°x. .•i-" >V .^ *^ 'A K^ -^ ■ V *,.o^ ** "o .0' "t- .<" ,0-' .• 4^ -y 0^ -^-^ 4 >. V'"'°'-^* .^"'^•o (lV ",'x-. ^. * .it- 0* . » • • ' > „.^' ">. rt^ . • • > ^ & J,* O > v«3ri, %.*■ .,,?'% .0 •' ' k^ "- '■■1' t -k \« °^ •■•' f° .^ V V <%* /- ^^^9^ .^^'% ■^Ij., 'O.I, b^•*^ % v>* "-^ ■)^ . » • • * ♦-.. A '-f. 's-..'^' V.^v^ wssses&msssm 1789. '^\\STOy^>j OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. "2 .>»I1M ||lln.slralion,'i iiiiil jhiar^r.ipliiral §»l;clclicf, « -' — * »>' ^"^ f SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS. !» r>uax.zii>f BO ST X«. ^. SVSRTB Ac CO., 71 1 in |ri|lM>rl HIrMil, X*lliliMl*l|>hl». IS--. [=p V CONTENTS. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY. CHAPTER I. — Introductory , ir.— A Raid in 1615 III. — The Iroquois ... IV. — Jesuits and Colonists V. — Do La Barre and Garangula VI. — Count Frontenac's Expedition VII.— From 1697 to 175.3 . VIII.— The "Old French War" . IX.— From 1761 to 1775 . X. — The Revolution XI.— From 17S.3 to 1800 . XII.— From ISOl to 1812 . XIII.— Tho War of 1812 . XIV.— From 1815 to 1830 . XV.— From 1831 to 1801 . XVI. to XXIX.— Oswego in the Rebellion XXX. — Since the War . XXXI. — The Press of Oswego County XX.XII.— County Buildings . XXXIII.— The State Normal School XXXIV.— The Common Schools XXXV. — Religion and Temperance XXXVI. — Medical Societies XXXVII. — Agricultural Societies XXXViri.— The National Guard XXXIX. — Oswego County Civil List OSWEGO CITY. PAQB 9,10 10,11 11-13 13-15 15-17 18, 19 19-24 24-35 35-38 38-41 41-55 55-62 62-69 69-72 72-75 75-115 116,117 117-121 121, 122 122-125 125 125, 126 126-129 129-131 131 132-135 History of Oswego City 199 A''iew of Oswego Harbor ...... facing 136 v Residence of Hon. 6. B. Sloan .... " 138 >/ " Thomas Kingsford .... " HO/ " Thomson Kingsford .... " 14a " Elias Root " 144^ " Leonard Ames, with Portrait and Biography " He*! " Dclos De Wolf " 148 V " Edwin Allen " ISOV' " Edwin W. Clarke "152 " Joseph Hover " 152 " Thomas S. Mott " 154^ " and Portrait of B. B. Burt ... " 156/ " OrviUe Robinson, with Portraits . . " 158/ "Farm Retreat," Residence of Thomson Kingsford . " 160 » St. Paul's Church and School " 162 1 Residence of E. G. Jones " 164 . " R. Gordon " 168; 0. M. Bond " 168- " First National Bank Building " 171 City Savings " " " 171 , Mannister Wort's Block "171 Ncal's Block (and Masonic Temple) .... " 171 Residence of Luther Wright, with portrait and biography // between 186, 187 { Portrait and Biography of Alvin Bronson . , facing 142 *' " " Sylvester Doolittle . . " 143 / " " Cheney Ames ... " 172 v " " Hon. A. P. Grant . . " 173. View of Kingsford's Starch-Factory (steel) . between 174, 175j Portraits of Thomas and Thomson Kingsford (steel) " 174, 175 > Portrait and Biography of R. Olipbant . . . facing 176/ Portraits of Myron Pardee and wife, with biography " 178^ Portrait of Judge W. F. Allen (steel) " Hon. Elias Root (steel) . " S. Bates, with biography . " Frederick T. Carrington (steel) Portraits of E. G. Jones and wife Portrait of Wm. S. Malcolm " Mrs. Catharine Van Rensselaer Cochr.an Portrait and Biography of John B. Edwards " " Colonel Edward M, " " Daniel E. Taylor " " Lucius B. Crocker Portrait and Biography of Hon. B. Doolittle " " H. Murray Biography of Judge W. F. Allen " B. B. Burt .... " Hon. Elias Root . " Frederick T. Carrington " Moses P. Neal " Wm. S. Malcolm . " Mrs. Catharine V. R. Cochran " Orvillc Robinson . " Mrs. Lucretia Robinson Military Record ...... TOWN OF OSWEGO History of the Town of Oswego Residence of Eli Wilder (double page) " Levi Pease (double page) Portraits of Nathan Lewis and wife, with bio Stock Farm and Portrait of Thos. G. Thompso tural Fair Grounds) Residence of William Clark Biogr.aphy of Eli Wilder . " Levi Pease . Military Record .... facing facing facin isii , 182 / 183 184^ 185 185 ■ 185 187 188 188 189 190 190 > 180 181 182 184 184 185 185 190 191 192 . 200 between 200, 201 . " 202, 203 . aphy . . 204 u (and Agrioul- 204 between 204, 205 ■• " 204, 205 s . 205 . 205 . 205 TOWN OF RICHLAND History of the Town of Richland View of Court-House, Pulaski .... " Pulaski Academy ..... Residence and Land-Office of Charles H. Cross, wii and biography Portrait of Thomas W. Dixon (steel) Residence of S. H. Fellows " J. G. and G. W. White First Congregational Church Building, with portrait Meacbam and Rev. James Douglas Residence of Jas. N. Betts. M.D., with portrait " and portrait of Don A. King Portrait of Robert L. lugersoll (steel) Biography of " " . , " Captain Ira Doane " y James N. Belt.s, M.D. . " Don A. King Portrait and Biography of William Stron " of .\nsel Brown . View of Salmon River House, Pulaski Box and Bett's Block, Pulaski . Residence of Capt. Ira Doane, with portraits Military Reenrd h portrait between 210,211 • facing 212 ,, " • 214' " 214 ' facing * 208 208 , 208 of Simon facing opposite facing opposite 21 7 > 218- 219 220 220 220 220 221 222 222 222 222 223 223 TOWN OF VOLNEY. History of the Town of Volney Views on Oswego Uiver, near Fulton facing CONTEXTS. i'urtrait and Biography of Lovwcll Johnaon (stoci) " " WillnrJ .Iiihnson («tccl) . Rosidonco of J. II. Distin, with porlritiM . F. Vaut, " " ... " Suiniicl Hart, " - " " Wm. D. Patterson " D. W. Gardner " Mrs. L. K. Loomis, with portraits " Elia.-* Thomas, with portraits " 4 Charles hy . Portraits of Ilolsey Hubbard and wife, with biography " William Ingell and wife, with biography Portrait of Isaac Markham, anrl biography of Ja>'on S. ^larkham 252 Residence of .lason .S. .Markham, with portraits . facing 252V Portraits of Freeman Gasper and wife, with biography . . 25.'? Portrait of F. W. Squires, with bi^tgraphy .... 254 " lion. Ransom II. Tyler, with biography . facing 25W \ Biography of Dr. Ransom llowiird, with portraits . opposite 255>/ " L. E. Loom is 211 " John H. Distin 241 " Elias Thomas 242 " Dr. Charles G. Bacon 243 " Samuel Hart ' 254 Military Record 255 opposite 226<^ 227'/ 228/ " 2297 " 2.107 " 2.'iiy facing 2.'iiy 241. " 24 2 V " 243-/ . 214 facing 244^ 245>/ 245 246 24SV' 247 24S 248.' 249 250 250 V 251 icing facing TOWN or MEXICO. History of the Town of Mexico ,...,. Residence of the late Eugene N. Hills, with portraits facing " L. H. Conklin " " J. B. Driggs " " Phincas Davis ..... " Residence and Factory of S. N. Gustin (double page), between 2G8, Carriage Manufactory of Lewis .Miller . . . facing View of Grace Church ...... *' Portrait and Biography of Hon. Avery Skinner Ebeneier E. Mcntcr ■ Rcriidenco of Mrs. Dr. C D. .Snell .... facing Toronto nud State Mills " Portrait and Biography of I>r. C. D. Sncll .... Biography of Eugene \. Hill.-* ....... Military Record 2G2 202-' 2fil^, 2C4. 266v 269^/ 270 V 272 J 273 274 275 2-i)j 275 276 270 TOWN OF AMIION. History of tliu Ti>wn of .Albion 278 llesiclencc of II. R. Avorill (ilouble page) . between 27(t, 279nJ Portrait and Biography of Aaron Fuller 281 " " Thomas Hrndcrson .... 282 Military Record 282 TOWN or CONSTANTIA. History of the Town of Constantia , P'trlraits and Biography of the Hernhard family Kesiilencc ami Portrait of Hon. William II. Ilaker llio^raphy of Hon. W. H. Baker I'iM-traits of Rev. Christopher Martin and wife " Henry Wiuii and wife . Portrait of Ephraim Cleveland Biography of Christopher .Martin " Henry Winn Resilience of Patrick ll.ipkin- Military Record .... fai'ing fue ing 287 290. 292 *. 292 293 293 ^. 293," 293 294 297-' •.'94 TOWN OF OKWELL. History of the Town of Orwell .... Residence of I. W. Bennett .... '* James J. Montague " John Washburn .... Residences of John E. Potter and Alexander Potter, traits Residence of Hon. John Parker, with portraits Biography of Hon. John Parker " Jas. J. Montague S. C. Davis Property of S. C. Davis and Son Portraits of the Davis family .... Military Record TOWN OF UAN.NIUAL. facing with por. facing opposite 297 - 297| 298> 298)> 300 •; 303 V 303 303 303 304 V 305, ;',oi History of the Town of Hannibal 307 Residence of Norman Titus facing 307 " C. S. Chamberlain .... " ,307 " E. S. Tallman (double page) . between 308, 309 " Jonas Shutts, with portraits (double page) between 310,311 Biography of Jonas Shutts .'ill Residence of . Avery Green, with portraits , . facing 312 Military Record 312 TOWN OF r.VLER.MO. .History of the Town of Palermo ■^lesidence and Store of 1). 11. Trimble, with portrait Factory and Hotel of W. II. Hnnnan Residence of J. F. Lansing Frederick C. Church . " W. S. Lansing, with portraits " D. L. Brown Portraits of .Almon Matron and wife . Portrait of Dr. Addison Bcckwith Biography of Isaac N. Lansing ** Almon Mason Biography of David L. Brown . Military Record facing ojtposite facing 316 310- 318 319 319 320 321 321 321 320 :.J\ ;i2i 324 facing 324 " 324 4t 324 twcen 326 .327 facing 330 " 330 '• 330 ■' .-t.-io .•;:;i TOWN OF SCUnOEIM'EL History of the Town of Schroeppel . Residence and Portrait of Alonzo Utley . " of AV. U. Rice Howard House ....... Residence of Nelson Corey (double page) Portraits of Andrew Gilbert and wife " Stephen Griflith "... Portrait of E. L. Jennings .... " J. M. Williams .... Residence of B. Sutton, with portraits Biography of Reuben Siillon .... Military Record TOWN Ol'' NEW HAVEN. History of the Town of New Haven. ..... Xi'J Premises of Orlando R. Cummings .... facing 3;'>9 Portrait of Setli , Severance, with bii/graphy . opposite ."110 " A. AV. Severance, " . . " 341 Portraits and Biography of .A. II. Barton and wife . " .342 Residence of Edwanl W. Robinson, with p(»rtraits . " 313 Views at Captain Henry Daggett's, with portraits (double page) between 311, ;U.'» Portrait of Norman Howe, with biography *' 341, 315 Residence of M. S. l.indtill, with portrait . ** 311,345 Portrait of L. Cummings ........ 345 Biography of Captain Henry J. Daggett' 34.'> Military Record 3l.i TOWN OF A.IIUOV, History of the Town of .Ambiiy Portrait* of F. M. Touslcy Olid wife . . 3 I S facing 3 IS CONTENTS. Portraits of D. J. Wilson and wife Portrait of F. Laing .... " Philip Hess . " George D. Wells, with bio Biograjihy of Thomas Laing Kesidence of John Jamieson, with portrait Portrait of Charles Leigh, with biography Biography of John Jamieson Residence of H. and N. Leigh . Military Record aphy facing facin" facing PAOE 348 348' 348, 350 350 351/ 351 351 353v 351 TOWN OF WIIiLIAMSTOVVN. facing History of the Town of Williamstown View of Lake and Mill at Kasoag Residence of Edwin Comstock, with portraits . " and Hotel of C. S. Sage, with portraits " A. Orton and William Steele, with portraits " 357v'' Biography of Hon. Chauncey S. Sage 356 " Ashbel Orton 356 Military Record 357 353 3531 opposite 356'' TOWN OF HASTINGS. History of the Town of Hastings .... Residence of William B. Parkhurst, with portraits . " D. D. Drake, M.D " Robert Elliott " Leonard Snow ..... Military Record facing TOWN OF WEST MONROE. 358 , 358^ 360t/ 3CQ' 3G2v 365 History of the Town of West Monroe 367 Military Record 369 TOWN OF BOYLSTON. History of the Town of Boylston . . . . * . .370 \ Residence of William Wart, with portraits . . facing 3707 Biography of William Wart 373 Military Record 373 TOWN OF SANDY CREEK. History of the Town of Sandy Creek High School Building ..... Residence of William Bishop, with portraits " Orin R. Earl, with portrait . " Gilbert N. Harding " William Jay Stevens " Hon. A. S. Warner, with portraits Biography of Hon. Oren R. Earl " " Andrew S. Warner Residence of Julia K. Robbins, with portraits . Biography of Benjamin G. Bobbins . " Julius S. Robbins " William Bishop .... Residence of J. S. Robbins .... The Salisbury House ..... • Portrait and Biography of Hon. Azariah Wart " of J. Lyman Bulkley .... Military Record facing facing facing 374 374,/ 376v 378 v' 380 380^' 382/ 382 382 383^' 383 383 383 384- .384.' 384 384 384 TOWN OF GRANBY. History of the Town of Granby 388 Residence of Wm. W. Palmer, with portraits . . facing 388 ■ " Calvin French, with portraits . . *' 389 . Farm View and Residence of Thos. R. Wright, with portraits, < between 300, 391 Farm and Residence of Jasper 11. Whitcomb, with portraits (double page) between 392, 393 -J Residence of Felix M. Rice, with portraits . . facing 394. " Oliver Paine, " . . " 395v " John C. Wells, " . . " 396, " Mrs. M. Howell " 397 ^ Portraits of Benjamin Wells and wife, with biography " Benj. B. Pierce " " . . Residence of I. F. Pierce, with portrait . . . facing " W. B. Gaylord, with portraits . . " Portrait of Asa Phillips, with biography Residence of Morgan Blakcraan, with portraits . facing ** Lewis U. Ilutchins, '* . " Portraits of Aaron Stranahan and wife, with biograpliy . Kcsidcuce of Aaron Stranahan facing " Wm. H. Tompkins, with portraits . . " Portrait of David Willcox, with biography . . . . Residence of Milo Wilco.>;, with portraits . . . facing " Dan. S. Shattuck, "... " " H. H. Merriam, "... " " Mrs. Isaac Bogardus, "... " " Jesse Reynolds, "... opposite " Jackson Reynolds, "... " " J. H. Langdon ..... facing Biography of John C. Wells " Isaac Bogardus ....... " John I. Walradt facing " William B. Gaylord " Jackson Reynolds " Morgan Blakoman " Seth Paine ........ " William II. Tompkins ...... " Jasper II. Whitcomb ...... " Dan. S. Shattuck " Calvin French " H. H. Merriam " John Palmer . . " David Hutchins " Jesse Reynolds Military Record . TOWN OF SCRIBA History of the Town of Scriba . Residence of Geo. Fradenbiirgh " Russell Turner, with portrait " Philo H. Burnbam, " Portrait of Thomas Askew, with biography " Daniel Hall (2d), " " ■ Erastus Stone .... Biography of Erastus Stone Portrait of Robert Simpson, with biography " Geo. W. Suyder, M.D., " Portraits of James Church and wife, " " Rev. Geo. Blossom and wife, with biography " Philo Burnham and wives, " Military Record ....... facing opposite facing . <"/ . facing PAGE 397 398 398/ 399/ 400 400^^ 401 V 402 402 ■•'' 403.' 404 404/ 405- 406, 407 • 408 409^'' 412/ 396 396 397 399 399 400 401 403 403 405 405 406 406 406 407 408 412 412 411 V 415- ■ 416 416. 417 V 417 418 418 418-- 419 • 420 421 TOWN OF REDFIELD. History of the Town of RcdficUl Residence of James Petrie, witli portrait Biography of .lames Petrie facing 423 424-' 428 Military Record 42S TOWN OF PARISH. History of the Town of Parish 429 Portrait of Lieutenant-Colonel Melzar Richards, with biog- raphy facing 429' Residence of Hon. Harvey Palmer, with portraits . " 432 / Biography of Hon. Harvey Palmer 432 Military Record 432 MISCELLANEOUS. List of Citizens who assisted in the publication of the History of Oswego County, with personals ..... 434 Outline Map of Oswego County .... facing 9 View of Salmon River Falls (vignette) . . facing title-page. / S r ,w 3 T HISTOEY OF OSAVEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. BY CRISFIELD JOHNSON. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. Plan of iIk' Work — Sources of Infonnation — List of Books Ex:iniilieil — AckuowIcdgmeutH of Aid — Closing Remarks. The plan of this work couiprises : First, a cotincctcd history of the events of general im- j)ortanfe or interest which have occurred in the territory now comprising the county of Oswego, or in which residents of that county have been actors, from the advent of Cham- plain in 1G15 down to the second yelir of the second century of American Independence. Second, special and statistical matter relating to the county at large, and intended chiefly for reference. Tiiird, histories of the city of Oswego and of each town in the county, including notices of early settlers, and sketehe.? of churches, lodges, and other local organizations. Fourth, biographical sketches and personal records. The general history is intended to follow strictly the chronological order from 1G15 to 1877, confining itself to the territory of the present county and the acts of its resi- dents, referring to outside matters only so far as may be necessary to show the connection of events, telling the story not only of battles and sieges, in which this county has been extremely prolific, but of pioneer struggles and modern development, and not disdaining the use of anecdote and reminiscence to give vivacity to the picture. The other portions of the work must necessarily be arranged according to the subjects of which they treat. That portion of the general history pertaining to the l)eriod previous to the beginning of settlement was derived entirely from books ; the later portion is partly from books, but largely from personal recollections, conten)porary records, newspaper articles, etc. All these sources have also been utilized in compiling the special sketches and town histories. The books which we have con.sultx;d, and to which wc desire to acknowledge our indebtedness, are the Documentary and Colonial Histories of New York, Coldon's History of the Five Nations, Smith's History of New York. Morgan's League of the Iroquois, Squier's Antiquities, Schoolcraft's Report on Indian Affairs, Stone's Life and Times of Sir William Johnson, Poucliot's Memoir of the War of 1754- 60, Lossing's Life of Schuyler, Bishop Tinion's History of Missions in Western New York, Stone's Life and Times of Joseph Brant, iNIrs. Grant's jMcmoirs of an American Lady, Bancroft's History of the United States, Cooper's Pathfinder, Clark's Onondaga, Turner's History of the Holland Pur- chiise, Ketchum's History of Buffalo and the Senecas, Hough's History of Jefferson County, Hammond's Political History of New York, the New York Civil List, French's New York Gazetteer, numerous directories of Oswego, and several minor works. Many of the volumes above named are the property of B. B. Burt, Esq., of Oswego, to whom we are indebted for their use, and whose knowledge of local history has enabled him to give us much valuable information regarding the subject of our labors. We are also especially indebted to F. W. Squiers, Esq., of North Volney, for assistance regarding early records and events after the settlement of the county. The Hon. Alvin Bronson, of Oswego, having been a resident there since 1810, having during the greater part of that time been active in commercial and political life, and having entered with form scarce bent and memory scarce dimmed upon his ninety-fifth year, has been able to furnish us much inlbrmation not attainable from any other person. We regret that it is impracticable to mention all those who have kindly enlightoned us on minor points, but as they number many hundreds, scattered through. every town in the county and every ward in the city, we .are obliged to confine ourselves to a general expression of thanks to these numerous aiders of our enterprise. Of the manner in which the work is executed it were idle to speak at any length here. It must stand or fall on its own merits. Doubtless, between the frequent obscurity of the subject, and the numerous and often conflicting au- thorities to be consulted, occasional inaccuracies have crept in. Doubtless some things have been omitted, as worthy of attention as others which have been included ; yet wc are certain there is an immense amount of information rc- 9 10 IIISTOUY OF OS\VK(;0 COI'NTV, NEW V(H:K. pirding Osw^o County within tliis volume, mid we trust it is 80 arranged and presented that our patrons and their children and their children's children will li.tig turn tn these pages to learn the story of their own and their fathers' home. CHAPTER II. A RAID IN 1615. Cliiini|iluin in O.swcgo Cimnty—IIis previous Aclinn — Alliirk on llif Onondngiig— t'lium|>lnin WounJed — Tho Kclrcul. IIirNDRKIts upon hundreds of almost naked savages, painted and plumed for war, gliding with stealthy step amid the tangled vines and beneath the autunin-tint<;d leaves of an American forest, armed with the bows and arrows, the war-clubs and the stone tomahawk.s, which had been the weajions of their ancestors from immemorial time, in whose midst marched a band of ten Europeans, equipped with arquebusc, and pistol, and cutlass, led by one whose mien betiikencd the habit of command and whose eye flashed with the fire of his adventurous spirit, — such was the scene to be witnessed in the ehrly days of October, 1C15, in tlic central portion of the territory now composing the county of Oswego. Doubtless the same ground had previously seen many an Indian war-]iarty on its errand of slaughter, but never before had it been pressed by the foot of the Caucasian. Samuel Champlain was then leading through Oswe-'o County the first white men who ever visited any part of the Emjiire State west of the immediate vicinity of Mud.son river. The period of his advent here was only a hundred and twenty-three years after the discovery of America by Columbus, eighty-one years after Cartier had sailed up the St. Lawrence to Montreal, making some fruitless efforts at colonization, twelve years after Champlain himself had founded tlie colony of (Canada, nine years after Henry Ilud.son had discovered the noble river which bears his name, and five years before the Pilgrim Fathers landed on Plymouth rock. From his first arrival in America, Cham]ilain, eai;er to ingratiate himself with his neighbor.s, the Iliirons, bad aided them in their wars against their most dreaded foes, the far-famed IrnqnuLt. Six years previous to the lin)e in question he had kd a band of the northern Indians alon" the shore of the lake which has received his name, and had engaged in i)attle with the Five Nations on the outskirts of their territory, thus arousing their deadly erjmily Iran.s- mitt('d through many generations— again.st all the inhabit- ants of New France. At length he and his Huron allies had determined to strike at the very centre of the great confederacy. With ten trusty companions he had sought the principal villages of the Ilurom, situated on the lake of the same name. There h(' had been promi.sed that twcnty-five hundred war- riors should !Ls.sembli; to attack the Iroquois. What number actually congregated at the rendezvous is unknown, but it wa.s undoubtedly large lor :im lnnonda(jiis, situated on or near Onondaga lake. Other tribes and other locidities have been suggested, but none that so well satisfies the description of Chamj)lain, For three or four days the Huron warriors and their French C(unpanions pursued their devious and tedious way, guided only by the general knciwledge which the former possessed of the loeati(m of their enemies. It wits not until the fourth day after leaving their canoes, being the !lth of October, that they cros.sed Oneida river, at or near tiie site of Fort Brewerton, catching a glimpse of tlio beautiful Oneida lake, where Champlain, even in his hurried pa,'^sage, noted the immense number of fish which inhabited the stream, making it the favorite fishing-place of the Oiion- tliiyds. Thenceforth their course was outside the present bounds of the county of Oswego, and it is not our purpo.se to give a minute description of events which have happened beyond those bounds, unless residents of the county were the chief actors in them. Barely enough will be related regarding such matters to show the connection in the chain of events. Suffice it to say, then, that Chanqilain's e.\pedition was entirely unsuccessful, lie arrived before the enemy's prin- cipal village on the 10th of October, and found it so well defended by four rows of interlaced palisiides that, nolwith- slanding the number of his followers, notwithstanding the fiie-annsof the Frenchmen and his own gallant leadership, he eould not induce his undisciplined Hiirons to make the persistent efforts nece.s.sary to succc's. After a spirited but irregular assault, in which Champlain himself was twice .severely wounded and many of his warriors were al.so in- jured by the arrows of the Onondtn/na^ and after vainly waiting several da3's for a friendly tribe which was expected from the .south, the J/nrons, in spite of their leader's re- monstrances, on the IGth of October turned their steps towards home. The On'/nduyas pursued them a short HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 11 distance, but were soon driven back by the Frencli arquc- busiers. But little over a week after tlie long cortege swept through the forests of Oswego County, full of savage pride and war- like hope, it came hastening back defeated and forlorn, each wounded warrior being borne on the back of one of his fellows, in a rude wicker-basket. Champlain himself was thus carried, suffering severely from his wound, and still more so from the cramped condition to which he was confined by his basket ambulance. As soon as he could possibly bear his weight, he preferred to hobble with lialting steps over the hills than to remain pent up in the basket, which he describes as a perfect hell. Feeling iu constant danger of attack from the vengeful Iroquois, the retreat of the Hiirons was more rapid than their advance, and on the ISth of October they reached Lake Ontario at the point where they had concealed their canoes. Though Champlain was anxious to return directly down the St. Lawrence to Montreal, the Huroiis insisted on taking him back to their own country, whore he remained during the winter ; returning in the spring to his friends, who had for months mourned him as dead. Such was the first ajipoaranoe of the white man withiu the present borders of the county of Oswego, and, so far as that county is concerned, the month of October, 1615, marks the line between history and tradition. Standing at this divisional point betwixt the known and the un- known, let us employ a little time in peering amid the mists of earlier ages and dubious systems ere we go for- ward on firm ground along the ever-broadening historic pathway from 1615 to 1877. CHAPTER IIL THE IROQUOIS. Their Various Names — Their Origin — Curious Trailitions — The Pro li- able Truth — Formalion of the Confejeracy — Atotarho — The Sys- tem of Clans, Sachems, an'i Chiefs — Prowess and Eloquence — General Cliaracteristics — Three Tribes iu Oswego County. At the time our history begins, the territory of the present county of Oswego was uniiuestionably in the pos- session of that celebrated confederacy, whose renown has far surpassed that of any other North American Indians, and who were variously known as the Five Nations, the Iroquois, tlie Hcdonosannee , and the People of the Long House. The term " Five Nations" explains itself The appellation Iroquois was given them by the French, but is not a French word. Old maps show a tribe of Indians called "t'oKfs," located near the site of Kingston, Canada; also " Isles des Couis" and " Bay des Couis," iu that vicinity. Another map designates the country of the Six Nations as that of the •^Iliro Couis." It would seem, therefore, that the name " Qmis" first belonged, or wa.s given, to the Canadian Indians, and that the French, sup- pd.Mug the Five Nations to be of tiie same tribe, gave them the specific designation "JJiro,' though what that means is unknown. From "Iliro Coitis" to "Iroquois,'' the change is easily seen. The Five Nations called themselves Ilcdonosannee, liter- ally, " We form one cabin," thereby denoting that they were all of one political household ; and this name has been translated, with substantial correctness, " The People of the Long House." They also called themselves " Ongwe Ilonwe," meaning Superior Men, but this appellation has never been adopted by the whites, though it is in some sort continued by the proud motto of the Empire State, — " Excelsior." When first discovered by the whites, each of the Five Na- tions was on the ground which it continued to occupy dowu to the outbreak of the American Revolution, and their names have been perpetuated by the waters whereon they dwelt, — that of the Mohawks by the Muhawk river, those of the Oiieidiis, the Onoudngas, the Coyugus, and the Senecns by the lakes bearing the same appellations. These tribes, or nations, were linked together in a kind of federal union, which decided all tpiestions of war and peace, and perhaps other matters affecting the general welfare, if any such there were. The origin of this league, the origin of the tribes which composed it, are alike uncertain. Where they were when found by tlie Europeans they might have been a thousand years, for aught tluit is positively known. But there were several traditions among the Iroquois regarding their origin, all pointing in the same direction, and all link- ing the history of the confederacy in au especial manner with the county of Oswego. One account is simply that the Iroquois once resided iu Canada, being neighbors and rivals of the Ilurons ; that they were defeated by the latter, fled across Lake Ontario, passed up the Oswego river, and settled on the lakes and rivers of central New York. A more remarkable tradition, given by David Cusick, the Tuscarora chief, is that their ancestors were called from the bowels of a mountain near Oswego falls, by Tarenyawayon, " the Holder of the Heavens," under whose direction they went eastward to the Hudson, and thence back to Seneca lake, the several tribes dropping off on their way. Still another legend, related in Clark's " Onondaga," is that at one time, when the Iroquois were iu great affliction on account of the blighting of their corn, the obstruction of their rivers by monsters, etc., two Oiiondagas, sauntering on the beach at Oswego, saw a white canoe coming over the lake, from which, when it landed, stepped a venerable personage, who announced himself as the Spirit-man, Taounyawatha, come to extricate the people from their troubles. He went up the Oswego river and removed the obstructions at the falls, so that canoes could pitss without portage, though the cataract has been replaced, on account of the wickedness of succeeding generations. Then he continued his course up the Oswego and Seneca, cut in twain with one blow of his paddle a serpent several miles in length, which lay across the stream a little above Three Rivers point, destroyed numerous other monsters, more terrible than those which fell under the wrath of Hercules, and, finally, laying a.side his spiritual attributes, lived for a long time as a mere man, the father and adviser of the Iroquois, under the well- known name of Hiawatha. 12 HISTOHV (»r OSWKCO COrNTV, NEW YOKK. All thfso tniditldiis pi to shdW that tlic JiciiiinU origi- nally eaiiie Crom llie north, and that they made their udvciit in central New York by way of the Oswego river. Similar !>hadciHy authority indicates that while there was a general rcseniblanee and a kind uf coiineetion between the five tribes, yet that they were politically indejiondcnt for a long liiue after their establi.-hnient in central New York, and were often enga;.'ed in deadly conflict with each other. At length, a wise old saeheiu named Daganuwada, perceiving that all the tribes were likely to be destroyed by each other and by their common enemies, advised a confedenition be- tween them, and jiropo.sed Atotarho, otherwise called Tado- daho, an Oitomhiga chief of extraordinary valor, as the head of the new league. His suggestion was agreed to, and a humble deputation of sachems sought out the renowned Oiioiuhiyii in the midst of one of his swampy fastnesses, and persuaded him to accept the honors of Icadei-ship. One of the few jiictoriid rcpresontalioiis of Indian oritrin re]irc- seiits the terrible Atotarho, seated and smoking, with scores of living serpents curled around his legs and hissing from his hair, while two nieck-looking ambassadors ap]iroach to offer him the presidency of the projx)scd eonfediTaey. After the formation of the lc;igue, it is said that the sii.ikes were combed out of Atotarho's head by a Mohawk chieftain, thenceforward called Ila-yo-went-ha, " The Man who Combs." Perhaps this symbolizes the fact that the authority of the Atotarho, or head chief of the confederacy, was reduced to an almost nominal rank, involving little more than the privilege of presiding over the general council of the league ; but Indian symbolism, like Indian tradition, is of too shadowy a nature to admit of elaborate discussion in a work of this character. Not only the early history of the Indian tribes, but their policy, laws, and organization, as they were before, or even since, the advent of the whiles, cannot be delineated with any certainty of correctness. When the writer first began to consult authorities regarding the Five Nations, for the jiurposo of wiiting the history of another county, he siip- jiosed, after a .short research, that he had mastered not indeed the minulix, but the general outlines of the Iroijnois policy, for the first book he read laid down the whole politi- cal and i-ocial system of those tribes with a clearness which could not be misunderstood and a positiveness which left nothing in doubt. But further investigation, instead of increasing, has sadly diminishcJ his stock of knowledge on that subject, for other authorities give widely different views not merely as to details, but in regard to the most csiscntial jioint.s in the organization of the llrdoiiosannce. lie is now fully siitisfied that their whole system was far less definite than is usually' .supposed, and that the precise and positive language which might properly be used by the historian to describe the constitution of a civilized people is entirely out of ]place in delineating the shadowy outlines of aborigi- nal customs. Yet, as Oswego County was, from its first discovery to the close of the IJevolution, acknowledged by French, Dutch, English, and Americans to be the property of the Jioi/iiDi.t, as it was constantly used by lliom as a hunting- ground, and as il.s fortunes during all that time were closely interwoven with those of that celebrated tribe, it would seem as if an Oswego County history should give at least an outline sketch of their character and policy. The most remarkable characteristic of the Iroquois w;is the .system of clans, which extended through all the tribis of the confedjracy. Although thiisa associations were far different from the Scottish clans, which were almost inde- pendent nations (and, indeed, from any other socictias in the world), yet the word "elan" is u.sed by the best writers as more nearly suiting the case than any other in our language. There were, in all, eight of these clans, each namj"! after something in the anim d kingdom, viz. : Wolf, Bjar, B javer, Turtle, Djcr, Sni]>a, Heron, and Hawk. Even in regard to this important matter we are met with the usual uncer- tainty which hangs over Indian affairs ; while some au- thorities declare that all the elans extended to all the tribes, others say that only the first three were thus widely spread, and that the other five clans only extended through two or three tribes each. The latter seems the more probable statement. Each clan wa.s a large family, all the members of which, however widely sejiarated among the various tribes of the confederacy, were bound to each other by peculiar ties, and were under obligations to aid each other with fraternal care. The idea of family relationship was strengthened by pro- hibiting all intermarriage between membei-s of the same clan. This was strictly enforced by public opinion, and those who violated it, if any such there were, were visited with the deepest disgrace. The Mohawk of the Beaver clan, whom the chase or war had led among the Seiifcas, living three hundred miles from his own castle, was at once made at home among his brother Beavers, though he might never have seen one of them before; but he wils bound to treat them as brothers and sisters, and marriage was not to bo thought of Whether the clan .system was the fortunate outgrowth of fortuitous circumstances, or the splendid invention of some forest-born genius, there seems to be no doubt that it was the vital principle of the Jroijiiuis confederacy. The feel- ing of brotherhood between the clans, carefully preserved by the prohibition of intermarriage, was a belter preventive of war between the Iribi's than the most solemn compact which could have been formed among that barbarous |>cople. The Onnndagas could not go to war with the Ciiyn(fns, for in (hat ea.se the Heron would have been compelled to do battle with his brother Heron. There must be no strife bjtwc3n the Oneulas and the distant S'-necas, for if there were it would sunder the fraternal bonds uniting the Bear which reposed on the shore of Oneida lake to the fiercer Bear which roamed through the wilderness west of the Ueiicsee. In each tribe there were several sachems, having some kind of authority. This much is certain; but having ascer- tained so much, the unfortunate investigator is again sur- rounded by the clouds of doubt. The general belief is that the sachems were civil chiefs, having no authority in war. But Sir William John.son, who ought to have had as good a knowledge of the Iroijiwls as any other while man in North America, said the sachems were elected chiefly on account of their warlike prowess. The latter view is much HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 13 more consistent with the usual customs of savages than the former, but the Ii-aqiuiU were a peculiar people, and we are inclined to believe, from all the testimony, that there was more or loss distinction between civil chiefs and war chiefs. Morgan, tlie able author of the " League of the Iroquois," says that there was no distinct class of war chiefs among the Five Nations, but every renowned warrior could beat up for volunteers, and obtain the leadership of a band of his countrymen. Certainly in some cases the fighting men of the Si.K Nations have been known to choose a leader for a particular battle only the day before it was to take place. The truth probably is that in regard to both civil sachems and war chiefs there was a tendency, so to say, to take them from particular families, but there were no definite regula- tions, and personal prowess, acknowledged wisdom, or oratorical skill frequently gained the day over the rights of primogeniture. All admit that the Oiioiulaqas had a certain pre-emi- nence, and that the principal civil chief was always from that tribe, but the Scitccas and the Mohawks both claim to have had the honor of furnishing the principal war chief As these two last-named tribes were located one at each end of the '' Long House," they were necessarily more often assailed by sudden attacks than the others, and their prin- cipal chiefs would naturally bo accorded a certain suprem- acy in warlike affairs. There was an annual congress of the confederacy held at the council-fire of the Oiwnddffas, com^iosed of six mem- bers, according to Schoolcraft, but of fifty, according to Morgan, and perhaps of some other number according to the next investigator. Probably the larger figure is more nearly correct, for the Iroquois were not accustomed to trust much power to a single person; but Morgan's careful allot- ment of nine to the Oneidas, nine to the Mo/kiwIlS, four- teen to the Onondiijas, ten to the Coyiigns, and eight to the Senecas, is not in accordance with the miscellaneous manner in which the Indians generally transacted business. But whatever the number or the power of their chiefs, whatever the details of their organization, the Iroquois had already, at the advent of the white man, made themselves the dread of all the nations round about, battling fiercely with the Hiirons of Canada, with the Eries on the shores of Lake Erie, and with the Cherokees of the far south, while they had reduced to abject submission the Mohicans of New England, the Delmoares of Pennsylvania, and many other feeble or timorous tribes. Their republican system of government, too, and their fre.xssed on to take pos-session of the ground allotted to him in the vicinity of the Onondaga village. A curious mystery hangs over the whole history of the French efforts to colonize central New York. It is strange that a Jieople so jc;dous of their independence as the Iro- lUSTOllY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 15 quols, who had been at enmity with the French for forty years, should have invited or allowed a French colony to settle among them, and the end of the proceeding is even more mysterious than its beginning. In the early spring of 1058, while the ice wsis running in dangerous masses down the ever-turbulent Oswego, ])u Puy.s and all his com- panions, together with several otlier missionaries and colo- nists who had joined them in IG.iT, came hurrying in rude, newly-built bateaux toward.s Canada. There was now none of the grand display which had marked their hopeful ad- vent only twenty months before : the men, with weapons ready for conflict, were watching anxiously for pursuing foes, and such good time did they make with their oars that on the 3d of April they lauded at Montreal, fifteen days after they started from Onondaga. Du Puys reported that their suspicions had been aroused by the conduct of the Iroquois, and that finally one of their converts had informed them that a plot had been laid to murder the whole colony. Too weak to fight, the French- men secretly built bateaux iu the inclosed yard of the Jesuit mission, and when all was ready one of their number, who had been adopted into an Indian family, persuaded his foster-parents to make a feast in his honor, to which all the Indians of the village were invited. After the feast they went to sleep, and then the Frenchman rejoined his comrade*, and all fled in haste down the Oswego. It is a curious story. Perhaps they were afraid of massacre, and perhaps tliey were homesick. The Jesuits attributed the supposed treachery of the Iroquois to the fact that since the arrival of the French they had destroyed the Erie or Cut nation, the Kahquehs, and other tribes, and that, once freed from these enemies, all their jealousy of the French at once revived. At any rate, tliis was the end of French colonization (though not of missionary efibrt) in central New York, unless we are to trust the dubious account of a French settlement in the present town of Pompey, Onondaga county, whicii flourished from 1GG6 to IGG'J, and which was joined by a party of silver-seeking Spaniards from Florida, between whom and the Frenchmen quarrels arose, that were only settled by the savages slaying all of both parties. Frencii missions, however, were soon after re-established at Onondaga, for the Jesuits would labor for their religion under the very edge of the uplifted tomahawk, and twenty- five years after the flight of Du Puys we find the two Lambervilles fearlessly saying iuas.s and making converts even when the old hostility between the French and Iroquois seemed on the point of breaking out into open war. CHAPTER V. DE LA BAERE AND GARANGULA. Thf French ami their Allies — Iror^uuis ORensee — De ia Karre's Acans, and part of them • being fierce pagans of the wilderness, terrible in war-]>aint i and plume, who cared for nothing of European origin I except the musket and the brandy-bottle. De la Barre tlcies not seem to have been a man of much energy, and on his arrival at La Famine, on the 20th of August, he was appalled to find many of his men .sick with tertian fever, though it does not seem jis if a very great number could have been taken down after their leaving Frontcnac only seven days before. He inimodiatcly .sent a messenger, a " Christian savage," to Monsieur Le Jloine (not the missionary), at " Onontague," to hasten the move- ments of the mediatorial amba.^siidors. On the 3d of Sep- tember, Le Moine arrived with nine Onondaga chiefs, three Oneidas, and two Cat/iii/aa, not a single Snucu being pre.s»'nt except " Tcgan Court," who had come with the French from Montreal. The day after their arrival was devoted to feasting, and on the r)th of September a council was held. As in all councils, a good deal of time was necessarily consumed in complimentary remarks, smoking the pipe, etc. ; but at length Be la Barre made a .speech to the as.sembled chiefs, seated on the ground in a semicircle before him. It was menacing in its character, in accordance with the governor's purpose of overawing the Five Nations. He demanded satisfaction for the misconduct of the Senecas, saying that in case of refu.sal or of further misconduct he should declare war. He accused the Five Nations of taking the Engli.sh into the lakes belonging to the French king, and among nations that were his children, to destroy the tnide of his subjects. " If the like shall happen again," said the governor, " I shall declare war." He proceeded to charge the Irnriiiciiial villages. But the Senecns themselves all retired into the forest, and in the then primitive condition of their agriculture and architecture they suffered very little danger. It was about tiiis time that the elder Lauibcrvilie, then the only Jesuit missionary to the Iroquois, was withdrawn from his post among the Onondagas. All tiie Iroquois tribes made common cause with their injured brethren, and the very next year twelve hundred of their warriors set forth against the Canadian settlements, doubtless passing along the usual route down the Oswego, and tlien coasting along the east end of the lake and down the St. Lawrence. They ravaged the island of Montreal, even to the very gates of the city, and had they possessed the nieaTis of reducing fortified places, would perhaps have put an end to French power in North America. As it was, the French were compelled to abandon Forts Frontenac and Niagara, and it seemed as if the Iroquois were about to be- come uridl.--jiutcd masters of the whole lake country. The same year the second English revolution placed William, Prince of Orange, on the throne of James the Second, and the war with France, which immediately fol- lowed, set at work all the tomahawks and sealping-knives on the American frontiers. Both the English and French colonial governmeDt.-* habitually urged their respective Indian allies to send scaljiing-parties against the .settlements of their rivals. But the Canadian Indians were, as a rule, no match for the Iroquois, and the French government found it necessary to take strong measures to defend their infant colony. In 1G89 the Count de Frontenac was sent over as governor of New France, — an aged but most energetic noble- man, formerly minister for the colonies, whose name had been given to the fort at the outlet of Lake Ontario, and was even borne for a time by the great lake itself Under that vigorous but cruel leader the French fortunes began to inipiove. After several years of mutual slaughter the old peer determined to strike a blow in person at the centre of Iroquois power, the great council-fire of the Onoudagns. On the 28th day of July, 109(5, a well-aj)])oiiited little army, bearing the bamiers of France, and led by the vet- eran Count de Frontenac, appeared in bateaux and canoes at the mouth of the Oswego river, then called by the French the Onnontjigue, or Onondaga. Encamping there for the night, the next day they proceeded slowly and cautiously up the foaming river. On either side of the stream fifty scouts. Frenchmen and Indians, advanced in open order through the forest, ever alert for ambushed Iroquois. Four battalions of reg- ular troops, of two hundred men each, formed the dile of the invading force. These and one battalion of militia, numbering nearly three hundred, under Frontenac himself and the Chevalier de Vaudreuil, ascended close along the western shore, ready to spring to land at any moment when the scouts should report the presence of a foe. Three more battalions of militia of similar strength atid nearly five hundred savages, under Messieurs de Callieres and de Ra- mezay, in like manner advanced up the eastern side of the stream. These .savages consisted of Ilurons. Aicnukis, Oiluwits, and other tribes in alliance with the French, who were eager, with the assistance of French arms, to wreak vengeance on the hated Iroquois for the many chiistise- raants they had received from them. So hard was the task of working against the current, and so great the caution observed, that at night the army had advanced hardly half- way to the falls of the Oswego. The next day, however, they arrived there and began the portage. The soldiers and Indians iti each bateau or canoe sprang a.shore, lifted it on their shoulders, and con- veyed it around the falls. But when the Count de Fron- tenac was about to di.sembark, expecting to go on foot like the rest, fifty savages seized his canoe, and with him seated in it bore it to the smooth water above, making the forest re-echo with their songs and yells. The fierce old noble- man, then seventy-four years of age, was a great favorite witli the northern Indians, whom he had aroused to the fiercest hostility against the English and Iroquois, giving them the hatchet with his own hands, and dancing the war-dance with their chiefs to stimulate their savage ardor. Some of the battalions did not pass the portage till the next day, when an advance of ten miles was made. Near Three Rivers point they found a rude representation of the army, made on bark, doubtless left by some of the Iroquois as a warning to others, and accompanied by two bundles of rushes to signify the great number of the in- vaders. Some of the Frenchmen hail the curiosity to count the rushes, which numbered fourteen hundred and thirty- four, and supposed that the Oitoutliigas meant to indicate that as the precise number of Frt)ntenac's army. But no Indian could count a tenth part so many ; the rushes merely showed that there was a great force coming. After passing into the present county of Onondagji, the army proceeded more rapidly, landed on the .'south shore of Onondaga lake, and advanced to the village, but on their arrival found that the inhabitants had fled. The French and their allies destroyed the villages and the crops of growing corn, but their only captives were a lame girl and an old man, the latter of whom Count Frontenac with his usual cruelty allowed his Itidian friends to burn at the stake. Monsieur de Vaudreuil witii a light detachment also destroyed the villages of the Oiieidas. On the 11th of August the whole army returned, and encamped below the falls. By ten o'clock the niornitig of HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 19 the 12th the rapid Oswego had borne them to its mouth. A violent gale ft'om the west detained them till the 14th. At noon of that day they set fortli, raising; sails over their bateaux, and by nightfall made twenty-five miles, as they computed, camping at the mouth of a small river. On the 15th the army returned to Fort Frontenac, and thence pro- ceeded to the Canadian settlements. About a hundred and twelve years later (1808 or 1809) one of the early settlers near Oswego falls on the east side cut down a large tree, deep within which was found an old "blaze," and beneath it a large number of musket-balls. The blaze was overlaid by a hundred and twelve circles, and those who reckoned back the years till 1696 concluded that on returning from their raid some of Count Fronte- nac's musketeers had amused themselves by firing at a mark, leaving the bullet-scarred tree as the only relic of their expedition in Oswego County. The Onondagas and Oneidas were supplied with corn for the winter by the authorities of New York, and the ex- pedition had apparently had no other effect than to bind all the Iroquois more closely to their English friends. What vengeance they would have taken on the French can only be inferred, as the next year the peace of Ryswick was concluded between the kings of France and England; the colonies of each were of course included, and their Indian allies accepted the arrangements of their white brethren. CHAPTER VII. FROM 1697 TO 1753. General Quiet— King William's Projects — Expulsion of the Jesuits — English Supremacy — The Si.x Nations — The Fur Trade — Traders at Oswego — The French on the Watch — Chonequeu — Ontario — A Dispute at the Falls — A Deed to King George — Meaning of Os- wego — The First Trading-Post — A French Protest — Punctilio in the Woods — Dutch Adventurers — Gov. Clarke's Opinion — A Wall at Oswego — Two Relies — Sir William Johnson in the Oswego Trade — War — Rumors — The Black Prince — Rumors without Fighting — Peace — Picquet's Opini()n — Mutual Accusations — Buy- ing Oneida Lake — Oswego Rebuilt — Approach of War. Foe the next twenty-five years afler the peace of Rys- wick there is very little to relate regarding the county of Oswego. Eagle-eyed Kinp; William the Tliird saw the military importance of the locality, and ordered a fort to be built at the mouth of the river. The plate and furniture for the chapel of the intended po.st was sent to America, but the death of the vigilant king put an end to the project. Notwithstanding the punishment inflicted by the French on the Iroquois^ no sooner was that peace concluded than the adroit French Jesuits again began to make their way up the O.swego, the Oneida, and the Seneca, and establish themselves in the villages of the Five Nations. They were found there by the English and Dutch traders from New York, the jealousj- of the English authorities was aroused, and in 1700 an act of the Colonial Assembly forbade any popish priest from coming into the colony, under penalty of death. The French would doubtless have denied that the Jesuit missions among the Iroquois were in the colony of New York, but the act seems to have been effectual in frightening them away, and their efforts in this section were finally abandoned. In 1702 the great European conflict known as " Queen Anne's war" broke out, but tbe Iroquois had made a treaty of peace with the Canadian Indians, and for many years both sides maintained it. Yet in 1708 we find them again engaged in hostilities against the French, but not of enough importance, nor having sufficient relation to Oswego County, to merit attention here. By the peace of Utrecht, in 171.3, the supremacy over the Iroquois tribes was conceded to the English, but no definite boundaries were established. About the same time the Five Nations became the Six Nations. The Tuscaroras, a North Carolina tribe, defeated in war by the whites and the neighboring Indians, fled to New York, implored the protection of the Iroquois, and were received as members of that powerful confederacy. The Oneidas granted them a seat near to themselves. They are supposed to have been originally descended from the same stock as the other five tribes, and it is hardly probable that those haughty con- federates would otherwise have admitted them into their league. After the peace of Utrecht the English and Dutch traders pushed their excursions farther and farther among the Indians, rivaling the French in the boldness and skillful- ness of their search for furs. Coming up the Mohawk to the site of Rome, they bore their light canoes over the por- tage to Wood creek, thence passed down that stream to and through Oneida lake, and skirted the southern bounds of our county along the Oneida river to Three Rivers point. Thence some of them pursued their way up the Seneca river to the lakes from which it springs, others went down the Oswego to Lake Ontario, and often passed through that lake and far beyond, even to the foaming straits of Michili- mackinac and the fertile {)rairies of Illinois. The French, being the first traders in all those regions, were naturally jealous of the new-comers, and the latter were obliged to exercise constant watchfulness against the hostile intrigues of the former with the native tribes. As early as 1721, William Burnet, governor of New York, made an eftort to counteract the French by estab- lishing a post on Irondequoit bay, in the present county of Monroe. It does not, however, appear to have been sustained any considerable time. It is probably from this circumstance that several historians of the State of New York, followed by local writers, have stated that a trading-post or fort was built at Oswego in 1721 or 1722. No permanent establishment was really made until several years later ; but there appears to have been a considerable increase of the Indian trade at the mouth of the river. It became a point at which the " fur Indians," as they were called, congregated to market their furs, and very likely some temporary cabins were erected. The direct trade of the Engli.sh with the Indians was stimulated by a law passed by the provincial legislature of New York in 1721, forbidding the furnishing of Indian goods to the French in Canada. As the latter could not obtain those goods as cheap elsewhere as from the English, L'O IIISTOUV or OSWEGO corVTY. NKW VcMIK they lost a large part of their trade. Tiie New York im- porters were anjtry, but the small traders were deli;;lited, and hurried to and through Oswego, sure of having tho advan- tage over their French rivals. As early as 1724 the French received infuriuatiun that tlie Knglish had projected an estahli-shmcnt at the mouth of the river; Itut in the following May Monsieur do Longuoil. a French officer, after making a reconiioi.ssance, reported to his superiors that there was as yet no trading-post at that point. This is the first mention wo meet with the name •' Choneguen" (or Chonaguen), which was ever after, as long as the French held possession of Canada, applied to the gi-ound now covered by Oswego city, and sometimes to the river which there ent<;rs Lake Ontario. It had been adopted by them some time between 1690 and 1724; but the precise year and the meaning of the word arc alike unknown. In the French letters of 1725, too, we find for the first time the great lake which borders Oswego County on the north mentioned by its present euphonious appellation of Ontario, instead of those more or less outlandish ones, Skanadario, Cataracqui, Conty, Frontenac, etc , which it had jircviously borne. It is probably a contraction of Ske- nailario, and is supposed to moan beautiful water. But though Mcn.sieur de Longueil found no trading-post at the mouth of the river, he learned enough to alarm him in regard to English progress. At the portage around the falls he found no less than a hundred English and Dutch traders, with sixty canoes, who compelled him to exhibit his pas.sport, and showed an order from Governor Burnet that no Frenchman should be allowed to go by without one. De Longueil reproached some Iroquois chiefs, who were ]iros- ent, witli the insolence of the Engli.^h, telling the sachems they were not masters of their own lands. According to his report the Indians "flew out'' against the English, told them they would bear with them no longer, and that they had oiil}' permitted them to come there for the purpose of trade. De Longueil then passed on to the Onondaga village, where he met chiefs of all the tribes in council. They gave him pcrinLssioii to place two small vessels on Lake Ontario, and to build a stone house at Niagara, a post which had long been abandoned by the French, though they had lately had a trading estalilishmont at Lcwiston. This house, or fort, was immediately begun and finished the next year, 1726, when the two vessels were also built. That year the English and Dutch traders gathered at Choneguen (Oswego) to the number of three hundred, where they remained all summer, carrying on a tliriving trade with the Indians both of the vicinity and of tiio fiir west. Monsieur do Longueil sent ordt'rs from Frontenac to his son, the Chevalier de Longueil, commanding at Ni- agara, not to return until the English .should leave Chone- guen, and to plunder any of their canoes which he might find on the lake. In September the son replied there were no more English at Choneguen, nor on the lake, nor in the river, and promised that if he met any of their canoes he would piously fulfill the parental command. The wrath of the Jiotjiiois at the Engli.sh, described by De Longueil, could not have been very strong nor very general, for in this year (1726) seven of the principal sachems of the Oiiondngas, Cuyngas, and Senecas made a deed of trust to the king of England and his sucoe.s.sors of their lands, extending in a belt of sixty miles wide, and in length running from Caynunghage (probably the same as Keyonanouague, La Famine, or Salmon river) all along Lake Ontario, the Niagara river, and the lake Oswego, to tlie creek called Canahoguo, which we take to be the same as Cuyaliogji. Besides this land, the deed included their " beaver hunting-grounds," — a tract of undcscribed bound- aries and indefinite extent. It will be seen that at one time Lake Erie was called Os- wego for " Okswego," as it is put down on an old map in Colden's History of the Five Nations). The name seems to have sprung up suddenly in two widely separate places, for it was not till the next year that it is known to have been used in regard to the point to which it is now ap- plied. The meaning of the word has been rendered many ditforent ways, the most plausible being " flowing-water" and " boundless view." The latter ap|)ollation would apply to any of the great lakes, and would best account for the curious coincidence just mentioned. But it is very uncer- tain ; there is a great deal of indefinitcness about everything pertaining to an Indian except his tomahawk. It may be doubted, for instance, whether the seven chiefs above mentioned had any authority to give a deed to George the First of the lands, the ea.stlos, the corn-fields, and the " beaver hunting-grounds" of these throe nations. They were, however, only given in trust, to bp protected by the king for the use of their red owners forever. In all proba- bility it Wiis a scheme devi.sed bj' the English officials to get an acknowledgment of the king's authority over the land in question, so as to " head ofi"" the French in their cease- less efforts to extend their sway. The eastern line of the tract in question, running south from Caynunghage or La Famine, traversed the county of Oswego nearly in the middle, leaving the eastern half in the possession of the Oneidus. Early in the spring of the next year (1727) Governor Burnet sent a body of workmen to build a " stone house of strength" at Oswego, and they were .soon followed by a detachment of sixty soldiers, with three officers, to defend them from any interruption by the French. The newfort, for such it might be called, w;i.s situated on the west bank of the river, close to its mouth, having walls of large stone four feet thick, which the governor declared capable of re- sisting anv arms which the French were likely to bring against it. A French account, written while the post was being built, states that thoro wore then about seventy Engli.sh and Dutch cabins on the river-shore, showing the rapidity with which the fur trade was developing. In Governor Burnet's report to the Englisli board of trade is found the first mention which we liavo seen of the name " Oswego" as applied to the point in question. Hence- forth it was invariably called by that name by the English, while the French just as invariably called it " Choneguen," a word which comes to light in French doeuinonts at the same time. The earlier French only spoke of the mouth of the " Onnontaguc" river. The French pronunciation, HISTOllY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 21 as iieav as can be represented by English letters, would be " Shoo-ay-gwang." We are informed that the original pro- nunciation of Oswego, down to the beginning of this cen- tury was "Oswaygo," and it is quite probable that Oswego and Choueguen — alias Os-way-go and Shoo-ay-gwang — were derived from the same Indian word, modified by Gallic and Saxon lips. This view is strengthened by the fact that the place the English called Oswcgatchie the French called Chouegachie. Governor Burnet was quite proud of his achievement, declaring it to be the best thing that had ever been done to check the French, keep the Six Nations under English in- fluence, and promote trade with the remote Indians. He was most unquestionably correct. The position of Oswego at the outlet of the large and fertile territory drained by the Oswego river and its branches, in which all but one of the Six Nations dwelt, together with its accessibility from the Mohawk valley, made it altogether the most important post the English had west of the Hudson, and such it re- mained to the time of the capture of Canada. The only wonder is that the French, with their control of the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario, had not secured this important location in advance of their rivals. It is quite probable that, had they done so, it would have made a serious differ- ence in the subsequent contests between the English and the French. The Marquis do Beauharnais, then gov'ernor-general of Canada, was much chagrined at Burnet's proceedings, and in July sent an officer to him with a protest, and another to the commandant at Oswego, demanding that he should forthwith at)an(l(in the place and destroy the fortification. The latter officer of course paid no attention to the request. The governor replied to Monsieur d(^ Beauharnais, repi'oach- ing him with having first built Niagara, and declaring, truly enough, that according to the treaty of Utrecht the Five Nations were admitted to be subjects of Great Britain. This was a good answer to the French, but the Five Na- tions themselves might not have adujired that clause of the treaty. After the fortification was completed the garri.son was reduced to a lieutenant and twenty men. An incident that occurred in the summer of 1728 illus- trates-the jealous ceremony with which the officials of the rival nations conducted themselves towards each other iu the wilds of America, partly out of mere punctilio, and partly because every ceremony might involve the title to a large tract of land. A French subordinate, bearing the formidable appellation of Monsieur de la Chauvignerie, was sent on a mission to the IniqtKjis. Coa.sting along the eastern and southern sliores of Lake Ontario, he arrived at Oswego, having sent a messenger in advance to the Ononihiijus. At Oswego he landed and jiitchcd his tent. Some Indians came to iiim from the commandant of the little fortress, to demand tiiat lie .should salute with a salvo of mn.-iketry and lower his flag. This ho would not do. The Indians wiio accomjia- nied De la Chauvignerie visited the commandant and were presented with a sujjply of rum, wliereupon (hey all got .so drunk that the Frenchman was obliged to remain three days under the guns of the fort. In spite, however, of another summons he would not strike his flag, but kept it flying night and day, though the usual custom was to lower it at sunset. On his departing up the river the summons was again repeated, and an Onondaga chief unfurled a British flag over one of De la Chauvignerie's boats. But the officer would not start until it was furled, and as neither .side would salute first that important ceremony was entirely omitted. The Oiwndagas were at a loss what to say, as they claimed the land them.selves, but felt constrained to acknowledge the supremacy of the fortress. The English would not go so far as to fire on the boats, and so the plucky Frenchman had his way. Notwithstanding continued efforts on the part of both English and French to gain increased ascendency over the Indians, and the occasional erection of a fortress on doubt- ful ground, there was .substantial peace between the two nations for sixteen years more. During this time Oswego continued to be garrisoned by a lieutenant and from twenty to twenty-five men ; but the smallness of the force was no measure of the importance of the post. Every summer hundreds of traders from the banks of the Hudson assem- bled there, some remaining to trade with the Indians who came thither for that purpose, others pushing still farther on. The Indian trade was the great field of adventure in which the young men of the colony of New l''ork sought to lay the foundations of their fortunes. Mrs. Grant, in that pleasant sketch of ante-Revolutionary times in the vicinity of Albany entitled " Memoirs of an American Lady," says that as soon as a young Albanian fell in love, which he generally did at seventeen or eighteen years of age, he prepared to support a family by going on a trading expedition. He asked of his father only forty or fifty dollars in money, a canoe, and a young negro attendant. Loading his frail vessel with Indian goods, taking care to have a good supply of strong liquors, he and his dark assistant set forth on a voyage as jierilous as that of Jason, amid the tears of his female friends, and especially of the damsel who knew herself to be the object of these laborious and dangerous exertions. Tiiere were several routes pur- sued, but the principal one was to Oswego, whence tlje adventurers scattered in every direction. The profits were large, and if the young lover saved his scalp, one or two trips would enable him to buy a farm or start a country store, and settle down into the placid life of a Dutch burgher with his chosen dulcinea. The more extensive traders used bateaux, a bateau being a light, flat-bottomed boat running to a point at each end, generally carrying about fifteen hundred pounds, and propelled by two men with paddles in deep water and setting-poles in shallow. For several years the garrison of the little post was victualled by Albany contractors at about twelve hundred dollars per year. In 1733 nearly fifty traders sent a peti- tion to the then governor, Colonel Crosby, setting forth that the commandant of the garri.son laid improper restrictions on trade, and the a.^sembly recpiested the governor tork, which they ]ireseiitcd to their guests. They appeared well jileased with the gift, but among themselves they grumbled much at the cuvctousuess HISTOllY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 23 of the Englishmen. The next day they came again to the fort, when the interpreter himself treated them with a dram apiece, and gave them a two-gallon cask of li((uor to drink the health of the king and queen at Montreal. As Weiser then returned to Onondaga, it is very doubtful whether the cask remained unbroached until the Black Prince and his companions reached the capital of Canada. The oflBcers seem to have made no effort to prevent the Indians from visiting the French, even in time of war, which shows that the English claims of .sovereignty over the Six Nations were not considered as involving much active control. In fact, the Six Nations remained substan- tially neutral thoughout the conflict which raged from 1744 to 1748, though perhaps occasionally a small party went upon the war-path. In 1745, William John.?on, the successful fur-trader be- fore mentioned, was commissioned colonel of the New York militia, and in 174G he was appointed sujierintendeut of Indian affairs for the Six Nations. lie was also about the same time selected as contractor to supply the troops at Oswego, on condition that he should receive no higher prices during the war than had been paid in time of peace. This was the first appearance in public affairs of one who, until the day of his death, nearly thirty years later, exercised an immense influence in the colony of New York. A coarse- minded, uncultured man, but energetic, clear-headed, and fair-dealing, he was well fitted to manage the rude warriors and scarcely less rude frontiersmen with whom he was con- stantly brought in contact. He had already made himself a great favorite with the Mo/kiiv/cx, who looked up to him as a father (as many of the children had a right to do), and he soon acquired almost as great an influence over the other Iroquois tribes. They called him W(trr5,sembly on t]u> other. In this year (1751) the council passed a bill applying five hundred pounds to the repair of O.swego and the conduct of Indian affairs, but the assem- bly voted this passage of a " money bilf by tlu' upper house a high breach of privilege, and were soon after dis- solved. Before that occurred, however, their attention was called to another Oswego matter. They called for an account from the commissioni'rs of the Oswego duties. John De Pey.ster, one of their number, sent in a return, showing the collection of eleven hundred and forty-five pounds for the four years closing with September, 1750. His report for 1751 was nine hundred and forty pounds. Johnson wrote to Clinton that there was some " cureed vil- lainy" about the Oswego duties, but that it would be hard to ferret it out. He as.-^erted that De Pevster had admitted receiving over one thousand pounds in 1749, immediately after the war, and that the remaining one hundred and forty-five pounds would by no means cover the receipts of 175t(, to say nothing of the smaller sums collected during the two last years of the war. From all the circumstances it ."cenis (juite certain that the duties would average some twenty-five hundred dollars per year. In 1752 the assembly finally provided for rebuilding the post at Oswego, which was said to be in a ruinous condi- tion. The next year there began to be serious apprehen- sions of further difficulties with France. Strange as it may seem, notwithstanding all the wars which had raged, and all the treaties which had been made between France and Kngland since they had founded colonies in America, no definite boundary lines had been agreed ujion between their respective possessions on that continent. It seemed as if at every treaty each nation hoped that the fortunes of peace or war would give it a larger slice of American terri- tory than it could then lay claim to. In peace the English colonies increased in population with ten times the rapidity of the French, but the latter were much the more enter- prising in estiiblishing post^ in the wilderness. At this time they were taking mca.sures to form a line of forts from their pos.s well as sails, and armed with twelve swivels, was launched on the 28fh of June following, and was tlie fir.st Engli.sh vessel on Lake Ontario. Meanwhile, Shirley gathered .some three hundred more ship-carpenters, whom he sent to Oswego in June to build vessels enough to command the lake and convey his army * Sir William PcppcrcH, lieutenant-general in his majesty's ser- vice, was born in Maine, and was l>red a luerchant. He rose to tlio lii;;hcst military homir.s. The king, in reward of his services, con- ferred upon him the dignity of a baronet, an honor never before, or .«ince, conferred upon a native of New England, lie died at his scat 111 Kittcry, Maine, IT.iil, aged sixty-three years. — /'uIIci-'h IHtluri/ (ind Aiiti/ the Norlhcru lilutei, IS44. to Niagara. The raising, equipping, and moving of that army, though it was to con.sist of only three regiments and some independent companies, was a work of time. Jeal- ousies arose between Governor Shirley and General John- son, and the former accused the latter of preventing the cordial co-operation of the St.'f Nations. Shirley probably lacked tlic tact to manage the Indian.s, and perhaps, not- withstanding his genius, was deficient in executive eipacity. In July, Colonel Schuyler's regiment of New Jersey troops was sent forward to Oswego, and in the forepart of August, Shirley embarked at Schenect;idy with his own and Sir William Pcpperell's regiments, .some independent companies, and a sufficient complement of artillery. Ju.st as he was doing so there came the news of the terrible de- feat of Braddock, almost at the gates of Fort Du((uesne, and the death of that most unfortunate general. The gov- ernor ^^as now commander-in-chief of all the British forces on the continent, but his men received a great shock from the disiual story, and the expedition set forth under the gloomiest auspices. Following the usual route, they pro- pelled their bateaux up the Mohawk, down Wood creek, through Oneida lake, and down the river of many rapids to Oswego, where they arrived on the 2 1st of August. There everything wore an animated aspect. Besides tlie schooner before mentioned, one or two other small vessels were already bearing the British flag upon Luke Ontario, and still others were under way. The work was pressed forward as speedily as possible, but no sooner were the ves- sels and boats ready than a .severe storm set in, which de- layed the embarkation for several days. It was not until the 26th of September that the six hun- dred men who were to attack Niagara went on board the craft intended to convey them thither. But storms and head-winds prevented their departure. For thirteen days more they remained at Oswego, ready to set forth if the weather abated, and then Shirley saw that the expedition must be deferred. Many of his men were sick, all were thoroughly discouraged, and the few Indians whom ho had induced to accompany him soon deserted what appeared to be the failing cause. Determined to prosecute his darling scheme the next year, the governor placed Colonel Mercer in command of the forces, gave orders for the erection of two new forts, and returned to Albany. Mercer immediately set his troops at work constructing the fortifications ordered by Shirley. On the east side of the river, about a ([uarter of a mile from Fort Oswego, a work was built which received the name of Fort Ontario, a name which has ever since been applied to some fortifica- tion on substantially the same site. It was about two hun- dred feet square, built of logs from twenty to thirty inches in diameter, set up on end in stockade form, and banked up with earth so as to make a wall fourteen feet in height. Outside was a ditch fourteen feet wide and ten feet deep. Inside, barracks were built for three hundred men. The work was intended to mount sixteen guns. It was proba- bly not finished until the spring of 175(5. At the same time with Fort Ontario another fortification was begun on the hill west of Fort Oswego, exactly on the site of the house erected by the late F. T. Carrington. It was intended to prevent Fort Oswego from being com- 20 HISTdKV (IF OSWEGO COLMV, xNKW VOl'.K. iiiaiided from llie rear, and was lo W a hundred and seventy feet !, tlie wall bciiig a rampart of earth and stone, twenty I'fet thick and twelve feet hij^h, surrounded by a ditcli and crowned by a parapet. This work was never fin- ished. It was sometimes culled Fort (Jeorfic and sometimes New Fort Oswego. This latter fort was al.so strengthened by Mercer. The French imagined that its name was Fort Peppercll, and so designated it on some of their plans, but it does not appear that the English ever called it by any other name than Fort Oswego. Meanwhile, General Johnson, in his march against Crown Point, being threatened by Baron Dieskau, threw up intrenehnieiits, and when the latter made an attack he was repuLsed with heavy loss. Johnson neglected to take any advantage of his victory, and did not even attempt to capture Crown I'oint, tlie sole object of his expedition. His success, however, was the only one of the year; so the home government rewarded him with a colonelcy in the regular army, the jK^rnianent superiiitCTKlency of all the northern Indians, a grant of five thousand jiounds sterling, and a baronetcy, and he was thereafter known as Sir Wil- liam Johnson, — a very proper recognition of the extraordi- nary character o( tniy English victory in America. Shirley, as commander-in-chief, summoned another coun- cil of provincial governors at Albany in December, and again proposed his pet scheme of making Lake Ontario the main theatre of military operations. He desired that five thousand troops, most of theiu to be rai.sed by the colonies, should rendezvous at Oswego in the spring, and thence ])roc('cd to the capture of Frontenac and Niagara, and the complete .severance of the French line of communications. Wis plan was the right one, but iiis previous failures to carry his fine schemes into execution were causing his star to jiale before the ri.sing light of the new baronet, and very little heed was paid to his suggestions. The spring of 1756 opened from the first with omens of disaster to the English cau.se. The new conmiander-in- chief of the French forces was the Marquis de i^Iontcalm, one of the very bravest soldiers and ablest generals who ever trod the soil of America, while the selection of the English court fell on the Earl of Loudon, probably the most thoroughly stupid, indolent, and incompetent man to whom were ever intrusted the destinies of a continent, devoid alike of the theoretical skill of Shirley, the rude vigor of Johnson, and the bull-dog courage of Braddock. In March a French lieutenant, with a mixed part}' of regulars, Canadians, and Indians, marched through the wil- derness from Ogdensburgh, and captured F'ort Bull, one of the two posts wbicli guarded the great Oneida carrying- )p|aee from the Mohawk river to Wood creek ; killing mo.sl of its garrison, destroying a large quantity of stores, and startling the troops at Oswego with a sense of the great insecurity of their slender line of communications. Shirley did all he could to strengthen that important post. He had early ordered the building of three new vessels there, carrying respectively twelve, sixteen, and eighteen guns. He organized a great number of bateau- men, in compatiies of fitly each (comjios<'d largely of those formerly engaged in the Albany and Oswego fur-trade), to transport army supjilies and naval stores to Lake Outario. These were all placed under Colonel Bradstrcet, a vigilant officer of the quartermaster's department, then rapidly rising into prominence. Soon, however, the governor was relieved from military duty, though neither the Earl of Loudon, who was to com- mand in chief, nor General Abercrombie, who was to have charge of the northern army, had yet arrived from Europe. Even after his removal, Shirley held a council of war at Albany, at which he recounted what he had done to strengthen Oswego and obtain complete possession of L:ike Ontario, and urged that four companies of scouts, of sixty men each, should be raised to keep open the communication with his favorite post. In modern jihrase, the governor of JIit*sachusetts had Oswego on the brain. But he spake to deaf ears and dull brains. Meanwhile De Vaudreuil, the governor-general of Canada, and De Montcalm, the commander ol' the forces, kej)t ears and eyes wide open, and brains and hands very busy. As soon as spring had fairly opened, the Sieur de Villiers, a captain in the colonial .service, was sent with seven hundred men to keep watch of Oswego, furnish information regard- ing it, hara.ss its communications, and capture su]iplies. This De Villiers was the same entcrprisiTig oflicer who had previously been operating in the vicinitj' of Fort Duquesne, and who had compelled the surrender of Fort Necessity by Major GeturiTig three. A body of .soldiers was instantly sent out, but the wily assailants retreated into the forest so quickly that not even a sight of a living Frenchman was obtained, though the pursuers found one dead one, whom ihcy scalped and threw into the river. Scalping seems to have been the fashion on both sides at (hat time. A few days later a very large amount of su]iplies came through in two hundred bateaux and two hundred whale- boats, managed by about a lliou.sjuid men, probably under command of Bradstreet, though there is no record to that eflect. In passing over the falls two bateaux and two whale-boats were lost, and four men drowned. Pursuing their toiLsome way, most of them soon reached the ]iost, but some were detained at the reels, two miles above. On the HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. morning of the 17th a lieutenant named Blair, willi twenty- four men, was sent up to guard the boats at the reefs. He was vet on his way when he was attacked by one of De Villiers' scouting-parties. Wounded at the first fire, the young officer continued to encourage his men, but was soon struck by a second bullet and slain. The men, under a sergeant, maintained their ground, and in a short time wore relieved by a force from the fort. One soldier was killed and another wounded, i)esides a Milliard: Indian killed and a ship-carpenter wounr eij;ht of" their Tot's. A do»-n more bateau-men came to Br.idstnot's aid, and the Indians were likely to be destroyed, when De Villiers placed hini-self at the head of fifty Canadians, and waded thrtiuj;h the strt^im to the relief of his alliis. A very sharp conflict now ensued between the detach- ments under the two commanders, and the bullets flew thick amon^ the trees on the little island. Whenever a man fell, if his slayer could n-.ieh him, he was forthwith scalped, and a yell of triumph arose fioiu the throat of the victor. Among those who fell wounded was a French Canadian, whom an enraged bateau-man at once lifted his tomahawk to dispatch. Cajilain l^chuyler interposed, s;ived his life, and bade him consider himself his prisoner. As Bradstreet and his men acted on the defensive, and i-aroly left the shelter of their triHiS, they were enabled a third time to drive hack the as.sailants, and De Villiers soon re- treated to the main-land. As the French report puts it, he rescued the endanj:ercd Indians and retired ; but, from a perusal of both accounts, we have no doubt that he was really defeated at every point, though he captured a few prisoners. The conflict on the island lasted about an hour. Meanwhile the bateati-mcn had fastened their boats to the western shore, had been formed in line bj' their sub- ordinate leadei-s, and were exchanging shots with the enemy acro.ss the river. Leaving a detachment thus engaged, De Villiers marched with his main force to ford the river a mile farther up, and fall on Hradstreet's rear. The latter ]perceived the movement, and at once transferred his force from the island to the main-land to frustrate it. There W!LS hut one bateau available, and this was crowded with English wounded. Schuyler's dis;ibled jirisonor begged to be taken with them, but was refused. "Then," he exclaimed, in accents of despair, "then fling me into the river, so I may die (juickly ; do not leave mo here to perish of hunger and thirst." The gallant and humane Schuyler could not endure this distressing appeal. Giving his coat and weapons to a com- rade, he supported the wounded Frenchman with one arm, and with the other swam across the rushing current to the mainland. He gave the wounded man in charge of Dr. Kirkland, the surgeon of the expedition, under who.se care he finally recovered. Twenty years afterwards, when Major-fJencral I'hilip Schuyler was commander of the norlhern department of the Continental army, a portion of which Was invading Canada, the poor Canadian, though caring little for the political questions involved, yet joined the American forces, that he might once more meet the man who had twice saved his life on Battle island. On reaching the maiu-laiid, Bradstrcet, still accompanied by Schuyler, at once set forth with two hundri^d and fifty men to meet the French. Ca|>tain John Butler, afterwards tlie celebrated Tory leader during the Revolution, was left in charge of the remaining men to guartl the bateaux. On Biad.st reel's arrival at the destined point, he found that De Villiers had already forded the river, and taken possession of a pine swamp on the west side, at the outlet of Lake Neahlawanla. Bradstrcet engaged them, and an action an hour long took placr, all fighting from behind trees, Indian fashion. Finally, the commander of tlie Americans led his men into the swamji and drove the enemy to the river, where many of them were killed in crossing it. The French and Indians then fled in gnsit haste, bc-aring twenty-six scalps, taking along a few prisoners, and having wounded twenty-six batciiu-men, but without destroying a single one of the bateaux, and leaving the ground strewn with abandoned muskets and blankets. It was reported that a patrol from Oswego found .seventy-four French and Indians killed, but that was probably an exaggeration. While the bateau-men were congratulating themselves on the victory, the drums of advancing infantry were heard, and a company of grenadiers of Shirley's regiment marched up from tlie south, being on their way to .strengtlien Oswego. A report of the facts being forwarded to Colonel Mercer, the latter sent up two hundred men, with whom and the grenadiers Bradstreet proposed to pursue the enemy the next morning. A severe rain, however, prevented, and it would jirobably have l>een u.selcss, as the foe was doubtless by that time in his boats and on his way to Henderson bay. The Eilglish snppoi^cd that tlic French had a per- manent cauip about twelve miles ea.st of Oswego, but this was a mi.stake. De Villiers' head(|uarters were all the while at Henderson bay. Bradstreet hastened b.ack to Albany, where he arrived about the Kith of July, anil immediately iin|Hirlniied Gen- eral Abercrombie, who had arrived in the month of June, to send reinforcements to Oswego. Sir William Johnson, also, who had lat*;l}' jiersuaded the Six Nations to consent to the laying out of a military road to that post, declared that his influence over them would be gone if Oswego should be taken. Governor .Shirley, tix), who, though de- prived of military rank, still remained near the border, re- iterated the necessity of sustaining his darling fortress. All was u.seless. Abercromhie billeted his troops at Albany and began fortifying that town, as if expecting that the far inferior forces of the French would soon be at its gates. On the 2'Jth of July his excellency the Earl of Loudon, commander-in-chief of his majesty's forces in America, ar- rived in Albany to begin his campaign. He, too, refu.sed to aid Oswego, and made .some feeble preparations to atUick Crown Point. At length, however, the representations of everybody who knew anything of American matters in- duced him to order Colonel Webb, with a brigade of troops, to march to the relief of the endangered fortress. Doling all this time that vigilant chief I'ield-Marshal tilt! .NIari|uis de Montcalm, was doing all that lay in human power to take advanUige of the blunders of his foes, and to remedy by his genius the smallness of his force. Every expo.sed point of his own was guarded, every exposed point of the enemy was watched, and his communications were kept up, .so that he could strike at whatever locality might show the best jirospeet of success. Determined to destroy, if po.ssible, the long-dctcstcd HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 29 Chouenuen, he made his preparations at once to carry out his purpose and to conceal it from the English. Rigaud de Vaudreuii, governor of the Canadian department of Tiirca Rivers, was sent with a fresh body of colonial troops and Indians to take command of De Villicrs' camp, on Henderson bay, where ho must have arrived about the time that vigilant partism retunu'd from his attack on Brad- street. The battalion of Boarn was recalled from Niagara to Frontenac. Colonel De Bourlamaque, at the latter post, was ordered to make preparations for forwarding an army. Descombles, an engineer, was sent forward witii an escort to reconnoitre Oswego, and then on the 27th of June the marquis set out from Montreal for Crown Point and Tieon- deroga. Here he was very active for a few days, and his presence soon became known to the English, and was probably one of the inducements for the dull-witted Abercrombie to for- tify Albany. Having made the necessary preparations for the defense of the Lake Cliamplain route, and sufficiently advertised his presence there, De IMontcalm set out for Montreal on the 15th of July. Urging his sinewy oarsmen to their best endeavors, his bateau sped down Lake Cham- plain and the river St. Johns, and on the 19th he reached the capital of Canada. One day was devoted to a final conference with the governor-general. On the 21.st the commander-in-chief was again afloat. Despite the rapids which made the St. Lawrence so tedious to ascend, he re;ichcd Fort Frontenac on the 29tli. In six days he or- ganized his army, made sure of its complete equipment, and .set forth with the first division. On the 6th- of August they arrived at Henderson bay, which had been designated as the final rendezvous, and on the 8th were followed thither by the second division. Despite all his endeavors, the marquis could muster hardly three thousand men for this important expedition. The l"lnglisli afterwards exaggerated the number to five or six thousand, to cover the disgrace of their defeat, but French writers state it at scant three thousand, and from the details they give we have no doubt that that is substan- tially correct. Of these the three European battalions of La Sarre, Guienne, and Beam numbered about thirteen hundred, the Canadians nearlj" a thousand, and the Indians probably about five hundred. De Montcalm, however, had taken good care that there should bo in addition an excel- lent train of artillery, which, with its eiiuipnicnts and the supplies, occupied eighty of the strongest bateaux. The same day (August 8) that the last division arrived at Henderson bay, the marquis sent forward the vanguard, under Rigaud de Vaudreuii. They rowed all night, in order to conceal themselves from the English, and early the next morning reached their temporary destination, a ]ilace called "L'Anse aux Cabanos," — Cabin cove. This point is stated by a French writer to have been three French leagues (seven and a half miles) from Oswego, and the attendant circum.stancos show that the statement was nearly correct. That would fix the locality at one of the indentures in the shore, in the northwest corner of the town of Scriba. The editor of the Documentary History of New York locates "L'An.sc aux Cabancs" at Sandy Creek bay, lint that is entirely out of the qucstiim. The first division, however, under Do Montcalm in person, went from Henderson bay to Sandy Creek bay the night of the 8th, and bivouacked at the latter place all day of the 9th. At nightfall they again set forth, and reached Cabin cove at two o'clock the morning of the 10th. They had four cannon with them, but the most of the artillery was with the second division, which followed more slowly. At six o'clock, the morning of the lOth, the vanguard set forth through the woods, reaching the lake again at a cove which the French accounts locate only a mile and a half from Fort Ontario, and consequently just within the present limits of Oswego city. There is a projection into the lake, however, just east of the city limits, and it is probable that behind that projection was the cove that shel- tered the invaders. Here the vanguard remained perfectly quiet all day, without the English having apparently the slightest suspicion of their presence. Aft<;r dark De MonU calm, with the first division, rowed cautiously along the shore, reaching at midnight the cove where the vanguard waited ready to cover their landing. The four cannon were at once landed, and formed in a battery looking out upon the lake, the bateaux were fastened to the shore, and the wearied soldiers flung themselves down on the beach for a few hours' rest. At three o'clock in the morning, Descombles, the chief engineer, went forward to the edge of the forest to recon- noitre the forts, the object of all this preparation. Return- ing ere it was fairly light, he was mistaken by an Indian for an Englishman, shot, and instantly killed. The French movement could no longer be concealed. As day began to break the Canadians and Indians were pushed forward to within two hundred rods of Fort Ontario, forming a curved line of investment from the lake to the river. Many of the Indians skulked among the stumps of the clearing, and opened fire on the astonished soldiers as they appeared on the walls of the fortress. This seems to have been the first indication that the English had that a French army was anywhei-e this .side of Montreal. The fire was returned from the garrison, but even yet they did not know but that the assailants were merely some of De Villicrs' rangers renewing their old tricks. Sieur Desandronius, the only surviving engineer, designated the route for a road for the cannon through the woods, and the laborers began work on it at eleven o'clock. At noon Commodore Barclay with his three vessels sailed out of port. Discovering the right of the French camp near the landing-place, he fired a few fruitless shots at it, but WIS easily driven off by the battery before mentioned. All the afternoon the soldiers worked at the road for the artillery, and continued their labors far into the night to complete it. The force in the three fortifications which the Marquis de Montcalm was about to attack had been somewhat in- creased during the spring, and now numbered about fifteen hundred men. Of these, the main strength was in the regiments known as "Shirley's" and " Peppcrell's." They were otherwise designated as the first and second royal American regiments, being a portion of the British regular army, but raised principally in America. Their colonels, whose names they bore, were Governor Shirley and Sir ■AU iiisToitv (»!•• ()s\VEt;o corv'i'v m;\v vouk. \\'illiain Pcpperell, but, as was the case with uiost colonels in the Briti.sli army, they did not wrve with llii;ir ref;inients. lVp[)erull's was eoniiiiaiided liy Jiieutciiant-fiilonel Mercer, who was also cuiiiiuaiider of the post, and Shirley's by Lieutenant-Colonel Lilllehales. These two rc<;inicnt8 had seen ser\'ice in Europe, but had been s<'nt to America on the outbreak of hostilities here. They had been much de- pleted, but numbered together about nine hundred men fit for duty. There was also a weiik n'ljiniciit of New .Icrscy militia under Colonel Schuyler, a relative of Captain Philip Schuy- ler, contaiuing about two hundred men ; two or three inde- jiendent companies, iiumberitif: ]ierhaps a hundred more, besides some three hundred carpenters, laborers, sailors, etc., will, were trained to manage the guus and otherwise aid the defense. It was not until the morning of the 12th that the second division of De Montcalm's army arrived with ilu- numerous bateaux laden with the artillery and jirovisions. A large ))iU-t (if this artillery had been raptured from the unlucky JJraddock the year before. Both artillery and supplies were uidoaded duiing the foivnoon, right under the eyes of Commodore Barclay, who was cruising off shore with his three vessels. The commodore showed a very apathetic spirit throughout the whole affair. He might have done the French greht, perhaps irreparable, damage while they were landing, and ought to have risked the destruction of his vessels to do it. J}ut they Were allowed to carr}' on their preparations without interruption from the ships, Montcalm pushing them forward with indefatigable energy. As engineer Desandronius was a young, inexperienced man. Captain Pouchot, of the Beam regiment, who was also an engineer, was directed to take charge of the opera- tions. This was the same able officer to whose memoirs of the war of 1754-60 we are largely indebted for information regarding the operations in Oswego County. Firing was kept up briskly from Fort Ontario through- out the day, but at eleven o'clock at night it ceased. It was not until midnight that the French were ready to begin work on the trenches, and then hibor was at once com- menced in the darkness, among the stumps, and continued until daylight. In this time a parallel six hundred feet long had been erected within a little over five hundred feet from Fort Ontario. The French now ^pencd a heavy fire on the fort, which responded to them through the fore- noon, but with constantly decreasing energy. At three in the afternoon the watchful Fn'nehmen observed a great commotion between the fort and the river, and in a few moments it was evident that Fort Ontario was being evacu- ated. Colonel ."Mercer sent over some whale-boats for the purpose, and in great disorder the garrison Jiassed to the other side. They were so well protected by the guns of Fort Oswego that the French were not able to do them any serious damage in their retreat. Only four men had been killed and wounded in Fort Ontario. Perhaps, in view of the suiall size of his force. Colonel .fiercer was justified in contracting his lines, but the movement greatly encouraged the French, and correspondingly depressed the Knglish. Eight small cannon and four mortars were left in the de- serted fortress, which was at once taken jio.ssessiou of by the joyful French, while their red allies made the woods re-echo with their yells of triumph, striking terror into all the timorous hearts in the Ixjleagured garrison. Merc-er soon sent Pepperell's regiment and a hundred of Smiley 's to reinforce Colonel Schuyler at the redoubt on the hill, where they weiv employed during the day in cut- j ting down the bushes which afforded a cover for assailant-s, ' and making other jireparations against an attack. All day De Montcalm jireKsed on the siege with renewed vigor. A small, lithe, active man, as rapid of speech as of motion, the manpiis hurried to and fro, regiirdless of dan- gi-r, 8U|)ervising everything, pouring out wjnsurc or prai.s*; as occasion re(piired, and infusing his own impetuous spirit into all his men. The guns of Fort Ontario were turned upon Fort Oswego. The south end of the new trench was curved to the we.^t and carried down to the river's edge, where at nightfall a battery wjis erected, designed to beat down the walls of Fort O.swego, and also reach the line of communication between that and Fort George. Darkness only inerexsed the labor. The whole army was set at work, and twenty cannon were carried in their arms (a Herculean task) to the places designed for them. At daylight the ever-active Montcalm ordered Kigaud de Vaudrcuil, with his Canadians and Indians, to cross the river a little way uji, occupy the woods on the other side, and harass the English rear. The gidlant parti.^an imme- diatel}' flung himself into the foaming stream and made his waj' across it, followed by the whole body of provincials and savages, some swimming, some in water to waist or neck, but all successful iu reaching the western shore. They took positions in the edge of the forest, and made a target of every Engli.shman who showed his head above the parapets. At six o'clock Montcalm had nine heavy guns ready for use in his new battery, and then the g-ame commenced in earnest. This was the most serious fighting during the siege. The roar of the heavy battery resounded through the forest and rolled out upon the lake; other French guns in various lociitions added to the din. The Engli.>h res]X)nded with the fire of twelve cannon and four mortars, while the yells of the furious Indians in the forest added to the terrors of the .scene. One of the Knglish mortars burst. Soon aHerwards, ajid between eight and nine o'clock. Colonel Mercer was killed while gallantly directing the fire of the Engli.sh guns. The eommand devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel .lohn Liltleliales, who certainly .seems to have lost his head amid the terrible confusion reigning around. He ordered Colonel Sehuvler to abandon Fort (Jeorgt;, where Mercer had placed him, thus leaving Fort Oswego liable to be commanded from that importimt position. Two of Schuyler's men were killed while marching down. The firing was still kept up from Fi>rl Oswego ; but Littli'hales had evidently lost heart as well as head. He s( on called a council of the field-officers and captains, and they, taking their tone from their com- mander, ipiite readily agreed to a capitulation. A flag was sent to Montcalm, and after some parleying the forts were surrendered, the garri.son became prisoners of war, and not only all the ammunition, stores, etc., were yielded up, but HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NKVV YORK. 31 all the vessels, fiiiislied as well as unfinished, with twelve naval officers and nearly two hundred seamen. From a comparison of different accounts, it is (|uit-e cer- tain that at the time of" the surrender not over thirty of the Anglo- American force had been killed or wounded. The French loss was stated by themselves at thirty ; that of the English, who were sheltered, could not well have been larger. Several of Shirley's regiment who escaped fixed it at twenty-four, and the latter number is probably very near correct. The total number of men made prisoners was fifteen hundred and twenty, but of those, as has been said, several hundred were .sailors, carpenters, artificers, etc.; all of whom, however, worked the guns, or did other duty about the forts. There was an ample sujiply of provisions and ammunition, no less than twenty-three thousand pounds of powder being among the spoils gained by the victors ; and under all the circumstances the surrender must be considered highly discreditable to Colonel Little- hales. The victors themselves were surprised at the ease with which their triumph was gained. The French took iumiediate possession, and then fol- lowed one of those scenes so frequent in the old border wars of America, which sully the lustre of the brightest victory. Near one hundred of the captives were slain by the enraged Indians, and their scalps, torn from their man- gled remains, were borne to decorate the wigwams of their murderers on the banks of the St. Lawrence, the Ottawa, and Lake Huron. The massacre was at length stopped by the interposition of Montcalm ; but one cannot help think- ing that he must have known how the savages would act, and that he might have prevented their cruelties entirely if he had been very anxious to do so. It looks as if he thought it would cause disaffection if he prevented entirely their feast of blood, and did not interfere till they had been partially satiated. We are aware that it has been doubted whether any massacre was perpetrated, but all the statements point the same way. One French writer, who was present, says dis- tinctly that the Indians " perpetrated there a midtitude of horrors, and assassinated more than one hundred persons, included in the capitulation, without our being able to pre- vent them, or having the right to remonstrate with them." Another stated that one hundred and fifty English were killed and wounded, " including several soldiers, who, wish- ing to escape into the woods, fell into the hands of the Indians." Deducting thirty for the number killed and wounded in the fighting, leaves a hundred and twenty who fell beneath the savage tomahawks. This accords with the statement of the first-mentioned writer, that over u hun- dred were massacred. He said nothing about their at- tempted escape, and that was probably a mere excuse. Montcalm himself wrote that the savages attempted a mas- sacre, but that he prevented it. But that intervention did not take place until after many had been slain ; too late to clear the memory of Montcalm from the suspicion of con- nivance. There is reason to believe, too, that .some of the prisoners were reserved by the .savages for the still more lioi-rible fate of death by torture. Among the prisoners was Francis Jjcwis, afterwards a distinguished citizen of New Y^ork, and one of the .signers of the Declaration of Independence. His biography, together with that of Governor Morgan Lewis, has lately been published by his descendant, Mrs. Dclafield. There is one anecdote, which the authoress received from her grandfather, Morgan Lewis, and he from Francis Lewis, which bears directly on the question of the treatment of the Oswego prisoners. Although it comes to the public at third hand, yet the main facts are so impor- tant, and must have been so well known in the Lewis family, that there could hardly be any serious mistake ; and besides, in regard to the atrocities committed by the Indians, it harmonizes but too well with accounts derivetl from French sources. Mrs. Delafield says : " Montcalm allowed his Indian allies to select thirty prisoners as their share of the booty, and Lewis was one of the number. The Indians retreated northward. Towards the c!o.se of each day, when they found by the side of a mountain stream, or in a sheltered valley, a pleasant spot which invited them to rest and to feast, they lit their fires and celebrated their victory by the sacrifice of a captive. " The bloody rite was repeated so often that Lewis was certain of the fate awaiting him. He was not a man under any circumstances to lo.sc his presence of mind or to de- spair. He seemed to submit, watched, and waited. Two wariiors were selected as his guard. As the prisoner showed no disposition to escape, they were satisfied with binding his arms, allowing him to walk otherwise un- shackled while they beguiled the time talking together. " Presently words familiar to his childhood struck his ear. Acquainted with both the Gaelic aud Cymraeg dia- lects, it was easy for him to join in their conversation. It may be that Lewis was gifted with the power of controlling men, — it may be that his calm and dignified bearing had already had an influence upon the savages. When they found that there was the tie of a common language between them, he was no longer a prisoner,— he was treated as a friend and brother. They accompanied him to Montreal, recommended him to the protection of the governor, and requested that he might be permitted to return at once to his home. This permission, however, was not granted. He was sent to France in a cartel and exchanged." Lewis was a native of Wales, where he learned the " Cymraeg dialect ;" and it is suggested that the Indians might have acquired some knowledge of the Breton lan- guage, which is almost identical with the Welsh, from the French settlers at Cape Breton. It would be foreign to our purpose to enter into any discussion of this branch of the subject, but the story, coming from so distinguished a man as Francis Lewis, adds much to the evidence that a portion of the captured garrison of Oswego was mas.sacred by Montcalm's Indian allies. The Indians departed for their homes almost immedi- ately after the close of the siege. The main body of the French remained for a week. During that time the re- maining prisoners were sent away under guard ; the cap- tured supplies and artillery, as well as what the French had brought, W(Me shipped, and then the fortifications of Chou- aguen, so long an eye-sore to French officials, were razed U> the ground. The buildings were burned, and utter deso- lation reigned over the locality so long considered the bul- HISTORY OF OSWKliO C'OINTV, NEW YORK. Wiirk of the province of .\i:\v Vcik. (Jii tin- lil.st of Aujiust the victorious arm^ rc-cuitiarkni und returiiod to tlie bay of Niaoure. wlieiice the various corps were distrihutcd where their pre.sfnee w:ia needed, and the couiuuinder-in-chief proceeded to Montreal. The numbers eu;.,'aj;ed were small, but in every other re- spect this achievement of the Marijuis de Montcalm is entitled to rank as one of the most brilliant in the annals of war. From beginnin<; to end not a mi.*step was made. The concentration of forces at Fronlenau jind Niaoure, the cngjiging of the enemy's attention by the appe-arance of the uiaripiis on Lake (ictirj^e, his rapid return and advance up the St. Lawrence, the silent movement alon;,' the lake-shore in the night, the unloading the artillery in face of the enemy's fliiet. the amazing energy with wliieh the .-iege was pushed forward, and the vulor with which the example of the commander inspired his soldiers, all show the work of the nia.ster, and display in the clearest light the remarkable military genius of Field- Marshal the Manjuis de Montcalm. It is the more to be regretted that the suspicion of conniv- ing at cruelty mars the lustre of the brilliant achievement. Possibly that su.«picion is unfounded. Durnig all this while the English authorities were as stupid and dilatory as the French were skillful and ener- getic. We have mentioned that the Earl of Ixiudon had at length ordered Colonel Webb, with a brig-ade of troops, to march to the relief of 0.swego. That officer faithfully copying the example of his superiors, did not get his com- mand under motion from Albany till the lUth of August, two days before the surrender. On his way up the Mo- hawk he was met by an express bearing the news of the arrival of the French before the filled fcirtioss. The mes- senger went on to Albany, and J..ord Jioudon, on learning the news, ordered Sir William John.-oii to march to the support of Webb. At the " Oneida carrying-place," now Rome, the latter officer was met by a few scattered fugitives, bringing news of the surrender. Although it was to be expected that Montcalm would advance uj)on the settlements, and though the safety of the Jlohawk valley depended on holding the forts at the portage, Webb turned and fled with rapid stejis towards Albany. Everywhere eonsteruati(jn reigned su- preme. Oswego had so long been considered the main defen.se from attack in that fjuarter, that the news of its eapl\ire filled all minds with the expectation of a hostile army marching down the valley, and, wor.se still, of blood- thirsty Indians making that peaceful land hideous with indescribable atrocities. Fortunately, Moulealm's force was too small to justify a farther advance. The reuiaiiidir of 1750 and the whole of 17"i7 jiassed away very (|uietly, so far as Oswego was concerned, though the province of New York suffered severely on account of its loss. The Mohdirku had been profoundly impressed with (he prowess of the French in cajituring the very gsitc- way of their domain, and in April, 1757, a delegiilion of their chiefs visiled Montreal to treat for peace. Satisfiietory arrangements were made, and all the JiikjiihIs except the Mohmchs remained neutral, while the French anil the Canadian Indians ravaged the frontiers. The Biilish gen- erals acti d as if (lny, Ii'h, were nciilral, ami (lie year 1757 elo.Hd ill dijigrace, foreboding the de»truction of the Engli^h dominion in Aiuerica. Rut in 1758 the celebrated William Pitt became prime minister of England, and new vigor was ut once infused into all the English ojierations. Various im|iorlant French posts were captured. All of De Montcalm's energies were requiri'd to defend Lower Canada from invasion. Fort Fronteiiae was left- with but a small guard. The enter- prising Bradstreet being commissioned as brigadier-general, asked jiermission to take a force by way of Oswego and capture Frontenae, but was refused by General Aliercrom- bie, now become commander-in-chief. Rut in July, Aber- crombie was defeated with terrible slaughter at Tieonderoga. Bradstreet then renewed his rcfpiest, and, as it was desira- ble to do something to ameliorate the effects of that defeat on the ]iublic mind, his petition was granted. Provided with the rc(|uisite orders, and accompanied as usual by his de](Uty, — Major Philiji Schuyler, — Brad.strect hastened to the Oneida portage, where he found (jener.il Stanwix with nearly three thousand provincial troops, re- building the fort at that |>(>iiit. which thenceforth bore his name. Of these IJradstreet took command, and proceeded with all speed to Oswego. In the words of a contemporary, he flew rather than marched. Fa.st as he went, however, still faster s|(ed Major Schuyler, in comniand of the advance- guard, accompanied by a corpis of ship-e:irpenters and other artisans. He arrived at Oswego several days before Brad- street, and instantly began the construction of a schooner, called the '' Mohawk, " intended to carry the neees.sarj" can- non for the expedition. He urged on -the work with such energy that in three weeks the vessel was ready for sea. ^leanwhile Rrailstreet had arrived, bringing with him the bateaux and whale-bnals with which he had .so iil\en navi- gated the Oneida lake and river, and about the 20th of August his army embarked on Lake Ontario. Among the New York regiments in this expedition was one commanded by Colonel Charles Clinton, the ancestor of a family which has had more influence than any other over the destinies of the Slate of New York. The captain of one of its comjianies was the colonel's third son, — James. — afterwards a" distinguished Revolutionary general, and the father of De Witt Clinton. The lieutenant of Captain James Clinton's company was his younger bnither, — George, — governor of New York for nearly Iweiily years after its independence, and for eight years vice-jiresident of the United Stales. After a short voyage the expedition arrived belore Fort Frontenae, and as that post was defended by only a hun- dred and fifty nien, it was soon surrendered In the English commander, together with an ininien.se ipiantity of stores. Early in September, the army relurned to Oswego, whence the greater porliixi of it prnceeded to the .setllenienls. A delachmeiit (but whether detached before or after the expe- dition to Fronleiiac is uncertain) built in that year (1758) a new fori, a short dislanee below Oswego falls. Its name, if it had one, is unknown. It was octagonal in furin,witli the sides curved inward, and the angles very acute, making it almost star-shaped. The west Jiart of it was cut off when the O.s- wego canal was dug, but the remains of the rest could be Iraecd down to a lew yeaiTi ago. Filly rods below was aLso HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOKK. to be seen, within the recollection of the earliest settlers, the remains of another fortification, semicircular in form, situated on the high bank of the river; but this is supposed to liave been built before the coming of the white man, cither by Indians or some still earlier race. A fort was also built — probably this year (1758), but possibly the next — at Three Eivers point, on the east side of the Oswego, in the present town of Schroeppel, — a small fortification only about twenty yards scjuare, but provided with four bastions, and having three large store-houses on the inside. Early in 1759, General Amherst was appointed com- niander-in-ehief, and herculean efforts were made by Eng- land and her colonies to overthrow the French power in America. Owing to her superiority by sea, Great Britain could transfer much larger armies to the seat of war than could her Gallic rival, and the populous colonies which bor- dered the Atlantic could give far more aid than eould the scattered settlements on the shores of the St. Lawrence. Again Oswego County became the scene of hostile opera- tions. Captain Pouchot, the engineer at the capture of Oswego, was in command at Fort Niagara. Early in June he sent a colonial officer named Blainville, with a company of Mis.fisaiiffa Indians, to .see what was going on in this vicinity. They went up the Oswego a few miles, and then went back and reported to Pouchot that there were no English to be found. Had they gone as far as the falls they would have found an English army even then making the portage around that obstruction. It was under the command of General Pridcaux, who, with two thousand regulars and provincials, was on his way to attack Furt Ni- agara. At Oswego he was joined by Sir William Johnson with about seven hundred warriors of the Six Nations. They had evidently become satisfied that the English would succeed in the contest, and had recovered fnim their neutrality. In a .short time some two hundred and fifty more Iroquois, from the banks of the St. Lawrence, who had long been under French influence, came to place them- selves under the command of the baronet. On the first of July, Pridcaux and Johnson, with their motley command, embarked on Lake Ontario in open boats and turned their prows toward Fort Niagara. Colonel Haldiniand, with five or six hundred provincials, was left to guard Oswego. It was supposed that the French were all gathered on the lower St. Lawrence to resist Wolfe, but still it was deemed advisable to erect a .stockade. A large portion of the men were daily sent to the forest to cut logs for that purpiise. Jleanwhile, Haldiniand made a kind of wall around his camp out of barrels of pork and flour, of whieh there were an immense number. On the 5th of July, the workmen to the eastward of the camp were suddenly fired on by a body of French and In- dians. Retreating quickly to the camp they found it in wild confusion, men rushing from the forest in all directions, while those already there were ensconcing theui.selves behind the barricade of barrels to repel the fbe. The assailants were the advance-guard of a onsidcrable force under the Chevalier de la Corne. He commanded five or six hundred Canadians from Frontcnac, and several hundred Christian Indians from the mission of La Presentation (now Ogdensburgh). The Abbe Picquet, the chief of that mis- sion, accompanied his converts. De la Corne had landed without discovery at the same point, about a mile and a half east of the mouth of the river, where Montcalm had disembarked three years before. Had he pushed forward his whole force to the attack it is quite probable that he would have defeated the surprised and ill-prepared English, — a defeat which would almost have insured the ruin of Pridcaux's army. According to Pou- chot's account of the affair, however, the Abbd Picquet, when he heard the firing of the advance-guard, insisted on making a short exhortation to the troops and giving them absolution. Meanwhile the o]iportune moment was lost, and When De la Corne arrived before tint camp with his main force, he found the English under arms behind their barrels, and ready for fight. He had no artillery, and he could not induce his Canadi- ans and Indians to attack even that feeble barricade, A desultory fire was kept up on both sides for two or three hours, but De la Corne was unable to accomplish anything of moment. Finally his men exclaimed that the blow had failed, and in spite of their oflicers made their way as fast as possible to their boats. The belligerent abbe endeav- ored to rally them, but was thrown down in the rush, and escaped being left oidy by his vigorous cries of '• Save your chaplain ! at least, save your chaplain !" The English lost about a dozen men killed and wounded, and the French pirobably about the same. One account states that another attack was made the next day. This is doubtful, and if true the attempt had no results, and De la Corne returned to the St. Lawrence. Between three and four weeks later the successful English were still further gladdened by the appearance from the west of a detach- ment of the Forty-sixth Regiment, escorting between seven and eight hundred French officers and men, captured at Fort Niagara, The prisoners were soon sent forward to Albany. On the 7th of August the main army, except a garrison left at the conquered fortress, and the Indians also, returned under the command of Sir William Johnson, Gen- eral Prideaux having been killed during the siege. On the 16th of the same month General Gage, afterwards celebrated as the commander at Boston in the beginning of the Revolution, arrived at Oswego to take command in place of Prideaux. All was now as animated at Oswego as it had been desolate three months before. The gayly-dressed Eng- lish officers, the sturdy pmvincials, and the painted /rwy((o/s were alike jubilant over tlie cajiture of Niagara, the great French stronghold of western New York, and all (except perhaps the Indians) were eagerly watching for news from Quebec, where Wolfe and Montcalm were measuring swords for the last deadly conflict. Gage had received orders to go down the St. Lawrence and capture the post of La Galette, below Ogdensburgh. There was much counseling between the general. Sir Wil- liam, and Colonel Haldiniand on the subject. The vigorous baronet was in favor of going, but Gage, like almost all the Engli,sh generals of that day, was very dilatory, and after allowing much valuable time to slip away he finally declined to go, on acco\int of the lateness of the season. Sir William was, in modern phrase, '' lull of business." 34 HISTOllV OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOI'.K. ! Indians were constantly coming and goinsr, and the baronet's diury is full of memoranda of conferences, speeches, giving behs, and all the other formalities essential in the manage- ment of the red man. His entries for one day were two in number, — the first being: " Fine morning ; I propose this day speaking to the Indians;" the second: "All drunk; could not meet them." The first duel of which there is any record in Oswego County was fou;_'ht at this time, between " B:i.s.sy Dunbar and Lieutenant I'ionicr, of the Koyal Americans." The former was shot tlirough the lungs, receiving, as was sup- . jiosed, a mortal wound. There were still .some French vessels on Lake Ontario, and two of them came in sight of ()swcl.'o. Two or three snudl English vessels had also been built, which went out to meet the visitors, but did not succeed in doing so. Meanwhile, measures were taken to prevent losing what the Englisli already possessed. The engineers drew a plan of a pentagon i'ort to replace the Fort Ontario destroyed by Montcalm. It was approved bj' Tienend (Jage, and the erection of a large and substantial fortress was begun. It was also called Fort Ontario, and remained until replaced by the (iresent fortification, about 1S30. No attempt was ever made to rebuild either of the works on the west side of the river. The now Fort Ontario was very nearly, perhaps exactly, on the site of the old one. It was also partly on the .site of the ])resent work, but went considerably nearer the lake. The south part of the fortress, built in 1750-60, was within the limits of the present Fort Ontario. The traces of the old walls are still to be seen between the present rampart and the lake. The whole circuit of the five sides was about five hundred feet The rampart was built of earth, revetted with " sauei^.sons" on the side towards the lake, but on the landward sides the earth was kept in place by large S(|uare timbers laid one upon the other. The parapet was some twelve feet thick, and outside of it there was a ditch nearly thirty feet wide. During the autumn of 175!) or spring of 1 700, four block-houses were also erected at long gun-shot from the fort. At this time, too, detachmenta from Oswego and Fort Stanwix, under the direction of Captain Brewerton, built a fort on Oneida river, a few roils from the north bank and about a mile below the outlet of the hike. Like the one at the falls, it was an octagon, with the sides curved inward, so that the sharp angles made it resemble an eight-pointed star. It was about a hundred feet in diameter on the in- side, with a wall five feet high, crowned with ]ialis;ides twenty feet high, with loop-holes and embrasures. Outside Wiis a ditch, and outside of that a still lower wall. The new fort was evideully intemled for defen.se against Indian rifles, not against French artillery. It was named ■• Brew- erton" in honor of its constructor. The remnants of the old wall and ditch are still to be seen close to the present Fort Brewerton hotel. At the same time a mole or wall of large rocks Wijs built at the exact point where the lake changes into the river, running southea.st into the lake and reaching somewhat above its surface. At the end a sentry-box wxs erected, and here a sentinel was continuously jioslcd, who, from his curious station, could view the river for many miles and the lake as far as eye could reach. Of this, too, the ruins are still to be seen under water. More than a hundred acres were cleared around the fort to give a more extended view of an approaching foe. Here, too, us at the falls, the modern fortification is in the near neighborhood of ancient relics dating back to un- known ages. In a sand-bank, a short distance cast of thi> fort, a large number of human bones have been discovered, apparently belonging to males, and denoting the probable place of interment of the warriors of a nation. The length of .some of the bones found there is -said to have indicuteil that they belonged to men at least seven feet high ; bnt the accuracy of such cstin)ates is always doubtftd. On the 8th of October, 1759, a scout sent out from Os- wego towards the enemy returned with some Canadian prisoners. These brought to the garri.son the first news of the capture of Quebec, which had occurred throe weeks previously. All men saw that the downfall of French power in America must speedily follow, and joy reigned su]>reme, especially among the provincials, who could now hope for a long respite from the haunting fears of toma- liawk and sealping-knife. Sir William Jolin.son i.ssued a formal invitation to the Indians to reopen trade at Oswego and Niagara the next spring, most of the provincial troops were sent home, the garrisons of the po.st3 went into winter ((uarters, and silence again settled down on the scene lately so full of life. In the spring of 17G0 England and her colonies rallied their forces to give the final blow to the French dominion in Canada. Although it was ])lain that the fall of Quebec involved the con(|uest of the whole province, yet De Van- dreuil at Montreal still held out for King Louis, and many minor posts were yet in pos-ses^ion of the French. It was arranged in the English councils that three armies .should concentrate on Montreal. One was to move up the St. Lawrence from Quebec, one smaller one was to go down Lake Champlain from Albany, while the main Anglo- American force, under the commander-in-chief, General Andierst, was to rendezvous at Oswego, and thence pro- ceed down the St. Lawrence to attack the doomed capital. The colonial levies came in sKiwly, and it was not until the 12fh of June that Amherst left Schenectady with six thousand provincials and four thou.sand rcgulai-s. Once more the Mohawk, the Oneida, and the Oswego were alive with hundreds of boats, their banks resounded with the tramp of armed battalions, and the deer and the )ianthcrs alike shrank back affrighted from the countless cam[i-fires which blazed upon their woodland shores. In the forepart of July the whole force arrived at Os- wego. Great preparations had to be made ere this army, the largest ever .seen within this county, could be emb.irked on its destined voj-age. On the 2.")th of July .\mherst was joined by Sir William Johnson, with six luiiulred Jro- tjiiois warriors, and this number was .soon swollen to over thirteen hundred by those called French Iroqnok, anxious to make their ](eace with the conquering English. Never before nor since has -Oswego exhibited such an animated and variegated scene as during the latter part of July and forejiart of August, 17liO. Four thou.-<;ind regulars, re- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 35 splendent in the gaudy uniform of England, moved with martial port about the frontier fortress, or engaged in mili- tary manwuvrcs, executed witli machine -like precision. Six thousand provincials, mostly sturdy New York Dutch- men and keen-faced New Englanders, whose uniforms, if not so brilliant, were generally new, and who had seen too much hard service to be de.spiscd as soldiers, even by European veterans, proudly marched and countermarched to martial strains, in which the time-houored sounds of " God Save the King" were mingled with the newly-in- vented air of " Yankee Doodle." Supplies were being brought forward by the ton ; hun- dreds of carpenters were at work constructing boats ; the whole locality rang with the noise of axe and mallet, of drum and fife, of shout and song, and amid the excitement the thirteen hundred plumed and painted Iroquois forgot for the moment that their hunting-grounds were being over- run with fearful rapidity, and were ready to follow Brother Warragiyaghey, alias Sir William Johnson, to the death. Many were the men, then or afterwards celebrated in American history, congregated at that time at the mouth of the Oswego. The commandor-in-cliief. General Jeffrey Amherst, afterwards Lord Amherst, tliough devoid of great genius, was an energetic and faithful soldier, then forty- three years of age, a firm but not harsh commander, highly respected by his men, and ever ready to share their hard- ships and their dangers. General Gage, the second in command, a bluff, dull-witted British general, of the regu- lation pattern, was destined to reap a dubious fame as the presiding genius on the English side at the opening of the Revolution, and then to sink into obscurity. More famous at that time than even the commander-in- chief, Sir William Johnson was doubtless the busiest of all the busy throng. Pioneer, fur-trader, soldier, man of busi- ness, magistrate, superintendent of Indian affairs, council- lor of the province of New York, chief of the Mohawks, and baronet of the Kingdom of Great Britain, this " Trib- une of the Six Nations," as ho has been aptly called, was then, at the age of about forty-five, in the full vigor of strength, the full flush of power, the full tide of success in all his undertakings. General John Bradstreet, the (|uartermastcr- general, whose doings in the vicinity of Oswego we have so often had occasion to chronicle during the previous four years, was by this time recognized by the commander-in-chief as one of the most efficient officers on the continent. He was taken sick, however, while at Oswego, and did not accom- pany the expedition down the St. Lawrence. His coad- jutor and friend, JIajor Philip Schuyler, being on other service, was not with Amherst's army that summer. There was another Revolutionary officer there, the opposite of Schuyler in every respect except valor and patriotism. This was that rough but stanch Connecticut farmer who left his oxen unyoked in the furrow at the news of Lexing- ton, and whose feme is now especially united to the glories of Bunker Hill, but who was known to the army encamped at Oswego in 1760 as Lieutenant-Colonel Israel I'utnam. Many others of minor fame were employed under the skillful direction of Amherst in fiirwarding operatiiuis, and on the 'Jtli of August all was ready. Ilundicds of whale- boats were loaded with artillery and supplies, and Colonel Haldimand had been sent ahead with a thousand men to clear the way. On the 10th occurred the scene, somewhat remarkable in the history of war, of the embarking of over ten thou- sand men in open boats to traverse a lake and river for more than two hundred miles. A great host of bateaux and whale-boats were filled with regulars and provincials, the Iroquois warriors, with Warragiyaghey at their head, occupied their light canoes, a long train of artillery and supply-boats brought up the rear, and then, to the .sound of martial music, with flashing oars and waving banners, the grand army set forth on its watery path to the Franco- American capital. Amherst's plan of advancing by three routes was faulty enough, for it involved the possibility of the enemy's de- feating all the corps in detail. Had the French had any- thing like e(iual numbers, and been directed by the genius of Montcalm, such a consequence might perhaps have resulted. They were, however, too much enfeebled and discouraged to make the attempt. Captain Pouchot gallantly defended Fort Levis, below Ogdensburgh, but the fort was soon cap- tured by the overwhelming numbers of the English, and that brave and skillful, but unfortunate, officer was again sent as a prisoner through Oswego. In September, the Marquis de Vaudreuil surrendered Montreal, and with it all Canada. This ended forever the rule of France in this part of America, although the formal treaty of peace was not signed until February, 1703. Am- herst's provincials returned home by way of Lakes Cham- plain and Ontario, the regulars were distributed where their presence was most needed, and Oswego County saw no more of the grand pageants which had .so lately enlivened its sylvan scenery. CHAPTER IX. FKOM 1761 TO 1775. " Dvinpan of Lundic" — Annie ^[e^^ic.a^ — Tlie First O.'^wego County Schuul — Military G.ariluning — The Patlifinder, Eaii-Doucc, Dew-nf- Junc, etc. — A Sudden Death — The Chieftain's Funeral — Brad- street's AVcstcrn Expedition — A Dramatic Meeting — A Weeks Festivities — The '' Property Line" — Tryon County — The Troops withdrawn — Death of Sir William Johnson. A co.vsiDERAlJLE force was still thought necessary at Oswego, and the greater part of the Fifty-fifth Infantry, a regiment mostly raised in Scotland, was transfcn-red thither from Montreal immediately after the surrender. The com- mander was Major Alexander Duncan, commonly called " Duncan of Lundie," from the estate which belonged to his family. One of its captains was Duncan McVicar, a Scotchman, whose wife and little daughter had been living on the Hudson while he was doing duty with the army. He was determined to take them to Oswego, and they are supposed to have been the first white females belonging to any, except the lowest, class that ever visited this county. Little Annie MeVicar was hardly six years old, but very precocious, and having a most remarkable memory. Nearly fifty years later, and forty years after she had returijcd to 36 HLSTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Scotland, liaviug, under the name of Mrs. Grant, aci|uired considerable literary fame, she wrote a book, entitled '' Me- moirs of an American Lady" (Mrs. Scliuyier, aunt of tin; general ), which i.s widely recognizf^d as the must charming picture extant of New Y^ork colonial society and life. Three cliajpt<'rs of her work are devoted to her journey to, and stay in, Fort Ontariu, wliich bring vividly before the reader that frontier post as it was a hundred and sixteen years ago. The MeViwirs came through in 'October, 1700, with a com])any of soldiers of the Fitlyfifth, in bateaux, follow- ing the usual — not well-trodden, but well-paddled — course, 1 and few things in literature are more pleasant than the romantic child s description of their forest-shaded voyage and fire-lighted bivouacs. The last night of their journey was spent at Fort Browerton, then garrisoned by a comjjany of the Fifty-fifth, under Captain Mungo Campbell, another Scotch officer, afterwards killed at the battle of White Plains. They found Fort Ontario a large structure, built of "earth and logs," a.s Mre. Grant expressed it. The major commanding was a shrewd, ijuaint, hard-headed, middle- iiged Scotchman, who ruled his young subordinates with despotic,yct fatherly, control. He had had fitted up for his own use a small frame house on wheels, which could be moved to any part of the parade. The thin walls and floor were supplemented by an ample lining of deer-skins, bear-skins, etc., and the area was divided into two parts, — i one serving iis the commandant's bedroom, the other as catiug-room and library. Here, during the long winter, which com])lctely closed all comnmnication with the civilized world, the subordinate officers were assembled for instruction by the worthy major, and ref|uired to take their daily le.-Iuir disputed regard- ing the three or four wives of the latter, and that the great contest of marksmanship came off in which Eau-Doucc, through the complai.sance of Pathfinder, won the silken cahush which he bestowed on Mabel Dunham. Pontiac's war, which broke out in 1702, created great excitement in all the frontier posts, but did not extend as far east as Oswego. AVhen they heard of it, sevend chiefs of one of the Canadian tribes came to visit Major Duncan. He invited them to return with their people, and celebrate the accession of the new king. George the Third, and renew the treaty of peace with Britain. They did so, witnessed a review, and were supplied with a grand feast outside the fort. The principal chief and his brother, a pair of stal- wart braves, were invited to dinner with the officers. When they were seated, the major called for wine to drink the health of King George. Scarcely h.id this been done by the assembled jiarty, when the sachem's brother fell lifeless on the floor. The usual remedies in case of fainting were applied, without eft'eet. The chief looked quietly on while these effi)rts were being made, but when convinced that his brother was indeed dead, he drew his blanket over his head and burst into tears. Indian life is not conducive to apoplexy or heart-diseiusc, and such sudden deaths are almost unknown amoni; them. The officers might well fear that some sinister interpretation would be put on this strange event, following so soon after drinking the wine given by the English to the deceased. The weeping of a warrior was something ei|ually unknown, and betokened a degree of grief which might ea.sily turn to revenge. But presently the chieftain threw back his blanket, arose, aud in a dignified manner addres. Sumu — 'I'l,.. Iteturn — Peace and Independence. When the Revolution broke out, in the spring of 1775, the disliusl which, for the previous few months, had been growing up bstweco the adherents of the Johnson family and the Whigs of the Muhawk valley, grew stronger with each surci'.«.rovisions, — a small allowance for six- teen hundred and forty-eight hungry Itidians and a hutidrcd white men, which is stated in British ofiicial documeiiLs to have been the number present. This luu.st have included the squaws and children. Colonel Johnson, in a letter to I'hilip V. Livingstoti, stated the number of warriors at thirteen hundred and forty, but this may have been an exaggeratioti to frighten the Americans. The best esti- mates give the total number of warriors in the four tribes which adhered to the English at about sixteen hundred, and it is hardly probable that so large a proportion of them as John.soti mentiotis had gathered at Oswego. At first the Indiatis were very unwillitig to promi.sc their assistance. Colonel Johnson labored a.ssiduously to eng-age them on the English side, and in this he w:ls warmly a.ssisted by Brant, a .shrewd, acute Mulntick of about thirty-three, whose elder sister, Molly, had been the inistre.>« of Sir William John.son for twenty-five years before his death. John.son, Butler, Brant, and others ap|)ealed to the Indians' avarice, declaring that the colonists wen; few atid jpoor ; that the king was rich and powerful, both in money and men ; that his soldiers were a.s numerous as the leaves of the forest; bis gold as abundant as the dirt under their feet ; and, best of all, that his rum was as plentiful its the waters of Lake Ontario. Fitially, the Indians ctitiivd into some kind of an engage- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 39 inent to assist in defending Lake Ontario and the St. Law- rence from the Americans, but did not, as we understand tlie Britisli report, then join in a complete offensive alHante. The .superintendent then delivered to tliem a lot of new arms and other handsome presents, including a number of brass kettles, which for more than half a century afterwards were in u.se among the Se}iecos on the banks of the Gene- sec. In fact, the account of Mary Jemison, the celebrated "white woman," then resident in that tribe, has it that the English officials gave every Indian a suit of elotlies, a brass ' kettle, a gun, a tomahawk, scalping-knife, some ammunition, and a piece of gold. It is out of the ([ucstion, however, that Guy Juhn.son could have had such stores at Oswego at that time, andxertainly he did not pay out several thous- and diillar.s in gold, when he had as yet received no definite order to enlist the services of the Indians. The letter of instructions to that effect was signed by Lord Dartmouth on the 24th of July, 1775, and could not have reached Colonel Johnson until September. The council was closed about the 8th of July. jMost of the Indians returned home, but the Mohaiclcs, who had abandoned their home, accompanied Colonel Johnson and his white adherents to Canada. They set sail in their little sloop and a few small boats on the 11th of July, the whole numberof whites and Indians being two hundred and twenty, and made their way to Montreal. Colonel Butler, however, proceeded to Niagara, of which post he was soon after placed in connnand. Oswego was left unoccupied, except perhaps by a few men to take care of the buildings. During the year 1770 nothing of especial consequence occurred in this county. The Indians were frequently visited by British agents to confirm their friendship for the king by presents and flattery, but they made no serious raids again.st the frontier. The Americans at first had con- siderable success in Canada, and this doubtless contributed to keep the red men quiet. But during the summer of 1776 our forces were driven out of that province, and early in 1777 great preparations were made bj' the British to follow up their success with crushing effect. A large army under General Burgoyne marched into northern New York, which was to be sup- ported by another strong force, erttering by way of Oswego and sweeping down the Mohawk valley. There is some un- certainty about the details, but it is pretty sure that Sir John Johnson, with his regiment of " Royal Greens," and Colonel Claus, Guy Johnson's deputy (and, like him, a son-in-law of Sir William) came to Oswego as early as June, and began making preparations for the intended onslaught. Colonel Guy Johnson was at that tiiuc in New York, having visited England with Brant the year before, and returned to that port, whence the chief had been sent across the countiy, through the American lines, to rouse the Indians. He (Brant') had been making some threatening demonstrations on the upi)er Susquehanna, but drew oft", and in July came to Oswego with his band. Numerous other warriors came in, especially Seiiccas, that tribe being by far the largest and fiercest of the Si.^ Nations. About the middle of Jul}-, Cnlduel John Butler, also a dep- uty superintendent, came from Niagara to Oswego, and held a council with the warriors, requesting them to take up the hatchet and engage in the proposed expedition. Some of the Indians demurred, declaring that they had been invited to Oswego merely to hold a council and to see the British whip the rebels, — not to fight thcm.selves. But the u.sual appeals to their cupidity and love of blood were made, and they wore soon persuaded to take an active part. Stone, in his " Life of Brant," declares that from that time forward that chief was acknowledged as head war-chief of all the Six Nations. He gives, however, no authority for the statement, and all the circumstances show to the contrary. Brant was never spoken of as head-cliief of the Six Nations in the British dispatches, but only as " Brant," or " Joseph, the Indian chief" He never signed himself as head-chief, though he was fond of using the far inferior title of " caji- tain," conferred on him by the king. Besides, there was no head war-chief according to the old customs of the con- federacy, and it is hardly probable that the English would have undertaken to introduce such an innovation, which would be certain to disgust all the Iroquois except the Mo- haiuks, — -especially the Senecas, who were more powerful than all the other tribes who adhered to the British put together. It was customary, however, among the Six Na- tions to choose leaders for some particular battle or expe- dition, and it is not improbable that Brant was thus selected as commander of the Indians who were to accoiupany St. Leger, and afterwards of similar expeditions. Shortly after the council. General Barry St. Leger ar- rived with a body of regidars. For a short time Oswego bore once more the stirring and martial appearance to which it had been a stranger since the days of the old French war. Sir John Johnson, dark, sour-faced, and scowling, was drilling his regiment of Tories, whose green coats covered hearts which, like his own, were fairly black with hatred of their old neighbors of the IMohawk valley. Big, burly, red-faced John Butler, of whom it could at least be said that he was a good, hard fighter, was getting " But- ler's Rangers" ready for action, and also giving attention to the Indian department. Brant, tall, slender, keen, and sin- ister in appearance, was gliding among the motley groupaj clad in half-civilized, half-Indian attire, and ready to use pen or tomahawk as occasion might require. The scene was filled up with throngs of green-coated Tories, red-coated regulars, and naked Indians, while over all ruled Barry St. Leger, a plain, stubborn British officer, driven half frantic at times by the vagaries of his strange command, but never- theless dreaming of the glory to be won by his triumphant march to Albany. jMeanwhile the Americans had nut been idle. Old Fort Stanwix had been repaired and garrisoned, and had been rechristened Fort Schuyler, but in common parlance still retained its former appellation, by which it will be called in this work when it may be neces.sary to mention it. The gallant Colonel Gansevoort had been placed in command. General Herkimer had called the militia of Tryon county to arms, though at first they responded but slowly. St. Leger knew it was not all plain sailing in front of biin, and was determined that at least he would not be surprised on bis march. On the 27th of July the advance-guard set forth, con- sisting of a small detachment of the Eighth or King's regi- 40 HISTORY 01" OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YoltK. nioiit ami a f.'W Indians, under liiL-iilenant Bird. The main body rulluwod tlio next da^'. Onee luorc the turbid Oswego river and placid Oneida lake were vexed with the stroke of niultiludiiious oars and |iaildle.s, wiiile bateaux and cjinocs bore while men and Indians on their mission of death. Bird's Indians were extremely insubordinate. Hav- ing got above the falls on the 27th he went forward tlie next morning two miles, but found tiiat no Indians were nceompanying him. He waited two hours, when sixteen Snircas came up. Then he advanced to Three Iliver point, where he ag-aiii waited two hours, when seventy or eighty Missisaiiffas made their appearance. But these declined to go any farther that day. Their canoes were full of frejsh meat, and Bird learned that they iiad stolen two oxen from the army drove. They were determined to have a feast, and poor Bird had to go forward without them. He proceeded seven miles, encamped, and the next morning again set oflF without his "siivages." That night he encamped at Nine Mile point, in the present town of Coustantia, and the next day proceeded to Wood creek. Following the .same route, St. Legcr, with the main body, arrived at Nine Mile point on the 1st of July, where he learned that Bird had already invested Fort Stanwix. He .sent forward Brant " with his corps of Indians" (by which St. Leger may or may not have meant the whole Indian force) to assist Bird, and proceeded as rapidly as possible to join him with the army. The siege of Fort Stanwix, the gallant defense made by Gansevoort, Willctt, and their men, the bloody battle of Oriskany, the relief brought by Arnold and Larned, and the final abandonment of the siege, all lie outside the purview of this work. Suffice it to say that in the latter da3's of August the remains of the confident army, which had started fiir Albany a nionth before, came hurry- ing down the Oswego, defeated and crest-fallen, its members thinned by battle and sickness, its artillery abandoned in the trenches before Stanwix, and its red allies having nearly all de])arted in anger to their homes to mourn over their uiaiiy slaughtered brethren ; nay, it is said, on British au- thority, having vented their wratli by jjlundcring the boats and murdering the .straggling soldiers of King George. From Oswego, St. Leger, with his regulars, jiroceeded by way of Montreal to join Burgoyne. Butler, with his rangers, returned to Niagara, and Sir John John.ost there for their protection, and in the spring of 17711 sent a delegation of chiefs to General Ilal- diniand, at Montreal, charged, aiuong other things, to re- quest the re-establishment of a fort at Oswego. General Ilaldimand ex]ilained that all his troops had been diverted to other points, and nothing was then done towards reoccu- pation. Probably if a British force had been stationed at Os- wego it would have .saved the Oitoinl'iju.* the destruction of their villages. Early that spring. Colonel Van Schaick left Fort Stanwix with about five hundred and fifty men, who rowed along the north shore of Oneiila lake, and soon reached Onondaga landing, opposite old Fort Brewerton. There they left a guard with their boats, and marched rap- idly to the Onondiiyrt villages, destroying the principal one, and, according to the official report, killing and capturing fifty warriors. Sullivan's great raid followed in the summer. In the autumn a slight attempt was made by the British to inau- gurate hostile proceedings at Oswego. Sir John Johnson aiul Colonel Guy Johnson went thither in vcs-sels from Niagara, and were joined by a considerable number of Indians. Another body, however, who marched along the shore, under Brant and some Briti.sh officers, did not come up, and the Canadian Indians who had been expected to make a foraging expedition to the vicinity of Fort St;in- wix declined to undertake the dangerous task. So Oswego was again abandoned, Sir John and Colonel Guy returned to Niagara, and the Indians were mostly distributed in winter quarters on the Niagara and the St. Lawrence. Colonel Guy Johnson, in giving an account of this trans- action to the home government, urged that Fort Ontario should be reestal)lished the next spring, as the Indians had it much at heart. Whether it was so re-ostablished in the spring of 17S0 there is nothing to show. In the autumn of 17SII Sir John Johnson, with a force of Indians and wliites, again passed through Oswego and up the river to Oneida lake. There they concealed their boats, and pxssed by a circuitous route to the borders of Schoha- rie county. They inflicted great damage on the Americans, and finally succeeded in escaping despite all the efl"ort.s of the New York militia. It was not until 1782 that it is certain there was a gar- rison at the point in question. That sciisun there was cer- tainly a small one there, and in the succeeding wititcr an effort was made by the Americans to surpri.se it. Under the special orders of W;usliington, the gallant Colonel Wil- lctt as.scuibled four hundred and seventy men at Fort Herkimer, in the ]>resent county of that nanu;. They set out on the Sth of February, 17S!5, proccednig in sleighs over the ice of Oneida lake, near the north shore, till they HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOllK. 41 reached Fort Brewertou. There they left their sk-ighs under a guard and went forward on foot. Striking through the woods, they reached Oswego river, tliree miles above the foils, about the 12th of February. At two in the after- noon they reached the " lower landing." There they made seventeen scaling-ladders, and at night again moved forward. They walked on the ice as far as " Bradstrect's rift," where they again struck into the woods to avoid discovery. An Oneida Indian was aotin^ as a guide, and the wearied soldiers were warm with hopes of a successful surprise. But, after several hours of tramping in the snow, tlirough the dense forest, it was found that the Oneida iiad lost his way. All attempts to find it were unavailing, and nothing remained but to keep in motion till morning, lest they should succumb to the bitter cold. On they went, scarce knowing whither, liour after hour, until at length the late February morning dawned on the disheartened soldiers. They found themselves at the side of the wood. Looking forward, they saw at the distance of three-quarters of a mile the very prize they had been seeking, — Fort Ontario, lying in uncon- cerned repose on tiie icy borders of the lake. They were on Oak hill, near the present corner of Utica and East Seventh streets, Oswego. Colonel Willett's orders from Washington were impera- tive not to attack the fort unless he could surprise the gar- rison. It was accordingly out of the question to push across that tliree-fourths of a mile of open space. If they could retire to some place where they could build a fire, and remain in the vicinity till another night, the surprise might yet succeed. While the officers were discussing what was to be done, five British soldiers in fatigue dress, with axes on their shoulders, were seen approaching, evidently sent out to provide wood for the garrison. The Americans en- deavored to capture them without noise, but though two were taken three escaped, and fled with all speed to the fort. Soon the drums were heard beating to arms, the gar- rison swarmed upon the ramparts, and parties were seen shoveling the snow from tlie embrasures and preparing the guns for action. All hopes of surprise were at an end, and Willett reluc- tantly gave the order to return. The men threw their scaling-ladders in the hollow, southeast of Oak hill, where the remnants of them were found by the early settlers, and made the best of their way back to Fort Brewertou. Dur- ing the trip, either coming or going, several men were badly frozen, and one colored man was frozen to death. Two men, Henry Blackmer and Joseph Perrigo, who afterwards both settled on the west side of the Oswego, above the falls, were badly frozen on this expedition. At Brewertou the battalion found their sleighs, and (juickly made their way to Fort Stanwix. Wiien they ar- rived there they heard news which well compensated them for their disappointment at Oswego. Peace was declared, and their country was now one of the independent nations of the earth. CHAPTER XI. FKOJI 1783 TO 1800. The Boundary— The Iroquois Neglected— Wiishinjjton in the Indian Ueavcu — Treaty of 1784 — The Two Land Companies — Treaties of 1788 — Woman's Rights— Oswego County l)ought liy the Whites — The Bounty-Laws — Laying Out the Military Tract — Method of Allotment — The Survey Fifties — Classic Names — Oldest l)ced— First Resident of Oswego County — The true Story of Frenchman's Island — Bruce at Constantia — Uerkimer County— Me.\ico—Ma- comb's Purchase— The Boylston Tract— The Roosevelt Purchiuse — Sale to Serilia — Cockburn's Survey — M.ajor Van Valkenburgh — Love and Murder — (Jreat Excitement — Vandcrkemp's Expedition — More about Frenchm.an's Island — A Scene on Lake Ontario — The .\riadne of Oneial chiefs of the Six Nations, and another from those of the Oneidas alone, which covered all the Iroquois lands in New York, except sonic small reservations. The consideration was to be a payment of twenty thousand dollars down, and an an- nual rent of two thousand dollars, and the term was to be nine hundred aiid ninety-nine years ! The object of this was to evade the laws of New York, which liirbade the .sale of lands by Indians to any one out of the State. In the succeeding winter the two couijianies, having united iheir forces, boldly demanded a eonfinualion of their lease from the legislature. That body, however, promptly declared that a lea.se for nine hundred and ninety-nine vears was in effect a dee^scil appoinling commis- sioners to treat with the Indians relative to the purelia.se of their lands by the Slate. The lessees made another effort, this time to get half of the Indian land and surrender the other half to the State. This attempt, too, was without avail, and in July a grand council was held at Fort Stan- wix by Governor George Clinton and the State commis- sioners with the chiefs of the Oiiojidai/ns, Oneidas, and Ciiyxgm. The Onoiidnr/iis then ceded all their lands to the Slate, retaining the Onondaga reservation and the privilege of making salt at the salt springs. In consideration therefor the Stale agreed to pay atbonsand French crowns in money, twti hundred pounds (New York currency, — equivalent to five hundred dollars) in clothing, and five hundred pounds annually forever. It may be interesting to the advocates of Women's rights to know that this treaty, which is the foundation of the title of a large part of the land of Oswego County, was signed not only by Governor Clinton and the Stale Commissioners, not only by the chiefs of the licnr, Deer, Ell, Turtle, Bearer, and Wolf clans, of the Oiwn- dnff(is,h\il by two '' governesses," or principal women, of that tribe. It was witncs.sed also by several prominent whites and Indians, and by Kaycndatyoini, ■' chief governess of the Senecas." The Cai/ut/as made a similar ees.sion at the same time. In September the Oneidas also granted all their lands to the State except some reservations. The greater part of the reserved land was outside of Oswego County, but there was a half-mile square reserved every six miles along the north shore of Oneida lake, and " a convenient piece at the fishing-]>lace on Onondaga river, three miles below where it issues friiin Oneida lake.' The consideration was two thousand dollars in cash, three thousand dollars in goods, provisions, etc., five hundred dollars towards building mills, and six hundred dollars in silver every year thereafter. This treaty, too, after the signatures of numerous chiefs, bore those of Konwagalot, Konawgalet, Hannah Sodolk, and Ilononwayele, leading women of the tribe. The next year an act was passed by the legi.slatnro jiro- viding for the laying out of a large part of the newly- acquired lands as bountiesforBevolutionary. services. This was in acconiancc with numerous previous enactments passed from 1781 to 1788. Three regiments had been raised in New York in the former year, intended chiefly for the protection of the frontier, to whom large bounties in land had been offered. In 1782 the legislature had desig- nated a tract in the centre of the Slate running southward from the mouth of the Oswego. In 1783 they had con- firmed this grant, and provided for bounties liir general officers who were citizens of New York, and for various other classes of officers, and also jirovided for giving nn extra hundred acres to each private (with jiroportionate sums to the oiheers) who Would relinquish the hundred acres in the west which he was entitled to under a law of Congress. The object of this last provision seems to have been to induce New York men to remain in New York. By a law of 1784 two .-iiiuare miles of land at the mouth of the Oswego (a square mile on each side) had been re- served by ihe State. It is worth noticing that even at that late day it was set down in all deseriptioiis lliat llo' 'Onon HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 43 daga," as it was then called, ran westward, and that the shore of Lake Ontario ran north and south. The description in question provides very precisely that tlie lines of the reservation shall run " from the mouth of said river, and on both sides thereof, as the same runs, one mile, then ex- tending northerlt/ and sontkerly one mile, with a line per- pendicular to the general course of the river within the said mile, thence loesterhj with the said general course to Lake Ontario ; thence northerly and southcrli/ to the places of beginning." Another reservation was provided for at " the falls, com- monly called Oswego falls, on the Onondaga river," with the somewhat indefinite boundary of beginning " twenty chains above where the bateaux were usually taken out of the said river to be carried across the portage, and extending down the said river twenty chains below where the bateaux were usually put into the said river, after having been trans- ported over the said portage, and extending norlhe:isterly in every part between the said two places ten chains from the said river." By the same law of 178-i the governor, lieutenant-gov- ernor, and four other State officers were appointed commis- sioners to convey the lands to the soldiers or their assigns. All this time the land itself — at least that part in Central New York — had remained in possession of the Indians, and the fort at Oswego, around which the State designated the lines of its reservation, was firmly held by the British. There were lands on which bounty warrants could be located in the northern part of the State, but most of the holders of those warrants preferred to wait for the opening of the rich tract lying south of Oswego. At length, as before stated, those lands were purchased, and the law of February 28, 1789, was passed. By that act, modified by the law of April 6, 1790, the commissioners of the land-office were authorized to direct the surveyor- general to lay out as many townships as might be necessary to satisfy the lawful claims for bounty, each township to contain sixty thousand acres, and to be as near square as practicable. This would make them nearly ten miles square, — or, to be precise, a trifle over nine and two-thirds miles square. The commissioners were required to number the townships, and were for some rea.son commanded to put township No. 1 on the west side of the Oswego falls. They were also required to give to each township an indi- vidual name. Each township was then to be subdivided into a hundred lots, as near square as might be, each con- taining six hundred acres. This was the amount allowed to a private soldier, including the tract received in lieu of western land. All who claimed under the bounty laws were required to present their claims before the first day of July, 1790. Then the commissioners were directed to have each man's name written on a ballot, with extra ones for the officers, and all put in a box. The lots in each township were then to be numbered, and the number of each with its township written on a ballot, and all those ballots to bo put in another box. A person appointed by the comnii.ssionors was to draw a man's name from the box of names and then a lot- number from the box of lots. That lot was to belong to that man. But there were six lots not to be allotted in each township. Two of these wore reserved respectively for the support of schools and of the gospel, and the rest to fill out the shares of commissioned officers which might not make exact multiples of six hundred. Most of them did, however ; a lieutenant receiving twelve hundred acres, a captain eighteen hundred, a major twetity-four hundred, etc. There was a further provision that a settlement must be made on every six-hundred-aere tract within seven years after the issuing of a patent, on penalty of the lands revert- ing to the State; an oa.sy condition, which was probably complied with. This was the origin of the celebrated " Military Tract," within the bounds of which are comprised all that part of Oswego County west of the Oswego river. Besides certain small fees in money, fifty acres in one of the corners of each six-hundred-acre lot were made subject to a charge of forty-eight shillings (six dollars) to pay the expenses of surveying. If the owner of the lot paid that sum in two years after receiving a patent, the whole title vested in him ; if not, the surveyor-general was required to sell the " survey fifty" to the highest bidder for the benefit of the State. The people were evidently in great haste to occupy the fertile lands from which they had so long been shut out. In the spring of 1790 the conimi.ssioners advertised for the appearance of claimants, and on the 3d of July in that year, only two days after the time allowed by law, they met to distribute the land. Twenty-five townships had been laid out under the direction of the surveyor-general, Simeon De Witt. According to law, the designation of No. 1 was affixed to the township adjoining the falls on the west. The one north of it was marked as No. 2 ; No. 3 was south of No. 1, and then the numbers ran up as they went south, where most of the tract lay. The commission- ers were very classical. They named township No. 1 Ly- sander ; No. 2 Hannibal ; and gave the names of distin- guished ancients to all the other townships but three, who were called after equally distinguished Englishmen. Ly- sander and Hannibal were the oidy ones of which any portion is now comprised within the county of Oswego, and therefore the only ones it is needful for us to mention. Readers must always bear in mind the difference between a survey townsliip and a political town. The survey town- ship of Hannibal comprised the present towns of Hannibal and Oswego, and a small part of Graiiby, in Oswego County, and the town of Sterling, in Cayuga county. Lysander embraced the greater part of Granby, in Oswego County, the present town of Lysander, and part of another in Onondaga county. On the same day above mentioned the commissioners proceeded to allot that immense quantity of land — a mil- lion and a half of acres — in the manner prescribed by law. Patents were soon issued, but in very few cases did these go to the soldiers who did the fighting. Out of fifty-eight names of officers and soldiers on a page of the old " ballot- ing-book" belonging to B. B. Buit, E.sq., from which we have gleaned most of the facts regarding the Military Tract, only three received their land in person. All the rest had .sold their claims. The oldest deed on recoid in the Oswego County clerk's 44 HISTORY OF OSWKGO COUNTY, NEW YORK- ofiicu is iruiii Dennis MeCartliy iind AViiliani Wlialcii. of lots 42 and 5o, in tlie survey-townsliip of Iliinnilial, to parties who iiumcdiutely transferred the same to William Cockbum. Settlement immodiatcly began on the Military Tract, but not at 6rst on the northern portion, in what is now Oswego County. Meanwhile we will cross the river, and .see what i.s j;oin^ on there. The first white resident of Oswego County was Oliver Stevens, who located at Fort Brewerton in 1780, beg-.in trading with the Indians, and kept a rude tavern for the acconmiodation of boatmen. In ITl'l, Major Rj'al Bing- ham srttled in the vicinity of the fort, on land lea.sed of a Mr. Kaats, who had procured the title. He, however, remained but two years, while Stevens became a jtcrmanent resident. That year (1791), also, another man made his home in Oneida county with his family, whose residence there has been the theme of many a romantic tale. This was the hero of the celebrated episode of "Frenchman's i-sland." He has usually been motaniorphosed into Count St. Hi- lary, anil he and his young liride are generally suppo.sed to have fliil frnm the llcign of Terror in France; but, ac- cording til his own account, he left that country long before the period in (|uestion. Other published accounts have been still more fanciful. Indeed, the story has been writ- ten and told with so many variations, with so evident a desire to make the most of the romance, that some have doubted the truth of the whole account, and have looked on the noble Gaul anil his fair bride as a mere myth of an imaginative brain. But this is a mistake; there really was such a couple, and their adventures were sufficiently ro- mantic to make the aid of fiction entirely unnecessary. There are at lea.st three authentic records, by personal witnesses, regarding them. The first is found in the letters of Francis Adrian A^mderkcmp, regarding a voyage through Oneida lake in 1792, published in 1876 in the' Centennial adilrc-is of .John F. Seymour, at Trenton, Oneida county. The second is the " Castorland Journal," a very interesting account of the voyage of certain Frenchmen to tlie Black river byway of Oswego, in 17!I3. The "Journal" has not iieen published, but has been translated from the French and annotated by Dr. Franklin B. Hough, the well-known historian, to whom we are indebted for the privilege of using it. The third is the published travels of the Due de la Rochefoueauld-Liancourt, who saw the exiles in 1795. From these three accounts, which agree in all substantial rrs]jeets, it is ea.sy to learn the truth regarding the story of Frenchman's island. The mans name was De Valine or Desvalines; the latter is the form used by most of the witnesses, and will be adopted in this narrative. He claimed to have been a .seigneur near Lisle, France, and that bis father had squandered a large imrt of the estate. The young man sold the remainder for a sum variously estimated at from five thousand to forty thousiuid dollars, and came to America with his newly- wedded wife in 178(i, several years before the French revo- lution. Unu.scd to the country, and of a volatile di.spo- sitioii, he wasted half bis (iirtune in traveling and buying worthKss land, and tlirn, to recuperate, engaged in trade in New York with a partner who ran away with nearly all their joint jiroprrty. Desvatines gathered up the remaining pittance, and, disgusted with civilization, determined to make his home in the wilderness. He .sold the most of his furniture, but retained his library and a little silver for the table. It was in the spring or summer of IT'.'l that the exiles with their two children first located on " Frenchman's island," where Desvatines began to make a clearing with his own hands. He was unable to complete a building in which it was possible to pass the winter, and when that season approached he_ took his family to live with the OticUhi Indians at the cast end of the lake, while he spent his time hunting with the warriors. The Oiieti/im treated the unfortunate family very kindly, and Des\*atines always spoke of them with grateful warmth. In the spring of 1702 they returned to the island, where Madame Desvatines gave birth to a child, Camille Desva- tines, probably the first white child born in Oswego County outside the military establishments. Notwithstanding his somewhat frivolous disposition, Desvatines seems to have doiu' a good deal of hard work for a man who had been reared in e;ise. Unaided, and without a team, he cleared a tract of some six acres, planted it with corn, built a cabin in which his family could live, and a still ruder one which served as a kitchen. The nearest neighbor of the Desvatines was a Mr. Brace, previou.sly a Connecticut merchant, who built him a cabin in 1791 or 1792 on the site of I'on.stantia village, main- taining himself by hunting, fishing, and raising potatoes. Leaving Bruce. Desvatines, Bingham, and Stevens, as the white occupants of Oswego County outside of Fort ( )iitario, we must go back a little to look up the title to tin- laud and the municipal organizations. And first, regarding the latter. lu the spring of 171)1 the county of Herkimer was set off from Montgomery, embracing the whole country from the wist line of the latt( r i( unly to the last line of Ontario and from Tioga north to St. Lawrence. On the lllth of April, 1792, the first town was erected, of which the name is still retained, in Oswego County. This was Mexico. Its eastern boundary, as defined by law, was a line drawn north and south through the mouih of I'hittenango creek, on the south shore of Oneida lake, striking through the west part of Con.stantia, the east part of I'arish, and so on northward, leaving the eastern part of Oswego County in Whitestown. Its western boundary was the west line of the survey- townships of Lysander and Hannibal. North and .south it was near a hundred miles long. The old town records are all lost, and as the town was afterwards reorganized, same have doubted whether it was organized at all under the law of 1 792. There is every reasnn, however, to believe that it was, for there was already a considerabli- pojxdation in what is now Onondaga county. On the 22(1 of June, 1791, Alexatuh'r Macomb, of New York city, father of the celebrated general of the war of 1812, on behalf of a coinijany, suppiwed to consist of him- .self, Daniel McCormiik, and William Constable, ajiplied to the State couimi.ssiiiiitrs of the land-office to purchase a tract of nearly four million acres in the present counties of HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 45 St. Lawrence, Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, and Oswego. The southwestern boundary of the tract ran southeasterly from the mouth of Salmon river to the present southwest corner of Lewis county, thus inclosing the present towns of Redfield, Boylston, Orwell, Sandy Creek, and part of •Richland. The price offered w;is eightpence (which, in New York currency, wa.s about the same a.s eight cents) per acre. The proposition was accepted, and on the 10th of January, 1792, nearly two million acres, including the part of Oswego County above described, was conveyed to Macomb by patent. Macomb seems to have been very much embarrassed, and in June following conveyed the whole tract to Consta- ble. The latter immediately went to Paris to sell the land. An association was formed there, called the Castorland Com- pany, to purchase a large tract in Jefferson and L^wis counties. The agents of that company were the authors of the " Castorland Journal" before referred to, and which will be again drawn upon for information. Constable, that same year, sold over a million acres, in- cluding the Oswego lands, to Samuel Ward, who imme- diately transferred to Thomas Boylston, of Boston, a tract of eiglit hundred thousand acres, of which those lands were a part. Thence came the name of the Boylston tract. Boylston held the Oswego County portion three or four years, but finally it was reconveyed to Constable, doubtless for in- ability to complete the payment. While in Boylston's hands, or lield by trustees for him, it was surveyed into townships, of which all the names but one have been dropped from use. Township No. 12 of that tract was called Redfield, and now constitutes the south part of the town of that name. No. 7, being now the north part of Redfield, was called Arcadia. No. G, now Boylston, was Campania; No. 11, now Orwell, was Longinus; while No. 10, comprising the present town of Sandy Creek, the north part of Richland, and the corner of Albion, then bore the terrible appellation of " Rhadamant." Minos, the companion judge of Rhadamanthus, was honored by his name being given to the present town of Ellisburg, Jefferson county. These two last names, not to be found in any of the gazetteers, were procured from a curious old map, in the possession of the Scriba family, showing all the survey-townships of northern and central New York, seventy years ago. A few weeks after Macomb made his application, John and Nicholas Roosevelt, likewise of New York city, applied to the commissioners to purchase a tract of a little over five hundred thousand acres, lying between Oneida lake, Oswego river. Lake Ontario, Macomb's purcha,se, and " Orthout's (latent." The price offered was three .shillings and one penny (nearly thirtj'-nine cents) per acre. One-sislh of the purchase money was to be paid in six months, one-half of the remainder in one year, and tlie rest in two years. These terms were accepted by the commissioners, and there is in the possession of the Scriba family a certificate of such acceptance, under the broad seal of the State, signed by Governor George Clinton. On the 7th day of April, 1792, the Roosevelts sold their contract to the person whose name has ever since been as- sociated with that immense tract of land. This was George Frederick William Augustus Scriba, who usuallysigned him self simply George Scriba, a native of Holland, and then a mer- chant of New York city. To ascertain the number of acres for which Scriba was to pay, the outer boundaries of the tract were run and the contents estimated, in 1792, for the Roose- velts, by James Cockburn, under the general direction of his brother William, an eminent surveyor, of Kingston, New York. With the necessary assistants, James Cock- burn passed down the north shore of Oneida lake, and fol- lowed all the windings of the Oneida and O.swego rivers, constantly measuring distances and taking angles. Arriv- ing at Oswego, he applied to the commander to let him run his line to the mouth of the river. But the ofi&eer refused to allow him to come within range of the guns of the fort. So he was obliged to make an offset and strike the lake east of the fort, though he managed to take several observations by means of the flagstaff. The fort, which then mounted only four carriage-guns, was garrisoned by a company of Royal Americans and a few artillerists. There were no inhabitants outside the fort, and a British custom-house officer exercised his functions as coolly as if the territory belonged to King George III. Cockburn then proceeded along the south shore of Like Ontario, and the northeastern and eastern lines of the pur- chase. On completing his work he made a map of the tract, under the name of the Roosevelt Purchase, a few copies of which are still extant. Mr.. Scriba did not receive a patent for the tract until December, 1794 ; but before reaching that point we must turn our attention again to the course of settlement. Lawrence Van Valkenburgh, popularly known as '■ tho major," having acquired an interest in lot 75, on the west side of the river, came there early in 1792, accompanied by two laborers, Valentine and Schermsrhorn,- and a colored slave boy called " Har." Two men, named Olcott and Fow- ler, brought some Indian goods to the falls a little later, and began trading. Major Van Valkenburgh. having set his men to work, returned eiist. In his absence Schermerhorn died, and was buried by Olcott, Valentine, and " Har," en- wrapped in a blanket, while a few pieces of bark did duty in place of a coffin. Shortly afterwards, and before the iuajor's return, Val- entine contracted a special friendship for a squaw, or was suspected of having done so by her copper-colored liege lord. The latter made some hostile demoiLStrations against the intruder, a quarrel ensued, and Valentino struck the Indian on the head with a hoe, causing his death. Instantly a tremendous excitement arose among the Indians, accom- panied by a very natural terror on the part of the two or three whites and the negro. Valentine sold Major Van Valkenburgh's oxen and gun to the English at Oswego, and fled to Canada. Olcott and " Har" left for the eastern settlements, but were met at Three Rivers point by the major, who returned to the fall.s with them, and addres.sed himself to the task of pacifying the Indians. The British commander at Fort Ontario seat up a detachment of soldiers for the .same purpo.se. These efforts were successful, though there w;is much ill feeling for a long period. Governor Clinton offered a reward ti)r the capture of V^al- entine, and in time thj latter w;is brouglit b.ick from Canada. 4G III8TOUV OF OSWEGO COUNTY. NKW YORK. It i^ said tliat the person who liroufilit him [pnimisfd to <;ivo liiui hail" the reward if he would come (iiiiutly, as iheie was no extraditiou treaty in those days. Valentine was tried at Whitef-lMiro', tlicn the county wat of Herkimer eoiinty. and atf|uitted, hut the tniditiun runs that the sjKjeulator who arrested him kept the whole of the reward. Another event of 1792 wa.s the expedition of Francis Adrian Vanderkemp, a distiniruished citizen of Holland, who fled from that country on account of having engaged in an unsuccessful attempt at revolution, and who was ex- amining' the Roosevelt purchase with a view to .settlement. He was accompanied by the Baron De Zeng, a German nobleman, sometimes called Major De Zeng, who had come from Saxony to take part in the American Revolution, and had become a perniam'nt resident of tlie country. In June the travelers, with two servants, entered Oneida lake in their canoe, and proceeded to the mouth of Scriba creek (where Constantia village now stands), which w;is then called Bruce creek, from the solitary resident of that name before mentioned. They then visited " Frenchman's island." It has been questioned as to which of the two islands near together was actually occupied by " the Frenchman," but Vanderkemp's statement is direct that it was " the largest and uio.st westerly." His account of the e.xiles Ls very in- teresting, and is none the less so from the occasional rjuaint- ness of the worthy Hollander's Engli.sh. He .says, — "This island might in ancient days have been the happy seat of a goddess, in the middle ages that of a magician, or a fairy's residence in the times of chivalry. Proceeding on one after another the stately trees through which we per- ceived yet the last glances of the setting sun, we were at once after a few rods, surprised with an enchanting view, of wliich it is not in my power to give you an adetjuatc de- scription. All that the poets did sing of the gardens of Alcinous, all the scenery of those of Armida, so highly decorated by Virgil and Ariosto, could scarce have made upQH' me, who was eajitivated unawares and bewildered, a more deep impression than this spectacle of nature. We did sec here a luxuriant soil in its virgin bloom ; we did see indu.stry crowned with blessing ; we did see here what great things a frail man can perform if he is willing. It seemed a paradise which happiness had chosen for her residence. Our jiath, gradually increasing in breadth, did lead us to the circumference of a cleared circle surrounded with lime- trees ; at Ixjth sides of the path was planted Indian corn, already grown from four to five feet, while a few plants towards the middle ol'tliis patch were six feet long, and this in the middle of .J line. A small cottage of a few feet .s<|uare stood nearly in the centre of this .spot. It had a bark cover- ing, and to the lefl of it asimilar one, three-fourths uncovered, and ajipropriated for a kitchen. Here was the residence of M r. and Madame des Wattines [the Hollander's rendering of the French name], with their three children. They lived there without servants, without neighbors, without a cow ; they lived, as it were, separated from the world. Des Wattines sallied forward and gave us a cordial welcome in his demesnes. The well-educated man was easily recognized through his sloven dress. Ragged as he appeared, without a coat or hat, hi.- manners were those of a gentleman ; his address that of one who had s(x;n the higher circles of civilized life. A female, from wlio.se remaining beauties might be conjec- tured how uniny had been tarnished by adversity, was sit- ting in the entrance of this cot. She was dre.ssed in white, in a .short gown and petticoat, garnished with the s;inie stuff; her chestnut-brown hair flung back in ringlets over her shoulders, her eyes fixed on her darling Camille, a native of this isle, at her breast; while two children, stand- ing at each side of her, played in her lap. Her appearance was amiable indeed ; a wild imagination might have lost herself, and have considered the wearied, toiling Des Wat- tines as the magician who kept this beautiful woman in slavery, but ere soon the charm dwindled away. Esteem for the man filled our bosom, and when you considered how indetiitigably he must have exerted him.sclf, what sacrifices he must have made, what hardships endured, to render her situation comfortable and rear roses for her on this island, so deep in the western wilderness then, notwithstanding all the foibles which a fastidious, cool observer might discover at his fireside, in a character and conduct as that of Des Wattines, he becomes an object of admiration. I, at least, gazed at him in wonder. l)es Wattines introduced us to his spouse. She received us with that easy politeness which well-educated peojile seldom lose entirely, and urged, with so much grace, to sit down, that we could not refuse it with- out incivility. This couple was now in the second year on this island, and all the improvements which we had seen were the work of Des Wattines' hand.s exclusively. " Mr. Vanderkemp describes the interior of the cabin as containing a few trunks, a few chairs, an oval table, two neat beds, a double-barreled gun, and a handsome collection of books, chiefly in modern French lit^'rature. The follow- ing delineation display's the French love of adornment, even in the most adverse circumstances : " Des Wattines had laid out behind the cottage a pretty garden, divided by a walk in the middle. The two fore- most beds, and nilxilm, against the house were covered with a variety of flowers ; sweet wiliiams. lady slippers, with a few decaying hyacinths. At the right hand were bush beans, large kidney beans at poles, cabbage, turnips, peas, salado, with that strong-scented herbage which we call Iceovel (cheovel), and which you purcha.se so dear at your arrival in New York, although its culinary use in cakes and soup was then yet unknown there; at the left, watermelons, canteloj)eji, eucumbci-s, persil, string peas, with a few of the winter provisions, all in great forwardness, with few or no weeds among them ; behind the garden a small nursery of ap]ile-trees, which was c1o.s(hI with a patch of lu.xuriant potatoes, and these again were joined both sides by wheat, describing a semicircle around it." When Desvatines learned that the travelers were going to Lake Ontario in a canoe, he generously oflered tlieni his sjifcr and more commodious lialeaii. which they thankfully accepted. With it Vanderkemp and De Zeng proceeded without any adventure of note to Oswego. They found Fort On- tario garrisoned by only one cmnpany of British troops, under Captain Wickham, a Rhode I.slander by birth. He treated the travelers very politely, and allowed Mr. I'rice, the interpreter of the post, to conduct them to the mouth HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 47 of Salmon creek. Nevertheless, Vanderkemp records with iudigiiatioii that he saw " in thi.s despicable fortress seven barrels of salt taken from an American bateau, by an American runaway, now a Briti.sh custuni-housc officer." Tiie travelers were very near being wrecked near the mouth of Salmon creek, and Vanderkemp's curious descrip- tion of the adventure is very amusing in spite of the danger he delineates. Price gave up the helm to one of the hands who professed to be a good sailor. There was a strong wind, and from fear of goinuld n'Uiain as a hos- tage, and that his companions should not go into Canada. Brunei agreed to stay if Seliroeder would take care of him in the fort, but would not give his parole and camp on the west side of the river. But the worthy commandant was horrified at the idea of admitting a Frenehinan within the sacred precincts of his fortress. Monsieur Brunei might stay on the other side and fire his gun when he wanted food, and the commandant seemed to have no objections to the young man's returning to Oswego falls to slay till his companions' return. Even this privilege was not obtained without ]iromising the com- mandant a case of gin and .some powder and lead. Brunei, however, disliked to remain behind ; so his companions hid him under a tarpaulin, took him .safely past the .sentry, and steered for the mouth of Black river. When returning from their explorations, on the 2Sth of October, the party came in sight of the fort before they knew it. They landed Brunei some two miles from the post, so that he could cut across through the woods to the Oswego river, without his presence being discovered. The two other Frenchmen and Do Zeng proceeded on foot to the fort. They were met by Lieutenant Holland, the second in command, to whom they satisfactorily explained their proceedings and whom tliey dt-scribe as a very gentle- manly person. A year and a half later he was the hero of an exciting adventure, ending in tragedy, of which mention will be made firther on. On their arrival at the fort Captain Schroeder declared he must hold them jirisoners till the return of his hostage, but w;is pacified by the presentation of the gifts which had been promised him. The travelers iiu.-lud iiji the river, but were very anxious about Brunei. Pharoux went to seek him, but got lost himself, and had to sleep in the woods. Brunei, meantime, had met a jiatrol in the forest seeking deserters, but had evaded suspicion and got away, and the whole party was united the next day at the portage. They found families there, emigrating westward, probably to the Genesee. There ajijiear to have been several resi- dents about the falls engaged in spearing salmon, whieh they packed in Onondaga salt (costing a dollar and a half a Imiidred ) and sold for from two to three dollai-s |ier barrel." The Frenchmen .say that this facility of living by hunting and fishing made the people indolent, and that they saw men sitting in the sun while their log hou.ses were not yet covered willi bark, at the last of October. On the thirty-first of that month they arrived at New Rotterdam, where they sujijied and lodged "at the log hou.se of .Mr. Seiiba." They visit*'d Pesvatiiies, whose new house was not covered and was "as o[icii ils a cage;" yet the Frenchmen say, — ■' We found his wife and three little children as jovial as Cupids. They made the ino.st they could of their jwor barrack, where they would be obliged to spend the winter, as from all appearances it could not be finished this sca.soii. ' He had at that time a couple of cows whieh had been obtained by the side of fine embroidered clothing, uud his HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 49 poultry-yard contained a few fowls ; these were liis sole pos- sessions, except his " chance" on the land. The travelers mention Mr. Scriba's intention to open a road from Now Rotterdam to tlie mouth of Salmon creek, and express their expectation that that will become the main route of trade between the lakes, — the same idea which led Mr. Scriba to his ruin. The party left for the east, attended for some distance by the indefatii;able Des- vatines in a dilapidated canoe, and soon passed beyond the limits of Oswego County. We may mention, however, that the Castorland Company bought the lands for which they were negotiating, but their proposed colony was a com- plete failure. On the 5th of March, 1794, the county of Onondaga was set off from Herkimer, embracing all of the present counties of Onondaga, Cortland, and Cayuga, and that part of Oswego west of the Oswego river. On tlie same day that part of the town of Mexico situated in the now county was organized into four new towns. Of these, Lysander embraced all of the present Oswego County west of the river, and a large part of Onondaga. The others were farther south. This left Mexico " out in the cold." All the territory remaining to it was north of Oneida lake and river, in which, so far as known, the only white men living were Mr. Stevens, at Fort Brewerton, and Mr. Masters, and possibly one or two more, at Fulton. The town organiza- tion, of course, fell through, and this solves the mystery as to how it happened that Mexico was twice created by law, as will appear a little farther on. For several years, about the time now under consideration, there was great alarm felt all along the frontier regarding the Indians. The western savages broke out into open war, and those in this State were still sore and angry over the chastisement inflicted on them during the Revolution. The three or four settlers at Oswego falls felt tliein.selves in especial danger on account of the fatal affray already related. Another event of far more importance, but tending to the same result, and occurring about the same time, is re- lated in Clark's " Onondaga." The British, as has been said, levied duties on all American boats passing by Oswego. The hardy boatmen, chafing at this exaction on what they considered their own territory, frequently attempted to run by in the night, and sometimes succeeded. The British commander hired some Americans to give notice of the approach of boats. When these spies were discovered, they were mercilessly punished by Judge Lynch, several being whipped at " Salt Point," now Syracuse, where there was already a considerable settlement. The bitter feeling against the English which hud come down from the Revolution (especially on the New York frontier, so long ravaged by tomahawk and scalping-knife) was intensified by the ex- tortion practiced at Oswego, and many were disposed to sanction the most desperate reprisals. At this juncture it was learned tiiat Colonel Guy Johnson, still superintendent of Indian affairs in Canada, had pur- chased in Albany a valuable boat-load of stores for the Mohawks in that province, and that it w-as coming through by the usual route to Oswego. Thirty or forty reckless men, incited alike by greed and hatred, determined lu rob it. A report was set afloat that the government had begun granting letters of reprisal against Great Britain for injuries to our commerce. The marauders were very ready to be- lieve it, and equally ready to waive the formality of a com- mission. They posted themselves on Oneida river, near Three Rivers point, seized on the boat as its crew unsus- pectingly steered it down the stream, divided its contents among themselves, and quickly scattered to their respective homes. They were condemned by a majority even of the fron- tiersmen, were it only for prudential reasons. Nothing could possibly have been more dangerous to the infant set- tlement than the seizure of goods intended for the Indians. Guy Johnson came to Oswego. Many Indians gathered there and at Niagara, threatening revenge. It is believed that a plan was fully arranged by which, if Wayne was defeated in the west, a body of Indians under the terrible Brant should make a descent on the Onondaga settlement. The robbers, learning too late what a storm they had raised, endeavored to keep themselves and their plunder concealed. By diligent efforts, however, on the part of the better class of citizens and the officials, a large part of the stolen goods was obtained and restored to the owners, and other means taken to placate them. It was while matters were in this excited condition that, on the 3d of June, 1794, the few settlers at the falls, and those scattered through Lysander, and even still farther south, distinctly heard the sounds of cannon borne on a gentle northern breeze from the direction of Oswego. Two or three shots might have been easily accounted for, but when the reverberations continued for a quarter of an hour — twenty minutes — half an hour — and still showed no signs of cessation, a feeling of dismay spread rapidly among the settlers. Not knowing what could have happened, they imagined everything. Perhaps Guy Johnson, John Butler, and the terrible Thayeudanegea were even then ascending the Oswego with a horde of rangers and Senecas, though it was hard to imagine why they should be wasting so much powder. Some became almost distracted. Men, women, and children ran about among their neighbors, though neighbors were then a long way apart, inquiring if they had seen any Indians coming. Some began to bury their most valuable effects, and others hastily yoked up the oxen, which were their only teams, half disjjosed to leave the country at once. At length, after what seemed an intolerable number of shots had been fired, the sounds ceased, and, as no enemy could be heard of, peace was gradually restored to the hearts of the dismayed people. Had they counted the number of shots they would have found that just a hundred had been fired, and the next comers from Oswego informed them that the commandant was merely celebrating the birthday of King George the Third. General Wayne's great victory over the western Indians in the summer of 1794 had a very soothing effect on these in the east, and thenceforward they showed very little dis- position to raise the tomahawk against their white neighbors. During this period of excitement, and not later than 1794, as narrated in Clark's ''Onondaga," Mr. Oliver Stevens obtained authority from Governor Clinton to erect 50 HIST()KY OI' OSWKG(3 COUNTY, .NEW lUUK. a block- liou3c, at the t.'xpense of the State, at Fort Brewer- ton, the fort itself not beiui; in a situation for defense by any garrison which could be rallied there. Mr. S. built the bliick-house but a few .steji.s suutli of the oM flirt, and e.\actly on the site of the present Fort Brewerton hotel. In 1794, also, Beujamin Wright, of Rome, afterwards a celebrated surveyor and engineer, made an outline survey of the Roosevelt tract for the purjio.se of a.seertaining the area for Mr. Scriba. lie had the usual trouble about passing Fort Ontario, and was fired on by the g-arri.son. No damage w;is done, but it was only by uiukiiig a wide ■'offset" that the surveyors ran that part of the line. Pursuing their way, they completed the outline of the tract, wliieh Wright reported to Seriba as containing five hundred and twenty- five thousand and si.xty-three acres. There were a few more log houses built in New Rotterdam that year, and a road was probably opened from that point to the mouth of Salmon creek, though po.s.sibly not till the next spring. Mr. S. also .spent a great deal of money in repairing his mill and dam, which occasioned him a great deal of trouble. In the mean time, genial Major Van Valkenburgh and the Knglish officers at Fort Ontario had become excellent friends. In the fall of 1794, the prospect of the long cold winter was so disheartening, and the disposition of the Indians was still so uncertain, that the major accepted an invitation given him by Captain Schroeder, whose name American tradition has converted into " Shade," to take his family down and spend the winter there with the captain and his wife. Comfortable quarters were accordingly fitted up, and the major aTid his family remained at the post until sjiring. In the spring the stay of the visitors was cut short by an explosion at the fort, — but not of gunpowder. In April, 1795, Captain Schroeder and one of his lieutenants went hunting wild fowl at Sodus bay. Lieutenant Hidiand, the good-looking young officer so cordially mentioned by Pharoux and Dcsjardines, remained in command of the fort. Mrs. Schroeder was also young and handsome, while her husband was somewhat older. While at Sodus the captain was notified of the mi.sconduct of his wife and Lieutenant Holland. He came back raving with fury. Lieutenant Ilnlland was secreted to save his life, while the other officers and the soldiers restrained and guarded the captain. At night Lieutenant H. came and tapped at Major Van Valkenburgh's window, begging him to protect Mrs. Siliroedcr from her hu.sband's wrath. He then embarked ill an open boat and made his way to Kingston, Canada. The next day the captain coiilnicted with Major Van Valkenburgh to take his wife to Schenectady, on the way to her father, who was a Georgian, and had been a Tory in the Revolution. Schroeder threw a handful of money in his wife's lap, but she flung it on the floor, saying, " I don't thank him for it. I can draw for what I want." That afternoon young Abram Van Valkenburgh, with a boat- man, took her and her woman servant in a boat, and started for ,*sclu'iieetady. Not long afterwards Schroeder went to Montreal and challenged Holland. A duel ensued, in which both were wounded, Holland mortally. So it seems there were some bad people in the " good old times," eighty years ago. In the spring of 1795, Mr. Scriba, having now a complete title to his domain, began operations on a larger scale. He had some buildings erected at the mouth of Salmon creek, where he contemplated the founding of a city to be called Vera Cruz. He employed Mr. Wright to survey out the tract into towuships, — a task of no slight magnitude. A base-line was established running southeast from Fort On- tario to Fort Stauwix ( Rome i, and nearly all the township lines were made parallel to, or at right angles with, that base. The townships averaged about forty si|uare miles each, but there was no definite size established. Those in • Oswego County were named by Scriba as follows : Township No. 5 was called Franklin (now the town of Williamstown) ; No. 6 was Middluburgh (now Amboy); No. 11, Rotterdam (now Constantia;; No. 12, Kelft (now West Monroe) ; No. 13, Breda (now Hastings) ; No. 14 was Brugen (comprising all of Palermo except about a fifth on the west side) ; No. 15 w;is Mcntz (now embracing the west part of Palermo and the northeast part of Volney) ; No. IG Wiis named Georgia (comprising the west third of Schroeppel and the south part of Volney). The eiist two- thirds of Scliroeppel was then township 24, and was named Erlaug. No. 17 was called Frcderick.sburg, after Mr. Scriba's son, Frederick, and comprised the northwest part of Volney, the south part of Scriba, and a portion of Oswego city ; No. 18 was called Oswego, but only a very little of it has gone into the city of that name; the rest forms the north part of the present town of Scriba ; No. 19 was Vera Cruz; it em- braced the present town of New Haven, and a narrow strip on the lake-shore now belonging to Mexico; No. 20 wa.s called Mexico, and corresponded to the present Mexico, except that the strip just mentioned has been taken ofi^ from Vera Cruz, and a small triangle, in which Union Square is situated, which has been taken from Richland ; No. 21 was Rich- land, and comprised about three-fifths of the town of that name south of Salmon river; No. 22 was Alkniaer, now the town of Albion ; No. 23 was Strasburg, which corre- sponded exactly with the jircsent town of Parish. These townships were laid out with lines mostly parallel, and perpendicular to the baseline running from Fort Stanwix to Fort Ontario. None of them lay on both sides of that line. Soon after receiving his patent, Mr. Scriba conveyed many large tracts to other parties. Several town- ships went to the Roosevelts, in payment for their original contract for the laud. A large part of their interest was soon sold under a decree in chancery, and the town of Richland, a large part of Volney, and half of Scriba (as well as Vienna, Oneida county), were bought by General Alexander Hamilton, John Lawrence, and John H. Church, and is still known as Hamilton's Gore. The township of Vera Cruz (now New Haven) was transferred to William Henderson, who in the next year resold it to Scriba. In fact, there was in tlio.se days a constant trafficking back and forth, between adventurous men, in great tracts of land in northern and central New York, very much as there is between sporting men in horses at the present time. They traded, apparently, as much for the sake of trading as for anything else. For two or three years after Mr. Scriba bought the tract it was still described in deeds as the Roosevelt purchase, but afterwards it was termed Scriba's patent. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 51 The most definite information that wc liave of the con- dition of the county this year is from the publislied travels of the Duke de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, a French nobleman, who made extensive journeys and elaborate ob- servations in the United States in 1795-'J7, and who ]>assed down the Oneida and Oswego rivers in June of the first-named year. He found about a dozen poor log houses at Rotterdam (for the prefix " New" appears to have l)cen dropped about this time), mostly erected at Mr. Scriba's expense. Besides these there were only Mr. Van- derkemp's farm and one other clearing, with a log house upon it, along the whole north shore of Oneida lake. But the road to Vera Cruz was already opened, and Mr. Scriba was then building a fine frame house, which he proposed to occupy as a store. If this store was opened that year it was the first in the county intended for the custom of white men. The duke also gives an account of the hero and heroine of Frenchman's island. The Desvatines were still residing at Rotterdam, and the duke describes him as a man of thirty, gay and active, always laughing, accustomed to labor, com- plaining of nothing, and on good terms with all his neigh- bors. He exchanged work with them, and sold them the products of his well-cultivated garden. He was delighted at seeing a countryman, and, generous as ever, insisted on supplying the duke with vegetables without price. After having sold his jewelry and his fine clothing he had finally been obliged to dispose of his library to Mr. Vanderkemp, though he still retained several standard French works. The three children before mentioned were all living. Madame Desvatines is portrayed by the gallant duke as then only twenty-four years of age, though her oldest child was nearly ten. He says, — " She appears bright and intelligent ; makes hay, bread, and soap, and does the kitchen-work ; yet her hands are quite delicate. She is lively, good, and has eyes of pecu- liarly sweet and agreeable expression." La Rochefoucauld evidently considered Desvatines' troubles as largely owing to his unstable disposition, and suggests that his Gallic devotion to other ladies had aroused some jealousy on the part of his wife, who was warmly attached to him. This is the last definite record that we have regarding the celebrated, though half mythical, occupants of French- man's island. They certainly left Constantia at an early period ; but whether to return to their beloved France, or to seek a subsistence in some other part of xVmerica, we are unable to say. The same fanciful story which transforms Djsvatines into the Count St. Hilary states that the exiles were rescued from the island by Chancellor Livingston, and were aided to return to France after the Reign of Terror was over. But they certainly left their island in 1793, and if there was any truth whatever in the Livingston story it must have referred to some other persons and locality. La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt found at Oswego falls, in 1795, a tavern kept by one William Shorter, who also drew boats around the falls with a yoke of oxen. It was about this time that Oliver Stevens, the pioneer of PortBrewerton, had an exciting adventure in the central part of the county, our account of which is principally de- rived from Clark's "Onondaga." He had some business in the north part of the county, perhaps at Mr. Scriba's new city of Vera Cruz, and accordingly set forth at dawn, on foot, with his rifle on his shoulder and a haversack well stored with provisions at his side. There was not even a foot-path to guide him, but he boldly selected the course he thought he ought to take and jilunged into the forest. Holding his course, as he supposed, steadily in the same direction, he strode on over hill and dale. Noon came, and ho transferred a part of the load in his haversack to where it could be more conveniently carried. On he went again, and by the middle of the afternoon he began to bo seriously alarmed because no signs of settlement nor of the lake had been seen. He soon became convinced that he had lost his way, a fact that was not made any more pleasant by hearing the howls of a pack of wolves resounding through the forest. He hurried on, hoping to strike some clearing, but none was to be seen. The howls of the wolves came nearer and nearer. They had evidently scented their prey, and soon their shaggy forms were seen among the trees. It is sel- dom that the ordinary gray wolf will attack a man in the daytime ; but these were not only spurred on by hunger but were led by a large black wolf, a member of the fiercest species of the lupine genus. With open jaws and flaming eyes, he came boldly on within a few paces of the weary traveler. Stevens fired his rifle, and the monster fell dead in his tracks. The gray wolves halted, and though the scent of blood made them howl more fiercely than ever, yet the loss of their leader materially diminished their courage. Stevens faced them, and after a few moments they retired some distance, though not out of sight, and seated themselves on their haunches in a group, as if holding a council of war. Mr. Stevens reloaded his rifle, and then, being, like all good frontiersmen, provided with flint and tinder-box, he proceeded to kindle a fire, to which he dragged the body of his slain enemy. The wolves howled and raged and dashed to and fro among the trees like so many demons. Satisfied that they were afraid of him, the traveler flung a burning brand among them, when they immediately dispersed. Feel- ing safe by the side of his blazing fire, and determined to gain something by his adventure, Mr. Stevens coolly pro- ceeded to skin his prey. By the time he had finished it was dark. Gathering more fuel, he kept up a big fire all night, and remained awake by the side of it. All night long his cowardly enemies howled in the distance, but just before morning they finally retreated. Having made a breakfast from the contents of his haver- sack, Mr. Stevens strapped his wolf-skin on his back, shoul- dered his rifle, and, laying his course by the appearance of light in the east, endeavored to make his way back to Fort Brewerton. But the sun did not shine, and he soon found himself wandering aimlessly through the forest. All day he tramped wearily on, and at night was as hopelessly lost as ever. Again he built a fire ; but this time he did not attempt to keep awake. If the wolves wanted to seize him by his own fireside they could do so. Utterly exhausted, he flung himself down on the damp ground and slept suinidly and safely till morning. HISTOIIY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NKW YORK. A^aill tlio dispirited traveler set forth on lii.i jouniev, still carrying liis black wolf-skin. About ten o'clock lii-s eyes were gladdened with the view of a clearing. Hurrying forward, he .s;iw what, doubtless, had often made his heart swell with bittenifss before, but which now appeariKl like the very .star of hope itself, — the banner of St. Giiorge float- ing over the ramparts of Fort Ontario. There the wan- derer was hos|)ilubly welcomed, and there he remained through the rest of the day and the succeeding night. Two more days were occupied in returning home, for the traveler felt no iiiclinalion to go "across lots," but consci- entiously followed all the windings of the Oswego and the Oneida. All the while he stuck to his black wolfskin, and in due time received from the proper authorities a bounty of forty dollars for destroying that foe of the .sheepfold. On the 26th day of February, 1796, the town of Mexico was rcorgani7,ed by law. There were then but a very few settlers in what wjls left of the old town, the eastern bound- ary of which, it will be remembered, was a line running north from the mouth of Chittenango creek, in Madi.son county. Two or three families at Fulton, one or two at Fort IJrewerton, and perhaps a few along Scriba's new road, comprised the whole number. There were some, however, around Rotterdam, who were a long distance from the jirincipal settlements in Steuben, the town to which they then belonged. A large portion of that town was therefore annexed to Mexico, which w;is made to run as far east as Scriba's patent, and also included nearly all of the present counties of Lewis and Jeft'crson this side of Black river. The first town-meeting was directed to be held at the house of John Meyer, in the survey-township of Rotter- dam (Constantia). There is no record, however, to show that any was held. Mr. Meyer was the agent of Scriba, and was naturally the most important man in town. That year the British flag ceased to arouse the anger of Americans as it waved over the dilapidated fortress at the mouth of the Oswego. Ever since the Revolution nego- tiations had been going on between the United States and Great Britjtin on the subject, but for a long time without success. Knowing but too well the weakness of America, Washington resisted with patriotic firmness the clamors of the more reckless classes for the redress of our injuries by war. .At length, after years of fruitless diplomacy, John Jay was sent as minister to England, and succeeded in negotiating a treaty by which all ditficultics were settled, and the frontier forts were agreed to be giveu up by the British on or before the 1st day of June, 1796. The stipulation.s on the part of the United States were such that the bitterest feeling ag-ainst the treaty w;is aroused on the part of the friends of revolutionary France, who were rapidly showing their opjxisition to the conservative policy of Washington, .\danis, and Jay. In the south, e-specially. Jay was denounced with unbounded fury. Washington, however, sustained him, the senate confirmed the treaty, and New York s;iiK-tiuned the course of her honored son by electing him her governor for two successive terras of three years each. Still, Virginia managed to make trouble by refusing to pay debts due to British subjects, and difficulties ensued on account of which Forts Ontario and Niagara were not sur- rendered till July. In fact, the western forts were not yielded until two years later. So quickly do historic facts become involved in uncertainty, that Clark's '• Onondag;»," issued thirty years ago, staled that Fort Ontario Wiis one of the posts which were not surrendered until 1798, and .some other writers have adopted the same view. To fix the date beyond question, we publish a copy, furnished by B. B. Burt, Esq., of a letter written to George Scriba by the ofiicer who received the surrender. It was originally pub- lished in Greenlears Aew I'ork Journal and I'alriulic AJverliser, on the 2d of August, 1796, and reads as fol- lows: "Fort Oxtabio, July l.i, l"y6. " De.^r Sir, — I have the pleasure of informing you that the American flag, under a federal salute, was for the first time displayed from the citadel of this fort at the hour of ten this morning. A Captain Clark and Colonel Fother- gill were his majesty's officers, left with a detachment of thirty men for the protection of the works. From these gentlemen the greatest politeness and civility was displayed to us in adjusting the transfer. The buildings and gardens were left in the neatest order; the latter, being consiilorably exten.sive and in high culture, will be no small addition to the comfort of the American officers who succeed this sum- mer. " I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, etc., '• F. Elmer." A small detachment of American troops, under a lieu- tenant, now occupied Fort Ontario, and the eyes of their passing countrymen were greeted by the joyful sight of the star-.spanglcd banner, their ears saluted by the beloved if not melodious strains of Yankee Doodle. How tenaciously the English held their grip as long as they possibly could, is shown by the fact that only a very short time before the final surrender, Joshua Stow, on his way with several boats to survey the " Western Reserve" in Ohio, was refused permission to pass by the retl-coated autocrat of Oswego. In vain he pleaded that he had sup- plies and surveying tools on board, and that the whole work in Ohio would be disarranged if he was detaitied. It was " no go." Stow apparently acciuicsced, and started back up the river. A few miles up he stopped, and waited for night. When it came and was at its darkest he ran down again, glided quietly past the sleepy sentinels, gained the lake, and jiroceedcd on his way. Arriving at Niagara, he found that post already in the hands of the Americans. The same year that England surrendered her hold on the position at the mouth of one of the principal rivers of Oswego County, a distinguished British subject acquired an interest at the mouth of the other principal stream. On the Kith of November, 179t), a tract of three miles .square at the mouth of Salmon river, on the north side, wxs con- veyed to a Mrs. Golden, in trust for Thomas Douglas, Eiirl of Selkirk, a Scotch nobleman, who doubtless hail an idea of making a great commercial emporium at the mouth of Salmon river. Either John Love and Ziba I'liillips established them- selves as traders at Oswego immediately after the British left, or else, which is r|uite probable, they had been there HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 53 before. Tlio same year Neil McMuIlin, a nievclianfc of King.ston, New York, moved to O.swcgo with lii.s family, bringing with him a house framed at that plaee. He found Love and Phillips there, but the latter left not long afterward.s. Captain Edward O'Connor, one of the gallant l)and who liad followed Colonel Miilett in the weary march through the snow, at the time of the futile attempt to .surprise Port Ontario, located himself at Oswego the .same year as Mr. MciMullin. He, with his family, however, went to " Salt Point" to stay during the winter, and such was the custom with several of the new-comers for two or three years. Considerable business at once began to flow through the embryo city as soon as the restraint of a foreign power was withdrawn, fur there was absolutely no other way to reach the west, with heavy freight, save by this route. Although the fort was on the east side of the river, all the new- comers located on the other shore. In what year the first settlement was made in the present town of Mexico is not certain. It may have been in 1795, when Scriba's great road from Rotterdam to Vera Cruz was first opened, and it was certainly as early as 1796. In that year the city of Vera Cruz, at tlie mouth of Salmon creek, just below the present hamlet of Texas, was laid out and mapped by Benjamin Wright, and that gentlemen then re- sided there as the agent of Mr. Scriba. A store was built there that year, and although Scriba was a very adventurous jterson, it is reasonable to presume that he did not build a store unless there was somebody lived in the vicinity besides his agent. In November, 179 hi-stories. Benjamin Wright, of Vera Cniz, Mr. Scriba's surveyor and agent, was appointed a justice of the peace in 1798, being probably the second one in the county. Jlr. Scriba pushed forward his settlements in Rotterdam and at Vera Cruz and along the road between with all pos- sible speed. The latter-named place was destined to be the grejit commercial emporium of central New York. It must have been in the latter part of 1798 or forepart of 1799 that one Captain Geerman started a ship-yard and built a small schooner. No mention of the vessel is made in the assessment-roll of 1798, and the oldest residents say it was in 1799 that the accident happened to it which, with its con.scquence8, cast a gloom over all the scanty settlements around. It will be adverted to in the town history of Mexico, but at the time it occurred it was a matter of very wide general interest, and even yet the story of the remark- able disasters of the Vera Cruz pioneers claims the mournful attention of every sympathetic reader. It has therefore been thought proper to insert an account of them here, principally drawn from a statement furnished many years ago to the Mexico Lulcpeiuienl by Mr. Goodwin, of thai village, after careful consultation with several old residents, now deceased. At that time the country amund Kingston, Canada, which had been settled at a miieh earlier ])i'riod, was the ordinary resource for getting i)rovisions, or grinding those raised here. Men sometimes took two or three bushels of grain across the lake in an open boat, got it ground, and returned by the same precarious conveyance. Either to relieve a scarcity of j)rovisions before harvest, or to get grinding done after it. Captain (icerman, in the summer of 1799, accompanied by a young man nameutting up a mere hut of poles, shingled with bark. Then late and early his axe rang among the nionarchs of the forest. When a few acres had been cut down he probably made a logging-bee, one of the great events of pioneer life, and got his ground cleared ready for a crop of winter wheat. If he had no money to buy seed or neces- sary i)rovisions, he earned them by working for his more fortunate neighbors. Having .sown his piece of winter wheat, he j)roeeeded, before snow came, to put up the '■ body" of a log house, — that is, the logs, without roof nor floor, door nor window, — and then returned to the place whence he came, married his girl, and brought her out in the spring to his well-ventilated palace in the forest. Often a married man came alone, in advance, in the .same way, went through the .same routine, and bmught hi.s wife and family the ensuing season. When the family came, whether the first sea.son or the second, whether in winter or spring, the chances were that they and their scanty household goods were packed on an ox-,sled, and that the music of " Whoa ! haw ! gee. Buck!" resounded in their ears throughout the whole length of their journey. Once in a while a solitary horse was ridden into the forest, but its pos-session was a decided mark of aristocracy. Oxen could be driven along the diabolical roads, where horses woiilil have ludkcn lliiir h'-rs in an hour. The former could be used in clearing land, where similar dangers waited ; and if worst came to worst, they could be changed into beef, to help eke out the failing supply of bread. But their prime recommendation w;ls their cheapness. For cheapness was absolutely essential to the pioneer. Mention has been frequently made of the scantiness of their means, and it would not be far out of the way to say plumply that all the pioneers of Oswego County — all the pioneers of contnd and western New York — were poor. The exceptions were few indeed. Their descendants now look back with pride to the humble log house, the ox-team, the home-made furniture, which were the beginning of subseipient competence; and the greater the hardships en- dured the greater the pride of the sons in the courage and energy which overcame them. Not only was the ox preferable to the horse, but the sled was more convenient than the wagon. The former would twist around among the trees and logs where the latter Would soon have been ruined ; besides, it was far cheaper. Sometimes a cart, consisting of little more than two big wheels, an axletree, and a tongue, would be brought into u.se ; but for moving into the country the sled wiis the gen- eral favorite, it being not only cheap and hard to break, but capable of holding all that the ordinary emigrant family would have to bring. AdvanUige was usually taken of the snow of late winter or early spring ; but even when the ground was half bare, the sled was the thing for moving. Perhaps the usual process of settling a new country in the old times can be best pictured to the mind of the reader by an imaginative sketch, condensing and uniting the nu- merous accounts of the pioneers. Here comes an ox-battery attacking the forest fortress of Oswego County. The jtaticnt, broad-horned toilers move steadily forward along the narrow road, undisturbed by the numberless stumps, trees, and logs against which they rub a.s they make their tedious way. Behind comes the sled, where a middle-aged matron in linsey-woolsey gown sits on top of two feather-beds, while around her are stowed a bag of flour, four splint-bottom chairs, three tow-headed chil- dren, a side of pork, two iron pots, three bags of j)otatoes, and a brindle cat. The new-comers evidently bcKnig to the more opulent class of picmeers, and will be looked up to with respect by all their less fortunate neighbors. Very likely the tall, dark, gaunt, keen-eyed, iron-jawed New Eng- lander in sheep's-gray clothing, who with long ox-goad in hand tramjis by the side of his team, has as much a.s six dollars and a half in his pocket, and will be a justiie of the peace inside of three years. Behind the load trudges a bright, red-choekod girl of eighteen, occasionally clinging on in order to ]>ass a bad mud-hole, but capable of traveling as far as the oxen can, at lea.st. Poor as the family ma}' seem to the city gentle- man or old-world observer, she hits had a fair English edu- cation, has taught school the previous summer in her native town, has quilts of her own making on that all-embracing ox-sled, and plenty of ideas in the brain behind that inde- pendent-looking face. Still farther back comes the boy next younger, doomed to be the custodian of the old red cow, the producer of the only luxuries the family enjoy, the hope and solace of many a clamorous child. He looks HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUiNTY, NEW YORK. 57 mad. He is vexed to the utmost point of boyish disgust because he is not, Viko his big brother, wandering through the woods with rifle on shoulder, instead of fagging at the heels of poor, despised old Betsey. Oh, if he were only twenty in.stead of fifteen ! wouldn't he have a gun ? and wouldn't he kill a bear? To kill a bear is to his mind the chief object in moving into a new country, and he knows he could do it if he only had a gun. And he, the envied big brother of twenty, has somewhat similar ideas as he strides with elastic step amid tlie trees away oif on the right flank of the main army, the flint-lock rifle with which his father had faced the red-coats at Ben- nington carelessly resting on his shoulder, his powder-horn and bullet-pouch by his side, his inevitable sheep's-gray suit scratched by the thickets through which he has plunged, and his eager face aglow partly with the excitement of the hunter, and partly with the hopes of the pioneer. Of course it isn't for him — a man — to think much about such trivial things as door and bear ; he has come to the wilder- ness to help his parents make a home and then to make one for himself; to acquire a two-hundi'cd-acre farm, to turn it into first-class meadow and grain land, to raise the largest crops in the county, to build a fine house and barns of incalculable size, — in short, to get rich. Still, if a deer should show itself — or, still better, if a bear should obstruct his path — if he should boldly confront the monster (as of course he would), and if, just as it was rising with horrid front to attack him, he should with well- aimed bullet lay it bleeding at his feet — what a fine thing it would be to write back to Mary Ann about. Full of these mingled thoughts the youth strays farther and farther into the forest, and his mind becomes more and more ab- stracted from its sui'roundings. Suddenly a great noise is heard, a big buck with branching horns springs from his lair and comes bounding directly across the front of the startled young Jonathan. That worthy stands with open eyes and mouth, forgetting his rifle, his Mary Ann, and everything else, in his surprise and astonishment. Just as the tail of the fleeing animal flutters for the last time among the beeches, Jonathan recovers himself and fires an una- vailing shot after the retreating flag. Great Heavens! Why didn't he shoot before? Oh, if another would only come wouldn't he fix him ? But no other comes, and, after reloading his rifle, Jonathan makes liis way slowly and sadly back to the family ox-sled. There the young cow-captain, who has heard the shot, soon digs the story out of him, and great is the contempt of that would-be hunter at the recital. Oh, if he had only been therewith a gun! Catch him standing still while a deer ran by within twenty steps! Bah ! Enlivened by adventures like this, the cavalcade (if a yoke of oxen, a sled, and a cow can be so called) makes its tedious way towards the promised land. Passing by the scattered settlements on the bank of Oneida lake, and reach- ing Rotterdam, it turns up the " old Mexico road" and works its way over the high ridge whence the streams run in opposite directions into the two lakes, Oneida and Onta- rio. Then it turns aside into Parish, or Palermo, or Albion, or New Haven, or Richland, or the farther part of Mexico, rdllowing a road more execrable even than before. 5 If a log of moderate size lies in the way, the oxen step carefully over it, and the sled goes bouncing up and down, the children clinging to the side-boards with little shrieks of mingled alarm and pleasure, and the old cat elevating her tail in angry protest against these violent proceedings. If a larger one is encountered, as it frequently is, which can't be driven around, axes are brought out and old Ephraim and young Jonathan sever it in two places, roll the middle section out of the way, and lead fijrward their flirces in triumph. Arriving at length at the selected locality, if no hiuise has been erected in advance the family easily finds shelter with an earlier settler, perhaps a mile or two distant. All are hospitable, not only for hospitality's sake, but because every new-comer is a positive advantage to the country. The first thing is the erection of a log house. Our two grown-up heroes go to work preparing the logs, while young Timothy is kept busy all day taking care of the cattle, run- ning of errands, and helping the women folks, till he wishes twenty times a day that he were back on the stony hill- sides of Vermont. As our friends belong to the best society, they cut their logs eighteen feet long, intending to have their house nearly sixteen feet .square on the inside, — something quite palatial. The logs being ready, the engiueer-in-chief prepares his machinery for raising the house. It consists of a gallon of whisky. The " neighbors" for several miles around are invited to the raising, and respond with unanimous alacrity. Four finished architects are selected to carry up the corners. These shape the notches and saddles by means of which the logs are fitted together, their less expert brethren lift the material up to the builders, who rise with their work till they are six or eight feet above the ground. Hough poles furnish the rafters. Our high-toned friends cannot think of getting along, as some do, without a floor, and so a few ash-logs are split up into " puncheons," and laid on the lowest tier of logs, and even an upper tier is laid so as to furnish a chamber, which, divided by blankets, furnishes sleeping-rooms for the young people. Apertures for a door and window are cut out, and then, after an ample if homely supper, artd an annihilating attack on the remnants of the badly-defeated whisky, the neighbors depart to their homes, pouring out their good wishes for the new residents with equal profu.seness and sincerity, and the younger men deeply smitten by the grace and beauty of the fair-haired young schoolma'ara. A few days more suffice to put on the a-sh " shakes," two and a half to three feet long, which do duty as shingles, to build the fire-place of stone and the chimney of poles, and to put in the board-door and glass-window which mark the residence of a gentleman of substance. The women folks begin keeping house, and the men turn their attention to the clearing of land. There being two of them, ambitious and active, they are determined to have a crop this very season. W^orking early and late, they out down the trees on three or four acres, trim off" and pile the brush, and burn it as soon as the spring sun has made it combustible. The trees are left where they fall. Between them, in the soft woodland soil, the late corn is planted, and a tolerable crop is harvested. But only " right smart" men can do this. 58 HISTOUi 01' USWKUO COUNTV, NEW YORK. and even then they rear a late crop, which an early frost would destroy. Meanwhile more land is cleared to be sown to wheat. About this job there is to be uo half-way work. Tiiu brush is trimmed and burned, the trees arc felled in the right direction, and the logs cut of the proper length. When the August sun is hottest, another supplj- of whi.>iky is laid in, and again the neighbors are invited, — this time to a " logging-bee." But the niu?e who wail.s on a couinioii county bi.storian can hardly be expected to describe with .sufficient accuracy and vividDcss that remarkable scene. Dante and Virgil both descended into hell, but neither of them ever saw a " logging-bee ;" if they had, they could have added some extra touches to their Plutonian pictures. How the work K'giiis at a moderate pace at first ; how the lugs, already blackened by the fire which has consumed the brush, are dragged together by os-teams and rolled into heaps with handspikes; how clouds of black dust rise from the ground and envelop everybody and everything in one funereal pall ; how the speed increases as time progresses ; how Kphraini and Jonathan, and young Timothy and old Jeremiah, and William and Henry, and James and Thomas, and Buck and Bright, and Broad and Blaze, all catch the spirit of rivalry, and spring to their work like soldiers to the charge; how, regardless of danger, men bound among the whirling logs to relieve some dead-lock with their handspikes; how jest and laugh and shout and cheer go up from the heroes of the day as they see their labors progressing to a success- ful close ; and how, when all is done, and the great heaps arc ready for the torch, they retire to their homes covered with soot half an inch thick, more or less, but triumphant in another victory over the wildernes.s, — all this forms a vivid picture in the mind of an old pioneer, but can hardly be appreciated by a modem city gentleman. But without the tremendous labors of the forest and the " logging-field" the dry-goods box would have yielded no ]irofit to the smiling merchant, and the palatial residence would never have adorned the elegant avenue. The next day our friends Kphraim and Jonathan and Timothy ajiply the torch to the log-piles, and for several days have plenty of work watching the fires, dragging to- gether the brands that remain, and burning them again until all arc destroyed. A harrow prepares the virgin soil sufficiently to receive the proper allowance of winter wheat, which is soon sown by the skillful hands of the head of the family, and then the harrow again conies into play, cover- ing the grain with enough earth to secure its germination. As winter approaches, the family mansion is " chinked" all around with [)iec Ejjbraiui, Jonathan. Mary Ann, and Hannah to push their fortunes as best they may, we will return to the prosaic record of events. As already stilted, settlements had been made )>revious to the close of the last century in t>swego city. Oswego town, dranby, Voliu'y, IScriba, Schroeppel, Mexico, New Haven, Hastings, Con- stantia. and Uedfield. Omitting details for the present, it will sufficiently give a general idea of the progress of s<>ttle- ment to say that some one began the pioneer's work in each one of the remaining towns iK'fure the war of 1812, in the Itjllowing order: Kicbland and Williamstown, in 18(11; Hannibal, in 1802; Sandy Creek, in 1803; Pari-sb, in 180-1; Amboy, in 1805; Orwell, Palermo, and West Monroe, in 180li ; Boylston and Albion, in 1812. The course of municipal organization during the same period was as follows: In 1802, 18li:!, and 1804 the towns of Adams, Elli.sbnrg. and liorraine, in the present county of Jefferson, were taken ofl" from Mexico, bringing it down to the limits of that part of Oswego County west of tbe river, with Rcdfield already separate. In 1804, also, Williams- town was taken ofl", including the present town (if that name, Amboy, Albion, Kicbland, Sandy Creek, Orwell, and Boylston. In 1806 Fredericksburgh was formed on tbe other end of tbe patent, embracing the present towns of Scriba, Volney, Palermo, and Schroeppel. The siuue year Hannibal was formed from Lysander, embracing the old survey-township of Hannibal and thirty-three lots from Ly.sander ; in other words, all of tbe present county of Os- wego west of tbe river. Tbe.se dimensions it retained until after the war. In 1807 Kicbland was .set ofl" from Wil- liamstown, embracing what is now Kicbland, Albion, Or- well, Hoylston, and Sandy Creek. In the same yeiir the survey-township of Arc;idia was annexed to Kedfield, en- larging that town to its present size. In 1808 another new town was formed from Mexico. .^Ir. Scriba's favorite name of Rotterdam was cast aside, and tbe survey-township of that name, together with Delft and IJreda (West Monroe and Hastings), were organized as a town under the name of Constantia. This reduced Jlexieo to the territory of the present towns of New Haven, Mexico, and Parish, which it retained until during tbe war. Finally, in 1811, Scriba was set ofl from Fredericksburgh, the name of which w:is at the same time changed to Volney, in honor of the cele- brated French author of that name, who had lately jtassed down the Oswego on a tour through the country. Thug, at the beginning of the war, the ]>re.s«!nt county of Oswego contained eight towns, — Hannibal, in Onondaga county, and Scriba, Volney, Mexico, Constantia, Williamstown, Kicbland, and Kedfield, in Oneida county. We have already mentioned the remains of Indian or ante- Indian relics near Oswego Falls and Fort Brewerton. The (Uily other Ineality es]ieeially rich in such relies was discovered by tbe early settlers of Albion, on Trout brook, in the north part of that town. There was to be seen a mound twenty-eight feet high and sixty or seventy feet in diameter at the bottom, rising in the midst of a piece of level ground. Close beside it largo quantities of stone axes, arrow-heads, stone pipes, etc., were often thrown up by the pioneers plow. Near by, but on tbe top of a bill, was a circular embankment nearly six feet high, inclosing some two HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOlUv. 61 acres of ground. Outside of it was a ditch, which, before the place was cleared, was eight or ten feet deep. Pine-trees, two feet in diameter, grew on the top of the embankment, undoubtedly proving its great age. It will be observed that in this, as in most cases of old fortifications in New York, the implements found are those of Indians. There was not a church building in the county daring the whole period treated of in this chapter. Fort Ontario was abandoned about the beginning of the century, even by the small squad who had held it since the British left. Vera Cruz fell into decay. The trade with the western lakes by way of the Oswego river, Lake Ontario, and the Niagara continued to increa.se through this period, but was still small at its close. In 1S03, Matthew McNair, a resi- dent of Oswego, bought a sloop called the "Jane," changed its name to the " Peggy," and went into the forwarding business. Considerable of the merchandise which went west was shipped by Canadian vessels, owned at Kingston or by the Northwestern Fur Company. For many years the American vessels on Lake Ontario were very few and very small, those of the British being far superior both in number and size. In the year last named a custom-house was put in oper- ation at Oswego, with Joel Burt as the first collector. The importations, which bad previously gone through free, were now obliged to pay duty, — not at all to the satisfaction of a good many of the neighboring people. The next year a man named Wilson, a government contractor, built the schooner " Fair American," of ninety tons, atid Mv. JIc- Nair the " Linda," of fifty tons. The boats in which goods were brought down the Oswego were sometimes carted around the falls and re-embarked at the lower landinsr. More frequently, however, they were sent back and the goods re-shipped in a much larger kind of boats, which often made the journey, to the Niagara. As has been said, the payment of duties was not relished by maiiy of the citizens, and there was a good deal of smug- gling going on. It seems it was then an object to import Canadian flour, for, in 1808, Collector Burt seized a con- siderable quantity of that article, which the owners were trying to run through the lines. Some .sixty armed men, partly, if not wholly, from Jefi'erson county, as related in Hough's history of that county, came to Oswego in ten boats to recapture the flour. They came into the harbor in the daytime, but intended to wait till eleven o'clock at night before making the attack. They could not disguise their elation at the great feat they intended to accomplish, and were heard swearing that they would " clear out the jilace or burn it." Mr. Burt, however, had heard of the attack beforehand, and had sent post-haste to the southern part of Onondaga county for the aid of a company of dragoons. These came within six miles in the daytime, and camped. About half- past nine o'clock, they saddled up and rode forward towards town. Just before eleven the marauders gathered in the streets, rifle in hand, ready to make an assault on the col- lector's warehouse. Suddenly their ears caught the sound of galloping steeds, and a moment later they ••'aw the head of the column of dragoons emerging swiftly fmin the dark- niss. There was not even time to escaj)e In tbrir boats. Without firing a shot, they fled at full speed to the woods, which, fortunately for them, were near at hand, leaving their boats the lawful prey of the collector. In their long, wearisome journey through the forest back to their homes, they must have fre((uently repented of their lawless under- taking. The same year, the first United States armed vessel on Lake Ontario was begun, by Eckford & Bergh, at Oswego. This was the brig " Oneida," carrying sixteen twenty-four- pound carronades. She was launched the next spring. Lieutenant Mclancthon T. Woolsey (afterwards the cele- brated Commodore Woolsey) superintended the building, and commanded the " Oneida" after she was afloat. One of his midshipmen was James Fenimore Cooper, subse- quently so distinguished as a novelist, who then obtained that knowledge of the geography and history of the Oswego river which, at a later date, he reproduced in the vivid pic- tures of the " Pathfinder." From 1810, there was a decided increase in the amount of business carried on vin the Oswego river and Lake On- tario. In that year, the firm of Townsend, Bronson & Co. began the forwarding and transportation business on the lakes. For the two years before the war, as well as for several years afterwards, they controlled the major part of the business on both Lake Erie and Lake Ontario ; the portage around Niagara Falls being carried on by the equally celebrated firm of Porter, Barton & Co. The member of the former firm who established himself at Oswego was Mr. Alvin Bronson, then a young man of twenty-seven, now ninety-four, and probably the most energetic man of his age in the county. One of the principal articles of commerce at that time was salt, which the Syracusans (or " Salt Pointers," as they were then called) had begun to manufacture in large quan- tities, and which was transported by the Oswego route to all parts of the west. The river trade above the falls was then carried on largely in " Durham boats." They were decked over fore and aft, and had "running-boards" on each side. These were arranged with cleats to secure a firm footing, and on them the men ( four to six besides the steersman ) walked from bow to stern, propelling the boat by means of setting- poles placed against the bottom of the stream. Sometimes, after discharging portions of their cargoes, the Durham boats were run over the falls. Generally, however, work below the falls was done by Oswego river boats, which were much smaller and managed by three men each. Turning from water-ways to land-ways, we find that, be- sides Scriba's great road from Rotterdam to Vera Cruz, another was cut out, about 1804, from Camden to Vera (!ruz, passing through the jiresent towns of Amboy, I*arisli, and Mexico. Up to 1808, there were no roads passable with a wagon in Iliebland, nor in any of the towns north and east of it, except Redfield and Williamstown. In 1807 a State road, six rods wide, was laid out from Onondaga Hill to the mouth of Ox creek, in the present town of Granby, and thence to Oswego. One branch went from Ox creek to Salt Point. The same year, a mail-route was established between Onondaga and Oswego, and a post-oftice at the latter place. The first mail-carrier, as stated in Clark'.s " Onondaga," was G2 HISTORY OF OSWEUO COlINTi', NEW YOllK. Onutliajji, a vetcriin Oiiomlagn ehiff, who had fouf^ht ajrainst tlie Amorioans at Fort Schuyler, Oriskany, and Cherry Kun, but who liad now di-.«ceiidcd to being tlie news-bcarcr of his conquerors. Once a week the luail Wiis put up in a small valise at the Onondaga office, ready to leave at four o'clock the next morning. At nine in the evening Onudiaga invariably came, received hi.s valise, and then, without a word, laid himself down on the floor of Judge Forman's kitchen. At four in the morning he arose, took his vali.se, and started forth on his journey of forty miles. Kain, hail, or snow, it was all the 8:inie. No one ever knew Onudiaga to flinch from his journey, or to he delayed on the rout*; by the woallior. The worse it was, the more the cliief increased his long Indian strides; 80 that the people of Oswego came to look for Onudiaga as regularly as they did for sundown. The next day he re- turned with equal regularity to Onondaga. The first member of the assembly elected from what is now Oswego County was Bamet Mooney, who served in 1810, and again in 1812 and 1814. He resided in what was then Hannibal, but is now (iniiiby, and of course rep- resented the county of Onondaga. Thus, in clearing the forest, erecting log houses, opening roads, building ves.sels, carrying salt, .starting new settle- ment.s, forming new towns, etc., the time pasised peacefully on until the beginning of 1812. But here, as through- out the country, there was a constantly-increasing anger against Great Britain on account of hur infringements, in her wars with France, of the neutral rights of the United States. The two chief causes of bitterness were the in- vasion of Anieriean mercljaiitnicii by British men-of-war in order to seize sailors claimed as British subjects, and the capture of American vessels trading to France, even when no actual blockade was violated. There were hundreds upon hundreds of such outrages, and it is safe to say that English statesmen would no more think now of directing such a counsc of conduct towards the United States as they then authorized, than they would think of cutting their own throats. The only excu.so that could pos.sibly be made was that Napoleon pursued a similar course in relation to neutral vessels (lie did not attempt to impress seamen), and that the British were obliged to do as they did in self-defen.se. In fact, however, Napoleon inflicted far less damage on American c-l)uililcrf— ('oopcr'e Ark— 8u|i- |p|it8 at Ofwfgo Falls — Riiuiorcil Danger — Arrival of Troops — Orilurs to Coiicnil Stores — A|i|ii'araiicu uf the Kiuiiij' — Attack and llepulsr — Another Attack— (iuiis of llie Fort Disniilcil — The As- saull— The Fori Taken— Mulcastcr WoumlcJ— The Battle in Iho ISrush — Mitchell's Itetrcat— The Losyei' — Perils of Making an Attack — Sinking the '• Syren"— A Close Shot — Seizure of Prci|ierl}- — Sir Jaiucs Yc<» and Mr. Itronsoo — Five Priyonera and Three Sur- vivor? — A Plucky Boy — A KulTinnly Knight — Prisoners taken to Kingston — Uelcascd — The Militia- .\ Harvest of Cannon-Bails — (letting the Ouns to Suckvlt's liarhor — The Boats Set Forth— One Captured — An Indian Escort— tjul of the County — Entering Big Sandy— Tlic British Follow— The Battle — A Complete Victory— The Guns^ etc., taken througli — Chaunccy again Ahead — Peace. At length, on the 18th day of June, 1812, the declara- tion of war, having passed both hou.^es of Congress, was signed by the president. The excitement increased ten- fold. The shores of the Oswego river had so often been the scene of bloody conflicts in former wars, that men might well tremble lest the invader should again seek that convenient opening into the country, and those scenes of blood be repeated on a still wider scale. In July, Colonel George Fleming, of Cayuga county, with nitie companies of militia, marched down the river and took post at Fort Ontario. He made some alt«mpts to repair the dilapidated works, but efiecteenriation by Congress for a pier at Oswego, the first constructed there by the general govern- ment. The twentieth congressional district then consisted of Oswego, Lewis, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence counties, and was repre.-iented by two members. In 1.S28 the first village in the county was incorporated, being, of course, Oswego. Hon. Alviu Bronson was chosen the first president of the board of trustees. In 1830 the Wellaiid canal was opened, and the commerce of the upper lakes begiin, though slowly at first, to seek the old route up the Oswego river. By that year the population of the county liad risen to twenty-sevcD thousand one hundred and nineteen, and the face of the country showed a corresponding improvement. Churches began to raise their white spires in hamlets here and there ; frame houses superseded the old log domiciles, even on many of the back roads ; orchards flourished and bore f^-uit on nearly every farm ; the deer and bear receded eastward, though not entirely abandoning the county ; the canal was hailed as the harbinger of wealth ; and the people generally looked forward to a long era of ever-increasing prosperity. CHAPTER XV. FROM 1831 TO 1861. Prosperity — Two Nuw Towns — .^^pt'culutioii — I>ei»nrtcd Greatness — The " Hord Times"— The " Pntriot War"— Adventure of tho Steamer *' United States" — The " Oswego Patriot" — John Cochrane — We.-^t Monroe — Slow Progress — Tiie Agricultural Society — Ue- viving Prosperity — Lake Commerce — Another .Son of Steam — Tho Syracuse and Oswego Railroad — The Home and Walertowii llailri>ad — .t>neida River Improvement — Fir!*t Plank-Roitd in the I'nion — The Oswego and Rome Plank-Roud — Lively Times — Other Plank- Uoud, tliat event occurrinj; on the 1st of Fehruary iu that yejir. Tlie fiift [iresideiit was N. G. Wliite, and the firet fair was held at Oswcpcaranee of the lake, too, at least in summer, changed with that of the land. Where once the broad ex- panse liad been broken only by the solitary canoe of the savage, and later by the occiisioiial bateau of the fur-trader, now schooners and sloops and brigs swejit in rajiid succes- sion before the breeze over the ri]ipling surface, deeplj' loaded with the grain of Canada and Ohio and Michig-an, and of still more distant fields, or bearing in return the manuCacturcs of the east and the immigrant of Europe. Among these white-winged burden-bearers, too, was often seen the dark cloud of smoke which denoted the presence of the less j)icture.s(|ue but more rapid steamboat, crowded with pas.scngei-s of the better cla.ss, for whom, before the comjiletion of the Central railroad, the Lake Ontario steamer was the principal means of summer travel. The " United States," the " Bay State," the '• Northerner," the " Onta- rio," the " New York," the " Cataract," the '• Niagara, ' and numerous other steamers navigated the lake, landing and receiving passengers at and from Oswego by thou.saiids, and freight by hundreds of tons. The first propeller on the lakes was built at Oswego, in 1842, by Sylvester Doo- little, of that place, — now the proprietor of the Doolittle House, — and numerous others speedily llillowed. Meanwhile, however, another son of steam had been born ; another agent had taken its place among the instru- ments of inodern civilization, destined apparently to surpass the canal, the steamboat, and all the other methods of trans- portation previously known. A company had been formed to build a railroad from Oswego to Syracuse as early as is:;i), and a route was surveyed the same year. But the times were not propitious, and nothing more was done for over seven years. In March, 1847, the company was fully organized under the name of the Oswego and Syracuse railroad company, and work was begun the siimc season. During that and the succeeding years the enterprise was pushed rapidly forward. In October, 1848, it was com- pleted, and the iron horse every day went screaming up and down the west bank of the Oswego, where not so very long since the Indian war-whoop had sounded ; where Eng- lish and French and Americans had met in deadly conflict ; where the burden-bearing squaw had been succeeded by the ox-ciirt ; the ox-cart Ity the slage-ciiaeh ; the stage-coaeh by the CJinal-boat ; and where now the valiant captain of the paS8eiiger-|>aeket siiw his brief reign brought to an untimely close by the advent of the locomotive engineer. The Rome and Watertown railroad company showed a mnch longer hiatus between its orgiinization and tlie begin- ning of its labors. The former was aecomiilished in ISIi'i, but it was not until November, 1848, that work was actu- ally eommeneed at Rome. In the autumn of 184J) tlie road was completed to Canjden, Oneida county. The next year the most of the work in Oswego County was done, and in May, 1851, the road was in running order to Pierrepont Manor, a short distance north of the county line. This road crossed the towns of .\niboy (barely a corner), Wil- liaiustown, Albion, Richland, and Sandy Creek, and fur- nished a market to a large section of the county which liad previously been almost without one. On being suK-^cfiuently extended to Watertown, it took the name of the Watertown, Rome and Ogdensburg railroad. Another public work of this era was the improvement of the Oneida river. In 1840 a steamboat was jilaced on Oneida lake, and the dwellei-s on its shores began to hope for a renewal of the old times when that was the great route of western travel and commerce. -\n appropriation to im])rove the navigation of the river was obtained from the legislature. A coffer-dam was built at Fort Brewerton to deepen the channel. A lock was also built at Coughde- noy, four miles below Fort Brewerton, and another at Oak Orchard creek, five miles farther down. This furnLshcJ ample means of communication between lakes Oneida and Ontario, but has not resulted in diverting any great amount of travel from the Syracuse route. Ill tiiis ])i rind, too, some one, tired of the terrible roads of those days, conceived the idea of covering some of the principal ones with four-inch j)laiik (as being cheaper than turnpiking or macadamizing theui), the expense to be re- paid by tolls. In 1845 a charter was granted for a com- pany to build such a road from Saliiia, Onondaga county, to Central Scjuare, in the town of Hastings, Oswego County. In 184G the road was completed, being the first " plank- road" built in the United States. This example was ,sooii followed in other localities, and for a few years there was a mania for building plank-roads all over the country. Nowhere was it more prevalent than iu Oswego County. The Rome and Oswego plank-road company was organized in 1847, and the road, running through Seriba, New llaven, Mexico, Albion, and William.stown, was built immediately afterwards, being finished in the spring of 1848. During the following summer it was crowded with business. Large numbers of passengers came down the lake from the west, landed at Oswego, took the stage to Rome, and thence went eastward by rail. < )tliere from the east went over the .same route in the ojiposite direction. Five coaches were fre- <|uently dispatched from Oswego the same morning, each with nine inL-sseiigeis inside and eight outside, besides the driver, making eighty-five passengers in all. Nothing could be more exhilarating than a ride on the outside on a fine day. With the sun shining brightly, and the air HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 75 full of vigor, the four spanking horses went at a rattling gait over the smooth new road, whirling the delighted pas- sengers over hill and dale, past smiling farms, pleasant vil- lages, and cool-looking groves, and landing them at Rome after a ten-hours' ride of unsurpassed excitement. But all the while the iron horse, as has before been said, was making his way down the Oswego. Coaches went out to meet him as he approached, and when, in October, 1848, lie came screaming into the new city, the great stage-route was destroyed, so flir as through travel was concerned. The Oswego and Syracuse plank-road was begun in 1848. It ran from Oswego, thirty-two miles, to Liverpool, Onondaga county, connecting there with a road to Syra- cuse. The Oswego, Hannibal and Sterling plank-road, built about the same time, ran from Oswego to Harniibal, with a branch to Sterling, Cayuga county. The Oswego and Hastings Centre plank-road was begun in 1849. The Williamstown and Pulaski plank-road was another of the productions of this period, while still another ran from Constantia to Fulton. All these roads have been given up so far as the plank part was concerned. The worn-out planks have been removed and the toll-gates abandoned. Railroad rivalry has ruined some of them, but the general cause of their failure has been the rapid destruction of their material under the wear of travel. Besides, as the county progresses, the people can afford to make better gravel-roads, and do not so much feel the need of any other kind. As railroads advanced the stages gave way. Yet as late as 1857 there was a daily line from Oswego to Pulaski ; another from Oswego to Kasoag ; another from Oswego to Auburn, and still another from Oswego to Richland Sta- tion, — while a tri-weekly ran from Oswego to Rochester. Across these ran other routes, — south from Pulaski to Brcwerton, and thence to Syracuse and northward to Watertown, etc. In twenty years nearly all have passed away, — an occasional tri-weekly or semi-weekly route tra- versed by a Concord wagon, with a span of horses, only erapha-sizing more thoroughly the loss of the staging glories of the past. By the census of 1850, the population of the county was si.\ty-two thousand one hundred and ninety-eight, an in- crease of eighteen thousand five hundred and seventy-nine over that of 1840. Business was evidently looking up. In 1854 the celebrated reciprocity treaty was entered into be- tween the United States and Great Britain, by which nearly all the natural productions of British America were admitted into the United States free of duty, as were those of this country into those provinces. By tiie operations of this treaty the business of the Oswego canal was largely in- creased. This, of course, increased the business of Oswego city and the villages along the canal; and these, again, by furnishing a better market, and causing a general financial activity, promoted the welfare of the towns. The imports of the port of Oswego became by the close of 18G0 more than four-fold what they were in 1854. The census of 1860 showed a population in Oswego County of seventj--five thousand nine hundred and fifty- eight, an incresise of thirteen thou.sand seven hundred and sixty during tiic decade. This was a handsome increase, though not as large as that of the previous decade. But the events of that and the succeeding years put in the background cjuestions of increase of business and population, and concentrated the thoughts of all American citizens on subjects of vital and instant importance. The election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency by the Republican party, in the autumn of 18G0, was followed by the revolt of seven southern States, wliile four others stood ready to join them at the first excuse, and all the rest of the south was exceedingly dubious in its loyalty. The rebel Confederacy was formed. Treason organized its forces and sharpened its weapons, and no power could be found in the constitution to prevent the destruction of the nation. The citizens of Oswego County, like all the loyal north, looked on with astonishment and anger. Thus the winter and the early spring wore away, and all was ripe for a tei'rific explosion. CHAPTER XV L OSWEGO IN THE KBBELLION. First War-Meeting — The Twenty-rourtli Regiment, New York Volunteers. No portion of the Empire State exhibited more patriot- ism, or re.sponded with greater alacrity to the president's call for volunteers, than the county of Oswego. The light- ning had scarcely flashed along the wires, conveying the intelligence to the expectant north that Major Anderson and his gallant band had surrendered as prisoners of war, when a meeting was held in the city of Oswego, April IC, 1801, and mea.sures adopted for the immediate formation of a regiment. Recruiting was rapidly pushed forward, and on the morning of April 26, 1861, a company, under the command of the intrepid John D. O Brien, who was the first captain of volunteers commissioned in the State of New York under the president's first caH for seventy-five thousand troops, proceeded to Elmira. His was the first company to rendezvous at that subsequently celebrated sta- tion. They found nothing prepared for them, and wliiie barracks were being erected were quartered in a barrel-fac- tory. While here they were joined by Companies B and C, under command of Captains Edward M. Paine and Frank Miller. These three companies established a mili- tary encampment, and a.ssumed the pomp and cireumstauco of war. The following companies soon after reported at Elmira, and on the 17th day of Jlay, 1861, were mustered into the United States service a.s the Twenty-fourth Regiment, New York State Volunteers, by Captain Sitgreaves, of the United States Army ; Company D, from the town of Parish, under command of Cajitain Jlelzar Richards, subsequently lieu- tenant-colonel of the Twenty-fourth Cavalry; Company E, from Volney, Captain Orville Jennings ; Company F, from Oswego city, Captain Archibald Preston ; Company G, from Sandy Creek, Captain W. I). Ferguson, subsccjuently major in the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment ; 76 ULSTOllY OF OSWKUO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Company H, from Voliicy, Captain Alliurt Taylor, after- wards major of tlic Twi'iity-fourlh Cavalry; Company I, from Oswcjro city, Captain Levi ISiardslfV ; and Company K, from EllisburfT, Jefferson county, Captain Andrew J. Barney, who was .subsef|uently promoted to major. The folliiwiiiir Were the regimental and line officers: Colonel, Timolliy Sullivan ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Samuel R. Beardsley ; Major, Jonathan TarlM'll ; Surgeon, J. B. Murdoch, M.D. ; Assistant Surgeon, Lawrence ReynoldF, M.D. ; Adjutant, Robert Oliver, Jr.; (^uartrrmastcr, {.'harles T. Richardson ; Chaplain, Rev. Mason Gallagher. Line Oflicers. — Company A, Captain, John D. O'Brien ; First liieuteiKint, Samuel IL Brown; Second Lieutenant, Daniel C. Hubbard. Company B, Captain, Edward M. Paine ; First Lieuten- ant, B. Ilutcheson ; Second Lieutenant, William L. Yeckley. Company C, Captain, Frank Miller ; First Lieutenant, John Rattigan; Second Lieutenant, William L. Peavey. (-'ouipany 1), Captain, Melzar Richards; First Lieuten- ant, Severin Bcaulieu; Second Lieutenant, William Wills. Company E, Captain, Orvillc J. Jennings; First Lieu- tenant, Richard J. Hill ; Second Lieutenant, Ten Kyck G. Pawling. Company F, Captain, Archibald Preston ; Fir.st Lieuten- ant, Patrick Cleary ; Second Lieutenant, Thomas Murray. Company G, Captain, William 1). Ferguson ; First Lieu- tenant, Calvin Burch ; Second Lieutenant, Henry B. Corse. Company PL Captain, Albert Taylor ; First Lieutenant, ll('nry Sandorel ; Second Lieutenant, Ed.son D. Goit. Company 1, Captain, Ijcvi Beardsley ; First Lieutenant, Theo. Dalrymple ; Second Lieutenant, Norman Holly. Coin])any K. Cajitain, Andrew J. Barney ; First Lieu- tenant, John P. Buckley ; Seeonil Lieutenant, Jonathan R. Ayers. AfU'r being unilurniiil and cfjuippcd the regiment pro- ceeded to Wa.-^hington, vin Baltimore, marching through that rebellious city with loaded muskets and bayonets fixed. They firet encamped on Kalorania Heights ( Mud Hill), and soon after marched to Meridian Hill, where tin-}' remained until the battle of Bull Run, disci)iliniiig and perfecting themselves in the school of the soldier. On Sunday, the 21st day of July, IStJl, was fought the disastrous battle of Bull Run. During the day the boom- ing of the guns from that sanguinary field was plainly lieard in the camp of the Twenty-fourth, and at the close of the day an order w:i8 received to move to Chain Hridgc. Night had already set in when the regiment marched to the arsenal and excluinged their Springfield muskets for the more effective Enfield rifle. While preparations were being made during the night, an order came to move to Fort Al- bany, about three miles distant from Washington. On the niorning of the 22d the First Oswego Regiment steadily anie disheartened by the retreat- ing and demoralized forces in full flight from tlie scene uf our first defeat. In twos and threes and larger groups they met the Garibaldi Guards and other regiment.'*, willi broken weapons and lost accoutrements, and bleeding with wounds, filled with dismay and tidings of disa.ster, with stories of pressing hordes of Black Horse Cavalry, — men without officers, and officers without men. It was any other than a cheering prospect for the members of the Twenty-fourth, but, never daunted, they pas.sed them by with words of encouragement and pressed to the front. At Bailey's Cross-Roads the regiment was deployed as a picket guard, and through the night rested on their arms, — the oidy organized force between the victorious Confederates anil the city of Washington. An occasional sliot exchanged during the night told to the pursuing and victorious army that it had met with a barrier to its further progress. During the following thrtv weeks, without a tent, blanket, or baggage of any description, the Twenty-fourth held the picket-line, and awaited the organization of the scattered army. It is a part of the history of this regiment, and merits mention, to state that while stationed at the ero.ss- roads it was supported by two guns of Sherman's battery, and when, at the close of the three weeks, it was relieved by anotlier regiment, its di.scipline and bearing was in such marked contrast with that of the Twenty-fourth that the officer commanding the battery deemed it no longer safe to remain on the outpost, and retired within the earthworks. On being relieved they encamped in the ]iine-woods. and soon after on Arlington Heights, where they were brigjided with the Fourteenth New York (Brooklyn Zouaves), the Twenty-second and Thirtieth New York A'olunteers, anil some three months later the Second United States Sharp- shooters, under the command of General Keyes. During the fall the regiment broke camp and moved to Upton's Hill, where they built Fort Upton, and pawed the first winter. During the winter Brigadier-Genernl Keyes was relieved by General C. C. Augur in the com- mand of tlie brigade. While here General McClellan assumed command of the Army of the Potomac, and the Twenty fourth at once entered upon a life of dress-parade and reviews, held in awe by the ominous-looking Quaker guns at Maiuissas and Centreville. In the spring of lSt!2 the gniiid Army of the Potomac moved. The Twenty- fourth advanced to Bristoe Station, where they remained about one week, and then marched to Catlett's Station, six miles farther west. Here began its .severest duty and heavy marching. They started for Fredericksburg, and, after a weary march of twenty miles, lialted, and had .scarcely divested them.selves of their accoutrements when they were startled by a rifle-shot immediately in front. It was soon leained that a Federal sharp-shooter iti the van of the brigade bad shot a courier for refusing the countersign, and upon his body was found an order rei|uiring the com- mand to press forward. There was no time for (|uestions or delays. They immediately pressed forward, and on the following morning reached Falmouth, where they had an engagement with the enemy, defeating and driving them acro.ss the Rappahannock river. The artillery at once opened a destructive fire, dislodging the enemy anil driving them from the river. The Twenly-fonrlh was warndy re- ceived in Falmouth by the colored [lopulation, who lined the HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 77 streets on either li;iiid, and as the tronps marched through, with flags flying and the biinds playing "Dixie," could but clasp their hands in thankful prayer, while some upon their knees, vvith tears streaming down their black faces, ex- claimsd, " Bress de Lj'd ! Bress de Lj'd ! I knowed ye was comin', and here ye is." They had endured one of the severest marches of the campaign, and, in consequence of the condition of the roads, and the incredibly short time in which it was made, received from the commanding gen- eral the name of the " Iron Brigade," a designation worthily bestowed. Camp-life at Falmouth was varier us. AVe iuiinediately flanked out of the road and into the lied of a creek out of the ininiodiate rake of their batteries, until covered by the cnibaiikment of the creek, about ten feet in height, uji which we scrambled. No attempt at order then, and .short time was there for organ- izing on its brow. " Tlie top of tliat bluff revealed a stone wall, at the right from which hniidreds of guns poured their murderous fire among us. I'pon the rise of ground in front a]ipcared a very wall of tire, and in tlie open brush and wood at the left was a large force of the enemy, and fire answering fire. Ujiward I forward ! nothing fearing till the very crest of the hill was reached and bayonets crossed. Two brig-.ides of intrepid, enthusiastic youths cros.sed bayonets with an army numbering sixty thou.sand men. Who could endure it? what amount of ]ia(iiolism or love of country could stand in that holocaust of tire and death ? Back ! alas, back! Slowly but surely back ! Ah ! what is that? Forth steps a youth, his ]iale face lighted up, and made ]>aler by the fliishitig lines of tire from three sides of that fatal S(|uarc. Ilis musket and his hat raisc-d in I'nmt, his foot- steps press forward, while back he ca.sts his face and shouts, ' He brave, men ; don't run like cowards; forward! and follow me ! I'll lead you !' 'Twas but a second, yet many saw how Marvin Cozzens fell. While like a wall came up a line of bristling bayonets, and the words from the hoarse throat of a mounted officer rang out, ' Steady, steady, Hampton legion !' and on they passed over the dead and over the wounded and the dying. They passed, and back- ward wi; .slowly yielded the ground, until the darkness in- crea.sed and threw its merciful folds over the scene of carn- age, and silence reigned. The battle of Grovetown was fought and lost." In this engagement the regiment lost twenty-nine killed, one hundred and oighty-.six wounded, and one hundred and twenty-four missing. Among the killed was Major Bar- ney, who fell gallantly fighting at the luiid of his cominand. From the battle-field of Bull Bun the hislory nf the Iron brigade is tlie hi.story of the army. A.ssoeiated with the First corj)s, it followed its marching, camping, battles, and glory. At South Mountain, with but a handful of men, they again met the .same enemy that had so severely han- dled them on that fatal Friday night, and at the point of the bayonet utterly routed and defeated them. In this charge the regiment was under the command of the gallant John I). O'Brien. The battle of Antietam soon followed, and the Twenty-fourth rendered gallant service in driving the Confederate forces back into Virginia. In this battle the regiment was also under the conmiand of Captain O'Brien, who was wouiidrd. Alter an eneampment of six weeks at Sharpsburg, Mary- land, the First corps, with a sr|nadron of cavalry, crossed the I'olomae at New Berlin, and fcnight the enemy in skirmishes and raids along the diU'erent gaps in the mountains, forcing the Confederates back upon their Richmond defenses. From Warrenton, where the eomniainl of the armies i)a.ssed to Gen- eral Burnside, the Fii-st eorjis and the Iron brigade marched across the country to Brook's Station, on the Aquia creek and Frederick.sburg railroad. In Burnside's attack on Fred- ericksburg it occupied the extreme left. At first Freder- icksburg, Company B held the picket-line, under command of W. L. Yeekley. The whole army retired and left them, fearing that by withdrawing the ]iieket the retreat would be discovered. And it was not until the pontoons were about to be withdrawn that the company was recalled from their perilous position, and the bridge immediately re- moved. After this unsuccessful as.sault the army retired to Belle Plain, on the Potomac, and went into winter (|uarters. In December occurred what was known as Burnside's famous •' mud march." In this march the army advanced nine miles in three days and then returned to their old camp. During the remainder of the winter nothing oc- curred to relieve the ceaseless m(motony of camp life. In the following .^lay, under " fighting Joe' Hooker, the Potomac was ag-ain crossed, and the Iron brigade occupied the extreme left in Keymilils' division, and in that order went into the second battle of Fredericksburg. During the engagement the brigade was withdrawn from the left of the army and sent to support the Eleventh corps, on the ex- treme right at Chaneellorsville, and when the retreat was ordered it covered the movement as the rear-guard, and was the last to ero.ssthe Raiijiahannoek river. The Twenty- fourth did picket duty alnog the Ba]>pahan[ioek river from this time until May 17, 18U3, when, their term of enlist- ment having expired, they were ordered to Elmira, New York, where they were mustered out of the United States .service, on the '2'Jlh day of May. 18(3:}. The baltle-flag of the Twenty-fourth bears the following inscriptions: "Falmouth; Sulphur Springs; Rappahannock Station; Gainesville; Groveton ; Manassas; Snulh Moun- tain ; Antietam ; first Fredericksburg ; second Fredericks- burg ; Chaneellorsville." CHAPTER XVI I. OSWEGO IN THE KEBELLION. Tlic Eighly-first Regiment. The result of the battle of Bull Run, while it carried enthusiasm to the south and gave the Confederacy fre.sh evidence of the valor of its S(pldiery, fired the northern heart with a determination to at once organize an army of six hundred thousand strong, and no longer be compelled to submit to the humiliation of acting on the defensive, but open at once an aggressive eami)aign. President Lincoln issued a call for three hundred thou- sand men, ami .soon after followed with another eall for three hundred thousand more, and under this ]iroelamation the Eighty-first, otherwise designated as the Second Oswego Regiment, was raised. It was mustered into the United States service, on the 14th of September, ISUl, by Ca|)tain D. B. McKibbin, of the Fourteenth United States Infantry. The following were the field and staff officers : Colonel, HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Y9 Edwin Rose ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Jacob J. Do Forest ; Major, John MeAnihly ; Surgeon, Wm. II. Rice; Assist- ant Surgeon, Carrington Slauf'drlano ; Adjutant, Edward A. Cooke; Quartermaster, Roger A. Francis; Chaplain, David 3IcFarland ; Sergeant-Major, James L. Belden ; Commissary-Sergeant, N. H. Green ; Quartermaster-Ser- geant. John F. Young; Hospital Steward, C. S. Hart; Drum-Major, W. S. Winters. Line Officers. — Company A, Captain, William C. Raul- ston ; First Lieutenant, Hamilton Littlefield, Jr. ; Second Lieutenant, Elias A. Fish. Company B, Captain, Augustus G. Bennett; First Lieu- tenant, Hugh Anderson; Second Lieutenant, Martin J. De Forest. Company C, Captain, Franklin Hannahs ; First Lieuten- ant, Orin J. Fitch ; Second Lieutenant. Seth J. Steves. Company D, Captiiin, L. C. Adkins ; First Lieutenant, John G. Phillips ; Second Lieutenant, R. D. S. Tyler. Company E, Captain, Lyman M. Kingman ; First Lieu- tenant, W. C. Newberry; Second Lieutenant, D. G. Harris. Company F, Captain, T. Dwight Stow; First Lieutenant, Edward S. Cooke ; Second Lieutenant, D. C. Ris. Company G, Captain, Henry C. Thompson ; First Lieu- tenant, Henry H. Hamilton ; Second Lieutenant, H. W. Green. Company H, Captain, John B. Raulston ; First Lieu- tenant, John W. Oliver; Second Lieutenant, Peter French. Company I, Captain, D. B. White; First Lieutenant, Willard W. Ballard ; Second Lieutenant, B. F. Wood. Company K, Captain, J. Dorman Steele; First Lieu- tenant, George W. Berriman ; Second Lieutenant, L. J. Steele. On the 2()th of January the regiment left Oswego for Albany, and while here, February 1, 1862, received an ac- cession of three hundred and fifty men from Oneida county, forming Companies C, E, and I. This completed the regi- ment, and on the 21st of the same month it departed from Albany for the front. They arrived in New York the day following, and went into barracks on Staten Island, and here remained until March 5, when the order came to move to Washington, which city they reached on the 7th, and on the 8th encamped for the first time near the city, on Kalorama Heights. Hero the regiment halted twenty days, and was attached to the Third brigade, Ca.S3y's division, Fourth corps. JMarcb 28 they marched to Alexandria, and two days thereafter embarked on the steamer " C. Vandcrbilt," for Fortress Monroe, where they arrived April 1. From this point tlie regiment was ordei'ed towards Ncwjiort News, seven miles distant, and encamped in an unhealthy locality, where they remained fourteen days, during which period many became ill and were sent to the hospital. It was with glad heart.s they broke camp on the 15th of April, when they marched to Young's Mills, and on the following morning continued their march to Warwick Court-Uouse, two miles distant, and here remained five days. On the 21st they marched four miles, and camped in front of the enemy's works at Lee's Mills. While at this camp many left the regiment on sick leave, Colonel Edwin Rose among the number. May 4 and 5 they marched sixteen miles, passing to the loft of Yorktown, and encamped on the plain before Wil- liamsburg, where they remained during that sanguinary .struggle, the division, commanded by Ca.scy, being the reserve. On the 10th he engaged in a series of short marches via Roper's Church, New Kent Court-House, Bot- tom's Bridge, to Seven Pines, where they arrived on the morning of the 28th, where they remained until the battle which was fought May 31. lu this contest the Eighty- first was assigned to the left of Casey's division, unsupported and in an open field. A member of the regiment thus describes this engage- ment : " The enemy in front, screened by a thick under- growth of bushes, poured several volleys of musketry into the regiment, and, although this was the first regular en- gagement in which they had participated, j'et they stood like veterans. Volley after volley was poured into the bushes with deadly efl'ect. Soon finding that they could not maintain their exposed jjosition, the regiment fell back in good order to the edge of the woods in their rear. During this time both field-officers fell. Lieutenant-Colonel De Fore.st was shot in the breast ; Major John McAmbly and Captain Kingman were killed and left on the field, to- gether with many privates. Captain Wm. C. Raulston, being the .senior officer present, then assumed command, and in the position then taken they kept up a constant fight with the enemy in front for two hours, when a large force, afterwards ascertained to be a brigade, entered the field they had left and deployed in such a manner as to approach them both in front and flank. To save themselves from being taken prisoners, the order was given to fall back towards the centre of the line, which was on the William.sburg road, half a mile distant. While moving in that direction the centre gave way and was being forced down the road. To meet this they were obliged to change direction, passing through a thick wood and, slashing, gaining open ground half a mile in the rear of the first line of rifle-pits, which they entered and continued the fight until the day closed, — the enemy in possession of the battle-field, including the camp, with all the tents, the personal baggage, and extra clothing of the men and officers." Darkness put an end to the conflict. Although this was the Eighty-first's baptism of fire they behaved like veterans, and all during that memorable afternoon they were found in the thickest of the fight, and their thin and decimated ranks at the close of the battle told only too well of the fierceness of the struggle. At night they lay on their arms, and the following day was spent in burying the dead. June 2, General McClellan issued an address to the army announoinn assumed eoinmand oF (lie re<;inient. On the morning of August 10 the regiment broke eamp and niarelied twenty miles in the direetion of Williiimshurg. The following morning the march was resumed, and at three o'clock p.m. they crossed the Chiekahominy, and at eventide, after a weary march of twenty miles, hivouacked. ieutenant, W. S. Bradley, Schroeppel. Company E, Captain, John Sawyer, Mexico; First Lieu- tenant, Samuel Nichols, Mexico; Second Lieutenant, Wm. A. Smith, Palermo. Company F, Captain, E. N. Boyd, Hannibal ; Fir.st Lieu- tenant, Isaac II. Peekliam. Hannibal ; Second Lieutenant, TliomiLs Hunter, Sterlinjr, Cayu;jra county. Company G, Captain, Wm. P. .^IcKinley, Oswego ; First Lieutenant, E. Jenett, Scriba ; Second Lieutenant, A. B. Frey, O.swego. Company H, Captain, John Stevenson, Oswego ; First Lieutenant, Charles A. Pliilipps, Oswego ; Second Lieuten- ant, Wm. I. Rasmussen, Oswego. Company I, Captain, James Doyle, Oswego ; First Lieu- tenant, Thomas Kehoe, Oswego ; Second Lieutenant, E. P. Allen, Oswego. Company K, Captain, II. 1>. Biuwn, Constantia; First Lieutenant, C. Gardner, ParLsh ; Second Lieutenant, N. A. Gardner, Amboy. The following list shows the number of men enlisted from the various towns in the county, viz.: Albion, 48; Amboy, 21 ; Boylston, 15 ; Constantia, 50 ; Grunby, 25 ; Hannibal, 77 ; Hastings, 67 ; Mexico, 56 ; New Haven, 20 ; Orwell, -14 ; Oswego town, 43. City : First ward, 31 ; Second ward, 23 ; Third ward, 53 ; Fourth ward, 40. Parish, 29; Palermo, 33; Redfield, 15; Richland, 00; Schroeppel, 35 ; Sandy Creek, 24 ; Scriba. 55 ; Volncy, 1 HO ; West Monroe, 1 1 ; Williamstown, 9. Enlisted from Oneida county, ; from Onondaga, 2 ; from Cayuga, 30 ; from Jef- ferson and Erie, 1 eiich ; making a total of 1025 men. At eight o'clock on the evening of August 25 the regi- ment left camp, and was escorted to the depot by the United States regulars from Fort Ontario, the Oswego Guards, German Light Guards, Washington Guards, Fremont Guards, and Captain McKlintock's company, enlisted for the Fourth Oswego Regiment, freemen, cte. Business was suspended, and more than six thousand people as.scnibled to bid farewell to and witness the departure of a regiment composed of the best material in (_)swcgo County. They proceeded to Baltimore, via Albany and New York, and while pa.ssing through the latter city received many enco- miums of prai.sc on t\\c jiersoniul of the regiment. Among the captains were two ministers of the gospel and two officers of the State militia, — Rev. V. L. Garrett, of Com- pany B, and Rev. John Sawyer, of Company E ; and James Doyle,of Company I, colonel of the Forty-eighth Regiment of militia, and H. C. Devendorf, of Company D, lieuteuant- colonel of the same organization. The regiment remained at Baltimore, in Camp Pattcrison park, about two months, and then embarked aboard the steamer " Erics.son" for Fortress Monroe, where they arrived November 0. While here they were assigned to the Department of the Gulf, in the expedition under the command of General N. P. Banks. They remained at Ship Lsland nine days, and then proceeded by st«amer to New Orleans, and were ordered into camp. After a few weeks they moved to Baton Rouge, and at the ex]>irati(m of ten days the regiment was ordered to Port Hudson, and actively participated in that memorable siege. The Union land forces were under the command of General Banks, and the fleet was directed by the late g-allant admiral wlio.se bravery and success at Port Hudson and Mobile immortal- ized his name, and won for him the proud epithet of the most brilliant and successful naval commander of the age, — David G. Farragut. Eight war-vessels comprised the expedition to Port Hudson ; viz., '■ Hartford," •■ Richmond," '• Mis.sissippi," " Monongahela," " Kinco," "Albatross," ''Sachem," and " Genesee" On the night of the 15th of April, 1863, all being in readiness, a red light from the flag-slii]> signaled the squadron to weigh anchor, and the majestic steamers, followed by the four gun-boats, steamed silently along in the darkness of night. They had not proceeded far, however, when a challenge was received from a rebel battery secreted in the foliage on the river-bank. The challenge was promptly accepted, and a broadside Wiis hurled upon the ambuscaded foe. This was the signal for the conflict, and immediately there began one of the fiercest naval contests of the war. Battery after battery opened its fire until the hillsides seenu.d jieopled with demons hurling their tliutider- bolts, while the earth trembled beneath the incessant and terrific explosions. An eye-witness thus describes the scene presented by the mammoth shells : " Never shall I forget the sight that then met my iiston- ished vision. Shooting upward, at an angle of forty-five degrees, with the rapidity of lightning, small globes of golden flame were seen sailing through the pure ether, — not a steady, unfading flame, but eorru.scating like the fitful gleams of the fire-fly, now visible, and anon invisible. Like a flying star of the sixth magnitude, the terrible missile — a thirteen-inch shell — ncars it.s zenith, up and still up, higher and higher. It« flight now becomes much slower, till, on reaching it.s utmost altitude, its centrifugal force becoming counteracted by the earth's attraction, it describes a parabolic curve, and down, down, it comes, bursting, it maybe, ere it reaches terra Jirm(i,\mt probably alighting in the rebel works ere it explodes, where it scatters death and destruction around.'' Two of the vessels succeeded in running the blockade. About this time the regiment returned to New Orleans, and encamped at Algiers, opposite the city, and soon after joined the expeilition to the Tench country, and partici- pated in the battle of Camp Bisland. They next encamped at Alexandria, on the Red river, where they remained ten days, and returned to Port Hudson. During a period of nearly two weeks the squadron had HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 83 kept up an almost incessant bombardment ; and on the morning of Wednesday, May 27, the land forces came into position, and the great battle opened. The conflict was severe, and several guns of the enemy were captured. On the 13th of June General Banks gave orders for a grand assault at three o'clock on the following morning. In this grand assaulting column were four companies, A, B, E, and I, of the One Hundred and Tenth, under com- mand of Major Charles Hamilton. The thin and deci- mated ranks of those four companies at the close of this fierce assault told only too plainly of the horrors of that June day. The fighting lasted eight hours, and was one of the most desperate assaults ever witnessed. The regi- ment at this time was commanded by Colonel C. H. Sage. The six companies of the regiment stationed on the west side captured a large number of the enemy while attempt- ing to carry the fort. The One Hundred and Tenth shared in the general rejoicing when, on July 9, 1863, General Gardiner surrendered his entire command to Gen- eral Andrews, of the Union forces. No member of the gallant One Hundred and Tenth who witnessed the surren- der, and saw the old flag of the Union unfurled to the breeze, and heard the thunder of the batteries whose rever- berations rolled majestically along the calm surface of the Father of Waters, will soon forget the entliusi;ism and rejoicings of that day. After the capitulation the regiment left Port Hudson, and next encamped at Algiers, oppo.sitc New Orleans, where they remained a few days, and then embarked aboard trans- ports for Sabine Pass. They soon after joined the expedi- tion to the Tench country, under command of General N. P. Banks. General Banks' celebrated " water- train" created considerable merriment among the men. It consisted of a long train of wagons, each carrying a huge hogshead filled with water for the use of horses and men. Theoretically it was a success, but practically a miserable failure. Magru- der drove him back ; the expedition was abandoned ; the water-train was among the things of the past, and the regiment returned to Algiers, and embarked for Fort Joflierson, Garden Key, otherwise known as the " Dry Tortugas." The regiment remained here doing garrison duty, and had ill charge about nine hundred prisoners, among whom was the celebrated Dr. Mudd, of assassination notoriety. During the month of August they left Tortugas for home, and were mustered out of the United States service at Albany, Augu.st 25, 18G5. CHAPTER XIX. OS\FEGO IN THE KEBELLION. The One Hundred aiij Furlj-sevciilh RigiiiKiit. The failure of General McClellan's peninsular campaign in the spring and summer of 1802, the disaster of the second battle of Bull Run, and retreat of the army of the Potomac into the defenses of Washington, had dissipated all hope of a speedy termination of the war, and filled the country with alarm. President Lincoln had issued his proclamation for " six hundred thousand more." In August, 1862, D. C. Little- john passed through every part of Oswego County, and with fiery eloquence sounded the " slogan." The farmer left his field ; the artisan his bench ; all pursuits gave way to the extreme necessity of the hour, and the men hastened to enroll their names under the sacred banner of their country. The One Hundred and Tenth Regiment New York vol- unteers was speedily organized, and left for the field under Colonel D. C. Littiejohn. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment New York volunteers was soon after organized, its ranks filled, and the regiment mustered into the United States service September 23, 1862. The following were the field and stafi" of the One Hun- dred and Forty-seventh regiment : Colonel, Andrew S. Warner ; Lieutenant-Colonel, John G. Butler; Adjutant, Dudley Farling ; Quartermaster, Benjamin F. Lewis; Surgeon, A. S. Coe ; Assistant Sur- geons, John T. Stillman, S. G. Place ; Chaplain, Harvey E. Chapin. Line Officers. — Company A, Captain John McKinlock ; First Lieutenant, George Huginin ; Second Lieutenant, Edward Greyware. Company B, Captain, George Harney; First Lieutenant, Patrick Slattery ; Second Lieutenant, A. Judson Dickison. Company C, Captain, Datus Woodward; First Lieu- tenant, E. D. Parker ; Second Lieutenant, William R. Potts. Company D, Captain, Alexander Hulett ; First Lieuten- ant, George A. Sisson ; Second Lieutenant, W. P. Schenck. Company E, Captain, Elhannan Seely ; First Lieutenant, James Coey ; Second Lieutenant, Orson J. Woodward. Company F, Captain, Cyrus V. Hartshorn ; First Lieu- tenant, Chauncey L. Grulley ; Second Lieutenant, Harvey Flint. Company G, Captain, Delos Gary ; First Lieutenant, Charles F. Robe; Second Lieutenant, Volney J. Pierce. Company H, Captain, R. W. Slayton ; First Lieutenant, Abram Conterman ; Second Lieutenant, D. W. C. Mat- thews. Company I, Captain, Patrick Regan ; First Lieutenant, James A. McKinley; Second Lieutenant, Daniel McAssy. Company K, Captain, Nathaniel A. Wright ; First Lieu- tenant, Franklin N. Hamlin ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph Demp.sey. Noil- Commissioned Staff. — -Hospital Steward, Charles K. Paddock ; Sergeant-Major, H. G. Lee ; Quartermaster- Sergeant, Henry H. Mellen ; Commissary-Sergeant, Alfred N. Beadle. Francis C. Miller, late captain Company C, Twenty- fourth New York volunteers, was commissioned major Oc- tober 4, and joined the regiment in the defenses of Wash- ington. The regiment, comprising eight hundred and thirty-seven enlisted men, left Oswego, where it was organ- ized and enrolled, under the command of Colonel A. S. Warner, for the front, September 27, 1862, viii Elniira, 84 UISTOllV OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Ilarrisburg, and Baltimore, and arrived at Washini^ton Sep- tember 30. It wasordi-red to C.unp Cliast', in the southern defenses, about two miles from Long Bridge. October 3 it was ordered to the northern defenses at Tenallytown, three miles north of Georgetown. It there remained nearly two months, occupied in building forts and digging rifle-pits for the protection of Wiishington. It occupied an old camping-ground in the midst of a beautiful country, diversified with wooded knolls, open glades, and bosky dells, but this beautiful encampment wils infected with a deadly malaria, emanating from decaying animal and vegetable matter, the accumulation of one and a half year's occupation by our armies. Dysentery, typhoid fever, and jaundice soon became prevalent. The regiment was soon decimated by sickness and desertion. Nostalgia, or home-sickness, often was a fiiiilful s;li the heart, and had fallen upon the colors. i^Iajor Ilarnev was about to return in person to brinir them off, wlien Sergeant Wybourn, dinipany I, volunteered to rescue them. He returned, rolled Sergeant Hinchclitf off the colors, and bore them off triumphantly amidst a storm ol' bullctis. He wa.S wounded .slijiblly. but wa.s saved by his knapsack ; the ball that hit him first ]):Ls.sed through it. At this time General Meredith's brierick, Thonlas Banistei', James Hudson, sergeant. The list of the names of the wounded cannot be obtained from the final muster-out rolls in Albany, New York. General Donbleday in bis official report says, " I concur with tiie division commanders in their estimate of the good conduct and valualjlo services of the following-named offi- cei-s and men : General Cutler, commanding the Second brigade, says, 'Colonel lliifmann. Fifty-sixth Penn.sylvania Volunteers, Major Harney, One Hundred and Forty- seventh New York Volunteers, Captain Cook, Seventy- sixth New York Volunteers, deserve special mention for gallantry and coolness; Colonel Fowler, Fourteenth Brook- lyn, for charging the enemy at the railroad cut, in connec- tion with the Nini^ty-fifth New York Vulunlecrs and Sixth 7 Wisconsin, by which the One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York Volunteers was released from its perilous position ; Lieutenant-Colonel Miller, commanding the One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York Volunteers, was severely wounded at the head of his regiment on the 1st instant. . . . Major Harney, of the One Hundred and Forty- Seventh New York Volunteers, and Major Pye, of the Ninety-fifth New York Volunteer.s, on assuming command of their respective regiments, did all that brave men and good soldiers could do, aud deserve well for their services. Sergeant H. H. Hubbard, Company D, One Hundred aud Forty-seventh New York Volunteers, was in command of the provost guard of the brigade, eighteen strong, on the morning of the 1st instant. He formed the guard on the right of the Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers, and fought until the battle was over, losing twelve of his men. The color-sergeant of the One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York Volunteers was killed, and the colors were caught by Sergeant Wm. A. Wybourn, of Company I, One Hun- dred and Forty-seventh New York Volunteers, and brought ott" the battle-field by him, notwithstanding be was himself severely wounded.' " This was the baptism of the regiment : fortunately, in the previous battles, it had escaped with small loss ; but in this its fortune was to be placed in the most exposed and trying position of the battle, and receive the furious onset of vastly superior numbers. The brave General Reynolds was immediately sliot down in its presence. Manfully had it stood up to its work, and justified the trust imposed in it. It had withstood the attacks of the enemy when nearly surrounded on all sides, with over one-half of its numbers killed or wounded, it.s flag torn into tatters, and the staff completely severed by hostile bullets. Henceforth it was considered an honor to belong to the One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York Volunteers, and its deeds in this day's battle were referred to with pride. The enemy, not pursuing beyond the streets of the town, gave our shattered and somewhat disorganized forces a breathing-spell. They rallied on Gulp's Hill, a part of Cemetery Ridge, on the south side of the town, a strong defensive position. SECOND AND THIRD DAYS' BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG. General 3Ieade, commander of the Army of the Potomac, was fifteen miles di.stant, and hearing that there was fighting at Gettysburg, sent General Hancock, with orders to take command of the two corps. He arrived about the time the forces fell back to Gulp's Hill, and immediately si'locted a defensive position. He chose a ridge running nearly north and south between the Taneytown and Emmcttsburg roads, terminating on the south at Round Gap Mountain, on the north at Gulp's Hill, south of Gettysburg. The northern extremity curves around, similar in shape to the bend of a fisli-hook. The convexity of the curve is towards Gettysburg. This is called Cemetery Ridge. On the morning of July 2 the remainder of the Army of the Po- tomac, except the Sixth corps, had come up, and were posted all along this ridge. The enemy's army was post<;d on Seminary Ridge, running nearly parallel to Cemetery llidgc, except Ewell's corps, which lay opposite to Gulp's Hill, its left extendiiiir around to the northern suburbs of 90 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. the town, wliere it joined the right of their ("the rebel") army, noiirlv encircling the town. The One Ilundrcil and Fortj- sevenlli New York Volunteers were jiosted on Culp's Hill. The forenoon was spent by both unnieij in getting into po- sition. In the afternoon, at 3.30, General Longstreet made his celeliralcd attack on our left, striving to get possession of Little IlounJ-Top Mountain, the key to the whole posi- tion ; that obtained, the enemy could enfilade our whole line. Attack followed attack, until night put an end to the contest. The enemy had obtained some advantage, but tlie posi- tion .still remained in the pos,session of onr forces. During the battle Culp's Hill had been much weakened by the with- drawal of troops to oppose General Longstreet. Rctween six and seven r.M. General Ewell made repeated charges uj) the steep hill, crowned by a rude breastwork of loose BtoQCB and logs hastily thrown up by our men. The at- tacks were renewed along in the night. Finally the enemy effected a lodgment. A regiment of the Twelfth corps g-ave way, and let the enemy in. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York and Fourteenth Brooklyn, with some troops of the Twelfth corps, charged upon them and drove them out, restoring the lines. July 3 the enemy placed in ]>osition, on Seminary llidgc and the railroad em- bankment next to the town, one hundred and fifty pieces of artillery. At one I'..M. they opened fire on our centre. The Union batteries replied, but owing to their position oidy eighty pieces could be brought to bear at once. After two hours General Hunt, chief of artillery, slackened fire to .see what the enemy were intending to do. The enemy, thinking our batteries silenced and the troops demoralized, began the grand attack of the day. General Picket, with twenty thou.sand men, moved up the slojie in dense columns towards our centre. Our batteries opened on them, tearing huge gaps in their lines, which were clo.sed as soon as made. The enemy prcs.sed .steadily on until they met our forces in a hand-to-hand conflict. Gunners u.sed their rammers and the infantry clubbed their muskets to beat them off. Lieu- tenant Haskell, on (ieneral Gibbons' staff, speedily collected several fragments of broken organizations of troops, and at- t;ickcd them " on the flank," throwing them into disorder. During a period of a quarter of an hour the combatants Were struggling in clo.sc quarters. The attack was soon repulsed, and nearly the entire charging column was either killed, wounded, or captured. On the right, at Culp's Hill, General Ewell had kejit up a .series of attacks or feints since the evening of the 2d. The hill was steep and rug- ged, densely wooded, and the surface covered with loose stones. With wonderful ])crsi.stcnce and bravery, the enemy had charged up this steep hill to our breastworks during the night of the 2d and through the day of the 3d, until their dead literally covered the ground. Under the breast- works they lay in heaps. Their wounded were mostly removed during the night under cover of the darkness. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York had been kept constantly on the alert until e.xhausled by fatigue and want of .sleep. A constant stream of musketry was kept ! up by our line to repel the enemy. The trees facing the '■ line, scarred to their tops, and the limbs cut off by bullets, 1 attest the severity ol' the contest. An incident occurred I on the od which illustrates the desperate valor and reck- lessuess of the enemy. In a charge more vigorous and de- termined than usual, after ]iersi8lent fighting, their line broke ; a number of their men took shelter behind a large rock in front of the One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York, but it did not wholly protect them from a flank fire from both sides. They were being gradually picked off by our men. They commenced to wave handkerchiefs and give other tokens of surrender. This was seen by an offi- cer on General Ewell's staff at a distance on our right. He immediately started to ride across our front to arrest it. He and his orderlies were immediately riddled with bullets. The wadding of their coats was seen to fly a.s the bullets passed through them. The regiment had been fighting almost constantly fmiu the evening of the 2d to the evening of the 3d without rations, and without food, .save a little fresh beef without salt, and seasoned with gunpowder. The pickets in the nitht were lelitvtd eviiy thirty uiinutis and the officers every second hour, as it was impos.sible for them to remain longer ou their posts without falling asleep. Nature ctmld endure no more. The men and officers in the first day's battle divested themselves of every incumbrance, their knapsacks, haversacks, and all, save their arms and ammunition ; consequently they had nothing to eat, save the fresh beef which was once or twice brought to them. During two days the enemy had made herculean efforts to break our lines, but the Union army at all poiiitij withstood and repulsed their fierce onsets, with terrible slaughter. Animated by a fanaticism and bravery which was almo.st superhuman, only having its jiarallel in the old army of Cromwell, they had exhausted the liuiils of human endur- ance. Thirty thousand out of an army of one hundred thousand men, the flower of the Confederacy, had been killed and wounded, and nearly ten thousand more taken prisoners. They had the best army the world ever had seen. The best blood in the Confederacy was fighting in its ranks. They had gathered this splendid army through the jiopular desire and inducement of invading the enemy's country, and of diverting the ravages of war from their own soil. It was supposed when the teeming North, with its populous cities, began to witness the horrors of war, the jicoplc would speedily sue for peace. They were now ar- rested on the threshold, and their hopes and anticipations turned to ashes. This may well be considered the decisive battle of the war. The enemy kept u]) a show of continuing the battle till nightfall. In the night they silently gathered their dispirited forces and withdrew from the town, leaving the hospitals and wounded as they had found tliein. Our army- lay on its arms all night; in the niorriiug of the Itli, tidings were brought that the enemy had withdraw n in the night. They fortified Seminary Hill :ls a menace to our army — keeping up a show of renewing the attack during the 4th — and a cover of retreat for theirs. In the morning General JMeade called a council of war, by which it was decided to remain until the enemy's plans were developed. There was some cannonading through the day, but little infantry fighting. In the night a heavy shower set in, and in the morning of the 5th the enemy had retreated from Semiiuiry Hill. Thelossesof the < liic Hundred and Forty- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 91 seventh New York, during the 2d and 3d, were consider- able, in proportion to its numbers. Lieutenant Taylor, Company E, was killed, and Lieutenant John ¥. Box, Company A, was wounded in the shoulder, and had his arm amputated at tiie shoulder-joint. The following were killed in the second and third days' battle of Gettysburg : Jolm Hart, Company C ; Sergeant Joseph Stuyvesant, Company C ; Sylvester Taylor, second lieutenant Company E ; Sylvester Quick, Company K. Francis Dodd, Company H, died at Fairfax seminary, July 3, from typhoid fever. The names of the wounded ill these battles cannot be obtained. Among the incidents of the battle, there was one which occurred at the hospital, illustrating the reckless abandon and honhommie of the life of the soldier during this war. The surgeon of the regiment with the surgeon of the Fourteenth Brooklyn Regiment occupied a large hotel in the lower part of the town, which was very much exposed to the shells of the enemy during the first day, and from the shells of the Union ai'ray during the next two days of the battle. In the morning of the first day's battle, the hospital was soon filled with the wounded of these two regiments ; many of them were wounded slightly. In the confusion, the slightly wounded had the freedom of the hotel. Tiiey ransacked the building, and found a quantity of liquor of all descriptions; they soon got somewhat intoxicated. Several of the Fourteenth Brooklyn men, with their arms in their hands, were looking out of the windows into the street, when they saw the enemy come into the town, driving the Eleventh corps before them. They fired out of the windows at the enemy. A volley was immediately returned into the building ; thereupon the wounded soldiers, about twelve in number, rushed down and formed a line across the entrance, to defend the hospital against the whole rebel army ! Just at that time, one of the surgeons returned from a visit to several officers of his regiment, who had been taken into a building in another part of the town, and saw a squad of the enemy, only a few paces off, with their muskets raised to their shoulders, about to fire into these Brooklyn men. He ordered them not to shoot those wounded men ; the rebel officer in command told his men not to fire, and turned to the surgeon and said, " Disarm them, then, or I will have every man of them shot." The surgeon ordered the men to give up their arms and go back into the hospital. All but three or four obeyed ; these declared that they would never surrender, and it was with great difficulty that the surgeon finally saved their lives. The enemy were determined to shoot them, and the surgeon once or twice pushed the muzzles of the guns :iside when they were about to fire. Finally, with assistance, he wrenched the muskets from the grasp of the wounded men. One man was shot through the heart, and lay across the steps of the hotel. As soon as matters were quieted, the surgeon looked around and saw a mounted rebel officer, considerably intoxicated, across the street, brandishing a pLstol, declaring that he would sack and burn the hospital, because they had been firing out of the windows at his men. He caught sight of the surgeon and came riding across the street, saying, " I say, doctor, don't we Louisiauians fight like h — 1?" at the same time displaying .several truphies which he had picked up from the battle-field, but claiming that he had captured them from " Yankee officers" by his per.sonal prowess. The surgeon, mindful of the real danger the wounded were in, for firing out of the windows was a plain violation of the usages of civilized warfare, flattered the rebel officer to the top of his bent. Finally he rode off, saying nothing more about sacking the building. The men who, a short time before, were ready to defend the hospital with their lives, soon affiliated with the ones who were anxious to shoot them down, and were soon seated on the curb-stone side by side, chaffing each other. They soon found out that they were old acquaintances, — they had often picketed the banks of the Rappahannock opposite to each other, and had often, by concerted agreement, cro.ssed the river into each others' lines, and had a friendly game of cards or traded tobacco for cofiee. They had many remi- niscences to relate, and boastings of their respective prowess in many a hard-fought battle in which they were oppo.sed to each other. CHAPTER XXL OSWEGO IN THE REBELLION. The Cinu lliuiilied and Forty-seventh Regiment— Pursuit of tha Enemy to tlic Kapiitaa and Retreat of the Army of tlie Potomac to (?eutrcville. In the morning of the Cth the First corps set out for Emmettsburg. As the regiment passed along the Emmetts- burg road, past the scenes of the late conflict, at the centre and left of the line they saw evidences of the terrible slaughter. The enemy's dead still cumbered the ground. Immense piles of muskets were gathered from the fields where the men were shot down. In placas where the con- flict raged the fiercest were the dihrls of cartridge-boxes, soldiers' belts, fragments of clothing, and bayonets trampled into the ground and stained with blood. At Peach-Tree Orchard an old man was gathering up lelics from the battle- field. He lived close by, in a small wooden house, around which the battle had fiercely raged during two days, the combatants charging and counter-charging, driving each other backwards and forwards over his garden and yard. He took shelter in the cellar during the battle. He gave a graphic description of his two days' experience. In many of the musket.s gathered from the field were found many charges of cartridges, some of them filled to the muzzle. In the excitement, the cartridge had been put in wrong end first; not observing that the charge did not ex- plode, another was put in on top of the first, and so on until .several had accumulated. The regiment encamped at Emmettsburg in the evening of the 6th. On the 7th cro.s.sed Cotocton mountain, taking a short cut to Middletown ; took a mountain-path or chute for getting wood down from the mountain. Many of the men were nearly shoeless, and the recent severe rains had soft- ened the horses' hoofs so much that it was difficult to keep them shod. Many of the horses became lamed ascending the steep mnuiitain (latli gullied out by the rains, leaving 92 HISTORY OF 08WP:G0 COUNTV, NEW YORK. t)ic Ix'tl full of loose, small stones. The men suffcrcl much ill tlie feet. Arrived at Miihlletown, Marjhind, in the even- ing. General Cutler ordered the inhabitants to remove their shiK'S from their feet and jiive them to those spahaiiiiock Station until September 16, then marched to Stevensburg, near Culpepper; there remained till the 24lh instant, then marched to Raccoon Ford on the liapidan river. Septem- ber 24 an elegant sword was ]ireseiited to Major Harney by Adjutant Farling, — a gift of the regiment, as a token of respect and esteem. Received October G one hundred and forty-two conscrijits, and eighty more on the 'Jth. October 10 the regiment marched to Morgan's Ford, on the Rapi- dan, and returned to Pony mountain, near Culpepper, in the night. RETREAT OF THE ARMY TO CENTREVILI.E. There had licen signs of some impending movement by the enemy during several days; the movement on the Rapi- dam was a reconnoissance. The experience of General Pope, the year jirevious. had niaile our generals more wary. The Bull Run range of mountains afforded a curtain for the enemy to mask their movements from our view. In August, 1862, Stonewall Jackson had marched up behind that range of mountains, jia.-ising through Thorouglil'are Gap, cut off the communications of Pope's arm}-, and destroyed an immense amount of military .stores at Centreville and rolling stock on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, before General Pope was aware of the movement. He at the. time supjioscd he was holding the enemy at bay across the Rajiidan. It was supposed a similar movement was being executed by the enemy at this time. The reginient remained near Pony mountain until noon, and then retreated to Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock. As it piLsscd over the hills near Stevciisbuig the enemy's cavalry came in sight in pursuit. General Plea.xonton's cavalry |>rotected the rear. The enemy's cavalry could be distinctly .seen deploying HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 93 and charging upon our cavalry, wliit-h handsomely repelled their charges and kept them at bay. Heavy cannonading was heard towai'ds Rraiidy Station to our left during the afternoon, but the retreat of the First corps was not again molested. It crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford that evening, and encamped on the north bank that night. The regiment remained till the 12th, then retreated at midnight, leaving the camp-fires burning to deceive the enemy ; they coming up soon after shelled the deserted camp. Reached Warreiiton Junction at twelve M. on the 13th, and then halted in line of battle. Heavy cannon- ading was heard towards Warrenton. The corps halted until the baggage-train got safely under way, and a large quantity of forage had been sent to the rear on the cars, then moved to Bristoe Station, arriving there at 11 P.M., after a toilsome march, and encamped over night. In the morning heavy cannonading was heard from' the di- rection of Warrenton. The First corps pursued its retreat to Ceiitreville, reaching there about three p.m. From the heights of Centreville could be seen the rebel army advan- cing in pursuit of General Warren, then at Bristoe. They pressed so closely upon the heels of the retreating Second corps that it was obliged to make a stand behind Broad Run and deliver battle. It handsomely repulsed the enemy, and captured five guns and several prisoners. It resumed its march to Centreville in the night. The next day there was heavy cannonading to the left towards Bull Run, but it soon subsided. The entire Army of the Potomac had now taken .shelter once more behind Bull Run. The enemy had been foiled in his object, partly by the tardiness of his movements and partly by the skill of General Meade in keeping his army well in hand, and making a timely retreat. General Jleade, in his eagerness to escape the disasters which had fallen upon the army under General Pope in August, 1862, lost a golden opportunity to attack and defeat the enemy in detail. Their flanking column came upon his flank and rear at Bristoe Station, and there it was severely defeated by one corps. If he had halted his whole army then and given the enemy battle, instead of falling back to the heights of Cen- treville, he must have obtained an easy victory. General Ewell coming up too late on our left found the Union army safe behind Bull Run, threw across the stream a few shells as a token of love and respect, s.nd then retired. The enemy, baffled in his attempt to cut the communications of the Union army and repeat the brilliant manoeuvre of the year preceding, set about destroying the Orange and Alex- andria railroad. They twisted every rail and burned every tie from Broad Run, near Bristoe Station, to the Rappa- hannock, about twenty-five miles. On October IG the regiment received, one hundred more conscripts. Assistant Surgeon Place reported for duty. He was left at Gettys- burg, soon after was taken ill, and went from there to his home. The following promotions took place about this time : Sergeant H. H. Hubbard was promoted to second lieutenant, for gallant conduct at the battle of Gettysburg; James A. McKinley, first lieutenant Company I, promoted to captain, October 7, vice Patrick Regan, discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability ; Volney J. Pierce, first lieutenant Company G, promoted captain Company D, vice Hulett, resigned ; Joseph Dompsey, second lieutenant Company K, promoted first lieutenant August 26 ; Edward Seenler, ser- geant Company E, promoted second lieutenant Company E, October 7, vice Lieutenant Taylor, killed at Gettysburg ; Sidney Gaylord, sergeant Company E, promoted second lieutenant Company E, October 7 ; James W. Kingsley, sergeant Company K, promoted second lieutenant Company K, August 26. The following is a list of deaths in hospitals : George W. Box, Company C, vSeptember 22, 1863; Charles H. Backus, sergeant Company D ; Levi M. Wallace, Company E, August 18, 1863 \ William Edmonds, Com- pany F, September 17, 1863; Horace Cheever, Company F ; Asa Westcott, Company F, July 25, 1863. CHAPTER XXIL OSWEGO IN THE KEBELLION. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment — Mine Run — Winter Quarters — Battles of tlio Wilderness, North Anna, and Peters- burg. October 19, the First corps advanced to Haymarkct, near the entrance of Thoroughfare Gap. The regiment lost several men, captured on the picket-line that evening. They were surprised by the enemy's cavalry, in consequence of a blunder or negligence of the officer posting the picket-line. On the next day the corps marched through the Gap and encamped on the other side, and remained several days. Captain Gary, Company G, returned to duty. Brigadier- General Rice, late colonel of the Forty-fourth Regiment New York Volunteers (Ellsworth Avengers), about this time was a.ssigned to the coiumand of the Second brigade. Brigadier-General Cutler commanded the First division,* vice General Wadsworth, relieved at Williamsport, Mary- land. October 24, returned through the Gap in a cold, drench- ing rain, and marched to Bristoe Station. The railroad was gradually being repaired, and the army advancing towards the Rappahannock. October 31, Captains Wright, Com- pany K, Parker, Company C, and Slattery, Company B, who were wounded at Gettysburg, reported for duty. No- vember 5, the regiment removed to Catlett's Station. A brigade of the Sixth corps captured more than its number of the enemy at Rappahannock Station. It made a gal- lant charge on a rebel redoubt about sunset, cutting off their retreat across the river, and forced them to sur- render. November 11, Captains Wright, Parker, Gary, Huginin, and Slattery were discharged on General IMcClellan's general order No. 100; also Assistant Sur- geon Place and Lieutenant Hamlin, Conqjany K, were discharged on the same order. On the 9th of November the army crossed the Rappahannock and drove the enemy out of their encampments between the Rap[iahannock and Rapidan. They had made elaborate preparations for the winter; had erected comfortable log huts for winter-fiuar- ot lllSTOKV OF OSWKGO COUNTY, NEW lUUK. tcrs, as if the)' had iiK'iiiit to stay. The eneioy rctri'utcJ across the liapidnn. and again went into winter (|uarlor8 at (lordonsville and Frrdcricksbur'.'. NoVCMnher 27, the Union ami)' erosscd the Itajiidan to attacii the enemy ; tlieir army at the time was stretehed from Gordonsvilie to Fredericks- burg. Tlie object of the movement was to suryirise the enemy, separate the two wings before they could unite, and attack cacli in detail. The enterprise miscarried because of delay in concentrating for tlie attack, giving the enemy lime to unite and oppiise the Army of the I'citoniac with llicir entire force. The First corjis crossed the liapidun at Germania Ford at three A.M., marched to Gold Mine, near the juncliori of the Gordonsvilie road, and encamped. On the 2^ith niarclied to liobiuson's Tavern, in tiie Wilder- ness. On the way, the FitUi corps ordnance train was at- tacked l)y guerrilla.s. Tliey were sUitioned on the road, dressed in Federal uniform, and were taken for Union stragglers. As soon as the ordnance train passed by they deployed across the road, and in the thicket intercepted tlic head of the column oi' the First corps. 15y the time troops had deployed and driven the guerrillas off they had killed or captured several of the wagon-guard, who on the way were riding on the wagons, neglecting their duty ; and drivers ran off three or four of the ordnance wagons on to a by-road, and killed several of the mules. Tliey set fire to the wagons which they had captured ; the explosions of the shells were heard a long time afterwards. This delayed the column but a short time in its march. About three p.m. the corps reached Robinson's Tavern. Towards Gordonsvilie, heavy cannonading and musketry Were heard to our right, about two or three miles distant. The corps was immediately got in marching order, and started through the dense thicket for the scene of action. General French, commander of the Third corjis, had experienced delay in crossing the ford, and was several hours behind. The enemy had attacked him in force and liad checked his advance. When the First corps arrived on the ground the battle had ceased. The remainder of the day and till about ten .\.M. on the 2!)th was occupied in getting into po.sition. The First cor])s formed into lino of battle, and charged through the dense thickets, and over ravines, pre- serving a perfect line wlien po.ssible; when any part of the line was interrupted by some impediment, formed into columns by regiments, de[iloying into line again when the impediment was j)assed. preserving intact an unbroken and even front, and a continuous line of battle, until the enemy were driven across Mine Run. No manceuvre could have been more jierfectly executed on an even parade-ground. It was a beautiful sight. Across the run, the enemy occupied a natural fortification, with escarpment, bastions, and salii'nt angles, the run serving as a ditch. November 80 was spent in reconnoitcring the enemy's position to find a weak point for an attack. Decendier 1, the army remained throngh the day to await the result of a flank movement by the Second corps, commanded by General Warren, but he found all parts of the enemy's line cf|Uallj' ]irotected and ini])ervious to attack. In the mean time the weallier had become intensely cold ; the men on theskirmish- and picket-lines suffered terribly ; some of the wounded were frozen on the ground. In the night it fell to the lot of the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Rcgiinent, under Lieutenant-Colonel Harney, to picket the front across the run. No fires were allowed ; they were in clos<- )iroxiinily to the enemy, and the least noise would draw upon them a .shower of bullets. When he withdrew the line, many of the men were so benumbed with cold that it was with difficulty that they could be urged to withdraw. The enemy had alri-.idy made a movement t^i cut them off, and the regiment barely got across the run in time to escape capture. In the evening of December 1, the army fell back. The First corps encamped on the south bank of the Ra]>idan, at Ely's Ford. In the morning of December 2 returned to near Culpepper, and from there went to Kelly's Ford, on the Rap]>ahurmoek. Here the corps went into encampment, and remained several weeks. The regiment suffered much by sickness, especially the unsea.soned conscripts. Remittent and typho-malarial fevers beciinie prevalent. The ground was saturated with moisture ; it had a clay subsoil which retained the moisture from the autumnal rains. Excavations made for the puq)ose of constructing the camp would soon fill up to the surface of the ground with water discolored by the clay. Colonel Miller, Captain Cocy, and Lieutenant Gillett returned to duty from their trip north for conscripts. About January 1, 1864, the First corps moved to Cul- pepper and went into winter quarters ; it occupied a rolling country with pure water. The health of the regiment immediately improved, and the hospital soon became empty. During the winter the following promotions took place: Lieutenant-Colonel F. C. 3Iiller, promoted to colonel, No- vember 24, 1803, vice J. G. Butler, di.^charged on sur- geon s certificate of disability ; Major G. Harney, promoted lieutenant-colonel, December 15, vice F. C. Miller, pro- moted; D. Farling, adjutant, promoted major, December 15, vice G. Harney, jiromuted ; H. II. Lyman, second lieu- tenant Company C, promoted adjutant, January 12, 18G4, vice Farling. ]iriimoted ; Jose]ih Demp.sey. first lieutenant Company K, promoted ca])tain, January 12, 18G4 ; Gmrge Iluginin, first lieutenant Company A, promoted captain Company B ; Henry H. Hubbard, second lieutenant Cred, November 30, 1863; William J. (iillett, promoted to caiitain, March 30. 1864 ; James W. Kingsley, second lieutenant Company K, pro- moted first lieutenant, March 30, 1864; James Brown, sergeant Comii:iiiy B, promoted first lieutenant. July 27, 1863; Byron Parkhurst, sergeant Company G, promoted first lieutenant Company G, December 24, 1863; Alexander King, sergeant Coni]iaiiy D, jironioted second lieut»'nant Com- pany I), December 24, 1863, again promoted to first lieuten- ant Company D, April 14, 1864 ; Cheney D. Barney, second lieutenant Company H, promoted first lieutenant Company II, February S, 1S64; William A. Wybourn, second lieu- tenant, promoted first lieutenant, January 23, 1864 ; Lansing Bristol, sergeant Company D, promoted second lieutenant Company D, April 14, 1864 ; Franklin N. Hamlin, restored first lieutenant Company K, December 24, 1863; Edwin M. Spcrry, sergeant Company C, promoted second lieutenant Company C, February 8, 1864 ; Clark H. Norton, sergeant HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 95 Company H, promoted second lieutenant Company II, December 7, 18(53 ; John Berry, of the Fourteentli Brooklyn, promoted second lieutenant Company A, November 24, 1863 ; William Kinney, sergeant Company K, promoted second lieutenant, January 11, 1864; Joel A. Baker, ser- geant-major, promoted second lieutenant Company G, April 19, 1864. The winter of 1863-64, after the terrible battles and weary marches of the previous season, was spent in a series of amusements and recreation. All pursuits of life were represented in our volunteer army. Rude theatres were constructed, and the drama became the most popular source of amusement. Scenes of the war were represented on the mimic stage, generally at the expense of the enemy. The Fourteenth Brooklyn was specially fertile in inventing these ludicrous representations, but they stimulated rivah'y and emulation, and rival theatres sprang up. March 19, 1864, a reconnoissance in force was made on the enemy's front. The baggage was packed, tents struck, and every- thing put in readiness to be sent to the rear. The First corps marched to the Rapidan at Morton's Ford in the night, and there encamped in a swamp. The men were obliged to put down a layer of rails and logs to keep out of the water. The enemy were strongly fortified across the stream. The opposite bank rose abruptly, and a series of rifle-pits, filled with rebel sharpshooters, rose up to the top of the bank. The Sixth corps eflFected a crossing in another part of the line, but was driven back with considerable loss. The object of the movement was to prevent the enemy from detaching any considerable force to send southwest to oppose General Sherman. During the winter a congressional committee investigated the condition of the army. It was thought that results in- adequate to the force and strength of the army had been attained. A reorganization of the army was recommended to make it more eificient. The First corps was consolidated with and merged into the Fifth corps under Major-General War- ren. The Third and Second corps were consolidated into the Second corps under Major-General Hancock. Other changes took place. General Wadsworth returned, and a.ssumed command of his old First division, now of the Fifth corps. General Grant had been assigned the command of all the Federal armies, and made his headquarters with those of the Army of the Potomac. JIarch 29, the Army of the Potomac was reviewed by General Grant. He in- spected the trooi)s very closely and with care. The following is a list of those killed in battle or who died in hospital,* from October 16, 1863, to May 4, 1864 : Alpheus Austin, Company A, captured at Haymarket, Virginia, October 19, died in Andcrsonville prison ; James Guard, Company A, killed November 3, 1863, at David's island. New York ; Israel Barber, died November 8, 1863, of typhoid fever ; Daniel Wilson, Company B, December 23, 1863; Lucian Gibbs, Company B, November, 1863; Samuel Delano, died at Richmond, Virginia, December 2, 1863; Jonathan Ween, Company B, December 10. 1863; Josiah Farrington, Company F, November 24, 1863; Os- * Tho iibovo only in;Iu Ics tho iiatn'js of the original organization. sian Howe, Company F, December 15, 1863; Jacob Snider, Company F, date unknown ; Robert N. Baker, cor- poral Company G, November 20, 1863; Decatur Russell, Company H, November 28, 18C3 ; Isaac Gosline, Company H, November 27, 1863 ; John B. McCord, Company II, February 15, 1864; Elam Seymour, Company F, January 30, 1864; Benjamin I. Stone, December 20, 1863; Levi Decker, Company I, November 23, 1863; Nathaniel Covert, Company K, January 10, 1864; Andrew Craig, Company K, December 8, 1863 ; John Daly, Company K, January 18, 1864 ; John W. Elliott, Company K, Novem- ber 17, 1863; Nicholas McCoy, Company K, January 8, 1864 ; Daniel Sharp, Company K, January 2, 1864 ; John Maggerly, Company D, January 31, 1864; Stephen L. Lacy, Company E, March 10, 1804 ; William Toplier, Feb- rnary 25, 1864. Conscripts or recruits killed in battle or died in hospitals are not included in this list, as their names are not found on the final muster-out rolls deposited in the adjutant-general's office in Albany. B.\TTLES OF THE WILDERNESS, SPOTTSrLVANI.\, NORTH ANNA, AND PETERSBURG. May 5, 1804, commenced the memorable campaign of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Petersburg. The Fifth corps set out in the night of the 3d, crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford, and encamped near the gold mine. On the morning of the 5th, advanced to the right on a wood road over a mai'sh, and up a steep hill through a dense thicket of scrub pine timber, into a clearing. Here, the ammunition- and baggage-trains and artillery were halted. Heavy skirmishing was heard in front. A captured rebel was brought in to Generals Warren and Wadsworth, and questioned. He said there were only two or three rebel regiments in front. The First division formed into a line of battle and advanced towards Mine Run. After advanc- ing about half a mile in a dense thicket, and over ridges and ravines, preserving the line with difficulty, they met the enemy. They were concealed in an opening partially grown up to stunted, bushy pine. The division was greeted with a withering volley. The right of the line soon fell back, leaving the right flank of the Second brigade exposed. The enemy pressed on all sides, and the brigade was forced to give way. It fell back to the clearing from whence it started, in some disorder, but none too soon to prevent being cap- tured. The enemy had driven in all on the left, and occupied part of the clearing. The ammunition- and baggage-trains and artillery were all gone. The entire Pennsylvania Re- serves, who were to the left, were cut off and captured. The enemy had formed a " cul de sac," and the only point of egress was the narrow path through which the brigade had retreated. Blany of the regiment, trying to escape, ran into the enemy's lines and were taken prisoners. Colonel Miller was severely wounded, and captured. Adju- tant Lyman and many of the skirmish-line were captured. Generals Griffin's and Crawford's divisions, in advance farther to the left, had been struck by General Hill's corps, and driven in. When the Second brigade emerged from the woods on the retreat, the enemy occupied a hill to the left, in short range from the broken brigade. General Rice, supposing them to be Federal troops, tried to rally his no HISTORY OF O.SWKC.O COUNTY, NEW YORK. liii^'adi', hut he soon foiiti(i (lie imsilion uiitciiablo, and lull back to iiL'ar tlif road, at Tod's Tuvctd, from wlicru tlie Fifth corps turned off in the momiii<;. There General Wadsworth w;ls railvinji liis division. The First divisiim wxs luovcd ofT ill another direttion, but «a.s not agiiin engaged that day. The loss of the regiment in killed, wounded, and prisoners wa.s very large. It is difficult to describe tlie positions which the regiment took during the remainder of the two days' battle. The country is a wild region. The timber had been formerly cut off to supply iron-furnaces, and the land left to grow up to dwarf jiine, scrub oak, chini|uapin.s, and bnunblcs. The surface is broken into low ridges, ravines, and swamps. The wood took fire in many jdaces, adding the torture of burning by a slow fire to the usual horrors of a kittle-field. There was a continuous discharge of musketry tliroughout the night from the muskets of the fallen as they were ignited by the burning woods. In the morning at five the battle was ag:iin opened. The Fii-st divi- sion had marched several miles to the left after its repulse on the 5th. It made a fierce attack on the enemy's right, and drove it back one mile and a half, overturning General Lee's head(|uartcrs. The Fifty-.sixth I'enn.-iylvania and the One Hundred and Forty -seventh New York, under Colonel Hofmann, of the Fifty-sixth Pciin.«ylvaiiia, attacked the enemy and recovered a jiosition lost by a part of the Second corps, which had given way. The position was de- manded of Colonel Hofmann by the defeated colonel of the Second corps, which he refiLsed to give up until ordered to do so by his superior officer. General Wadsworth was killed while leading his division to theattaek.and fell intothe hands of the enemy. His bravery commanded respect from the foe. His body was carefully preserved, and afterwards sent into the Federal lines under a flag of truce. In him the country lost an earnest and single-minded patriot. It was often s;iid of him that " he knew not fear." lie was shot down when rashly exposing himself to encourage his men, who were shrinking from a gsdling fire, saying, " There is not danger enough to harm a mouse." The battle raged until after dark, neither side gaining any ma- terial advantage. Towards nightfall General Lee massed a large force on our right, and drove it far enough to get possession of our cominunieations. The wounded were loaded into ambulances and empty baggage-wagons, ready to be sent to Wa.'«hington by Ciilpe|iper, when the news of the disaster came. They were retained in the ambulances until Communications could be opened by Fredericksburg and A(|uia creek or Belle Plain. They suffered much by the detention and transportation over rough roads. The First division in this two days' battle lost over half of its num- bers. Thus terminated, for the Union forces, the most bloody and unii|ue battle of the war. It was fought mostly in dense thickets, the eombatant.s often coming upon each other without warning, and soon became inextricably mixed and confused, neither party knowing which way to turn to find its way out. It w:\s only by the general plan of battle that any order could be preserved. The effective fighting force of the Union army was about eighty thousand, in- cluding the artillery, which, owing to the nature of the country, did but little service. This is exclusive of General Burnside's corps, which re- mained liehind to protect the rear, and did not cross the Rapidan till the .second day. The effective strength of the enemy was sixty thousand muskets, which was reinforced on the second day twenty thou.sind muskets by General Longstreet. The Union army was jiermitted to cross the fords, which were strongly fortified, unmolested. Gencrul Lee's jilan was to launch his whole force and strike the Union column on the flank, after cro.ssing the fords, when marcliing. It had failed through difficulty of maiKuuvring his army in the dense thickets of the Wilderness. It was sujiposed by General Ijee that General Grant would turn back after the second day, and he sent a large cavalry force across the river to intercept his retreat. But General Grant, contrary to the previous habits of Union generals, on the morning of the 7th, with about twenty thousand wounded, in ambulances and wagons, set out for Spottsylvania, about fifteen miles distant. General Lee, on interior lines, hastened on, reached and occupied his fortified positions before him. The Fifth corps in the advance was impeded by the enemy's cavalry, and infantry attacks on the flank obliged it to keep up a running fight all that day. General Rob- inson, Second division, was wounded and lost a leg. By the time the Fifth corps came up the enemy had arrived, and were strongly intrenched in its front. In the niorning of the 8tli the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment was engaged in repelling an attack of the enemy, with con- siderable loss in killed and wounded. May 9 was mainly occupied in getting into position by both armies. The enemy occu|iied a strong intrenched position, barring fur- ther advance of the Union army. No fighting except by sharpshooters ; the men were obliged to keep under cover, as the least exposure drew the fire of the enemy. General Sedgwick, of the Sixth corps, was jiieked off by a shar])- shootcr. May 10, about lUHin, the regiment was engaged, and was relieved when out of ammunition. About five P..M. was again brought into action and remained until after dark ; was driven back by the burning woods; loss in killed and wounded considerable. May 1 1 the regiment lay in the rifle-pits under a heavy cannonading of shot and shell, and a constant fire frinn sharpshooters. May 12, five .\..M., the regiment went into the skirmish-line without its breakfast, charged through a dense thicket up a hill to the cnetny's breastworks, and were repulsed. The regiment then went about five miles to the left, to engage in one of the most determined and fiercely-contested battles of the war. At 4.30 .\.M. General Hancock with the Second corps stormed a salient angle of the enemy's works, and carried it, cap- turing twelve thousand of the enemy. He pursued the enemy to the second line of works ; having partially lost tlio organization of the corps, he was forced to retire to the first line, which, by the aid of reinforcements, he was able to hold. The whole rebel army wits nearly demoralized and routed by this on.set, and was only saved by the jiersonal cxanijile and bravery of (iciieral Lee. He caught up a standard and jilaced himself in front of his routed and de- moralized troops, rallied them, and in person commenced to lead them back to the charge. His officers and men, inspirited by his exain|ile, first forced him to the rear, then cliarged upon General Hancock, and drove him back to the HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 97 first line. In course of the clay General Lee made five desperate attacks upon this line, but wa.s repulsed each time with great slaughter. Here was the most remarkable fighting of the war. Part of the Fifth corps was moved up in the evening to assist in holding the position. Every man was given two hundred and fifty rounds of cartridges, and was ordered to keep up a constant fusilade towards the enemy throughout the night ; by .so doing they kept down the enemy's fire. No living thing could withstand such a constant stream of bullets. In the morning there was no enemy in sight in front, and their dead lay in heaps behind their breastworks, mostly shot through the head. The trees within musket-range were killed, and one tree eighteen inches in diameter was cut clean in two by bullets. May 11, the brave General Riee, commander of the Second brigade, when in front of his command, had his thighbone shattered by a bullet from a rebel sharpshooter, and died that evening after an amputa- tion, from loss of blood. When breathing his last, he made a request to have his face turned towards the enemy. Lieutenant-Colonel Harney was slightly wounded that after- noon in leading a charge on the enemy's works. In with- drawing the First division of the Fifth corps to aid in holding the position gained by the Second corps, the Fifth corps' hospitals were necessarily uncovered. All the wounded that could be ea.sily moved were re- moved to a place of safety during the night, but about two thousand were abandoned and captured by the enemy's cavalry. Among them were several officeis and men be- longing to the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment. They were rescued by the Federal cavalry three days after- wards, but, from the want of care and proper nourishment, many of them died who would otherwise have recovered. In the night of the 13th the regiment experienced the most fatiguing march of the war. It had been raining steadily during several days, and the mud was deep. The corps moved twelve miles to the left, through thickets, swamps, and ravines. During several days General Grant had been gradually moving his army to the left to get around the enemy's right, but he was met by a corresponding movement by General Lee. In these series of battles the regiment had sufi'ered greatly in killed and wounded and from sickness. The following were killed or fatally wounded in the bat- tles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, ]May 5, 1865 : Company A, Arnold Brown, Benoni Baker, David Bird, George Bull, William Backus, Job G. Campbell, Abram I. White, John E. Peer, May 8; Drisdon Founier, wounded May 5, died August Ifi. Company B, May 5, Bcntly H. Throop; Simon Barbo, May 12. May 5, wounded, Eugene Burlingame, died July 2, 18C4. May 5, William Cullen, Allen S. Voree. Company C, May 5, Ransom Guinness, Albert Eaton. Company D, Thomas Murphey, corporal, May 8 ; Wil- liam Horsford, May 12; John 0. Hadley. Company E, Burr B. Lathrop, May 5; William Caster, Jlay 5 ; Roland T. Rogers, May 10 ; Charles Brownell. Company F, James Brown, first lieutenant, died July 1, 1SC4, from wounds received May 10, 18G4, at Spottsyl- vania. Company G, May 5, William S. Herrick; May 5, Wil- liam HarrLson ; May 5, Albert June ; George W. Snell, May 10. Company K, Franklin N. Ilamlin, first lieutenant, died of wounds received May 5, 1804 ; Joseph Walker, May 5 ; Joseph Ballard, Silas E. Parsons, Daniel A''anderwalker, William Whitehead, Abram M. Wiburu, Michael Walken- block. May 21 the Fifth corps marched to Guineas' station-, on the Fredericksburg and Richmond railroad. Continued the march on the 22d, and reached the North Anna river at four P.M. on the 24th at Jericho ford. The banks of the stream were precipitous, and at places rising up perpen- dicularly thirty or forty feet. The cro.ssing was at a dis- used ford. The road leading down the banks had been washed out by rains, and had to be graded. The First division, commanded by General Cutler, crossed over in advance, fording the stream, before the pontoon bridge was laid. The general carelessly gave permission to his division to mass and get cofiee, at the same time posting a few pickets. General Warren coming up a few minutes after, seeing from the opposite side of the stream the precarious condition of the division, sent a peremptory command to General Cutler to get his division into line of battle at once, and get it in readiness to receive an attack from the enemy. One brigade had time to form and advance a few paces in a pine wood, when it was greeted with a deafening roar of musketry. It came out disorganized, and fled pre- cipitately down the banks of the stream. A host of non- combatants, — chaplains, servants with pack animals, stretcher bearers, hospital attendants, and surgeons, — who had crossed over with the division, took fright, and fleil, giving the appearance of a stampede. In the mean time, the enemy had commenced an artillery duel with four Federal bat- teries stationed on the bluifs on the north side of the river, the shells pa.ssing over the heads of the frightened non- combatants, adding terror to their fright. The Second brigade, commanded by Colonel Hofmann, was formed into line, stood firm, and was in readiness to receive the enemy. A battery, commanded by Captain Mink, formerly a Black river boatman, a brave artillery oflicer, came over at the critical moment ; he posted his battery on an eleva- tion to the right of the Second brigade, at the same time sending a request to Colonel Hofmann to reserve fire, and give him the first chance at the rebels. He had loaded his guns to the muzzle with canister. The enemy came swarming out of the woods within short range of the bat- tery, when it was discharged in their midst. They recoiled, and fled panic-stricken. The battle was soon renewed. The enemy was finally repulsed with a loss of one thou.sand prisoners. The Fiith corps lost three hundred and fifty killed and wounded. A second Ball's Bluff disaster was only prevented by the timely arrival of General Warren on the north bank of the stream, and the opportune arrival of Captain Mink at the critical moment on the field of battle. He had been wounded, and carried a crutch with him at the time. During the battle General Warreu came over and up- braided General Cutler, an old man, in forcible but not over-polite terms for his carelessness. In the mean lime, 98 HISTORY OF OSWEOO COUNTY. NEW YORK. General Hancock, with tlie SecoiiJ corps, had cfffcted a cros.siiig four or five miles below, and General Wright, with the Sixth corps, afterwards crossed above. In the morning, May 24, the One Hundred and Fortj'- seventh Regiment was deployed as skirmishers in the ad- vance. Atjout forty of the affrighted rebels were captured. They had not recovered from the demoralization caused by the battle of yesterday. They appeared to be very willing prisoners. In the morning of the 25th the regiment was again deployed on the skimiish-linc, and advanced towards Hanover junction, to the southeast about two miles; had severe fighting; the countr}' flat and densely wooded at places ; loss in killed and wounded considerable. May 2G it seemed evident that not much progre.ss was to be made towards Kielimond in this direction. The enemy still held the south bank of the stream between the Fifth corps and General Hancock, and were strongly posted in our front. In the night the corps wiis witiidrawn to the north bank of the stream, and started for Hanover town on the I'aniun- key. Arrived at Hanover town on the 28th. There met General Sheridan's cavalry on its return from a raid on the defenses of Richmond. It had met the cavalry of the enemy, under the rebel general, Stuart, about four miles from Richmond, and fought a .severe battle, in which General Stuart was killed. About one thousand of the wounded cavalry were left in hospital at Hanover town. Jlay 30 the regiment was engaged in the battle of Bethesda Church, ill which a large number of wounded prisoners fell into our hands. May 81, lay in the trenches in front of the defenses of Richmond. Heavy cannonading was heard in the niorningon the riglit, and in the afternoon on the left, but no fighting in front. Juno 2. attacked by the enemy about five P.M. ; fell back and changed front to meet the enemy, and drove them back ; loss considerable. Tliere was heavy firing to the right during the day, wliieh continued along in the night. June 3, battle of Cold Harbor. Commenced throwing up breastworks about daylight ; they were not finished when the battle opened with groat fury ; several were wounded, but none seriously. The heaviest fighting was on the right anil left. The Ninety-fifth New York suffered severely. Lieutenant-Colonel Pye was mortally wouiided. Since crossing the Pamunkey, General Grant had been tentatively feeling the enemy's lines. To-day he had made an assault all along the lines, and was repulsed with great loss in killed and wounded ; the enemy's loss was comparatively' slight, as they were fighting behind breast- works. The regiment lay in the trenches till June 0. The baggiige-wagons came up the first time during thirty days. Officers oy)tained a change of under-clothing for the first time during that period. The state of that which they had on, and of the cuticle, can be ea-sily imagined. In the morning of the 7th, at 3.30, the division moved to the left ; met the enemy at the West Point and Richmond railroad. The Second brigade was deployed as skirmishers, and drove the enemy across the Chickahominy river ; then encamped in the mud for the night. Picketed the north bank of the stream till the li;th. the enemy picketing the other side. The river here is about twenty feet aero.ss. The enemy's pickets were disposed to be friendly, and de- sired to trade tobacco f(jr coffee, but were forbidden to do 80 by their offii-ers ; but the men did so elandestinely, toss- in"; their ctehaniies aero.ss the river. Si.x rebels came into our Hues on the niglit of the 9th. The men fished in the stream. Moved July 13, and crossed the Chickahominy in the night. The regiment was detailed a.s a train-guard, and moved on the road towards the James river ; arrived near the river at eleven P.M., and encamped on a fine ]ilanta- tion, the owner of which, with three sons, had joined the rebel army, one of whom was killed and another wounded in the battle of the Wilderness. June 10, cro.s.scd the James river at Wilson's landing ; marched for Petersburg, starting about noon ; had a weary and toilsome march of twenty-six miles in a broiling sun, each man carrying a blanket, forty rounds of ammunition, and half of a shelter- tent, making a weight of forty or fifty pounds, and went into camp at two .v.M, June 17, about three miles from Pe- tersburg. The regiment by this time had become much enfeebled by constant vigils and long, weary marches in the heat of a Virginia summer. Ssince May 5 it had been almost constantly in the presence of the enemy, and more than half of the time under fire. It often slept in the trenches when the enemy's shells were bursting thick and fast around them as a lullaby. The losses of the armies in their fierce struggles from the Wilderness to the James river were never officially published ; probably they were so enormous that the au- thorities deemed it unwise to appall the country by making known their magnitude. The whole scene of contest from the Rapidan to the Chickahominy rivers was one Golgotha. In many places in the dense thickets the dead were left with- out sepulture, and their bleaching skeletons were seen upon the return of some of their comrades after the surrender at Appomattox Court-House (18G5), who passed through there to revisit the scenes of their former struggles. Gen- eral Grant had had his losses more than made up by con- stant reinforcements from the defenses of Washington by the heavy artillery regiments stationed there. They never supposed they were to be called into the field, and lacked the experience and efficiency of the veterans who had been in con.stiint service and had withstood the shock of a hun- dred battle-fields. They had to withstand the jeers and gibes of the hardened veterans, who, not always without malice, greeted them as " Heavies," and said, " It is better to get accustomed to the use of small guns before attempt- ing to use big ones," because, as they thought, they had shrunk from the dangers of the war by seeking a safe place behind the defen.ses of Washington. These regi- ments were from two thousand to two thousand four hun- dred strong when they came into the field. From sickness, arising from want of j)roper seasoning, and casualties in battle, in a great measure arising from the want of expe- rience, they were soon reduei'd to two or three hundred. They had not yet acquired the '' discretion which is the better part of valor" (not speaking, however, in the Fal- staffian .sense) of the veteran, eoolne.ss and wariness in battle, which can only be attained by long experience, and which makes a veteran three times as valuable as a raw recruit, bravery in both being eipial. From nature's most imperative law, self-preservation, the veteran learns to avoid all unncccs.sary danger, and instinctively seizes upon all the HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 99 advantages of his position. At the end of every day's mart-h, liowever weavy he might be, the veteran would pro- tect him-self by constructing some kind of breastwork to guard against surprise. When on the picket- or skirmish- line, with marvelous quickness, if there was no natural cover, he would scoop up a little mound of earth to protect himself from the bullets of his foe. A gopher could not burrow out of sight sooner than a veteran would conceal himself from the enemy by the use of a tin-cup or a bay- onet. General Grant had been flanking the enemy from the Wilderness to the James river, and now endeavored to suc- ceed by hastily seizing Petersburg before General Lee could get there to defend the place. It was protected by an elab- orate fortification built in the early part of the war, encir- cling the town on the south side of the Appomattox, about two and a half miles from the suburbs. Generals Han- cock, Smith, and Burnside, with a large force, crossed the James river and made a rapid march to surprise the place on the ICth of June; but the enemy got there about the same time. The Union forces took the outer works with- out opposition, and met the enemy midway between the works and the town. A fierce battle ensued ; neither party gained advantage. The enemy, to hold their position, com- menced to build an inner line of works. In the morning of the 17th the Fifth corps, after the toilsome march of the day previous, advanced on the enemy and gained a position, from which it took part in the general assault upon the enemy's lines which was made the next day. June 18, the Union army endeavored to take the enemy's works by coup dc main, but was partially repulsed. A position was gained varying from one hundred to four hundred yards from the enemy's works. A vigorous use of the pick and spade was then made, and in a few days a heavy line of works was built, confronting the enemy's. In the charge of the 18th the line of battle of the Fifth corps passed over a broken country, partly wooded, partly open fields, and crossed diagonally over a deep railroad cut, and up the steep bank, consequently the line of battle became very irregular and uneven. The part of the line occupied by the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Harney, was in the open field ; the line gave way on each side of the regiment, but a part of an- other regiment remained with it. They had charged within a short distance of the enemy's breastworks, and were there left without support. It was more dangerous to fall back than to hold the position. Lieutenant-Colonel Harney ordered the men to lie down behind a low ridge, which afforded partial protection from the enemy's fire. The enemy opened embrasures in their works in front (the men could look into the muzzles of the enemy's cannon as they were run out), and bombarded them with spherical case- shot, which nearly grazed their backs when they passed over them. They kept their position through the day in a broiling sun. The enemy at one time sent out a force on the flank to capture them. Lieutenant-Colonel Harney reserved the fire of liis command until they came within point-blank range, and poured a volley into them. They immediately fled back behind the works. Some of the men clamored for permission to go to the rear. The colonel endeavored to convince them that it was much safer to remain where they w>;re ; but, finally, to quiet the complaints of others, gave four or five of them permis- sion to retire and see what would come of it. They made the attempt, and were all killed or wounded. The lieutenant-colonel, like a true soldier, wished to save the colors, and called for a volunteer to carry them to the rear. William Sullivan, sergeant Company I, volunteered, and carried them off, but was .severely wounded. He was soon after promoted second lieutenant for his gallant con- duct. The regiment remained till after dark, and got off safely. The losses in this day's battle in killed and wounded were very great. The following were killed in battle, or died in hospitals, from Jlay 22 to June 19, 186J : William Upcraft, Company A, killed June 1 ; Christian Field, Company B, killed at North Anna, Slay 25 ; Patrick O'Connor, Company B, wounded May 25, died June 14 ; Orange Beardsley, Company C, killed May 2-1 ; Henry Foster, Company C, June 18, at the battle of Petersburg; Charles Gurnsey, Company C, June 18, at the battle of Petersburg; Herbert Gilbert, Company C, June 17 ; Philip Stevens, Company C, June 18 ; John Fitzgeralds, Company D, killed at battle of Bethe.sda Church, June 2 ; Sidney C. Gaylord, second lieutenant Company E, killed June 18 ; John L. Bayne, Company E, June IS ; Lewellen Laird, Company E, wounded June 18, died June 24 ; David S. Ilice, Company F, June 18 ; Edwin Marshall, Company G, June 18; John McMurray, Company G, June 19 ; Thomas Seagraves, Company G, June 19; Wilbor H. Wentworth, Company G, June 18; Atwell Winchester, Company H, June 19 ; James A. Castle, Company H, June 10 ; Thos. I. Wrightj Company H, May 28, at Andersonville, Georgia; John Mitchell, Company I, died from wounds received June 18; John Daly, Company K, June 18; Samuel Morey and John S. Riley, Company K, June 18 ; Daniel Sanders, Company K, May 25 ; Franklin B. Woodruff, Company K, wounded June 2, died June 11. CHAPTER XXII L OSWEGO IN THE REBELLION. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment — Siege of Peters- Ijurg — Battles of Weldon Railroad, Peoble's Farm, Hatcher's Run, Hicksford, and Dabne3''s Mills. Now commenced the most arduous and trying service of the war, taxing the temper of the men to the utmost endur- ance. The Union army, to make any headway, was com- pelled to hold on to every foot of ground gained, with a death-grip. The front of the line occupied by the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment was in an open field, about two hundred yards from the enemy's breastworks, which it was expected to build up and defend. No one could expose any part of his person without being hit by the enemy's sharpslmoters. Several of the men were shot through the head during the first two or three days. Nothing could be done at first in the daytime, and the men 100 IIISTOIU' OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. worked with a will in the night for self-preservation. The sun came down broiling hot in the day, and the men were without sheltor, save what could be got by planting bougli^, obtained from the neighboring woods in the night. The rear descended to a small stream, then dry ; then ascended an inclitie, fullj' exposed to the rebel sharpshooters; conse- cjuently no reliefs or communications could be got from the rear, without great risk, in the d.iytime. Moreover, on the right thi; Ninth corps occupied a salient angle on a hill within one hundred and twenty-five yards of the enemy's lines. There was constant skirmishing going on in front of that corps ; the balls, passing over the Ninth corps on the right flank, de.scenJcd into the depression in the rear of the regiment. Many men were killed and wounded when cooking their food or wa.shing their clothes: there seemed to be no place of safety, no matter how well, apparently, it was sheltered. In a few days, by constant labor through the nights, strong b.jnib-proofs were built and covered ways constructed, which afforded complete shelter for the men behind the works, and a safe access to the rear. By this time the men were worn out by constant vigils and exposure to the inclement heat. Nearly every man was sick with diarrhcea. There were only one hundred and fifty nien fit for duly. The enemy soon procured cohorn mortars, and silently dropped down shells in the midst of the men when they su]pposcd they were safe. That was a game that two could play at. Mortars were procured on our bide, and both parties amused each other by an exchange of conipli- uients, which often had tragic endings. Occasionally, when a fine opportunity off"ered, when more than usual the enemy were off their guard, a shell would be thrown into their midst, and ])layiiig havoc by a timely explosion (scoring one for our side), would rai.se a shout from our men which would pa.ss all along the line. For a while this game of ball afforded recreation for both parties, but at length a truce was made against picket-firing and sharpshooting for amusement, except by the Ninth corps, which kept up a con- stant fire upon the enemy, for the purpose of concealing from thciu the mining of a rebel fort in its front. The lines, about one mile to the left, approached still nearer to each other, and the picket^lincs were only a few paces apart. The fort erected at the left extremity of the line at this time commanded, by its position on a hill, the enemy's line. Desperate efforts were made by the enemy to drive our forces from it, but without avail. They called it " Fort Ilell," by which name it was after- wards designated. At 4.40 a.m. July 30, the mine in front of the Ninth corps was exploded, blowing up a rebel fort with several hundred men; at the same time the artillery opened all along the line. The Fifth corps took a very small part in this engagement. It kept dciwn the enemy's fire in its immediate front, and awaited orders to join iu the as.sault afterwards. The assault was to have been made by the colored troops, but a short lime before the time set for the springing of the mine the plan of attack was changed, creating some eon- fusion from want of time for ])ri'paration and training the nicti by the commanders who were to lead the a.ssault. The explosion had made a crater one hundred and fifty feet in length by sixty in width, and twenty-five to thirty feet in depth. The sides were of loose sand, from which pro- jected huge blocks of clay, makitig a formidable barrier to the advance of the attacking column. Some delay was caus:;d by removing the ab.itis and clearing away obstajles for the advance of thi troops, giving th.: enemy time to recover from the miuuntjiry panic caused by the explosion. The troops as they rushed into the opening fell into confu- sion, and became mixed up, losing their organization. The enemy rallieil, and poured in upon them a destructive fire from both flanks, and from the crest of the hill in front beyond. But a few troops were able to pass through the crater and deploy so as to protect the fl.mks. The enem}' were protected by covered ways, and were enabled to advance upon them without molestation from the fire from our old works on either side. The atUicking column became wedged in the crater, confused and helpless, unable to advance or retreat. In the mean time the enemy had planted artillery at several points, and gained the range of the crater, and poured a terrible fire upon ths helpless mass. Most of the men in the crater were killed and wounded or captured. Thus ended the attempt to capture Petersburg by breaching the works, by springing a mine, and attacking them in the confusion and panic following it. Great expectations were based upon its success, and corre- sponding depression followed its failure. August 18, the Fifth corps moved to the left, taking a circuitous route, and captured the Weldon railroad, at the Yellow lIou.se. The Second corps had been sent over to the north side of the James to make a feint. The enemy had weakened this point to oppose the Second corps. Two or three attempts had beeti made previously to eajiture this road, and they all had come to grief It was the princijjal .source for supplying the rebel army, and had bjen defended with great pertinacity. The corps massed in an open field on the side of the road. A rebel battery opened at a distance, and plowed uj( an adjoining field with solid shot ; no one was hurt. About six A.M. the enemy had discovered the joke, and returned. The corps formed in line of battle, and advanced to meet them. A sharp fight ensued. Captain Iluginin was severely wounded. The loss in killed and wounded was considerable, mostly in the Second division. In the evening there came up a drenching rain and flooded the country, it being very flat. The rain continued at intervals throughout the next day. In capturing the road there had been an interval left of about four miles, occupied by a line of pickets. The country was mostly grown up to a dense thicket of second growth of yellow pine. In the aft^jmoon of the 1 9th the Fifth corps advanced a strong skirmish-line towards Petersburg, before connecting the line on the right, leaving the gap unclosed, llebel General Mahone, the liele noir of the Fifth corps, marched throngli the gap witli a large force, in the rear of the skirinish-lioe, and captured nearly the entire force — nearly three thousand men — without firing a shot. They were all armed with Spencer rifles. One brigade, commanded by Colonel Wheelock, faced about, atid fought its way back. The enemy came upon the Federal line of battle without warning. The centre of the line, being sur- prised, gave way, and fled in confusion. The disaster for a time seemed irreparable. The Second brigade. Colonel Hof- HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 101 inann commanding, occupied the extreme left of the line in an open field, and was cut oflF. It was ordered to fall back. The officer on Colonel Hofuiann's staff had to pass over a long space swept by the enemy's bullets to give the order. He reached the regiment on the right, and gave the order, and told the colonel of the regiment to pass it down the line, and then returned. The order was not promulgated to the other regiments. The regiment that received the order fell back, leaving the remainder of the brigade on the field. General Warren, seeing from a distance the three regiments of the brigade, supposing theui to be the enemy, ordered a battery to open upon them. The brigade was successfully repelling the enemy when the battery sent a shower of shells into its midst. They were receiving a fire from friend and foe, and were for a while obliged to dodge from one side of the breastworks to the other for protection. The mistake was soon discovered, and the captain of the battery was ordered to desist firing. The brigade held to its position, and repulsed the enemy in its front. About this time the Fifth corps was reinforced by a division of the Ninth corps under General Wilcox, and the enemy were driven back. The possession of the railroad was maintained in conse- quence of the failure of the staff ofiicer to give the order to the whole brigade to retire, and the determined bravery of the brigade in holding to its position when receiving a fire from the front and rear. Lieutenant-Colonel Harney was slightly wounded by a fragment of one of our .shells. Sev- eral of the men ct' the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment were killed and wounded by the shells from our battery. General Warren, fearing another attack from the enemy, in order to drive him from the railroad, as the road was almost a vital necessity to them, immediately com- menced to re-arrange and strengthen his lines. He was a very able engineer officer. He superintended the construc- tion of the works in person, at times using the spade to en- courage the men. The corps worked day and night to prepare for another attack. August 21 the enemy made another attack. They expected, from the knowledge gained of our position in the previous attack, to win an easy vic- tory, but in the mean time the position of the works had been materially altered and strengthened. They were easily repulsed, this time with terrible slaughter, and with slight loss to the Fifth corps. The attack fell almost wholly on the First division. An incident occurred during this battle illustrating the reckless daring of some of our officers. The attack in front had been terribly repulsed, and all fighting had cea.sed, when a rebel brigade emerged from some woods on the left flank and rear of the First division, within short range of our troops. They liad arrived on the field too late. Cap- tain Daily, on General Cutler's staff, took in the situation, and rode alone down in the mid.st of them, snatched away the brigade colors from the color-bearer, and demanded a surrender of the brigade. General Haywood, the rebel commander, being dismounted at the time, walked up to Captain Daily and shot him through the lung. As Captain Daily fell from the saddle, General Haywood leaped into it, and ordered his brigade to face about and retreat. Up to ibi.s time there had been no firing from either side. The division, seeing Captain Daily with the colors, supposed the brigade had surrendered. Wlien General Haywood shot Captain Daily the division opened upon them a destructive fire. One-half of the brigade was killed or wounded. Captain Daily was found behind a stump, where he had crept for shelter from our bullets. His horse was found wounded. General Haywood had got off wounded. A Charleston paper soon after contained an account of a personal encounter of General Haywood with a Yankee officer in this battle, in which General Hay- wood by his prowess had slain the officer and come off victorious. The dead and wounded of the enemy lay thick before our breastworks ; many battle-flags and other trophies were picked up on the field. Our hospitals were filled with their wounded, many of them riddled with bullets, showing the destructiveness of our fire. The men were greatly elated and inspirited over this easy victory. The conditions of the fight had been reversed. Since the battle of the Wil- derness the enemy had acted on the defensive, and had fought mostly behind breastworks, and had our army to a great advantage. In the Wisconsin brigade there were several wild Indians from the plains ; many of them could not speak English. They served an excellent purpose as irregular troo])S, as scouts and skirmishers The nature of the country afforded an excellent field for their mode of warfare. With character- istic cunning, they would creep upon the enemy's picket- or .skirmish-line like a snake, or ascend trees, and conceal themselves among the branches. In one of the engage- ments many of them were wounded, and taken to hospital. They silently, with frightened looks, watched the surgeons as they placed the wounded on the operating-table, made them insensible with chloroform, and probed and examined their wounds or cut off their limbs. When it came to their turn to be examined, they were seized with a great fear lest they should be dismembered of their limbs. Their untutored minds could not be persuaded that it was for their good, and the surgeons meant them no harm. They looked upon it all as a species of torture. Many of them who were seriously wounded had to be left to nature, unaided, to cure their wounds. One time Lieutenant-Colonel Harney had command of the skirmish-line when a rebel was captured. Lieutenant- Colonel Harney gave him in charge of one of the.se Indians, and instructed him to take the prisoner to the rear, and deliver him to the provost-guard. In a very short time the Indian returned to the front. Lientenant-Colonel Harney asked him what he had done with his prisoner, and was hor- rified at hearing the rejily, " Oh, me shoot hiiu." He had taken him a short distance in the thicket and shot him. He could not understand why so much pains should be taken with a prisoner, after incurring so much trouble and danger in capturing him. In a few days after the battle the lines were strongly fortified, and extended beyond the Weldun railroad. The siege of Petersburg was slowly progressing; every fijot of ground gained was so strengthened as to be defended with a small force. In Scptcmljcr, another feint was made across the James river, and the Fifth corps uuide an attack on the 102 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. enemy's line, lialf a mile to the left, capturing by surprise two strong forts newly built. Towards ni^'htfull the enemy returned. The Second brigade, under Colonel Hof- mann, was marched about half a mile in front, through a belt of timber, :ind encamped for the night. At early dawn the next morning the enemy discovered the exposed position of the brigade, and opened an enfilading fire upon it. Before the brigade could get under arms and gain a defensive position it was thrown into disorder, notwith- standing the coolness of Colonel Hofmann, whose voice rang clear and distinct above the din of the bursting shells and the roar of musketry. The brigade retired in some di.s- order behind the forts captured on the day previous. The remainder of the corp.s was waiting to receive them, and the enemy were quickly repulsed. The brigade was sent for- ward for a decoy to draw the enemy into the works, — a foolish and needless sacrifice of men. This was called the battle of Peeblc's Farm. Again several weeks were spent in fortifying and extending the lines, gradually closing in upon the enemy. About the middle of October, another see-saw movement was made. Three corps, the Second, Fifth, and Ninth, advanced three miles to the left, to get po.s.scssion of the South Side railroad, the last line of communication leading to Petersburg, excepting the railroad connecting Petersburg with Hichmoiid, Tiie Fifth and Ninth corps marched to the right and fornjcd on Hatcher's run, the Ninth corps to the right, the Fifth corps to the left of the run. The Second corps took a detour to the left and was to join the Fifth corps on its left. The Second corps met with considerable opposition from the enemy in endeavoring to got into position, and did not succeed in forming a junction with the Fifth corps, there being an interval of nearly a mile between them. The country was grown up to a dense thicket, the .surface was uneven, and ;is difficult to manoeuvre an army in as the Wilderness. The maps which were used by our generals as guides were imperfect and misleading. Hatcher's run is a very tortuous stream. General Warren was ordered to keep his right on the stream. The two corps. Fifth and Ninth, formed into line of battle, without waiting for the Second corps to come up and join the Fifth corps on the left. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment was detailed to act as flankers on the left, to guard the Fifth corps against surprise. The duty of flankers is to march by the flank, or in column, within sight of the main army, to guard it against surprise. The thicket was so dense that objects but a short distance oflT could not be seen. The direction of the line of battle of the Fifth corps was soon deflected to the right, in order to follow the turning of the stream. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment soon lost sight of the main line, and continued its march in a straight course into the gap between the Second and Fiflh corjts, diverging more and more from the line of battle as it marched ; it soon become lost. After a while a stafl'-officer, after a long .search, came with an order to Lieutenant- Colonel Harney, directing him to advance with the regi- ment and find the right of the Second corps, and picket the iiitcr.space between the two corps. Iiicutcnaiil-(.'oloiiel Harney, ever cautious to guard again.st surprise or sudden disaster, rode in front with an orderly, to examine the ground : when the regiment came up halted it until he examined farther on. The regiment kept on in this way until the left of the Fifth cor[i6 was found. Lieutenant- Colonel Harney then rode oflT to find the right of the Second corps. Soon after, a deafening roar of musketry was heard from the direction towards which he had but a few minutes before disappeared. The enemy soon poured into the gap. They attacked the Second corps in front and on the flank at the same time, overwhelming it and forcing it back. The One Hun- dred and Forty-.seventh Regiment made a hasty retreat and got 08 without loss, save the great one of losing Lieu- tenant-Colonel Harney. He was not again seen by the regiment until it was on its return from Appomattox Court-House after General Lee surrendered. He had saved the regiment from capture, and probably from a great I0.SS in killed and wounded, by his timely caution. It was not known during matiy months whether he was killed or captured, and his loss was mourned by the regiment more than all of its previous misfortunes. The whole army fell back when the Second corps was forced to retire, and en- camped near Hatcher's Run. Early the next morning it resumed its retreat and returned to its old (juartcrs in the intrenched camji. Many incidents occurred of an amusing nature during the stay in the dense woods. Rebel General Mahone, the bugbear of the Fifth corps, found, as was his wont, the weak point in our line, and it was his division which came into the gap. In the attack on the Second corps his troops became much broken up into S(|uads, which became lost in the woods. They wan- dered aimle.ssl}' around, and often met similar squads of our own troops lost in the same manner. They would demand of each other a surrender, a brief ]iarley would be had, and it was decided that the weaker in numbers should surrender to the stronger, upon the democratic principle that the stronger should rule. At length they would run upon another squad, there wouM be another counting of noses, and perhaps a reconsideration of the former vote, the stronger always carrying the day. But in the retreat the gap was closed by the two corps uniting, and all the lost squads of the enemy were captured and brought out as prisoners. There were between seven and eight hundred of them. No new move was made until December. It was discovered that the enemy had established a line of communications connecting the Wcldon railroad, about twenty miles below or south of our lines, with tiic same railroad within the enemy's lines, near Petersburg, by the Boynton plank-road. The fifth corps was ordered on a raid down to the North Carolina line, to destroy the Weld'Mi railroad and break up the communication. The corps crossed the Nottoway river, about twenty miles south of Petersburg, and there cut loose from all communications. The weather was very warm for the season. It seemed very nincli like .setting out on a pleasure excursion. The rights of property with the inhabitants were scrupulously respected. The first day the troops marched till late in the night. The moon shone with unusual s]ilendor; there was not a fleck of a cloud to be stvn. The weather was so warm and the air so balmy that the officers did not have HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 103 their tents put up, but laid them on the ground to sleep on. Late in the night there came a sudden down-pour; the officers awoke witli the rushing of waters under them, which nearly floated them off. The next day, about noon, there came a dash of the enemy's cavalry, throwing the head of the column into temporary confusion. The division was then commanded by General Crawford, and had the advance. The troops were as soon as possible deployed across the road and in adjoining fields to repel the cavalry, on account of the suddenness of the attack. There were conflicting orders, and the enemy's cavalry got oflF without much loss. As soon as they saw that they were charging upon a line of infantry they turned and fled. General Warren, hasty and passionate, upbraided some of his officers for allow- ing them to escape. The Federal cavalry were supposed to be in advance. The inhabitants in the country had stored in their cellars plenty of eider-brandy, or apple-jack. Our cavalry had on the road stopped at the houses and partaken freely of the fiery beverage, and were nearly all lying intoxicated along the road. Towards evening the Weldon railroad was reached ; then commenced its destruction. A brigade was marched along the side of the railroad track and halted. A break was made in the track at one end of the brigade. The track was then pried up at that end with ties, and turned nearly over bodily. After once started, the process of lifting one side of the track from the bed and turning it over became a very easy matti r Miles of track, with its ties attached intact, were, in a very short time, turned over from the bed, leaving the ties on top of the rails. It was then an easy matter to wrench the ties from the rails and pile them up into heaps and set fire to them. The rails were placed across the burning piles of ties, which soon became heated in the middle, and the weight of the ends bent them in the shape of a bow. A rail of railroad iron, when once sub- jected to this process, can never again be restored. By the evening of the next day nearly twenty-five miles of the Weldon railroad was completely destroyed. At Hicksford, on the Meherrin river, the enemy con- fronted the Fifth corps witji a superior force. A sharp skirmish was had at that place, and the corps set out on its return, the object of the expedition having been accom- plisiied. In the night of the commencement of the retreat there came up a sleety storm ; in the morning the branches of the trees were crusted over with ice. Then set in a cold, drizzling rain. The enemy pursued, and their cavalry an- noyed the rear exceedingly. The Federal cavalry, that should have protected the retreat, wore demoralized and fled, mixing in witli the infantry along tlie column. Gene- ral Crawford, ambitious for the post of lionor, had the rear division, and the Second brigade was perpetually pestered by sudden eruptions of the enemy's cavalry from by-paths or openings in the woods. They were easily driven ofl", but kept the men in a state of irritation and alarm. Whenever there was a good defensive position the army halted and awaited attack from the enemy ; but the enemy was-wary, and was not to be induced to attack when the advantage of position was in our favor; they contented them- selves by throwing a few shells after us, which did us no harm. In the evening of the second day of the retreat, weary from a long and toilsome march through deep mud, and drenched by a cold, drizzling rain, the men were in- spirited by an opportunity to get even with the enemy's cavalry, which had been annoying and pestering the rear throughout the day. A trap was set for them. General Wheelock's brigade had the rear. Passing a ravine and through a deep cut in the hill opposite, which the rains had washed out, and left high banks on each side of the road, overgrown with dense thicket, the general arranged his plan. Placing a regiment on each side, on the brows of the cut, he instructed them that when the enemy were in the cut, to close in upon them and capture them without firing upon them if they could. After arranging the men out of sight of the enemy, he in- structed the pioneers to pretend to be busy in tearing up the bridge across the stream, and when the enemy came in sight to retreat hastily through the cut, and entice them into the trap. The enemy's cavalry came and made a dash at the pioneers, who hastily retreated. When the enemy's cavalry da.shed into the cut, both regiments rose up and poured a volley into them, killed and wounded many of them, and captured the remainder. The men could not be restrained from firing, they were so much incensed and irritated by the annoyance they had sufi"ered all that day. In their cagerne.ss, some of them overshot the mark, and wounded two or three of their own men on the opposite banks, by their own fire. The enemy pursued no farther. The next day the corps recrossed the Nottoway river and encamped on the north bank of the stream, in the woods; the weather had become very cold and the wind blew a gale ; the wood was saturated by recent rains, and there the men remained through the night, shivering over the smoky, smouldering fires. The next day the cold increased in severity. The men were exhausted by previous hardships and benumbed with cold. Many a poor soldier had fallen by the way and had to be urged on by the provost guard, occasicnally at the point of the bayonet, to prevent his falling behind and being captured by the enemy. At the Nottoway, going down, the corps had cut loose from all communications. On its return it met a friendly force sent down to meet it, but there was no occasion, as the corps had got safely back. It had accomplished its object with a slight lo.ss ; but its hardships were great, — more from the inclement weather than from the encounters with the enemy. On the way down rights of property of the inhabitants were scrupu- lously respected. On the way back, every house, barn, church, and corn-crib was burned. The retreat of the army could be traced for miles by the smoke rising from the burning buildings. Families of helpless women and children were turned out in the cold at the commencement of winter. The able-bodied male popu- lation was all in the rebel army. The writer went into a house that seemed to he deserted at first by its inmates. It was filled with Union soldiers, who were ransacking the house. The brave General Wheelock was there, endeavoring to restrain them, but without much avail. Passing into a back room, there was found a poor woiiuui with four or five small children cowering around her, cling- 104 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. ing to her skirts ; slic with mute appeal looked imploringly for protection. The soldiers were driven out of the house, but upon lonkiiig back after the march was resiimed, the flames were seen bursting out of the house. The occa.n- eral Ix^e collected the remnants of his army, and in llie night of the 2d evacuated Itiehmond, burning the bridges behind him, and blowing up the magazines on the whole line of his defenses. Anarchy and destruction ran riot during the evaenalion and the final breaking up of the Confedeniey. The business part of Uiehniond, consisting of magnificent warehouses, was laid in ashes. The Con- fi'derale archives were partly burned and partly scattered about the streets. The inhabilanls were kept in a constant slate of consternation and alarm, fearing alike the uncon- trolled liccn.se of their own rabble and the entrance of the Federal army. Many of them gathered np hastily what they could of their vahiablcs. and fled with their n'trealing army. It was to them like the breaking of doom. Bv the time that General Lt-e had arrived at Amelia Court- Ilonse, on the Danville railroad. General Sheridan's cavalry and the F^ifth cor|>s werc^ across his trick, inlerei'pling fur- ther retreat, at Jetersville, about four miles in his front. General Sheridan expected an attack from the desperate enemy In-fore the rvmainder of the Federal aniiv could come up in their rear. His sctiuts, dressed in rebel uni- form, were scouring the whole country, misleading their baggage-trains, which were endeavoring to get off on by- roads. Some of them were led into our lines by the.se pre- tended friends and captured ; others were pounced upon by Sheridan's cavalry, which seemed to them omnipresent, and burned, (►ne train, two or thri-e miles distant, was sur- prised by the Twenty-fourth Regiment New York Cavalry, with some other cavalry troops, and was pillaged and burned. The rebel cavalry, under General Lee, came upon thein, and a desperate fight ensueil, in which Lieutenant-Cfilonel Richards, of Pari.sh, was killed. The smoke arising from the burning train, and the explosions from the powder- and ordnance-wagons, could be distinctly s<"en at Jetersville. General Sheridan n-inained at Jetersville, awaiting attack, until the remainder of the Union army began to press General IjCc in the rear. April 0, General I^ee com- menced his retreat towards Lynchburg. Then a hot pur- suit commenced. The Fifth corps, under the command of General Grifl[in. pursued on the right flank, its column keeiiing ]iace with the fleeing rebel army. The Second corps pursued in the immediate rear, and crowded so closely u]ion the enemy's heels that he was forced at times to deploy the rear-guard into line of battle to keep it back. In the mean time the flanking columns made it necessary for them to keep moving on to prevent being wholly sur- rounded, and having their retreat cut off. General Gor- don's division was nearly all destroyed or captured. A])nl 6 the enemy, with its shattered forces, succeeded in crossing High bridge, and partially destroyed it. Genend Ewell's corps made a stand across Sailor's creek, near I'armvillc. The enemy occupied a strong position, protected in front b3- a swale and the creek. In attacking this position, two or three l'enn.sylvania regiments, endeavoring to cross the swale, were nearly annihilated. At length General Custer's cavalry gained a position in the enemy's rear. In a mag- nificent charge, it came sweeping down upon them, and captured neaily the whole corps, with General Ewell. This is commonly called the battle of Farmville. Our los.ses were very great, principally confined to the Pennsylvania regiments. The [lursuit conlinued through the Slh, and until the morning of ihe Olh. when the Fifth corps, alter marching continuously through the Sth, and in the night, till two A.M. of the "Jth, cut off further retreat of the enemy at .\pponiallox Courl-House. F^arly in the morn- ing of the !lth luavy firing was heard in our front. The Fifth corps immediately got under arms and advanced. It soon came u]>on the enemy driving the cavalry before them ; a brief fight ensued, and a ivbil brigade was cut off and captured. It was the last efi'ort of General Lee's army to escape. It was completely hemmed in on three sides by HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOllK. 107 our forces ; on the other side was an iiiipcnetrablc swamp. As the Fifth corps advanced to a high ridge, the whole rebel army came into view, exposing tlieir weak position. Tiicy were encamped across a valley on the side of the opposite ridge. Overtures for surrender had already been made, and a conference of the opposing generals was in progress. There was a truce to all further fighting. The elation of the army can better be imagined than described. All the toils and the dangers of the weary and famished soldiers were over. The demonstration of their joy was ex- pressed in one hearty and prolongedeheer, extending through- out the lines, and then subsided into perfect stillness. They respected the bravery of the fallen foe, who had met them in many a terrible battle-field, and now lay helpless at their feet. There was not the disposition to gibe and jeer them which was common after their discomfitures in other en- gagements on the pursuit. The enemy wore cowed and humiliated, and showed none of the arrogance universal with them before in any of their misfortunes. Their spirit was completely broken. The hardships of the pursuit had baen terribly severe upon our men. They had to follow in the wake of the re- treating enemy, over roads trampled into a thick mud of the consistence of a mortar-bed. The roads wore lined with dead mules, given out on the way, festering in the hot sun, giving out a stench that was intolerable. The supj)ly-trains were far in the rear, and during days the famished soldiers would pick up the corn left by the feeding mules to stay their famished stomachs. Nothing but the elation of vic- tory, and a sure prospect of destroying or capturing the rebel army, could have kept them up on the pursuit. There was much less straggling than usual in our rear in this pur- suit. In the evening of the 8th, General Sheridan, in the advance of the enemy, captured a rebel supply-train of pro- visions coming from Lynchburg for the relief of the rebel army. This was like manna sent from heaven to our faiu- islied soldiers, and starvation or surrender to the starving rebels. It was the last straw that broke the camel's back. One great feature in this campaign, and which greatly contributed to its final success, was the daring and ubicjuity of General Sheridan's scouts. They were dressed in the rebel uniform, with long Shanghai gray coats. They presented a unique appear- ance. They were constantly coming and going through the lines, and sometimes ran great risk of being shot by our pickets as rebels. They were gay, bold riders, and de- lighted in their duties. There was a spice of adventure in that sal)ney's Mills; and Cajitain Wybourn, W'ho lost a leg at the same place. The regiment was then mustered out of the United States service, June 7, 1865, and started on its way for the north a day or two after. At Baltimore it was assigned two or three box-cars, fitted up with seats con- structed out of rough boards loosely put together, affording insulTieient room and no possibility of reclining for sleep in the night, on their long journey home. The ears were ex- cessively dirty, having been used formerly for a misecllaneous kind of trans])(irtation. The men became indignant at their treatment by the railroad company, which was receiving sufli- cient compensntion from the government to afford them fii-st- class passage. They were to go by Hairisburg aneeeinlxT 1, 1801, Salisbury, North Carolina; John Miller, date unknown ; John llijiby, December 10, 1804 ; Garrett S. Ayres, date unknown. Comi>any II, Sanford Alsavor, died in Florence, South Carolina; John Granger, July 10, 1804, at Andcrsonville, Georgia; Isaac Ga.slin, Kiehmond, Virginia; David II. Johnson, Decemlier 2!t, 1804, after exchanged, at Annap- olis ; Thomas Wright, May 28, 1804; Samuel "iJowen, July 20, 1804, Andersonville, Georgia; Wesley Brock, September 18, 18C4; James A. Castle, June 10, 1804 ; Noah L. Myers, August 7, 1804; James Spoor, July 18, 1804. Company I, John Dooley, after exchanged, at Annapolis; Griggs Ilolbrook, August 22, 1804 ; Joseph Lemoreux, August 21, 18i;4; Elijah Chappel, October 12, 1804, at Andei-sonville; John H. Loach, September 11, 1804. Company K, Silas B. Taylor, Se|)tcmber 29, 18C.4, An- dei-sonville, Georgia ; Jabcz K. Sjiaiilding, Company E, date unknown ; Chas. Jennings, date unknown. CHAPTER XXVI. OS-WEGO IN THE KEBELLION. The One Hundred and Eiglity-fourth RegimeDt. The One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment w.is aulliiirized by Governor Seymour, upon the personal appli- cation ol' Hon. Elias Root, of Oswego. W. G. Robinson and William I. Preston immediately thereafter held a series of war-meetings throughout the county, a.*isisted by D. G. Fort, Cheney Amos, A. B. Getty, Henry Fitzhiigh, and A. Van Dyck. Though Oswego had sent thousands of her brave sons to the front, and the home ranks were sadly thinned, the patriotic fire was again kiiiilled, and roeniiting for tile lit'lli Oswego regiment was rapidly jiuslied forward. There were over fourteen liundrcd men recruited for the regiment from this county, and two hundred from Madi.son and (,'ayuga counties. It was mustered into the service during the months of August and September, 1864. The following were the regimental and line officere : ('oloiiel, Wardwell G. Robinson ; liientenant-Colonel, Wm. P. McKinlcy ; Major, W. D. Fuigeson ; Adjutant, Howard M. Smith ; Quartermaster, John Dunn, Jr. ; Sur- geon, Tobiiis J. Green ; Assistant Surgeon, T. Y. Kinnie ; Chaplain, Jacob Post. Liitf Officers. — Company A, Captain, Joel S. Palmer; First Lieutenant, C. P. Strong; Second Lieutenant, JI. L. Hraiicli. Conifiaiiy B, ('a|.taiii, W. S. .Mor.se ; Fiivt Lieutenant, J. N. Root; Second Lieutenant, C. H. Pavey. ComiHiny C, Captiiin, J. W. Parkliurst ; First Lieu- tenant, George A. Leonard; Second Lieutenant, Daniel Bothweil. Company I), Captain, S. R. Town ; FiiTt Lieutenant, Augustus Philipps; Second Lieutenant, Joel II. Warn. Company E, Captain, John Sheridan ; First Lieutenant, J. M. Francis; Swond Lieutenant, J. H. Looinis. Company F, Captain, Wm. Dickinson ; First Lieutenant, I. W. I>arrow ; Second Lieutenant, S. H. Brown. Company G, Captain. J. T. Outerson ; First Lieutenant, J. H. Grant; Second Lieutenant, T. W. Smith. Company H, Captain, H. W. Ramsey ; First Lieutenant, G. W. Woodin; Second Lieutenant, T. M. Watkins. Company I, Captain, (ieorgc Wetmore; First Lieutenant, E. F. Morris; Second Lieutenant, John H. (jilnian. Company K, Captain, S. Scriber; First Lieutenant, M. G. McCoon ; Second Lieutenant, Jerome H. Coe. The regiment left Elmira for the front in September, 1804. They arrived at Washington, embarked for City Point, and subser|ueiitly went into ciimp about two miles di.staiit from Bermuda Hundred. September 27, orders were received to move to Wilson's landing, known as Fort Pocahontas. The regiment enibiirked aboard the " Thomas Pcjwell," and at four o'clock V.M. arrived at the fort. On the following day one hundred and twelve men were detached for picket duty, and two companies sent to Harrison's Landing. SeptenilxT 29, the regiment embarked for Harrison's I.ijindiiig. Here they found comfortable quarters within sight of City Point, and Colonel Robinson, being the ranking officer, became post commandant. November 8, Rev. Jacob Po.st was selected as cliaplain. Tlie regiment remained here during the term of service, and although not participating in any .severe conflicts, they performed the duties assigned them faith- fully. To place before the reader a history of the entire regi- ment, it will be neces-sary to follow the four companies, A, B, D, and F, as these companies were forwarded from Elmira before the remainder of tlie ri^gimeut, and rejoined it only a .short time previously to its discharge. The four companies mentioned above, under command of Major Furgeson, left Elmira September 14, 1804, and .soon after arrived in Washington, where they remained until September 215, when they took up the line of march for Winchester, Virginia. At Harper's Ferry they halted four days, and left for Ilarrisburg as a guard for a provision train. They joined the army of General Sheridan, and were with him during the celebrated raid through the Shen- andoah valley. In three days they marched one hundred and four miles on the track of the rebel General Earl}', burning and destroying property. During this long and tedious march they daily exchanged shots with Mosby's guerrillas, and at Fi.shcr's Hill the army participated in a, sharp cng-agemcnt. They subsequently were ordered to JIartinsliurg. Here they remained two days, and were again ordered up the valle}', and encamped at Cedar creek. F.arly on the morning of the 19th of October, 1804, while a greater portion of the men were sleeping, an orderly dashed into camp with orchis from (ieneial Wright, the corps commander, to fall into line of battle immediately. With 1 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOllK. Ill ail alacrity truly commendable, tliey struck tciits and ad- vanced, when they were immediately attacked by the enemy, and the nieniorablo battle uf Cedar Creek commenced. The battle raged until night put an end to the contest. It was a severe engagement, and thrice were they driven from their ground, and as often regained it. At the close of the conflict they encamped on the ground that they had left in the morning, but not all of those brave men who responded so promptly to the call returned to the old camp. Si.\teen sealed their devotion to their country with their life's blood, Lieutenant Philipps among the number. In addition to the killed, there were forty wounded. General Early was defeated, and the Union forces captured five thousand prisoners, sixty-two pieces of artillery, besides a large quan- tity of small arms. In tliis engagement the cavalry was under the command of the lamented Custer. This was the first engagement in which the.se companies wore under fire, but they behaved like veterans, and won many encomiums of praise for their prompt action and bravery. Througli the inexcusable fault of some one, no tents were issued to these companies until the battle of Cedar Creek. Adjutant- General Andrew J. Smith, of General Seymour's staff, presented the ofiieers with a wagon-cover, and this was the only tent in the command. They subsequently were ordered to Winchester, wliere a long line of works was thrown up, called " Camp Russell." Hisre the companies remained about four weeks, when they returned to Harrisons Landing, and joined the remainder of the regiment. The entire command remained here several months, and, in addition to their other duties, bestowed much labor upon their camp, in beautifying and rendering it comfortable. It was said to be one of the finest in the army. While at the Landing, Colonel Robinson was post connuaudant, and Major Furgeson acting provost-marshal and post inspector. June 30, 1865, Colonel Robinson re- ceived orders from MajorGeneral HartsuflF directing that the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth be marched out of the breastworks preparatory to embarkation. The order was promptly obeyed, and the embarkation commenced. Com- panies A, B, D, I, and F, under command of Major Fur- geson, shipped aboard the steamer " North Point," and the remainder of the regiment on the " Robert Morris." July 1, tlie entire command reached Baltimore, and after march- ing to the " Soldiers' Rjst," where dinner was served, they took the cars for Elmira, New York, where they arrived at four o'clock ou the following day. The regiment subsequently went to Syracuse, where they were paid oft' and mustered out. CHAPTER XXVIL OSAVEGO IN THE REBELLION. The Twelfth Ucgiiuent of Cavalry : "Tliinl Ira Harris Guard"— First Rogimcut liight Artillery. TllK Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, otherwise known as the '■ Tiiird Ira Harris Guard," was organized at New York city to serve three years. The companies of which it was composed were raised in the counties of New York, Colum- bia, Albany, Rensselaer, Clinton, Franklin, Oswego, Onon- daga, and Erie. It was mustered into the United States service from November 10, 18G2, to September 25, 1863. Two companies were raised in this county, and were com- manded by Captains Cyrus and Simeon Church. After the formation of the regiment they encamped at Camp Wash- ington, on Stateu Island, where they remained until March, 1863. The colonel, James W. Savage, was on General Fremont's staff", and when the latter was relieved he came to New York and was tendered the command of the regi- ment. He served during the entire term of service, and at the close of the war emigrated to the far west, and is now a member of the judiciary of Omaha. March 8, 1863, the regiment broke camp and embarked for Newbern, North Carolina, and remained there during the war. While stationed here the regiment participated in a series of raids into the enemy's country, the most important one being the advance on Tarboro', which was made by eight hundred men for the purpose of destroying a rebel gun- boat, stores, etc., at that place. They destroyed the Wel- don railroad, and on approaching Tarboro' found the enemy in force, and immediately charged them with portions of the Oswego companies, A and B. It was a sharp contest, and Captain Cyrus Church, while gallantly leading the charge at the head of his company, was instantly killed, eleven bullets entering his body. Lieutenant Hubbard was wounded and taken prisoner, and was subsequeutly killed, in March, 1865, in the advance on Goldsborough. Ephraim Mosier, second lieutenant of Company A, was taken prisoner, and died at Charleston. In this charge the two companies lust twenty men. A detachment of this regiment was sent to Plymouth and also one to Little Washington. The Plymouth detach- ment performed general scouting duty, and was in the bat- tle of Plymouth, fought April 20. 1864, when the Federal forces were defeated by the Confederate General Hooke, and the two companies of this regiment composing the de- tachment were taken prisoner. In this contest Capttiin A. Cooper was in command, and was among the number cap- tured. Eighty-five men were sent as prisoners of war to Andersonvillo, and nearly all perished in that hellish pen lorded over by the notorious Wirz, who was subsetjuently executed. The detachment sent to Little Washington also did scouting duty, and were very instrumental in breaking up and routing the rebel General Mosby's celebrated gang of guerrillas. The Twelfth performed substantial service for the go\-ernment, and no portion of the regiment did better service during their two years of life on the tented field than the Oswego companies. The prison-pen and the bullet left their impress upon these companies, as many who went out never returned. They battled nobly for their country, and it is an honor to say, " I belonged to the Twelfth Cavalry." The regiment was mustered out iu July, 1865. FIRST REGIMENT LIGHT ARTILLERY. This regiment was organized at Elmira, New York, to serve three years. The companies of which it was composed were raised in the counties of Oswego, Oneida, Onondaga, 11: HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOHK. Cheimiii;^, Stt'ubcn, Monroe, W:i_viip, Eric, Niauara, Jeffer- Boii, St. Jjiiwrciice, IjCWIs, and Herkimer. It was uiustcred into the United Stales scn'ice from Aujrust 30 to Noveiu- bor 11), 1861. The Fuurleenlli New Yc.rk Iiideiiciideiit Batter^' was a»ut November 1 moved to Washington. Tlie regiment arrived there in the night-time, and took sujijjer in u building bearing the pleasant-.sounding title of the " Sol- diers' Retreat," and after partaking of a meal consisting of jxK)r coffee, dry bi\;ad, and poor b,;ef tongue, they niarelied to a large building called the " Soldiers' Rest," where the members of tbLs regiment passed their first night on south- ern soil. They went into canijiliere. where they pas.^ed the time in drilling, etc., until March 1, 18G2, when niarcliitig orders were received, and on the following day tents were struck and the batteries embarked on board ste;imers, and they were soon steaming down the Potomac. At four o'clock they disembarked, and commenced their march to camp. While on this .slow and tedious tramp they received their fii-st taste of the unpleas;inlne,ss of war, being harassed continually by the shells from the enemy's batteries. March 5, the first gun wils fired by this regiment in de- fense of her country's riglits. They stationed a battery at Budd's ferry, opposite the rebel batteries, and immediately opened fire. They resjionded with three batteries, and the shells and solid shot dropped around them like hail. This firing soon ceased without loss to the regiment. April 5, they marched to Liverpool Point, Maryland, and embarked for Chesapeake bay, where they arrived April 9. Camped liero until May, when niareliiiig orders were received. At six o'clock a.m. on the following day, after having marclied during the whole night, with no sup- per and through a country rendered almost impaasable by the recent rains, orders were received to move immediately to the front, and without breakfa.st they continued their march through mud knee-deep. While moving a.s rapidly as po.ssible one of General Hooker's aids dashed along and gave the order to hurry to the front, as the infantry Wiis in pjsition anl the general was only awaiting the arrival of the batteries to open the engagement. At nine o'clock the butteries an'ived, and while forming the enemy opened fire, and several men were wounded, among them Lieutenant C. P. Aiken, who was struck in the breast with a shell, and Lieutenant H. V. Pike, who had a leg shot off. JIajor Wainwright attempted to rally his men, who had become panic-stricken at this su, which w;us awaiting orders, and asked '• if a volunteer company would volunteer to work the guns of a regular battery.' The battery re- sponded promptly to the call, and nobly did they do their work. They manned the regular battery, and thin, to- getlier with Captain Branchall's that came up soon after, Were the only batteries in this division outside of the woods in fnint of the enemy's works. Here remained these gal- lant batteries, supjiorted by Himkcr's infantry, firing and silencing the rebel artillery, until four P.Jl.. when tlie di- vision, having fought during the whole day without rcin- forecnients or relief was forced back by the enemy, who had been heavily reinforced. Though pouring in a deadly fire of shot, which swept the ground and left the rcl>el dead thick upon the field, they were being driven steadily back. At five o'clock the lamented Kearney and his gallant divi- sion came to their relief, and, driving the enemy back, re- gained the ground from which the batteries had been forced, after a severe contest of eight Imurs with a force largely .superior in numbers, and in strata or layers, usually somewhat inclined upward, which come to the surface one above the other, or, in different language, each of which crops out from under the other. Throughout the State of New Voik HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 117 these strata incline upward to tlie north, consequently the lowest stratum which comes to the surface in each county crops out in its northern portion. In Oswego County the lowest stratum is the " Lorraine shales" or upper portion of the Utica slate, which last is the uppermost stratum of what is called by geologists the " lower Silurian" system. The Lorraine shales crop out in the extreme north part of the county, near the lake. Next above this, and therefore coming out south of it, is the gray sandstone, belonging to the middle Silurian system, which extends from the northeast corner of the county to a point near its centre, and thence runs westward along the lake; the line between it and the next stratum south crossing the Oswego river about a mile from its mouth. This gray sandstone is very compact, and firmly resists the action of the elements. It has been quarried for grindstones in the town of Orwell, near Salmon river. Next to this comes the Medina or red sandstone, also a part of the middle Silurian system. Its northern boundary is the same as the southern limit of the gray sandstone, and runs northeast from the centre of the county to its north- eastern corner. It extends southward, occupying more than a third of the area of the county. It shows itself freely on the banks of the streams, and is largely quarried for building purposes. The southernmost and uppermost of the Oswego County strata is what is known by geologists as the Clinton group (likewise belonging to the middle Silurian system), which occupies the entire border next to Oneida lake and river. It consists of parallel layers of shale and of red and gray sandstone. Iron ore is found in it, but in small quantities. Peat and marl are abundant. Over all these rocky strata large amounts of soil, inter- mingled with loose rocks, have accumulated, the whole forming what geologists term " drift." The underlying rocks are rarely seen by the ordinary observer except on the banks of streams. After this brief inspection of the foundation-walls of Oswego County, we will give one more glance at its outward appearance, — an appearance most encouraging to the lover of progress and civilization. The Indian trails over which Champlain and Le Moine, Garangula and De la Barre, Sir William Johnson and Philip Schuyler, passed to and fro on their various missions of war, religion, and traflBc, are now changed into the tracks over which the iron horse screams and thunders in his seemingly savage wrath. The forests have become groves, orchards, and fields. The wigwams have expanded into country farm- houses and city mansions. The place of the stump, hollowed on top into a mortar in which to pound corn, is taken by a score of mills capable of turning out over two million barrels of flour per year. What is far more important, churches are now seen by the score, and school-houses by the hundred, in the territory which loss than a century ago was devoted to barbaric ig- norance and pagan sacrifices. The wolf or the bear which strays into our county from the depths of the Adirondack forests is very liable to be trapped by a minister or shot by a school-master, — a fact which is perhaps no consolation to the animal in question. In short, in loss than a hundred years Oswego County has been transformed from the home of barbarism to that of the highest civilization ; a change which it has shared with the greater portion of our country, but which is none the less the cause of perennial wonder to those who meditate upon it. Having now given a resume of the general course of events from 1615 to 1877, we will subjoin sketches of various organizations, buildings, etc., which pertain to the county at large, but which could not well be incorporated into the continuous narrative. CHAPTER XXX L THE PRESS OP OS'WEGO COUNTY. The American Farmer — The Oswego Gazette — The Oswego Palla- dium — The Oswego Palladium and Republican Chronicle — The Palladium Again : How it Looked of Old : Its Subsequent Changes ; The Palladium Printing Company; The Palladium of To-Day — ■ The Oswego Kepublican — The Oswego Gazette and Advertiser — Br. Burdell — Major Cochran — The Oswego Democratic Gazette — The National Republican — The Oswego Free Press — The Oswego Democrat — The Oswego Observer — Equal Rights — The Oswego Patriot — The Commercial Herald — The O.swego County Whig — The Oswego Daily Advertiser — The Oswego Commercial Times — The Oswego Times and Journal — The Oswego Times; Various Changes; The Advertiser and Times ; The Advertiser ; The Times again ; The Oswego Publishing Company ; The Times of To-Day — The Oswego Commercial Advertiser — The Oswego Press — The People's Journal — The Daily News — The Northern New Yorker — The Pulaski Banner — The Pulaski Advocate — The Advocate and Aurora— The Port Ontario Aurora — The Pulaski Courier — The Richland Courier — The Northern Democrat — The Pulaski Demo- crat — The Fulton Chronicle — Ben Franklin — The Weekly Dis- patch—The Fulton Sun— The Fulton Mirror— The Fulton Patriot —The Fulton Patriot and Gazette— The Phoenix Gazette— The Oswego County Gazette — The Fulton Times — The Phoeni.K Demo- crat — The American Banner and Oswego County Times — The American Banner and Literary Gem — The Phoenix Reporter — The Phcenix Register — The Oswego County Democrat — The Messenger — The Mexico Independent — The Deaf Mutes' Journal — The Han- nibal Reveille — The Hannibal News — The Sandy Creek News — The Lakeside News — The Lakeside Press— The Parish Mirror — The Central Square News. The press is so widely recognized as one of the most important agencies of modern civilization that in so full a work as this it naturally requires a special chapter devoted to its history. " French's Gazetteer" asserts that the first newspaper in the county was the American Farmer, published at Os- wego before 1807. We have, however, been able to learn nothing of such a sheet from the oldest inhabitants, and, as there was no post-office at Oswego until 1806, and it was then a mere hamlet of between one and two hundred inhabitants, it is extremely doubtful if there was a news- paper published there at that time. The first paper of which anything is definitely known was the Os«;c5rci(?((2;e^/c,asiHall weekly, started at Oswego in 1817, by S. A. Abbey & Bro., and by them transferred to Augus- tus Buckingham. It w;is discontinued in 1819, but the material was purchased by John H. Lord and Dorcphus Abbey, who began in that year to publish what is now by 118 IllSTOUY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YUllK. far the oldest paper in the county, the Weekly Otwego I'allmUum. This was at the period when the old Republican party, already more commonly culled Democratic, had overcome all opposition, and was beginning to sjilit into factions by its own weight. The Palladium affiliated with the " Buck- tail," or Aiiti-Clintonian faction. Mr. Lord afterwards be- aime the sole proprietor, and continued the publication until 1830, supporting the administration of Monroe and Jackson, and opposing that of John Quincy Adams. Mr. John Carpenter then became a part owner with Mr. Lord, and, after a few months, became sole proprietor. When Mr. Carpenter first entered the office the name of li' publican Cliruaicle was subjoined to the former tiilc, and for about a year and a half the paper carried the some- what Ujp-heavy appellation of Tlie Osweyo I'lilludiiim and Ri:publican Chronicle. The latter title was then dropped, and the journal in (piestion has ever since been known only as The Oswego Palladium. By this time parties had been organized ; the supporters of Jack.^ion falling heirs to the old name of Doniocrat.s, while the opposition was composed of "anti-Masons" and " National Kepublicans," but was soon after consolidated under the name of " Whigs." The Palladium from the fii-sl allied itself with the Democratic party, and has ever since remained its stanch supporter, except for a brief period in and after 1848. Mr. Carpenter, who .still resides on a farm near Oswego, has a file of the PallaiUum, while under his management, which he has pcrmitt^'d us to examine. It was a good- sized sheet of si.v columns, with the dark look noticeable in all old papers, and still observable in English, and, to some extent, in Canadian journals, — a look indicative of much ink, many " block-letters, ' and closely-printed adver- tisements. In 1845, 3Ir. Carpenter sold out to Mr. Bcman Brock- way, with whom Mr. C. S. Sumner was associated for about a year. In 1848 the Palladium supported Van Buren and Adams, and upheld the " Free Democratic," or, as it was commonly called, " Free Soil" party, until it was re-absorbed in the Democracy. In 1S5U, Mr. Brockway started the Daily Palladium, which has been issued in connection with the weekly ever since. The next year Mr. Brockway transferred a .share in the paper to Lloyd Mills, and for a short time it was issued by Brockway & Mills. Mr. Brockway soon disposed of his interest to Jo.sej)h C. Hatch, and the firm became Mills & Hatch. In 1851}, Dudley Farling became the jiro- prietor, selling out to T. P. Ottoway in 1854. The liistnamed gentleman retained the control nine years, publishing a stiff Democratic pajier during the rapid growth of the Kepubliciin party, and the early years of the war. In 18G3 he sold out toS. H. Parker. Mr. Parker remained as editor and i)roprietor until 18GG. From that time until 187>/ the Palladium was published by C. Morrison & Co., and edited by John A. Barry. In the last-named year a stock company was formed, culled the " Palladium Printing CiiMi]iaiiy," by which the journal in quc-tion has ever since been published, Mr. Barry remaining the editor. G. A. Dayton has been president of the company since the for- mation ; G. P. Briggs was secretary and treasurer during 1870 ; Dudley Farling during 1871 and 1872, and Simcxin Holroyd since that time. I The Daily Palladium is now a handsome twenty-four- column sheet, a member of the New York State Associated Press, issued about four o'clock each afternoon, under the editorial management of John A. Barry, editor-in-chief; B. E. Wells, local editor ; and Siiucon llolroj'd, business manager. The Weekly PalUulium is a large paper of thirty- two columns, under the same proprietary and editorial control. In March, 1825, Mr. William W. Abbey established another weekly newspaper at Oswego, called The Oswego liepidjlican, to champion the newly-inaugurated adminLs- tration of John Quincy Adams against the op|K>sition of the Palladium. In 1827 it was sold to Samuel O.sgood, who changed its name U) The Oswego Gazette and Adix'i- tiser. The next year it was transferred to William C. Shopc, who dropped its first name. In 1828 or 1829 the Adm-r- tiser Wiis purchased by Dr. Burdell, whose mysterious murder, twenty-six years later, at the residence of Mrs. Cunningham, in New York city, caused such intense and wide-spread excitement. Dr. Burdell changed the name of the Advertiser to The Freeman's Herald, and issui.Ml it about a year, when he, too, gave up the unprofitable effort. About the same time, and probably on the same material. Major James Cochrane, a son-in-law of General Philip Schuyler, started the Oswego Democratic Gazette as a National Republican opponent of Juckson's adminis- tration, it being publi.slied for him by Burdell, but it lasted only a short time. In 1832 it wiis resuscitated by Mr. John Quincy Adams as The National Republican, and advocated the principles of the party whose name it bore for another year, when it finally ceased to exist. Meanwhile the feeling against Ma.sonry had reached its climax, and in 1830, Richard Oliphant established The Oswego Free Press, and jiubli.-^hcd it for years as an anti- Masonic organ. In 1834, anti-Masonr}- having ceased to exist as a separate political organization, the Free Press wsui transferred to George G. Foster, who gave it the name of I'lte Oswego Democrat. But the Palladium was too firmly fixed in the hearts of the Democracy to be dislodged even by a journal bearing their/avorite name, and the next year the Drmorrat gave up the ghost. Equally unfortunate was The Oswego Observer, a weekly begun by Bailey & Hawks in February, 1835, and dis- continued in the latter part of 183G. A jtaper called Eiiual Rights was issued at Oswego for u short time about 1837. It was printed by Richurd Oli- phant for unknown publi.shors. The excitement cau.sed in Oswego County and vicinity by the celebrated " Patriot War" was so great that a newspajjcr, culled The Oswego Patriot, in sj-mpathy with the insur- gents, was published from the J'alladium office during the autumn and winter of 1838 and 1839. It was, so far as we know, the only recognized organ of the revolt, though the American frontier press very generally sym])athizcd with it. When the Canadian patriots were all dispersed, transported, or hung, the Oswego Patriot Wiis also sus- pended. Brief as was its existence, it had two editors °, HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 119 the first being Mr. John Bonner, and the other a young lawyer, since quite well known to fame aa General John Cochrane, of New York city. In 1837, too, The Commercial Herald, devoted espe- cially to the commerce of the lake and canal, was established at Oswego by Hull & Henry, and issued weekly until 1843. In 1838, 'when the Whig party was rapidly growing in popular favor. The Oswego Comxiij Whig was founded at Oswego by Richard Olijjhant, who published it until 1844, and then sold it to Daniel Aycr. The next year Mr. Ayer issued from the same office the Oswego Daily Advertiser, the first daily jiaper in the county. In 1847, C. D. Brigham became proprietor. He changed the name of the weekly to The Oswego Commercial Times, and of the daily to The Ostcego Daily Commercial Times, but without relinquishing the Whig principles of his predecessors. Mr. Brigham sold out in 1848 to James N. Brown, who continued the publication under the names last mentioned until 1854, when the paper was transferred to Winchester & Ferguson. These gentlemen also published the Weeh-ly and Daily Journal, and united it with the Times, publish- ing the weekly issue as The Weekly Times and Journal, and the daily as The Ostcego Times and Journal. On the organization of the Republican party, in 1855, the paper adopted its principles, of which it has ever since been a faithful supporter. In 1857 the "Journal" part of its name was dropped, and the weekly and daily issues became respectively The Oswego Times and The Oswego Daily Times. From Winchester and Ferguson the Times went to N. M. Roe and W. B. Buckhout, and from them to Jonathan Tarbell, who edited and publi.shed it in 1859 and 1860. In the beginning of the war Mr. Tarbell sold out to James N. Brown, and entered the army, becoming afterwards a brigadier-general of volunteers and a judge of the supreme court of Mississippi. Mr. Brown, having for the second time taken the helm, retained it until 1865. The Times was then sold to T. S. Brigham and J. A. Place, proprietors of the Oswego Commercial Advertiser, the consolidated paper being issued for a year as The Adver- tiser and Times. The name " Times" was then dropped, the weekly edition becoming The Oswego Weekly Adver- tiser, and the daily The Oswego Commercial Advertiser. In 1873 the Ostcego Press was united with the Advertiser ; the proprietorship of the consolidated journal was vested in a stock company, called the " Oswego Publishing Com- pany." The names JWss and Advertiser wore both dropped and the old one of Times was adopted, under which title the paper has since been published. About two years since, the weekly Times was enlarged to an eight-page paper of forty-eight columns, in which form it is still published. Tlie daily is a four-page sheet of twenty-eight columns. The president of the company is Benjamin Doolittle ; the secretary and treasurer, John A. Place ; the business manager, Frederick Thompson. The editorial staff consists of John A. Place, editor-in- chief; Frederick A. Dixon, local editor ; and Henry C. Stillman, commercial editor. The Ostcego Commercial Advertiser, daily and weekly, was established in February, 1864, by T. S. Biigliani and J. A. Place, Mr. Place being the editor. The Times was consolidated with it early in 1865, as before stated, and the Advertiser continued under the same management and title until its transformation into the present Times, as just nan-ated. The Ostcego Press, daily and weekly, was founded by a stock company in 1870, and maintained a separate existence until 1873, when it was consolidated with the Advertiser to form the Times. The People's Journal, weekly, was established at Oswego in March, 1849, by O'Leary & Dean. The next year it was sold to L. A. Winchester. In 1851 it passed into the hands of Sumner & Poucher, who started the Ostcego Daily Hetcs in connection with it. The next year L. A. Win- chester again bought it, and changed the name of the daily to the Ostcego Daily Journal. Two years later, 1854, the J'eople's Jotirnal and the Daily Jotirnal were united with the daily and weekly Times. The .Northern Neic Yorker was founded at Oswego in 1873, by J. H. Oliphant. It was issued only fourteen months, being discontinued in 1874. The first paper in the county outside of Oswego was The Pulaski Banner, begun in 1830, and publi.shed at Pulaski by Nathan Randall until 1832, by A. A. Matthewson & G. G. Foster until 1833, and by James Geddes until 1834, when it suspended. In 1836 the old material of the Banner was purchased by Daniel Ayer, who issued a weekly paper called The Pu- laski Advocate until 1838. It was then sold to Mr. Dick- inson, the owner of the y^ti)'/ Ontario Atirora, who removed the latter paper from Port Ontario to Pulaski, and consoli- dated it with the Advocate, under the name of The Advo- cate and Aurora. Daniel Ayer again became the owner in 1840. He discarded the second name, and published the Advocate until 1842, when it was discontinued. The Port Ontario Aurora was published at the intended- to-be great city of Port Ontario, from 1837 into 1838, first by ]Mr. Van Cleve and then by Mr. Dickinson, the latter of whom removed it to Pulaski, and merged it in the Advocate, as just stated. In 1843 The Pula.iki Courier was started in that village, on the material of the defunct Advocate, by W. Winans. In 1847 it was purchased by A. A. Matthewson, who changed its name to Ihe Richland Courier. After pub- lishing it until 1850, he sold out to Joseph C. Hatch, who thought it necessary to make another change of name. The appellation chosen this time was The Kortliern Demo- crat. In 1854 it passed into the hands of S. C. Miller, who gave it the title it still boars, — The Pulaski Democrat. L. R. Muzzy, the present editor and proprietor, took control of the Democrat in 1869, and has ever since conducted it. Notwithstanding its name, it is independent in politics. It is a thirty-two-column sheet, of good appearance, and has a large circulation in the eastern part of the county. The second paper in the county outside of Oswego was the Ftdton Chronicle, first published as a weekly in No- vember, 1837, by Thomas Johnson. In 1840 it was sold to Isaac S. Clark and Kdwin Thompson, who gave it the peculiar name of Ben Franklin. Unfortunately, however, for that style of nomenclature, the Ben Franklin, died the very next yciw. 120 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. The Weekly Dkpatch was jmlilisliej in Fulton about a year, beginning in 1840, by E. C. Hatten. The FitUon Sun was begun in 1841 by N. B. Northrop. Tlie next year it was united with the Mirror. The I'ultun Mirror Wius e.stabli.shed in August, 1842, by Daniel Ayer. luimediatcly afterwards it was united with the Snti, and the con.S()lidat«,>d paper was published weekly as Tlie Fulton Sun uml Mirror until 1S44. It was then Bold to Spencer Munroe, and soon after discontinued. The Fulton Patriot was started in 1846 by 51. C. Ilougb. He transferred it to John A. Place in 1848, and he to T. S. Brighaiu, in 1834. In 1858 the Patriot was purchiised by Hon. R. K. Sandford, who bought out the Osicego County Gazette the same year, and published the consolidated paper as The Fulton Patriot and Gazette. This is still the name borne at the head of its columns, though it is commonly called The Fulton Patriot. In ISGl Mr. Sandford dispo.sed of his paper to Rodnej' L. Adams, who sold out in 18G5 to Bennett Bros., who have been the editors and proprietors up to the time of the death of the lamented Mr. Charles T. Bennett, just previous to the issuing of this history. Having been enlarged tliree times in twelve years, the Patriot is now a thirty-two- column weekly, and a sturdy supporter of Republican principles. The Phoenix Gazette, weekly, was started at Phoenix in 1851, by Jerome Duke. He sold out to George E. Wil- liams, who in 1853 removed it to Fulton, and changed its name to The Oswego County Gazelle. Under that title it was published five yeare, when it was merged in the Pa- triot, as before stated. The Fulton Times was established in June, 18C8, by George E. and J. M. Williams. It is one of the few papers in the county which has not changed its name since it.s foundation. It is now a neat independent weekly, twenty-two by thirty-two inches ; George E. Williams being editor and proprietor, and W. E. Williams local editor. The Pha-nix Democrat was esUiblishcd at that village in 1852, by an association of citizens, who sold it in 1854 to James II. Field. In 1855 the name was changed to 7'hc J'huenix Banner, and again, the same year, changed to T/ie American Banner and Oswego County Times. This extensive apjiellation proved, as might have been ex- pected, too heavy to carry, and ere the elo.se of the year the paper expired. The next year it was revived by Mary Francos Tucker, as The American Banner and Literary Gem. It carried this patriotic, martial, refined, and brilliant designation for eight mouths, when it was sold to Levi Murrill, who re- duced its name to The American Banner. The Banner was finally furled in 1857. Tw(i months afterwards the material was used by Joshua M. Williams fur the publication of the Pha-nix Reporter. That paper soon passed into the hands of A. P. Hart, who published it until 1800. He then .sold it to M. 51. Carter, who enlarged the paper to its present size, twenty-four cohimns, and conducted it until 1870. In 1805 he changed tlie name to The Phaiii.e liiyisler. In 1H70 the Jieijisler was sold to J. M. Williams, who has conducted it till the ' present time. It is independent in polities, and devoted to the welfare of the community which h;is so long sup[>orted it. The first paper at 5Iexico was the Osirego Counly Demo- crat, ejitablished in 1337 or 1838, by Thomas Messenger. After a short time he changed the name to corrcsjiond with his own, denominating his paper The Messenger. But the times were unpropitious, and in 183'J the Messenger ceased from its journeys. The Mexico Independent was established at that village March 19, 18GI, by Humphries & Scarritt, and has re- mained ever since (over sixteen years) under the same name, at the same place, and in the hands of the same firm, or one of its members; a remarkable example of sta- bility in the changeable world of Oswego County journalism. It is a twenty-eight-column weekly, and, as its name implie.s, is independent in all respects. Henry Humphries is the sole editor and proprietor. One of the most interesting productions of journalistic enterprise in the county, or even in the State, is The Deaf Males' Journal, brought to Mexico in October, 1872. For three years it was published in connection with the Inde- pendent, several columns of that paper being occupied by the editor of the Journal. In October, 1875, it was pub- lished separatel)', as The Mexico Independent and Ditif Mutes' Journal, and in January, 1876, it reduced its title to The Deaf Mules' Journal, which it still retains. It is the recognized organ of the deaf and dumb in the State of New York, and is the only paper published for their espe- cial use in the State, except a small one established a short time ago in New York city, to teach them to print. The Deaf Mutes' Journal has a circulation of about six liun- dred. The legislature has recognized it as the organ of the class referred to, and has granted it an allowance of six bundled and fifty dollars, on condition of its being sup- plied to a certain number of the deaf mutes free of charge. Henry C. Rider is the proprietor and the resident editor ; F. L. Seliney, of Rproiiriati(»n — Otiji-ct-Tcacbipg — Prog- r*'8« — An Incri-tti^i>d Appruiiritiliun — Purcliaw.* of Buildings — Di>6cri|itioo of Jltiililin^ft — Ttie Prai'tiee Scliool — Coinplt-lv Adi'p- tion hy Ihe Siiili" — Tin* Cuuri'e of Sludv Knljir;;^rd — The ft^wi-go System — iDHlitutioni* Officered from Oswegi> — Foinln of llie Oswego SyHtein — The Objective Method of Ini«truetioD — Nnlural ^»bject^ — Nuiutern, Colorf. etc. — Mental mot Mornl 8eience — IVstabttzi — Niimlier of Seholar;* — Tlie Hegnlatioii!- — The Course of Study — The Loeal Hoard and the Faculty. This institution originated in the Oswego city training- school, liiundcd in 18Gl,of which mention will U' made in the history of the city schools. It was not until 1803 that it had any connection with the State. The legislature of that 3'ear, on the recommendation of that ardent friend of education, Hon. Victor M. Rice, of Hurt"alo. then suiierin- tcndeut of public instruction, and influenced by the great success which had attended the training-school, under the management of Miss >I. E. M. Jones and Mr. Edward A. kSheldoii, appropriated three thousand dollars a year towards its support, for the next two years, on condition that there should be fifty pupils in attendence, and that each s^-natorial district in the .State should have the privilege of sending two pupils free of charge. The school remained, however, uniier the entire control of the Oswego board of education, occujiying the buililing now used by one of the city schools, on East Fourth street, between Jlohawk and Utica. During the years 1863 and 18154 the number of scholars rapidly increased, much exceeding the minimum jirescribcd by the legislature. Mr. Sheldon continued as principal, assisted by five teachers, including '-critics " The sy.stem coiumonlv called ''object-teaching," but which Mr. Sheldon more accurately defines as " the objective method of instruc- tion," which had been previously inaugurated, and of which more will bo said farther on. was kept up and developed ; many scholars came from distant counties, and the fame of the school began to spread even In vuuil tin' liniii> of the State. This succes,s induced the legislature toincrca.'-Lil.sa|ipriipri- alioii, by an act jiassed April 4, ISliS, to six thousand dollais annually, on condition that each assembly district in the State should be entitled to send one pupil free of charge, and also that the city of Oswego should provide suitable buildings and grounds for the accommodation of the school. The institution thus provided for was also placed under the general direction of the superintendent of public instruc- tion, under whom the Oswego board of education was to exercise immediate control. These terms were accepted by the city, and in the sum- mer of 18(i5 the board of education purchased the " United States Hotel property," situated on the north side of Seneca street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, at a cost of eleven thou.sind five hundred dollars. They then enlarged and fitted uj) the buildings at an additional expense of about fourteen thousand five hundred dollars, makit)g the total cost, exclusive of furniture, twenty-six thousand dollai-s. As thus eidarged the Normal School building consists of a central structure of gray Onondaga limestone, fifty-one feet HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 123 front by fifty-four deep, three stories high ; of a frame wing on the cast side two and a half stories hi<;li, twoiity-five feet front by fifty-four deep, but jutdiiir back of the central building ; and of the frame portion on the west side, which, though called a wing, is the largest part of the whole struc- ture, lieing sixty-five feet front, ninety-nine feet deep, and two stories high. Only a few rooms on the first floor were designed for recitations by the normal pupils ; the greater part of the space was devoted to the " practice-school," and to small rooms in which the normal pupils hear recitations by the practice-school children." This practice-school was an im- portant part of the original training-school, and is still of the normal school. The children in the district in which the normal school is situated meet in the same building with it. They are taught entirel}' by the normal pupils, but under the supervision and criticism of instructors ap- pointed by the city board of education, and belonging to the regular corjjs of city teachers. The institution began work in its new building in Feb- ruary, 18GG. On the 7th of April a general normal school act was pa.ssed, providing for six new normal schools in various parts of the State, to be governed by local boards appointed by the State superintendent, removable at will by liini, and consisting of such number of persons as he may direct. By an act passed March 27, 1SG7, the building, grounds, and appurtenances of the Oswego school were accepted by the State, and it was fully admitted to the privileges and subjected to the rules of the State normal schools, as speei- .fied in the act of the previous j'ear. Tiie State superin- tendent appointed a local board of thirteen, and this ended the connection of the Oswego normal school with the pub- lic school system of the city, except what neces.sarily arises from the existence of the practice-school. Mr. Sheldon was continued as princi]ial, with sufficient competent assistants, most of whom had previously served under him. Up to this time the work of the school had been confined entirely to teaching and practicing the best methods of in- struction, depending on examinations to test the knowledge of the ordinary studies possessed by candidates for admission. As scholars increased in number, however, it was found that many of them, while they might pass an examination in the elementary branches, were yet so defective in regard to various necessary studies, and so devoid of practical thorough- ness, that it was considered absolutely necessary to provide for their more complete instruction. This was also made necessary by the fact that there was a constatit demand for teachers possessing both advanced education and normal training, to take charge of union schools, high .schools, and academies. Two courses were accordingly arranged in 1866, one for the training of common-school teachers, occnjiying a year and a half, and one especially de.r teachers of higher .schools, embracing two years. Those who had already suf- ficient scholarship to enter at once on the strictly professional work could graduate in the elementary course in a year, and in the higher course in one term. The school was highly successful, and its fame extended throughout not only-thc State, but the nation. The plan of thorough professional training of teachers employed there became known in educational circles throughout the country as the " Oswego .school system." Urgent calls came from the west for Oswego teachers to labor in ordi- nary and high schools, and more especially in training- .schools similar to the present institution. Other graduates, though less numerous, found employment in the e:Lstern and middle States. Among the institutions officered in whole or in part from Oswego during the sixteen years since the city training- school was founded, have been the training-schools of Lewiston, Maine; of Boston and Worcester, Massachu- .setts ; of New York city; of Cincinnati, Ohio; of Indian- apolis, Indiana ; and of Davenport, Iowa. Also the State normal schools at Trenton, New Jersey ; at Terrs Haute and Indianapolis, Indiana ; at Mankato, Winona, and St. Cloud, Minnesota; at Iowa City, Iowa; at Kirksville and Warrensburg, Missouri ; at Peru, Nebraska ; at Leaven- worth, Kansas ; and at San Francisco and San Jose, Cali- fornia. The six now normal schools in New York, provided for by the law of 1866, went into operation at various times between 1867 and 1871. Like their sister-schools in other States, these drew largely on Oswego for teachers. Nearly the whole faculty of the Fredonia normal school was taken from that of Oswego.; its principal, Mr. John W. Arm- strong, having been a teacher there. Almost all the schools named derived not only their teachers, but their teaching, from Oswego, which is unques- tionably the parent of the present system of normal instruc- tion throughout the country. Even the Albaiiy normal school, a much older institution, and very ably conducted, confines itself almost entirely to ordinary instruction, giving its pupils only two weeks of practice in a model school. The salient points of the " Oswego system" are : First, the long practice of every pupil under competent super- vision in actual teaching, not of high-toned young ladies and gentlemen, but of real, uneasy, whispering, pinching little boys and girls, e.ssentially the same as those with » whom all teachers must deal in the actual work of their profession. Second, the maintenance of a model school, composed of the best scholars and teachers, as a practical example of what a first-class school should be. Third, the use of the " objective method of instruction" in all depart- ments of the school and in all branches of study. An elaborate description of the objective method would be beyond the scope of this work, but we can hardly fur- nish a full history of the Oswego normal school without giving some idea of the system of which that school is the leading American exemplar. It certainly does not mean, as some may imagine, the mere holding up of objects be- fore a child and saying to it, " This is a stick of wood," or " This is a piece of calico ;" but something like that is at llie foiiiidatioii of all objective teaching. The grand object of the system is to give the child " ideas first, expression afterwards." If, however, he has already seen the object under consideration, so that he has what is called a "concept" of it in his mind, a picture of it on his brain, it need not be exposed in the school-room. If the children have never .seen it, it should be produced bo- 124 HISTOUY OF OSWKGO COILVTY, NEW YORK. fore them if conveniently attainable; if not, they should be tim^^lit to form an idoa of it from souicthitig resonihlintr it which they have seen, — ekinf; out tliis idea with a.s much of reality as circumstances will permit. pjvery child has seen a tree. It is not necessary that one .should Ik; brought into the .school -room, or oven j.'row in the yard, in order to give him au idea of it. But if the lesson relates to oaks and maples, then the wood, the leiives, and the bark of oaks and maples should Ix; brought bcfiire the class to emphasize the dislinction between them. There may be no nmuntains near, but the children have seen high hills, and from these the idea of the mountain is built up. If neither the desired object itself nor any other object suf- ficiently resembling it is to be found, then, but not other- wise, a picture is produced as its next best representative. Wlii-n a clear idea of the object has been produced in the child's mind, then, and not till then, he is presented with the word which represents that object. He spells it, he reads it, he pronounces it. The same course is pursued in reg-.ird to actions. They are first actually pj-esejito/, and then rcprcscHlcil by words. Ascending higher, in dealing with numbers, the pupil gains his first idea of thcin from actual counting of visible objects. All the processes of addition, subtraction, multi- plication, and division are verified by counting. If the subject of distance is under consideration, the students are ]>rovided with lines, with which they actually measure inches, feet, rods, perhaps miles. (We have never heard, however, of the young ladies of the Oswego normal school carrying object-les-sons to that extent.) If colors are the theme of study, paints are brought into the school, the stu- dents are taught to mix them, and learn to name at sight uU their minutest gradations. Sounds, too, are first " |)re- sented" and then "represented," — a process which in a large school must be more entertaining than convenient, and is probably somewhat modified in j)ractieo. In grammar, too, the jiupils arc first taught to observe by actual sight the position of articles under or over others, before dealing with the j)repositioiis which represent tho.^e ideas. The idea involved in the-ierb, the noun, the adjec- tive, or the adverb is similarly realized before being sub- jected to grammatical analysis. Nor is the objective method confined to the material World. The same realism above described is carried into the domain of mental and moral philosophy. The emotions, the foiniatioii of ideas, the will-jiowcr, are first described by the students from their own internal consciousness, and then made the subject of discussion. Thus, " liOvc, Ho|ie, ami Any, fair Pluttyure'tf Hliiiling train ; llatr, Vv&r, Ucinornu, tho family of I*ain," are sidyeeted as far as practicable (ah, yes, as far as practi- cable!) to the tests of actual experience before any theories regarding them may be considered. Tliotigh Lord Bacon and other philosopluMS have made suggestions jxiinting towards the objective mode of teaching, it was first given thorough practical exprassion in the latter ]>art of the last century, by the celebrated Swi.ss teacher, John Henry I'estalozzi. It is a jilea.sant coiiicidenee that a son of Pcstalozzi's first assistant, Herman Kriisi, a son bearing the same name, has for over twelve years been a teacher in the Oswego normal school, the first American institution which to any considerable extent has adopted Pcstalozzi's methods of instruction. During that time it has stcsidily increased in nuinlK'rs as well as infiuenee. During the spring term of 1877 there were three hundred and sixtifii students belonging to the normal school jiroj>cr, besides the jiublie school children of the practice and model schools, which number over three hundred. The whole nundjer of graduates from the begin- ning of the training-school in 1801 up to .fiine '.W, 1877, was Seven hundred and seventy-seven, an average of over forty-eight per year, which is more than twice as m.iiiy as have graduated yearly from any other norn)al school in the State. Less than one-tenth of these have been males. The proportion of male students is, however, steadily increasing. At first there were almost none. During the past year there have l>een eighty graduates, of which just one-eighth have been young gentlemen. Ninety-one per cent, of those who graduated previous to the last year arc known to have taught school, — a larger pro- portion of tciichers than the graduates of any other normal school in this State has furnished, with one exception. The number of counties represented in the school since its organization have been fifVy-six ; those thus rei>reseiited during the past year have been forty-five. I$y'tbe jircsent law each sehool-commissioner district in the State is entitled to send two pupils to this schcHjl ; the cities being each allowed a number projiortionate to its population. They are appointed by the superintendent of public instruction, on the recommendation of the school commissioners and of the superintendents of cities. They must pass, according to the regulations, " a fair examination in reading, spelling, geography, arithmetic (as far as the roots), and must be able to analyze and parse simple sen- tehees." Pupils must be at least sixteen years of age, and must possess good health, good moral character, and average abilities. Tuition and the u.sc of text-books are free, but students are held responsible for injury to or loss of books. The range of study has been gradually increased until it now includes three courses, — the elementary Engli.sh, the advanced English, and the classical. The first occupies two years. The first year is devoted to the ordinary elementary English studies, but taught in the objective manner before described. The second year is given uj) entirely to studies bearing on modes of instruction and to practice in the training-school. To be admitted to the advanced English course, students niu.st pass n thorough examination in all the studies of the first year in the elementary English course. The first year of the advanced eoui-se embraces algebra, geometry, chemis- try, and other im])ortant studies. The second is nearly the same as the corresponding year of the elementary course, with instruction in moral i)hilosopby and physical geog- raphy. The classical course covers three years; besides which, in order to obtain admission, the pupil must pass a satisfac- tory examination in the studies of the first '•elementary" year. The first '• classical'" year is nearly the same as the first "advanced," with the addition of Latin. The second "classical" is occupied principally by Latin, natural |ilii- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 125 losophy, physical geography, and Greek or modern lan- guages. The final year gives practice in training-school and methods of teaching, without oinittiiig Latin, Greek, and geology. Students possessing the requisite age and (jualifications, and who can pass the prescribed examination, may be ad- mitted to the class of any year in any course, but no one can graduate from a course without having passed through its last or professional year. A pupil who satisfactorily completes either one of the courses receives a diploma, which serves as a license to teach in all the public schools of the State, and makes a license from a commissioner un- necessary. There has never been an "academical" depart- ment in this school, — that is to say, a department in which no portion of the time is devoted to strictly professional instruction, — and the late order of the State superintendent discontinuing those departments does not affect the Oswego school. The school-year consists of two terms of twenty weeks each. Scholars may enter school in either September or February, graduate in either February or June. Tiiere is a fair-sized library of text and miscellaneous books, and an ample complement of chemical and philosophical apparatus. A large boarding-bouse is provided at a short distance from the school, which is under the supervision of the teachers, and at which the non-resident lady pupils are expected to board, except in special cases. We close our sketch of this important institution with the officials of the present year. The local board is composed of Gilbert Mollison, presi- dent; John K. Post, secretary; Daniel G. Fort, treasurer; Samuel B. Johnson, Benjamin Doolittle, Theodore Irwin, Alanson S. Page, John M. Barron, Delos De Wolf, Thomas S. Mott, Abner C. Mattoon, Thompson Kingsford. Besides Edward A. Sheldon, A.M., Ph.D., who has been the principal from the begiuuing, and who may be considered the founder of the school, so far as any one man can be credited with that honor, the faculty consists of Henry A. Straight, A.M. ; Isaac B. Poucher, A.M. ; Herman Kriisi, AM. ; JIary V. Lee, I\I.D ; 3Iatilda S. Cooper, F. Elizabeth Sheldon, Emma D. Straight, Ordelia A. Lester, Mary E. IMoore, llosc Whitney, Martha A. Keeler, Sarah J. Walter, and S. Ida Williams. CHAPTER XXXIV. THE COMMON SCHOOLS. School Commissioners' Districts— Tabic of Schools, Teachers, Cliil- dren, anil AttenJiince — Wages — Libraries — Present Comlition. For the management of its common schools Oswego County is divided into three school-commissioners' districts, besides the city, which has its se]>arate board of education and superintendent. A sketch of the city schools is given in the city history, and some mention is made in each of the towns of the earliest schools taught within it. In this chapter we present a brief abstract oi' the ])re.n 14 15 81S 314 Bovlston S S 371 Ml Mexico 19 21 1,(175 442 Orwell 11 11 487 180 RfJHeUl in U 520 189 Uichlanrl 22 26 1,31.1 518 Sandy Creek.... 14 20 932 396 Williamstown... 9 10 755 257 Total 280 330 19,067 7,001 There arc several union and graded schools in the county, of which mention is made in their respective towns. About three-fourths of the whole number of persons between five and twenty-one actually attend school at some period of the year, though the average daily attendance while school is taught is only forty per cent, of the whole number. Wages, though varying greatly, are reported to average about five dollars per week in summer, and eight in winter. School libraries, unfortunately, are generally in a dilapidated con- dition, and the larger part of the districts use the library money to help pay the teachers. In other respects the schools are reported to be flourishing, both numbers and zeal being manifestly on the increase. CHAPTER XXXV. BEDIGION AND TEMPERANCE. Formation of the Oswego Connty liiblc Society — Carious Facts — Names of the Presidents — Present Officers — Object of the Society — Payments to the American Bible Society — Dejiository and Branches — Organization of the County Lodge of Good Templars — First Officers — The Succession of Presidents — The Present Officers. The Oswego County Bible Society was formed in January, 1826. The American Bible Society had then been in existence ten years, but its work had been compar- atively small, and an interest in its benevolent operations was then only just beginning to be awakened. The records of the Oswego County society prior to the 15th of Sep- tember, 1840, are lost, but the following extract from a circular i.ssucd just after its organization, in 1826, shows the necessity for its formation : " As a preliminary step to the formation of this society, a partial investigation of the county was effected to a.scor- tain the deficiency of Bibles; the surprising result of which was that one-fourth of the families in this county do not possess an entire copy of the Holy Scrijjturcs, a large porti(jii 126 lilSTUia" OK (tSUKilo ((JU-NXr, .NKW lOliK. of whom have no part of the Bible in their houses. In one of the school distriets in this town, containinj; cixty families, twenty-nine were destitute. In anotlier town of thi.-i county lhirly-.>-ix families out of one hundred and six were found destitute. From all the return.x wliieh liave been received, it appears that eiglit hundred and ninety-four families have l)ecii inve.stiLr.itwl, and of them two hundred and firty-one are jmt down jis jiartially or entirely destitute of the Word of Life." The society was recofrnizod as an auxiliary of the Amer- ican Bible Society in Jlarch, 1821); but wliere the first meetings were held, or who were the first officers, cannot be ascertained. Rev. Oliver Ayer was elected |iresident in 1827, and it is not certain but he was its first one. The next year Ilcv. Jason I^athrop was chosen to the same position. Kev. Ralph Robin.son was elected president in 1829, and was successively re-elected for the next three yeai-8. The succession of presidents since that time has been as folK.ws : 18:53-35, Rev. Robert W. Condit ; 183(J- 39, Rev. Robert W. Condit ; 1840-43, Rev. Ralph Robin- inson; 1844, Rev. Gardner Baker; 1845, Mr. Lutlier Pardee; 184G, lion. George F. Falley; 1847-48, Judjje Klias Brewster; 1849, Ur. Newell Wright; 185(1, Hamilton Murray, Esij. ; 1851-52, Hon. William F.Allen; 1853, Hon. Ransom H. Tyler; 1854, Hon. James Piatt; 1850, Hon. L. B. Crocker; 1857, Dr. M. Lindley Lee; 1858, AV. I. Preston; 1850, Prof. J. P. Criffin; ISGO, Mr. Ralph Robinson ; 18G1-G2, Hon. William F. Allen ; 18G3- G7, Hon. Ransom H. Tyler; 18C8-72, Gilbert Mollison, Es<|.; 1873, Hon. Cyrus Whitney; 1874, Hon. T. W. Skinner; 1875, Col. W. D. Smith ; 187G,Joliu B.Edwards, E.sf). ; 1877. J. G. Benedict. The present officers of the society are J. G. Benedict, president; Charles T. Benedict, L. R. Muzzy, and W. H. Kcnyon, vice-presidents ; Frank S. Thrall, recording secre- tary ; L. E. Goulding, corresponding secretary ; J. H. Coe, treasurer and depositary ; Gilbert Mollison, S. W. Brewster, Manni.ster Worts, 0. M. Bond, 0. J. Harmon, Thomas !Matliews, executive committee ; F. B. Lathrop, George Goodier, auditing committee. The object of tiie society, as declared by it-s constitution, is to promote the circulation of the Holy Scrijitures, " with- out note or comment." As to membership, it is provided that all persons contributing to its funds annually shall be members; that those contributing one dollar or more shall receive, if called for within twelve months, a common Bible; and that those contributing ten dollars at one time, or five dollars for two consecutive years, shall become mem- bers for life, and entitled annually to fifty cents' worth of Bibles or Testaments. All funds not needed for circulating the Scriptures within the county are j)aid over annually to the parent sojicty, to be used in distributing Bibles wherever needed. The receipts for the year ending June, 187G, were seven hundred and fifty-one dollars and ninety-three cents, of which seven hundred and forty-seven dollars and seventy- four cents were jiaid to the American Bible Society. The Oswego society has a dc|iository at O.swego, and branches at Sandy Creek, Hannibal, Fulton, Mexico, Sand Bank, and Wiliiamstowu. The total value of the bocks at these points in June, 1876, was eleven hundnd and ninety-i-ix dollars ur.d sev» nty-eight cents. The Oswego County Lodge of the Independent Order of Good Tcniflars was organized on the 20tli day of De- cember, 1870. with the folluwing officers: County Chief Temjilar, S. C. Weeks; County Vice-Templar, Helen M. Coe ; County Secretary, W. J. Dougall ; County AsKistant Secretary, Mrs. W. J. Dougall; County Financial Secre- tary, Julia A. Ames; County Trea'^urer, L. P. Storms; County Marshal, C. R. Groesbeck ; County De]iUly Mar- thai, Mrs. Lizzie Ridding; County Chaplain, Rev. J. II. Allsever; County 1. G., Mrs. May Chafuian; County (>. G., E. N. Mentcr; R. H. S., Mi^ L. F. WadUigh; L. H. S., Miss E. Redding. The county lodge is composed of delegates elected from each of the subordinate lodges in the county. It has held meetings quarterly from organization to the jirescnt time; meeting with the various subordinate lodges, and doing all in its ]iower to ]iromote the cause of temperance and good morals. There are now ten subordinate lodges in tlu! county, with about five hundred members. The successive County Chief Templars have been as follows: S. C. Weeks, 1871-72 ; Albert Potter, 1873-74 ; S. C. Weeks, 1875-77. The following are the ( fficers for the year 1877 : C. C. T., S. C. Weeks; C. V. T., Mrs. 0. D. Austin; C. Sec., C. W. Cogswell ; Assistant Secretary, A. Beardsley ; C. T., John Cooper; C. Chaplain, B. Gleason ; C. M, C. Wright; D. M., Mrs. R. J. Dimon ; R. H. S., Mrs. Hannah Smith; L. H. S , Mi-s. J. Cooper. CHAPTER XXXVL MEDICAL SOCIETIES. Oswego County MiMlieal .'Society : First Mcniljcrs and Otficcrfl ; Progress; Jtcguliilion.*, Meeting**, cic. : Code of Blhies; IVesent Officers: Li»t of Presidents: List of Members — llomaHtpulhic Medical Society : First Officers and Members: I«i»t of IVc-^itlents ; Present Officers and Member.-* — Eclectic Medic.Tl Society: Its Orgnni/nlion : First Officers ; Keorguuizatiou ; The Eclectic Creed ; Present Officers. "The Mkhicm, Society of the County of Os- WEtlo." — The :ibove is the official title of the association in question, though it is more commonly designated as The Oswego County Medical Society. It was org;inized in June, 1821, and, so far as known, the following were the only members present : Anson Fay, of A'olney ; S. F. Kin- ney, of New Haven ; Allen Andrews, of Pubiski ; Gridley, of ; Sardius Brewster, of Jlexico ; Benjamin Coe, of Oswego ; and L. Cowan, of Volney. As, how- ever, the records have been twice burned in ten years, it is po.>isible that some niiines have been omitted. For the same rea.''on the names of the first officers can- not be given, though from the scant nuuibcr of members they doubtless all held official rank. Even the names of the presidents for 1821 and 1822 cannot be found in the society's manual. The president in 1823 was Allen An- drews, of Pulaski. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 127 From 1821 to the present year tlie iiuiuber of members has steadily irrowii until, instead of seven, there arc now fifty-eight on the soeiety's register. Two of these are ladies, female members being admitted on equal terms with males. Four members joined in 1822, seven in 182.S, four in 1824, two in 1825, four in 1826, and four in 1827. In 1828 there seems to have been a regular " revival" in the way of joining the society, no less than seventeen having enrolled their names in that year, while in 1829 there were only four. No subsef(uent year has equaled 1828 in that res])ect. The total number of physicians who have been members of th« society since its organization is over a hun- dred and sixty ; but of these a large majority have died or left the county. The officers of the s;)cicty are a president, a vice-presi- dent, a recording secretary, a corresponding secretary, a treasurer, a librarian, and five csnsors, who are chosen annually by ballot. The society also elects annually five delegates to the American medical association, and five to the Central New York medical association. The annual meeting is lield on tlie second Tuesday in Juno, at which officers are elected ; besides which, there is a semi-annual meeting on the second Tuesday in December of each year. Special meetings may also be called by the president, or, in his absence, by the vice-pre.sident. Meetings are held at various localities throughout the county. At these meetings discussions are held regarding inter- esting questions in medicine and surgery, new members elected, charges examined, etc. A member can only be convicted of misconduct by a vote of two-thirds of the members present, at a special meeting called to investigate the charges ; after which he may be reprimanded, sus- pended, or expelled, by a majority vote. It is the duty of the censors to examine every candidate for a license to practice medicine or surgery, who shall have comjilied with the requisitions of the laws of the State (on payment of five dollars for the society), and, if he be found qualified, to give him a certificate to that effiict, addressed to the president, who thereupon confers a diploma upon him. Any physician or surgeon, practicing in Oswego County, may become a member, on payment of one dollar to the treasurer, if a majority of the censors shall certify that he is entitled to practice, and if, on being balloted for at an annual meeting, he shall receive the votes of a majority of the members present. The code of ethics of the American medical association, and that of the State medical society of New York, are made binding on the members of the Oswego County medi- cal association by its by-laws, and the intentional violation of those prece[)ts is considered good cause for discipline. Misconduct is not only theoretically, but actually, punished, and six or eight members have been expelled for violations of dutj-. The following is a list of the officers and delegates chosen at the last annual meeting, held at Oswego June 12, 1877, to serve during the ensuing year: President, R. N. Cooley, of Hannibal ; Vice-President, J. W. Eddy, of Oswego; Recording Secretary, J. K. Stockwell, of Oswego; Corre- sponding Secretary, George 1'. Jobn.«on, of Mexico ; Treas- urer, G. C. Bacon, of Fulton ; Librarian, A. S. Low, of Pulaski; Censors, D. Pardee, George W. Nelson, I. L. Jones, A. A. D.'sauliners, arid D. Acker; Delegates to the American ^Medical Association, J. K. Stockwell, C. M. Lee, T. J. Green, P. S. Low, and William H. Rice; Delegates to the Central Now Y'ork Association, H. W. Caldwell, N. W. Bat^s, H. E. Balcom, H. D. C. Phelps, and B. Do Wilt. The following members of the Oswego County medical society have been duly elected by the Medical Society of the State of New York as permanent members of that honorable body : Benjamin E. Bowen, of Mexico ; A. Van Dyck, of Oswego; G-: A. Dayton, of Mexico; Charles G. Bacon, of Fulton ; Au.stin White, of Parish ; James B. Murdoch, of Oswego ; Frank S. Low, of Pulaski ; William. H. Rice, of Phujnix; and'C. C. P. Clark, of Oswego. The following is a list of the presidents from 1823 to 1877, so far as known : Allen Andrews, 1823 ; Anson Fay, 1827; S. F. Kinney, 1830; E. S. Barrows, 1831; P. H. Hard, 1832; H. F. Noyes, 1835; B. E. Bowen, 183C; S. Brewster, 1837 ; R. Howard, 1838; A. Gardiner, 183!) ; S. Hart, 1841 ; J. M. Watson, 1842 ; A. K. Bockwith, 1843; H. Murdoch, 1811; S. Brewster, 1845; P. H. Hard, 1S4G ; S. Pardee, 1847 ; A. Van Dyck, 1848 ; C. G. Bacon, 1849; B. E. Bowen, 1851); A. White, 1851; A. Williams, 1852; A. B. Coe, 1853; T. J. Green, 1854; J. P. Rosa, 1855; G. A. Diiyton, 1856; M. R. Holbrook, 1857; John Hart, 1858; S. G. Place, 1859; Franklin Everts, 1860; A. S. Coe, 1861 ; D. Pardee, 1862 ; C. C. P. Clark, 1863; J. B. Murdoch, 1864, 1865; M. Bradbury, 186G ; F. S. Low, 1867 ; C. M. Lee, 1868 ; G. A. Dayton, 1869 ; William H. Rice, 1870 ; L. L. Stevens, 1871 ; Car- rington Macfarlanc, 1872; J. L. Buckley, 1873; D. T. Whyborn, 1874; A. S. Coe, 1875; D. D. Drake, 1876; R. N. Cooley, 1877. The following is a chronological list of the members from the organization of the society to the present time, with the date of admission, and residence, when known : 1821. — Anson Fay, Volney ; S. F. Kinney, New Haven; Allen Andrews, Pulaski ; Gridley, Sardius Brewster, Mexico; B.'njamin Coe, Oiwego ; L. Cowan, Volney. 1822.— S. Dunlop, Samuel Torbutt, Williamstown ; H. G. Torbutt, Williamstown ; Samuel Freeman, Williamstown. 1823.— D. W. Cole, Oswego; H. Smith, Constantia; Darius Clark, Scriba ; J. A. Paine, Lyman Huntley, Ran- som Howard, Volney ; Al. Frederick Smith, Mexico. 1824.— P. H. Hard, Oswego; Samuel Hart, Oswego ; Silas Meaeham, Pulaski ; W. Steward, New Haven. 1825. — Busbncll B. Carey, H. Dewey, Scriba. 1826. — A. S. Bradley, Fulton; D. Robinson, Mexico; A. Howland, Oswego; John U. Watson, Pulaski. 1827. — Elisha jMoore, Jloxico ; D. G. Ayre, Sandy Creek ; H. F. Noyes, Pulaski ; Justin Morgan, Richland. 1828. — H. Perkins, A. L. Cooper, Owen, Isaac Whitteniore, Pulaski ; J. Douglas, Scriba; L. Root, Lucius Van Schaik, Oswego; H. P. Van Valkenburg, Volney; J. H. Richmond, Parish ; Arden Allen, Hannibal ; Egbert S. Barrows, Oswego ; Samuel K. Lee, J. Hewctt, Oswego ; J. K. Thurber, Oswego ; John G. Ayre, Sandy Creek ; Hough, N. Tift. 1829. — Wm. (!. Adkins, Oswego; Timothy Goodwin, 11. B. Root, Mexico. 128 IIISTOUV OF OSWEGO COUxXTY, NEW YORK. is:;(l.— E. P:ilmcr, Mexico; A. F. Kent, Hannibal; David L. Hardy, (iniiiby; N. F. Rru.e, Oswego; N. W. Luthrop. 18:J1.— M. L. Lcc. Fuitdn ; J. Stotlu, .Mexico ; A. Steele, Volney; T. S. Gilbert, Orwell; IK.Ison Morton, Orwell; Abiatlia (Jardincr, 3Iexico; Webster, Hastings; E. G. Mv^-att. A. White, Parish. 1832. — 1*. Sprajiue, Hannibal; J. P. Rosa, Albion. 18:53. — A. Go. There are also trophies snatched from Canadian rivals, and one obtained by the cavalrymen in a contest at Syracuse. 132 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. CHATTER XXXIX OSWEGO COUNTY CIVIL LIST. Stato Ofliccrs from Oswpgo Cuunty — Court of Appeals anil Supreme Court — Members of Congress — Presiijential Eleeiors — First Judges of tbo Common Tleas — County Judges — Special County Judges — Associate Judges of the Common Picas — Justices of Sessions — Surrogates — Special Surrogates — District Attorneys — SheritTs — County Clcrka — County Treasurers — State Senators — Members of Assembly — SuperiDtendents and Commissioners of Schools. State officers from Oswego County are as follows : Ilonry Fitzliujili, of O.swogo city, was elefteii canal coiiiinissioiier in November, 1851, for three years, and re-elected in 1854, serving until December 31, 1857. Andrew II. Calhoun, of Oswego city, was appointiid canal appraiser by the jrovernor and senate, July 1, 1850, and served until April 5, 1855. William F. Allen, then of Now York, but previously and 8ubsei|ucntly of Oswego, was elected .State fomptrollcr in November, 18G7, and held office from January 1, 1808, till June, 1870, when be was elected judge of the court of appeals. John Cochrane, formerly a resident of Oswego, served as attorney-general in 1864 and 18G5. Court of Appeals iiiul Supreme Court. — Previous to tlie constitution of 1847, there had been no supreme court or circuit judgi'S from Oswego County. Under that constitu- tion Oswego County was united with Jefferson, Lewis, Her- kimer, Oneida, and Onondaga, to fiirui the fif'th judicial district, and elected four justices of the supreme court, — one to be chosen every two years, and those first elected to draw for terms. In June, 1847, William F. Allen, of Oswego city, was elected, and drew an eight-years' term. In 1855 he was re-elected, and served till December 31, 18U3. Henry A. Foster, of Oneida county (ex-congressman and ex-Unitcd States senator), was elected in his place, and soon afterwards removed to Oswego, where he lived throughout bis term of office, which expired December 31, 1871, and where he still resides. By the judiciary amendment to the constitution, adopted in lS(i!», a new court of ajipeals of seven members was pro- videil for, the judges to hold fourteen years. William F. Allen, of Oswego, was elected one of the first judges of the new court in May, 1870, and still holds that office. Members of Congress. — By an act of the legislature passed in Aj)ril, 1822, Oswego County was made a i)art of the twentieth congressional district, which also embraced Jef- ferson, Lewis, and St. Lawrence counties, and elected two members of Congress. Previous to this the sections east and west of the (Jswego river had been joined in ri'pre.sen- tation rc^lJCctivcly with Oneida and Onondaga counties, and no member had been a resident of the present territory of Oswego County. At the election in 1824, Egbert Ten Eyck, of Jeflerson county, received one of the certificates, but on contest his .seat was awarded, in December, 1825, to General Daniel Mugunin, of Oswego, who held till March, 1827. He was succeeded by Rudol|)h Huntier, of Oswego, in the Congress of 1827-20. George Fisher, of Oswego, received a certificate for next term (1829-31 ), but bis .seat, on contest, w.ts awarded in December, 1829, to Sila.s Wright, Jr., of St. Lawrence, who, however, declined to accept it. and another St. Lawrence county man wil-j elected the next spring. There was no one from Oswego County in the Congress of 1831-33. By law^of June 29, 1832, Oneida and Oswego counties formed thcseventi-cnth congre.s.sional district, with two mem- bers. Those from Oswego County were as follows : Joel Turrill, of Oswego, 1833-35. Re-elected for 1835- 37. Abraham P. Grant, of Oswego, 1837-39. David P. Brewster, of Oswego, 1839-41. Re-elected for 1841-43. By a law passed in September, 1842, Madison and Os- wego counties formed the twentj'-tbird congressional district, with one member. Those counties have composed one dis- trict ever since ; but in 1851 its number was changed to the twenty-.secoiid, and in 1871 it was changed back to the twenty-third. The repre.senUitives have been as follows: Orville Robinson, of Mexico, 1843—45; William J. Hough, of ^ladisiin county, 1815-47 ; William Duer. of C)s- wego, 1847-49 ; re-elected for 1849-51 ; Lcander Babcock, of Oswego, 1851-53; Gerrit Smith, of Madison county, 1853-54; resigned November, 1854; Henry C. Goodwin, of Oswego, electol in place of Smith, 1854—55; Andrew Z. McCarty, of Pulaski, 1855-57 ; Henry C. Goodwin, of Oswego, 1857-59; M. Lindley Lee, of Fulton, 1859-61 ; William E. Lansing, of Madison county, 1861-63; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego, 1863-65; Sidney T. Holmes, of Madison county, 1865-67 ; John C, Cbnrehill. of Oswego, 1867-69; re-elected for 1869-71 ; William K. Lansing, of Madison county, 1871-73; re-elected for 1873-75; Wil- liam H. Baker, of Constantia, 1875-77; re-elected for 1877-79. J'resiilentiiil Elictnrs from Oswego County, with ihite of elections. — Tlieophilus S. Morgan, of Oswego, 1832; Peter Pratt, of Mexico, 1840 ; Henry Potts, of Williams- town, 1844; Delos De Wolf, of Oswe-o, 1852; Daniel H. Marsh, of Oswego, 1856; Thoimis Kingsford, of Oswego, 1864 ; Delos De Wolf, of Oswego (elector at large), 1868 ; John E. Lyon, of Oswego, 1872 ; Bartholomew Lynch, of Oswego, 1876. First Judges of the Courts of Common Picas, with date of iippoiutmenl. — Barnet ^looney, of Granby, March 21, 1816; John Grant, Jr., of Oswego, June 1, 1820; Joel Turrill, of Oswego, April 2, 1828 ; David P. Brewster, of Oswego, A])ril 15, 1833 ; Samuel B. Ludlow, of Oswego, May 11, 1841. Counli/ Judges elected for four years, with time of enter- iug on office. — Orla H. Whitney, Mexico, June, 1847; Ran.som H. Tyler, Fulton, January 1, 1852; Sylvester C. Huntington, Pulaski, January 1, 1856; John C. Churchill, Oswego, January 1, 1860 ; Ransom H. Tyler, Fulton, Jan- uary 1, 1864; Cyrus Whitney, Mexico, January 1, 1868; elected for six years; Cyrus Whitney, Oswego, January, 1872. Special County Judges, elected for three years, with time of entering on office. — Benjamin F. Rhodes, Pulaski, Jan- uary 1, 1855 ; Dennis D. .McComi, Scliroeppel. January 1, 1858 ; De Witt C. Peck, Mexico, January 1, 1861 ; James HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 133 W. Feiiton, Pulaski, January 1, 1864; re-elected 18G7 ; Andrew Z. McCarty, Pulaski, January 1, 1870; John Preston, Pulaski, January 1, 1873 ; Henry A. Brainard, Schroeppel, January 1, 1876. Associate Jiulges of the Common Pleas, with years of sei-vlce. — Peter D. Huguiiin, Oswego, 1816-26, inclusive; Edruund Hawks, Oswego town, 1816-18 ; Daniel Hawks, Jr., Hannibal, 1816-17 ; Smith Dunlap, Sandy Creek, 1816-19 ; Henry Williams, Williamstown, 1816-17, 1821- 22,1824-26; David Easton, New Haven, 1816-17 ; Orris Hart, New Haven, 1817-20; William Hale, Richland, 1817-19 ; David S. Bates, Constantia, 1820-21 ; James Bill, Oswego, 1820-21 ; John Seeber, Richland, 1820-21 ; Samuel Faruham, Hannibal, 1820-21 ; John S. Davis, Richland, 1821-22; Oliver Burdick, Volney, 1821-22; Chester Hayden, Richland, 1822-23; Jo.scph Easton, Yol- ncy, 1822-30, inclusive ; Hastings Curtiss, Hastings, 1823- 25, 1828-29; Simeon Meacham, Richland, 1828-31; Avery Skinner, Mexico, 1828-31, 1835-38 ; John Rey- nolds, Orwell, 1829-34, inclusive; Lovewell Johnson, Pa- lermo, 1832-36 ; Samuel Freeman, Williamstown, 1832- 42, inclusive ; Hiram Hubbell, Pulaski, 1835-39; Enoch Hibbard, Volney, 1837-46, inclusive; Elias Brewster, Mexico, 1839-43; Samuel B. Ludlow, Oswego, 1840-45, inclusive; Thomas S. Meacham, Sandy Creek, 1841-45, inclusive; Huntington Fitch, Hastings, 1843—47; Julian Carter, Constantia, 1844-47 ; Orla H. Whitney, Mexico, 1846-47; John JI. Watson, Pulaski, 1846-47. Justices of Sessions, tcith the years of service of each Justice. — John M. Casey, Oswego, 1848; L. Thayer, Parish, 1848-50, 1861-63; Norman Rowe, New Haven, 1849, 1856; Robert Simpson, Scriba, 1850, 1863; John Wart, Boykston, 1851, 1852; John B. Higgins, Mexico, 1851; Mason Salisbury, Sandy Creek, 1852, 1855; Ed- ward S. Reed, Albion, 1853 ; Samuel A. Comstock, Albion, 1853; Ezra Green, Palermo, 1854, 1856; John Vandeuburgh, Constantia, 1854 ; Edson Wilder, Sandy Creek, 1855; Lewis F. Devendorf, Hastings, 1857; Marcus Patterson, West Monroe, 1857 ; Benjamin N. Hin- man, Hannibal, 1858, 1860-62; Nelson J. Williams, Boylston, 1858; Caleb L. Carr, Williamstown, 1859-60; Hiram M. Stevens, Sandy Creek, 1859 ; Alvin Richardson, Mexico, 1864; Fowler H. Berry, Amboy, 1864; Alvin Osborn, Oswego, 1865 ; Mars Nearing, Hastings, 1865 ; Henry M. Barrett, Hannibal, 1866 ; John Shepard, Albion, 1866; William Congdon, Scriba, 1867, 1873; Marcus Patterson, West Monroe, 1867 ; Levi Brackett, Hannibal, 1868 ; Jesse W. Cross, Orwell, 1868 ; R. George Bassett, Volney, 1869-70; Andrew S. Coey, Redfield, 1869-70, 1875; James G. Caldwell, West Monroe, 1871; Joseph W. Phillips, West Jlonroe, 1871 ; Abraham David, Parish, 1872 ; Edmund Potter, Parish, 1872, 1874, 1877 ; Noel A. Gardner, Amboy, 1873 ; William R. Potts, Williams- town, 1874; F. W. Squires, North Volney, 1875; Henry L.Cole, Mexico, 1876; Cornelius Edick, Parish, 1876: Isaac R. Parkliurst, Scriba, 1877. Surroffati:s appointed, with date of appointment. — Elias Brewster, of Jlcxico, Marcli 21, 1816 ; Abraham P. Vos- burgh, of Fulton, February 17, 1817 ; Orris Hart, of New Haven, April 8, 1819; Chester Ilayden, of Oswego, 1820; James A, Davis, of Pulaski, March 28, 1823 ; Josepli Helme, of Pulaski, March 27, 1826 ; Orville Robinson, of Mexico, March 5, 1830; Joseph Torrey, of Mexico, Feb- ruary 9, 1834 ; Joel Turrill, of O.swego, February 8, 1843 ; Orris Hart, of Oswego, November 3, 1845; William P. Curtis, of Fulton, October 1, 1846; county judge per- formed duties of surrogate from 1847 to 1852. Surrogates, elected for four years, toith date of entering on office. — James Brown, of Oswego, January 1, 1852; Amos G. Hull, of Fulton, January 1, 1856, re-elected; Timothy W. Skinner, of Mexico, January 1, 1864 ; Henry L. Howe, of Sandy Creek, January 1, 1868; Timothy W. Skinner, of Mexico, January 1, 1872, elected for six years. Special Surrogates, elected for three years, with date of entry on office. — William Sanders, of Cleveland, January 1, 1855 ; Joshua B. Randall, of Hastings, January 1, 1858, re-elected; William W. Scribner, of Oswego, January 1, 1864; Francis David, of Schroeppel, January 1, 1867, re- elected; William H. Kenyon, of Schroeppel, January 1, 1873; W. B. Smith, of Pulaski, January 1, 1876. District Attorneys appointed, with date of appointment. —James F. Wright, Oswego, April 17, 1820; Samuel B. Beach, Oswego, February 19, 1821 ; David P. Brewster, Oswego, 1829 ; Abraham P. Grant, Oswego, 1836 ; Orville Robinson, Mexico, 1841 ; Leander Babcock, Oswego, 1843 ; William Duer, Oswego, 1845. Elected for terms if three years, tcith date of entrance on office. — Ransom H. Tyler, Fulton, June, 1847; John B, Higgins, Oswego, January 1, 1851 ; Archibald N. Lud- dington, Fulton, January 1, 1854 ; John C. Churchill, Os- wego, January 1, 1857; George G, French, Mexico, Jan- uary 1, 1860; William H. Baker, Constantia, January 1, 1863 , Sylvanus C. Huntington, Pulaski, elanuary 1, 1866 ; William H. Baker, Con.stantia, appointed (in place of Hun- tington, resigned) in the spring of 1866, elected for full term in the fall of 1866; Newton W. Nutting, Oswego, January 1, 1870; John J. Lamoree, Oswego, January 1, 1873, relected. Sheri(fs appointed, with date of appointment. — John S. Davis, Pulaski, March 21, 1816; Peter Pratt, Mexico, February 4, 1820; Orris Hart, New Haven, February 13, 1821. Elected by the people for three years, with date of enter- ing on the office. — Orris Hart, Oswego, January 1, 1823; Asa Dudley, Oswego town, January 1,1826; Hastings Curtiss, Hastings, January 1, 1829; William Hale, Pu- la.ski, January 1, 1832; Jonathan Case, Fulton, January 1, 1835 ; Jabez H. Gilbert, Orwell, January 1, 1838 ; Nor- man Rowe, New Haven, January 1, 1841; Marinas W. Jlatthews, Pulaski, January 1, 1844; Horatio J. Carey, Oswego (appointed in place of Matthews, deceased}, Decem- ber 5, 1844; Alvin Lawrence, Mexico, January 1, 1846; Norman Rowe, New Haven, January 1, 1849; George W. Stillwell, Orwell, January ] , 1852 ; llufns Hawkins, Oswego, January 1, 1855 ; Charles A. Perkins, Constantia, Jan- ary 1, 1858; Sidney 51. Tucker, Pulaski, January 1, 1861 ; Robert D. Gillespie, Richland, January 1, 1864; Sidney M. Tucker, Oswego, January 1, 1867; James Doyle, Os- wego, January 1, 1870; Henry II. Lyman, Pulaski, Jan- uary 1, 1873; Frank S. Low, Pulaski, January 1, 1876. 134 HISTORY OF OSWFIGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. C'lunly Olerlcs appoinleit, with dale of appnlittmrnt. — James Adanis, Oswego town, March 1, ISlC ; Joseph Davis, Oswego, March 19, 1818; Smith Duiihip, Sandy Creek, February 19, 1S21. Eleclvd by the people for ternu of three t/eart, with date of entering on the office. — Hiram Hubhell, Puhiski, Janu- ary 1, 182:t; T. S. Mor-an, Oswego, January 1, 182G ; Thomas C. Baker, Pulaski, January 1, 1829 ; Erie Poor, Oswego, January 1, 1852 ; Marinus W. Matthews, Pulaski, January 1, 1835; Daniel H. Marsh, Oswego, Januarj' 1, 1838; Andrew Z. MeCarty, Pulaski, January 1, 1841 ; John Carpenter, Oswego, January 1, 1S44; Jabez H. Gil- bert, Pulaski, January 1, 1847 ; Philander Rathbun, Oswego, January 1, 1850; Edwin JI. Hill, Pulaski, January 1, 1853 ; Henry 8. Conde, Hastings, January 1, l.S5(i ; Sauiuel R. Taylor, Oswego, January 1, 1859; Edward N. Ratli- bun, Oswego, January 1, 1862; Bernice L. Doane, Pulaski, January 1, 18ti5; Manister Worts, Oswego, January 1, 18(J8; John J. Stephens, Oswego town, January 1, 1S71 ; Brainard Nelson, Oswego, January 1, 1874 ; Daniel E. Taylor, Granby, January 1, 1877. County Treasurers, oppointed by the Council of Ap- pointment. — Peter Pratt, of Mexico, 1816 ; Elias Brewster, of Mexico, 1820. Appointed by the Hoard of Supervisors under the Consti- tution of 1821. — Avery Skinner, of Mexico, 1827 ; Robert A. Stitt, 1839; Starr Clark, 1840; Robert A. Stitt, 1841; Hiram Walker, 1846. By the con.stitution of 1846, county treasurers were to be elected by tlie people for terms of three years. Those of O.swcgo County, with (he respective dates of their enter- ing on the office, have been Samuel H. Stone, of Mexico, January 1, 1849, re-elected; Henry C. ]\>ck, of Mexico, January 1, 1855 ; Luther H. Cotiklin, of Mexico, January 1, 1858, re-elected each succeeding term; is now serving his seventh term. i, of Oswego, 1858-59; Andrew S. Warner, of Pulaski, 1860-61; Richard K. Sanford, of Fulton, 1862-63; Cheney Ames, of Oswego, 1864-65; John J. Wolcott, of Yolney, 1866- 67. By the act of 1866 Oswego and Madison counties were again uniti-d as the twenty-first senatorial district, and so remain. The following gentlemen have represented that district in the senate: Abner C. Mat toon, of Oswego, 1868— 69; William H. Brand, of Madison county, 1870-71; William Foster, of Constantia, 1S72-73; Charles Kellogg, of Madison county, 1874-75; Benjamin Doolitllc, of Os- wego, 1876-77. Members of Assembly elected fir one year, with years of service. — Barnet M-ooney, of Granby (then Hannibal i, 1810 (elected from Onondaga county), 1812, 1814; The- ophilus S. Morgan, of Oswego, 1820 ('di.strict of Oneida and Oswego); William Root ( ? i. 1821 (district of Oneida and Oswego); Peter Pratt, of Mexico, 1822 (district of Oneida and Oswego) ; Theophilus S. Morgan, of Oswego, 1823 (Oswego county alone); Hastings Curtis, of Has- tings, 1824; Chester Haj'den, of Oswego, 1825 ; Henry Williams, of Williamstown, 1826; Orris Hart, of New Haven, 1827-28 ; George F. Falley, of Fulton, 1S29; Hi- ram Ilubbell, of Richland, 1830 ; Joel Turrill. of Oswego, 1831 ; Avery Skinner, of Mexico, 1832-33 ; Orville Robin- son, of Mexico, 1834 ; Jesse Crowell, of Albion, 1835-36. By act passed in 1836, Oswego County was allowed two members of assemljly, both elected for whole county. Or- ville Robinson, of Mexico, aud Caleb Carr, of Williamstown, represented the county in 1837 ; Arvin Rice, of lliuiiiibai, and John M. Richardson, of Mexico, 1838 ; Samuel Haw- ley, of Oswego, and Edward B. Judson, of Constantia, 1839; William Duer, of Oswego, and Peter Devendorf, of Hastings, 1840-41 ; Peter Devendorf, of Hastings, and Robert C. Kenyon, of Fulton, 1842; William F. Allen, of O.swego, and Alban Strong, of Orwell, 1843-14; Thomas Skelton, of Ilaiuiibal, and L. Thayer, of Parish, 1845; Thomas Skelton, of Hannibal, and Reuben Drake, of Red- field, 1846; Orrin R. Earl, of Sandy Creek, and M. Lind- ley Lee, of Fulton, 1847. Henceforth the county was divided into two a.s.stmibly districts. The first comprised Granby, Hannibal, O.swego citj' and town. New Haven, Schroeppel, Scriba, and \'olney. The second embraced Albion, Amboy, Boylston, Mexico, New Haven, Orwell, Palermo, Parish, Rcdfield, Richland, Sandy Creek, West Monroe, and Williamstown. The names of members will be given in the order of their dis- tricts : JI. Lindley Lee, of Fulton, and Andrew Z. McCarty, of Pulaski, 1848; Henry Fitzhugh, of Oswego, and Ed- ward W. Fox, of Richland, 1849; William Lewis, Jr., of Oswego, and Luke D. Smith, of Mexico, 1850; Moses P. Hatch, of Oswego (resigned, and Wm. P. Curtis took his place), and Benjamin F. Lewis, of Redfield, 1851 ; Edwin C. Hart, of Oswego, and James T. Gibson, of Albion, 1852; De Will ('. Liltlejohn, of Oswego, and Charles A. HISTORY OF OSWEUO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 135 Perkins, of Constantia, 1853 ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego, and Azariali Wart, of Boylston, 1854 ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego, and Jacob M. Scldcn, of Williams- town (contested by Andrew S. Warner, of Pulaski, to whom scat was awarded), 1855; Orvillc Robinson, of Oswego (chosen speaker on the forty-seventh ballot), and Andrew S. Warner, of Pulaski, 1856 ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego, and Leonard Ames, of Mexico, 1857. By an act passed in 1857, 0.swego County was allotted three members of assembly, and the supervisors appor- tioned the districts as follows : First, Oswego city and town, Hannibal and Scriba ; second, Constantia, Granby, Hastings, Palermo, Schroeppel, Volney, West Monroe ; third, Albion, Amboy, Boylston, Mexico, New Haven, Orwell, Parish, Redfield, Richland, Sandy Creek. William Baldwin, of Oswego, John J. Wolcott, of Ful- ton, and Chauncey S. Sage, of Williamstown, represented the three districts, respectively, in 1858. De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego (elected speaker), James J. Colt, of Hastings, and Beman Brockway, of Pu- laski, 1859 ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego (re-elected speaker), William H. Carter, of Hastings, and Robert S. Kelsey, of New Haven, 18G() ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego (re-elected speaker), Richard K. Sanfbrd, of Ful- ton, and Mason Salisbury, of Sandy Creek, 1861 ; Elias Hoot, of Oswego, Willard John.son, of Fulton, and Benja- min E. Bowen, of Mexico, 1862 ; Abner C. Mattoon, of Oswego, Hiram W. Looniis, of Palermo, and Harvey Palmer, of Parish, 18G3 and 1864 ; Elias Root, of Oswego, Richard K. Sanford, of Fulton, and Avery W. Severauce, of New Haven, 1865 ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego, William H. Rice, of Hastings, and John Parker, of Orwell, 1866 ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego, William H. Rice, of Hastings, and Charles McKinney, of Redfield, 1867; John A. Place, of Oswego, James D. Lasher, of Fulton, and Alvin R. Richardson, of Mexico, 1868; Benjamin Doolittle, of Oswego, James D. Lasher, of Fulton, and Nathan B. Smith, of Pulaski, 1869; De Witt C. Little- john, of Oswego, Abraham Howe, of Fulton, and John Parker, of Orwell, 1870 ; De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Os- wego, Abraham Howe, of Fulton, and Chauncey S. Sage, of Williamstown, 1871 ; Daniel G. Fort, of Oswego, Thos. W. Green, of Coughdenoy, and Chauncey S. Sage, of Wil- liamstown, 1872 ; Daniel G. Fort, of Oswego, Willard Johnson, of Fulton, and Justin L. Bulkley, of Sandy Creek, 1873 ; George B. Sloan, of Oswego, Willard John- son, of Fulton, and Justin L. Bulkley, of Sandy Creek, 1874 ; Alanson S. Page, of Oswego, Willard Johnson, of Fulton, and Henry J. Daggett, of New Haven, 1875 ; (icorge B. Sloan, of Oswego, Thos. W. Green, of Hastings, and John Preston, of Pulaski, 1876 ; George B. Sloan, of Oswego (elected speaker), George M. Case, of Fulton, and De Witt C. Peck, of Mexico, 1877. K>uj>eioiteii(lenls and Coiiiniissioiicrs of Schools. — By a law passed in the spring of 1843, each board of supervisors was authorized to appoint one or two county supei-intond- ents of schools. Dr. Otis W. Randall, of Granby, was appointed for tlie western district of Oswego, and D. P- Tallmage, of Pulaski, for the eastern. In 1845 the districts were consolidated, and Randall was re-appointcd. Resigned, Baker, of Orwell, appointed. Law repealed in and — 1847. By a law passed in the .spring of 1856 the office of com- missioner of common schools was created. The first incum- bents were to be appointed by the supervisors, and to hold till December 31, 1857, when commissioners were to be elected by the people for terms of three years. That part of Oswego County outside the city was divided into two districts, the first comprising Oswego town, Hannibal, Granby, Scriba, Volney, Schroeppel, Palermo, New Haven, and Hastings ; the second comprising the rest of the county. Rev. Theodore M. Bishop, of Fulton, was appointed the first commissioner of the first district. He resigned the last of 1856, and John A. Place, of Fulton, was appointed, holding during 1857. Hiram W. Loomis, of Palermo, was elected in the fall of 1857, entering on the office January 1, 1858. James W. Fenton, of Pulaski, was appointed the first commissioner of the second district. George F. Woodbury, of Orwell, was elected in the autumn of 1857, entering on the office January 1, 1858. In the autumn of 1858 the supervisors re-organized the county into three districts : Oswego town, Hannibal, Gran- by, Scriba, Volney, and New Haven, comprising the first di.strict ; Schroeppel, Palermo. Ha.stings, West Monroe, Constantia, Amboy, and Parish, the second ; and the rest of the county the third. This threw Mr. Loomis into the second district, of which he continued to act as commis- sioner, Mr. Woodbury remaining in charge of the third. John A. Place was appointed commissioner of the first dis- trict, holding under the appointment till January 1, 1860. In the fall of 1859 he was elected to serve out the remain- der of the term, which was held to expire with the others, December 31, 1860, and was then re-elected. Since then the districts have remained the same, and the commissioners have succeeded each other with more regularity than before. They have been as follows, with times of entering on office : First District. — John A. Place, of Fulton, January 1, 1861. James W. Parkhurst, of Scriba, January 1, liS64. After .serving a short time, Mr. Parkhurst resigned, and went into the army. Lemuel P. Storms, of Fulton, elected, and served remainder of term. David D. Metcalf, of Han- nibal, January 1, 1867; re-elected. Isaac W. Marsh, of Granby, January 1, 1873. Robert Simpson, Jr., of Han- nibal, January 1, 1876. Second District. — Elias A. Fish, of Schroeppel, January 1, 1861. Resigned, after serving about a year, and went into the army. Willis G. Chaffee, of Palermo, served re- mainder of term. Newton W. Nutting, of Parish, Janu- ary 1, 1864. Amos J. Richardson, of Palermo, January 1, 1867. Byron G. Clapp, of Schroeppel, January 1, 1870. William B. Howard, of Schroeppel, January 1, 1873. Fowler H. Berry, of Amboy, January 1, 1876. Third District. — George F. Woodbury, re-elected, enter- ing on .second term, Januai-y 1, 1861. William S. Goodell, of Mexico, January 1, 1864. Orville A. Fobes, of Pulaski, January 1, 1867. George F. Woodbury, of Orwell, Janu- ary 1, 1870. John W. Ladd, of Mexico, January 1, 1873. Re-elected. OSWEGO CITY. The early history of the military post at Oswego was so closoly iiitorwovon with that of tlu- northern fninticr that it has been given at lull length in the general history of the county. The history of modern Oswego begins with the surrender of Fort Ontario by the IJrili.'^h, wbich oct-urred on the 14th day of July, ITl'tJ. John Love and Ziba Phillips were cither here when the British left or came im- mediately afterwards. Liltli' is known of tbcni, exoojit that they were engaged in the Indian trade. I'biilips left in a short time, but an individual named John Love was here six years later. He was evidently an obseurc person, how- ever, as no mention is made of bini by the early .«ettlers, except in a single instance. In this year (1V96) that part of the present city east of Oswego river was in the town of Mexieo, Herkimer county, while the portion west of the river was in the town of Lysan- der, Onondaga county. The main parts of the city on both sides of the river were in the State reservation, intended to be a mile square, which had been provided fi)r by law while the place was still in the hands of the Briti.sh. The outer portion on the west side was in the survey-township of Han- nibal, of the Military tract (the political town of Hannibal was not yet in existencej, while the similar portion on the ciist side was in the two survey-townships of Fredericks- burg and Oswego, of Scriba's patent. The distinction be- tween survey-townships and political towns must be con- stantly kept in mind by any one who wishes to have a clear idea of the changes of those early days. That same sciison Neil McMullin, a merchant, of Kings- ton, New York, determined to take up his abode at Oswego, where he had previously been on business. Anxious to provide for his family comfortably, he had the frame of a small house constructed at Kingston,/and brought it through, with bis family, over the long, tedious route by way of the Mohawk river. Wood creek, Oneida lake, and Oswego river, .so often tnivei-sed by English soldiers and ])utch fur-tradei-s. On their arrival the house was erected on the west side, near the river-bank, in the centre of the ground afterwards occupied by Seneca street. This was the fiisl framed house in the |(lace, and McMullin's was the first family here, after the military occupation ceased, of which there is any account, though Phillips or Love may pos.sibly have bad one. Mr. JIcMullin opened a trade with the Indians, which was the only mercantile business possible here at that time. That same season came Cu|)taiti Kdward O'Connor, an Irishman of good education and pleasing mannei-s, who had fought for freer of 17S3 (described in the 13G general hi.story). He and his family occupied a log house at first, but, being fearful of the terrible winters which pre- vailed here, removed them to the little settlement at Salt Point, now Synicu-se, to remain during the cold weather. His d.iughter, afterwards Mrs. Alvin Bronson, Wiis born there in the early j)art of 1797. It is probable the captain taught school at Salt Point that winter, as he certaiidy did in subsoquent years. If Mr. McMullin's family reniaiiii'd at Oswego, which is not certain, they must have been sub- stantially alone. At the session of the legislature in 1797 an act was pits-sed directing the surveyor-general U) lay out a hundred acres on the west side of the Oswego river at its mouth, so as to iijrm a public S()uare or market-place at the most convenient point. Lots for public buildings were to be reserved on the square. House lots to be sixty-six feet front by two hundred feet deep. The principal streets were to be a hundred feet wide, and cros.s-street.s sixty, and a map of the survey was to be deposited in the .surveyor- general's office. The lots were directed to be sold at auction, but the governor was authorized to reserve for public pur- poses any that he .saw fit. It was further enacted that the town so laid out should be " called forever thereafter by the name of Oswego." The locality was spoken of in the law .as being in the town of Lysander and county of Oiiondag.i. That part of the present city on the east side of the river, it will be re- membered by the reader of the general hi.story, was then in the town of .Mexico and county of Herkimer. The new village w:us laid out, in accordance with the law, during the suuuuer of 1797, under the direction of Surveyor-General Simeon De Witt, by Boujamin Wright, the surveyor of Scriba's patent. The plat ran from the river west nearly to the line of Military lot No. 6, now known as the Van Buret) tract, and from the lake southward to the neighborhood of Oneida street. The streets running north and south were named — as now — "First," "Second," "Third," " Fourth," etc., but those running east and west received entirely different appellations from those they now be;ir. Surveyor-General De Witt was as chtssical in regard to Oswego's streets as he or the land-commissioners had been respecting the townships of the Military tract, and the constellations of the heavens were utilized an freely as the heroes of Greece and Home had been. Only nine street;! were named at the time in question, but the number of appellations txiken fVom the celestial .sphere was afterwards increased to fifteen. To promote the clearness of subse- quent history we will give the whole number here. The iiorlheriimost street laid out in 1797 was Aquila, a very short one, which w;is nearly an eastward extension of mi^TWwmB^^'^vm i 4 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK, 137 Bronson street, running through to the river, but is now closed up. As extended to the e;Lst side it is now culled Mercer street. On the east side, al.so, still north of" A(|uihi, were afterwards laid Auriga street, now De Witt, and Orion street, now Mercer. South of Aquila street the ancient and modern names are as follows: Lyra street, now Van Buren ; Aries street, now Schuyler ; Taurus street, now Seneca ; Gemini street, now Cayuga ; Cancer street, now Bridge; Leo street, now Oneida; Virgo street, now Mo- hawk ; Libra street, now Utica ; Scorpio street, now Albany ; Sagittarius street, now Erie ; Capricornus street, now Ni- agara ; Aquarius street, now Ohio. Certainly it was not Simeon De Witt's fault that Oswego did not become a celes- tial city. The two blocks now occupied by the public square were re- served, in 1797, for that purpose, together with the next one to the east. The three blocks north of these, — Nos. 8, 9, and 10, — bounded by Third and Sixth streets, and by Taurus and Aries (now Seneca and Schuyler streets), were reserved for public buildings, while the ground between Third and Sixth streets, northward from Aries (Schuyler) to the lake, — being blocks one to six inclusive, — was set apart for a cemetery. The street-lines of the embryo city were marked by blazed trees, for — except where MciMullin and Connor had made little clearings to set their houses — the grouud on the west side as far up as Ohio street was covered with woods. It was mostly second growth, however, as the original forest had all been cleared off (except a few scattering trees) during the early period before 1756, when large garrisons were stationed on the west side of the river. There was a similar clearing on the east side, but more recent, it having been made after the establishment of Fort Ontario, in 1755. On that side, too, a large tract in the vicinity of tlie fort had been entirely cleared, and had been used as garden and grass-ground from the advent of " Duncan of Lundie " in 1760. There were numerous oaks, maples, etc., on both sides, but the principal growth was of chest- nuts. If any new settlers came to Oswego in 1797, their names have escaped record. There were five or six more families came between that year and 1802, but the precise time of tlieir respective arrivals is unknown. It is pre- sumed, however, that two or three of them came in 1797 or the spring of 1798, for long ago the oldest inhabitants used to assert that in 1798 Miss Artemisia Waterhouse, of rult-«■( lih. ;iiii1 reluriicil tlio saiiiu way lie went. But ill .^uiiiiiicr biisiiiL'.sii was evcD ihcii (|iiitc livi-ly. Archibald Kairfiold i; the (►swi'iro fleet u|i tn the iiiimlx;r of tlirec. With thcs<: lie cii-raged in furwarding }^M>d8 and stores to tlie Niagara, whence they were Uiken up the lakes. Cap- tain Ha>nnissi'n and Captain Ford, bnth masters of vessels on the lake, came about this time but tlic exact year is unknown. In May, 18(12, we come to the tir.«t delinile iiilbrmation repirding the ])ro;.'res.s of O.swe-io since itis tbundation. Al- thou,>:h informed by McMullin that he would starve there, Daniel Hurt had not triven uji tln> idea of sottlinj: at Os- wego. His SOILS, Calvin Uradiier Hurt and Jotrl Hurt, went to Ovid, Seneca county, in the fall of 1801, and the next year, in company with a young lawyer named Haird, they made their way down Cayuga lake and Seneca and O.swego rivers in a skiff to Oswego, and took up their f|uarters at Peter Sharpe's tavern. At that time, as stated by 5Ir, Bradner Hurt in his reminiscences, published long after- wards, there Were but six familiis living in Oswego, — tlio.se of I'eter Sharpe, Archibald Fairfield, John Ijovc, Edward O'Connor, Augustus Ford, and Captain Rasmu.ssen. Wil- liam Vaughan was still unmarried, and McMullin's family was perhajis temporarily absent. There were also a few unmarried lake-sailors and river-boatmen who made their heaili|uarters here. There were no stores, but ut least two taverns. Y'oung lawyer Hainl thought there was not nuuh of an opening here for legal talent, and left. Joel Hurt also wont back to Orange county for the sea.son. After a short ab- sence Hradncr Hurt returned in September, and began the erection of the first saw-mill in Oswego. It was on the site of the " old red mill," and nearly on that of the present Exchange mills. When the timbci's were ready young Hurt sent out to Rice's and up to O.swego Falls to invite help, and all responded with great willingness. But when every man within reachable distance was mustered, there were but twelve, and it was only by the mo.st strenuous ex- ertions and the use of tackles that they were able to get the timbers into jilaco. After the mill was finished Mr. Hurt again returned to Orange county. Tliat same year Matthew McNair, a native of Paisley, Scotland, made his waj' to Oswego and began a residence there which terminated only with his death in extreme old age. He has stated that but two of the few residences he found here in 1802 were frames. Besides these there was a warehou.se built here that same .season by Heijajah Hying- ton, of Salt Point. Early in the spring of 1803 young Bradner Burt made his way to Rome, and thence on foot to Oswego, stopping in Mexico to dance all night in a house where the young men had to bow low to escape the joists which suiiporled the chamber floor. When he arrived at Fort Ontario he found the whole garrison out under arms. It consisted of a .sergeant and two men. Proceeding to the river-bank, he culled for a boat to take him across. One was immediately sent, and while it was cro.'^sing the whole population of the eiiy. iiH'n, women, and children, turned out and came down to the West bank of the river to welcome him. If he had been the long-lo.st brother of every one of them, with straw- berry-marks all over him, he could not have Wen more warmly greeted. Eager hands were stretched out to him from every side the moment he touched the shore, and happiness beamed on every countenance. And why this excess of joy over the return of a com- jiarative stranger, not related to any of the citizt^ns? Sim- ply beciiise he was the first arrival of the seaser, 1806. She then received the name of Nuncy Hugunin, being the youngest daughter of Daniel Huguiiin, Sr., but is now better known as Mrs. (joodell. Early in 1807, Mr. Wentworth returned, in accordance with his previous arrangement, and bought out Fairfield, the latter soon after moving to Saekett's Harbor. He was one of the first citizens of the place while he lived here, and an incident related by Captain Tyler would tend to show that the first citizens regaled themselves with food which would hardly be acceptable to those of similar posi- tion now. Just before Fairfield left., little Joel went with his mother, who was paying an afternoon visit to Mrs. F. Scarcely were they seated when the child's curious eyes discovered something hanging from a joist, which to his eye appeared to be a baby denuded of its skin. " Oh ! oh !" exclaimed the terror-.strieken boy, " what you going to do with that baby?" pointing to the object which had caused his excitement. " Why," replied Mi-s. Fairchild, laughing, " we are going to eat it, of course." "Oh, ma! take nie home! take me home!" pleaded the frightened child, who felt that if they had got to eating babies at that house they might soon have an jijipetite for four-year-old boys. His mother pacified him, but through- out his stay be ea.st many a wary glance at the object which had arou.sed his jiity and his fears. He afterwards learned that it w.ia a porcupine, dressed and prepared for eating. At present a good many would about as soon think of eating a baby as a hedge-hog. Mr. Wenlworlh succeeded to Fairfield's fonvarding busi- ness. Though bred to mercantile pursuits, he was an artist of much ability, and in after-years was in great request as a portrait-]iaiiiter in the ejislern cities. He was also the producer of many more elaborate works, some of which are still in the possession of his son. He was the first devotee of the fine arts who nuide his home in Oswego, and should the lovers of those arts ever dedicate a gallery in their honor, his portrait would be entitled to especial prominence. The reminiscences of early settlers that have been pub- lished make no mention of any religious services iu Oswego until ISOT, but in all probability there were such services held there before that time. Next to Dr. Caldwell, the first physician who settled within the present limits of Oswego was Dr. Deodatus Clarke. His ]K)int of location, liowever, was then nearly two miles from the village, being on a farm adjoining the present eastern boundary of the city, or rather in the forest, where he made a farm. Among his numerous children was Edwin W. Clarke, then six years of age, afterwards an able member of the O.swego bar, and still surviving in an honored old age. From his father's new liousc to the house of Daniel Burt, Sr., at the corner of West Seiieea and First streets, all was a dense forest, tliough partly of second growth. After erecting a log house. Dr. Clarke was unable to procure shingles for the roof. He paid two dollars per thousand fur drawing boards for that |)urpose from the river-side. 'J'be transportation was accomplished on an oX'Sled in midsummer, about a hundred and fifty feet being drawn at a time. There were then about fourteen families on the west side of the river, the hou.ses being partly log and partly frame. A log causeway facilitated travel along the road in front of the site of the st^ircli-faetory, and a rude ferry, on the line of Taurus ( Seneca) street, served a similar purjiose for those who wished to cross the stream. Near this time the ferry was transferred from Mr. Burt to Mr. Tyler, who liought the house originally erected by McMuliin, but which had pa.s.sed into the hands of Captain Ra.smussen. Rude indeed would now si'cm the little frontier village, with its six or eight log houses and a similar nund)er of frame ones ; with its one diminutive store, its two or three taverns and barn-like warehouses; but to thosi' who were children then it appears almost another Eden. Mrs. Grant, especially, grows as enthusiastic over the charms of Oswego seventy years ago as her name-sake, the celebratwl authore.s.M, was over the spring-time delights of the same locality half a century earlier. " Ah !" exclaims the old lady, her memory reviving as she dwells on the beloved theme, her imagination kindling, and her language taking on the glow of youth, " those were happy days! How beautiful everything was! How beautiful ! The trees were si> green ! the air was .so fresh! the lake was so sparkling I wild-flowers bhiomcd at every step. All kinds of berries and nuts abounded. The old fort-ground was covered with strawberries. Cranberries were thick along the river-shore. Beech-nuts, hickory-nuts, and especially chestnuts, could be gathered by the bushel. Wild ])lums were equally abundant. Game was plentiful beyond conee])tion ; any man with a rifle could obtain it, and the Indians brought it iu to sell for next to nothing. A saddle of venison could be bought for twenty-five cents. And the salmon ! what great shoals of them went up the river I Thousands at a time I their fins breaking above the surface of the water, and flashing like floating silver in the suidight ! There was no need of doctors then ; everybody was healthy. There used to be two or three years at a time without a funeral. There were no lawyers then, and no need of them ; everybody was honest. Ah ! what happy times! what a beautiful, beautiful country!" Once in three or lour inonibs an itinerant preacher would RESIDENCE OF THOMAS KINGSFORD West First Street, between Utica and Mohawk Streets, Oswego, New York. RESIDENCE OF THOMSON KINGSFORD Corner of West Third and Oneida Streets, Oswego, New York. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 141 come along, and then notice would be given out of a meet- ing on Sunday at the school-house. As the hour for ser- vice approached a horn would be blown at the school-house door to notify the villagers, and when the appointed time was re iched, the same primitive sounds again rang out upon the morning air. The pioneers set great store by the bap- tism of the young ; all being anxious that their children should receive the benefit of that rite, though they were not all of them ver}' particular regarding the language used towards. the holy man who administered it. On one occa- sion an itinerant had preached on a week-day evening, and was about to move on, when he was requested to stay over Sunday and baptize some children. He was directed to one person who was aspecially an.xious to have the rite per- formed. The preacher found tiie individual at work near the river, and was at once accosted by him : " Well, parson, are you going to stay over Sunday and bajitizo our children ?" " Well," replied the minister, " I hardly know. I should be glad to do so, but it will break in on my arrangements very seriously." " Well now, parson, you must stay !" exclaimed the en- thusiastic parent. " I have got two children that want bap- tizing bad; Mr. has another, Mr. has three more, and I know we can pick up two or three others, and, take it all together, you can make a d good job of it." It is not recorded whether the reverend gentleman took the job or not. The event of 1808, at Oswego, was the building of the brig " Oneida" by Henry Eckford, under the superintend- ence of Lieutenant Woolsey, of which mention was made in the general history. Henry Eagle, a native of Prussia, and long a well-known resident of Oswego, first came to that place in the year last named, and helped to build the " Oneida." The next spring the new brig was launched. When ready for sea, it was taken out of the harbor and its armament was put on board. When this had been done, it w:ls found that the " Oneida" could not return over the bar. It was never inside the harbor again. The firm of McNair & Co. built a fine schooner of eighty tons this year. Building began to increase on land, too, as well as on the water. Messrs. Forman & Brackett erected a small grist-mill and saw-mill. I The grist-mill was the first in Oswego, and the saw-mill was second only to that of Bradner Burt, built in 1802. By this time immigration was increasing with coni?ider- I able rapidity ; many coming whose names have escaped [l research. Theophilus S. Morgan, long a very prominent resident of Oswego, was one of the new settlers. The next year (1810) there was a still larger immigra- tion, including several men of some note in the early annals of the frontier village. Of these the most prominent was Mr. Alvin Bronson, a young man only twenty-seven years old, although he had been in the mercantile business nine years, who settled at Oswego as the representative of the firm of Townsend, Bronson & Co., and began the construc- tion of a schooner with the men and tools he had brought with him from his former home in Connecticut. Besides the vessel, which, under the name of the " Charles and Ann," and subsequently of the " Governor Tompkins," has been mentioned at some length in the general history, Mr. Bronson soon erected a warehouse on the corner of West First and Cayuga streets, for the use of the firm, which was engaged largely in the forwarding business. They also kept a supply of general merchandise in one end of their warehouse. This wxs a custom with all the for- warders here, as it was considered that the business would not warrant separate mercantile establishments. Another new-comer of this period of some notoriety was " Colonel" Eli Parsons. He gained his military title as the second in command in the celebrated " Shay's rebellion," which broke out in Massachusetts in 1786. Parsons had served gallantly as a captain in the Massachasetts line in the Revolution, and excused his subsequent misconduct on the ground of the hardships to which he and his comrades were subjected when the depreciated paper-money in which they had been paid was found to be worthless to buy pro- visions or pay debts, or even to pay the taxes levied by the State government. As one of the leaders, he was excepted from the first amnesty granted to the main body of the insurgents after their defeat, and was obliged to escape to Canada, in which he only succeeded with great difliculty. After the final amnesty he returned and settled in Oswego, where he kept a tavern, and where he received a pension for his services in the Revolution. According to the recol- lections of the old settlers he was a jovial old fellow, well liked by his neighbors, fond of making quaint remarLs, and much more at home in keeping a tavern than in leading a rebellion. " How do all you people make a living here?" queried a stranger, who could not see that there was much business going on. " Well, sir," replied the old colonel, " in summer we live by skinning strangers; in winter by skinning each other." On another occasion, when provision was scarce, the colonel was seen trudging up to his house with a remark- ably fine string of fish. " Bless me !" exclaimed a bystander, " what large fish ! How did you catch them, colonel ? What sort of bait did you use?" " The best of bait, — necessity," was the sententious reply of the veteran. Dr. Benjamin Coc, who settled here in 1810, was the next physician after Caldwell, and the first who had much practice. Dr. Walter Colton, who came shortly after, was a man of marked ability, and prominent not only in pro- fessional, but in social and political life. Edmund Hawks, who afterwards became a.ssociate judge of the common pleas, came in 1810, and established a tannery near the corner of West First and Cancer (Bridge) streets, the first institution of that kind in the village. His house was about where the Jefferson block now stands. The brothers Eli and Moses Stevens about the same time set up in business, the first as a shoemaker and the second as a hatter. The afterwards-celebrated author, James Fenimorc Cooper, was then a rollicking young mid- shipman on board the " Oneida," making frequent visits to Oswego, and being a hail-fellow with all its younger H2 HISTORY OF OSWE(iO COUiNTY, NEW YORK. jxipiiliilion. He is credited uiih the production of the fiilldwiii^ dihtich, dL'scrijitive of the occupulioiis of the two Stevens brothers : Cptiii MtJKps and Eli All llio |)eojilL> iiinv rely Fnr ii|)oe» Biiil for liatt thai will stnnd llic wiirsi wiallicr; WliHt with bitots and wirb felt TlifV nil! uee up tlio [it'll, And to two-lrpgrd i-aK-i'S ?cll Ibc quadruped's leather. Oil tlic 5th of April, 1811, the name of Frederieksburf^ was chaii>;ed to Voliiey, and on the saiuc day the town of Scriba was tukuii off. Thus the territory of llie present city was diviilcd between Seriba, in Oneida county, and liiinnibal, in Onondaga county. It is iiard to realize, in these days of compact organizti- tion and swift police, that fiHy odd years ago the two parts of Oswego were separated by a jurisdictional line which was almost ini}>a.ssable. Young Joel Tyler, though only iiiiio years old, was now intrusted with the management of the ferry, while iiis father was out on the lake in command of the schooner " Eagle." When a pedestrian wanted to cross, the youngster could ]]Ut him over in a skiff, but when a horseman or a wagon came, the hired man was called from his work to manage the unwieldy scow. One day Joel heard from the Seriba side a halloo announcing that a foot- man wanted to cross the stream. The skiff being taken over, the passenger, who seemed to be in a great hurry, stepped in, and Joel turned liis prow westward. When he was about a third of the way across, a horseman came galloping up to the eastern shore, and shouted to the boy to return. " No, no ; go on," said the passenger. " Come back ! come back, I say !" yelled the man on shore. " Go ahead, go ahead," growled the fellow in the boat. " Come back, you young rascal, or I'll shoot you !" cried the pursuer, takitig a pistol from his holster. " I'ull for your life, you little devil, or I'll drown you !" exelainu'd the runaway, rolling up his .sleeves and preparing for instant action. Terrified beyond measure at these contradictory threats, the boy yet tliought that the nearest danger was the greatest, and bent to his oars with all his might. The sheriff, for sueh the pursuer wius, did not fire, the fugitive gained the Onondaga shore, plunged into the forest, and was out of reach long before the officer could get new papers to give him jurisdicli4>n in that county. William Dolloway, who came in 1811, was the first man who hail a store of much conse(|uenee, .separate from the furwarding business. It was near the corner of West First and Taurus (Bridge) streets, and the owner's residence, ju.st above the last street, was the farthest south of any house in the village. The nearest house above that point was one built by Mr. Wentworth for the use of the boat- men whom he employed, and which stood on lands still owned by the State, as was the case with all the land above Mohawk street. Long afterwards .Mr. Wentworth bought from the Slate the tract of land which he had improved, and his son now lives there. That son, by the way, who w;us Iporii in 181(1, is, so far as we can discover, the oldest male, and next to Mrs. Goodcll is the oldest person, iKirn in Oswego and now residing there. Just above Went Worth's house was the farmland resi- dence of Daniel Burt, Sr., to which he had removed allcr he gave up the ferry, and which was situated on military lot No. 7. The AVentwurth house was fitted up in ISll, and rented to Judge Nathan Sage, known a.s Captain Sage to the early settlers of Rcdticld, who came from that place to Oswego and was ap)Hiintrd collector of the port. His commission was dated June \-, 1811. Oswego being shut up by itself, with little communication with the rest of the world, many of the men, in default of other recreation, devoted a good deal of time to |)laying practical jokes on each other. Judge Sage was a some- what stately old gentleman, of fine ap|)carance and do- liberate movements, and the young fellows about town thought he would be a good subject for some of their pranks. Every morning lie was in the habit of setting forth from his residence, neatly dres.'sed, with a cane in his hand, and walking down to the foot of First street, where his office was situated. One morning, shortly after his appointment as collector, the judge was marehing with his usual deliberation down the road towards the village, but he had not gone far from his house when lie saw a young man of his acquaintance ajijiarently working by the roadsiile with an axe. ■' Good-morning, judge," sitid the a.xeman. " Good-morning, sir," politely responded the official. " Fine morning." " Very fine," said the judge. " But looks some like rain." " Yes, it does a little," and Mr. Sage started forward. Af\er he had gone a few yards the man called out, — " By the way, judge, " — the latter halted and turned around, — ''can you tell nie where young Stevens, the hatter, boards'?" " Well, no, I can't; he hasn't been here a great while, you know. I have had no e.xpecial business with him. I presume you can easily a-scertain, however." " I presume so," said the man, and the judge resumed his walk. Some forty rods farther down he met Dr. Coc, with a rifle on his shoulder and equipped for a hunting ex- cursion. " Good-morning, judge." " Good-morning, doctor. After the deer, eh '?" '' Well, yes; I thought I would try them a few hours," rejilied the young ^Eseulapius. '■ It's a fine day for sport," said the worthy collector, " if it doesn't rain. I wish you every success." "Thank you, judge ;" and the two men moved in opposite directions. " Ah, excuse me," exclaimed the doctor, after they were two or three rods apart, " there is a ijuestion I wanted to ask you, which I had almost forgotten. Can you tell mo where young Stevens, the hatter, boards '!" " Well, now, that's curious," said the judge, Inilting. " Mr. R., up here, a.sked me the .same i|uestion. What's the matter. Has Stevens been doing anything out dl' tin' way ?" '■ Oh, no, not at all," replied the doctor; " I happened lo HON. ALVIN BRONSON. The fortunes of this gentleman were for forty years so closely connected with those of Oswego County and city, and he is so often mentioned in other parts of this work, that all which is needful in this sketch is to give some per- sonal details, and advert to some circumstances not set forth in tlie general history. Alvin Bronson was born in Waterbury, Connecticut, May 19, 1783. After spending his boyhood on a farm, and his youth as a clerk, he became a merchant at the age of eighteen, and has been engaged in some department of the mercantile business ever since ; that is to say, during a period of seventy-six years ! After nine years of successful merchandising, during which he built two vessels and made several voyages by sea, Mr. Bronson came to Oswego in 1810, and engaged in the lake trade as one of the firm of Bronson, Townsend & Co. Of his connection with the early commerce of Oswego, and of the part he took in the war of 1812, sufiicient has been said in the general history of the county and city. In October. 1815, Mr. Bronson married Mary, the youngest daughter of Captain Edward O'Connor, also promi- nent in the early history of Oswego. By that lady, now decea.sed, he had one son and two daughters. After carry- ing on a large part of the commerce of the lakes for seven years after the war, the firm of Bronson, Townsend & Co. was dissolved in 1822. That year Mr. Bronson was elected to the State senate, and drew a term of two years. We have mentioned in the general history the exertions he made in behalf of the Oswego canal, and his connection with the celebrated " seventeen," of whom, and of the senate of that day, he is now the sole survivor ; the late Heman J. Redfield, who died a few weeks since, having been the last preceding one. Mr. Bronson was also conspicuous as an advocate of free-trade views, which were then very un- popular. In 1829 he was again elected to the senate, where he served four years as chairman of one of the most important committees, — that of finance. Many able reports written by him attest his ability, though he was never a seeker after popularity, and was frefiuently in a small minority. About 1830, Mr. Bronson went into partnership with the late Lemuel B. Crocker, in the forwarding business, and the firm of Bronson & Crocker continued for twenty-five years, weathering all the storms which at times swept over the commercial world. Mr. Bronson was the first president of the Oswego board of trade, in 1848. Since then he has confined himself mostly to his private business, though ho has occasionally found time to write an able article in aid of the commercial interests of the city of his clioice. The firm of Alvin Bronson &, Co. still exists, though Mr. Bron- son has gradually given up the management of its business to others, as well he may, considering that over ninety-four years have passed over the head of this honored patriarch of Oswego. SVLVESTEll DOOLITTLK was born at Whitestown, now Whitesboro', Oneida county, State of New York, on the 11th of January, 1800. His parents were from Connecticut. He learned the business of ship-carpeiitor at Sodus Point, Wayne county, New York. In 1822 he removed to Roche.sler, and tliere built the first boat that went through the canal to Albany. Fniin there he removed to Utica, and was engaged in building ]iac'kets for the Erie canal before the railroads were con- structed. Here he built and took to New York the first lake-boat ever made, and laid the foundation of the through freight trade by canal-boats to that city. After the railroads were built and the packet business destroyed, through the in- flucDcc of Abram Varick, Mr. Doolittle removed to Oswego, New York, in the fall of ISIiG. Here he built three or four vessels and imjiroved the carrying capacity of the lake craft. Having learned of the mw invention of Mr. Ericsson, in ada])ting the screw to the jinipulsion of vessels, and because side-wheel steamers could not go through the Welland canal, Mr. D. constructed, by the consent of Mr. Ericsson, the first screw propeller ever used for transportation of freight and passengers, thus establishing the feasibility of the screw as a motive power in marine architecture. He also built one of the first large mills in Oswego, introducing many improvements in handling grain and making flour, assisting by these improvements the reputation of the Os- wego mills and character of the flour manufactured at that place. Having given up ship-building, he engaged in the busi- ness of forwarding from New York to the west, and in milling. About this time he built the block known as the Doolittle block, and Doolittle hall, the chief place for exhi- bitions ill the city. While engaged in deepening the chan- nel of the river a mineral sjiriiig was discovered boiling up through the rock on the then dry bottom of the river. He traced the stream inshore on his property, and after a large expense, with much labor, he secured what is now known as the Deep Rock spring. Over this he built the Doolittle House, one of the largest and handsomest hotels in western New York. In the year 1829 Mr. Doolittle married Miss Catherine Gould, of Utica, daughter of Samuel Gould, Esq. There was no issue from this marriage. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 143 think that I didn't know where he boarded, and I didn't know but you did." " Well, no, I don't," said tlio old j;ontlenian. " He hasn't been here but a little while, you know, and I have had no particular bu.siiie!5s with him. I presume, however, you will have no diffieulty in ascertaining his place of abode." " Oil, certainly not ; excuse my troubling you. Good- uiorning, judge." " No trouble at all; good-raorning;" and the two men went on their separate ways, the judge wondering as he walked at the sudden interest manifested in " young Stevens, tlie hatter." Sixty rods farther along he saw another young man, just turning off from the road towards the river, with a fish-pole in his hand. " Good-morning, judge. ' " Good-morning," responded Sage ; " the fish are bound to suffer now, I suppose." " Well, yes, I think it is a pretty good day for fishing; and if it should rain a little it would do no hurt. By the by, judge," hastily continued the speaker, stepping back a few paces out of the underbrush, " do you happen to know the boarding-place of young Stevens, the hatter?" A light suddenly broke on the mind of the puzzled official. " You infernal rascal !" he roared, shaking his cane at the offender, " if I liad you here I would teach you to play your jokes on a man of my age and position. This is all that ra.seal Goes work. I know him ; I'd like to break this cane over his head." And the judge strode rapidly towards the village, muttering anathemas on all the impertinent young scamp,< in Oswego, and especially on Dr. Coe, whom he rightly concluded to be the chief engineer of this elabo- rate jest. He was just entering the village when a steady-going old ship-captain came out of his house, who was in a quandary as to the pi'oper action to be taken regarding some goods which he was about to ship. " trood-morning, judge," he exclaimed at sight of the col- lector, " glad to see you ; I wanted to ask you a question. Can you tell me " " Oh, you're another of the scoundrels, are you ?" shrieked the judge, his anger now at white heat, hurling his cane at the astoni.shed son of Neptune, and then rushing towards him with clenched fists, while the latter hastily beat a retreat within his domicile. " I'll teach you to impose on me in this way. I'll break your rascally head for you, if I have to wait half a day for you to come out." It was only through the intervention of his wife that the seaman finally made it manifest that /lis question was a legitimate one, and iiad nothing to do with the whereabouts of ''young Stevens, the hatter." For many weeks the conspirators, and especially Dr Coe, wisely kept out of reach of the judge's cane, but at length his wrath was placated, being only occasionally renewed when some saucy boy would in(|uire, in his hearing, of a comrade, if the latter could tell where " young Stevens, the hatter, took his meals." Time passed on, and even the boys ceased to bother the judge. The war of 1812, with its years of excitement and terror, blotted from most men's minds the niemorv of less important events. Some time after its close the people of Oswego, still debarred from the more exciting kinds of amusement, determined on a grand concert, to be held one winter afternoon and evening at the school-house, to which the people from all the country round should be invited. A good leader was provided, and all the best singers of the vicinity were duly drilled in the good old tunes of those early daj'S. No one entered more heartily into the project than Dr. Coe, then a rising physician, with an interesting family. Tlio.se of the country people who had acquaintances in the village generally received invitations to pa.s.s the night with some friendly family. Deacon Mann, however, who had lately settled on the river, several miles up, was almost entirely un- acquainted in Oswego. Two or three days before the con- cert he received a polite note from Dr. Coe, whom he had never met, saying that he, the doctor, was aware that the deacon was a stranger in Oswego, and might be embariussed in finding accommodations on the night of the concert. He was, however, continued the note, well known to the writer by reputation, and the latter, therefore, took the liberty of inviting Mr. and Mrs. Mann and family to make their home at his house the day and evening of the concert ; com- ing to dinner and staying overnight. The worthy deacon was well pleased with this courte-sy, and on the appointed day hitched his oxen to his sled, took his family on board, drove down to Oswego, and stopped at Dr. Coe's house. Making himself known to the doctor, he said, — ■ " I received your letter, doctor, and am very glad to avail myself of it, and very much obliged to you for your kind- ness." " My letter ?" queried the surprised physician. " AVliy, yes," replied the deacon ; " the letter you sent inviting us to stay with you to-day and to-night and attend the concert." The doctor saw at once that a fraud had been perpetrated, but was polite enough to conceal the fact. " Oh, yes, certainly," he said, " you refer to that letter ; I was thinking of something else. Come right in and make yourselves at home." This invitation was duly honored ; the deacon and his family attended the concert, and the next morning left for home, highly pleased with the doctor's hospitality. Then the latter began figuring to find out who had " put up the job'' on him. As there was only a weekly mail, and there had been none up the river for several days, he knew that the letter had been sent by hand, and before the deacon left his host ascertained who delivered the mis,sive to him. Immediately after the departure of his guests, the doctor sought out the person named, who was a well- known resident of Oswego, and began his investigations. " Did you deliver a letter to Deacon Maun, up the river, two or three days ago ?" " A letter to Deacon Mann ?' queried the individual ad- dressed, a.ssuming a thoughtful exprassion ; " let me see; I havi! been so busy about this concert that I hardly recollect , but it seems to me I did give the deacon a letter, — ^yes, I am .sure I did." " Who gave it to you ?" The man scratched his head and tbou^dil and hum' d Ill HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NKW YOllK. and lia'tl a long time, but finally roiide up liis mind that Mr. B. was tlie pcrwin wlio had given him the cjiistle in (juestiun. Dr. ("(le hied lo Mr. li., and repeated his inter- rogatory. The latter had alst> great diffieulty in recolleetiiig tlie cireumstanee, but iinally brought it to mind, and wa.s sure that Cajitain C. had given him the letter. Captain C, after the due aninniit of head-scratehiiig and hard think- ing, remembered that Sjuire I>. had handed him the mis.-ive, giving at the same time a jilausible reason for not delivering it himself. Thus the doctor was sent to some half-dozen of the principal residents of the village, and last of all to Judge Sage. " Now," said Coe to hini.sclf, '• I shall know the facts in this business ; the judge is a straightforward old fellow, and will tell what he knows without any fuss."' Arriving at Sage's office, he put his (piestion without any preliminaries. '• A letter to Deacon Mann '!" ijueried the old gentleman, Ecratehing his head and rolling his eyes ; " why, yes, it seems to me I gave such a letter to Mr. G. about Wednesday or Thursday, — yes, I am quite sure I did." "Well, where did you get it?' snapped the doctor, by this tiuic thoroughly out of patience. " H'm ; now, really, Doctor Coe, I don't know where I did get that letli'r; but, now I think of it, there is a (piestion I would like to ask you : can you tell me where young Stevens, the hatter, boards'/" The doctor had a sudden illumination from "the light of other days;" he ]ierceivcd that the persons of slow recollec- tion, whom he had been hnnliiig up and (|ue.stioning during the better ]iart of a winter day, had all had their cue, and he returned with rapid footsteps to the seclusion of his own domicile. To return to Oswego before the war. At this time Water street was a mere lane, which did not go south of (iemini (Cayuga) street. It was kept open without legal authority, by general consent, and after twenty years' use attained the dignity of a public highway, being finally opened through as far as Oneida street. There was a bluff near the river below Cancer ( Bridge) street as well as above it, and back of the bluff was a hollow. Near where the Normal-school boarding-house now is there was frecpiently (|uite a little pond of water, which the boys used for sliding and skating. ( )ne of (lie )nost soridwfnl events of early days in Oswego happened in 1811. Captain Samuel B. Morrow had a log house near " Baldwin's bay," a long way out of the village, but within the line of the ])resent corpuration. While the ea]itain was out oti the hike, in command of his vessel, his house caught fire and three young children perished in the flames. This sad episode of peaceful lite was not surpassed in tragic interest by aught that occurred duringthe war of two years and a half, which was declared on the 18th of June, 1812. The main events of that war relating to Oswego County have been narrated in the general county history, and all that remain for mention in this sketch arc a few local incidents of comparatively slight importance. Several citizens of Oswego took a prominent part in the conflict, besides those who from time to time served in the militia. Maniel llugunin, Jr., was a lieutenant in the regular army, taking part in the battles on the Niagara frontier. Rolx^rt Hugunin was a pilot through the war, on one of Commodore Chaunccy's vessels. Dr. Walter (,'olton was a surgeon in the army. Peter D. Hugunin was a paynuister. The fear of Indian invaders handed down from Ilevohi- tionary times lay heavy on all the inhabitants of the north- ern frontier. Mrs. Grant, then Mary Hugunin, relates that more than once she and her sister-in-law, Mrs. Peter D. Hugunin, who had a pair of twins, sprang up in the night on an alarm being raised ; each seized one of the twins and fled, but returned when the alarm was found to be a false one, as was genenilly the cas*r. Mary, then a young woman, kept house for her father arid younger brothers in Oswego during a part of the war, while the rest of the family were sent away. Eli Parsons, Jr., a son of the old colonel, owned and navigated a small oj)en boat on the river. On one occasion, when no better means could Ijc found, he undertook to carry a boat-load of cannon-balls from Oswego toSackett's Harbor. But rough weather assailed him on the way, the boat with its heavy freight went to the bottom, and the remains of the unliirtunate man were washed ashore near the mouth of Little Salmon creek. In the spring of 1813 there rode on horseback into OswciTf) a midshipman in the I'nilcd States navy, bearing dispatches from Sackett's Harbor, which were forwarded to Commodore Chaunecy, then at the head of the lake. The bearer, a native of Baltimore, had already reached the age of thirty -five years. He had thrice looked upon the .stately form of Washington, had seen him the last lime he reviewed a body of troops, had witnessed the lading of the corner-stone ol' the national capitol, had pa.sscd through various financial vicissitudes in early life, had served under Commodore Bodgers and the lamented I^iiwri-nce, had con- versed with the gallant Decatur, and having twenty years later become a citizen of Oswego, still survives, a resident here, though in December of this year, 1877, he will reach the age of a hundred years, rounding out a century which began only eighteen months after the birth of the K(']>nblie. 5Iost citizens of Oswego will be aware that we refer to the venerable John M. Jacobs. His business here in 1813 was not important, yet it seemed ]iroper to notiei' the ap- pearance at this .stage of one who maintains his hold upon life with so tenacious a grasj), and the sight of whom carries the mind of the most unimaginative man back to the earliest days of our national e.\ist<'nce.' Among the reminiscences furnished to the Oswego J'al- fadiiim during the centenary year by a .son of Dr. Walter Colton, now resident in (Jliio, was one which we insert in almost the language of the writer. Many accidents hap- pened in early times when vessels were piLs-sing into or out of the harbor. Lieutenant (afterwards CommoJore) Francis II. Gregory, of the navy, fre(|Uently scouted along the lake- shore during the war in a light-draught cutter called the " Black-Snake." When entering the harbor on one occa- sion a man fell overboard, was swept out by the current, and drowned. The body was soon after discovered on the east bar, when the gallant young ofticer dived to the bottom and brought it up. His boat, however, had drifted away, through the mismanagement of the crew, but the li.utenaiit I HISTOKY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOEK. 145 clung to the body, ami finally, by desperate exertions and witli gi-eat peril, succeeded in carrying it ashore. There was a military liospital on the beach near by, and some of the invalids were outside. They were, or thought they were, too feeble to help the lieutenant, who came very near drowning. The moment he got ashore he laid down the corpse he had rescued and went to throwing stones at the soldiers with all his might, cursing them roundly for sitting idle while he was likely to drown. They soon made their way within the shelter of the hospital. The most remarka- ble circumstance connected with the affair was that one of the sick soldiers in the hospital discovered the drowned man to be his brother, who had left home twenty years before and had never been heard from since. A few hours after Lieutenant Gregory had .shown such courage and humanity, the same passionate officer was en- gaged in flogging a sailor, for some breach of discipline, in the loft of Burt's warehouse. Several idle boys of the village, among whom was young Colton, crowded in to see the " fun." At this Gregory exploded again, and with a storm of curses rushed upon the intruders "cat" in hand. The boys tumbled head-over-hcels down an outside stair- way, while the future commodore shook his " cat" at them in fury, and then returned to finisli up the flogging, — a kind of punLshmeiit common enough at that time, but long since abolished by law. When the British attacked Oswego, in 1814, all the families left that could do so. Old Mr. Sheldon, knowing that Captain E. M. Tyler was out on the lake, came down with an ox-slcd and took the family out to his own resi- dence. As soon as they arrived he sent his own son and Joel Tyler back to bring some young cattle which were gi'azing on.the open grounds around the fort. Just as the boys had got the steers and heifeis started for home the first gun was fired from the fleet, and the ball came scream- ing and plunging close beside them. The cattle stuck up their tails and galloped off towards home, and the bo3's followed at almost equal speed. Even the tenors and troubles of war, however, did not prevent the making of an important movement towards the development of Oswego in 1814. A surveyor, named John llandail, was sent on by the surveyor-general to renieasure the State reservation on the east side of the river, and to lay off a hundred acres in streets and village lots. He was ordered simply to follow the law designating the bounds of the reserve, which directed that the southern boundary should begin a mile from the mouth of the river, and run thence a mile at right angles with the course of the stream. Randall, however, managed to make the dis- tances and angles materially different from tho.se established by Wright, encroaching scriou.sly on the adjoining farm lauds previously purchased. Anxiety was caused to the pur- cha.sers, and delegations were several times sent to Albany to obtain a restoration of the old line. Owing to a friendly feeling towards the aged surveyor-general, who.se proteg6 Randall was, no direct action was taken by the other State authorities, but by general consent Wright's line was al- lowed to pass as the correct one, and everybody conformed to it in making purcha.ses and sales. In laying off streets on the east side Mr. Randall pur- sued the same system that had been adopted on the west side. The .streets parallel with the river were named East First, East Second, East Third, etc., while Aries, Gemini, Taurus, and the other celestial avenues were extended across the stream to the east side of the new tract. Early the next year peace was declared, and the people at once began to occupy the lately-opened territory. Dr. Coe, T. S. Morgan, and William Dolloway built houses on the east side below Cayuga street. Others purchased lots and began clearing away the trees in preparation for the erection of buildings. By general consent the locality was called East Oswego, though it was legally only a portion of the town of Scriba. Here, as everywhere on the frontier, there was a heavy immigration immediately after the war, and Oswego rapidly emerged from its chrysalis condition, — so rapidly, in fact, that it will be impracticable henceforth to give the names of individual settlers to the extent we have hitherto done. In addition to the rapid improvement on the east side, after the war, buildings began to show themselves on the west side, at various points above Cancer (Bridge) street, which had previously been the southern boundary of civilization. One of the Hugunins, in 1815 or 181G, built a house, then considered something palatial, on Mohawk street, near the bank of the river, being tlie farthest south of any in the village. Immediately after the war, too. Judge Sage moved down from the Wentworth place and built him a residence on the site of the Doolittle House. Increasing prosperity made Oswego all the more anxious to become the county-seat of the new county which was proposed to be formed out of Oneida and Onondaga. The great difficulty was that the village was very near the west end of the large tract which it was designed to include in the new county boundaries, and which, from the location of counties already formed, could not well be materially changed. There was no doubt but that a large majority of the people of the proposed county were opposed to locating the county-seat so far on one side. Y^et the village had the advantage of being the only one of any consequence within the proposed limits, and had naturally more capital and brains to work with than any of its rivals. At that period it was custoiuary for the legislature, when it created a new county, to appoint three commissioners from other counties to select a county-seat. It was altogether probable that if an act forming Oswego County should be passed during the ensuing winter, the commis- sioners would select a more central location than Oswego village. Under these circumstances, Oswego and Pula.«ki — which was also an a.spirant for the honors and emolu- ments pertaining to a capital city — joined forces. Dr. Walter Colton drew up a bill containing a provision for two county-seats, and visited Albany to urge its pa.ssage. The principal inhabitants at both ends of the proposed county su])ported him, and the bill became a law on the IGth day of March, 1816. It provided for commissioners to locate the two county-scats, but no one could doubt that Oswego was the proper place at this end of the county, and the selection was soon made. The tonnage of the vessels belonging to the port at that time was five hundred and four tons. The new county- 1-16 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. seat had not yet arrived at the dijrnily of a stage line. The uiuil was still brought from OiioiiJaga Hollow on liorseback. A little later a n)ail-route was i'.>ital)!ished from Utica to Oswego, the mail being also carried on horse- back, and running ouce a week. The post-office could not have been a very profitable institution, which wiis probably the reason that William DoUoway, who wa.s ajipointed post- uiaster in January, 1815, gave up hb position a year later. Judge Sage was appointed postnia.stcr, and, as he w:us already collector, he could probably get a living out of the two offices. The astablishmcnt of a county i-eat at t).-iwogo was fol- lowed by llie advent of sever.il lawyers. • One of the very earliest, if not the earliest, of these was John Grant, Jr., a young college graduate, who had been serving as a pay- master in the army during llie war and until a year after; he was already a counsellor of the supreme court, wlicn, in the spring of 1810, he located at tlie promising village, where he resided till his death. Theodore IVpple was the only other supreme court counsellor who made his home there that first .summer ; but at lea.st two students came who were anxious for the honors of admission to the bar. When the first court of common jilcas for Oswego County was held at the old school-hou.se, on the first day of October, 1816, by Judge Peter D. Hugunin (in the absence of First Judge Mooiiey), assisted by Judge Ed- mund Hawks and " As-.sistant Ju.stice' Daniel Hawks, Jr., the people began to think that their village was really amounting to .something. The i^uprcme court counsellors before mentioned, as well as several outsiders, were ad- mitted to practice on presentation of the credentials thoy had already, and the students, George Fi.sher and Henry White, were, after due examination, admitted as attorneys of the common pleas. It may be remarked, for tlie benefit of those accustomed only to tlie usages of the present day, thai the privilege of practicing in the hist-iuuned tribunal only required three years' study, while the august honors of the supreme court then demanded seven years of prepara- tion from their recipient. But, although Oswego had attained to the dignity of a court, there was no litigation to be disposed of, no criminals to be tried, and Judge Hugunin was obliged to adjourn sine die. There was another young student, James F. Wright, who located in Oswego about this time, but was not admitted till the next term of the common pleas, held at Pulaski the following February. Samuel 13. Reach was another lawyer who came ncarlv as soon as tho.se who have been mentioned. Another important event of 1816 was the organization of the first church in the village. This was the First Pres- byterian church, which was organized at the ever-useful school-hou.se on the 21st day of November by Rev. Mr. Abeel, with seventeen members. Considering that it was ju.st twenty years since the settlement of Oswego began, and that it haon mentioned at some length in the general history. The chapter devoted to the jiress also contains a notice of another imjiortant event of this year (1817), — the establishment of the first newspaper in the village by S. A. Abbey & Brother, under the name of the Osweffo Giize/le. By this time the population on the east side had in- creased St) it was thought that a school could be supprocess of construction, peo]ile had got a notion that trade was sure to flow along its channel, and new settlers nearly all sought their fortunes in the citiej* and villages growing up on its banks. The numerous stage- coaches, too, which ran along the present line of the Cen- tral niilroad, carried the greater jtart of the passenger- travel which had formerly jia.ssed through Oswego. Heavy freight, however, still followed the old route. Though the increase in numbers was small, however, there was a material ini|irovement in the ajipearance of the village. Nearly all the old log houses had diisappeared, though a few still remained as relics of the pioneer days. Neat frames had taken their places, and occasionally a brick building might be seen, though this was very seldom. Ill ISl'1 a rmhl-house w;is built by the rnited Stales LEONARD AMES, Among the tnily representa- tive men of Oswego County, few, if any, have been more inti- mjitely associated with the ma- terial development of thxt part of the State than Leonard Ames, the well-kuowu hanker and iron manufacturer. Mr. Amea not only witnesaed the transition of a small village into the largest and most proaperoua city in the county, — of a thin settlement into a busy and populous com- munity, of asemi-wildern ess into a fertile and highly -productive region,— but in his own person hft" typified so admirably the agencies which wrought many of ttioae changes, tiiat uo history of Oswego Conn ty would be com- plete witboutBomeBketch of his life, labors, aud character. ftir. Ames is of New England ■origin, his parents having re- moved from Litchfield, Connec- tii-Ut, to Mexico township, this county, in 18U4. The subject of this narrative was born in the town of Mexico, February 8, 1818. He was the seventh child of a family of thirteen. His early life, like that of moat of our successful business men, was one of close application, self-reliance, and self-denial. H.i worked on the farm until he reached his twenty-fourth year, when he married, and 8UUU thereafter embarked in the pork and beef packing business on the Wabash river, iu th» State of Indiana. At this time that State was quite new, and the pri'sent improvements in navi- gation and transportation were ■cnrcely dreamed of. But one hriitge had been constructed in the State, und thrice Mr. Ames returned easton horseback from Delphi, Indiana, there being no public conveyance of any kind part of the distance. Subse- quently, Mr. Ames returned tu this county, and, in connection with James S. Chandler, entered into the private banking buai- oesa at Mexico, and afterwards one of the originators of the firm of Ames, Howlett & Co., at Oswego. In 1864 he was the prime mover in the organization of the Second National Bank of thiit city, of which he has been president from that time to the piesent. He alio became a mem- ber of the firm operatinj^ the ^^t^o^^yC^ ^ ^7 ^<^y *' Amos Iron Works/' which were named in honor of hia eo- terprise and energy in their eatablishment. These works em- ploy an aggregate of one hun- dred and sixty handa, and aver- age the manufacture of one locomotive daily. In this, aa in all other of his business under- takings, he has been eminently successful. Honesty and a firm deaire to succeed huve been the essential media of bis Buccess. He has evinced an excellent judgment iu all hia ti-ansactions, and sterling honesty has l>ecQ the basis of his operations. This is high testimony, but it is only the reflex of the prominent traits of Mr. Ames' character; and what to the 8trang» reader may seem peculiarly the lan- guage of eulogy, will be readily recognized by all who know him aa a mere plain, uncolored state- ment of the salient points of hia character, and featurea of hia commercial career. Mr. Ames haa figured quite conspicuously in local, State, and national politics. He was elected supervisor of the town of Mexico in 1855, a member of the Assembly in 1857, and waaa delegate to the Chicago Conven- tion which nominated Abraham Lincoln (of glorious memory) to the presidency. He was the appointee under President Lin- coln for the United States asses- sorabip for the twenty-second Congressional district, which position he occupied four years, being removed by Andy John- son for political reaaona. He was an uncompromising abolition- ist; having in him the inherent love of freedom and a natural hatred of oppression, ho used hia time and means in the care and safe transport of fugitive slaves, and that, too, at a time when public sentiment was largely pro-slavery. Mr. Ames never enjoyed the advantages of education, but being naturally intelligent, and endowed with a targe amount of common sense, industry, perse- verance, and ambition, he has succeeded In building a reputa- tion as wide-sproad as it is envi- able. Indeed, it may he truly said of him, that his entire career is one worthy the emulation of the young, and a fitting example for all sorts and conditions of business men to follow. Residlnce or LEONARD AMES,Ho }J2,coif4i'^ &oneida sts.,Oswcbo,N.Y HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 147 government on the north side of the fort. It was first lighted up the following spring. This was an important " institution" in those days, and was followed by two others the same year (1822). A frame court-house was built on the park on the east side of the river, the original court- house block on the west side having been sold by permis- sion of the legislature, and the proceeds applied to the building of the structure just mentioned. When finished it was used as a meeting-house. In fact, so eager were the people to employ it for that purpose that they occupied it before the jiaint was dry on the .seats, and many a Sunday suit was badly injured in consei(uence. The first bridge, too, was erected iu this year at the same point as the present lower bridge. It was bragged about in contemporary jiublications as a tremendous structure, seven hundred feet long and costing two thousand dollars ! In truth, its erection was no slight task for that era. Wooden boxes (caissons) were sunk in the river and filled with stone, and on the.se the bridge was placed. Edwin W. Clark, then just twenty-one, was the first nuin across the new structure. Nearly the first use that was made of the bridge was for a battle. The Oswegoite and Seribaite boys, mindful of the warlike traditions of the locality, mustered all their forces on this convenient though narrow field the first night after its completion, and proceeded to test their superiority by a resort to the last arbitrament of kings and of boys. Long the victory hung doubtful in the balance, while the com- batants rivaled the deeds of De Montcalm and Blercer, of Bradstreet and De Yilliers, of Mulcaster and Mitchell, of Pontiac and Warragiyaghey, while many an eye was closed in temporary darkness, while many a nasal organ dripped plenteous gore upon the virgin planks of the new bridge, and while the wild Oswego murmured a subdued accompaniment to many a dismal shriek. But " Providence favors the strongest battalions," and at length the superior numbers of the Oswego army compelled the slow retreat of the gallant Scribaites. They fell back in good order and were not pursued. The contractor for the bridge, whose name was Church, did not entirely finish his work till the beginning of winter. Being desir(]us of transporting his chains and tools to the northern part of Jefl'erson countj', he put them on board the schooner " Morning Star," commanded by young Captain Tyler, who, at the age of twenty, then made his first trip as commander of a vessel. The voyage is noticeable for the late time in the season at which it occurred. Captain T. left Oswego on the 13tli of December, proceeded to Ogden.sburgh (leaving the tools as he went on the ice, which had already formed along the shore of the St. Lawrence), cut his own way through the ice near that place, and got back to O.swego on the 2lid. It has been a long time since a vessel has traversed the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario in the latter part of December. Among the other vessels which Captain Tyler mentions as then running on the lake were the " Ilenriettii," " Vi- enna," "Gold-Hunter," "Betsey," "Traveler," "Julia," "Hunter," "Niagara," "Oswego," "New Haven," and " Linda." A large business was done in bringing staves from the head of the lake and takinllars. As there were eleven war- dens and trustees, there was considerable danger of contra- dictory orders, but no umpire was provided for in such a case. Each citizen was reipiired to have a fire-bucket for every two fire]ilaccs or stoves in his hou.se, to be kept hang- i ing at the front of his building, with his name painted upon them, and in case of fire every man w;is rci|uired to take his buckets thither, under penalty of two dollars fine. Lest, however, these regulations should not produce the desired effect, a fire company was raised, consisting at first of thirty, and afterwards of fifty, niembers. This year, 1828, the east side had advanced sufficiently 80 that a few of its most enterprising inhabitants thought it possible that a school-house might be erected. A school- meeting was called at the store of Milton Harmon. At the appointed time only three persons were present, — Harmon him.soir, James Sloan, and Joseph Turner. Thoy repre- sented the sovereigtity of the people, and they proceeded to enact that a school-house was absolutely necessiiry, aud should be erected at a cost not exceeding one hundred dol- lars. The next morning the conservatives of the east side were shocked to learn that they had been saddled with a tax of one hundred dollars for an article of such doubtful utility as a school-house. They threatened to prevent the resolution from being carried out, to have it rescinded, etc., but finally consented to the jiroposed movement, strictly on condition that the cost of furniture should be included iu the hundred dollars appropriated for the school-house. Another church edifice (Eiiiscopal) w:us also begun on the southeast corner of the west-side public S(|uare in 1828. There began to be some queries about the propriety of using the sf|Uare for such purposes, and the next year the council resolved that only four churches should be built on the gronnd in cpiestion. These were to be situated at the four corners, at each of which a piece of land ninety-eight feet front by one hundred aud twenty feet back should be set apart for church uses. These corners refer to the square as now laid out, for in 1829 the board leased the remainder of the eastern block, and by that or some other means ae(|uired a hundred dol- lars with which to improve the remainder of the g<|uare. It was intended that the Presbyterian church should be moved from the centre to one of the corners, but it was never done. At this time the salmon were still running thick in the streams, for the first dams were not so high as to prevent their pas.sage, and at long intervals a deer made his way from the outlying forest on to Oak hill, gazed for an in- stant at the little village below, and then darted back to his leafy retreats. In the night, at salmon time, "jack-lights," composed of blazing pine knots held in the prows of skiffs, went flashing up and down the river, giving a picturesque touch to the usual humdrum of village life. But the board of trustees did not appreciate the picturcsipie, and either for fear of fire, or because the blazing knots disturbed the sleepy citizens, the villiige fathers brought down the cx- tingni.shing hand of jH)Wor upon the jack-lights. They enacted that none should be used below Loo (Oneida) street, and that above that point none should be brought within three rods of a dwelling. The beach on the river and lake north of Aries (Schuy- ler) street was set apart as a public fishing-ground, but was free only for the hook and spear; no one could draw seine or ni't there without jiermission from the board of trustees, wiio ]iut the privilege up at auction. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 149 Even before the completion of the AVclland canal, its anticipated benefits were so great that a new hotel, erected in 1829, on Gemini (Cajuga) street, between First and Second, was called the Welland House. For a long time this was the grand hotel of the village, where all distin- guished strangers .stopped, where all conventions were held, and where everybody met everybody else. In 1830 the Welland canal was opened, and the .same year saw an upward movement of the long-dormant milling business. Two mills with six run of stone each were built: one by Henry Fitzhugh and one by Gerrit Smith and Rich- ard L. De Zeng. Messrs. Smith and Fitzhugh, who were brotliers-in-law, both became largely interested in Oswego property ; the latter remaining till liis death one of the leading citizens of the place, and Mr. Smith, though not a resident, always manifesting a deep interest in its welfare. By the census of the last-named year the population of the village was about two thousand two hundred ; having more than doubled within two years. The increase was the most rapid on tlie east side, which had now risen to about a third of the total population. These were the times of hot warfare regarding Masonry. Masonry itself had suspended operations in this county, but anti-Masonry had also reached its climax, and was de- clining in power. At the spring election for the town of Oswego, the Democratic jiarty, which was still sometimes called by its old Jeffersonian name of " Republican," had a majority of about sixty over the anti-Masons. Matthew McNair was elected supervisor, and among the five assessors were ex-congressman Rudolph Runner and ex senator Alvin Bronson. One of the three inspectors of schools was William F. Allen, a young lawyer of twenty-two, who had oidy the year before been admitted to the bar. Mat- thew JIcNair, Samuel Carter, and Edward Bronson were the " commissioners of gospel lots," — officers having charge of the land set apart for religious purposes in each township of the Military tract. On the 1st of August, 1830, the little schooner " Erie" came down the lake to Oswego. A great crowd greeted its arrival with the most exuberant manifestations of joy, and its officers and passengers were entertained at a grand ban- quet at the Welland Hou.se, where the wildest predictions were made regarding the results to flow from the coming of that little schooner. The rea.son of all this excitement was that the " Erie" was the first-comer from the lake whose name it bore, — the first vessel to pass through the Welland canal. One of the severest of the early fires in Oswego occurred on the 1st of October, 1830. All the buildings on the west side of West First street, from Gemini (Cayuga) street to Taurus (Seneca) street, and thence along Taurus to the corner of Second street, were reduced to ashes. That locality was then in the heart of the business portion of the village, and the list of losers included the names of F. T Carrington, D. P. Brewster, E. & T. Wentworth, R. L. De Zeng, Bronson & Deming, L. B. Crocker, George Fisher, J. I. Fort, A. Richardson, Di'. W. G. Adkins, and others of the " heavy men" of that era. But the place was then in the full tide of growth, and the scars of fire were (juickly obliterated. The first church built on the east .side was the First Baptist, the society of that name having received permis- sion in March, 1831, to erect an edifice on the northwest corner of the east square. The desire for higher education than could be afforded by the district schools also began to manifest itself, and in 1831 a nundjcr of the leading citi- zens associated themselves to found an academy. The foundation of the building was laid that year on part of the block originally intendtd for the east portion of the public square and leased by the city, but hardly was the new structure erected when jealousies arose on account of its proximity to the district school, wliich was still the only one in the place. So the trustees sold the new building and purcha.sed another on Taurus (Seneca) street, between Third and Fourth. This was used for school purposes for nearly twenty years. Another proceeding which indicated the awakening of the literary spirit was the opening of a reading-room by Mr. John Carpenter, the proprietor of the PaUadium, where the principal periodicals of the country were kept on file, and were submitted to the perusal of readers at a sub- scription price of four dollars a year. The lo,ss of the new schooner " Henry Clay," belonging to Mr. Fitzhugh, causing as it did the death of Captain Duncan Campbell and a number of seamen, ca.st a temporary gloom over the rising village, quickly dissipated by the constantly broadening glow of material pro.sperity. Early in 1832, rumors of the hitherto unknown destroyer, chulei'a, began to alarm the people. In time the mysterious miasma, wafted from the Atlantic coast, approached the frontier village. Meetings of the citizens to devise pro- tective measures against the deadly invader were held, and in a short time the trustees appointed a board of health, consisting of Joel Turrill, Rudolph Bunner, T. S. Morgan, H. N. Walton, John Grant, Jr., G. H. MeWhorter, Elisha Moon, Joseph Grant, and Ambrose Morgan. Dr. W. O. Adkins was appointed health officer. One event of the cholera period is worthy of especial notice. Money was deemed necessary to drain unhealthy localities and to take other iirccautions, and the trustees had no power to pledge the village for that purpose. They therefore resolved to raise, and did raise, a thousand dollars by their personal notes, tru.sting to the legislature to au- thorize the necessary tax. The cholera came and many fell before it, but one can learn little on the subject by consulting contemporary records. People were very shy of saying much, for fear of increasing the panic. As for the new.s- papers of 1832, one couldn't learn from them that theie had been any cholera within a thousand miles. At this period the remains of old Fort Oswego were still to be seen at the foot of the hill on the west side. Tra- dition asserted that when the fort was taken by the French (or, as the people generally misunderstood it, when it was taken by the English from the French) a large amount of specie was hidden in the old well within the inclosure, and still remained in concealment. Numerous searches had been made, water-witches and " sorcerers" had been em- ployed, but the seekers had not been able to find even ll c well, much less the money. But in the latter ])art of li"32 a man named Scripture, from Sandy Creek, while rummaging ir.o IITSTORY OF OSWKGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. round witliin tlie old wall, and near where tlie liberty-pole then stood, found the long-abandoned well. If he found any specie he (-aid iiolhinj; to any one ahout it, and the next morning he left the village, his di.seovery heing marked only hy the presence of numerous cartridge-boxes, bullets, etc., thrown out by the finder. The well was about sixteen feet deep and four feet aero.ss, and was well walled up. It was a focus of curiosity for a few days, but people were too busy then to devote much time to investigating the relics of the past. Each succeeding month saw an increase of population and of wealth. The then immcn.sc sum of a thou.sand dollars was raised by general tax, and after the cholera had pas.sed by idl sorts of improveuients were the order of the day. The remainder of the eastern lliird of the public .square and of the market ground, on the west side, were dispo.sed of, and the avails ajijilied to improving the western section of the village. The lot on the northeast corner of the market ground was sold for eleven hundred and fifty italist, had the Varick cjinal constructed, for hydraulic purposes, under the man- agement of li. L. I)e Zeng, on the west bank of the river. The wall between it and the river wjis built ten feet thick at bottom, about four feet thick at the top, sixteen feet high, and three thousand feet long; the canal being sixty-two feet wide and seven feet deep, with a fall of nineteeu feet deep, and costing, when completed two yeai-s later, seventy- five thou.sand dollars. I'olities also were hot. There w;js a Bronson and a Turrill section of the Democratic party, under the leadership of Hon. Alvin Bronson and Hon. Joel Turrill, and between that party and its o]>ponents, now rajiidly taking the name of Whig, the fight was as lively as coirld well be desired. General Peter Sken Smith, a brother of Gerrit Smith, and a lawyer, residing on the east side of the river, was a leader of the o]>position ; the l\illtierin- tcndent. In the year 1852 the old school-house and lot were sold, and another lot purchased on the corner of West Eighth and Schuyler streets, on which the house at present occupied by primary school No. 1 was erected in the same year. The entire expen.sc of house, lot, and appnrtenance>. was nineteen hundred and sixty-seven dollars and thirty- six cents. In about the year 1841 or 1842 a stone school-house was built on West Bridge street, between Sixth and Seventh, for the district designated as No. 13, which included all the territory west of Third strcet, between Albany and Cayuga, within the village corporation. For some time previous, the school of this district had been taught in a hired room west of the present site of the Methodist church. The new school-house was small, con- sistin<: of but a single room. In 1843 another district, styled No. 17, was taken off from the east end of this district, including all the territory lying between Albany and Cayuga streets, and Third and Sixth streets. A house consisting of a single room was built on Fourth street, near Bridge, for the u.sc of thi.s district. In ISati this building was enlarged to its present size by the board of educiition. In the fall of 1848 another colony was formeil from tlie parent stock, and from the southwesterly part of No. 13 was created a district embracing all the territory lying between Albany and Oneida streets, and west of Sixth street. This new district was created by an order of John HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 155 B. Park, town superinteodent, issued October 3, 1848, and was designated district No. 21. In December of the same year the title was changed by Mr. A. II. Dunham, the suc- cessor of Mr. Park, to No. 10, by whicli it was designated at the time of the orgutiization of the board of education. In the winter and spring of 1819 a new house was erected on West Mohawk, near Tentli street. Tliis also was a single room, and is still known by the name of " White School-House," being occupied by primary school No. 3. All south of Albany street constituted district No. 9. About the ye;ir 1841 a new district wa.s created from this extensive one, embracing all between Albany street and the old village line ; and a stone school-house, with a single room, was erected in 1842. This was enlarged in 1850 to its present capacity. The cost of enlarging was fourteen hundred dollars. It stands on or near the corner of West Fourth and Erie streets, and is occupied by pri- mary school No. 5. The district was known as No. 18 until the year 1848, when its title was changed to No. 9. It has since been changed to No. 7. This house was burned in the winter of ISlil. The walls, however, were left standing, and it was rebuilt by the Northwestern insu- rance company the same year. The first public school on the east side of the river was taught by Miss Philomela Robinson, in a hired room near the river, in the Second ward, about 1817. The location of the school was frequently changed ; the second one was near the cove; the third near where the Columbia mill now stands ; the fourth on the west side of First street, at the foot of Cayuga ; the fifth in Mr. Elias Park's house, on the corner of Second and Seneca streets. Among the early teachers of the school who succeeded Miss Robinson were Mr. Morton, Miss Daggert, Mr. Dwyer, Miss Ora Coate, Miss Lydia Miner, Richard Parsons, and Eliza Wells. Some time in the fall of 1828, a school-meeting was called at the store of Milton Harmon. At this meeting were present James Sloan, Milton Harmon, and Jo.seph Turner. Being progressive and liberal-minded men, they voted that it was " ahsulutely necessary to have a schoul- hoiise," and resolved that one be erected at once, at a cost not e.xceeding one hundred dollars ! On the morrow a great breeze was raised about their ears by some of their more wealthy but parsimonious neighbors, who neglected to guard their pecuniary interests by being present at the meeting. They were severely rebuked for presuming to levy so heavy a tax on the district. They were warned that they would surely ruin the town by such oppressive taxes. We have already told in the sketch of the city how the three persons present voted that a school should be built for a hundred dollars, how their neighbors afterwards oppo.sed it, and how the latter finally yielded on condition that the greatest economy possible should be used. The contract was accordingly made with Mr. Luther Palmer to erect the house and put in all the furniture complete for one hundred dollars. It was a slab or plank house, about twenty-five by thirty feet, battened on the inside, adorned with neither ])aint nor mortar. The seats were of the same materials as the rest of the structure, with a board fastened around against the wall to serve as a writiuir-desk. This hou.sc stood until about the year 1840, when it gave way to a very respectable one-story stone structure, with a hall, two school- rooms, and a ba.senient. The building was consumed by the gi'eat fire of 1853, and the following year the present two- story brick building, with a hall and ten school-rooms, in- cluding two in the basement, a-sidc from furnace-rooms and closets, arose from its ashes, under the auspices of the board of education. This hou.se accommodates about five hun- dred pupils, and itj filled to its utmost capacity. In the year 1851 a wooden school-house was built on the corner of East Ninth and Seneca streets, designed for the younger children of this part of the district. This build- ing is now occupied by primary school No. 8. It appears to have been erected by Jas. H. Dow, for the sum of four hundred and sixty-five dollars. The cost of the lot was one hundred and eighty dollars. About the ye;ir 1832, we are informed that Mrs. Wells taught a public school in a room rented of Mr. Harra, on East Third street, near Oneida. As near as we can ascer- tain, this was the first public school taught in that part of the town. For the next two j'cars the school was taught by R. P. Crossman. The territory south of Bridge street had been set off as a new district about 1830 or 1831. For nine or ten years this school was taught in hired rooms, and in the old court-house for some time. It was not until 1841 that a new building was erected. This was a very respectable frame house, with two school-rooms, and was located on the site of the present elegant brick structure on East Fourth street, between Mohawk and Utica streets. In the same year this district was divided by the county superintendent, in answer to a petition of the trustees, and all that portion of the village east of Sixth street and south of Bridge street constituted district No. 19. For some- thing more than a year the school of this district was taught in a rented hou.se belonging to James Cochran, on Oneida, below Tenth street. In 1842 a new house was erected, consisting of a single room, located on Tenth street, near Oneida. This house has since been twice enlarged by the board of education. The old frame house on Fourth street was removed in 1857, and a three-story brick building was erected under the direction of the board of education. This was destroyed by fire in December, 18G0, and the following year the present building, modeled after nearly the same plan as the other, but somewhat enlarged, was erected. For several years a room was also rented of Jlr. James Baker, on West First street, near the tannery, for the accommodation of the smaller children in this part of the town. Desiring to dispose of this building, Mr. Baker kindly offered to erect a small house for the accommodation of the school, and rent it until such time as the board could pur- chase the same. The propo.sition was gladly accepted, and the house which now stands on E;tst Filth street, near Erie, was built, and rented until June 2, 1859, when it w;is bought by the board. It has since been enlarged to double its original capacity. Aside from the districts already enumerated, there were two joint school districts, — one up the river, on the west side, in the neighborhood of Mr. Sobieski Burt, 156 TIT^TOTIY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, xNEW YORK. and ihe other in tlie west ]part of llic town, iu tlic nci^libor- hoiid of Mr. Lewi.s A. Cole. As to the time of the furuiu- tion of these districts, we have been unable to gain any reliable data. By the act under which the schools were rcorfranized thc-^e districts were dissolved. This brinixs ddwn the history of the public schools to the time of their reorganization under a board of education. Before cnterinj: upon a consideration of this period of their history, it is proper that wc should notice a movement, in itself of comparatively little moment, but which, at the same time, had an important bearing on the organization of the jiroscnt free-school system. In the fall of 1848, a benevolent association was formed for the purjiosc of providing for the education of the poorer cla.sses : such as from inability to pay the re(|uisite rate-bill, to purchase school-books, or clothe their children properly, were practically shut out from the advantages of a common- school education. This was called the Orphan and Free School association. The movement enlisted the sympa- thies and co-operation of many of the best citizens. The ladies, throuiili the aid of sewing-societies, prepared cloth- ing for the children. All the dwellings of the poor were visited, and those rcfjuiring assistance selected. A room was rented (the b.isement of what was called the old " Taber- nacle," on West Second street), books were provided, and the school was opened in the fall of the year above named. The prime mover of this enterprise was the present principal of the normal school, E. A. Sheldon, who acted as secretary of the society, solicited and collected the funds, visited the families of the poor, distributed the clothing, and taught the school. The school opened with one hundred and twenty children, most of whom had rarely, if ever, seen the inside of a school- room before. It was continued for eighteen months, when it was proposed by some of those most actively interested in the school, to initiate a movement to make all the public schools of the city free, and thus, in a great measure, obviate the necessity of this free-school association. After one or two meetings of the directors for consulta- tion in regard to the matter, it was resolved to call a meet- ing of citizens, to take into consideration the propriety of organizing a .system of free graded schools. This wa.s held in the fall of 1850, and a committee was appointed to pre- pare, and submit at a subseq\ient meeting, a plan for the reorganization of the schools. The ]ihin presented w;is very similar in its main features to the present organization ; but meeting with warm opposition, the project was for the time being abandoned. Another effort was made the succeeding winter, but with no better success. In the year 1853, through the hearty co-operation of the representatives at Albany, Hon. James I'latt and Hon. I). C Littlejohn, a local school act was se- cured, the one under which the schools are now working ; and the first board was organized May 11, 1853, consisting of the following gentlemen: First ward, Lcander Babcock, D. S. Goldcy ; Second ward, Wni. F. Mason, John C. Churchill ; Third ward, Ab- ncr C. Mattoon, Wni. II. Goit ; Fourth ward, A. B. Coe, O. J. Harmiin. A. B. Coe was elected :is the first president of the board, and E. A. Sheldon as secretary. At the time of the reorganization of the schools, there were, as stated in the first annual report of the board, " twelve school districts, including one joint district, the school-house of which was located within the city. Each district was a separate and distinct organization, and all the children who attended school at all were obliged to attend the school in their own district, or be subjected to an oner- ous tuition." At that time there were in the employ of the board twenty-one teachers, with an average attendance of thirty- eight pn]iils each. The compensation paid was from one bundled anil fifty to two hundred and twenty dollars, and in one instance two hundred and forty dollars per annum for ladies, and fn)m three hundred to four hundred dollars, and in one instance six hundred dollars for gentlemen. There were also seventeen private schools, with an average attendance of six hundred and thirty pupils. The following September the city was entirely redis- tricted and the schools completely graded. The city was first divided into eleven primary districts, then into five junior districts, bounded without reference to the primaries, then into three senior districts, the whole comprising one high-school district. As the scholars finish the course pre- scribed in each of the lower schools, they may progress up- ward into the higher. The old academy building, the academy having long been discontinued, was purcha.see always as acceptable to the unc as to the other, aud that iiu person — on account of their race, or c«in)ple.xiun, or condition — shall be shut out from the privileges and bcuefits, or in any de;rrcc curtailed of them. " As to the character of the library, I have tmly to .«;iy that my warm wish is that no lK)ok unfriendly to truth and purity may ever find a place in the library. " I leave it with you to take such legal steps as are neces- Siiry for the maintenance of my own rights aud the rights of the public in respect to the library. " With great regsiixl, " Your friend, "Geurit Smith." Tlie gentlemen referred to accepted the trust and organ- ized the library. April 15, 1854, the institution was incorporated by the legislature by the name and style of the " Trustees of the Oswego City Library." Mr. Smith declined to have the library called by his own name, hoping that the citizens would take an interest in the mutter and aid it with their contributions. Later, Mr. Smith gjive about five thousand dollars more to the library, making the whole sum donated by him nearly thirty thousand dollars. The board of trustees, in 1853, purchiised the lot, corner of Oneida and Second strei't.-*, East Oswego, and erected thereon the edifice which has been occupied by it ever since. The board also appointed George C. McWhorter catalogian, and he, in [lursuanee of such authority, compiled the liliniry and jmrLha.s<:d the books. In the early ye^ii-s of the library one of the original trustees, Mr. Brown, died, and his |ilai-e was filled by the election of Mr. JIurray. Sub- setpiently Mr. .AleWliorter died, and was succeeded by his son, George C. McWhorter. Afterwards Mr. Murray and Mr. Piatt died, and Mr. Fitzlingh removed from town. Their jilaces were filled by Mr. MDllison, .^Ir. Irwin, and Mr. Kingsford. Four of the original tru.'^tees, Messrs. Broiison, Clark, Edwards, and Littlejohn, survive. Mr. liivnson was chosen first president of the btiard, and held the position eighteen years, when, in conse(|uence of his great age, he decliued a re-election, and was succeeded by Mr. McWhorter. The present board of trustees are as follows, viz.: Presi- dent, George C. -AlcWhiirter ; Trustees, Alvin Bronson, Edwin W. Clark, John H. Edwards, George C. McWhor- ter, Dewilt C. Liitlejtihn, Gilbert Mollison, Thendoic Irwin, Thomson Kingsford ; Secretary, Edwin W. Clark ; Treas- urer, John B. Edwards ; Librarian, Benjamin Stocks. The library now contains about si.\ thousand vohunes, exclusive of thos<- received from the Unittd Stales and the Slate of New York, whieii are not entered in the printed catalogue. The library is departmented, and every department of literature and learning is represented as far as may be. The tone of the library is high, the aim having been to bring the taste of the community up to the standard of a good library, rather than — by the admission of useless, e]dieni- cral, and often unhealthy cunent literature — to lower the library to the level of those who prefer passing amusement to mental iuiproveiueut. There aie a few rare and curious books in the collection, and some rare and valuable, especially on the subject of American history and biography. The reference depart- ment is ample and excellent. The citizens of Oswego may be congratulated on having So valuable a library, and nothing jirobably will so much conduce to perpetuate the meuiory of Gerrit Smith as the library which he wisely and generously founded. FIRE DEPARTMENT. A description of the primitive methods in use for extin- guishing fires forty or fifty years ago luis been given in the general sketch of the village and city of Oswego a short dis- tance back. On the l:ith day of April, 1S55, the 0.-wego fire depart- ment was incorporated, aud the following-named persons designated as fire wardens: John Dynan, Matthew Soulon, Ilieliaid Tobin, Lawrence Johnson, John C. llugunin, Johu Comes, James Ilyan, James Malone, Yolney K. Burr, Syl- vester G. Abbott, Nathan Bobbins, aud William Stewart. This orgimization remained in operation until IMTli. Under act of May 2(1, 1S7(!, Bradley B. Burt, Thomas Dobbic, Edward Miiehell.and David 31. (jorsline were fire commissi, with seventeen members, viz., Sylvanus Rishop, Abraham C'lark, Rachel Bishop, Jcanctte Clark, Mary Ilugunin, Christine Conner, Hannah Smith, Lois Brace, Catlieiinc Sliafcly, Mary Cooley, Sarah Bucl, Martlia Minor, Catherine Kubois, Nancy Clarke, Lucretia Wulradt, Hannah Hall, and Mary. Coates. Sylvanus Bishop and Abraham Clark were chosen ruling ciders. This was the linst religious organization in the city. The society was incor|ioratcd in 18'J4. The church worshiped from 181 G till 182.') in the school-house on the southwest corner of West Second and Seneca streets, which served for sihoolhouse, church, and court-himse for several years. The first church building erected in Oswego was built by this society in 1825, nearly in the centre of the public square, on the west side of the river. It was fiflj'-four by eighty"feet, and cost about si.\ lliousand dollars. Twenty feet were added to its length in 1841. On the night of October 24. 1841, it was destroyed by fire. This was the work of an incendiary, for whose ap)>rehensi<)n and convic- tion the tru.stees of the village in vain offered a reward of seven hundred and fifty dollars. The society now worship in a sub.stantial stone church on the corner of West Fourth and Bridge streets. It cost ten thousand five hundred dollars; the eliapcl connected with it three thousand five hundred dollai-s. A parsonage is being erected between the chapel and West Fifth street. For eight years missionaries and neighboring ministers sujiplicd the preaching. In 1825 the Rev. James Abell was ordained and installed as the first pastor. He resigned in \'S'M1. Tlie Rev. Robert Condit was installed as jia.stor in 1831, and remained in that position for forty years. The Rev. James A. Wordeii was installed as colleague to Dr. Condit in 18(i(), and resigned a few months after Dr. Con- dit's death, which occurred I'diiiuiiy 12, 1871. The Rev. D.ivid 'I'ullv is the present pastoi-, who succeeded Jlr. Worden June 10, 1872. Tlie first superintendent of the Sabbath-school was Edwin W. Clarke. The present uieui- bership of the Sunday-.^chool is three hundrcil and forty, and the number of volumes in the library is twelve liundrcd. During this year (1877) a beautiful white marble tablet in memory of the Rev. Dr. Ccndit has been placed in the church by his friends, bearing the following inscription : " In memory of Rev. Robert W. Condit, D.D., for forty years the beloved pastor of this church, who entered into rest February 12, 1871, aged seventy-five years. ' He being dead yet speakcth.' — Hebrews xi. 4."' ciiKisT CHuncH (episcopal). Tliis pari.sh was organized on the 26th day of February, 1822, in a school-bouse on the wast side of the 0.swego river, in what was then the little village of Oswego. The liev. Amos I'ardee, a mi.-isionary of the church, presided at the meeting, which resulted in the choice of the following persons as wardens and vestrymen : James Bill and William Dolloway, wardens; John Moore, Jr., Theo- ]ihilus S. Morgan, Tliaddeus Clark, Tlionias Collins, Elcazer Perry, Nathaniel Farnham, Robert Cooley, M, P. Hatch, vestrynjcn. Occasional ser\'iccs were held in the school-house in which the church was organized, in connection with services at other missionary stations in the neighborhood. At the expiration of thi' Brst year Mr. Pardee was transferred to another field of labor. He was not succeeded by any regular missionary until 1826. Occasional services were, however, maintained during the interval by lay reading. Mr. Bill, tlie senior warden, was ap]iointed a lay readier by Bishop Hobart. In November, 1821!, Rev. John McCarty was appointed missionary for this county and parts of On- ondaga. He reports that for three years the services of the church had been entirely suspended. There were, in 1826, eleven communicants of the church, whose names are as fol- lows : James Cochran and Catharine V. R. his wife, Robert Cooley and Electa his wife, .Mi-s. Elizabeth Banner, Mrs. JleHugh, Mrs. Mary Ingrain, Mrs. Charlotte M. Eagle, Mr. Robert Dwyer and his wife, and Mrs. White. The corner-stone of a new stone church, called Christ church, of Oswego, was laid by Rev. Mr. McCarty on' the '.lib day of May, 1828, with ai)propriate religious .services; the Rev. Dr. Rudd, of Auburn, being ]irescut and a,ssi.st- ing. It continued to be a missionary p;u'isli until the year 1885. The debt of three tboii.sind dollars contracted for the building of the cliureh was ]iaid by the aid of a gift fnnn Trinity church, in the city of New York, of one thousand dollars. From tliis date the church has been self-support- ing. The church building was consecrated to its holy jiur- ]ioses on the 2.5th day of January, 1821), having been finished within the short space of nine months from the laying of the corner-stone. It,s dimensions were .si'veiity by fiHy-two feet. Its capacity was about four hundred persons. The number of commuuieants at that time was ninety-one. The number of conimnnicants in the ]iarish when .Mr. McCarly left it, in 184."), was the .same as it had been ten years before. Rev. John S. Davenport became the rector of the parish in .\ugust, 184."), u|ion the rcsig- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. IGl nation of Rov. Jolin McCarfy. During the year 1850 the parish of the Evangelists was formed from this parish, and during the next two years the erection of a stone church edifice was begun upon the east side, which was opened for services in December, 1852. Upon the resignation of Mr. Davenport in 1852, the Rev. Anthony Scliuyler was called to the rectorship. It was decided in 1853 to erect a new church. In August, 1854, the ground was broken, and the foundation of the new edifice was laid. The corner-stone was laid with ap- propriate ceremonies upon the 12th day of October, 1854, by the Rev. W. B. A.shley, rector of St. Paul's church, Syracuse. The church was opened for divine services upon the 1st day of January, 1857. The number of communi- cants at that time was one hundred and thirty-two. The cost of the church building was thirteen thousand dollars. In 1857 the old church building, which had for several years been used for a school-house, was sold for two thou- sand dollars to the Methodist society. In 1858 a wooden chapel was built by the society for a school and lecture- room. This building was built by funds which were raised by contribution. The old church building, after having been used for three years by the Methodists, was, upon the disorganization of that society, re-transferred to the Christ church. It was left unoccupied, and fell con.sidcrably out of repair, and was finally destroyed by fire upon the 7th day of January, 1862. The church received the benefit of its insurance to the amount of fifteen hundred dollars ; a like sum was raised by subscription, and the amount was applied to pay off the debt of the church. The debt of the church was thereby reduced to about seven thousand dollars. The Rev. An- thony Schuyler resigned the rectorship of the parish in Ocober, 1862. In March, 1863, the Rev. Amos B. Bush, D.D., entered upon the duties of rector. In 1865 an effort was made to relieve the parish from its mortgage debt by voluntary contribution, and upon the 29th day of April the sum of six thou.sand dollars was raised for that purpose. In April, 1865, the Rev. Amos B. Beach was instituted by Bishop Cox into the rectorship of the parish. TUE FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. As early as 1812 occa.9ional Methodist services were held in private hou.ses in Oswego. In 1816 a class of three members was organized with Jlrs. Catherine Hawley as leader, and Oswego was included in Sandy Creek circuit, Oneida distinct, with George Gary, Luther Bishop, and Enoch Barnes as preachers, and Charles Giles as presiding elder. Services were for the most part held at Mrs. Ilaw- ley's house, occasionally in private rooms in other parts of the village, until a room or hall near what is now the corner of Third and Schuyler streets was fitted up and u,sed in common by several denominations. James Hazen with Amos Perry, C. Lambert with T. Dixon, .succeeded the first preachers. In 1819 Oswego circuit was formed, with Na- thaniel Reeder as preacher, followed by C. Lambert, J. P. Aylesworth, Orin Foot, Truman Dixon, Alexander Irvine, J. B. Roach, George W. Densmore, and W. W. Nindc, in the order named. In 1827, under the pastorate of J. I?. Roach, the first Methodist Episcopal church of Oswego was legally incor- porated, with Webster S. Steele, David C. Knapp, Asahel Hawley, Robert Dwyer, and William Matchett as trustees. In 1829 Oswego was made a station, and John Sayer ap- pointed preacher. During this year the society built a chapel on the corner of what is now West Fifth and Cayuga streets, on ground now included in the West Oswego park. Then S. Bibbins, E. Wheeler, N. Salisbury, A. D. Peck, W. W. Ninde, B. Phillijis, John Soveys, C. L. Dunning, I. L. Hunt, Charles Giles, J. Alley, and II. E. Chapin served this church as pastors in the order named. There was but one society and but one place of worship until 1848, when the society was divided by common consent according to location (the Oswego river being the dividing line), and the East Methodist Episcopal church was organ- ized and incorporated, and G. G. Hapgood was appointed to the charge of the First church. In 1849 the chapel, which was owned in common by the two societies, was burned, and during the year following, under the pas- torate of Almon Chapin, the Fir.st Blethodist Episcopal society erected their present house of worship on the corner of West Fourth and Oneida streets; since which C. L. Dunning, L. D. White, N. Salisbury, 0. M. Legate, R. Reynolds, M. D. Gillette, C. L. Dunning, N. G. Axtell, Wesley Mason, J. B. Foote, James Erwin, J. Fletcher Clymer, E. C. Curtis, Frank J. Jewell, E. Horr, Jr., and W. F. Hemingway have served as pastors. In 1866, during the pastorate of James Erwin, Wesley chapel, on the corner of Fifth and Tolman streets, was built, and has since been occupied by the First ]\Iethodist Episcopal church as a mission chapel, maintaining a Sab- bath-school, regular social worship, and occasional preaching services. The church is at present served by Rev. W. F. Mark- ham as pastor. The board of trustees are James Bickford, Mannister Worts, Chester Penfield, George Goble, Hiram Kloek, Argalus J. Hopkins, Charles W^. Farnham, William G. Call, and James McCarthy. The present membership of the church is two hundred and fifty. Her Sabbath- schools have about four hundred scholars, and are superin- tended by Mannister AVorts. To no one person does this church and Methodism in Oswego owe more than to Blrs. Catharine Hawley, who by her energy and zeal procured the organization of a society, and watched over it with a mother's care and devotion, until called to the church triumphant in the summer of 1872. Her name is fragrant with precious memories. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized March 13, 1828, with eleven members. These were Amos G. Currey, Elijah S. Stock- well, William Burt, Mrs. William Burt, Walter Read, Mrs. Walter Read, Mrs. William L. Beebe, George Cyrenius, Mrs. George Cyrenius, Samuel B. Morrow, Jliss Lydia i\Iorrow. Rev. John C. Harrison was called soon thereafter, and became the first pastor. Sleetiugs were statedly held in the public school-house on the west side of the river, and here, on the 17th day of June, the formal organization of the .society was perfected by the election of the following 162 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NF^V YORK. board of trustees, under tlie corporate name of " The First Ba|iti$l Society of the Village of Oswego": George W. Burt, William L. Beebe, Nathaniel Vilas, Jr., Oziel Davis, Joseph Turner, Ilorutio N. Gooileil. Near the close of the year 1828 the place of meeting was transferred to the court-house in East Oswego. In May, lS."il, the president of the village board of trustees was authorized by the board, in pursuance of a general plan previously adopted, to execute to the trustees of the First Baptist church a lease, for the term of nine hundred and ninety-nine j-ears, of the west half of block 102, being the j>ublic si|uare in East Oswego, a.s a site (or a house of worship. The church iiuniediatcly commenced the work. The li(iiise was located on the southwest corner of the block fronting the .square, was forty-four by .si.\ty feet, and built of wood. The frame was erected and inclosed during the season of 1831, and early in the following summer the house was completed and dedic;itcd. The entire cost was something over five thousand dollars. To the new house the church at once removed, and have continued to worship there until the present time. In 1846 the house was repaired and improved at a cost of about eleven hundred dollars, and in 18C5-C6 it was raised, a commodious ba.sement finished, and the entire house greatly improved, the cost being about four thousand dollars. In the year 1853 the West Baptist church was organ- ized, and drew away a considerable number of the members. The present niembersliii> of the Fii-st Baptist church uum- bers two hundred and seventy-five. 'J'Ik! following list comprises all the pastors who have served the church since its organization. The dates oppo- site each are believed to be mainly correct, though, on ac- count of the loss and imperfection of records, this is not, in some cases, absolutely certain : John C. Harrison, 1828-30; Jason Lolhrop, 1830-33; John Waternum, 1834-35; E. Savage, 1835-37; William Ilulchinson, 1837—12; Isaac I^awton, 1842—14; Isaac Butterficld, 1846-53; W. W. Moore, 1853-55; David .MiFarland, 1855-5'J; M. R. Forey, 1860-62; L. M. S. Ilayncs, 1863-68; Lester Williams, Jr., 186'J-72 ; Har- vey K. Traver, 1873-77. During the absence of the pastor, in the j'car 1865, the pulpit was supplied for six months by Rev. M. B. Com- fort. At this date the church is withnut a settled pastor, but has been supplied since April, 1877, by George B. Stevens, of the senior class of the University of Rochester. The Sunday-schiiol was organized under the superiii- teiidcncy of Rev. J. C. Harrison in 1828. For more than twenty years the school has been under the care of its present superintendent. Deacon John C. Bradt, The num- ber of |iupils enrolled during the year 1877 is one hundred and sixty-six. ST. VAin/s CATHOLIC CHURCH. The first steps towards the organization of the Catholic congregation of St. Paul's church of Oswego were taken about the year 1830. The late Mr. I\'tcr Lappin, and some sixteen others, the only Catholic residents at the time ill the place, finding that means enough could be raised i among themselves to defray the traveling expenses of a clergyman, wrote to the Rev. Mr. Donahoe, who at the time had charge of Auburn, Rome, and other villages of central New York, and invited him to visit Oswego. In ac- cordance with their request, he began visiting Oswego every three months to hold divine services. The first service was held in a private house on the west side of the river. Shortly after this, a lot on the corner of E;ist Mohawk and Filth streets (the one upon which St. Paul's church now stands) was purcha.sed from the late Hon. Gerrit Smith ; and upon it was erected a small frame building, twenty by twenty-four feet in size, and one story high, to serve as a church. This for a numlior of years was sufficiently large to accommodate the Catholics of Oswego. In time, however, more room was required ; and an addition was made to the building. Even thus enlarged, it became too small for the increasing Catholic population, and the congregation, though still comparatively few io number and poor in means, resolved to erect a more commodious and befitting edifice. The corner-sttine of a substantial stone building, fifty- five by one hundred feet, was laid about the year 1840, and during the pastoral charge of the Rev. Mr. Rogers the walls were erected and the roof put on. In 1844, during the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Kenncy, the building was completed. It served the congregation until 1871. Between the years 1850 and 1868, under the supervision of the Rev. Mr. Kelly, the large and commodious three-story brick school-house, adjoining the church, was erected. In 1871 the old church was pulled down, and the present one erected in its stead. This edifice, incUniing the vestry in the rear, is two hundred feet in length and seventy-six in width, and will seat two thousand five hundred people. From the congregation of St. Paul's have branclied off the four other flourishing Catholic congregations of the city. Y^etSt. Paul's, numbering some two thousand communicants, and sustaining a first-class parochial school, attended by between six and seven hundred children, is in a very jiros- perous condition. The girls are taught by the Sisters of St, Ann ; the boys are under the charge of the pastor and five lay teachers. The fii-st pastor of St. Paul's was the Rev. Mr. C)'l>oiiahoe. He was succeeded by the Rev. Jlr. Rogers, he by the Rev. Mr. Kenney, and later, in 1850, by the Rev. Michael Kelly. Mr. Kelly was the pastor, cxeej)t during an intermission of a few months, until October, 1861), when the jire.-^inl incuiu- bent. Rev. Michael Barry, was appointed. TIIK AFRICAN .METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH was organized in 1847, under the jurisdiction of the New York annual conferi^ncc, at which time the Rt. Rev. Wui, P. t^uinn was |>residing bishop of the New York eonterence. The church was organized with thirty-seven members. The following arc the names of those who have been appointed pastors : Revs. J. Ilenson, L. S. Lewis, Wm. II. Ross, L. S. Lewis, A. J. Dudley, E. J. T. Sparrow, R. Cliff, E. T. Thomji.son, Wm. M. Johnson, I), Dorrell, J, S. Leckins, C. Boly, J. W. Cooper, W. N. Bowman, E. R. Davis, W. N. Bowman. J. Frisby, A. J. Dudley, and A. S. Amos, the present iiicuni- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 163 bent. The present board of trustees are J. H. Pomppaugh, William Thomas, F. Causer. The present Uicuibership of the church is twenty-seven. E.\ST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The East Jlethodist Episcopal church, of Oswego, was formed by the division of the original Methodist society. It was organized May 25, 1848, the roll embracing one liundrcd and sixty-one names. The first pastor was Rev. Arza J. riielps, and the first ofiicers were as follows : Local Preachers, Revs. Warren Allen and H. Colburn ; CI ass-Leaders, Russell Watson, Lyman Ferguson, J. II. Dow, J. E. Edwards, Martin Gilbert, Chauncey Whitney; Stewards, J. B. Edwards, Lyman Ferguson, C. B. Thomp- son, William Curtiss, James Lyon, S. G. Abbott; Trustees, J. B. Edwards, C. B. Thompson, M. F. Carpenter, James Lyon, Lyman Ferguson, D. Davies, Thomas Mcintosh, Wm. Curtiss, N. Williams. The church edifice on East Fourth, near Bridge street, was erected in 1849, and cost a little more than five thousand dollars. It was dedicated in March, 1850, the sermon being preaclied by Rev. Hiram Mattison, D.D. While the church was in process of erection the congre- gation worshiped in the court-house. The Sunday-school, which was organized the same year as the church, has had the following succession of superin- tendents : J. B. Edwards, John R. Geer, H. Skeel, C. B. Thompson, Geo. Davies, Geo. Goodier, S. G. Abbott, M. F. Carpenter, W. H. Essex, Geo. Goodier, C. Whitney, N. P. Neal, L. D. White, John R. Geer, Morris Place, C. H. Tread- well, Geo. Goodier. The succession of pastors has been as follows : 1848-49, Arza J. Phelps; 1850, Byron Alden ; 1851-52, Orlando C. Cole; 1853, John C. Vandercook, A.M.; 1854, S. C. Woodruff"; 1855-56, L. D. Ferguson, A.M. ; 1857, A. J. Phelps; 1858-59, Otis M. Legate; 1860-61, J. C. Van- dercook, A.M.; 1862-63, L. D. White; 1864-66, Lewis Meredith; 1867-69, H. M. Danforth ; 1870-71, M. S. Wells; 1872-74, Albert L. Smalley, A.M. ; 1875-76, James C.Stewart, A.M.; 1877, M.Gaykird Bullock, A.M., Ph.D. During the pastorate of Rev. M. S. Wells a parsonage was purchased — No. 104 East Fourth street — at a cost of three thousand dollars. The church edifice was remodeled and improved in 1870. Its present value is about seven thousand dollars, and it has a seating capacity of five hundred. The Sunday-.school numbers two hundred and seventy- seven scholars, teachers, and officers. The present mem- bership of tlie church (September, 1877) is two hundred and fifty-three. The official roll is as follows : Presiding Elder (Oswego district), Rev. A. L. York ; Pastor, Rev. Dr. M. G. Bullock ; Local Elder, Rev. Morris Place; Sunday-school Superin- tendent, Geo. Goodier ; Assistant Sunday-school Superin- tendent, S. M. Coon ; Cla.sa-Leaders, David B. Blair, Geo. Bassett, John B. Edwards, Mrs. George Goodier ; Stewards, Alex. Crop.sey, William McChcsney, S. ^\. Coon, Athelbcrt Cropsey, Geo. G. Warren, A. K. Gillniore, II. W. Wallace, James P. Tuttle, A. Bartlctt ; Trustees, John B. Edwards, M. F. Carpenter, T. H. Butler, M. J. Wallace, C. H. Wood- ruff, N. Williams, J. J. Van Wagencn, Thos. E. Faulkner. ST. Mary's church. St. Mary's church, Roman Catholic, worships in a frame building, on the corner of West Sixth and Cayuga streets. The church edifice is one hundred and ten by fifty-two feet, with a handsome tower one hundred and thirty feet high, bell and clock, side chapel, sacristy, commodious ba.sement, and a wide stoop in the front, leading to its three doors through a flight of thirteen steps. It was commenced in 1848, completed in 1849, and dedicated in 1850, by his eminence Cardinal McCloskey, then bishop of Albany. Its founder and first pastor was Rev. F. E. Foltier, a native of France, sent here at the request of a number of French and French-Canadian families. But these proved too few and poor to erect a building, therefore Father Foltier so- licited and obtained the aid of American and of Irish Cath- olics, who, just then, were anxious to have a church in the west side, of which they might also have the benefit. Ac- cordingly, when the new church was opened to divine wor- ship, more than half the pews were at once rented by- English-speaking people ; and when a school was started in the basement, two English-speaking teachers, Misses Ilalli- gan and Gilmore, were employed. St. Mary's church, therefore, had, from its commence- ment, a mixed congregation. In July, 1851, Rev. Father Foltier, being somewhat discouraged, left his charge, and soon became pastor of St. Vincent De Paul, in New Or- leans. Rev. James Keveny, an Irish priest, succeeded him, but he lefl for St. Peter's, Troy, in 1852, and was succeeded by Rev. P. Guerdet, a native of France. During the administration of the latter, besides many other im- provements, the Sisters of St. Joseph were introduced to teacli in the parochial school, and a fine house was pur- chased for them, in Sixth street, to which several additions were afterwards made. To make room for one of these additions, Father Guerdet removed the parsonage, pre- viously built by Father Foltier, from Sixtli street to a lo^ in the rear of the church, on Cayuga street. This is the present parsonage, now the property of the congregation, who paid three thousand dollars for it to Rev. F. Guerdet. In 1867, Fatlier Guerdet was promoted to St. John's church, of Syracuse, and the Rev. Louis Griffi*, a native of Italy, was appointed to his place in Oswego. His first care was to complete another addition to the school-house com- menced by his predecessor. This house is now a very fine and commodious building, three stories high, serving for sisters' convent and for orphan asylum, and having six large class-rooms, capable of accommodating four hundred and fifty scholars. No orphans are now kept by the sisters, for want of means. The congregation of St. JMary's had now become exceed- ingly large, owing both to the immigration of French- Canadians and to the rapid growth of the Iri.sh population. The new church of St. John's was therefore erected in the Fifth ward, through the exertions of Rev. F. Lowery, a clever and zealous American priest, who thus took away from St. Mary's about half of its English-speaking people. Hut the French, who in 1867 liad dwindled down to fifty- 1G4 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW VOIIK. four names on the pew-book, had now swelled np to about four liuudrcd. The idea therefore arose of forming them into a separate coiij;^oj;atioii. In 1870, Father Griffa ob- tained the appointuiont of llev. F. X. Pelletier, of Quebec, to undertake this task. The understanding was that be should temporarily hold special services for the French in St. Mary's, and atlcrwards ]irocure for them, with the help, of course, of the rest, a separate church in another locality. Difficulties, however, arose which caused a delay of eij;bteen months in the execution of the projected s»'para- tion. At la.-it the trustees of St. Mary's accepted the terms proposed by the trustees of the newly-formed French cor- poration, and purcha.sed for them Mead's hall, on the east side, at a cost of seven thousand dollars, adding.; five hun- dred dollars ea-sb to help them fit it up as a church. The French finally left St. Mary's church in December, 1871, for what is now callari.sb, w:ls furnished with a tine organ. The first service was held in the new structure December 5, ].'<52. William Dolloway, the senior warden, died in March, 18(!0, and Hi'iiry Adriaiice w;is elected in his place. In 18t!l the rector. Rev. Mr. Gallagher, entered the United States service as chaplain of the Twenty-fourth Regiment New York Volunteers. During his absence the ])ul[iit was supplied by Rev. Jo.seph Kidder. At the ex- |iiralile seven by thirteen, John O'Hanlon being the builder. The church was dedicated by the same father the Gth of De- cember, 180.'^, the dedication beinir followed by a succcs.sful niL-ision conducted by the Fathers Anthony Gerbor, O.M.C., and Bonaventura Corney, O.M.C. The Franciscan fathers of Syracuse retained the charge of the mis.sion, Father Oderic Vogt being first pastor. On the 14th of February, 1804, the stations of the holy cross were erected. In the same year the new pipe- organ wiis bought. On the lOth of June, 180.5, the hou.se of Mr. Jos. B dies, with lot, was bought for fourteen hundred dollars, and greatly improved for a parsonage. On the 10th of July the main altar, given by the Ger- man Catholics of Syracuse, was erected. A small bell, tiiken in 1803, by the permission of their comm.indcr, by a German regiment of Syracu.se. from a city hall in South Carolina, and subsefjuently used in .Syracu.se, was also given to the church. In October Father Oderic was succeeded by Father Leopold Moczygemba, commissary-general of the Francis- cans. In April, 1800, a frame school-hou.sc, lliiriy-si.K feet by fifty-one, was built fir twenty-eight hundreil and si.xty-onc dollars, on the spacious lot between the church and the parsonage. The 17th of September, it was dedicated to the honor of St. Therese by the pastor, and given in charge of three sisters of St. Francis, — Mother Mary Anne Kop, Sister II. Agnes Spang, and Sister M. Ilildegardis Knaus, who resided in the school-house. September 23, the St. Josejib's aid society was organized, and Mr. Peter .Schill- ing made first president ; George Koch, vice-president ; L. Brosemer, treasurer ; Peter Endres, secretary. In May, 1808, Father Leopold was called to Rome, Italy, and several fathers from the convent of Syracu.se took charge of the parish until, in May, 1801), Father Oderic became permanent pastor again. In November, 1870, the charge of the mission, hitherto so faithfully cared for, was given into the hands of the first secular priest, Rev. Joseph Ottenhues. He removed to Troy, New York, and was succeeded on the 2r)tli of Feb- ruary, 1871, by llev. Chas. Zucker, who remained until the 18th of October, 1874, when Rev. J. Herman Wibbc Wiis aiiiiointed pastor. The Centennial year was celebrated by buying three new bells, weighing thirty-five hundred and fiHy-nine pounds, which were solinnnly ble-s.sed in the evening of May 9, by the Right Rev. Bishop McNierney, administrator of the diocese of Albany, assisted by the clergy of the city and others. Great improvements were also made in the church by placing statuary, etc., and the grounds around were greatly iiuproved. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. ]r,7 The congregation at the present time numbers about one hundred and twenty families ; the school is in charge of five sisters, teaching nearly one hundred and fifty children. There are four societies connected with the church. The valuation of the real estate is twelve tliousand five hundred dollars. CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST (CVTHOLIC). In 1809, the Right Rev. J. J. Conroy, bishop of Albany, appointed the Rev. J. F. Lowery pastor of a new congrega- tion to be formed in the southwest part of the city of Oswego. He immediately set about the work intrusted to his charge. He purchased a site from T. Carrington, and procured the erection of a frame building, which answered for a temporary place of worsliip. A brick church was begun in the spring of 1870, the corner-stone being laid by the Rev. pastor on the lOth of July of the same year. The new church was ready for use on the 12th of November, 1871. The Right Rev. J. J. Conroy dedicated the new church on the 14th day of July, 1872, in the presence of an immense congregation and of reverend clergymen. The Rev. Daniel O'Connell, the present pastor, received his appointment on the 25th of Ajiril, 1875, from the Right Rev. F. McNeirnoy, coadjutor-bishop and adminis- trator of the diocese of Albany. The principal contribu- tors towards the erection of the new church were Delos De Wolf, Thomas S. Mott, Bart. Lynch, Micliael Cum- mings, Aaron Colnon, James Hennessey. The Rev. Father Lowery introduced the Sisters of St. Joseph, of Carondelet, who taught a school for boys and girls for a period of three years, beginning in the year 1872 ; but they wore obliged to leave in consequence of the destruction of the school-house by fire. The number of Sunday-school children now in attendance is about five Imndred, under the immediate supervision of the pastor. The present membenship of the church is about twenty-five hundred, and the property cost about sixty thousand dollars. ST. LOUIS' CHURCH (FRENCH CATHOLIC^). Previous to the formation of this church the French and Canadians of the city of Oswego were in the habit of hold- ing services in St. Mary's church, upon the west side of the river. In December, 1870, the church was organized. The membership at that time included about five hundred fam- ilies. Tlie pastor in charge was the Rev. Father John F. X. Pelletier. The church edifice which was erected during the year, upon the corner of East Fourth and Bridge streets, is a frame building ninety-nine by forty-five feet, and cost fifteen thousand dolUirs. About tlie same time the society erected a brick building for a convent or si.stor.s' house. The size of this structure is twenty-five by sixty feet; three stories in height, and cost the sum of ten thousand dollars. The Rev. Father Pelletier continued in charge of the church until September, 1876, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Father Arthur Sicard De Carufel, who is the present pa-stor. GRACE CHURCH (PRESBYTERIAN). This church was organized on the Hist day of iMay, 1872, by si.\ty-fivo ex-members of the First Prusbyteriaii church of Oswego, dismi.ssed for that purpose, and one ex-member of the First Presbyterian church of Trenton, New Jersey, Rev. E. G. Thurber being the moderator of the meeting. The following elders were then elected : William F. Allen, George Seeley, Gilbert Mollison, Warren D. Smith, John C. Churchill, Frederick B. Lathrop. On the morning of the same day a Sunday-school had been organized with about one hundred scholars and twenty- three teachers. Gilbert Mollison, who had been the earnest and faithful superintendent of the mission school for five years, was elected superintendent of the church school, an office which he still continues to fill. Until March 9, 1873, services were held in Grace mis- sion ; wlien a cliapel begun the previous July was completed and opened for public worship. The corner-stone of a now church edifice, located on the corner of West Oneida and Fifth streets, was laid May 2, 1873. Up to the close of the first year, April 1, 1873, there was contributed by the congregation sixteen thousand and forty dollars. For a year and nine months the pulpit was supplied by Rev. J. B. Condit, D.D., of Auburn. Rev. Henry H. Stebbins was in.stalled as pastor January 8, 1874, on the unanimous call of the congregation. The church edifice was completed in 1875. It is one of the finest ecclesiastical structures in the State, and cost sixty-five thousand dollars. The audience-room is seventy- six by eighty-two feet, and capable of seating eight hundred persons. The pews are absolutely free. On its completion the church authorities gave the following public notice : ■' This church has been erected with the money and the enterprise, mostly, of those who constitute this Pre.sbyterian organization ; but now that it is finished, its doors are to bo opened for public Christian wor.ship. It is meant to be a place where, ignoring sectarian differences and all social distinctions, the men and women of this city, not already provided, may worship the one God and Heavenly Father of us all. No person need feel himself or herself excluded because of inability to pay 'pew rent.' The sittings are not to be rented, they are not to be sold, nor is there to be any bidding for choice. Any one can have all the room he wishes by asking for it, and that, regardless of whether he pays much, or little, or anything, towards the support of the church. " The seats are distributed by lot to all who ask for them, and the church is supported by voluntary contributions. It is in a very flourishing condition, the present membersliip being two hundred and twenty. The Sunday-school con- tains two hundred and sixty-four members, and its library contains twenty-one hundred volumes. The session is com- posed of the pastor and the ciders. It is a representative body, and as such considers itself bound by the will of its constituents. The following are the present officers : Pastor, Henry H. Stebbins; Elders, W. F. Allen, W. I). Smith, Gilbert Mollison, Cyrus Whitney, George Seeley, John C. Churchill, Harmon D. Hamilton ; Trustees, W. II. Herrick, George B. Powell, 0. H. Hastings, U. M. Wheeler, O. F. Gaylord, J. W. Pitkin, S. B. Johnson, J. Owen, John Ould, 0. II. Hastings, president; F. B. Lath- rop, treasurer; J. Owen, clerk. 1C8 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NE\V YORK. SEniET SOCIETIES. Oswego Lodge, No. 127, F. & A. M. — A charter was prantod to tliia lodge September 21, 1819. It was re- etiart4ired July 20, 1847, when a dispensation was granted by tlic grand lodge of the State of New York, with Mathew McNair a.s Master ; V. F. Parsons, Senior Warden ; and Philo St«,'phen», Junior Warden. The charter-members were the above, with l-Mwin W. Clark, E!i;ia Trowbridge, Samuel Freeman, Stephen Bentley, Orlo Steele, Moses P. Hatch, James Bickford, and Sauford C. Peck. February 7, 184^1. the lodge received its charter, with P. F. Parsons, M. ; Philo Stephens, S. W. ; Piijlo W. Carpenter, J. ^V. ; James Bickford, T. ; and Edwin W. Clark, Sec. The present officers are as follows : Herbert A. Young, W. M. ; llimson A. Soule, S. W. ; Athelbert Cropsey, J. W. ; Ilaynes L. Hart, Treas. ; Simon B. Wilcox, Sec.; Alf. A. wJlli.igton, S. D. ; James E. Webb, J. D. ; George W. "\'ickery, Tyler. FuoNTiEK CiTV Lodge, No. 422. — A dispensation was granted by Hon. John L. Lewis (now the highest Mxson in rank and degree on' the western continent). Grand Mas- ter of the State of New York, on the Sth day of January, 1857. The following-named persons were the charter- members: F. P. Kilbuni, Chas. Parker, George Goble, Eilmund Nichols, Thos. Ferguson, G. F. Dixon, John McNair, W. T. Preston, George R. Rogers, Malcolm Bron- son, M. B. Dorr, James Clemond, J. M. O'Leary, George Rice, C. K. Stone, P. B. Mooney, J. N. Collins, Harmon D. Hull. The present officers are the following: W. Hancock, M.; Charles F. Steward, S. ^V. ; Frank Haven, J. W. ; C. H. Butler, T. ; E. Nichols, S. ; C. H. Powore, S. D. ; A. H. Pratt, J. D.; G. R. Skinner, Tyler. ..EoNi.\.N Lodge, No. G7I), F. & A. M., was chartered June 25, 1SG8, with the following members: Samuel B. Burchard, M. ; David P. Fairchild, S. W. ; Orlando W. Bates, J. W. ; S. M. Allen, R. C. Day, D. L. Couch, J. E. Philips, A. A. Bush, A. B. Randcll. The present officers are as follows : J. K. Stockwell, M. ; C. II. Treadwell, S. W. ; C. Y'oumans, J. W. ; D. L. Coucli, Treas. ; J. G. Allen, See. ; C. D. Bureh, S. D. ; J. M. Burr, J. D. ; S. D. Schau- ber, Org. ; T. Miller and John Seober, M. of C. ; II. E. Balcom, Pliy. ; Geo. Vickery, Tyler. Masonic board of relief is officered as follows : George Goble, Pres. ; George Warren, First V. P. ; John Smith, Second V. P. ; E. P. Hurt, Trtas. ; C. H. Treadwell, See. ; George Davis, C. H. Powers, and Jului Smith, Committee on Character. Lake O.ntario Chapter, R. A. M., was organized April 26, 185G, as Crocker chapter, No. 165. The char- ter-members were as follows, viz. : J. McNair, C. W. Clark, F. 1". Kilbourn, C. K. Stone, M. B. Dow, P. L. Cone, G. F. Dixun, A. Clark, and Geo. B. Rogers. The name was changed to Lake Ontario chapter. No. 165, R. A. M., March 7, 1864. The jirescnt officers are as fol- lows, viz.: J. Smith, M. E. II. P.; George Goble, E. K. ; H. L. Hart, E. S. ; D. L. Couch, Treas. ; J. K. Stockwell, Sec. ; E. A. Waterliouse, Cap. of H. ; C. A. Youmans, P. S. ; A. Cn.i.say, R. A. C. ; II. A. Young, M. Third V. ; Mr. Treadwell, M. Second V. ; J. W. Vickery, Tyler. The Masonic Life Association of Oswego was in- corporated .\pril 22, 1865, for the purpo.ewis, Jr., and Myron Paidee. The following-named gentlemen have occupied the position of president of the board, from its organization to the ]>resent ( 1877). Alvin Bronson, 1848-411 ; James Piatt, 1850; D. C. Littlejohn, ISal-fKj ; James Plaft, 1854; Frederiek T. Carrington. 1855; William Lewis, 185ti; Alvin Hronson, 1857; Frederick T. Carrington, 1858; 0.scar II. Hastings, 1859-6l»; W. I. Pre.ston, 18Gl-(!2; George 15. Sloan, 1803; Frederick B. Lathrop, 1SG4; Gil- bert Mollison, 18G5-fit;; A. H. Failing, 18G7; Cheney Ames, 18G8; Robert F. Sage, 1809; John K. Post, 1870; Benjamin Hagaman, 1871 ; W. D. Smith, 1872; D. L. Couch, 1873; Theodore Irwin, 1874; Isaac G. Jenkins, 1875; Williani R. Hosmcr. 187G; ami John Dunn, 1S77. The object of the board is to promote eijuitable principles in trade, to correct abuses, and generally to protect the rights, and to advance the interests, of the mercantile clas.se8. The officers for the current year are — President, John Dunn; Vice-President, Thomas Matthews; Secretary, J. B. II. Mongin ; Treasurer, 0. F. Gaylord ; Directors, 0. H. Brown, B. Hagaman, Robert Gordon, Wardwell Ames, C. C. Morton, D. L. Couch, and A. II. Failing. In ad- dition to the regular officers various standing committees are appointed, such as tho.se on Finance, Traiisportntion, and Harbor. The present membership of the board is one hundred and eight. It is in a generally prosperous condition. BANKS. The City Bank was organized. in March, 1850, with a capital of one hundicd and twenty-five thousand dollars, and was soon after increased to two hundred and seventy- six thousand dollars. The first officers were S. Hubbell Reynolds, president, and Delos De Wolf, cashier. Mr. Reynolds was succeeded by Hamilton Murray, who remained president until 18C5, when Mr. De Wolf became president, and hius officiated in that capacity t<> the present time. He was succeeded as aishier b)' David Mannering, the present cashier. The business was commenced in the old Oswego bank building, at the corner of Cayuga and Water streets. It remained there about two 3'ears, and was removed to its present location. TiiK N.\Tio.\Ai, M.VHi.NE Bank. — The Marine bank of Oswego was organized under the general banking laws of the State in 1850, and the following officers chosen, viz., Elias Root, president; TIioukls Kingsford, viee-|)reKidcnt ; John R. Noycs, cashier. William W. Mack, P. H. Wara'ii, Samuel Morgan, and Theodore Irwin were also directors. In the year 1805 it was changed to the National Marine bank, and Mr. Root became president, Thompson Kingsford vice-president, and Mr. Noyes cashier, and they have offi- ciated as such to the present lime. The following were the directors of the National bank: Elias Root, Thomas Kiiig.s- ford, Theodore Irwin, Thompson Kingsford, John R. Noyes, HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 171 W. W. Mack, and P. H. Warren. The following directors are deceased, viz., Thomas Kitigsford and P. H. Warren. The business was establi.shed in the building now occupied by them on tlie corner of East Front and Bridge streets. Lake Ontario National Bank. — The Oswego bank was organized in 1829, with Alvin Bronson as president and Edmund Knower cashier. This wa.s closed in 1842, and ill the same year the Commercial was also closed, the latter having been in operation seven years. In 1843 Luther Wright's bank was started, and continued until 1856, when it was merged with the Lake Ontario bank, and James Piatt became president and E. B. Judson cashier. In 18G5 it was changed to the Lake Ontario National bank. D. G. Fort succeeded JMr. Judson a.s cashier ; and on the 6th of July, 1870, Luther Wright became president. Cap- ital, two hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. This bank has had a long and successful career, and the business is now being closed. First National Bank. — This bank was organized on the twenty-third day of January, 1864, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. The following-named persons composed the first board of directors : Thomas Kingsford, Theodore Irwin, Elias Root, John R. Noyes, Amos A. Bradley. Thomas Kingsford was the first presi- dent, Theodore Irwin vice-president, and Amos C. Bradley cashier. In February, 1865, Thomas S. Blott became president, and the capital stock was increased to two hun- dred and fifty thou.sand dollars. In the month of January, 1866, I\[r. Bradley was succeeded by J. D. W. Case. The present directors are as follows : "Thomas S. Mott, John T. Mott, J. D. W. Case, John K. Post, and Dwight Ilerrick. The present officers are Thomas S. Mott, president ; J. D. W. Case, cashier. The Second National B.\nk was organized Janu- ary 26, 1864. The following-named persons composed the first board of directors : Leonard Ames, Alfred A. Hewlett, Gilbert Mollison, Isaac L. Mcrriam, Theodore W. Wells, Henry S. Condt', William Gardner, John C. Churchill. First ofiScers were as follows, viz. • Leonard Ames, presi- dent; Samuel B. Johnson, vice-president; and Henry S. Chandler, cashier. Mr. Ames has remained president of the bank from its organization to the present tinle^ Mr. Chandler remained cashier until July 1, 1864, when Mar- shall B. Clarke was appointed. Januai-y 20, 1872, George M. Williams w.as appointed vi'ce Clarke, deceased. Mr. Williams soon after resigned, and May 6, 1872, E. P. Burt was appointed, who officiated until December 23, 1873, when his connection with the bank ceased, and the office was vacant until April 22, 1874, when L. H. Conklin, the present county treasurer, was chosen to that position. Mr. Conklin remained cashier until February 28, 1876, when ho was succeeded by the present cashier, Hein-y 11. Carrier. Capital, one hundred and twenty thousand dol- lars. Oswego Citv Savings Bank. — This institution was incorporated by act of legislat\ire passed. March 4, 1859. The following-named persons were its incorporators: Wil- liam H. Herrick, Stephen H. Latlirop, William H. Wheeler, Thomas Kingsford, Royal L. >Iaek, William 0. Hubbard, Orvillc J. Harmon, John N. Collins, Enoch B. Talcolt, Joel Turrill, and Sylvester Doolittle. The first officers were as follows, viz. : Thomas Kingsford, president ; S. H. Lathrop, Orville J. Harmon, vice-presidents ; E. B. Taleott, attorney ; Henry L. Davis, treasurer ; Loren E. Goulding, secretary. The present officers are the same as upon the incorporation of the bank, except that Luther Wright is president, vice Kingsford, deceased, and 0. J. Harmon vice Taleott, deeea.sed. The present trustees are as follows: L. Wright, S. H. Lathrop, O. J. Harmon, D. Herrick, W. H. Wheeler, J. K. Post, S. Doolittle, J. N. Collins, W. H. Herrick, Gilbert Mollison, H. L. Davis. The Oswego County Savings Bank was chartered May 6, 1870. The following were the first officers and trustees, viz. : Officers — President, Alanson S. Page ; vice- presidents, John B. Edwards, Moses Merrick, Charles H. Cross; Attorney, Gilbert E. Parsons ; Secretary, Alonzo H. Failing ; Treasurer, Joseph B. Lathrop. Trustees, Alanson S. Page, Moses Meriek, (.rilbert E. Parsons, Delos De Wolf, Daniel L. Couch, Cheney Amos, Charles Rhodes, John H. Mann, Peter Lappin, Benjamin C. Turner, Jules Wendell, Harvey Palmer, John B. Edwards, Charles H. Cross, Alonzo II. Failing, Charles Doolittle, George B. Sloan, Samuel B. Johnson, John L. McWhorter, William Wales, Robert Scott, John Dunn, Jr., 0. M. Bond, Benjamin L. Stone, Andrew Miller. The present officers are as follows : President, John B. Edwards ; Vice-Presidents, Samuel B. Johnson, Manister Worts, Robert Scott ; Attorney, Gilbert E. Parsons ; Secretary, Alonzo II. Failing ; Treasurer, Joseph B. Lathrop. The Bank op Oswego was organized in 1871, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. The first offi- cers were P. Remington, president, and S. II. Lathrop, cashier. They are the present officers. mills and elevators. The milling interest of Oswego has long been the lead- ing business of the eity, and is destined to remain. The fine water privilege afforded by the Oswego river early stimulated capitalists to erect mills along its banks, and although several have been destroyed by fire, there are now twelve in operation, with sixty-five run of stone, and a grinding capacity of five thousand three hundred barrels per day. Below are given the names of the various mills, present proprietors, and their predecessors, — so far as we have been able to secure them, — the number of runs of stone in each mill, together with grinding capacity and number of men employed. The Exchange Mills were erected by Abram Varick, in the year 1834, and, after numerous changes in the proprietorship, in 1865 came into the pos.session of Jenkins, Hover & Co. Although the " Co." of this firm has changed from time to time, Messrs. Jenkins and Hover have remained, and are the present senior proprietors. The firm consists of Isaac G. Jenkins, Joseph Hover, J. A. Benzing, and J. B. H. Jlongin. The mill has five nin of stone, with a capacity of five hundred barrels per day. Employ forty men. Pkaul JIii.ls were erected in 1848, by William Lewis. They suksequently pa.ssed into the hands of Robert F. Sage, 172 IITSTOllY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOIIK. and in 1875 came into tlic possession of Jcnkios, Horer & Co. These mills liave five run of stone, with a p-indinf; capacity of four liundrcd barrels per day. The enterprising owners, in 1872, manufactured one hundred and forty-three thousand .seven hundred and twenty barrels of flour. Kecipuocitv Mir.LS and Ei.kvatoh were erected by George and Cheney Ames. They sub8ef|uently passed into tlie hands of Cheney Ames, and are now owned by liim. The mill has five run of stone, with u grinding capacity of three hundred barrels per day. Employ five men. Capacity of elevator, one hundred and fifty thousand bushels. Emi'Ikk Mii,i>s and Elevator were erected by Syl- vester Doolitlle, in 1813—44. They were destroyed by fire in the great conflagration of 1852, and immediately rebuilt by Mr. Ddolittle. In 18G4 tliey passed info the hands of Jenkins & IJoolittle, and in 1S74 Mr. Jenkins disposed of his interest to Benjamin Doolittle, the ]>resent owner. The mill is operated by Doulittl(!, Ames & Co. The mill has five run of stone, and a capacity of five hundred and fifty barrels per day. Employ twenty men. Capacity of eleva- tor, seventy thou.saiid bushels. WAsiiiNdToN Mills and Elkv.vtou. — A mill was erected on the site of the jircscnt Washington mills in 1842, by IVnfield, Lyon & Co., and was destroyed by fire in 1853. It was immediately rebuilt by the same firm, and is still conducted under the same firm-name, although Mr. J. B. Pcnfield died July 8, 1873. The mill has si.K run of stone, with a capacity for grinding five hundred barrels per twenty-four hours. Employ seventeen men. Capacity of elevator, three hundred tlxiusaiid bushels. SKKN.VNl)r).\u Mills. — These mills were purchased by Pcnfield, Lyon & Co., in 1852, as successors of Cochrane & Lyon. They liave five run of stone, with a capacity of nearly five hundred barrels per day. Euijiloy thirteen men. TiiK Seneca Mills were located at Sttncca Hill, four miles south of Oswego, and were erected in 1847-48, by M. Merrick & Co. The mill had fifteen run of stone, with a grinding ca[)aeity of twelve hutis. — H. W. Secber & IJro. are successors of tlie finu of Secber & Ormsby. Tliey are ex- tensive builders, and as evidence of their workmanship .stand the city hall and armory, two of the finest structures in the city. Woodruff's Sash and Ri.inu ^Iancfactory is located on East Secund street, near Cayuga, and is in suc- ce.s.sful operation. OsWEQO Planino-Mill, 0. >I. Blanchard, L. S. Blanch- ard, and W. P. Grannis, proprietors. — This establishment was founded in 1SG9. At the comniciicemcnt of business the annual product amounted to thirty thousand dollars. It now amounts to one liundicd and ton thousand dollars. Eni)ploy seventy-five men. This immense establishment uses two million feet of lumber per year, and has a capacity of two hundred doors per day, five hundred pairs of blinds per week, and one hundred windows jier day. The Oswego Malt-IIoise, Charles W. Pardee, pro- prietor. — This establishment was founded by Root & Ames in 1862, and the business was continued by them until 1864, when it was purchased by John V. Betz, of Phila- del]>bia, who conducted it until 1874, when it pas.scd into the possession of the present proprietor. Employs eight men. The building is furni.shed with all the modem im- provements, and has a capacity of seventy-five thousand bushels per year. Kingsford's Starch and the Oswego Starch-Fac- tory. — Fifty years ago starch was made chiefly from potatoes and wheat, the latter containing, next to Indian corn, the greater pro])ortion of the desired product. The starch so manufactured, of an inferior quality, was the best then known in the American market. A cliauge for the better was, however, soon effeeted by the perseverance of a single man, Thomas Kingsford, a native of England, and discoverer of the present method of extracting starch from maize or Indian corn. He was en- gaged in the manufacture of starch from wheat, but was, for some time before he tried any experiments, satisfied that a much better quality of starch might be obtained. He began a series of experiments by the u.se of a combi- nation of chemicals, wliieli resulted in decided improve- metits in the quality of the product. The history of these experiments is interesting. Mr. Kingsford had been made familiar with the use of chemicals while connected with extensive chemical works in England. lie had observed the peculiar qualities of our Indian euro when he came to this country, and in 1841 he suggested to starch-makers the practicability of extracting starch from its ripe grain. Til is idea was treated by other starch-manufacturers as visionary, while to his mind it ajipeared feasible. It took possession of much of his thoughts, and at the beginning of the year 1842, at his dwelling-house in Jersey City, he commenced a series of experiments to test his theory. Procuring a small quantity of Indian corn meal, he soaked it for a while, and then washed it through fine sieves, hupiiig to secure the starch. It remained only In- dian corn meal. He then obtained some shelled corn, soaked it for several days in the lye of wood-ashes, in order- to soften the grain, and sought to reduce the kernels to a pulp by the use of a mortar and |>e.slle. This done he washed out the starch from the other matter, but this was not a success. Then he tried a wliy; Sixth ward, Henry Quonce, Elisha 31. Fort; Seventh ward, Daniel P. Rich- ards, J. Adam Benzing ; Eighth ward, Thomas Murray, Francis Gokcy ; Supervisors at large, Wm. A. Rathhun, William H. Griggs; First and Third ward.s, Edward M. Paine ; Second and Fourth wards, Joseph Lee ; Fifth and Seventh wards, Thomas J. Dunn ; Sixth and Eiirhth wards, Frederick S. Smith. 1874. — Mayor, Benj. Doolittle ; Recorder, Wm. Lewis; Clerk, Herbert M. Harnian ; Treasurer, John H. Oliphant; Attorney, John C. Cliunliill; Aldennen, Fii-st ward, Geo. Goble, John Parsons; Second ward. Miles Kehoe, Michael C. Kane; Thii-d ward, M. M. Wheeler, Wm. B. Phelps; Fourth ward, J. C. Wellington, James P. Tuttle ; Fifth ward, Thomas Murjihy, Nicholas Sands; Sixth ward, Elisha M. Fort, Henry Quonce ; Seventh ward, J. Adam Benzing, Abram Buckhout ; Eighth ward, Francis Gokey, P. J. Cullinan ; Supervisore at largo, Owen Sheridan, Wm. McChesncy ; First and Third wards, Robert Lippincott ; Second and Fourth wards, Joseph Lee ; Fifth and Seventh wards, John Clary ; Sixth and Eighth wards, Nathan M. Rowe. 1875. — Mayor, Wm. A. I'oucher; Recorder, John B. Higgins; Clerk, Hcibert M. Harman ; Trca.surer, P. Pheljis; Attorney, B. F. Chase; Aldermen, First ward, John Pai-sons, John Navagh ; Second ward, Jlichael C. Kane, John Ediaud; Third ward, Wm. B. Phelps, David C. Hall; Fourth ward, Charles S. Newell, James P. Tuttle; Fifth ward, Nicholas Sands, Thomas ^lurphy ; Sixth ward, Eli- sha M. Fort, Henry Quonce ; Seventh ward, Abram Buck- liout, Frank Haven; Eighth ward, Patrick J. Cullinan, John K. Smith ; Supervisors at large, John Gardonier, William McChcsney; First and Third wards, Bronson Babcock ; Second and Fourth wards, John Smith, Sr. ; Fifth and Seventh wards, Juliii Clary; Sixth and Eighth wards, Nathan M. lluwe. 1876. — Mayor, Wm. A. Poucher ; Recorder, John B. Higgins; Clerk, Herbert M. Harman; Treasurer, Chester W. McElroy ; Attorney, Albertus Perry ; Chief of Police, Joel A. Baker; Aldermen, First ward, John Navagh, Geo. W. (Jiible; Second ward, John Kdland, Patrick Hartney; Third ward, David C. Hall, Wm. B. Phelps; Fourth ward, Charles S. Newell, Nelson S. Stone ; Fifth ward, Thomas Murjihy, James IIenne.s,sy ; Sixth ward, Elisha JI. Fort, Joseph B. Hubbard; Seventh ward, Frank Haven, Chris- tojiher Cusick ; Eighth ward, John K. Smith, P. J. Cul- linan ; Supervisors at large, Washington T. Henderson, John Gardonier; First and Third wards, Bronson Babcock; Second and Fourth wards, Joseph Lee; Fifth and Seventh wards, John Clary ; Sixth and Eighth wards, Nathan M. Rowe. COMPLETE LIST OF OFFICIALS FOR 1877. Mayor, Edwin Allen; Recorder, John B. Higgins; Clerk, Herbert M. Harman; Trea-surer, J. B. Phelps; Justices of the Peace, David B. Blair, H. A. Jones, Wni. Lewis, J. J. White ; Attorney, G. W. Cullinan ; Chief of Police, Joel A. Baker ; Surveyor, Nelson J. Harris ; Har- bor M;»stcr, John Blackburn ; Sesiler of Weights and Measures, William Boekus; Constables, John Fitzgerald, >Iarlin Murjihy, Patrick O'Brien, Frank Burgh; Col- lectors, Parker 0. Wright and Henry Lewis ; Board of Commissioners of Public Works, George Goble, E. A. Van Home, J. P. Wetmore, Thomas E. O'Kcefe; Street Superintendent, James Navagh ; Clerk of Board, James A. Beckwith ; Board of Fire Commissioners, B. B. Burt, Thoma.s Dobbic, Edward Mitchell, David M. Gorsline ; Clerk, G. N. Burt. Board of Police Commissioners, Wardwell G. llobin.son, Thomas Kehoe, Thomas \l. Butler, James A. Southwiek. (For Board of Education .see "Schools.") Aldermen, First ward, George W. Goble, Edward Hendricks ; Second ward, Patrick Hartney, Joseph Kinney ; Third ward, Wm. B. I'helps, Daniel Lyons; Fourth ward, Nelson S.Stone, Orrin Meeker ; Fifth ward, James Ilennessy, Thomas Murphy ; Sixth ward, Joseph B. Hubbard, William S. Turner ; Seventh ward, Christopher Cusick, Abram Buck- hout ; Eighth ward, P. J. Cullinan, George H. Stone. Supervisors, First ward, John H. Staats; Second ward, James Rogan ; Third ward, Bronson Babcock ; Fourth ward, Lorenzo W. Tanner; Fifth ward, Jeremiah Brieti; Sixth ward, Wm. McChcsney; Seventh ward, Justin B. H. Jlongin ; Eighth ward, Michael Kelly. Li.spcctors of Election, First ward, James Martin, Maurice Daly, Robert Oliver; Second ward, Matthew Maekey, Dennis Daly, Albert N. Hagenbruck ; Third ward, Wni. H. Young, Peter Mackin, John O'Rafferty ; Fourth ward, Oscar R. Goodrich, George Vickery, Jr., George Wafter; Fifth ward, Roger Scofield, C. J. Baker, John Brophy; Sixth ward. Aerial J. Murdock, Henry Mathews, Patrick Glynn ; Seventh ward, William Wallace, John Sleight, Jr., Michael Galvin, Jr. ; Eighth ward, Timothy Sweeney, William Glynn, George Schaffer. BiOGRAPlilCAL SKETCHES. WILLIAM FITCH ALLEN. William Fitch Allen, oldest son of Abncr Harry Allen and Cynthia Palmer, his wife, was born in the county of Windham, Connecticut, July 28, 1808. His parents re- moved to Schenectady county in this State in the year 1814. In 182G he graduated at Union college, and soon after commenced the study of law with Hon. John C. Wright, and completed his studies with C. M. and E. S. Lee, in the city of Rochester. In August, 1829, ho was admitted to the bar, and in the following month began the practice of his profession in Oswego, in partnership HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 181 with Hon. George Fisher, then about to take his seat in the Congress of the United States as the representative of this district, composed of Oswego, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence counties. Mr. Fisher retired from the practice of his profession in 1833, and in 1834 a partnersliip was formed between Mr. Allen and Hon. Abram P. Grant, which continued until the election of the former to the bench of the supreme court in 1847. He held various vil- lage, town, and county offices, and for several years offi- ciated as supreme court commissioner, and master and examiner in chancery. He served in the legislature of this State as one of the representatives of this county during the session of 1843 and 1844, at the first session acting as chairman of the com- mittee of ways and means, and at the last as chairman of the judiciary committee. In April, 1845, he was appointed by President Polk attorney of the United States for the northern district of New York, which office he resigned on taking his seat as a justice of the supreme court in 1847. In May, 1847, he was elected to the office of justice of the supreme court, and officiated in that capacity until the year 1863. While thus serving on the bench he was placed in nomination by the convention for the office of governor of the State of New York, but declined the nom- ination, choosing to remain on the bench, which he has adorned by his wisdom, learning, and impartiality. In 1863 ho was the candidate of the Democratic party for the office of judge of the court of appeals. In the following year he removed to New York city, and engaged in the practice of the law as counsel only, and remained in that city until his removal to Albany to enter upon the duties of the office of comptroller, to which he was elected in November, 1867. He was re-elected comptroller in 1869. He resigned that office in July, 1870, to take the office of associate judge of the court of appeals, to which he was chosen in May, 1870. His term of office will expire by constitutional limitation December 31, 1878. He received the degree of LL.D. from Hamilton college in 1857, and from Union college in 1864. Notwithstanding he has repeatedly been called by the favor of the people from the field of his chosen profession to positions of trust and confidence, both in the State and national government, and that he has always discharged the duties of the several positions to which he has been called with fidelity to the trust reposed in him, with honor to himself, and with satisfaction to the public, his future fame will rest more solidly, surely, upon the decisions he has ren- dered, upon the able and exhaustive opinions he has writ- ten, which evince such profound learning and great ability, and shed so much light upon the jurisprudence of our State and nation. In his political convictions he has always been a jiro- nounced Democrat, never, however, mingling in politics while upon the bench, although strong in his political convictions, and fearless in the expression of those convic- tions when occasion required. At the cxpiiation of his first term as justice of the supreme court of the fifth judi- cial district, in 1855, both political parties presented him as their choice for the same office for the succeeding term of eight years, and the legal profession of his district were unanimous in his favor, thus attesting in the highest man- ner possible the appreciation of his ability as a judge and his purity as a man. Future generations will regard him as the great lawyer, the able counselor, the wise judge, and the honest man. BRADLEY B. BURT. This well-known citizen is descended from one of the oldest families of New England, the genealogy of which he has traced with the same combined diligence and enthu- siasm which have made him an authority in local history, and to which we are so much indebted for assistance in this work. Henry Burt came from England to Roxbury, Massachu- setts, about 1C38 (only eighteen years after the landing of the Pilgrims), and his son Benjamin was one of the first settlers of Deerfield, in that State. The latter and his wife were both captured by the French and Indians, at the time of that event so sadly celebrated in New England history, the burning of Deerfield, in February, 1704. They were taken to Canada, ransomed, and returned in 1706. Two of his brothers were slain at other places by the same deadly foes. After his return he settled in Connecticut, whence his son, Daniel, moved to Warwick, Orange county, New York, in 1746. His son, also named Daniel, resided there until 1803. James Burt, a younger brother of Daniel, Jr., was one of the most eminent men in the county : a Revolutionary soldier, an assemblyman eight years, a State senator ten, and a jjresidential elector and chairman of the New York electoral college in 1840, at the age of eighty. The part taken by the second Daniel Burt and his sons in the early settlement of Oswego is mentioned in the historical sketch of the city. His fifth son, George W., married Amelia Benedict, and their oldest child, Bradley Benedict Burt, was born at Oswego, November 19, 1814. After attending the common and select schools of the vil- lage, he began reading law with Fisher and Allen in 1833. After three years' study with that firm and its successor, Grant and Allen, and one year in Utica, he was admitted an attorney of the supreme court in July, 1837. Mr. Burt practiced three years in Oswego alone, and one year as a member of the firm of Grant, Allen & Burt. In 1841 he was admitted a counselor of the supreme court. He was also within a few years admitted to practice in all the degrees in the court of chancery, the United States circuit and district courts, and the courts of the city of New York. From 1841 to 1844 he practiced in Utica, and while there (Juno 21, 1843) married Artemisia C, daughter of George Noyes, of Oriskany, Oneida county, and sister of the late William Curtis Noyes, of New York city. His children by that lady are three sons and a daughter. In 1844 he went iuto partnership with Mr. Noyes, in New York, where he remained three years. He then returned to Oswego, where he has ever since diligently pursued his profession. In 1863, Mr. Burt served as supervisor of the First ward. In 1868, he took into partnership his son, George Noyes 182 UISTOllY or OSWEGO COLMV, NEW YORK. Burt, tlien just graduntcd from tlie law school of Culuuibia college, and the firm-name has since been B. B. & (i. N. Burt. In 1870 he was appointed a member of the board of tire eumniis.sii>ncr8 of Oswefio, drew a term of one year, and was made chairman. In May last he was reappointed for four years, and again made chairman. As has been stated, Mr. Burt has paid great attention to local history, and his leisure hours are mostly devoted to historical, anti- quarian, and genealogical investigations. ELIAS ROOT. Elias Root was born in Fort Ann, Washington county, New York, on the !!Oth day of November, 1S06. The rudiments of his education were aciiuired at the village school at Fort Ann, and snb.se(|uently he studied Latin in a select school, taught bv Judgo E. D. Culver. He after- wards entered the Rutland county grammar school, and, at the age of eighteen years, was appointed a cadet in. the I'liited States military academy at West Point. In con- sc(|uencc of ill health he resigned at the close of one year,, and commenced teaching school in Newburg, Orange count}', New York, and continued in this honorable vocation with eminent success for a period of two years, when he formed a copartnership with Timothy Brewster, and began busi- ness as a merchant in the village of Newburg. Newburg, however, was not suitable for a young man of limited capi- tal, and he resolved to seek a more favorable location. He finally decided on the valley of the Mohawk, and settled in what is now the village of Mohawk, in the county of Herkimer. Mr. Root seemed to be peculiarly adapted for large transactions, aud hi.s ambition, integrity, and unthod- ical business habits served well for building up a large trade. He established a merchandising and general for- warding business, and during a period of twenty-live years successfully managed this immense businei^, the heaviest of the kind in that portion of the State. He was notoidy a successful merchant, but his affable and courteous manners won hosts of friends, and, when but twenty-two years of age, he was elected to the office of supervisor, defeating Jlr. Remington, of Ilion, one of the most popular and influential citizens of the county. lie was appointed loan commis- sioner, and was also chosen to the office of school commis- sioner, then one of the most iinpurtant and responsible positions in the ccmnty. While a resident of Mohawk, he assisted in organizing the Mohawk Valley bank, one of the first banking institutions established under the State law of 1840. lie officiated as vice-president a number of years while General F. E. Spinner, late treasurer of the United States, was cashier. In 185G, after a residence of twenty-four years, during which time he had ania.'«ed a fortune, and was ranked among the leading men of the county, he came to Oswego, and organized the Marine bank. This iiLstitution was changed to the National Marine bank in 18t)5. Mr. Root has officiated as president of both organizatiiins fnmi their incepticm to the |ire,scnt time. His traits of character, which rendered him popular in public as well as in social and business life while a resident of Herkimer, won for him the esteem and confidence of the citizens of Oswego, and in the yciir 1861 he wxs chosen to the assembly from the first district of (.tswegi), and the record of his services bears out the assertion that this county never was represented by a more faithful or efficient member. His devotion to the interests of the people of his county attracted the attention of Governor Morgan, and when in the following year war-committees were appointed in each senatorial district, for the purpo.se of securing the i)U0ta6 for said districts, he was appoiirted chairman of the com- mittee in this district, and officiated in that capacity during the war. His record as chairman of that eimimitti'e is one that he may well be proud of, and we " nothing extenuate, nor aught set down in malice,'' when we state that if to one man more than another the county of Oswego was indebted for the success of the committee, that one was the subject of this sketch. The people, recognizing the services that he performed during the Rebellion, returned him to the assembly in 18C5, and during both terms of service he was chairman of the committee on banks. He was chosen a member of the constitutional convention in 1807, and held a eommissiou from President Grant for collector of customs at this port for a period of more than six years. January 14, 1830, he united in marriage with Lydia Noycs, a native of Newburg, Orange county. Tlicir fainily consisted of three children, viz. : Emcline, De Witt, and James N. Emcline is the wife of John R. Noyes, cashier of the National Marine bank. De Witt graduated with high honors at West Point military academy in 1851, and was appointed lieutenant in the Third Artillery, then considered the best rcgimeut in the service. Alter graduating he obtained a furlough, and while on the western tour contracted fever, and died within two months from the time he left the academy. James N. enlisted in the war of the Rebellion, entering the ranks of tlie Twenty- fourth Regiment as private, and was subse(|uently promoted to captain. He was discharged at the expiration of his term of service, and re-enli.sted in the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Reiriment, and served with the gallant Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley. He re- sides in Oswego. Mrs. Root died October 5, 1871. March 20, 1873, he married .'Mary A. Chalmers, a native of Onon- daga county, who hxs resided in this city since throe years of age. Mr. Root is a self-made man. Early in life he learned that the way leading to success w;is no royal road, but wiis open to strong hands and willing hearts. " Honor and faiiu< from no conilitiori rise. Act Weil ^'our piirt, tlu-re nil the honor lio?." He early established methodical business habits, and his energy and j)crscvcrance, coupled with integrity of char- acter worthy of emulation, has rendered his life a success. Politically he is a Hepnblicaii, and has labored earnestly to advance the interests of that party. He manifests a deep interest in religious mattei-s, and his long and active business career has ever been characterized by a consistent Christian spirit. He is a deacon in the Congregational church. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 183 Simeon Bates is a native of Otsego county, New York, and was born on the banks of the Susquehanna, ten miles below the village of Coopcrstown, on the 15th day of March, 1801. In the year 1816 he left his native county, and, coming to Oswego, located in the town of Williamstown, where he remained on a farm until 1824, when he removed to Scriba. Industry and energy have ever been prominent characteristics of Mr. Bates, and while residing in Scriba he labored assiduously on a farm during the summer, and in the winter months manufactured pine lumber at Salmon river. During his residence in this town he also taught school four terms, and assisted in erecting the fir.st mill in the village of Oswego, called the Bronson and Morgan mill. In 1835 he located in Oswego and opened the first lumberyard, and became tiie pioneer shipper of pine lumber to the eastern markets. He continued in the forwarding business with eminent .'^ucccss during a period of twenty-five years, and since 1850 has been connected with the City bank. In the month of May, 1827, he united in marriage witli Mary, daughter of Major Hicl Stone, of Scriba. She died in September, 1860, and the following year he married Caroline Staats, who died in June, 1877. Mr. .Bates' family ha.s consisted of four children, one son and three daughters. The son and two daughters are living. He has ever had the confidence of his fellow-citizens in a re- markable degree, and in all matters concerning the welfare of the public he has manifested a deep interest, and in charitable enterprises has not only spent time but money in their advancement. He is unostentatious in manner, and his many acts of benevolence are not that he may be known of men, but through the promptings of a Cliristian spirit. He has been a member of the First Baptist church for a period of forty-five years, and is an honored member of the church and a consistent Christian. Ho has always been re- garded as a friend of education, and has oflSciated as a member of the board of education of this city ten years, and is also one of the directors of the Orphan asylum, River.side cemetery, and Home of the Homeless. Mr. B. has served as supervisor of Scriba and Oswego a number of years, and was treasurer of the village of Oswego when the fees amounted to the sum of only fifteen dollars per year. He has held two commissions in the military, one of which was signed by General Jackson. As a citizen, Simeon Bates has ever ranked among the most worthy, and in both public and private life his career is not only stainless but h:is ever been marked with a Chris- tian consistency. Mr. Bates is six feet and four inches in height, and weighs two hundred and fifteen j)Ounds. Al- though he is now past the scriptural age of threescore and ten, and time has silvered his hair, he is straight as" an arrow, and is still posses.scd of much of his youthful vigor and ambitiuu. 184 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOllK. FREDERICK T. CARRINGTON. Tlie life of Mr. Carrington was comparatively uneventful, marked by few incidents, save such as occur in the life of every successful incrcliant and business man. lie was em- pliatically a " man of affairs," industrious, sagacious, en- terprisinj;, and public-.spirited, — early developing those qualities which so largely contributed to his success in after- life, and made him so apt in originating and prompt and { efficient in carrying out schemes of public improvement. Ho WiLS born in Clinton, Oneida county, in October, 1802, and received his education at Hartwick academy, Cooperstown. Before attaining his majority he commenced business upon his own account, and made large and suc- cessful commercial transactions at Petcrboro', Madison county, to which place his father, Elisha Currington, had removed. Early in life he was married to Miss Louisa, daughter of Jlajor William Sliute, an officer in the army of the Revolution, and his wife survives him. Their eliildren died in infancy. At the sale of lands by the Suite in Oswego, in 1827, he became a jmrchascr of several parcels, and, in 1827 or 1828, removed to the then village of Oswego, and engaged in business as a hardware merchant, initiating, building up, and for many j'ears carrying on a successful trade with Canada and the west in stoves and other mercliandi.se. From his first investment, in 1827, until his death he was a large holder and owner of real property, having great faith in the future of Oswego, mani- festing sagacity and foresight in his purchases, and the result of his investments in real estate justified the wisdom of his action. About 1848 he, in partnership with Mr. Pardee, engaged in the manufacture of flour, and also in business as a produce and conmiission merchant. After the di.ssolution of the firm of Carrington & Pardee he as- sociated with himself in business Mr. William I. Preston, who up to that time had been a merchant in Wayne county. The business of Carriiigton & Preston wa.s that of produce and commission merchants, and in that businc.^ they bad an extended correspondence and did a large and profitable business for several years, and until Mr. Carring- ton retired from active commercial pursuits. Mr. Carring- ton was instrumental in obtaining subscriptions in New York and elsewhere to the capital stock of the Oswego and Syracuse railroad company, and in procuring the means for the construction of the road. A few years after the completion of the road he became the president of the company, and bringing to the conduct of its affairs the same tact and economy which he had exercised in the con- duct of his own, was enabled soon to make it a dividend- paying road, yielding a handsome return to the stockholders. He was the president of the coinjiany up to the time that he ellectcd a iiernianent lea.se of the road, at a good rental, to the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad com- pany. In 1844 or 1845 he became the owner, with Mr. Par- dee, of the hydraulic canal, on the west side of the Oswego river, known as the Varick canal, and the adjacent property, remaining the owner of one-half of the same until his death. He had large views, and took an interest in all that con- cerned the ])ro.sjieiity of the city of his residence, contribut- ing liberally of his substance to advance its interests and in aid of its institutions, e.speciall3' those of a benevolent character, and his charities to the poor were large and un- ostentutious, his sympathies going out readily to all in want. In social life, with a pleasant address, he was refined, unselfish, and courteous, attracting to himself the warm friendship of the intelligent and cultivated. In his business life he was just and honorable in all his dealings, and had the respect and entire confidence of those with whom he was brought in contact. He died at Oswego, August 25, 1875, and was buried near the tomb which he had just erected in Hivci-side cemetery. He was jiresident of thii cemetery association at the time of his death. MOSES PROUSE NEAL, son of James and Johanna Neal, and owner of the grand and substantial block which bears his name, was born in the parish of Moorwinstaw, count}' of Cornwall, England, April 22, 1828. His father was born in the same place, as also was his mother, whose maiden name was Pronse. In early life he lived with his parents on a farm, and re- ceived the usual education given by Farmers to their sons, until he reached his thirteenth year, when he was apjircn- ticed to William Riooks, of Chumbleigli, Devonshire, a merchant tailor, with whom he served the customary seven years before being promoted to a journeyman. Soon after the completion of his apprenticeship he made a study of cutting, and upon gaining a sufiicicnt amount of knowledge of the art was employed in the tailoring establishment of William Ration, Holsworthy, Devonshire, as a foreman. In the year 1853 he came to America, reaching Oswego a few days after the great fire which consumed nearly all the buildings on the east .side. A half-brother, Cajitain John P. Brooks, was at the time living in Scriba, and thither went .^Ir. Neal. While visiting he sought work, and soon obtained it in the store of E. Jerritt, at Scriba Corners. He remained with Mr. Jerritt, cutting and tailoring, one year, and while there was married to Miss llattie Winship, of Scriba. The union was a happy one, four children being born, of whom three survive. But the partner of his toils was removed by de.ith in the year IStio, just as prosperity began to smile upon him. In the spring of 1855 lie came to the city of Oswego, and found eniploynient in the tailor- ing establishment of David llarninri, rmiaining there six years. A desire to again see the laml of his birth came over him in 1801, and in the spring he sailed for England. After sj)eiidiiig several months in visiting the scenes of his childhood he again sailed for America, this time accompa- nied by his only living parent, his father, and arrived home in safety in October. His J'ather, though (juite aged, lived happily with him until death stepped in in 1874, and gath- ered the ripe fruit at the age of eighty-seven years. In November, IStil, the first year of the struggle of the United States, Mr. Neal commenced business for himself in a moderate little room in the second story of the Cozzens block. By attention to business and fair dealing trade in- creased so rapidly that he found liinisclf crami)ed for room, and the year following rented and occupied the store corner of East First and Bridge streets. After ivinaiiiiiig llieie y^ / h^rTi'^''('-eXci-\^ ^ \ Erastus &. Jones. f^ffs.ERASTus G.Jones. A \ •ay-. y // ^^^ ^A<-Ci (c o Utt_^ Mrs. Catharine YANRcNSSELAEft CocHifAN. ( Cap'!' Malcolm's MoTHCFi. j HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 185 four years he again found himself compelled to seek more commodious quarters, which ho did by removing to the Judson block just erected. In the year 1867 he was mar- ried to Miss Verona Gla.'.sford, of Oswego city. Four children blessed the union, but death invaded the peaceful fireside and removed one. Fortune continued her favors to Mr. Neal, and in the year 1871 he bought the lot on which the stately , magnificent block wliich beans his name now stands. On the site of the block stood for thirty-six years stone walls five feet in thickness, which were intended by the builder, Thcophilus Morgan, to inclose a grand hotel at the packet landing. In the spring of 1872 the erection of the new block was commenced, and notwithstanding the great expense and trouble attending the foundation (spiles had to be driven over nearly the whole surface to the amount of eight thousand feet) the imposing structure— a monu- ment to Mr. Neal's industry and perseverance — was finished in one year. In another part of our work can be seen an illustration of this fine buildin;;', wliich is not only a credit to Mr. Neal, l>ut an ornament to the city as well. WILLIAM SCHUYLER MALCOLM. Distinguished as this gentleman's ancestry are on his mother's side, they are only less so on that of his father. His grandfather. General William Malcolm, was descended from a powerful Scotch family, one of whom — Malcolm of Balbcadie — was created a knight-baronet by King Charles the Second. General IMalcolm served throughout the Revo- lutionary war with distinguished courage, commanding a regiment at the battle of White Plains, and taking part as a general ofiicer in many subsequent engagements. After the war he was during three terms a member of the State legislature from the city of New York. His son, Samuel Bayard Malcolm, was bred to the law, became the private secretary of President John Adams, and was honored with the especial friendship of that emi- nent patriot. His marriage with the daughter of General Schuyler, their residence at Utica and Stillwater, and his death in 1814, are mentioned in the biographj' of Mrs. Cochran. William Schuyler Malcolm was born at Utica, on the 23d day of February, 1810, and removed to Oswego with his motiier and step-father in 1825. He was educated for a civil engineer, but preferred a nautical life, studied navi- gation, and at the age of nineteen went to sea. At the end of two years, having made voyages to Smyrna, Leghorn, and the West Indies, he returned home, and immediately went to commanding vessels on Lake Ontario. For twenty- three years he sailed the lakes, commanding numerous vessels, both .sail and steam, many of which he owned. Among the .ships he commanded were the steamer " Os- wego," the propeller " Chicago," and the steamer " United States," then considered the finest vessel on the lakes. For a short time during the " Patriot war" of 1838-39, Captain Malcolm acted as deputy United States marshal, being especially selected, on account of his knowledge of tiie frontier, to prevent violations of the neutrality laws. 13 The part he took on board the steamer " United States," just before the celebrated affair at " Windmill Point," has been mentioned in the general historj'. In 1842 Captain M. was married to Eliza Lawrence, daughter of Richard Lawrence, Esq., of Oswego. She, like her husband, was a zealous member of the Episcopal church. Mrs. M. died in 1SG5. Captain Malcolm was elected one of the first aldermen of the city of Oswego, in 1 848, but aside from that has taken little active part in political life. In 1854 he was ap- pointed an assistant engineer in the United States civil ser- vice, being stationed at Oswego. This position he held until I860. Since that time Captain M. has led a less active life than before, though still owning some property in use on the lake. Captain Malcolm is the father of seven children : Cath- arine Schuyler, wife of Ellas Bastiu-; Mary Lawrence, wife of Douglas Beeson, of Erie, Pa. ; Philip Schuyler Malcolm, Emma Malcolm, Richard Lawrence Malcolm, William S. Malcolm, Jr., and Anna Van Ron.sselaer Malcolm. He has been for many years a warden of Christ church, and has always manifested a deep interest in its welfare. Few men have lived a more active life, few men are more widely known along the great lakes, and very few indeed display more vigor under the weight of sixty-seven years. MRS. CATHARINE VAN RENSSELAER COCHRAN. This lady was not only, as is well known to all the earlier citizens of Oswego, a daughter of one of the most illus- trious patriots of the Revolution, but represented a family that for more than a hundred and fiftj' years exercised an immense influence over the colony and State of New York. From 1G50, when Philip Pietersen Schuyler, an enter- prising young gentleman from Amsterdam, made his home at Beverwyck (now Albany) down to 1804, when General Philip Schuyler, the father of our subject, sank into the arms of death amid the sorrow of a nation, there was no time when some one of that family was not an eminent leader of the people. Colonel Philip Pietersen Schuyler was a man of mark under the l:)st Dutch governor of New Netherland and the first English governors of New York. His second son, Colonel Peter Schuyler, was mayor of Albany for twelve successive years. Exercising great influence over the Six Nations, he led a body of Muhawks and Dutch colonists through the wilderness of northern New York into Canada the year after the destruction of Schenectady (1691), and inflicted heavy loss on the French in retaliation for that terrible massacre. He was afterwards a member, and finally president, of the king's provincial council, chief commLs- siuner of Indian affairs, and for a time acting governor of the province of New York. His younger brother. Captain John Schuyler, led an expedition against Canada the sameyear a.s the Schenectady miissacre, though then but twenty-two years old. He after- wards hold many important stations, both civil and military, 18G HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. and was for ei^ht years n mcrabcr of the colonial assem- bly. Still anollicr brotlier, Areiit Schuyler, lociited in New Jersey, and fouiido*! an influcntiul family there, one of his sons having been the Colonel Peter Schuyler who defended Oswego against De Montcalm, as mentioned in the general history. The eldest son of Peter Schuyler, of Albany, Colonel Philip Schuyler, succeeded to his father's influence over both whites and Indians. For a long period he was a prominent member of the colonial legislature, a military leader, trusted to defend the colony against the French, and a commissioner of Indian afl'airs, who held nearly the same relation towards the Six Nations that was afterwards held by Sir William Johnson. His wife (who was also his cousin, being a daughter of Captain John Schuyler) was the subject of a book called " An American Lad}', " by the Scotch authoress, Mrs. Grant, — a work which is recognized as the pleasantest picture now extant of pre-revolutionary times on the Hudson. Numerous other members of this reniaikable family occupied positions of considerable impor- tance, both civil and military. One of the brothers of the lady just mentioned was John Stliuyler, Jr., at one time mayor of Albany. His eldest son, born in November, 1733, was Philip Schuyler, after- wards the distinguished American general and statesman. Entering the military service at the age of twenty-one, this Philip Schuyler was one of the most active and useful officers engaged in the old French war, and his services in Oswego County have been duly noticed in the general his- tory. He was one of the foremost leaders in the long civil opposition to British tyranny, and when his country was compelled to resort to arms he placed life and fortune at her service. Of his career as a major-general in the llcv- lution it would require far too much space to speak here, and it is too well known to make such mention necessary. Called to the senate of the United States after victory had crowi>ed our arms, he was one of the foremost members of that august body, and when at length he slept the sleep of death, five years after his friend Washington, all true Amer- icans mourned the loss of the patriot, the soldier, and the statesman. We have spoken at unusual length regarding the ancestry of Mrs. Cochran, for it is .seldom indeed in this youthful country that a single family presents such a long list of dis- tinguished members. Her own life was marked by much more of incident than usually falls to the lot of woman. Born at Albany on the 20th of February, 1781, nine months before the surrender of Cornwallis, she was almost literally rocked in the cradle of revolution. She was bap- tized in the Dutch Reformed church, General and Mrs. Washington being two of her sponsors. Her name was the same as that of her mother, who was a daughter of the distinguished family of Van Rensselaer. When only six months old she was the central figure of a most romantic yet terrifying scene. Though General Schuyler had withdrawn from the army, he was still active in the cause of his country, and the British and Tories were anxious to get possession of his person. He was aware of the fact, and a guard of six soldiers had been furnished him, three of whom were on duty at a time. Nevertheless, a bold ruffian named John Wallermeyer, accompanied by a gang of Tories, Canadians, and Indians, made the hazardous attempt. Just at twilight on a sultry August day the general and his family were collected in the front hall of his house in the suburbs of Albany. The three guards off duty were asleeji in the basement; the others were lying on the grass outride and not very vigilant. A servant announced that a stranger wished to speak with the general at the back gate. A trap was at once suspected, the doors were instantly barred, the family ran up-stairs, and the general sprang for his arms. Waltermeyer's gang surrounded the house, the three guards who were barred out fled, and the doors were soon broken in. The three soldiers below rushed up to the back hall where they had left their arms, but these had been removed by some of the family, and they were (juickly overpowered. At that moment it was discovered that the infant Catrina was asleep in |ts cradle in the basement. Margarita, the general's third daughter (then a bnive girl of twenty-two, afterwards the wife of the celebrated patroon. General Ste- phen Van Rensselaer), instantly rushed down the two flights of stairs, snatched up the child, and bore it to the upper rooms. As she fled up-stairs one of the cut-throats flung a tomahawk at the heroic girl. It whizzed past the bead of little Catrina, slightly cut the dress of Margarita, and was buried in the railing of the stair. A moment after Waltermeyer met her, but supposing her to be a servant allowed her to pass, exclaiming, " Hello, wench, where is your master'/ ' " Gone to alarm the town," replied the quick-witted girl. The general heard her, flung up a window, and called out at the top of his voice, — " Come on, my brave fellows, surround the house and secure the scoundrels !" A panic seized on the marauders, who immediately fled, cjirrying ofl" their three prisoners and a large fjuantity of silver plate. Such was Mrs. Cochran's infancy. As she grew up she was the friend and companioti of her father, accompanying him on numerous journeys, and constantly meeting the most distinguished society of the country, who always surrounded her father and her equally distinguished brother-in-law, Alexander Hamilton. At the age of about twenty she was married to Samuel Bayard Malcolm, a rising young lawyer, and, like herself, the child of a Revolutionary general. For many years the young couple resided at Utica, where General Schuyler had possessed a large estate. Four children were born to them there, two of whom died in their youth, the others being the well-known citizen of Oswego, Captain William Schuyler Malcolm, and his brother, Alexander Hamilton Malcolm. About 1812 Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm removed to Still- water, Saratoga county, where Mr. Malcolm died, in 1814. Mrs. .^lalcolm removed to Utica, where, in 1822, she mar- ried her cousin. Major James Cochran, a son of l>r. Robert Cochran, who had served with General Schuyler during the old French war, who married the general's sister, and who was surgeon-general of the American army during the Revolution. Major Cochran had himself been a member of Congress and a State senator. One daughter was born of this union, who died when but two years old. •^vU'^ Luther Wright was bom at Nelson, New Hampshire, on the 13th day of September, 1799. In the year 1806 he came with his father to the town of Rodman, Jefierson county. New York, where he remained, following agricul- tural pursuits, until seventeen years of age, when he com- menced teaching school. He continued in this honorable vocation during a period of two years, and subsequently entered the employ of Mr. Jesse Smith, of Smithville, Jefferson oounty, one of the most extensive merchants on the northern frontier. He remained in the establishment of Mr. Smith about seven years, when he removed to Tompkins county. New York. He successfully conducted a mercantile business in that locality until 1832, and in that year came to Oswego, then a small village, and engaged in the business of milling and forwarding, which he conducted successfully until 1842, when the entire establishment was destroyed by fire. In the following year he founded the Luther Wright's bank, which proved to be one of the most successful banking institutions of that period. He has since been engaged in banking, and is the president of the Lake Ontario National bank and the Oswego City Savings bank. His integrity, uprightness, benevolence, and truly Christian spirit won the confidence of his fellow-citizens in a remark- able degree, and he has been chosen to many positions of honor and responsibility, and he has ever discharged their duties with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the people. He waa one of the first subscribers to the stock of the Syracuse and Oswego railroad, and was elect«d its first treasurer ; he officiated in that capacity until it was merged with the Delaware and Lackawanna railroad company. He was also treasurer of the Lake Ontario Shore railroad company from its organization until ita sale to the Rome, Wateitown and Ogdensburgh railroad company, and was one of the projectors of the Oswego gas-light company, and the president of that company. It has been truthfully said, that all the public local enterprises of his day have felt the influence of his capital and the benefit of his advice. In 1828, Mr. Wright united in marriage with Luoinda Smith, who died in the city of Oswego in 1838. Two years afterwards he married Miss L. Bailey, a native of Adams, Jefferson county. New York. His present family consists of three children, two sons and a daughter, the wife of Mr. John T. Mott, of Oswego city. i. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 187 In October, 1825, Major and Mrs. Cochran removed to Oswego, waking their home on the east side of the rivor, at what is now the corner of Canal and Cochran streets, but was then a forest, where they both resided till their death. During her residence in Oswego, Mrs. Cochran was a zealous and devoted member of Christ church, the first Episcopal church organized in the place, and her life was in full accordance with her religious professions. In the words of one who knew her, she was honored, beloved, and respected by all around her : honored for her noble family connection, comprising the Schuylers, the Van Rensselaers, the Van Cortlands, the Livingstons, and the Hamiltons ; beloved for her many virtues and courteous manners, re- spected fur her native intellect and mental culture. Her husband died in 1848. Blrs. Cochran survived him nine years, and passed away on the 'I6th day of August, 1857, almost exactly .seventy-.seven years after the marau- der's tomahawk nearly blotted out her infant life. JOHN B. EDWxVRDS was born near old Tennent Church, Monmouth county. New Jersey, May 23, 1802. In 1807 he came with his fiither to the town of Lyons, Ontario county (^now Wayne), where he resided when Clinton inaugurated the movement for constructing the Erie canal. Mr. Eilwards worked one year as a laborer on the canal, and in the following year, 182(1, became a sub-contractor. His energy and great adaptability for this kind of work attracted the attention of Governor Clinton, and in 1822, tlien but twenty yearg of age, he was appointed superintendent, and faithfully dis- charged the duties of that position until the year 1824, when lie came to Oswego for the purpose of superintending the construction of the Oswego Canal Company's hydraulic canal ; and has since been engaged largely in the construc- tion and care of the docks and piers in this harbor. The late Gerrit Smith was an extensive property-owner in this city, and in 1831 his foreman in the construction of work in the harbor di.spleased him, and upon inquiry for a man who combined the necessary qualifications for the position with honesty and integrity, he was promptly re- ferred to John B. Edwards, whom he at once secured, and from that time up to the date of his death, embracing a period of forty-three years, he was the trusted agent of Mr. Smith, and still has charge of his estate in this county. It is a remarkable instance, and reflects much credit upon both principal and agent, that during this long period not an unkind word or act passed between them. In 1826 Mr. Edwards married Lydia M. Hall, a native of this State. Their family consisted of four children, viz., two sons and two daughters, all of whom are deceased. Mrs. Edwards died January 20, 1856, and was buried in Riverside cemetery. January 5, 1858, he united in mar- riage with Julia M. Imlay. His first vote was cast for De Witt Clinton, and he subsequently became an anti-Mason, afterwards a Whig, and upon the organization of the Republican party became an earnest worker in its ranks, where he has since remained. He was an abolitionist, and pei-foruied substantial service for the slave element, emulating in this humane work with his honored and philanthropic principal and friend, whose life was devoted in a great degree to the unfortunate victims of American slavery. He has been a faithful worker in the interests of the village and county, and has held the office of supervisor of Scriba, county coroner, president of the village, alderman of the city, trustee of the orphan asylum, and upon the organization of the Gerrit Smith librai-y was chosen a member of the board of trustees, and still officiates in that capacity. He is also president of the Oswego County savings bank. He became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church in 1828, and his active business career has ever been measured by the scale of religious duty and a God-like principle. He has given liberally to the support of the church, and in its general welfare manifests a lively interest, and was lay delegate to the last general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has now attained the age of seventy-five years, and during a residence of more than half a century in this city no man has won the esteem and confidence of the people in a greater degree. His fellow-citizens point to him as " an honest man, the noblest work of God." COL. EDWARD M. PAINE. This gentleman was born in England, on the 29th day of October, 1832. When but five years old ho was brought by his father, Mr. Edmund Paine, to Oswego, where the home of both lias ever since been. As the youth grew up to manhood in the frontier village, by the side of the lake and 188 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. the river, with the primeval forest not far distant, he showed a 8troii<; prcdilcctiun fur out-door sports, and at one time was considered one oftiic best in:iriv!(|.h Crawfi.id ( rroliibitionist ), by a OltVIKLH ItORT.NSON has occupied a ppmiinent |ilaec in the history of Oswego County. lie was born on the 28th of October, ISOl.at Richfield, in the eimiity of Otsego, and State of New York, — a town then quite obscure, but which has since become famous as one of the fashionable w'aleriiig-places of the country. His parents emigrated from New England at the close of the Revolutionary war to the then f.ir west, and took up their abode in the wilds of Otsego county. His early years were spent amid the hard.ships and privations of pioneer life. The only aid he received in acipiiring an education was from the scanty and precarious instruction of the district .school. His own energy and diligence did the rest. But in the struggles against these adverse circum- stances of his youth habits of industry and self-denial were lorined, and a vigor of body and of mind and a strength and firmness of character were develo]icd, which distinguished liini in aficr-years and enabled him to outstrip, in the race for the ]irizes of life, many of his conteniporarics who had cnjoved tiic advantages of the academy and ihe college. When about twenty-one years of age, Mr. Robinson com- menced the study of the law in the ofliee of the late Veeder Greene, at Hiighton. and finished his h'gal clerkship in the olliec of the late Daniel (iott, at I'cunpey Hill, in the county of Onondaga. William H. Shankland, afterwards justice of the supreme court for the si.xlh judicial district of New York, was his fcllowstudcnl in the office of Mr. Gott, and many lawyera who have attained distinclion re- ceived their preparatory legal training about the same lime at I'onipey Hill. In 1827, at llie May term of the supreme court held in the city of New York, Mr. Robinson was admitted to practice as an attorney of that court, and in July fiillowing he oj)ened a law-office in what is now the village of .^Iexico (then a small handct), in the county of Oswego. On the 12lh of July, 1827, lu- was married to .Nliss Lucretia Greene, of Richfield, a daughter of Wardwell Greene, and the sister of his fii-st inslruclor in (he law. Mrs. Robin.son was tiorn in I'ebr\iary, 1802, in the county of Schoharie, ami Stale ipf New York. Her father was a native of Rhode Island, and a relative of Major-Genera\ Nathaniel Greene of Revolutionary memory. He was also a soldier in the war of the Revolution, was severely wounded in battle, and for many years received a pension from the United Slates government. It should also be slated that both of the grandfathers of Mr. Robinson were citizen soldiers. Roth rendered active service in the so-called French war of 1755, and both, as ji-fyn^-i^ H^fLIvULTOi^ lyETJKyl^JVir. IIamilton Murray was born in New York city in the year 1804, the same year, as he often used to remark, that fleneral Hamilton fell, and only a few months after that sad event. After the usual preliminary studies, he entered Yale College, where he spent three years with credit to his capacity and character, finishing his course with honor. After gradu- ating he prepared himself for mercantile life. Subsequently he embarked in business, and became a prominent merchant in the city of New York. His career in that capacity extended through a number of years, some of them the most trying, financially that our country has ever witnessed. Ho was in the course of his business life a member of various firms, involv- ing many associations, and giving rise to an extensive experi- ence. "We will not attempt to pursue his business life, for it was similar to that of many valued men of the same generation who have stood in the same lot in life. In 1834 he went abroad for the benefit of his health. In the course of his tour of thirteen months he visited England, Germany, France, and Italy, and returned quite restored and prepared to resume his usual routine of duty, for occupation was ever to him a necessity and a pleasure. While Mr. Murray was a resident of New York he devoted much time, care, and thought to benevolent objects. He was for many years a manager of the Institution for the Blind, and to them a devoted, intelligent, and discrimina- ting friend and patron. He was one of the founders of the Northern Dispensary in that city. He was a member of the board of trustees of that institution from its organization for more than twenty years, until he removed in 1846, and the records bear testimony that " to no man more than Mr. Murray are the inhabitants of that city indebted for the present eleva- ted and prosperous condition of that institution, and its wide- 'spread and yearly increasing usefulness." To the poor, espe- cially the sick poor, he was ever actively benevolent. He also took great interest in the earlier efforts to improve public schools in that city, as well as in Oswego. Every one who knew Mr. Murray will appreciate how persistent, practicable, and devoted he was in whatever he took an interest. Although at the time of his death his connection with those institutions had been severed, he is still remembered and spoken of by those who were associated with him. About 1846, Mr. Murray having closed his most important connection with the city of New York, removed to Oswego, where he had become the owner of a large and valuable real estate. Since then, until the time of his death, he resided with his family at his country seat called " Greenvale," a place which was the work of his own hands, and which he named after the country seat of his father. During his resi- dence in Oswego he was ever active and efficient in promoting its material interests. He was one of the original stockholders and directors of the City Bank at its organization, and presi- dent of the same until the failure of his health in 1865, which compelled him to resign. He was also at one time president of the Agricultural Society of Oswego County, in which he took a deep interest ; a director of the Syracuse and Bingham- ton llailroad, and was active in initiating and promoting that work. He was likewise one of the board of trustees of the New York Inebriate Asylum at the organization of that in- stitution, and withdrew from the position after two years' service. A few years before his death, which occurred December 30, 1866, Mr. Murray's health began to give way, and although every effort which medicine and travel could suggest was made to remove the cause and restore him to health, he gradually and steadily declined. It is not necessary to enlarge upon the character of Mr. Murray. He was a man of large e.vperience in the affairs of the world, of decided abilities, of groat courage, perseverance, and industry, and of marked integrity. A good citizen, a benevolent man, a kind friend, an admirable son, a devoted husband and father, his praise has been spoken by many. We close in the words of one who knew him : " Having known him for many years, having esteemed and appreciated his many excellent qualities, both of mind and heart, we would add our tribute to his memory, feeling, however, that it might be more worthily done by a better pen." HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 191 captains of companies, shared in the efforts and perils of the American RevoKition. It flight be expected that the descendants of such an- cestors would not be deaf to the call of their country in lier hour of danger. Age had unfitted Mr. Robinson for the performance of military service in the late civil war, but his sympathies were with the government in all lawful efforts to suppress rebellion and maintain the union of the States, and his contributions to that end were freely given. His son, Colonel Ward well G. Robinson, however, under a call of the president for more men, closed his law-office, took command of the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment of New York Volunteers, went to the front, and continued in active service until his regiment was mustered out at the close of the war. In the first year of Mr. Robinson's residence in Mexico he was elected to the office of justice of the peace, and, in the succeeding year, to that of town clerk. In 1830 he was appointed by Governor Throop surrogate of Oswego County, and continued to discharge the duties of that office for eight years, having been re-appointed by Governor Marcy in 1834. In the years 183-1 and 1836 he represented the county in the assembly of the State; and, in 1837, the county being entitled to two members of assembly, he was elected as one of them. In the mean time his professional business had been in- creasing in extent and importance. He had been admitted to the highest grades of his profession in the State and Fed- eral courts, and had attained a prominent position among the lawyers of central New York. In 1811 he was appointed district attorney of the county, and held the office for two years. In 1843 he was elected to represent the newly-formed district, comprising the counties of Oswego and Madison, in the Congress of the United States, and in the same year he was elected supervisor of the town of Mexico. In 1847 he removed from Mexico to the then village, now city, of Oswego, where he has since resided. In 1853 ho was elected recorder of the city. The police duties connected with that office being distasteful to him, he resigned it during the same year. In 1855 he was for the fourth time elected to represent his district in the assembly of the State, and was chosen speaker of that body. In 1858 he was appointed by President Buchanan col- lector of customs for the district of Oswego ; and, after having discharged the responsible duties of that office ac- ceptably to the government and to the jiublic for two years, he resigned it, and has since held no official jjosition, and has taken no active part in political affairs. Mr. Robinson is now the oldest living member of the Oswego County bar. For the last twenty years he has not been actively engaged in the duties of his profession, but for the thirty years preceding that period he was a constant attendant upon the courts, representing numerous and im- portant interests. As a general lawyer he stood high. Those who sought advice at his chambers found him a wise and prudent coun- selor. But ills professional success was more especially due to the skill and ability which he evinced in the trial of causes at nisi jviiis. His addresses to the jury, though quite devoid of rhetorical embelli.shnients, were clear, forci- ble, and persuasive, and the earnestness with whicii they were delivered, united with the respect entertained for the speaker, made them very effective. The numerous and important official positions held by Mr. Robinson, both by election and appointment, suffi- ciently attest the respect and confidence with which he has been regarded by his fellow-citizens ; and when we consider that every trust committed to his care, whether public or private, has been intelligently, faithfully, and honestly di.s- charged, and that he has been enabled to spend his de- clining years in dignified retirement, free from the cares and anxieties of business, and in the enjoyment of the un- diminished confidence and respect of all who know him, we must pronounce his a useful and a succes.sful life. MRS. LUCRETIA ROBINSON died April 21, 1876, in the seventy-fourth year of her age. She was the mother of four children, — three sons and one daughter, — two of whom survive her. As a wife, mother, neighbor, and friend, she performed all her duties and obligations with a scrupulous regard to the right, and with a personal unselfishness rarely met with. She sympathized with the poor and afflicted, and, as far as in her power, relieved their wants. She encour- aged the weak, comforted the sorrowful, and animated the weary. Her religious belief was the result of a logical mind devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, and ani- mated with a strong desire to solve the mysteries and problems of creation. Her investigation and reflection led her to results at variance with her early religious impres- sions and opinions. To do good was the religion of her mature years. She believed in one Supreme Power unde- finablc and incomprehensible. She not only believed that the universe was governed by unchangeable law, but that physical and moral actions were subject to the same rule, — that every act, whether for good or evil, is unerringly visited by its appropriate consequences. She believed in the progressive development of all animated nature from a lower to a higher condition, and that man and the spirit was the ultimate result of such development. She believed in the immortality of the life of every animated thing, and that change was written upon all things, annihilation upon none. She believed in the individual, conscious immortal- ity of man ; that the Creator has made no mistakes ; and that man alone of all animated nature desires to live here- after, and if that desire was not to be gratified it would not have been implanted in iiis breast. So believing. Death was to her a welcome and kind mes- senger to relieve her from lier material body which had served her for so many years and had perf'urmed the object of its organization. For her Death threw open the dour that she might enter upon a new state of eternally-cdiitiinK d progressive existence. 192 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOKK. >IILITAi:V KKlJUllL) OF OSWEGO CITV. Patrick Farrcll, private, 147th Regt. Ealialcil Sept., 1802. JuiniD O'Cuniior, priv. Enliplid May, ISCl ; re-inlM July 20, 1803. William Jenkins, private, UOtli Ki'gt. EnlieteJ July, ISO:). t'liarUrs HiU-y, private. Ma^s. Kegt. Olivur I'ulliii, private, 16th Cav. Kniitteil Dec. 28, 1803. JuKvph Allen, private, ICth Cav. EnliBlcl Jaii. &, 180J. John O'ISrien, private, 21th N. Y. Cav. Euliated Dec., 1S03. Anthony (irilBn, private, 117th Kegt. Eulisled .Sept., 1802; pro. to serg't; woun.Kil at Cold llnrhur; di?. April 9, 1883. Edward A. Davi^. private, 81st. Enlisted .\ug., 1801 ; rc-eDl'd twice; all through war. Williniu I. (iillctt, let serg't, 117th Kegt. Pro. to licut. and caplain, ISO I. Owen Ilendcrfon, private, ISJth Kegt. John l)urn», private, 50th N. Y. Eng. Enlisted 1804. Wni. 11. AlcMillen, private, 4th N. Y. Jl. Art. Enlisted Oct. R, 1801 ; ili.><. May, 1863, for disab. Rol.crt McMillcn, private, N. Y. Vet. Cav. Enl'd Aug. 1, 1803. David MeMillen. Enli.'ted Oct., 1861 : re-enl'd Nov., 1803, in N. Y. Vet. Cav. Franein MeElroy. Enlisted Nov., IS61 ; (J. M. Serg't in 4th N. Y. II. Art. Charles Van Villiey, private, 147th Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1802 ; pro. to serg't ; wounded at llntehcr's Kun. George II. Peckhiun, iirivate. fitli H. Art. Enlisted Dec, 1803. Joseph Wilson, private, 193d Kegt. Enl'd Feb. 28, 1S65. John Wilson, private, rj3d Kegt. Enl'd Feb. 28, 1865. Daviil Wilson, private, 147th Kegt. Enl'd Jan. 1, 1864. Alexander Penlield, jirivate, 24lh N. Y'. Enl'd April, 1861 ; served out tiuio; reenl'd; served out time in 147th Kegt. Pylvester R. Town, capt.. 184lh Kegt. Enl'd Aug., 1864. Kichard .S. Town, private, Islth Kegt. Enid Aug., 1864 ; pro. serg't. John J. Town, (irivBle. lS4lh Kegt. Enl'd Aug., 1864. James B. Penlield, Jirivate, 24th X. Y'. Vol. Enl'd Sept., 1861 ; w'd at Cold Harbor. Mark Jebro.'privale, llflth Kegt. Enl'd IS63; w'd at Port Hudson. James Norman, private, 2ltt N. Y. Bat. Enl'd Sept., 1862. Neil Blackwood, private, 15th N. Y. Cav. Enl'd Aug., 1863. Wm. Illackwood, private, ISlth N. Y'. Enlisted Oct., 1864 ; w'd at Cedar Creek. Frederick Rathbun, private, 24th N. Y. Cav. Enl'd Jan., 1804. George Brown, jirivale, 16th Kegt. Enl'd Jan., 1865. James A. Doolittle, 1st lieut., Slst N. Y'. Enl'd Oct., 1801 ; trans, to brass band .Jan.. 1802. Parker O. Wright, private. 24th N. Y. Enl'd Oct., 1861 ; lost an arm ul battle 2d Hull Hun. Frederick Turrill, private. Enl'd Aug., 1804; promoted 2d lieut., 1804, in 184th Kegt.; aid to lien. Carr. John W. Denehfield, private, 110th N. Y. Enl'd Aug., 1862; pro. 1st serg't., April, 1801. George Richardson, Ist serg't, 2d III. L. Art. Enl'd Sept., 1802 ; Deo. 21 jiro. to 2d licut.; then Ist lieut.; was in fourteen battles with Sherman, from Tenn. to Georgia; pro. fur bravery on field. James Eggleston, private, navy. Enlisted Sept., 1864. James Lyon, 1st licut., 1st N. Y. Cav. Enlisted March, 1862; pro. captain ; aid to Gen. Hatch. Fred. Walker, private, 12lh N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Jules Deit7., private, I47lh Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1803. Henry Knapp, private, 24th Cav. Enlistcii Jan., 1804. Jared A. Smith, captain, Keg. .\rmy. Nathaniel A Wright, private, 2llh N. Y. Enlisted April. |si',l ; ,,ro. Ist serg't June, 1861; re-eul'd 147lli Kegt.; made capt. Sept. 23, I8C2; w'd at Gettysburg. John Chase, Corp., 24lh N. Y. Enl'd April, '61 ; pro. serg't Sept., '02. Harney Riley, private. 9th 11. Art. Enlisted Jan., 1803. Owen Kiley, corp., 1 17th Kcgl. Enlisted Aug., 1802. Charles T. Rioliardsun, lieut.. 24th N. Y. Vol. Enlisted May, 1801. Delos Gary, capt., 1 17th Vol. Enl'd Sept., 1802 ; w'd at Gettysburg. Harvey D. Talcott. adj't, 1 lOlh Kegt. Enlisted July, 1802; resigne.l on account of sickness. Wm. Proud, Corp., 24th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Jan., 1804. James McFay, private, 147th Kegt. William Pradt, private, 1 17th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 21, 1802. W. H. Pradt, private, 147th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 21, 1802. Hiram Bundy, private, N. Y. Art. Enlisted Aug., 1802. Chas. W. Vorse, private, 11th l'. S. Inf. Enlisted March, 18C5. Harris 0. Wilco.\, private, 184th Kegt. Enlisted Sept. 15, 1864. William M. Fuirtile, private. 181th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 22, 1804. Donte Pero, private, 9th N. Y. H. Art. Enlisted Jan. 10, 1804. Richard Maloney, private, Co. H, 16th U. S. Inf. James McKinney, private, 81st N. Y. Enlisted Jan., 1862, John Alahoney, jirivute, 16th U. S, Inf. Enlisted Jan., 1864. James E. Goble, private, 193d N. Y. Enlisted Jan., 1865. John Blackburn, navy. Joseph Shalkenback. captiin, 21th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Nov., 1863. Ernest .Shalkenback, drummer, 147th Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1862. John G. .\llen, capt., 21th N. Y. Cav. Enl'd Jan., 1864, and resigned. Hugh Fitzsiuimons. private, 21st N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Feb., 1863. Niel Illackwood, Jr.. private, I2th N. Y. Cav. Enl'd Aug. 15, 1802. Smith M. Thompson, private, regular army. Patrick Slatterly, lieut., 147th Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1862; promoted captain, Jan., 1863; wounded at Gettysburg; discharged. John Fairman, (irivate, 24lh N. Y. Cav. Enlisted March 21, 1863; died in service at Petersburg, 1864, Edward Larrabie, private, I5th Cav, Enlisted June, 1803: died or killed at Petersburg. John Wetherby, Corp., 147th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1802; died from wounds received in service at Salisbury river. Alexander Dolferty, private, 25th N. Y. Vols. Enl'd Apr. 20, 1801 ; died from disease, May, 1865. Chas. Elilridge, private, 147th Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1862; died in service at Belle Isl.ind, Feb., 1804. Michael Jordan, private, 147th Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1802; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1803. Peter Plant, private, llUth Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1802; died from wounds at Washington, .Aug., 1803. Jas. C. Cooper, private, 2llh N. Y. Vols. Enlisted Oct., 1801; died from disease at tJswego, Feb., 1863. John Eumpry, private, 147th Regt. Enlisted Sept., 1862. Francis Brown, private, 16tli U. S. Inf. Enlisted Jan., 1863. Wm. L. Yecklcy, lieut., 24th X. Y. Enlisted in 1801, and re-enlisted captain 193d, Co. I; served out time. John A. Y'eckley, sergeant, 24th X. Y'. Enlisted in 1861. John Hilibard, private, I47th Kegt. Joseph J. Bclanger, jirivatc, 15th N. Y. Cav. Ed.v Malclt, private, 81st Kegt. Frank Levy, jirivate, lUth Cav. Peter Levy, jirivate, 16th Cav. Peter .Anderson, jirivate: regiment not known. John Roxbury, jirivate. Died .Apr., 1865, at St. Louis. .Tosejih Budict, jirivate. Enlisted Dec, 1863. Michael .Meagher, private; regiment nut known. James 'ruiiia, private, 181st Kegt. Enlisted Sejil., 1803. Will. E. .Ayers, jirivate; regiment not known. Antoiiio Dilerm, jirivate, 24tli Cav. Enlisted Jan., 1861. lleury Polctt, private. Kith N. Y. Regt. Enlisted Feb., 1864. Johnson Smith, jirivate, 24th Cav. James Smith, jirivate, 2l>lh Cav. John llourigan, jirivate, 81st N. Y. Vols. Enlisted in 1862. James .McCormick, jirivate, 81st N. Y. Vuls. Jerry Hourigan, private, 21st X. Y. Battery. Patrick Hourigan, jirivate, 21st N. Y. Battery. Charles Chceiiey, Jirivate, M7th Kegt. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1863. Frederick Bateiniin, jirivate, 81st Regt. Enlisted 1862. Kilgene Lafayette, jirivate, 193d Kegt. Dennis Shauilian, [irivate, 5tl|h \. Y. Eng. Enlisted Dec, 1863. Josejih llickey, jirivate, 24lll Cav. John G. Claus, jirivate, 147th Kegt. Enlisted Aug., 1863. Joseph Lavick, jirivate, 24tli Cav. Enlisted Jan. 2, 1864. Archibald II. Preston, captain, 24th Kegt. Ke-enlisted Jan. 2, 1864 ; cajitain in 193d Kegt.; honorably dischargeil. Thomas Cole, private, 124lh Kegt. Enlisted 1864. Henry C. Jacobs, private, Co. H, llOtli Regt. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Wm. Bums, jirivnte, lOtli Regulars. Enlisted Jan., 1864. John .Mai'inloch. lieutenanl, 81st Kegt. Ke-enlisted Sept 27, 1803; eajilaili, I 17lh Regt. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 193 Loon Anderson, private, 24th Cav. Enlisted Feb., 1863. Tliomas Pierce, private, Co. K, fCtli N. Y. Vuls. Knl'd Oct., 1864. Jdlin Byron, private, Slst Regt. Honorably di.«cliargeil. James Doyle, captain, 110th Regt. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Ogdcn ISlouinficld, private. John W. Fish, cajitain, 193d Regt. Patrick Gary, lieut., 24th Regt. Enlisted 1862. Charles F. Lewis, orderly, 24th Regt. Served out his time; re-enl'd 193d Regt., lieutenant. Qustavus Robinson, sergeant, 15th N. Y. Cav. John Davison, private, tilth Regt. John Halloran, private. Jaraes Taylor, sergeant, 147th Regt. Wni. E. Miller, private, Slst Regt. James Scruton, private, 6th N. \. Benson Shar]i, corporal, Co. D, 184th Regt. Kicrson Sharp, private, Co. D, ISlth Regt. Wallace W. Dean, private. 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1863 : pro- moted to corporal April, ISe.'i. Myron D. Dean, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Fob. 11, 1865. Chas. B. ILiyes, private, 181st Regt. Enliste.l Marcli, 1864. Ed. Snyder, sergeant, ISlth Regt. Enlisted Aug. IS, 1S64. Asel Jackson, private, 26th N. Y. Enlisted 1864. John Welch, private, 24th N. Y. Chas. C. Gibson, sergeant, 21st N. Y. Battery. Enlisted 1S62. John Harrington, private, 147th. Enlisted Aug., 1863. Thos. McGuire, private, lS4th. Enlisted Aug., 1S64. Alonzo Seeley, private, ICth U. S. Inf. Enlisted 1863. John Alkin, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Jan., 1861. Peter Moran, sergeant, 110th N, Y. Enlisted Aug., IS63. Robert Study, corporal, 16th U. S. Inf. Eulisted Nov., 1863. Lewis Cutway, private, ISlth Regt. Charles Derosier, private, 9th N. Y. Art. Enlisted Jan., 1864. Had. Barterne, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1863. Peter Barterne, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1863. James McGinn, private, 110th N. \. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Henry J. Mcratt, private, 9th N. Y. Art. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Lewis Young, private, Slst N. Y. Enlisted Jan., 1864. John Danger, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1S64. Thos. Danger, musician, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1864. Martin Holleiisbeck, private, 110th N. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Augustus Ilagenbach, private, Slst N. Y. Re-enl'd 12th N. Y. Art. William Ormsby, private, 21th N. Y. Re-enlisted March, 1S64. John Hamlin, private, 21st N. Y. Eulisted 1864. William Adams, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted March, 1864. Robert Gittens, Jr., private, 110th N. Y. ; promoted twice. Leonard Hines, musician, 24th N. Y. Enlisted July, 1861. Augustus Berry, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1864. Henry Lcroy, private, Slst N. Y. Enlisted March, 1864. John MeMartin, private, 16th U. S. Inf. William Ormsbery, private, 110th N. Y. John Featberstone, private, 147tb N. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1862. William Featberstone, private, 147th N. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Charles Demon, private, Slst N. Y. Re-enl'd 16th U. S. Inf. Robert Dor.-i, private, 147th N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1S62. Joseph Gregwire, sergeant, Slst N. Y. Killed at Oold Harbor, 'Va. Henry H. Street, private, 110th N. Y. Died New Orleans Hospital. John Hamlin, private, Slst N. Y. Killed at Fair Oaks, Va. David Nichols, private, 147th N. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1863. Joseph Gadwood, private, 16th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted May, 1863. Prank Gadwood, private, 23d Mich. Eulisted August, 1863. Ale.vander Gadwood, private, 14th U. S. Inf. Enlistetl October, 1863. Lucius Culver, private, 1st N. Y. Art. Enlisted March, 1864. George B. Seoville, musician, 16tb V, S. Inf. William Schokensy, sergeant, 110th New York. Charles Cliff, i.rivate, ISlth N. Y. Enlisted August, 1864. AVilliam 0. Culver, private, 19th N. Y. Enlisted April, IS61. Frank Virginia, private, 147tb N. Y. Killed at Gettysburg. John I!. Audlin, private, 147th N. Y. In nine battles. .lohn H. Collins, captain's gig, U. S. Navy. Charles Goodwin, private, 12th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted August, 1S62. Samuel Houstcm, cook, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1864. Peter W. Garvin, private, 193d N. Y. Enlisted .lunuary, 1865. William Turner, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted March, 1864. Francis McGill, privat*, Slst N. Y. Eulisted October, 1862. Jaraca R. Kent, private, Slst N. Y. Re-enl'd 1864. John Thompson, private, N. Y. Cav. Prisoner at Andorsonville. Henry Thompson, private, December, 1863. Jeremiah Thompson, private, December, 1S63. Albert Jackson, private, 26th N. Y. Enlisted January, 1863. Robert Kent, ])rivate, Slst N. Y. Wounded at Fair Oaks. Peter Welch, private, 20th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Aug., 1863; died January, 1865. Lewis Merion, private, 35th N. Y. Enlisted April, 1861. George L. Leno.\, private, 147th N. Y. Enlisted September, 1862. Richard Dorsey, private, 24th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Jan. 15, 1864. Albert D. Aycrs, private, 24th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted February, 1864. Hiram Wiley, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted 1S64. Anthony Deno, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted December, 1863. Joseph Topaw, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Enlisted January, 1864. John Ryon, private, S4th New Y'ork. Enlisted September, 1864. Napoleon Merion, private, 9th New York Art. Enlisted Dec, 1863. John Ford, private, 5th N. Y. V. Killed at Yorktown. Charles Dyer, private. Enlisted July 27, 1S64. John W. Benton, sergeant, 15th U. S. Inf. Enlisted Feb., 1861. James Lilly, musician, 16th U. S. Inf. Edward Gallagher, private, 110th N. Y. Enlisted Aug , 1862. Noble T. Barnes, private, ISlth N. Y. Enlisted August, 1864. John Marsh, private, 110th N. Y. Enlisteil August, 1862. Warren Barnes, private, 2d N. Y. Art. Enlisted August, 1864. Lewis T. Tellers, private, UOtb N. Y. John Fenton, private, Slst N. Y. Enlisted August, 1862. William McGaB'rey, private, 5th N. Y. Art. Benton C. Barnes, private, 24th N. Y'. Re-enl'd Sept., 1S63; lost a leg. Francis Ricard, private. 16th U. S. Inf. Michael Mahonoy, drummer, 16th U. S. Inf. Edward Hughes, musician, 16th U. S. Inf. Theophilus Byron, private, 5th N. Y. Cav. Gilbert Kerlin, private, 184th N. Y'. Enlisted Scjit., 1S64. Joseph Jones, private. Slst N. Y. Enlisted 1861. James Kecuan, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Levi Fish, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Joseph Coppernall, private, llOih N. Y. Enlisted 1863. James II. Eastwood, sergeant, 21th N. Y. Cav. Died in hospital. Loren Barnes, private, Slst N. Y. Enlisted 1861. Andrew Dennis, private, 24th N. Y'. Cav. Killed at Gettysburg. Joseph Pirchey, private, 16th U. S. Inf. Henry L. Wallace, private, llOth N. Y. Enlisted 1862. Thomas McGann, private, 184th. Enlisted August, 1864. Thomas Conway, private, 147th N. Y. Michael O'llara, private; Navy. John O'Hara, private. Navy. Albert G. Hitchcock, private, 14th N. Y. Art. Enlisted Jan., 1862. David Shay, private, Slst N. Y. Enlisted 1861. Charles O'Connor, private, 77th Penn. Eulisted Dec, 1861. William Boyee, private, 147th N. Y'. Pro. to lieut.; in twenty-four regular battles. George W. IMillcr, private. John P. Miller, sergeant, 12th N. Y. Cav. Augustus Ambreeh, sergeant, 1st U. S. Art. John A. Judson, appointed A. A. A. Gen., 1st Brig., 1st Div., 1st Army Corps. Enlisted March, 1862. Thos. Moore, Jr., 1st sergt., Co. I, llOth N. Y. Enlisted August, 1862; promoted 2d lieut. August, 1863; promoted to 1st lieut. May, 1864; disciiarged with regiment. Patrick McDonald, private, 110th New York. Enlisted Aug., 1862. George W. Hammond, sergeant, 16tli United States Infantry. Henry Morgan, private, 16th U. S. Infantry. Enlisted Aug., 1861. William Finnesey, private, 24th N. Y. C. Enlisted January, 1861. James G. Foot, private, Slst N. Y. Promoted three times; re-cni'd. John Foot, private, 61th New York. Enlisted 1863. John Sampson, private, 147th New York. Enlisted .\ugust, 1863. John Warner, private, 147th New York. John Driscoll, private, 16th United States Infantry. George Sylvester, corporal, 24th New York. Enlisted 1862. Benjamin Peterson, private, 20th New York Cav. Enl'd March, 1864. Andrew Coan, private, 147th New York. Enlisted September, 1S62. Oliver Leroy, private. 147th New York. Enlisted September, 1862. Patrick Welch, private, 21th New York. Enlisted June, 1861. •lames Naven, pri\'ate, 21th New York. Enlisted June, 1861. 194 IHSTOllY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW Y015K. Tbos. Kenjon, prirato, 21tb New York. EDliatod Juno, 1861. Patrick Dcamond, priralo, 12tli \. Y. Car. EnlM AuguJt 5, 1862. Jiilin Lai'crn. corporal, I47ib New York. EnlislcJ Soptombcr, 18li2. Charli-it Uaymond, private, lOtb I'nitcd States Inriintry. Charles Lcvere, private, 16th United Slates Infantry. Edward (lardncr, sergeant, 86tb New York. l(e-enlisted. Francis Lyttlc. private. Enjjineer Corps. l!enry Finn, private, 24tb Cavalry. Enliiited Deeeinhor, 1863. George -Malott, private, 16th I'niled Stales Inf. Enl'd Dec., 1863. Francis Malott, .Ir., private, lAtb I'nited States Infantry. Jauieii Cluney, private, 24th New York Cnv. Enl'd December, *63, John Steele, private, 184th New York. Enlisted September, 1864. Oscar Knight, private, 20lh New York Cav. Enl'd September, '63. Elmer Knight, private, 20th .New York Cav. Enl'd Siptember, '63. John Kelley, private. 2d N. Y. II. .\rl. Enlisted January. 1864. David C. Tracey, private, 2Ut N. Y. Art. Enlii^ted October, 1862. Wm. L. Cornwell, private, 12th New York Cav. Promoted to sergt. James II. Tracey, private. IlOlh New York. Enlisted July, 1SC2. Kiehanl Emmons, private, 147lh New York. Enl'd August, 1862. William .Moore, Jr., sergt., 81st Now York. Copt. 20th N. Y. Colored Infantry. John II. McDowell, private, 184lh New York. Enl'd Sept. 4, 1864. Frank Leroy, private, 16tb Unitc'd Slates Infantry. John Leroy, Jr., private, 16tb United States Infantry. John Newton, Jr., private, Slst New York. AVounded at Fair Oaks. John llattigan. 1st lieutenant, 24tb New York. Promoted to captain. Edward Gaines, sergeant, 184th New York. Enlisted Sept., 1804. Peter Dowdle, private, 184th New York. Enlisted August, 1864. Thomas Karson, j>rivatc. Charles O'llura, private. Morris Derosia, private, ICth United Slates Infantry. James Duriint. private, 1171b New York. Enl'd September, 1862. Edwunl Hums, private, llith United Slates Inf. Enid Ajiril, 1 S64. Samuel N. Story, private, lOtb United .'States Infantry. Harvey N. Story, private, 16lh United Stales Infantry. William Dencber. private, 161b I'niled States Infantry, Cor. S. Gerow, private, 16tb United Slates Infantry. Cbauncey E. Vaughn, private, ISItb New York. Charles liosworlh, ])rivute, 24lh New York Cav. Enlisted 186.1. Erlwin Antb.iny. private, 184tb New York. Enlisted Sept., 1864. JclTerson Goodman, corporal, I84lh New York. Enl'd Sept., 1864. Tbos. O'.Mc-eley. private, 14th United States Inf. Enl'd Sept., 1801. James II. Yeo, .Jr., private, 13.ld New York. Arthur lluckingham, private, 81st New York. .Served full time. Uoberl II. Spencer, private, 147th New York. Enlisted Sept., 1862. Ilellenden Hutchinson, 1st lieutenant, 21th New York. Enlisted May 2, \X6\ ; promoted captain. Charles Robinson, sergeant, Uth N. Y. H. Art. Pro. to 2d liout. Theodore Uobinson, sergeant, 20tb New York Cavalry. Warren .M. Robinson, sergeant, 24lh New York Cavalry. John C. Chapman, captain, P. R. V. C. Enlisted .May S, 1S6I ; re- enlisted in the IGth United .States Infantry. Harvey J. .Morgan, private, llOtb New York. Promoted to sergt. Joseph Williams, private, 16th United State* Inf. Enl'd Aug., '63. Maurice I). Ilinnian, private, 184th New York. Enlisted Aug., '64. Calvin II. Hinman, private, 147tb New York. Pro. to ord. sergt. Alfred Blakesloy. private, 16lh United SUUes Inf. Enl'd Sept. 16, '03. Alvin H. Durke, ]>rivate, 24tb New York. Ke-enlisteil January 4, 1861, in the 24th New York Cavalry. Alonzo G. Woodard, private, 147tb X. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1802. James Tobin, (irivate. 81st N. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1801. laincs Clark, private, 184th N. Y. Enlisted Se|.t. 0, 1864. r. P. Woodard, private, 110th N. Y. Enlisted Aug. 12. 1802. Tlarenee W. Dciilon, private, llOlh N. Y. : |irouiotcd 2d lieutenant. fames Kimball, Jr., sergeant, 24lh N. Y. Cav. ulicbael Finneran. private, 184lh N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1804. George II. Dodge, private, 70lb .V. Y. Enlisted Aug. lit. 1803.' Jerome Pallcrs'in, private, 8ist N. Y. Enlisted July 3, 1802. .Morando Kellogg, privote, lith N. Y. Cav. ; promoted to sergeant. John Crawford, private. George E. Kellogg, private, 15th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Feb., 1863. Jiibn Finneran, private, 14th U. S. Inf. Enlisled Dee., 1801. Henry Severance, corporal, 184th N. Y. Enlisteil Sept. 12, ISOI. . obn Doiinolly, orderly sergeant, 16lh U. S. Inf. Uoberl Cronley, private, lllllb N. Y. Enlisted .Vug.. IS02. William W. Hurlbnrt, private, 24lh N. T. Enlisted Hay, 1861. William S. Smith, private, 147th N. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1862. John Loverieh, private, 184th N. Y. Enlisted Sept. 12, 1864. Albert .Severance, sergeant, I47th N. Y. Promoted 2d lieutenimt, was taken prisoner at liottysburg, and escaped. William Dickerson, captain, 184tb N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Wm. J. Gillet, ord. scrgL, 147tb N. Y. Pro. lieutcnaut, afterwards to captain. John MeCorlby. private, 184th N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Stephen A. Meaebam, private, IS4th N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Lewis Derosia, private, litb N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Doc., 1863. William Derosia, private, 184tb N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Paul Derosia. private, litb N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Sept., 1863. Lyman S. Coon, private, 184th \. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1863. William Cromack, private, 12lb N. Y. Cav. Enlisted 1862. John K. Vickery, private, 24th -V. Y. Cav. Enlisted 1864. Charles Ellis, private, 2d N. Y. H. Art. Enlisted Jan., 1861. Hiram .McNeil, j)rivate, 184th N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Nicholas Miltz, corporal, 81st N. Y. Pro. to lieut. in col'd reg. Thomas S. Colburn, private, 24th N. Y. Enlisted .\pril, 1861. Irvin W. Darrow, 1st lieutenant, IS4th N. Y. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Silas McNctt, musician, 147tb N. Y. Enlisled Sept., 1861. Charles Church, private, 24lh N. Y. Cav. Enlisted 1864. Christopher Navin, private, 24th N. Y. Enlisted June, 1862; was killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Jacob Clement, private, lOlh U. S. Inf. Killed at Chattanooga. James Lewis, private, 20th N. Y. Cav. Died at New Orleans. John Molt, private, 24tb N. Y. Killed at Hull Run, Aug., 1801. Edmund Deuprou. private, 9th N. Y. Art. Died at Washington. Alexander Derosia, private, Dih N. Y. Art. James F. Lerou, private, 147tb N. Y. Killed at Gettysburg. James Dooley, private, 147th N. Y. Died at Annapolis, Md. James H. Brayton, private, 1st N. Y. Lt. Art. Albert Finn, private, 24th N. Y. Cav. Prisoner at Andcrsnnville; died soon after. Thomas W. Barrister, private, 1 I7ih N. Y. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 186.3. Lewis N. Newton, private, 8Ist N. Y. Killed at Cold Harbor. John I'arragan, private, 24lh N. Y. Enlisted Moy, 1801. William Rogers, private, 24th N. Y. Killed at Petersburg. Thomas Murphy, corporal, 147lh N. Y. Killed at Pctcrsborg. Thomas W. Vickers, private, 24th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Dec., 1863. Orrin Ferguson, private, 110th N. Y. Enlisted Aug., 1802. G. R. Wellington, private, 12th N. Y. Cav. Died, Sept., 1864, in Andorsonvillo ]irison, from suffering. Addison L. Scott, 2d lieut., 1st N. Y. Enlisled Sept., 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut. Albert Thomas, private, Hawkins Zouaves. Itc-enl'd 2'.Hh N. Y. Cav.; pro. to captain. Edward Wentworib, private, llflth N. Y. Vol. Enl'd Aug. 7, 1862. Wm. I. McKinlcy, captain, IDIth N. Y. Vol. Enlisled Sept., 1862; re-enl'd September, 1864, 184th N. Y. Vol. Pro. lieut. -col. ■ Englelmrl, private, 147tb N. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1862. John Cassidy, private, 117th N. Y. V. Enlisted June, 1862; almost blind from exposure. Wm. II. Wentworth, private, lS4th N. Y. V. Enlisted Aug., 1864. Melville Ervin, private, Scott 900. Enlisled Feb., 1864. Augustus M. Ervin, 2d lieut., Il7tb N. Y. V. Re-cnl'd ; pro. copt. j great credit for bravery. Edward Wenlworlb. private, ISSIh N. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1804. Edward Newkirk, private, 1st N. Y. Art. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut. Thomas Lanagan, private, 1 I7tb N. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1862. Judson A. Dickinson, 2d lieut., I47lh X. Y. V. Enlisted Aug., 1862; pro. 1st licut. ; a prisoner for four hours. Ira E. Cole, private. 81st N. Y. V. Enlisled Sept., 1861. Peter .McCost, private. 16th N. Y. Reg. Enlisted Feb., 1805. James B. Myers, private, llOtb N. Y. X. Enlisted August, 1862. Nicholas Myers, (irivale, «tb N. Y. Art. Enlisled July, 1863. James S. Bowne, drummer, Slst N. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1862. Elijah Bowne, drummer, 24th N. Y. V. Enl. May, 1861; rc-cnl'd August, 1804. Lewis Seiner. Was in the army, but when enlisted or discharged is not known. James B. Murdock, surgeon, 24lh N. V. V. Enlisted April, 1801. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTy, NEW YORK. 195 ( Robert Oliver, Jr., 1 St Iieiit.,24ihN.Y.V. Enlisted May, 1861 ; pro. major to lieut.-col. Abraiiam Eiiielo. Particulars not known. Henry West. Particulars not known. Leonard Hawks. Particulars not known. J. B. Belsten. Particulars not known. James Bennett Particulars not known. Samuel M. Lipjiincott, private, 184th N. Y. V. Enlisted Aug., 18154. Andrew J. Bockus, privjite, 2Jth N. Y. V. Enlisted May, ISOl ; re- enl'd Sept., ]S64, Ist licut. William Aiken, jirivatc, 147tli N. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1S62; ten months .a prisoner. Jacob E. Fisher, private, Slst N. Y. V. Enlisted Dec., 1862. II. Arthur Cozzens, private, Co. B, 24th N. Y. V. Enlisted April 21, 1861. In battles Falmouth, Rap]»ahannoek Sta. ; wounded Grove- ton, Va., Aug. 29, '62: disch. surg. ccrtif. disability, May 1, '03. John S. Cozzcns, private, 21st Bat. Enlisted Jan., 1804; ]ironioted corporal J taken jirisoncr at Port Iludsuu; died at Andcrsunville jirison, June 29, lSfi4. Henry II. Cozzens, 1st lieut., 21st Bat. Enlisted Sept., 18C2 : died at Utiea, N. Y., Feb. 18, 18(>4, of disease contracted iluring siege of Port Hudson. S. Marvin Cozzens, private, Co. B, 24th Regt. Enl. Apr. 21, 1861 ; died at Washington, Sept. 14, 1862, of wounds received at (Jrove- ton, A'a. John D. O'Brien, captain, 24th X. Y. V. Enlisted April, 1861. Elbridge G. Blair, filer, 24th N. Y. V. Enlisted June, 1861 ; rc-enfd Dec., 1863, private. Dudley Farling, adj't, 1 JTth N. Y. V. Enl'd Aug., 1862 ; pro. major. John Southwiek. private, 110th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862. Russel Ramsdcl, bugler, Slst N. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; trans. June, 1862, to 24th N. Y. Cav. Norman Ramsdel, Corp., 184th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1864. Charles F. Rahan, private, 81st N. Y. V. Enlisted Se]it., 1861 ; re- enlisterl March, 1863, private. Daniel McSweeney, private, 2Ist N. Y. Art. Enlisted Se]>t., lSG2j ten months prisoner. John Danaker, private. Enlisted October, 1864. Patrick Danaker, private, I4nh N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862. F. C. Miller, capt., 24th N. Y. V. Enlisted April, 1861; iiromotcd colonel 147th N. Y. V. Daniel Driscol, private, 9th N. Y. Art. Enlisted January, 1864. James N. Root, private, 24th N. Y. V. Enlisted April, 1861 ; pro- moted 1st lieut., 184th N. Y. V. David Lally, private, 147th N. Y. V. Enlisted September, 1802. William Lillis. jirivate, 193d N. Y. V. Enlisted January, 1805. Lawrence Kcef, private, 0th N. Y. Art. Enlisted January, 1864. Henry Williams, jirivate, 193d N. Y. V. Enlisted March, 1865. John Oarbet, priva'e, 4th X. Y. Art. Enlisted March, 1861. James McKinley. 1st lieut., 147th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862 j jiromoted to captain. Isaac W. Raven, )irivate, ISlth N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1864. James H. Cuniming, private, 147th N. Y. V. Enliste 1 .Vugust. 1862. Miles Sullivan, private, 8th N. Y. V. Enlisted July, 1801 ; trans. 24th Cor., Ut lieut. William D. Squires, private, ]47th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps. John C. Wilkes, private, 21st N. Y. Bat. Enlisted Nov., 1863. Charles D. Squires, private. 2tih N. Y. V. Enlisted Ajiril, 1801 ; re- enlisted March 39, 1865. Lewis Parmenter, private, 184th N. Y. Y. Enlisted August, 1804. John Gray, private, Slst N. Y. \. Enlisted Nov., 1861 ; transferred 24th N. Y. Cav. John Conroy. Not known when be enlisteil. James W. Hopper, private, 24th N. Y. Cav. Knlisted Dee., 1803. Adam WeJier, private, I47th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862. Edward Emmons, private, llHth X. Y. ^*. Enlisted August, 1862. Michael Fitzsimmons, private, 147th N. Y. V. Enlisted Aug., IS62. John Corcoran, private, 147th N. Y. Y. Enlisted August, 1862. John Hughes, private, 16th Regiment. Enlisted February, 1864. S.imuel Hall. Particulars unknown. Hersey liabcock, private, 10th N. Y. Regt. Enliste 1 February, 1865. Michael Gill, private, 12th N. V. Cav. Kn. .Aug., 1802 : jiro. to Ul lieut. John Gill, private, 147tli X. Y. V. Enlisted Aug., 1.S62 ; pro to serg. Rieharil Lathn.|i, privat.-, I81lh .\. Y. V. Enlisted August. 1804. Phineas Snyder, private, 147th New Y^ork Volunteers. Enlisted Aug., 1862; transferred to navy in 1S64, " Ticonderoga." John O'Rafferty, private, 147th N.Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862. Thomas Tracy, private, 147th New Y'ork Volunteers. Enlisted Sep- tember, 1802; served seven years in State Militia. Daniel Quiglej^, private, Slst New York Volunteers. Enlisted Sep- tember, 1861 ; tranferred to the 10th United States Veterans. John Donovan, sergeant, 24th New York Vols. Enlisted May, 1861 ; promoted to 2d lieutenant, and afterwards to 1st lieutenant. Edward C. Gardner, private, 184th N. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Edwin H. Gardner, private, 184th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1864. Robert Forester, private, 184th N. Y'. V. Enlisted August, 1864. Henry A. Castle, 2d lieut., 155th N. Y. V. Enl'd Oct., 1862; trans, to 164th N. Y'. v., priv. ; si.^ months in Salisbury prison. Edward McGrath, private, 110th N. Y. V. Enlisted July, 1862. James White, private, — Cavalry. Enlisted Ju!^', 1801 ; transferred to the 1st Illinois Artillery, October 12, 1864. Isaac Newell, private, 147th N. Y". V. Enlisted September, 1862. Warren Wing, private, 110th N. Y'. V. Enlisted August, 1862. James M. Crulius, private, Slst N. Y. V. Enlisted September, '61. Henry White, private, 12th N. Y'. V. Enlisted May, 1801; fourteen days in prison. George L. Hubbard, private, 110th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862. John McCoy, private, 24th N. Y'. Cav. Enlisted February, 1864; ho has never been heard from since he enlisted. Michael McCoy, private, 12th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted July, 1803. Anthony Ashley, private, 24th N. Y'. Cav. Enlisted February, 1804. Albam Castimas, private, 24th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted April, 1861. Charles Austin, drummer, 110th N. Y'. V. Enlisted August, 1862. Alonzo Coojier, 24th New Y''ork Vols. Particulars not known. Charles (Gallagher, 24th New Y'ork Vols. Particulars not known. John Gallagher, 184th New Y'ork Vols. Particulars not known. James H. Edwards, private, 147th New Y'ork Vols. Enl'd Sept., '61. James W. Gridley, private, 110th New Y'ork Vols. Enl'd Aug., '62. Cornelius B. Leonard, private, 94th New Y'ork Vols. Enl'd March, 1862; re-enlisted Feb., 1864; si.x months in Salisbury prison. Albert Thomas, unknown, now cajitain 24th New Y'ork Cavalry. Oscar F. Adkins, private, lS4th New Y'ork Vols. Enl'd Sept., 1864. Edwin J. Anthony, Slst N Y. V. Further particulars not known. William Hurlbut, private, 110th N. Y'. V. Enlisted August, 1862; re-enlisted in the lS4tb Now Y'ork Vols., Aug., 1864; sergt. De Witt C. Curtiss, private, 24th New Y'ork Vols. Enl'd Mar., '61. Gale Kingsley, sergeant, 24th New Y'ork Vols. Enlisted March, 1861 : promoted to 1st lieutenant. John McDowell, private, 1st N. Y'. Art. Enlisted February. 1864. Charles Hayes, landsman, gun-boat " Forest Rose." Enl'd .\ugust, 1863 ; wound seriously impaii-ed his health, but not permanently. George Hoopman, private, 147th New York Vols. Enlisted August, 1862; promoted to sergeant. William Elderbranf, private, lS4th N. Y'. V. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Alonzo A. Carson, private, 184th X. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1864. Michael Gorman, private, 193d X. Y'. ^'. Enlisted ^larch, 1S65. John Kennedy, private, 24th N, Y. V. Enl'd Apr., 1861 ; re-cnl'd August, 1S04. Michael Dunn, able seaman, Cairo Navy. Enlisted 1801 ; rc-enlisted September, 1863, for one year. Jeremiah Dunn, private, 24th N. Y'. Inf. Enlisted September, 1861. Joab Willis, private, 9th H. Art. Enlisted April, 1864. Michael Sa.xton, private, 15th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted July, 1S03. Matthew Brown, private, 2;)d Iowa Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862 ; pro- moted to quartermaster-sergeant and 1st lieutenant. Patrick J. Brown, private, I47th N. Y. Y'. Enlisted Sejit., 1S62 ; ]>romoted to 1st sergeant, 2d lieutenant, and 1st lieutenant. Thomas Brown, corporal, 147th N. Y. V. Enlisted September, lS62j wounded inarm above olbow; jtermanent injury. George Archer, private, 24th N. Y'. Cav. Enlisted January, 1864. William A. Wyburn, sergeant, 147th N. Y'. Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1SC2; promoted to 1st and 2d lieutenants, and cajitain. Howard P. Wyburn, private, 1st N. Y'. Art. Enlisted March, 1864. Andrew J. Lamoree, jirivatc, lS4th N. Y. V. Inf. Enl'd Sejit., 1804. Michael Mincrhan, private, 21st Bat. N. Y'. Art. Enl'd Jan., 1803. Albert Rennule, sergeant, loth N. Y'. Cav. Eulisted Aug., 1863. William A. Rogers, sergeant, 184th X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1864. ■ Jeremiah Harrigan, jirivate, Slst N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Sejit., 1861. Corntlius Harrigan. navy. .Ian., 1865. Nothing further asoerlaitied. 196 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Michael (inrman, private, 193(1 N. Y. Inr. Euliitcd March, 1865. Conrad Warner, private, U'lh N. Y. V. Knliiilol August, 18C2; killed at Octt^'itliuri;. Juieph Marruoii, private, IKIIh X. Y.V. Enlisted Sept., 18dl; died in Virginitu Kobert l)re,«ger, private, llOlh N. Y. V. Enlisted Aug., 1802; died at Baton Kouge. Maurice Vanhuskirk, private, 241 h X. Y. V. Enlisted Mav, ISGl; died in Virginia. Wlllinni I)iivio«. priv., I2lh Cnv. Enlisted Aug., 1.S82: died in N. C. Lurin L. Thorp, cnplnin, llOth Reg. Enlisted Dec., 1863; died at Baton Uouge. Henry Hninel, jirivute, 81sl Reg, Enlisted Dec., 1861 ; unknown. John .Maelikritii, priv., Slst Keg, Enlist'd Sept., 1861 ; died at Oswego. William Cullen. priv., 147(li Reg. Enlisted Aug., 1S62: die«l in Va. Edw.ard Turin, private. I I'tli Reg. Enlisted Aug., 1862; unknown. (.•harlfs li. (Jilbert. private, 12th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Sept., 1862; died nt BulTalo. John .McLend, priv., lOlh InT. Enl'd Feb., 1864: died nt Chattanooga. Ale.xander MeAnilily, private, 1 I7lli Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862; killed nt Gettysburg. Thomas Saunders, private. 11th Conn. V. Enlisted June, 1863. William .Shandy, private, 12th X. Y. C. Enl'd Aug., IS62; re enl'd. Francis Shandy, priv., 4th Wis. Cav. Enlisted May, 1861 ; re-enlisted. Dudley Davenport, — V. S. Enlisted 1864 ; promoted to 1st lieut. Francis McGuirc, priv., 147th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1862. Daniel Harrington, private, 193d N. Y. Inf. Enlisted March, 1865. Thomas Roaehc, private, 21st Rat. X. Y. Art. Enlisted Dec, 1863. James Ilartigan, private, 193d X. Y. Inf. Enlisted March, 1865. Thomas Henderson, private, lllh V. S. Inf. Enlisted Dec., 1883. Alvin B. Cooper, private, lS4th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1864: pro- muted sergeant. George Smiley, private, I5lh X. Y. Cav. Enlisted Dec, 1863. Thomas Smiley, jirivate, Isl X. Y. Art. Enlisted Dec, 1863. William McCarthy, landsman, " Colorado." Enlisted March, 1865. John Galavin. private, 147th X. Y. V. Enlisted August, IS62. Jeremiah Mnhoiiey, {irivate, 81st X. Y rc-enlisted January, 1864. Loyal Fryman, private, 1st U. S. C. C. motcd to sergeant. Patrick Kelley, 1st sergt., 19.'ld X. Y. V. Enlisted January, 1865. Thomas Brophy, private. Xo other records are accessible, Martin Burns, corporal, IS4th N.Y. V. Enlisted August, 1864. George Smith, private, Slst X. Y. V. Inf. Enlisted October, 18(!I. James Smith, private, 8l8t X. Y.V. Inf. Enlisted Sejjiember, 1861. Thomas .McMiinnus, priv., 2d U. S. Art. Enlisted 1861 ; prom, sergt. George Miniack, private, 81st X. V. Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; dis- charged for disability. I'atrick Cushinan. ]irivale, 147th X.Y. V. Enlisted Aug., 1862; pro- moted sergt.; disuharged by order of War Department. Thomas Burns, corporal, I47lli X. Y.V. Enlisted .\ugu8t, 1862. John King, corporal, 81st X. Y. V. Enlisted Xovember, IS6I. Jeremiah -McCarthy, private, I47(h X. V. V. Furlbcr particulars not known. Richard Woodburne, private, 24th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted April, 1861 ; re-enlisted September, 1863, »th N. Y. Art. John Cooper, private, II 0th X. Y. Enlisted March, 1863. George Read, private, 184th N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1864. Llewellyn Foster, corporal, 184th N. Y. Enlisted August, 1864. Martin B. Campbell, private, II 0th N. Y. Enlisleil August, 1862; promoted to corporal, Jnmes Stewart, private, 24tb X. Y. Cav. Enlisted Jan., 1863 inoted to sergeant. William Stewart, private, 81st X. Y. V. Enlisted Sept., 1861 moted to sergeant ; re-enlisted January, IS61. Milo TclTl, drummer, I84lh X. Y. V. Enlisted August, |8«4. John Kiefe, private, 18 lib -N. Y. V. Enlisted August, 1864. Milton ltu|>ilikl, llllli Kei;>. Kiilisteil July, 1^62. ThoiDM Fagan, private. Slat. Eulistcd ; died at Albany. Hiram Jamc!) Webster, terg't, 24tb Cav. Enliated Jauuary, ISS-t; died Yelluw IIuuBO. Jobn Marshall, prir., 2tth RcgL Enlisted ISCl ; killed at Bull Run. Albert F. Innian, private, 12th Cav. Enlisted August, 1M62; died at Newbem. Charles Burt, private, 12th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted August, 1802; died at Cbarleiftuu. William U. lladsell, private, 12th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Sept, 1S62; died at Florence, S. C. Edwin II. t'latt, private, llOth Regt. Enlisted Sept., 1862 ; killed at Port Hudson; was shut by a sharpshooter. John Uarvey, private, 81st Regt. Enlisted; died at Oswego, N. Y. Albert N. Ames, private, Ist N. Y. Art. Pro. first to serg't-major 2d lieul.. Bat. 2; let lieut., Bat. U; killed at Petersburg; was shot by a rebel sharpshooter. Edwin Staek, private, 81st N. Y. V. Enlisted; pro. to com. serg't, July, 18G2; ai^utant ; killed at Hilton Head. William Oliver, private, 2l9t But. L. A. Enlisted .\ugu8t, 18C2; died at Oswego. Joseph Hyde, private, H7th. Enlisted Sept., 18C2; died at Oswego. Silas K. Parsons, private, 147th N. Y. Enlisted August, iSli2; killed at battle of Wilderness. Nicholas Fonon, navy. Enlisted May, 1801; died at Sandy Hook; had served in navy two years and eight months, previous to en- listing in Artillery. Pelcg C. Letson, private. Slat Regt. Enlisted October, 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor. Ira D. Carlton, private, Iowa Cav. Enlisted October, 1862 ; died at Hartsville, Mo. Edwin L. Everts, private, 110th Regt. Enlisted August, 1862; died at Tortuj;ns, Florida. John McAuibly, capt., 81st Regt. Enlisted August, 1861; killed in battle of Fair Oaks; was shut in first engagement of regiment. Joseph C. Wright. Particulars unknown ; died at Chicago. John P. Sabin, private, 184th Regt. Enlisted Aug., 1864; killed at Cedar Creek. John S. Kippin, private, M7th llcgt. Enlisted Aug., 1862; a letter from a comrade of the 4th .Michigan says that this person was killed in the last battle, nothing further is known concerning him. Thomas Lawton, private, Co. B, 8l8t Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1861; pro. corporal; re-enlisted February, 1864. John A. Stroud, private, Co. H, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1861 ; promoted to corporal July, 1864. Ocorge W. Burryman, cn])t., Co. C, Blst Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1802; promoted to lieutenant, (jeorge II. Bradt, let lieut., 4th Mich. Bat. Enlisted Feb., 1862; beallh impaired. Henry 0. Williams, priv., Co. B, SIst Inf. Enlisted Oct., 1862; rc- cnlisled Jan., 1803. Charles Barnard, private, 2l8l Bat. Enlisted Sept., 1862. David F. I.illis, priv., 38lh Inf. Enlisted May, 1801; dis. from hospital Feb., 1863; re-enlisted. Herbert Burt, drummer, Co. F, 184th. Enlisted Sept., 1S04. John h. Lynch, private, Co. A, 24th. Enlisted April, 1801. (jcorgo M. KnilKn, corp., Co. A, 2Jth. Enlisted April, 1801. Wm. F. Kuiffin, private, Co. A, 24th. Enlisted April, 1801. John Hilmau, private, Co. B, 24th Inf. Enlisted .Apr., 1801 ; corp. ; re-enTd, 1803, in Co. C, 24th Cav. ; wounded at 2d Bull Run. James A. McLean, priv., Co. C, 8l8t Inf. Enlisted Oct., 1801 ; hos- pital department. George Stuphel, private, Co. B, 24th Inf. Enlisted April, 1861. Daniel Thornton, private, Co. I, 21th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; re-enlisted Aug., 1863. Lewis II. Ookey, private, Co. 0, llOlh Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Tho8. Kchue, Ist lieut., Co. I, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; pro. to captain June, 1863; resigned. Hugh Moriarly, private, 24th N. Y. V. Enlisted May, 1801; killed at 2d battle of Bull Run. William H. Russ, j.rivate, Co. B, l,S4th. Enlisted Sept., 1804. Francis Morri,<. private, Co. — , 184lh. Enlisted .Sept., 1864. John Cody, priTnIo, Co. K, 147th. Enlisted Sept., 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, Oct., 1864. Charles MeAuley, private, Co. F, 24th Inf. Enlisted Apr, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. : re-enlisted in 184th Inf. Levcrett A. Fox, sergt., Co. I, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862: pro. to urderly, 1803. Royal E. Fox, private. Co. B, 24th Inf. Enlisted Apr., 1861 : scrrcd time out: re-enlisted Jan., 1864. Charles Doshner, private, Co. A, 147th Inf. Enlisted Aug.. 1862. Thomas Woods, corji., Co. A, 1 47th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1802. Joseph Woods, sergt., Co. A. 147th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862. Juhn l>ue, private, I84th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1804. William Doe, private, 193d. Enlisted April, 1866. Joseph Young, private, Co. E, 24th Cav. Enlisted Feb., 1804. James Mowncy, private, rJ3d Inf. Enlisted March, 1865. Michael Kelly, private, Co. A, Slst. Enlisted Sept., 1862; re-enlisted Jan., 1864. David B. Taylor, private. Bat. F, Ist Art. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; promoted corporal and orilerly sergeant. Frank Murray, Jr., private, Co. C, 24th Inf. Enlisted April, 1861 ; promoted to corporal, .Sept., 1862. William U. Campbell, private, Cu. I, 147lh. Enlisted Sept., 1862. Michael Crimmons, private, 26th Bat. Enlisted Jan., 1803. Peter (junun, private, Co. B, 81st Inf. Kniisled Oct., 1862. Edward P. Allen, 2<1 lieut., Co. A, llUlh Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; pro. to Ist lieutenant Aug., 1803, and captain Oct., 1864. Williom H. Snyiler, private, Co. I. I47lh. Enlisle corporal; sergeant; trans., 1863, to the 21st V. S. Cav. John Bragan, privale, Ist Bat. Enlisted Feb., 1863. F'rnnk Gill, privale, Co. A, 147th. Enlisted Jan., 1863. .lolin Fitzgibbous, private. Bat. — . Enlisted Jan., 1802. Jobn K. Smith, private, Co. B, 81st. Enlisted Aug., 1802. Francis I). Bradt, private, Co. A, 24th Inf. Eulisled April, 1801. John McCarthy, private, Co. K, 139th. Enlisted Nov., 1803. John L. Wood, sergeant, 2l8t Bat. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Victor Rockfcllow, private, Uth II. Art. Enlisted March, 1864. Willis E. Burnul, private, Co. F, IS4th. Enlisted Sept., 1804. William Scully, private, 147th. Enlisted Jan., 1863; woundeil in hip : discharged. William McQrath, private, Co. D, 184th Inf. Enlisteil Aug., 1864. John Carroll, priv., Co. B, 147th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; prisoner Beven months. Edward Carroll, priv., Co. B, 147th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; pris- oner five months. George Cragg, ord. sergt., Co. I, 193d Inf. Enlisted March, 1865. James Kane, private, Co. D, 193d Inf. Enlisted March, 1866. Rodolpbus I). S. Tyler, 2d lieut., Co. D, 8l8t Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; promoted 1st lieut. and to captain 1802; wounded in arm. Patrick McGrath, private, Co. K, 147th Inf. Enlisted August, 1862. Joseph Dempscy, 2d lieut., Co. K, 147th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862; jirom. 1st lieut. and to capt. 1S04 ; wounded at Five Forks, Va. Edward Manning, priv., reg. nut known ; left Bulfalo. Enlisted 1801. Mike J. Farrell. private, 24th Inf. Enlisted April, 1801. Junathitn Ilatiley, priv., 2l8t Bat. Enlisted .\ug., 1802 : prom, gunner. John W. Anderson, private, Co. F, 184th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1864; promoted corporal. William Kinney, corporal, Co. A, 147th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862; promoted 2d lieut. Wrn. Sullivan, priv., 147lh Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862 ; prom.2d lieul. Peter Garahan, jirivate, Cavalry. Enlisted December, 1803. Thomas tiarahan, private. U)3d Inf. Enlisted April, 1866. Thomas Wa]k^ building, abnul 1810. and liODiucl Austin waH thu piunoer landlord. It was siibsc- (|uc-ntly taken by Wm. Lewis, and later, about 1813, by JnciiVi Kavnor. Tlie ratt-s in llm.-ic davs witc two sliiliin^ for meals, a sixpencu fur liidL'in^. and whisky thrtt' eentt* {>or drink. The first blaeksniilli wa.s Artliiir Brace, and tlie shop built was by liiui at this place. First tarj»enter was Ches- ter IJrace. Mrs. Kice and her dauj;htcr did the weavin-; for the people of this loealitj'. There were no distilleries, but Mr. Kiee used to make what was known as im ihti/liii, made from honey, — a very sweet and pleasant drink. Our informant tells us that people u.scd to come from the village of Oswego to get " metheglin," and it being such a pleasant drink, they would get merry before the}' were aware of it, and would usually feel full as well or Ix^ttcr the second day. The first physician was Dr. Coe, from the eastern part of New York. The first mails were carried on foot by Mills Brace, once a week, from Oswego to Salina (now Syra- cuse). Later they were carried on lioi-scback by a Mr. Garrison. Union Village of to-day has one hotel, kept by Walter Phillips; a groccrj', by B. B. Bradway ; a large eider-mill, by Mr. Bradway, which was built by Mr. MollLson, about twenty years ago, and is doing a fine business ; one black- smith-shop, by N. K. Hammond ; and contains about twenty residences. TOWN OFFICIALS. The first town-meeting in Oswego town was held at the school-house in the village of t>swego, on Tuesday, May 5, 1818, when the following officers were elected, viz., Eleazer Perry, supervisor; Wm. Dalloway, town clerk; Henry Eagle, Henry Everts, and Eleazer Perry, Jr., assessors; Nathan JIcNair, Wm. Fay, Jr., and Erastus Todd, com- missioners of highways ; Nathan McNair and EleaziT Perry, Jr., overseers of the poor; Asa ])udley, collector; Asa Dudley and John S. Newton, constables ; Alvin Bronson, Samuel B. Beach, and Jno. Moore, Jr., commissioners of common scluwis ; Walter Colton, Geo. Fisher, and AVm. Mwire, sehodl iii.spcctors ; Alvin Bron.son and Samuel B. Beach, commissioners of gospel lots. The succession of supervisors from 1820, to date, has l)cen as follows, viz., Jonathan Demming, ^Matthew Mc- Nair, 1821; Alvin Bronson, 1822-1824; M. McNair, 1825-1830 inclusive; Geo. Fisher, 1831; Joel Turrill, 1832; David P. Brewster, 1833; Jacob N. Boncsteel^ 183-4-1S35; W. F. Allen, 1836-1837 ; Patrick H. Hard' 1838; Walter W. White, 1839; M. McNair, 1840; AV. W. White, 1841 ; Daniel H. Marsh, 1842; Joel Turrill, 1843; Jas. Piatt, 1844; Luther Wright, 1845; I^ander Babcock, 184G-1847; D. H. Campbell, 1848; Lewis A. Cole, 1850-1851 ; Silas Cushman, 1852-1854 ; John Car- penter, 1855-185C; Stanton S. Gillett, 1857-1858; John H. Mann, 1850; Simon G. Place. 18G0; John H. Mann, 18G1-1802; Jno. S. Furniss, 18G3-18G5; Jno. H. Mann, 18CC-1869; William J. Stark, 1870-1871 ; Thomas G. Thompson, 1872; John G. Warner. 1873 ; Ira L. Jones, 1874; Lyman Coats, 1875 ; T. S. Brighani, 187G-1S77. Among the first town clerks were W. Dillaway, 1820- 1821 ; Jonalhaii Demming, 1822; Edmund Hawks, 1823 -1824; and Robert Cooley, 1S25-182G. List of justices from 1830 as follows, viz., Calvin Sheldon, Wm. G. Ad- kins, J. J. Fort, Jno. H. Lord, Wm. Lewis, Jr., S. 1). I'iereo, John M. Casey, Nathan Faruham, Curtis Sever- ance, J. M. Casey, John Praut, H. P. Dwight, Moses Whitney, D. S. Goddey. John M. Casey, Jas. M. Crolius, H. Gray, W. Goodenow, D. S. Colby, Stephen Colb, S. S. Gillett, John Carpenter, Harvey Gray, J. Pilling, L. A. Cole, M. S. Clark, N. K. Hammond, H.nry P. Fitch, D. D. Colby, S. S. Gillett, A. C. Mann, John Gordinear, D. D. Blodgeit, S. S. Gillett, B. B. Place, H. J. Cody, D. D. Colby, Jas. W. Brown, B. B. Place, H. P. Fitch, .D. D. Colby, J. W. Brown, H. P. Fitch, E. B. Colby, J. W. Brown, Le Roy Pease, and II. P. Fitch, in 1877. MINKTTO MKTUODIST EPISCOPAL CIIIRCII. On the 15th day of November, 1848, tlie male members of the Methodist Episcopal church congregated at the Dennis school-house, town of Oswego, with Rev. M. H. (Jaylord and Samuel L. Lent presiding, Abraham Fort secretary; and, pursuant to an act of the revised statutes, proceeded to organize the first society of the Methodist Ejiiscopal church of the town of Oswego, and the trustees Were as follows, viz., Mynard Grovesbeck, Daniel Scott, Robert Fulford, Abraham Fort, and Le Roy Burt. Among the first members of this society were George and Betsey Burcli, Mynard and Pheoba Grovesbeck, Samuel and Catherine Lent, Caroline Brown, Caroline Armstrong, Sally Dennis, Dibliy Rheubottom, Perry and Myra Cliase, Miss Everts, John and Eleanor Myers, Robert and Sarah Fulford, and Harry Miller and wife. Mr. Miller was one of the pioneers of this locality, and on Sabbath used to go from Oswego town to Fulton, by marked trees, to church ; he was also the first class-leader in this vicinity. The first meet- ings of this society were held in the above-named sehool- liou,se. The church, which is yet standing, was built in 1840; cost, seven hundred dollars; size, thirty by forty; dedicated in the fall of 1840, by Rev. Hiram Maltison. Following are some of the officiating clergymen : Rev. Sniedley, Rev. Smith. Rev. Coupe, Rev. 0. Sijuire, C. L. Dunning, Revs. Plank, Lathrop, Nichols, White, Mxson, Wood, Allen, C. C. Beebe, and Charles Harris, present pastor. There has always been a Sunday-school connected with the church. Jonathan Buell was the first superintendent; present superintendent is Ira L. Jones; number of pujiils, si.xty ; volumes in library, one hundred and fifty. THE FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CIIURCII OF SOUTH- WEST OSWEliO was organized December 0, 1872, from the Oswego Centre circuit, which was set aside from the general circuit, includ- ing Hannibal, Sterling, etc., in 1859, and meetings were held at Minetto and Oswego Centre. At the organization of this church in 1872, the following persons were incor- porated as trustees, viz., James Wiltsc, Vincent Sabin, Benjamin P. Dutcher, John A. Taylor, 0. Barstow, E. A. Carnrite, and William E. Stevens. Some of the preachers in charge from 1850 are as fol- lows, viz., R. L. Frazier, George Plank, A. Shaw, D. Fur II Rcsio£NCL OF LEVI PEASE e#^'litf-|tffiW^ 0, OswEM Count) , HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 203 geson, A. J. CotrcU, F. A. O'Farrell, George C. Wood, Charles E. Beebc, W. F. Purrington, and T. L. Allen, present pastor. First cluirch edifice was erected in 187o, and dedicated February 4, 1874 ; it is a small brick building, finely finished, with belFry and bell. The size of the audi- torium is thirty by fifty feet, with a vestibule in front ten by twelve feet. It was finished under the supervision of Mr. P. M. Schoonmaker; has a seating capacity of two hun- dred. Salary of the clergy, five hundred dollars. The Union Sunday-school of this church was organized in 1874; its first superintendent was 0. Barstow, who has held the posi- tion ever since. lias a goodly number of pupil.s, and a voluminous library. THE B.iPTIST CHURCH OF SOUTHWEST OSWEGO was organized about 1852, with a membership of some thirty-five. The following are the names of early mem- bers : William Curtis, Stephen Cagg, C. G. Park, a Mr. Mcrvin, Jlrs. C. Dunsmore, and Mrs. Newell ; first stationed preacher was Ilev. Edward Lawton. Meetings were held two years in a wood-house (which was finished oif for the purpose), just south of 0. Barstow's store. Finst church building was erected in 18.54 ; a frame structure, size, thirty- four by sixty feet, and is still used for their place of wor- ship. The pastors are as follows, viz.. Rev. H. Powers, Isaac Butterfield, Rev. Morley, Rev. Mr. Parkhur.st, Wm. C. Corbin. Present pastor is Rev. W. C. Johnson. Pres- ent membership is about one hundred. Salary of clergy, four hundred dollars. First superintendent of Sunday- school was James McLean, next was John D. Andrews. Present superintendent is E. C. Pasko. Number of pupils, one hundred and eight ; number of volumes in library, one hundred and four. The first Sunday-school was organized about two years after the building was erected. Of the organization of the Grange society of Oswego town, we have as yet no account, although the history of the county grange will appear in the general history. Our historian for Oswego town was referred by several of its citi- zens to a Mr. Lockwood, present Master of one of the subordinate lodges, to get the records of the society, and after driving some four or five miles found Mr. Lockwood, who utterly refused to give any information or to condescend to refer him to any one who could give the desired informa- tion. Mr. Lockwood knows the history of the county, and don't deem it necessary for any of his fellow-citizens or future generations to liave any records of the past or present ; therefore, if we should fail to give the records of this society, the patrons will please pardon. OSWEGO TOWN AURICULTURAL AND nORTICULTURAL SOCIETY was chartered in 1870, and grew out of an organization known as the liiicui Village Farmers' club, which was organized March 13, 1869, with T. G. Thompson as presi- dent; D. R. Green, .secretary; J. S. Bishop, corresponding secretary ; and S. L. Parsons, treasurer. This organiza- tion started with only eight or ten members, and at present has a membership of one hundred and fifty. Present officers are as follows, viz., T. S. Brigham, president; D. R. Green, vice-president ; Fred. E. Stewart, secretary ; Le Roy Pease, treasurer. The members of the society saw the need of having some place suitable for their meetings, and, being an enterprising people, took hold of the matter; in 1870 they erected a fine town hall, and on June 23, 1870, they, as well as many from the city, congregated for dedica- tion .services. The hall is situated on the farm of T. G. Thompson, about three miles west of the city, in one of the most beauti- ful locations (hat could be chosen. The building, which is cruciform, was designed by Gardner Bros., of Oswego city, and built by D. P. McAuley, also of the city of Oswego. The main part, which is used as an audience- room for the regular meetings of the society, is thirty l)y forty-six feet, and the hall propei> is thirty by sixty-five fer'8 Cuvnlry. Al»n Ci.lc, riilialcd in llii' LMtli Cnvnlry, December 2S, ISOI. John Clark, enlinteil in the Irtlli Uejfinient, Jsnimry 4, l(i«4. Sninuvl Cook, enlieUil in Co. 1), Ifitli Artillery. December 17, ISG4. Kugcnc E. CurDi«b, cnl'd in the 184lh KcgiiucnC, September 12, ]i>64, ait a eur|turul ; di^cbnrgcil in 18C6. Fred. II. Cary. enld in Ibe 1.14th llegl., Sept. 12, 1864; dis. in 1865. Orin Chase, cnli.ited in the Utb Heavy .\rtillery, .Innuary 4, 1864 ; prisoner for three raunthn; ilititcil in the 2 lib Kegiment, September, 1861 ; discharged in 1863. Cuurllunil C. Cushnmn, enlisted in Maine Arlillery, August, 1862; di.Hc*barged in Isftlt. A. Cbelney, eni'd in the Ifith Hegt.. Deo., I86.T; dincb'd in 1S6G. Armony Chulney, enlisted in the 1811b llegiuicnt, September 10, 1864 ; dischiirgi'd in 1865. Joseph Chetney, enlisted in the Ifilh Tnited .States Regulars, Dccem- Imt, 186^1; woundinj ; discharged in 1866. Charles Chetney, enlisted in the 24th Kegiment, May, 1861 ; re-enlisted in the lU4th Regiment: discharged in 1865. Jo.teph Chetney, enli:^tecc., 1865. Krnest Cnll>y,cnli9leil in the 2llh Cavalry, August, 1861 ; re-enlisted in the 12tb New York Cavalry ; discharged in December, 186.i. Adonirnm I. Clark, enlisted in (he 184tb Regiment, Scjttcmber, 1864 ; died July 1, 1863. W. II. Diirrow, enlisted in Co II, llOlh Regimrnl. Daniel Devendorf, enlisted in Co. II, llOth Regiment. Daniel Donsmore, enlisted in Co. I, 147th Regiment. *Iuhu Donahue, enlisted in the 24th Cavalry. James W. Decker, enlisted in Co. It, llflth Regiment, Dec. 31, 1861. Anthony Denow, enlisted in Co. B, I6th Infantry, Dec. 5, 1864. Abram Dean, enlisted in the 24tb Cavalry, January 4, 1864. Charles David, enlisted in Co. F, I8l8t Regiment, Jan. 17, 1864. James Doras, cnl'd in the 110th Regt., Aug., 1862; diseh'd in 1865. MatthetT Doras, enlisted in the I84th Regiment, September, 1S64; discharged in 1865. David F. Dunsmore. enlisted in the 2d Heavy Artillery, January 15, 1864; discharged .March, 1865. Williuni Dclung, enlM in ibc 24lh Cav., Jan. 7. 1861 : dis. Dec, 1865. Rus.'iell Ellis, enlisted in Co. .A, 81st Regiment. James II. Eastwood, enlisted in the 21th Cavalry. Francis Eggleston, enlisted in the 241h Cavalry. * Horace It. Ensworlh, enlisleil in Co. li, 8lsl Regiment, Feb. 25, 1S64. Samuel (). Edwanls, enlisted in the 8th Wisconsin Regiment, August 18,1861; rc-cnlisteidh' s^urviycd and civil divisions erected. In 1792 the tcrritury embraced williin tlie |>re!fciit boundaries of tliis town coiiijiriM'd a portion of the old town of Wliilestown, Herkimer eotiiity. Mexico w;ls set off from Wliitestown Ajiril 1(1, IT'.IIi. Williamstown was formed I'mm Mexico March 24, 1804, and Kiehhnid was erected from AVilliams- towii Febmary 2(1, ISO", nine years prior to the organiza- tion of tl.-'Wefio County. It retained its original diuiension.s until 1817, when Orwell wa.s set off. It was airiiri reduced in area in 1825 by the erection of Sandy Creek and Albion. In ISoti a jiart of Mexico was taken off, and a part set off to Orwell in 1844. It lies upon the shore of Lake Ontario, north of the centre of the county, and its surface is generally level, broken by several deep ravines. The principal streams are Salmon river. Deer and Sandstone creeks, and Trout brook. THE FIRST SETTLEMENT. " Though wo charge to-day with llcclncee, Though we ilri'ad lo-uiorroH'*8 sky, Tliorc's a iiu-hoieholy bwl'i-Iiiccs lu tlic name of days gouc by," To call up from the dim vista of the past incidents of more tlian three-ijuartcrs of a century ago, and place before tlie readers of today a glimpse of early scenes and actors, while it is attended with much difficulty, is a pleasing task, as there's a sweetness in the annals of days gone by. The first settlement of Hi. bland dates back to 1801, when Nathan Tuttle and Nathan Wilcor, from Canada, located at the mouth of Salmon river. Albert Bohannan settled during the same year at the mouth of Snake creek. lienjamin Winch settled near the mouth of Salmon river in 1801, where he remained a few years, and removed to the village of Pulaski. He was a surveyor, and assi.stcd in platting the original town. By the capsizing of a boat on the lake in 1804 a number were drowned, leaving Mr. AVincli the only adult male at Vera Cruz, now Texas. Conrad Rip.«on was an early settler at Port Ontario. The first settler at Brown's landing was a traj)per named Jacob Kllis, who came in 1805. Jonathan Hooker was a promi- nent jiioneer in that vicinity. He was the owner of a large jiart of its .ship])ing, and for many years officiated as justice of the peace. Morse Hooker, n son, now resides iu Sandy Creek. Brown's landing received its name from an early settler named Sylvester Brown. Joel Kllis, brother of Jacob, mentioned above, located in an early day on the farm now occupied by Mr. Jones. William Smith, a " down-easter," who divided his time between farming and fishing, was a [.ioin-er on the An.sel Brown fami. In the early days of this town, when fishing and boating were of |iar.ini(>unt importance to farming and cheese- making, lake captains were numerous, and prominent among the number was Captain John Yorec, who lived on the farm now occupied by Kdniond BrowTi. Mr. Jrniniison now owns the place where Benjamiii Winch .-icttled after leaving the village. I)aniel Brown located next to Winch, on jiremises now owned by Augustus Twichell. Mrs. Brown w;is a daughter of Benjamin Winch, and she, together with a sister, now resides in this town. Thaddeus Harmon was a pioneer on lands sul)sei|uently owned by his son James, ami now cieeupied by a grand.son, Calvin Har- mon. John Ingersoll and family located in the year 1804 on lands now owned by T. W. Dixon, east of the village. I.-iaac Lehigh was an early settler, and met a melaneholy fate by being drowned in the river. On the Spring brook road, east of the village, Isaac Fellows, and a son named Lsaac, were pioneers. Moses Phillips was also an early siHtlor. North of Pulaski the early .settlers were Nathan Stoddard, Ezra Weed, Hamilton Meacham, and Daniel Sykes. Kphraim Brewster located east of the village as early as 18(t8, and sub.«ei(U(iitly moved to Jefferson county, where he now resides. Abram Bates early located in the Ingersoll settlement. The Frareys came from '\''ennont, and settled ea.st of the village. Stephen Wade located in the east partof the town in 18150. John Woods emigrated from the cast part of the State in an early day, and, coming into this town, erected a log house on j>remis<\s now owned by Ira Stewart. Ilis widow, now at the advanced age of over ninety years, resides with her son, George Woods, in Pulaski. Alexander Valentine and his sh of various kinds, and supply abundance of mill-scats. There is a road from Rome to the nioutli of Salmon creek, and one also north and Miiitli ibroiigh this town." CIVIL IIISTOUV. The first town-meeting in Richland was lulil at the hou.sc of K|iliraini Brewster, in 1S(I7, .-md the f'dlluwing ])crsons were elected : Joseph Hurd, supervisor; William Hale, town clerk; George Harding, John Mesicham, Joseph Chase, a.sses!«irs ; I.saac Meaeham. Oershain Hale, oversi-crs of the poor; Simon .^leacham, Klias Howe, and Jimathan Rhodes, com- missioners of highways ; Elias Howe, collector for town- ships G, 10, and 11, or the north part of Richmond, Sandy Creek, Orwell and Boylston ; Pliny Jones, collector for townships 21 and 22, or south part of Richland and Albion ; Elias Howe, Pliny Jones, Justis St. John, constables; Asahel Hurd, Gersham Hale, and Joseph Chase, fence- viewers; George Harding, pound-master ; William Robin- son, Timothy Balch, Nathan W. Noyes, Eliiis Huwe, Ephraim Brewster, Gersham Hale, Timothy Kellogg, Jona- than Rhode.", Isaac Ijchigh, palh-ni:Lst<"rs. Joseph and Asahel Hurd, the Meachams, and Elias Howe, resided in the present town of Sandy Creek; William Hale, the clerk, in the village of Pulaski; Timothy Baleh and N. W. Noyes in Orwell ; and Jones, St. John, and Clia.se in Richland. The following is a li.st of the supervisors from the organi- zation of the town to 1878: Joseph Hurd, 1807-8; John C. Pride, 1809-10; Simon Meaeham, 1817-1!); John C. Pride, 1820-21 ; Simon Meaeham, 1822; John C. Pride, 1S2H; Simon Meaeham, 1824-25; John C. Pride, lS2r>- 26 ; Thomas C. Baker, 1827 ; Robert Gillespie, 1828-29 ; Isaac Stearns, 1830; Robert Gillespie, 1831-33; Isaac Stearns, 1834; L. D. Mansfield, 1835; Isiiac Stearns, 1830; Robert Gillespie, 1837-38; M. \y. Mathews, 1839- 41; Bradley Higgins, 1842-43; H. F. Noyes, 1844; A. Crandall, 1845-40; Caspar C. West, 1847 ; E. M. Hill, 1848-51 ; H. F. Noyes, 1852; N. W. Wardwell, 1853; S. H. Mcacham, 1854; James A. Clark, 1855-50; John T. MeCarty, 1857-58; James A. Clark, 1859-00; Isaac Fellows, 1801-02; S. T. Gates, 1803-05; William II. Gray, 1800; G. T. Peckham, 1807-09; James M. Betts, 1870; H. H. Lyman, 1871-72; William B. Dixon, 1873- 70. Town clerks: William Hale, 1807-8; F. Curtiss, 1809 ; Simon Mcacham, 1810-16: Smith Dunlap, 1817; Silas Harmon, 1818-19; Hiram Hubbell, 1820-22; James A. Davis, 1823-24; E. C. Hart and M. Harmon, 1825; Allen Andrews, 1826; Hiram Hubbell, 1827-28; A. H. Stevens, 1829; John Dickinson, 1830; A. H. Stevens, 1831 ; James M. Halt, 1832; Ira Allen, 18.33; W. W. Mathews, 1834; James A. Davis, 1835; John D. Lane, 1830 ; George Gurlcy, 1837 ; E. W. Fox, 1838-39 ; E. S. Salisbury, 1840-41 ; H. N. Wright, 1842-43; Sidney M. Tucker, 1844; Henry Mitchell, 1845-47; Si.lney M. Tucker, 1848-51; Henry Mitchell, 1852; William II. Gray, 1853; D. B. Mcacham, 1854-55; Henry Mitchell, 1850; D. B. .Meaeham, 1S57-03; Newell Wright, ISiM; John F. Box, 1805; Newell Wright, 1800-07; 11. II. Lyman, 1808-70; D. B. Meaeham, 1871-77. D. B. Meaeham has held the office nearly sixteen years. It will be noticed that two sujiervisors are credited lo 1825, and two town clerk.s. Mr. Meaeham was elected sHjiervisor and Mr. Hart clerk in that year, and upon the erection of Sandy Creek the old town was left with these offices vaeimt, as bnlli men resided within the l)oundaries of the new town. Their places were supplied by John C. Pride and Milton Harmon. /: ■-f»> /G/te^fWJOinr^ "-^ ■^ cei:j^i?/I-.es HI- ci?.oss. Charles H. Crosb, son of Moulton Cross, was born in Hamilton, Madison county, January 1, 1807. lie was the eldest iu a family of fourteen children who came with his father iu 1814 to Pulaski. His father located upon a tract of land embracing three hundred acres four miles from the village of Pulaski. He was a miller, and also assisted in erecting numerous saw-mills in this vicinity. The subject of this sketch received the advantages of a common school education, and in the year 1827 entered into the busiiicss of surveying and conveyancing. He soon became proficient in surveying lands, and in 1850 was appointed agent of the " Pierpont Estate," representing about one hundred thousand acres of lands in the counties of Jefferson, Lewis, and Oswego, with the office at Pulaski. October 11, 1842, he united in marriage with Meliasa Lime, daughter of Gilbert Lane, born November 18, 1817. Their family has consisted of five children, four of whom are living, viz., Albert H., Gilbert L., Sylvia L., wife of John Shea, and Martha L., all residents of Pulaski. In all matters pertaining to the public welfare, Mr. Cross has ever manifested a lively interest. He assbted in (he organization, location, and construction of the Rome, Water- town and Ogdensburgh railroad, and also of the Syracuse Northern, and was a director in each. During the twenty- seven years of his administration m land agent he has settled thousands of families, and contributed largely to the general prosperity and development of the various towns. Though his duties have been arduous, and he has now reached the scriptural age of threescore and ten, he is possessed of much of the vigor and ambition of youth. He is a churchman and a communicant of the Episcopal church at Pulaski. Politically, he is a Democrat. CHA? H.CROSS' LAND OFFICE, PULASKI, N.Y. '>|,'J?1W.^^«1*II( HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 211 PULASKI. Importance always attaches to those courageous spirits who leave their homes, and, threading their way into the wilderness, first erect the standard of civilization. To Ben- jamin Winch the honor is inscribed of being the first white .settler within the boundaries of the present thriving village of Pulaski. lie located in 1804, and erected the first tavern on the site now occupied by the Palmer House. It was a log .structure, but many a pioneer was cheered alike by his fireside, venison, and whisky. Mr. Winch subsequently sold the tavern to John Hoar, who was probably an itiner- ant, as nothing is known of him, who in turn disposed of it to J. A. Mathewson, a native of Scituate, Rhode Island, who settled in ISOtJ. A son, Jeremiah A. Mathewson, resides in the village, and is without doubt more fumili.ir with the history of this village and town than any person now living. Five families located in 1805, viz., William Smith, who lived in a rude shanty near the point at the crossing of the railroads : Daniel Stone, who occupied a log house on the site of the present residence of Lucian Jones, which was a partnership affair, one end being the hou.se of Jonathan Rhodes ; Rufus Fox located on the site now occupied by the Baptist church ; and Erastus Kellogg, a blacksmith, who.se house stood a few rods north of the Frond block, and was the first frame building erected in the village. Rufus Fox remained in the village a few years, and then located two miles up the river, at what is called Fox's bridge. A son, Justus Fox, died in this town at the ad- vanced age of eighty years. A son of Justus Fox, named Hiram, resides near the old homestead. Rufus and Thomas Bishop were also early settlers. John Jones came from Oneida county in 1808, and .still survives, at the age of eighty years. Settlement rapidly increased in 1810. In that year Captain John Meacham moved into the town, and occu- pied the Rhodes and Stone house, and opened the first store, which occupied the site of the present mercantile establi-shnieiit of C. R. Jones. Henry Patterson, a hatter, came with Mr. Meacham, and occupied a diminutive shop on what is now the east end of James A. Clark's lot. In 1811, Silas Harmon became associated with Cajitain Mea- cham in the mercantile business, and this firm was soon succeeded by Milton Harmon, nephew of Silas. One of the greatest inconveniences experienced by the pioneers was the want of mills for grinding grain. Long and tedious journeys were made on horseback with a bag of corn, and the pestle and spring pole were resorted to. J. A. Mathewson built the first grist-mill in 1808, and in 1810 the population of the village and town had so far in- creased that another grist-mill became one of the pre.--s- ing necessities of the flourishing settlement, and in that year he erected the second grist-mill, which stood on the site of the present box-factory of Charles Tollner. The settlement of this town had so far advanced with able-bodied men in 1812, that a company was raised, under Ca])tain John Meacham, which was twice called to the defense of Sackett's Harbor, and once to Oswego. During this year Hudson Tracy and John S. Davi.s set- tled. The latter was a prominent citizen, and ofVieiatcd as first sheriff of Oswego County. They built the fir.st carding- and fulling-mill. One of the early merchants was Thomas C. Baker. He occupied a prominent p(jsition among the business men of the county, and lias officiated as supervisor and county clerk. Mr. Baker still resides in the village, at the ad- vanced age of eighty years. A daughter married D. A. King, Esq. Charles H. Cross, a native of Madison county. New York, settled here in the fall of 1814. He became con- nected with the land-office in 183G as a surveyor, and in 1851 assumed control of one of the agencies of the Pierpont estate, and still officiates in that capacity. Other early merchants were as follows : Douglass & Watson, Allen & Halo, Hale & Smith, Baker & Praston, Jones & Clark, John T. McCarty, John H. Wells, J. Man- ning Hall, Newell Wright, Ralph French, Luther Allen, J(]hn L. Dickinson, James Wood. Other early settlers in the village were : Gersham Hale, Jehiel Weed and two sons Ezra and Joel, Jacob Weed and sons, Angus McFee, Henry IMitchell, Oliver Ramsdell, Joel Harmon, Amos Fellows. The first school in Pulaski was held in a building erected by J. A. Mathewson for a blacksmith-shop, near the south end of the Palmer House, and was taught liy Rebecca Cross, afterwards the wife of James Harmon. She was succeeded in the management of this primitive institution by Miss A. Hinman. Pliny Jones kept the next school, in the log house belonging to J. A. Mathcwfion. The first building erected solely for a school stood on the premises now owned by William Hill, and near the front gate leading to his residence. Two months afterwards this building was destroyed by fire, and .school was opened in a building owned by Mr. Bush, which occupied the site of the present residence of George W. Wood. Pliny Jones then opened his house for the accommodation of the school, where it was held during one winter, when a school-house was erected on the present site of the land-office. It was subsequently removed to the present site of the Baptist church. The next school building erected was of brick, on the ground now occu]iied by the Congregational church. This was subsequently taken down, and school opened in the old Congregational eluireh, which is now occupied as a graded school. The first court in Oswego County was held in Oswego in October, 181G, when a number of persons presented them- selves, and were admitted to the bar. This, however, was the only business tran.sacted, and the first court at which a jury was drawn was convened at Pulaski in February, 1817. Three years after the first court was held in the county, the court-house in Pulaski was erected, and a tablet .set in the walls bearing the following inscription : " This building erected A.D. 1819. James Weed, builder; Simon Meacham, John S. Davis, Ebcnezer Young, building committee.'-' The old structure was rebuilt and enlarged in 1851), and is a comfortable and commodious edifice. E.VUI.V .\TT(IHi\KVS. In liie year 181(1, when the first court was held, Pulaski 212 HISTORY OF OS\YEGO COUNTY, NEW YOllK. had so far advanced that it re(|uircd no prophetic vision to discern thai it must soon become an important business viliajrc. At that early period as well as in our own time, tliere were — " r>i>ul>lful balances of rights ami wrongs. Ami weary lawyers willl endlcas tongues." The first Gamaliel of the law who raised his voice in Pulaski was Benjamin Winch, familiarly known as " Pa" Winch. He wius the fjraJiiate of no eollej;e or law school, neither had he sat under the tutelaj;e of a Livinjrstone or a Kent, but he was possessed of a vast amount of self-esteem, which, with a sprinkling of good judgment and common sense, aiused him to be eagerly sought after by the litigants of those earl}' days. The fir.st regular attorney in Puliwki was James A. Davis, who came from Oneida county. Chester Ilaydeii was a prominent pioneer attorney, and subsequently became one of the judges of Oswego County. Abram P. A'osburg came from the valley of the Mohawk. He was admitted at the (irst court held in the county. J. ^V. Heime practiced here a number of years, and removed to the west. He subsequently abandoned the law and entered the Baptist ministry. James J. Petitt and Harvey J. Harmon were al^o early practitioners. The present bar consists of the following : Hon. A. Z. McCarty, J. B. Watson, D. A. King, Hon. 8. C. Hunting- ton, J. W. Feiiton, Hon. N. B. Smith, Hon. John Preston, J. W. Slica, J. K. Brown, B. Paikhurst, and C. B. King. PIONEER PHYSICI.VXS. The first disciple of ^E.sculapius in this town was Dr. Porter, who came from Vermont and located in 1806. Isaac Whitmore was the first physician that settled with- in the present boundaries of the village. He came from Madi.son county in 1810, and located on the premises now occupied by Mr. llohman. Allen Andrews came soon after, and erected a portion of the house now occupied by Dr. J. N. Betts. Dr. Gridley settled in the village in about the year 1815, and resided on the site now occupied by the residence of D. A. King, Esq. Dr. H. F. Noyes subsequently came and occupied the same residence. The medical jirofession is at present ably represented by the following : F. S. Lowe, J. N. Betts, II. W. Caldwell, Ed. F. Kelly, A. S. Lowe. II. L. INGERSOLL & COMPANY'S BANK. This banking institution was established in 1854 as the Piiliu-tki bank, 11. L. Tngersoll president and S. R. Ingham (iLsliier. It was conducted under this name until 18()2, when it was changed to the name of II. L. Ingersoll & Company's bank, which it still retains. ^V. B. Dixon is present cashier. The business was established in a building now occupied by Henry Clark as a store on the east side of Jefferson street. About two years afterwards it was removed to the Tucker block, where it has since remained. The present prosperous condition of this institution is mainly due to the ])ei'sonal attention of Mr. R. L. Ingersoll, who has been connected with it since its organization. PULASKI NATIONAL BANK. J. A. Clark & Company's State bank was organized Sep- tember 1, 181)2, with J. A. Clark president and Charky A. Clark cashier. The Pulaski National bank was chartered July 31, 18G5, with Charles A. Clark president and James A. Clark cashier. The offices have not changed. Lewis J., son of J. A. Clark, was appointed assistjint cashier in 187-1. The bank has a capital of one hundred thou.sand dollars, and paid-up eajiital of fifty thousand dollars. This business was commenced in a building now occu|)ied by Mr. Forman. Their present banking building was erected in 1805, and was occupied by them in September of the same year. Pulaski Wiis incorporated in May, 1832, and at the first meeting held for the election of officers Judge Hubbell presided, and Hon. A. Z. MeCarty officiated xs clerk. The following officers were elected, viz. : Abtier French, president; Isaac H. Stearns, Hiram Hubbell, Benjamin H. Wright, and John H. Wells, trustees; John L. Dickinson, clerk ; Thomas C. Baker, John L. Dickinson, Casper C. West, assessors ; L. B. Cole, collector ; Isaac Whitmore, treasurer. The village was re-incorporated May 25, 1858. The present officers are as follows : Albert F. Betts, president ; Benjamin Pierce, John F. Box, Roswell C. Dickinson, Thomas Hall, trustees; E. Harmon, assessor; Elihu Bushnell, collector; William B. Dixon, treasurer; John Preston, clerk. A fire department was organized here in an early day, but no records are in existence showing the date of such organizalion. May 9, 18G5, the old company di.sbanded, and till! " Ringgold Fire Company, No. 1," wiis organized. The present officers are as follows : C. L. Myers, chief; J. N. Daly, president ; D. C. l>o>lge, vice-president; M. D. Bumpus, .secretary ; D. C. Mahaffy, treasurer ; S. T. Doane, janitor; George 0. Harmon, foreman ; Wm. II. Lester, Jr., assistant foreman. Much attention has been bestowed by the citizens of Pu- laski on the fire department, and it is now in good condi- tion. The company Inus a neat and substantial two-story brick engine-house, and the couneil-chamber is a model of neatness, surpassing in beauty of arrangement and elegance those of more pretentious towns. The department has two hand-engines in perfect order, a hose-cart, and about two hundred feet of hose. The following persons represent the business interests of to-day exee]it attorneys, physicians, and bankers, mentioned on a previous jiage : Paper-mill, Outerson & Cornell. Jioij/c-boartl jiiijxr-niill, Outerson & Lewis. Cliefse-factory, Walter Holmes. CiirtUngmachine, Stewart & Mahaffy. Block-fiictort/, Alcott & Son. PtdniiKj-mUl, R. L. Ingersoll. Gilst-milh, C. R. Campbell's, erected in 1838 by Henry Averill ; Dixon & Allen's, erected by A. Porter in 1852; James Harmon's, erected by Samuel and Hiram Cook in 1845 ; A. W. Davis' " red mill," erected in 1836 by J. A. Mathcw.son and his son, Jeremiah A. Mathewson. Siriim miw-iiii/l, I>. A. Delano. O-yj HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 213 Fuviidrt/ and machine-shop, Lorenzo Liug. Fiinilttirc indtnifactory, R. W. Box. Butter-tab and cheese-box factories, Davis & Clark, Byron Stark. Carriage-mamifactnrers, T. R. Ingersoll, J. H. Larabec, J. David, A. Sclu'ff. Sdiv-mill, L. Calkins. Fancy box factor!/, Charles Tollner. Dry-goods, C. R. Jones, H. B. Clark, Jones & Lane, G. W. Woods. Drugs, J. F. Box, G. W. Fuller, D. B. Mcacham & Son. Groceries, C. R. Jones, B. Pierce & Son, T\ Wallace, M. L. Hollis, M. Pierce & Son, T. Bumpus. Clothing, A. F. Betts, Wm. June, F. Frank, M. Levy. JIardicare, A. N. Beadle, C. R. Dickinson. Books, A. Meacham, J. Austin. Millinery, Miss A. Tifft, Miss L. F. Box, INIiss Dcgraw, Mrs. E. A. Foreman, Mrs. Slater, Mr. Falk. Furniture, R. W. Box. Boots and shoes, S. Mason, B. D. Salisbury. Jeicelers, W. Allen & Co., L. A. Gaylord, Mr. Davis. Harness-shop, J. Davison, Mr. Burton. Livery, L. M. Tyler, E. A. Foruian. Hotels, " Salmon River House," W. H. Gray, proprietor ; "Palmer House," S. A. Palmer, proprietor; " Blayo's Hotel," C. Mayo, proprietor. Saloons, E. L. Austin, W. Hemans, F. Wood. Station-agent, S. D. Moore. Montreal telegraph, G. H. Fuller, operator. Dominion telegraph, M. D. Bumpus, operator. The first post-office was established in Richland Janu- ary, 1817, and Henry White appointed postmaster. Or- ville Morrison was appointed in 1818 ; Hiram Hubbcll in 1819; Daniel H. Fisk in 1842; Henry N. Wright in De- cember, 1844; Joseph T. Stevens in 1849; Benjamin Rhodes in 1851 ; Newell Wright in 1852. January 27, 1853, the name of the office was changed to Pulaski, and Newell Wright continued as postmaster until July 14, 1853, when William C. Hempstead was appointed. He was succeeded by Henry N. Wright in 185G. John B. Watson was appointed in 1861, and Henry N. ^Vright in 1866. John B. Watson was reappointed in 1867, and still officiates in that capacity. MASONIC. Felluivship Lodge, No. 288. — The petition for a warrant to hold a lodge in the town of Richland, county of Oneida, to be called " Fellowship lodge," is dated March 28, a.d. 1816, and signed as follows: Elias Howe, James Weed, James A. Thomp.son, Asahel Baker, Ebenezer Young, Reuben Peek, Luther Howe, Julius Whitmore, George Harding, John Yerrington, Newton Marsh, Joseph Hurd, Benjamin Covey, Jr., Nathan W. Noyes. The petition was recommended by Rising Sun lodge, No. 228, Washington lodge. No. 256, and R. W. Grand Visitor, Joseph Enos, and was granted December 4, a.d. 1816. Fellowship lodge, No. 288, was first convened September 10, A.D. 1817. Its charter bore date June 5, a.d. 1817, with the names of Elias Howe, James Weed, and James A. Thompson inserted therein as W. M., S. and J. W.'s in the order named. Jeremiah A. Mathewson was the first Mason made, and it was at his house the lodge held its first communication. During its existence the lodge held one hundred and ninety- five communications, with an average attendance of forty- nine. It had nine difi'orent W. M.'s, viz., Elias Howe, elected September 10, a.d. 1817, December 19, 1817 ; Chester Hayden, December 9, 1818, December 13, 1820 ; John Davis, December 1, 1819 ; Luther Howe, December 5, 1821, December 25, 1822 ; Peter Hinman, December 17, 1823 ; Thomas C. Baker, December 1, 1824, December 21, 1825, December 13, 1826; Abner French, November 28, 1827, December 17, 1828, December 9, 1829 ; Oliver L. Ramsdell, December 29, 1830, December 14, 1831, December 5, 1832, December 25, 1833, December 10, 1834 ; Joseph Avery, December 2, 1835. The last-men- tioned W. M. failed to become (jualificd to preside over a lodge for more than thirty years after his election. Re- turning to Pulaski to visit his friends, P. W.'s D. A. King, W. K. Combs, F. S. Low, Benj. Snow, and John M. Watson, of Pulaski lodge. No. 415, conferred the necessary quali- fications, when this pioneer of JIasonry returned to his western home content. The lodge had thirteen S. W.'s, viz., James Weed, elected September 10, a.d. 1817 ; James A. Thompson, December 19, 1817; John Davis, December 9, 1818; Luther Howe, December 1, 1819, December 29, 1830; Peter Hinman, December 13, 1820, December 5, 1821, December 25, 1822; T. C. Baker, December 17, 1823; James A. Davis, December 1, 1824; Chester Hayden, December 7, 1825; Abner French, December 13, 1826; Justus Fox, November 28, 1827, December 17, 1828; Wm. Hale, December 9, 1829; Joseph Avery, December 14, 1831, December 5, 1832, December 25, 1S33, Decem- ber 10, 1834 ; Asa L. Dickinson, December 2, 1835. Sixteen J. W.'s respectively occupied the South, viz., James A. Thompson, elected September 10, ad. 1817; H. T. Harmon, December 19, 1817 ; Luther Howe, De- cember 9, 1818 ; Peter Hinman, December 1, 1819 ; Asa- hel Baker, December 30, 1820 ; Anson Maltby, December 5, 1821, December 25, 1822; John C. Pride, December 17, 1823 ; John Reynolds, December 21, 1824 ; Augustus Fellows, December 7, 1825; Justus Fox, December 13, 1826 ; Ralph French, November 28, 1827 ; Wm. Hale, December 17, 1828 ; Oliver L. Ramsdell, December 9, 1829 ; A. French, December 29, 1830, December 14, 1831 ; J. J. Kellogg, December 5, 1832, December 25, 1833; Pliny Jones, December 10, 1834 ; Oliver L. Ramsdell, December 2, 1835. Ten Treasurers were custodians of the lodge funds, viz., Asahel Baker, elected September 10, a.d. 1817, December 5, 1821, December 25, 1822, December 17, 1823, Decem- ber 1, 1824; J. A. Mathewson, December 19, 1817, De- cember 9, 1818, December 1, 1819; Simon Meacham, December 13, 1820; Pliny Jones, December 7, t825, December 13, 1826; Wm. Hale, November 28, 1827; Isaac Fellows, December 17, 1828 ; Juseph Avery, Decem- ber 9, 1829 ; John J. Kellogg, December 29, 1830, De- cember 14, 1831 ; A. French, December 5, 1832, Decern- It HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. b.T 25, is:} J, Djoem'jar 10, 18 U ; Rilpli Frdiich, Decem- ber 2, 1835. Eleven Sjcretarias record-jil the lodge's proceedings, viz., H. White, electel September 10, -V.D. 1817; E. Younj:, iJjccmbcr ID, 1817; Smith Diinlup, December 9, 1818, December 10, 1819, December 13, 1820 ; T. C. Baker, December 5, 1821, December 25, 1822 ; J. A. Davis, De- cember 17, 1823; All-son iMiltby, December 1, 1824; Wm. Hale, December 7, 1825, December 13, 1826 ; Hiram Hubbell, November 28, 1827 ; A. C. Dickinson, December 17, 1828; Henry (mi.'.s].ie, December 9, 1829, December 29, 1830, December 14, 1831, December 5, 1832, Decem- ber 25, 18.33, December 10, 1834 ; Abnor French, Decem- ber 2, 1835. Tiie lodge held its communications at the house of J. A. Mathew.son from September 10, A.D. 1817, to January 22, A.I). 1818. It wa.s then removed to the house of E. Young, "and met till" May 10, 1821. At its last communication hold at this {)lace. Brother Young's account for room rent, candles, and rations was rendered. January 2, 1822, the lodge wa.s located at the house of S. Harmon. December 27, 1824, it was removed to the residence of Anson Maltby. February 2, 182G, the lodge removed to Ma.sonic hall, located in the second story of the then called brick school-hcnise, which Wits situated on the grounds now occupied by the Congregational church. The lodge at different periods celebrated the anniversary of the St. John's. Jlay 21, A.I). 1823, a resolution was adopted " to celebrate the nest St. John's, and that there bo a committee of five to make such arrangements as shall be advised, and to give notice of the celebration in the Oswego papers. That Brothers O. Ilayden and Oliver Ayer, preachers of the gospel, be requested to deliver an address on said 24lh. That Brethren James A. Davis, T. C. Baker, John Wood, S. Dunlap be a committee for the above-set-forth business." So far as is known, but three members of the lodge are living, T. V. Baker, .\. French, and Joseph Avery. Its charter and one book of minutes are all that is pre- served of Fellowship lodge. No. 288. They are in pos- 8e.s.si(in of Pulaski lodge, No. 415. Just one entry from the book, indicating the character of the noble men com- posing the lodge, may be quoted : "July 23, A.D. 1828. Lodge opened, and after some friendly conversation mutually given ami received, the lodge closed in good harmony. " IIlKAJI IIlHUKI.L, Sccicia )•!/." I'uliiskl Chiipter, No. 101. — The charter under which Pulaski chapter. No. 104, was instituted bears date Febru- ary .3, A.D. 1825. Worthy Companion Rev. Joshua Bradley was appointed II. Priest, Allen Andrews, King. Smith Dunlap, Scribe, of a chapter of Royal Arch Ma.sons, to be by virtue of said charter formed, constituted, and holden at the village of Pulaski, Oswego County. At ten o'clock a.m., Docenibcr 20, A.D. 1825, agreeable to previous arrangements, the brethren and companions of the chapter as.scmblcd at Masonic hall, and proceeded to elect the following ofhccrs, vi/.. : Rev. Jijslina Bradley, M. E. II. P.; Allen .Vndrtws, M. K. K.; Smith Dunlap, M. E. S. ; Jeremiah Fields, C. II. ; Joshua Roliinson, R. A. C. ; John Bjllin, P. S.; Henry Wed, M. of 3d V.; Isaac Kinney, M. of 2d V.; Alexander M. K.-nt, M. of 1st V. ; John Wood, Trcjis. ; T. C. Baker, Sec'y; John Gratton, Tyler. The chapti'r then adjnurni'd to the courthouse, when the officers elect were duly installed by G. II. P., Ezra Crozier, and D. II. P., S. Jonas. After the installa- tion services were concluded, the Rev. G. Chaplain delivered an appropriate address. A procession was then formed, which " moved" to the house of S. Harmon for dinner. After dinner, at half-p:ist four o'clock P..M.. returned to the h:UI. At this meeting the following names were " proposed for the four degrees," viz. : Brothers E. Young, A. Dudley, James Weed, Augustus Fellows, Isaac Fellows, John C. Pride, John BoUin, C. Ilayden, Win. Hale, Justus Fo.v, 0. L. Ramsdell, and Jabez Meacham. December 12, .\.D. 1826, A. Andrews was elected M. E. II. P.; T. C. Baker, .M. E. K. ; O. h. lUmsdell, Scribe; Justus Fos, C. H. ; Luthur Howe, P. S. ; Peter Hinni.in, R. A. C. ; Augustus Fellows, M. of 3d V. ; Abnor French, M. of 2d V. ; Benjamin Gibbs, M. of 1st V. ; Wm, Hale, Sec'y ; John Wood, Trcxs. ; E. McMcUcn, Tyler. December 25, A.D. 1827, T. C. Baker was elected M. E. H. P. ; Isiiac Fellows, M. E. K. ; Allen Andrews, Scribe ; Luther Howe, C. II. ; O. L. Rimsdell, P. S. ; Justus Fo.x, R. A. C. ; Abner French, M. of 3d V. ; Benjamin Gibbs, M. of 2d V. ; Ralph French, M. of Ist V. ; Pliny Jones, Treas. ; Wm. Hale, Sec'y; J. W. Helme, C. December 24, A.D. 1828, Henry Weed Wits elected M. E. H. P. ; Allen Andrews, M. E. K. ; Justus Fos, Scribe ; Isaac Fellows, C. H. ; 0. L. Rurasdell, P. S. ; Augustus Fellows, R. A. C. ; Abner French, .M. of 3d V. ; Benja- min Gibbs, M. of 2d V. ; R. F. North, M. of 1st V. ; Pliny Jones, Treas. ; Wm. Hale, Sec'y ; Rev. P. Goodwin, Chap. The regular communications of the chapter were held on Tuesday, at three o'clock P..M., on or next preceding the first full moon in the months of December, March, June, and September. It held during its existence twenty-seven communications, and advanced fifty-one M. M.'s to the degrees of M. M., P. M., M. E. M., and R. A. M. It ceased to meet March 24, A.D. 1829. January 10, .\.D. 1826, the secretary, Juilge Wm. Hale, recorded the fact that " one-half dollar was received and ex- pended for refreshment." The charter and the minutes are in the pos.sc.ssion of Pulaski loilge, No. 415. Pulaski Loiltjc, No. 415. — The dispensation under which this lodge was instituted bears date August 11, A.D. 1856. The following names were inserted therein, viz. : W. K. Combs, F. L. Williams, A. II. Weed, Is;iac Fellows, Abner French, Augustus Day, M. Russell, S. B. Ingham, A. Tows- ley, and Norman Root. The first three were M. and W.'s in the order named. At its first communication N. Root was elected Treasurer, and A. Day, Secretary. D. A. King, F. S. Low, and J. A. Clark were the first applicants for membership. The lodge charter was granted Juno 10, A.D. 1857, with the names of Warren K. Combs, W. M. ; Don A. King, S. W. ; P. y\. Borland, J. W., inserted therein ; was received August I'.t, A.D. 1857, when the lodge was prom|)tly convened for the installation of its officers. At this communication Jamc.s A. Clark was elected Treasurer, and Jesse W. Cross, I^ES.of S.H.FELLOVfS, FULASKI,N.Y RES. of J. C-. & C.W. YfHITE, Richlano, Os^eoq Co. N- Y^ HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 215 Secretary. The oflBcers were duly installed by W. L. H. Conklin, of Mexico, New York. The lodge has three hundred and fifteen names upon its rolls. It has lost hy death twenty-two members, by dis- mission and removals one hundred and eight, leaving its present membership one hundred and eighty-five. Septem- ber 21, A.D. lyG4, all the members residing within the jurisdiction of Sandy Creek withdrew from the lodge and instituted Sandy Creek lodge, No. 564. This accounts for the large loss of menibersliip by dismission. Ten different W. M.'s have presided over the lodge, viz., W. K. Combs, from its institution to December 16, A.V. 1857, elected December 16, 1S63 ; P. M. Borland, Decem- ber 16, 1857 ; D. A. King, December 15, 1858, December 21, 1859; Frank S. Low, December 19, 1860, December 18, 1861, December 17, 1862 ; Benjamin Snow, December 21, 1864, December 20, 1865; Daniel W. Grout, Decem- ber 19, 1866, December 18, 1867,. December 16, 1868, died December 21, 1868; John T. McCarty, January 6, 1869; Smith E. Salisbury, December 15, 1869, December 21, 1870 ; Wilson F. Purdy, December 20, 1871, Decem- ber 18, 1872, December 17, 1873, December 16, 1874, December 15, 1875; David C. Blahaffy, December 20, 1876. Twelve S. W.'s have stood in the West, viz., F. L. Williams, from its institution to August 19, a.d. 1857; Don A. King, elected August 19, 1857; P. S. Low, De- cember 15, 1858, December 21, 1859; Benjamin Snow, December 19, 1860, Decejnber 18, 1861, December 17, 1862; John T. McCarty, December 16, 186.3; D. W. Grout, December 21, 1864, December 20, 1865; Seneea D. Moore, December 19, 1866, December 18, 1867, De- cember 21, 1870, December 20, 1871, December 18, 1872, December 17, 1873 ; S. E. Sali-sbiiry, December 16, 1868 ; T. R. Ingersoll, December 15, 1869; H. H. Potter, De- cember 16, 1874; D. C. Mahaffy, December 15, 1875; Lewis J. Macy, December 20, 1876. Fifteen J. W.'s have officiated in the South, viz., Albert H. Weed, from its institution to August 19, a. d. 1857 ; P. M. Borland, elected August 19, 1857; Benjamin Snow, December 15, 1858, December 21, 1859 ; Henry Twitchell, December 19, 1860, December 18, 1861, December 17, 1862; D. W. Grout, December 16, 1863; S.D.Moore, December 21, 1864, December 20, 1865, December 15, 1869; J. Davidson, December 19, 1866 ; A. L. Williams, December 18, 1867 ; H. H. Potter, December 16, 1868 ; W. F. Purdy, Decem- ber 21, 1870; Orla Allen, December 20, 1871; N. A. Alsever, December 18, 1872; I). C. Jlahaffy, December 17, 1873, December 10, 1874 ; L. J. Macy, December 15, 1875 ; F. H. Mahaffy, December 20, 1876. The lodge has had five Treasurers, viz., Norman Root, elected August 23, a.d. 1856, served to August 19, 1857 ; James A. Clark, elected August 19, 1857, served to Decem- ber 19, 1860; William H. Gray, elected December 19, 1860, served to December 21, 1870; Henry Twitchell, elected December 21, 1870, served to December 20, 1871|; T. R. Ingersoll, elected December 20, 1871, annually re- elected, and is now the present Treasurer. Six Secretaries have recorded the proceedings of the lodge, viz., Augustus Day, elected August 23, a.ix 1856, served to August 19, 1857 ; Jes.so W. Cross, elected Au- gust 19, 1857, served to December 15, 1858; Charles H. Cross, from December 15, 1858, to December 16, 1863; A. R. Angell, elected December 16, 1863, served to December 21, 1864 ; E. C. Seeley, elected December 21, 1864, served to December 19, 1866 ; Benjamin Snow, elected December 19, 1866, annually re-elected, and is now the present Secretary. The lodge Chaplains number ten, viz., Jules F. Billiard, appointed December 19, a.d. 1860; llev. P. B. Morrison, December 18, 1861, December 17, 1862 ; John Woodbury, December 16, 1863, December 21, 1864; Rev. F. H. Stanton, December 20, 1865, December 19, 1866, Decem- ber 18, 1867; Rev. S. J. Decker, December 16, 1868; Rev. R. C. Boyer, December 15, 1869, December 21, 1870; L. R. Muzzy, December 20, 1871 ; E. H. Gaylord, December 18, 1872 ; Rev. William L. Tisdale, December 17, 1873, December 16, 1874; Rev. James P. Foster, December 15, 1875, December 20, 1876. The lodge was incorporated under chapter 317, laws of 1866, on the 6th of January, a.d. 1874. The first board of trustees were C. H. Cross, W. K. Combs, T. R. Ingersoll. December 16, 1874, S. D. Moore was elected in place of C. H. Cross. December 15, 1875, W. K. Combs, and December 20, 1876, T. R. Ingersoll, were re-elected. Since its institution the lodge has in no case omitted to hold its regular communications on the first and third Wednesday of every month. Financially, the lodge is established on a sound basis. It freely bestows its charities upon all needy craftsmen who apply, as well as upon its own members. The widows and orphans of deceased brethren are not neglected, but assisted. The feelings of the entire community towards the lodge are of a friendly character, and the time is near, even now is, when it is re- garded as an honor to be a Free and Accepted Mason, and a member of Pulaski lodge No. 415. PULASKI academy. The citizens of the village generally became very much interested in the education of its children and youth, and in the year 1853, through the exertions of Messrs. Charles H. Cross, Hiram Murdock, Anson R. Jones, George Gurley, Don A. King, Anson Maltby, Newton M. Ward- well, Samuel WoodruflF, and William H. Lester, an act of the legislature was passed consolidating parts of three school districts lying within the village into one district, to be known thereafter as the " Pulaski school district," empower- ing its board of trustees to establish and organize a classical school, to be known by the name of " the Pulaski academy." The above-named gentlemen, being the first trustees of said district, and ex-officio board of education, did as soon as practicable establish the Pulaski academy. In the .summer of 1855 it became subject to the visitation of the board of regents, in the same manner and to the same extent as though originally incorporated by them, and now enjoys all the benefits and advantages, and ranks among the best academies of the State. In April, 1854, the beautiful grounds on the bank of Salmon river, containing about one and thrce-f|uartcr acres, were secured and ]iurchased by said trustees, for the sum of five hundred dollars, then un- improved and nearly covered with a grove of chesnut-, oak-, and maple-trccs, upon which was erected the present 210 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. stately structuro of lirick, c-ij;lity l>y lifty t'wt, three s-tories liigli, the two lower being tliirtueii feet high " in the cL'ar," and tlie third story ten feet. The estimated cost of tlie .sujierstrufture was eight tliiius;ind duliars, but owing to prudent and eeommiical management of the trustees and building committees, tlie s:ime wa5 completed at the actual cost of seven thousand one hundred and twenty-eight dol- lars aud ten cents.* The following were the building committee : George Gurley, An.son Mahby, Charles II. Cro.ss, Don A. King, Samuel Woodruff, Anson 15. Jones, D. C. Salisbury, John T. McCarty, and William II. Lester. William S. Carpen- ter, master-builder. The following sub-committees were appointed, viz. : Jlessrs. George Gurley, Samuel Woodruff, and Don A. King, to perfect and present a proper plan for the academy. Charles II. Cross, Samuel Woodruff", and William II. Lester, to prepare estimates of cost of labor and materials. Charles H. Cress and Don A. King, to contract for timber, sawoil lumber, sand, and stone. George Gurley and Don A. King, to contract for carpen- ter and joiner work. George Gurley and Anson R. Jones, to contract for lathing and plastering. Anson Maltby, general superintendent of laborers and erection of building. Early in May, 1854, the ground was first broken, and so harmoniously and expeditiously did the work progress, that on the Stli day of January, 1855, the building was aceejited and dedicated with ajijtropriate ceremonies ( termed a celebration), with the following order of exercises : 1. Praj'er, by Rev. Andrew Oliver; 2. Music, by the choir; 3. Remarks, by the town superintendent; 4. Music, by the choir; 5. Address, by Hon. Henry N. Wright; 6. Singing, dedication ode; 7. Prayer, by Rev. L. Muzzy; 8. Renediction, by Rev. R. Houghton. The acaiiemy consists of two departments, male and female, with the following courses of study : academic, preparatory college course, and commercial. The officers of the academy have been as follows : 1855 and 185G. — Stephen C. Miller, principal; Miss Frances Baker, preceptress ; Homer T. Fowler, James W. Fenton, assistants. 1857 and 1858. — Henry ],. Lamb, jirincipal ; Miss Abba L. Green, preceptress; George L. Bragdon, assistant. 1859. — Henry L. Lamb, princijial ; Miss Emma N. Beebee, jireceptress ; Jules F. Billiard, a.s.sistant. I860.— R. B. Van Patten, principal; Miss E. M. Des- brow, preceptress ; Jules F. Billiard, assistant. A. Hoose, principal; Miss E. M. Desbrow, preceptress; Jules F. Billiard, assistant. 18G1. — Pulaski E. Smith, principal; Jliss Emma N. Beebee, preceptress ; Harvey H. Butterworth, assistant. 18G2. — Same principal, same preceptress, Daniel D. Owen, assistant. * Cost of ncailciiiy, seven tliuiisiind iiml one hunilrcil ilulliirs: Int, libriirv. luiJ pliiliL^ojiliiiul niiiiunitii.", thiiieen liiiinlred and eiglitj-- llvo dulUirs : total, Lighl lliuiisaiwl Tixir hundred nnd cighly-five dollui ^. 18G3. — Same principal, same assistant, Misses Lizzie P. Bush and Helen 31. Rice, preceptresses. 1864. — Harvey II. Butterworth, principal; Miss Helen M. Rice, preceptrass ; Daniel D. Owen, assi.*tant. 18G5. — Harvey H. Butterworth, Nehemiah White, M. B. Benton, J. W. Grant, principals; Mrs. II. H. Butter- worth, preceptress ; J. W. Quinby, assistant. ISGG, — Daniel D, Owen, principal ; Mrs. II, H. Butter- worth, preceptress ; Nathan B. Smith, assistant. 1SG7. — Nathan B. Smith, principal; Miss Kate J. Brown, preceptress; J. H, Matti.son, a.ssistant. 1868.— II. W. Congdon, principal; Miss Flora A. Pot- ter, preceptress ; E. W. Blanchard, jissistant. 1869 and 1870. — Sebastian Duffy, principal; Mrs. S. Duffy, preceptress; B. F, Miller, a.ssistant. 1871. — S. Duffy, principal; Mrs. S. Duffy, preceptress; W. Steele, assistant. 1872. — S, Duffy, principal; Mrs. S. Duffy, preceptress; R, L, Keyser, assistant. 1873. — S. Duffy, principal; Mrs. S. Duffy, preceptress; A. W. Arehiliald, assistant. 1874 and 1875.— S. Duffy, principal; Mrs. S. Duffy, preceptress ; II. W. Hunt, assistant. 1S7G. — S. Duffy, principal; Mrs. S. Duffy, preceptress; II. T. Iloyt, assistant. 1877. — S. Duffy, princip.il; Mrs. S. Duffy, preceptress ; S. C. Huntington and F, Gilman, assistants. The average annual expense of the in.stitution, exclusive of repairs on buildings, ha.s been four thou.sand dollars. The officers of the respective boards of education from its organization to the present time are as follows : I'icsiileiils. — George Gurley served four years; Beman Broekway, two years; Sidney M. Tucker, one year; Chas. H. Cross, three years ; James N. Betts, eight years ; Geo. W. Woods, one year ; James Douglas, four years ; James W. Fenton, two years. Treasurers. — George Gurley served four years ; James A. Clark, twenty-one years. Sccrtlarics. — Don A. King served eight years ; Charles H. Cross, two years ; Lorenzo Ling, eight years ; Newton M. Thompson, one year; Benj, Snow, six years. Trustees. — George Gurley served four years ; Don A. King, twelve years; Newton M. Wardwell, one year; Jas. A. Clark, twenty-three years ; Andrew Z, McCarty, one year; Hiram M. Murdock, one year; Charles II, Cross, twelve years; Anson R. Jones, three years; Stephen C. Miller, thirteen years; John T. McCarty, five years; Alonzo R. Angell, four years; Frank S. Low, eleven years; Samuel Woodruff, four years; Adonirum Fisher, nine years; Benj. F, Rhodes, one year ; Gilbert A. Woods, twenty years ; William II. Lester, two years ; Beman Broekway, two years; Josephus C. Hatch, two years; James N. Betts, eighteen years ; Lorenzo Ling, ten years ; S. C. Huntington, twelve years; N. M. Thompson, one year; George T. Pcckham, eleven years; D, 0. KiiDwlton, four years; Sidney M, Tucker, four years; Jas, F, Davis, two years ; Jas. W. Fenton, .seven years ; Geo. W. Woods, nine years; R. C. Dickinson, threes-ears; Henry II, Lyman, one year ; Sewell T. Gates, two years ; James Douglas, nine years; Edwin II. 51 inot, two years; Benj. Snow, six years. THE FIRST CONOREGATIONAL CHURCH, PULASKI, N.Y. Ci.SBh. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 217 Board of Eilacation, 1877. — James A. Clark, Gilbert A. Woods, Don A. King, James N. Betts, S. C. Hunting- ton, E. H. Minot, James W. Pcnton, Sewoll T. Gates, Benj. Snow. Jam&s W. Fenton, president; James A. Clark, treasurer; Benj. Snow, secretary. The academy has not been built up by endowments, yet its history shows a marked growth. The principal and the entire faculty are ably a.ssisted by the trustees in their laliors, and no pains or expense is spared to make this iuslitution '' rauk among the first in the land." PUL.^SIvI GRANGE was organized March 27, 1875, and the following officers were cho.sen : Newton M. Thompson, M. ; Olin S. Clark, O. ; C. R. Erskine, L. ; A. B. Trumbull, S. ; S. S. Jordan, A. S. ; A. N. Balsley, C. ; Clark Cule, T. ; A. J. Champ- ney, S. ; Arthur Alexander, G. K. ; Mrs. 0. S. Clark, C. ; Mrs. A. B. Trumbull, P. ; Miss Lois Clark, F. ; Mrs. C. R. Erskine, L. A. S. ; Olin S, Clark, Augustus Twitchcll, N. M. Thompson, Executive Committee. THE PRESS. The Pulaski Banner was established in April, 1830, by Nathan Randall, and continued by him until 1832, when it passed into the hands of A. A. Mathewson and G. G. Foster, who published it one year. It was issued by James Gedd until 1834, when it was suspended. In 183G it re- appeared as the Pulaski Advocate, and was published by Daniel Ayer until 1838, when it was sold to Mr. Dickinson and consolidated with the Port Ontario Aurora, and was issued under the name of the Advocate and Aurora. The name Aurora was dropped in the year 1810, and the Ad- vocate again passed into the hands of Daniel Ayer, by whom it was discontinued in 1842. In 1843 the Pulaski Courier was started by W. Winans and was issued by him until 1847, when A. A. Mathewson assumed conti'ol and changed its name to the Richland Courier. In 1850 J. C. Hatch purchased the establish- ment, and changed the name of the sheet to the Pulaski Democrat. It was published by him until 1855, when it was ])urchased by Stephen C. Miller, the principal of Pu- laski academy. His ownership continued until the time of his death in November, 18(59, when the paper came into the possession of L. Reade Muzzy, its present editor and proprietor. Since his purchase Mr. Muzzy has enlarged the sheet, added considerably to the office facilities by the introduction of steam and two power-pres.ses, and removed the establishment to new and more commodious ijuarters. The Democrat is an ably-etlited, independent journal, and justly merits its present prosperity. THE FIRST C0NGHEG.\TIO.V.VL CHURCH. The First Congregational church of Pulaski, New York, was organized as a church in Pawlet, Vermont, by the colony leaving that place for Richland, New York, before it.s departure. It consisted of nine members, viz., Thaddeus Harmon, John Meachafn, Levi Meacham, Joel Harmon, Simon Mcacham, Lucy Meacham, Olive Hail, Polly Meacham, Ruth HaruioD. 15 The society wa-s organized with the name of the First Congregational Society and Church of Richland January 22, 1811. The meeting for this purpose was held by previous notice and in legal form at the house of Erastus Kellogg in said town, and the act of incorporation was legally consummated and papers filed in the county clerk's office February 25, 1811. The first trustees were Timothy Maltby, Silas Harmon, Rufus Pierce, John Meacham, Eras- tus Kellogg, Dr. Bloses R. Porter, and Simon Meacham. They met for worship at various private houses until the year 1817, when they occupied a school-house which was then located on the present site of the land-office, and was after a time removed to the present locality of the Baptist church. After the erection of the court-house, in 1819, the church and society held their services in that building. The first church edifice was erected in 1827, and com- pleted and dedicated in 1828. The dimensions of this building were thirty-eight feet by fifty-two feet, with a gal- lery surrounding three sides of the house. Its estiu)ated cost was about two thousand dollars. It was located on Church street, a little north and east of the present location of the same building, which is now occupied and used as a school-house. At the last church service hold in this building, July 9, 1865, Rev. David Spear, of Rodman, preached, being then in his eighty-fifth year. He preached the first sermon after its erection, and administered the first communion service. Preparation was made for the erection of the present house of worship, located on the corner of Lake and Church streets, in 1865. It was completed in the spring of 1867, and dedicated April 24, 1867. Rev. Laurens P. Hickok, D.D., LL.D., president of Union college, preached the dedication sermon. The dimensions of this building on the foundation are seventy-sis feet by fifty-seven feet. The estimated cost is sixteen thousand dollars. The largest gift made towards the erection of this church edifice was fifteen hundred dollars, by Deacon Simon Meacham, whose name is identified with the early history ol" the church as a member of the church when first organized in Pawlot, Vermont, also one of its first deacons, and a member of the first board of trustees; a man of superior intellectual ability and unblemished Christian character. His portrait appears on the same page with the view of the church edifice in this work. The first pastor of the church, who accompanied the colony from Pawlet, Vermont, was Rev. Oliver Leavitt, who was iirdained and installed as pastor December 24, 1811, and was dismissed August 27, 1818. During his pastorate forty-seven persons united by profession of faith, and ten united by letter. Rev. Oliver Ayer was installed February 20, 1822, and was dismissed April 12, 1826. During his pastorate thirty-four persons united by profession and fifteen by letter. Rev. George Freeman commenced labors December 7, 1827, and was dismis.scd January 22, 1830. During this time ten persons united by profession and eighteen by letter. Rev. Ralph Riiliinson was installed pastor March 23, 1830, and wa.s dismissed January 28, 1846. During his 218 IIISTOKV OK OSWKCO fOrNTY. NKW VOltK. pastorale of nearly MXleen years one liuniireil and nineteen persons united with tliu cliureh by profession and eighty- one by letter. Kev. Tlinnias Salmon eoninicneed labors Auf;\isl 2, 18-10, was installed as jiastor June 15, 1847, and died Deeeuiber 4, 18r)4. During liis pastorate thirty-seven persons united by jirofession and forty by letter. l{ev. Kayette .Shejilierd con)nieneed labors May 19, 1855, and was disuiis.sed April HI, 1858, twenty-three persons uiiiling by |irof(Ssirin and twenty-three by letter. Kev. JiUeian West Clianey began liis labors October 10, 1858, and was disnii.^sed November 10, 1864. During the period of his minislcrial labors eigliteen persons united by ])roff.ssion and Iwcnty-lliree by letter. The present pastor, Kev. J. Douglas, commenced his labors December 1, 1864. Eighty-two persons have been added to the church under his labors thus far by profes.sion and twenty-three by letter. The first Sabbath school was organized in 1817 by Deacon Simon Meacham, and a library was organized in ISIH. The present su])erintendpnt is N. IJ. Smith, Esq. The board of trustees consi.sts of Deacon John Meacham, J. A. Clark, L. Ling, M. Pierce, and R. C. Dickinson. TIIK .VETIIODIST KI'ISCOI'.VL ClintClI. James Trumbull states that when he came into the town, in the year 1811, (lie Methodists in this vieinitv held .ser- vice at the house of John Jngcrsoll and in I'liny Jones' bar-room. There are no early records of this church pre- served, but the society was probably organized in 1813 or 1814, and held meetings in tl)e school-hou.se until the erec- tion of the court-lu)Use, when that was occupied alternately by the religions societies. Among the first preaeiurs were I'alhers Calkins and Bibbings. The first church edifice was erected in 1832, on the site now oecu])icd by the residence of Charles Hubbard, on Salina street. The f'ollowing-nanii'd persons have at various times offi- ciated as pastors of the church, viz. : Revs. McNine, Fuller, Whiteonib, Cha]iin, G. C. Woodruff, Bodish, Hawkins, A. J. Vh.lps, Orlando C. Cole, William Jones, S. B. Croshier, Lemuel Clark, Thomas B. Shephard, J. H. Lamb, F. H. Santon, H. Skicl, William Watson, W. L. Ti.sdale, D. W. Thurston (sujiiily i, J. B. Longstreet, present pastor. 'I'lie present trustees are : D. C. Dodge, S. Dickinson, C. R. Suydam, Olin Clark, F. Frank, .M. D. Cornwell, T. Hollis, B. H. Allen, T. I). Seymour. THE BAPTIST CllllKril. This church was organized in 182S. Previous to that time the Baptists in Pulaski and vicinity Inid been formed into a conference by the Rev. Nathaniel Gitteau. Mis labors as a preacher and pastor were very accej)table. He died in 1827. On the 17th of May, 1828, the conference met to consider tlie expediency of effect ing a jH'rmanent organization. They determined to do so with the concur- rence of a council of the neigliboring Jiaptist churches. This was called to meet at ten A.M. on the i)lh of June, at the court-house in the village of Pulaski. Tiie council convened at the appointed time, and was compo.sethrop, T. C. Baker, Benjamin Snow, and Horace Phillips. The following jiersoiis also were present, and invited to participate in tiie labors of the council: Rev. (ianndiel Barnes, John and William Manwarring, from Mexico; H. B. Rounds, and David Carlisle, from Newjiort. The council voted to orgiinize a church, and it was ef- fected witli the following services of recognition : Rev. R. T.Smith preached the sermon from Luke xii. 32; Rev. Mr. Ferris gave the hand of fellowship, and T. Brewster gave the address to the members. The church at once chose T. C. Baker as clerk. On the 12th of July a nu'eting to eli-ct deacons was held, and choice Wiis made of Benjamin Snow and T. C. Baker. The following are the names of the ctmstituent members : Jason Lotlirop, Benjamin Snow, T. C. Baker, R. Clync, Eli Greene, Horace l'hilli]is, John Heiidrirk.son, Sylvester Hills, Oliver Allen, Mrs. Allen and daughter, Mrs. William Hale and daughter, Sibyl S. Baker, Lavina Snow, D.lla Doane, Bct.sy Jones, Polly llendrick.^on, Charlotte Wav, Amanda Weed, Susan Phillips, Lovina >L>acham. Ann Fellows. Cynthia Ba.ss, Eliza Bnigdon, and Fanny Man- warring. Steps for building a church were taken at a meeting held August 31, 1829, but it was the summer of 1834 before the edifice was ready for occupation. h\ the mean time •religious services continued to be held in the c(mrt-house. When the frame wsls put up, the pastor, Rev. Jes,sc Elliott, made a prayer. No other dedication services were held until several years later, when Rev. S. J. Decker was the pastor, and the cliureh was considerably eidarged and re- paired. The original location of the church has never been changed. It fronts the South Park adjoining the court- house. Rev. M. B. Comfort is the jircseiit pastor. J. W. Wood, A. S. Riclnirds, and Ephraim A vci ill are tlie deacons, and E. C. Bearilslcy the church elcrk. Since the organization of the church the fiillowing persons have served it as pastors, and in the order named : Ja.son Lothrop, Jesse Elliot, I. N. T. Tucker, C. B. Taylor, A. Webb, Charles Marxball, Thomas Bright, W. I. Crane, Lawson Muzzy, S. J. Decker, M. V. Wilson, (J. A. Ames, and M. B. Comfort. The exact term of service of each has not been obtaiiu'd, but it has varied considerably. The early pastorales were short as a ride, but for the past thirty-five years they liave averaged about five years, and .some have largely exceeded that length. The early ]iosition of this church on l\u: sul)j<'ct of temperance is deserving of notice here. So long ago as June 20, 1829, the following record was made: " Voted unanimously that this church do hereby resolve that each and every nienibcr refrain from the use of ardent spirits in any case except as a medicine." Residence Zf james n.beus, M.D. Pulaski, N.Y. Residence of DON A .KINO, PULASKI , N. Y. HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 219 It is believed that few churches at that early day held such just and advanced views on this important (juestion. The last report gave an enrolled membership of one hundred and ten. ST. JAMES EPISCOPAL CHURCH. St. James Church, Pulaski, w;is organized August 10, 1846, Hon. Andrew Z. McCarty presiding at a meeting held for that purpose in the court-house. John David and Andrew Z. McCarty were elected wardens ; John Box, Jr., Daniel McCarty, Jerome B. Smith, Jo.seph T. Stevens, John A. Rhoades, Alden Crandall, Frey Lane, J. C. Rhoades were chosen vestrymen ; Rev. Edward De Zeng ministered here from some time in 1848 to April, 1849 ; Rev. Henry Stanley wa.s rector from April 22, 1849, to October 12, 1852 ; Rev. Gordon M. Bradley served the parish from January 1, 1853, to October of the same year; Rev. Andrew Oliver from July 9, 1854, to April 8, 1855; Rev. Joshua L. Harrison from about October 1, 1855, to April 1, 1856; Rev. Moses E. Wilson from December 1, 1856, to December 1, 1857 ; supplied by visiting clergymen for three and a half years (especially Rev. William Paret, rector Zion church, Pierrepont Manor), and by lay reading by Mr. John David, senior warden ; Rev. Peter B. Morrison from June 16, 1861, to May 3, 1863; Rev. Milton B. Benton from August, 1863, to May, 1867 ; Rev. Gilbert B. Hayden from August 1, 1867, to Aug. 12, 1868 ; Rev. Robert C. Boyer from January 4, 1869, to February, 1871 ; Rev. J. H. Rowling from autumn of 1871, for nine months; Rev. W. II. Hopkins from January 1, 1873, to November, 1874. During the frequent vacancies in the pastorate of this church, religious services were kept up by the lay reading of the late venerable John David, the founder and life-long senior warden of the parish. The present rector is the Rev. James P. Foster, who ac- cepted the rectorship May 1, 1875, and is still the incum- bent. Under his pastorate this church has added thirty families, two hundred individuals, and fifty communicants. During the two years of his ineumbeney there have been eighty baptisms and forty-eight confirmations. A parson.age has been paid for and the parish kept free from debt. Some of the first members of this church were John David and wife, Hon. A. Z. McCarty and family, of Pula.ski; Joseph T. Stevens, Daniel McCarty, of Wa.shington, D. C. ; Frey Lane and family, John T. McCarty and family, of Pulaski; D. 0. Knowlton, of Syracuse; R. L. Ingcrsoll and fiunil}', and Jules Billiard and family, of Pulaski. The church building was finished in 1850, and was con- secrated February 27, 1850, by the Right Reverend William H. De Lancey, bishop of western New York. It was at that time regarded a.s one of the prettiest chuidi edifices in the diocese. The cost of the building was two thousand five hundred dollars. It is thirty by ninety feet. The architect was Upjohn, of New York. The present oflScers are Stephen Mason and Charles H. Cross, wardens; John T. McCarty, Jules Billiard, William II. Hill, W. P. Outersou, A. J. Shelley, L. D. Potter, William H. Gray, Prof S. Duffy, vestrymen. The parish is indebted to the Hon. William C. Piurnpont, of J'ierre- jiont ]Manor, for the gift of five hundred dollars towards the church building, and one thousand dollai-s for-tlie parsonage. THE BAPTIST CHUKCn OF SOUTH RICHLAND. This church was organized on the 7th day of October, 1817, by a council convened at the house of Colonel Robert Gillespie. Elder Enos Ferris became the first jiastor of the church October 11, 1817, and ofiiciated in that capacity during a number of years. The services of this early organization were held at various private houses until 1839; a church edifice was commenced and completed in the following year. The first service was held in tlie church April 11, 1840. There are no records of the church from which can be obtained the names of the different pastors who have been stationed here. We are only able to give the names of Elders Evering, M. V. Will- son, E. Crove, and Rev. T. G. Jones, the pre.sent pastor. The roll of membership numbers sixty-one. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP SOUTH RICH- LAND. This church was organized in June, 1840, by Rev. G. C. Woodruff and Rev. Gardner Baker, with the following uienibers : Solomon and Betsey Erskine, Phuibe Erskine, Betsey Dickinson, Ilhoda Stewart, Sebern Dickiu.son and wife, George H. English and wife, Timothy Steel and wife, Levi Cary and wife, and Jonathan Sherwood and wife. Services were held in the school-house until 1858, when the present church edifice was dedicated by Rev. George Sawyer, presiding elder, and the pastor, Rev. J. H. Burnett. The building was erected at a cost of eight hundred dollars. At the organization of this church it was a part of the Pulaski circuit, and served by Rev. G. C. Woodruff in 1842, and Rev. B. Holmes in 1843-44. In the latter year it was made a part of the Mexico circuit, and in 1845 Rev. O. Lathrop ofiiciated as pastor. Rev. 0. Squires was pastor in 1846-47, David B. Smith in 1848, Allen C. Castle in 1849-50, and J. C. Smedley and D. Barnard in 1851. In 1851 it was made an independent charge. The following-named persons have served this church as pastors from its organization as an independent charge to the present time, embracing a period of twenty-six years, — Revs. William Peck, 1852; J. M. Hudson, 1853-54; David P. Knapp, 1855-56; J. H. Burnett, 1857-58; J. H. Buck, 1859-60 ; Allen C. Castle, 1861 ; A. Blackman, 1862-63; M. T. Smedley, 1864-65; Zardis Kenyon, 1866; , J. W. McDonald, 1867; J. W. Simpson, 1868-70; L. R. Grant, 1871-72; S. Boyd, 1873-75. The church is at present in a prosperous condition, and is under the efficient management of Rev. George H. Van Vliet, who begau his pastoral labors in 1876. The present officers are as follows: Class-leaders, Charles Eiskine, John Tyler, Lyman Leonard, A. Brainard, Charles Hicks, anrateil cuinpaiiifs Ls $l,728,52r), and the ei|ualizeJ vuluutiun is Sl,onent of the ]irinciples of that party. Mr. Ingersoll is essentially a self-made man, and has through his own individual efforts become one of the substantial uieu of the county. CAI'TAIN lUA KOANE Wiis born June 10, 1807, in Litchfield, Herkimer county, New York. His father, John Doane, was a soldier in the Rcvolution;iry war; enlisteil immediately after the battle of Bunker Hill, and served during the war. He was a pris- oner eighteen months in a pri.son-ship in New York harbor. The parents moved i'roni Connecticut about 1798, and eventually settled in Litchtielil. Herkimer countv, New York. Their children were six sons and two daughters, four of whom arc surviving, viz.: Mrs. Olivia Mason, residing in Pulaski; Isaac, in Port Ontario; Harvey, in Michigan, and the subject of our sketch. Tlu' family moved to Orwell in May, 1S21. The father died January 9, 1831, the mother in 1845; both in Pulaski. Ca]itain Doane was married October 24, 1830, to Audria Vorce. Seven children were born to them, only two of whom are living: a son, Helon F., and daughter, Martha A., wife of L. D. Potter, son of John E. Potter. A son, Henry (!. Doane. was a member of the Tbiriy-fil'tli Regi- ment New York Volunteers, and died at Elmini, New York. His wife died June, 1853, and he was married to Julia Vorce January 22, 1S54, cousin of his first wife, and daughter of Colonel William Vorce. The early years of Captain Doane's life were spent as a farmer, about twelve years as a carpenter and joiner, the latter years as a merchant in Pulaski, and later still o]i<>ratiiig in timber lands. He has been called to fill various offices of ]]ublic trust : president of the village, collector, jailor, and under-sheriff, and inspector of customs in New York city, may be mentioned among them. A life-long Deunjcrat, Cajitain Doane voted for General Jaek.son and for the Democratic candidate at every jiresi- dential election since. He built the house he oceu|)ies in 1805, and at the present time has retired from all active business, in the enjoyment of a competency, the result of years of hard labor, and the friendship and esteem of the entire community. JAMES N. BETTS, M.L>. Oswego County is noted for the proficiency and high standard of its medical men, and none occupy a more de- '/^^^' HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 221 servedly popular position in the profession than Dr. James N. Betts, of Pulaski. A residence of nearly a quarter of a century there, during which time he has been in the active practice of liis ]iroi'e.ssion, ha.s fully donKinstrated his general wortli, and assinncJ him a consj)icunus jilacc on the pages of history. James N., sou of Silas and Janette (^Wheeler) Betts, was born in the town of Oxford, Chenango county, New York, April 2, 1822. He was tlie second of a family of four children, and remained a member of it until he completed his fourteenth year, when he left the paternal roof, and went out in ■' the wide, wide world" to do for himself, and since that time has relied entirely upon his own resources. He received an academic educaticjn, and before graduating had chosen his profession, — namely, that of a doctor. In order to meet the necessary expenses for the prosecution of his medical studies he was compelled to teach school for several years. He then entered the Worcester medical college, at Worcester, Massachusetts, and iiom there went to the Syra- cuse medical college, from which latter he graduated with honors. After graduating he was engaged in the manufac- ture of medicine, and at the same time published the Si/r- acuse Medical Juunml. In December, 1843, Dr. Betts was married to Miss Sarah M., daughter of Jesse Burrows, Esq., of Coventry, Che- nango county. New York. In 1855 he disposed of his property and business in Syracuse and removed to Pulaski, where he established himself in the practice of his profession, and ha.s since devoted his entire attention to it. He has been eminently successful. He holds diplomas from the Medical University of Philadelphia, from the Syracuse med- ical college, and from the Eclectic medical college of Cin- cinnati, Ohio. In 1875 he was strongly urged to accept the enviable position of the chair of surgery in the American medical college of St. Louis, Missouri, but his extensive practice, home standing, and business interests debarred him from accepting the honor, much to the disappointment of the faculty. The doctor has taken a deep interest in the educational affairs of Pulaski. He has been a member of the board of education since 1855, with the exception of one year, in which he was supervisor. In politics he is a Democrat of the good old Jeffersonian school. He is an earnest and con- sistent member of the political party whose principles he has espoused. The doctor ha.s three boys: the elder, Albert F., is a well- known merchant, at Pulaski; the second son, James H., is traveling ; whilst the younger, George W., has adopted the profession of his worthy father, and is now completing his medical education at the University of 3Iichigan, at Ann Arbor, connected with which is one of the best medical colleges in the country. Dr. Betts is a gentleman well and favorably known, and one who is very liighly rcspectiid and esteemed. He pos- sesses the necessary qualifications of the physician other tliau knowledge, — geniality of disposition, and firmness blended with kindness and conqiassion. In his domestic relations he is kind and affectionate, a good hu.-sband, father, and friend, and in every sense a worthy citizen. (^Sec illus- tration and portrait on aniither page.) DON A. KING. The subject of this sketch tracas his lineage back to the reign of Quoon Elizabeth, when John King, father of the original settler in this country, of the same fiunily, was secretary to that distinguished sovereign. A son, named Ed- ward, was a classmate of John Milton, and was a successful competitor with the illustrious poet for a class prize. He was subsequently drowned in the Irish sea, and commem- orated by Milton in the poem of " Lycidas." John King, the ancestor of the family in this country, settled in North- ampton, Massachusetts, in l(j5-l. He was from Northamp- tonshire, England. Don A. King, son of Henry King and Betsey Allen, was born in Ellisburg, Jefferson county, ]Mareh 27, 1820. His mother was a daughter of Joseph Allen, Esq., the first set- tler on " Pierrepont Manor." His father, Henry King, emi- grated from Southampton, Massachusetts, in the year 1806. The subject of this sketch early manifested a desire for a thorough education, and after pursuing a preparatory course of instruction entered Union college, and graduated with honor in 1844, in the class with Prof. Joy, of Columbia college. Governor Alex. H. Rice, William H. H. Moore, James C. Duane, U.S.A., also Generals Frederick and How- ard Townsend, of Albany. His affable manner and studious habits rendered him es- teemed among his associates, and he was elected a member of the " Phi Beta Kappa" society. At the close of his collegiate course he chose the profession of the law, and commenced his studies with a Mr. Blake, at Cold Spring, opposite West Point, and completed them with Hon. A. Z. MoCarty, in 1847, and on the 22d day of September in that year was admitted to the bar in the city of Poughkeepsie. In 1848 he united in marriage with Mary Baker, daughter of Thomas C. Baker, of Pulaski. Their family consists of four children, viz., Ella M., wife of the Rev. J. H. Wright, of Davenport, Delaware county, New York; Katharine D.; Charles B. ; and Sarah Frances. Charles B. is a graduate of Union college, and is practicing law with his father in Pulaski. In 1848 he formed a copartnership in the practice of law with Mr. McCarty, which existed until 1855. In 1855 he was appointed a director of the Pulaski bank, and officiated in that capacity until its dissolution. Upon the organization of R. L. Ingersoll & Co.'s bank he became a partner, and was attorney for the bank until 1876. While he has been actively engaged in the arduous duties of his profession, he has bestowed much time and attention upon educational matters, and was one of the incorporators of the Pulaski academy, and has done much towards con- tributing to its present prosperity. ]Mr. King has never sought for political distinction, and although a life-long Democrat, one of the leading members of his party in the county, and a vigorous exponent of its principles, he has labored rather for that distinction at the bar which comes from years of earnest application, and justly merits the reputation of ranking among the best lawyers in this portion of the State. His affable and cour- teous manner, sound learning, good judgment, and candor have won for him in a remarkable degree the esteem and confidence of his filluw-cilizens. 222 HISTOUV or OSW'KCO COUNTY, NEW VOUK. WILLIAM Amonjr the prominent pioneers of Redfield townsliip were Eli and Charliilte (WcBt) Strong, parents of the subject of this sketch, who came from Connecticut about the 3'eiir 1790. After rcniainin}: near!)' a (|uarter of a century in Redfield thev removed to the town of Orwell, and it was here that William was born, on the 12th of February, 1814. There were five children in tlie family, of which lie was the fourth. He res^ided with his father until he was twenty-one years old, when he purchased his father's farm, upon which he remained for thirty years. In 1844 he married Miss Chloe West, from Lee, Oneida county, New York, daughter of Ira and Lucy West, by whom he ]iad one child, Sarah, the wife of Orla Allen, Esq., of Pulaski. His father was postmaster of Orwell for twenty-four STUONli. years, and was a prominent man in his township gener- ally. In 1SG7 father and son removed to Pulaski, where his father died at the good old age of eighty-si.x ye:irs. He was an influential member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Orwell, which he assisted to erect. William .Strong re- ceived a good common-school education ; and lias since devoted his time to farming and the dairy business, and has been quite successful in both branches. Politically, he is a Democrat, and has held various township oflice.s, among others that of supervisor. Socially, he is a quiet, una.ssuming man, respected by the people of the community in which he resides. In character he is honest and upright, faithful in the discharge of every duty, and hajipy in his domestic relations. In fine, he is a good neighbor, a firm friend, and a worthy citizen. .\.\.^i;i, nnowN. Box &. BcTT's Block, jcffcrson st, PULASKI, s.r '^: ,.j!^ CaP^ ll^A DOANE. I^FjS.lffA DoANC- jW/fS./f^A Doanb:,(d£ceased.j :#■* Res of Cap^ IRA DOANEJorth St.. FffONTiNG-NomH PAffx PULASKI, N. Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 22:j MILITARY RECORD OF RICHLAND. Elis J. Alpxandcr, ciilM in Co. B, llfltli N. Y. V.. Aug. 17, t8r.2; wounded at Port Hudson ; died July 2, ISG.'J. Robert Baird, enl'd in Co. B, 1 1 Otli N. Y. V., Aug. 6, 1862 ; battles at Port Hudson, Camp Bisland, and others; served three years; wust'rl out with regiment August 28, 1865. W. W. Alexander, enlisted in the IS4th Now YorI< Vols.. Sqit. .5, 1.861. S. .James Abiiott. enlisted in Co. C. 147tii New York V(jlunteers. Henry Abbott, enlisted in the gun-boat, Cliarlcston Harbor. John F. l!o.\, 2d licut, Co. A, 147th N. Y. V., enl'd Aug. 25, 1862; promoted 2d lieut. Jan. 5, 186.3; battle of Chaneellorsvillc; wounded at Gettysburg in left shoulder; arm amputated; dis- charged October 5, 1863. George W. Box, private, Co. C, 147th N. Y. V, ; enlisted .\ugust 12, 1862; died in service September 23, 1863. David E. Bancroft, priv., Co. B, Uflth N. Y. V. ; enl'd Aug. 5, 1862 ; battles of Camp Bisland and Port Huilson ; served three years ; mustered out with regiment. Joseph W. Burr, priv., Co. C, 147th N. Y. V.; enl'd Aug. 21, 1862; battle of Chancellorsville ; killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Aaron N. Burr, priv., Co. C, UTth N. Y. V. ; enl'd Aug. 21, 1862; battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Laurel Hill; wounded in left hand ; mustered out May 12, 186.5, Elisha Burr, Jr., ])rivate, Co. C, 147th N. Y. V. ; enlisted August 21, 1862 ; teamster two years. Frank Baker, sergt., 37th N. Y. Inf.; enl'd Apr., 1862; in battle at Yorktown ; pro. to sergt. ; lionorably discharged. Lawrence Burns, priv., Co. B, 110th N. Y. V.; enl'd Aug, 6, 1862; in battles of Camp Bisland, Franklin, Port Hudson ; pro. to sergt. March 14, 1864; mustered out with regiment Aug. 28, 1865. Elisha D. Beardsley, priv., Co. B, 110th N. Y. V. ; enl'd Aug. 1, 1862. Frank M. Bently, priv., Co. B, llUth N. Y. V.; enl'd Aug. 6, 1862; battles of Franklin, Camp Bisland, Vermillion, and Port Hud- son ; mustered out with regiment Aug. 28, 1865. Lyman Brown, priv., Co. B, llOth N. Y. V. ; cul'd Aug. 1, 1862; mustered out August 28, 1865. Albert M. Beeman, priv.' 24th N. Y. V, ; enl'd M.ay, 1861 ; re-enl'd in Co. E, 18yth; appointed captain by county war committee. John E. Bently, priv., Co. E, ISDth N, Y, V.; enl'd Aug. 25, 1864. Emirell Bellhamer, substitute, enlisted September 17, 1864. Walter Buell, substitute, enlisted December 19, 1864. Eugene Bishop, private, Co. A, 1st Artillery. George Brown, private, 81st New York Vols,; enlisted Mar. 30, 1864. Winthrop D. Blair, priv., Co. I, 193d N. Y. V.; enl'd Apr. 6, 1865. J. Bradley Butler, lieut., Eng. Corps; killed on duty, June 21, 1863. Lewis Byron, priv., Co. A, I47th N. Y. V.; wounded .at Gettysburg. Gothup Barup, private, Co. E, 147th New York Volunteers. John Buck. Lester Bushuell, priv., Co. D, 20th.Cav. ; enlisted Aug. 19, 1863. II. George Barlow, enlisted December 21, 1864. John Burthen, priv., Co. K, 14th Heavy Artillery ; enlisted 1863. W. Jeff. Brockway, priv., Co. K, 81st N. Y. V.; enl'd Deo. 8, 1865. George Brown, 81st N. Y. V. ; enlisted December 30, 1863. Milton Brooks, priv., Co. E, lS9th N. Y. V'; enl'd Aug. 27, 1864. Daniel 11. Barnard, priv., Co. E, UUth N. Y. V.; enl'd Aug. 9, 1862; battle of Port Hudson ; pro. to sergt. .\pr., 1863 ; served three years; mustered out with regiment August 28, 1865. Freeman H. Cross, priv., Co. C, 147th N. Y. V.; eul'd Ang. 9, 1862 served three years ; mustered out with the regiment. WillicCobb, priv., Co. G, 184th N. Y. V.; enlisted Aug. 311, 1864 served ten months; mustered out with regiment. Royal D. Calkins, priv,, Co. E, 184th N. Y. V. ; enl'd Aug. 25, 1864 served one year ; mustered out with regiment. Lucius B. Cole, priv., Co. G, 184th N. Y. V.; enl'd Aug. 26, 1 864 served one year ; niustereoane, Co. B, 110th Regiment. Monroe A. Doane, Co. C, 147th Regiment. Charles Damon. Enlisted August, 1863, in the Invalid Corps. George W. Deane. Enlisted August30, 1864. Archibald Decory, priv., Co. C, 147th Regiiuent. Enlisted Aug., 1863. Cyrus Emery, Co. B, 110th Regiment. Alonzo Erskine, Co. B, 110th Regiment. Ralph Egglestun, Co. C, 147th Regiment. A. A. Fellows, capt., Co. B, llOth Regt. Enlisted Aug. 12, 1861, in the 39th 111. Vols. ; iu battles of Hancock and Winchester, Va. ; taken prisoner at Winchester; fifty-two days in Libby prison; dis. at Washington, May 22, 1862 ; while in the 110th was in battle of Catnp Bisland and sieges of Port Hudson, Fort Myers, and Natural Bridge, in Florida. James G. Fellows, priv., Co. B, 110th Regt. In battles of Camp Bisland, Port Hudson, and others; mustered out July 11, 1865. Francis Filkins, priv., Co. G, 184th. Enlisted August 20, 1864. Delos Filkins, priv., Co. F, 1st Artillery. Enlisted Feb. 24, 1884. Peter Foruer, priv., 81st Regiment. James F. Froney, priv., 184th. Enlisted August 26, 1864. John R. Fender, priv. Enlisted April 12, 1805. Anthony Ferry, priv. Enlisted .\ugu8t 30, 1864. Anthony Filkins, priv., Co. E, 14th U. S. Inf. Died June 1, 1863. John S. Foreman, sergt., Co. K, 148th Reg. Died June 16, 1864, of wounds received at Cold Harbor. Andrew Fish, Co. E, 147th Regiment. C. Fairchild, Co. B, 24th Regiment. Enlisted February 25, 1863. Peter Foner, Slst Regiment. Enlisted March 15, 1863. John A. Finlay, 16th Infantry. Enlisted February 12, 1863. William H. Gardner, priv., Co. E, I89th Regt. Enl'd Aug. 27, 1864. Charles Gotham. Enlisted December 19, 1864. Franklin Graham, priv., Co. C, 50th Regt. Enlisted Sept. 10, ISO I ; served three years in Engineer Corps; re-enlisted February 1, 1864 ; mustered out with regiment. George Gray, priv. Enlisted April 1,1865. Solon Greenwood, priv., 184th. Enlisted August 27, 1864. Wm, Goodrow, priv., 184th. Enlisted Augu.«t 29, 1804. Charles (iuernsey, priv., Co. C, 147th Regt. Killed June 4, 1861. at Cold Harbor. Ilczekiah Gilbert, priv., Co. A, lllth. Died June 11, 1865. Michael Guard, priv., 50th Engineers. Enlisted Feb. 13, 1863. David H. Holmes, priv., Co, B, 110th, Enl'.i Aug. 6, 1862; served three years; was in battles of Bisland, Pcu't Hudson, etc. Decader Harmon, mus., Co. K, 8Ist. Served three years; re-enlisted; mustered out with regiment August 30, 1865. Sylvanus Harris, sergt., Co. G, 2ah Regt. Enlisted Dec. 31, 18C3 ; was in battles of WiMei-ness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Pttershnrg, nrriTuli-, lS4lb Kcgimcnt. Enlisted Aug. 26, IStU. Nathan Iluliucii, private, lU3il Ucgiinent. Enlialed Ajiril 7, 186a. Aii«<.n ll"«g, private, Co. K, 81it Kcgimetit. (!e..ri;e M. iluven. priv., C". C, H7th Kegt. Died March 7, 1863. Degrosn llaiiiierr, priv., Co. C, 1 I7tb Kegt. Killed July 1, ise.t, at Oettyaburg. Eliai llaiiners, priv., Co. C, 147lh Rcgt. Died July 15, 18C3, of woundo received at (Jottysburg. Joseph Iliigar, priv., Co. K, Slst Kegt. Killed June 4, 1864, at Cold Harbor. John Howell, priv., Co. 0, 9l8t I'ennsylvania. Died April 1, 1862. Kelos I>. Holmes, priv., Co. 11, llUlh Uegt. Died M.ireb 1, 1864. Lorenzo W. Ilurlon, priv., Co. C, 147tb Kegt. Died Aug. 25, 1864, in rebel pri!>on. F.raslus U. Iloldridgc, priv., Co. C, 147lb Regt. Delnno D. Holli.°, private, Co. B, llUth Kegiuient. SylvanuB Holmes, Co. G, 24lh Cavalry. Thomas W. Henry, private. Enlisted August 27, 1864. Orson Ingersoll, priv., Co. ti, 184lh. Enlisted August 24, 1864. Isaue N. Ingersoll, priv., Co. E, 18«th. Enlisted August 26, 1.S64. Jesse A. Ingersoll, priv., Co. E, 14th I'. .S. Inf. Killed May 5, 1864, at Wiblerness. Franklin Ingersoll, priv., Co. E, 35th Wisconsin. Die.l Jan. 31, 1864. Eblridge W. Jones, priv., Co. U. 184lh Regt. Enl'd Aug. 24, 1864. A. D. W. Jones, sergt., Co. C, 147th Rcgt. Enlisted Aug. 21. 1862; in battles of Gettysburg, Mile Run, Hay Market, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Hatcher's Run, and others; wounded in tho groin at Spottsylvania. Charles H. Jones, priv., 81»t Regt. EnPd Sept. 4, 1 861 ; dis. May, 1863. Elbridge W. Jones, priv., 184tb Regt. Enlisted August, 1S64. Jnniett A. Jones, private, Co. U, 110th Regiment. Peter Kelly, private, Co. B, 110th Regiment. Enlisted Aug. 1, 1862. Thomas W. Kearney, private, 117tb Regt. Enlisted March 31, 1864. Snniuel J. Kcelcr, private, 184th Regt. Enlisted August 27, 1864. Samuel Keller, private, I'lh Heavy Artillery. Thus. Keruan, private, 14th Heavy Artillery. Henry H. I.yman, 1st lieut. and adjt., 147lh Rcgt. Enlisted Aug. 21, 1862; in battles of Gettysburg, CbanccUorsvillc, Wilderness ; captured Slay 5, 1864: released March 1, 1865; )>romoted to 2d lieut., Co. C, I'eb. 24, 1863 ; to let lieut., Co. C, Jan. 8, 1864 ; to alj't., Jan. 17. 1S61. Frank S. Loomis, sergt., Co. D, 6th Car. Enlisted Sept. 25, 1862; in batllcs.of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsvillc, second Bull Run, West Point, Pottaw's Bridge, Malvern Hill, and others. 0. I.nnipman, priv., Co. G, lH4lh Kegt. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1864. Joseph II. Lamb, priv., Co. I!, 1841h Rcgt. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1864. liOuis Lagerden, private. Enlisted Dec. 19, 1864; substitute. John Larkin, priv., Co. A, 9(h Artillery. Enlisted March 15, 1864. Charles 1). I.athrop, priv., 8l8t Regt. Enliste.i March .11, 1864. Lucius Lcfever, priv., 193d Regt. Enlisted April 6, 1865. Addison Leadley, priv., ISllh Regt. Enlisted April 13, 1865. Seymour li. Moudy, priv., Co. E, Kith Art. Enlisted Aug. 11, 1802. Henry H. Moody, Corp., Co. E, loth Art. Enl'd Aug. 8, 1862; in battle of Petersburg. Delano O. Moody, priv., Co. 0, ISIth Regt. Enlisted August, 1864. A. N. Maltby, Ist sergt., Co. U, 184lh Regt. Enlislol Aug. 22, 1864; promoted from 2d sergt. to orderly Nov. I, 1864. Clric Z. Mallby, priv., Co. O, 184th Kegt. Enlisted Aug. 2.3, 1804. Judah Maey. |>rir., Co. I, 193d Kegt. Enlisted March 8, 1865. Theodore .Macy, private, Co. I, 193d Rcgt. Enlisted March 8, 1865. Stephen Monroe, priv., Co. E, 148tb Regt. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1804. Oliver li. Mooncy, ])riv., Co. E, 189th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 24, 1804. Henry M. Mason, priv., Co. 0, 184lh Regt. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1804. George Moon, priv., Co. O, 184th Regt. Enlisted August 24, 1864. M'in. Mundigo, priv. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1803 ; a substitute. Wm. Munderbaeh, priv. Enlisted .Aug. IS, 1863; a substitute. Henry Martin, priv., Co. A, 9th Art. Enlisted March 15, 1804. Henry McGrain, priv., Co. B, 181st Regt. Enlisted March 15, 1864. Edivard McFic, priv., 18llh Kegt. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1864. Andrew .Mosber. priv., 181th Kegl. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864. Henry Milton, priv., 184lh Regt. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1S6I ; substitute. Adclbert A. Mason, priv., 184lh Kegt. Enlisted September 1, 1804. Avery Mundigo, priv., 184th Regt. Enlisted August, 1804. Charles H. McCarty, priv., Co. C, 147th Regt. Died May 4, 1863, at Chancellorsville, Merritt A. McChesncy, priv., Co. A, 147th Regt. Died Feb. 27, 1863, at Belle Plain, Virginia. James M. Maxon, priv., Co. K, 81st Regt. Died November 11, 1862. Jas. M. McChesney, priv., Co. A, 17th V. S. Inf. Died in rebel prison. George H. Morton, navy. Died. Wm. .Mcl.elluu, Jr., priv., Co. A, 2d Art. Killed June 17, 1864, at Petersburg. Henry Mellcn. Enlisted August 25, 1863 ; quartermaster. Stephen .Monroe. Enlisted August 29, 1864. John Nagle. private. In battles t»f Port Hudson, Donclsonvillc, Cautp Itislantl, Sabin Cross-Roads, etc. John Nieulson, priv., Co. C, 147th Regt. Enl'd Ang. 26, 1863. George Nieolson, i)riv., Co. A, Ist Art. Enlisted March, 1864 ; wounded on picket duty ; died near Washington. Albert L. Nelson, priv., Co. B, llOih Regt. Enlisted Aug. 6, 186.'; in battles of Port Hudson, Franklin, Cuuifi Bislaud, Sabin Crose- Roads, and others. Merritt Noyce, Co. 0, 189th Regiment. Enlisted August 26, 1864. F. M. Nilcs, priv., 37th Regt. Enlisted May 2, 1801; wounded at batile of Fair Oaks, Virginia; discharged. Porter M. Niles, navy. Enlisted .September 1, 1804. Clerlanil Newton, priv., 9lh Cavalry. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1804. Charles Oliver. Enlisted December 19, 1864 ; substitute. George Omens, priv., 9tb Cavalry. Enlisted January 4, 1864. D. D. Owen, priv., 184th Kegt. Enlisted Sept. 1, 1804; promoted to 1st lieut.; discharged with regiment. James T. Outterson, capt., 184th Kegt. Enlisted August, 1864. Chorles Prododeil, priv., Co. B, 110th Regt. Enl'd Aug. 7, 1862; trans, to 1st La. Cav. ; mustered out July 13, 1865. Dwight I>. Porter, priv., Co. E, 189th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1861 ; mustered out with regiment. David S. Princell. Enlisted December 19, 1864 : substitute. John Perry. Enlisted December 19, 1SG4; substitute. Lewis Pierce, priv., Co. A, 2d Art. Enlisted February 20. 1804. Leman Pierce, priv., Co. A, 2d Art. Enlisted February 20, 1864. Henry II. Phillips, ]>riv., Co. B. 8l3t Regt. Enlisted Mar. 28, 1864. Christmas Pill, jiriv., Co. I, 184th Regt. Enlisted August 8, 1864. W. A. Palnierton, priv., 2d Mich. Served three years ; honorably dis. Richard Phillips, i)riv., 184lh Regt. Enlisted August 27, 1864. Francis N. Potter, priv., Co. F, 1st N. Y. .\rt. Died May I, 1804. Luke Potter, priv., Co. C, 147th Regt. Died February 12, 1803. Charles Pellingal, priv., Co. E, 110th Regt. Died July 3, 1803. George W. Potter, private, Co. B, 110th Regiment. Willard Parker, 141b Heavy .Artillery. Richard Pratt, 14th Heavy .Artillery. W. H. Paddock, Co. K, Sth Cavalry. Wm. Pierce, 2d Heavy Artillerj'. Wm. Person, lOtb Infantry. Enlisted March 28, 1804. George Philbriek, private, Co. C, 147th Regiment. Edward Parker, 1st lieutenant, Co. C, 147lh Regiment. Chandler Pike, IClli Infantry. Enlisted February 27, 1802. Randolph Ralhl.un, priv., Co. E, 189th Kegt. Enl'd Aag. 27, 1S04 ; mustered out with regiment. Charles G. Russell, priv., Co. E, lS9th Rcgt. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1864. John K. Russell. Enlisted December 19, 1804; a substitute. John A. Robbins, priv., 9th Cavalry. Enlisted January 4, 1864. Wm. Robbins, priv., Co. C, 147lh RegU Died May 11, 1S03; Madi- son battle. John A. Robbins, priv., Co. C, 147th Rcgt. Died March 20, 1864. James H. Russell, priv., Co. E, 4th Minnesota Regt. Killed Oct. i, 1864, at Alluoua. Henry D. Rogers, serg., Co. B, 110th Regt. Died April 26, 1803. Richard Robbins, priv., Co. B, 110th Regt. Died October 7, 1863. Jesse Robbins. Enlisted August 10, 1863. James Robbins, Co. B, 147th Regiment. Hiram Russel, priv., Ist Light Artillery. James Reynolds, priv., Co. K, lloih Reg't. Enlisted Aug., 1863; mustered out with regiment. Thomas Salmon, priv., Co. H, 54th Inf. Enlisted Dec. 22, 1803 ; dia. for disability. Dexter Sampson, priv., Co. K, 81»t Regt. Enlisted Nov. 1, 1861 ; re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1804 ; in battles of Swift Creek, Pilot Hill, OSWEOO rALLS V/£W ON OSWEGO KIVER.NCAR FULJON,N.Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW Y'ORK. 225 Brury's BluflT, Cold Harbor, and others ; mustered out August 30, 180S. Silas H. Seymour, priv., Co. E, ISyth. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1863; in battles Five Forks, Dabney's Mills, etc. Irving Sherman, jiriv., Co. G, 184lh Rcgt. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1804; mustered out with regiment. Orgin Simpson. Enlisted Sept. 10, 1864; a substitute. Geo. Sherman. Enlisted December 19, 18G4 : a substitute. Kimball StockwcU. Enlisted December 19, 1864; asubstitute. Michael Stratton, priv., Co. A, 9th Art. Enlisted March 15, 1864. Charles B. Spencer, priv., 184th Regt. Enlisted August 27, 1864. D. M. Spencer, priv., 184th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864. Geo. L. Sampson, priv., 14Sth Regt. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1804. John Short, priv., 42d Pa. Regt. Enlisted July 29, 1864. Garret D. Sweet, priv., Co. 1, 193d Regt. April 7, 1865. Emery Sampson, priv., Co. B, 110th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 6, 1862; mustered out with regiment. James L. Smith, priv., 184th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1804. Reuben Salsbury, Corp., Bat. G, N. Y. Art. Killed Sept. 17, 1802, at Antietam. D. Aaron Spalsbury, priv., 94th. Killed Aug. 30, 1861, at Bull Run. Geo. W. Snow, priv., Co. A, 14th Brooklyn S. M. Died Jan. 20, 1862. Albert Stowell, priv., Co. C, 110th Regt. Died January 16, 1863. Erwin B. Sbedd, priv., Co. H, 1st N. Y. Art. Died March 12, 1865. James F. Salmon, navy. Died Feb. 25, 1864, on b'rd U. S. st. De Soto. Nahum Soules, Co. B, 110th Regiment. Joseph Stuljbs, 14th Heavy Artillery. Enlisted Dec. 21, 1863. Oren Stewart, priv., Co. C, 147th Regiment. Uudson Spalding, priv., 94th Regiment. Enlisted Jan., 1802 ; hon- orably discharged after three years' service. Robt. Sherman, priv., 184th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864. Ralph Sherman, Co. B, 110th Regiment. Thaddeus W. Tyler, priv., Co. E, 184th Regt. Enl'd Aug. 24, 1864 ; mustered out with regiment. Marshall Thompson, priv., 184(h Regt. Enlisted August 25, 1864. William Thompson, Co. C, 147th Regiment. Lafayette Taylor, private. Deserted. Henry Thomas, Co. K, 81st Regiment. Luke Tryon, let Artillery. John S. Wilcox, priv., Co. E, 189th. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864; in bat- tles Hatcher's Run, Gravel Run, Five Forks ; served nine months ; honorably discharged. John M. Williams, priv. Enlisted May 10, 1801 ; in battles of Pitts- burg Landing, Stone River, Chickamauga ; mustered out .Tune, 1864 ; re-enlisted ; mustered out with regiment. Wm. Webb, priv., Co. B, 110th Regt. Enlisted Aug., 1862; in battle of Camp Bisland ; mustered out Apr. 18, 1864. Wm. H. Watkins, priv., Co. B, 110th Regt. Enlisted Aug., 1862; served three years; mustered out with regiment. Charles N. Walworth, priv., Co. B, 110th Regiment. Enlisted Aug., 1802; discharged for phys. disability March 8, 1864. John Wilson, priv., Co. B, 110th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 2, 1862; in battles of Port Hudson, Camp Bisland; served 3 yrs ; hon. dis. Adelbert Warner, priv., Co. E, 189th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864; mustered out with regt. Wm. Walworth, priv., Co. E, 189th Regt. Mustered out with regt. B. M. Woodruff, priv., Co. E, 189th Rcgt. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Sylvanus Wolcott, priv., Co. E, 184th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1864 ; mustered out with regiment. Allen B. Wesoott, priv., Co. E, 189th Regt. Enlisted Aug., 1864. John Williams. Enlisted Dec. 19, 1864; a s\ibstitute. Hiram Willard. Enlisted Dec. 19, 1864; a substitute. Lewis Wood, priv., Co. A, 2d Art. Enlisted March 7, 1864. David J. White, priv., 147th Regt. Enlisted March, 1864. Alpheus West, priv., 184th. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1864. Wm. Williams, priv., 184th Rcgt. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1864. Simon P. Winon, priv., 184th Regt. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1864. Frank D. Weaver, priv., 193d Regt. Enlisted April 11, 1805. Samuel Wood, priv., 184th Rcgt. Enlisted August 30, 1864. Robert Wells, priv.. Cavalry. Died April 11, 1865. Martin A. Wilco.\, priv., Co. H, 161h Wis. Died Sept. 10, 1864. Edward AVhite, priv., Co. B, 105th Regt. Killed Aug. 30, 1801, at Bull Run. Wm. C. Weed, jiriv., Co. B, UOth Regt. Died April 21, 1803. Burton White, priv., Co. E, 147th Rcgt. Died May 20, 1863. John Wolcott, priv., 14th Heavy Artillery. Brown M. Woodworth, priv., 189th Regiment. ■ i> > I i)Oi I ^^0 HzoisT. AAriXjij^i?.iD cronisrsoiiT. The subject of this sketch is of New Enghind parentage, his fiither, Lovwoll Johuson, having been a native of the State of ftLissachiisetts. He was born in the town of Vohiey, Oswego County, on the 16th day of May, 1820. He attended common school at an early age, and subsequently was a student at Mexico Academy, Oswego County, and concluded his studies at Caze- novia Seminary at the age of fifteen years. In the year 1852 he engaged in the lake and canal transporta- tion business, residing at Fulton, New York, and continued it for about twelve years. Afterward he became a contractor, and completed several important works for the State and national governments, among which may be mentioned the improvement of the Mississippi River at Rock Island, and the construction of a lock in the Illinois River, which is probably the largest in the world, being three hundred and fifty feet long, seventy-five feet wide, and thirty feet high, and capable of accommodating twelve ordinary canal boats at once. He has successfully completed contracts which amount in the aggregate to fully five million of dollars. INIr. Johnson has always been a Democrat of the old school, and for many years he has been prominent in the councils of that party. During the rebellion he was classed as a War Democrat, and gave his infliience and means freely to tlie cause of the Union. In 18G2 he was elected to the Assembly without opposition, and co-operated heartily in all measures designed to sustain the national government in the contest which it was then waging against armed treason. Subsequently he served two years on the War Committee of Oswego County. He was also a member of the Board of Supervisors in tlie years 18G1 and 18G2. In 18C0 he was a delegate to the memorable Charleston Convention, and was afterward also a delegate to the National Democratic Con- vention at Chicago, in 18G1, in New York in 18(38, and in Balti- more in 1872. During the five war years he was a member of the State Committee. It will thus be seen that Jlr. Johnson's political experience is extensive and varied, and there arc really few men in central New York whose counsel is held in greater estimation. He still holds to the political creed of his earlier years, and is very popular among the Democrats of Oswego, and indeed among men of both parties. jMr. Johnson is a man of modest, unassuming deportment, and seldom ever addresses the house, believing in action rather than words. He was successively elected a member of the State Legislature for the Second District of Oswego County for the years 1873, 1874, and 1875. His large experience, ripe judgment, and active mind are of great value in the j)ractical work of legislation, and his seat is seldom unoceujjied during the session. He was married September 9, 1817, at the age of twenty- seven, to Miss Mary Ga.sper, daughter of Colonel John Gasper, of New England parentage. To Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were born four children, viz. : Willard Rawson, Mary Paulino, John Lovwell, and Mary Augusta Johnson. Of these, the oldest son lived to the age of fourteen years, and died March 29, 18(!4 ; the eldest daughter only lived throe years, and died December 6, 1855 ; the second son, John Lovwell, and the youngest daugliter, Miss Mary Augusta, live at home, in Fulton, New York. Mrs. Johnson died November 22, 1870. HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 227 Abram Van Valkenburgh was elected a constable of Mexico in 1798, and appointed a justice of the peace for Fredericks- burgh in 1810. After years of valuable service ho died at Salina. The third settler of the town was John Van Buren (a cousin of President Van Buren), vvlio came from Kinder- hook, and settled near Battle island in 1796. lie at first located on the west side of the falls, but soon after came to this side, and built a house near where his grandson Vol- kert now resides. Mr. Van Buren had five sons, viz., Peter, John, Jr., Jacob, Volkert, and David. The youngest, David, was born in this town in 1798, is still living, and is now the oldest resident. Peter was lialf-brother of the otliers, and was the fiither of John Van Buren, who lives near Bundy's Crossing. He held office before this town was formed, being a constable for Mexico in 1803-4. Jacob, the third son, married a daughter of Whitman Church, who came into town in 1809. Miss Church used to relate, in illustration of the difficulties attending the pur- suit of pleasure in the early days, that the first dance she ever attended was at Van Valkenburgh's, when the dancing music was no more nor less than the melodious voice of a colored woman, a servant of a neighbor named Peter Sharp. Volkert, the fourth son, lived near the old homestead, and many yeare ago owned a large tract of land, the grist- mill at Battle island, and a saw-mill on Black creek, near by. David, the youngest son, was born in the fall of 1798, as before stated. His first going to school was at the foot of Seneca hill, the teacher being Benjamin Robin.son, who began his labors there as early as 180-t. Young David afterwards went to school one summer in Van Valken- burgh's barn. A school-house was built a quarter of a mile south of " Orchard Lock" in 1810. Mr. Robinson was the teacher in both places, and in 1812 taught on the other side of the river. ' The fourth settler, John Waterhouse, located at the "Lower Landing'" in 1797, and died in 1799, his being the first death in town. His children were Nathaniel, John, Jr , Benjamin B., Artemisia, and Harriet. The eldest sun died in ISOO, and the other two moved to Indiana in 1837. In 1851, B. B. Waterhouse visited his old home, and related that in 1797 there was no house nor clearing on either side of the river between the falls and Three Rivers point. At this time there was a road or path from Van Valken- burgh's to the falls on the east side. It was a very poor one, as may well be supposed. The fifth settler, Ebenezer Wright (before mentioned as surveyor), located at the '• Lower Landing" in 1800, and was a prominent man of that period. He was appointed a justice of the peace for Mexico in 1 804, and for Fredericks- burgh in 1809, aud was the first and only supervisor of the latter town while it retained its first name, as will be shown hereaftur. When the town was changed to Volney, in 181 1, he was elected assessor at the first town-meeting. After this he moved to the west, and died there. Besides the settlers already named a man by the name of Darley located near the falls, and one John Hooper made his home in the vicinity prior to 1800. During this year a man by the name of Eaton, a native of Scotland, came hither in company with John Bakeman, and these two were the first to occupy Steen's location, their hut being near the corner of First and Oneida streets, in the present village of Fulton. They opened a quarry in the bank of the river for the purpose of getting out furnace hearths, but the quality of the rock not being well adapted for the purpose, they opened another quarry on Harper's location, which proved satisfoctory. Underwood & Bronson built a saw-mill the same year (1800) at the falls for Masters & Goodell, which was the first in this locality. In 1801 a blacksmith lived at the Lower Landing, by the name of John Masters, who afterwards moved to 0.swego. Cornelius H. Miller came to Oswego Falls in 1806, and settled on Steen's location, which is the north part of the present village of Fulton. He subsequently moved to the west side of the river, just north of the outlet of Lake Nea- tahwanta. The first grist-mill in the vicinity was built at the falls in 1808, by Joshua Forman, and was owned by the State. It had only one run of stone, and would probably grind the grain but little faster than a man would with a mortar and pestle. As late as 1817 it was the only one in all this region. Dr. Bissell and Noah A. Whitney came to the falls in 1807, and took charge of the mill. The former was the first physician in town, and was succeeded by Dr. Anson Fay in 1810. Mr. W'hitney was a very prominent man, and held many important offices. He was appointed justice of the peace for Fredericksburgh in 1809, being one of the first three in that town. The first was Samuel Tiffany, appointed in 1808, who lived at the foot of Seneca hill, north, and the second was Ebenezer Wright, appointed in 1809. Mr. Whitney was the first postmaster in town, having been appointed as such at Oswego Falls, in the autumn of 1810. His first return to the post-office department, made January 1, 1811, was for the snug sum of eighty cents. Mr. Whitney was succeeded in the office, April 1, 1815, by James Lyon, who held it until February 14, 1829, when it was discontinued, being crowded out, as it were, by the Fulton post-office, which was established May 29, 1826, Lewis Falley as postmaster. The circumstances were as follows : In the early days the Upper Landing and Lower Landing were the only places of business in the vicinity. After a time buildings were erected and business was carried on be- tween the two landings, until in 1826 there was more of a village there than at either of the other two points. The whole locality, including both landings and both sides of the river, was called Oswego Falls. Mr. Lyon was post- master of Oswego Falls, his office being at the upper land- ing. The village people thought it ought to be kept where the most people were, and besought Mr. L. to remove it thither. This he refused to do. Then they petitioned for the establishment of another post-office, aud their request was granted by the government, the name of " Fulton" being given to the new office, in honor of the illustrious inventor of the steamboat. Of course the greater part of the business went to the village office. Mr. Lyon, .seeing 228 IITSTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. loo lute how llie affiiir was likely to turn out, removed his Oswego Falls (ifBcc to the village, locating it directly across the street from the other. But after a while he gave up the contest, the Oswego Fulls office was discontinued, and the name of Fulton was thenceforth bonie by the village, which was, in time, to incluile both the uj>per and lower landings. If Mr. L. had moved his office before the new one wa.s established, doubtlei'S the locality on the east side of the river would have been known as Oswego Falls to this day. We will !-ay further in regard to Mr. Lynn, that he came to the falls in 1813, and was interested with Mr. Forinan in the reservation, and in the tract on Harper's location. He also took charge of the mills, and entered into the for- warding business as a competitor of Brackett. He opened a .store soon after his arrival, was in trade for a number of years, and finally moved to Oswego.' Ichabod Brackett came to Oswego Falls in 1809, and Imilt a frame hou.se and barn on the knoll east of the resi- dence of the late C. G. Case. He entered into the forward- ing business, and had a shed for a warehouse, at the foot of Yelverton island. In 1S13 he built a good warehouse, and carried on the forwarding business for many years. Other persons who came to the Upper Landing before 1812 were John Hol- listcr, John Eno, Samuel Hyde, Joseph Easton, James Ea.ston, Alex. Campbell, Noah Rust, and Amos Foster. Mr. Jo.seph Easton was quite prominent as an office- holder, having been town clerk in 1S15. supervisor in 1817, and appointed a justice of the peace in 1815, '20, and '22, and elected in 1827 and '31. He was appointed a.ssociate judge of the common pleas in 1822, and again in 1828. He was from Pittsfield, Ma.s.saehusetts, and came into town in 1810. He built the little frame house, just east of the Lewis house, very early, and died there in 1832. Mr. Host wa.s the father of Richard, now living in Ful- ton, and settled in 1811, about where De Graw's new brick mansion now stands. Mr. Foster settled in 1810, near W. S. Nelson's present residence. We will now drop down to the Lower Landing and see who came there from 1800 to 1812. Samuel Holland, Is;iac Crocker, and Jeremiah Taylor settled there as early as 1810. The two former were in the mercantile business there in 1811. Mr. Taylor kept a small .store about the .same time. The firm of Crocker k, Holland was afterwards changed to Holland & Falley. A young man by the name of Norman Hubbard w:is a clerk for both firms, — a promising young gentleman, who died in early life. Daniel Falley settled at this place in ISl.'i. He was the father of Jjcwis and Geo. F., men who acted prominent parts in the history of the town. Mr. Falley at one time owned a good share of the present village of Fulton, and was the first class-leader of the Methodist Epi.scopal church there in 1813. Peter Sharpe, one of the earliest pioneers of Oswego, located near Van Buren's about 1800. Peter Althouse settled near Orchard Lock in 1808. He was the father of a large family, among whom were Andrew, now living near the old homestead, and Peter, who resides in Granby. The former went t; entry : " I certify that Bell, a neirro woman, a slave belon^xing to me, had a male child on the 27th ilay of July liLSt, whose name is Richard, or Dick. (Si-rned) -J.v.mks Lyon. " Vor.XKV,26lh February, 1SI7." The followinjr note to the above Wits also ]ilaeed on the records by Jo.seph Kastoii, town clerk : •' In order to save himself from incurring a penalty it became neces.sary for Mr. Lyon to have the above certificate recorded. An act for the gradual abolition of slavery was pa.s,sed by the legislature of this State in March, 1 799. Male children born after the act to be free at the age of tweuty- eighi years, and females at the age of twenty-five. In April, 1S18, that act was modified, declaring such persons no longer slaves but servants of the owner of the mother, — the relation to be the .same as if such child had been bound by the overseer of the poor. It w;is jirovided by the twenty- second section of the same act that the person entitled to such service incurred a penalty of five dollars if he failed to furnish the city or town clerk with a certificate of the ' name, age, and sex of such child_ within nine months after its birth." Fetcr Sharpe had one of these slaves, who furnished the music for the dance at V^m Valkeiiburgh's, as before nar- rated. The major's bou.se was the " liead((uarters," pre- vious to 1810, of all the country round about, whither the jicople came for dances, picnics, jollifications, and every- thing else c)f that sort, — the colored .servants furnisliing the music when nothing better could be obtained. The first town-meeting of Frederick.sbnrgh was held at the house of Major A'an Valkenburgb, at the •' Orchard Lock," in the s]>ring of 1807, and the following town officers were elected : Su])ervisor, Ebenezer Wright ; Town Clerk, Samuel Tiffany; Assessors, Gideon Seymour, Henry Everts, and Hiel Stone ; Overseers of the Poor, Lawrence \ an Valkenburgb and Asahel Bush ; Commi.ssioners of Highways, Abnim Van Valkenburgb, John Tyler, and Hiel Stone; Collector, Abram Van Valkenburgb; Consta- bles, Abram Van Valkenburgb and Jo.sejih F. Sweet ; Fence-viewers. Lawrence Van Valkenburgb, A.sahel Bush, John Tyler, William Burt, Joseph F. Sweet, and Elisha Whitney ; Pound-masters, I^awrence Van Valkenburgb and John Tyler. Tiffany, Everts, Stone, Bush, Tyler, Sweet, Burt, and Whitney lived in the pre-sent town of Scriba, — the others resided in what is now Volney. Ebenezcr Wright was re-elected in 1808-11, being the sole supervisor of Frederick.sburgh. The town clerks of Frcderieksburgh were Samuel Tif- fany, 1K(I7-arly teachers here is Mary Ann Sikes, who taught in the first frame school-house in 1835. The school districts in town, including Fulton, have increased from two in 1811, to seventeen in 1876. DOCTORS. The first in town, outside of Fulton, were Drs. Cowan and Payne, at Volney Centre. They were succeeded by Dr. Ransom Howard, who was followed by I)r. .'Stephen Pardee, in 1831. Dr. Pardee went to Fulton in 1851. The next was Reuben C. Baldwin, who has practiced there since 1851. Dr. Bradley was there a short time, about 1830. Dr. Rice, now of Haiuiibal, about 1851, fwr a short space. THE FIRST CONOREOATIONAL CUtTRCH OF VOLNEY was formed in June, 1812, being the fifth church in age in the county. The original members were Gideon Candee, John Kendall, Manda Kendall, Jos. Morgan, Eunice Mor- gan, Enoch Bristol, Sarah Bristol, William Dean, and Anna Dean. The first deacons were Gideswego river ; thence along the centre of said river to the place of begin- ning." The boundaries have subse(|ucntly been enlarged at several diffrrent times. Aaron ("J. Fish was the first president of the village, and J. II. Woodiii is the present president. The fdlliiwing i(in.stilutc the present board of tru.stees : W. S. Nelson, Willaid Curtis, Hugh McKernun, M. F. Crahan, Myron Havens, and Prentice Younians. KARLY SCHOOLS. The {lionecrs of Fulton not only manifested a praise- worthy interest in religious matters, but the subject of edu- cation early claimed their attention, and in ISOO the first sclniul was taught by Artemisia Waterhouse, — subse(|uently Mrs. Brackett, — at what was then called the Lower Land- ing. A Mr. McDonald and Ebenezer Wright were early teachers on the " peninsula." In 1808, Asahel Bush, residing at Seneca Hill, employed Benjamin Kobin.son, of Onondaga county, to teach the school at a salary of sixteen dollars per month. He opened a scIkmiI in that neighborhood and continued it one year anil ibn^c uioiitbs. Among bis patrons are mentioned the names of Samuel Tiffany, the two Sharps, and Elisha Bundy, Sr. This primitive pedagogue ne.\t taught in a barn at Major Van Valkcnburgh's.on the peninsula, in 1810. Majiir Van Valkenburgb was much interested in educa- tional matters, and after the erection of the school-lnmse, which was mainly due to his individual efforts, Mr. Robin- son taught in the building about three 3'ears, and numbered among bis scholars John Volkert, Jacob and David Van Buren, Andrew, Betse}', Lydia, and Nicholas Altbouse. In 1811 a school-house was erected on Steen's location, which stood on the corner of First and Rochester streets, and was designed to accommodate the entire settlement ; the district was, however, subse(piently divided, each land- ing constituting a separate district. A Mr. Brockway taught a .■select school at the Upper Landing in 1828. The ]>rincijial patrons of the school were Juincs Lyon, I. Brackett, Van Dorn, and Jonathan Case. Among the pupils of that .school are mentioned the names of Charles G. Case, Edward Lyon, and Ann Ca.se, subsei|ucntly the wife of Dr. Jjce. In 1830 a select school wjis opened here by Daniel McEwen. It was very prosperous, and among its scholars were William 1'. Curtiss, Henry Kendall, Josiah Arnold, James F. Hubbard, Henry C. Moody, R. K. Sanford, Memory Case, S. F. Case, J. W. Pratt, Phebe Pratt, S. A. French, Cornelia K. Case, Elizabelli Hubbard, Sarah Wator- hou.se, Klizabelb Wright, 1). A. Curtiss, Cliarldtle Saunnons, Colic Thomikson, Thomas Mitchell, and .\oii .NlcEwen. In 1830 and 1831. Miss Gardner taught the district school at the Upper landing, and in 1831 she kept a select school, and in l,s:!3 ojiened a school on the corner of Oneida and Third streets. She is remembered as a lady of fine at- tainments. She subse<|Uently went as a mis-siouary to India, where she died. K.\I.I.KV SEMINARY. This institution was eommenecd in 1834 by Rev. Joliii Eastman, M.A., then ]>a.stor iif the Presbyterian ehunh of Fulton, and in 1831! was incorporated as the Fulton female seminary. The first trustees were John Eastman, A. G. Fish, Thomas R. Braylon, Jnbn E. Duttoii, George Salmon, M. Lindley Lee, Israel P. Knox, Chauncj- Belts, Henry Westfall, Henry Pearson, Samuel Merry, and Lemuel Dada. The regents of the University of the State of New York have supervised and bestowed upon it a share of the litera- ture fund since 1839. To promote the education of both sexes, its corporate title was changed Ajiril 11, 1842, to "The Fulton Acad- emy;" and, to extend still further its usefulness, was altered, April 11, 1849, to "The Falley Seminary of the Black River Conference." As the Hon. George F. Falley, deceased in June, 1847, had been its munificent patron fn)m its incorporation, and as bis widow. Mrs. Mebetable E. Falley, had donated four thousand dollars towards the erection of its large brick edifice, in 1849-50, the trustees desired it to perpetuate the name of tlie,se dnnors. The lot u|)on which the building was erected was the gift (if Culonel James L. Voorhees. In the year 18(59 the Rev. James Gilmour became the priiiei]ial of the school. Since that time he has been at its head, assisted by a corps of experienced teachers and pro- fessors. The present faculty is as follows : Rev. James Gilmour, A.M., principal ; Miss Julia Dimbleday, pieceptrcss ; Pro- fessor A. E. Chapman, teacher of cla.ssics ; Miss Jennie Palmentier, teacher of piaim ; Miss E. V. Gilmour, teacher of organ and (liaiio. The school still maintains its high character as a first- class educational institution, and furnishes a good home and tliiircmgh instruction to young ladies and gentlemen. TllK PRflSENT SCHOOLS. The village of Fultrt, caiuc to this villajre in lS5r).and lias since been actively enpi^ed iu advancing the niat<:-rial interests of Fulton, and is entitled to much credit for his indcfatifrable effort-s in aiding all mejisurcs desigiuil to benefit the milling interests. Taylor Ruothers & Co., manufacturers of planing and moulding knives, paper-mill engines, etc. — This enter- prise was started in 18GI, by W. K. Taylor, F. S. Taylor, and J. G. IJenediet, and was continued by them until 18(57, when Mr. F. 8. Taylor di.-ipo.S4.'d of his interest to the other members of the finn. It was managed by this firm until 1872, when Mr. II. L. Taylor became a.ssociated with them, and the business is now conducted by W. E. Taylor, J. G. Benedict, and H. L. Taylor. The establishment em- ploys ten men, and the annual product of manufactured goods amounts to nearly thirty thousand dollars. Fulton Foundry and Maciiine-Shop, Frank Dilts, proprietor. — This foundry was established in 18G7 by Mr. Dilts, and the machine-shop by Jamts Mel)onough. In 1870 the entire establishment came into the possession of the present proprietor. The value of the annual product ranges from ten to twenty thousand dollars. Kni|)liiys from seven to twenty men. Manufactures turbine-wheels, paper- mill engines, etc. Ross' Foundry .vnh .MArmNE-Siioi'. — This establish- ment was foumled in ISti!!, by John Iv Diitton, E. C. Cummings, R. K. Sanford, Sidney M. Smith, and J. G. Benedict. It was continued by this firm one year, when John E. Dulton disposed of his interest to Messrs. Sanford & Benedict. In 18G5 a further change was made, when Cummings & Benedict sold their shares to Mr. Sanfoid and W. R. Wa.sson, and the business was then conducted under the firm-name of Sanford & Was-son until 1868, when it was organized as a .stock company, with a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand doll; rs, under the name of the " Fulton .Maiiuraeliiring Company," E. P. Ross, president, W. C. Ruger, secretary, and R. K. Sanford, su- j)erinteiident. Mr. Sanford was soon after succeeded by William Wa-woiL The entire estal)lishm 'tit subsefpiently passed into the hands of E. P. Ross, and is now owned by him, and the business is conducted by E. W. Ross & Co. The business was started for tlie purpose of manufacturing the " Cummings Straw-Cutter," agricultural iniplenienis, etc. This is u large establishment, and is furnished with excellent roachincrj. 1'lanis(!-Mill, James F. Ilerrick, proprietor. — This buililing was erected in 1870, and occupied as a machine- sliop until 1870, when it was changed to a planing-mill and bedstead-factory, and operated by A. T. & J. H. Loomis. It was conducted by them until alxiut 1875, when it went into the possession of L. Loomis, and is now owned by his estate. The mill is furni.shed with good machinery, and has a cjijiaeity lor jilaning twenty thousand feet of lumber per day. M.\s()N & Co.mpany's I'LANiNd-MiLL. — Mr. Mason .started a tub- and pailfactory in this village in about the year 1867. In 1S71 it w:ls destroyed by fire, and he then erected the present planing-mill, and in 1875 furnished it with tub and pail machinery. Paper-Mill. — This mill was erected in 1850 by Mon- rf>e & Ca.se. It subs«-(|uently came into the pti.swssion of R. H. Bullis, then Bcyam & Rullis, and when the fire occurred in 1871 it was owned by Beyau & Waugh. The mill was rebuilt by Mr. Van Alstync, and afterwards a portion ](a.ssed into the possession of Mr. Reed. It is now owned by Waugh & Hammond. In addition to the above there is a carriage-manufactory owned by R. II. Harris & Sou ; a carding-mill oiHjrated by <). J. Thayer; a siiw-mill owned by E. P. Ross; and two plaster-mills, one erected in 1850, now owned by E. P. Ross, and the other in 1865, and owned by Gage, Garlock &Co. THE EIRST NATIONAL B.VNK. This banking institution was organized as the Oswego River bank in the year 1855, with John J. Wolcott pres- ident, and D. W. Gardner cashier. January 19, 1865, it was reorganized as a National bank. M. Lindley Ijce was elected jiresident in 1870, and remained in that capacity until his death, which occurred in May, 1876. The office of president then remained vacant until January 9, 1877, when R. H. Tyler was duly elected to that position, and is the present incumbent. D. W. Gardner is the present cashier of the bank, and h;js officiated in that capacity since its inception in 1855. The bank was organized with a cajiital of one hundred and fourteen thousand five hundred dollars, and upon its reorganization as a National bank this cai)ital was increased to one hundred and fiOeen thousand dollars. June 21, 1877, it was reduced to fifty-seven thou- sand dollars. Present surplus, ten thousand dollars. THE citizens' NATIONAL BANK. In 1852 the charter and privileges of the Bank of Camden, Oneida county, were purchased and tniiisfcrred to Fulton, and organized as the Citizens' bank of Fulton, with a ca]iital of one hundred thousand dollars. The fol- lowing constituted the first board of directors, viz., Charles O. Case, Samuel Hart, Willard Johnson, R. C. Kenyon, S. N. Kenyon, II. H. Coats, George Grosvenor, George Sal- mon, T.'W. Chesebro, J. J. Wolcott, J. W. Pratt, J. H. Reynolds, and Edwin Rockwell. George Grosvenor, of Rome, was chosen Ciishier and manager of the bank, and occupied that position until 1857, when Amos II. Bradley was elected. In 1S62 the capital slock was increased to its ])rcsent amount, one hundred and sixty-sis thousand one hundred dollars, and Samuel F. Case was chosen president. In .May, 1865, the bank was reorganized as a National bank. The offieei-s remained the s;ime under the new or- ganization niiiil .\prii 1, 1867, when Charles G. Case was elected ]>resident, and Samuel F. Ciise ea.shier, po.silions which they oceujiied until their deaths. Samuel F. died in July, 1869, and was succeeded by the present ca.shier, George M. Case, and Charles G. died in l)ecember, 1875, and was succeeded by the present president, Thomas W. Chesebro. FULTON SAVlNtiS HANK was incorporated March 29, 1871, with the following offi- cers: President, Sands N. Kenyon; Vice-Presidents, B. J. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NHW YORK. 237 Dyer, H. H. Merriam, Ira Carrier ; Attorney, B. S. Pardee ; Secretary, Abraham A. Howe ; Treasurer, C. G. Bacon. The following i.s the present board of tru.stces: Sands N. Kenyon, James H. Townsend, W. S. Nelson, J. W. Pratt, A. Dean, J. C. Wells, H. H. Merriam, B. J. Dyer, M. S. Kimball, Hiram Bradway, Atiraluim Howe, H. N. Soniers, Dr. S. Pardee, Calvin 0.sgood, Dr. C. G. Bacon, J. E. Harroun, Willard Johnson, George M. Case, William Dex- ter, Ira Carrier, W. D. Pattereon. The following changes have occurred in the offices of the bank, viz., Ira Carrier as vice-president vice H. H. Mer- riam ; Abraham A. Howe, secretary, vice Charles K. Howe ; S. N. Kenyon, treasurer, vice C. G. Bacon. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. This department was organized April 10, 1857, with the following-named wardens: Dixon Van Valkenburgh, Abial T. Loomis, James Peyden, Thomas Reeves, Abial W. Laws, and John W. Knox. The department as at present organ- ized is composed of two engine companies and one hook- and-ladder company. The steamers have sixty men each, and the hook-and-ladder company forty men. The present members are C. M. Sabin, W. J. Watson, H. Jj. Taylor, and Robert Stowe. Present officers : Newel H. Gilbert, chief; George Calkins, first assistant chief; Henry E. Nichols, second assistant chief; S. B. Mead, secretary ; Henry A. Harris, treasurer and collector. The fire department of Fulton is an efficient organization, and reflects much credit upon the village. The steamers used by the department are tlie celebrated Button machine, considered by many superior to any other manufactured. The engine-house is eligibly located on the main street, and is furnished witli all the conveniences of a first-class depart- ment. SOCIETIES. HiiiAM Lodge, F. and A. M., was organized June 14, 1849. The charter designated Samuel Dean, Master; Andrew B. Simonds, Senior Warden ; and W. R. Penfield, Junior Warden. The charter was given while Hon. John D. Willard was Master of the grand lodge. The present officers of the lodge are as follows : M. W. Danks, M. ; M. B. Buel, S. W. ; James Stevens, J. W. ; H. Bradway, Treas. ; H. L. Taylor, Sec; S. Parmeloe, S. D. ; J. Clark, J. W. ; C. Hart, S. M. of C. ; James Pearraan, J. M. of C. ; J. Sawyer, T. Fulton Chapter, No. 167, was instituted in about the year 1860. Stephen Pardee was the first High Priest ; Gaylord G. Goodell, King; and Wm. F. Ensign, S. The present officers of the chapter are as follows : S. Pardee, H. P. ; D. Pardee, K. ; J. Watson, S. ; M. W. Danks, C. of N. ; S. Parmelcc, P. S. ; M. B. Buel, R. A. C. ; C. D. Branch, M. of 3d V. ; J. Stevens, M. of 2d V. ; J. S. Ward, M. of 1st V. ; J. Sawyer, T. ; H. L. Taylor, Sec. ; H. Bradway, Treas. Ne-ah-tau-wan-ta Lodge, No. 245, I. 0. of 0. F., was instituted August II), 1870. The following were the charter-members, viz. : Geo. E. Williams, N. W. Otman, George C. Cooper, R. P. Alger, James F. Corric, John B. Corrie, W. J. Baker, Jones II. Case, Wm. H. Sisson. The present officers are as follows : N. Charnley, N. G. ; Fred. Keeler, V. G. ; George Clark, Sec. ; C. S. Rust, Per. Sec. ; James L. Parker, Treas. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. the METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUROII. This locality was first visited by a preacher of the Metho- dist faith in 1SI»», when the Rev. Mr. Tuller, from Cort- land county, made a tour around the circuit to which this place belonged, and preached here on his way to Oswego, Mexico, Sandy Creek, and Sackett's Harbor. In September, 1811, this locality was visited by a Metho- dist minister, whose name is not known, who preached at the house of Noah Whitney. The first class was organized in 1813, by Rev. Mr. Bishop, of Sandy Creek, with the late Daniel Falley as leader. The members were as follows : Sirs. Elizabeth Falley, Mrs. Judge Mooney, Widow Hyde, Widow Van Waggenen, the mother of Frederick D. Van Waggenen, Miss Charlotte Jones, afterwards jNIrs. Jacob C. Thompson, and perhajis one or two others. In 1814 the class was occasionally visited by Rev. Mr. Gillett, and in the following year by Rev. George Gray, subsequently presiding elder and missionary to Oregon. He was followed, in 1816, by Rev. James Hazen, who was succeeded, in 1817, by Rev. Enoch Barnes. In 1818, Rev. Nathaniel Reeder was the circuit preacher, and Rev. Chandler Lambert occasionally held service. In 1818, a powerful revival of religion commenced, which continued until 1820, and the list of converts numbered four hundred. The Rev. Mr. Lambert also 'Supplied the church during 1820 and 1821, and in the two following years it was supplied by Rev. Reuben A. Aylesworth. In the years 1824 and 1825 the Rev. Mi-. Roach traveled the circuit, and occasionally preached at this place. April 26, 1826, the society was organized, by Rev. Alex- ander Irvine, under the name of the " First Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Volney," and George F. Falley, John Schenck, James Whitaker, John Waterhouse, Jacob C. Thompson, Daniel Falley, Joseph Easton, Julius Montague, and James Doolittle were chosen trustees. The first church edifice was erected in 1828, and Wm. Schenck, John Waterhouse, and John Easton were ap- pointed the building committee. The ground upon which the church is located was donated to the society by Nor- maiid Ilubbaid, with the condition that it must be per. petually used as the site of the Methodist Episcoj}al church. The edifice has been enlarged and improved twice since it was built, but most of the original walls are still standing and in use. Without doubt this was the first house of woiship erected by this denomination in Oswego County. The church was completed and occupied in the spring of 1S30. Fulton was made a separate station in July, 1829, and William W. Ilundell was appointed preacher. The following is a list of the pastors who have officiated for this society from that time to the present, viz. : Revs. William W. Rundell, 1830-31 ; Jonathan Worthing, 1832 ; David H. Kingsley, 1833 ; M. H. Gaylord, 1834 ; Wm. S. Bowdish, 1835-36; Luther Lee, 1837-38; C. W. Leet, 1839-40; Isaac Stone, 1841-42; Gardner Baker, 238 HLSTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 184:5-44; Aiza J. rii.li«, lS;4r)-4(); Charles L. Duiininf:, 1847-48; Jdiii T. Ilewilt, 184'J-50; Harvey- E. Cliapin, 1851 ; Charles H. Austin (supply), 1851 ; James Erwin, 1852-53. In 1853 the churcli at Fulton was divided, and a second eliureli formed, the memb<'rs of which erected a small Ijuildinj; on the east side of Fourth street. The pastor of the first churcli in 1854 was Kev. M. D. (iiilett, and of the second cliurch, Rev. 0. M. Leg-ate. In 1855 Rev. M. D. Gilbert was returned as pastor of the first church ; and Rev. Lsiac L. HUnt, of the .second. In 185C Rev. J. 11. Lamhni.s was assi-rned as pastor of the first church, and Rev. I. L. Hunt rcajipointcil preacher of the second. . In 1857 Rev. A. Nichols was appointed pastor of the fiist, and Rev. Wm. X. Nind, of the second. In June, 1857, the two churches were united, and Mr. Nichols was Returned as jiastor. He, however, did not enter upon his labors here, and his place was supplied by Rev. L. I). Fur- geson. Revs. Jackson C. Vandercook, 1850-00; Richard Red- head, ]S(;i-(;2; John D. Adani.s, lSi;:!-(i5; <). C. Cole, 18C6 to April, 1867 ; R. C. Ilou-hton, from April, 18G7, to April, 1870; T. J. Ris.sell. 1870; Theron Cooper, 1S71- 72; Albert L. York, 1873. The Rev. Mr. York was succeeded by Rev. Theron Cooper. Rev. II. M. Banforth succeeded Mr. Coojier, and is the present efficient pastor. THE PRESBYTEniAN CHUUCH. A preliminary meeting or session of this church was held in this villap' Juno 13, 18] 8, by the Rev. John Dun- lap, a missionary, and Elder Elijah Mann, of the North Granby church, and Elder James Crosby, of the church of A'oliicy, for the jiurpose of considering the feasibility of organizing a Presbyterian church. This meeting was held at the house of widow Perry, situated near the cascade. A number attended the meeting, and it was resolved to organize a church on the IblKiwing day; and in accordance with that resolution, on .June 14, 1818, it was organized in the storehouse at the Upper handing, with the following members: Margaret Falley, Anna Crosby, Mary Perry, Lucretia Perry, Margaret M. Tarbox, Harriet Fay, Jared Crosby, Job M. Perry, Milita French. Liicinda Robinson, May .Schenck, (!itty Walradt, Lovisa Wilson, Sarah Has- sett, Cyril Wilson, Dorcas Perry. Much interest was manifested in the new church, and within a month from it.s organization twelve children wiTe bajitizid by the Rev. D. I). Field, of Stockbridge, Mas.sa- chusetts, who visited the church as a missionary. The church was visited by Rev. J. Dunlap, as missionary, in 1818, and by Rev. J. Davenport in 18i;t. March lit, 1820, James Cro.sby j)resented a letter of dismission from the Presbyterian church of Volney certifying his regular standing as a member and ruling elder, and was reci^ived by this churcli in the .same capacity. He wa.s the first officer or ruling elder of the church, and officiated solely in that capacity until January 13, 1828, when Nathan Rowlee and Theodore Foster were ordained ruling elders. On the Kith day of July, 1827, the society was organized at a school- house in the town of (Jranby. and the following persons were chosen trustees: Arlcmns Leonard, Uushnell Carey, Freeman Hancock, N. B. Northrop, Theodore F. Romeyn, and Charles Conistock. It was '• Jiesufied. that this cbiirch and society be hereafter styled the Presbyterian church and society of Fulton and Granby." During the first nine years of the church it was visited by the following missionaries: Revs. John ])unlap. D. I). Field, John Davenport, Oliver I^cavitt, D. R. Dixon, and Oliver Eastman. Up to the close of the year 1827, the church had woi-shiped in a .school-house that stood near the Upper Landing, but in 1828 they changed their place of Worship to the school-house on the west side of the river, immediately west of the western terminus of the toll-bridge then spanning the river, and near the dwelling of the late Isaac Giddings. In 1828, Rev. Adam Miller, a licentiate from the Auburn theological seminary, officiated as supply for the church, and remained one year. At a session of the church held in 1 828 charges were presented against .several members for various ofTen.ses, one of which was for playing whist. The lady charged with this monstrous sin was cited to appear before the session, and " make jiublie coiife.s,sion of this fore-nirntioned sin of j)laying whi.sl ;" and the confession was accordingly made by one of the elders. As Judge Tyler remarks, " This was for the fin of playing whi.st !" During the year 1829 the church had no regular prejicher, but was occasionally visited by Revs. James Abel, Abel Caldwell, S. V. Bogue, E. J. Chapman, Martin Powell, and others. In 18.30, Rev. Martin Powell was employed as a stated sujiply, and continued his labors until .some time during the year 1832. April 30, 1832, the church was re-organized, under the name of " The First Presbyterian Society of Fulton and Granby," with the following trustees: Peter Schenck, Geo. Salmon, Jr., Elijah Mann, Edward Baxter, Freeman Han- cock, and Moses L. Lee. In 1833, the first church edifice was erected, built of wood, thirty by forty feet in size, and was located on the corner of Oneida and Second streets. This house of wor- ship was dedicated on the 8tli of November, 1833, by the Rev. R. W. Condit. Rev. lehabod A. Hart preached for the society in 1833. Rev. John Eastman eommeiieed preaching fiir the society Januaiy 20, 18;i4, and on the 10th day of the following September was installed as the first pastor of the church, and remained until October 5, 1837. He was succeeded by Rev. Seth Smalley, who offi- ciated as supply about one year, and wa.s followed by Rev. Wm. Fuller, who was installed on the 24th i)f April, 1839, and served as pastor until April 20, 1841. The fol- lowing-named persons .served the ehureli occasionally until 1842: Rev. Dr. Condit. a Mr. Looniis, and the Rev. S. Whaley. Mr. Whaley was employed as stated supply one year. Soon after the termination of Mr. Whaley "s engage- ment Rev. T. R. Town.seii(l became a stati'd supply, and officiated in that capacity until the following December, when he was c;illed to the ]iastiprate. He was installed during the winter, and continued his labors until the spring of 1851. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 239 During the pastorate of Mr. Townsend the growth of the church had been so rapid tliat it became necessary to erect a more commodious edifice. IMeasures were at once adopted to build a new church, and on the 2d day of January, 11^4.5, the present church edifice was dedicated, the Rev. Dr. Hickok, then one of the professors in the tlieological semi- nary at Auburn, preacliing the sermon. At the conchi.sion of Mr. Townsend's labors the church was supplied a few months by Rev. S. E. Bishop. Rev. Edward Lord was installed as pastor February 10, 1852, and continued in the pa.storate thirteen years. He was absent in the army one year as chaplain of the One Hundred and Tenth Regi- ment, the pulpit being supplied in the moan time by T. B. Hudson, D.D. Soon after 1865 Rev. F. A. Spencer oc- cupied the pulpit six months. He was followed by Rev. Dr. Hopkins, senior professor in the Auburn theological seminary, who supplied the desk upon the Sabbath, Decem- ber, 1866, when Rev. C. J. Hutchins became pastor, and was installed June 12, 1867, and served until 1869. At the close of the labors of Mr. Hutchins, Rev. Mr. Clark, of Massachu-setts, supplied the pulpit two Sabbaths. Rev. A. C. Shaw, the present pastor, was installed in June or July, 1870. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. It is said that ministers of this denomination preached here as early as 1806, but the first church was organized in the autumn of 1817, at the house of the late Richurd Falley, Esq., with the following members, viz. : Richard Falley and wife, Bradford Dart and wife, Margaret Falley, and Hannah Fish. The first persons who united with this church by baptism were Rufus Cram and Zeriah Falley. It does not appear that this church ever had a settled pastor, or became incorporated as a religious society. The little band was occasionally supplied by Rev. Enoch Ferris, an old-fashioned preacher of Richland. After a few years, the place of worship was removed to the present town of Palermo. In 1827 a number of the members residing in the village united with others outside, and organized a new church. This meeting was held at the house of Doacon Timothy Wetmore, about three miles east of the village, and the persons constituting the new organization were as follows, viz. : Timothy Wetmore, Hannah Wetmore, Sanford Smith, Aaron G. Fish, Mrs. Lucy Ann Fish, Josiah Smith, Polly Smith, Zadok Thomas, Chloe Tlioma.s, Zeriah Sanford, Martha Baxter, and Betsey Gates. This church worshiped in the sixteenth school-house, and for five years had no settled pastor, but was supplied by various persons, among whom were Elders J. P. Evans, Judah Wright, and George Hill. In 1832, Rev. Asa Caldwell was settled as pastor, who served the church about two years, and was succeeded by Rev. Chas. Merritt, of Grauby, who in turn was followed by Elder Camp ; and during his pastorate the stated wor- ship was transferred to the " old red school-house," standing upon the corner of Second and Cayuga streets, in the vil- lage of Fulton. Here they worshiped four or five years, cxccptiug a few months, when msetings were held in the old Univer-salist church. Elder Camp was succeeded, after a brief interim, by Rev. T. A. Green, who SLM-ved the society one year. This church was without a legally in- corporated society until July 2, 1838, when a meeting was held in the distiict school-house, and the society was incor- porated with the following trustees: King.sford E. Sanford, Timothy Barnes, Joseph Sanford, M. Newell, James W. Tucker, J. C. Whitman, and Ephraim Beardsley. This organization was called the " First Baptist Society of Ful- ton." Rev. Peter Woodin became pastor of the church in 1839, and served in that capacity six years. In 1841 a church edifice was begun, and in January of the following year was completed, at a cost of twenty-three hundred dol- lars. Mr. Woodin closed his pastorate in the spring of 1845. Below is given a list of those who have served this church in the pastoral relation from 1845 to 1878, embracing a period of thirty-three years : Rev. L. Ranstead, three years ; Rev. C. B. Post, one year ; Rev. J. B. Simmons, six years.; Rev. S. W. Titus, eight years; Rev. G. R. Pierce, three years (Elder Woodin and Professor Yager, supplies, one year) ; Rev. E. J. Harrison, supply, .six months, pastor three months ; Rev. R. II. Ketchani, few months ; Rev. Chas. E. Smith, supply, ton months; Rev. J. F. Murphy, supply, nine months. Rev. George Baptiste wa-s called to the pastorate in 1872. After his resignation the pulpit was supplied by various per.sons until the present pastor. Rev. Wm. Ostler, assumed the charge. ZION CHURCH. This church was organized on the 22d day of June, 1835, by the Rev. John McCarty, then rector of Christ church, in the city of Oswego. The following persons were chosen ofiBcers of the church : Wardens, Anson Sackett and Zacharius Eddy ; Vestrymen, John C. Highriter, Robert Hubbell, Hiram D. Wheat, Norman Kellogg, Richard D. Hubbard, Elbert Holmes, John O'Niel, David H. Highriter. In 1836 measures were adopted for the erecting of a church edifice, and on the 6th day of August of that year the corner-stone was laid by Rev. Mr. McCarty, of Oswego, and in the ensuing year the structure was inclosed. The building committee was composed of Elbert Holmes, John C. Highriter, and David Highriter, who labored earnestly to accomplish the work. Captain John Wilson, a zealous communicant of the church, also rendered efficient aid, and wiis indefatigable in his efforts to accomplish the work. The first missii.inary who labored for the little parish Wiis Rev. George B. Engle, who came in 1838, having in charge at the same time the parish of West Granby and Baldwins- ville. After the close of Mr. Engle's labors, the parish w.ts without a rector until 1842, when the Rev. A. C. Treadway took the charge, and remained three years. He was .succeeded by Rev. 0. P. Holcomb, who officiated for three years, and was succeeded by Rev. (reorgc S. Porter, who labored one year. The church was without- a rector from the close of Mr. Porter's pastorate until April 26, 1849. Rev. Theodore M. Bishop then assumed the charge of the parish, and officiated until some time during the year 1857, embracing a period of eight years. Mr. Bishop was succeeded by Rev. William Atwell, who located in 1858, and continued one year. Rev. L. 1). Fiir- gesoii was then chosen as a supply, and served the church 240 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. nearly two yearB. Durinj; the rectorship of Mr. Fur^cson St. Lukc'.s church, at West Graiihy, was consolidated nith Zion church. In the month of August, 18(U, the Rev. T. M. Hi.shop was recalled, and nfficiated ils rector about seven yc^rs. In ISOIt, Nathan F. Whiting, D.D., was chosen rector, and remained two years. The present rector, Rev. Edward Moyscss, entered upon his duties May 1, 1872. THE INIVERSALI8T CHtlRCll. I'ndcr the aujspices of the late Alfred Sahin, who was a firm believer in the doctrines of that cliurcli, the Rev. S. R. Smith, a Universalist preacher of Clinton, Oneida county, canio to the village in the year 1828, and preached in the scliiml-hou.se then standing on the " flats."' This was the first Universalist service held in Fulton. In 1881 Rev. Matthew Bullard, a minister of this denomination, came to the village and preached about three months in the school-house that occupied the site of the present Free Methodist church. In 1832 the church was organized, and Rev. O. Wiston employed as pastor, and preached in the then Upper Landing school-hou.d of five years, and wa.s succeeded by Rev. fl. W. Skinner, who remained about six months. AfU'r Dr. Skinner the Rev. J. M. Bailey was the pjLstor of the church for about five years. In 185'J Rev. R. H. I'lilnian was chosen pastor, and the relation continued about eight years. During his pastorate the present substantial and coniinodious brick edifice was erected, the corner-stone of whieti was laid July Ui, 1S04, the address being delivered by Rev. Dr. Brooks, of New York. In May, 18()7, Rev. Mr. Pulnian tendered his resigna- tion, and he was succeeded in the pa.storate by Rev. C. B. Ivombard, who remained one year. The church Wius with- out a pa.stor until September, 1SC8. when Rev. E. K. San- born became a suj>ply, and served the church about six months. After Mr. Sanborn left the village, the pulpit was again vat-ant until August 1, 1S6II, when Rev. L. M. Rice was employed as paster and labored two years. From July, 1871, until October, 1873, the pulpit was generally vacant. In the early part of the latter year Rev. (), K. Cro.sby was employed as pastor of tlie church. The next [lastor was Rev. E. Jacobs, who w;is succeeded by the present pastor. Rev. Allen I'. Folsom. THE WESI.EYAN CHUnCH. This churcli was formed by eight jicrsons, memlK-rs of the Methodist Epi.scopal Church, who wilhdrew from that organ- ization on the 24th day of April, 1843, fonning themselves into a new church that sliould be " free from the evils of slavery." The following were the first members, viz. : William Wright, Isaac Schenck, Sylvester Bennett, Thomas W. Chescbro, Ilcnry C. Moody, James Parker, Jr., Charles G. Case, and John W. Arnold. Mr. Thomas W. Chesebro was appointed its first .steward, and Rev. P. R. Sawyer was appointed first pastor; and at a meeting of the society held at the "white school-house" it was resolved "that the church formed ,\]iril 22 be considered the ' true Wes- leyan church in Fulton.' ' This new ehurch, loe;ited on the corner of Second and Rochester streets, was ready for occu- pancy in the year 1844, and w:ls occupied by them while the church existed. The church was legally organized April G, 1844, with the following persons as trustees, viz. : Syl- vester Bennett, Thomas W. Chesebro, Charles G. Case, H. C. Moody, James Parker, Jr., and William Wright. The following persons served the church as pastors from 1844 until its dis.solution : Revs. Mr. Sawyer, P. M. Way, M. Finch, Lynden King, Schuyler Hoes, Henry Benson, Lu- ther Lee, John T. Hewitt, and S. B. Loomis. CHURCH OF THE IM.M.\Ci:i,.\TE CONCEPTION. The first services held by the Calholic-s of Fulton was in about the year 1850, when Father Kelley, then pa.stor of a church in the city of Oswego, gjithered together fifteen or twenty followers of the church of Rome, in an old mud- colored house, and tlien and there formed the nucleus of the present large and influential congregation. From that time until 1 8.")4 Father Kelley occasionally ccli'bratcd ma.ss with tlie liltliM-liunh, .service being held at Mr. !>oiinelly's, also over a store in First street, and subsequently in I'ond's liall. In January, 18.")4, the chun-li had become materially strengthened by the accession of .several Catholic families, and it wils deemed expedient to have a priest of its own, and accordingly the Rev. James Smith was appointed by the bishop of Albany to take charge of the flock-. The church continued their worship in Pond's hall about two years, wiicn they removed into Empire hall, which occupied the .site of the Midland depot. Here they re- mained about two years, when tlu'V ]mrcha.sed (he premises located on the corner of Third and Rochester streets, for- merly occupied by the Fulton female seminary. The old seminary building was fitted up as a place of worship, and in about 1858 it was consecrated to the .service of God by lOENce or MRS.L.£.LOOMIS,toR;i'^&.LiricSTs, FULTON, N.Y HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 241 the bishop of Albany, now Archbishop McClosky. The building has since been enlarged and improved, and is a commodious and substantial structure. The .society has grown from a feeble band to a large and influential church organization, and its present prosperity I is mainly due to Father Smith, who has labored earnestly in its behalf nearly a quarter of a century. The church is now under the control of Father Mehan. THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH. This ecclesiastical body first organized a class, June 15, 1869, on the Chittenango camp ground, which was com- posed of the following persons : Alexander Wise, Mary A. Wise, Emma Hill, Sarah Graham, and Harriet Briggs, all of whom were former members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Fulton. Mr. Wise was chosen class-leader, and the old red school- house at the Upper Landing was soon after fitted for a place of worship, and in the forenoon of July 4, 1SG9, the house was dedicated by the Rev. Mr. Selby. In the afternoon " he preached and greatly disturbed the devil in the park," as the record reads, and in the evening oiEciated in the school-house, at which time the church was organized. Five days thereafter Rev. C. H. Southworth, of the Sus- quehanna conference of the Free Methodist Church, was appointed their first pastor. September 16, 1869, the society was organized under the corporate name of the " Free Methodi.st Church of Ful- ton," with William Jenkins, Alexander Wise, and William W. Hill as the first board of trustees. On the night of July 3, 1870, the church building was destroyed by fire. Rev. C. H. Southworth served the church faithfully, and in October, 1870, was succeeded by his son. Rev. William Southworth. January 5, 1871, a new chapel was dedicated. The Rov. Mr. Southworth was succeeded in 1872 by Rev. Z. Osborn. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. Whifiin. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. L. E. LOOMIS. The subject of this sketch was born in Winchester county, Connecticut, March 19, 1808. Ho was the fourth son of Abiel Loomis, and a lineal descendant in the seventh generation of Joseph Loomis, who was born about the year 1590, and was a woolen-draper in Braintree, Essex county, England. Sailed from London April 11, 16158, in the ship "Susan and Ellen," and anived at Boston July 17, 1638. He brought with him five sons and three daughters. His father died when he was only eleven years old, leav- ing a wife and .six children in possession of his property, which consisted of a tannery and the homestead. At the age of eighteen he joined his brother Abiel in New York city, and engaged with him in the hide and leather trade, soon after engaging in business for him.sclf, at No. 7 Ferry street, remaining there in trade for-, some fifteen years, and was successful. In the year 1841 he returned to Connecticut to his old home, and there found his mother, who died the same year. May 15, 1841. In the year 1842, November 2, he married Miss Emcline Camp, daughter of Moses Camp, of New England birth and of English descent. In the year 1845 he, with his wife and two children, Harriet and Loyd, removed from Connecticut and settled in the village of Fulton, entering the firm as a partner with Messrs. Salmon & Fallcy, in the hide and leather trade. He remained in this firm for a few years, and after Mr. Falley's death and Mr. Salmon's retiring from it, he took into partnership with him his brother Alanson, and con- tinued as a firm until the year 1854, when he gave up his connection with the business to his brother, after which time, until his death, April 27, 1876, he was only con- nected with such business in Fulton as necessity required. Though not engaged in active business during the last twenty years of his life, he took a lively interest in what was transpiring around him. He was a man of careful judgment, a safe adviser, and a trusted friend. As a busi- ness man in the early days of his life in Fulton, he stood among the first, and was esteemed and highly respected not only for those traits of character which made him a leading citizen, but as well for the high and pure integrity which marked his dealings with other men. To Mr. and Mrs. Loomis were born five children, viz., Harriet, Loyd, Huldah, Mary, and Emma. Loyd enlisted in the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment New York In- fantry, in 1862, continued in the service as clerk of the regiment for one year, and died of fever at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1863. Harriet married Daniel Perkins, an attorney of East Saginaw, Michigan, 1869, and resides in that place. Hul- dah married Rev. J E. Richards, of the Congregational church, and resides at St. John, Michigan. They have two children, — Anne and Florence. Mary resides at home in Fulton, New York, and cares for her widowed mother, who is now in her fifty-ninth year. Emma married Mortimer Roe, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and resides there ; have one daughter, named Mary. In politics Mr. L E. Loomis was a Republican, taking an active part in political matters in his early life, but in his latter days paid little attention to such matters except to cast his vote iu his party's interest. JOHN H. DTSTIN. The subject of this sketch was born in New Haven county, Connecticut, March 17, 1813. He w:is the son of Joseph Distin, a native of Connecticut, and grandson of Joseph Distin, who, because he was not the eldest son and could not inherit his father's estate, emigrated from England, enlisting on board a British man-of-war, to America during the Revolutionary war, and served until its close, but always in sympathy with the Americans. At the close of the war he sei-lled in Connecticut, having married a Miss Parker, whose father was compi^lled to board him and five others by the Briti.sh. 242 UISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTI, NEW YORK. His father removed from Connecticut with his wife and four eliildron, and settled in Greene county, New York, in 1H13, lx)ught a farm and settled on it, but was unsuc- cessful. At the age of twelve years, John II., third child, came with hi.s father to Oneida county, his father carrying on his trade of wagon-making, and continuing in that bu.siness until 1S56. The son, at the age of twenty-four, and in the year 1835, came to the town of Volney, Oswego County, and settled, after four years, upon lot 6-. buying ninety-six acres, upon which were some improvements, where he now resides, surrounded with the result of a life of labor and toil. At the age of twenty-six, October 12, 1839, he married Mrs. Harriet Markham, widow of the late Charles H. Mark- ham, and daughter of Rev. Thomas Iluhhard, of Connecti- cut, of English descent. To Mr. and Jlrs. Distin were born three children, viz. : Harriet E., Josephine A., and John W. Distin. All are living. Harriet E. mairicd Captain Henry H. Hubbard, an en- listed soldier of the war of 18G1, and who served until its close, being in some fourteen battles. His health became impaired, 6nally, through fatigue and privation, never re- ceiving only a slight wound in the heel during the entire time. He died June 23, 18G8. His widow, having a large experience as a teacher before she was married, has, since the death of her husband, resumc. and a baby, — -two having died, named Edson H. and Orville E. John W. married Miss Elizabeth T. Kellogg, daughter of Erastus W. Kellogg, of the town of Volney, December 7, 1869. They have one daughter, llhoda E., now in her fifth year. The mother died April 20, 1874. John W. married fi)r his second wife Miss Sarah J. Van Valken- burgh, daughter of Solomon Van \'alkenburgh, of the town of Volney. John W. Distin, before he was eighteen years old, en- listed in the war of the Rebellion, in 1864, and served until the close nf the war ; was in tlu; battle of Cedar Creek, belonged to Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-fourth regiment, New York State Voluntcci's, under Major-Genera] 1*. H. Sheridan, commanding department Shenandoah Val- ley, and was regularly discharged. John H. Distin united with the Methodist Episcopal church at the age of thirty-four years, taking an active part as a mend)er of that body in church and Sunday- school work, always contributing for the support of church and school. His wife united with the same church at the early age of fifteen years, and now, in her seventy- second year, remains steadfiLst to its principles, having given great care in the moral and religious instruction of her chililrcn. He is numbered among the men of iiitogtity and upright- ness of character of his town. Originally a Democrat, upon the formation of the Republican party he became a member of that party, and remains steadfast to its principles and platform. He is now in his sixty-fifth year, having been a farmer and dairyman from his first .settlement in the town. An engraving of his residence and surroundings will he found on another page of this work, under the por- traits of himself and wife. His father and mother remained in Oneida county until the year IS.'jf!, and since that time have been cared for by their son John H. at his home. The father died i»t the age of eighty-two years, and in the year 18(i5, and his mother at the age of ninety-two, and in the year 1875. ELIAS THOMAS. The subject of this sketch was born in Herkimer county. New York, in the year 1802. His father was of New England parentage, being born in the State of Connecticut, and of English descent. The occupation of his father was that of a farmer, and, having a large family of eleven chil- dren, he taught all his sons the secret for obtaining wealth, as in after-years they grew up, and each by economy and perseverance became successful business men, accumulating large properties. Elias Thomas was the fourth son, and at the age of twenty-five years came to the town of Volney ( now Schroep- pel) and settled on lots 12 and 2G, buying one hundred and forty-four acres of land, and chopped and cleared the most of it himself In the year 1827 he married Miss Electa Griflitli, daughter of IJarnabas Griffith, of Herkimer county, whose parentage was also English. She came to this new county the next year after he did, and began the hardy ta.sk with him of cutting out of the unbroken forest a home. To Mr. and Mrs. Thomas were horn Calvin Monroe, Electa Jane, Burr E., and Esther Thomas. Of these chil- dren both sons are dead, Calvin Monroe dying at the age of twenty-four ycai-s, and Burr E. dying at the age of thirty-four years. Electa Jane married Dr. G. W. Snider, of Scriba Cornei-s, and Esther married J. J. Coit, a farmer, who resides in the town of Volney. As soon as he had his land sufficiently cleared he began to keep a dairy, making butter and cheese, and from that time has been engaged more or less in this work, keeping at times as high as one hundred cows, i)aying particular at- tention to thoroughbred stock. Fortunate in business, he has accumulalod a large property, and now lives at the age of seventy-four years to enjoy the fruits of his toil, and look back upon a life of labor, yet of plea-sure. At the age of twenty-five years he united with the Bap- tist church, having at a very early age given his heart to God, and at the same time his wife united with the church, and both from that time to the prc!4 and 05, 15th townshi]!, where he now resides .surrounded with the result of his ambition and toil. Before leaving Massachusett.s he married Miss Charilla (laylord, daughter of Ira Gaylord, of Connecticut, of Knglish di'sccnt, in the year 1811. Of this marriage were born Thomas M , Ira G., Mary Ann, George W., and Catherine A. Hubbard. Of these children all are living e.vcept JIary Ann. who died January, 1875. The mother of these children, afier a life of toil and hardshi|i coincident wllh the I'arlv history of the county, devoted to the full welfare of ber family, careful in the religious instruction of her children and the highest moral training, lived to an advanced age, seeing her ofrs])ring grow up to mature years and become respectable members of society. She died in the year 18G3, at the age of seventy-three years. Coming into the county the year before the beginning; of the lute war of 1812, he stood a minute-man at home at 6rst, and afkerwards assisted in defending Henderson's harbor against the attacks of the British Afterwards lie assisted Colonel Gasper in forming a new comjiany of light iiifintry, and ranked fii-st as ensign, then as lieutenant. and afterwards as captain, taking an active part in military matters until bis age releiLseW»eW>*1"" JohnW. Pratt. Mrs. John W. Fratt. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 249 AARON FISH. AARON Still living in the village of Fulton, New York, and aniiing its early pioneers and prominent men, is Aaron G. Fish, now in his cighty-tliii-J year, and almost through his entire life so closely associated with the gniwth and pros- perity of that part of the county that a brief sketch of his history will be welcome to many who will peruse the history of Oswego County after he has gone to his long rest. He was the son of Aaron and Anna Fish, of English descent, and born in Groton, New London, Connecticut, July 24, 1794. While only seven years of age his father removed to Mas.sachusetts with his family, consisting of himself, wife, and eleven children, lie being the sixth child. His father being a poor man, and surrounded by a large family, by his labor as a tailor was very much limited in means to give them an early education, barely struggling along and snp|)lying the neces.saries of life. Remaining in Ma.ssachu.setts for fifteen years, the mother dying in that State in the year 1814, the father, with one daughter and his son, Aaron G. Fish, came to Fulton, New York, in the year 1817. Afterwards another daughter — Mrs. Eliza Spencer — removed to this county. Aariiii (j.. upon reaching Fulton, at once leased the New Y(irk S. mills and carried on the businass of m.anufaeturiiig flour for the next five years. Purchasing some machinery, he began manufacturing woolen fabrics, at which business h<- continued for some twenty-eight years, and a ]iart of thi.s time carried on farming on one hundred acres of land where a )iart of the village of Fulton is now located. He again engaged in the manufacture of fluur, but m.tre extensively, in the Volney mills, wholestiling his fluur. In this enter- l>rise ho was unsuccessful at the end nf about five years. Having been appointed superintendent of the Oswego canal by the canal board, in the year 1847, he gave the work al- niost his entire attention for the two years he held the oflice. Being rising fifty years of age, the balance of the time he h:is been able to do busine.s.s during his life he has engagi'd in farming and also the manufacture of cloth. A liCe-liMig D'niocrat, he took an active part in matlere 17 MRS, AAliON G. FISH. G. FISH. of town and county. Held high in the estimation of his party, he was several times elected to offices of responsi- bility and trust, being supervisor for some five years, and justice of the peace and police justice for twenty years. Going to the polls to cast his first vote in the year 1815, he has not neglected this important duty of every Ameri- can citizen, but continued regularly, casting his last vote in the village of Fulton, in the spring of 1877, of which he was the first president. He was appointed loan commis- sioner for Oswego County, for one term, by Governor Marcy. Not disregarding the jilace of the dead, he always took a great interest in beautitying the grounds, and has done very much to add to the interest now to be .seen in visiting the Mount Adna cemetery. Quite early in life, in 1820, Enoch Ferris, engaged in missionary work in this county, baptized him, and he es- poused the Baptist faith, continuing the balance of his life a member of tliat body, always assisting liberally to secure to others what he thought he him.self po.^se.ssed, and always largely interested in the education of the youth of the country. In June, before he removed to Oswego County, he was married to Miss Lucy Ann Philips, of Westfield, Mas,sachusetts, and daughter of Ebcr Fhelps, of English descent. Of this marriage were born Lucy Ann, Eber Phelps, Lucy Ann, Eliza, Harriet L., and Andrew Jack.son Fish. Of these children two have died, — the eldest and youngest, — viz., Lucy Ann and Andrew .lackson. The mother, having espoused the cause of Christianity at the same time as her husband, remains still a member of the Baptist church, and is now in her eighty -second year. Firmly believing in a future reward, she very carefully taught her children le.s.sons of morality and of the necessity of a life of purity. She still lives to .see the fruits of her in.structiini, and her children respected and prominent members of society, the daughters living in the same village with their parents, admini.slering to their wants as their sun sets in the western horizon, and the only surviving son being a Ibrwarding merchant in New York city and a suc- cessful liusiness man. i5i) HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NKW YORK. LYM AN PATTEUSUN. Tlie sulijcct of this sketch was Iwin at Castleton, Rut- land county, VeniKiiit, cm JIarth 28, l";i4, beiiij; llie gevL'iitli son of a family of eleven eliildren. His fatlier, David Patterson, was a lineal descciKlaiit of Sliuliael Patter- son, who emi-rrated fmni EiiL'laml aliont four years before llie eoninienec ineiit of tlic Krvolutionaiy war. and served seven years in that war. His mother was of Irish de.scent, from the Heath family, who eniij^rated to this eountry in an early day. His father was a tinmr liy trade, and on aceount of having .so ]arf,'e a family was olili<:ed to leave his ehililren to depend ujion theni.selves at early ages. Lynjan I'atterson, at the age of twenty-one years, mar- ried Miss Almira Tutlle, daughter of Josejdi Tuttle, of English de.seent. The next year he, with his wife and one child, removed from Vermont and settled in the town of Volney, Oswego County, having been eighteen days on the road, traveling with an ox-team, and when lie arrived had eighteen cents in money. Coming liere in tlie year 181 G, he settled near Fulton village, wiiere he ]iurelin.sed seventy acres of timber-land, anil began elearing off the forest. When a boy he learned the art of painting, and as .soon as the peopli! beeann> sullieiently able to have buildings put up good enongli. he resumed his old trade, jiainting the first house in the now thriving village ol' Pulton. In the year 1S:^4, having sold his f'anii, he removed to Fulton, wiierc he has since reside. Patterson, whose family contributes to liis ha}>pines8 and comfort in his old age. HOLSry'riUSBAIiU. Mrs. Holset Hubbard- Among the pioneers of Oswego County was Holsey Hubbard, ninth child of a family of twelve children of Rev. Thomas Hubbard, of Connecticut. He was born in Pitts- field, Massachusetts, December 4, 1801, his father having removed to that State previous to Holsey's birth, and after having spent some time in New Durham, New York. His father followed the business of a tanner and currier, spend- ing the most of his time during the winter months as a minister of the gospel. In the year 1818, Rev. Thomas Hubbard, with the balance of his family (not already removed), came and settled in Oswego County, in the town of Volney, settling first near Hubbard's Corners. Lived in Fulton until the completion of the canal in 1830, and then settled on a farm near Ful- ton with his sou Holsey. The farm is now owned by his granddaughter, Mrs. Julia B. Nichols, who bought the shares of the heirs of her father's estate. Holsey Hubbard was seventeen years old when he came to the town of Volney ; learned shoemaking from his father, and worked at his trade until the year 1830. At the age of twenty-four, and in the year 1826, he married Miss Rachel Hugunin, daughter of Abram Hugu- nin, of Montgomery county, town of Root, whose wife was own cousin of JIartin Van Buren, one of the presidents of the United States. Holsey's father lived with him on the farm until his death, on January 7, 1850, having lived to be eighty-six years of age, and was ordained a deacon in the Methodist Episcopal church, in the year 1806, by Francb Asbury, the first American Methodist bishop. To Mr. and Mrs. Holsey Hubbard were born six children, viz., Horace Holsey, Lucretia K., Thomas J., Leonard H., Eber G., and Julia B. Hubbard. All are living except Leonard H., who died in 1863, aged thirty years. Horace H. resides in San Francisco, is unmarried, and is a practicing physician, standing high in his profession. Lucretia K. married George V. Wolvin ; resides in the town of Hannibal ; has one child, named George Holsey. Thomas J. is in charge of a mine in California, and is unmarried. Eber G. married Miss Grace Newman for his second wife, having previously married Mrs. Mary Ann Birdseye, who died in 1874. He resides in the village of Fulton. Julia B. man-ied Clark Nichols, of Bladisou county, New York, son of William Nichols, of American birth, April, 1873. They are farmers, and in remembrance of kind parents place an engraving of the father and a biography of his life upon the pages of history, in remembrance of one of Oswego County's representative pioneer men. Holsey Hubbard united with the Methodist Episcopal church in 1853. His wife united with the same church in 1820, when she was only nineteen years of age. She was very careful in the religious instruction of her children, was an example of pure, intelligent womanhood, and seemed to live a life unspotted before the world, honored and respected. She died in her seventy-fourth year, in the year 1875. In politics he was originally a Democrat, but upon the formation of the Republican party joined its ranks, remaining firm to its principles until his death. He was a warm sup- porter of school and church interests, and contributed lib- erally for its support. Being denied the advantages of a common-school education while young, he gave his children as good an opportunity as his means would afford. He died May 5, 1875, being in his seventy-third year. HISTORY OF 0SWP:G0 COUNTY, NEW YORK. 251 WILLIAM INllELL. WILLIAM INGELL. P The subject of this sketch w;is born in the town of Cliester, HampJen county, Massachusetts, September 16, 1792. He was the son of Seth Ingell, of English descent, and his great-grandfather wiis of English birth, having « Immigrated from England, in the vear 1020, on board the i -^'Mayflower." William was the sixth child and fourth son of a family of seven children, and lived at home with his father, who was a farmer by occupation, until he was twenty-three years of age. At the age of twenty-one lie married Miss Esther Whittemore, of New England birth and of English and Scotch descent, in the year 1813, April 20, with whom he lived in wedded life upwards of sixty years. In the year 1815 he came alone to the town of Volne}', Oswego County, bought one hundred and fifty acres of timber- land, cut the first stick of timber, built a log house, and cleared a small piece of land. In the fall of that year he returned to JIassachusetts, and remained with his wife until spring, when he, his wife, and infant daughter came and settled permanently upon his new farm, itself being and surrounded by an almost trackless wilderness. For a. number of years subse()uent to this, and during his early life, he was active in the administration of the affairs of his town, and held successively nearly all the offices in the gift of the people. All these respon.sibilities were discharged with unwaver- ing fidelity, and during all his long and active life the confidence of his fellow-citizens was never betrayed by a single intentional wrong act. There were born to JNIr. and Mrs. Ingell seven children, viz. : Sophia, William F., Mary C, Isaac Newton, Egbert N., Edson D., and Lydia A. Ingell. Sophia married Hiram Parker, of Herkimer county. New York. They have three children, — Theodore II., Edward N., and Minerva S. Parker. All are living. The mother died 18-14, April 20. William F. married .Miss Minerva Parker, daughter of Patten and Sarah Parker, of Oswego County, in the year 1840. Her great-grandfather was of Scottish birth, and, emigrating from Scotland, settled in the town of Argyle, Washington county. New York. They have one daughter, named Florence Adell, who married W. H. Garloek, of Monroe county, and now resides in Dayton, Ohio. William P. resides upon the farm first settled upon by his father, and has erected fine buildings, and it is now one of the oldest-settled places in the town, with ornamental trees of large growth, and fruit-bearing trees of over half a century's growth, placed there by the hands of his father. Mary C. married James M. Chesbro, of the town of Volney, in the year 183G. He was son of Joseph Chesbro, of Connecticut, who came to Oswego County about 1816, and was among the pioneers of this town. They followed the occupation of farming for a while, and removed to the village of Fulton, where they now reside. Isaac Newton, Egbert N., and Edson D. died in infancy. Lydia A. married E. N. Carrier, of Oswego County, in the year 1850. He was the son of Harvey Carrier, a native of Massachusetts, and settled in the town of Volney about 1817, and was numbered among the representative men of his town. Have two children, — William II. and Leman J. They are farmers, and now live in Phcenix. About the year 1835, William Ingell united with the Methodist Episcopal church at Fulton, his wife connecting herself with the church at the same time. He remained a steadfast member of that body, contributing for its sup- port up to the time of his death, which took place at his old homestead June 19, 1873, aged eighty-one years. The wife and mother is still living, having been spared to see four generations of her own family, and is now in her eighty-sixth year, quite .strong and healthy, looking down life's journey almost to the end. She resides with her children, who desire to remember their father and mother as among the pioneers of the county, by engravings of their portraits on the jiages of the history of the county to which they so much contributed. In politics, William Ingell was originally a Whig, but subse((uently became a Democrat opposed to slavery, and stood firm for the Union during its years of peril. His son, William F., enlisted in the service in 1861, and con- tinued until its close. Those who knew William Ingell best will cherish his memory as a faithful husband, a kind father, and a worthy, useful, and highly-esteemed citizen. 252 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. ISAAC .MAKKIIAM. JASON S. MARKHAJI. Tlie .subject of this .sketch was born in the town of Mad- iw)n, in Madison county, -Maj- (i, 1814. Ho was the sou of Isiiac Marklianijwlio was born in Great Baningtou. Connecti- cut, in tlic year ITStl, and was a lineal descendant of Abijah Markliani, wlio euiiirrated witli his brotlier William from Enjilanil i he coniin;.' from Liveri)ool and the brotlier from Sheffield I. and settled in Ho.stoii in the year lt>27, and en-" pijied larjiely in the shipping b«.sine.ss, and assisted in buildinji tiie first wharf and first storeliouse in that city. I.saac Markbani was a farmer by occu|iation, and at the age of sevenleiii removed to Oneida eonntv, and after a few years removed to Madison county, and remained until the year ISll!, wlien he removed to tin.' town of Volney, Os- wego County, and .settled on lot (j!5, buying the entire lot. lie was married in Madi.S(]n county to Jli.ss Susan Howard, daughter of Ebenezcr Howard, wlujse forefathers settled in Bridgewater, Mas.sacliu.selts, in the year U(32, being of English birtli. She was born in the year 177li. There Were thirteen children of this family, of whom the subject of this skcteii was the eighth child. He was only two years ohl when his father removed to Oswego County, and remained at home with his I'ather until he was sixteen years olil, and w»'nt to Oswego and learned the trade of blacksmilhing, working on the first steamboat ("United Stales') run on Lake Ontario, which upon its completion on its Hr.st trip went on a pleasure or trial trip. Jason S., being entitled to ten berths as second engineer of the boat, invited ten of tiie olilest men of the town of \^>lncy to accompany him on the e.xcursiiin. He, at the age of twenty-four, re- turned to Madison county, working at his trade there for some ten years, and in 1848 came back to Oswego County, bought three hundred acres of tiuiber-land ami built a .saw- mill, cleared gi large part of it, and has since that time dealt largely in real estate. His father was one of the pioneers of tlic town. Always active in business, very few have such a record of labor its he, having chopped and cleared over three luindrcil acres of land. He died January 9, 185'J. His wife died in 18;{2. Catehing the s[>irit"and energy of the father, Jason S. has been numbered anmng the representative men of his town. Beginning with no as- sistance but his own hands, he now ranks financiallv among th(! first men of his town. .\n incident of his early life which may be int<'rcsling to his ofi'spring is related by him- self, as follows : when eight years old he went after tlie cows, was lost in the woods, and remained all night, and during the night was surrounded by the wolves as he cud- dled down by the side of one of the eows. Fortunately, a bear came and drove away the wolves, but seemed bound to secure the )irey for himself; but the daring of Jason, by breaking sticks arouni!ff S.Ransom Howard. Kansom Howard, M.D., the subject of this sketch, was born in Windsor, Massachusetts, March 7, 1793. He was the son of John Howard, whose ancestors were among tlic early settlers of the New England States, and embarked'^ on the " M_a;^o _wer'' fo r America, in the year 1620.'^*^ • His father was a i'armer, and unable to give his chil- dren any advantages above the common school. It was so with Ransom, who, self-reliant, paved his way to ])romi- nencc as a medical man by his own exertions, and also became a master of the French, Latin, and Greek lan- guages, in the study of which he spent very much of his time. At an early age he came witli his father to Sangerfield, Oneida county, and remained there until he was about twenty-.seven years of age, when lie came to Oswego County and commenced the pi'acticc of medicine, first at Volncy Centre, where he continued, with the exception of six years spent at Gilbertville, during his professional career. He received his medical instruction from Dr. White, a man of high reputation, with whom he studied. At the age of thirt}' he married Miss Eliza Johnson, daughter of James John.son, of iNIassachusctts, whose forefathers were of English descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Howard were born fiur children, viz. : Silence, Elizabeth, William Burr, and Itan- som. Of these. Hansom was drowned, at the age of five years, at Gilbertville. Silence married Profes.sor A. R. Benton, a man of high reputation as a scholar, ex-chancellor iif Lincoln university, Nebraska, and at present professor in the Northwestern Christian university, at Indianapolis. They have three children, Grace Eliza, JIattic, and Howard. J'^lizabeth married Albert A. IJurfey, of this county, a I'armer, and now looks after and cares for her mother in her declining years, — she being in her seventy-sixth year. William Burr married Mi.ss Lucy Mary Ilinman, of this town, whose lather w^is one of the first settlers in the town of Volney. Tiiey liave five children, viz. : Libbie 3Iay, Ozander, BeTiton, Burr, and Mira. At the age of thirty Mrs. Dr. Howard united with the Presbyterian church at Bristol Hill, and has since remained a member of that body. Her example before her children has been such as to leave an impress of the value of morality and virtue upon their minds, which has resulted in their becoming respectable members of society and connected with church interests. Dr. Howard was indefatigable as a medical man, was among the pioneers of his profession in the town, and ranked among the fir,st. His ambition was so great, and the hardships he was called upon to endure as an early practitioner so severe, that his health gave way and his constitution became undermined while only fifty years of age, and for the next twenty years he was obliged to leave his large practice for others. He gave much attention to the education of his children, and placed in tlieir possession the boon of priceless value, by the best opportunities tJuit the schools of this vicinity could afford. His son William Burr is held in high estimation by his fellow-men, having held the office of school commissioner one term, and re- ceived the nomination from the Democratic party of the assembly district, on two different occasions, to represent it in the State legislature. Dr. Howard lived to the age of seventy-one years, and died in the year LSG4. Possessed of an excellent physi(|ue, he not only gained eminence as a medical practitioner in Oswego and other counties, but, what is less notorious, yet generally true, he was a man of fine intellectual taste, and possessed of an unquenchable thirst after knowledge. Apart from his professional study, he was a great student of lan- guages and general literature, and even in his advanced life was eager to master the German language as he had the French. Such intellectual tastes at an advanced age are rare, and remind one of tjie elder Cato, who began the study of Greek in his old age ; and ho, like the old Roman, was remarkable I'ur the simplicity of his life and the fewness of his wants. Though living without ostentation or sclf-a.sser- tion, his influence was great in his region. Tiiis was gained without the arts men usually empioj', but by t!ie simple power of a pun; life and grand personality. He wa.s an illustrious exam]ile of that native force and character found in the struggle of fortune, life, and effect. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 255 1853, again changed his place of abode ; going to North Volney, where he has since resided. In the spring of 1859, he was elected a justice of the peace, and was re-elected in 1867, and again in 1871 ; serving in all twelve years. He was elected a justice of sessions of Oswego County in the fall of 1874, and served one year. He was commissioned postmaster at North Volney in October, 18C1, and still holds that position. Mr. Squires' first wife died March 8, 1860, leaving three children ; another, the eldest, having died the fall before. On the 2'Jth of August, 1875, he married his present wife, previously Mrs. Maria L. Coe. During the war for the Union he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-fourth New York Infantry, and served as clerk of the company. For the last three years he has devoted much time to the subject of local history, having visited every town in the county to .search the records, collect data, etc. His diligence and accuracy are well known. The sketches of Volney and New Haven in this work are from his pen, besides which he has furni.shed us with much other valuable infurniatiou. MILITARY RECORD OF VOLNEY. Tioeiili/- Fourth Regiment, Iiifnutry. — Orville J. Jennings, captain, Co. E. Enlisted Apr. 18,1861; promoted on organization of CO.; was in battles of 3d Bull Run, Falmouth, Rappahannock Station, Fredericksburg, and ChauccUorsville ; discharged at end of term of two years. Albert Taj'Ior, capt., Co. H. Enlisted May 17, 1861 ; was in battles of Falmouth, Rappahannock Station, Cedar Mountain, and 2d Bull Run : rc-cnlisted in Co. A, 24th Cav., Doc. 28, l.SG.'i ; pro. to major Dec, 1864 ; in battles of Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, and under Sheridan at Lee's surrender ; dis. June 26, 1865. Wilbur F. Taylor, sergt., Co. H. Enlisted May 17, 1861 ; in battles of Falmouth, Cedar Mountain, and 2d Bull Run ; killed Aug. 311, 1862. Charles A. Taylor, sergt., Co. II. Enlisted May 17, 1861 ; in battles of Falmouth, Rappahannock Station, Cedar Mountain, and 2d Bull Run; dis. at end of term; re-enlisted in the 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863; pro. to 1st lieut. on organization of regt. ; in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, and at Lee's surrender; dis. June 26, 1865. Norman G. Cooper, 2d lieut., Co. E. Enlisted May 4, 1861 : was in battles of Rajipahannock Station, Gainesville, 2d Bull Run, and Chancellorsville ; dis. in 1863. Charles N. Tiffany, private, Co. P. Enlisted May 2, 1861; was in battle of Catlett Station ; dis. Dec. 20, 1862, for injuries received in service ; re-enlisted, private, in Co. D, 193d ; dis. .lune 16, 1865. Lewis Sherman, Co. H. Enlisted May 10, 1861 ; in battles of 2d Bull Run and Chancellorsville; dis. May 29, 1863. Lorenzo D. Cooper, Co. E. Enlisted May 12, 1861 ; dis. for disab'y, Aug. 27, 1861 ; re-enlisted in 1862 ; dis. Feb. 3, 1864. Truman Snow, Co. A. Enlisted April 19, 1861 ; in battles of Fred- ericksburg, Chancellorsville, and 2d Bull Run ; dis. Jan. 2, 1863 ; re-enlisted, Corp., Veteran Reserve Corps, Feb. 14, 1865. Thomas Gofield, Co. E. Enlisted May 6, 1861 ; discharged for disa- bility May, 1862 ; re-enlisted in Co. A, 12th Cav.; discharged March 8, 1864. Francis Seymour, Co. E. Enlisted ^lay 1, 1861 ; dis. for disability Sept. 1, 1861. Michael Keefe, Co. F. Enlisted April 27, 1861 ; in battles of 2d Bull Run, Fredericksburg, South Mountain ; wouniled, and dis- chargeil June 1, 1863; re-enlisted, Corp., Co. F, 15th Cav., June, 1864 : in battles of Lynchburg and AViuchester, and at Lee's surrender; discharged June 27, 1865. Henry Knapp, Co. E. Enlisted May 6, 1861 ; dis. for disability Aug., 1861 ; re-enlisted as corp., Co. A, 24th Cav., Dec. 4, 1863 ; In battles of Wilderness and Cold Harbor; taken prisoner, and died at Anderstrnvillc, July 31, 1864. James McDonald, Co. I. Enlisted May 5, 1801 ; in battle of 2d Bull Run ; dis. June 1, 1863 ; re-enlisted in Co. I, 15th Cav,, Jan. 2, 1864; in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and before Peters- burg, where he was wounded; dis. Aug. 9, 1865, with regt. Alfred La Port, Co. E. Enlisted April 21. 1861; in battles of Fred- ericksburg, Chancellorsville, 2d Bull Run; wounded; discharged May 29, 1863. William Sherman, Co. 11. Enl'd May 9, '61 ; killed at 2d Bull Run. Abram C. Scrivcr, sergt.-maj. Enlisted May 9,1861; iu battles of Fredericksburg, 2d Bull Run, and Antietam. William Piatt, Co. G. Enlisted April 29, 1861 ; in battles of Fal- mouth, 2d Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville; dis. July 1, 1863 ; re-enlisted Co. G, 24th Cav., June 4, 1864; in bat- tles before Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, and Five Forks; dis- charged Aug. 4, 1865. Patrick Fleming, sergt., Co. F. Enlisted May 6, 1861 ; was in battles of 2d Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville; dis. M.ay 13, 1863 ; re-enlisted, 2d lieut., Co. A, 24th Cav., Dec. 15, 1863; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg; killed at Weldon Railroad, in January, 1865. James Fleming, Co. F. Enlisted Sept. 5, 1861 ; in battles of 2d Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville; dis. May 13, 1863; re-cnlisted, private, Co. A, Hancock's 5th Inf. Corps, Jan., 1865. Silas Horton, musician, Co. 11. Enlisted Dee. 24, 1864 ; in battles of 2d Ball Run, Fredericksburg, and .\ntietam ; dis. May 29, 1863. M. D. Smith, musician, Co. E. Enlisted May 4, 1861 ; dis. for disa- bility ; re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864, in Co. E, 24th Cav.; and dis. with regt. July 19,1865. Francis Cullcn, private. Co. H. Enlisted June 29, 1861 : in battles of Harper's Ferry, South Mountain, and Antietam; mortally wounded at Fredericksburg, and died and was buried near there. Marcus A. Corey, Ist lieut., Co. E. Enlisted June 29, 1861 ; in bat- tles of 2d Bull Run, H.arpcr's Ferry, Antietam, and Fredericks- burg ; wounded ; re-cnlisted in Co. A, 24th Cav. ; in battles of Cold Harbor, Wilderness, and before Petersburg ; discharged. Harvey Dubois, Co. B. Enlisted May 17, 1861; dis. May 29, 1863; re-enlisted in Co. B, ]84th, Aug. 20, 1864; dis. with regt. Herman Trask. Enlisted 1861 ; dis. for disability; re-enlisted in Co. F, 81st Regt.; served 9 months; dis. with regt. Lorcn Austin, Co. C. Enlisted Nov. 3(1, 1863; was in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and wounded before Petersburg, a ball passing through bis left eye; dis. June 15, 1865. George Simpson, sergt., Co. 11. Enlisted May 15, 1861 ; died of dis- ease in service, May 20, 1862, and buried at Falmouth, Va, • Henry Kinne, Co. H. Enlisted May 17, 1S61 ; in battles of Freder- icksburg, 2d Bull Run, Antietam, South Mountain, and others; was wounded, and dis. at end of term. Michael Fitz Gibbons, Co. B. Enlisted Ajiril 1, 18;')1 ; was in battles of Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Culpepper, twenty-nine in all ; re-eulisted, Corp., Co. F, 16th, Feb. 7, 1863. Nelson Banwormer, Co. B. Enlisted Apr. 16, 1861; in several bat- tles, and killed in 2d Bull Run. John Greenbush, Co. H. Enlisted April, 1861; in front of Rich- mond; dis. Aug., 1865. Orlando Cole, Co. B. Enlisted April 27, 1861 ; served out time; re- enlisted, Co. A, Sept. 3, 1864 ; served ten months. Benjamin Hart. Enlisted .April, 1861 ; in a number of battles, and wounded in 2d Bull Run in legs ; returned, and died Nov. 24, '62. Harvey Bundy, Co. B. Enl'il .\pr. 2,5, 1861 ; killed in 1st Bull Run. Nelson Burgess, Co. E. Enl'd Dec, '61 ; dis. for deafness Feb., '62. Samuel E. Rice, Corp., Co. D. Enl'd .\pr., '01 ; killed in 2d Bull Run. William Fredenburgh, Co. H. Enid May 8, '61 ; killed at 2d Bull Run. Charles U. Owen, Co. It. Enlisted May 11, 1861: dis. for disab'y ; re-enlisted in Co. C, 117th, May 3, 1863; in battles of Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, and in front of Petersburg. Michael Sheridan, Co. E. Enlisted Apr., 1861 ; iu b:ittles of Fred- ericksburg and 2d Bull Run. Frederick Stanton, Co. II. Enlisted May, 1861 ; served three months ; discharged. 25G HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. l>bili|i A. Ellil, Co. E. Koliatod Mny S, 1861 ; in CbaDccllorgville mill Bull Hun balilcfi. Will. II. Toinpkiiiy. Co. K. Knlintcil Nuv. 0. 1SG1 ; served his time, anil ri' enlislcil in the 21tli Cur., Sept. '."J, lsn3 : dit. Juno 20, 'C&. Benjamin M. Kllir. eorp., Cu. E. Knlihted April, ISCI : in battles uf 2il Itiill Run, Antii-taiii, Cliniicellursville : dip. Miiy 21*, 'O.'t. Truman C. Musber, fergt., Co. K. Kniistvd May, 1S5I ; in battles of 2d Hull ltun,.\ntietuin,aud Cbaneelloriville: dis. May 2!l, 1865; rc-enIM, Bcrgt., in Co. K, isiib : dis. July 23, ISCi. Morrison A. Kandull, Co, II. Knl'd -Miiy 17, 1S6I : die. niter eighteen moulha: re-enl'd Co. D, Heavy .\rt., June 22, 1XC3: in battles Cold Harbor, Petersburg: dis. l-'^Oo, Sylvester Tucker, killi-d at IJeliysliurg. Cyrus Mead, Co. II. Knl'd .May 17, ISSI : in battles 2d Bull Run, Antielam, and Fredericktiburg ; dis. May 2'J, '()3 : re-enl'd a sergL James Sanders, Co. II. Knl'il May 7, 1.><0I : in battles 2d Bull Run, Antielam: rc-enl'd 1S84 : dis. July III, I.SO.'). Henry Cnndce, Co. II. Knl'd May H, '61 : di.«. for disability July 5, '62. John Johnson, Co. K. EnI'd Moy 7, ISUI ; in bailies of Weldon R. R., and before Petersburg: dis. May 211, 1863: re-inl'd in loth Cavolry : was at Lee's surrender. Charles Husted, Co. H. Knl'd Mny 9, 1861 : dis. fur disability May 5, '6J; rc-oni'd in 147lh, April 22, '62: lost right hand in battle. James Ayers, Cu. E. Enlisted April, 1861 : killed at 2d Bull Run, Aug. :!0, 1861. James K. Corrcy, private, Co. E. EnI'd July, "61 : ilis. for disability May 23, 1862: re-enli»led, scrgt., 14th Heavy Art. Robert F. Correy, Co. E. Eiilisled May, 1861 ; in 2d Bull Run and Fredcrieksburg: dis. .May 211, 1863. Sidney M. Ottman, jirivate, t^o. II. Enlisted April, IS6I : died of wounds at 2d Bull Run, July "lO, 1863. Raymond Jasper, Co. A. EnI'd Sept., IS6I : dis. .May, IS02. John Elliolt. Enlisted May, 1861 ; died at Syracuse. Rii-liard I.. Hill, 1st lieut. Enli'tcd .May, IS6I. Ten Kyck 0. Pauling, 2d lieut., Co. E. Ei-jlity-ltiii lti(jlmriii.—1. bwight Stowe, capt., Co. F. EnI'd .\ug. 10, 1861 : in battle of Fair Oaks : wounded ; resigned July 26. 1862. Joseph M. Gould, sergt., Co. G. Knl'd Sept. 14, 1861 : in battles of Seven Pines. Fair llaks, ,\nlietani, Fredericksburg: dis. Feb. 23, 1861 ; rc-enl'd same day ; in battle of Cold Harbor ; killed before Petersburg. Samuel W. Dunham, Corp.. Co. F. Enlisted Sept. 10, 1861 ; in battles of Seven Pines, Antietuin, p>edericksburg : rc-ciilisted same co., Sept. 17, 1864 : in three battles after re-enlistment. John E. Smith, Co. F. EnI'd Dec. 24, 1861 : in battles of Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, Malvern Hill, and Antietam ; dis. Jan. 1, 1864: re- cnl'd same day ; in battles before Petersburg, Swift Creek, and Drnry's Bluff. William S. Bennett, sergt., Co. B. EnI'd Sept. 13, 1861 ; dis. March 29, '62, for disability ; re-cnl'd in Co. B, 15th Cav., in July, 1863 ; was in battles of Monucacy, Frederick City, Five Forks, and Weldon R. R. John Ashley, Co. B. Enlisted March 29, 1864; dis. Aug. 31, 1865. George Juno, private, Co. B. EnI'd March 18,1861: in battles of Drury'sBlulT, Cold Harbor, and before Petersb'g; dis. Aug. 31, '65. Daniel C. Ri.x, capt., Co. It. EnI'd Deo., 1861, as 2d lieut.: pro. to 1st lieut. after battle of Fair Oaks, and to oapt. after Gettysburg; killed at Chapin's Farm. Martin Wright. Enlisted Dec , 1861 : in battles of Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, and .Antielam; rc-enlisled Jan. 1, 1863; dis. in 1865. Thomas Ncele, Co. F. EnI'd Nov. 16, '62 : dis. for disab. June I9,'6.3. Otis Pitcher, Co. F. Enlisted Oct II, 1861 ; in battles of Fair Oaks and Williamsburg; dis. Oct. 26, 1864. Henry Hill, color-sergt., Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1861 : in battles of Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, Fredericksburg, and Antictjim ; re- enl'd in same co., June I, 1864 ; in four other battles ; dis. Aug. 31, 1865. Martin Wells, Co. F. Knl'd Sept. 12, 1861 ; in battles of White Oak Swamp, Yorktown, Williamsburg, and Seven Pines; reported killed Njv., 1863. Selah Taylor, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 5, 1861 ; iu batllcs of Wilder- ness and Cold Harbor; dis. to rc-enlisi .Inn. 1, 1861 : trans, to Invalid (.'orps. Saxton Storrs Taylor, Co. F. Knl'd July 12, 1862; in battles of the Wilderness and Petersburg; dis. with regiment. John F. Dc Forest, capt., Co. F. EnI'd Sept. 23, 1861 ; pro. lo lieuL on organization, and to capt. in 1863; in battle of Fair Oaks and several others; resigned in 1864. James Croinbie, sergt., Co. F. Enlisted i^ept. 10, 1861 ; in battle of Fair Oaks and several skirmishes; trans, to Vet. Reserve Corps, Aug. 17, 1863; dis. Sept. 19, 1864. Henry Sharp, 2il lieut., Co. F. EnI'd Sept. 10, '61 ; seriously wounded at Fair Oaks ; afterwards pro. to capt. 21st Regl. col, troops. James W. Dyer, Co. F. EnI'd Oct. 2, 1861 ; wounded at Cold Har- bor, and died of wounds at .\lexaiidria, Va,, July 17, 1864. Norwood R. Dyer, Co. F. EnI'd Oct. 3, 1861; dis. Oct. 29, 1862, for disability. Lewis N. Holdcn, sergt., Co. F. EnI'd Sept. 16, 1861 ; in battles of - Seven Pines and Fair Oaks ; wounded on picket: dis. Aug. 1, '62. Henry .M. Sheldnn. Co. C. Knl'd Sept. 16. 1861 ; served nine nionlbs; discharged for disability. Frederick Johnson, Co. F. Enlisted Oct. 14, 1861 ; wounded in the shoulder in battle of Fair Oaks; dis. Oct. 6, 1862. Isaac W. Bunn, Corp., Co. F. Enlisted Aug., 1.S61 ; killed in battle of CobI Harbor, June 3, 1861, and burioil on the field. Edward Bunn, Co. F. Enlisted Sept. 12, 1861 ; in bullies of Swift Creek, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg: dis. Sept. 16, 1864. John Hugunin, Corp., Co. A. Enlisted Oct. lii, 1861 ; in battles of Yorktown and Seven Pines; dis. Dec. 21, 1863 ; rc-cniistcd in same CO. Jan. 1, '64; in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and shot in front of Petersburg, Aug. 22, 1864. Daniel C. Calkins, Co. F. EnI'd Sept. 23, 1861 : in bailies of Seven Pines, White Oak i^wamp, and .Malvern Hill: dis. September 20, 1804. John Wilber, Co. B. EnI'd Dec. 15, 1801 ; in battles of Seven Pines, Fair Oak.«, and siege of Charleston ; dis. March 5, 1861 : re-en- listed March 5, 1864, in same co. ; in battle of Wilderness, and killed al Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Martin Chesbro, ]irivale, Co. F. Enlisted Sept., 1861; dis. for dis- ability .March, 1863. Geo. B. Coats, drummer, Co. F. EnI'd Sept., 1801 : in battle of 2d Bull Run : killed at battle of South Mountain, Sept., 1862. Christopher Wilber. Co. D. Enlisted Dec. 10, 1861 ; dis. for disab'y June, 1862. Frank London, Co. B. Enlisted Sept., 1S61. Lorenzo U. Kcnyon, Co. . F.nliated Aug., 1882 : in battle of Cbancellorsvillo ; killrtl at Octtr^burg. Robert \V. ,Scott, Co. D. GnlisleJ Aug. 21, 1S62; in l>atllci= of Wil- dornc«« and twenty others; at Lcc'a surrender; discharged June 7, I.tfia. Wni. II. Wat-ion, sergoani, Co. D. Enlisted Aug. 2(1, ISI12; in battles of Mint* Uun ami Lnurol Hill; wounded; ilii'ch. May 1.1, IS(i5« Chaunccy H. Booth, eorp., Co. D. Enl'd Aug. 2.1, 1802: in battles of Cbancellorsville and (iellysburg: taken priBonor July 24, I8|>6. Stephen 8. Hortcn, sorgt., Co. A. Knl'd Sept. 6, l.><('>2: in battles of Wilderness, Spotlsylvanin, Cold Harbor, and before Petersburg: discharged Feb. 1.3, 18115. Amos D. Fuller, corporal, Co. D. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1862: died at Camp Morris, Nov. 1, 1S(12, and buried at Fulton. Ale^anJer Iluletl, captain, Co. D. Enlisted Aug. 8, 1802; resigned soon after. John B. Sicrnburgh, Co. E. Enlisted Sept. 10, 1802 ; discharged Feb., 18B3, for disability. I>avid Slay, Co. D. Enlisted Aug. 2.1, 1862; died of typhoid fever at Falmouth, Va., June 11, 180,1. Cyrus E. Brown, corporal, Co. 1). Enlisted Aug. 22, 1802; in battles of Wilderness, Clmncellorsville. and others; severely woundctl at ticttyeburg: discharged June 2.1, 180j. Loren K. Clark, Co. A. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1802; wns in hospital most of the time: discharged for disability, Sept. 2.>, istilt. Abiathur Clark, Co. A. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1802; was in battles of Chnncellorsville, tiettysburg; was wounded at battles of NVildor- ness. alsoat Hatcher's Run; ilischargcil May 111. 1S05. George L. Woods, Co. A. Enlisted Aug. 22. IS(12 : in battle of Chan- cellorjiville: soon after transferred to Invalid Corps. Panlon Raymond, Co. A. Enlisted Aug. II, 1S62; served a short time : left. Loomis Myrick,Co. E. Enlisted Aug. II, 1862 ; in battles of Wilder- ness, Cold Harbor, Hatcher's Run, and several others : discharged June, 1S65. Ilenry Trask, corporal, Co. U. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1862; was in bat- tles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Weldon R. R., etc, seventeen in all ; discharged June 7. 1805. Filch Fondo. Co. I). Enlisted Aug. 20, 1802; in battles of Wilder- ness, Weldon R. R. ; taken prisoner Juno 22, 1804 ; starved to death at Andersonville, October 2, 1804. Erwin Fonda, corporal, Co. I). Enlisted August 25, 1802 ; in battles of Wilderness. Cbancellorsville, Hatcher's Run ; slightly wounded in first ; discharged June 20, 1805. Williiiin H. Cook, Co. D. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1802 ; transf. to Bnt. I,, 1st N. V. Art.; discharged on oceount of broken leg, Sept. 12, 1863. Nathan Rowlee, corporal, Co. A. Enlisloil Aug, 21, 1802; died of chronic iliurrha Dec. 22, 1802; body brought homo and buried nt Hubbard's Corners. Joseph W. Distin, Co. D. Enlisted Aug. 22, 1802 ; in several battles ; killed at Gettysburg. July 1, ISO;t. Alfred Austin, sergt., Co. A. Enlisted Aug. 4, 1802 : taken pri.^'oncr at tiettysburg: starvecl to death at .Andersonville, June, 1804. John K. Church, Co. O. Urafled Aug. 14, 180.1 ; at battles of Wildor- uess, Petersburg, Lee's surremler; discharged July 3, lsli5. Benton Holbrook, Co. G. Drafted Aug. 14, 1801; in battles of the Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvauia; wounded at Hatcher's Run; discharged July 3, 1805. Grove H. Dutton, sergt., Co. I). Enlisteil Sept. 5, 1802; in buttles of AV'ilderness, Spottsylvania, Gravelly Run; severely wounded at Gettysburg; dischargeil June 20, 1805. John S. Butler. Enlisted Aug. 21, 1802: killed in battle of Gettys- burg, July I. 1801. George Wa.-hburn, Co. I). Enlisted Aug. 27, 1802; disch. for dis- ability, January 10, 1803. George W. Briggs, sergt., Co. O. Enlisted Sept. 21, 1802; in Hatcher's Run battle; f Fredericksburg and Chanoollorsville ; dis. for disab'y. Newton H. Fuller, Bnttcry F, Isl Light Art. Enid Sept. 12, 1861 ; in battles of .Slatersvillc and West Point : dis.; re-enl'd same regt. Garducr I). tJould, sergt.. Battery V, .Id Light Art. Enl'd Jan., 1S64 : at siege of Charleston, .S. C. : discharged July, 186j. ' Mcram D. .Smith, 24lh Cav. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; discharged July 19, 1866; was in 24th Inf. Daniel Warner, Co. A, 12th Cav. Enl'd .\ug. 15, IS62; was in bat- tles of Tarboru' and Plymouth; woundeil ; taken prisoner, and died at Andcrsonville prison in Oct., 1864. George M. Butler, Co. A, 24th Cav. Enlisted Deo. 25, 186.3: died of disease, March 28. 1864 Thomas Leslie, 1st lieut., Co. I, 24th Cav. Enlisted Jan. 3, 1864 ; in battles of .Spottsylvania, Wilderness, Cold Harbor; discharged July 1, 1865. Christopher Cook, Co. I, 64th Inf. Enl'd Aug., 186.1 ; taken prisoner Oct. 14, 1863: died at Andcrsonville about July. Is64. Charles A. Osborn, Co. A, 24lh Cav. Enl'd Dec. 15. 1863; in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Poplar Grove; discharged July 19, 1865. Charles C. Hoblcn, corp., Baltery 0, 1st Light Art. Enl'd Aug. 27, 1863; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvaniu, unci Petersburg; discharged June 21, 1865. John F. Holden, Co. A, 24th Cav. Enl'd Jan. is, l.siVI ; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, nntl before Petersburg; discharged Aug. I'J, 1865. William Waters, Co. L, 24th Cav. Enid Jan. 17. \M\\: in bailies of Cold Harbor. Spottsylvania, an. lOlh Cav. Enl'd Aug. 23, 1862 ; dis. Itec. 36, 1863; re-enl'd quart. -mast, sergt., same regt.. Dee. 31, 1S63; discharged July I, 1865. David Osborn, sergt., Co. B, 12th Cav. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862; in battle of Tarboro'; discharged July 111, 1865. Stephen Laishley, sergt., Co. B, 12th Cav. Enl'd Aug. 20, 1862; in battles Tarboro', Rock Uun, Kochclle Creek ; dis. July ID, 1865. John .Candors, Co. A, 12th Cnv. Enl'd Aug. 20, 1862; in battle of Plymouth, N. C; taken pris.,nnd d. at Andersonville, Sept. 24, '64. James Sweet, Bat. F, 1st Light Art. Enl'd Dec, '63 ; dis. June 20, '65. Daniel W. Fox. private, Co. A, 24th Cav. Enl'd Jan. 7, 1864; in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and before Petersburg, where he was killed, Jan. 17, 1865. Joseph Sweet, Battery F, 1st Light Art. Enl'd Dec, 1803; died on furlough, winter of 1864-65. Joseph Guyalt, Baltery H, Ist Light .\rt. Enlisted Dco.,*1863; dis- charged June 20, 1865. Joseph Church, Battery F, Ist Light ,\rt. Enl'd in LSOl ; rc-enl'd; in battle of While House, Va. George L. Wright, Co. H. 0th II. Art. Enl'd Jan. 3. 1863; in battle of Cold Harbor; died at City Point, June 20, 1864. Edward Wright, Co. A, 24lh Cav. Enl'd Dec. », 1863; in battle of Grove ChuTch and before Petersburg; discharged July 10, 1805. William Covillc, Co. II, 24th Cav. Enl'd Jan. 15. 1861; discharged June 26, 1865. Edward Osborn, Co. B, 12th Cav. Enl'd Aug. 21, 1862; was in bat- tles of Tarboro' and Uocky Itun: discharged July 10, 1865. Franklin La Duke, Co. I, 24(h Cav. Enl'd Jan. 4, 1S64; in battles of Wilderness. Spott.sylvania, and Pelersburg; d. at City Point. Marcus Southworth,Co. E, 24th Cav. Enl'd Deo. 31, 1863; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and before Peters- burg ; discharged July I, 1805. Gardner S. Perry, Co. D. 50th Engineers. Enl'd Aug. 21, 1861 ; in battle of Fredericksburg; dis. Feb. 14, 1864; re-enlisted in same regt., and discharged Juno, 1865. Benjamin Perry, Co. D, 50th Engineers. Enlisted Dec., 1863; dis- charged June 13, 1865. Michael .Murphy, Co. C. 12th Inf. Enlisted Apr. 20, 1861 ; killed in battle of 1st Bull Kun, July 19, 1861, being the first inan killcil from this town. Eugene Drummond, private, Co. H, 48th Inf. Enlisted March 8, 1865; dis. Sept. I, 1865. Roswell P. Taylor, Co. A, 12th Cav. Enl'd Aug. 13, 1862; in battle of Tarboro'; taken prisoner; died at Annapolis. Aug. 4, 1863. Storrs E. Heath, Co. F, 75th Inf. Enl'd Oct. 16, 1801 ; was in battle with gun-boats; dis. Aug. 3, 1803; re-cnl'd in Co, A, 184th Kegt., Aug. 22, 1804; promoted to sergt. in battle of Cedar Creek; discharged with regt. Daniel Broughlon, Co. B, 12tb Cav. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862 ; in battle of Tarboro', N. C; dis., July 19, 1865, with reg't. Henry Knapp, Corp., Co. A, 24lh Cav. Enlisted Dec. 4, 1863 ; in battles of Wilderness and Cold Harbor; taken prisoner, and died at Andcrsonville, July 31, 1864. Had enlisted iu Co. E, 24lh Inf., May 0, 1801, and been discharged Aug., 1861. Charles Kuapp, Co. K, 15th Cav. Enlisted Aug. 4, 1862; in battles of Piedmont, New Market; taken prisoner at Mentbcrg, kept at Andcrsonville several months. William F. Ingall, Co. A, 12th Cav. Detailed to hospital sorvico ; dis. with regt. July 3, 1865. James Fo.\, 2d 11. Art. Enlisted March 4, 1804. No record. Joseph Clock. Co. A, 24th Cav. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; in battles of Wiblerness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg; dis. .^ug. 22, 1865. Lewis Bush, Co. F, 1st L. Art. Enl'd Dec. 17, 1863; dis. June 20, '65. John W. Van Valkenburgli, capt., Co. D, 12th Cav. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1863: in battles of Tarboro', Washington, and Newbern, N. C. ; resigned in 1865. James A. Heaton, corp., Co. A. Enlisted Dec. 9, 1863: in battles of .spottsylvania, Colil Harbor, and Peterslturg ; dis. June 26, 1865. Ephraim Morin, 2d lieut., Co. D, 12lh Cav. Enlisle.l Aug. 21, 1862; in battle of Tarboro', X. C. : taken prisoner, and ilied in Charles- ton, .S. C, prison. Henry J. Dunhain, Co, D, 50th Engineers. Enlisted Sept. 10, 1861 ; dis. for disability in fall of 1862, and re-enlisted in Co. A, 24th Cnv., and died on furlough.* Feb. 14, 1865. Eber Hubbard, Co. A, 12lh Cav. Enlisted Sept., 1802 ; in battles of Tarboro". Kingston, and Newborn: dis. July 19, 1805. Oscar Hart, Co. D, 5l>Ib Engineers. Enlisted in 1801 ; in battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg: ro-cnlifltcd in 5th Veteran Keservo after serving first term. Abial W. Laws, sergt., Co. B, 12th Cav. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1802; in battles of Tarboro", Washington, and Five Forks, \. C.\ prom'd commissary sergt.: dis. July 19, 1865. Eli C. Scrier, Co. B, 12th Cav. Enlisted September 0, 1802: di.sch. Dec, 1802, for disability. David M. Calkins, Co. 11, llUh Inf. Enlisted Aug. 17, 1864; in battle of Weblon Uailroad: in front of Petersburg: taken prisoner at South Side Uailroad: dis. June 16, 1865. John L. Gates, Co. 1), 193d Inf. Enl'il .March 16, 1865. Loren Austin, 24th Cav. Enlisted Nov. 30, 1863: in battles of Wil- derness and Cold Harbor: wouniled before Petersburg by a ball passing through his left eye; dis. June 15, 1865. Hiram Knde, Co. B. I2lh Cav. Enlisted Aug. 18, 18(12; killed in battle of Tarboro', N. C, July 20, 1863. George W. .McDougnll, private, llth Art. Enlisted April 18, 1864; re. enl'il in Co. A, 20th Cav., Sept. 21, 1864 : dis. Juno 17, 1865. Edward Gibbons, Co. B, 16th. Enlisted Feb. 7, 1865. William Fitx Gibbons, sorgt., Co. B, lOth. Enlisted Feb. 17, 1864; in battles of Murfreesboro', Chattanooga. Atlanta, and others. Asa Andrews, Co. K, 9th H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 31, 1863 ; in battle of Cold Harbor: dis. May 18, 1865. Abram Hanchet, Co. A, 24th Cav. Knlislod Jan. I, 1864; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North .Anna, and Petersburg ; dis. July, l.sOi. llusea Faster, Co. A, 24lh Cnv. Enlisted Dec. 7, 1803; in battles HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 261 of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Spottsylvania, and Petersburg ; wounded at Dinwiddle Court-House; dis. June 18, 1865. William Rocklellow, sergt., Co. II, 185th. Enlisted Sept. 3, 1864; in battles of Hatcher's Run, Five Forks, and Lee's surrender; dis. May 25, 1865. Lewis Shier, Co. A, 24th Cav. Enlisted Oct. .3, 1863; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, and Cold Harbor; dis. July 13, 1865. John Shier, 24lh Cav. Enlisted Oct. 3, 1863 ; in same battles and dis. same day as Lewis. Herman W. Elmer, 12th Cav. Enlisted Aug. 14, 1862; in battle of Plymouth, N. C. ; taken prisoner and kept till close of war ; dis. Aug. 7, 1865. Henry M. Stanton, Co. C, 20th Cav. Enlisted Aug. 16, 1863 ; died at Jacksonville, Fla., Sept. 24, 1864. Martin Parker, Co. E, 24th Cav. Enlisted Dec. 22, 1863 : in battles of Wilderness ; taken pri,»ital, Va. .\nthony Ro.leriek, 12th Cav. Enl'd in 1862; discharged. John Van Wick Hart, Co. A, 12th Cav. Enl'd July, 1863; disch. 262 UlSTOUI UF OSWEGO COL'NTl', .NEW YORK. David H. Case, Co. 11, 24th Cav. Enl'J Apr. 'Jl. ■fi4 : dis. Juno 26, 'CS. Milo S. Warner, Co. A, 24lh Cav. Knl'.l Mar. 25, ■64 ; a large farm on lots I'.i'd and 133, the title of which has since remained with the descendants of the family. William settled on lot 118. Lorenzo remained on the homestead, and Lyman, a jihysieian, pureha.sed a small piece of land on the northwest of the corners. Judge Bates built a tavern one and a half stories in height, on the southwest of the corners, where, after 1817, thi^ building having been enlarged and rebuilt, he was suc- ceeded as host by many others. About 181 G Rufus Tif- fany .started a store adjoining the Bales tavern, which after some time was .sold to Milton Harmon, and in turn to Leander Parkhurst. An ashory and distillery also eom- inenced operations here about this time. The Bapti.st church edifice was built in 1820, and the year following I'aul Allen erected a second tavern, situated a short distance south of the corners and on the east side of the road. Jo.sejdi Devendorf started a tannery and shoeniaking es- tabli.shment in 1822, which was soon pureha.sed by Truman Rood ; and Marshall Fairehiids commenced the manufac- ture of hats. Alvin Richardson and D. Markham were early blacksmiths. The ]iost-offiee at Colosse was among the first established in the county, it being on the old mail- route between Syracuse and Watertowii. The mail was carried each way once a week. MEXICO VILLAGE. This village was originally cilled Jlexicoville ; subse- quently it received its present name. The first settlements of the town were in other portions of it, but at a very early day this biicamc the nucleus of a busy colony. Nathaniel Rood, as before staled, was the pioneer of Mexico village. In 1812 there were situated within its present limits seven houses. Matthias AV'hitney, in February of that year, having jmr- chascd seventy-five acres of land on the east side of what is now Church street, and of a line extending north in pro- longation of that street, moved into a log house situated on the site of Sharra's blacksmith-shop. His nearest neigh- bor was Rufus Richardson, whose frame hou.se, the second in the village, stood on the site of the present residence of James Driggs. Phineas Davis' log house was situated nbotit thirty rods northeasterly from the present residence of his son Phineas, and John Morton, a settler of 1801, had located on the village lot now owned Viy Jos. Simons. Mr. Aldridge's cabin stood on the village lot now owned by J. AVhyburn, and the house of Leonard Ames on the site of the ]irescnl ri'sidence of Mrs. Sanniel Smith. On tlie village lot now owned by his grandson, John Alfred, Shubai;! Alfred had built the first frame house in Jlexico village. Its dimensions were twenty by twenty- four feet. Mr. A.'s house and barn must have been sancti- fied in after-years by many precious associations and memo- ries, as they were both n)ade sanctuaries. An old resident informs us that he distinctly remembers of seeing tlie Lord's Supper administered in the former. The barn was occu- jiied as a place for schools at different times; and in one iusliince the little educational institution in it had to be moved from the main part into the stable, because the floor was needed for the thrashing of grain. How the children succeeded in keeping their thoughts on their ,>-tudies we are not infonned. Twenty years ago a former resident of the town, vi.>iting from the west his old friends here, went about among the dear haunts of his boyhood, and said that the only really '' familiar spot he found in Mexico was Shu- bad Alfred's kitchen." It was built in 1807, and is still standing. About 1813 George King.-^bury built the third frame building in the village, which was occupied by hiui both as a residence and as a cloth-dressing establishment. John Morton built a .*aw-mill in 1S04 where "(loil's mill'' iujw stands, and a lew years later rigged up a run of .stone in one corner for grinding corn. This was (|uite an improve- ment upon the stump method of smashing grain, and was , largely patronized. People came from Sciiba and even from Oswego to get their grinding done, bringing their gri.sts upon llieir backs and returning in the sinne way. In l.Sll this jiroperty was purchased by JI. Whitney, who put in another run of stone, and about 1827 by Den- nis Peck. The latter was succeeded in the biisines.s first by William and afterwards by David Goit, who in turn sold to its present owner A. C. Thomas. T. S. Morgan and JIatthew McNair, of Oswego, as early as 1818 built a store, distillerj', and ashcry. The latter with an oil-mill occupied the west bank of the stream on the north side of the road. The store was situated on the village hit now owned by L. F. Alfred, and run by Wm. Fitch, an early postmaster ; afterwanls by James Lamb and Elias May. Mr. Fitch about 1S27 built the second store, which, having been remodeled, is now the billiard-saloon kept by Win. Simons. The distillery of Morgan it McNair was run by Simon Tul- ler until 1S3S, when it was succeeded by tliat of Lamb, Webb & Tuller. The first hotel was built by M. AVhilney, in 1823, on the present site of the Mexico House. Jabin Wood started a tannery in 1825, and soon after built the first .shoe-.shop. He was sucet-eded in the tanning business by Archibald Ross, and the latter by William Merriam. The .southwest corner of the present Church and .Main streets was early owned by Daniel Miirdoek. and at his death its title was purchased by Nathaniel Butler, the lirst jeweler. In 1825, Basaliel Thayer started a wool-carding and cloth- dressing establi.shment, situated on the site of the eastern one of the two mills owned by A. C. Thomas. Peter Chandler built and kept a brick store, at an early day, situated on tlie site of the dry goods store of Stone, Robin.son & Co. Here Mr. Chandler carried on an exten- sive business. Samuel and Benjamin Stone, formerly his i clerks, are now prominent merchants in the |>lace. George and Ran.soni Butler also kejil a store here at an early day. j John Martin built the Park Hotel, which is still standing. ; .Mexii'o, located as it wxs in the centre of a wealthy agricultural region, rajiidly rose in importance, until to-day it is one of the most thriving and plea.sant towns in the county. Below are given its most prominent bnsiin^s interests : Millns. A. C. Thomas, iiriijiiielor of the Toronto and State mills, Rubbins it Son. %■%% HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOllK. 267 Planing-mUl, Homer Ames. Planing- and smc-iniH, Edward Ames. Tuh-manufactory, S. N. Gustin. Sash, blind, and door factory, Williams. Foundry and machine tcorks, Robert Bews. Tannery, J. McKennelly. Carriage-mamifacturers, Lewis Miller, George Penfield. Hardware merchants, Stotic, Hood & Co., suecassoi-s to B. S. Stone ; T. G. Brown. Dry goods merchants, H. C. Peck & Son, J. R. Norton, Stone, Robinson & Co., Becker Bros., E. Rulison. Druggists, John C. Taylor, E. L. Huntington. Grocery and crockery stoi-es, Fred. Tuller, Goit & Cas- tle, Cobb & Woodruff. Produce-dealer, Judson Hoose. Baker and grocer, J. Whyburn. Grocer and butter-dealer, L. G. Ballanl. Books, stationery, and news-room, L. L. Virgil. Furniture store, C. P. Whipple. Undertaker, William Ely. Boots and shoes, L. L. Alexander, S. Parkhurst, C. T. Croft.. Jewelers, R. L. Alfred, George G. Tubbs. Ifarness-shojjs, George Pruyne, Jacob Brown. Postmaster, L. F. Alfred. Besides, the place contains the banking-office of L. H. Conklin, three hotels (Mexico House, Empire House, Bar- rett House), an academy, tiiree district schools, five churches, a cheese-factory, and the number of shops and markets com- mon to a place of its size. Mexico was incorporated January 15, 1851, and the following trustees elected for the ensuing year: 0. H. Whitney, C. D. Snell, James S. Chandler, David Goit, and Asa Sprngue. The corporate bounds contain .six hundred and thirty-five and sixty-one one-hundredth acres of land, and its population is about fifteen hundred. The Mexico Independent, a hand.sonie and iiro.sperous .sheet, is published liere, and also the Deaf Mutes' Journal, both of which are mentioned more at length in the chapter on tlie press. MEXICO VILLAGE CEMETERY. Tills cemetery was established in 1838, and the first burial therein was that of Luther S. Conklin, in September of that year. It includes eleven acres of land nicely loca- ted and beautifully laid out in winding walks and drives, ornamented with shade and evergreen trees. The first trustees wore James S. Chandler, John Ben- nett, and Calvin Goodwin. The first addition was made Jlay 11, ISOl, by L. H. Conklin, including lots from 105 to 2t;5, inclusive. April 1, 1873, lut.s from 200 to 494, inclusive, were added by the corporation. EARLY SICKNESS — RO.IDS — FIUES. The early settlers did not escape the usual diseases con- se(juent upon opening the lands to the sun, the decomposi- tion of vegetable matter, and the existence of miasmatic swamps. During the year 1812 there was a sweeping epidemic through this whole region, in some of its symp- toms strongly resembling Asiatic cholera ; so fatal was tliis disease and so wide-spread were it.s ravages that many died for want of proper care. Physicians from the older settle- ments came in and rendered timely and valuable service to the inhabitants. In 1820 a fatal form of dysentery prevailed, carrying off many of the people. Almost every family furnished one or more victims to its ravages. Ague and bilious fevers were common for many years along the lake-coast. These diseases alone probably carried off more than one-half of all who located here during the first twenty years. The roads for many years, as a matter of couree, were not of the best, and were much of the time impassable, the principal means of communication between different points being by Indian paths and marked trees. The first road of any pretensions in this region was constructed by Mr. Scriba, from Constantia to Vera Cruz, now Mexico Point, connecting the proposed cities. The original road from Mexico to Oswego passed in a westerly direction through what is now known as the Cheever district, in New Haven, and from there it followed the beach of the lake. How- ever, at this period there was but little connnunication be- tween the places, as what is now Oswego city contained but two frame houses and a warehouse. The highways in the immediate vicinity of Mexico village received early attention from the settlers. An incident is related of Leonard Ames and Walter Everts which may throw some light upon the state of the roads in those days. Mr. Everts had been out to some of tlie eastern settlements to procure provisions. Returning with his load, he got stalled in the mud some fourteen miles from home, on what is now the road from Colosse to Cau)- den. His harness was broken and his horse fast in the mire. For hours he labored by all possible means to extri- cate himself, but without success. He was about to aban- don all, but at this juncture Mr. Ames came up with his family, on his way to Mexico. He cut his shoe-strings into projier dimensions for sewing, pried open his chest, and took out his awl. The hariie.ss was soon rejiaired, the horse lifted from his inglorious and unjileasant po.sition, and all went on rejoicing. Mexico has been celebrated for its many fires. The first building consumed by fire was the cabin known as the " Gafford place," owned by Nathaniel Rood and occupied by Calvin Tiffany, formerly by Mr. Tiffany and Phineas Davis. Early in February, 1801, the former being absent from home, a fire caught in some tow overhead and the building burned down. Mrs. Tiffany, her child (Rufus), and the hired man were the only witnesses. The second fire occurred in 1807, destroying the dwelling owned by Richard Gafford. In July, 1864, a very destructive and alarming conflagra- tion took place in Mexico village, which reduced seventeen buildings, on the south side of Main street, to heaps (if buin- ing ruins in two hours. The loss was sixty-seven tlumsand dollars. A fire in July, 186C, on the op)in.site side of the street destroyed property to the anicmnt nf twenty-fiinr thousand dollars. SCIKIOL HI.STOIIV. Improvements of every kind went hand in hand, and cveiy effort was made, from the first, to advance the interests of this small handful of people. Schools were not forgotten, 2G8 IIISTOUV OF OSWEGO COUJS'TV, iNEW lOUK. althuu^li for several yeans it Mas iIu|>o^^.sible lu uiuintain u ticliool. As late as 1814 it is said that lliere witi,- but fuur- toeii adult males in the lowii. The tirst sehoul ^Vil^i taught in 1806, \>y Saiifurd UdUglass, at Colosse. The earliest geliool in Mexico vilhijie was taught by Harriet Eastim, in Shubael Aliivd's barn, in 1811. The surviviiif; jiupils of this school in Oswofro County arc Roland Crownian, Silas Ibvis, and Mrs. O. Whitney in O.swego, and Mrs. Thomas Webb and William Ames in Mexico. The first public movement made for stlmols was in 181H. The proceedings of the meeting for this purpose we give as recorded : " At a special town-meeting held at the house of Calvin Till'any, June '^, 18115, in compliance with the act for the establishment of common schools, S. Palmer, I'ctcr Pratt, and Jotiathan Wing were chosen commis- sioners of coinmiin schools in said town, ami Tienothy Norton, Deiiison Palmer, Kiijali Everts, Williaiii 1>. Wight- man, Jos. Bailey, and Elias Brewster, inspectors of said schools. Voted, to allow the school commissioners seventy- five cents per day fur their services, and to rai.se by tax on said town, for the use of said schools, sixty dollars." Tlu'n follows the divi.sion of the town into school districts. The pioneer school-house of Mexico was constructed of logs, and situated near the ground formerly occupied by the East Presbyterian church. As originally formed, school district No. 5 was three n)ilcs from north to south and two and one-half miles from ca.st to west. A strip half a mile wide was soon added on the east side. Black creek then divided the district into two nearly equal portions; that lying on the west side being still known as No. 5, while the east side became No. 8. On the 8th of May, 1810, districts 5 and 8 were consolidated in one grand district, including the whole of the present districts 7, 8, and 0, and parts of seven other districts. This movement was made with the idea of erecting a building two stories high ; the ordinary di.strict school to be kept on the lower room, while the upper story should be devoted to the purposes of a high school. THE .MEXICO ACADE.MV. From this dates the commencement of the Mexico acad- emy, one of the oldest .schools of its class in the State. It was incorporated in 1828, and has always pro.s])ered, not- withstanding the burden of it.s baptismal name, — Bensselaer . Oswego academy, — which it retained for twenty years. The first board of tru.stees were as follows: Elias Brewster, president; Avery Skinner, secretary; Peter Pratt, treasurer; Chester Ilayden, Nathaniel Butler, .Muses P. Hatch. J)avid K. Dixon, Scth Severance, James Abel, Orris Hart, U. Curtisij, William Williams, Oliver Ayer, John A. Paine, Henry Williams, O. 15. Davis, Samuc'l Kinery, and .M. W. Sonlbworlh. The location first selected for the building was the place where the late Milton Byington lived, about three-fourths of a mile east of the Park hotel. This was a eomiiromi.se between the rival settlements of Prattville and Mexico. The brick and materials for its construction at this place were procured; but the advocates of the jiresent site pre- vailed, and the other point was abandoned. At that day this was a great undertaking, and many made great sacrifices to aid in its erection. The walls were not completed until late in December, no roof had been put on, and it was feared that the frost would destroy the walls, jso that the toil and strng;..:le of nearly a year would come to naught. Tlic ready wit and will of Captain L. Ames sug- gested relief — thai of drying the walls by fin- in the inside. He detailed companies of young men, with the injunction, " Boys, whenever the fire burns low roll in more logs, pile on more limbs." Thus day after day and night after night uncea.-iing fire was kept up, until the walls were thoroughly dry. Dennis Peck heated water in a caldron kettle with which to make mortar to cjirry up the gable endi, and the building was soon completed. John Howard was installed teacher of the high sehool, and Laura Fi.'-h was placed in control of the other depart- ment. A subscription amounting to fifteen hundred and twenty-nine dollars was obtained, and in 1830 a wooden structure twenty-eight by fitly feet, and three stories in height, was erected immediately in front of and adjoining the old brick building. The latter formed a rear extension to the more jiretenti(Uis edifice then ereeteil. From this jtcjiiit the academy a.ssumed a position as one of the most successful in the State. The otl's[>ring of the common school, it has become the mother of schools. Where there was one, now are tens. Its principals, beginning in 182U, have been successively as follows: Mason Southworlh, E. Dorchester, White, - — — Brooks, Shepard, 0. H. Whitney, Ma.son South- worth, (jeorge Hapgood, B. I. Diefendorf, Bussel Whiting, AV. II. Gillespie, George Hapgood, W. H. Gillespie, E. E. Bragdon, A. Davison, W. H. uillcipie, John U. French, J. D. Steele, B. F. Potter, A. B. Dunlap, S. 11. Adams, William H. jMcLaughlin, William II. Reese, S. M. Coon, and in 1874 Charles E. Havens. ClVir, HISTORY. The first town-meeting, utjder the .second org;iniy,ation, was apjioiuled by law to be held on April 1, ITilO, at the house of John Meyer, in Rotterdam (now Constantia i. Probably the inhabitants failed to hold town-meeting on this date. They certainly held none the next year, and fur that reason the officers of 1797 were appointed by three justices of Herkimer county, of which Mexico was then a part. John Myer was appointed supervisor; Oliver Ste- vens, town clerk; Amos Matthews, Solomon Waring, and Luke Mason, asses.sors ; Amos Matthews and Solomon Waring, overseers of the poor; Solomon Waring, collector, and Elijah Carter, constal)le. The justices of the peace, prior to ISIG, were ajipointcd by the "council of a)ipoint- ment," the governor being the presiding officer, and having llie easting vote. In 17!l''^, Isaac .Mdeli. of Willianislowii, John W. niiiouilield, of Rotterdam; Benjamin Wright, of Vera Cruz ; Joseph Strickland, of Redfield ; and Samuel Royce, of Camden, were apjiointed justices of the jieaee. Further ajipointmenls were made as follows: Reuben Ilmuilton, of the present town of Mexico, in 1800 ; in 1804, Ebeiiezer Wright, of what is now \'olney ; in 1805. Reuben Hamilton. Samuel Till'any, and William Burk, of Scriba; in ISOti, William Cole, of Mexico, and Thomas Nutting, of Parish ; in 1807, David Williams, of Mexico, and David Ea.ston, of New Haven; in 1808, Reuben Res AND Factory or- S. ' IM^PROA^ED AN I M AL P O K E A n"d SI f^ M' ■ -^m 'm iM T U B «: PAI L m 1 1 WORKS. 'SB!'' ^ Mexico, N.Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 269 Burk, and John Nutting; in 1810, Hamilton, Will Joseph Bailey, of New Haven, and Dyer Buinliam, of Mexico; in 1811, David Williams, David Eastou, Peter Pratt, of Mexico; Jonathan Wing and Joseph Bailey, of New Haven; in 1813, Benjamin Wright and Peter Pratt; 1814, David Wing; and in 1815, Solomon Everts, of Mexico, and Paul Allen, of Parish. The first town-meeting, so fiir as known, was held at the house of John Myer, April 3, 1798, and the following offi- cers elected : John Myer, supervisor ; Benjamin Wright, town clerk ; John Bloomfield, A. Matthews, Benjamin Gilbert, and Luke Mason, assessors ; Solomon Waring, col- lector ; Solomon Waring and Reuben Hamilton, overseers of the poor ; John W. Bloomfield, Reuben Hamilton, and Samuel Jarvis, commissioners of highways ; A. Matthews, Jared Shepard, and Abram Van Valkenburgh, constables ; Henry Fall and Amos Matthews, fence-viewers ; Samuel Royce, John Myer, and Benjamin Wright, school commis- sioners. Since 1798, the supervisors and justices of the peace are given below : Ditto. Supervisors. Justices of the Peace. 17H9. .Rculicn Hamilton. l.SIIO. " " 1801. ..Jon.ithan Parkharst. 1802. .Calviu Timmy. 1SII3. .Iloubeu llamilfnii. 1804. " IsOo. n a ISOI). .Dyer Burnhain. 1807. "*' " 1808. It (I 180U. .David Easton. isto. .Dyer Burnhain. 1811. .David Williiuns. 1812. • Dyer Burnh.'vm. ISIH. . '■• " • 1814. tl n 1815. l( it 1816. .Elias Brewster. 1817. . " " 1818. .David Burnhain. ISl'J. . " 1820. 1821. .Peter Pratt. 1822. .W. S. Fitch. • 182.1. .Peter Pratt. 1824. tl tt 1825. It tt 1820. tl It 1827. tt It 1828. It tt 1829. .Joseph Lamb. 1830. .Joseph W. Houghton. Joseph ^X. Houghton. 1831. « it Frederick Evarts. 1832. tt tt Elias Brewster. 1833. It It 0. H. Whitney. 1834. Henry Webb. 1835. .Luther S. Conklin. Frederick Everts. 1S.16. . " " Hiram Skinner. 1837. .Joseph Gowg. 0. 11. Whitney. 1838. .Charles Brewster. Alvin Richardson. 183'J. 1. (( V. (ircen. 1810. .Elias Brewster. Charles Betiedict. 1841. tl tt Ezra C. Mit.dull. 1S42, .Orville Robinson. Sydney D. .Markham. IS 43. .Starr ("lark. Hii'ani Parker. 1844. .Elias Brewster. David IJtirgliardt. 1845. .John M. Riehardson. Starr Clark. 1840. ft tt Le.inder Parkhurst, 1S47. tl It Orville Roberts. 1848. It It Gilbert V. Forsyth. 1849. .James S. Chandler. John B. Higgins. 1850. .Bradley Higgins. Asa Wing. 1851. tt t( Lucius Combs. 1852. tl tt Timothy W. Skinner. 1853. '• " Henry L. Cnie, 1S54. .L. D. Smith. Hiratu Fellows. 1855. (( tl Orville Roberts. 1850. .Calvin G. Hinckley. Timothy W. Skinner. 1857. .S. A. Fuller. Henry L. t'ole. 1858. ..M. Newell. S. B.'liarncs. 1859. " " A. F. Kellogg, Edwin .Mi dlani Date. Sup( rvisora. Justices of the Pence. 1.860. .Calvin S iiiith. John J. Lainoree. ISOI. .Leonartl Allies. Marcus I). Hicharilsi.n. 1862. .Seabury A. Fuller. S. li. Ijanics Alvin Kiehar< son 1803. •* Edwin C. .Mi.lhim. 1804. • ( " J. J. Lamoree. 1865. (( " Alvin Richardson. 1866. . " n S. IJ. V.suuvs. 1867. . " ft Edwin MiiUani. 1868. ..John C. Taylor. Alonzo Hungcrford. 1869. It *• Marcus D. Richardson. 1870. .'Wiliiain J. Monter. Henry F. ('olo. 1S71. " Edwin Midlani. 1872. '* " AU>i\'£0 D. lIuno:crford. 1873. " ft M. D. Richardson. 1874.. " t{ Hcnrv L. Cole. 1875. a " Edwin Midhiin. 1876. .Asa L. S ampson. Alvah Kclio^g. 1877. " " Robert II. Hakcr. TOWN ORDINANCES. We find in the town records of an early period some ordinances whicli to the present generation may seem some- what novel. April 7, 1801, it was "voted that no hog shall run at large without a goose-poke, eight inches above the neck and four inches below, small hogs in proportion, after the 10th of May next, until the 2Gth of October next." March 6, 1804, it was " voted that ten dollars be paid for each and every wolf killed in the town of Mexico the year ensuing." In 1812 this bounty was increased to thirty dollars. Daniel H. Southard is reported to have received from the town treasurer fifteen hundred dollars for wolf-scalps. During that year it was " voted thac any per- son belonging to the town of Mexico shall be entitled to receive six cents for each black, gray, or striped .squirrel, blue jay, or blackbird he shall kill within .said town." This was a rise on a former ordinance of four centji. ORGANIZATIONS. Mexico Lodge of F. and A. M. — This lodge was in- stalled at the hou.se of Samuel Rogers, January 24, 1808. An invitation had been previously given to brethren of the order to be present. The following were the first officers: Haynes Bennett, Master ; Anson Tenant, S. W. ; Samuel Cherry, J. W. ; Shubael Alfred, Trea.surcr; Martin Kellogg, Secretary ; Samuel Cole, S. D. ; and Levi Matthews, J. D. Others among the early members were S. Rogers, M. Way, D. Tubbs, William Cole, Joseph Baily, Joel Savage, Peter Pratt, John Howard, G. Winan, S. Bradncr, J. Boynton, G. Barnes, P. Hcsmer, Calvin Tiffany, and H. Davis. In June, 1810, S. Cherry succeeded Mr. Bennett as Master. The Morgan difficulty in 1826 resulted in the dissolution of the lodge, none of whose original members are now liv- ing. The present prosperous and stable lodge was instituted in 1848. Mexico C/icpfer, Nr). 135, of Roi/al Arch Musonx, was granted a dispensation from the grand chapter of the State of New York, December 12, 1850. It wsfe organized February 5, 1857, and the following officers duly installed: Basaliel Thayer, High Priest; Avery Skinner, King; Simon Leroy, Scribe ; J. E. Bloomfield, Secretary ; David Goit, Treasurer ; A. B. Simons, C. H. ; Stephen Pardee, P. S. ; Abner French, R. A. C. ; John Wood, M. lid V. ; 0. Rams- dell, M. 2d V. ; and Robert C. Kenyon, M. 1st V. B. Thayer held the office of H. P. until December, 1855, when Avery Skinner was chosen to that office. Mr. Skin- 270 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOKK. iicr was .succeeded as II. P., in 18GIJ, \>y L. II. Conklin, and lie in turn, in 1871, by T. W. Skinner, the present oeeujiant oF the position. Tiieir meetings uro held in Masonic hall, the second and fourth Wednesday evenings of each luonth. The pre.scnt menibersliip is about eighty-five. Mexico Teut, No. 85, N. O. of 1. li. — Their charter was granted July 20, 1876, to twenty-two members. Its first officers were D. C. Morse, P. C. R. ; J. A. Uickard, C. R. ; Frank Carpenter, D. R. ; John I). King, R. S. ; A. N. Benedict, F. S. ; T. Miller, Treasurer ; S. P. Gray, Secre- tary ; J. J. Runlick, Y. ; J. 0. Ballard, T. G. ; S. M. Bennett, 0. G. The membership is fifty-seven. The Degree Coun- cil contains forty-six members. COLOSSE BAPTIST CHURCH. A number of brethren in the town of Mexico, Oneida county, met at the house of Amos Williams, in the present town of Parish, Sunday, June la, 180C, and, after divine service by Elder Gamaliel Barnes, consulted on the subject of forming a church, and agreed to hold conference-meetings statedly, for further consultation. After several such meet- ings, they agreed on the 7th of January, 1807, to convene a council, in order to be recognized as a church ; but being dis- appointed by the councils not attending, and after several more consultations, they agreed on the 15tli day of October, 1807, to assume church authority, and labor under the regulations of the gospel. It was the first Baptist church organized in Oswego County, and the second of any denomi- nation. The only one anterior, to it was at Rodfidd, and this was the first in all central and western Oswego. This org;iniz;itiun continued till July 2, 1811, and then unani- mously (li^^.solved. A number of brethren, however, reconsidered the vote of dissart of the town ; took their name, and reported one hundred and fifteen members. S. Davison was pastor. Among the original members were Jonathan and Calvin Goodwin, Mrs. Robinson, Reuben Smith and his wife, and Calvin Tifl";iny. The church edifice was built and dedicited in 1833. Prior to this, meetings were held in Masonic hall. The edi- fice wa.s rebuilt in 1872, and dedicated by Rev. I. Butter- field on January 12 of the j'ear following. It is a brick structure, thirty-eight by fifty feet in size. A good- par- sonage is connected with the church property, which is valued at six thousand dollars. Succeeding Mr. Davison as pastors have been the follow- ing: Revs. Wm, Frary, Nelson Camp, S. Pomoroy, Anson Graham, D. MeKarland, N. Fergu.son, T. Theall, C. Hart.s- horn, J. Davis, S. S. Utter, G. R. Pierce, Lanson Muzzy, E. B. Hutchins, and J. II. McGahen, the present pastor, whose services coniuienced in January, 1877. The mem- bership of the church is eighty-two. There are a hundred and sixte-en scholars connected with the Sundaj'-school, of which E. W. Walworth is the superintendent. THE FIR.ST UXIVEKSALIST CHURCH OF MEXICO. Agreeably to previous notice a meeting was held April 12, 1832, at the school-hou.se in Mexicoville, by the friends of this denomination. O. Whiston was chosen moderator, and Charles B. Brown clerk. A constitution was framed, and the name of the " Universalist Society of Mexico" adopted. The ])arish organizjition consisted of twenty-four members. The first trustees were Alexander J. Danby, Avery Skinner, Jo.se[ph Lamb, Amos Church, and Pliny Sabin. Rev, O. Whiston became the fii-st piLStor, and was in turn respectively succeeded by the Revs. Charles B. Brown, Henry Van Canipen, 0. Wilcox, J. S. Kibbe, and William Sias. Ill lS4!t, during the pastoral labors of the last-named gen- tleman, there arose some dis.satislaction on the part of the members. The .society refused to be represented in the a.ssociation, and the mi?etings went down. The first meeting to revive the church was called and conducted by W. S. Goodell, January IG, 1853, at which time the parish organization wsw resuscitat«d. The church was legally orgjinized in 18G8, with fifteen members, and Rev. W. N. Barber was installed as |>astor. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. Jaraes Vincent, who in turn was followed by Rev. E. B. Cooper, the present pastor. The society consists of fifty-two mcmbei-s. The present hand.some and commodious church edifice was erected in 1870, and wiis dedicated in the fall of the same year by Rev. J. G. Bartholoujcw. The value of the church property is eight thousatid dollars. GRACE CHURCH, (BPiscoPAL) M[XICO, N.Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 273 THE WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH OF TEXAS. This society was organized, May 24, 1867, by Rev. L. N. Stratton ; the original number of members being about twenty. In 1868 a union meetinghouse was built, at an expense of sixteen hundred dollars. This building was destroyed by fire in December, 1871, and the present church edifice erected the summer following. The mem- bership of the church is forty-two, and its pastors have been Revs. L. N. Stratton, A. F. Denipey, G. L. Paine, and Edwin Barnet.son, — the last named of whom is now in charge. THE NORTH MEXICO METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Meetings were held at this point at quite an earl}' day. The present church was erected in the summer of 1846, by the Methodists and Baptists in union, with the under- standing tliat each should have the use of the house on alternate Sabbaths. In 1875 the members of the Metho- dist denomination purchased the interest of the Baptists, and meetings liave since been held by the former only. Prior to 1875 this was a branch of the Holmcsville society, and at present one pastor supplies both pulpits. The num- ber of members is sixty-two. Frederick, Adeline, Philo and Sally Everts, Joel and Electa Roberts, Benjamin and Sarah Midam, Mrs. Jos. Copp, Deacon and Lydia Manwarren, Samuel and Eunice Manwarren, James Manwarren, Davis and Mary Everts, Wm. and Louisa Manwarren, Lyman Loomis, Esther Roberts, Philander Ormsby, Thomas R. Hewlett, and Albert Everts were among the early members and supporters of the church. THE SOUTH MEXICO METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. A class was formed here and attached to the Mexico church at an early day. It afterwards became a part of the Palermo circuit, and remained as such until March 1, 1849, when the present society was organized and became a station. The number of members at this time was about one hun- dred and twenty ; the present number is one hundred. The church edifice was built the summer following and dedicated in March, 1851. The following is a list of those who have successively filled the office of pastor on the charge : Revs. Charles Northrop, Anson Toiler, Harris Kingsley, J. N. Brown, George Salisbury, Henry Holmes, J. R. Nichols, Nathaniel Salisbury, A. N. Damon, S. E. Brown, M. Thrasher, Wm. B. Joice, L. L. Adkins, Frederick Devitt, S. M. Crofoot, F. A. O'Farrell, and G. W. Bent, the present pastor. THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH OF MEXICO, situated in the southeast part of the town, is in a prosperous condition, and at present includes about seventy families. Meetings were held here as early as 1840. The church edifice was erected in 1843, there being connected with the society at that time sixty communicants. THE PROTESTANT LUTHERAN CHURCH OF MEXICO. No regular meetings have been held by this society for some time. It commenced with sixteen communicants; the present number is about twenty. The church edifice was erected in 1843, and dedicated the year folfowing. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. AVERY SKINNER. Avery Skinner was born at Westmoreland, New Hamp- shire, June 9, 179G, and died at Union Square, Oswego County, New York, November 24, 1876. He was the fourth of a family of nine children, two only of whom survive him, viz., John L., of Oneida, New York, and Dr. Albert G. Skin- ner, of Youngstown, New York. His brothers who died before him were Revs. Warren Skinner, of Vermont, and Dolphus Skinner, of Utica, New York, both of whom were well-known Universalist clergymen ; Hon. Alanson Skinner, ^--?/?^^'-Z-^^_' of Brownville, New York, at one time a State senator ; Bar- ton Skinner, of New Hampshire; and Hiram Skinner, of Union Square. The only sister was Mrs. Hiram Walker, of Union Square. They all attained advanced ages. Judge Skinner's boyhood was spent on a farm, where he acquired that fondness for agricultural pursuits which was always one of his distinguishing characteristics. He ob- tained a good common-school education, and attended Chesterfield academy, teaching winters to obtain funds to educate himself He knew he had his own way to make in the world, and in 1816, when twenty years of age, his father gave him the remaining year of his time, and he left home to work for himself In the spring of that year he worked three months in a brick-yard, near his native place, and earned enough money to start for the " west,'' and Oc- tober 8, 1816, he started on horseback for the then famous " Black River country." After a ten days' journey through the wilderness he reached Watertown, Jefl^erson county. New York, October 17, 18 K!, the jilace then containing less than four hundred inhabitants. He lived here over six years, engaging in business pursuits, in keeping books, and 274 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUiNTY, NEW YORK. very succc&sfully as a teacher in what was then the academy. In the spring of 18:i:{ ho .srttleJ at Union ^!i|Uiiro, when; he died. In that year lie built the public-house at that place, which still remains. He gave the place its name, and tlin)u;^li lii.s effort-s a mail-route and po.st-office were estab- lished, and lie was appointed postmaster, which position he helil, with the exception of three months, until his death. In 1S31 he was elected member of assembly from Oswego County, and was re-elected in 1832. Both terms he served on the judiciary committee, and served with distinction. In 1826 he was appointed county treasurer by the board of supervisors, holding the position twelve years, resigning when he was elected to the senate. In 1828 he was ap- pointed county judge, under the old system, by the governor and council, holding the position until 18H9, declining a rc-ajipointnient. From 1838 to 1842 he represented Os- wego County in the State .senate, the district then comprising the counties of Oswego, Jefferson, Lewis, Oneida, Otsego, and .^Iadison. The senate tlien, together with the judges of the supreme court and the chancellor, constituted the court of last resort, or court for the correction of errors. Such men as Walworth, Nelson, Bronson, and Cowen be- longed to the court at that time. He was a.ssociated with, and an ardent admirer of, Silas Wright. In 184G he was defeated for (,'ongre.s.s by William Duer, by only a few votes, through the treachery of political friends. He was always a consistent Democrat, and active in political life, never stooping to trickery, and always pure and upright in all his acts. Not a .stain or blot ever tar- nished his public or private life. He was plain in dress, genial, .social, and beloved by family and friends. Among the names of his earliest contemporaries in Oswego Count}', now dead, were Joel Tuirill, II. C. Kenyon, I). P. Brew- ster, A. P. Grant, K. B. Talcott, Peter Devendorf, Joseph Torrey, Elias Brewst<;r, 0. H. Whitney, Starr Clark, Judge Ilubbell, and Leandcr Babeock. He was the htsl survivor of the original founders of Mexico academy, and attended the fiftieth anniversary of that institution, in August, 187(j, in which he took great pride and interest. He freely gave all his chiltlrcn the benefit of instruction in the academy. He w;is also one of the original promoters of the Syracuse Northern railroad, presiding at the first meeting that organized the eonijiany, of which he was one of the directors at the time of his death. He was married in 1822 to Eliza Huntington, who died in 1833. He was apain married in 1834 to Cliarlulte P. Stebbins, then of Watertown, who survives him, and who was Ills faithful coiiipanini] and attendant in liis last sickness. His surviving eliildrcn are Hon. T. W. Skinner, Me.\ico; Hon. Charles U. Skinner, Watertown ; Rev. James A. Skinner, Syracuse; Albert T. Skinner, lloosick Kails; Mrs Charles II. Richardson, Colosse ; acd Mrs. Maurice L. Wright, of .Mexico. The last ten years of his life were full of bodily suffering, arising from an affection of the liver, but he bore his pain with patience and fortitude, and received the care of a loving family .so long as he lived. He expre.>«ed himself often as prepared to die, and it Wiis his pride to be eon.seious that he had been true to his Maker, bis friends, his family, his party, and to Mxsoiiry, and he bad ever done hi.'? lull duty as he understood it. No man in Oswego County was better known or more respected during life, or more sincerely mourncU at his death, than Jud-re Skinner. EBENEZKR E. MENTER. The subject of this brief memoir was the son of Daniel Mentcr, of Madison county, and wa.s born June 9, 1821. When about fourteen he removed with his father to Oswego Countv. and .settled in the township of Mexico. His edu- cational advantages were limited, but by close apjilication to self-study he became fjuite prolicient in business re- quirements. His early life wa.s devoted to hard labor, in order to add to the support of (lie family, and he oftentimes deprived himself of the comforts of life to help others. While yet in his teens he went on the lakes, and continued in the aipacity of a sailor five or six seasons. KBKN'E/.EIl E. MKNlElt. On the 1st of January, 1843, he married Artemisia, daughter of Hiram and Elizabeth Cole, of Mexico township, and spent the first sea.son after marriage on the lakes. In 1844 he settled on a farm, and devoted himself assiduously to agrieidtural pursuits for several years, and also deidt (juite extensively in live-stock, with considerable success. About the year 1802 his attention was attracted to life insurance, and he embarked in it, after convincing himself that he was well adapted to eonro. ; dis. 1865. Albert P. Ames, 12th H. Art. Enlisted Sept., 1864; dis. 1865. L. A. Whitney, llllth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; dis. 1865. L. M. Tullcr, IKIth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1S62 ; dis. 1865. Albert D. Ureen, II 0th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1864; dis. 1805. N. R. Alfred, 1st I,. Art. Enfd Oct., 1861 ; pro. to corp. ; dis. 1864. S. Nichols, 1st L. Art. Enl'd Sept., 1861 ; re-enl'd; dis. 1865. J. A. Stebbins, Ist L. Art. Enl'd (Jet., 1861 ; recnl'd ; pro. ; dis. '65. E. D. Wimple, Slst Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1861 ; dis. 1862, for disab'y. Chiis. F. >Viniple, Navy. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the regular army. Alonzo Benedict, 1 10th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862 ; dis. 180.3, for disab'y. Chester A. King, 8th Cav. Enl'd Oct, 1861; rc-enl'd; pro.; dis. 1805. S. D. King, 10th Cav. Enl'd Dec., 1801; re-enl'd; pro. to capt. ; dis. 1805. Ed. S. Laroy. 21st II. Art. Enlisted Aug., 1864; dis. 1865. Edward P. Stevens, 9th II. Art. Enlisted Dec, 1863; dis. 1865. Wni. H. Simons, let L. Art. Enl'd Oct., 1861; wounded; dis. 1863. Wm. Ely, 12th Cav. Enl'd Aug., 1862; dis. 1864, disability. Robert Cantwell. 1st Mass. Enl'd Mar., 1S61 ; dis. Mar., 1864. Joshua Wadley, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; dis. 1804. Hiram Barber, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; dis. 1865. John McCarty, I Ulth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; dis. 186i. Henry Benedict, 24th Cav. Enlisted Dec, 1863; dis. 1865. Henry E. Baker, 24th Inf. Enl'd Apr., 1S61; pro. to Corp.; dis. May, 1863. Nicholas Martin, 22d H. Art. Enl'd July, 1802; pro. to sergt.; wounded; dis. 1865. Chas. H. McCarty, 147th Inf. Enl'd Aug. 1862 ; killed at Fred'kb'g. Louis J. Huntington, 0th H. Art. Enl'd Feb., 1864; died July, 1864. Ed. F. Crosier, 110th Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862; pio. to Corp.; died Nov., 1864. E. D. Erskine, 1st L. Art. Enlisted Sept., 1864 ; died Sept. 11, 1864. Marshall Rundcll, 1st L. Art. Enl'd Oct., 1861; pro. to 1st lieut. ; died July 20, 1862. Noble G. Wilder, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862 ; died Sept. 20, '04. Horace S. Kenyon, 110th Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862; died Sept. 27, '63. John Bowen, 110th Inf. Enlisted .\ug., 1862; killed in battle. Moses Sherman, 1st L. Art. Enl'd Feb., 1864; died Oct., 1864. Francis Sykes, 24th Inf. Enl'd Oct., 1861 ; died Aug. 15, 1862. Aaron G. Hoag, Slst Inf. Enl'd Oct., 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor. Benj. M. Whipple, 7th L. Art. Enl'd Oct., 1861 ; died July, 1862. Orin B. Patcbin, Navy. Enlisted Oct., 1802 ; died May 24, 1865. Frauk Haner, 12th Cav. Enl'd Aug., 1802; died in AndersonviUe prison. Pat. Mulligan, 6th H. Art. Enl'd Jan., 1802; died Deo. 26, 1804. Wm. A. Hayes, 147th Inf. Enl'd Sept., 1802; dis. 1863, for disab'y. C. Hatch, 1st E. Art. Enlisted Aug.. 1864; dis. 1865. Addison Powers, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1S62; dis. 1865. S. Hatch, 1st L. Art. Enlisted Oct., 1862; re-enlisted; dis. 1865. Joseph Haumerker, 2d H. Art. Enlisted Jan., 1864 ; dis. 1865. Francis Henry, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; dis. 1865. C. Graham. 110th luf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; dis. 1865. 11. Wheeler. 110th Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862; dis. 1864, for disability. F. E. GriHith, 24th Elmira. Enl'd Ajir., 1861; re-enl'd; dis. 1865. I. M. Williams. Enlisted May, 1861 : dis. 1805. N. W. Parsons, 1st L. Art. Enl'd Oct., 1861; pro. to eorp. ; rc- eulistcd: dis. 1865. M. F. Parsons, 1st h. Art. Enl'd Oct., 1861; pro. to eorp.; dis. 1862, for disability. Wm. H. Sanford, 24th Inf. Enlisted May, 1801 ; dis. May, 1802. A. Bouehe, 184th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1864; dis. 1865. Jacob Bouchc, 12th Syracuse. Enlisted Ajir., 1801 ; dis. 1865. Geo. P. Tauro, lS4th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1864; dis. 1865. 0. S. Walters, DOth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1804; dis. 1865. Merrit Hotehkiss, 24th Elmira. Enl'd A])r.. 1861 ; re-cnl'd ; dis. 1865. A. Gilling. No record. Seth Howard, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862 ; pro. to corp. ; dis. '65. John Fletcher, 2d .'Mass. Cav. Enl'd Nov., 1802 ; .surg. : dis. 1805. D. H. Holmes, 81st Int. Enlisted Nov., 1861 ; ilis. 1864. Geo. D. Alfred, UOth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1S04; dis. ISOo. Allen Kenyon, 110th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862; dis. 1S65. A. Putnam, 93d Inf. Enlisted Apr., 1805 ; dis. 1865. J. E. Hurley, 1st L. Art. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; dis. 1865. N. Prouty, 24th Inf. Enl'd May, '61 ; dis. May, '63, for disability. N. Wingate, 101st Syracuse. Enl'd 1861 ; re-enl'd; dis. 1865. N. Delose, 24th Elmira. Enlisted May, 1861; dis. Apr., 1862. M. Everts, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862. Chas. L. Webb, Navy. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the regular army. D. F. Dygert, 142d Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862 ; dis. Sept.. '63, for disab'y. J. L. Nichols, 110th Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862 ; pro. to 2d lieut. ; dis. '65. Thos. Jelfrcy, 35th Inf. Enl'd June, 1861; rc-enl'd; dis. 1865. Geo. Pentield, 24th Inf. Enl'd Apr., 1861 ; sergt.; re-enl'd; dis. '65. Jos. Penficld, Navy. Enlisted Apr., 1861 ; re-enlisted. Edson (ioit, 24th Elmira. Enl'd May, 1861; 2d lieut.; dis. May, '63. AV. II. Pcnfield,24th Wash. In service seven years. B. II. Pentield, llOth Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1S62; dis. Aug., 1863, for disability. John Preeman, Jr., 14th Reg. Enlisted Aug., 1861; dis. Aug., '64. David T. Whyburn, John W. Ames, H. M. Ames, L. Ballard. No record. John J. Lester, 14th Inf. Enl'd Sept., 1863 ; promoted to sergt. j discharged 1805. Harrison Bristol, UOth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1864; dis. 1865. Ed. P. Warner, 147th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862; dis. 1865. A. E. Huntley, 2d Cav. Enlisted Jan., 1864; dis. 1S65. Davis M. 'Webb, 147th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1862; dis. 1865. Burton Webb, 1st L. Art. Enl'd Oct., 1861 ; dis. Sept., 1862, disability. Julius Jackwith, 24th Inf. Enl'd Apr., 1861 ; re-enl'd ; dis. 1865. J. T. Benton, 147th Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862 ; dis. Nov., 1863, disability. Geo. Jackwith, 1st L. Art. Enl'd i?ept., 1861 ; dis. Sept., 1864. Cephas H. Frary, 1st L. Art. Enl'd (Jet., 1861; pro. to sergt.; dis. Dec, 1864. Chas. Malnora, 47th Inf. Enl'd Jan., 1864; pro. to sergt.; dis. '65. A. Malnora, 121st Inf. Enlisted March, 1865; dis. 1S65. Geo. W. Putnam, 1st L. Art. Enl'd Jan., 1864: pro. to sergt.; dis. 1865. Theo. Ganthur, 121st Elmira. Enl'd Apr., 1S65 ; dis. 1S65. Albert Rogers, 114th Reg. Enlisted Aug., 1861; dis. Aug., 1S64. Chas. F. Wheeler. No record. Henry Ames, Navy. Enlisted Aug., 1864 : dis. 1865. C. Lavally, Ohio Regt. Enl'd Sept., 1862; pro. to Corp.; dis. Aug., 1S65. P. Clement, Ohio Regt. Enlisted Sept., 1862 ; dis. Aug., 1865. G. Leplant, 147th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1802 ; dis. July, 1865. G. Larkin, 184th Inf. Enlisted Sept., 1804; dis. 1865. S. Clifford, 184th Inf. Enlisted Se]it., 1864 ; dis. 1865. L. Requillard, 24th Elmira. Enl'd June, 1861 ; dis. 1802, for disab'y. E. Shamppary, 184th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1804; dis. 1805. J. Shamppary, 59th Inf. Enl'd Oct., 1801 ; wounded ; dis. Oct., '64. H. H. Porter, 7th Cav. Enlisted Oct., 1861 ; dis. 1862. E. Halleck, UOth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1861 ; died June 18, 1863. S. K. Brown. Enlisted Jan., 1861 ; died in Richmond prison. J. McCanna, 1st L. Art. Enlisted Sept., 1862 ; killed at Petersburg. H. Mattcson, llOth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; died Aug. 20, 1863. J. Wimple, Slst Inf. Enlisted Dec, 1861 ; died June 14. 1864. Jas. Burcham, 110th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862 ; died March 24, 1864. John Daniels, 76th Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1863; died May 22, 1864. Wm. Bristol, 24th Inf. Killed at Bull Run. D. G. Powers, 24th Inf. Enlisted 1863 ; killed at Bull Run. Francis Oudin, 14th Reg. Enlisted Apr., 1860 ; died Apr. 8, 1862. A. F. Erskine, UOth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; pro.; died Jan. 8, '63. Asa D. Davis, UOth Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862; died Aug. 31, 1864, at Key West. M. M. Dewitt, UOth Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862; died Oct. 16, 1863, at Key West. W. M. Waring, 1st Sharpshooters. Enlisted Nov., 1861 ; dieil Mar. 28, 1864, at Me.'cico. F. N. Halsey, 147th Inf. Enl'd Sept., 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg. J. B. Church, 147th luf. Enlisted Sejit., 1862; died July 7, 1863. E. Richardson, 147th Inf. Enlisted May, 1801 ; killed at Bull Run. Leonard Preeman, 147th Inf. Enl'd Aug., 1862; pro. to corj). ; died Aug. 15, 1861. Lewis Preeman, 1 ITtb Inl. Enl'd Aug., 1802: killed at Gettysburg. Chas. Preeman, 1st L. Art. Enlisted March. 1861 ; died July 3, '64. W. H. Sherman, UOth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1862; died Mar. 23, 1863. ALBION. TiiK iL'iritory embraced witliiii the pre.'eavitt, Rujiert and Nahani and Nelly Gurley, Agnes lleiidei-son, wife of I'eter llendei-son, Joseph and Eleanor Tucker, and Jesse Wilson. Naham Gurley and Samuel Leavitt were cho.sen ruling elders, and Mr. Gurley officiated as deacon. The first administration of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was February 8, 1829, by Rev. Oliver Ayer. Sil- via Leavitt, wife of Samuel Leavitt, was the fii-st admi.ssion to the ehureh. The first records of baptism are the names of Mary Ann Snow, Clarissa Abbott, anhronia Henderson, Aar irid Sarah F. Fuller, Charles II. and Mar- garet .Mitchell, Mary Ann Leavitt, Jane I). Henderson, Polly Pierce, Rarbara A. I';dgar, Mary Decker, Clarissa Rarncs, Susannah Loomis, Jane Edgar, Agnes Hendersun. The above named were members of the former Pre.4)ytcrian church ; and the following united with the church under the new organization: ZenasT. W. Mitchell, Harriet T. Mitchell, Picric D. ftlitchcll, Harriet Leavitt, George W. Jiamli, Israel D. Pierce, Albert R. Shei.herd, Tra C. Saffi.rd. Tlie ordinance of baptism was first administered under the new organization to Israel D. Pierce. The society was incor- porated April 25, 1853, with the following-named persons as trustees: Charles H. Mitchell, Thomas Henderson, Samuel A. Comstock, James J, Fonda, .Mexander Hender- son. The following persons have served this church as pa.stors or stated supplies: Revs. George Peglar, Rufus S. Wheelock, Lumond Willcox. Jacob R. Shepherd, R. R. Cutter. 11. II. Ruttcrworth, L. E. Rates, John Turbift, John H. .^Iun.«ell. Renjamin S. Crosby, Albert F. Abbott, Samuel F. Porter. Frank N. (ireeley, William I. (.>sman, Edward D. Curtis, present supply. The erection of the now church edifice was commenced September 19, 1870, and completed and dedicated June 2, 1S7C, the .services being conducted by John C. Holbrook, D.D., and Rev. J. H. Munscll. Tlie interior of the church is furni.shed with chestnut, tastefully finished in walnut and cherry, and has a seating cajiacity of three hundred persons. It cost six thousand dollars, and is a model of beauty and comfort. THE >lETnOr>IST TROTESTANT CIIfRCH. This church was organized in the month of August, 1838, in the village of Sand Rank, by Rev. George Peg- lar, of the Champlain conference of the Methodist Protest- ant church. The tii-st ]iresident wa.s Rev. George Peglar; the first class-leader was Daniel Smith. First members were Daniel Smith and wife. Lot Ackley and wife, and David Jones and wife, who are now living. The church was built in 1836, two years before the society was organ- ized, and it was built as a union church, but the society bought one-half, and owned it in connection with the Con- gregational church until 1868, when they purchased the other half, and now have it free from debt. They chose to still retain the old chuich in view of its having been the place where the " fathers " had worsliiju^d ; it had been the place where they had embraced the principles of Chris- tianity, and was dear to them in view of its many hallowed as-soeiations. It cost fifteen hundred dollars ; size is fifty feet by thirty. Services were held here from the first or- ganization of the Methodist Prot«staiit church. The con- secration services were performed by the Rev. J. S. Robin- son, Rev. I. II. Hogan, and Rev. J. H. Richards. Present trustees: 0. R. Jones, L. R. Jones, and Ryron Helme. Present class-leader. 0. R. Jones. Present pastor. Rev. Charlie M. Roughton. Tin- clmrch has had twenty-one different pastors during the thirty-nine years of its existence, who have served as follows, viz. : Rev. (George Peglar, one year; Rev. J. H. Richards, two years ; Rev. Daniel Shaver, three years ; Rev. Francis Pierce, one year; Rev. S. P. Huntington, one year; Rev. H. Hoxie, one year; Rev. J. P. Long, two years; Rev. Darius Cook, two years; Rev. .^I. Frindle, one year; Rev. L. R. Ellis, two years; Rev. W. ('. Reardsley, one year ; Rev. E. C. Kimble, one year ; Rev. George How- land, one year; Rev. Stephen A. Douglass, two years; Rev. II. N. Cook, four years; Rev. Dr. William I. Raker, three years; Rev. C. R. Chapin, one year; Rev. T. R. Dodd, two years; Rev. R, K. .\ndrews, one year; Rev. II. Rrown, one year ; Rev. Charlic^I. Roughton, one year; HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 281 and is the pastor at the present time. Pastors of this church have commenced and closed their pastorates here in tlie month of September, at the sessions of the annual con- ference. The number of members is eighteen. The cause of this falling off is owing to deaths, removals, and expul- sions from neglect of " Christian duties." The church here has struggled through reverses and difficulties, and it has had its seasons of prosperity ; it has counted its membership by hundreds. It has exerted a strong religious and moral influence in this place. It has given to the church of Christ one of the most able minis- ters of the day, — Rev. L. Judson Cooper, ex-president of the Onondaga conference of the Methodist Protestant church. It has had in its ministry some of the best talent in this county. Three of her pastors are ex-presi- dents of Onondaga conference. Six of her ex-pastors are dead, and fourteen are still living. Six sessions of the Onondaga annual conference of the Methodist Protestant church have been held in this church. At present the interest of the membership is increasing, and the future looks brighter for this church than it has in years past. THE ALBION BAPTIST CHURCH was organized December 2G, 1837. The following-named persons were the first members : Ebenezer Cowin, Samuel Davidson, Harvey Hurlburt, Jeremiah Kellogg, William H. Delano, Horace Holmes, Andrew Patterson, Harry Wright, Leah Davidson, Clarissa Dickerson, Priscilla Holmes, Mary Cowin, Lydia Cowin, Susan Doolittle, Sally Patterson, Harriet Wright. The present and only church edifice erected by the society was in 1852. The following persons have officiated as pastors of this church, viz. : Samuel Davidson, Terry, Elias Burdick, John Canan, Elisha Robins, Myron Newell, Daniel Delano, Albert Cole, V. L. Garrett, Hiram Powers, S. J. Decker, W. C. Johnson, William Delano, S. G. Jones. The church at present has no pastor. The present offi- . cers are as follows : Deacons, Henry Jones, R. A. Burdick ; Clerk, S. G. Jones ; Trustees, H. F. Norton, A. J. Jackson, R. A. Burdick, J. F. Morrison, W. W. Thorp. The present membership numbers sixty-five. We have endeavored to secure a history of the other church organizations in this town by repeated applications to various members for information concerning their respect- ive churches, but in no instance did they give our requests the slightest attention. BIOCxRAPHICAL SKETCHES. AARON FULLER was the youngest in a fiunily of five children. His parents, Luke and Mary, Were from the old Puritan stock. At an early age he was adopted by Tliaddeus Revel, of his native town (Ashfield, Franklin county, Massachusetts), with whom he lived until he was twenty-one years of age. He received a good common-school education, and, a.s was the custom at that day, worked on the farm during the sum- 19 mer and attended .school three months in the winter. After attaining his majority he wont to work in a comb-factory. This not proving congenial to his tastes he learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner. In 1832, in company with two elder brothers, he moved to Little Falls, New York, and in the fall of the same year caTnc to Sand Bank and purchased the place upon which he now resides in the village, and also a farm of one hundred and thirty-tliroc AARON FULLER. acres. In 1834 he returned to Massachusetts and mariicd Miss Sarah F. Toby, of the town of Conway, Franklin county. Mrs. Fuller was born in Conway, February 22, 1813, and was one of eight sisters. Since 1832 Mr. Fuller has been largely identified with the village of Sand Bank, especially with church matters; is a very strong temperance man ; was elected excise commissioner ; and his acts while officiating in that capacity, and the immovable position he took in regard to the license question, met with the hearty approval of all friends of the temperance cause. Mr. Fuller is the present postmaster, which office he has held, in connection with that of town clerk, for a great many years. Altogether Mr. Fuller is one of those cour- teous, kind, Christian gentlemen whose identification with any community is always productive of good. THOMAS HENDERSON was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, October 26, 1799. When he was three months old his father, Peter Hen- derson, emigrated to America and located in the town of Cambridge, Washington county. New York, where he purchased a farm. Here he remained eleven y^ars, when he bought two hundred acres of land in the town of Albion, and, with his family, moved to Sand Bank, where he was the first white settler. Thomas was at this time a sturdy lad of thirteen, and helped to erect the first house built in the town, which was of logs, and stood on what is now Mill street. The senior 282 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Henderson was a very industrious, ambitious man, and to his first purchase of two hundred acres added from time to time until he aci|uired twelve hundred acres of the finest land in the township. He remained upon his farm until his death, wliich occurred May 1 3, 1 86:?. In 1 S23 Thomas was married to Miss Eliza Jacobs, of Brattleboro', Vermont, by whom he had six children, all of whom are living but one. ' PETER HENDERSON. In 18.39 Mrs. Henderson died, and the following year he married Mrs. Julia Barnes, by whom he had two children. After his marriage in 1823 he commenced business for himself, which consisted of lumbering and farming, and which he has followed until the present. Mr. Henderson has always been strictly devoted to his busines.s, and politics was to him entirely devoid of charms. He, however, ac- cepted the office of supervisor for a number of terms, and ha.s always been a Jack.sonian Democrat ; is liberal in his religious views, and is all in all an affable, courteous gen- tleman. MILITARY RECORD OF ALBION. Andrew T. Acklcj. Enlisted in Co. B, IC^id Rcg't, Aug. 5, 1862; dis. for didttbilily Fob. 6, 18B4. Thomas Alien. Enlisted in Co. B, UOth Rcg't, Aug. 6, 1862 ; dis. for disability July 20, ise.'i. Henry Anson, Jr. Enlisted in Co. M, 2d II. Art., June, ISd.'); dis. for disability. Cyrus M. Austin. Enlisted in Co. II, Ist II. Art., Fob. 29, 1863; in buttles of the Wilderness, Laurel Hill, S]iottsylvanin, North Anna, Petersburg, Cold Harbor, Weldon R. R., and others, twelve in all ; dis. June 21, 1865. Albert H. Austin. Enl'd in Co. B, Isl Art., in ISGl ; dis. for liisab'y in 1862 ; rc-cnl'd Feb. 20, 1SG4 ; died in the following Sept. Oeorge W. Aldrich. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864, in Co. E, 189th Reg't ; dis. June 20, 1865. Henry W. Allen. Enl'd in 1865, in Co. 1, 193d Reg't; dis. same year. Hartley Allen. Enlisted March 21, 1865, in Co. I, 193d Rog't; dis. Aug. 15, 1865. John W. Austin. Enlisted in Co. K, Slst Rog't, Nov., 1861 ; disch. Doc. 8, 1863; died July 21, 1864. Henry E. Dorm, eorp. Enlisted in Co. 0, Isl Art., Sept. 21, 1881; in battles of Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancel- lorsville, tJettysburg, Bristoe Station, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Petersburg, and others : die.; ro-enl'd Feb. 11, 1864; dis. Juno 12, 1865. t'ri Barnes. Enlisted in Co. B. llOth Inf., Aug. 6, 1862 ; died in hospital at New Orleans; remains buried there. Albert Briggs. Enl'd in Co. B, 110th Inf., Aug. 14, 1862; dis. June 25, 1865, at New Orleans, Julius Barnes. Enlisted in Co. H, 110th Inf., Aug. 6, 1862; died in hospital at Baton Rouge, Aug. 30, IS63. Maurice Bowen. Enlisted in Co. H, 110th Inf., Aug. 6, 1862; died in hospital at Baton Rouge. Oct. 8, 1865. Bray ton Burdick. Enlisted in Co. K, 110th Inf., Aug. 5, 1862; die. Aug. 8, 1865. John Babcock. Enlisted in Co. C, I47th Inf., Sept. 2, 1862. Lafayette Barber. Enlisted in Co. C, 147th Inf., Aug. 28, 1862; pro. serg't March 1, 1S64. James R. Barker. Enlisted in Co. C, 147th Rcg't, Aug. 7, 1862; in battles Fredericksburg, ChaneelloraTille, Qettysbarg ; was w'd in latter; dis. Juno 27, 1865. James M. Berry. Enlisted in Co. C, 147th Rcg't, Aug. 28, 1862, Isaac S, Bcntley. Enlisted in Co, C, 147th Reg't, Aug, 25, 1862: in battles South Mountain, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Fredericks- burg, Gettysburg; w'd in battle of Wilderness, Aug. 5, '64; dis. April 3, 1865. Eira D. Brngdon. Enlisted Aug. 4, 1863. Elisha Bcntley. Enlisted Co. L, 14th Art., Jan, 3, 1861 ; was in fol- lowing battles ; Yorktown, Williamsb'g, Chancellorsville, Gettys- burg ; re-enl'd Nov, 14, 1863, as 1st lieut. ; raised a co. of sixty men : killed in battle of Cold Harbor, June 2, 1864. Alfred B. Briggs. Enlisted in Co. K, 14th Art., Doc, 5, 1863; discb, July, 1865. Francis Barker. Enl'd in Co. K. II. AtL, Dec. 5, 1863; dosorlod. Albert S. Barker. Enl'd in Co. K, II. Art., Deo. 5, 1863; in battles Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and others : w'd ; dis, Juno 1 2, 1865, Deveraux Barber, Enl'd in Co, K, H, Art,, Dec. 21, 1863; in battles Cold Harbor, Weldon R, R., Fort Steadmun : dis. Sept, 6, 1865, Caleb R, Barker, Enl'd in the 1st Lt. Art., Feb. 29, 1864 ; in battles Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, Wilderness, and others ; twenty-ono in all ; dis. June 22, 1865. Delos Balch, Enlisted in Co, 0, 1st Lt, Art., Jan, 4, 1861 ; in battles Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and others ; disch, June 21, 1865, Homer J, Birch, Enlisted in Co, E, 169th Rcg't, Aug, 25, 1864 ; des, at Elmira ; was detailed to hoad-quartors during timo of fiorrioo ; dis. June 1, 1865. John Berry. Enlisted in 184th Rog't, Aug. 23, 1S64 ; deserted. Fletcher M, Barney, Enlisted in Co, 0, 125th Reg't, April 5, 1865; dis, Jan, is, 1866. Alfred Brcnon. Enlisted March, 1865; sub. for George N. Thomas. Elias Crofford, Enlisted in Co, G, 1st H, Art., Oct. 1, 1861 ; in battles of Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Fight, Antictom, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg; dis. Feb. 11, 1864. Ira D. Cross. Enlisted in Co. B, 110th N. Y. Vols., musician, Aug. 5, 1862; dis. Aug. 28, 1865. Nathan J. Chase. Enlisted in Co. B, 110th N. Y. V., Aug. 1862; servetl in Louisiana; transf. to Invalid Corps in Virginia; disch. Amos A. Clofflin. Enlisted Co. B, llflth N. Y. V., Aug. 6, ISf.2; in battles Port Hudson, Fort liisland, Franklin ; disch. Aug. 8, 1865, Sanford Cloniin, Enlisted Co. B, UOth N. Y. V., Aug. 1862 ; died Carrollton, La., Feb. 1, 1863. Samuel P, Clement. Enlisted Aug, 4, 1862, Co. B, UOth N. Y. V. : disch. for disability, Jan. 25. 1865. F, (J. Comstock. Enlisted in Co. B, UOth N. Y. V., Aug. 6, 1802; prom. Ist lieut. Nov. 25, 1862; Ist licut, and rcg, quartermaster Feb, 4, 1863; disch, Aug, 31, 1865, Franklin B, Clary, Enlisted Co. C, 149th N, Y, V., Aug, 28, 1»62; in battles Fredericksburg, Antietam; killed at Gettysburg; re- mains buried on the field, Lyman Curtis, Enlisted in Co, C, 147th N, Y, V„ Aug, 28, 1862; furloughed for ten days, about Feb, 1, 1863 : did not return to regiment. John Clark, Enlisted Co, K, Mth H, Art,, Deo, 21, 1803; wounded HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 283 iu battle ui the Wildcruess, in right aim; diuit in bt):spital at Alexandria, June 1. 1864. Jaa. Ciarlt, Jr. Enlisted 14th IVnna. Inf. May 1, 1861 : transferred to 14th H. Art.; served two years; disch, June 7, 186;t ; ro-enl'd, and killed before Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864; buried on James river. John Copley. Enlisted Co. K, 14th H. Art., Deo. 21, 1863 ; in b.ittlcs of Spottsylvania, Petersburg, Wilderness, and others; died of disease at Baltimore, Sejjt. 22, 1864. Hugh Crippen. Enlisted Co. K, 14th H. Art., Dee. 21, 186:!. Daniel W. Corbin. Enlisted Co. K, 14th H. Art., Dec. 24, 186.3. Melvin Claflin. Enlisted 7th Pa. Cav., Nov., 1861 ; disch. March 1, IS(i2; re-enl'd Co. L, 14th H. Art., Dec. 21, lS6:i ; in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Mine Ilun, North Anna, Petersburg, and others. Eli B. Crane. Enlisted Co. K, 81st N. Y. V., Nov. 10, 1S61 ; re-enl'd same eomp. and regiment, Jan. 18, 1864; in battles Yorktowu, Fair Oaks; killed at Cold Harbor, .Tune 3, 1864. Geo. V. Canfield. Enlisted Co. C, 50th Eug., Sept. 13, 1861 ; re-enl'd Feb. 16, 1864; disch. June 28, 1865. Leonard Cramer. Enlisted 184th N. Y. V., Aug. 30, 1864; disch. June 22, 1865. Henry C. Cross. Enlisted Co. G, 24th N. Y. V., May, 1861. Levi S. Caswell. Enlisted Co. I, 123d N. Y. V., Mar. 25, 1S65 ; disch. Jan., 1866. John Crouse. Enlisted Co. G, 1st Lt. Art., Oct. 1, 1861 : several en- gagements, and in battles Fair Oaks, seven days' fight in front of Richmond, Autietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Get- tysburg ; lost loft leg by shell and wounded by rifle-ball iu right leg; disch. May 21, 1864. Chas. C. Coyer. Enlisted Co. F, Slst N. Y. V., Oct. 4, 1861; disch. Feb. 17, 1862. Jacob Curry. Enlisted Co. M, 2d H. Art., Dec. 8, 1861 ; in battles Spottsylvania, North Anna; deserted and returned voluntarily to duty: was rearrested and sent to Tortugas during the war. John Henry Coyer. Enlisted Co. U, 7th Lt. \n., Mar. 14, 1864; in battles Wilderness, .Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Peeble's Farm, Weldon R. R., Petersburg, Hatcher's Run, and others, thirteen in all ; disch. June 17, 1865. Thos. Clark. Enl'd Co. K, 110th N. Y. V., Aug. 5, 1862 ; in battles Camp Bisland, Vermilion Plains; disch. Aug. 28, 1865. Uri S. Crocker. Enlisted Co. G, 24th N. Y. V., May 1, 1861 ; disch. May 29, 1863; re-enl'd 20th N. Y. Cav., Sept., 1863 ; discharged 1865. David Crocker. Enlisted Co. G, 24th N. Y. V., May, 1861 ; disch. 29, 1863 : re-enl'd 20th N. Y. Cav., Sept., 1S63 ; disch. Sept., 1865. James Henry Curry. Enlisted Co. B, UOth N. Y. V., Aug. 6, 1862; died St. Louis hospital. La., March 7, 1864 : remains buried there. John B. Church. Enlisted 78lli N. Y. V., Jan., 1862; last hoard from at Winchester, Va. . George Cross. Enlisted 26th N. Y. V., Aug., 1861 ; was wounded in leg. Wm. E. Dunlap. Enlisted Co. E, 20th Cav., Aug. 18, 1863; disch. Aug., 1865. Samuel Dawley. Enlisted Co. B, 110th N. Y. V., Aug. 6, 1862; wounded in right hand at Irish Beml, near New Orleans; disch. June 15, 1805. Morgan Dewell. Enlisted Co. B, 110th N. Y. V., Aug. 6, 1S62; died in h(>sj>ital. New Florence, I.a. ; remains buried there. Ezekiel G. Dunham. Enlisted Co. H, 110th N. Y. V., Aug. 7, 1862; in battles Fort Bisiand, Port Hudson, Vermilion Plains; disch. Aug. 31. 1805. John DcLong. Enlisted Co. C, 147th N. Y. V., Aug. 28, 1862. Geo. Denel. Enlisted Co. G, 1st Lt. Art., Oct. 4, 1861; in battles of Ka|ipahannock Station, Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn Hill, IJristoc Station, Robertson's Tavern, Mine Run, Wilder- ness, River, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Run, and siege of Petersburg; diseli. Dec. 17, 1863; re-enlisted same co. and regt., and disch. June 19, 1865. Wm. f. Davy. Drafted Aug. 4, 1863; assigned Co. A, O'th N. Y. V. ; disch. Aug., 1865. Horace Duell. Enlisted Co. G, 1st Lt. Art., Jan. 4, 1864; in battles Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, t^olil Harbor, Deep Run, Petersburg, and others, ten in all; disch. June 19, 1865. William Danlor.b. En:ij;eJ ISltb Rest., X. V. V., Sep'. I, 1864. Geo. M. Dawley. Enlisted Co. O, 1st N. Y. Art., Scpi. 1, 1861 : disch. Juno 1, 1862. at Annapolis, Md , disability. Jas. Byron Dunlap. EnlLstcd Co. I, 20tb Cav., Aug. 25, 1863 ; disch. Aug., 1865. Philander Dunlap. Enlisted Co. C, 50th Eng., Sept. 5, 1861 ; in bat- tles of Yorktown, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill; wounded in shoulder at Fredericksburg; disch. .Sept. 20, 1864. Samuel Dony. Enlisted Co. G, Snth Eng., Sept. 17, 1861; died at Fairfa.x .Seminary Hospital, June, 1862. Elias P. Diugman. Enlisted Co. E, 183d N. Y. Vols., Sept. 7, 1864 ; in battles of Hatcher's Run, Five Forks, and others; discharged June 10, 1865. James Eaton. Enlisted Co. C, 147th N. Y. Vols., Aug. 30, 1862; in battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg. Mine Run, Wilderness, Petersburg, and others; disehargcil ,Inne 19, 1865. Stephen D. Emblem. Enlisted Co. C, 147th N. Y. Vols.. Aug. 28, 1862; in battles of Gettysburg, Bristoc Station, Mine Run, V,uUi Harbor, Petersburg. Chancellorsville; disch'gd June 19, 1865. Albert Eaton. Enlisted Co. C, 147th N. Y. Vols., Aug. 28, 1862; promoted sergt. June 1, 1864; mortally wounded and died on field at Wilderness, May 5, 1864. Jasper Emblem. Enlisted 1st N. Y. Hoav. Art., Oct. 4, 1861 ; diseh. Feb. 25, 1862; re-enlisled in 147th N. Y. Vols.; promoted to 2d lieut.. Fob. 26, 1865; mustered out Feb. 13, 1865; in battles of Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Laurel Hill, North Anna., Petersb'rg, Weldon R. R., Soutbside, Hatcher's Run, " Poplar Grove Church." George Elseffer. Enlisted March, 1865 ; substitute for Allen Gilbert, Esq., Albion, N. Y. Nelson Elliot. Enlisted Co. M, 2d Heav. Art., Oct. 20, 1861 ; iu bat- tles of Spottsylvania, North Anna: was wounded near Cold Har- bor, anil dis. Nov. 14, 1863; re-enlisted, and dis. Mar. 2, 1865. Charles W. Fogg. Enlisted Co. G, 1st Light Art., Oct. 1, 1S61 ; in battles of seven days' fight befi>rc Richmond, Antietatn, Fred- ericksburg, and other (twenty-seven) engagements; rc-cnlistoil in same co. and regt., and discharged June 17, 1865. Isaac M. Fancher. Enlisted Co. B, UOth N. Y. Vols., Aug. 6, 1862 ; in battles of Camp Bisland, Franklin ; was wounded by ball in right side. May 25, 1863 ; discharged Aug. 28, 1865. Jason W. Frey. Enlisted Co. K, 14th Heavy Art., Dec. 23, 1864; de- serted and went to Michigan; was arrested and re'urned; in at- tempting to desert again, was shot. William L Frost. Enlisted in 147th N. Y. Vols., Aug. 28, 1862; dischg'd by reason of disability ; re-enlisted in Co. K, 184th N. Y. Vols.; discharged July 14, 1865. Abram Frey. Enlisted Co. G, 1st N. Y. Light Art., Oct. I, 1861 ; in battles of Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Yorktown, Antietam, Chancellorsville: discharged June 8, 1865. Amos G. Frey. Enlisted Co. H, 1st N. Y. Light Art., Mar. 14, 1864 ; engaged in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Belleview Chureli, Petersburg, Weldon R. B., Hatcher's Run, and six others: discharged June 17, 1865. Thomas Garahan. Enlisted 193d N. Y. Vols., March, 1865. V. L. Garrett. Enlisted Co. B, UOth N. Y. Vols., Aug. 6, 1862; cap- tain; resigned Nov. 25, 1862. Herbert Gilbert. Enlisted Co. C, 147th N. Y. Vols,, Aug. 28, 1862; was wounded in battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863 ; subsequently in b:Utles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor; mortally wounded at Petersburg, and died on the field next day, June 19, 1864. II. James Grey. Enlisted Co. F, 14th Heavy Art., Dec. 5, 1863 : in Wilderness, Cold Harbor, North Anna, Petersburg, Spottsylvania, and several other battles; discharged June 21, 1865. Dennis N. Galvin. Enlisted Co. I, 14th N. Y. Heavy Art. Timothy Gilbert. Enlisted Co. B, 184th N. Y. Vols., Aug. 29, 1864 ; discharged June 29, 1865. Hiram Gilbert. Enlisted 24th N. Y. Vols. ; transferred to 76th N. Y. Vols. ; was killed at Gettysburg. Phillip Hydcrn. Enlisted Co. G, 81st N. Y, Vols., Nov. 21, 1861; in battles of Fair Oaks, seven days' fight before Richmond j dis- charged Dec. 4, 1863. James Henry Hydcrn. Enlisted Co. G, Slst N. Y. Vols., Nov. 7, 1861; .at Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Petersburg, Davey's Bluff, Cold Harbor, 2d Petersburg; wasw'nd'd, and dis. Dee. 16, 1864. Na'hiin Holmes. Enlisted Co. D, iy3d N. Y. Vols., April 6, 1863; discha.gel Aug. 2,'*, 1865. 284 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. T John Uagnn. Eulistad Co. I), llUlh N. Y. Vuli., Aug. 7, 1863; dit- cliiirgcil Aug. 2», 18S5. Diivi.l S. lltloipr. F,nli»tcd Co. B, llOtli N. Y. Vol«., Aug. 7, 1882; inlialllcsur Camp Uitland, Purt Uudaun, VcriniliuD ; dischg'd Aug. 28, 18S&. Jumca F. HrndcrFon. Enlivtcd Co. B, llOtb N. Y. Voli., Aug. b, 1SG2; proiooled to Q. M.-eergt., Aug. IC, 1864 ; iu buttio uf Port Uudiiun and ekirmir^tics ; di!. Hi. ward. Enli»lod C... K. 14lh Heavy Art.. Dec. 16, 1863; at battles of Wildernesd, t^iHillsylvauiB, Cold Harbor, Peters- burg, Weldou K. K.; wounded in right thigh: dis. Aug. 26, 1865. Ileruian Hubbard. Enlisted Co. K, 8UI N. Y. Vols., Oct. 1, 1S61 : re-enlisted Mar. 7, 1864; was in three engagements; dischg'd Aug. 31, 1865. Henry N. Ham. Enlisted in 24th Cav., April 27. 1864. Ciaylord Hawkins. Enli.iled Co. I, l'J2d N. Y. Vols., Mar. 17, 1865. Peter E. Hunnewell. Enlisted Co. F, lUlh Inf. V. S. A., April 4, 1861; discharged May 1, 1863; ro-cnlisled .March 1, 1865; still in service. Adam Hicks. Enlisted 1113d N. Y. Vols., April 4, 1865; discharged Jan. 27, 1866. llinry Hiiskins. Enlisted Co. I, 26th Inf., May 10, 1861 : killed at 2d Hull Run ; remains buried on the field. Ransom H. Jackson. Enlisted Co. B, 110th N. Y. Vols., Aug. 6, 1862; in sicgo of Port Hudson, and other engagements; dis- charged Aug., 1865. Organder H. Jones. Enlisted Co. B, II 0th N. Y. Vols., Aug. 6, 1862; discharged Aug. 27, 1865. Orren Jacobs. Enlisted Co. H, 1 10th N. Y. V., Aug. fi, 1862 ; in siege of Port Hudson and battle of Bayou Tcche ; disch. Sept. 1, 1805. Abrnm Jacobson. Enlisted Co. I, lU3d X. Y. V., March, 1865; dis- charged January 18, 1866. David A. Johnson. Enlisted March 17, 1865; sub. for Alexander Murray, Esq., of Albion : assigned to Co. I), 96th N. Y. V. ; dis- charged Aug., 1865, for disability. ^Villiam L.Johnson. Enlisted March 7, 1865: substitute for Ezra Olin, Ebij., Albion, N. T. ; assigned to C". I), y6lh N. Y. V. James Jnhns. Enlisted March, 1865; substitute for Howard Rep- son, Esq., Albion. George \V. Keyis. Enlisted Sept., 1861 ; rccniisted .Tan. 2, 1804, in Co. C, 5(lth Engineers; discharged August, 1805. Henry H. Kicsnyer. Enlisted Co. B, 184th N. Y.V., Aug. 2il, 1804; discharged July 12, 1865. Jacob Kent. Enlisted Co. E, 184th N. Y. V., Sept. 1, 1864; dis- chargeil July 14, 1865. Truman Kellogg. Enlisted 184th N. Y. V., Sept. 3, 1804; discharged June 2m 1865. Scth Konyon. Substitute for David G. Cross, Albion, J<. Y. Thomas Kiesnyer. Enlisted Co. D, 24th N. Y. V., April 2y, 1861 : re-enlisted Co. K, 15th N. \'. Cav., Aug. 11, 1863; was in thirteen battles: dischorged Aug. 0, 1865. William H. Lester. Enlisted Co. B, 110th N. Y. V., Aug., 1862; dis- charged June 5, 1865. Elijah Loomis. Enlisted Co. C, 147th N. Y. V.: ro-culistcd in 10th Michigan Cavalry; died in hospital. Albert Lombard. Enlisted Co. C, 2d H. Art., Feb. 2«, 1864; in bat- tles at Spotlsylvunia, North Anna: wounded in left leg at Cold Harbor; died May 27, 1865. Martin L. Loomis. Enlisted Co. H, Isl Light Art., Feb. 2«, 1864; was in battles of Wilderness, Petersburg, and ten others; dis- charged June 211, 1S65. Edwin A. Lynmn. Enlisted Co. C, 50th Engineers, Si'pt. 5,1801; ro- enlisted same comp'y and reg., Feb. 20, 1864; was in battles of Fredericksburg, Wilderness, North Anna, Malvern Hill; was taken pris. July 2, 'tl2 : exchanged .Vug. 0, '62; dis.June 13, '65. Frederick Lee. Enlisted Co. G, 81sl N. V. V., Nov. 10. 1861; re- enlisted Aug. 211, 1864 ; iu bat. of Fair Oaks; dis. July 14,1865. Eugene A. Lester. Kniisted Co. 0,24th .\. Y.V., .May 8, I80I ; must, out with reg. May 2U, 1863; re-enlisted, Jan'y 16, 1804, iu 24th N. Y. Cav.; was in battles of 2«1 Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chantilly, Wilderness, Spoltsylvania, North Anna, Petersburg, Cold Harbor, and others; discharged June 2, 1865. James A. Lohnas. Enlisted in Co. I, l'J3d N. Y. Vols., March 19, 1865; dis. Juno 18, 1866. George W. Loomis. Enlisted in Co. G, Is*. L. Art., Oct. 10, 1861 ; a faithful soldier; in seventeen buttles: dis. Oct. 8, 1864. Harlow Mills. Enlistcpahannock, Antietam ; disch. May 17, 1863. Henry Pittsley. Enlisted Co. G, 147th N. Y. V., August 22, 1863; died November 5, 1863. Thomas Purdy. Enlisted Co. L, 1st Mounted Rifles; re-enlisted Aug. 31, 1854; was in many battles; wounded in right side and left hand; discharged .\ugust 31, 1S64. Richard I. Paddock. Enlisted Co. K, 8l8t N. Y. V., Feb. 22. 1863; in battles of Petersburg, Cold Harbor, Drury's Bluff; killed in camp before Petersburg, September 3, 1864. Edward D. Parker. Enlisteil Co. G, 19th Vet. Res. Cav., May 1, 1861 ; promoted 1st lieut.. May, 1861; re-enlisted in 147th N. Y. V. as let lieut. ; promoted cajitain, Nov., 1862 ; in battles of Fred- ericksb'g. Chancellorsville ; w'nded at Gettysb'g in left leg ; disch. George P. Rich. Enlisted Co. I, 37th N. Y. V., May .3, 1861 ; killed at battle of Williamsburg; remains buried on field. Isaac J. Rich. Enlisted Co. B, 110th N. Y. V., Aug. 6, 1862; pro- moted sergt., July 1, 1863; 1st lieut., 2d Invalid Corps, Feb. 1, 1865; in battles of Camp Bislaud, Station No. 4, Florida: taken prisoner and esca])ed ; discharged November 2, 1865. Redmond Richardson. Enlisted Co. H, llOtkN. Y. V., Aug. 3, 1862; discharged August 2, 1865. William S. Richardson. Enlisted Co.F, lS4th N. Y.V., Aug. 2, 1864; discharged July 12, 1865. Hiram Richardson. Enlisted Co. F, lS4th N. Y. V., Aug. 27, 1864; discharged July 12, 1865. Wesley M. Rich. Enlisted Co. D, 184th N. Y. V., Sept. 5, 1864; discharged July 12, 1865. Marathon M. Rich. Enlisted Co. D, lS4th N. Y. V., .Sept. 3, 1864; discharged June 29, 1865. James T. Richards. Enlisted Co. E, 189th N. Y. V., Sept. 3, 1864; died in hospital, Washington, April 23, 1865. Charles Edward Riker. Enlisted Co. D, 123d N. Y. V., Apr. 5, 1865 ; discharged .lanuary 18, 1866. Daniel P. Stevens. Enlisted Co. K, 81st N. Y. V., Oct. 4, 1861; in battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks; wounded in right arm and left knee; discharged August 9, 1865. Isaac N. Scram. Enlisted Co. B, 110th N. Y. V., Aug. 7, 1862: in battles of Port Hudson, Franklin, Camp Bisland; discharged August 28. 1865. Reynold H. Stephens. Enlisted Co. G, 1st Light Art., Aug. 1, 1861 ; in battles of Fair Oaks, seven days before Richmond, Antietam, and many others; discharged October 4, 1864. Merrit W. Seamons. Enlisted Co. B, UOth N. Y. V., August 6, 1862 ; promoted sergt., Aug. 28, 1862; 2d lieut., Feb., 1863; 1st lieut., Deo. 25, 1864; in battles of Camp Bisland, Port Hudson, Frank- lin, Vermilion Plains, and others; discharged Sept. 28, 1865. S. Turner Seamons. Enlisted Co. B, llOlh N. Y. V., Aug. 5, 1862; , l'Sft4 ; wu8 cuiitiiretl nud tiikeii tu l.iliby |irit«iin. fmin wbieb heci«ea|ied; dis. July 12, ISCo. Dunii-I Wnlkor. Kiilisled .'^vlllt'r IMIU Ciiv., Feb., 1802; din. Jnn. 2, 1S0.1; re-enlisled 21fl N. Y. Cav. : dis. Aug. 2, iX6b. Henry P. Weaver. Enlinled Co. B, llOth N. Y. V., Aug., 1S62; in (•allle Port Huilsnn : died al ToriUKas Inland, April ii, ISill. A. S. Weaver. Enlieled Co. B, llUth N. Y. V., Aug. a, l.sil2 : ISi.'land, Vermilion, .•^iege of Port Hudson, Franklin ; diseb. Se|d. 1, 1H65. Jason B. Wright. Knlixted Co. B, IlOlh .\. Y. V., Aug. C, 1S62; eiego of Port Hudson, Franklin. ISi»land : dis. Aug. 2S, l.sf.j. Ira West. Enlivted Co. II, llutb X. Y. V., Aug. 11, lMi;2: dis. Aug. 2;i, 1S03. Edwin Wilinot. Enlisted Co. I, llOlh .\. Y. V., Aug. 7, lsfi2: dis. Aug. S, l,«Gs. John Wild. Eulislcd Co. II, lal L. .\rt., Feb. 29, ISCt ; in battles of .S|)OttsylvBaia, North Anna, Wilderness, Petersburg, Weldon Itailroad, and others, — eleven in all ; dis. June 1», 18C5. Kellogg West. Enlisted Co. E, ISith N. Y. V., Aug. 2«, 1801; dis- charged July 1, ISCa. Aaron Widrig. Enlisted Co. F, 181th X. Y. V., Aug. 21, l.SGl; dis- charged July It, 1SC5. Libons C. WaiU Enlisted Co. K, lS411i .\. V. V., Aug. 2!!, 1SC4; discharged July 12, 1805. Richard A. Wakefield. Enlisted Co. E, ISOth N. Y. V., Aug. 2il, 1.864 : al Hatcher's Uun, Five Forks, and (iravely Hun; diseh. Aug. 4, IKfia. Milu C. West. Enlisted Co. M. 2d H. Art., Dec. 27, 180.'!; in battle of Wilderness ; died in hos|Mial. Wasliingtou; remains buried on Arlington Heights. Asa Wcstcott. Enlisted Co. F, M7lh X. Y. V., Sept. 2, 1802: died in hospital, July 25, I8G3. Charles H. Wriglit. Enlisted Co. A. Ifilh II. Art., Aug. 10, 1803; discharged -\ug. 21, 1805. Allen I!. Wcstcott. Enlisted Co. — , 184th N. Y. V., Aug. 27, 1804; discharged July 12, 1805. Bcujauiiu Franklin .Abbott. Enlisted Co. K, 152d N. Y. V., .\ugust 2«, 1802; in battle Mine Run, and others; was w'd in the Wil- derness, May 7, 1804; dis. July I'J, 1805. Lloyd W. Aldrieh. Enlisted Co. 11, IBth V. H. Inf.; pro. (jr. inr. sergt.. June, 1804. Wilson A. Austin. Enlisted Co. G, 2d U. Art., Dec. 21, 1803; in battles Spottsylvania. Cold Harbor, North Anna, Petersburg, Uiep Bottom ; dis. Oct. 11, 1805. Samuel Babcock. Enlisted Co. L, lOtb H. Art.. August .8, 1862; dis. September, 1865. Cbarlcs Baker. Enlisted Oct. 7, 1803, in a colored regiment. Henry 11. Baker. Enlisted Co. C, 1st II. An., Aug. 2, 1.803; in bat- tles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Pe- tersburg, Fort Steadman; discharged June 27, 1805. Cbauucoy Barnes. Enlisted Co. G, 1st I.t. Art., Sept. 21, 1861 ; died at Union Mills, Va. Ira Bates. Enlisted Co. K, llOth X. Y. V., August 0, 1802; died at Key West, July 4, 1.S04. Horatio Bellows. Enlisted Co. M, 2d 11. Art., Dee. 8, 1801 ; in hat- ties of 2d Bull Run, S]iutlsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg; was wouniled in left foot; discharged Deo. 8, 1S04. James A. Bentley. Enlisted Co. 1, 37th N. V. V., Apr. 20, 1861 ; in battles of Vorktown, Williamsburg, Fair fluks, Fredericksburg, Cbanccllorsville, and severalothcrs ; discharged June 20, 1805. Win. lilakesley. Enlisted Co. C, 50ih Kng., Sept. J, 1801 ; was wounded at Fredericksburg, and died soon after. David Bouworlh. Enlisted Co. D, 24th X. Y. V., Xov. II, 1801 ; in battles of Gainesville, 2d Bull Run, South Mountain. Antietain, Southsiile K. 11.; re-enlisted; second dis. Oct. 5, 1865. William H. liortles. Enlisted Co. K, 81st N. Y. V. ; diseh. 1802, dis- ability ; re-enlisled. John C. llragdon. Enlisted 24th X. Y. Cav., .Ian. 18, 1864 ; in battles Wililcrness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, nnd others, thirteen in nil; dis. August 4, 1805. James lirookins. Enlisted Co. G, 50th N. V. Eng., Sept. 0, 1861 ; deserted Sept., 1802. C. n. Burke. Enlisted Iflltth N. Y. V., musicinn, Aug. A, 1862. John Dawley. Enlisted Co. G. 1st X. Y. l,t. Art., Sept. 7, 1801 ; in seven days' battles before Richmond, .\ntietaio. Gettysburg. Clian- cellorsville, and many other engageiiunts, twenty-four in all ; re- enlisled in same company ami regiment, Feb. 11, 1804; diseh. Juno IV, 1805. Caleb Fogy. Enlisted Co. I. 24lh Cav., Jan. 4, 1804 ; in battles Wil. derness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and others; diseh. August 21, 1805. William 11. ForU Enli.-tcd Co. D, 24th N. Y. V., April. 1801 ; in several battles ; was w'd at 2d Bull Run ; died of w'ds in Wash- ington ; remains buried there. John Scott Frey. Enlisted Co. K, Slst N. Y. V., Dec. 1, 1801 ; dis- charged Feb. 17, 1802. William P. Fny. Enlisted Co. K, 8l8t N. Y. V., Dee. 1, 1801 ; dis- charged April 15, 1862. Jared W. Hathaway. Enlisted Co. M, 2d H. Art., July 7, 1S04. Oliver llovey. Enlisted Co. K, Slst N. Y. V., Oct., 1861 ; in battles Fair Oaks, Yorktown ; was w'd and taken jirisoner ; exchanged ; died at Baltimore, Octolicr 3, 1802. John Lester. Enid Co. M, 2d 11. Art., Dec, 1864 ; dis. April 25, '65. John Lewis. Enlisted Co. H, 16th N. Y. H. Art., August 1,1803; in battles Malvern Hill, Deep Bottom, Laurel Hill, Fort Fisher, and several others; dis. Sept. 29, 1805. Peter W. Loser. Enlislcil Co. I, 24th Cav., Feb. 8, 1805 ; was w'd at .Sailor's Creek, Va. ; diseb. June 8, 1805; also served in a Cali- fornia regiment. Henry W. Lyman. Enlisted 5nih Eng., Sept. 5, 1861 : in battles of Fredericksburg, Yorktown, North Anna, Malvern Hill, White Oak Swain]!, Seven Pin^. Harper's Ferry; diseh. Sept. 20, 1864. Shubael Lyuiiin. Enlisted Co. M,2d II. Art., Dee., 1803; died in hos- pital at Washington. Harvey Mnnwi(k, alicjut five miles east of Rotterdam. He put up here some fine buildings, which had been framed on the Hudson river. His barn is s;iid to have been eighty by niiuty feet. He was a man of wealth, and brought with him a large number of negroes, and in a very short time had a large tract of land cleared and under cultivation. The tract purchased by Mr. Vanderkemp included a large pond in the northern part, in which it is .said there were at that time large numbers of fish. Jlr. Seriba, becoming aware of this fact, told ^Ir. Vanderkemp that if he would give \i\> the north half of his land, including tlu' pond, he, Seriba, would give him a deed of the remaining five hun- dred acres free of cost. The offer was accepted, and the arrangement duly carried out. The sheet of water in ques- tion is still known liy the name of " Vanderkemp's pond." Solomon AV'aring came about this time (1793) and located at the village of Rotterdam, and is said to have opened the first tavern there, in that year, on the site of the present hotel of J. P. Brown. Joshua Lynch was also a settler of 1793. In 1794 Mr. Seriba cut out the celebrated road from Rotterdam to his other city of Vera Cruz, at the mouth of Salmon creek. In Jur)e, 1795, the Fremh duke De la Rocbefoucauld- Liancourt visited Rotterdam in his travels through the I'ljitid States, and jmblished an elaborate account of it, which we tran.scribe here, as it is the best authority to be found regarding the locality at that time. He says, — " Rotterdam is a new eslablisbmeiit begun eighteen months (two j'ears) since, by Mr. Serilia, a wealthy Hol- lander, and a merchant, who i.s the owner of a large tract of land extending from here to Lake Ontario. He has chosen the mouth of Hruee creek as the site of his princi- pal city, and has begun another at Salmon livtr, two miles from Lake Ontario. Rniee creek is navigable some miles above Rotterdam, and Mr. Seriba has opened a road from here to his new city. At present his establishments amount to but little. A dozen poor log houses, built almo.st en- tirely at Mr. Scriba's expense, constitute all there is ("if the city of Ilotterdam, so named in honor of tlu' native place of its founder. The dams for the u.se of the mill that he has built have cost much money, and being always jioorly built he has been obliged to recoinnniicc them .several times. The grist-mill is not yet built, and the dam aj)pears loo leeble for the pressure it will have to .sustain. Some Work and considerable momy has been expended at the mouth of the creek to make a landing, but the aecomnio- dation is very poor. They estimate that Mr. Seriba has expended over eight thousand dollars here, and if the work had Wen well applied it would be a profitable investment. Mr. Seriba is now building a fine frame house in which he intends to place a store. In this he will .share the profits with two iissociatcs whom he has as his agents for all these works. A store is, moreover, in America, the best means for gaining property rapidly in a new settlement, ami be can thus regain the money expended on his establishment. He will sell, for instance, a quart of brandy for fonr shil- lings and sixpence, or if more for three shillings, flour at sixpence a pound retail, or ten dollars a barrel, while it only costs him seven. The profits on other articles are still greater. The land which sold eighteini months ago at a dollar an acre now brings three dollars, and is not consid- ered dear at that price. The present settlers of this place came fnmi New England, and from near Albanj". Mr. Scriba's jiarlners in the store are Hollanders like himself, and they have a mulatto in charge. This mulatto is also a doctor and a gardener, and appears to have been well edu- cated ; they say he is a half brother of Mr. Melth. one of the partners. Workmen get in Rotterdam f lur shillings a day and board, or six and sixpence when they board them- selves. Boarders pay fourteen shillings per week without li(|Uor. They jraid for bread nine]ience a pound, the com- mon price being six. Fresh meat is eight pence ; but not- withstanding the number of workmen constantly hired by Mr. Seriba, provisions are scarce and uncertain, and the price is always high. The country is also liable to fevers, as is all that through which we have passed." Mr. Jcjhn Jleyer settled in the vicinity of the village before 1791!, and was Mr. Scriba's agent; perhajis he was one of the partnirs mentioned by La Rochefoucauld-Lian- court. He was the first supervi.sor of Mexico (and the first in the present county of Oswego), being appointed by the justices of Herkimer county, in default of an election in the spring of 1797. He was also the first justice of the peace in the county. On the 11th of April, 179(), occurred that ever-interest- ing event in a new .settlement, the birth of the first child, which in this case was George Waring, son of Major Solo- mon Waring. Mr. Seriba himself did not make his home in Rotterdam until several years later, carrying on his business through his agents. The .store mentioned by the French duke was opened within a year or so afterwards. It is said that at one time it contained a stock of goods valued at ten thousand dollars ; an enormous sum in those days. There being no other store itj this part of the country, an immense business was carried on. The Indians often came here with their furs to trade, from a distance of more than forty miles. Mr. John Reridiard, from whom Bernbard's bay derives its name, was a native of Holland. He etnigrated to this country in the year 179(1, and settled upon Staten Island, where he lived until the fall of 1795, when he moved, with his family, to the bay. Arriving late in the lidl, be found but one building there, — an old log house, built by a .^lr. Dayton two years before, but occupied by him only a short time. It was sadly in need of rejiair, and. as the .season for cold weather had already set in, .Mr. N'anderkenip kindly HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 289 invited him to sjn'iiil the winter :it bis house. This invita- tion Mr. BernharJ accepted. The following circumstances, tending to show that political asperities are no sharper now than in the olden time, are related by Mr. Beruhard's descendants. During the winter a political dispute arose between Mr. Bcrnhard and his host. After a bitter quarrel, Mr. Bern- hard declared that he would not live with such a man, and accordingly moved back into the old log house at the bay. The family endeavored, by fastening blankets and shawls over the larger openings in the wall, to make the place comfortable ; but, with the first night, came the most severe storm of the sea.son. Mr. Bernhard and bis family awoke to find them- selves in the midst of a snow-bank. The wind had torn the blankets from the walls, and the snow had drifted mercilessly in upon the inmates. Finding it impossible to remain there longer, Mr. B. returned to the house of Mr. Vanderkemp, where he re- mained until spring. He then went back to his place at the bay, and during the season put up a substantial house and commenced a clearing. Directly in front of Mr. Bernhard's residence, and about fifty rods out in the lake, a small island is visible during low water. It was at this time, and for many years after, the custom of the Oneida Indians to bring to this point those of their .squaws who had committed offenses against Iroquois law, and compel them (^as a punishment) to swim to the island and return. Thus, from year to year, the little settlement upon the bank of the lake .slowly grew and prospered. Although the Indians came frequently in large bodies to the lake, for the pur- pose of fishing, yet they always showed a friendly disposition towards the whites ; and, during all those early years in which the pioneers were struggling with the hardships of a frontier life, there is not an instance on record in which the Indians placed an impediment in their way. In the year 1798, although improvements had been in progress at Rotterdam for several years, there were still but few inhabitants. The only persons in the present town of Con- stantia to be found on the assessment roll of Mexico for that year were John Meyer, Amos Mathews, John Bernhard, Daniel Bernhard, Henry Fall, and Solomon Waring ; besides Mr. George Scriba, who was assessed this year upon the greater part of the town. Mr. Vanderkemp moved to Tren- ton, Oneida county, shortly after Mr. Bernhard located at the bay. The exact date is not known, but, from the fact that his name does not appear on the assessment roll in 1798, it must have been previous to this year. The first school held in the town was held during the winter of 1797-98, in a log building which had been erected for the purpose. For a few years afterwards great improvements were made in the village of Rotterdam. A large number of Hollanders were induced by Mr. Seriba to leave their native country and locate here. Although there was, at this time, scarcely a bushel of grain raised in the neighborhood, Mr. S. erected a grist-mill, five stories high, ujion the bank of Scriba's creek ; but this, like some of his other enterprises, was a failure. The maebinery was put in, but could never be made to work. A number of years afterwards, however, a small addition was made to the build- ing, in which a single run of stone was used for grinding corn. As near as we can learn, Mr. Scriba himself made his home at Rotterdam about 1800, building a large frame house in which his descendants still reside. From the grist-mill to a point about half a mile up the creek Mr. Scriba caused a canal to be dug, which was sided with heavy oak timbers bolted securely to their places. At the head of this canal he erected a building which he in- tended for a distillery, but it was never used. Up to the war of 1812 progress was very slow. The town, as has been said, was set off from Mexico on the 8th of April, 1808, under the name of Constantia, but the village was called Rotterdam for a long period afterwards. By an act passed in 1811, Mr. Scriba was granted the exclusive privilege of a ferry across Oneida lak(^, but, like so many more of his projects, this produced very little in the way of practical results. Constantia is spoken of in " Spafibrd's Gazetteer" for 1813, as follows : "Constantia, a post-township of Oneida county, compre- hends three townships, Nos. 10, 11, 13 of Scriba's patent, Breda, Delft, and Rotterdam on the surveyor-general's maps. The population is at present inconsiderable ; from thirty to thirty-five families. The land is mostly low and level, and the soil is represented as good. Some contro- versies respecting the title to a part of this town, and its having been represented unhealthy, have occasioned its slow progress in improvement and population ; but my correspondents say the first obstacle is entirely removed, and the latter, also, having taken its rise from some stag- nant water, now drained off. There are a pretty competent number of sites for mills, and a good grist- and saw-mill erected at Rotterdam. A very good silicious sand, with a small admixture of clay, suitable for the composition of glass, was accidentally discovered lately at Rotterdam, but it is not yet wrought. Fort Brewerton was within this town, at the outlet of Oneida lake. The land is held in fee, and will probably prove good for grass, and particularly for grazing. In 1810, the whole population was one hun- dred and fifty-three, with twenty-six electors. The post- office was established in 1812." Constantia has so much early history that we must pass rapidly over its later annals, restricting ourselves to the more prominent events. In the winter of 1819-20 a ball was given at the hotel at Constantia village (as it now began to be called), and as such an event was somewhat unusual at that time, the announcement created a good deal of excite- ment among the young people on both sides of the lake. The day finally arrived, and in the afternoon a sleigh-load of young men and women started from the south side to cross the lake on the ice. The day was fine, and as the road was plainly marked out, they had no difficulty in making the trip. After attending the ball they set out to return about midnight. The sky, which but a few hours before had been so clear, was now covered with dense black clouds, and the keen wind which was blowing up the lake told of an apjiruacliing sturui. Arriving at the bank of the lake, they lound a Mr. Beebe, wlio was .-ibuut to cross on foot with a hand-sled, and who asked the privilege of fastening lii.s sled to the rear of their sleigh. To this they readily consented. 290 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. the sled was tied on, and oflF they etarted. They had gone i but a short distance before the Btoriii wa8 upon thcin, ren- dering it impossible to keep the road. Some of the party de.sircd to return and await dayliirht, but it was finally de- cided to go on, as the ice was thouj^ht to be secure, and little danger was anticipated. Slowly they continued their course in the blinding storm, until, when near the middle of the lake, the horses stopped, and for a moment refused to advance farther. They were urged forward, however, and had gone but a short distance before the ice gave way, and the ])arty in the sleigh were precipitated into the lake. Fortunately, .Mr. Beebc, who had expected to cross the lake on foot, had provided himself with ice-spurs. He sprang from his sled, and by means of bis spurs was enabled to maintain liis footing upon the ico. Tlirougli his efforts the entire party were rescued ; not, however, until one of the young ladies, who had been for some time in the water, was rendered entirely helpless. Altliough they all succeeded in reaching the shore, the unfortunate girl died within a short time afterwards. Tbe iii-st settlement in the southeastern part of the town was made by Christopher Martin, of Vermont, who located ujion "great lot No. 131," in February, 1S21. Jlr. Mar- tin describes this locality as being at that time a jdace of groat beauty. The banks of the lake were lined with chestnut- and walnut-trees, while stretcliing away for miles in the background was an unbroken forest of pines and other evergreens. Game was abundant in the woods, and salmon were plenty in the lake. Mr. Martin erected a frame house, eighteen by twenty-eight feet. During the same year ]>aiiiel Howard, Solomon Howaril, and Isaac Ward located in the neighborhood. The first school was kept by Mr. Martin, in the winter of 1822-23, in a log house upon the Vaiidcrkemii farm. This was the first school taught in district No. I, which included all of the east half of the town. The first school-house was built two or three years later, and was a log building, twenty by twenty-si.x feet, located on small lot No. 10. The first religious meeting in the vicinity wa.s held in the house of Mr. Martin, in the summer of 1822, by the Rev. Mr. Keyes, a Methodist minister, on his way to attend conference. In 1824 Nathan IJeebe came on. He built a saw-mill the same year, the first one in this part of the town. During this year Mr. Horace Hitchcock located in the neighbor- hood, and in 1 825 James Cleveland, James Dickey, Sam'l H. Stevens, and Abiethy Buck came to the same locality. Mr. Stevens built tbe first hotel where the village of Cleve- land now is. The building is still standing, although it has been several times repaired and altered. It is now called the Marble House, and is kept by Mr. .Morgan. Tbe first store in Cleveland village was built by Messrs. Cleveland & Stevens, in 1820. Sliortly after, a post-office was established, and Mr. Cleveland was appointed post- master. It was called " Cleveland," after him, and as the village grew uji it received the same name. Although a stock company had been incorporated under the name of the Constantia iron company as early as March D, 1811, they had not commenced operations, and it was not until they were succeeded, about 1830, by the American iron com])any (^consisting of Nathan J. Stiles. Jolm ('. Coffin, and others) that work was begun. This company selected a site on the west bank of Scriba creek, a short distance above the mill, and immediately began the erection of a furnace. The building was sixty by a hundred feet, and their cold-blast furnace was capable of turning out three potash-kettles per day. The furnace brought other settlers into the village, and in 1834 a second store was erected by Augustus Marshall. At this time the town began to improve much more rapidly than before. The village of Cunsts, Chauney Dunn, and G. J. Prentiss. The present officers are Lewis K. Auriiiger, Alexander Rrowti, and Dr. J. A. Griffin, trustees ; G. J. Prentiss and J. R. Decker, class-leaders ; and G. J. Prentiss, J. R. Decker, Thomas Boots, Jr., Alex- ander Brown, L. K. Auriiiger. T. S. Marsdun, Alvin South- well, W. n. Stowell, and K. W. Jliller, stewards. The Sunday-school has about one hundred scholars. THE METHODIST CHURCH OF CLEVELAND. The Rev. Christopher Martin was the originator of Methodism in the village of Cleveland, and althdugh for a great number of years the .society had no regular place of worship, Mr. Martin preached from time to time in private houses in various parts of tbe village. The present pastor of the church is Rev. W. S. Titus. The board of trustees consi.sts of E. Cris])in, Z. Darland, H. J. Caswell, G. Andas, and J. M. Bcrnhard. There are three Sunday-schools connected with this charge, liaving in the aggregate about one hundred and fifty ])ujiils. The Sunday-school library consists of about one bundled volumes. THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CLEVELAND. This church was organized July 22, 1867. The first rector was James Stoddard, in 18t)7. The present officers are William Foster and Charles Katliorn, wardens ; Jos. Turck, William JI. Foster, Abraham M. Cari)enter, Honry J. Caswell, Henry Garber, Asher S. Potter, Dewitt C. Stevenson, and James R. Bones, vestrymen. The society is at present without a pa.-itor; the Rev. R. L. Matison being the last, who left in April, 1877. The Sunday- school consists of about forty members, and has a small library. There is also a Catholic church at this point, but owing to the absence of its pastor we have been unable to learn the facts regarding it. SECRET SOCIETIES. The first meeting for the organization of a Masonic lodge at Constantia was held in September, 1850, when a petition for a charter was sent to the grand lodge. The charter was obtained in 1857. Among the first officers elected wore the following: Charles P. Lander, Master; Frederick C. Uibbard, S. W. ; Abraham Countrenian, J. W. There is no record of the other officers. The present oflieers of the lodge are T. Charles Manchester, Master; Augustus Whelpley, S. W. ; Thomas L-.rey, J. W. ; W. C. Talcott, Treasurer; John A. Griffin, Secretary; Silas P. Cross, S. D. ; William Taylor, J. D. ; P. S. Marsh, Tyler. Cleveland Lodue, F. and A. M., No. 013. — The first meeting was held July 2, 18()G. The first stated communication was held upon the Cth day of November, 18tJG. The charter was granted on the 7th day of June, 1SU7. The lodge lia.s ]uU regular meetings since its organization, and is in good standing. Although during the existence of the lodge the number of its mem- bers has been eighty-one, there have been but three deaths since its organiz-ition. The first officers were L S. Morse, Master; A. S. Chisholm, S. W. ; W. U. Whitney, J. W.; J. P. Bedell, Treasurer ; E. H. Roney, Secretary; J. R. Bones, S. D. ; J. Bedell, J. D. ; F. Noble, J. N. C. ; M. Fuller, Tyler; J. W. Mathews, S. M. C. Mr. William II. Foster has been Master of the lodge since 1875, and Dr. D. T. Whyborn Secretary for the past two years. Good Templars of Bernhard's Bay. — The society was formed in November, 18G8. The original officers were Henry Willanl, Jr., W. C. ; Mary Willard, W. V. ; John Beckwith, P. \V. C; H. C. Short, Secretary; E. R. Crandall, L. D. The present officers are Frank Foster, W. C; Adella Crandall, W. V.; II. Willard, P. W. C. ; E. R. Crandall, Secretary; Mina Taft, F. S. ; Frank Marsden, Treasurer; Jennie Marsden, Chaplain ; George Taft, Mar- shal; George Aley and Edie Cook, Guards; E. R. Cran- dall, L. D. TOWN OFFICERS. The records of all the early officers of Constantia are lost. We give below the names of the supervisors since 1853: Ephraim Cleveland, 1854; Henry W. Rhoda, 1855; Albert Morse, 1856-57; Frederick W. Miles, 1858-59; Julian Carter, ]8(!0; Giles W. Lane, 18C)1 ; Samuel P. Smith, 1862; Julian Carter, 1863; Ira P. Brown, 1864; A. Luther Dolby, 1865-66; Henry J. Caswell, 1867; Clinton Stevens, 1868; Mose.s Dolby, 1869; Henry A. Baker, 1870; Frederick W. Miles (in jilace of M. iKilby, elected and resigned), 1871-74; George Harding, 1875- 76 ; L. P. Marsden, 1877. The following are the present officers of the town: Super- visor, L. P. Marsden ; Town Clerk, Edwin L. Beebe ; Jus- tices of the Peace, Silas W. Lane, Ephraim Cleveland, Harrington, and Silas Peimyer ; Assessors, E. C. Johnson, J. E. Marsh, and John Deans; Commi.ssioners of Highways, F. H. Wood, William Barnes, and Charles Dickinson; Collector, George W. Miles; Overseers of the Poor, Albert A. Yates and Emory Francis ; Con.stables, J. Burlingame, Victor llallock, William P. Fosdick, Leonard B. Cook, and Albert E. Chaniplain ; Game Con- stable, Jcilin L. Sullivan; Town Auditors, H. Caswell, W. Stowell, and H. (.'arter ; E.xeise Coniuiissionei'S, H. Roney, Sanford Woodward, and Joshua llaii;lit. lUOGR.VPHIOAL SKEKMiKS. HON. WILLIAM H. BAKER. It would be needless, even if we were so disposed, to indulge in any ful.sonie eulogies regarding the energ}', the perseverance, and the ability of William II. Baker. The simple .story of his life, from the time of his toilsome boy- hood on a backwoods firm, through a youth of hard me- chanical labr>r, up to the occupancy of a seat in the greatest RES. of HON.W. H. BAKLR, CoNSiANUA.Oi-^vtau oo , /r i. Rev Christopher Mahtin Mrs.Christopher Martin Ephraim Cleveland. Henry W/«n. Mrs. Mary Winn. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 293 representative body on earth, is far more interesting, and tells far more of tlie qualities of our subject, than aught of labored laudation which could be written by tlie historian's Ben. His parents were Samuel R. and Mary Atherton Baker. Both descended from that hardy old New England stock wliose Spartan character and vigorous virtues, in spite of detraction and sneers, have so greatly promoted the pros- perity and so well upheld the liberties of our country. They were married in the twelfth township (now West Monroe), Oswego County, in 1821, but afterwards removed to Lenox, Madison county, where the subject of this sketch was born, on the 17th day of January, 1827. The family removed to West Monroe when William was two years of age, where his parents have since resided, living now upon Whig hill, about a mile from the place where they were married. Mr. Baker spent his boyhood in West Monroe, receiving most of his education in the backwoods schools of that town, attending an academy only a term and a half. At seven- teen he learned the trade of a •' salt-barrel cooper," and at nineteen that of a carpenter and joiner. At twenty he be- gan teaching school, to which he devoted himself for four winters, laboring at one or the other of his trades in sum- mers. At the age of twenty-two he commenced the study of law. In 1851 he passed the necessary examination and was admitted to the bar. In 1852 he settled in Constantia village, where he has since resided and practiced his pro- fession. Originally a Whig in politics, he connected himself with the Republican party on its first organization, and has ever since adhered to its fortunes with unswerving fidelity. In 18G2 he was elected district attorney of Oswego County, and served three years. After a brief interim he was ap- pointed to the same office by the governor* in 1866, and again elected by the people in the autumn of that year, serving until the end of 18C9. In 1874, Mr. Baker was elected to Congress by the Re- publicans of the twenty-fourth district, comprising the counties of Oswego and Madison, by a majority of about a thousand. In the forty-fourth Congress he served on the committee on expenditures in the navy, and also on the committee on the Centennial Exposition. In 1876 he was again nominated for Congress, when his majority of one thousand was increased to one of nearly five thousand. It is so much the custom for the unimportant offices to drift into the cities and large towns that the election to Congress, by such majorities, of one who claims to bo only a self-made country village lawyer and politician, is of itself the strongest evidence of his marked ability and force of cliaracter. Mr. Baker resides upon the north shore of Oneida lake, just west of Constantia village, on what he calls his " swamp ranchc,' of about four hundred acres, and is now (summer of 1877) engaged in clearing up a part of it as a farm, being determined to have a provision for his old age, wliich the moths of caucuses cannot destroy, nor the tidal waves of politics overwhelm. CHRISTOPHER MARTIN. Christopher Martin, of Cleveland, Oswego County, New Y^ork, was born in Weston, Windsor county, Vermont, October 2, 1795. His father was a farmer, and he was brought up in that occuj)ation. He served one year in the war of 1812, and was wounded at the battle of Lacole Mills, on the 30th of March, 1814 ; he then returned and lived with his father till of age. He was married the 29th of May, 1817, to Miss Martha Johnson, of Chester, Ver- mont, who has shared with him the joys and sorrows of life till the present time. After his marriage he removed to Williamstown, Massa- chusetts, where he engaged in manufacturing plows. While there he was converted, and joined the Methodist church. In February, 1826, he, with his wife and one child, — Otis, — removed to the State of New York and settled on a loca- tion now comprised in the village of Cleveland, then mostly a wilderness, and commenced in the woods to clear him a farm. Here they enjoyed the comforts as well as some of the privations of new-settlement life. Here the deer ram- bled within sight of his door ; and here, also, close at hand, was the beautiful Lake Oneida, from which plenty of fish could be obtained, including some of the best varieties, as salmon, bass, pike, etc. They considered those who lived within four or five miles their immediate neighbors. He, with his wife, united with a small Methodist society in the town of West Vienna, and in 1826 he became their leader, the society having increased to about sixty members. In 1830 a society of the Methodist Episcopal church was formed in Cleveland, and he, with the members from Cleve- land, was transferred to the new society, and continued as leader. In 1833 he was licensed to exhort, and in 1839 to preach the gospel. In 1832 he was elected justice of the peace, in which capacity he served three years, but finding that the busi- ness of the office interfered with other duties he resigned. In 1843 he was ordained deacon by Bishop Waugh, at Syracuse, and in 1848 he was ordained elder by Bishop Janes, at Adams. As a farmer he was diligent in his business ; in his church duties he strove to be faithful. He has served the church as a steward from 1826 to the present time. As an exhorter in a new section, he visited the settlements near by and strove to lead men to Christ. As a minister of the gospel, he usually preached twice on Sabbath, his appoint- ments generally being from three to five miles apart, thus serving four congregations in a fortnight, besides attending funerals as circumstances required. In 1841 and 1842 he superintended the building of the Methodist Episcopal church, and solicited subscriptions until it was finally paid for. His labors in the church were all as a local minister, and were done for the good of the church of Christ, without salary or reward. He had three sons and lour daughters. Two sons died in infancy ; all the rest lived to mature age. Three of the daughters married, but aio now dead. He has now one daugiiler and nine uTandi'liildren living, and he is living at the present tinio with his only daughter and two of his grandsons, enjoying a serene and happy old age with his aged companion. 294 lllSTUUV UF OSWEUO COUNTY, NKW YOUK. ilENKY WINN one of tlif oldest citizens of Oswepj (,'uuiity, was born in the towu of New Ualliinore, Albany county, New Y'ork, on the liOth of May, 1801. When he was about nine years old bis father moved to Coxsackie, in Greene county ; and about one year after rcmovin;; there his father dieil. When he was about eighteen years old his mother married again. He then weut to work for himself and was in debt for the clothes he had on. The first work he did wjis iu company with a roan, in burning a coal-pit, and after it was finished the other man received the money for it and kept it all, so that Mr. Winn pot nothing for his first job, save his board. In 1S22 he was married to Mary Powell, and worked out for three or four years at farming, and subsequently bought a farm and worked it for four years, when he sold it. He moved into the town of Constantia in the month of Janu- ary, 182!), and took up one hundred acres of timbered land on the Roosevelt tract, aud after a few years he purchased au additioti of thirty acres more. During the next twenty- three years he cleared up the farm, sjilit rails and fenced it, put up good and substantial buildings, aud raised a family of ten children. During that time he saved about twelve hundred dollars, and in 1852 rented out bis farm, moved to Bemhard's Bay, and engaged, iu company with Mr. Titus and others, in building a glass-factory. About eight months alter his removal to the bay his wife died ; she had been sick and complaining for some filleen or sixteen years, but notwithstanding all her jioor health she was a good wife, au affectionate mother, and a great help to him iu his business transactions. The next year he sold out his in- terest in the glass-factory and moved back ou his farm. In that speculation he came out about as he went in, — nei- ther losing nor making any money. In 1854 be married the widow Phuebe Green, aud iu addition to his own family brought up her two boys, and in 1858 sold his farm, moved into Madi.son county, and bought a small farm. He re- sided there until 18GG, and in January of that year bis wife died. He then sold his farm and came back to the town of Constantia, and after spending somethiug over one year without any home of his own, on the 24th day of Sep- tember, 1867, he again entered into the bouds of matri- mony with Mary Miller, who was then a resident of Syra- cuse, but was born and brought up in Kingsbury, Washing- ton county. He then purcha.sed the farm he now occupies, a little east of the village of Constantia, on the lake-shore road. He has worked very hard during his life, has lost some two thousand dollars or more, has given and helped some of his children t^j as much more, and has still enough left to keep him the rest of his life. He is now seventy- six years old, and yet able to do a day's work. His wife is sixty-eight years old. The entire family of Mr. Winn, consisting of children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, amounting to sixty- three, are now all living within a half-day s journey of bis home. During his residence in the town of Constantia he con- tributed to the building of three churehes, the Friends' church, Methodist church, and Baptist church, and his re- ligious opinion has always been in favor of the Friends, or, as .some people call tliciu, Quakers. lie has never been a member of any church, but has always been a believer in religion and a supporter of the church. His present wife is a member of the Baptist church, and has been since she was eighteen years of age. MILIT.VKY RIX'OKI) OF COxXSTANTI.V. Eugene Alhec. Enli«ted in the I3th Regt., in 13S3; rc-onlM iu (li« IS'Jlb Rfgt., in ISO!. Willnni Allirc. Enlisted in llio llllth Rcgt., in 18S2. Jlenry Ames. Enlisted in tlic 2d Kegl.. in 1SB4. Frederick Andrews. Entitled in the '2d Ke;;t., in ISO.'i. George L. Andrews. Enlisted in the 52d Regt., in 1862 ; wuunded twice ut Petersburg. Andrew Anlbuny. Enlisted in the IlOlh Rcgt., in 1S62. James L. Arnold. Enlisted in 1 17th Regt., in 1.S02 : pro. toord. sergt. ; trans, tu the Ulst Regt.; woumlcd. D. Lester Bsbcuck. Enlisted iu the Isgth Regt., in \X(\4. John II. Iliilpcock. Enlistcrl in the ISilth Regt., in ISOl. John .S. Banning. Enlisteil in the 2d Regt., in ISGl. Eugene II. Harry. Enlisted in the 71st Pa. Regt., in ISCI. Wui. H. Barlow. Enlisted in the l.^Jth Regt., in IS63. George D. Bartlett. Enlisted iu the UOth Regt., iu ISG2 ; died Oct. 13, 1863, at Xew Iberia, La. Allen Barry. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 18A2. Goor);c W. Buyniore. Enlisted in the Ist Regt., in 1864. Ezra .M. Bedell. Enlisted in the U7th Regt., in IS62. George A. Bedell. Enlisted in the 18'Jtli Regt., in lsn4. Benson J^iy Bedick. Enlisteil in the Until Kegl., in I.Sii2. Nathan G. Beebe. Enlisted in 189th Regt., in IS64 Samuel Bernhard. Enlisted in llOlh Regt., in 1SU2: pro. to eorp. ; died in New Orleans, May 22, ISB3. Alfred Bloners. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 18(12. Barlow Bloiiers. Enlisted in the linth Regt., in I8fi2. John Henry Blouors. Enlisted in the llnth Regt., in 1862. Asa Bolster. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 18ti2. J;ioob B lister. Enlisted in the Ist Regt., in IS04. James Bradley. Enlisted in the Mth Regt., in 186.'). Thomas Bra Ishaw. Enlistel in the 1st Re^t., in 1801. Benjamin F. Bristol. Enlisted in the llUth R"gt., in 1861: iliseh. for disability. Joseph Bristol. Enlisted in the 22d Regt., in 1863. Thomas A. Bristol. Euli^leJ in the 13th Ro„'t., iu 1863. Win. Brossley. Eugene Brown. Enlisted in the Ist Regt., in 1864. Hamilton I>. Brown. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862. Charles II. Bruen. Enlisted in the 1 17th Regt., in 1863: died while a prisoner at Andorsonville, iu September, 1864. Edward O. Brunell. Eulislod in the 14t)th Regt., in 1862: re . nlM iu the 1411th Regt., in 1864. Victor Bullock. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862. Augustus Butlor. Enlisted iu the 3d Regl., in 1862. Benjamin F. Butler. Enlisted in the 5th Regt., in 1864 : died of sick- ness caused iu the service, at Jefforsonville, Ind., Doc. IU, 1864. James C. Butler. Enlisted in the IlUlh Regt., in 1862. George W. Britton. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862. James Button. Enlisted'in the UOth Regt., in 1SG2. Richard Burden. Enlisted iu the ISUth Regt., in 1864. Elisha B. Burdick. Charles Burst. Enlisted in the 193d Regt., in 1864. James II. Burton. Enlisted in the 2d Regt., in 1863. Barry Callaghau. Enlisted in the M7th Regt., in 18G2. James L. Carroll. Enlisted iu the 147th Regt., in 1862. M. S. Carroll. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., iu 1862. George W. Carter. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862. EdwanI Lucius Cary. Enlisted in the lUlth Regt., iu 1862; died of wo'unds iu January, 1864, at Baton Rouge, La. Henry C. Casey. Eulislol in the 2d Regt., in 1863. John Casey. Enlisted in the ISltth Regt., in 1864. Edward Cassuni. Enlisted iu the 2d Regt., iu 1863. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 295 Cli.iilos Caswi'll. Enlisted in the llOlh Kogl., iu 1862. Willinui Ccliii. Enlisted iu the 1st Eegt., in 1S62. James N. Clark. Enlisted in the 157th Kegt., in 1862. George Clark, Jr. Enlisted iu 1S63. Francis G. Clock. Enlisted in the 18i)th Regt. in 1864. James H. Cody. Enlisted in the 4th Mass. Cav., in 1864. James Coe. Owen 0. Conner. Enli.sted in the 147th Kcgt.. in 1862. Frederick II. Cook. Enlisted in the ISUIh Kegt., iu 1864. Henry Cook. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. Lewis Coon. Enlisted in the 32d Kegt., in 1861 ; re-enlisted in the 6th Regt., in 1862. William H. Cooncy. Enlisted in the 1st Regt., in 1864; died of wounds, August 5, 1864, at Washington, D. C. Benjamin Covant. Enlisted in 1864. Ahram Countreman. Enlisted in the 147lh Regt., in 1862. Truman Coyle. A. Z. Crandall. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. Edwin Crandall. Enlisted in the 1st Regt., in 1862; killed Ijy guer- rillas while bearing dispatches. John Crumon. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862. James Cunningham. Enlisted in the 16lh Regt., in 1865. Henry F. Curran. Enlisted in the llHth Regt., in 1862. Eiihraini Darling. Enlisted in 1802 ; died in Washington, 1). C, Deceuilier U, 1862. Almon Davis. Enlisted in the 32d Regt., iu 1S6I. Henry B. Davis. Enlisted in the lS9th Kegt., in 1864; killed in battle near Petersburg, March 30, 1865. Charles Dean. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862. Silas Dean. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. Thomas D. Dean. Enlisted in the ISilth Kegt., in 1864. Melville Decker. Enlisted in the 81st Regt., in 1861 : rc-enlisted in 19:id Kegt., in 1863. James Dellahant. Enlisted in the 26th Regt., in 1861 ; killed in bat- tle at Manassas Gap, August 30, 1862. Michael Dellahant. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1861 ; killed in the seven days' fight before Richmond, June 28, 1862. Thomas Dellahant. Enlisted in the 14th Regt.. in 1862. Samuel A. Dennis. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862. Hiram Lewis Dicker. Enlisted in the 1st Regt., in 1864. J. B. Dickinson. Enlisted in the 13th Regt., in 1863. Moses Dickinson. Enlisted in the 26th Regt., in 1861. Titus A. Dickinson. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862. Frederick Dilton. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1865. Francis L. Dodd. Enlisted in the 147th Kegt., in 1862; died July 3, 1863, at Fairfa.x, V.a. James E. Dodd. Enlisted in the 146th Kegt., in 1862; died June 7, 1863, at Aquia Creek, Va. Patrick Dority. Enlisted in the 14th Regt.. in 1865. William W. Dority. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862. Irvine Duncan. Enlisted in 14th Regt., in 1862. Silas Dunn. Enlisted iu the lS9th Regt.. in 1864. Washington N. Dulcher. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. ^Villiam Henry Dutcher. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. Aljiheus V. Eaghn. Enlisted in the 7th Kcgt., in 1861. Levi Ellis. Enlisted in the 189t:i Regt., in 1864. Warren L. Ellis. Enlisted in the lS9th Kegt., in 1864. Frank Emery. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864; killed in battle, March 30, 1865, at Ford's Farm. Homer Lester Farmer. Enlisted iu the 14th Regt., in 1861 ; killed at Malvern Hill, Juno 31, 1862. Martin Farr. * Joseph A. Farrer. Enlisted in the 3d Regt., in 1863. Robert H. Feeler. Enlisted in the 29th Regt., in 1863. Peter B. Ferris. Enlisted in the lS9th Regt., in 1864. Orange 8. Fitch. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862. Asa Philip Forbes. Enlisted in the 147lh Regt., in 1862. David W. Franklin. Enlisted in the 97th Regt., in 1861; recnlisted in97lhRegt., in 1804. Henry Fritt. Enlisted in the 149th Kegt., in 1802. Augustus Fritz. John Fitzsimnions. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. James F. Garvin. Enlisted in the 14th Regt. Michael Gallagher. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1863; killed in battle at Chapin Farm, Sept. 29, 1864. Levi Oibbins. Enlisted in, the ISUth Regt., in 1861. Thomas Gibler. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862. Alonzo Gilbert. Enlisted injthe 110th Regt., in 1862. Lewis Gilford. Enlisted in,'the 1st Regt., in 1861. Samuel Godfrey. Enlisted in the 189th Kcgt., in 1864. George Goodrich. Enlisted in the 110th Regt , in 1862. Robert F. Goodrich. Enlisted in the 147th Kegt., in 1862. Edward F. Goff. Enlisted in the 16th Regt., in 1865. John Granger. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862. John Green. Enlisted in the 117th Kegt., in 1864. William C. Green. Enlisted in the 117th Kegt., in 1864. Henry Grismeycr. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862. Scfh Hall. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1865. Simon Hallagan Enlisted in the 1S9th Kegt., in 1864. Albert Hamilton. Enlisted in the 189th Kegt., in 1S64. Herman Hamilton. Enlisted in the 12th Regt., in 1861. Obcd Hamilton. Enlisted in the 104th Regt., in 1863. Samuel Hamilton. Enlisted in the 11th Regt., in 1863. Victor Hallock. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1802. Frederick A. Harris. Henry Harris. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1804. Jason L. Harris. Enlisted in the 2d Regt., in 1863 : was pro. tocorp. ; died of wounds in Washington, D. C, June 12, 1864. John H.Hayes. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862 : died June 29, 1804, of sickness caused in the service. Wilson Haynes. Enlistel in the I22d Regt., in 1862. Charles S. Hazen. Enlisted in the llOth Regt., in 1802; pro. to Corp.; died at Key West, Fla., June 25, 1864. Wm. Hedriok. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1861. Columbus Henklcy. Wm. J. Hendrick. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. Lucius Howard. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862. Jonathan Hoffman. Enlisted iu the 11th Regt., in 1862. Heury C. Hulbrook. Enlisted in the 1st Regt., in 1802; re-enl'd in the 1st Kcgt., in 1864. Charles H. Holly. Edward H. IIooso. Enlisted in the lS9th Regt.. in 1864. Henry S. Hoose. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862. Benjamin Houghkeep. Enlisted in the 122d Regt, in 18 > '. Cornelius Houghtaliug. Enlisted in the 6th Regt., in 1864. Wm. H. Houghtaliug. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. Dennis Jackson. Enlisted in the 9th Regt., in 1863. Martin Jast. Enlisted in the 14lh Kegt., in 1865. Hugh Kelly. Enlisted in the 13th Md, Regt., in 1805. Michael Kelly. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1802. Robert Kelly. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1865. Martin Kennedy, Runney Kilbourn. Enlisted in the 110th Kegt., in 1861; died of wounds in Washington, D. C, July 10, 1864. Jauiaiu Kimball. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864; killel in battle near Field's Farm, March 30, 1805. John Kimball. Enlisted in the 189th Regt, iu 1801. John A. Lane. Enlisted in the UOth Kegt., in 1802. Joseph Lane. Enlisted in the 1 10th Regt., in 1802. David B. Lewis. Enlisted in the 147th Rogt., in 1862. John W. Lewis. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862; died at Key West, Fla., June 11, 1864. Franklin Lince. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1862; died in Wash- ington, D. C, December 11, 1862. Harry Lince. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862. Napoleon B. Lince. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1862. Charles Marble. Enlisted in the 1st Regt., in 1864. David Marble. Enlisted in the 14th Kcgt., in 1801. Edward Marble. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1861 ; rc-cnl'd iu the 189th Regt., in 1S64. George T. Marble. Enlisted in the 139th Kcgt., in 1864. James Marcellus. Enlisted in the 2d Regt., in 1863. William Marcellus. Enlisted in the 93d Regt., in 1865. William Marra. Enlisted in the 189th Kegt., in 1864. Ben. F. Marsden. Enlisted in the 110th Regt, in 1862, George C. Marshall. Enlisted in the llOlh Regt, in 1862. Stephen -Marshall. Enlisted in the UOth Kegt, iu 1802. Franklin M. MeCluvey. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1865. Nicholas McCoy. Enlisted iu the 117th Regt, in 1802; died at Al- exandria, Va. 29G HISTORr OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Jcasc R. McCri-j-. Eulistcd in ibo 110th llcgt., in 1SC2. David Mcl.»uf;hlin. Enlistoil in the IHb Kegt., in l-SCl. James 11. Miller. Enlisted in the 2>th Kcgt., in 1S03. llcurj Qeorge Mills. Enlisted in 1803. Velsom Muntrop. Enlisted in the MTth Rcgt., in 1862. Robert Moore. I'bilo Mour;. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1862. David .Mudler. Enlisted in the 14tb Regt., in 186J. Owen Mulbolland. Enlisted in the IH'Jtb Rogt., in 1K64. Ueorgo Mullen. Enlisted in the 14th Kegt., in 18G5. David Mur|)by. Cunrad Myers. Enlisted in the 14tb Rogt., in 18G3. James .\. Natson. Enlisted in the IS'.ith Regt., in 1864. Uuborl Nelson. Enlisted iu the llOth Kegt., in 1802. .Andrew Niekorson. Enlisted in the Isvib Regt.. in 1864. Elias Nilsun. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1802. Charles Noye. Enlisted in the 81st Regt., in 1861. Simon 11. Uilell. Enlisted in the lS9th Regt., in 1864. Lewis K. Oringor. Enlisted in the 81ft Regt., in 1804. Amos (i. Payn. Enlisted in the IS'Jth Regt., in 1804. Wiu. Perkins. Enlisted in the l8'Jtb Re^'t., in 1S04. John K. Persall. Enlisted in the ISUth Regt., in 1804. H. Pettis. Enlisted in the 24th Rugl., in 1804. Albeit Philli|.s. Enlisted in the 22d Ki-gt., in 1804. Augustus .M. Phillips. Enlisted in the llUtb Regt., in ISAI. Henry Phillips. Enlisted in the 24th Regt., iu 1804. John U. Phillips. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., in 1801; died at Washington in 1802, of sickness acquired in the service. Alexander Plumb. Enlisted iu the 147th Rcgt., in 1802; killed in the battle of Gettysburg. Simon A. Plumb. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1802. Alonzo R. Pryor. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1802. Altord Fttuohor Purdy. Enlisted in the llOlh Regt., in 1802. Miitlhow Purdy. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1S62. Patrick Purdy. Enlisted in the 97th Regt., in 1801 ; died at Bal- timore, July, 1802, of sickness aci^uired in the service. John E. Quackonbush. Enlisted in the 18Uth Regt., in 1804. p'rauk Kadley. Enlisted in the 147th Kegt., in 1802. Italsar Rcdiuk. Enlisted in the 1 10th Regt., iu 1862; died at Key West. Fla., May 29, 1804, of yellow fever. David Reese. Enlisted in the UOlh Kegt., in 1862. Andrew C. Kenolds. Enlisted in the ISOth Kegt., in 1864. .Andrew J. Reymore. Enlisted in the iy3d Regt., in 1805. William K. Kobbins. Enlisted in the 147tb Regt., in 1862. Clifford E. Kohdo. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in IS04. (ioorge II. Rohde. Enlisted in the 1st Regt., in ISOI. Hamilton Rowley. Enlisted in the 110th Kegt., in 1802. Miirtin Rowley. Enlisted in the 189th Kegt., in 1.SG4. Abraham Russell. Enlisted in the 110th Kegt., in 1802. DcL^atur Russell. Enlisted in the U7lh Kegt., iu 1802. John Ryan. Enlisted in the lS9th Regt., in 1864. Elan Seymourc. Enlisted in the 147tli Kegt., in 1862; died in Wash- ington, D. C, Jan. 30, 1S04. William Sheldon. Enlisted in the 2d Kegt., in 1863. James .v. Sheridan. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1861. Uranvillc Short. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862. John 13. Simpson. Enlisted in the 110th Kegt., in IS02. Abel Smith. Enlisted iu the 1 10th Kegt., in 1SC2. Calvin A. Smith. Enlisted in the 31st Regt., in 1803. Charles Smith. Enlisted in the I4tli Regt., in 186j. James M. Smith. Enlisted in the 57lh Kegl., in 1803. Thomas .Smith. William 0. Smith. J. .Southerland. Enlisted in the 14tb Regt.. in 1805. Reuben Sparrouk. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1S62. William Squires. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1802. Hiram N. Stanton. Enlisted in the 22d Regt., in 1804; died while a prisoner at Andcrsonville. June 14, 1804. Samuel R. Stanton. Enlisted in the 22d Regt., in 1804; died Jan. 2, 1805, at Annapolis, .Md. Charles Stebbins. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 18C2. Andrew J. Stinger. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862; died at Port Hudson, La., July 30, 1803. William Stoby. Enlisted in the \H Regt., in 1804. Robert Stone. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., iu 1865. Dennis Stratlon. Enlisted in the llOtb Rcgt., in 1802: died in New Orleans, La., Feb. 19, 1803. David Tanner. Enlisted in the 101st Kegt., in 1862. Frank Tarpenny. Enlisted in the 0th Kegt., in 1864. David R. Taylor. Enlisted in the UOth Kegt., in 1.S62. James Martin Taylor. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., in 1802. Philo R. Taylor. Enlisted in the 93d Regt., in 1861. William A. Taylor. Enlisted in the IStUli Kegt., in 1804. Spofford L. Thayer. Enlisted in the 24th Regt., in 1804. L. Tetur. Enlisted in the 189tb Regt., in 1804. Thomas N. Tracy. Enlisted in the UOth Kegt., in 1802. Harry Thompson. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1805. John Town. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1S04. Aaron V. Vundenburg. Enlisted in the 12th Regt., in 1863. Andrew J. Vandenburg. Enlisted in the 14th Regt., in 1801. Peter E. Vandenburg. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1864. Henry P. Vanderweaken. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1804. George A. Vamicr. Enlisted in the 97th Kegt., in 1861. H. Van lercook. Enlisted in the 8l9t Regt., in 1801. Russell Volncy. Enlisted in the 147th Kegt., in 1802. George Warren. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1802. Alexamler Waters. Enlisted in the 24tb Regt., in 1805. Arthur Jones Watson. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., in 1804. David W. Weed. Enlisted in the 2d Rogt., in 1S04 ; died of wounds at Cold Harbor, May 15, 1804. Albert Harvey Wells. Enlisted in 1803. Charles A. Wells. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862. Henry Wells. Enlisted in the 8l6t Regt., in 1801. Wm. Wills. Enlisted in the Slst Regt., in 1801; died at Newport, April 18, 1802, of sickness caused iu the service. Wm. Edwin Wells. Enlisted in the 13lh Rcgt., in 1803. Isaac P. West. Enlisted in the 81st Rcgt., in 1801. Peleg E. West. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., iu 1864. Daviil Whipple. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862. David White. Enlisted in the 2d Kegt., in 1801. George Widrig. Enlisted in the 13tb Regt., in IS64; died in Jan., 1805, of sickness caused iu the army. Squire Widrig. Enlisted in the 13th Regt., in 1864; died at Wash- ington, D. C. Valentine Widrig. Enlisted in the 13th Regt., in 1864; died in Aug., 1864, of sickness caused in the service. Albert Wilbur. Enlisted iu the 14th Kegt.. in 1805. Andrew J. Williard. Enlisted in the UOth Kegt., in 1802 ; died at Key West, Fla., June 25, 1804. George Williard. Enlisted in the 13th Regt., in 1803. Russell G. Willis. Enlisted in the 147lh Rcgt., iu 1802. Charles D. Wilson. Enlisted in the Slst Kegt., in 1804. Ellis Wilson. Enlisted in the UOth Kegt., in 1802. George Wilson. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., in 1862. ChArles H. Wines. Enlisted in the 104tb Regt., in 1804. David Wines. Enlisted in the 147th Kegt., in 1802; died at Bcllo Pliiinc, La., May 2, 1803, of accidental wounda. George Wines. Enlisted in the 147tb Regt., in 1862. James O. Wines. Enlisted in the 147th Rcgt., in 1802; died April 27, 1863, at Washington, D. C, of sickness acquired in the serv. John P. Winn. Enlisted in the Slst Regt., in 1801. Moseley Witt. Enlisted in the UOth Kegt., in 1802. Ellis A. Wood. Enlisted in the Slst Kegt., in 1801 ; diol May 18, ISC2, at Fortress Mtuiroe, Va. Kimball Wood. Enlisted in the 50th Eng. Kegt., iu 1801 ; died at Washington, D. C, November 3, 1801. Lovell M. Woolman. Enlisted in the 13th Kegt., in 1863; died in service, September, 1804. Frederick Wright. Enlisted in the 18ilth Kegt., in 1804. Charles F. Yates. Enlisted iu the 189th Regt., in 1804. William York. Enlisted in the Isl Regt., in 1804. Charles H. Zee. Resof I. W. BZNNDT,Orw€ll, Oswego Co.,Ins to the localities and individuals within his own stronghold. So the cluster of two or three hou.ses on the hill, where John French kept tavern shortly after the war, was called Pekin, anil the name has endured to the present day, in RESIDENCE or JAMES J. MONTAGUE, ORWELL OSWEGO co, N Y HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 299 spite of tlie official aiipellation of Jloliiio, afterwards given to tlie post-office tliere. The settlement at Balch's tavern young; Eastman called iMoscow, and the name was in use for many years, but finally gave way to that of Orwell. His- tory and mythology, too, as well as geography, were drawn on by the young name-giver. The settlement on the river flats, below Pekin, he called " Syphax," because there was a very dark-complexioned man lived there, and Syphax was a celebrated African. But that didn't stick. A one-eyed man, who lived up the river from Pekin, in a solitary house in the wood.s, the fiinciful 3'outh named " Cy- clops," and a circumstance of the early days confirmed the resemblance to the fierce giants of old. A gentleman of apparent wealth, richly dressed, and sparkling with jewels, came out into the woods to examine lands. He boarded with " Cyclops" while pursuing his investigations, as well as liunting and fishing. Suddenly he disappeared, and was hoard of " nevermore." Wealthy relatives came from the east to seek for him, but the gorges of Salmon river told no tale regarding the unfortunate stranger. His one-eyed liost soon left the country, followed by dark suspicions, but their truth or falsehood was never made certain to mortal minds. The spring and summer of 1817 were noted for the scar- city of food, resulting from the meagreness of the crops raised during the preceding " cold summer." As harvest- time approached the old supply became almost completely exhausted, and starvation looked in at the door of many a log cabin, if it did not actually enter. Samuel Stowell re- lates that his brother Orrin went to Adams, Ji-ff'erson county, with an ox-sled, and obtained grain enough to last his family till harvest. In two or three days the fact was known all over town. " Orrin Stowell has got some grain," " Orrin Stowell's folks have bread to eat," were statements which passed rapidly from lip to lip, awakening greater interest in the half-famished people than would the return of Bonaparte from St. Helena. Even the possession of money would not always insure that of food. "I have known," says Mr. Stowell, ''of men going all over Jefferson county with money in their pockets, and then coming back without grain." Still, people with full pur.ses could generally get something somewhere. But it was hard times indeed fjr those with neither money nor food. Labor would bring absolutely nothing to eat. " I know," says to us the same authority ju.st ([uoted, '• of families going without bread that season for six weeks on a stretch." " But how did they live?" "They lived on fish, greens, and milk." " Well, that is rather a light diet, but we suppose people can exist on it for a wliile, but it was hard work to work on it. The two Gilbert boys, Allen and Edward, after a break- fast of milk and greens, went (mt in the woods and chopped till noon ; they returned, declaring that they couldn't work any longer without something in the sliape of bread. Their mother hunted around and found some bran that had been thrown aside; this she sifted over, obtaining a little coarse meal, out of which she made a cake. The young men ate it and returned to their work, declaring they had never tasti-d anything .so good before in their lives." After harvest, scores of ox-sleds wore to be seen hurrying (as fast as oxen could well hurry) along the dry, hard mad to Pulaski, where the nearest grist-mill was situated, each bearing a bag of wheat, destined soon to make joyful the hearts of some long-famished family. Our friend Stowell made the journey to mill with the usual conveyance. He took the usual precautions, too, of guarding against acci- dents by carrying an axe and auger with him. There were but one or two houses between Orwell Corners and Pulaski. On his return, late in the afternoon, his sled ran against a stump, and both tongue and roller were broken. Cutting a couple of Saplings ("saddles" the old settlers called them) he repaired his vehicle, but it was dark before he was ready to proceed. It was soon " pitch dark," and the stumps threatened more danger than ever. A lantern with a candle in it was something altogether beyond the reach of most of the pioneers, but one of the residents on the I'oad furnished the traveler with a "jack-light," — that is, a large piece of fat pine, — and with its aid he made his way home ; the pine torch throwing a broad glare over man and beast, over nar- row road and dangerous stump. The "light of other days" usually streamed from a piece of fat pine, and that primitive torch was in cotjstant demand on both land and water, being the chief means by which the unlucky salmon were be- trayed to the spears of their foes. In 1817 the first militia company was organized in the new town ; Supervisor John Reynolds being the first cap- tain, Eli Strong, Jr., lieutenant, and Timothy Balch, ensign. The two subordinates were afterwards successively promoted to captain. When general training-time came, the Orwell militia started for Mexico, where that important ceremony was usually enacted. All went on foot, for there were not two horses in town. They started the day before the mus- ter and returned the day after its close, making in all a journey of no slight magnitude. In 1818, Nathaniel Beadle, with his .son John and five others, came into town, and settled near " Moscow" or Or- well Corners. Mr. John Beadle says that even then Balch's was the only house immediately at the Corners. There were • only two corners there, — those made by the junction of the Pulaski road with the main, highway from Rome to Sack- ett's Harbor. The road eastward had not been laid out. About 1819 an incident occurred in town illustrative of the danger which, in many varied forms, attended the steps of tlie hardy pioneer. Perley Wynnui, who lived on the road to Redtield, being annoyed by a bear, set a spring- gun to slay the intruder. Unfortunately, the young man himself happened to interfere with the spring-gun before the bear did, and received a bullet in his leg, which shat- tered the bone and necessitated amputation. Yet, in spite of this drain on his vital force, Mr. Wyman survived the hardships of pioneer life until 1876. Near 1820, or a little later, a man named Jonas Thomp- son built a saw-mill at Pekin, with a run of stone attached, whiph was the first thing in the shivpe of a grist-"mill in town. By this time Orwell had got pretty well umlef way. Set- tlers were cinning in so rapidly as to make it 0)it of the question to record their separate names. The fijrest was falling, and cabins were rising in all directions. School- 300 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUiNTY, NEW YORK. houses increased in number, and their rough walls not only resounded on week-days with the clamorous " A B C's" and " four times four's" of juvenile soverciirns, but on Sun- days re-cciiot'd to the earnest if not polished elor|uence of pioneer preachei-s. Calkins, Cole, Fairbanks, Finlcy, and many others at various times delivered the gospel in these jiriniitive temples. In 1827, Uoylslon was organized as a town, reducing Orwell to its present limits. Mr. George W. Cogswell, who came in that year, says there were then but two or three liou.ses at Orwell Corners. There was no store, but there was a little grocery at Pckin. People had then begun to have horses ; but such w«s the state of the roads in spring and fall that a journey to the Pulaski mill, with a horse-team, sunietiiiies involved a two-days' journey. The first store at the Corners was opened about 1830; but our authorities differ as to whether the earliest mer- chant was Alvin Strong or the firm of Gilbert i& Decker. It was near tlii-s time, also, that the road was laid out I'kiui the Corners east to Redfield. In 1834, when Mr. John Parker settled in town, he states that the farthest house east on that road was only about a quarter of a mile from the village. But immigrants soon made their way in there, and as that locality was the newest it was naturally the roughest settlement in town. Our friend Eastman, who retained his fondness for giv- ing names, had heard of a place called " Shatagee" some- where, and thought it would well c.x])ress the primitive character of the neighborhood in (|uestion. The name "stuck," and has been retained to this day. "Shatagee," however, is merely a corrujition of Cliateaugay, the name of a French town or estate, and this in turn is derived from the two French words chuieau and jai, meaning gay man- sion or festive castle. So the Chateaugayiiians can boast of as high-toned a name as eould well be desired. Afterwards another road was laid out to the northward, which was called Voree, but we are unable to give the derivation of that name. About 1835, Reuben Salisbury built the first grist-mill at Orwell Corners, and the first of any consequence in town. Though the western part of Orwell was now ]irctty well settled, yet the wolves and bears were still numerous, especially the latter. Mr. Stowell recounts to us a great slaughter of the ursines at this period, in which he took part. Hearing his brother's bear-dog barking iu the woods, he slipped a rope over his own and started for the scene of the fray. Orrin Stowell, however, and his son, a boy of twelve or fourteen, were there first with a riHe. They found the bear at bay and the dog barking at it. The old man gave the boy the first chance ; so the latter marched hurriedly up within about twenty rods and fired; but the excitement was too much for his youthful nerves, and the bullet went wide of the murk. The father reloaded, and the ne.xt time the youngster went up within twelve rods and fired, with the same result. This wouldn't do; so the old gentleman again loaded the rifle, took deliberate aim at the angry brute, fired and killed her. Then the dog began barking at a tree, on which a cub was discovered, and another shot from Orrin Stowell's rifle brought hiiu lifeless to the "round. Then still another cub started up, and started to take shelter iu the underbrush. But in the mean time Samuel Stowell had come up and let loo.se his dog. One dogsi'ized the poor cub by the ear and one by the haunch, but he was quite a match for them both. As they rolled over together, growling and fighting, the blows of Samuel Stowell's club fell oftenest on the dogs, and they let go. One of iheni, however, seized hold again, and then both cub and dog fell into a deep hole in the creek, where they continued the fight, sometimes one being under water and sometimes the other. The bear's no.se was the vulnerable point to be struck at. The boy got the first chance at it, and the animal fell stunned by the side of the creek. The cutting of his throat completed the combat. Similar scenes frequently took place in varimis parts of the town, except that the number of the victims was less. About 1838 a .small tannery was built at Orwell Corners, and a new incentive was giviMi to clear the ground of its hemlocks. A stronger motive, however, was foiind in the fact that when tho.se rough hill-sides were once subdued, and the t(M>-plentiful stones placed in walls or jiiles, excel- lent grazing-land was found beneath that unpromising exterior. It was not uniil 1843 that a church edifice was built in town, when a union house of worship was erected at the Corners by the citizens, devoted to the u.se of all denoiui- nations. This was followed about 1850 by a Methodist church at Pckin, which by that time some of the people called JMolino, a post-oftice of that name having been estab- lished there ten years or more before. By this lime Orwell Corners had become quite a flour- ishing village, the Cliateaugay road was thickly settled, and the Voree region was reclaimed from the wilderness. In 18,^)4 the tannery was rebuilt on a large scale by Weston & Lewis, who had purchased it, and thenceforth it cm- ployed directly and indirectly a large number of men, and brought very considerable sums of money into the town. AVlieii the rebellion broke out the sons of Orwell re- sponded generously to their country's call, as will be seen by the long roll of those who crowded the ranks of the Twenty-fourth, One Hundred and Tenth, and C)ne Hun- dred and Forty-seventh Infantry, the Twenty-fourth Cavalry, and other corps. In October, 1864, the town voted seven thousand eight hundred dollars to pay bounties to the soldiers. All the volunteers were, of course, discharged the next year, and most of them returned to the labors of the farm and the workshoj). If their military experience had disposed them to u.se the hunter's rifle, they needed not to look far for a proper field. Not only were the forests of Lewis county near at hand, but the bears still strayed occasionally among the cultivated fields of Orwell. " Pa," exclaimed the little daughter of Colonel G. F. Woodbury, a well-known resident of the village of Orwell, one summer Sunday of 1871, — "pa, thtre was a bear just went through our garden !" " Nonsense, child ; it was only a big black dog." " No, it wasn't ; it was a bear. It didn't jump over the fence like a dog ; it just scrambled right over." The colonel stepped to the door, but saw nothing, and t. 2 / "V rn j ■s.i^^s^ 5 \ '\, \ HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 301 felt sure the child was mistaken. A short time afterwards a lady in the village saw a big black animal waddling along back of her house, and hastily concluding that it was a bear started out to inform a neighbor ; but before reaching his house she began to think she might be mistaken, and, un- willing to run the risk of ridicule, she returned home. But the next day the unmistakable Bruin was seen by many persons still stumbling around the purlieus of the vill.-ige. A few men hastily called out some shepherd dogs to attack the intruder, but they could not be got anywhere near within reach of those formidable paws. As soon as possible men rallied with guns and iiounds ; but by this time bruin had taken the alarm and set off at his best speed for the big woods. His pursuers followed for several miles, but failed to get sight of him again. But this was an extraordinary occurrence, and not likely to happen again at the village, though the quadrupeds in question are still sometimes seen in the eastern part of the town. Meanwhile it is plain that the cows are beating the bears, — no less than five large cheese- factories attesting the value of the stone-walled pastures of Orwell. One of these is at Orwell village, owned by Albert Thompson, one at I'ekin, by Snell, one on the Cliateaugay road, by Jas. Hilton, one at Voree, by John Stowell, and one near the Richland line, by Dwight McKinney. It is doubtful if another town in the State, of no larger population, has as many cheese-factories. At Orwell village, or Orwell Corners, as it is more com- monly called, a bright little place of some four hundred inhabitants, the handsome white houses of which gleam out on heavily-shaded streets, are to be found, besides the cheese-factory just mentioned, the following manufacturing and mercantile establishments and professional men : The tannery of Lane, Pierce & Co., of Boston, which is capable of turning out five hundred hides per week, or twenty-five thousand per year. It employs about twenty- five hands directly, besides the bark-men. This is the same establishment, before mentioned, which was rebuilt by More- ton & Lewis in 185-t, it having been sold by them to the present proprietors in 1874. Planing-mill, etc., of Stowell & Latimer ; saw-mill of W. Henderson ; dry-goods and grocery store of G. F. Woodbury ; grist-mill of W. F. King; feed-store of E. S. Beecher. George W. Nelson, M.D., physician and surgeon ; D. A. Lawton, M.D., phy- sician and surgeon. Outside of the village there are, as an Iri.shman would saj', no business houses but cheese-factories and saw-mills. Tiie former have been mentioned ; of the latter there are the large one of Po.st & Henderson, on Salmon river, above the falls; the steam saw-mills of William Beecher & Gridley, north of the Cliateaugay road ; those of Hiram Snow & Vaudry, north of Yoree ; also the mill of George Caster, on the Sandy Creek road, and of A. (i. Stdwell, on the Boylsfon road. A history of Orwell would be incomplete without a more full description than wo have yet given of one of the great natural curiosities of the State, — Salmon river falls. That tiicy are not as celebrated as might be expected is due partly to tiieir secluded locality, and partly to the fact that in the Kuniuier, when it is most convenient to reach them, Salmon river is usually so low that its water, at the falls, does not extend half-way across the chasm. But at the time of high water, in spring, autumn, and early summer, there are few more interesting spectacles in the whole range of natural phenomena. A ride of three miles east from Richland Station, on the Rome and Watertown railroad, takes the traveler to Orwell village, and three miles more to the southeastward, on one of the roads to Redfiekl, brings him to the vicinity of the cataract. On his right he sees the outline of a great chasm dro]iping down between walls of hemlocks, and marking the course of Salmon river. Presently the roar of many waters strikes upon his ear; the road approaches clo.se to the river-bank ; he alights, pushes his way tln-ough a fringe of evergreens, and stands face to face with the cataract. A dozen rods in front of him the river, two hundred feet wide and six feet deep, plunges over an almost perpen- dicular precipice the measured distance of one hundred and eight feet. On either side of the abyss into which it falls ri.ses a wall of earth and slate, also nearly perpendicular, extending almost a hundred feet above the top of the fall, or two hundred above the bottom. The tops of both banks are covered with hemlocks and other evergreens, the dark foliage of which forms a fitting frame for this great natural picture. Twenty rods below the cataract the river rushes through a narrow gorge not more than a hundred feet wide, the walls of which are still nearer the perpendicular, beyond which eye loses sight of it as it pursues its devious way towards Lake Ontario. It soon leaves the limits of Orwell, and we can only dwell there long enough to present a few statistics. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OP ORWELL. This church was organized on the 13th day of March, 1858, under the pastorate of the Rev. Jacob R. Shipherd ; being composed of members of the previous Presbyterian church, which was formed in 1809. The latter was very feeble, and had no regular supply of ministers until Decem- ber, 18-15. The Presbyterian pastors from that time until ' the organization of the Congregational church were Messrs. Wilson, Wheelock, and Webb. The first members of the Congregational church were Frances Beadle, B. Maria Beadle, Orpha Burkitt, Malinda Groat, David Hollis, Laura Hollis, Jane Potter, Elon Sto- well, Abigail Stowell, Selinda Stowell, Temperance A. Sto- well, Cornelius Acker, and Ruth Acker. The first officers were Rev. J. R. Shipherd, pastor, Elon Stowell and David Hollis, deacons. The pastors since Mr. Shipherd have been Rev. Messrs. Cutter, Bates, Decker, Cro.sby, and Greeley ; the last, Rev. Frank N. Greeley, being the present minis- ter. Their efforts have been blessed with marked success, especially during the past winter of 1876-77, when an earnest revival took place, by which the membership was raised from the previous number of about twenty to no less than eighty-five. The present deacons are Jas. F. Davis, David Hollis, and C. McKinney ; the present clerk is A. M. Campbell. ORWELL CIRCUIT OF THE METHODI.ST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This circuit cousists of five classes : one at Orwell village, 302 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. on«j at ("hatuaufpiy, one at Pekin, one on Salniim river, near the line of Albion, and one in Albion. The existence of the circuit ilates back to a very early iHirimJ, when the Mctliodisit niini-slei-s rode fn>m one little loi; school-house to another, u.>. West, Ralj^h Pratt, Edward Near, Jabez Clark, N. Ilamblin. Each statiiin on the circuit has a Sundaj'-scliool, with an afi^egate of two hundred and seventy scholars. The Sunday-school at OrwcU villaire, however, is a union school, with fifteen leachci-s, about eij;hty pupils, and one liundred and fourteen volumes in the library. 31 rs. James Davis is the superintendent. The house of worship at that iioiiit is also a " union" hou.se, built, as has before been stated, in 1843. The cost was one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three dollars ; the size is thirty-six feet by fifty-two. It was dedicated in February, 1845, by Rev. Messrs. Robinson and Mattison. Besides the churches above named, there is a class at Chateatifray, and another at Voree, belon^iiif; to the Boyls- ton and Orwell circuit of the iNIelliodist Protestant church ; the majority of the members uf the circuit being in Boylston. OUWEI.L LOliUE, .NO. 54, I. O. G. T. This lodge was organized April 22, 18CC. The charter- members were Frank J. Parker, G. W. Hollis, J. J. Hollis, Mrs. J. J. Hollis, Albert J. Pottei-, Giles E. Martin, Erwin Beecher, Ira S. Piatt, Jlrs. Ira S. I'latt, Orville Mareness, John A. Hollis, Mrs. A. M. Hollis, Mrs. Giles E. Martin, John Parker, Celia M. Beecher, Mary Hollis, Frank A. Beeeher, Mary E. Vary. We are unable to dve the first officers, but the list of them must have corresponded very cln.sely with the roll of members. The number on that roll has •rrown, during the eleven years' successful lile of the lodge, from nineteen (o fifty-nine, and is still increasing. The present officers ( July, 1877) arc as follows: Chief Templar, A. Ci. Thorn p.son ; Vice-Temjilar, Mrs. AValstcin Baleh ; Secretary, C. W. Cogswell ; Assistant Secretary, Mrs. C. A. Cogswell ; Finan- cial Secretary, ].afayetto Hilton; Trea.surer, Celia McKiii- ney; Chaplain, A. J. Potter; Marshal. Fugene Slowell ; Deputy Mar-shal, Ella Latiinore: \. G,, .Mrs. Danieltior- don; O. G., Walstcin Baleh; R. H. S., May Thomp.son ; L H. S., Georgiana \\'oiHibuiv. ORWELL ORANGE, NO. C6, PATRONS OP HITSBANDRY. TliLs organiziition l>egan its existence on the 28th day of January, 1874, with the following officers : Worthy M:ister, J. J. Hollis; W. Overseer, Horace Par- ker; Lecturer, M. C. Groat; Steward, Henry Davis; As- .-iistant Stewards, A. J. Potter and Mrs. A. G. Tluunpson ; Treas., A. D. Bonner; Chaplain, William Hollis; Sec, J. H. Beadle ; Gate-keeper, A. G. Thompson ; Ceres, Mrs. E. G. Potter; Pomona, Mrs. A. J. Potter; Flora, Mrs. J. Burkett. J. J. Hollis was re-elected Ma.ster for 1S75, and I). McKinney was elected for 187C. The following are the present officers : W. M., .\lexander Potter; W. O., J. S. Piatt; W. Lee., M. C. Groat; W. See., II. S. Stowell; W. Treas., S. C. Davis; Chaplain, 0. H. P. Baker; Steward, Horace Parker; Assistant Stewards, A. J. Potter and Mrs. II. Parker; Gate-keeper, Roger Ames; Ceres, Mrs. A. J. Potter; Pomona, Mrs. S. D. Stowell ; Flora, Mrs. D. McKiimey. The grange meets every Tuesday evening, in Nelson's Hall, Orwell village, and has at jiresent fifty-six members in good standing. It has been amply successful thus far in its career, and is receiving the support of a very substantial portion of the agricultural pojiulatioii of Orwell. The Sujiervisors of Orwell — with years of .service — have been as follows : John Reynolds, 1817-24, 1826-30,1833; John Wart, 1825; Jabez H. Gilbert. 1831-.'?2, 18;'.5-36 ; Alban Strong, 1834, 1837,1842; Theodore S. Gilbert, 1838; Mason Salisbury, 1839 ; John Beadle, 1840, 1843; Henry Tillinghast, 1841 ; Orimcl B. Olmstead. 1844, 1856, 18G2, 18G3; Nathan Simons, 1845, 1847-48; William Beecher, Jr., 1846; Flavel Crocker, 1849; Edward Allen, 1850-52; William Strong, 1851, 1860; Daniel Pruyn, 1853; Orrin Beadle, 1854; Floyd W. Aldrich, 1855; Hoyt N. Weed, 1857-59, 1861 ; Alexander Potter, 1864- -73; H. H. Potter, 1874-75; Norman Hall, 1S7G-77. The Town Clerks liave been — Elis Strong, Jr., 1817-18; Samuel Stowell, 1819-21 ; James B. Sandford, 1822, 1824 ; Moses Snyder, 1823; Reuben Snyder, 1825; J. H. Gil- bert, 1826-29; Alban Strong, 1830-33; Hiram Tow.sley, 1834, 1842; Edward Allen, 1835; Dolson .Morton, 1S3G- 37 ; MiLson Salisbury, 1838; Alanson Strong, 1839, 1843; John H. Cook, 1840-41; Orimel B. Olmstead, 1844; William Strong, 1845 ; S. F. Mason, 1846-47, 1849, 1852- 55, 1857, 1861 ; James F. Davis, 1848; Milo C. Beman, 1850; M. H. Thomas, 1851; George E. Stowell, 1856, 1858, 1802; Ira S. Piatt, 1859; Hoyt N. Weed, 1860, 1865-66; Homer J. Burch, 1803; T. T. Richard.s, 1864 ; Robert N. Sawyer, 1867-08; Nelson C. Burch, 1869-72; Frank J. Parker, 1873-74, 1876; A. E. Olmstead, 1875 ; George W. Nelson, 1877. The present officers of Orwell are as follows: Su|>ervisor, Norman Hall; Town Clerk, George W. NeWn ; Ju.sticcs of the Peace, James Shores, George F. Woodbury, Edward Near, John Parker; As.sessors, Truman Saiisb\iry, Lewis E. Joy, S. C. Davis; Commissioner of Highways, James E. Fisher; Overseer of Poor, H. II. Fin.ster; Town Audi- tors, Dwight McKinney. Hiram Snow, Elvin G. Potter; In.s](eetors of Election, Henry Bonner. George E. Stowell, George D. Thomas; Constables, Ralj.h W. Pratt, Walstein naleli, Ifeiiry A'aii .\uken, Samuel King; Game Couslable, 'ST HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 303 Honry Bonner; Sealer of Weights and Measures, N. C. Burcli ; Excise Commissioners, B. F. Lewis, C. MeKiiiney, D. S. Pratt. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JAMES J. MONTAGUE was born in Orwell, February 2, 183G. His father, Nathan F. Montague, was a native of Vermont, and his motlicr"o? CoiTncclTcuir They settled in Orwell in 182G, on tlie farm now occupied by H. H. Potter, and lived there up to 185i, when they moved on to the farm now occupied and owned by their son, the subject of this sketch. The father lost his life by an accident in 1859. The mother has been deranged for nearly thirty years, and has been cared for by her son for the last eighteen years. Mr. Montague was first married in 1862, February 1, to Mary D. King. Three children were the result of this mar- riage, two of whom died in infancy. 'A daughter, Gcorgi- amia, is the only one surviving. Mrs. Montague died October 14, 1871, and Mr. Montague was again married January 1, 1873, to Mrs. Martha M. Vannier, sister of his first wife, and the mother of two children, Mrs. Mary E. Lewis and Herbert M. Vannier. A daughter, Edith, was the result of the latter marriage. After the death of his father Mr. Montague took the farm, and in 1874 built the house in which he now lives. His "milk and cream" house is a model of its kind, and uo one can boast better butter tlian Mr. IMontague. To within two years Mr. Montague has acted with the Democratic party, but having become satisfied that temper- ance is the only live political issue before the country, lie has from that time voted with the Prohibition party. For ten years he has been an active member in the Metliodist Episcopal church. Though his township was strongly Re- publican, he was elected to the oflSce of assessor for one term of three years. Mr. Montague is a thorough farmer, a good citizen, and deservedly enjoys the esteem of all who know him. HON. JOHN PARKER. The subject of this sketch was born in the town of Steuben, Oneida county. New York, December 27, 1810. His father, John Parker, and mother, who.se maiden name was Louisa Frisby, were natives of Columbia county. New York. The mother died in Steuben in 1823. Tiiey had seven children, of whom Mr. Parker is the only one sur- viving. The father died September, 1843. Mr. Parker was married ."March 15, 1831, to Polly E. Bonner. Nino children were born to them, six sons and three daughters, of whom five sons and one daughter arc now living. The eldest, Charles H., is a resident of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The second, Horace, is a farmer in Orwell. The third and fourth, De Witt and Lorin B., the former a resident of Wisconsin, the latter of Minnesota. The only surviving daughter, Mary Alice, married William C. Hollis, who was killed at the second battle of Bull Run. She married for her second husband John Church, and is now living in Lowell, Massachusetts. Mr. Parker moved to Orwell, Oswego County, June 7, 1834, and settled on twenty-two acres situated one mile and a half northeast of Orwell, which he purchased of W. C. Pierpont at seven dollars per acre, giving his note for twenty-two dollars for first payment. He worked at jobs, chopping and clearing lands. Scarcely a farm in the neigh- borhood he has not helped to clear. He relates that while at work for John E. Potter at five sliillings per day, the latter, with another hand and himself, logged six aercs in five days and a half. By his industry, coupled with un- tiring energy, from small beginnings Mr. Parker is now the po.ssessor of near three hundred acres of land. At the present time he is living on his farm, situated about sixty rods west of Orwell. His home, a sketch of which is published in this work, is one of the pleasantest in the town. Mrs. Parker died November 18, 1873, and on March 11 of the following year Mr. Parker married Mrs. Maria Loring, whose maiden name was Davis. She was born in Steuben county. New York, and removed to Ovid, Branch county, Michigan. Mr. Parker is a Republican in politics, and was prominent in the organization of the party in the county. He voted for Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, and left the party upon the enactment of the fugitive slave law. He was elected assessor of the township in 1840, and has served in that capacity seven years, as highway commissioner four years, and as overseer of the poor two years. He was elected twice to the assembly, in 1865 and 1869, serving in the years 186G and 1870. All positions of public trust to which Mr. Parker has been called he has filled to the entire acceptance of his constitu- ents. His four sons and son-in-law served during the war, the latter, as before stated, losing his life. Mr. Parker states that eight men who had at different times worked for him were either killed or died in the army. It may be here stated that Mr. Parker's grandfather was killed in the Revolutionary war, and that his f\ither served in the war of 1812. Mr. Parker, though not a member of any church, has always contributed liberally to their support. He is a marked example of a self-made man, working his way from a poor boy, with slight advantages of early edu- cation, to the occupancy of positions of high public trust. S. C. DAVIS was born in Steuben, Oneida county. New York, December 22, 1822, the youngest of twelve children of Colonel leha- bod and Mary F. Davis. From the time he was seven to the twenty-third year of liis age he lived with his eldest sister, Mrs. Lorin Bushnell, at Lee, Oneida county. New Y'ork. He was married July 8, 1840, to IMary Sheldon, the sixth child of a family often children, — six girls and four boys. Her parents moved from North Adams, Blassachu- 304 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Belts, and settled in Lee, Oneida county. New York, in 1828. She was born in N(prth Adauis, November 11, 182G. They have two children, — Henry S. and Maryettie ; the forint-r is married to Cora Richardson, to whom u dauf;hter, Leila May, was born December 22, 1870. Mr. Davis settled in Orwell, on the farm where he still lives, March 4, 1851, then consistin. 23, 1802, on account uf w'ds rec'd in 2d Bull Hun battle. Rowland A. Bass. Enlisted May 4, 1SGI, in Co. U, 2Uh Inf. ; w'd in 2d Bull Run battle. Aug. 311, 1802 ; dis. May 2fl, 180:). Philo I. Bass. Enlisted iu Co. G, 24tli Inf., .May 4, 1801 ; killed in 2d Bull Run battle. Samuel J. Bass. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 1, 1862 ; died in hospital Aug. 12, 1803. Albert J. Potter. Enlisted in Co. C, lldth Inf., Aug. 0, 1SC2; dis. with regt. Aug. 28, 1805. Claudius W. Rider. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 1, 1801 ; in battles of Bayou Techc, Port Hudson, and VorDiilion; dis. with reg't Aug. 28, 1805. Lyman Houghton. Enlisted in Co. 0, 24th Inf., May 4, 1801 ; in battles of Fre < Co p b < } 1 W^^ % ^ Jl Ik < -*,^' HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 305 ■G' Nelson Caswell. Enlisted in Co. C, UOtli Inf., Aug. C, 1862; died lit Baton Rouge, La., M.ay 1, 1863. William Caswell. Enlisted in Co. C, llOtli Inf., Aug. 6, 1862; died at New Orleans, June 23, 1863. eorgo Damon. Enlisted in Co. C, llOtb Inf., Aug. I, 1802; died at Baton Rouge, Oct. 28, 1863. Amos Greenfield. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 6, 1362 ; died at New Orleans, May 19, 1863. Henry Loomis. Enlisted in Co. C, UOth Inf., .Vug. 9, 1852; died at Carrollton, La., January 27, 1863. Pliilip Manu. Enlisted in Co. C, llOth Inf., Aug. 6. 1862; died at Baton Rouge, La., April 20, 1863. Milo Stowell. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 6, 1862 ; died at Carridlton, La., March 7, 1863. Nelson Stowell. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 6,1802; died at New Orleans, April 30, 1863. Albert Stowell. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 0, 1862 ; died at Carrollton, Louisiana, Jan. 16, 1863. John F. Bonner. Enlisted in Co. E, lS9th Inf., Aug. 27, 1804; in battles of Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, and Ajjpomatto.v ; dis. May 3, ISOo. Goo. E. Stowell. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 27, 1864; dis. May 30, 1865. George Damon. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th luf., Aug. 24, 1804; dis. May 30, 1865. John N. Beadle. Enlisted in Co. E. 147lh Inf., Aug. 21, 1862 ; in battles of the Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvauia, North .\nna, Petersburg, and Five Forks; prom. 1st lieut. ; dis. June 7, I860. Alfred N. Beadle. Enl'd in Co. E, 147th Inf., Aug. 21, 1862; prom'd to 1st lieut. and quartermaster; dis. June 7, 1805. Mason S. Myres. Enlisted in Co.G, 24th Inf., Sept. 23, 1861; in battles of 2d Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville, and wounded at Gettysburg ; trans, to 7Gth Reg't May 29, 1863; dis. Sept. 26, 1864. Dewayne Damon. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Sept. 23, 1861 ; killed in 2d Bull Run battle, Aug. 30, 1862. John Wagoner. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Sept. 23, 1S61 ; trans. to 7Gth Reg't May 29, 1863; dis. Sept. 27, 1864. Henry Finster. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 29, 1864; in battles of Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, and Appomatto.x ; dis. May 30, 1805. Dewitt Carpenter. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Feb. 23, 1865; dis. Aug. 5, 1865. Dexter S. Greenfield. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., April 27, 1861 ; in battles of 2d Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericks- burg, Chan'sville; re-enl'd in Co. G, 24th Cav.; dis. Aug. 4, '60. Gilbert Crocker. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf. ; in 2d Bull Run battle and Fredericksburg; re-enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dee. 28, 1863 ; wounded at Cold Harbor. Lorcn B. Parker. Enlisted in Co. A, 20lh Cav., July 25, 1803; in battle before Petersburg; dis. Aug. 11, 1865. John Devett. Enlisted in Co. E, lS9th Inf., Aug. 27, 1864 ; in battles of Hatcher's Run and Five Forks; dis. May 30, ISGo. Walter Watkins. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Sept. 23, 1801; in battles of 2d Bull Run and Fredericksburg; trans, to 76th Reg't May 29, 1863; taken prisoner at Gettysburg; killed before Petersburg, July 18, 1862. John Laliniore. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., May 9, 1801 ; in battles of 2d Bull Run, Cb.anccllorsvillc, Rappahannock, and Fredericks- burg; dis. May 29, 1803. Nathan Leigh. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 25, 1803 ; died in service. Joseph Barnmett. Enlisted in Co. B, 20th Cav., .\ug. 8, 1863 ; dis. Aug. 11, 1865. Lewis Dirgec. Enlisted in Co. E, lS9th Inf., Aug. 4, 1801 : in battle of Hatcher's Run ; dis. May 30, 1805, Herbert W. Myres. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 29, 1864; in battle of Hatcher's Run ; dis. June 10, 1865. Robert N. Greenfield. Enlisted in Co. G, 21th Inf., Sept. 16. 1861 ; in battles of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and Petersburg; dis. Sept. 23, 1864. Henry J. Pannock. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Feb. 23, 1865 ; dis. with reg't Aug. 5, 1865. Jay .M. Salisbury. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 31, 1803 ; died at Washington, D. C, Juno 4, 1804. Francis M. Calvin. Enlisted in Co. I, 24th Art., Dec. 19, 1863 ; died in service April 6, 1804. Thomas Burns. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1864 ; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg; dis. Aug. 4, 1865. Abram Doane. Enlisted in Co. E, lS9th Inf., Sept. 5, 1864; died at City Point, Va., Nov. 21, 1864. Geo. W. Stearns. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863; died July 24, 1864, of wounds received before Petersburg. Charles A. Woolcver. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863 ; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Peters- burg; dis. June 17, 1865. Asa L. Bushncll. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1864; in battles of Cold Harbor and Petersburg; dis. June 28, 1805. Albert .M. Beman. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., May 9, 1801 ; wounded in 2d Bull Run b.attle ; re-enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf. ; in battles of Hatcher's Run and Ajipomattox. Milon Stowell. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 29, 1864; dis. Sept. 2.3, 1865. Gilbert II. Curtis. Enlisted in Co. C, 147fh Inf., Sept. 2, 1862; in battle of Gettysljurg, and killed before Petersburg, June 19, 1864. Ezra Balch. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf.; died Sept. 18, 1862, of wounds received in 2d Bull Run battle. Mervin S. Oluistcad. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., May 9, 1861 ; died Sept. 2, 1862, of wounds received in 2d Bull Run battle. Lewis C. Sampson. Enlisted in Co. E, lS9th Inf., Aug. 29, 1864 ; in battle of Five Forks; dis. Sept. 22, 1805. Henry A. Hollis. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 29, 1864; in battle of Five Forks; dis. Sept. 23, 1865. Orson J. Gale. Enlisteil in Co. G, 24th Inf., Sept. 23, 1861 ; in battles of 2d Bull Run, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg; dis. Oct. 12, 1864. Wm. E. Sp.arks. Eulisted in Co. E, 147th Inf., Aug. 9, 1862; in battle of Petersburg; dis. June 7, 1865. John S. Stillmtin. Mustered in 147th Inf. Sept. 23, 1862, as assistant surg'n ; prom'd to surg'n 8Sth Inf. Jan. 5, '65; dis. July 13, '65. Samuel J. Brown. Eulisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 27, 1864; in battle of Five Forks ; dis. Sept. 23, 1865. Joseph Brown. Enlisted in Co. K, 189th Inf., Aug. 27, 1864; dis. Sept. 2.3, 1865. Henry J. Mason. Eulisted in 26tb Inf. ; in service after war. Benj. F. Lewis. Mustered as quartermaster of 147th Inf.; dis. for disability Feb. 13, 1S03. Marshall D. Stevens. Enlisted in Co. E, 21th Cav., Dec. 12, 1803; dis. Aug. 4, 18B5. Franklin Sperry. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 22, 1864; dis. May 30, 1865. Norman S. Crossctt. Eulisted in Co. E, 189th Inf.. Aug. 22, 1804; in battles of Hatcher's Run and Five Forks; dis. May 30, 1805.* Josejih R. Nash. Eulisted in Co. E, lS9th Inf., Aug. 29, 1S64 ; in battles of Hatcher's Run and Five Forks; dis. May 30, 1865. Monroe Crossett. Enlisted in Co. G, — Inf., Oct.. 29, 1861 ; in battles of Antictam and Wilderness ; taken prisoner before Petersburg; re-enlisted March 3, 1805. Henry Crossett. Enlisted in 193d Inf. March 3, 1865; in battles of Hatcher's Run and A])pouniItox ; dis. May 30. 1865. Milfred C. Brooks. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 25, 1864; in battles of Spottsylvania, CoM Harbor, and Petersburg; dis. May 18, 1865. David E. Montague. Enlisted in Co. E, 24th Cav.. Dec. IS, 1863 : in battlesof Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg: dis. May 18, 1865. Ambrose C. Kellogg. Enlisted in Co. E, 189lh Inf., Aug. 1, 1SC4; dis. June 16, 1865, Manning W. Cooper. Enlisted in Co. C, 97th Inf., Dec. 2, 1861 ; in battles of South Mountain, .Antictam, and Fredericksburg; dis. July 18, 1805. Lorenzo S. Carr. Enlisted in Co. K, 152d Inf., Oct. 10, 1802; killed at Hanover Junction, May 25, 1804. Malcolm L. Hollis. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Dec. 28, 1861 ; in battles of 2d Bull Run and Fredericksburg; die. June ,3, 1863. Chas. F. Hewlet. Enlisted in Co. E, 20th Cav., Deo. 21, 1863; disch. July 29, 1S65. Samuel S. Hewlet. Enlisted in Co. E, 20th Cav., Dec. IS, 1863 ; disch. July 24, 1865. 30G niSTORY OF OSWKGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Cbas. W. Stewart. EDiifted in Co. F, U7th Inf., Aug. 21, 18S2 ; diuh. June 7, 1S65. Irt Turner. Enlialed in Co. F, U7tb Inf., Aug. 21, 1802; in battle of Gettvflburg. Tbos. Nichols. Enlisted in Co. 0, 2'itb Inf., Sept. 23, 1861; discb. Sept. 20, 1864. Alrin Boniior. Enlisted in Co. O, 24Ib Inf., May 9, 1861 ; discb. for disab. Oct. 14, 1802; re enl'd in Co. U, 24tb Cnv., Dec. 25, 1803; in linttles of Wildcrnesti, Cold Harbor, aud Petersburg. Amos Cogswell. Enlisted in Co. li, 24tb Inf.. Sept. 23, 1861; nior- tallj wounded at Gettysburg; died July 13, 1803. Goo. W. Outerkirk. Enlisted in Co. U, 2l(b Inf., Mtiy tf, 1801; in battles of second Hull Run, Antictaui, and l-'redorieksburg ; ro- enl'd in Co. E, IS9lh Inf., Aug. 2«, lb«4; in bnllles of Ilatcber's Run and .\|>|>oniattoi. Weaver A. Cramer. Enlisted in Co. C, llOtb Inf., Aug. 6, 1862; in battles of Port Hudson, Camp Bistand, and Vermilion ; discb. Aug. 28, 1865. Mattison A. Samson. Enlisted in Co. G, 24tb Inf., May 7, 1861 ; mor- tally wounded in second Bull Run battle; died Oct. 5, 1802. Pcrlcy S. Twilchell. Enlisted in Co. I, IS-ld Inf., .Marcb 7, I860 ; in service after war. Alvin D. Gary. Enlisted in Co. E, 139th Inf., Aug. 26, 1804 ; in bat. ties of Hatcher's Run and .Appomattox. Uavies W. Hall. Enlisted in Co. E, 18»lh Inf., Sept. 5, 1804; miss- ing, supposed to be dead. Ransom Snyder. Enlisted in Co. E, 189lh Inf., Aug. 30, 1804; in battles of Hatcher's Run and Appomattox. Wm. Cable. Enlisted in Co. G, 21th Inf., .May !», 1861 ; discb. .Mar. 31, 1863, on account of wounds rcc'd in second Bull Run battle. Chas. N. Gurley. Enlisted in Co. E, 189tli Inf., Aug. 27, 1804; in battles of Hatcher's Run and .Appomattox. Philander Matlison. Enlisted in Co. C, ISOtb Inf., Aug. 19, 1804; wounded before Petcr.-^burg ; discharged July 14, 1805. Almoron Clark. Enlisted in Co. G, 241b Inf., Sept. 23, 1861 ; killed in second Bull Run battle. Goo. J. Robbins. Enlisted in Co. 0, 24th Cav., Dec. 18, 1863; in battle of Hatcher's Run ; disch. June 13, 1865. Adam J. Shustcr. Enlisted in Co. B, lOtli Inf., Fob. 24, 1865 ; in ser- vice after war. John N. Hollis. Enlisted in Co. G, 24tb Inf., Apr. 29, 1801 ; disch. May 29, 1803; re-enl'd in Co. K, 24th Cav., Jan. 18, 1804; in battle of Cold Harbor; discb. Juno 27, 1865. Marshall I). Stowell. Enlisted in Co. E, 189tli Inf., Aug. 25, 1864; died at Alexandria, Va., Dec., 1804. Matthew Quin. Enlisted in Co. 6, 24lh Cav., Dec. 26, 1803; died in hospital June 17, 1864. Tbos. Quin. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 25, 1864; in battles of Hatcher's Run and Five Forks; disch. May 31, 1805. Gardner H. Hollis. Enlisted in Co. G, 24tb Infantry, .May 9, 1861 ; wounded in second Bull Run battle. Lathan D. Potter. .Enlisted in Co. F, I47th Inf., Aug. 21, 1862; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Fredcrick.><.selaer Matteson, 1861- 64; Carson Wilusi.', 1865-70; Eli P. Barrett, 1871-76; Alexander H. Mitchell, 1877. Town C/<;rA.-s —Edward O'Connor, 1806-7; David Brace. 1808; Thomas W. Wentworth, 1809-10; Peter D. llugunin, 1811 ; George W. Burt, 1812; Peter D. Hugu- nin, 1813-14; Edmund Hawks, 1815-18; Arvin Rice, 1819; John Brill, 1820; Martin Wiltsie, 1821; Arvin Rice, 1822-28; Abram Wat.son, 1829-30; Arvin lUce, 18H1-32; George Bennett, 1833; William Bullen, 1834; Jonathan Eastman, 1835; Amos F. Kent, 18.'J6-;!9; An- drew Beubes, 1840-41 ; K. L. Ormsby, 18(2; William I. Acker, 1843; Elijah L. Ormsby, 1814-48; William Austin, 1849; John McClaughry, 1850; Norman Titus, 1851; Cliauncey B. Hancock, 1852; Hale Worster, 1853; Isaac II. Ketchum, 1851; Hale Wor.ster, 1855; John Wiltsie, I8:)6; Ednii.nd .AI. Rice, 1857; Herman Hulett, 1858; William H. Wiggins, 1859; Darius T. Cook, Jr., 1860; Charles ('. HIackmer, 1861-62; John MeCrea. 1863; l-\rMl..ii Wi.rsiii. I SCI ; John McCrea, 1865 ; S. M. Titus 1866; J. T. Brackett, 1867; R. M. Rogers, 1868; Charles Ferine, 1869; Dill..n F. Acker, 1870-76; A. N. Bradt, 1877. The following resolution appears on the town-book of the town of Hannibal, under date of April 4, 1809. " Resolved, That ten dollars bounty be given to any in- habitant of the town of Hannibal for every wolf that may be killed by said inhabitant within the said town for one year." The same appearing upon the book for some years following. The record of justices of the peace, according to the town-books, dates back to 1829, and the following are the names of those who have served as such, viz. : 1829, Arvin Rice, Isaac Kcnney, Cephas Weed, William Hawks ; 1830, James A. Brackett; 1831, Jonathan Ivtstman and James A. Brackett; 1832, Zenas Haven; 1833, Arvin Rice; 1834, Benj. F. Gifford ; 1835, James A. Brackett; 1836, Ma.son Pierce and Zonas Haven; 1838, Josiah King; 1839, James A. Brackett; 1840, Andrew W. Fo.ster and Orson Titus; 1841, Hale Worster; 1842, Benj. F. Gif- ford; 1843, Jno. Titus; 1844, James Burt; 1845, Oi-son Titus and Hale Worster; 1846, Sidney Hulett and James A. Brackett; 1847, Benj. F. Gilford and James A. Brackett, for four years ; 1848, Orson Titus ; 1849, Jno. P. Storms ; 1850, Rausford Case; 1851, Benj. F. Gifford; 1852, Ale.\. Mclnvoy ; 1853, Benj. Uinnian ; 1854, Jno. McClaughry; 1855, Alex. Hulett and Benj. F. Gifford ; 1856, Jchial E. Blodgctt; 1857, Benj. N. Hinnian; 1858, Levi Brackett; 1859, Benj. F. Gifford; 1860, Henry M. Brackett; 1861, Benj. N. Hinnian; 1862, Levi Brackett; 1863, Benj. F. Gifford; 1864, Henry M. Br.ackett; 1865, Jno. A. Cox ; 1866, Levi Brackett ; 1867, James F. Cooper ; 1868, Geo. Van Petten ; 1869, Jno. A. Cox; 1870, Levi Brackett; 1871, Benj. F. Gifford. The first white settler in town was Thomas Sprague, who came from Massachusetts in 1802, located on the south line of the town on lot 95, and built the first hou.se, which of course was a log one. Among the first frame houses was one built by Mr. Urc about 1817, and known as the Durham house. It is still standing a short distance from its original site, in Hannibal village. The first house erected without the u.se of liquor was built by Isaac Sykes. Mr. Arvin Rice erected the first barn raised without ardent spirits. The first land cleared was by Arvin Rice, who also set out the first orchard. He also brought into town the first iron plow to supersede the old one-handled " bull plow.'' It was manufactured at Schenectady, being known as the " Clute plow," and was universally condemned by the people before being broULrlU into use. The first surveyors were J. W. McFaddcn, Peter Schenck, Benjamin F. Gifford, and Samuel Barron. Among the early marriages were tho.se of Daniel Thomas and Prudence Sprague, in 1303; of Arvin Rice and Polly Cotton, March 18, 1812; of A-Sii Dunlon and Lois Hawks, in 1815; also those of Win. Stephenson and .Marllla Dun- ton, of Daniel Hawks and Emily Field, and of Wm. Hawks and Eli/.a Dunton, in the last-named year. The fii'st birth w;us that of Carr Sjuague, in 1805. The ^ \ r. \ ■■ !;i.^^ ■•"I// •ft ..(■^^- SLssasaBaBHHHaeaKiH RusiDENCC Of L.S.TALLMAN ) Oswego County, N. Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 309 first death was that of a daughter of Thos. Sprague, in 180G. The first saw-mill was erected by Silas Craiidnll, in ISll. The first store was built by Benjamiu Phelps, in 1818. The second school-house was a small frame building, erected about ISliO. In 1868 a fine brick school-house was built at Hannibal village. Its size is forty-two by fifty-four teet, and it is two stories in height. It has three rooms and a largo recitation-room ; employs four teachers, the usual number attending being about one hundred and thirty, and the names on the roll about two hundred and thirty. The first fulling-mill erected was by Towsley and Dunton, in 1820. The first tannery was built by Juo. Brill, about 1820, and this business has gradually increased until there are now three tanneries, all doing well. The fir.st frame tavern was erected about 1815 by Amos Field, from Ver- mont, who kept it for a long time. The first blacksmiths were Thos. West, Trumbull Kent, and John Toppen. The first carpenter was Moses Farnham. The first distillery was built by Field & Dunton and Jason Peek. The early physicians were Drs. Ure and Moore. Later (about 1822) there was Dr. Arden Allen, from Clinton, Oneida county. The earliest lawyers were Messrs. Riggs and Abrams, who came in 1836, remaining a few years. Among the early residents of prominence were Arvin Rice, Abram Watson, Wm. Stephenson, Isaac Kinney, Jno. Bullen, Alex. M. Kent, Jas. D. Curtis, Waters Towsley, Isaac Sykes, Cephas S. Kent, Samuel H. Patehcn, Truman Burroughs, Wm. Earl, Elihu Giftord, and James W. Jones. There are three cheese-factories in the town, one at South Hannibal and one at Hannibal, both owned by stock companies. The third one is in the northeast part of the town, owned by E. S. Tallman. It is related of Mr. Cox, an early settler on lot 51, that one afternoon while chopping in the woods his attention was attracted by the squealing of a hog, and upon approaching the jilace whence the sound came he found a huge bear gnawing away at the head of the unfortunate porker. Mr. C. would rap on a tree with his axe, when Bruin would look up for a moment and then resume his gnawing. The night following, Mr. Cox resolved to catch the marauder, and fi.xcd his trap accordingly. During the night the bear returned for the rem- nants of his prey, and, as was expected, fell into the trap. He, however, proved equal to the emergency, and winding the chain of the trap around a small tree, gnawed his foot ofi, and thus escaped. Nicholas Cox (father), Chas. Cox, and Jno. Cox, a min- ister, also settled on lot 51, about 1828 or 1829. The post-office at Wheeler's Corners was established in 18l)7, and named North Hannibal. John Farnham was appointed postmaster, with M. H. Cox as deputy. John A. Cox was appointed postmaster in 1872, and M. H. Cox, the present incumbent, in 1873. William Ames, from Windham county, Connecticut, settled on lot 57 in 1818, on the farm now owned by Jason Kent. Cephas S. Kent, a native of Vermont, settled on lot 57 in 1815, clearing up a small portion, and moved his family in ISlt), coming all the way in a sleigh, reaching his home in the wilderness in the month of March. Alanson Blodgett, from Onondaga county, located on lot 50 in 1817, where he still resides. Lot 50 was first settled by Artemus Blodgett. Henry and Benjamin Wiltsie, natives of Dutchess county, took up lot 47 in about 1811. Cornelius, a son of Henry, moved in about 1813, and Frederick, a son of Cornelius, now resides on lot 47. Martin Wiltsie early settled on lot 48, the present residence of C. Perry Campbell. W. W. Brackett, a native of Washington county, was the first merchant at Hannibal Centre, and remained in that business and other industrial pursuits forty-six years. lie erected a peppermint distillery at the same place, and was also proprietor of a store at Hannibal village. He died November 23, 1876. Captain Hector Gillis was an early settler at Oswego, and was a sailor on Lake Ontario, commanding two vessels, viz. : " Betsey" and " Julia." He was at the capture of Oswego in 1814. He settled in Hannibal about the year 1818, on the farm now occupied by one of his sons. Mr. Gillis died in 1864. John Green, a native of Massachusetts, and later a resi- dent of Oneida county, was an early settler in Mexico, and at the time of the attack on Oswego was called out as a minute-man. He brought the first carding-machine to Mexico. James W. Jones, from Saratoga county, settled on lot 76 about 1816, purchasing near two hundred acres, for which he paid five dollars per acre. His son, Powell Jones, now owns and resides on a portion of these lands. Robert Hall, from Ireland, settled on lot 39 about 1811 or 1812. The first newspaper in Hannibal was published in 1866 by George V. Emens, rather a small monthly sheet, called the Hanntlial Revcilh'. In 1872 Mr. Emens changed it to a semi-monthly, and in January, 1873, issued it as a weekly. July 1, 1873, it was purchased by A. N. Bradt, the present editor and proprietor, and has a circulation of about five hundred. VILLAGES. In the town of Hannibal there are four small hamlets and one considerable village. Hannibal village, known more familiarly as Hannibalville, is an incorporated village, with about six hundred inhabitants, comprising the larger portion of lot 67, and some of lot 58, and being located on Nine-Mile creek. Within the corporation, on this creek, are two mills, one grist-mill, two saw-mills, a tannery, a stave-factory, a barrel-factory, a cheese-factory, and a cheese- box-factory. The tannery was established in 1822 by Thomas Shelton. It was destroyed by fire December 3, 1875, and rebuilt early the following year. It goes by steam, and can turn out fifty hides per week. The grist- mill employs both water and steam, and is owned by Wil- liams & Misen. One of the saw-mills, and the stave- and barrel-factories, all employing steam, were built in 186G by William R. Cox, and are now owned by R. M. Rogers. The other taw-mill (^steam j is owned by Wooster & Parsons, and the cheese-box-factory (also steam) by W. Dada & Son. The cheese-factory, built in 18G9, is owned by a stock company. The leading mercantile establishment i.-? managed by S. 310 UISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. W. Brewster & Son, — a three-story brick building ; and a jewelry store connected, or in the same building, by C. P. Aluirotli. The other husiiioss intorcsts of the village are: II. M. Pierce, hardware ; Gi-orge lyoonard, grocer, and boots and shoes; Wilson Cooper, merchant tailor; J. W. Burt, clothing and postmaster; two harness-shops, one by Brad- ford Byrne, and the other by Deacon Lazolere ; carriage- manufactory, by II. Mattcson ; boot and shoe store, by Peter Dillabough ; one meat-market; two .small confec- tioneries and saloons; 6ve black.smilh-shop.s; Burt & Both- well, dealers in general nieruliandisc ; and a fine hotel, by Eli C. Van Auken. Tiie physicians are E. H. Boyd, Dillon F. Acker, Alfred Kice, retired ; George V. Emcns, dentist ; also Dr. Acker I father of D. F. Acker), a retired physician. The lawyers are H. M. Barrett, D. J. Van Auken, Sr., and N. B. Brower. The newspapers are the llniuiilnil Retrille and nmniihal Ncas, both inenlioiicd in the chapter on the press. Hannibal has also a fine town-hall, nearly new, the third floor of which is occupied by the Mxsonie fraternity. Hannibal Centre has one store, managed by Hubert Dickinson, who is also postmaster; a small grocery, grist- mill, and the steam-mills run by Orvillc J. II. Keed and his father. Dr. Cooley is the physician. South Hannibal has one store, blacksmith-shop, and post- ofiSee. Fairdalc has a post-office, grocery, wagon-shop, atid blacksmith-shop. North Hannibal has a store run by JI. H. Co.x, post- master; also a grocery, by Erwin Shutts, a wagon-shop,- and one or two biacksniitli-shops. D. D. Mctcalf, a prom- inent lawyer, has a residence at this place. IlANNiB.ii, LoDUE, No. 550, F. AND A. M. — This lodge was instituted June, 1SG5. The following were chartcr- mcniliors: Albert B. Worstcr, George L. Carr, George V. Eniens, James W. Jones, E. M. Allen, A. S. Archer, Wil- liam H. Wiggins, David Botliwcll, Robert >[. Rogers, Jr., Nicholas B. Brower, Eli C. A'an Auken, Ilcnian Myres, C. M. Cogswell, William Titus, William R. Conger, J. H. Whitman. The first officers were A. B. Worstcr, W. M. ; G. L. Carr, S. W. ; G. V. Emens, J. W. ; W. R. Conger, Treasurer; N. B. Brower, Secretary. About twelve thousand dollars was spent in fitting up their lodge-room, which made it one of the finest to be found in any small village in this part of the Slate. The lodge was very prosperous and harmonious from its organizjition. On the evening of July 3, 1873, the lodge-roimi and nearly everything it contained W!\s destroyed by fire. Four humlri'd and fifty dollars was received as insurance, and with this the members sUirted anew, somewhat disheartened but not discouraged. A room was procured in the hotel of E. C. Van Auken, which was occupied about one yciir. In the mean time a room was being built for the lodge by the Union Hall company, which they have leased for a term often years. This room has been furnished in much liitler style than the old one, and is a credit to the fraternity. At the present time the lodge consists of one hundred -^- and two members in good standing. The officers for the present year are as follows : G. V. Emens, W. M. ; S. W. Crandall, S. W. ; Cyrus Haven, J. W. ; J. W. Burt, Trea-surer; Cyrus Burnes, Secretary ; Frederick ISlodgett, S. D. ; Andrew Byrne, J. D. ; Geard Clark, S. M. S. \ A. Archer, J. M. S. ; B. F. Byrne, Tyler; M. H. Van Auken, Chaplain ; D. F. Acker, Marshal. TlIK PRESBVTERIA.V ClIlRCIi OF HANNinAl, was orgsHiizcd December 4, 18IC — present. Rev. David R. Di.xon, of Mexico, and Rev. Henry Smith, from the Oneida female missionary society. Eleven members took part in the organization, viz. : Alexander M. Kent, Trumbull Kent, Cephas S. Kent, Barraleel Worstcr, William Grant, Laura Kent, Polly Rice, Betsey Worstcr, Betsey Curtis, Marilla Stevenson, and Phccbe Fellows. The only names of the first officers given on the records are those of Cephas S. Kent, deacon, and Alexander M. Kent, clerk. The place of meeting for many years was in the village school-house. The first church in town was built in ISliG, by this society conjointly with the Masonic fraternity, who occupied the second floor as a lodge-room. It was a frame building, and cost about two thousand dollars. In ISl'iO the present church edifice was erected, costing about four thousand dollars. It is a tasteful wooden building, forty by sixty feet, with a commodious lecture-room in the rear. The pa.stors have been as follows: 1824, John Alex- ander; 1SU5. William Clark; 1829, Martin Powell; 1831, William P. Eclls, died 1832; 1833. Jamas T. Hough; 1835, Lemuel Dady ; 1840, Edward Reynolds; 1813, John N. Hulil.ard; 1854, H. H. .Morgan; 1850, E. P. Cook, died in 1857; 1858, Lucius Barnard; 1859, P. W. Emens; 1861, John N. Hubbard; 18G7, E. P. Adams; 1870, Alfred Snashall; 1S73, F. W. Seward. The church was originally organized as Presbj'terian. It was changed to Congregational February 20, 1822, and again changed to Presbyterian, July 25, 1870. There are now ninety-six members of the church and eighty-nine of the Sunday-school, which last has a library of a hundred and fifty volumes. The present ciders are as follows : S. W. Brewster, A. F. Allen, Eliab Scott, Horatio Dunham, I. E. Hull. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. In the month of January or February, 1,817, the Baptist church of Sterling Wiis organized, with Mr. and Mrs. Wil- month, Mrs. Esther Devine, Mary Duma.ss, John Lake, Sarah Lake, Mi's. Jo.shua Lake, and Amos and Annie Wiltse as members. Meetings were held at the different dwellings. There wjis no stationed pastor, but a missionary fref|Ucntly preached to the people. There was no regular pastor until what was known as the Sterling and Hannibal church was org-auized, in 1825, with Rev. Mr. Carpenter as pastor. It was 8ubse(|Uently called the Hannibal Bapti.st church. The first church edifice was erected in the village of Hannibal in 1827, just north of the present residence of Dr. Rice. The size was about thirty-six by forty feet, and the seating capacity about three hundred. It is a frame building, and cost in 1827 two thousand two hundred dol- lars. Some ten or twelve years ago repairs were made to ^'V^* ■f •, '■■Mr- 71 2; dis. for disability'. 1). F. Acker, Co. F, S4tb X. Y. Inf. Enlisted July I, l.sr)4 ; dis. Oct. SI, 1SU4. Geo. W. Arnold, li'.lh II. Art. Joseph Albring, Co. H. Slst Inf. Enlisted Sept. Ifi, I8C1 ; dis. Sept., 181)4: corj>. and scrgt. ; wounded in battle. Lorcn .-Vuslin, 21th Cuv. Wounded in battle, llezckiah Allen, Co. F, Slst Inf. Enlisted Sept. :tO, ISClj dis. for disaliilitv. Edwuril Ajlesworth, scrg., Co. G, M7tb N. Y. Enlisted Aug. 2J, 1S62 ; died at liettj^aburg, July, 18(13, from wounds received in buttle. (Jeorge .\Ik'ii. AVilliam Itoom. Co. (}, 1 10th Inf. jMust. Aug. 2A, 1802. Isaac T. Unickctt, Co. F, 110th N. Y. Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1802; dis. with regt.; 1st sorgt., 2d lieut., 1st licut., and bvt. capt. J. iM. Bailey, Corp., Co. F, 110th Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1802. Bradford F. Byrne, Corp., Co. F, UOtb Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1802; dis. at end of three years. W. II. Baker, Co. F, llOth X. Y. Inf. Must. Aug. 25, I.SC2; jirisoner of war. O. \V. Baker, Co. F, llOth N. Y. Inf. Must. Aug. 25. 1802. J. A. Byrne, Co. F, 1 lOlh X. Y. Inf. Mu.-t. Aug. 25, 1802; discharged with the regiment. David Barrie, Co. F, 1 10th Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1862. John Brodcrick, Co. F, lIMth Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1862. Michael Blake, Co. F, UOth Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1802. A. Z. Buck, Co. F, 110th Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1862; discharged with regiment. W. H. Braukett, Co. II, Slst Inf. Corp., sergt., reg. (jm. sergt., Ut lieut., and bvt. ca]ft. J. W. Bruckott, Co. C, 184th Inf. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1804 ; disuharged with regiment. Herbert J. Byrne, Co. K, 1 I2d X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Sept. 1, 1862 ; dis- chargctl June 7, 1865, with regiment. Andrew Byrne, Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. ;!1, 1S04; dis- charged with regiment, Albert X, Bradt, corp., Co. Jl, II lib X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. II, 1802; discharged for disability, .lune 11, 180S; jirisoner of war. AVilliiuu llra.lt. Co. II, llltb N. Y. Infanlrv. J. J. Bingham, Co. B, 122d N. T. Inf. Gnlislotl July 9, 18«3; dia- ehnrged July 3, 1805; wounded in battle. E. II. Boyd, captain, Co. F, llOih X. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, '02. Charles F. Burt, — Minnesota Inf. David Botbcrell, Co. C, |84lh N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Sept. 1«, l.sfil ; 2d lieut. ; mustoreil out with regiment. Edward Billbanlt, 9lh II. Art. Charles Billhardt, 9th X. Y. II. Art. C. S. Buck, Co. C, I84th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted August 27, 1804 ; dis- charged with regiment. W, W. Buck, sergeant, Co, E, 2llh X. Y. Inf. Mustered May 17, 1861 : discharged with regiment. James Brennan. corporal, Co. E, 24lh Inf. Mustered May 17, 1801 ; discharged with regiment. John Brennan, Co. E, 24lh Inf., and 24th N. Y. Cav. Prisoner of war. J. A. Baxter, Co. C, 184th Inf. Enlisted August 25. 1864. Daniel E. Brown, Co. F, 9th N. Y. II. Art. Enlisted January, 1864; discharged June, 1805. William Baker. (Icorgo M. Butler, 24tb N. \. Cav. Mustered with regiment; died in the service. Burner. Missing at Cold Harbor. Henry Bishop, 9th N. Y. II. Art. Missing at Cold Harbor. Monroe Baker, Co. C, 184th Inf. Enlisted Aug. 31, 1864; died in the service, June 4, 1805. William Butler, 24th N. Y. Cav. Muttered with regiment; wounded in the service. Eraslus M. Baker, Co. E, 12th X. Y. Cav. Enlisted September 24, 1862; ilischarged June, 1804. Henry Baker, Co. C, 184th Inf. Enlisted August 31, ISGI; died in the service. Xicholas Boom, Co, G, 110th Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1862; died from wounds received iu battle, Dec. 12, 1863. T. II. Bentlcy, corp.iral, Co. A, 147th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1802; killed in battle. Williftui Brennan, Co. F, UOth X. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug, 25, 1862; discharged with regiment. Jerry Brown, 9th X. Y. II. Art. T. J. Bfel)e, 21st X. Y. Battery. Died in service. William Brown. Slst Inf., and Co. C, lS4th Inf. Died from disease contracteil in the service. Orlando Barrett. Died from disease contracted in the service. Charles A. Byington, 110th X. Y. Inf. I'ro. to 2d licut., and died in the service. Samuel Burnsido, Co. II, llOlh N. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1862; died in the service. Kobcrt Burnsidc, Co. A, UOth Inf. Died in the eorvioc. Isaae Borst, Co. G, 134th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 13, 1862; dis. June 14, 1865. Nicholas Bradley, Co. H, 1 1 lib X. Y. Inf, Enlisted Aug., 1862 ; dis. for disability, Deo. 29, 1863: wounded in battleand pris. of war. Ethan Benn.tl, Co. I, 75th Inf. Enlisted Nov. 18, 1.S61. Levi Bennett, Co. I, 75th Inf. Enlisted Xov. 2, 1861. James Barner, Co, I, 184th Inf. Enl'.l Aug. 27, '64 ; dis. with regt. Wni. Biekley, Co. F, 184th Inf. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864. Michael Brennan, Co. E, 24th N. Y. Inf. Mustered May 17, ISOI. Edwnril Brinck, 75th N. Y. Enlisted Sept. 21, 1801. .S. W. Barnes, 75th N. Y. Enlisted Oct. 14, 1801. Elijah Barner, 75lh N. Y. Enlisted Oct, 4, Isoi. Ezra R. Bennett. Co. I, 75th N. Y. Enlistc. lliinnum, sergeant. Co. D, 19th Ohio Infantry. Wallace Hannibal, Co. E. lS4th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted .Sept. 3, 1804 ; mustered out with regiment. William H. Howell, Co. E, I.'<4lh N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864. Willett L. Ilyati, Co. F, 81st N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Oct. 18, ISfil. William Howard. William Hornkostic, Co. D, I84th N. Y. Inf. Mustered in and out uilh regiment. Orrin D. Huick. Moses Hawks, Hal. A, Chicago Light Artillery. Three years. James Lyinnn, Co. C, 147lh X. Y. Inf. Enlisted March 14, 1864; dis- chargeil January 2, 1866 ; prisoner of war. John JclTrys, Co. F, Slst N. Y. Inf., and Co. I, 184lh X. Y. Inf. George Johnson. Henry James, 147lb X. Y. Inf. Discharged on account of wounds receiveil in hattlo. Otis A. Kip, Co. C, 184th X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1864; dis- charged with regiment : caplure. Sidney .Murlell, C). I, linih N. Y. Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1862. .Samuel .Mosher, 24tb X. Y. Cav. Must, in and out with regiment. George .Merritt, Co. I, 7ith N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Nov. 14, 1.S61. Peter Myres, Co. F. 81st N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Sept. 16, 1861; dia. with regiment, 1865. Chas. E. Matteson, Co. C, Slat N. Y. Inf. Enid Sept. 13, 1861 ; ro- enlislcd in 24th X. Y. Cuv. ; died in .\ndcr8onrille prison. Wellington Matteson, Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enl'd Aug. 27, 1804 ; dis. with regiment. John W. McFarland, Co. F, llOth N. Y. Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1862; dis. with regiment. Chas. W. Maze, Co. E, 24lh N. Y. Inf. Must. May 17, 1861 ; supposed to have been killed by guerrillas. George Miller. Giles Norton. 24th N. Y. Cav. Died in the service. William Norton, Co. C, 24th N. Y. Inf. Died in the service. Eraslus Norton, Co. C, 24th N. Y. Cav. Must. May 17, ISOl; dia. with regiment; woundetl in battle. Levi Norton, Co. C, 24th X. Y. Inf. Must. May 17, 1801 ; dis. with regiment. Wm. Nightengale, sergl., Co. F, llOlh X. Y. Inf. Enl'd Aug. 25, l.'*02; dis. with regiment. J. V. Norton. Co. F, IlUth X. Y. Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1802 ; dis. with regiment. Chauncey A. Xims, Co. C, I84lh X. Y. Inf. Enl'd Aug. 31, 1864; dia. with the regiment. William Xarricon. Wm. O'Connor, (quarter-master scrgt., 125tb N. Y. Inf.. and 2d N. Y. Cav. Prisoner of war. Wm. O'Prcy, Co. B, 1681b X. Y. Inf., and Co. K, 15th X. Y. Cav. Wounded in battle. John Oakley. Co. C, lS4th .\. Y. Inf. Enl'd Aug. 25, 1804 ; must. out with regiment. David H. O'I'rey, 81st X. V. Inf. Died of disease contracted in tho service. Michael Olt, sergt., Co. I. 24tli N. Y. Inf. .Must. May 17, 1861. Edward J. O'Neil, Ist sergt.. Bat. D, 10th X. Y. Heavy Art. Charles O'Xeil. Edward Powers, Co. II, 9th H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 18, 1863; dia- chorged October 10, 1805. II. A. Peckbani, Co. C, 184th X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 19, 1864 ; disehargeit with the regiment. W. H. Parsons, Co. I, 75th X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Nov. 2, 1861. John Palmer, Co. I, 75tb X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Nov. 2, 1861 ; ilied of wounds received in battle. Morgan Palmer, sergeant, Co. F, llOth N.Y. Inf. Mustered .Aug. 25, 1802; died in the service. Sandford L. Palmer, Co. F, 110th X. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1862; discharged with the regiment. Joniis Palmer, Co. I, 75th X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Xov. 2. 1861; dis- charged with the regiment; wounded in battle. George W. Palmer, Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864 ; discharged with the regiment. Henry J. Peekham, Co. I, 75tb N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Xov. 2. 1861 ; died from wounds reccivetl in battle, Oct., 1864. Alpbonso Patchin, 3d N. Y, L. Art. Died in the service. Franklin K. Pierce, Co. E, 04th N. Y. Inf. Missing at Spottsylvania. Alexander Prou.lfit, Bat. F, 3d X. Y. L. Art. Alanson Polhiy. Co. E. 184th X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 23, 1804; discharged with the regiment. Eli Parsons, Co. E, 184ih X. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1804: dis- charged with regiment. Isaac H. Peckhnm, Co. F, llOth X. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1802 ; 1st lieut., captain, and brevet-major; dischargeil for disability. Willie Phelps. 24th Cav. Mustered in and out with regiment. Myron C. Peters, lllth New York. George Pulsifer, Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864; discharged with the regiment. John C. Peters. Byron Patchin, Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864; discharged with the regiment. John A. Perkins, Co. C, lS4th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1864; discharged with the regiment. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 315 Jacoli Putnam, IHSIli N. Y. Inf., anil 9th N. Y. II. Art. Enlistc.l July 23, 18G2 ; transfermi to 1 Uh Rcgt. Vet. Res. Corps ; anil dischargeii Juno 3, ISO 1. Henry Pattison. John C. Peters. Orriu Pattison, 147th N. Y. Prisoner of war. Luraan Pincliney, sergeant, .3(1 N. Y. L, Art. John L. Parks, Co. F, 110th N. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1882; (lischnrged for disability. R. A. Powers, Co. F, 1 10th N. Y. luf. Mustered Aug. 25, 18G2 ; dis- charged with the regiment. George Palraiticr. Willard Pierce, 81st N. Y., and 0th N. Y. II. Art. Wuumleil in battle. Henry Phillips, Co. F, Slst N. Y. Inf. Enlisted March 28, 18U4 ; discharged for disability. William Patten. Norton Randall, llth H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 25, 1803; died July 11, 1SG4, from wounds received in battle. Dwight Rhoades. Co. F, 110th N. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1802; died in the service. M'illiam Rose, Co. C, 147th N. Y. Inf. Prisoner of war. II. Rowland, Co. F, 110th N. Y. Inf., and 1st Louisiana Cav. Died. Geo. Rowland, Co. F, llOth N. Y., and Co. I, 184th N. Y. Alfred Rice, 2d ass't, 1st ass't, and surgeon, 110th N. Y. Inf. Mus- tered in and out with the rcgt, Phineas T. Rose, assistant-surgeon, Volunteers. Wm. E. Roche, hospital steward, 24th N. Y. Inf. Horace N. Rice, 44th N. Y. Inf. Mustered in ami out with the rcgt. ; wouuiled in battle. Lyman Randall, Co. D, 147th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted .Sept. 0, 1802. Eugene Rose, Co. C, lS4th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1804; dis. with the rcgt. John C. Rowe, 7th N. Y. Cav, Prisoner of w.ar. Ira L, Rowe, Co. E, ]84th N. Y, Inf. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864. Edward Reed. Alvin S. Rudd, Co. F, Slst N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Oct. 1, 1801. Dwight Reed. Amos Reed, Co. D. 185th N. Y. Inf. Mus, in and out with the rcgt, Geo, Sanders, Corp., sergt., and 1st sergt., Co. F, 110th N. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1802 ; discharged with regt. J. H. Skinner, eorp., Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf Enlisted Aug. 19, 1804 ; discharged with the regt. Harvey W. Smith, Co. F, 110th. Mus. Aug. 25, 1862; dis. 1865. Alfred N. Strong, Co. F, II 0th N. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1802 ; discharged with the regt. Henry Snyder, 24th N. Y. Inf. Mus. May 17, 1861; served two years, ami re-enlisted in Gen. Hancock's 1st A. C. of Veterans. Chauncy A. Smith, Co. F, 11th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1S64; discharged .Tune, 1865; prisoner of war. Emery Shutts, Battery F, 3d N. Y. Light Art, Walter Sturge, Co. E, 193d N. Y. Inf. Enlisted March 28, 1865; discharged with the regt. Geo. Smith. Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864; dis- charged with the regt. P. M. Schuonmaker, Co. E, Ist Wis. Inf. Enlisted May, 1801 ; dis- charged for disability ; wounded in battle. R. A. Schoonmaker, corp. and sergt., Co. G, l-47th N. Y. Inf. ; Bat. L, Ist N. Y. L. Art. Enl'd Aug. 22, 1862; dis. June, 1865. Lemuel P. Storms, Co. .\, UOth N. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1802; 2d lieut., 1st Louisiana Eng. ; discharged for disability. George W. Shaff, Co. A, 24th N. Y. Cav. Enlisted Dec, 1803; dis- charged .\ugust, 1865. Alfred Shults, Co. C, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1864. John H. Snyder, Co. C, lS4th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1864; discharged with the regiment. Burr B. Scott, Co. I, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 22, 1804 ; dis. with the regiment. Joseph Spein, lOlh Cavalry. Four years. Rev. F. D. Seward, corporal, 91b Minn. Inf. ; 1st licut., 72d U. S. Col. Troops: captain, ]17lh U. S. Col. Troops. John .M. .Schoonmaker, Co. I, 184th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 25, '04. N. Shaltuck, Co. I, 193d N. Y. Inf. Enlisted March 28. 1865. Joshua Spickerman, Co. E, 24th N. Y. Inf. Mustered May 17, 1801 ; discharged for di.«ability. Joel Sprague, 3d N. Y. Light Artillery. N. D. .Spade, Co. K, 147th N. Y. Vols. Wounde.l in action. Robert Simpson, Co. G, 184th N. Y'. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 29, 1864; discharged with the regiment. William S.abins. Ervin .Shutts, Co. I, 24th N. Y, Vols, Wounde.l in ;\ction, Jabez Tuttle, 9th N, Y, H, Art, Enlisted Dec, 19, 1803; dierl in the service, July 19, 1804, James Tcaguc, Co, C, 184th N, Y. Inf, Enlisted Aug, 15, 1864; die.l in the service, Albert J, Teague, Co, F, IlOth N, Y, Inf, Mustered Aug, 25, 1862; died in the service, G, Traver, — Light Artillery, Died in the service, Isaac Teller, Co, II, 111th N, Y, Vols, Discharged for disability, A, C, Thompson, Co, F, 110th N, Y, Inf, Mustered Aug, 25, 1862; died in the service, Stephen M. Titus, Co, F, 110th N, Y, Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1862; discharged with the regiment, Parker Tallman, Co, A, llOth N, Y. Inf, Mustered Aug, 25, 1862, Henry Trombley, Co, E, 24th N, Y, Inf, Mustered May 17, 1861, Lewis B. Teller, 81st N. Y. Enlisted Oct, 3, 1861 ; dis, with thcreg, Clarence Van Auken, Co, F, II 0th N, Y, Inf, Mustered Aug, 25, 1862; died in the service, Hiram Van Auken, Co, F, 1 1 0th N, Y, Inf, Mustered Aug, 25, 1802; died in the service. Elias Van Vleck, corporal, Co. F, 110th N, Y, Inf, Mustered Aug, 25, 1862; discharged with the regiment, Robert Van Vleck, Co, F, 110th N, Y, Inf Mustered Aug. 25, 1862 ; discharged with the regiment, Ulysses G, Van Vleck, 32d N, Y, Inf, Mustered in and out with the regiment, George Van Pelten, Co, I, 193.1 N, Y, Inf, Enlisted March 28, 1865 ; discharged with the regiment, J, J, Van Pcltcn, Co, I, 193d N, \', Inf. Enlisted March 24, 1865 ; discharged with the regiment. Silas Vermilyea. Sandford Wiltse, Co. F, UOth N. Y. Inf. Mustered Aug. 25, 1862. Martin Wheeler, Co. F, IlOth N. Y. Inf Must. Aug. 25, 1802; dis- charged with the regiment. William R. Wilson, corp., Co. F, llOth N. Y. Inf. Must. Aug. 25, 1802 ; discharged with the regiment. Albert J. Williams, Bat. I, 3d N. Y, L. Art, Enlisted Aug, 31, 1804 ; discharged July 8, 1865, Albert B, Wheeler, Co, F, 110th N, Y, Inf,, and 1st sergt,, Co, C, 184(h N, Y, Inf, Joel Whiting, 9th N, Y, Heavy Art. Wounded in battle, Henry Warner, Bat, B, Ist X, Y, Light Art. Four years. James Warner, 9th Vermont Inf. John H. AVallace. Julius Westgate, 12th N. Y. Inf. Killed in action, July 21, ISOl, Frank Williamson, Co, C, 147th N, Y Inf, John Whelen, II, S, Regulars, Died in service, Riley Wormer, sergt,, 1st sergt,, 2d lieut., Co. H, Slst N. Y. Inf. Must, in and out with the regt,; wounded in battle, Benj, White, Co, I, I93d N, Y, Inf, Enlisted March 24, 1865 ; dis- charged with the regiment, Frank R, Wiltse, Bat, F, 3.1 N. Y, Lt, Art. Enlisted Sept., 1801 discharged for disability. April, 1802, Chas, H, Wilsou, Co, C, 184th N, Y, Inf, Enlisted Aug, 27, 1864 discharged with the regiment, James (i. Wilson, Co, C, 184lh N, Y, Inf, Enlisted Aug, 25, 1804 discharged with the regiment. Fort Wiliier, 3d N, Y, Light Artillery, Hugh W, Ward, Co, E, 241h N, Y, luf. Must, May 17, ISOI, James Wctherhcad, Slst N, Y, Inf, Dennis Weaver, 75th N, Y, Inf, Enlisted Oct, 8,1801; lost over- board from transport coming north from New Orleans in 1801, Henry Welling. Co. D, I47th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1862 ; discharged with the regiment, .Toseph Worden, Peter Young, Leman Larrabee, Co, I, IS 1th N, Y, Inf, Enlisted Aug, 26, 1864. Patrick Dolan, Co, F, ISlih N, Y. Inf, Enlisted Aug. 31, 1804. A, V, Young, 24th Inf,, anil 24th N, Y, Cav, Chandler D, I.aboll, Co, F, Slst X, Y, Inf, Enlisted Sept, 10, 1801 ; died in the service. 316 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NKW YORK. John LaloDc, 75lb N. Y. Inf. EnliEctcd Nov. 12, 18A1. Albert SnyJer, 75th N. Y. Inf. Enlisted Oct. 4, 1861. Williiiin Howard. Jume? Lnkp. Mutt Lukf. 12th X. Y. Cav. Miller, 7.Stb X. Y. luf. Killed in bnttlc. Mark Uftrander, 1 1'Jth N. Y. Inf.. and lii2d X. Y. Inf. Cbarlc.4 Chilnon. 24lh X. Y. Cav. Must. Feb., 1864 ; died in Salisbury prifon, about Christmas, 1866. Pennif Dorrif, corp., Co. F, llOth X. Y. Inf. MiiPt. Aug. 25, 1862. Dennis MuCnrl.v. Co. D, 9th II. Art. Enli»«ted January 14, 1864; wounderl in battle; discharged May 2.1, 1866. Charles O'Xeil, I02d N. Y. Inf., and K-t N, Y. S. O. Amariab J. Grant, Co. — , 24lh N. Y. Cav. Random Willse, Lt. Art. Hctulittiouary War. — Daniel Dunham, Silas Green, cousin of General Xuthnniel Green, of Revolutionary fame, Daniel Lenis, Kpapbus Loomis, Daniel Robinson. ^y^lr uf 1812.— Che.iter Anderson, ^il>a DIodgett, James Breed, Levi Blodgett, James Burt, Captain Stephen Brace. Alani^on Blodgctt, Ira Brook**, James D. Curtiss, Julius Colton, Eli Collins, Snmuel Clark, John Cox, Asa Dudley, Elijah Drnry, \ViIliam Dodil, John Elliott, Captain Wm. Fidlerton, Walter Gilli!<. jtrisoncr of war. John Gillis, Hector Gillis, M'illinni llndgdon, AVilliam Hawks, Xathan Janes, John Kceney, Benjamin Lewis, Roswell Lane, Israel Messenger, George Maxwell, Jesse Owen, John K. Barks, Arvin Rice, Sr., Levi Rudd, William Stevenson, James Stevenson, Ira Smiih, James Sehn6eld, Samuel Sanders, Jesse Van Horn. Abram M'al»on, Ai^a Wincbell, Solomon Whipple, Abner Wood. U"(ir \rith Mrsico. — Lyman Hodgdon was one of thirteen out of ninety-six volunteers that left Oswego that llxed to return: was wounded once, wint through all the battles of the war, came home, and dieil from disease contracted in the service the third day after his arrival. Joseph Dcmott. Cvinpnutf /i, F'trty-rujhih ftryhntiit A*, (t., S. A'. J'., IlauuHftf, \, >'. —The head-quarters of Co. B, 48th Regiment, X. G., S. X. Y., is in the village of Hannibal. The company was organizcl and mustered into the Slate service, Sept. 4. 1864, with the following commissioned officers: Capt., W. H. M'iggins; 1st Lieut., Wm. O'Connor: 2d Lieut., Scth Barrus. During the year following, Capt. Wiggins resigned, and Lieut. O'Connor was elected to fill the vacancy. Dr. Geo. V. Emons waa elected Ist licut. In Aug., 1870, 1st sergt. D. F. Acker was elected 2d lieut. In July, 1871, the lime of (he company having nearly expired, it was re-or- ganized with the following officers : Capt., D. F. Acker: Ist Lieut., G. V. Emcns; 2d Lieut., L. V. Storms. In Xov., 1872, Capt. Acker was promoted to ass't-surgcon of the regiment. During February following. Lieut. Storms was elected captain, and 1st hergt. Joseph Alberny, 2d lieut.; A. X. Bradi, 1st sergt., which orgnnizatit>n is yet retained. *' B" Company has always btcn considered one of the best in the regiment. At its rc-organiza- tion nearly all of its members had seen service in the late war. PALEEMO. Palkrmo is ;i town geo<;;i-ai)liically situated in the in- terior of the county, a little northwest of its centre. The surface is undulating, in places hilly. The soil is generally a sandy loam, but around the border of the "big swauip" a rich alluvial dcpof^it exists. The swamp, locally known as above quoted, is located in the eastern part of tlie town, is fifiy-scvcn feet above Oneida lake, and the ridges which traverse the town are twenty-five feet above the swamp. A largo part of the waste land surrounding the swamp lias been redeemed, and each year some improvement is made. The township is watered by the Fi.sh creeks and other streams. The earliest settlement of wliith any record exists was made a little more than seventy' j'cars ago, and the redemp- tion (if the wild land from the primitive and dense forest to a fertile and highly productive agricultural state was a Work of considerable magnitude, and fraught with a great deal of toil and care. But the pioneers of Palermo, like those of other new sections, were a hardy and industrious class, and sought to cstablisli their homes with the greatest pcpssible expedition. The process was naturally slow and laborious. But diligence and unremitting labor triunijihcd, and we behold to-day the magnificent re.'-ults of the work of their hands and the benefits of their intelligence. The first white .settler who ]ienetratfd the wilderness of which Palermo was originally constituted was David Jen- ninga, who came in from Paris, Oneida county. New York, and settled on what was subsc(|uently long known as the " old Shepjiard farm." He afterwards removed on to the f'iirni now in'en]ii(il by Timothy Dulbear, and finally, in 1852, to the one now owned by his son, E. L. Jennings, and died there July 1, ISG'.t. Mr. Jennings was born March 2, 1791, and commenced housekcc]iing, in tlie smiling forest of his new home in I*a- lermo, in June, 1810, having been married on the 2tlth of March of the preceding year to Lois Hartson, a native of Litchfield, Connecticut. Thej- Lad no capital, but they enjoyed good health, and pos.scsscd largely the (jualilica of indu.stry and perseverance, which, coupled willi a com- mendable ambition, ultimately secured to them a com- petence. They raised a family of ten children, of whom but two survive, — Alvira, the widow of Charles Keller, now a resident of Palermo, and E. L. Jennings, who, being the only direct male representative of the family, deserves more than a passing notice at our hands. Eli- phalet Jennings (who uses the initials E. L. to avoid con- fusion, as there are others in the township who go by the initial E. ) was born in Palermo, October 5, 1822, and has resided all his life in his native township. On the 2d of October, 1845, he married, and after four years of wedded life his wife died. In 1850 lie married airain, and losinj; his second wife in 18G8, he married his present wife on the 22d of May, 1872. He had one daughter by his second wife, Ida C, who was born June 5, 1858. In politics Mr. Jennings is a Republican, as was his father before him. He and his wife attend the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a gentleman very extensively and very favorably known throughout his township, is honest / / D. H. Jrimblc. Mrs.D.H. Trimble. SJOIfE &. RdSIDLNCZ of D. H.TfflMBLEyFAUfjMoCeNrc^.OswEGoCo.N.Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 317 and upi-iglit in liis dealings with his fellow-men, and as such enjoys the respect and esteem of all who know him. About 1809, Simoou Crandall and Sylvanus Hopkins came into the township, but no descendants of either now reside therein. About the same time Zadock Hopkins arrived, and some years subsequent was killed by the caving in of a well which he was digging. In 1812, Stephen Blake, Sr., came in and purchased about one hundred acres, including what is now known as "Jennings' Corners." He resided there a number of years. Elder Asaph Graves, a native of Vermont, and subse- quently a regularly ordained minister of the Baptist church, settled in the township in 1813, his location being about one mile east of Jennings' Corners, on the farm afterwards familiarly known as the Lewis John.son place. Two of his sons, Alanson and Cyrus Graves, still reside in the township. In 1814, John Trim settled a little east of Palermo Centre, and lived to the advanced age of eighty-three. There are circumstances connected with his history that deserve more than a passing notice. At the early age of sixteen years, his father and mother, two sisters, and one brother were murdered by the Indians in the Mohawk valley, near Schenectady. His father was tomahawked at his own door, and killed while defending his home and family. His mother and two of his sisters were hung up by the skirts, their clothes and their bodies were lacerated with arrows and knives until life became extinct. The younger brother, who was an invalid, was taken prisoner with John. After one day's marching the invalid brother could not endure the hardships of travel, so the Indians told him he could go back, which he attempted to do. As soon as he got fairly in the rear of the Indians they com- menced a fusilade at him with their arrows, and shot him dead. After enduring untold hardships, traveling on foot in the winter-time, with insufBcient clothing to protect him from the inclemency of the weather, by the time John arrived in Canada his feet were bare and nearly frozen. While warming them by the fire one of the squaws induced the children to throw hot embers on his feet to see him jump, and then laugh at the sport. In his desperation he took a tomahawk and split her brain open. He expected to ex- piate the deed by his death, but the Indians, after a coun- cil, immediately acquitted him, and deemed it an act of bravery to brain a squaw. After enduring two years of captivity and great jirivation he escaped -from the .savages. He slew two Indians the night he made good his departure. During his life he killed eight Indians and one squaw. After his eye grew dim with age and his nerves were unstrung, at the name Luliuii his eyes would dilate, and all the latent energy and courage of the old man wonli] be aroused. He diiMl one-half mile south of Palermo Centre, in the eighty-third year of his age?, Imnored and respected by his neighbors and acquaiut;inces. Peace to his ashes. In 181 6, Barzil Candee settled in the town, and remained there until 1837, when he removed to Schroepjiel, and located on the farm now occupied by his son, C. W. Candee. In 1820, Josiah Chaffee, fiither of Deacon Josiah Chaffee, of Schroeppcl, came in from Connecticut and settled near the base-line of the township. He resided there until his death, which occurred September 17, 1839. About one mile north of Flint's Corners Captain Ephraim McQueen settled on the farm he still occupies, in the year 1820. Peter Tooley and family located on lot No. 52 in Febru- ary, 1828. His son, George M. Tooley, still resides in the town. They came from Oneida county. The year 1830 was quite prolific in accessions to the population. Among others who came in this year were: Isaac N. Lansing, who came from Madison county, and settled on the farm which he and his son, W. S. Lansing, now occupy, on lot 45. Frederick Wilcox and wife, parents of Mrs. I. N. Lan- sing, came from Simsbury, Connecticut, and settled on the farm now owned by J. Fitch Lansing. Elder Hills came in from England this year, and made his home near Jennings' Corners, on the farm now occupied by his son, John Hills, Esq. Leman Austin came from Oneida county, and settled on the farm upon which his daughter, Mrs. Sarah Wright, now resides. Harvey Whitmore, this year, settled on the farm now owned by George Babcock. In 1832, D. C. Burritt located on the place now owned by A. Mason, and erected a blacksmith-shop there. In 1832, George W. Hicks came in and settled on lot 72, where he has since resided. In the spring of 1834, George Tinker, Esq., came in from Marshall, Oneida county. New York, and made his home on lot G3, on the farm now occupied by Willis Jen- nings. Among the prominent settlers coming into the town prior to 1840 we might mention the following, it being utterly impossible to particularize individually: A. K. Beckwith, Lovwell Johnson, William F. Shepard, Elijah Dickinson, Asahel Dolbear, Reuben T. Hanchett, Anion Wood, David Gardner, A. E. Noble, Alvin Osboru, Ezra Green. Above is presented a brief history of the early settlement of Palermo, and the next item for consideration is its SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT. The first clearing within the present limits of what was originally township 14 of Scriba's patent, and which, as will be shown farther on, was at one time a part of Vol- ney, was made by David Jennings, Esq. The fii-st farm improvements were also made by him, for it is a well-au- thenticated fact that he first came on his land in 1806, and worked during each season, returning to his home in Oneida county, until June, 1810, when he brought his newly- wedded wife with him and made his permanent settlement. He also built the first log house in the township, which served as his habitation for many years. The first frame house was erected by Enoch Hyde, in 1814, and stood in the vicinity oC Jennings' Corners until within a few years. The first saw-mill was erected by Phine:is Chapin, in 1812. It .stood on Kilby creek, and occupied the present site of the mill now operated by Martin Chaffee. The first tavern was a log structure, wliich stood in what 318 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NKW YORK. in now the centre of the road, a little south of Palermo Centre (Jennings' Comers). It w;is erected by Stephen Blake in 1816. The flrst school-huuse was built at Jennings' Corners as early as 1820. It wa.s a log building, and belonged to old school district No. 1. A school had been taught "by Har- riet EiLSton ill jirivate houses about eight years previous to the c.-italili.shini-nt of a coniiiion school. The first church edifice* erected in Palermo was by the Bafitist denomination, at the centre, in 1836. It still stands, alter a servict of more than forty years. The first biiih \v:is iliiii iif Alviu Walker, in September, 1811. The first marriiigc .solemnized within the jiresent limits of the town was that of Jose]ili Jennings and Sally Chapin. The first death was accidental, and occurred in 1811. The victim was Zadock H(i]ikiiis. The first biiiying-ground was laid out in 1816, on a piece of land containing a trifle more than half an acre, purchased of Stephen Blake, and is the same now u.sed at the centre, only it has been added to iis necessity rei|uired. N. B. Ellsworth settled in the town in 1853, and ten yeai-s later purchased the saw-mill and stave-machine he now operates. The past year he cut one hundred thousand staves, sawed two hundred thousand feet of lumber, and made twenty thous;iiid barrels, lie employs in all about thii'tcen hands. CIVIL OR(i.\NIZATI()N. The territory now compri.sed within the limits of Palermo was formed from Yolney on the -Ith day of April, 1832, by an act of the State legislature. The first town-meeting was held at the house of Alva Jennings, March 4, 1833, at which time and place the Ibllowiug ofiicers were elected : Supervisor, William F. Shepard ; Town Clerk, A. E. Niible; A,s.sessois, Lovwell Jolinson, Ansel Goo, David Thurston; No. 7, William Bcels; No. 8, Ethan Burdick; No. 9, Alvin Lord; No. 10, Henry Cole; No. 11, John Sails; No. 12, Cliauncey Jerome; No. 13, Daniel Eastwixid ; No. 14, Ebenezer Pierce; No, 15, Obed Gulis ; Nn. K;, John Pettis; No. 17, Joseph I'rc ; No. 18, John Han.son ; No, 19. Anion Wood; No, 20, Alvin Cass; No, 21, Gamaliel Oliihslend ; No, 22, Levi l>hillips; No, 23, Alpheus C. Wheeler; No. ' tnrtlier purticului'd un pAge .120, 24, ; No. 25, Lester Goodrich ; No. 26, G. Good- win ; No. 27, Benjamin Dennis; No. 28, Oliver Chaffee; No. 29, Thomas I. Cattington. " Voted, That a fence four and one-half feet high shall be a lawful fence. " " Voted, That we raise thesjime amount of money for the support of common schools as we receive from the State for that purpose." The list of supervisors from 1833 to 1877, inclusive, com- prises the following names : Supervisors. — Win, F, Shepard, Jeremiah Hull, Lov- well Johnson, Elijah Dickinson (^three years), John iiost- wick, George Blossom (four years), Elijah Dickinsoa (two years), David Jennings (two years), Abner Chaffee (two years), David Jennings (two years), Al>iier Chaffee Uwo yeai-s), Leman Austin, David Jennings, Abner Chaffee, David Jennings, Sherman L. Decker (two years), George Tinker (two years), Joseph Harding (two yearsj, Guy P. Loomis, Abner Chaffee, Jay L. Johnson (four years), David L, Brown (two years i, Samuel 11. Smith ( two years), Henry F, Parsons, George M, Ilanehett, Samuel II, Smith, David II, Trimble, present incumbent. TowHshtp Clerks. — A. E. Noble, Stephen Blake (seven years), Alvin Osborn, Edwin Easton, Harvey Whitinore, A. K, Beckwith (two years), Harvey Wbitmore (three yeare), John Hills (four years), Alanson B. Ingersoll, A. K. Beck- with, Alanson B. Ingersoll, Stephen Blake, Harvey Whit- more, David Jennings, Jr., Alanson B, Ingersoll (two years), E. A, Iluntingdoii, John Hills (two years). Jay L. Johnson (two years), John Hills (six years), Ezra Green, present incumbent (six years). Justices I if till- I'edce. — Lovwell Johnson, Harlow Mer- rill, Matthew V, 1), Backus and Peter Tooley (1833), David Jennings, Peter Tooley, Elijah Dickinson, Alvin Os- born, Ile/.ekiah Lee, Elijah Dickinson, Jared W. Laniphire, George Tinker, Phineas Converse, Charles Conklin, Reuben T. Hanchett, Ezra Green, Phineas Converse, Martin B. Campbell, Reuben T. Hanchett, Ezra Green, Joseph Hard- ing, Wm, B, Forsyth, Ansel Goodwin, Ezra Green, Lo- renzo W, Robinson (vacancy), Julius Hall, C. B. Ashley, Henry Goodwin, Horace Decker (vacancy), J. B, Ingersoll, Horace Decker, Henry Goodwin, John Hills, Joiuih H, Sny- der, Wm. B. Forsyth (vacancy ), John McComber, Wm. H. Eggleston, Wm. B. Forsyth, David L. Brown (vacancy) Jonah IT. Snyder, David L, Brown, Samuel R. Smith, Wm, B, For.syth, Alanson B. Ingersoll, l)avid L, Brown, Samuel R, Smith, William B, Forsyth, Jonah H. Snyder. JENNINGS COR.NERS i i-.\i.er.M(i po.st-okkick), an enterprising village situated a trifle west of the geo- graphical ceiilie of the town, was first settled by Slejihen Blake. Sr., in 1.S13. Among the early setllei's who followed Mr. Blake, and located at or in the vicinity of the corners, were Alvin Walker, Sylvanus Hopkins, Turner Jennings and son O, P, Jennings, wh. It is located near Palermo Centre, is of Wood, and its dimensioTis are twenty-four by thirty feet. The first deacon of the church was Asaph Graves. The present deacons are Harvey Whitmore, Samuel Hart, Cyrus Graves, Albert Graves, Alansoii Grave.*, and John Hills. There is no Sabbath-school at present connected with the church, it being temponirily suspended. TIIF. MF.THODIST KPISCOPAI, CHURCH OP DENTON'S CORNF.KS was not organized until IStid, although a class cxi.sted there for more than a quarter of a century prior to that date. The site for the church edifice wiis purcha.sed in 1858. The church was incorporated as the " Anti-Slavery Jletho- dist Episcopal church," etc., and is now known as such. The first trustees after the organization were Freeman Waugh, Alexander Flint, and David L. Brown, Esq. Among the jironiinent early members were David Andrews and wife, Alexander Flint and wife, Harry Lansing and wife, Charles Conkling and wife. Father Morris and wife, David L, Brown and wife, K. L. Wallace and wife, Stephen Melvin and wile, Henry Cole and wife. The house of worship was erected and dedicated in 1 860. The present officcfrs are William B. Ellsworth, Wm. Cu.sack, and Aaron Keller, trusti-cs ; Sanford Willis and Aaron Keller, stewards; Rev. L. I!. 1 1 rant, pastor. Present mem- lier-xhip, forty-six. The Sunday-school connected willi the church has a membership of sixty teachers and scholars. The oflRcers are J. Y. Wilcox, superintendent ; Miss C. M. Graves, as.sistant .superintendent ; Mi.ss Eunice Lansing, secretary ; Mi.ss Cora Lansing and Millard Brown, librarians. There are one hundred volumes in the library. THE MF,TH0D1ST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF VERMILLION was organized about 1840, and the church edifice erected in the neighborhood of thirty years ago. Among the first members of the society may be mentioned Rev. Asel Harrington, Benjamin Spencer, D. C. Coe, Burt Harring- ton, James Harrington, Ezckiel Lewis, and Martin Camp- bell. The present trustees are Henry Davis, Henry Phil- lips, and G. P. Sayles. There is a Sunday-school connected with the church, having a membership of seventy teachers and scholars. Superintendent, Henry Davis ; Assistant Superintendent, John KnowltoD ; Secretary, Albert Green. peat's CORNERS METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. During the year ISGl the Methodist Episcopal society at Peat's Corners erected their church. The trustees were Job Bradford, S. D. Coon, Gilson Goodwin, F. Richardson, Jr., and A. Scuddcr. There is at present but one trustee on file, nameh', A. Scuddcr. Among the first members of the society were L. Scuddcr, Sr., and wife, Nathan Miller and wife, L. Goodwin and wife. Rev. Elijah Munger and wife, Peter Howe and wife, Joseph Ure and wile, Elom Thomas and wife, and Andrew Parsons. The present membership of the church is si.xty-eight ; number of members in the Sabbath-school, fifty-eight. Superintendent, William H. Egglcston ; Assistant Superintendent, Mrs. Maiy Bunn ; Secretary, Amos Wood. THE ROOSEVELT .METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 18G4 the Methodists of Roosevelt and the southeast part of the town erected a church edifice. The trustees were A. G. Clark, Lyman Trcadwell, and R. T. Harris. The present trustees are A. U. Clark and R. T. Harris. The membership of the society is nineteen ; Sunday-school teachers and scholars, sixty-two. Superintendent, L. D. Har- ris; A.ssistant Superintendent, Mrs. Peter Day. Among the early menibei-s were Father Sherman and wife, L. 1). Harris and wife, Chauncey Hamilton and wife, Rul'us Har- ris, and A. G. Clark and wife. The pastor of these appointments is Rev. L. R. Grant. We arc indebted for information relative to the history of Palermo to the following-named gentlemen: E. L. Jennings, David \j. Brown, Es(|., Isaac N. Lansing, George Tinker, Esq., Oliver P. Jennings, Almon Miuion, Alanson and Cyrus Graves, John L. Getnian, (Jcorge W. Tooley, D. C. Burritt, Ezra Green, Esq., and others. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ISAAC N. LANSING W!is born at Hoosac, Rensselaer county, New York, Novem- bers, 17116. In 1812 his parents removed to Madi.son, and two years afterwards his father died, and part of the responsi- bility of the supjiort of the family fell upon him. In Novem- ber, 1830, he removed to Oswego County, and settled on the farm he now occujiies in the town of Palermo. On the 8th Isaac Lansino. ?-/ii'''A^- ''■•■;.'/■/ WSc'" ''J'SiiiJm^JPfF^SSr^ '»^l .March 10, 1865, Wm. .MjCuinbur. Enlisted as private in C.i. I, 2llli Civ., Dej. 21, 1803: in several battles; dis. June, 1805. Sylvunus D. Wilson. Enlisted as private in Co. G, 1st L. Art., Sept. II, 1801 : in .sev. battles; dis. Feb. 12, 1861 : re enl'd same day. U.Miry 11. .M.iyo. E ilistcd ai p.ivato in Co. H, I I7lh Inf., Aug. 25, 1862; killed at Gettysburg. July 1, 1863. Matthew C. Danforth. Enlisted as private in Co. H, 81sl Inf., Dec. 14, 1861. lloruee H. Snow. Enlisted aa private in Co. E, llOth Inf., .Vug. 8, 1802; in two battles: dischargeil .\ug. 31, I.S05. Oaorge W. Snow. Enliated u private in Co. E, 1 10th Inf., Aug. 9, 1862; died March 25, 1863. Joseph Pagiot. Enlisted as private in Co. E, 4th II. .\rt., Nov., 18tl served three years. Bradley S. Joice. Enlisted aa corp. in Co. B, 7th Car., Sept. 13, 1861 : re-colisled April 10, 1802: waa in two battles. Lyman Spencer. Enliated as private in Co. E, 5Uth Inf., Sept. 23, 1801.; discharged April 21, 1S02. Wm. A. Smith. Enlisted aa 2d lieul. in Co. E, llUlh Inf., Aug. 29, 1862 ; dis. Feb. 28, 1803, for disability : re-cnl'd aa private in Co. I, 131th Inf., Sept. 5, 1861: discharged Juno 29, 1865. Loonanl Smith. Enlisted as corp. in Co. E, llOtb Inf., Aug. 6, 1862 ; io several battles; discharged June 1, 1865. George Lord. Enlisted as private in Co. 1, 184th Inf., Aug. 24, 1864. Albert E. Andrews. Enlisted aa private iu Co. E, 59th Inf., Sept. 26, 1801 : discharged Dee. i, 1804. Thomas Johnson. Enlisted aa private in Co. I, 24th Car., Dec. 21, 1863; discharged Juno, 1805. Eli Cobb. Enlisted as corp. in Co. II, 181th Inf., April 29, 1861 ; was in four battlea; re-onl'd as corp. in Co. I, 184th Inf., Sept. 5, 1864; discharged May 29, 1805. Eli D. Babeock. Enlislei as sergt. in Co. E, SQth Inf., 0;:t. 3, 1861 ; in several battlos; dis. Dos. 28, 1803: rc-enl'd aa sergt. in Co. E, 59th Inf., Dec. 28, 1803; pro. to aergl.-major July 3. 1863. Loater Hastings. Ehlistod as private in Co. E, 59th Inf., Sept. 26, 1861 : dis. in 1804. Joseph B. Joice. Enliste 1 as private in Co. E, 59th Inf., Oct. 1, ISOI. George Church. Enlisted as private in Co. F, 1 I7th Inf., Aug. 25, 1802: killed at Gettysburg. Edgar F. Morris. Enlisted as or^lth Inf., Aug. 27, 1864: ilis. .lune 29, 1S05. Wnllord Sweetlan I. Enlisted as sergt, in Co. E, llOih Inf., Aug. 7, 1802; ilis. Aug. 20, 1865. James Swcetley. Enlisted ns corp. in Co. 1. isirh Inf., .Aug. 29, 1861 ; dis. June 27, 1365. Pelaon Alsaver. Enlisted as private in Co. I, ISIili Inf., .Aug. 27, 1.804; dis. June 29. 1864. Martin Mason. Drafle 1 as private in Co. I, Otth Inf.. .Aug., |Ki;;{ ; taken prisoner an I died from ill-treatment. Eliaha Bobbins. Enlisted as private in Co. I, Islih Inf., .Aug. '29, 1801; died June 15. ISOI. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 323 Cbarlcs Browncll. Enlisted as oorp. in To. F, 147th Inf., Aug. 18, 1SG2; killed at battle of tbe Wilderness, May 6, 18G4. Harvey Powers. Enlisted as corp. in Co, E, llOlh Inf., Aug. 8, '62; in battle; dis. Aug. 20, 1SC5. Cbarles C. Loomis. Enlisted as private in Co. I, lS4th Inf., Aug. 29, 1864; dis. June 29, 18C5. Clayton A. Loomis. Enlisted as private in Co. I, UOth Inf., Aug. 11,1862; wounded at Port Hudson ; died at sea. Sept, 11, 1803. Eugene Cole. Enlisted as corporal in Co. I, 184th Inf., Aug. 26, 1SC4; discharged June 29, 1805. William A. Cole. Enlisted as private in Co. F, .Id Light Art., Aug. 14, 1863 i discharged July 24, 1865. Joseph Alley. Enlisted as private in Co. C, 161st Inf., .Scjit. 14,1861 ; discharged September 14, 1864. Elbert Mason. Enlisted as private in Co. B, 184tb Inf.. Aug. 1.8,1864; in battles of Shenandoah valley. Ira Markcs. Enlisted as private in Co. B, 14"th Inf., Sept., 1862 ; discharged June, 1864. Jerome B. Davis. Enlisted as private in Co. B, 12th Art., March, 18G4; in three battles; wounded twice at Petersburg. Thios Bragle. Enlisted as private in Co. 1, 184th Inf., Sept. 5, 1864; died in Syracuse. Jerome W. Goodwin. Enlisted as private in Co. K, 'Jth Art., Dec. 30, 1863; in several battles; lost at sea, April 1, 1865. Marshall D. Purdy. Enlisted as private in Co. G, 81st Inf., Sept. 17, 1861 : served in several battles; re-enlisted Feb. 26, 1864; killed at Petersburg. Henry Drake. Enlisted as private in Co. B, 147lh Inf., August 22, 1862; discharged July 12, 1863; re-enlisted in Co. D, 24th Cav., April 16, 1864; served in fifteen battles; disch. July 29, 1865. Jonathan D. Hungerford. Enlisted as corporal in Co. I, 184th Inf., Aug. 26, 1S64; discharged June 29, 1S65. Daniel Gilman. Enlisted as private in Co. D, 16th Regular Inf., February 27, 1864; died October 1, 1864. John H. Stoke. Enlisted as private in Co. C, 16th Regular Inf., Mar. 28, 1864; killed at Chattanooga. David HolUnbeck. Enlisted as private in Co. A, 9th Art., Jan'y 5, 1864; discharged April, 1864. William H. BcUcharaber. Enlisted as private in Co. I, 184th Inf., Scjitember 1, 1804; discharged June 29, 1805. Cornelius L. Woolscy. Enlisted as corporal in Co. 1, 184th Inf., Aug. 29, 1864; mustered out June 29, 1865. Nelson McDonald. Enlisted as private in Co. I, 184th Inf , .^ug. 27, 1864: discharged June 29, 1805. Charles H. Hastings. Enlisted as private in Co. E, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1S03: iliseharged May 7, 1864. David W. Spencer. Enlisted as private in Co. F, 147th Inf., Aug. 30, 1862; discharged February, 1863. Franklin 0. Spencer. Enlisted as private in Co. E, 24tb Inf., Ai)ril, 1861 : discharged May 17, 1863. Jonathan Sherman, Jr. Enlisted as private in Co. I, 184th Inf., April 5, 1864; discharged June 29, 1865. Frederick Hills. Enlisted as private in Co. E, lUlth Inf, August 7, 1862 ; discharged August 20, 1865. Jarvis Dryer. Enlisted as sergeant in Co. E, 59th Inf., Sept. 20, 1861 ; promoted three times; discharged Nov. 14, 1862; re-enlisted as private, Co. I, 184th Inf., Sept. 1, 1864; diseh. June 29, 1865. William P. Uerry. Enlisted as private in Co. F, 147th Inf., Aug. 9, 1862; promoted to corporal, Nov. 25, 1863; wounded; disch. Aug. 28, 1865. Joseph Dolbear. Enlisted as corporal, in Co. F, 147th Inf., Aug. 23, 1802; killed at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Martin Van B. Richnrdsttn. Enlisted as jtrivate, Co. F, 147th Inf., August 12, 1862; wounded at battle of Gtttysburg; discharged October 21, 1863. James P. Sackott. Enlisted in Co. I, lS4th Inf., Aug. 14, 1864; dis- charged June 29, 1865. Eben H. Duell. Enlisted in Co. E, llOth Inf, Aug. 9, 1864; disch. Aug. 28, 1865. Francis Loomis. Enlisted in Co. B, 147th Inf., Aug. 22, 1862; dis- charged May 12, 1805, Stephen G. Babcock. Enlisted in Co. E, 184th Inf., Sept. 5, 1864; died September 27, 1864. Martin Bates. Enlisted as corporal in Co. I>, lloih Inf., .\iig. 8, 1862; discharged Aug. 28, 1805. Pelson D. B.ates. Enlisted as sergt. in Co. K, 81st Inf., Sept. .5, 1861 ; served in several battles; re-enlisted as sergt., Co. K, 81st Inf., Jan'y 1, 1864; through eighteen or twenty battles; discharged August 31, 1865. Jonathan D. Wright. Enlisted in Co. I, 184th Inf., Aug. 27, 1864 ; discharged Juno 29, 1865. William K. Wright. Enlisted in Co. I, 184th Inf., Aug. 24, 1804; discharged June 29, 1865. Roland 11. Sweet. Enlisted in Co. E, 110th Inf., Aug. 7, 1862; killed by shell, Nov. 11, 1863, at Vermilionville, La. Arvis B. Sweet. Enlisted in Co. E, 110th Inf., Aug. 7, 1802; dis- charged Aug. 28, 1864. John W. Sweet. Enlisted in Co. I, lS4th Inf, Aug. 22, 1864; dis- charged June 29, 1865. Henry A. Sweet. Enlisted in Co. I, 184th Inf., Aug. 22, 1864; dis- charged June 29, 1805, George E, Sweet. Enlisted in Co, I, 184th Inf, Aug. 22, 1864; dis- charged June 29, 1865. John Chcstlcy. Enlisted in Co. I, 24th Cav., August 23, 1863; died November 30, 1864. Thomas .L Chestley. Enlisted in Co. I, llOlh Inf., August 25, 1802; died July 20, 1803, John M. Wiltsc, Enlisted in Co, F, 147th Inf., Aug. 25, 1862 ; died June 30, 1865. Anderson G. Goodwin. Enlisted in Co. K, 3d Light Art., August 4, 1863; discharged June 24, 1865. Lafayette Hanehett. Enlisted as scrg't in 8l3t Inf, Sept. 10, 1861 ; served at Fair Oaks; died of typhoid fever, June 15, 1862. Philander S. Fuller. Enlisted in Co. 1, 184th Inf., Sept. 1, 1864 ; dis- charged June 29, 1805. George Bohanan. Enlisted in Co. A, 110th Inf, Aug. 7, 1862; dis- charged August 28, 1865. Cassius V. Snyder. Enlisted in Co. F, 81st Inf, Oct. 23, 1861 ; dis- charged August 24, 1864. Gilbert L. Fletcher. Enlisted in Co. I, 110th Inf., Aug. 12, 1862; discharged September 1, 1865. Gilbert B. Mace. Enlisted in Co. F, 147th Inf., Sept. 2, 1802 ; pro- moted 1st lieut. ; killed at Gettysburg. Lueian Moss. Enlisted in Co. A. 110th Inf., Aug. 7, 1862 ; wounded and taken prisoner at Port Hudson ; died July 6, 1863. Leonard Gault. Enlisted in Co. A, 110th Inf., Aug. 7, 1802; died of fever at Port Hudson, July, 1803. Charles C. Barker. Enlisted in Co. A, 193d Inf., March 30, 1863; discharged July 31, 1865. Warren Barrett. Enlisted in Co. D, 110th Inf, Aug. 11, 1862; dis- charged September 1, 1865. Sylvester Copcl.and. Enlisted in Co. E, llOlh Inf, August 8, 1862; discharged July, 1803. AIouzo Ellis. Enlisted in Co. F, 147th Inf., Aug. 26, 1862:'died February 12, 1862. William Edmonds. Enlisted as serg't in Co. F, 147th Inf., Aug. 26, 1862: wounded at Gettysburg, July 1,1863; died Sept. 17, '63. Martin AVheeler. Enlisted in Co. K, 81st Inf, Nov. 31, 1862; dis- charged May, 1863. Levi L. Gillman. Enlisted as serg't in Co. K, 81st Inf., August 16, 1861; served in several battles; rc-cnlisted as sergt., Jan'y 1, 1864; taken prisoner, Oct. 27, 1804; in Libby and Salisbury; discharged September 18, 1865. David Slanson. Enlisted in Co. D, 184th Inf , August, 1865 ; disch. June 29, 1865. Peter Laniay. Enlisted in Co. D, 24th Inf., May 2, 1861 ; wounded at Bull Run: discharged May 17, 1863: rc-enlisted in Co. K, 15th Cav., Aug. 20, 1803: in several battles; disch. August 23, 1865. Walter Seu.lder. Enlisted in Co. E, 110th Inf., Aug. 7, 1862; dis- charged July 6, 1865. William Scudder. Enli.«ted in Co. E, I loth Inf., Aug. 7, 1802: dis- chargccl September 2, 1864. William H. Richardson. Enl'd as music'n in Co. F, 147th Inf., Aug. 22, '62; in battles of Chancellorsville, Gottysb'g; dis. Aug., '64. Oilson Goodwin. Enlisted in Co. I, 18lth Inf., Sept. 5, 1804; died July !>. 1805. Thomas Fane. Enlisted in Co. I, 184th Inf., Aug. 25, 1862; died December 25. 1863. Joseph Preston. Enlisted in Co. E, UOth Inf, Aug. 25, 1862; disch. September 2, 1864. S C H R O E P P E L. A RETROSPECTION of Httlc inorc than three-quarters of a century carrit-s us hack to the time of the first settlement of what now constitutes the town of Selirocppel. Seventy- seven years, with their momentous events and changing vicissitudes, have passed into tlie silent night of eternity since the first white settler made his permanent location within the borders of the town. Consequently, our labors in the preparation of a brief historical sketch of Schrooppel only re(|uire a record of events transpiring in and subse- quent to the year of our Lord 1800. Although there are none now living within tlie scope of our work who remember that time, yet there are those whose years antedate the settlement of the town. Some there are whose memories extend back nearly sixty years, to a time when the log cabin constituted the only habita- tion of the pioneer, and not a semblance of the present progress and development existed. Thcj/ remember the trials and hardships they had to endure in order to effect the marvelous change their industry has wrought. Yet, blended with the recolloclion of their troubles are memo- ries of the broad hospitality, the Christian fortitude, and the cheerfulness under difficulties that characterized the early settlement. Indeed, " There are moments in life that we never forget, Which brighten aneace ; Andnis Gilbert, Walter Peck, Stephen Griffith, assessors ; Hiram Gilbert, James B. Richardson, overseers of the poor; Samuel C. Putnam, Aliram Vanderpool, Leman Car- rier, commissioners of highways ; Joshua M. Rice, collec- tor ; Thomas R. Hawley, Joshua M. Rice, Leman Carrier, Alexander Ro.ss, constables. Overseers of Highways. — For district No. 1, AV'alter Peck; No. 2, John Dale; No. 3, Jesse Page; No. 4, Mil- ton Fuller; No. 5, John Porter ; No. 6, Allen Gilbert ; No. 7, Leman Carrier; No. 8, Andrus Gilbert; No. 9, George W. Davis; No. 10, Patten Parker; No. 11, Levi Pratt; No. 12, Asa Sutton; No. 13, John Curtis, Jr.; No. 14, Lawrence Seymour; No. 15, Henry W. Schrocppel. It was voted to raise two hundred and fifty dollars for the improvement of highways ; also, that the town raise an amount equal to that received from the State, for the support of common schools. The supervi.sors of the town from 1833 to 1877 inclu- sive have been: Samuel Merry, Andrus Gilbert, Samuel Merry, James B. Richardson (two years). Patten Parker (two years), Barzil Candee (two years), Joseph R. Brown, Garrett C. Sweet. Samuel Foot, William Conger (two years), William Hall (three years), Alvin Breed (five years), Ira Betts, Seth W. Alvord (two years), John P. Rice, Fred- erick D. Van Wagner, John P. Rice, Edmund Merry (three years), Charles W. Candee, Edmund Merry (three years), jMoses Melvin, John C. Hutchinson (two years), Hiram Fox (four years), William Patrick, present incumbent (two years). The town clerks for the same period have been : James B. Richardson (three years), Otis W. Randall (four years), Solomon Judd, William Conger (two years), Seth W. Burke, Joshua M. Rlee, Elmer W. Hall, Oliver Breed (two years), Edward Baxter (two years), Ilarvey Bigsby, Jerome Duke, John C. Hutchinson, James M. Clark, Geo. W. Thompson, 0. B. Fergu.son, Edmund Merry (two years), Lewis C. Rowe (four years), Alfred .Morton, Stephen A. Brooks, A. 5L Sponenburgh, James L. Breed, Stephen A. Brooks, W. H. H. Allen (two yciirs), James McCarthy, Harvey Wandell, R. A. Diefendorf, Martin Wandell, present incumbent (six years). The justices of the peace have been : Orville W. Childs, Artemus Ross, Samuel Merry, John Fitzgerald (vacancy), Artemus Ross, Joshua .M. Rice (vacjiney). Dyer Putnam, Levi Stevens, Abram Vanderpool (vacancy), James B. Richardson, Abram Vanderpool, Artemus Ross, Dyer Put- nam, Henry Ciiapin, Benjamin Hiiinian (vacancy), Ben- jamin Hinman (full term), Artemus Ross, Seth W. Burke, William Leslie, Nathaniel Coburn ( vacancy), Samuel Merry, James B. Richard.son, Andrus Gilbert, John H. Brooks, Augustus Diefendorf, John H. Hrooks (vacancy), Josiah Chaffee, James S. Gregg, Andnw Baird, Samuel Allen, Lewis McKoon, .\. C. I'aine, Joseph B. Powers ( full term), Andrus Gilbert, Edmund Merry, Jumes Barnes (vacancy), R[sioeNcc: of NELSON COREY, Son OswEoo Co., N Y. (House built in 1876 J HISTOKY OF OSWEUO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 327 James Barnes (full term), Rosea B. Russ (vacancy), Geo. M. Tainer (vacancy), John C. Fuller, Nelson Corey, Isaac N. Soulc, Seth W. Alvord (vacancy), James H. Loomis, John A. Fuller, Zachariah P. Scars, Ira Betts, James H. Loomis, Henry Ellis, Vincent L. Kimball, H. A. Brainard, Seth W. Alvord, J. C. Fuller, Stephen Hinkley, Hiram D. Fos, Edward Cathcart, Phineas Converse, James Barnes, William B. Corey (vacancy). PHCENIX VILLAGE. The early history of Phoenix (formerly called Three- River Rifts) presents many features of interest. We are enabled, through the kindness of Mr. Thomas R. Haw- ley, — a gentleman well qualified to impart important his- torical information, — to present many fiicts relative to Phoenix not generally known. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The present site of the village is included in George Scriba's patent. Right here it may be of importance to mention the manner in which Scriba became possessed of his patent. We quote from the "Documentary History of New York ;" " George Scriba, a German by birth, and a mer- chant in the city of New York, purchased of the Roosevelt brothers, delinquent contractors with the government of the State, five hundred thousand acres, for which he paid eighty thousand dollars, in 1791." The first white settler since 1800 was Abram Paddock, who erected a log cabin, near Ho.sea B. Russ' mill, in 1801. He suffered the usual privations incident to pioneer life. The Indians were very troublesome to him, and often threatened to shoot him if he did not desist from shooting their bears (he was known as Bear-hunter Paddock). In 1812 a great number of Onondagas, on their way to Oswego, encamped near Mr. Paddock's. Four of them went into his house and de- manded food. On being refused, one of them, in broken English, addressed him; "Good 'Jlerican man, we go to Osh-wa-kee ; fight British like h 1 !" During their stay, Mr. Paddock and family, in fear of them, crossed the river, and took refuge in a thicket below the point, at Three-River bar, and the Indians dispersed, and he and his family returned. Aaron Paddock (no connection to the Paddock spoken of above), familiarly known as Eel-butcher Paddock, settled at that place, across the street east from the residence of the late Joseph Gilbert, in 1822. He was succeeded by Simeon S. Chapin, who built an addition to the house, and opened the first tavern in the place. A man known familiarly as " Tory" Foster settled near A. W. Sweet's residence, and built a log house in 1823. He soon afterwards removed, but returned in 1833, and lived in a shanty east of C. W. Candee's present residence, and died there in 1834. An incident is related of him, in Clark's " History of Onondaga," which we subjoin. " He one day went into the blacksmith-shop of Judge Towsley, at Manlius, and commenced narrating his cruelties and exploits against the Americans in the Revolutionary war. The judge, then at the anvil, sledge-hammer in hand, listened patiently for some time, and at length, his patience becoming exhausted, he seized a heavy bar of iron, and struck at Foster with his full strength. As luck would have it, the force of the blow was arrested by the iron striking a beam overhead. The miscreant instantly left the shop, not caring to continue his favorite theme in the presence of American patriots, contented with escaping with his life." This and similar circumstances in the life of Foster are authenticated by Thomas R. Hawley, Esq., who knew him well. The first frame building was the addition made to the old log house of Aaron Paddock, by Simeon S. Chapin, in 1825. The first store was kept by Walter Peck, in 1828, in the old building now owned by H. B. Russ, which has under- gone such extensive improvements since as to almost lose its original identity. The first saw-mill on the east side of the river was also built by Walter Peck, in 1827-28. The first saw-mill on the west side was erected by John Wall, in 1829. The first grist-mill was built by S. W. Burke, Esq., for Alexander Phcenix, whose agent he was, in 1829-30. This was destroyed by fire a few years since, and was rebuilt by the present proprietors. Glass, Breed & Co. This was the old " red mill," known as such far and wide. The first black.smith was Seth W. Burke, who established himself in that business at Phoenix, in 1828. The first school-house was erected in 1827, and stood on Main street, a little south of Dr. Smith's office. The first teacher in it was Elvira Knapp, afterwards the wife of Thomas R. Hawley, who died in March, 1856. The first bridge across the river at Phoenix was built in 1836, by a company, and was a toll-bridge. The present bridge was built by the counties of Onondaga and Oswego. It is a fine iron structure, supported by stone piers. The first birth was that of Jane, daughter of Aaron Paddock, in 1820. The first marriage was that of James Miles, and Miriam, daughter of Aaron Paddock, in 182-t. The first death was that of Abram Paddock, in 1821. THE OSWEGO CANAL. The construction of the canal through the place, in December, 1828, gave an impetus to its growth and pros- perity long felt by the community. Some years subsequent boat-building was quite extensively carried on at the village, which about 1850 had assumed large and interesting pro- portions. In fact, the most prosperous epoch in the history of Phoenix was included in the period embraced between the yeara 1850 and 1873. In the latter year the general financial depression of the country began to be felt in boat- building circles, and the business commenced to decline, until, from four large establishments, employing an aggre- gate of over one hundred hands, not one of them is now in existence. The depreciation in freight tariffs, and the consequent inability of boatmen to meet their financial obligations, caused a general suspension of ship-building at this point, and a corresponding depression in business. A good dry-dock, owned by J. S. Pierce, is in operation, and a fair share of the boat-repairing of the canal is done by him. 328 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. INCORPORATION. Phoenix received corporate honors in 1848, tlie first election for village officers having been held in March of that year. We are unahle to give the pwceedings of the first election, as the records were destroyed by fire. The presidents and clerks of the village since 1863 (the date of the earliest record now in existence) have been as follows : J'retnleitts. — Wui. Waite, Adotiiruni Hart, Hiram Fox, Sainl. Avery, Ilufus Diefendorf (two years), Nilos Strcevcr, Henry H. Smith, Rufus Diefendorf, Niles Streever, J. E. Hamill, E. J. Vickery, John E. Hamill, Martin Wandell, John E. Haniill. Clerks. — William H. Shumway (two years), M. M. Cartter, H. W. Weeden, Henry A. Braiiiard, L. F. Ben- nett (two years), F. T. Gilbert, Bonville Fuller, W. H. H. Allen, F. T. Gilbert, C. W. Avery, R. G. Barnes, W. II. H. AUen, Add P. Hart. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. In the past, ship-building constituted the principal in- dustry of Phi, in 1819 ; also a grL-it-mill w;is begun, but never finished. There is a lock of the Oneida Slaek-Water company's canal at the place, and it contains about one hundred in- habitants. THE .METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OK OII.BERT'S .MILLS. A el:i.«s of the Jlethodists of Gilbf-rt's Mills and vicinity was formed in the year 1826, and Ilynicn Sutton was chosen class-leader, and held that position in 1831. In that year there wa.s i|uite an cxten.sive revival, which was not conliiieil exclii.sively to the Methodi.'^ts, but to all religious denominations then represented in that locality. Prior to this year the services consisted of week-day prcachinj: once in four weeks. Among the members of the class in 1831 (no records exist, and our informant, Mrs. Dr. W. B. Coy, could not remember farther back) were Hymen Sutton and wife, Eliiis Newton and wife, Asa Bailey and wife, Ira Sutton and wife, Artemus Ross and wife, Patten Parker, wife, and daughter (Mrs. Coy). Worship was held in private dwell- ings and in the school-house until ISli", when the church edifice was erected at Gilbert's Mills, but owing to a lack of funds it was not completed until 1839, and was dedi- cated early in 1840. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. Isaac Stone, the presiding elder of the district. Among the first preachers were Revs. Densmorc, Elisha Wheeler, and Charles Northrup. The present pastor is Rev. he Roy Grant. The tru.stees for Gilbert's Mills charge arc A. C. Snyder, Hiram Parker, and William Diefendorf The stewards are William P. Wallace (recording steward). Win. II. Eggleston, Sylvanus Scudder, O.scar Smyth, William Ellswnt membershiji of the church is two hundred. The pastor is Rev. A. H. Shurtlifi", who has been with the church one year. During the past winter he held very successful revival meetings, at which about three hundred conversions were made. The Sabbath-school numb:ht one hundred and twenty acres on large lots 2 and !!, which Reuben helped to clear. At the ajie of twenty he taught schoul in Palermo, having qualiticd him- self for the position of te;ieher by self-study and close ap- plication to the books contained in the old Vi>Iney library, of which his father was a stockholder, and some of the books of which the subject of this sketch still possesses. At the age of twenty-one he was elected school in.^pector. which (iffice he held until it was abolished. On the 12th of November, 1843, he was joined in wedlock with Miss Eliz;i Ann Gregg, by whom he has (bur children, — two girls and two hoys. Mr. Sutton is a public-spirited man, and always does his share towards any enterprise calculated to benefit his town. He subscribed five hundred dollars to the Midland railroad, but when, in 1871, they tried to bond the town- ship to the extent of one hundred and twenty thousand dol- lars, in behalf of a worthless railroad corporation, he fought against the measure, and was largely iu.struincntal in its defeat. Hi; spent a great deal of time and some money in preventing the h>bbyists from getting the bill through the legislature, and much credit is due fur his exertions in the cause ol' honest}' and right. In ISTU he sustained the misfortune of losing his beloved wife, who had been his faithrul companion for nearly thirty years. On the 14th of April, 1871, he was married to Amanda Hamilton, a widow lady, with wluini he was ac- quainted in his younger days. They live very happily to- gether, and asfrist each other in smoothing the rough places in the down-hill side of life. For the past two years Mr. Sutton's sons have worked the farm, and while not idle by any means, 3'et he purpo.ses, with God's assistance, to enjoy the fruits of his labors during the rest of his life, which is the most sensible thing for him to do. When a man has toiled and eared for years, and by dint of industry and perseverance has secured a competence, he is a fool to slave on to the end, and leave his means, perchance, for future litigation by his heirs. JIany such there are, but tho.se who know lleuhcn Sutton are aware of his sound common sen.se, excellent judgment, and kindly dispositimi. Long may he live to enjoy the fruits of his industrious ycjuth and busy manhood ; and we feel confident that he will maintain the good character he has won, and retain to the last the respect and the esteem of those who have the pleasure of his aci|uaiiitance. (^See illustration and portraits.) .MII.lT.vnV RKCORD OF SCHROEPPEL. James .\8kcll. In (he service in 1865. I'aniel Aiirin;jer. \u reconi given. Cliarleii Allen. Kulisleil in I'u. I>. llOtb Inf., Auj;. n. ISG2: inoi'len'd as curporal; JiicbargeU .\uj;. 2S, IHCS. Auguslua Albro. Kniisleil in Cu. D, lluth, Aui;. C, lS(i2: died at Fort JcfTersun, Flurida. Miirub 2S, ISG4. Edwin J. AuKlin. Knlinled in llarnes' 2d Ilatlerr, Aug. 23, 18(i2: di«chargetenil)cr 9, 1863. Ueurge E. Alliro. Entitled in Cu. I, 2tlh Cav., Jan. 6. ISC-i : dia- eharged July 9, ISGi. George Appell. Enlisted in Co. I, IS.Id Inf.. Murcli 2C, 1S65 ; in llio service in l.*<66. Jcilin Aniiiony. Enli.ned Jan. 28. ISGJ; substitute. CImrlet II. Allen. EnliKled in Co. I[, 9th Kegt., Feb. 4, 1SG4: dis- chiirged Sept. 29, 18G5. CbarlcK I.. liurley. Enlisted in Co. F, 8l!, UUIIi Inf., August, 18G2. Tli.inias Hoggy. Enlisted in Co. C, IGth Inf., February 29, ISG4. John Itowen. Enlisted in Co. E, 1st Art.. March I,'>. 18G4. Wm. II. Brown. Enlisted in Co. E, 24lh Cav., .>Jeplember 22, l.'*G4. Oliver 1>. Broekway. Enlisted in Co. 1>, I84lh Ki-gimeni, August 24, 18G4 : discharged. Damon C. Broekway. Eulisled in Co. It, I84lh Kegt., August 20, 1804: died October 26, 18GS. Wm. Blakenian. Enlisted in Co. D, ISlth Kegt., as sergeant, .August 2i, 1864; discharged July ID, 1865. James Beplley. Enlisted in Co. 1), 184th Regiment, August 26, 1864 ; disehargeil July 12. 1865. Michael Bergin. Enlisted in Co. B, I84lh Regl., August :il, 1864: discharged July 12, 1865. Henry A. Bruinard. Enlisted in Co. H, IStlh Kegimenl, August 30, 1864 ; discharged July 29, 1865. * As copied from the list on file in the towD clerk's office. MRS.IfiusEN Sutton f^EUBEN SUTTOIV. A:l ^Va pl^ ^T \ ficsiDENCE or R.SUITON, ScHRocppEL, Oswego Co. N. Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUxNTY, NEW YOKK. 335 Russel G. Brockway. Enlisted in Co. E, ISltli Rogt., Sc^it.l, ISIU; (lischarRcd July 12, 1865. John H. BoKardus. Enlisted in Co. K, lS4th Regiment, as coiiioral, August 30, 18i;4 ; discharged July 12, 1805. Asa M. Burgess. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., August 29, 1804 ; discharged July 12, ISOo. John A. Benedict. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Rogt., August 30, ISO! ; discharged July 12, 1805. W. II. Budgely. Enlisted In Co. K, 184th Regt., September 1, 1804 ; dissharged July 12, 1305. Lewis A. Benedict. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regiment, as corporal, September 2, 1804; discharged July 12, 1805. Richard Burke. Enlisted in navy, March, 1805; in service. Leonard Bunsy. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., September 2, 1804 ; discharged July 12, 1805. James Burnett. Enlisted in Navy, March, 1S05; in the service. Joshua P. Burley. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Marcli 3, 1804; discharged July 12. IS05. Henry Branan. Enlisted in I'JSd Regiment, March, 1805 ; discharged July 12, 1805. Henry J. Burley. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regiment, September 4, 1804; discharged July 12, 1805. Edward A. Bewer. Enlisted in Co. I, 193d Regiment, March 24, 1805 ; in service. Edgar Beebe. Enlisted in Co. B, 2d Regiment, January 4, 1804 ; discharged. Charles Bromshaw. Enlisted in Co. I, iy3d Regiment, April 8, 1805 ; in service. Lcander F. Bennett. James Butler. Enlisted in Co. D, 149th Regt., March 20, 1804 ; dis. July 21, 1805. David Bush. Enlisted Jan. 1, 1865. (leorge Betts. Enlisted in Co. H, 24th Regt., March 10, 1802. Andrew J. Betts. Enlisted in Co. D, 50th Regt., Sept. 2, 1801 ; dis. Sept. 16, 1804. Peter Cathcart. Enlisted in Co. E, 24th Regt., Sept. 23, 1861. Bertrand Cathcart. Enlisted in Co. E, 24th Regt., Sept. 23, 1801. Daniel P. Cole. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Sept. 1, 1864; was killed at City Point by a shell, while e.vamining the contents. Edwin Curtis. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 1, 1804. Manson D. Clock. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 29, 1804. Wellington Chappell. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Sept. 4, '04; dis. July 12, 1805. Nicholas J. Cornell. Enlisted as corp. in Co. K, 184th Regt., Sept. 3, 1864; dis. July 12, 1865. Henry Coudlin. Enlisted in Co. I, 193d Regt., March 29, 1805; in the army. Theodore F. Chapin. Enlisted in Co. I, 193d Regt., March 29, 1805; deserted. James Crane. Enl'd in Co. A, 24th Cav., Sept. 21, 1803. John Clancy. Enl'd Jan. 20, 1865. Edward D. Church. Enlisted Feb. 12, 1865. Edward Chappel. Enlisted in Co. F, 81st Regt., Sept. 1, 1861 ; de- serter from the hospital. Frederick H. Currey. Enlisted in Co. A, 24th Cav., Sept 1(1, 1864. ■VVm. J. Crane. Enlisted in Co. D, 110th Inf., July 31, 1862; dis. Aug. 8, 1865. Byron C. Curtis. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 30, 1804. Reuben Corry. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 30, 1864. Cornelius Carr. Wm. Colison. Enlisted as Corp. in Co. D, 110th Inf., Aug. 10, 1802; dis. Aug. 28, 1865. James Colison. Enlisted as sergt. in Co. D, 110th Inf., Aug. 10, 1862; dis. Aug. 28, 1865. Peter Conklin. Enlisted as private in Co. D, 110th Inf., Aug. 10, 1862; dis. Aug. 28, 1865. Wm. J. Crain. Enlisted as private in Co. D, 110th Inf., July 31, 1862; dis. Aug. 28, 1805. Daniel Conklin. Enlisted as private in Co. D, 110th Inf., .\ug. 5, 1802; dis. Aug. 28, 1805. Russell B. Cartter. Enlisted as private in Co. D, 110th Inf., Aug. 7, 1862; died April 11, 1863, at Charity hospital, of typhoid fever. Wallace Chappel. Enl'd in Co. I, 110th Inf., Aug. 5, 1802; dis. Aug. 28, 1805. Henry Curtis. Enlisted as sergt. in Barnes' Bat., .\ug. 31, 1802. James II. Campbell. Enlisted as corp. in Barnes' Bat., Aug. 23, 1802; pro. to eapt. Nov. 10, 1802; taken prisoner Sept. 6, 1861, at Port Hudson, La.; dis. from hospital. James .\. Coril. Enlisted in Barnes' Bat., as orderly, Aug. 31, 1862; dis. Sept. 8, 1865. George Washington Cole. Enl'd in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 25, '62; discharged. Byron Corey. Enl'd in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 30, '02 ; dis. Aug. 8, '65. Barton D. Chorlier. Enl'd in Barnes' 2l8t Bat., Aug. 30, 1862; deserted. Joseph Cole. Enl'd in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 30, 1862; deserted. John Collins. Enl'd in lUth Regt., Aug. 5, 1862; deserted. Isaac Collins. Eul'd in 35th N. Y. Bat., Aug. 24, 1862. Alfred M. Cartter. Enl'd in Co. K, 58th 111. Regt., Dec. 8, '61 ; deser'd. Charles L. Chapin. Enl'd in Co. A, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863; was woundeil in the arm at Petersburg; dis. for disability. Thomas J. Chapin. Enlisted in Co. A, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863; ho was taken prisoner Jan. 2, 1864, at Cold Harbor; died in prison at Andcrsonville, July 9, 1864. John Chcsley. Enid in Co. C, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863. James A. Carroll. Enl'd in Co. B, 149th Regt., Feb. 26, 1801; dis. July 9, 1864. Harrison (J. Chappel. Enl'd in Co. B, 149th Regt., Feb. 29, 1864; dis. July 21, 1805. Aaron P. Chambcrlin. Enl'd in Co. B, 149th Regt., Feb. 29, 1804; dis. July 21, 1.805. Julian P. Campbell. Enl'd in Co. B, 149th Regt., March 20, 1864; dis. July 21, 1865. Reuben Cook. Enlisted in Co. K, 1st L. Art., Feb. 29, 1864. George B. Cable. Enl'd in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 24, 1864; dis. Nathan Dale. Enlisted in 193d Regt. in March, 1865; in the service. Martin Davoo. Enlisted in Co. B, 9th N. Y. Bat., Sept. 12, 1862 ; dis- charged June 20, 1805. Matthew Doyle. Enlisted in Co. 1, 193d Regt., March 29, 1865 ; in the army. Michael Duffy. Enlisted in Co. I, 193d Regt., March 29, 1805 ; in the army. Charles Duffy. Enlisted in Co. I, 193d Regt., March 29, 1865; dis- charged in June, 1865. Augustus Diefendorf. Enlisted as drum-mnjor in Co. I, 193d Regt., March 29, 1865 ; in the service. Ezra Darling. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Jan 2, 1864. George A. Davenport. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1864. George E. Darling. Enlisted as corp. in Co. B, 81st Inf., Jan. 1, 1864. John Darling. Enlisted as corp. in Co. B, 81st Regt., Jan. 1, 1864; discharged Sept. 16, 1865. A. W. Darling. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 27, 1804; dis charged July 12, 1865. Francis J. Dorgiinc. Enlisted in Co. A, 16th Inf., Feb. 12, 1861. Canada Dixon. Enlisted in Co. A, 1 1 0th Inf., March 30, 1864. Royal M. Davis. Enlisted in Co. D, 147th Inf., Aug. 30, 1864. Patrick Dolan. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Inf., Aug. 24, 1864. John H. Dagwell. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Inf., Aug. 5, 1804; dis- charged July 12, 1865. Reuben A. Diefendorf. Enlisted in Co. B, Heavy Art., Jan. 4, 1864 ; discharged July 23, 1865. John Dimick. Enlisted in Co. A, 24th Cav., Dec. 20, 1863. Charles De.Kter. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Sept. 19, 1862. Charles Daily. No record given. Thomas Davis. Enlisted in the navy in March, 1865 ; in the service. Robert Durant. Enl'd in Co. F, 81st Regt., Sept. 4, 1861 ; deserted. John Evens. Enlisted in Co. D, 110th Inf., July 31, 1862; discharged July 6, 1864. Herman Ernest. Enlisted in Co. A, 81st Regt., Jan. 17, 1862. Reuben 0. Eldred. Enlisted in Co. F, 81st Regt., Sept. 1, 1862. Charles R. W. Ellis. Enlisted as eapt. in Co. K, 184th Regt., Sept. 4, 1864; discharged July 12, 1865. Luman N. Eggleston. Enlisted in Co. E, 24th Cav., May 10, 1861. Orman Eggleston. Enlisted in 110th Inf., Aug. 1, 1862. William Elmer. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Jan., 1864. A. J. Fargo. Enlisted in 110th Inf., Aug. 1, 1862. Charles C. Fall. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Jan. 4. 1864 ; discharged for disability, July 26, 1864. Elias A. Fish. Enlisted as eapt. in 81st Regt., Sept. II. 1801 ; fell at Chapin's Bluff, near Richmond, Va. ; died Oct. 1, 1864. 336 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEAV YORK. CImrks FulliT. EnliKtcd in Co. A. UOlli Inf., Sipl. 12, 1862. Morrill I). Fuller. Knlislol in Co. I.. 26(li Cav., Out. 1, ISC4; (lis- cliar^cil .fiinc 7, IS6.5. Jnmis W. I'.ilUr. EiilisHJ in Co. F. 81»t U.'gt., S<.|.t. 1, 1,101. Paul Frt'cliousi'. KiiIimIlmI iu UuriieM* 2l9t Itut,, Au^, 12, 1sri2; dcs. Au'lrc'iv ,). Fiill. Knlii'tcd in liiirnrx' 21x1 Ilul.. Au^. 2.1, lsri2. Au^uslui' Full. Kulislcil in I I'.'lli Itr;;!., .Inn., I.si'.l. liilcs F. Full. Fnli»ti'il in lilli lluavy Art., Jiiu. 1, IS6I. (Irin W. Full. Kiilislod iu 'Jtb Heavy Art.. Jan. 5, 1.SC4. Charli'S Frerdciui. Knli^'ted in Iliirncs' 21st liul., Au);. 12, 1862. JamcH Full)-. Enlisted in IlarneK' 21st Hat., Sept. 27, ISC2; dcs. E. W. Fairliiinkf. Enlisted in .'Id Art. Mart. Fu.\. Enlii'ted in aUtli Uegt. ; shot in n tree in tbe Confederate army. Cyrus S. Fniliek. Enlisted in Co. E, 1 19th Kegt.. Murcli 2(1, ISfil : disclinrged .luly 21, l.Sfij. Patriek Frainlcy. Enlisted in Co. K, 1st L. Art., Mareli Ij, 1SC4. Daniel D. Foley. Enlisted in Co. K, ISJth Ucgt., Aug. 28,1864; discharged .July 10, 1865. Allen Frauchcr. Enlisted in Co. K, Illlh Regt., Aug. 2'.l, 18K4 ; dis- charged July 11, l.lOj. Abrnni Fretenherg. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Jan., 1S64. Addison 1). liates. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 7, 1SC2; dis- charged July 211, 186j. SamUcd Uilibs. Enlisted in Co. D, UOlh Inf., Aug. 10, I.1C2 ; dis- charged Aug. 25. ISfiS. Joshua (toodwin. Enlisted oif sergt. in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 28, 18IJ2; disehargcil .Seiit. il. IStii. Isaac Gnivc.'*. Enlisted as scrgt. in Harnes* 21st Hat., Aug. 2S, 1862; discharged Sept. 9, I8C5. John 11. (Jreen. Enli.-'teil as jirivate in Jiaines' 2l.«t liat., .\ug. 28, 1802. Charles Green. Enlisted as ]irlvate in Co. H, 14th Inf., July, ISe.f. Frederick 11. Green. Enlisted a.s scrgt. in Co. I), ICOth Ucgt., Sept. :!0, 1862. .lohn lircenbust. Enlistcil in l.'ith Cav., July .il, 186.1. Charles (Jilligan. Enlisted in Co. B, I2th Cav., July 1, 186.1. Jacob (iilcs. Enlisted in Co. .\, 14tli Inf., July, 1803. William Gleeson. Enlisted in Co. li, 1 Ith Inf., July, ISO-f. 'riiorniis liullivcr. Enlisted in Co. 1!, lltb Inf., July, 180:i. Frank Gillis. Enlisted as scrgt. in Co. B, 2d H. Art., Due. 19, '6:!. EJnuind Gould. Enl'J in Co. B, 2d H. Art., Jan 4, 1863; disabled by wounds. June 16, 1864. Wright .^. Gilbert. Enl'd in Co. I, 24th Cav., Jan. 2, 1804 : pro. to 2d lieutenant, .■!2d U. S. C. T. Morris G. Gordon. Flnlisted in Co. F, Slst Rcgt., Jan. 10, '04 : killed at battle of Cllapiu Blull's, Sept. 29, 1864. John l>. Gifl'ord. Enl'd as eapt., Co. .V, 18lth Ucgt., Aug. 20, 1864 : tlischnrged ,luly 13, 180.'i. Thomas B. Griffin. Enlisted as 2d lieut. in Co. G, 193d Uegt., March 2, 1865 ; in the army. A. Giinilan. Enlisted as bugler in lialtcry, Sept., 1861. John Genselcr. No record given. John Grouse. Enlisted in 24th Cav., in January, 1S64. George L. Hubbard. Enlisted in Co. A, llOlh Inf., August la, '62; discharged Aug. 25, 1865. Thomas Hall. Enlisted as sergeant in (,'o. D, UOth Inf., August 10, 1862; died of suu-strokc, at Baton Kougc, La., Aug. 25, 1863. Harrison B. Hcrrick. Enl'd as scrgt. in Co. D, UOtli Inf., Aug. 9, 1802; pro. major, August 31, 1804. William llalstead. Enlisted in Co. D, IKiili Inf.. Aiigu.M 7, 1802; discharged Sept. 1, 1865. Lorenzo l». Iljirris. Enlisted in Co. I), Iinih Inf., August 0, 1862; disehargcil ,^cpt, I, 1805. Jonathan Henley. Enlisted in Barnes' 2l8t Bat., August 24, 1802. James .\. Hines. Enlisted in Barnes' 2l8t Bat., Aug. 23, 1802 ; dcs. Charles W. Hines. Enl'd in Barnes' 21sl Bat., Sept. 3, 1862; des. Henry F. Hines. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Ucgt., Aug, 30, 1864. Charles H. Hulstead. Enlisted in Barnes' 2lst Hat., Aug. 19, 1862; discharged Sept. 9, 1805. John llalstead. Enlisted in Barnes' 2l8t Bat., Aug. 29, 1862; des. Manison Herrick. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Hal., .\ngnst 12, 1862; ilisehargctl July 18, 1.S65. Samuel Herrick. Enl'd in 59lli Uegt., August 4, 1803; deserted. Charles llerri.k. Enlisti'd in llOth Inf., August, 1862. John Hoosc. EdUsIoI in 119th Ilogt., Jan., 1864 ; died in the army. John James Hoose. Enlistetl in 119lh Uegt., January, 1864. Daniel Handwright. Enlisted in 59th Uegt., .August, 18t>3. Alton Hatikes. Enlisted in .i9th Kegt., .\ug. 4, 1863; died in army. W. H. Ilungerford. Enlistetl in .'i9th Uegt.. August 4, 1863. Thomas W. Ilungerford. Enl'd in Co. K. 184tli Uegt., Aug. 30, '64. Alfred S. HefTron. Enlistetl in 24lh Cav., January, 1864. Charles 11. Hallen. Enlisted in 9lh H. Art.. .Ian. 4, 1864 : discharged .Sept. 29. 1865. Samuel Hill. Enlisted in inih Inf.. .March 17, 18(H. EdwartI Hartley. Enlistetl in ICIli Inf., Feb. 12, 1864. Arthur Hall. Enlistetl in 81st Uegt.. March 2U, 1863. Charles C. Hull. Enlistetl in 81st Kegt., March 30, 1863. Frank Hall. Enlisted in 24th Cuv., Sept. 21, 1864. Stephen llalliday. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Sept. 30, 1864. Ueuben 11. Hallitlay. Enlisted in 24lh Cav., Jan., 1804. John Harpley. Knii.'ted in Co. K. 184th Kegt., Sept. 2, 1.S64. William Harne.s. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Uegt., Sept. 3, 1864 ; pro. Corp. Oct. 24, 1804; disch. Aug. 28, 1805. Lester S. Hatch. John C. Hutchinson. Enlisted in Co. E, I I9lh Uegt.. .March IS, '64 ; dischargcti July 28, 1865. Adelbcrt P. Hart. Enlistetl in Co. A, Ist Art., Xov. 15, 1801. Fortlinund Ilalks. Enlistetl in Co. H, 24th Cav., May 10, 1S6I : was woundeil in the Inst Bull llun ; disch. June 1, 1S05. EdwartI Howard. Enlisted in Bates' Bat., Sept., 1861 ; was shot through the head. Theotlt>re Iloughtuling. Enlistetl in 2ltli Cav., .Ian., 1804; trans. to Intl. Bat., June, 1802. Jacob Johnson. Enl'd as lircmun, Dec. 21, 18t>3; dis. Uec. 20; '04. William Johnson. Nt) record given. William .\. Jones. Enlistuil as corp. in Co. D, UOth Inf., July 31, 1862: disch. August 28, 1805. Oliver Jonos. Enlistetl as corp. in Barnes' 21st But., .\ug. 28, *62, Delos Jcwitt. Enlistetl in Co. E, llOth Inf., August 1, 1802. Bertrand Jcssup. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Uegt., August 25, 1804 ; dischnrgetl July 12, 1805. John S. Jackson. Enlistetl in 2tl II. ,\rt., Feb. 5, 1864 : disch. on licctiunt tif tlisability, June 15, 1864. Henry L. Kinney. Enlisted in Co. K, lS4th Ucgt., Aug. 25, 1862; ]iro. to corp. July 18, 1S63; iliseh. .\ug. 12. 1865. Jacob Keibl. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 22, 1862. John King. Enlisted in 15th Cnv. Edw. R. Keith. Enlisted in Co. II, I49th Uegt., Feb. 29, 1864; dis- charged May 16, 1865, on account of wound in the left forearm. John Kane. Enlisted in 81st Uegt., March 31. Melvin Kirkland. Enl'd in Co. K, 184th Rcgt., Sept. 3, 1864. Auburn Kinney. Enl'd in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 31, 1862; deserted. John E. Kcnyon. Enlisted in Co. II, Slst Uegt , .Sept. 4, I.8C1. Win. Lapoint. Enlistetl Dee. 21, 1803; firenmn, prom, ttt first-class ti reman. Geo. S. Lee. Enlisted in Co. I>, lllllh Inf , Aug. 7, 1862; disch. Dec. 2, 1864. Goo. II. Lake. Enlisted as eorp. in Co. D, llOth Inf, Aug. 5, 1862. John Letson. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 18, 1S02. Marnniduku Ling. Enlistetl in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 5, 1862. CIt.fe Laptiinl. Enlisted in the lUUth Regt., Sept. 5, 1803. I'eter Lapttint. Enlistetl in 149th Regt., March 21, 1864; deserted. Lickniun I.upoint. Enlisted in Barnes' 2l9t Bat., Aug. 26, 1.162; tlisch. Sept. 9, 1865, John 11. Lockwood. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1803. Oscar F. Lawrence. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 27, 1864; disch. July 12, 1805. Leriiy Limbeck. Enlisled in 24th Cnv., May, 1861. Jidin C. Lumpnuin. Enl'd us sergt. in Co. II, 81st Ucgt., Oct. 21, 1801. E. Lord. Enlistetl in Slst Ucgt. in Aug., 1861; discharged. Martin Listc. No record given. James Lctinard. Enlistetl in Co. A, Slst Regt., Sept. 17, 1861. Enoch Magec. Enlisted in Co. E, 149th Regt., Feb. 20, 1864 ; disch. July 21, 1865. Sylvester II. Marshall. Enlisted in Co. I, 193d Uegt., Mnr. 29, 1865; in service. Edwin Mastin. Kidistcd in Co. F, Slst Rcgt., Aug. 31, ISOl : died in hospital. Alfretl Morion. Eul'tl as inajtir in 193 Kegt.. in March, 1S(!5. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 337 William McKcIy. Enlisted in 193d Rogt., March, 18(!5 ; in army. Jolni McNary. In the navy. Charles McKcnna. In the navy. Dennis D. McKoon. En I'd as ist lieut, in Co. D, 110th Inf., Au^. 11, 1802 : resigned on acconnt of ill health, Dec. 1, lSt)2. John McDonald. Enl'd in Barnes' 21st Eat., Sept. 22, 1862; des. Almon Mclntyre. Enl'd in Barnes' 21at liat,., Mny 28, 18(i2; des. Hugh McKeever. Enlisted as Ist-cluss fireman, Dec. 21, 18G3; dis. Deo. 20, 1864. James McKeever. Enlisted as Ist-elass fireman, Dec. 21, 1863; dis. Dee. 20, 1864. John McGoney. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 27, 1862. Daniel McCarthy. Enlisted in IGth Inf., Fob. 12, 1864. Mariotte G. McKoon. Enlisted os 1st lieut. in Co. K, 184th Kegt., Aug. 20, 1864; resigned. John JIcMuliin. Enlisted as corp. in Co. K, ]84th Regt., Aug. 27, 1864; discharged July 12, 1865. John McCarlin. Enl'd in ]il3d Rogt., March 29, 1865; in the array. William A. McKinley. Enlisted in Co. F, 193d Regt., April 7, 1865 ; in the army. Peter McQuater. No record given, Robert Marren. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 25, 1862. Alfred Morgan. Enl'd as sergt. in Co. I>, 15th Cav., Aug. 10, 1863; discharged Aug. 9, 1865. Hiram M. Marvin. Enlisted in Co. I, 24th Cav., Jan 2, 1864 ; dis. June 5, 1S65. Elijah Moore. Enlisted in Co. E, 81st Regt., Miirch 26, 1864; had three fingers shot off the right hand; discharged. Marshall Moure. Enlisted in Co. E, 81st Rogt., March 26, 1864; "lost a finger, at Cold Harbor ; dis, Aug. 31, 1865. E. 'Wicks Mills. Enlisted as 1st sergt. in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 24, 1864; dis. July 13, 1865. Luman E. Munger. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 31, 1864. N. H. Miles. Enlisted in Co. K, lS4th Regt., Aug. 30, 1864. Edward Moore. Enlisted in Co. K, lS4th Regt., Aug. 29, 1864. John Moore. Enlisted in Co. H, 24th Cav., Aug. 10, 1861 ; was wounded in the leg; discharged. Patrick Murphy. Enlisted in Co. H, 193d Regt., March 29, 1805; in the army. Abram Mojier. Enlisted in Co. E, 193d Rogt. ; in the army. Simeon Nelson. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 2;J, 1862; in 1865 was at general hospital at Fort Gaines, Zenos Norton. Enlisted in 9th Heavy Artillery. Charles Noy. Enlisted in Co. F, Slst Regt., Oct. 14, 1861. John F. Noble. Enlisted in Co. F, Slst Regt., Sept. 24, 1861. Mark Ostrander. Enlisted in Co. E, 149th Regt., March 31, 1864; dis. July 21, 1865. Lewis iM. Ostrander. Enlisted in Co. K, lS4th Regt., Aug. 22, 1864 ; dis. July 15, 1865. Abram Ostrander. Enlisted in Co. I, 193d Regt., March 29, 1805; in the army. Joseph O'l.eary. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 31, 1864. Cornelius Owen. Enlisted in loth Cav., in 1863; was killed by the cars at Syracuse, before entering the army. John Phillips. Enlisted in Co. D, UOth Inf., Aug. 10, 1862; dis. Aug. 12, 1865. James Phillips. Enlisted in Co. D, 110th Inf., July 31, 1862 ; died of typlioid fever, Feb. 4, 1863, in Lonislaua. Peter Phillips. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Sept. 13, 1862. Edward J. Phillips. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Sept. 16, 1862. Charles H. Phillips. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 23, 1864. Clark Porter. Enlisted in Co. D, UOth Inf., Aug. 11, 1862; dis. on account of disability. Francis H. Putter. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 11, 1862; dis. Aug. 18, 1863. Peter Pear. Enlisted in Barnes' 2Ist Bat., Aug. 26, 1802; deserted. Henry Plumley. Enlisted in Ulth Regt. Grenville G. Pierce. Enlisted in 2d H. Art., Jan. 4, 1SB4; promoted to 2d lieut., Aug. 12, 1865 ; in the U. S. Cav. Corps. James Palmature. Enlisted in Co. I-, 24th Cav., Jiin. 5, 1864. Krastus L. Plumrner. Enlisted in Co. E, 149th Regt., March 29, '64; dis. July 21, 1865. ■yVm. Henry Pritchard. Enl'd in Co. E, 149th Kegt., March 29, '64; was wounded in the shoulder, and sent to hospital, where he died. Lucius Priti-hard. Enlisteil in 24lh Cav, in 1864. Paul Pilkey. Enl'd in Co. E, 149th Regt., March 29, 1864 ; dis. July 21, 1805. Samuel Patterson. Enlisted in 16th Inf., Feb. 29, 1864. Parvey Fluff. Enl'd in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 25, 1864 ; dis. July 12, 1865. Darius Pangnian. Enlisted in Co. K, lS4th Regt., Sept. 2, 1864 ; dis. July 12, 1865. Alonzo Pickard, Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Sept. 4, 1864; dis. July 12, 1865. Thomas R. Pegden. Enl'd as sergt. in Co. D, UOth Inf., Aug. 11, '62. Wm. J. Parker. Enl'd in Co. F, Slst Regt., Sept. 10, '01 ; dis. in '62. George Potts. Enl'd as 1st lieut. in Barnes' 21st Bjit., Sept. ,'02 ; resig'd. Charles Palmature. Enlisted in 24th Cav., in Jan., 1804. George Patterson. Enlisted in 24th Cav., in 1864. Frank Pratt. Enlisted in 24th Cav., in Jan., 1864. Joseph Paskush. Enlisteil in 193d Regt., March, 1865; in the army. Albert Quakeubush. Enlisted in Co. I, 24th Cav., Jan'y 5, 1864. Lemuel D. Roos. Ira Hooker. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug., 1862; deserter. A. N. Ross. Enlisted in 24th Cav., January, 1864. Jay Robison. Enlisted in Co. E, 24th Cav., May 17, 1801 ; disch'gd May 9, 1863. William H, Robison. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., August 27, 1864; discharged July 12, 1865. Benjamin F. Robison. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., August 29, 1864; discharged July 12, 1865. Charles F. Robison. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Feb'y 11, 1864; dis- charged July 16, 1865. Alfred M. Reed. Enlisted in Co. D, UOth Inf., August 10, 1862 ; dis- charged August 12, 1865. Charles Royce. Enlisted in Co. D, UOth Inf., August 7, 1802; dis- charged December 7, 1863. George N. Root. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 27, 1862 ; dis- charged December 9, 1865. Sylvester S. Rodgera. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 31, 1862. Henry C. Richardson. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 12,1862. Frank Rieshaloo. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Sept. 10, 1862. Doles S. Rich. Enlisted in 24th Cav., Dec. 28, '63 ; dis. June 24, '65. Henry L. Russ. Enlisted in 2d H. Art., January 5, 1864. John G. Rowland. Enlisted in Co. 11, 149th Regt., Feb'y 26, 1864; discharged from hospital. Charles Roberts. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., August 22, 1804. Robert M. Rich. Enlisted as serg't, in 24th Cav., Dee. 5, 1863; dis- charged June 21, 1805. Nathan M. Reynolds. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., .\ug. 25, '02. .\lbert Stewart. Enlisted January 26, 1865. Nelson Spencer. Enlisted in Co. F, 81st Regt., Aug. 16, 1861. Charles D. Seeley. Enlisted in Co. L, 24th Cav., Jan'y 2, 1864; ho was taken prisoner at Poplar Grove, and died in Salisbury jirison, January 10, 1805, of starvation. Peter Simpson. Enlisted in Co. I, UOth Inf., July 20,1862: missing. Morris F. Saulsbury. Enlisted as captain in Barnes' 21st Bat., .\ug. 26. 1862 ; discharged September 9, 1865. Thomas Sedgwick. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 21, 1862. Adam Si.\bury, Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 28, 1862; died at Port Hudson, October 8, 1863. George W. Sixbury. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 31, 1862. Mucan H. Sixbury. Enlisted in Barnes' 2l5t Bat., Aug. 31, 1862. Harlow Sixbury. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 30, 1862. Charles Sixbury. Enlisted in Bates' Bat., Aug., 1865. Charles H. Share. Enlisted as corporal in Barnes' 21st Bat., August 28, 1862 ; discharged Sept. 9, 1865. Orville A. Sutton. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Aug. 31, 1862. James H. Smith. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st B.it., Aug. 26, 1862. Joseph Saddlomire. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., Sept. 4, 1862. Frank Shoat. Enlisted in Bates' Bat., in Sept., 1801. Thomas Stewart. Enlisted in 149th Regt., in Aug., 1862. Warren Setts. Enlisted in 24th Cav., in Jan., 1804. llosea Smith. Enlisted in Bates' Bat., in Sept., 1861. Jared L. Shepard. Enlisted in Co. F, Slst Regt., Sept. 1, 1861 ; died in hospital. George A, Shepard. Enlisted in 2d H. Art.; dis. June 5, 1805. Stephen J. Scriba. Enlisted as 2d lieut.. May 13, 1861. Charles B. Scriba. Enlisted in Co. H, 24lh Cav., May 13, 1801 ; wouuded.by a gunshot Aug. 29, 1862; died Sept. l.S, 1862. 338 HISTOKY OF (3SWEG0 COUNTY, NEW YORK. Philip H. Scriba. Enliated in Co. A, UOtb Inf., Aug. 9, \Mi. Charles L. Spencer. Ealiatcd in Co. II, 21th Cuv., May 10, 1801 ; (lis. May 30, 1863. Albert I. Spencer. EnliaUd in Cu. D, llOlh Inf., Aug. 11, 1862 ; di«. .*epl. I, 1865. Luther D. Slantun. Enlisted in Co. D, UOth Inf., Aug. 11, 18C2; promoted to principal musician SepL 10, 1S04. James E. Stanton. Enlisted in Co. U, UOth Inf., Aug. II, 1862 ; die. Aug. 11, 1SC3. >'rcileriol< A. Stanton. Enlisted in Co. II, 24th Cav., Aug., 1861. Hiram R. Sweet. Enlisted in Co. E, 110th Inf., Aug., 1862. Georgo Stephens. Enlisted in 3d Art. Alfred Stanipson. In tlio navy. Charles Stewart. Enlisted in 12:>d Kcgt., Aug. 16, 1863. George Sautaino. Enlisted in Co. 1, rj.ld Uegl., March 2'J, ISOi; in the army. Henry Showers. Enlisted in 21th Cav., Aug. 4, 1863. John Slick. Enlisted in I9l8t Regt., in March, 1865. William R. Sutton. Enlisted in Co. U, 81st Regt., July 17, 18S3. John E. Smith. Enlisted in Co. F, SIst Regt., Jan. 17, 1863. John Smith. Enlisted in 1st Art., Maroh 15, 1864. Charles R. Smith. Enlisted in 184th Regt., Sept 15, 1864 ; dis- ohargcd July 12, 1865. James Smyth. Enlisted in Cu. A, 1st L. Art., Out. 1, l.'<61 ; dis- charged Deo. 29, I86I. Harvey Sibers. Enlisted in Co. D, 149th Regt., Fob. 26, 1864 ; pro- moted to 2d liout. May 11, 1.S64; discharged June 28, 1865. Charles Skinner. Enlisted in Ifith Inf., Fub, 29, 1864. Frank Sunbrowner. In the navy. William Sampson. Enlisted as sorgt. in Co. K, 184th Rogl., -Vug. 24, 1864; discharged July 12, 1,'<65. Lewis Scbrader. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 25. 1864. Charles W. Sherman. Enlisted as corp. in Co. K, ISIth Regt., Sept. 2, 1864; dischnrgeil July 12, IStio. Samuel Scott. Enlisted in Co. K, Islth Regt., Sept. 3, 1864; dis- charged July 12. IS65. John J. .'ihears. Enlisted in Co. K, 184lh Regt., Sept. 5, 1864; dis- charged June 29, 1865. Wm. II. Shears. Enlisted in Co. K, 184lh lligl., Sept. 5, 1864; died Dec. 22. 1864. James .^nnders. Enlisted .January 14. 1S65. Harvey Tracey. Enlisted in Harncs' 2Ist Bat., .Vug. 16, 1.". Wheaton. Enlisted in Co. K, lS4th Rogt., .Sept. 2, 1864. Thos. White. Enlisted in the navy. Horace .\. Whitney. Enl'd in Bates' But., Oct. 5, 18C1 ; in the war department at Washington. A. II. White. Enlisted March 17, 1865. Copebmd Wilson. Kniisled in the navy, Dec, 1863. Samuel Wilson. Enl'd in Co. F, SIst Regt, Jan. 17, 1S04. Frank Wilson. Enlistetl in the navy. Milo W. Woller. Enl'd as corp. in Co. K, ISlih Regt, Sept 3, 1864; disch. July 12, 1SI15. Nathan D. Wiiiohell. Enlisted in 1st Lt Art F. Winch. Enlisted in Co. K, IS4th Regt., Sept. 2, 1864. Jos. W. Willit Enli.sted in Barnes" 21st Buttery, Sept 5, 1862; deserted. Levi Wells, Enlisted in l.'>th Cav. (ieorgo Wilco.x. Enlisted in 15lh Cavalry. E. Wilkinson. Enlisted in Co. A. SIst Regt., Jan. 17. 1861. Andrew Wild. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt, Aug. 31, I.S64. Warren J. Williams. Enl'd in Co. D, UOth Inf., Sept. 5, 1864; di«. August 5, 1805. George A. Woodcock. Enl'd in Barnes' 2lsl Bat, Sept. 2:t, 1863 : dis. Sept. 3. 1805. Daniel Woodcock. Enlisted in Barnes' 21st Bat., .August 26, 1862. James Wood. Enlisted in Co. II, 149th Regt., Feb. 26, 1864; disoh. July 21, 1865. Frank Word. Enlisted in the navy. John R. Young. Enlisted in Cu. H, 24th Cav., .March I, 1861. Levi A. Veomans. Enlisted in Co. K, 184th Regt., Aug. 16, 1864. Benjamin Y'oung. Enlisted in Co. K, isith Regt, .\ug. 31, 1864. Edward Zang, Enlisted in the navy. IL NEW HAVEN. This town was formed from Mexico as part of Oneida county, April 2, 1813, being the ninth in age of the towns of Oswego County. The town as first formed corresponded exactly to the old survey-township of Vera Cruz, the nine- teenth township of Scriba's patent. This, in addition to the present town of New Haven, had a tract half a mile wide running along the lake-shore through to Richland. The reason for this curious arrangement on the part of Mr. Scriba is not positively known, but was doubtless due to a desire to dispose of Mexico, while retaining the harbor at the mouth of Salmon creek, where he meant to build the city of Vera Cruz. In May, 1836, the strip in question, comprising five lots, was annexed to Mexico, since which time New Haven has remained at its present size. The town borders on the lake, and in area is the smallest in the county, being five miles east and west, by five and three-fourths north and south. The surface is rolling, but generally smooth and well improved, there being only about twenty-five acres of non-resident land. The town is divided into one hundred and thirty-eight lots (including the five taken oflF), which are numbered from the west eastward, beginning on the lake-shore at the northwest corner, and ending at the southeast corner, just east of the village of Vermillion. Three small streams run northward into the lake, viz., Catfish creek, through the centre of the town ; Butterfly, through the east part ; and Spring brook, through the west part. There is quite an extensive marsh near the mouth of the Butterfly, and another in the southwest part of the town. The Rome and Oswego railroad runs through the north part, about mid- way between New Haven village and Lake Ontario. It was put in operation about 1866, and is a great aid to the inhabitants. The village formerly called Gay Head is the principal place of business, and pleasantly situated near the centre of the town. Cheever's Mills, in the north part, is a place of some im- portance, and is widely known. Gridley's Mills (now Daggett's), three-fourths of a mile northwest of the village, has a saw-niill and cider-mill. At an early day a wool- carding and cloth-dressing mill was run there, but several years since it disappeared. Half a mile west of the village, on Catfish creek, is the locality called the " Hollow," where there is a grist-mill. The neighborhood formerly boasted of a saw-mill and tan- nery, but both have gone to decay. There has been a grist-mill in operation at this point since a very early period. Cummings' Mills, in the south part of the town, also on the Catfish, is a well-known locality. At this place is a saw- mill and cider-mill. There is a grist-mill and saw-mill at Cheever's, and a saw-mill on Spring brook, in the north- west part of the town. EARLY SETTLERS. The first permanent settler of the town was Solomon Smith, who located on lot 47, and built the first log house in town, near where David Russell now resides. He also put up, in 1812, the first frame building, which is Mr. Russell's house, or a part of it. Soon after the house was inclosed a dance was held in it, called a " house-warming," when a grand time was had, Colonel Sherman Hosmer, now ninety years old, living in Mexico, being one of the party. Mr. Smith died in the town of which he was the first resident, November 28, 1824, aged seventy-five. He had several sons, one of whom, John 11., was killed at the raising of Orris Hart's ashery, just east of the village, in October, 1823. This ashery was a framed one ; another had been built of logs some time before. Another son of Mr. Smith was Jesse, who lived a long time in town, and died but a few years since, over eighty years of age. The next settlors after Mr. Smith were Gardner Wynian and Eleazer Snow, who came from Eaton, Madison county, in 1804. Mr. Wyman was captain of the militia in the war of 1812, being the first man in town who commanded a military company. Meres Wyman, now living in town, at the age of eighty-seven, was a son of the captain. Young Wyman, about 1810, thought he would like to attend a dance at Mexico Point (then Vera Cruz), and looked around for a horse to take his girl. He finally heard of an unengaged one at what is now Colosse, about nine miles distant. Thither he went on foot, obtained the horse, mounted him. and rode back to Joseph Boynton's, in New Haven. He took one of that gentleman's girls on the horse behind him, as was the custom then, and pro- ceeded to the party at Vera Cruz. The dance having been duly participated in, the young man took the girl in the same manner back to her father's, then rode the horse to its owner's, at Colosse, and then walked home. By the time he had made his round trip he had traveled over fifty miles. Mr. Wyman, Sr., built the second log house in town, on lot 57, at the east end of the present Barker farm. Mr. Snow located on the north side of the Catfish, on the road from the depot to Solomon White's. Mr. S. had at least three sons, by the names of Charles, Lebbeus, and Daniel. The last named was but two years old when they came to town, which was by the way of Oswego to the mouth of the Catfish creek. Meres Wyman, then a boy of fourteen, met 339 340 HLSTOUY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NKW YORK. them at the landing and carried the child in his arms to the shnnty jirepau'd for tiie family. That baby boy is now living' in town, at tlie age of seventy-five, and he and his faithful younjj; bearer are the two oldest residents. Soon after the close of the war of 1S12, Charles Snow and his brother Lebbcus both commanded vessels running on llie laki' between Oswego and Lewiston. During one of tlie down trip.s a terrible storm came uj), the ves.scl which Charles Snow commanded was wrecked, and none of those on board (about thirty in number) were ever heard of. The vessel came ashore near Sodus, was re]>aired, and after- wards did good sen'ice. The other one, commanded by Leb})eus Snow, was driven into the mouth of Genesee river and saved. Chauncey Drake settled near Cheever's Mills in 1804, and worked in the first mill which wxs built there. In 1805, Jo.sepli Hailey, James Jerrett, Ira Hoat, David Easton, and Andrew Place came into town. Mr. Bailey was from Ver- non, Oneida county, and located on the present farm of Andrew Coe. He held many offices of trust, and was the first postmaster. lie was an early justice of tlio peace, and in 1814 had the privilege of performing the marriage cere- mony for Colonel Ephraim Van Valkenburgh, the first white child born in the present town of Volney. Mr. Jerrett was from Paris, Oneida county, and located opposite to Mr. Hailey. The two were in middle life at the time, as they were .soldiers in the IJritish army, and de- 8ert<'d from Hurgoyne about the time of the battle of Saratoga. Mrs. Polly Coo, now living in town, at the age of ninety-two, was the daughter of Mr. Jerrett. Mr. Hoat was from Kirkland, Oneida county, and settled at Cheever's Mills. He built the first saw-mill in town there in 1805, and iis men were very scarce at that time, tliey had to have a great deal of whisky. To get it two men were obliged to go to Rome, their means of conveyance being nothing else than the crotchcd limb of a tree with a yoke of cattle attached. They obtained one barrel in this way, it is said, and drank it up before raising the mill, so they had to get another before anything could be done in the way of putting up the building. David Easton located on the present ^Villis Johnson farm, in the east part of the t<.)wn. He was one of the early great men, and held man}' offices of trust. He was ajijiointed a ju.stice of the ])eace for the town of Mexico as early as 1807, and wxs elected supervisor of the same town in 1809. He was an associate judge of the eomninii pleas in lSl(i, and supervisor of New Haven at the time of his death, in 1823. Andrew Place was also quite a prominent man in many respects. He would go all lengths to befriend a ])er.son, using time and money to aecompli.sh the object, and at another time exert him.self as much to punish some one else. He was often heard to remark that he could treat a person as well as any one, and, if need be, could abuse him as had as any one. He at fii-st located on the Ira I). Smith farm, and afterwards at May's Corner, about two miles east of the village, where he kept a hotel at an early day. He lived at the village in 1810, and at another time kept a hotel where his .son, A. G. Place, now lives. During the last years of his life he resided at the village, and dropped dead in his wagon November 15, 1852, at the age of sixty- five. In 1806 we find as new-comers Roswell Harman, Daniel Ilewett, and Joseph Boynton. Mr. Harman was from Vernon, Oneida county, and located about three-fourths of a mile west of the present village. His son George was born there in 1812. and has always lived in town. Mr. Hewett wiis a grandfather of E. G. Hewett, and settled southeast of the village. Mr. Boynton settled on the present T. S. Doud farm, and kept a hotel there soon after coming into town. Boynton hill, in the western part of the town, was named after this early landlord. In 1807-8, Ezra May, Jonathan Wing. Warner and Anson Drake, Waldo IJrayton, and Daniel Hall became residents of the town. Mr. May settled at the present vil- lage, and in 1810 opened the first hotel in town, just east of the brick huu.se, which was al.so built by him for a hotel in 1821. and which is still standing. During the war of 1812, Mr. May was at one time in Commodore Chauncey 's fleet, on Lake Ontario, as a pilot. While on this service one day, he saw that a terrible storm was about to burst upon them, and went to request the captain of the vessel on which he was to lash the guns. This officer happened to be drunk in his lierlh at the time, ami roughly tohl Mr. May "to attend to his own business, and he would to his." .Mr. .M. let down a small boat, anil two or three .sjiilors jumped into it, but before he could get in it himself the .s(|uall struck tliem and sunk the Ves.sel. Mr. May jumped into the lake, went down several times, and had given up all hope of being re.scucd, but was finally ]>icked U[i by the men in the boat. They reached another vessel, liut this was soon alter captured by the British, and May with the rest was carried a prisoner to Kingston. Here a guard was placed over them. AVIien night came on a bed was drawn up in front of the door of the room in which the prisoners were confined, and after getting " mellow" on whisky, the guard lay down to sleep. Mr. May and one or two others bribed the sentinel at the door, carefully pulled away the bed on which lay the drunken guard, and escaped. May, finally, after a great deal of difficulty, reached Sackett's Harbor in saft'ty, and was paid fifty dollars by Commodore Chauncey, on account of his courage and shrewdness. Mr. Wing settled in the eastern part of the town, near Mr. Ea.Nton s, and, like him, was one of the early magnates of New Haven. He was appointed a ju.stice of the peace as early as 1811, and in 181H was elected the first town clerk of the new town. Mr. Warner Drake located near where his son, Butler S., now resides. An.son Drake settled at the village, and opetKHl the first store there, in 1800. .Mr. Brayton .settled at Cheever's Mills, and put up the first grist-mill in town there, in 1800. Mr. Hall located near where A. B. Tuller now resides. He was one of the first officers of the town, and a promi- nent man of the early days. In 1810, Nathaniel Marvin, William Taylor, Alinon Lindsley, Herman Hitchcock, and Peleg Davis became residents of the town. Mr. Marvin settled on the present T. U. Austin farm, and afierw.irds at the ' Hollow." where StTH Severance.. Setii Skvkrance was one of the earliest inhabitants of New Haven township, liaving assisted in it.s organization. Nearly three-fourths of a century ago he came to this region, then an almost unliroken forest. Like all jiioneers, he struggled with the inconveniences and trials incident to the settlement of a new country. But he lived to see cultivated fields drive the forest to swamps and rock-crostcd hills; to see the beautifid farm-houso, with its modern conveniences, dot every hill and valley around him ; and to sec villages, one on either side of him, with their stores, wills, churches, schools, and comfortaljle residences. Mr. Severance maintained a character for unsullied integ- rity in his intercourse with his fellow-men. He enjoyed liie implicit confidence of his neighbors, and f)r many ye;»rs occupied, by their suffrages, the responsible oflBccs of the township. He rejiresented tliem in the board of super- visors of tliis County twenty-two years. He took a deep interest in the temporal welfare of this entire region. Him- self a model farmer, he sought by example and precept to induce thrift, good taste, and the highest success in that department of human action. In this respect his death (he died March S, 1S5GJ was a public loss, extending far beyond his own neighborhood. Mr. Severance was a reformer, — a friend of the drunkard, — a hater of intemperance, of ojiprcssion, and political cor- ruption. He longed to see his country free from those two gigantic sins, intemperance and slavery. He was a strict ob.server of the Sabbath, a regular attendant at the house of God, a supporter of the gospel and of gospel institutions, a lover of the groat benevolent operations of the American church, and testified his feelings in regard to the latter by bequeatliing a handsome sum to their support. Mr. Severance was twice married, first to Abigail S. Wells, who died September Iti, 1821, in her twenty-ninth year. This union was blessed with four children, of whom two survive : Decatur resides in Michigan, and Mrs. A. L. Green, the generous donator of this tribute to her parents' memories, now lives in sight of tlie old homestead. His second wife was Fanny Wells, sister to his first .spou.«c, who survived her beloved hu.sband some five years, and died full of years and honors September 22, ISCl, aged seventy-one years and three months. The result of this marriage was three children, but one of whom, the wife of German Keynolds, of Granby township, survive.". The disease which closed the earthly existence of the subject of this sketch came upon him without warning, prostrating him instantly. He was aware of his situation, but, sustained by a long-cherished hope in the Saviour, he contemplated the approach of death with calmness and Christian resignation. He left a large circle of friends, besides his relatives, to cherish his memory and mourn his loss. A.W.Slvehance. Hon. Avery W. Severance, son of Seth and Abigail S. Severance, was born in New Haven township, near the place where ho died, February 23, 1819. He departed this life on the evening of February 15, 1874, and at his decease, consequently, was nearly fifty-flVe years of ago. For nearly half a century he was accustomed to walk the streets of his township, and mingle with its people, socially and in business relations, and never did malice or suspicion whisper aught against his integrity. He was emphatically an honest man, and the vacuum made by his loss cannot be filled by another. Possessing rare intelligence, capacity for and knowledge of business, he was accustomed for many years to be the arbitrator to adjust differences, the counsellor to advise in trouble, and the trustee for the orphan and the widow in all ca.ses within the circuit of his acquaintance. It is re- lated of him by his intimate friend, Mr. L. W. Tanner, of O.swego, that at one time he has known him to be the guard- ian of twenty-five minor children, and at the time of his death held that relation to at least fifteen, involving some twenty thousand dollars. Such was his business ability that the settlement of all these estates, after his death, did not cost any of them a dollar, and was eminently satisfac- tory to all parties concerned. During nearly his entire business life he was intrusted with various offices in the municipal government of his township, cither in its material or educational interests. He was many years its supervisor, and for a long time a prominent member of the Oswego County board of super- visors, frequently its chairman, and in all positions his judgment was accejitcd and respected as superior to that of others, and his honesty was above suspicion. For many successive years he held the position of president of the Oswego County agricultural society. Himself a good practical farmer and model cultivator, he took a deep in- terest in all things pertaining to the advancement of agri- culture and the betterment of stock, and rarely fiiiled to secure a premium on any products of the farm which he deigned to exhibit. In 18G5 he represented the third district of Oswego County in the State legislature, and was faithful in the discharge of the duties of that position, and occupied in all matters an influential place. In public and private life he was modest and unassuming in his manners, courteous and gentlemanly in his demeanor, sympathetic and benevolent to the distressed, and warmly attached to his friends. He was firm and unflinching in the discharge of his duty; energetic and indignant against all appearance of chicanery or fraud. Honest himself, he could endure no deception in others. In his death his fiimily lost a kind and tender husband, a loving and indulgent father, and the entire county one of its most prominent and honored citizens, whose life and influence were inseparably connected with every prominent event in the history of Oswego County during the last quarter of a century, and whose memory will be cherished and respected more largely than that of almost any one who survives him. His widow resides in the village of Mexico, and, like her lamented husband, enjoys a warm place in the hearts of many whom lu'r benevolence has befriended or her Christian influence reached. ii HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 341 he located permanently, at the present residence of his son, Orton 0. He was one of the first officers of the town, and held many positions of trust. In 1837 or '38, Mr. Marvin's little son, Rozelle, aged eight years, was drowned under the following circumstances : He and a son of Mr. George W. Allen were crossing tlie creek one afternoon, on a log above the pond, early in the sj)ring, when the boy, Rozelle, fell off, and went under the ice. A crowd of the neighbors soon assembled, but the boy could not be found that day. The ne.\t morning the search was renewed, by cutting away the ice at the dam and letting it float down the stream. As they were at work in this way in the afternoon, the drowned boy suddenly shot up lialf his length between the cakes on which some men were standing, and was caught by one of the men before he sank again. 31r. Taylor located on the hill just west of the " Hollow," where S. 0. Wilmarth now resides. He was a prominent man, and one of the first officers of the town. Mr. Lindsley settled in the east part of the town, and was a near neighbor of Mr. Wing, joining him on the north. He was one of the first set of town officers of New Haven. jMr. Hitchcock .settled about one and a half miles south of the village, near the Kibby farm, and Mr. Davis about two miles east, on the State road. Reuben Halliday settled in the east part of the town about 1810. He was the first Methodist da.ss-leader in town, and for a great many years was a minister of the gospel. Henry Hawley came to town in 1811, and settled about one and a quarter miles south of the village. He was killed at the raising of Robert Jerrett's barn, in 1815, by the falling of a plate. Among others who came into town prior to 1813 were Setli Severance, Mitchel Crandall, Ezra Bi-oinley, Ansel Snow, William Griffin, Eliphalet Colt, Elias May, John Wolcott, Daniel and Lyman Hatch, Philip Delano, Samuel Cherry, Lyman Blakesley, and Israel Ransom. The last thlee, with Mr. Wing, were the first justices appointed for the town of New Haven after its formation. Mr. Severance came from Leyden, Ma.ss., and .settled just east of Butterfly, where he resided until his death. He was another leading man of the town, and lield the office of sujiervi.sor longer than any other man, as will appear by the list of officers. Mr. Crandall settled at first just north of Butterfly, but several years ago located just east of the village, where he now resides. Mr. Snow made his home at the village, as did also Mr. Cherry. Mr. Blakesley settled one and a quarter miles southwest of the village, and Mr. Ransom at Checver's Mills. Thus far. New Haven should bo under- stood as belonging to the old town of Mexico, but as we are now brcjught down to the formation of the new town, it will be proper to speak of the first town-meeting. This was held at the house of Ansel Snow (near where the store of Rowc & Snow now stands), April lil, 1814. Tliere were sixty-six votes cast, and the following persons were elected: Supervisor, David Easton ; Clerk, Jonathan Wing; As.sessor.s, David Easton, William Taylor, and Nathaniel Marvin ; Overseers of the Poor, Joseph Bailey and Daniel Hall ; Commissioners of Highways, Joseph Bailey, Jr., Joseph Boynton, and Anson Drake; School Commissioners, Jonathan Wing, Joseph Bailey, and Nathaniel Marvin ; Collector, George C. Bailey ; Constables, George C. Bailey and Crandall Kenyon ; Fence-viewers, Nathaniel Marvin and Daniel Hall ; Pound-masters, Almon Lind.slcy and Eleazer Snow ; Inspectors of Schools, David Eaiston, Eli- phalet Colt, and Anson Drake ; Path-masters, Elias May, Chauncey Drake, Jesse Smith, Robert Jerrett, William Taylor, Henry Hawley, Eliphalet Colt, Lyman Hatch, Daniel Hatch, Philip Delano, Crandall Kenyon, and John Wolcott. New Haven has had only thirteen supervisors in the sixty-four years since its formation. Their names and years of service arc as follows: David Easton, 181-1— IG, 1821— 23; Orris Hart, 1817-20, 1831; Scth Severance, 1824- 29, 1832-38, 1841-40, 1851; William Bullcn, 1830; Norman Rowe, 183I)-40, 1847-58; Hosea Cornish, 1843 -45; Lorenzo W. Tanner, 1848, 1850, 1857, 1859; Charles Nichols, 1849; Abram W. Uewett, 1852 ; John C. Gil- lespie, 1853-54; Avery W. Severance, 1855-5G, 1800- 71; Henry J.Daggett, 1872-7C; Schuyler M. Barker, 1877. There have been seventeen town clerks, viz. : Jonathan Wing, 1814-16; William Taylor, 1817-18; Hezekiah Nichols, 1819-24; Isaac Whipple, 1825-29; Levi Rowe, 1830-31 ; Chester R. Wells, 1832, 1838, 1849, 1853 ; Stephen Luce, 1833 ; John J. Aycr, 1834-35 ; Samuel J. Merriam, 1836-37 ; George S. Thrall, 1838-42, 1845-47 ; Edmund E. Wells, 1843-44 ; Robert S. Kelsey, 1850-51 ; 1857-58; Solomon White, Jr., 1852; William H. Merriam, 1854-56; Ralph A. I^jwon, 1859; Norman Rowc, 1860- 61, 1866-77; Charles M. Adams, 1862-65. The justices of the peace who have lived in the present town of New Haven before and after its formation, with the years in which they were appointed or elected, are as follows. Before 1813 they were, of course, appointed for Mexico: David Easton, 1807, 1809, ISll, 1814, 1820. and 1823; Bailey, 1810, 1814, and 1816; Jonathan Wing, 1811, 1814, 1816, 1823, and 1827. After the formation of the town the first four justices appointed were JonathaTi Wing, Samuel Cherry, Lyman Blakesley, and Israel Ran.som. Then came Orris Hart, 1817, '31 ; John Par.sons, 1819; Hezekiah Nichol.s, 1819-21 ; Seth Severance, 1820-28; William Taylor, 1820; Stephen H. Kinne, 1821-23; Palmer Hewett, 1821 ; Theodore Gridley, 1823, '27, '28, '32, '36; Norman Rowe, 1827, '29, '33, '38, '44, '48, '53, '57, '61, '65, '69, '73, '77, making forty years' service December 31, 1877. William Bullcn, 18^7, '30; Geo. W. Allen, 1831, '34, '56 ; Stanton P. Wccden, 1835, '47 ; S. G. Merriam, 1837 ; Chester R. Wells, 1839, '50 ; Alexander H. Barton, 1840, '57 ; Avery W. Severance, 1841 ; James H. Wright, 1841, '49; John C. Gillespie, 1842; Geo. W. McConnell, 1843; A.M. Andrews, 1845; Nicholas Che.sebro, 1846; Charles A. Tanner, 1847 ; James Talniadge, 1848, '49, '54 ; Henry Daggett, 1 851 ; Naaman Good.sell, 1 852 ; Lorenzo W. Tanner, 1855, '63; Warren J. Johnson, 1858; Abram W. Hewett, 1859; Albert J. Doud, 1860, '64 ; Ashbel B. 342 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Hall, 1862; Jonathan E. Robinson, 1864, '67; Schuyler M. Barker. 1805, 'C8, 72; Jesse Halliilay, 180G; Joseph Barton, 1867 ; Orla Severance, 1868 ; Geo. L. Lyon, 1870, '74; Chauncy L. Gridley, 1871, '75; David L. Nichols, 1876. Of the above, Merriain, Wells, Ilalliday, and Joseph Burton did not ((uality. After the war of 1812 the population of New Haven increased fiLster than befDre, — the iiew-couiers beinj; mostly from Oneida county. About 1815 the prominent men who came into town were Hezckiah Nichols, Orris Hart, Stephen II. Kiiine, Luman Cummings, Calvin Ea.soii, Peter Kel.sey, Julin Parsons, and Harvey Tuller. Mr. Hart was one of the leaders in business and politics. He was appointed associate judge of the common pleas in 1817, and airain in 1819; was appointed a surrogate in 1819, and airain in 1845; appointed sheriff in 1821, and elected to the same ofi5ce in 1822. Dr. S. II. Kinne was the second physician of the town, and a very prominent man. Mr. Cumniings .settled just northeast of the village at first, but in 1818 located at Cumniinps' Mill, in the south part of the town, where he died in 187() at the age of eighty years. E:uson, Kelsey, and Parsons settled near Butterfly. Norman Rowe came in from Paris, Oneida county, and settled just northwest of the villaas.sage of the rajiids and falls of the Oswego river, near Fultou, in their frail boat. They settled upon the farm long known as the " Tainier place," in the north part of the town, when not a stick of the original forest had been cut. Here, on the 10th day of March, 1812, Mrs. Barton was born. Mr. Barton was one of the earliest to espouse the anti- slavery cause, when to do so with activity was to incur op- po.sition and even opprobium ; but he deemed no sjicrifice too great in any matter when conscicnee and love of his fellow- men ilireeted him to act. He took the same advanced position in the temperance cause. He w:u3 engaged in trade at a time when the inhabitants of the new .settlement had but little money at command, and were obliged to depend almost wholly upon barter of their crops in all their dealings at the country store. Owing to this fact, and follnwing wliat then was a common practice of merchants, the firm erected a distillery to convert the corn and rye of the neigliborhood into whisky, which could bo more readily transpj:^A?,*(S!:rtSflt«^^j«e!i:4^^ ■fi *^'"'''^!'- '^S'SSKaSiS'^' '««■"■■'''•''" ■*' RESIDENCE OF EOWARD W. ROBINSON, TOWN OF NfW HAVEN, OSWEGO C0.,N. Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 343 SCHOOLS. The town lias twelve school districts, the one at the vil- lage being No. 5, with a graded school. The number of children between the ages of five and twenty-one in 1870 was six hundred and two. Amount of public money, in- cluding the library, was thirteen hundred and seventy-sis dollars and forty-six cents. The first school wa.s taught, in 180G, by Harriet Easton, daughter of David Easton. Sherman Hosmcr taught a school at Butterfly in 1808. The present school-houses are mostly new ; the one at the vil- lage being built of brick and the one at Cheever's of stone. MERCHANTS. Anson Drake was the first, in 1809, at the village. He was succeeded in 181G by Orris Hart, who was followed by Samuel Cherry. Samuel G. Merriam began the mercantile business in 1833, in which he remained for forty years. He retired from the business in 1873, and was succeeded by Howe & Wilmarth, and then by the present firm of Howe & Snow. Stephen Luce opened a store at the Hollow in 1829, and was in business there ten years. Hewett & Goodsell had a store in the stone hotel building for several years, about 18G0. A store has been kept at the depot for a number of years, and is now run by 0. Woodworth. John White kept a store at Cheever's Mills as early as 1810. The first drug-store was kept by Dr. James Austin, about 1862. Silas Allen and Solomon White, Jr., were merchants at the village from 1850 to 1856, or thereabouts. B. J. Hale & Son have an extensive coffin wareroom at the vil- lage in connection with their undertaking business. It dates back to about 1844. HOTELS. The first was opened at the village in 1810, by Ezra May. Soon after, one was opened by Andrew Place, at May's Corners, and another by Joseph Boynton, two miles west of the village. Jesse Smith built one just back of the present stone hotel about 1826, and Samuel Allen opened one a little west of the Congregational church in 1823. The stone hotel was built by Richard Eason about 1850 or 1851. The brick one was erected in 1824 by Ezra May. The town had three at a time for a while after 1828, but can now boast of only one, which is a temperance house, kept by A. M. May. PO.ST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. The first post-ofiice in town was established at West Mexico, January 19, 1813, with Joseph Bailey as post- master. The office was kept at Mr. Bailey's house, about two miles west of the village. Its name was changed to New Haven, December 25, 1819, and Orris Hart appointed postmaster. Samuel G. Merriam was appointed postmas- ter February 8, 1833 ; Solomon White, Jr., July 23, 1853 ; Silas Hart, January 30, 1858; S. G. Merriam, June 28, 18G1, and Augustus F. Rowe, January 2, 1873. " Butterfly" was established January 31 , 1828, with John Parsons as postmaster. Sterling Newell was appointed September 14, 1844; John Parsons again Ndvember 22, 1848; John Parsons, Jr., June 13, 1849; and Avery W. Severance, February 23, 1858. The office was discon- tinued January 13, 1870. " South New Haven," the third and last office, was estab- lished early in the spring of 1877, in the southwest part of the town, with George H. Patten as postmaster. The first mail-stage was run through the town from Utica to Oswego, and thence west, in 1823. THE CONOREOATIONAL CHURCH was organized July 30, 1817, the society having been formed just one month previously. Revs. John Dunlap and David R. Dixon presided. The former was a mission- ary, and the latter the pastor of the Mexico church. Thir- teen persons united with the church at its organization, whose names are as follows : Stephen H. Kinne, Daniel Hitchcock and Esther his wife, Ari Rowe and Wealthy his wife, Norman Rowe and Mary his wife, Atwood Aikens and Hannah his wife, Rebecca Hitchcock, Polly Harman, Seth S. Sweatland, Esther Delano. Norman Rowe is the only survivor. The first trustees of the society were Daniel Hitchcock, Seth Severance, Seth S. Sweatland, Norman Rowe, Roswell Harman, and William Taylor. The Rev. William Williams was the first settled minister. He was from Granville, Washington county, and began his labors in 1820. Previous to his coming the church was favored with only occasional preaching. Mr. Williams' successors, with their terms of services, when known, were as follows : Rev. Ralph Robinson, two years, beginning in 1828 ; Rev. Oliver W. Ayer, two years ; Rev. Ichabod A. Hart, one year ; Rev. Isaac Headly, one year ; Rev. Samuel Swezey, three years; Seth Smalley, one year; Rev. Hugh Carlisle, Rev. Mr. Whiting, Rev. Mr. Hoyt, Rev. Erastua Kellogg, Rev. Amos Seeley, in 1845; Rev. Ralph Robin- son, who came a second time, in the fall of 1846 ; Rev. W. W. Warner, who came in April, 1854 ; Rev. Hiram Dyer, who began in June, 1855 ; Rev. John Reid, who came January 1, 1861, and served seven years; Rev. Thomas Bayne, three years; Rev. John T. Marsh, one year; Rev. Lewis Jessup, who began preaching in September, 1872. Mr. Jessup was followed by Rev. Olney Place, October 11, 1874, who is the present pastor. Rev. Mr. Robinson preached for fifty years, and died in New Haven, in May, 1863, at the age of eightj'-thrce. The appointments of deacons of the church have been as follows: Ari Rowe and Daniel Hitchcock at the organ- ization, in 1817 ; Samuel Allen, 1822 ; William Marvin, Joseph Barton, Charles Nichols, and Job Doud, in 1834; Norman Rowe, December 10, 1852; and Edward W.Rob- inson, March 8, 1873. According to the last report there are one hundred and nine members of the church. The present church edifice was built in 1824, and has been kept in good repair up to the present time. THE BAPTLST CHIRCH. A Baptist society was formed in town soon after the Congregational, and a brick edifice was built in the year 1825. The society had only occasional preaching, and after a while the meetings were discontinued on account of the small number of church-going people of that ileudmina- tion. The old brick church was finally sold, and taken down 344 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUxNTY, NEW YORK. some years since. A leading member of that church and one who stood by it to tlie last was Captain C^'rus Sever- ance, but he was called away bj- death several years ago. THE METHODIST EPISCOP.VL CIIUKCU. The first meetings of this church were held near Peleg Davis', in the east part of the town, on the State road, as early as 1815; some of the members being residents of Mexico. In 1833 or 1834 a class was formcil at New Haven village, with Reuben Halliday a.s leader. This only continued for a short time, and then disbanded. Ader this, in 1839, a permanent class was formed, of which Henry K. Marvin wa.s the first leader, who held the positidn a long j time. The first members of this class were David Field and wife, Nicholas Chescbro and wife. Nelson Davis and wife, and E/.ekiel Lewis and wife. The first trustees were David Field, Nelson Davis, Nicholas Chesebro, Kzekiel Lewis, and Alvin Buell. The first ministers were Charles Northrop and Joseph Crags, then fiillowod Anson Tullcr. B. Ildlnics, David Stone, Freeman Hancock, II. Kiiisle}', A. M. Kowe, and Alnion Chapin. In 1851-52, William Peck and Reu- ben Reynolds were the proaehers. In 1859, J. Sniedley and J. Sice were on the circuit. They were succeeded in turn by Iliram Nichols, W. I. Richards, J. II. Burk, H. S. Holmes, J. S. George, W. H Brown, C. Manson, and E. II. Waugh. The first church edifice was built in 1848, and the second and last one in 187(). The latter is a very fine building for so small a village, being a frame, laid uj) on the outside with brick. The whole cost was about seven thousand dollars. To the industry, energy, and economical manage- ment of the pastor, Rev. Charles Manson, who was on the charge when the church was built, the society is very much indebted for their handsome edifice. The church has an excellent bell weighing about one thou.sand pounds, the gilt of two of the members of the society. It should have been stated that previous to 1853 the circuit was very large and was supplied by two preachers, who preached alternately, once in four weeks each ; services on the int(!rvening Sundays being sometimes conducted by Morris Place. SECRET SOCIETIES. There have been several in town, but most of tlieni of short duration. About 1850 the Odd-Fellows had a lodge, but it was .soon disbanded. After this the Sons of Temper- ance flourished from 1850 to 1855. The next was the Good Templars, a short time previous to 1874. The Patrons of Husbandry then organized the New Haven grange. No. 52, January 16, 1874, with the following officers : Worthy Master, Charles S. Cheever ; Overseer, Edwar ger, 21 ; James Redding, 20 ; William II. Crawford, 30 ; William S. Harrington. 23; jNIanvilh' G. Looker, 19; Hamilton N. Wileox, 27 ; Paul W. Walsworth, 23; Fran- cis L. Harrington, 32. East side — A. J. Ba.ssett, 22 ; William W. Wood, 25; J.din Wilbur, 41; John E. Bowcn, 21; Eli Cornwall, 19; Oscar II. Fields. 32; Chauncey G. Snell, 20; Horace D. Cheever, 26; Franklin W. Coan, 20 ; Lorenzo D. Goodrich, 38 ; Lorenzo S. Doo- little, 38. West side— William II. Taylor, 18; William E. Taylor, 17 ; ().sear Drake, 31 ; Henry Fuller, 22 ; Amos N. Kibbc, 26 ; John B. Dawson, 29 ; Noble S. Green, 22 ; George B. Smith, 18; Chester A. Drake, 21 ; Rozelle J. Whitney, 22; Chandler A. Rathbun, 22. ' POPULATION OE THE TOW.V. The populaticni at diflerent periods has been as follows : In IS:!5, 1551 ; 1840, 'l 737; 1850, 2015; 1860, 2073; 1870, 1764 ; and in 1875, 1728. Valuation, 8659,251. - r " "•■^■i^-'- J^i.; - fvv<& ^ V/EWS /(r CAPT HENRY <^^ t^r >/; 'v^^^-xr -'V':r'^- /JV) f^^*t ' 'S , New Haven. Oswloo Co. H.Y. r. H. rQMfKiNs. DtL. ] NOf^MAN I^OWC l^O'^irb/LA.lST I^.O'WB. Pbominkntlt identified with the early settlement of New Haven and vicinity wc find the subject of this sketch. Nor- man, son of Ori and (Bull) Rowo, was born January 2, 1796, in Litchfield county, Connecticut. In 1803 his father and family of seven children moved to Vernon, Oneida county. New York, and in 1808 to Paris, the same county. The family being large and in very moderate circumstances, young Nor- man, at the age of nine, went to live with another family. When in his sixteenth year ho was bound out to a farmer named Jteuben Austin until he attained his majority, the consideration being one hundred dollars and a suit of clothes. Under those circumstances his educational udvantiiges were slim. He gained some knowledge by the regular perusal of a newspaper he borrowed, and by a friend gaining access for him to a circulating library. He is therefore pre-eminently a self-educated man, for he gained quite a largo amount of useful knowledge. On the breaking out of the war of 1812, young Norman, being eligible for military duty, was ordered to Sackett's Harbor, and while there contracted a sickness from the effects of which he is still a sufferer. So much for his patriotism. On the 16th of February, 1816, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Moore, of Oneida county. He and his brother then embarked in the boot and shoe manufacturing business, and also conducted a small tannery at the same time. Febru- ary 17, 1817, he and his wife came to New Haven, this county, purchased fifty acres of land, and meeting with indifferent success, owing to the difficulty of raising money in those days, was obliged to leave the land with what improvements he had made. He then settled on and cleared the farm now occupied by (leorgo W. Daggett, where he remained until the spring of 1836. He then removed to the village of New Haven, where in 1841 he erected the house in which he now resides. In the spring of 1827 he was elected assessor of New Haven township, and the following fall to the office of justice of the peace, which ofiSce he ha.s held almost continuously ever since, (except while sheriff of the county in 1840). His judgment was excellent, and it was seldom that any judgments rendered by him were reversed by the higher courts. He has held various other township offices, among which that of township clerk for fifteen years, and supervisor in 1839-40, at which time he was chairman of the board, to which office ho was elected by the Whig ])arty almost without opposition. In 1840 he was also elected sheriff of Oswego County, which office he held three years. He was again elected to the same office in 1845-51. His successor desiring him to attend to the duties of the office, he was virtually sheriff until 1854. He removed with his family to Oswego in 1850, and took charge of the jail, returning to New Haven in the spring of 1852. He was again elected supervisor in 1858. October 15, 1835, his wife died, leaving him with five out of a family of eight children. He married again, August 21, 1836, to Mrs. Sarah Hitchcock, widow of Stephen Hilcheook. The result of this marriage was three children, of whom one survives. His first interest in political affairs was during the canal excitement, he voting for De Witt Clinton, who was in favor of constructing the canal. From that time lie nffilialod with the Whig party, and on the organization of the Kcpub- lican parly entered its ranks, where he has since firmly re- mained. He has always taken a prominent part in local and State politics, and is one of the raoiit prominent respectable politicians of the county. In the days when it was considered -essential to the welfare of the country that a well-regulated militia should be maintained, he took an active part in that, and ro.so step by step till ho attained to the rank of lieutenant- colonel, receiving his first commission from Governor Clinton, and his last from acting-Governor Pitchers in 1828. Mr. llowo united with the Congregational church in Paris townshij) in 1816, and is now a deacon of the church in New Haven, and has been one of the trustees nearly ever since the organization of the church, which ho assistcil in perfecting, being one of its original members. Since 1829 he has been s strong advocate of tlu> temperance cause; and he attributes his present good health and robust strength, at the age of eighty-three, in a great measure to his temperate and abate- minus life. No comment on the general characteristics of Mr. liowe is necessary. Everybody knows him, and to know is to respect him. '* : "Vv^ Michael S.Lindall. MaS5Sv?J Residence of the late M.S. LINDALL, Haw Haven, Osweo-o Co./. Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOllK. 345 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. CAPTAIN HENRY J. DAGGETT, son of Henry and Mary D.iggett, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, August 16, 1826. In 1838 his parents moved to Oswego County, and settled at Oswego city, whore they remained for about four years, and then removed to New Haven township, where they continued to reside till their death, which occurred as follows : Henry Daggett, in April, 1870 ; Mrs. Mary Daggett, in September, 1871. Captain Henry J. Daggett received a good English edu- cation at the academy and higli school of Oswego. He devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits until ho was nineteen years old, when he chose a life '• on the ocean wave," first as a common sailor, in which capacity he served three years, and then as mate one year, and master for fifteen years. He commanded a number of different ves.sels, and was afterwards associated with Penfield, Lyon & Co. in the grain trade, sailing-vessels being used by them exclusively. Retiring from the command of a vessel in 1863, he still retained an interest in the shipping trade. He has been extensively interested in farming, and also in the flouring, lumbering, and commission business, aiul has shipped a large quantity of cheese to Liverpool. He is one of the largest landholders in New Haven township, where he owns six hundred acres, besides as much more in other localities. By reference to the New York State records, we find him to have been a member of assembly from the third district of Oswego County in 1875, and his name appears promi- nently on the reports of committee on commerce and navi- gation, and on the sub-comniitteo of the whole. He is spoken of in the State documents very favorably as a legis- lator, and the general popularity he enjoys among his con- stituents, and the people generally, goes far to confirm the good opinion of him therein expressed. In 1872 he was elected supervisor of New Haven township, and was re- elected for five terms consecutively, the last year being chosen chairman of the board, the duties of which oiBoe he discharged in an able and impartial manner, and to the entire satisfaction of his brother-members of the board, as expressed in a resolution passed at the close of the session. Mr. Daggett is a man of varied and extensive experience, an excellent judge of men and things, and a man not calcu- lated to err in his estimate of human character. He has been a leading Republican for many years, but has always retained enough of the furtitcr in re so as not to be influ- enced by party cliques or partisan motives. Of the suavitet- ill modo he possesses a large share, lieuce he enjoys the confidence and esteem of people of all political complexions. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order, being now a Royal Arch Mason ; and is also a member of the I. 0. O. F. Captain Daggett married Frances L., daughter of Philander and Eli/.a Holly, of New Haven, who survives. A remarkable fact coimected with the captain's sea-faring experience is, that he was never once shipwrecked or lost a cargo. He retains a picture of the good ship " Dread- naught," which he commanded, and which he considers his pet vessel. He points tn lier with a conimciidable pride. 23 L. CUMMINGS. MILITARY RECORD OF NEW HAVEN. Tiveiiltf-foiirth Ra/hiient Iiif'iiitri/. — William R. Bennett, Co. I. En- li.stcil April 30, 1861; (lis. at Falmouth, Va., May 14, 1802, from jihysical disa!)ility : re-eril'd July 11, ISGo, in Ijth Cav., and dis. at EIniira, Aug. I'J, IStjo. Francis M. Davis, private, Co. C. Enlisted April 28, ISfil, and di.s. fur disab'y at Arlington Heights, Va., Nov. 7, 1861. Benson Davis, private, Co. C. Enlisted May 1, 1861 ; w'd at 2d Bull -^ Run, lived seven days, and buried at Soldiers' Home, Washington. Oscar H. Field, private. Co. C. Killed at Bull Run, Aug. .'SO, 1862. Oscar H. Goodrich, private, Co. C. Dis. at Arlington, 1861. Charles E. Jenkins, private, Co. B. Enlisted May 1, 1861 ; dis. Deo. 2o, 1861, at Upton Hill, Va., by reason of chronic rheumatism. Josiah Rulison. private, Co. A. Enlisted April 16, 1861, and dis. at Elmira, May 29. 1863; time served out; re-enl'd in 12th Cav. Sept. 27, 1864, and dis. at Ncwl>ern, N. C, July 7, 1865. William H. Taylor, private, Co. C. Enlisted May 1, 1861; dia. on account of w'ds received Dec. 5, 1863. EHjhij/-Jir«l lleyimriii [iifitiitnj. — Orren Abbott, private, Co. .\. En- listed Sept. 30, 1861, and dis. Dec. l.i, 1862, for disaby. Henry Bracy, private, Co. A. Enlisted Aug., 1S6I, and dis. at York- town, Va., Oct., 1802, iinil drafted; the only man in the town who went in 147th. Hiram Bracy, private, Co. A. Enlisted Sept. 7, 1861 ; dis. at Albany N. Y., Jan. 28, 1862, of disability. (Icnrge W. Cook, private, Co. D. Enlisted Nov. 18, 1,861 : dis. at Yorktown, Va., Nov. 18, 1862, by reason of w'd in hand; re-enl'd in Co. K, 24th Cav.: dis. at Washington, June 18, 1865. licorgc W. Davi.--, private, Co. D. Enlisted Sept. 7, 1861 ; dis. at Fortress Monroe, Sept. 23, 1861; lime served out. Chester A. Drake, private, Co. B. Enlisted Aug.. 1861; killed in battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. tieorgc King, private. Co. K. Enlisted Nov. 14, 1861 ; trans, to 8lU N. V. Independent B.i'tery, July 16, 1SC2; served until Nov. 28, 1861: dis. Julv 7, 1865. 34G HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. JoMph S. King, private, Co. A. Bnligted Aug. K. 1861 ; w'd at liBttIc uf Fuir 'inlts, May :tl, 18G2 ; liurit'il at Furtrcss Monroe. John W. Li.okir, primtr, Co. B. Di». at Phila., Pa.. Dec, 188.1. Manvillc C. Looker, private, Co. B. Killed at Fair Oaks; buried at Savage Station. Gcorj;c II. Suiitli, private, Co. B. Vif. iit flermnntowu Ilorpitat, I'liila., Jan. :"J, 186.1: died at home Dot. 27, 1863. John Wilbcr, private, Co. B. Enlisted Jan. 1, 1862: dif. Jan. I.1SB3; re-enl'il in 5ame reg't i^ainc day : killeil ut Cold Harbor, June 3, ISOI, and buried there. One Itawlrril niiil Truth lUijimenl. — William C. liurlUll, private, Co. E. Enlisted Au},'. 9, 1862: dis. Aug. 28, 180 J. David M. Barton, private, Co. E. Enlinled Aug. '.), 1862. John E. Bowon, private, Co. E. Enliifted Aug. U, 1S62; killed near Port Hudson, June II, 180.1: buried on bnttlc-nold next day. Charles Curtiss, private, Co. E. Eulirted Aug. 11, 1862 ; discb. Aug. 28, 1865. Freeman Cole, private, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 7, 1SG2; dis. at Fortress Monroe, April 2, 1803, for disabilil;. John B. Dawson, jirivate, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1SG2; died at Currolliin, La.. Jan. 28, ISfl.t. Lorenzo S. Doolillle, ser^'t, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1802; died at New Orleans, (let. 2'J, 1SC3. John IL Forbes, private, Co. G, Enlisted Aug. 11, 1802: dis. at Bulliniore, Mnreh, 18G:|, for disability. Lemuel Oulliver, private, Co. E. Enlisted Aug, 9, 1802; died ut Brasher City, May 27, 180.1. Noble S. Urcen, eorp., Co. E. P^nlisted Aug. 7, 1802; died at Port Hudson, Aug. 8, 1803. Setb Hubbard, private, Co. E. Enl'd Aug. U, I8(;2; sent to hospital at lialon Kouge. .\ug. 11, 1803. L. H>iib-y, jirivate, Co. I!. Enl'd Aug. 7, 1802 ; dis. Aug. 28, 1865. Robert Lawrence, jirivate, Co. E. EnlM Aug. II, 1802: dis. at Port Columbus, N. Y., Aug. 0, 1803, on account of wounds received at Port Hudson, June 14, 1803. Alimio C. Lee, private, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 6, 1802. Phineas A. Miller, private, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1862; must, out at end of service, Aug. 28, 1805. Josejih E. Penfield, private, and clerk of Co. E. EnlM Aug. 9, 1802, and thniugh the war; dis. Aug. 28, 1865. Jerome S. Pan/burn, private, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1802; dis. at Albany with reg"t Aug. 28, 1805. Edward W. Robinson, corp., Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1S62; dis. with reg't Aug. 28, 1865. James Kcdiling, private, Co. E. Enl'd Aug. !l, 1802; died at Baton Rouge, La., June U, 1803. George ,Sheflield, jirivate, Co. G. Enl'd Aug. '02: dis. with reg't. Alimzo C. Taylor, jirivate, Co. E. Enl'd Aug., '02 ; dis. for disnb'y, at New Orleans, Aug. 20, 1803 ; afterwards assis't surgeon. Charles F. Wright, j.rivate, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1802; dis. with regiment. Poul W. Walsworth, jirivate, Co. E. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1862 ; dis. Juno 1 3, 1 803, at Now Orleans ; died at home, by reason of disease con- tracted in the army, March 2, 180-1. One Jlinttlrcit iiiiti Forti^-acrciilh Jirtjinient hi/fiutry. — Charles C. Bur- roughs, Jirivate, Co. F. Enl'd Aug., 1862 : dis. nt Ft. Schuyler, N. Y., Dec. 22, 1803, for disnb'y. Arthur I. Colson, drummer, Co. B. Enlisted Sejit. 1, 1SC2 ; dis. Juno 20. 1805, at Syracuse, at end of service, Horace D. Cliecver, jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug., 1802: taken jiris'r at (icttysburg, July 3 or 4, 1804 ; jiar. on the ground : sent to Parol Camp, at West Chester, Pa.; taken sick, ami died at a jirivate house; body sent liouie. Anson L. Drake, jirivate, Co. F. Enl'd Aug., 1.S62; des. to Canaila. Chester D. Drake, jirivate, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1802; trans, to 18lh Res. ; dis. nt Washington, D. C, July I, 1805. Horace Dickerson, jirivate, i;'o. F. Enlisted .\ng. 30, 1802; jilayed craiy, and had lits, and let off before mustered into service. Byron C. Earl, jirivate, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1802; trans, into Vet. Res. Corps, loih Rcgt. : dis. July 1;i, 1805. Thomas Farr, private, Co. F. Enlisted Aug., '02; dis. June 20, '65. James W. Gulliver, private, Co. F. Enl'd Aug. 30, '62, for three y'rs. Philip S. Green, priv., Co. F. Enl'd Aug. 30, '62 ; dis. June 20, '03. Chauncoy L. Gridley. 1st lieut., Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1802; dis. for phvsie.i: .iisubv „t Belle Plain, Va., Feb. 14, 1863. Jonathan C. Johnson, Jr., private, Co. F. Hurtcrtd in Eept. 23, 1862; no further record. Sardius D. Jenkins, private, Co. F. Must'd in Sept. 23, '62; dis. '82. Alonio Lewis, jiriv., Co. F. Enl'd Aug., '62; deserted to Canada in the fall of 1S62. Lewis Lacome, substitute for Jacob Marshall. Enlisted Aug. 4, 1863 ; no other record. Joseph A. Marshall, jiriv., Co. B. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1862 ; trans, to 3lsl Art.; dis. at Albany, July, 1805. Frederick J. Martin, jirivate, Co. F. Enlisted Aug., 1862; dis. at .*^yracuse June 20, 1865. J. S. Monger, private, Co. F. Enlisted Aug.. 1802: died at Fal- uiouth, Vu,, Jan., 1863. Francis M. Pease, jirivntc, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1802; taken pris. nt battle of Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; in Andersunville pris., Florence, and Danville ; held until Feb. 27, 1803; dis. with regl. Ansen M. Kunyan, jirivate, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1862; dii. Feb. 13, 1805, nt Hatcher's Run, Va., by reason of consolidatioo of regl. with the 76tb, and rendered sujiernumerary. Jesse Robbins, jirivate, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1802: dis. from the Invalid Corps in 1865. Edward Sabins, private, Co. F. Mustered Sept. 23, 1862; wounded May II, 1864 ; dis. June 20, 1865, at Syracuse. James .Sanderson, Jiriv., Co. F. Deserted to Canada in fall of 1862. Jabei E. Spanlding, priv., Co. F. Died in Richmond pris. in 1864. Alonzo .Smith, jirivate, Co. F. Dis. from hospital at Washington, D. C, in March, IS63, from disability. Chauncey G. Siiell, priv., Co. F. .Mustered Sept. 23,1862; died from wounds nt tJettysburg .July 8, 1863. llamillou M. Wilcox, private, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 30, I.s(i2: died of diseu.se nt Crt^iip Morris, D. C, in fall of '62: buried there. William W. Wood, private, Co. F. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1S(;2: captured at the Wilderness battle .May 5, 1804; died in jiris. at Florence, S. C, Nov. 10, 1804, of disease. Andrew J. Williams, priv., Co. F. Enl'd Aug. 29. '04 ; dis. Jan. 28, 1805. One Unnihcd and Kitjfittf- Fourth Ileffttneiit In/nntri/. — Reuben H. Austin, Jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Sept. 1, 1804; dis. at >Syrocu8e May 9, 1865, by authority of adjutant. general. Martin Brncy, priv., Co. L Enl'd Aug. 22, 1864; dis. July 18, '65. Wm. W. Bracy, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 22, '64; dis. July 18, '65. Isaac Barrows, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 23, '64 : dis. July 18, '65. John 0. Barnes, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 27, '04; dis. July 15, '65. William Barnes, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Sept. 2, 1864 ; died nt Soldiers' Rest, in Syracuse, July II, 1805 ; body sent home. Theodore Corliss, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 22, '64 ; dis. July 18, '65. Roderick Cameron, substitute, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 30, '04 ; dis. July 10, '65, Charles L. Durfce, jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Sejit. 10, '04 ; dis. for disab'y at Fortress Monroe June 0, '05. Calvin A. Eason, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 31, '04 ; dis. July 18, '65. Rial Fish, j.riv., Co. D. Eul'd Aug. 20, '04 : dis. July IS, '65. Albert E. (iuile, pnv., Co. I. Enid Aug. 22, '64; dis. July 18, '65. John N. Gilnian, 2d lieut., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 2:1, 'C4 • dis. July 18, 1865. Lucius S. Hammond, priv.. Co. B. Enl'd ,\ug. 29, '64 : dis. at Fair Ground hospital, Vn., June 18, '05. Wallace 11. llallidiiy, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 20, '64 : dis. July 18, 1805. Henry II. Knight, jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 22, '64 ; dis. July 18, '05. Chas. C. Lnoniis, jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug., '04; dis. July 18, 'ti5. Nelson McDonald, jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 29, '04 ; dis. July IS, '65. Sherwood I(i|iby, Jiriv., Co. 1. Enl'il Aug. 27, '64 ; dis. July 18, '05. Orren F. Smith, jiriv., Co. B. Enl'd Aug. 24, '04 ; dis. July 12, '05. Geo. E. Soj.er, jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 29. '64 : dis. July IS, '65. John Thnrgood. jiriv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 29, '64 ; dis. July 18, '65. Wm. N. Taylor, sergt., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 23, '64: dis. July II, '6.5. Amos B. Wright, jiriv., Co. I. Knl'd Sept. 2, "64. dis. July 15, '65. Geo. Welmore, cajit., Co. I. Enl'd .■^ejil. 5, '61: dis. July 18, '65. Reuben Wilber, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. .10, '04 : dis. July 18, '05. Martin Wallers, priv., Co. L Enl'd Aug. 211, '64 : dis. July 18, '65. Henry E. Wilber, priv., Co. I. Enid Aug. 23, 04; dis. July 18, '64. Wm. Welmore, priv., Co. I. Enl'd Aug. 20, '64 : dis. July 18, '65. J/i«rf//niieou«.— Orren Abbott, jiriv., Co. K, 9th H. Art. Enlisted Dee. 14, '63 ; dis. Sept. 5, '65; was in Co, A, Slst Inf., previously. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 347 Josiah Burnett, priv., I2th Cav. Dis. 1864. James Bowen, priv., Co. I, loth Cav. EnUsted Nov. 6, 1863; dis. somewhere in the south at close of the war. Sybran 11. Beaulier, priv., Co. I, 76th Inf. Substitute for Geo. H. Patten ; eul'd Aug. fi, '63 ; di.s. from 9Ist H. Art. July U, '65. Hiram Bracy, priv., Co. K, 91st 11. Art. Re-enl'd Dee. 22, '63 ; dis. at Hart's I.^^laml, N. Y„ Oct. HI, ISGJ ; was in 8Ist Inf. James Burncs, ICth Inf. Enlisted March 11, 1861. Harvey h. Bowcn, priv., Co. F, 1st L. Art., only one from town. En- listed Sept. 2, '61, for thi-ee years; served until Jan. 24, '64, and then re-enl'd in same company, same regt. ; dis. .Tune 2.'), '65. William H. Bennett, priv., Co. B, lath Cav. Enlisted July 11, 1863; dis. at Elmira Aug. 19. 1865. Augustus Cass, priv., Co. E, 4th H. Art. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1S62 ; dis. Aug. 30, 1865 ; time served out. Henry Curtiss, priv., Co. I, 76th Inf. Enl'd Aug. 14, '63; dis. at Washington, D. C, June, 1865. H. N. Cole, priv., lOth Regular Inf. Horace L. Drake, priv., Co. I, 28lh luf. Enl'd May 14, 1861; dis. June 3, 1863. Oscar R. Drake, priv., 14th II. Art. Enlisted Dec. 19, 1863. Alfred Davis, j.riv., Co. C, 24th Cav. Enlisted Dec. 19, 1863 ; dis. at Cloud's Mills. Va., July 19,1865. Francis M. Davis, priv., Co. K, 24th Cav. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1864; dis. at Cloud's Mills in Juno, 1865, by order of the War Dept. Michael Dawson, priv., Co. C, — Reg. Inf. James Doyle, priv., Co. K, G9th Inf. Enlisted Oct., 1861 ; dis. at Baltimore, Md., Dee., 1862, from wounds received at Antictam, Sept., 1862. Dennis Doyle, priv., Co. K, 64th Inf. Enlisted Oct., ISGl ; killed at the battle of Gettysburg in 1863; body not recovered. Horace L. Drake. Ro-cnlisted from 28th Inf. into Co. I, 15lh Cav., as sergt., Oct. 15, 1863 ; dis. at Louisville, Ky., Aug. 9, 1865. Henry Fuller, priv., Co. K, 9th H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 23, 1863 ; taken pris. near Petersburg, Va., in July, 1861, then taken to Richmond, and jiaroled about July 19, 1864; started for parole camp, and died on the way. David R. Grumnion, priv., 12th Cav. Lucius Goodyear, priv., 9th II. Art. Enl'd Jan. 4, 1864; dis. in fall of 1865. William Harrington, priv., Co. A, 9th H. Art. Enlisted Deo. 6, '63. David A. Hammond, priv., Co. G, 4th H. Art. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1864; dis. Oct. 3, 1865. Willis W. Holliday, priv., Co. C, 24th Cav. Enlisted Dec. 28, 1863; dis. Aug., 1805. Daniel H.all, priv., Co. G, 24th Cav. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; dis. July 19, 1865. Francis Harrington, priv., Co. B, 16th Inf. Enl'd Feb. 3, 1864. Leslie C. Hart, priv., Co. B, 105th Inf. Enlisted Sept. 19, 1861 ; dis. May 28, 1862. John A. Hines, priv., Co. H, lllth Inf. Enlisted Aug., 1864; dis. June 17, 1865. Duncan Ingraham, priv., 22d Cav. Eul'd Mar. 18, '64; dis. '65. Thomas 11. Jeffrey, priv., Co. K, 9lh H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 29, '63. Wm. C. Jenkins, priv., 33d Inf. Enl'd Aug. 28, '62; dis. June 25, 1865. Edwin Jerrett, priv., Co. B, 105th Inf. Enlisted Jan. 20, 1802; dis. March 10, 1805. Joseph Kennedy, priv., Co. K, 9th H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 29, 1863 ; dis. in 1865. Hiram S. Keelcr, priv., 21st N. V. Bat. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1862; dis. Sept. 9, 1SG5. Geo. King, priv., 8th X. Y. Bat. Enlisted Nov. 28, 1864; dis. July 7, 1865; served for a while in the 81st Inf. Delos Landers, priv., Co. G, 24th Cav. Enlisted Dec. 25, 1803; dis. May 28, 1863. Almon E. Lindsley, priv., lOlh Inf. Enlisted Dec. 31, 1863. Oscar J. Lampliere, priv., 14lh I[. Art. Enlisted Dec. 18, 1863. George E. Lansing, priv., Co. C, 4th H. Art. Enlisted Oct. 1, 1801 : 2d sergt. at the enlistment, and afterwards 1st lieut. ; dis. July 18, 18R5. Henry G. Mack, priv., 14th H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 19, 1863; trans, from 14th to 13th. Patrick Manus, priv., 9th H. Art. Enlisted Deo. 29, 1863; deserted to Canada in 1861. Franklin Maok, priv., 1 Ith H. Art. Enl'd Jan. 5, 1864; dis. Sept. 8, 1865. John McDonald, priv., 16th Inf. In service in 1865. Andrew Morris, priv., 16th Reg. Inf. In service in 1865. Michael Miller, jiriv., 7th Reg. Inf. Enlisted March, 1864; in regu- lar service in 1865. John MoFadden, priv., 7th Reg. Inf. Enlisted Mar., 1864; in regu- lar service in 1865. Darius H. Nelson, priv., 15th Cav. Enlisted Sept. 6, 1861; dis. at Springfield, III., No.v., 18(54; time served out. Francis W. Osterhout, priv., 16th Inf. Enlisted Dec. 3, 1863; de- serted to Canada in the spring of 1865. George H. Peckham, private, 9th H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 21, 1863; dis. Oct., 1865. Thos. Peters, priv., 16th Reg Inf. Enl'd Mar., '64 ; in fcrv, in '65. Hazel Parkhurst, priv., 16th Reg. Inf. Enlisted March, 1864; in ser- vice in 1865. Sercn S. Richardson, priv., 9th II. Art. Enlisted Dec. 25, 1863 ; de- serted to Canada in the winter of 1864. James Riley, priv., 16th Inf. Albert B. Rose, substitute for N. F. Goodsell. Enl'd Aug. 16, 1864. Martin E. Rector, \>i'ly., Co. F, 6th Mich. Cav. Enl'd Sept. 4, 1862; dis. at Camp Distribution, Va., July 8, 1863; re-enlisted in the 20th N. Y. Cav. Aug. 20, 1863 ; dis. Aug. 11, 1865, at Sackett's Harbor. Henry A. Rathbun, priv., Co. G, 1st N. Y. L. Art. Enlisted Oct. 1, 1861; dis. Feb. 12, 1864, by reason of re-enlistment ; re-eulisted in same company and regt. Feb. 12, 1864; dis. June 28, 1865. Charles A. Rathbun, priv., Co. G, Ist L. Art. Enlisted Oct. 1, 1861 ; came home on sick furlough in Feb., 1863; was sick at home seven weeks, and died a mere skeleton. Curtis F. Sheldon, priv., 14th H. Art. Enlisted Dec. 19, 1863; dis. in summer of 1865. Herman Spencer, ])riv., 9th H. Art. Enlisted in Co. K, Dec. 16, '63; dis. in the fall of 1865. Jacob Stalker, substitute for Dr. S. P. Johnson. Enl'd Aug. 1, 1864. Henry Sanders, substitute for Sam'l. Sherman. In service in 1865. William Stevens, priv., Co. G, 4th II. Art. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1864 : dis. at Hart's Island, N. Y., Oct. 5, 1865. Swan B. Temple, priv., Co. K, 64th Inf. Enl'd Aug. 4, 1863; taken prisoner at Reams' Station, in Va. ; in Salisbury prison and others for 5i.\ months and eight d.ays ; dis. a parole prisoner Aug. 2, 1865. Eudolphus Taylor, Corp., Co. G, 24th Cav. Eulisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; dis. July 19, 1865. Jonathan Thompson, priv., 7th Reg. Inf. Enlisted March, 1864. Edward R. Grafford, priv., 7th Reg. Inf. Enlisted March, 1864. Rozelle Whitney, priv., Co. A, 12th N. Y'. Cav. Enl'd Aug. 1, 1862; taken prisoner at Plymouth, April 17, 1864; died in Auderson- ville prison September, 1864. John J. Woodall, priv., Co. C, 26th Inf. Enlisted May 1.3,1861; dis. .at Utica, N. Y., May 28, 1863; re-cnlisted in Co. K, 24th Cav., Feb. 25, 1864; dis. in Baltimore, June 5, 1865, by reason of wounds received in April, 1865 ; sergeant after re-enlistment. Leonard Wiles, priv., Co. I, 15th Cav. Enlisted Nov. 30, 1803; died in camp near Burlington, Va., March 31, 1864. William Wiles, priv., Co. K, 9lh U. Art. Enlisted Dec. 14, 1863; missing after the battle of Cold Harbor, June 4, 1804, anil never found. lleury Wiug, priv., Co. K, 9th H. Art. Enl'd Dec. 14, '63; dis. '65. Wm. Williams, priv., Co. G, 24th Cav. Enl'd Dec. 22, '63; dis. '65. Washington M. Whitlock, priv., Co. E, 59th Inf. Enl'd Sept. 4, '61 ; re-enlisted at Slevensburg, Va., Dec. 21, 1863; was in light artillery, and also in Bat. B, Ist L. Art., R. I. Regt.; dis. Jan. 7, 1.804. Granville S. Woodall, Co. K,26th N. Y. Cav. Died at White House Landing, June 4, 1804, aged 17. A At B O Y. Ambov was forineJ from Williiiuistown, March 25, 1830. It lies upon tho east bonier of tlic county, soutli of tlie centre. The surface is rollini;, and has a southerly inclina- tion. The Boil is a rich loam, producin*; p-ain and grass in abinidancc. It contains several small lakes in the southern part, the j>rincipal of which are Painter lake, and North and South ponds. It is drained by small streams, tributary to Oneida lake. Its highest ]ioint is four hundred and fil^y feet above Lake Ontario. The north half of the town is within the region of the gray sandstone, and the south lialf in that of the red or Medina sandstone. The earlie.xt settler of this town was Jo.seph Perkins, a native of Connecticut, who moved into the town in 1805. Ho took up the east half of lot No. 14 of this township, and during the fii>t year opened an inn for the aecuniniod.i- tion of travelers. He resided upon this place until his death, which occurred through accident, being killed while he was at work in the woods near his house. He left a family consisting of two sons and three daughters. Mr. Perkins and his family seem to have been the only' settlers within the town for a number of years. Among tho.se who came on after Mr. Perkins had located were David Smith, in 1815, Isaac Claxton and John Drought, in 1818, and Sago Parke, in 1821. Mr. David Smith located near the present grave-yard, where he resided until 1S28, when he moved out of town. Isaac Cl.ixton settled in the southeastern jiart of the town, where he was j(pincd by his brother, AVilliam Claxton, wiiliin a few years. Together they cleared a large tract of land and erected comfortable buildings, but sold out to Mr. Richard Carter, and took up other lots in the town. Both died, leaving large families of children, most of whom have since moved to the western States. John Drought settled upon the east half of lot No. 1!!9. The farm is occupied at present by Jlr. David Morton. Mr. Drought lived upon this ]>laee until the year 1.S28, when he .sold out to Julian and Rich- ard Carter, and moved with his family to Camden, Oneida county, where he died. Sage Parke .settled upon lot.s Nos. II and 2!t, but sold out within a short time to John Moore, and purchased lot No. 105, where he lived until shortly before his death, which occnrri'd at the residence of his sonin-law, at Amboy Cen- tre. In the year 1S22 (being seventeen j'ears after the settlement made by Mr. Perkins), Mr. Joseph Murphy built the first saw-mill in town. During the stnnmer of the next year the first school was taught by (!yiitliia Stoddard. The following winter a school-house was built upon lot No. 27. It was con.structcd of four-inch planks, notched to- gether much after the manner of constructing log houses. It was the only .school-hou.se in that part of the town for a great number of years, and is still standing. •MS No event of unusual interest occurred during these years of early .>iettlcment. Situated in the woods, and distant from the usual route of travel, they labored on uncomplain- ingly. Each little clearing gnidually increased in size, and though the forest still covered the greater part of the town- ship, yet numerous small tracts were placed under cultiva- tion and yielded annually their due reward to industry. During the years 1822-23 a large number of settlers came into the town, most of them from the Eastern Stales. Among them were John G. Howard and William Henry, from Rhode Island. Horace Foofe, from Clinton, and Archibald Chapman. The first regular hotel was opened in the fall of 1822, at what is known as the five corners, upon lot No. 26. This liuilding was owned by Ephraim Mowroy, and was a double log house. Mr. Jlowrc}' kept a liotel in it for a number of years, but afterwards put up a fine frame structure upon lot No. 11. In 1S24, Mr. Sage Parke erected the first grist-mill in town. It contained only a single run of stone, and was intended for grinding corn and other coarse grain. The same year the Free-will Baptist society was organized (in 1824 ), with Rev. Truman Gillet as p.nstor. Services were held from time to time in various private buildings in the town. All this time it will be remembered that township No. C> was a part of the tnwii of Williamstown. Early in 1830 the people made n\> their minds to be set off into a new town, and a meeting of the citizens was called to determine on a good name for it. Several names were propo.'scd, dis- cussion ensued, and the meeting was held until a late hour, but finally adjourned without being able to decide the mo- mentous ([Uestion. Another followed, with the same result. A third and fourth ensued, but still township No. was nameless. At length, at the fifth meeting, Mr. Frederick Andrews proposed the name of Amboy, from the town thus called in New Jersey. This suggestion met with general favor, the name in (picstion was sent forward to the legisla- ture, and the town of Amboy was formed bj' an act passed March 25, 1830. From this time until the Ijreaking out of the Rebellion, in ISlil, little of historical interest occurred within the new town. During all the earlier l«arl nf that iierind Andwy was still a wild eniintry. Immigration, however, continued to flow in, the forests went down before the sturdy arms of the pioneers, and plea.sant farms furnished with comfortable houses (pften met the eye of the traveler. The pojiulation .steadily increa.sed from six hundred and sixty-nine in 1830 to fourteen hundred and two in I860. Even the latter was snudl for a town in the State of New York, and in- dicated truly that a large part of its territory was still shadowed bv the primeval forest. But when the tocsin of ^_««(H5ffiSsa»ros~-— _ m Co HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 349 war sounded in tho ears of the nation, none more promptly answered the call to arms than the gallant sons of Amboy. Indeed, there wore but few towns in the State with no greater number of inhabitants who had as many men iu the service. Their record speaks for itself. The older men, who remained at home, were ecfually zealous in their sphere. The following votes were taken at town-meetings, called for the purpose of raising means : At a meeting held De- cember 22, 1803, it was voted that tho town should raise the sum of three hundred dollars, to be paid to each volun- teer, until its quota should be full. At a special meeting, called September 15, 18G4, it was voted that the town should raise the sum of one hundred and eight dollars per man, to fill its ([uota under the then recent call of the president for five hundred thousand men. At a special meeting, held October 8, 1864, it was voted that the town raise the sum of twelve hundred and thirty dollars and twenty-niue cents, for the purpose of paying the balance necessarily expended in procuring volunteers to fill the quota of Amboy, under the call beibre men- tioned. Since the war a number of mills have been built in the town, and the business of lumbering and manufacturing shingles has been extensively carried on. There are at liresent ten saw-mills in oi)eration, and a cheese- factory has been built, at West Amboy, within tho past few years. THE METHODIST CHURCH OF AMBOV. This church became a part of the Black River confer- ence in 183G, having previous to that time been a part of the Salmon River conference. The pastors since that time have been as follows : in 1830 and 1837, W. H. Gaylord and L. Ball ; in 1838, W. Tanner and Joseph Smalley ; 1839, J. N. Jones and Ira II. Corbin; 1842 and '43, T. D. Mitchell and J.N. Brown; 1845, Orra Squires; 184G to 1848, J. Arnold; 1850, R. N. Barbour; 1852, P. Jones; 1855, S. Kinney; 1857, S. Ball; 1858, William Empey ; 1801 and '02, W. T. Sweedley; 1803, S. Delamater ; 1800 and '67, Moses Wills; 1868, Allen Mullen; 1869 and '70, R. 0. Beobe ; 1873, N. S. Ilubbel; 1874, B. J. Clemmcns ; 1875- 1877, A. M. Frandenburgh. Some of the first members of the church were Sage Parke, Charles Pepper, Walter Willson, Dorastus Green, and Joseph Price. The church building was erected in 1835. The present officers of the church are as follows: A. M. Frandenburg, pastor ; Levi Lewis and Cornelius l^IcGee, class-leaders; Clay Short, Charles W. Hastings, and John Whaley, t)-ustees ; Charles W. Hastings, Clay Short, War- ren Whaley, and Peter Sciicll, stewards. The Sunday-school has an attendance of about one hun- dred and Inrty members, and has a library containing near one hundred and twenty volumes. THE METHODIST CHURCH AT CARTERSVILLE. This society is of recent formation. The church build- ing was erected in 1871. The first trustees were N. II. Adams, Charles H. Jelilf, and Daniel T. Morton. The church is presided over by the pastor of the one at Amboy Centre. The Sunday-school has about seventy members. THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. This society was organized iu 1824. Mr. Truman (Jillet was pastor from that time until 1842. During the greater part of this period services were held in private buildings; but, a short time before leaving the charge, Mr. Gillet built a small church at his own expensj. This house is still standing, and is used at present by the Methodist society. AMBOY TOWN OFFICERS. At a town-meeting held at the house of Ephraim Mowrey, on the 20th day of April, 1830, the following officers were elected : Sage Parke, supervisor ; Frederick Ambrose, town clerk ; Anson Abels, Sylvanus Coon, T. A. Kidelle, asse-ssors ; Joshua L. Smith, Truman M. Prinne, Dorastus Green, commi.ssiouers of highways ; Alvin Cranson, collector ; Sage Parke, Ephraim Smith, James Edmonds, commis- sioners of schools; John Jamison, Nathaniel Williams, Frederick Ambrose, inspectors of common schools; An.son Abels, John G. Woodward, overseers of the poor ; Alvin Cran.son, John Edmonds, John J. Wheeler, constables; Daniel ^Vhitlock, Julian Carter, Sylvanus Coon, justices of the peace. The succession of .supervisors and town clerks has been as follows : Supervisors.— In 1830-31, Sage Parke; in 1832-34, Dorastus Green ; 1835, James Edmonds; 1830, Dorastus Green; 1837, Alfred Seamans; 1838, Sage Parke ; 1839, John Jamison; 1840-41, Julian Carter; 1842, William Sanders; 1813, John Jamison; 1844-47, Julian Carter ; 1848-49, John JamLson ; 1850, Ezra Hall ; 1851, George D.Wells; 1852-53, Robert S. Carter; 1854-55, Henry Garber; 1850, John Jamison ; 1857-59, Henry Garber; 1860, George D. Wells; 1861, John Jamison; 1862, Za- phon W. Moore; 1862, F. H. Berry; 1863-64, R. J. Carter; 1805, John Jamison; 1866-67, George W. Lud- ington ; 1868-69, Delos Randall ; 1870, George D. Wells; 1871, John JaniLson ; 1872-75, Thomas Lai ng ; 1876, Philip Hess; 1877, George L. Wells. Town Clerks. — In 1830, Frederick Ambrose; in 1831, Martin B. Mowrey; 1832-35, John Jamison ; 1830, John Davison ; 1837, John Jamison ; 1838, John P. Hasselkus; 1839, William Sergeant; 1840-47, John P. Hasselkus; 1849, Ephraim H. Smith; 1850-51, Wanton Green; 1852-53, William Sergeant; 1854, Wanton Green ; 1855- 50, William Sergeant ; 1857-60, J. Duane Dunn ; 1861-62, George A. Sergeant ; 1803-00, Andrew J. Whaley ; 1867- 70, David J. Wilson ; 1807-71, Thomas Towsley; 1872, A. J. Whaley; 1873, Francis W. Towsley; 1874, George W. Sergeant; 1875-77, Calvin Warn. Tiie following is a list of the town officers for the present year (1877): Supervisor, George L.Wells; Town Clerk, Calvin H. Warren ; Justices of the Peace, George D. Wells, D. J. Wilson, Fowler II. Berry, John S. Clelland (newly elected, Hanford station); Assessor, Henry Leigh, George Laing, Norris Griffin ; Overseer of the Poor, Ezra Spoor; 350 HISTORY OF OSWKGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Hij;hway Conimissioner, James Black; Inspcctore of Elec- tion, John Stubb, A. J. Whaley, and George Ix;e ; Town Auditors, John K. I'altlieii, Wiirr<'n Whaley, Geo. Chirk; Constables, J. 8. Kinney, William J. Brown, Wiliiuni Gullin-.'er, A. J. Whaley, and James Christopher ; Com- n)i.s--ioners of E.\i-iFe. Archibald Mclntyre, Bennett, Jo!>e|)h Rcnn. We also give a list of the business men of the town. TluiSe of Anibiiy (Viiire an: — Merclniiils, J. U. Short & Son, F. iM. Towi-Ky. llntvl proprietor, A. J. Whaley. Shiicmakers, Jat(]b Wain, J. S. Codncr. Tlio.se of West Ainboy are — Mirc/iiiii/s, F. A. Davey, lloufrhton & Joslyn. Jfuhl proprietor ami oiciier of cheese -J'ltclort/, Philip Hess. B/iicLiiiii/fi.t, Fred. Andrews, Nathan Stanton. Owner of grist-mill, Robert Forrest. There are three shinpie-uiills in the town, owned by Benjamin lUitler, Ezeek Look, and John Seliell. Tiie comparative pojiulation of Amboy, since its separate organization, has been as follows : In 1880, fiG9; in 1840, l(i7re.sent serving upon the si.\th. In the autumn of 1854 he erected a steam saw-mill upon his land in Amboy, which wiis destroyed by fire eleven months later. Nothing daunted, he rebuilt it in six weeks, and agaiu, a year lat_'r, saw it a second lime destroyed ; but \ ■«.- y A\ John Jamieson MFiS.JOHNjAMIliSON. Res. of John Jamilson,amboy.osv/ego co.ji.y. HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 351 notwithstanding he had no insurance and his loss was heavy, he a^ain rebuilt it, and kept it ruiininu' for fourteen years. During these fourteen years he paid out for insur- ance twenty-one hundred dollars (^$2100). Mr. Wells was one of the first to sliip lumber on the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh railway. Among other shipments during one season was one of three million feet, for plank-road purposes, to Jamaica and New Rockaway, Long Island. He now owns and operates the circular saw-mill at Amboy Centre and the steam mill at Williamstown, where he manufactures and ships from two to three million feet of lumber annually. To 3Ir. Wells and his first wife tliere were born eight children, — -two sons and six daughters, of whom the sons both died young. Ilis first wife died May 4, 1866. On the 15th of May, 1871, he was again united in matrimony to Laura E. Delamatter, a daughter of Wirt Ciiase, of Greene county. Mr. Wells never enjoyed the privileges of a good educa- tion, having attended only the common schools of his time, and these only for a brief period. He has never employed a clerk, preferring to handle his own affairs, and has always paid his debts at the rate of one liiimlred cenls on the dullar. JOHN JAMIESON. John Jamieson was born near the city of Glasgow, Scot- land, May 23, 1807. In 1822, in company with his grand- father, lie joined a party who were about to try their fortunes in America. After an adventurous voyage of sis weeks and fiiur daj's they arrived in New York, but were not permitted to land, on account of the yellow fever then prevalent. This circumstance shaped their destiny, particularly their locating in O.swego County. Simt off by the epidemic from landing at New York city, they continued up the Hudson river to Albany. At that point they met an agent representing the lands em- braced in the Scriba patent, and were induced by him to purcha.se a farm in the town of Amboy. They started for their purchase on foot through a wild and unbroken wilderness, and, after many fatigues and privations, reached their destination. They located near the centre of the town, and commenced the erection of a rude but comfortable cabin. The little clearing gradually increased in size uudor tlie sturdy blows of these pioneers, and within a few years a substjintial frame dwelling was erected on the site of the old homestead. In the year 1812, Jlr. Jamieson married Margaret Ham- ilton, with whom he lived happily until her death, in 1849, leaving three children. In 1852 he was again married, to Caroline Codner. This alliance was blessed with six children, all of whom are now livinjr. o Jlr. Jamieson has for many years occupied positions of trust, and fulfilled their duties with fidelity. He still resides upon the old homestead, and, althougli seventy years of age, he is still in the full possession of his faculties, and is honored and respected by all. CHARLES LEIGH. The subject of this sketch was born in Argyle, Washing- ton county, New York, December 25, 1813. When twelve years of age, he removed with his father to Sandy Creek, Oswego County. His early life was spent upon the liirm. CHARLES LEIUIl. At the age of twenty-three he was married to Miss Maria Lee, of Mexico. In the year 1839 he removed with his family to the town of Amboy, where he erected a .saw-mill. His children have become respected citizens of this and other States. Mr. Leigh held various offices of responsi- bility and trust, the duties of which were performed with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He died August 18, 1874. MILITARY RECORD OF AMBOY. Liaviil Biu-tk-tt. Ealistert in tlio 14th II. Art. Dec. 1, 180."!. Willium Barnes. Enlisted in the 24th Cav. Jan. 7, ISOt; dis. Ajir., 18C5: was wounded in the leg June 18, 1804. Chester Belknap. Enlisted in the 147th Regt. Sept. 1, 18C2 ; pro. to Istsergt; dis. Sept., ISfili. George H. Bellows. Enlisted in the 115th Regt. Aug. 26, 1862; wounded in Fla., Feb. 20, '64 : died of his wounds March 11, '64, at Hilton Head. Comfort Black. Enlisted in the 24th Cav. Jan. 1, 1SG4 ; was slightly wounded : dis. April, 1875. James lirayton. Enl'd in the 1 47th Regt. Sept. 7, '62; dis. Sept., '65. Augustus Butler. Enlisted in the 24th Cav. Jiin. 1, 1S64. Ashel Butler. Enlisted in the 147th Rogt. Sept., 1862. George W. Carter. Enlisted in the llOlh Regt. Aug. 25, 1S62: died July 7, 1864, at Key West. Fla., of yellow fever. James Castel. Enl'd in the llOth Regt. Aug. 23, 1862: taken pris. ; died in the service; time and place of death unkppwn. C.corge Clark. Enl'd in the 24lh Regt. May 1, ISCl : djs. Oct. 1. '61. (Jcorge Cole. Enl'd in the 147th Regt. Sept. 7, '62; dis. pcpt., '62. William Cole. Enlisted in the 147lh Regt. Sept. .lO, 1861, Jas. Cummins. Enl'd in Ihe 147th Uegt. Sept. 2;t, 1862; disph, Sept. 1865. 352 IIISTORV OF OSWKGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Alrn Caiiiinino. Enlintrd in the Ut L. Arl. Oct. 4,1861 ; re-onlistcd, Full. ID, IMi, in the vainc rrgl. George l>»v,r. EnlUlvJ in the liuth Rcgt. Aug., 23, 1S62 ; died at Kvy Vi'ifl, Fin.. July t. I SHI. i>( yellow fever. Uuilcrick llnrling. Knli!>leil in the 2^th C'liv. .Ian. 1. 18(14. JuKcph bodge. Kniiali'il in the I Ith II. Art. Dee. 12, lSn:i ; wounded nt retcrsburg. .luly l.s, l.sr.4; died iii Amboy, Oct. IC, 1804, three houri» lifter hii< arriviil huuie. William Dingniiiu. Kniisled in I4lh II. Art. Dec. 12, l.'^C:!: wounded in the iinkle at IVtcfKburg. Jan. 17, ISGt ; di.>. July lU, 1865. Chnuney Dunham. KnI. in 147lh Uegl. S. |il. 7, 1862 ; dis. Dee., '62. Jiieob Duwneii. Kiili.-ted in Ihe 117lh Uegt. Aug. I, 1862. Ucorge Farley. Knli^ted in the I2li>t Uegt. Mnr. 5,1866; was Irnns. tu the 65lh Uegl. John Figiirt. Knlisteil in the I5lh Kegt. Aug. 30, 1S64. Abrahiiin Fielding. Enlisted in the lllllh Uegt. Aug. I, 1862. Uiehard Fielding. Enlisted in ihe 15th Regt. Sept. 1, 1864. Kulort Fielding. Enli^led in the I6lh Kcgl. Sept. 1, 1864. Jiinieii Foils. Kniisied in the MTlh Regl. Aug. :j|, 1862. James (iarilncr. EnlM in Ihe l,S4lh Kegt.S(|il. 7, '64; dis. Sept., '65. Noel A. (iardner. Mustered in the 1 lUIh Uegl. Aug. I'J, 1862, as 2d lieul. ; resigned Oit. Ill, 1862. Piitriek (irey. Euli^ted in the M7lli Regl. Se]it. 6, 1862; wounded at tlettysburg. Ahner (irihwold. Entered the service as a substitute Dec. 18, 1861 ; rc-enlisled Feb. 16, 1864, in the ".Kid Regt. Marliii (irisnuld. Enlisted in the '.Cid Regl. Aug. 20, 1864. John Ihill. Enl'd in the U3d Regl. Nov. 18. O.-t ; dis. Nov. 18, '64. Juslin Ilarrigan. EnI'd in the llUlh Regt. Aug. 14, 1862; died at Key West, Fla., July 10, 1864, of yellow fever. Eraslus Harrington. Enlisted in the 24lh Cav. Dec. 22, 186.3. Alvin Howard. Enlisted in the :t2d Regt. Oct. 12, 1862 : rc-cniislcd in the 2d II. Art. Feb. 1, 1864; taken prisoner nt Petersburg, July, 1864 : when last heard from was a pris. at Andersonvillc. Jacob House. Enlisted in Ihe 1 47lh Regt. Sept. 7, 1862; came homo in Dec., 1802, and dietl Feb. 3, 186:t, of sickness originating in the service. Eugene Hall. Enlisted in the !i:id Kegt. Dec. 18, 1861 ; killed at the battle of the Wilderness, .May 6, 1S64. Witlard House. Enlisted in the 147lh Regt. Sept. 7, 1862; died in Uneida county, Feb. 27, 186S, while on furlough. Daniel Kelly. Enlisted in the 2:id Regt. Sept. 18, 1864. Ross Kisselhike. Kniisteil in the 110th Regt. Aug. VJ, 1SR2. William Kinn.e. EnI'd in the 21th Cav. May 1. '61 : dis. May 1, '03. Silas Kinnie. EnI'd in the 24tb fav. Jan. 7. 1864 ; died at Washing- ton, D. C, July 2, 1864, of wounds received in battle. Lester Kinsman. Enl. in 147th Regl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; resig'd Dec., '62. Jay Lewis. Enlialed in Ihe 'J3.I Regt. Dec, 1861 ; dis. Dec. I, 1804. John .Maekey. EnI'd in Ihe 24th Regt. Nov. 1, '01 ; dis. Nov. 1, '84. Peter Madding. Enlisteil in the 24th Regl. Jan 0,1804; wounded at Petersburg. John Mann. EnI'd in the 21th Regt. May, '61 ; re-cnl'd Sept. 1, '63. Daniel Martin. Enlisteil in the 15th Regt. Jan. 1, 1864. Donald Mclnlyrc. Enlisted in the 2d H. Art."Oet. 1, 1861 ; dis. July, ISGI, on account of deafness. John Mclntyre. Eulistod in the 24th Cav. Jan. 6, 1864; killed in battle of Pclcrsburg, June 17, 1804. Albert Morion. EnI'd in the «3d Regt. Nov. 18, '61 ; dis. Nov., '64. Nebeniiah Mowers. Enlisted in the 110th Regl. Aug. 2, 1862. (jcorge Nichols. Enlisted in Ihe 184lh Regl. Sept. 1, 1864. William Nichols. Enlisted in the tKId Regt. Dec. 1, 1861 ; rc-enlisled Aug. 15, 1804 ; wounilcil at the battle of the Wilderness. Jidin Parish. Enl. in 93d Regt. Dec. 18, '01 ; re-enlisted Dec, '64. Stewart Park. Enlisted in the 147th Regt. Sept. 7, 1862; died at lici>rgelonn, N. C, Nov. 12, 1862. Smith Park. Enlisted in the 24lh Cav. Jan. 7, 1863; died at Wash- ington, D. C, July 2, 1804, of wounds received in battle. (Icorge Patterson. Enlisted in the 81st Regt. Aug. 10, 1862. Robert Patterson. Enlisted in the 24lh Cav. Jan. 0, 1804; died at Washington, D. C, .Tuly 7, 1804, of wounds received at Peters- burg, Juno 17, IsOI. Lewis Pulinan. F^nlisted in the 93d Regt. Nov. 1, 1861 ; re-enlisted in same regt in Dec, 1864. Michael Redman. Enlisted in the it]e to the Sainmn river ran throu!:h this town, and the OnelJag had a regular camping-ground upon the .site (if Kasoag. Mr. William Hamilton, while at work at this place many years later, discovered numerous Indian relics, together with eighteen dollars in English coin, which had undoubtedly been left by one of these fishing-parties. About the j'car 1810 the gentleman just named erected the first dam and saw-mill at KiL-nag. This was the .second saw-mill in Williamstown, and is still in operation, though it has been so many times repaired as to be almost a new structure. Mr. Daniel Stacey erected the first carding- niachine, which, although commenced in 1810, wa.s not put in operation until ISlo. It w;is located upon Fish creek, a short distance aliove the present tannery. Mr. Stjicy carried on the busine.ss of carding until the fall of 1818, •when he moved to Camden, Oneida county, where he died in 1825. In the year 1848, Messrs. Dodge and Humphrey, two goiitlcnicn from Albany, erected a large establishment at Kasoag for the manufacture of barrels. It was capable of turning out a thou.sand barrels (of the kind known as "dry barrels''^ per day. The original factory was burned, but another was built in its place, and the business was con- tinued for several years. The principal markets were Syra- cuse and 0.swcgo. Suitable barreliunibcr becoming scarce in the vicinity, and rival factories having been established, the business at this place becime unprofitable, and work was discontinued. In the year 1S47 the projected plank-road from Rome to Oswego engaged the attention of the people of Williams- town. A special town-meeting was called January 27, 1847, at which time it Wiis decided " that the town should subscribe for and tjike seven thousand dollars, being one hundred and forty shares, of the stock of the Rome and Oswego road, agreeable to an act passed May 7, 1S44." The number of votes cast wjis just a hundred, of which eighty-three were for the project and seventeen against it. The road was soon after built through the town. About the year 1850, Mr. Morse built the first tannery in the town. It was in operation for more than twenty years, during which time it was purchased by Me.s.srs. J. and J. CostcUo. In the fall of ISGO the New York Central railroad com- pany entered into a contract with Calvert Comstock, of Home, for cutting a large ([uantity of wood and lumber in this town. In pursuance of this contract, Mr. Comstock proceeded to construct a railroad from Williamstown sta- tion, on the Rome, Watertown and Ogdcn.sburgh railroad, to a point four miles north, since called Maple Hill. Here he erected several mills, and a little village sprang into ex- istence. One of the mills Wiis capable of sawing eight mil- lion feet of lumber per year. A post-ofTice was established at Maple Hill in 1.St)3. At one time there were five hun- dred men engaged, and forty car-loads of wood were deliv- ered daily at Rome. j As the wood became scarce in the vicinity, the road was ; extended into the town of Redfield. The contract expired in 1871, but was renewed for two or three years. Some work was carried on until 1876, when the mills were taken down and the road was abandoned. Maple Hill ceased to have a post-office in 1873. Several of the buildings con- structed while this contract was in operation are still stand- ing, but are unoccupied. About a third of the land thus cleared is now under cultivation. At a special town-meeting, held September 11, 18(14, the following resolution was adopted : " licsnlvcd, That the sum of four thou.s;ind dollars be raised by this town for the purpo.sc of an additional bounty to soldiers, or such portion thereof as may be necessary to fill the f|Uota of this town, under the present call of the president of the United States, and that the portion of said sum necessary to be used be applied and levied upon said town at the next annual meeting of the board of supervisors of the county of Oswego, and that the said money, when collected, be applied to the payment of a note made by the citizens of said town, of S3."), (100, raised for the said j)ur- pose of filling the quota of said town, and that the same amount be reimbursed to persons who have furnished sub- stitutes to apply on said quota." At a special town-meeting, held on the 31st day of Jan- uary, 1865, at the house of Thomas S. Brownell, to vote on the question of raising by tax. a bounty for volunteers, for one, two, or three years, to fill the quota of the town under the last call of the president, the vote resulted as follows : The whole number of votes cast was one hundred and twenty-eight, of which thirteen were for no bounty; one hundred and seven were for a bounty for one year ; one was for a two years' bounty, four for a three years' bounty, and two were in favor of a bounty for a hundred years ! In 1865 a train containing about a hundred Fenians, on their return from Canada, passed over the Rome, Water- town and Ogdensburgh railroad, accompanied by a detach- ment of I'nited States troops. Upon arriving at Williams- town station they left the train, and demanded lii(Uor at the Sage House. On being refused they commenced an assault upon the hotel with stones, brickbats, clubs, and everything they could lay their hands on. They were ordered to return to the train, and on their refusing to do .so the troops fired upon them, killing one of their num- ber and wounding .several more. This reduced them to obedien'ie. The old tannery which was built by Mr. Mor.se in 1850 wxs burned on the 20th of April, 1873, and Me.-^srs. J. and J. Costello, who were the owners of the building at the time, immediately commenced the erection of a new build- ing upon the same site. The tannery then built, which is still owned and carried on by these gentlemen, is one of the largest in the State, i the yard being forty bj' five hundred and fifty feet, and j containing three hundred and twenty-nine vats. This es- j tablishmcnt consumes upwards of seven thousand cords of f bark annually. \ Williamstown village contains eleven places of sale, three \ of which keep a generid assortment of merchandise. Three ' are groceries, two are furniture and undertaking establish- % Edwin Cqmstock. MffS.EOWIN COMSTOCK. •3 '■ i' /?ES.OA- £DV//N COMSTOC/f, W/u/AUsrow/^O^Wftw Co.M)' HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 355 nieiits, one is a drug-store, one a hardware-store, and one a harness-store. There are also three blacksmith-shops, three wagon-shoiis, a grist-mill, several saw-mills, two meat-mar- kets, three hotels and a tannery. There are two piiysicians in the village, — Dr. Joseph Gardner and Dr. Samuel L. Cox. Mr. R. J. Carter is the only lawyer. The merchants keeping a general assortment are H. A. White, Rodgers MeCabe, and James S. Burton. The gro- cers are John R. Wood, C. S. Sage, and W. D. Rosa. The drug-store is kept by Healey & Farnsworth ; the furniture- stores by W. S. Castle and S. Greenhow ; the hardware- store by J. G. Powell ; the meat- markets by Charles Reading and George Brouson & Son. The harness-makers are Wil- liam D. Stacy and S. G. Mann ; the wagon-makers are S. R. & W. A. Crandall, David Shaw, and Alexander Me- Auley. The grist-mill is owned by Edwin Hunt. The hotels are the Sage House, G. C. Potter, proprietor ; the Selden House, D. G. Curtiss, proprietor ; and the Daggart House, Daniel Daggart, proprietor. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The ground occupied by the church building was given to the society by Matthew Brown, in 1817. Elisha Tibbets, who claimed title to the land, also gave a deed of it. Some of the first members of the church were Solomon Goodwin, Robert Paul, and Nathan Goodwin. The trustees in 1817 were Samuel Torbert, ^Edamus Coinstock, and Daniel Stacy. Robert Paul was one of the first elders. The present elders of the church are James Aird, William Potts, and A. Bur- dick. The Sabbath-school was organized near fifty years since. The attendance at present is about eighty. The library contains two hundred and fifty volumes. Arthur B. Powell is librarian. THE METHODIST CHURCH. The early records of this church are not to be found. The society was organized about 1825. The pr&sent oflB- cers are Nathaniel Harris, Edwin Stone, Franklin Stone, Jesse Spencer, William Waters, and George Luther. The present pastor is Rev. Lemuel Clark. There are three Sunday-schools in the town, with .seven hundred volumes in their libraries, which are all under the charge of this church. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This society is of recent origin, having been formed June 17, 1877. Services are held at present in a hall in the village, which has been fitted for the purpose. The society expect to build a church within a short time. The present trustees are A. A. Orton, R. W. Potts, and N. Graves. Rev. T. B. White is the jiastor. The Sunday-school con- tains about a hundred scholars. TOWN OFFICERS. The town officers elected in 1805 were as follows : Isaac Alden, supervisor; Philander Aldcn, town clerk; Henry Williams, Solomon Goodwin, and Israel Jones, asses.sors ; Daniel Trillman, collector; Daniel Stilson and Ichabod Comstock, overseers of the poor; Newton Nash,. Ichabod Comstock,and Benjamin Bool, commissioners of highways; Daniel Freeman, Samuel Bird, and John Thornton, consta- bles ; Solomon Goodwin, Assia Belknap, and Israel Jones, fence-viewers ; Isaac Alden, sealer of weights and measures ; Obed Smith and John Farman, pound-masters. The over- seers of highways (commonly called path-masters) were for the First district, Peter B. Wright; Second, Gary Bur- dick ; Third, Newton Nash ; Fourth, Ru.ssel Morgan ; Fifth, Israel B. Spinner; Sixth, Jesse Merrills; Seventh, John Ingersoll; Eighth, John Thornton; Ninth, Joseph Hurd. Supervisors. — 1805, 1,«aac Alden ; 180G-7, Newton Na.sh ; 1808, Isaac Alden; 1801), Newton Nash; 1810 to 1825, inclusive, Henry Williams; 1826, Samuel Freeman; 1827 to 1832, inclusive, Henry Williams; 1833, William Hemp- stead; 1834, Asa B. Selden; 1835-37, Henry Potts; 1838, Samuel Freeman; 1839, Jesse Fish; 1840, Jacob Cromwell; 1841, Henry Potts; 1842, Jacob Cromwell; 1843-44, Joseph F. Buckwith ; 1845, Jacob Cromwell; 1846, Austin Burdick ; 1847-48, Gustavus V. Shelden ; 1849, Abijah Towsley ; 1850, Michael Freeman; 1851, Abijah Towsley; 1852, W. J. Dodge ; 1853-54, William Harding; 1855-56, C. S. Sage; 1857-58, Jacob M. Sel- den; 1859, 0. B. Phelps; 1860, C. S. Sage; 1861, C. L. Carr; 1862, C. S. Sage; 1863, J. M. Selden; 1864, Isaac M. Hempstead; 1865-66, Dwight J. Morse; 1807, Isaac M. Hempstead; 1868-71, Jacob M. Selden; 1872, Edwin Comistock; 1873-74, E. Delos Burton; 1875, Jacob M. Selden ; 1876, Chauncy P. Sage. Town CVe)/«.— 1806-08, Henry Williams; 1809-10, Gaston G. Comstock; 1811 to 1819, inclusive, ^Edamus Comstock; 1820 to 1826, inclusive, Asa B. Selden ; 1827 to 1831, inclusive, William Hempstead; 1832, Armun Smith; 1833 to 1837, inclusive, Isaac Potts; 1838, Jesse Fish; 1839, Orustin Burdick; 1840, Peter Hull; 1841- 42, Jesse Fish; 1843-44, Ambrose W. Barnes; 1845- 48, Emilius A. Sperry ; 1849, Michael H. Freeman ; 1850-52, William Harding; 1853-54, E. A. Sperry; 1855-56, R. S. Paul; 1857-58, E. A. Sperry; 1859 to 1867, inclusive, William Harding; 1868, Egbert Moore; 1869-71, Horace Pierce; 1872-73, Hugh D. Mellon; 1874-77, Frank P. Cromwell. The following are the town officers : David J. Curtiss, supervisor; Frank P. Cromwell, town clerk; Hugh D. Mellon, C. P. Winsor, Diogenes Freeman, and Alexander McAuley, justices of the peace; Samuel B. Selden, over- seer of the poor; John Hughes, commis.sioner of high- ways; Madison Winsor, collector; Madison Winsor, John Forley, and John McVee, constables ; Michael McDermott, game constable ; John McDermott, James Marshall, J. G. Powell, inspectors of election ; Harmon Parker, Dennis Rourke, W. A. Crandall, town auditors ; Charles Curran, Dennis Austin, and Joseph Gardner, commissioners of excise. The population of Williamstown in 1830 was 606. Since then, at dift'crent periods, it has been as follows: In 1840, 830; in 1850, 1121 ; in 1860, 1144; in 1865, 1948; in 1870, 1833 ; in 1875, 1815. It will be seen that the large number added to the population during the wood-cutting period have almost all remained since that business has been substantially abandoned. The votes at the last five presidential elections have 356 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. been as follows: In 1860, Democratic, 147 ; Republican, 98 ; in 1864, Democratic, 181 ; Republican, 103 ; in 1868, Democratic, 581 ; Republican, 14!); in 1872, Dciuucratic, 20 (!); Republican, liW ; in 1876, Democratic, 289; Re- publican, 122. The change from five hundred and eighty- nine Democratic votes in 1808 to twenty in 1872 is probably the most remarkable political change on record. One would be led to suspect that Mr. Greeley did not have many ad- mirers in William.stown. iJlOGKAlMIlCAL SKETCHES. HON. CHAUNCEY S. SAGE. The subject of the notice comes of the Puritan stock which set foot upon Plymouth rock in 1C20. His father, Roswcll Sage, was born in Rerksliiiv county, >Ias.sacliu.setts, in the year 1789, from whence he emigrated to Lewis county, Stjite of New York, in 1812, where he was drafted into the military service of the United States, and .served in the war then existing with Great Britain until its close. He then settled on a small farm in Verona, Oneida county. New York, where he resides, at the present writing, with his youngest daughter. Here on this farm was he who is the subject of our sketch born, on the 5th day of Septem- ber, ISIG, and ill this town of Verona was he raised, re- ceiving such an education as could be obtained at the com- mon schools of those days, supplemented by one term at the Verona academy'. His four sisters are all now living. In 1840 he became the proprietor of the Verona Centre House, a hotel built on the line of the Utiea and Syracuse railroad, thou just completed. He followed the business of Boniface but a year and a half in this locality, at the end of which period he exchanged his hotel for a farm near the village of Oneida, and carried on farming operations for the next seven years, and through the financial disasters of 1847. In 1848, Mr. Sago, to better his pecuniary condi- tion, went into the State of Illinois and bought sufficient prairie land to enable him to engage in more extensive farming operations than heretofore, but his wife and her friends nut being friendly to the jiroject he abandoned it, and in the winter of 1849-50 turned his attention to Wil- liamstown, where in April following he located on a small farm ailjoining the village, where he now resides. Mr. Sage soon after began the manufacture and sale of lumber, buying considerable tracts of timber- and farming-lands during the time. He al.so subseiiuently engaged in mer- cantile trade tu a limited extent, conducting his enterprises with a fair anidunt of success. He has also contributed somewhat to the building up of the village, erecting the Sage House, a store, blacksmith-shop, and several dwell- ings. Mr. Sage in politics has always been an anti-slavery man and a Republican, helping to form the latter party, whose principles he has ever steadily maintained and up- held, and though residing as he does in the strongest Democratic town in the county, has been especially fortu- nate in the hearty support received from his neighbors and townsmen, without regard to party lines, in the many posi- tions of honor and trust to which their votes have elevated him, — tokens of ra«pect and' confidence on their ]iart which are highly gratifying to him. In 1855 he was elected super- visor of his town, and re-elected in 1856, and hxs since then received the suffrages of his townsmen for the same position for three additional term.s. In 1857 he was elected member of the a.ssembly from the third district, and has also served in the logi.slature during the years 1858, 1871, and 1872. He was appointed assistant assessor of United States internal revenue, serving five years as such officer. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster of the village, which position he has continued to hold to the present time. He was efficient, during his incumbency in the supervisorship, in filling the quotits of the town under the calls of the jircsident for troops, and esjjccially so in enlisting volunteers for the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Regiment, and, with Austin Burdick, James L. Humphrey, and Ichabod Allen, contributed a bounty of twenty-five dollars ca.sh to each volunteer from his town in that regiment, in addition tright ^ jgm^^ C.S.SagE.. f^RS CS.Sagc. Rtb CSSAGE, V/iLUAUSToyvN. Oswcgo Ci/., /V. >'. A.Qrton . /W/?5.A.OffrON FlES.orVfY H.STE.LLE Willi AMSTCit/^,, 0;wi"Cc ^u.,S-Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 357 mail and a good citizen. A fine illustration of the resi- dence of Mr. Orton adorns our pages elsewhere, to the left of which appears that of W. M. Steele, Esq. MILITARY IJECORD OF WILLIAMSTOWN. David Allen. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., Aug. 15, 1S61 ; trans, to Ihu :)7tli Regiment, March 31, 1S63; was thirty-four months in the service. Morgan L. Allen. .Tr. Enlisted in the 14th Regt.; supfiosed to be dead ; last seen at battle of Gettysburg, .July 1, 180.'?. Josiah Ashpolu. Enli.sted in the 110th Regt., Aug. 23, 1862, as 2a lieut. ; pro. to 1st lieut., Feb. 6, 1S03; rc-^igned after eighteen months' service. Rensscl.aer liailcy. Enlisted in the 2ith Cav., Dec. 20, 1SG3 ; died of accidental wounds, at Fairfax Hospital, Va., Sept. 16, 1804. Martin S. liallard. Enlisted in the Slst Regt., Nov. 7, 1861: was thirty-si.\ months in the service: disch. at expiration of terra. Wilbur E. Ballard. Enlisted in the 24th Cav., Dec. 2a, 1803; was three years in service. John ISartlett. Enlisted in the UTth Regt., Sept. 26, 1802. Caleb liecker. Enlisted Sept. 10, 1862 ; was twenty-four months in service. George C. lieckwith. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., Aug. Ill, 1862. Harrison Blasin. Enlisted in the 3d Art., Aug. 27, 1SC4; was three years in service. Stephen Bull. Enlisted in the ISflth Regt., Sept. 7, 1864; taken to the hospital April 2, 1865; his right arm was amputated. Walter Bull. Enlisted in the 121st Regt., March 20, 1865; served one year. Nathan B. Case. Enlisted in the 147th Regt , Aug. 27, 1862, as Corp. ; died of sickness originating in the service, June 2, 1803. Jon.is Caswell. Enlisted in the 110th Regt., Aug. 1, 1863. Nelson Caswell. Enlisted in the UOth Regt., Aug. 6, 1862; dieil May 1, 1863, at Baton Rouge, La. Harrison Chase. Enlisted in the 24th Regt., Nov. 1, 1803 ; was twelve months in service. William Comstock. Enlisted in the 24th Regt., Nov. 1, 1863; dis. after six months' service. Franklin Edwards. Enlisted in the 14th Art., Nov. 10, 1803. William II. Gardner. Enlisted in the 18'Jth Regt., Aug. 31, 1804; dis. after nine months' service. Carlos Gilbert. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., Oct. 10, 1803. Herman Goodwin. Enlisted in 32d Regt., Oct. 12, 1863; dis. after twenty-four months' service. Sanford Gotham. Enlisted in the 93d Regt., Dec. 4, 1SG3 ; dis. after eighteen months' service. Joseph Gould, Jr. Enlisted in the 110th Regt, Aug. 1, 1802. Horace Hale. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., Aug. 27, 1802; killed in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1803. Allen Harp. Enlisted in the Slst Regt., Sept. Ill, ISOl : .lis. after thirty-six months' service. J. din Hart. Enlisteil in the 147th Regt., Aug. 27, 1802; killed in the batlle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1803. Samuel ('. Harding. Enlisted in the 108th Regt., Aug. 13, 1802; died at Memphis seminary, Tenn., Jan. 7, 1863. Albert J. Hough. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., Aug. 27, 1862; died in service at Belle Plain, La., Feb. 19. 1863. Samuel Hough. Enlisted in the Oneida ('av., Sept. 16, 1861; disch. after nine months' service. William 1". Jary. Euliste.l in the 07th Regt., Aug. IS, 1803. Ambrose Kellogg. Enl'd in the 189th Regt., Sept. 3, 1864; served one year. Truman Kellogg. Enlisted in the lS4th Regt., Sept. 3, 1864. La Fayette Tabor. Enlisted in the 3d Art., Feb. 15, 1864. Daniel Marsh. Enlisted in the 18Glh Regt., Aug. 29, 1864; trans- ferred to the 5th Cav.; discharged after nine mouths' service. James Marsh. Enlisted in the 24th Regt., Aug. 17, 1861 ; transferred to the 186th Regt., Aug. 24, as sergeant; discharged after twenty- three months' service. William McLane. Enlisted in the 8l8t Regt., Aug. 9, 1862; dis- charged after thirty-six months' service. Alexander McNaley. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., Aug. 29, 1802, as a musician. Samuel J. Mills. Enlisted in the Slst Regt., Aug. 15, 1861 ; re-en- listed Jan. 1, 1863. William N.Morrison. Enlisted in the 186th Regt., Sept. 7,1864; dischargeil after nine and one-half months' service. Joseph R. Nash. Enlisted in the 189th Regt., Sept. 3, 1864; dis- charged alter nine months' service. Francis E. Pcabody. Enlisted in the 11th Wisconsin Regt., August 27, 1801; discharge I after twenty-three months in the service. Sugilamus Portals. Enlisted in the 24th Cav., Jan. 2, 1864. Henry Potter. Enlisted in the 97th Regt., Aug. 5, 1863. Discharged after twelve months in the service. Byron Potts. Enlisted in the 14th Art., Feb. 18, 1863; promoted to 1st lieut. James E. Potts. Enlisted in the lS6th Regiment, Sept. 7, 1864. William R. Potts. Enlisted in the M7th Kegt., Aug. 27, 1862, as 2d lieut.; promoted to 1st lieut., Feb. 13, 1SG3; was wounded in the left lung. Benjamin T. Price. Enlisted in the 14th H. Art., in 1863. Randolph Rathliu. Enlisted in the 184th Regt., Aug. 31, 1864 ; trans- ferred to the 189th Regt. ; disch. after nine months" service. John Redding. Enlisted in the 42d Regt., Sept. 9, 1861 ; disch'gd at the expiration of his terra. Wesley Rice. Enlisted in the 147th Regt.. Sept. 27, 1862 ; disch. after fourteen months' service. Alexander Robinson. Enlisted in the 2d Regt., Aug. 10, 1861 ; pro- moted to 1st sergt. ; resigned after twenty-two months* service. Sylvester S. Rodgers. Enlisted in the- 21st Regt., August 28, 1862; promoted to 1st corporal. James Rood. Enlisted in the 110th Regt, Aug. 25, 1862; died at New Iberia, La., Nov. 3, 1863. Thomas Sedgwick. Enlisted in the 21st Regt, Aug. 28, 1S62; dis- charged at the expiration of his term. George Sonas. Drafted in the 97th Regt, Aug. 20, 1S63. Michael Spring. Enlisted in the 20th Regt., Sept. 2, 1863; disch. at the expiration of his term. Wheaton Sprink. Enlisted in the 147th Regt, Aug. 27, 1862; died at Belle Plain, La., Jan. 28, 1863. William A. Stacy. Enlisted in the 110th Regt, Aug. 1, 1802; dis. I in Aug., 1865. AVilliam II. Sylyca. Enlisted in the 1st Regt, Aug. 28, 1862; rc-en- I listed Sept. 1, 1804. I John Todd. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1S04. I Hugh M. Wallace. Enlisted in the 25th Mich. Regt., Aug. 9, 1802, I as Corp.; died at Louisville, Ky., May 10, 1803. j Harlow Wills. Enlisted in the 147th Regt., Aug. 27, 1802 ; killed in I the battlc*f Gettysburg. July 3, 1803. Frank Humphrey. Entered the naval service, Sept. 3, 1804, as sig- nal steward on board the " Neptune;" dis. at the expiration of his term. The following is a list of the residents of Willi;imsto\vn who served in the war of 1812: Anthony Lovejoy, Asa Lovcjoy, Herman (ioodwin, Samuel Goodwin, Daniel Plumb, Gaston Comslock, Asa B. Seblen. Haniel Hough, Alva Rowley, and Peter Rowley. HASTINGS. For a description of the numerous exciting scenes wliich transpirod on tlie southern borders of Ila.stinijs j)revi(ius to its peruiaiient occupation by tlie wliites, when in time of peace trading expeditions were constantly going back and forth between Albany and Oswego, and when in time of war innumerable bateaux, freighted with armies and mu- nitions, burdened Oneida lake and river, we must refer our readers to the general history of the county. Those opera- tions, extending as they did over the whole southern and western portions of Oswego County, were far too important to be treated of in a sketch of a single town. In this cjise, as in others, we begin the town's history with its earliest settlement. Even this takes us well back in the j>a.st, for Hastings was the first town to be settled in Oswego County. It was in 178'J that Oliver Stevens established himself by the abandoned Fort Hrewerton, and built a rude house, in which he traded with tlie Indians, and kept a kind of tavern for the accommodation of the bcjatmen, who were still numerous on the lake and river. In 17".ll, Major llyal Bingham also located himself near the fort, having hired some laml of those who had purchased it from the State. He only re- mained a year or two, however, and then moved to Three Rivers point. According to the best authority we can obtain, the first death was that of Horatio Stevens, in 1792. Two excitin" adventures of .M r. Oliver Stevens occurring about this period are narrated in the general history ; one relating to the ex- ploits of a bear which captured a boat, and the other to a contest between >Ir. Stevens and the wolves in the central jiart of the county. In 1794 the Indians appeared so dangerous that Mr. Stevens obtained authority from Governor Clinton, and built a block-house, at the expense of the State, just south of the fort, and on the site of the Fort Brewerton hotel. Some have supposed that the block-house, which remained till a comparatively late day, was an appurtenance of the olil fort, but this is a mistake. Mr. Stevens afterwards left the block-house, though he remained in the vicinity. The government paid no more attention to it, and it was used by various persons when they first came into the county until they could provide another residence. At this time Hastings was a part of the town of Mexico and county of Herkimer. That town was reorganized in 1 790, but Hastings still remained within it. When the first town officers, under the new organization, were ap- pointed, in 1797, by the justices of the peace of Herkimer county, in default of an election, Mr. Oliver Stevens was selected as town clerk. Hastings was also known as survey- township No. 1 3, of Seriba's patent. It was called " Breda" by that gentlemen, but the name was seldom or never used 35 S by the settlers. Mr. Scriba conveyed the title of the whole township to Arent P. Schuyler, he to I'hilip A. Scliuyler, and he to Jacob Mark. The latter gentleman, on the 15th of April, 1800, transferred the title of three-fourths of the township (twenty-two thousand five hundred and forty six acres) to Solomon Townscnd and Samuel Jones, as tru.stees. Afterwards half of tliis tract was conveyed to J. I. Roose- velt, while about a fourth of the whole township was trans- ferred to Governor John Jay, and another fourth to a .^Ir. Monroe. About 1797, Brainerd Emmons settled in Hastings, and for a while occupied the old block-house. Benjamin Em- mons lived on the other side of the river, and soon estab- lished a ferry across the stream, which he managed over twenty years. The fii-st birth of a white child in town was that of John L. Stevens, son of Oliver, in 1802. Timothy \'ickery came to Fort Brewerton before 1806, and in that year Betsey Vickery was married to Silas Bellows, that being the first wedding in the jircscnt town of Hastings. Several years after, Thomas Vickery took charge of the Block- Housc hotel, where he remained until 1820. Oliver Ste- vens, Myron Stevens, Mr. Hall, and Mr. Patterson settled along on the river-bank, near Coughdenoy. In 1820, Mr. Aaron Snow, a .son-in-law of Major Sol- omon Waring, of Constantia, became the proprietor of the hotel. Mr. Snow had a flat-boat which he used in trans- porting his property from Rotterdam, or Constantia, to his new home, where he found sale for wheat at two dollars and a half ]ier bushel, and for potatoes at the .same price. Mr. 31o.ses Hewitt tells of coming with his uncle on horseback, from near Mexico, to Fort Brewerton, over the Salt road, in 1820, and buying three or four bushels of wheat and several bushels of potatoes at the block-house, at the above prices. They were even obliged to pay a dollar and a half per bushel for potatoes with the eyes cut off. Mr. Snow moved to Coughdenoy in 1822, and finally, in 1826, settled on a farm in the L'Hommedieu location, where his widow still resides, at the age of eighty-seven, with her son, Leonard Snow. In 1809 Mr. Solomon Allen had settled a little east of Central Square, on lot 26. Mr. Allen passed a quiet life in tilling the soil, and died in 1875, at the age of ninety, while on his way to Florida, having lived in town sixty-six years. The first blacksmith in Hastings was Elijah Goodspecd, who became a resident of this town, on lot 20, in 1815. Chester Loomis came from West Monroe and built him a house at Central Square, where he remained five or six years, serving the public as a hotel proprietor. His house was burned about 1818, but was .soon rebuilt by Mr. Loa- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 359 mis. About 1820 Mr. Loomis sold his farm, wliich was on lot 41, to Nicliolas I. Roosevelt. It is noted for two salt- springs upon it, with which many experiments have been tried, both in earlier and later days. This same year Hastings Curtiss moved to Central Si(uaro, and built and opened a store on the corner now owned by George Campbell. Mr. Curtiss was one of the luo.st enterprising men in the county. He built a brick hotel which was the first brick liou,se in town, kept the first post-office, and was one of the company that ran the first stages from Salina to Watertown, about 1825. As the ]i.st of officers both of town and county will show, he held many important positions, and in his honor the town was named Hastings, being formed from Constantia, April 20, 1825. In 1824 a bridge was built at Fort Brewerton by Mr. Leonard Fuller, as contractor for a' chartered company ; that being the point where the Salt road from Salina to Watertown crossed the river. In 1820 Orris C. Orman settled near the fort on the Stotts location, bought of Mr. Ray, and Robert Orman located near him in 1824; both remaining in that neigh- borhood. Leonard Fuller settled at Coughdenoy previous to 1820. In Februar}', 1823, Henry Waterbury, with his fiimily, came from Rensselaer county, and settled near Coughdenoy, at the head of the rapids. Mr. E. Bailey, a son-in-law, bought the farm some twenty years ago, and kept it until within a few years, when he sold it to its present owner, Mr. Jladison. Nicholas Keller settled on lot 44 in 1823, building the first house west of Central Square, on the Fulton road. T. Paine was also an early settler on lot 44. In 1817, Wm. Ladd, from the land of steady habits, located liimself, with his brother, on lot 22, on the Salt road, which had then been opened. There were at that time but two houses, between IMexico and Fort Brewerton, on that road. One was a tavern near by, kept by a Mr. Briggs, and the other was the tavern at Central Square, owned by Mr. Loomis. !Mr. Ladd, now aged eighty-two, resides with his son Joseph on the farm which he has cleared and improved, and relates with interest his experience in pioneer life. In those days the great resource of the people was to convert their timber into ashes, and manufacture those into pota,sh and pearlash, which were about the only articles of export for which they received cash. Daniel Chappel, Rial Hoisington, and a Mr. Allen settled on lot 22, about the same time as Mr. Ladd. In 1822, George L. Carley, from Otsego county, located on lot 5, made a clearing, and put up a house, having purchased one hundred and fifty acres of J. I. Roosevelt at fipur dollars per acre, fifty acres of Mr. Monroe at three dollars per acre, and two hundred acres, at one dollar and a half per acre, of Mr. Parish, situated in the town of Parish, but adjoining the other lots. In 1823 he removed his family to their wilderness home, and the same year built a saw-mill on the south branch of Salmon creek. In a year it was consumed by fire, but Jlr. C. soon rebuilt it, and attached a carding-machine to it, which was managed by George Benedict for some ten year.s. Mr. Carley has built I the fourth saw-mill at this place, two having rotted down or been worn out during his stay of fifty-four years. The place may fairly be called '' Carley's mills." INIr. Peter Carr was another early settler. He located on lot No. 5, in 1825, where he has lived for the past fifty- two years, clearing and improving his farm, and raising a family of nine children. Mr. James J. Coit came from Connecticut, in 1823, and settled upon a farm on lot No. 26, of the Governor Jay tract, where he remained as a farmer for forty-nine years, raising a family of eleven children. His fellow- townsmen honored him with an uninterrupted term of office for over thirty years, as school commissioner, justice of the peace, assessor, supervisor, etc., and in 1859 he was elected to the assembly. He taught the first school in Central Square, in the winter of 1824-25. Mrs. Coit taught the first school in district No. 7. Ten out of eleven of IMr. C.'s children have been teachers in the public schools and seminaries. His second wife, as well as his first, was al.so a teacher. Thirteen teach- ers out of a family of fourteen, who have taught a hundred and eighty-two terms in all. Mr. J. J. Coit was agent for Governor John Jay's estate in this town from 1827 till within a few years, when the business was closed up. He now resides at Central S(iuare, at the age of seventy-four, having lived in town fifty-three years. Obadiah Cornell, Amos Burrows (2d), Amos Jack- son, and Schooner Russel were also early settlers on lot No. 26, locating there about 1824. Ambrose Hale, Thomas West, and Shuber Button had located on lot No. 25 before 1824. The early settlers of lot No. 23 were Bishop Hoyt, Alvin Briggs, Mr. Tiflany, and Mr. Daggett. S. P. Munsel purchased a farm, in 1827, on lot No. 43, on the Fulton road, in what was then known as the Eight-mile woods. He, with his family, endured many hardships and privations, living for sometime under a bark- roof, with the ground for a floor. When he became more wealthy, and able to improve his residence, he obtained two pine boards ten inches wide, for which he paid twenty-five cents apiece, and made a door out of one of them, and some shelves out of the other. Jlr. Munsel carried on his back to the Pelton mill, on Coughdenoy creek, the first bushel of corn that was grown there. At another time he chopped an acre of heavy timber for a bushel of corn and a log-chain, receiving his board, however, while at work. He still keeps the old log-chain as a link — in fact, several links — between the past and the present. He relates that eels, which were caught in abundance at Coughdenoy, were the principal meat of the inhabitants for many years. John Young and John Klock were also among the fir.st settlers on lot 43. In 1827, Benjamin Mallory p\irchased a farm on lot No. 27, and commenced a clearing. He sot wagnii, called the '■ ip|d mud wagon," that carried the mail through on the old Salt road. In his shop, too, was made the 6rst coach that was used ill tlie stage-line from .Salina (now Syracuse) to Watertown. The liivt stage company cunsi-stcd of Messrs. Stone & Field, of Salina; Hastings Curtiss, of Central S(|uare ; and Hiram liowis, of Pula!-ki. Mr. F]lliott was employed by the l{oint, about 1815. It was afterwards burned, but Wiis rebuilt in 1818. N. I. Roosevelt purclia.sed it near 1820, and occu- pied it as a dwelling. The house is yet in good repain, and is oi-fujiied by Samuel Sweet. Rolliii Blunt, who was a surveyor, w7, and sii|iervisor in 1859 and 1800. Thomas W. Green Wiis a member of the assembly ia 1872 and 1876, and supervisor for five years. Henry Conde was county clerk from 1855 to 1858. Hastings Curtiss, Huntington Fitch, Lewis F. Devendorf, Mars Nearing, and Robert Elliott have all served as asso- ciate judges of the court of common pleas, or as justices of sessions. Of the suj)ervisor8 not mentioned above, Gilson Dyke- man served four years; Russel Fitch, Jr., two years; Thomas Warner, two years; Gaston G. Curtiss, three years; George Campbell, three years; Charles Breed, one year; Henry i'humons, two years; William C. Hanchett, one year; Robert Elliott, two years; 0.scar Beebe, three years; Avery T. Lowe, two years; Charles E. Coville, two years; George W. Woodin, the present incumbent, one year. RO.VDS. The Salina and Central Square plank-n>ad company was chartered April 12, 1844, for thirty years, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars. William D. Bennet was chosen president, and Richard Adams secretary. In 1848, the plank-road wase-vtended north through the town, under the name of the Central plank-road, John Becker being the president of the company, and Peter Devendorf the secretary. The Central Sciuare and I'ine Hill plankroad company, was chartered in 1848, with a capital of twenty-five thou- sand dollars. In 1851 the road was extended west to Fulton, under the name of Fulton and Central Square plank-road. S. N. Kenyun was then president, and I. I. Wolcott secretary. THE BAPTIST CHUHCIIES. The first Baptist church in town was organized August 25, 1820, at Mr. Natlian Raymond"s, Elder Moore acting as chairman and 15. Wheelan as clerk. Stejihen Rich- mond, Charles Smedley, Ferrin B. Wheelan, Nathan Ray- mond, Rachael Merchant, Abigail Russel, Maria Raymond, and Cordelia Fidler adopted the necc.s.sary articles of failli, and united in calling a council, consisting of delegates from the Onondaga, Syracuse, Cicero, and Mexico churches. The council conveneil September 20, 1826, at a .sehoMl-liuuse in what is now West Monroe, and recognized the above-named HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 363 brothers and sisters as a Baptist church. Eider G. B. Davis preached the sermon, and extended the hand of fellowship. Covenant-meetings and public worship were held at a Mr. ]Mercliant's, and at several school-hnuscs, but princi- pally at those in Central Square and Coughdenoy. The first church building was erected at Coughdenoy in 1842, Rev. Peter Woodin preacliing the dedication sermon. Tills church organization was subject to many changes, being at times quite [irosperous and at others seriously depressed. Elders Moore, Graves, Warner, A. Boughton, John B. Parsons, Daniel Dean, H. S. Curtiss, and S. Gardner served the church as pastors; A. Barrows, A. S. Curtiss, S. Hunt, Jehu Sceley, and W. S. Rowe as deacons ; B. Wheelan, S. Hunt, W. S. Rowe. and James Rowe as clerks. The church ordained three of her pastors, — John B. Parsons, Daniel Dean, and A. S. Curtiss, — and also sat several times in coun- cil with other churches. Finally, however, it became greatly reduced in strength, and on the oOth of June, 1849, it was disbanded. In the year 1845, Rev. Peter Woodin, of Fulton, had his attention drawn to Central Square as a suitable place for Christian work. As the result of his labors, the Bap- tist church at that place was organized on the 14th of June, 1845. On the 25th of the same month delegates from the churches of the Oswego Baptist association sat in council, and recognized this as a Baptist church, and it has ever since been a member of that association. Thei'e were twenty-two members who covenanted together at its organ- ization, choosing Philip Carter as deacon and T. H. Water- bury as clerk. A house of worship was built during the year 1846. Elder Woodin, being a carpenter, cut the first stick of timber, and did much of the work. Through the personal labor of members of the church and society, the building was completed with but little cash expense. It was dedi- cated on the 18th of December, 1846, Rev. Mr. Taggert preaching the dedication sermon. A leave of absence was granted to Elder Woodin in the spring of 1850, when he went to California, organized a church there, and procured the erection of a house of wor- ship. He returned in May, 1852, the church having been supplied in the mean time by Rev. S. J. Decker and Rev. H. Knapp. Elder Woodin immediately resumed his pa.s- toral labors with this church, and continued them until April 1, 1872, when he resigned on account of age and in- firmity. In memory of his earnest and active labors the church has placed a tablet, properly inscribed, within their house of worship. Rev. D. D. Owen succeeded Elder Woodin, and still re- mains the pastor. P. P. Allen, David Manning, and W. L. Rowe have served as deacons. The present ones are Jacob Beebe and Robert Elliott. The clerk is D. D. Drake. The trustees are O. Beebe, W. B. Parkhurst, D. D. Drake, J. Simpson, A. T. Low, and J. H. Wood. The whole number of members received since its organization is two hundred and fifty-four ; the present membership is one hundred and twenty-three. A Sunday-school has been main- tained since the organization of the church. The present superintendent is 1). D. Drake ; the membership numbers two hundred and fourteen. The house of worship has been improved from time to time, and is now pleasant and convenient. THE METIIODI.ST EPISCOP.VI, CHURCH. The date of the first Methodist church organization is somewhat uncertain ; it was probably as carl}' as 1825. When Elder Bibbins was the preacher on tiiis circuit he organized a small class about that time near Hastings Cen- tre. Wm. Ford and wife, Richard Ford and wife, Truman and Daniel Wooster, were in that class. Afterwards three or four classes were formed in different parts of the town. One was organized at Mallery about 1833, of which Edward Duerding and wife, Robert Kenyon and wife, Barnes Baird and wife, Ozar Hoyt and wife, Titus Bowe and wife, and Maria Vrooman were the first members. Rev. Anson Ful- ler, assisted by Rev. Joseph Cro.ss, was then in charge of the circuit to which the Hastings classes belonged. In 1842, while Elder Smedley and Salma Chapiu were laboring in this field, they enjoyed a refreshing revival, and forty or fifty persons were added to the Mallery class. Being further strengthened in subsequent years, they were enabled to build them a house of worship. It was dedi- cated in the year 1851, Elder Parker preaching the dedica- tion sermon. The first trustees were David Baird, Titus Bowe, and Titus Bowe, Jr. The present trustees are Peter House, Jared Mallory, and J. W. Wilcox. The present clerk is Henry Hoyt. The pastor in charge is Rev. Freeman Beebe. A Sabbath-school was organized about 1841. Milton Flowers served as superintendent for many years. The school is now in charge of Ruth Sedgwick. There was a class formed at Coughdenoy at an early day, and about 1850 they purchased the house of worship of the Baptist denomination, in which they have ever since met. E. W. Bailey, the present leader, has a class of forty- one members. The Central Square class was organized near 1830, with a few members. In 1846 they built a house of worship at an expense of one thousand dollars. It has since been much improved. The class now numbers eighty-two mem- bers. Rev. Charles E. Beebe is in charge of this as well as of the Coughdenoy class. There is a good Sabbath- school with a hundred and twelve scholars. Lot Fuller being the superintendent. At an early day there was a class formed at the school- house of district No. 5, of which John North and wife, Peter Vanderworker and wife, Amos Reynolds and wife. Socrates Borst and wife, and others, were members. It grew to be a large, prosperous class, but finally was broken up, a.s is said, on account of the slavery ((ucstion. In 1874, Rev. Mr. Smedley formed a new cla.ss, consist- ing of fifteen members. A. J. Grant was the first class- leader; F. L. Brown is the present one. The class is utidcr the pastoral charge of Rev. J. F. Beebe, and now numbers twenty members. There is also an interesting Sunday- school with fifty members, under the supervision of R. J. Dimond. The following is a list of Methodist Episcopal pastors, 3(;4 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. in the order of their sen'ice: Anson Fuller, assisted by Joseph Cross ; Lewis Bell, assisted by John Thompson ; Truninn V:in Tiisscl, assisted by Isaac C'lvort ; Isaac Hal), C. C. Mason, AuL'Ustini' C. Munsun, Alunzo Cliapin, Joseph Snu'dlcy, Wni. Peek, Daniel Barnard, Wni. Moi-se, Thomas D. Mitchell, Isaac Turiicy, Francis A. C. FaiTcli, Dennison D. Parker, Reuben Reynnlds, Horatio Arthur, Sihts Hell, Nathaniel Salisbury, David Stone, Hiram Nichols, William B. Joice, Henry S. Holmes, E. Arnold, R. 0. Beebe, U. Webster, W. V. Brown, and Charles E. Becbc, assisted by Freeman Beebc. TIIK .MKTIKpIUST I'KOTKSTANT CHURCH was organized at Bardeen's corners in 1868, with a member- ship of twenty. Rev. Charles Beardslcy wa.-; the pa.stor, and lliuace Ladil was the class-leader. The pre.sent officers are' Moses P. Hewitt, class-leader, and R. J. Dimond, clerk. There are thirty members, who hold their meetings in a Bchool-house. Rev. H. L. Howen was the last pastor. THE FREK-WII.L BAPTIST CHI KCII. This church was organized in 1832, by Rev. Benjamin McCoun, with the following members: David Linsley, Mr. Cotton, Peter Carr, iMary Carr, Mrs, Delaiicy Ostruin, Wm. Nutting, and Joseph MaFord. Jo.-seph JIafbrd was chosen the first deacon. He afterwards became a preacher, when Mr. Burrows and Mr. Perine were chosen deacons. Rev. Mr.'isrs. Nutting, Wilson, Fuller, and Jlafurd have served this cliuich as pastors. Rev. Mr. Finney is the present ]>iLstor, and Maltyre Grant is clerk. The meetings are held in the school-house at Carley's mills. THE PRESItYTEKIAN CHURCH. A church of this denomination was organized at Central Scjuare, May 20, 1828, with twelve members, by Rev. Oliver Ayer, Oliver Leavett. Clement Lewis, and Diiniel R. Dick- son. The first members were Daniel Webster, Julia Ann Webster, Jotham Goodspeed and Rebecca his wife; David Lockwodd, Rdllin Blunt, Lucy Allen, Christupher Hyde and his wile, Flora Durfee, and Nabby Porter. D. Welister and J. Goodspeed were .selected as ruling elders, and J. Goodsi)eed as deacon. The' membership afterwards in- erea.sed to twenty-eight, but was sub.si^(|uently reduced to a very few. The church held its last regular meeting on the Uth of June, 1830. On the loth of October, 18H5, Wm. Jay deeded to Caleb Case, Daniel Wadswortli, and J. J. Coit, as trustees of the First Presbyterian church and society of Hastings, fifty- seven acres of land in subdivision 7, lot 5, to promote the worship of (lod in the town of Hastings. Mr. Coit, the sole remaining trustee, cared for this prop- erty for thirty-nine years, dividing the revenue from it among the various denominations represented in town. In 1874 he sfjld tlu? (iroperty, investing the proceeds in United States bonds, the interest of which he annually divides be- tween the liapti.st and Methodist churches, as there is now no Presbyterian church in Hastings. Central Sqi:are Lodge, No. 471), F. & A. M. — This lodge received its charter June 10, 182G, Hastings Curtis.s being its first Master; Jarvis Leonard, S. W. ; and Philo N. Carpenter, J. W. In 18G7 it was revived as No. 022, I when G. H. Strong was chosen Master; T. W. (Jrcen, S. W. ; Charles Breed, J. W. ; D. L. Wo..d. Trciusurer ; J. H. Wood, Secretary ; T. De Lomie, S. D. ; N. W. BaU«, J. D.; S. All, Tyler. The prest'ut oflicers arc N. W. Bates, Master; J. (). Brien, S. W. ; J. O. Shetler, J. W. ; D. L. Wood, Treasurer ; D. D. Drake. Secretary ; F. Hawkins, S. D. ; A. Allen, J. ' D. ; (iitirge Richer, Tyler. Mallerv Lodge, No. 208, I. O. of G. T. — This society was org-anized August 20, 1875, with twfnty mem- bers. The fii'st officers were Jerome Smith, W. C. T. ; Miss Emily Star, W. V. T. ; Arthur S. Hoyt, R. Sec. ; Augu.stus Heglin, F. Sec. ; Mrs. Jerome Smith, Treas. ; Chester Sedgwick. Chaplain. It has been (juitc pro.sperou», having at ]ire.sent about sixty members. The following are the principal officers, as taken in the spring of 1877 : Jerome Smith, W. C. T. ; Mrs. Jerome Smith, W. V. T. ; Arthur S. Hoyt, R. Sec. ; Jacob Kilts, F. Sec. ; Mrs. Chas. Wright, Treas. ; Alonzo Dolly, Chaplain. Hasting Ix)I)GE, No. 205, I. 0. of G. T.— This lodge was organized February 27, 18G7, with thirly-five nieinlH;rs. Some of the first officers were Edwin Devendorf, W. C. T. ; Jane Fort, W. V. T. ; A. Fort, See.; Abram Fort, F. Sec. They soon built them a hall, where they continue to hold forth, their tiiganiziitiun being in a very healthy condition. The principal officers, as reported last spring, were E. G. Amons, W. C. T. ; L. D. Huiley, W. Y. T. ; R. J. Dimond, R. Sec. ; George Rider, F. Sec. ; Mrs. R. J. Dimond, Treasurer. Central Square Lodge, No. 237, I. O. of G. T. — Orgiinized October 11, 1875. It then consisted of twenty- five members. The following were the first officers: (Xscar Beebe, W. C. T. ; Mi.ss R. Coit, W. V. T. ; W. E. Water- bui7, R. See. ; C. A. Lewis, F. Sec. ; Miss Hattic Hawes, Treas. ; Rev. W. F. Hrown, Chaplain ; Romain F. All, M. ; Peter Borst.O. G. ; Helen M. White, I. G. ; Fred. U. Lewis, Mess.; Florence Wood, A. S. ; Wary Morgan, I). .M. , Mrs. S. M. Coon, R. S. ; Miss Roxie Snow, L. S. ; S. Mor- timer (.'oon, L. D. From October 11, 1875, to April 22, 1877, ninety-seven persons were received. Twenty-nine have withdrawn, a number have been expelled, and some have transferred tluir membership to other lodges, leaving but thirty-seven mem- bers at jircscnt in good standing. The officers, as reported in A]>ril, 1877, were (jeorge Richer, W. C. T. ; Frank Humphry, Sec. ; Mary Simpson, W. V. T. ; Seward Allen, F. See. ; Mrs. U. Miller, Treas. ; Alphonzo Allen, Chaplain ; Fred. B. Lewis, M. ; Charles Marsh, 0. G. ; Lillie Aurin- ger, 1. (!. ; Miss Ida Beebe, A. S. ; Nellie Bates, D. M. ; Alida Conrad, R. S. ; Mary Allen, L. S. ; Florence Wood, L. I). ; Willard Waterbury, P. W. C. T. Hastin(1s (iRANUE, No. 339, Patrons ok Hu.sbani>rv. — ^Thc "grangers," as they are commonly called, organized their society July 9, 1875. It then consisted of thirty mem- bers. The principal officers were George Rider, W. M. ; W. W. Wadsworth, O. ; R. H. Devendorf, Sec. ; George Pelit, Treas. The principal present officers are W. W. Wads- worth, W. M.; R. H. Avcrv. W. O. ; R. J. Dimond, Sec. HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 365 MILITARY RECORD OF HASTINGS. Lewis Fivucher. Enl'J Doj., 180:!, for three years, in tlie 2itli N. Y. Cav. ; badly wounded in the arm at Petersburi;. Avery T, Low. Enlisted Aug. 2b, 18(J2, for tliree years, in the llOtli N. Y. v.. as sergt. ; pro. adjutant. Albert N. Bort. Enlisted Sept., 1864, for one year, in the 2l8t Bat. Plait B. Wightnian. Enlisted .'\ug., 1863, for three years, in llllth N. Y. V. Andrew Eastbrook. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the ISlth N. Y Inf. John Lowlts. Enlisted Dec. 8, 1363, in the 24:th Cav. ; pro. sergt. David Lott. Enlisted Dec. 8,1863, in the21th Cav.; pro. sergt. Isaac Baum. Enlisted Jan. 5, 1864, in the 24th Cav. George E. Allen. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, in the 110th N. Y. V. Salvo Morse. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. V. Joseph Rudean. Enlisted Jan. 2, 1864, in the 2nth N. Y. Cav., for three years. Joseph Lorin. Enl'd May, 1861, in the 24th N. Y. Cav.; wounded. Charles Lorin. Enl'd June 7, 1864, in the 24th N. Y. Cav.; wounded. Francis Lorin. Eul'd May, 1861, in the 24th N. Y. Cav.; wounded. Adoljihus Fellows. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1SB2, in the 149th N. Y. V. Henry Dcwitt. Enlisted March, 1865, for one year. Oliver C. Smith. Enlisted Sept. 4, 1864, in the 21st N. Y. Cat. Jacob Kilts. Charles W. Kilts. Daniel Kilts. Lewis Centel. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the UTth N. Y. Inf. David Deacons. Enlisted Aug., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Daniel Roberts. Enlisted Feb., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Edward Myrers. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184tli N. Y. Inf. Liberty Ostrander. Enlisted Feb., 1864, in the 149th N. Y. Inf. Henry Hammond. Enlisted Aug., 18G2, in the 110th N. Y. Inf.; promoted corporal. Henry B. Iloyt. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the lS4th N. Y. Inf. Joseph J. Hoyt. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the lS4th N. Y. Inf. Alonzo Dolly. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the 24th N. Y. Cav.; pro- moted corporal; re-enlistcd in lS4th, as sergt., 1864. Wm. H. Hopkins. Enlisted Dec, 1863, in the 15lh N. Y. Cav. Aimer Hopkins. Enlisted Jan., 1864, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. Geo. W. House. Enl'd Jan., 1864, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. ; wounded. Wellington P. House. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. John W. Baum. Enlisted in the 110th N. Y. Inf. Cris. J. Stookover. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. Charles Gero. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Wm. Sanforth. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. Charles Morsewe. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 1 10th N. Y. Inf. Amasa Grant. Enlisted Aug , 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. Aman J. Grant. Enl'd Dec, 136 4, in the 24th N". Y. Cav., as corp. Adelbert Johnson. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Walter Switts, Jr. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the 24th N. Y. Cav.; musician ; promoted. Abel Palmer. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in Battery B ; discharged, and re-enlisted Feb., 1864. Wm. Wightman. Enl'd Jan., 1801, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. ; sergt. Edwin C. Devcndorf. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the lS4th N. Y. Inf., sergeant. James H. Devendorf. Enlisted .Sept., 1364, in the 134th N. Y. Inf. Martin Benson. Enlisted' Sept., 1864, in the lS4th N. Y. Inf. Robert lilackman. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Silvanus Wilson. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the Art.; promoted sergt.; re-enlisted 1864. Elias Lagrange. Ezra Babcock. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Harrold Danks. Charles Mallory. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the lOlst N. Y. V.; re- enlisted in 1863 in the 40th N. Y. ; pro. to sergt. : wounded. James Donley. Enlisted .\ugust, 1864. in the 21st liat. Lewis De Bow. Enlisted September, 1864, in the 18llh N. Y. Inf.; died at home Oct. 1, 1876. Godfrey Fidler. Enlisted September, 1861, in the ISlth N. Y. Inf. John M. Carver. Enlisted September, 1862, in the 21st Art. Barney W. Voeder. Enlisted April, 1861, in the 24lh N. Y. V. : pro- moted to Corp.; then to 2ii sergt. ; wounded at 2d Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862: lay six days on the field without food or help. Byron IL Devendorf. Enlisted Sept., 1862, in the 21st N. Y. Bat. David Gregory. Enlisted Feb., 1861, in the ISOth N. Y. Inf. Horace Ladd. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Curtis A. Fargo. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. ; pro- moted to lieut. William Johnson. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. John Hewitt. Enlisted Oct., 1862, in the Flying Art. ; pro. to corp. Franklin Hewitt. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Lewis Bort. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. Charles F. Williamson. Enlisted Aug., 1362, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Earl Egleston. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Onias J. Nellis. Enlisted Aug., 1362, in the UOth N. Y. Inf.; ro- enlisted in the 95th Vt. as lieut. J. Wilson Burt. F.nlisted Feb. 1.3, 1864, in the 119th N. Y. Inf.; died at Nashville, July 20, 1864. George Burless. Enlisted Jan. 15, 1864, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. ; died at Camp Stoncman in 1864. Decatur Russel. Enlisteil May 23, 1862. in the U7lh N. Y. Inf.; pro. to sergt.; died Nov. 28, 1863, at N. Y., of wounds. Sylvester Lorin. Enlisted Jan. 7, 1804, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. ; died Jan. 13, 1864, at Washington. Austin Burrows. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf.; died Aug., 1863, near New Orleans, from sickness. Albert Avery. Enlisted in 1863, in the 24th 11. Art.; died August, 1864, at S.avage Station. Gilbert Devendorf. Enlisted in 1861, in the 24th N. Y. Inf.; killed Aug. 30, 1862. John Gillispie. Enlisted August, 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Jerry Pero. Enlisted February, 1.S64, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Henry Dudley. Enlisted February, 1864, in the 149th N. Y. Inf. Perry Case. Enlisted July, 1801, in the 1st N. Y. Cav.; re-enlistcd March, 1864; in Andersonvillc and Florence prisons ten months. Orrin Case. Enlisted Sept., 1862, in the 101st N. Y. Inf. ; re-enlisted in the lUth Regt. in 1864. Charles Case. Enlisted Sept., 1862, in the 21st Battery; sick and discharged ; died at Brcwerton while on his way home. Bardett Easton. Enlisted Sept., 1362, in the I47th N. Y. Inf. William Church. Enlisted Sept., 1364, in the 184th N. Y. Inf.; pro- moted 3d sergeant. Tyler Church. Enlisted Sept., 1804, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. John G. Smith. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 9th Art. Ashley Clapp. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Phillip Metzger. Enlisted Nov. 15, 1861, in the 101st N. Y. Inf. ; sergeant; transferred to 40th N. Y. Clinton Owens. Enlisted August, 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Jonathan Babeock. Enlisted August, 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Henry Davis. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Dc.vter Slosson. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 134th N. Y. Inf. George Hitt. Enlisted August, 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Ovid Johnson. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the 101st N. Y. Inf. John J. Craig. Enlisted .Sept., 1362, in the 149th N. Y. Inf. William Shrailer. Enlisteil Sept., 1862, in the lS4th N. Y. Inf. Franklin Shraikr. Enlist:'.! Feb., 1804, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. Warner Kcnyon. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. Newell .Smith. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 21st N. Y. Cav.; pro- moted sergeant; died Oct. 13, 1864, at Norfolk, Va. James Wilson. Enlisted Sept. 15, 1861, in the 101st N. Y. Inf.; wounded at Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. John Smith. Euliste.l Aug., 186'>, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. : kille.l at Port Hudson, June 14. 1363. Andrew Herrick. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 181th N. Y. Inf.; pro- moted corporal. Henry Runisey. Enl'd as cnpt., Sept., 1864. in the I8lth N. Y. Inf. Willis Aiken. Enlisted May. 1861. in the 24th N. Y. Inf. Albert Snow. Enl'd Sept., 1362, in the 149lh N. Y. Inf. ; wounded at Chancellorsville. May 4, 1363: clerk at Gen. Grant's headq'rs. Henry Came. Enlisted Sept., 1362, in the 149th N. Y. Inf. Jerry 0. Marron. Enlisted Dec. 1363, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. Eli Root. Enlisted Sept. 5, 1364, in the 13lth N. Y. Inf. Charles Root. Enlisted Sept. 5, 1861, in the 184lh N. Y. Inf. Wm. Ktter. Enl'd Aug. 13, 1362, in the 122d N. Y. Inf.; twice w'd. Aaron Sanders. Enlisted Aug. 30, 1862. in the 149th N. Y. Inf. Robert Beeby. Enlisted Feb., 1361. in the 149th N. Y. Inf. Geo. W. 'VVoodiu. Enl'd as eapl., Sept., 1861, in the 101st N. Y. Inf. ; ro-enlistod in the 184th, as 1st lieutenant, in 1864. 3G6 IILSTOKV OF OSWEUO COLMTl', MEW YOUK. rhns. K. (.'arillo. EnI'd aa rnpt., Fvb. 1 j. ISlil.in the 14iltb X. Y. Inf. Gfor>;e KiinchiT. Knli?U<(l ?*i'|>t., IJi'GI, in (be 2l»t Art. J. llorton Dcwcv. EulirtcU Auj;. 2U, 1SC2, in the lllUh N. Y. Inf. Ueurgo All. Enlitteil Sept., 18C2. in the U7th N. Y. Inf. JliiDiilton All. Kiilistcd Sqil., 181)2. in the 2l»t Art. (ieorge Cop. Enlistcil Sept. .i, 1.864, in the lH4th .N. Y. Inf. Charles Ilopkino. EulisteJ Auk. <>> 1^64, in ibc ItOth N. Y. Inf. Andrew lltinipbre;. Eulisleil An;;. 6, 18G4, in the IlOlb N. Y. Inf. Ale.\. Ilnnipbrcv. Enlistol Aug. B, 1804, in the llOih N. Y. Inf. Eilnaril W. Uuan. Enli.'ited Nov., 1801, in the 3a N. \'. Bat. Jacob Farringlon. Enlisted Sejit., 1864, in the 21iil Art. liarbrr Kenyon. Enlisted lu sergt., S«pl. 2U, 1861, in the 21x1 Art. ; promoted 2il lieut. Feb., 1863. Ilorarc Hurt. Enlisted Sept. I, 1804, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Nelson W. Dates. Enlisted as surgeon, .Ian. 17, 1S65, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. George S. MeAllistcr. Enlisted March, 186.1, in the 3d N. Y. Art. Dudley Winters. Enlisted teamster, Mar. 29, 1864, in the 149th N. Y', Inf. Lewis Kenney. EnI'd Sept. 5, 1862, in the 149lh N. Y. Inf.: prom. eorf)oraI at Fredericksburg. Samuel Wood. Enlisted Sept. 3, 1804, in the ISlth X. Y. Inf. .Tobn Mnnny. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Kobort Yincet. EnI'd Oct., ISe.l, in the 24th N. Y. Cav. ; wounded at Cold Harbor. Wni. Xiekerson. Enlisted Sept., 1S64, in the I84lb X. Y. Inf. Edward Xiikerson. Enlisted .Ian., 1863, in the 22il N. Y. Cav. Warren Harvey. Enlisted June 30. I86I, in the 24tb N. Y. Inf. Win. Kloek. Enlisted June 30, 1S62, in the I4'.>th N. Y. Inf. James Kellogg. Enlisted Feb., lSfi4, in the 24lhN. Y. Cav. John W. White. EnlM Sept. 1, 1864, in the ISIth X. Y. Inf. : inju'd. John F. While. EnlM Sept. 1, 1864, in the IS4th X. Y. Inf.; inju'd. Wm. Buckley. Enlisted Sept. 1, 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Amos Root. EnI'd Sept., 1803, in the loth N. Y. Cav.; pro. corp. Adelbort Gibson. Enlisted Deo., 1863, in the 24th N. Y. Car. Robert Priest. Enlisted Dec., 1863, in the 24th X. Y. Cav. ; died Jan., 1807, at Coughdenoy. Win. Priest. Enlisted Sept., 1S«4, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Giles S. Bradley. Enlisted .Sept., 1864, in the 184th N. Y. Inf. Arthur Chappolt. Enlisted Jan. 8, 1864, in the 184th N. \'. Inf.; pro. to Corp., then to sergt. Montgomery Fuller. EnI'd .S<'pt. 15, 1861, in the inlst X. Y'. Inf.; re-enlisted in the 40lh .V. Y., Aug., IS04. John Fidler. Enlisted Sept. 1, 1864, in the 184tb X. Y. Inf. Erie D. Ladd. Enlisted Aug. 10, 1862, in the I loth X. Y. Inf. John A. Perkins. Enlisteil Sept. 13, 1S6I. in the 101st N. Y. Inf. David Waterbury. Enlisted Sept.. 1S64, in the I.-<4lli N. Y. Inf.; re- enlisted in lOIst. Philip Waterbury. Enlisted Jan., 1864, in the 24lh N. Y. Cav. James Warn. Enlisted Feb., 1864, in the 24th X. Y. Cav. George Warn. Enlisted Feb., 1864. in the 24th X. Y. Cav.; re^'nl'd in 1861, in 24lh Cav. Robert Parker. Enlisted Sept., 1804, in the IS4tb X. Y. Inf. Nelson Damutt. Enlisted ."^cpt., 1861, in the I84lh .X. Y. Inf. Henry Dumutl. Enlisted Sept., 1S64, in the I84lb X. Y. Inf. Ira Woodward. I'liknown. Win. Tucker. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the Milth X. Y. Inf. Horates Bellows. Enlisted Sept. .'), 1864, in the 184th X. Y. Inf. Jacob Yunantwerp. Enlisted Sept. 5, 1864, in the IMlh N. V. Inf. George Campbell. Enlisted Sept. 5, 1864, in the 1811b X. Y. Inf. Orinan Eggleslon. Enlisted Aug., 1802, in the Iliitli .\. Y. Inf.: re-enlisled in 1864. Aaron Bellows. Enlisted Jan., 1804, in the 3d N. Y. .VrU Wm. Dean. Enlisted Jan., 1864, in the 21»t X, Y. Bat. Alvin Pierce. Enlisted Aug. », 1864, in the UOth N. Y. Inf.; di«d at Coughdenoy. Andrew Fargo. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 110th N. Y'. Inf. J. M. Barr. Enlisted Xov., 1801, in the 101st N. Y. lof. Andrew Stevens. Enlisted Deo. 18, 1863, in the 24th N. Y. Cav.: wounded before Ricliinond. Darius Chappell. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184th X. Y'. Inf. Lucius Worth. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the 184lh X. Y. Inf. Sheroy Ladd. Enlisted Jan., I86:t, in the 24th X. Y. Cav. George Perfield. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the llUth X. Y'. Inf. James Perfield. Enlisted Feb., 1804, in the 24th N. Y'. Cav. Constence .Soulhworlh. Enlisteil Feb., 1804, in the 14fllh N. Y. Inf.; lust an arm. Jay Sulsbiiry. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the IlOth X. Y. Inf. Malc2, at Chantilly battle-field. Alver Fanohir. Enlisted Aug. 11, lSfi2, in the 101st N. Y. V. ; died Dec. 2.1, 1S62, at Fortress Monroe. Gilbert Deveudorf. Enlisted in 1861, iu the 21th N. Y. ; wounded; missing. Alfred Parmenter. Enlisted August 7, 1862, in the UOth N. Y. Inf. ; died March II), 1801, at Tortugas. Stephen Young. Enlisted Aug., 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. ; died Oct. 30, 1863, at Baton Rouge. Joseph Chrisman. Enlisted Nov. 1861, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. ; died June 3, 1863, New Orleans. Martin Flowers. Enl'd Sept. la, 1861, in the 101st N. Y. Inf.; pro. to Corp. : died Sept. 22, 1862, at Douglas. Alexander Rushlow. Enlisted Feb. 12,1861, in the UOth N. Y. Inf.; died April 2, 1861, at Elmira. Ezra Hall. Enlisted 1861, in the 149th N. Y. Inf.; died June 8, 1865, at Savannah. Robert Shepherd. Enlisted August, 1862, in the llOth N. Y. Inf.; died Oct. l.i, 1863, at New Liberia. Edgar Waterbury. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the lOlstN. Y. Inf.; died August, 1862, at Harrison's Landing. Edwin Waterbury. Enlisted August, 1862, in (he 110th N. Y. Inf.; died July, 1863, at New Orleans. Mengo Ottman. Enlisted August, 1862, in the 110th N. Y. Inf. ; died March, 1863, at New Orleans. Isaac Waterbury. Enlisted Sept., 1861, in the 101st N. Y. Inf. ; cliud at Hastings, June, 1S62. Henry Ladd. Enlisted August, 1861, in the 101st N. Y. Inf.; died at Harrison's Landing, August, 1862. Lemuel Ladd. Enlisted May, 1861, in the 21th N. Y. Inf.; died at 1st Bull Run. Hiram Lincoln. Enlisted Sept., 1S61, in the ISlih N. Y. Inf., as ord. sergt. ; died on his way home. Irvin Carl. Enlisted Sept., 1864, in the ISlth N. Y. Inf. ; hospital steward; died on his way home. George Hoyt, Enlisted August, 1862, in the llOtb N. Y. Inf.; died in Louisiana. Henry Hopkins. Enlisted 1861, in the 21 .st N. Y. Battery; died in Louisian,a. Xte^ WEST MONROE. West Monroe was formed from Constantia March 21, 1839. It is situated upon the north shore of Oneida lake, southeast of the centre of the county. The southern por- tion of the town is (with the exception of a small tract upon the bank of the lake) a wild, swampy region, wholly unfit for cultivation. One of these marshes covers a sur- face of upwards of one thousand acres, a considerable por- tion of which produces cranberries. The northern part of the town is wild, broken, and stony, and is but thinly settled. The principal building stone is the red, or Medina, sand- stone, which crops out along the valleys. An iron ore has been discovered in the northern part of the town, and it is said th:it traces of lead and silver have also been found. The soil is a sandy loam, which sometimes produces good crops of wheat and corn, but is better adapted to grazing. Until the past few years there were two post-offices within the town. That at Union Settlement hiis been dis- continued, and the only one remaining is at West Monroe station, on the New York and Oswego Midland railroad, south of the centre of the town. The principal business of the inhabitants is that of lumbering. The first settlement was made in 1306, by Martin Owens, Abel Ames, Josi^ph B. Ames, Ebenezer Loomis, and Syl- vanus Allen. Martin Owens came from Fabius, Onondaga county, and located upon the farms now occupied by Mrs. Oyer and Mr. Julius Beardsley. Mr. Owens remained an inhabitant of West Monroe until the year 1847, when he moved to the State of Wisconsin, where he died a few years later. Abel Ames settled upon the farm owned at present by Mr. John Slocomb. He died in the town in the year 1844, leaving four sons, one of whom is still living. Joseph B. Ames w;is without a family; he lived with his brother Abel for a number of years. Ebenezer Loomis locat,«t-ofliec was established at T^nion Settlement. Mr. Silas Penoyer was appninted the first post- master, and retained the office during the sixteen years of its continuance. In 1840 the first church was built by the Presbyterians. It w:ls dedicated August 22, 184i(. Mr. Samuel Jjconard supplied the pnlpit for a number of years. During the next few ^-ears several mills were erected within the town, anil lumbering was extensively carried on. When the Relx-llion broke out West Monroe did her full share in furnishing men and means to suj)press it, and the feeling of the jieople is .shown by the resolutions which were passed at a special town-meeting held on the (itli day of September, 18C2. This, it will be remembered, was before any draft was ordered, and the bounty then provided for was oflFered merely out of a patriotic desire to furnish the due proportion of the town as speedily as possible. The resolutions were as follows : " H7if;/(i.<, It is the duty of the public and of loyal citi- zens to aflford every aid within their |K>\ver to sustain the general government in this her hour of peril ; to furnish our jiroportion of men and means to subdue an accursed rebellion which threatens to overthrow civil and religious liberty in our beloved country ; " A'(*j/ir. The village of West Monroe Wame a station on the road. We must not omit, however, to mention the first grist- mill in town, which consisted of a single run of stone, set in operation by Jlr. Alvin Raymond in the year 1875, for the purpose of grinding corn. It must not, however, be inferred that no grain was previously raised in West Mon- roe, but the town is narrow, and there are mills within easy reach on each side. TOWN OFFICERS. The first town-meeting was held on the 7th day of May, 1839, at the lii>use of James D. Spencer. The following is a list of the officers elected at that time: Supervisor, Ru.s.sel King; Assessors, Marcus I'atterson, Benjamin Spencer, Eleazer Slocum; Commissioners of High- ways, Horace Spencer, Azor Hoyt, Georjje GctD)uu ; Over- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 369 seers of the Poor, Edward Dundin, Abram Buskin ; Com- missioners of Schools, George C. Hoyt, Peter Phillips, Henry Stall ; Inspectors of Common Schools, Lucius Pat- terson, Benjamin G. Lewis, Joseph Shaw; Collector, Hiram Flining ; Constables, Hiram Flining, Solomon Ouer, David Baird, Abraham Merchant, Joel Merchant ; Justices, Joel Merchant, Willet Miller ; Surveyor, Augustus G. Jewell. The following is the succession of supervisors: 18.39- 40, Russel Kingston; in 1841-42, Philip Rea; 1843-44, Marcus Patterson; 1845-46, Philip Rea; 1847, Eleazer Slocum; 1848, Philip Rice; 1849, Avery Williams ; 1850- 51, Marcus Patterson; 1852-53, John F. Slocum ; 1854, Henry J.Jewell; 1855-56, Henry A.Baker; 1857-58, John F. Slocum ; 1859, Levi Stow, Jr. ; 1860, J. F. Slo- cum ; 1861, James A. Baker; 1862-63, Lucius L. Strick- land ; 1864-65, John F. Slocum ; 1866-67, Merritt Bur- gess ; 1868-72, John F. Slocum; 1873, John A. Webb; 1874, John F. Slocum; 1875, John A. Webb; 1876, J. W. Phillips; 1877, Merritt Burgess. Town Clerks. — In 1839— 40. there is no record of the election of a clerk. In 1841-42, Samuel Atherton was chosen; in 1843-45, William Hurlbert ; 1846, Avery Williams; 1847, Henry J. Jewell ; 1848, Avery Williams; 1849, William Hurlbert; 1850-51, John F. Slocum; 1852-53, Abram Moyer ; 1854, Joel Merchant; 1855, Abram Moyer; 1856, E. Slocum; 1857-60, James A. Baker ; 1861-63, Henry E. Miller ; 1864, John W. Sperry ; 1865, Henry A. Baker; 1866, A. C. Ingersoll ; 1867-69, Daniel L. Sweet; 1870, Henry Sweet; 1871, Daniel L. Sweet; 1872, Charles B. Smart; 1873, 0. F. B. Drusdin ; 1874, Wm. Ostrum; 1875, Wm. Rea; 1876-77, Charles Notgrass. The following is a list of the present officiTS of the town : Supervisor, Merritt Burgess; Town Clerk, C. H. Notgrass; Justices of the Peace, J. 0. Shelton, J. E. Sperry, Adam Farr; Highway Commissioner, C. W. Pettit; Assessors, Henry Greenslit, Charles Smith, W. N. Burgin ; Overseer of the Poor, James Hooker ; Collector, Charles Jewell ; Inspectors of Election, F. B. Ingersoll, Silas H. Green, Heury Carter ; Town Auditors, Solomon Gurver, Henry R. Hcndiix, Ephraim Fuller; Constables, Joseph Reyo, Merrit Raymond, Peter Coleman, Fluvus Rice; Game Con- stable, John Judge ; Commissioners of Excise, Adam Moyer, Merritt Burgess, George Aletzhurer. The population of West Monroe at various periods has been as follows: In 1840, 918; in 1850, 1197 ; in 1860, 1416; in 1870, 1304; in 1875, 1321. The strength of political parties at four successive presi- dential elections was thus manifested by the respective can- vasses: In 1860, Republican 159, Democratic 111; in 1864, Republican 115, Democratic 134; in 1868, Repub- lican 128, Democratic 136; 1872, Republican 124, Demo- cratic 129. MILITARY RECORD OF WEST MONROE. Frederick .'Mlciiiiiiin. Knli:jtcn the expiration of his term of enlistment. Wm. II. .Merchant. Enlisted in the 2d Bai., Oct. 28, 1863; died at Atlanta hospital, Sept. .1, '64, of sickness acfjuired in the service. James Megneny. Enlisted in the 10th Kogl., Aug. 2:i, 1804. Adoin Miller. Enlisted in the QTth Kegt., Aug. 2, 1861 ; discharged upon the surgeon's certificate of sickness. James K. 1'. Miller. Enlisted in the 147tb Kegt., Aug. 21, 1S62; died at Belle Plain, Va., April 1, 1863. William A. .Miller. Enlisted in the 44tb Kegt., Aug. 7, 18GI ; died at .Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1803. (Icorge Morgan. Enlisted in the 24tli Cav., January 4, 1864. Thomas W. .Morrison. Enlisted in the 2d II. Art., Dec. 19, 1863; died ut City Point, Va., June 26, 1864, of sickness acquired in the service. Alphcus N. Narcott. Enlisted in the 184th Rcgt., Sept. 3, 1864. Henry J. Nntkins. Enlisted in the 13th Rcgt., Oct. 4, 1861. John A. Nihil. Enlisted in the 184lh Regt., Sept. 15, 1864. Martin I'. IMiillips. Enlisted in a Syracuse regiment, .Vug. I, 1861; dischargcfl upon the surgeon's certificate of sickness, after six- teen months in the service. Daniel Pierce. Enlisted in the 1841b Regt, Sept. 5, 18S4. Joseph Piggy. Enlisted in the 16th Kegt., January 15, 1863; died at Wilson's Lnn prisoner of war. Oliver P. Tabor. Enlisted in the 14lh Kegt., August 13, 1861 ; discb. upon the expiration of his term of enlistment. Adelberl Taylor. Enlisted in Ibo 22d Cav., Dec. 19, 1863. Abraham Trimo. Enlisted in the 184th Kegt., Sept. 9, 1864. Levi Volley. Enlisted in a Wisconsin Regt., Sept. 5, 1864. James Warnes. Enlisted in the 8l8t Regt., Dee. 10. 1861; died at Fair Oaks, Va.. of wounds received in battle. B. N. Watson. Enlisteil in the 13th U. Art., February, 1864; pro. to corporal. Wm. York. Enlisted in the 1st Regt., Feb. 27, 1864. BOYLSTON. It was not until tlic .'^prinj; of 1812 that the forests of Bojlston rung with tlie wnodiuan's axe, it being llie last town in the county to be settled, except Albion, which was ofciijiii'd the same year. The first pioneers of Boylston were Joliii Wart, of Cherry valley, and Michael Sweetnian, of Montgomery county, who, unknown to each other, both came, by the inevitable ox-sled conveyance of that era, about the same time. Mr. Wart, however, arrived two days the earliest, and was consequently the very first settler of Hoylston. Though he was already a married man, he is still living, and remembers well the events of that period, and it is from his lijis that we have received a large part of the early history of the town. Wart and Swectinan both located in the nurtliwestern part of the present towti of IJoylstoii, wiiich w;is then a part of Itichlaiid. It was more particularly designated a.s sur- vey-township No. 6, of the Boylston tract, and on the sur- vey maps it was also Killed Campania. Mr. Sweetmaii liuilt his cabin close by the site of the present residence of William Wart, and Mr. Wart established himself half a mile farther east. U]i into Lorraine it wius two miles to jinother hou.se, and a like distaiKo west into Ellisburg. To i the sciutliwjird nearly ten miles of forest frowned between the two hardy j)ioneers and the settlements of Orwell, while on the east tlie oaks and hemlocks stretched in an unbroken uiass to tlie distant valley of Black river. I The war of 1812 broke nut immediately after the arrival of the piiincers, immigration ceiused, and for two years the two families remained alone in the wilderness, with the ex- ception of a man named (Jordon, who lived a part of the time in the vicinity. Mr. Wart's oldest son, — Alonzo, — born on the 12th of December, 1812, was the first child born in town, and as lie only survived until February, 1814, he bad al.so the unfortunate celebrity of being the earliest victim of death. Mr. Wart and Mr. Sweeltnan both hastened down to Ellis village at the time of the capture of the British force near there, as related in the general history, and both turned out in arms for the defense of Sackett's Harbor; so it can be truly .said that the whole adult male population of Boyls- ton served as .xoldiers in the war of 1812. In 1814 one more citizen was added, by the name of Rhodes Streeter. In 1815 there was a heavy immigration, consisting of four families: those of Peter AVells, Martin Lillie, John F. Dean, and Asa B. Copeland. Tlie.se .settled near where Boylston church ( Methodist Protestant) now stands. Of all their members Mrs. Lillie is the sole survivor now in Boylstiin ; she lives close to the .•^pot where she came with her youtig husbaiul over sixty-two years ago, and near the stream the waters of which flowed over their ox-sled as they nnide their way lo their homi; in the wilderness. Morris Warl, a young brother of John, came in 1816, living with HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 371 him a while, and then locating in the same neighborhood. He, too, has fcurvived till 1877 the perils and toils of pio- neer and farmer life. In most of the towns we have not given the names of early settlers subsequent to the war of 1812, but Boylston was settled so late that the pioneer era extended far past that time. Among those who located in town from 1816 to 1822 were Andrew Bortles, George HufTstater, Joseph Shoecraft, Matthew Shoecraft, Peter Barga, Jacob Wied- rich, Peter Huffstater, Jesse Blue, and Jacob, Reuben, Henry, Jonathan, and Abram Snyder. It is easy to see fiom their names that they were of German descent, and they were mostly substantial farmers from the valley of the Mohawk. Those first named settled near the site of the Methodist Protestant church, and thence southward. The Snyrlers were still farther south towards Orwell. Elisha Stevens also settled in the Snyder neighborhood as early as 1822. As soon as 1817 the half-dozen families then in town determined to have a school-house. They built a log one, and covered it with bark, near the site of the church before referred to. Teachers were then paid principally by the parents of the pupils. There were not enough of these to support a teacher, but the unmarried men of the settlement agreed to contribute for the families they ought to have had, and thus a sufficient amount was raised to hire Polly Allport to teach the first school in Boylston. In that year, also, township No. 6, which had previously been a part of Richland, was set off into Orwell on the for- mation of that town. Mr. Wart was appointed one of the justices of Orwell the same year, being the first who held that office in the present town of Boylston. As such he married the first couple wedded in town, viz., Jonathan Snyder and a Miss Stevens. There had previously, however, been a Boylston couple (Samuel Wells and Betsey Gordon) united in the silken bonds of matrimony, but they went east to have the knot tied. In 1822, Reuben Snyder built the first saw-mill in Boylston. It was on Sandy creek, near the west line of the town. By 1824 there was a fringe of settlement all along the west side, but the central and eastern portions of the towp were still a dense forest, where the bear and the deer roamed at will, frequently visiting the neighborhood of the settlers' cabins. Our venerable friend, Mr. Wart, recounts how, when out in the woods, one day, with a dog but witliout a gun, he came on the track of a big buck. Following it up in the deep snow, he soon brought the animal to bay. The dog ran back to the protection of his master. The latter struck the buck over the head with a stick, which broke with the blow. Wart sprang upon the deer and attempted to hold him down in the snow, while calling to John F. Dean, who was near, to come and cut the animal's throat. But the buck reached up a hind leg and struck Wart on the head, cutting him to the bone and knocking him sev- eral feet away. The deer made a few bounds, but soon stuck fast in the snow again. With the blood streaming over his face from his wound, the mark of wiiioh he still carries. Wart sprang astride his wearied opponent and held him until Dean came and cut his thioat. But the most noticeable event in the hunting line of which the veteran pioneer has to tell occurred when, in one of those early summers, the labors of the hay-field were diversified by the slaughter of three bears in a single after- noon. A man drove them into trees near where Mr. Wart was at work. A little crowd quickly gathered. Two of the animals were speedily shot from the trees in which they had taken refuge. The third, ensconced in the thick bushes, evaded the marksman's bullet ; so the tree was felled, and the poor fellow was pounded and dogged to death as soon as he struck the ground. Notwithstanding the primitive nature of the country, the people thought they could afford a new town. Accordingly, on application to the legislature that body passed an act on the 7th of February, 1828, forming the town of Boylston with the same boundaries as the old survey-township No. 6, otherwise called Campania. The following were the first officers elected : Supervisor, John Wart; Town Clerk, Jcseph Shoecraft; Assessors, Jesse Colman, Matthew Shoecraft, Barnabas Porter ; Commissioners of Highways, Daniel Chase, Peter Wells, Zaben Cole ; Overseers of the Poor, Thomas Dutcher, Martin Lillie ; Collector, Henry D. Pruyn ; Constables, Henry D. Pruyn, Philip A. Bortles ; Commissioners of Common Schools, John Wart, John Dunbar, Jr., Reuben Snyder ; Inspectors of Common Schools, Miller R. Larmouth, Peter Wells, Philip A. Bortles. It will be seen that it was somewhat difficult to fill up the official list, as not less than four of the worthy citizens were required to occupy two offices each. Even after the formation of the new town settlers frequently fastened a bag of grain to the yoke of their cattle and carried it to Sandy Creek to mill, and sometimes, in low water, nearly to Adams, Jefferson county. About 1830 a small grist-mill was built in Boylston, but it was not very valuable nor very enduring. At the town-meeting in 1830 the sum of forty dollars was voted for the support of the poor. Cattle were declared free commoners, but hoi"ses, sheep, and hogs were denied the privileges involved in that appellation. The height of a lawful fence was fixed at the very moderate elevation of four feet, — a demoralizing temptation even to the best regu- lated animals. It was raised, however, two years later to four feet and a half Up to 1850 settlement was confined almo.st entirely to the western half of the town, and even there progress was slow and painful. But after the rough land was once thoroughly reduced to subjection it was found that some very good grazing farms could be made on the Boylston hills, and the population began to increase. People sought the eastern portion. After numerous saw-mills had devoured the tim- ber, settlers resolutely opened farms there and renewed the scenes of pioneer life. During the last twenty years more ground has probably been cleared up in Boylston than in any other town in the county. In 1856 a Wesleyan Methodist church was erected near the line of Sandy Creek, south of the centre of Boylston, and in 1869 the Methodist I'rotestants built one in the northwest part of the town. A few years ago Abraham Snyder opened a store between the two churches, but it was subse([uenlly discontinued. 372 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. Fanning and lumbering constitute substantially tbe whole business of tbe town. There is a large eheese-factorv cliise to the Wesleyan Methodist church. J. P. Smart & Son have a saw-mill near the centre of the town, and tbe locality is known as Sniart.'i' Mills. IJesides this, there are tbe stave- niill of Ira Service and the ,saw-niill of Weaver, a mile nortbea.«t of the Snyder store, tbe saw- and shingle- mill of Ransom Tanner, two miles cast of the Snyder store, and three large steam saw-mills in tbe northeast part of tbe town. Even to this day Boylston possesses many characteristics of primeval times. Though tbe deer have all been driven east of Black river, yet it is nq very unusual thing for a bear to stray from the forests of Lewis county among the farms of Boylston. Tbis very summer of 1877 one made his leisurely way from the eiLstern line past the centre of the town. His presence being suspected, a spring gun was set for bim. Bruin .seized the bait, and a bullet through his shoulder was the result. Smarting and crippled, he trudged on westward, but the Philistines were on bis track. Men and boys gathered fast to the sport, and the fugitive was overtaken and slain ju.st east of tbe main road, which runs north and .south through the town, less than a mile from the line of Sandy Creek. Yet looking from that road westward the traveler this same summer sees nothing to remind him of bears or wolves. A finer prospect is rarely displayed beneath a cloud- less sun. The whole of tbe town of Sandy Creek, and parts of Kllisbnrg and Richland, are in sight at once, composed of hundreds of wi'll-cultivatcd fields, dotted with white farm-houses, and relieved with gleaming groves. Be- yond, seeming hardly three miles away, but actually almost ten, the long, narrow, lainl-lockcd bay, known as Sandy Creek pond, sparkles brightly in the sunlight. A dark, slender line separates it from the lake, which spreads far away into the distance, a mxss of molten silver tipped with gold. Distance lends enchantment to tbe view of both lake and land, and if beautiful prospect,s took precedence over corn and cheese, Boylston might outrank all the rest of the county. THE KIKST WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH OF BOYLSTON. The records arc imperfect, but, as near as can be ascer- tained, this church was first organized in tbe year 1845. For -many years there was no settled pastor. Daniel Cal- kins, Looniis ("base, Daniel llollis, and Jaml^s Francis offi- ciated fur brief periods at various times. In 1856 a small church edifice was erected in Boylston, but only a few rods from the line of Sandy Creek. Thoneeforward the pulpit was most of the lime regularly supjilied. In 1859, Matthew Presler was tbe pastor; in 1860-62, Edward Halscy; in 18G3, Sybrant Nelson ; in 1864, A. P. Burgess'; in 1865, Alon/.o Fassett; in 1866, R. Barton; in 1867-69, J. P. Pierce; in 1870-72, Elijah Gaylord ; in 1873-75, J. M. Waite. For a year there were no regu- lar services. The pulpit was then occupied by the present pastor. Rev. Harvey Barnes. There arc now seventy-one members of (he churcli, and the Sabbath-school connected with it contains about the same number. Tbe present church officers are : Clas.s- leader, Ira Van Auken ; Asinstant Class-leader, Ellery Crandall ; Clerk, J. K. ("randall ; Stewards, F. W. Slater, Mrs. F. W. Slater, A. Sebermerhorn, Mrs. A. Schcrmer- horn, Hiram Getty, A. W. Miller, L. J. Baker; Truste<'s, John H. Hastings, S. E. Carpenter, Joseph Crosman, J. L. Bortles, Henry Lester. NORTH BOYLSTON CIRCUIT (METHODIST PROTESTANT). Tbis circuit was set off from the Boylston an>i Orwell circuit in 1868. Previous to that time meetings had been held for a long time at tbe school-house near the present church. Rev. Messrs. Becker, Cook, Huff, and others offi- ciated as pa.stors from time to time. The circuit organized in 1868 consisted of one cla.ss in Boylston and one in Lor- raine, Jefferson county. In 1869 a small but well-appointed church edifice was erected in the northwest part of the town, tbe pulpit of which has since been regularly .supplied. The pastors of the circuit since its separate organiziition have been Charles Wiedrich, three years; Snell, one year; II. L. Bowen, one year; Peter Daley, one year; T. Prindle, one 3'ear; M. F. Cutler (the present pastor), two years. There are now about fifty-si.K members of the .Methodist Protestant church in this circuit within the town of Boylston. The following are the present officials resident in that town : Stewards, Geo. W. Hudd, Nelson L. Williams, Cal- vin Williams, Leonard R. lluffsiatcr; Trustees, N. L. Wil- liams, John A. Oderkirk, Hiram D. Rudd, Tunis Gordon, Christopher J. Huffstater. The Boylston and Orwell circuit of the same denomina- tion has three classes in town, and two in Orwell. Those in Boylston hold their meetings respectively at the Van Auken sehool-hou.se. the " hemlock school-house," and at Smart's Mill.?. They have no church edifice. Tbe present pastor of the circuit is tbe Rev. Mr. Gaskell, who resides at Smart's Mills, but we have not been able to obtain any further data regarding it. Supervisors of Boylston. with years of service. — John Wart, 1828-29; Joseph Shoeeraft, 1830-35; Henry Sny- der, 1836-37 ; Joseph Shoeeraft, 1838 ; John Wart, 1839-40; Jacob V. Gordon, 1841-43; Joseph Shoeeraft, 1844; Jacob V. Gordon, 1845; Danii'l Shoeeraft, l.S4(;- 48; James Lowry, 1849-50; Azariah Wart, 1851-52; Abraham Snyder, 1853-54; Azariah Wart, 1855-56; Joseph L. Bortles, 1857-58; Henry J, Snyder, 1859-60; James Lowry, 1S61 ; Henry J. Snyder, 1862; Christo]iher J. Huffstater, 1863-64; Joseph S. Bortles, 1865-66; Henry Lester, 18(!7-7(l; David Hamer, 1871-72; Henry Lester, 1873 ; John Oderkirk, 1.S74-75 ; George W. Rudd, 1876-77. Town Clerks of Boylston, with years of service. — Jos. Shoeeraft, 1828-29; John Kthcridge, 1830; Reuben Sny- der, 1831; John Wart, 1832; Moses Snyder, 18.33; Miller R. Larmoutb, 1834; Henry Snyder, 1835; James Wart, 1836; Miller R. Larmoutb, 1837; James Wart, 1838; Joseph Shoeeraft, 1S39-40; Daniel Williams, 1841-42; Jacob CoppernoU, 1843—15; Lyman Moore, 1846-47; Thurston Baxter, 1848; Turner Lillie, 1849; J. \. (Jorilon, 1850; Lyman Moore, 1852; Joseph L. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 373 Bortles, 1853-54; J. V. Gordon, 1855-56; Abraham Snyder, 1857-58; Lewis D. Cuminings, 1859-60; Reu- ben Pruyn, 1861-62 ; Francis Shoeeraft, 1863 ; Luther J. Baxter, 1864; Reuben Pruyn, 1865; Lyman J. Baker, 1866-67 ; Ira Cummings, 1868-70 ; Lewis D. Cummings, 1871; Ira Cummings, 1872; Wilham A. Snyder, 1873- 74; Adam Coppernoll, 1875-76; Lyman J. Baker, 1877. Tlie present officers of Boylston are as follows : Super- visor, Geo. W. Rudd ; Town Clerk, Lyman J. Baker ; Justices of the Peace, Aaron Fuller, Potter Soule, Orrin Stowell, John Phelps; Assessors, Wm. H. Presley, Nor- man Wart, David Brown; Commissioners of Highways, Ellery Crandall, Sylvester Hathaway, Elijah Rowe ; Col- lector, Vincent Belong; Town Auditors, Abram Snyder, J. L. Bortles, and William Keeney ; Inspectors of Elec- tion, Frank W. Snyder, Barn um •Ostrum, Jacob Oderkirk ; Constables, Joseph Crandall, Wm. Cummings, Charles Ful- ler, Barnum Ostrum, Wm. Flanders ; Game Constable, C. W. Smart; Commissioners of Exci.se, Solomon Finster, Ira Van Auken, Alfred Schermerhorn ; Overseer of the Poor, Roswell Rudd. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. MILITARY RECORD OF BOYLSTON. WILLIAM WART was born in Boylston, September 4, 1819, at which time Boylston was a part of Orwell township. His parents removed from Otsego county, New York, and settled in the northwest corner of what is now the township of Boylston. They were among the first settlers of the township. Mr. Wart was the eldest son of eight children, and lived with his Aither up to nineteen years of age. In 1847 he pur- chased eighty-six acres of land where his present home is. He was married July 4, 1847, to Margaret Dingman, daughter of John Dingman, a resident of Boylston. They moved intcj their home March 23, 1848. One son and one daughter were born to them, — Wm. Franklin and Emma- gene. The son married Hattie Worlie, of Otsego county, and the birth of a daughter gave a great-grandchild in the house, — four generations under one roof. Mr. Wart has added to his lands until he is the owner of two hundred and fifty-four acres in the home-farm, and seventy-four in the east part of Boylston. His home is finely situated on an eminence commanding an extensive view of the surrounding country and of Lake Ontario. Mr. AVart has always taken pride in raising and keeping good stock. Two span of horses, one owned by himself and one by his son, and sired by a stallion (Little Mackj owned by him, are among the finest in the country. Mr. Wart has always been a Democrat, voting fur Martin Van Buren in 1840, and has not missed voting at any presidential election since. Though not a member of any religious denomination, he has always responded with his share of means to their support. AflFectionate and kind in his family, a genial companion, no one would be more missed from his neighborhood than would William Wart. Robert Bush. Enlisted in the 184th Inf., Sept., ISC-t; disch. in sum- mer of 1865. Otis J. Hor. Enlisted in the 35th Inf., Jan. 1, 1861 ; re-enlisted in 1st Vet. Cav., Aug. 16, 1863; promoted to corporal; discharged in summer of 1865. Smith T. Calkins. Enlisted in the 110th Art., Aug. 16, 1862; dis- charged in the summer of 1865. Jacob Haford. Enlisted in the lS6th Inf., Aug. 24, 1864 ; discharged in summer of 1865. John easier. Enlisted in the 10th Art., Aug. 16, 1862; discharged in 1865. Henry Hor. Enlisted in the 35th Inf., Jan. 1, 1861 ; re-enlisted Feb. 21, 1864; discharged in 1S65. John A. Wait. Enlisted in the 24tli Inf., Nov. 17, 1861. Turner Little. Enlisted in the 94th Inf., Nov. 19, 1861; discharged in 1864. James McDaniels. Enlisted in the 110th Inf., Aug. 25, 1862 ; .re- signed October, 1863. Peter Cogan. Enlisted in the 16th Art., Jau. 15, 1864 ; discharged in the summer of 1865. Thomas Allen. Enlisted in the I57th Inf., Aug. 17, 1862 ; discharged in the summer of 1865. George Smith. Enl'd in the 147th Inf., Sept. 2.3, 1862; dis. during the summer of 1865. Wm. Barzy. Enlisted in the 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; dis. in the fall of 1S65. Alpheus Bridgway. Enl'd in 147th Inf., Sept. 23, '62 ; dis. Aug., '64. Edward W. Cook. Enlisted in the 75th Inf., Oct. 8, 1861 ; re-enlisted Jan. 7, 1864; dis. in the summer of 1865. J. W. Snyder. Enlisted in the 184th Inf., Sept. 16, 1864; dis. in the summer of 1865. Chas. De Long. Enlisted in the 184th Inf., Sept. 16, 1864; dis. in summer of 1865. Wm. McDougall. Enlisted in the 184th Inf, Sept. 16, 1864; dis. in the summer of 1865. Abraham Schemerhorn. Enlisted in the 110th Inf., Aug. 25, 1862 ; dis. in the summer of 1865. David Brown. Enlisted in the UOth Inf., Aug. 25, 1862; dis. in the summer of 1865. George E. Porter. Enlisted in the 184th Inf., Sept. 16.1864; dis- charged in the summer of 1865. De Witt Comstock. Enlisted in the lS4th Inf., Sept. 16, 1864; dis- charged in 1865. Vincent De Long. Enlisted in the 24th Inf., Aug. 17, I86I ; wounded at Antietam ; discharged Nov., 1862. Lewis Cummins. Enlisted in the 147th Inf., Sept. 23. 1862; dis- charged Aug., 1863. Calvin Williams. Enlisted in the llOlli Inf., Aug. 25, 1862; dis- charged Nov., 1863. Charles Warlott. Enlisted in the UOth Inf., Aug. 25, 1862: dis- charged Sept., 1863. Lyman J. Baker. Enlisted in the 75tli Inf., Oct. 8, 1861 ; rc-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864; discharged in summer of 1865. D. A. Snyder. Enlisted in the llOlh Inf., Aug. 25, 1862; discharged in the summer of 1865. Wm. A. Snyder. Enlisted in the 184th Inf., Sept. 16, 1864; dis- charged in 1865. James Bridgway. Enlisted in the lS4th Inf., Sept. 16, 1864; dis- charged in the summer of 1865. Luther Ba.\ter. Enlisted in the 184th Inf., Sept. 10, 1864; dis- charged in summer of 1865. Theodore Woodrulf. Enlisted in 193(1 Inf., March 16, 1865; dis- charged in summer of 1865. David McDoug.all. Enlisteil in the 110th Inf., Aug. 25, 1862; disch. in summer of 1865. Stephen Baker. Enlisted in the lUth P.i. Uegt.. Sept. 29, 1861 ; lost his right arm in battle near Atlanta, tia. ; res. in spring of 1863. David Uamer. Enlisted in the 24tli Inf., May 24, 1861 ; prom, to orderly; disch. in fall of 1863. Jacob 0. Bartlclt. Enlisted in the lOtb Art., Sept. 1, 1862; disch. iu summer of 1863. 374 H18TUK1' OF OSWEUO COrNTV, NEW VOllK. William Averjr. Enliiitcd in IIk- lutli Arl., Si-pl. 10, 18S2; disch. in summer of 1865. Jcasc Tanner. Kuliated in the lS4lb Inf., Sept. 16,1804: discli. in summer of 1865. Zapkett Cubhy. Enlisted in the 2Uth Cuv. Amarab Cobby. Enlisted in the 1 ITlh Inf., .Sept. 2.'t, 1862. James Uunt. Enlisted in the 184th Inf., Sept. 16,1862; disch. in summer of 1865. Elijah Van .\nbim. Enlisted in the I4Ttb Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 : disch. in 1805. Ira Van Anbim. Enlisted in the 184tb Inf., Sept. 16, 1864 ; diseb. in summer of 1865. Jerome R. Ostrum. Enlisted in the 1 17th Inf., Aug. 20, 1862; disch. in June, 1805. Jas. More. Enlisted in the 24lb Cav., Jau. 4, 1804; prom, to corp. ; disch. in the summer uf 1865. Do Witt C. More. EnliKted in 40th Inf., Aug. 25, 1802. Lewis Foster. Enl'd in lS4th Inf., Sept. 10, 1S02: disch. in summer of 1805. Byron More. Enl'd in llu- lllllh Inf., .\ug. 25, 1802; disch. in sum- mer of 1805. Wm. II. Unimer. Enl'd in the Olst Inf., Oct. 1, 1801 ; ro-enl'd Dec. 0, 1863: disch. in summer of 1865. Oeo. W. Kugers. Enl'd in the 2il Cav., Sept. 7, 1864; disch. in sum- mer of 1865. Geo. E'Igett. Enl'd in the llUth Inf., Aug. 25, 1802; dis. Feb., 1864. Jerome Eldriilgc. Enlisted in the lUtb Art., Dec. 24, 1803; killed near Petersburg, July 13, IS04. (jreorgr siller. Enlisted in the llOth Regt, Aug. 18, 1862; died at Baton Kouge, La., :^ept. 23, 1863, uf sickness aci|uired in the service. Peter Dougall. Enlisted in the llOlh Kegt, Aug. 18, 1862; died at Baton Kouge, La., April 20, 1863. ! John Tanner. Enlisted in the 147tk Kegt., Aug. 23, 1862: died while a prisoner at .\udersiiuville, Feb. 18. 1865. David Chase. Enlisteaiiit\il Way Jilorij; the ."scaicely-npenfd State road tliroiigii Ked'ield and Boyiston. Arriving at a point which, as near as he could judge, was about opposite the ideality he sought, one of iheni, William Skinner, ])laiigi;d into the pathless forest and made his way with infinite difficulty to the bank of Sandy creek, at the upper end uf the present village of Lacona. The other, Stephen Lindsay, went through Ellisburgh, where there were already a few settlements, but finally located on the flat in the extreme northwest corner of the present town of Sandy Cieek, about half a mile from the great pond which occu- pies the western ])art of that town. Sandy Creek w;is then a part of the town of Mexico, in the county of Uneida. It was also a part of the survey- town.ship of " Rhadamant" (or No. 1(1), in the Boylston tract, and was the property of the heirs of William Con- stable, among whom H. B. Picrrcpont was the principal. Mr. iSkinner Wii.s a man of considenible property for those times, and had taken up four hundred acres of land on the fertile shores of Sandy creek. One of his house- hold w;is an adopted son, Levi Skinner, then five years old, but who ha.s now reached the good old age of .seventy-nine, and is uiKjUcstionably the earliest surviving resident of .Sandy Creek, though for a long time he has lived just over the line, in Elllsbnrij;. He is still active about his bu.-^i- i ■less; his memory goes buck readily l<> the time of his first arrival in the former town, and in a long interview lie gave us many interesting facts regarding that period. Two young men, n;inn'd Moreton and Butler, who, if married, were not accoinjianied by their families, came with William Skinner, and lived with him all summer, though engaged in clearing land for themselves which they had taken up. Skinner had hired men engaged in the same occupation for him. He was a free liver, and they all seem to have had a pretty jolly time through the pioneer sum- mer. The creek was alive with .s])eckled trout, and game, of course, was plenty all around. As the stream was hardly deep enough for bathing purposes, the men built a d;ini across it, between where the vilhiges of Lacona and S;indy Creek now st;ind, so as to have a pond to swim in. Mr. Skinner bought Jloreton out iu the fall, and the latter and Butler both returned to Augusta, Oneida county, whence all the e:irliest settlers came. .^Ieallwhile, Mr. Lind.say's daughter Eunice, a girl of twelve or thirteen years, had sickened and died during that first summer, being the first dc:ith in the present town of Sandy Creek. In the spring of 1804 Joseph Ilurd and Elias Howe came from Augnst:i, atid settled on .*>andy creek below Skinner. Ilurd bought out Butler's claim. A Mr. Noyes and a Mr. Robinson also located themselves in the vicinity that year, and a Mr. Knickerbocker settled about that time some three miles northeast of Lacona. That summer Skinner :ind Ilurd built the first .sawmill in the present HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY. NEW YOKK. 375 town of Sandy Creek. It was then Willianistown, that town having been set oft' from Mexico on tlie 24th of March, 1804, with boundaries which included the whole northeastern part of what is now Oswego County, excepting the town of Redfield. Immigration continued even in midwinter, for in Febru- ary, 1805, Laura Hurd came to town, — beiiig the first white cliild born within its limits. She is still living, being a resident of Peoria, Illinois. The 7th of the next May the second child, Polly, daughter of Elias Howe, was born. She, too, still survives, being now the venerable widow of Pardon Earl, Esq., and a resident of Mannsville, Jefferson county. That spring George Harding located in the same neigh- borhood. With him came his daughter Pamelia, a girl of fourteen, now Mrs. Pamelia Eobbius, over whose head eighty-seven winters have passed since she became a resi- dent close by the .spot where she now lives. She, too, is remarkably clear in memory, and corroborates Mr. Skinner's statements. When she came the elder Mr. Skinner, who was a somewhat unstable person, Iiad bought some land in Ellisburg, and was moving back and forth between the two places. His adopted son says he moved seven or eight times in the course of two years. Finally, however, in 1807 or 1808, he sold his Sandy Creek farm to Peter Whiteside, and took up his permanent residence in Ellis- burg. There was now quite a little settlement on the creek, and clearing went on rapidly. John Meacham, Simon Meacham, and Ephraim Brewster settled in the south part of the town, close to the present Bichland line, making the first opening in the forests of that locality. Jnme.s Hiiiman came to the Sandy Creek neighborhood in 1805 or 1806, and in the latter year built the first grist-mill in town. In the spring of 1806 Pamelia Robbinsand Betsey Hurd learned that Mrs. Knickerbocker was lying sick with con- sumption alone in the woods three miles distant. Pamelia was fifteen, and Betsey about the same age. Anxious to afford help and sympathy to the suffering woman, the two brave girls went on foot to her bedside through the dark forest, in which the wild beasts still roamed in numbers. She felt cheered by their visit, and most grateful for it, but consumption had laid its deadly hand upon her, and in June she .slept the sleep of death. A minister was sent for from a long distance, probably from Redfield, and a sermon was preached over her, being the first ever delivered in town, unless one was preached at the burial of Eunice Lindsay. Mrs. Robbins remembers the noticeable circumstance that in June of each of three successive years there was a death in the locality, and no others occurred within her kncjwl- edge. That of Mrs. Knickerbocker was in 180G, that of Mrs. Elias Howe in 1807, and that of a Mr. Brown in 1808. On each of these occasions a funeral sermon was preached, and the.se were all the sermons heard in town during that time. After that Elder Osgood, a Baptist, Elder Bishop, a Methodist, and otlier itinerant preachers, vi.sited the locality at long intervals. The first marriage in the present town took place in the Meacham neighborhood in 1806, between Henry Pattci-son and Lucy Meacham. In that year, also, Mr. Simon Meacham opened the first tavern in town, and kept a few goods, which constituted the first similitude of a store. The first school was taught by Mrs. Bobbins' sister, Mamrie Harding, in the winter of 1806 and 1807. There was no school-house, and she taught in a room of her father's house. The next fall (that of 1807) a log school- house was built at Lacona, and Mrs. Robbins mentions that she, and her children, and her grandchildren, have all attended at a house on the same site. Simon Hadley and Clark Wilder, both young, unmarried men, came in 1806, and opened clearings on the creek road west of the village ; and doubtless there were many others in various parts of the town, whose names have been washed away by the tides of time. Jabcz Baldwin settled three miles west of the village in 1809. John Pierce and Daniel Ackcrnian came to the same locality about the same time. Amasa Carpenter, who came about the same period, was one of the early schoolmasters. His brother Asa, who came a little later, located two or three miles southeast of the village. He has been for nearly half a century the clerk of the Congregational church at Sandy Creek, and still takes an active interest in its welfare. P. T. Titus came in 1810, by way of Orwell, and settled about three miles southeast of the village. He helped build the " Ridge road," and soon after located upon it, where his daughter, Mrs. Jotham Newton, now resides. Clearings were now being made on every side. Among others who came before the war of 1812 were John Darling, Mr. Broadway, John Snyder, Samuel Goodrich, Amos Jackson, and John and Abel Bentloy. In 1812, Samuel Hadley settled in the locality still oc- cupied by his descendants, northwest of the village, where it was then an unbroken wilderness. With him came his son, Jesse F. Hadley, then ten years old, now seventy-five, who gives a good description of that part of the town at that time. There was a road down the creek from the vil- lage, and another near the Elli.sburg line, but in what is now Sandy Creek. Between those two roads was nothing but woods. On the northern road there was quite a number of settlers, — Pickett, Winters, Harris, Shceley, Harmon Ehle, John Spalsbury, Peter Combs, and finally Stephen Lindsay, — nearly to the pond. A little log school-house stood near John Spalsbury 's. James Hiiiman was then keeping a tavern, part log and part frame, at the creek settlement, and there were already two or three frame houses in the vicinity, — landmarks of advancing civilization. When the war of 1812 broke out, the people of Sandy Creek, being on the immediate frontier, were kept in a continual tremor. From the lakc-.shore they could see the enemy's vessels sweeping over the adjoining waters, now driving the American craft into their harbors, now in turn pursued by Chauncey's increased fleet. Mrs. Robbins re- counts the exciting scene which occurred one summer Sab- bath, when the people had gathered at Mr. Hinman's to hear the go.spel preached by some wayfaring minister. Suddenly a messenger came galloping up, crying out, " The British have landed !" and designating the point assailed. Immediately all was confusion, men hurrying away to get their arms, children crying, and women shuddering with 376 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. terror at the thought of the Indians, whose presence was always taken for granted wlien British troops appeared at that time. A^ain and a^^ain the militia was called out to repel an attack on Sackctt's Harbor. There was probably not a man in till- town of sufficient ajje who did not perform consid- erable military service during the two years and a half that the war lasted. Smith Dunlap was captain of the militia company from that section, Nicholas Gurley was lieut+'uant, Samuel Duiilaj) ensign, and Reuben Iladley orderly .ser- geant. Late in A](ril, 1814, Colonel Mitchell, with a small body of regular infantry, came marching along the old Salt road on their way to defend Oswego from a threatened attack. A few days later came the news that the dcfcn.se had been unsuccessful and Oswego had been captured. For a while rumors flew thick and fast. On the 20th of May the dwellers in the western part of the town saw the curious spectacle of a body of Oneida Indians, in their war-paint | and feathers, and accom]iaiiied by a few soldiers, marching along the shore of Little Sandy pond, while those who looked out upon the lake descried nearly twenty large and heavy-laden boats, carrying the American flag and inipelled northward by hundreds of stalwart oarsmen. It was Wool- sey's flotilla, bearing cannon and stores for Commodore Chaunccy's new ship, " Superior," as related in the general history. The ne.xt morning messengers came liurrying through the country, informing every one that Woolsey had run up Big Sandy creek, in Ellisburg, that llie British were about to follow, and urging all to eume to the rescue. The militia were s[)eedily mustered and hastened to the scene of the expected conflict, but ere any of them arrived the thunder of cannon startled the whole town from the shore of the lake to the .slopes of the Boylston hills, and in the northern part the rattle of small arms could be distinctly heard. The militia, on their arrival, found that every man of the assail- ing fime bad been killed or captured. There was no fighting to be done, but some of the Sandy Creek men took part in the celebrated feat of carrying to Sackctt's Harbor on their shoulders the great cable of the " Superior," weighing nearly five tons. When that vessel had been e(|uippcd and .sent to sea the British eonimandcr was willing to take a retired position, and the Americans along the lake felt less an.\iety about a hostile incursion. After the war immigration set in with redoubled force. Reuben, Rufus, Nathan, and Daniel Salisbury all came within a short time. In fact, the immigrants were so nu- merous ;us to prevent naming any but those connected with some marked profession or business. Dr. James A. Thompson located at the little settlement on the creek in 1815, being the first physician who became a permanent practitioner in town, though there had been a Dr. Porter there for a short time. Dr. Tliomp.«on practiced till his death, forty-four years later. Yet this long profes- sional career was certainly iiui the result of an ea.sy life. The labors of a country physician in tlio.se early days were arduous almost beyi'od the coneeption of their successors. Dr. Thoni]i.son's rides, says his son, often extended over twenty miles. They were not buggy rides either, but were . iuvariably performed on horseback, over roads which lan- guage could but poorly jjortray. Sometimes, after making one of these long circuits, on coming along the shore of the great pond to the mouth of Sandy creek, after dark, he would find it at the top of its banks. Taking off his clothes and holding them aloft with one hand while clinging to the horse's t;iil with the other, he would make the pa.s.'iage of the torrent; then dress, remount and ride home, fortunate if he had a few dry thre;>ds upon him on his arrival. Be- fore leaving this [xiint it may be proper to notice that Dr. A. G. Thomp.'«in, the son of the gentleman just mentioned, has al.so practiced in Sandy Creek and vicinity forty-three years ; so that there has been no time since the close of the war of 1812 when one of that family has not been min- istering to the needs of the people of that locality. Another doctor of long practice was John G. Ayer, who cjimc in 1H22, and remained the greati'r part of the time (though ab.sent several years) till his death a few years ago. Turning from the medical to the spritual department, we find the first ehnreh in town (the First Congrcg-atioind i or- ganized on the 2;«d of July, 1817. The first .settled min- ister was Rev. Oliver Ayer, father of Dr. John G. Ayer, who was installed over that church in 1822. There had, however, been a Melliodist " clas.s" organized as early as 1811. Meanwhile, improveinents were going on in all directions. For a few years Smith l)aiila]i kept a store at the creek settlement, then a cluster of hou.scs without any ])articular name. There, too, about 1817, a carding-machine and fulling-mill were built by An.son Maltby, to the great con- venicnee of the people, for whom " fulled cloth" was then the principal wear. In 1821 it was bought by J. M. Hooker, who carried on the business for no less than thirty- seven years, and survives in a vigorous old age to tell the story of his early experience. He says that when he came, in 1820, the store at the settlements had been temporarily abandoned. There was one hotel, kept by Nathan Salis- bury, and five or six houses, mostly frames. The farming population had increased much more rapidly, for Jotham Newton, who came only a year or so later, .sjiys there were nearly ns nuiny houses on the Ridge roatl as there are now, though they were all of logs, and were surrounded by comparatively small clearings. All this time we have been talking about " Sandy Creek" and " the town," as a convenient designation for the terri- tory included in the present town of that name, feeling as- sured that our readers would understand that it was all Richland from the time when that town was set ofl* from Williamstown, in 1807, until they should be notified of the formation of a change in the municipal arrangements. But about 1824 and 182") the people began to get their idciis up. It was thought desirable to have a local mime for the little settlement where the Salt road crossed Sandy crcjk. Dr. .\yer and .Vnsoii .Maltby projiosed the some- what ]>reieiitious one of Wasliingtonville. It was as.sented to by the inhabitants, but it never stuck very close. A single Word of four syllables is a little too inneh for an American village to carry, notwithstanding the example of Philadeljihia. By {\w beginning of 182.") llie population of the north 2ix^/i £^^^^ -T^^mU-iA . cf. 4l^l^ HLs OF Wm. Bishop, ^ANur uhllk, uswzgo co n.v. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 377 part of Richland was deemed sufficient for a separate mu- nicipal organization, and on the 24th day of March, in that year, the town of Sandy Creek was formed with its present boundaries by an act of the legislature. The first town- meeting was held on the first Tuesday in May, 1825, when the following officers were elected : Supervisor, Simon Meacham ; Town Clerk, Edwin C. Hart ; Assessors, Anson Maltby, Thomas S. Meacham, and Aniasa Carpenter; Commissioners of Highways, Barnabas Munroe, Amasa Carpenter, Ellery Crandall, and Simon Hadley ; Overseers of the Poor, Geo. Read and Truman Hawley ; Collector, John Pierce; Constables, John Pierce, Peter ninman, and Nathan Salisbury ; Commissioners of Schools, Asa Carpenter, Alden Crandall, and Charles Alton ; Inspectors of Schools, John G. Ayer, Oliver Ayer, Jr., and Joseph M. Hooker ; Fence-viewers, Cornelius Hadley, Ammi Case, and Andrew Place ; Pound-master, Luther Howe. In addition to the election of officers the meeting voted to raise double the amount of school-money received from the State ; to allow commissioners fifty cents per day for their services ; to levy two hundred and fifty dollars for roads and bridges ; to allow cattle to be free commoners ; and to require a lawful fence to be five feet high. The next year it was resolved that each path-master should be a fence-viewer, and it seems that there were then thirty-two road districts in town. In 1828 the number of constables was reduced to two, which is the lowest number we have observed recorded in any town. Nearly all the early town-meetings were held at the house of Nathan Salisbury. In 1831 it was resolved that cattle might go at large from the opening of spring to the first of November each year ; and the height of a lawful fence was reduced from five to four and a half feet, when built of good rails or stone, but if logs or brush were used it must be five feet high. That year a bounty of twelve and a half cents was offered by the town on all crows killed within its limits. Speaking of bounties, one would infer that the people of Sandy Creek could not have been much troubled by wolves after the formation of the town, as no bounties for that animal are to be found on its records. The crow-bounty was raised to fifty cents in 1834. The amounts raised for the support of the poor varied from fifty to a hundred dollars a year; those for roads and bridges were generally about two hundred and fifty dollars. Though there were ftiw so poor as to need aid from the town, there were plenty who struggled along in their con- flict with the wilderness, submitting with true American pride and grit to the severest pressure of fortune rather than call on others for assistance. There was generally something to eat, and every farmer's family calculated to make their own clothing, but money was scarcer than poo- (ile can well comprehend at the pre.seTit day, even in the hardest of hard times. " Your taxes are seventy-five cents," said the collector to a Sandy Creek farmer in the early days. " Bless my soul, sir, I haven't got seventy-five cents in the world, and I don't know where I can get it, nor when I can get it.' 25 "Well, now, that's bad," replied the official, "but you'll have to manage it some way. We have got to have the taxes, sure." After much negotiation it was agreed that the collector should take two bushels of rye and assume the taxes him- self The schoolmaster, of course, always boarded around at that day, and his presence in a family was usually the signal for the best efforts of which they were capable in the way of entertainment. One of the most prosperous citizens of Sandy Creek tells of the mortification his mother felt when, on handing the teacher a piece of pie at dinner, ho laid it on the table, in default of a plate, to cut it into mouthfuls. Between 1825 and 1835 times began to improve, so that frame houses generally took the place of log ones on the principal roads. This is usually considered as marking the transition from a pioneer settlement to a farming country. The section of the town adjoining Richland was especially devoted to dairying. This was before the age of cheese- factories, but no small amount of butter and cheese were produced by the personal labors of Sandy Creek house- wives. The jMeachanis, who have been mentioned as early settlers, were still the most prominent citizens of that locality. Colonel Thomas S. Meacham, one of the younger mem- bers of the family, was a very enthusiastic personage, fond of remarkable enterprises, — one of the kind of men who are called great geniuses if they succeed, and great lunatics if they fail. In the autumn of 1835, when speculation was rife throughout the country, the colonel's farm, on the Salt road, about a mile from the Richland line, presented a curi- ous scene. An immense cheese-hoop and press had been constructed, the milk of all the proprietor's hundred and fifty cows was turned into curd, and for five successive days it was piled into the great hocjp. At first the projector had intended to content himself with a cheese weighing half a ton, but when it was completed it did not appear large enough, and so he added to his hoop from time to time, till he had an article weighing fourteen hundred pounds. It was designed as a present to President Jackson. When completed the colonel Wiis determined to have it sent forth on its travels in grand style. So he obtained forty-eight gray honses, placed the cheese on a big wagon covered with flags, and started for Port Ontario. John Sage, now residing in the western part of Sandy Creek, worked for Colonel Meacham at the time, and, as he hap- pened to have a gray team, he was called on to take part in the display. All the farmers for miles around, even if n(jt blessed with gray teams, were invited to drive before or after the monster cheese. The procession, nearly a mile in length, moTed to Pu- laski, where a halt vva.s made, and the hoop removed from the large cheese, allowing the multitude gathered at that rural hamlet to feast their eyes upon the monster cheese of the world. They proceeded to the port, where the cheese was shipped on the 15th of November, 1835. The boat moved from the wharf amid the firing of cannon and the ap|ilause of the vast concourse of people, who waved fare- well to Colonel Meacham as he started on his tour. 378 IJISTUIIY UF OSWEGO COUNTY, -NEW lOllK. Nevertheless, it was conveyed to Wasliin^n via Os- we{;o, Syracuse, Erie canal, Albany, auJ New York, and the entire trip was a scries of nvalions. That was a proud day for Colonel Meachani, when this cheese was uncovered at the capital of the nation and formally presented to the president of the I'nited Suucs in the name of the " gov- ernor and jM.x>])le of the State of New York." This was doubtless the largest gift (in one sense) ever made to a president. General Jackson duly returned thanks for both the honor and the cheese, and presented Colonel Meachain with a dozen bottles of wine as a compli- mentary return. Some men mi;.:ht have been at a loss in regard to the manner of disposing of this niaininoth production. Not 80 Old Hickory; He kept it until the 22d of February, and then directed that it be cut in pieces, and that an invi- tation be extended to all the peoj)le in Washington to eat cheese! The following description of that scene was given by an eye-witness : " This is Washington's birthday. The president, the departments, the senate, and we, the people, have celebrated it by eating a big cheese! The president's house was thrown open. The multitude swarmed in. The Senate of the United Slates adjourned. The reprosentjitives of the various departments turned out. ISepre.senlatives in squadrons left the capitol, — and all for the purpose of eating cheese I Mr. Van iiuren was there to eat cheese. Mr. Webster was there to eat cheese. Mr. Woodbury, Colonel Bentou, Mr. Diekerson, and the gallant Colonel Trobridge were eating cheese. The court, the fa.shion, the beauty of Washington were all eating cheese. Officers in Washington, foreign representatives, in stars and garters; gay, joyous, dashing and gorgeous women, in all the pride and panoply and pomp of wealth, were there eating cheese. Cheese, cheese, cheese was on everybody's lip and in everybody's mouth. All you heard was cheese. All you Siiw was cheese. All you smelt was cheese. It was cheese, chee.se, cheese. Streams of cheese were going u]) in the avenue in every- body's fists. Balls of cheese were in a hundred pockets. Every handkerchief smelt of cheese. The whole atmos- phere for half a mile around was infected with cheese." The enterprising colonel also sent off a number of cheeses weighing seven hundred pounds each, — one to Vice-Presi- dent Van Hurcn, one to Governor William L. Marcy, at Albany, one to the mayor of New York, and one to the mayor of Rochester. From the latter he received in return an immense barrel of flour, containing ten ordinary barrels, and weighing, of course, nearly a ton. Several yeare later Colonel Meachani got another grand idea in his licad. lie would Iniild a fine agricultural hall on his farm, on the Salt road, to be devoted to agricultnral and horticultural fairs, lectures on agriculture, etc. In this case, as in that of the cheese, he kejit ailding to his origi- nal design until he had a long, two-story Irame building, with the head of the great Rochester flour-barrel built into its front, — a .structure far beyond any possible wants of that (|uiet neighborhood. " The hall," as it is still called, yet stands whore the colonel built it, but all idea of using it for its original jiurposcs has long since been abandoned. Meanwhile Wa.shingtonville grew very slowly. lu 1837, when Oren R. Earl came there to live, there were two public-houses, two small stores, and about a dozen frame houses. In 1840 Sandy Creek shared the general excitement over the great log cabin campaign ; and the largest meeting ever held in that part of the country was convened in the north- west corner of that town. It was a joint meeting for Oswego and Jeflerson counties ; and the log cabin for the occasion was built partly in Sandy Creek and partly in Ellisburg, close where the .Methodist church now stands. The Whigs for forty miles around a.«senibled almost m miisse, and some of the most distinguished orators of the party poured forth their eIof|uencc on the oeca.sion, within .sound of the place where old Stephen Lindsay struck one of the pioneer blows in the town of Sandy Creek. For many years little occurred in Sandy Creek requiring the notice of the historian. The progress of time showed itself in improved buildings, better farms, finer carriages, handsome school-houses, and all the usual indications of prosperity. In 1851 the people at town-meeting voted two hundred and fifty dollars to pnvide for a town-hall at Wa.shingtonville ; and a large room was accordingly fitted up for the purpose. Rut though the name of Washingtonville was still re- tained on official documents and on published maps, yet it was never a popular favorite. Washington might have done very well, but Wa.?u- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 385 James (5harjie. Enl'il in Co. G, 24tli Inf., April 29, 1861 ; mustered out May 2fl, 186.3. Hiram E. Taylor. Enlisted Apr. 27, ISCl, in Co. G, 2.1th Inf.; died of fever, July 12, 1861. Joseph K. Crandall. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Deo. 28, 1S61 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 186.3; mustered out May 29, 186.3; ro-enl'd Jan. 1, 1864, in Co. G, 24th Cav. ; wounded near Petersburg, Va., Juno 17, 1S64; prom, to sergeant Sept. 1, 1864; to ord. scrgt. June 3, lS6.'i ; mustered out July 19, 1865. Andrew J. Earless. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Apr. 26, 1861; disch. Dec. 31, 1862; re-enl'd Dec. 26, 1865, in Co. G, 24th Cav. ; pro. to com. scrgt. Sept. 1, 1864; mustered out June 24, 1865. Wm. WttUnce. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., April 27, 1861 ; disch. for disability Dec. 19, 1862. Asahel C. Wallace. Enlisted Apr. 27, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf. ; mus- tered out May 29, 1863. Wm. H. Wheeler. Enl'd Apr. 27, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf.; j.ro. to Corp. May 1, 1863; must, out May 29, 1803; ro-enl'd in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863, as sergt. ; mustered out July 19, 1865. Chas. E. Thomas. Enl'd in Co. G, 24lh Inf., Apr. 27, 1861 ; prom. to sergt. May 4, 1862 ; must, out May 29, 1863 ; rc-must. Sept. 8, 1864, in Co. E, 189th Inf. ; prom, lo sergt. Sept. 9, 1864; must. out June 12, 1865. Granville S. Thompson. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Nov. 9, 1861 ; pro. to non-com. statf, Sept. 1, 1862; mus. out May 29, 1863. Benjamin C. Near. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., May 4, 1861, as musician ; dis. for disability, Aug. 26, 1861. Barzilla Lampman. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Apr. 27, 1861; mus. out May 29, 1863 ; re-enl'd Dec. 29, 1863, in Co. G, 24th Cav. ; wounded near Petersburg, Va., June, 1864 ; wounded again at Farmville, Apr. 4, 1865 ; mustered out June 24, 1865. Solon W. Martin. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Apr. 26, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 24, 1861; wounded Aug. 29, 1862; dis. Nov. 26, 1862; re-enl'd in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 28, 1864; mustered out June 12, 1865. Ira R. Stevens. Enlisted Apr. 30, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf.; mus- tered out May 29, 1863. Harrison Murray. Enlisted May 3, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf. ; dis. for disability, Feb. 3, 1862. Samuel Suyder. Enlisted Apr. 29, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf ; dis. at Elmira by substitute ; re-enl'd iu Co. E, 189th Inf., Sept. 8, 1864 ; mustered out June 12, 1865. Wm. F. Mo.sior. Enl'd Apr. 27, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf., as Corp.; detached on gunboat service Feb. 16, 1862 ; died of fever at Cairo, 111., Oct. 20, 1862. Geo. W. Weaver. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Apr. 21, 1861 ; disch. for disability June 17, 1862. Harry Murray. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Nov. 9, 1861 ; disch. for disability Feb. 3, 1862. John Boccher. Enl'd Apr. 26, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf.; died from wounds rec'd in an affray at Washington, D. C, Nov. 19, 1861. Webster Woodard. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Apr. 29, 1861; must. out May 29, 1863. Jehiel A. Rogers. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Nov. 9, 1861 ; wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862 ; mustered out May 29, 1863. Geo. W. Lampman. Enl'd Nov. 9, 1861, in Co. G, 24th Inf.; disch. for disability Nov. 2, 1862. Wm. S. Goodrich. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., May ,3, 1861; must. out May 29, 1863; re-enl'd in Co. 6, 184th Inf., Aug. 19, 1864; mustered out June 29, 1865. Richard D. Ehle. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., Nov. 9, 1861 ; must, out May 29, 1863. John A. Wilda. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf.; must, out; ro-mustercd Sept. 2, 1864. in Co. G, 184lh Inf. ; mustered out. Yates W. Newton. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 19, 1862, as 1st lieut. ; resigned Feb. 8, 1864. James K. P. Cottrell. Enlisted in Co. C, llOlh Inf., Aug. 1, 1862, as sergt. : pro. to 2d lieut. Aug. 6, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. Dec. 25, 1864 ; mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. James H. Strceter. Enlisted Aug. 1, 1862, in Co. C, 1 lOth Inf. ; died at New Iberia, La., Dec. 5, 1863. Albert Wright. Enlisted in Co. C, UOth Inf., Aug. 1, 1862; mus- tered out Aug. 28, 1865. Warren Wheeler. Enlisted Aug. 2, 1862, in Co. C, llUth Inf.; died at New Orleans, La., April 17, 1863. Robert C. Austin. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 2, 1862; pro. to corp. Aug. 14, 1863; mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. Elijah S. Crandall. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 2, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. Jan. 4, 1864; mustered out Aug. 28,1865. Horatio Orvis. Enlisted Aug. 5, 1862, in Co. C, 110th Inf.; disch. for disability, Nov. 1.3, 1863. Elbert Howe. Enlisted in 110th Inf., as musician, Aug. 2, 1862; mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. Ira West. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf, Aug., 1862; discharged for disability. Thomas Roberts. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 2, 1862; pro- moted to corporal, Sept. 1, 1863; mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. Nelson Sparks. Enlisted in Co. C, UOth Inf., Aug. 6, 1862; mus- tered out Aug. 28, 1865. William Lillis. Enlisted in Co. C, UOth Inf., Aug. 7, 1802; disch. for disability, February 2, 1863. Hiram Wilda. Enlisted in Co. C, UOth Inf., August 5, 1862; disch. for disability. May 23, 1865. James M. Lindsey. Enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. C, UOth Inf.; disch. for disability, Dec. 17, 1863. George S. Munderback. Enlisted in Co. C,110th Inf., Aug. 5, 1862; disch. for disability, Doc. 1, 1863; died at Memphis, Tcnn., on his way home. William R. Towle. Enlisted in Co. C, 1 10th Inf., Aug. 6, 1802 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 26, 1863. Simon T. Leigh. Enlisted in Co. C, UOth Inf., Aug. 5, 1862; disch. for disability, Aug. 5, 1863; died while awaiting transportalion home. Thomas V. Joslin. Enlisted in Co. C, UOth Inf., Aug. 5, 1802 ; disch. for disability, March 8, 1864. Crocker Snyder. Enl'd in Co. C, UOth Inf., Aug. 6, 1862 ; dis. Aug. U, 1864, on account of wounds through the lung. Leroy Salisbury. Enl'd in Co. C, UOth luf., August 6, 1862; died March 23, 1803. William S. Morey. Enl'd in Co. C,110th Inf, Aug. 1, 1862, as corp.; died Sept. 10, 1863. Samuel Mahaffy. Eul'd in Co. C, UOth Inf., Aug. 1, 1862, as corp.; pro. to sergeant, March 28, 1863 ; pro. to 1st sergt., July 21, '63 ; died August 23, 1863. Andrew S. Warner. Mustered as colonel of 147th Inf., Sept. 23, '62 ; resigned. Harvey E. Chajiin. Mustered as chaplain of 147th Inf., Sept. 23, '62; resigned February, 1863. Elhanan C. Seely. Mustered Sept. 23, 1862, as captain, Co. E, 1471h Inf. ; resigned. John L. Nichols. Enl'd in Co. E, 147th Inf , July 31, 1862; dis. for disability, March 26, 1863. Wait Wheeler. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; dis. for disability. Andrew J. Newton. Enlisted August 6, 1802, in Co. E, 147th Inf.; mustered out June 7, 1865. Sylvester J. Taylor. Mustered Sept. 23, 1S62, as sergt,, Co. E, 147th Inf.; pro. to lieut. ; killed July 4, 1863, at Gettysburg. William E. Sparks. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf, Sept. 23, 1802 j mustered out June 7, 1805. Phineas Shorey. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 ; mus- tered out June 7, 1805. Edwin Goodrich. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 ; dis. Francis E. Goodrich. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; dis. for disability. John Williams. Mustered in Co. E, 147lh Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 ; killed July 2, 1803, at Gettysburg. Thomas Wills. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf, Sept. 2.3, 1802: dis. for disability. Ira B. Briggs. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf, Sept. 23, 1862; mus- tered out June 7, 1865. Briggs Lindsay. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf, Sept. 23, 1862 ; dis. for disability. Joseph A. Robinson. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf, April 30, 1861 ; dis. for disability, March 10, 1862; rc-mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf. as sergt., Sept. 23, 1862 : mustered out June 7, 1865. Oscar D. Leach. Mustered in Co. E, 147lh Inf, Sept. 23, 1802; des. Charles B. Philbriek. Mustered in Co. E, 147th luf, Sept. 23, 1862; dis. for disability. Peter Murray. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf, Sept. 23, 1862; des. 386 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. John Cbaugo. Mustered io Co. K, I47tli Inf., Sept. 23, 1SC2; mus- tered out June 7, ISGj. Calvin A. Ilarringtuo. Mustered in Co. £, 147tb Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 ; wounded and taken prisoner at Gettysburg, July 1, 1SG3; Mus- tered out June 28, 1SC5. Henry Cronk. Enl'd .\ug. 21, 1862, in Co. E, I47tb Inf.; deserted. Joseph A. IptoD. Mustered in Co. E, 147tb Inf., Sept. 23, 18(12; died in hospital at Washington, D. C. James Wright. Mustered in Co. E, 1-I7th Inf., Sept. 23, 1S62; deserted. Jebiul Weed. Mustered in Co. £, 147tb Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; starved to death at Salisbury, X. C. Gilbert Harris. Mustered in Co. E, 147tb Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; mus- tered out June 28, 1865. Harrison II. Colo. Mustered in Co. E, 147lh Inf., Sept. 23, 1862. George Tryon. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1802; deserted. Theodore II. Weaver. Mustered in Co. E, 147tb Inf., Sept. 23, 1802; mustered out June, 18G5. Justus Sprngue. Enlisted Aug. 21, 1862, in Co. E, 147tb Inf. ; mus- tered out June 7, 1865. Asa S. Brown. Mustered in Co. E, 147lh Inf., Sept. 23, 1SC2. Elam Ooodrieh. Mustered in Co. E, 147tb Inf.. Sept. 23, 1862; dis- charged on aoeount of wound received at Gettysburg. John D. Wart. Mualcrod in Co. E, 147tb Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; dis- charged for disability. Burton White. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 2.3, 1862; died in service. Edwin Kiblin. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862, in Co. E, 147th Inf. ; deserted. Oren N. Sprague. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862, in Co. E, 147th Inf.; mustered out June 7, 1S65. William -M. Howard. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862, in Co. E, 147th Inf. ; wounded at Gettysburg; lost a leg at Petersburg, June 18, 1864; ninslered out June 22, 1865. William H. Chaugo. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862, in Co. E, 147th Inf. Newton G. Ehle. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862, in Co. E, M7th Inf.; died in hospital at Winilmill Point, Va., .\pril, 1863. David Welch. Mustered in Co. E. 147tb Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 ; died of wounds received at Gettysburg. Charles Cobb. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; dis- charged for disability. Levi M. Wallace. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1802; died in hospital of fever. Samuel Carpenter. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; died July 10. 1863, of wounds received at Gettysburg. David Williams. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1S62 ; dis. for disability. Henry Burdick. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, '62; deserted. Virgil .M. Powers. Must, in Co. E, 147lh Inf., Sept. 23, 1802; must. out June 16, 1805. Asa W. Goodrich. Must, in Co. E. 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862. Adclbcrt Warner. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; must. out June, 1805. Edward Kobotham. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1S62 ; died of fever in service. Samuel Shears. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; dis. for disability. Frederick W. White. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 ; must, out June 16, 1865. Seth Porter, Jr. Must, in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Edwin L. Weed. Must, in Co. E, U7th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862; must. out Juno 7, 1S65. Lyndon J. Cole. Must, in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 19, 1864, as 2d licut. ; pro. to 1st liout., Sept. 17, 1864; to capt., Fob. 5, 1865; must, out July 19, 1865. Nelson West. Enlisted Dec. 16, 1863, in Co. G, 24th Cav.; deserted Fob. 23, 1864. Sylvester Schuyler. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 16, 1863; do- lorted Fob. 2.3, 1864. Palmer Cross. Enlisted Deo. 27, 1863, in Co. G, 24th Cav. ; mustered out July 19, 1865. Newell E. Howe. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Deo. 21, 1863: taken prisoner near Appomattox-Court House, April 9,1865; mustered out July 19, 1865. Eraslus Crocker. Enlisted Dec. 21, 1863, in Co. Q, 24th Cav.; mus- [ tered out July 19, 1805. ) James A. Beeman. Enlisted in Co. G, 21th Cav., Dec. 21, 1863; mus- tered out July 19, 1S65. Edwin Crandall. Enlisted in Co. 0, 24th Cav., Deo. 21, 1863; wounded near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864 ; promoted to oorp., ■ Mareh 3, 1865 ; mustered out June 24, 1865. Isaac Williams. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 18, 1863 ; dis- charged from hospital. Harrison Woodard. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 21, 1863; died at Camp Sloneman, D. C. March 25, 1865. Malcolm Upton. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864; mustered out. Henry Mosier. EnlisteJ Deo. 20, 1863, in Co. G, 24th Cav. ; mu.^- Icrcd out Juno 24, 1H65. Aaron E. Hunter. Enlisted Deo. 26, 1863, in Co. Q, 24th Cav.; mustered out July 19, 1865. George Wart. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 28. 1863: pro- muted to sergt., Mareh 3, 1865; wounded at Colil Harbor, Juno 24, IHIU; mustered out July 19, 1865. Joseph I.ampmun. Enlisted in Co. Q, 24th Cnv., Dec. 24. 1803; wounded near Petersburg, Vu., Juno 18, 1864: died of his wounds, July 16, 1861. Philip Hunier. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav.. Dec. 28, Is03 ; wounded near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864; must, out July 19, 1865. Aaron V. Yuuman. Enlisted in Co. (i, 24th Cav., Dec. 30, 1863. Elliot Noycs. Enlisted in Co. G, 24lh Cav., Dec. 21, 1863 ; mustered out July 19, 1865. Elbert E. Ward. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1801 ; pro- moted to corporal, Sept. 1, 1864 ; mustered out July 19, 1805. Josiah Bctlinger. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1864; killed by a shell, June 3, 1.S64. Alfred Goodenough. Eulisted in Co. G, 24lh Cav., Jan. 1, 1864 ; transferred to the navy, ,\pril 24, 1804. Henry Munderback. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1804 ; pro- moted to corporal, Sept. 1, 1804; disch. June 24, 1805. John Uullis. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1801 ; discharged November, 1864. Wellington Pruyn. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1864 : mus- tered out July 19, 1805. Daniel Bcttingcr. Enlisted in Co. G, 24tb Cav., Doc. 28, 1863; mus- tered out July 19, 1865. Burt Littlefiold. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Dec. 28, 1863 ; de- serted Feb. 1, 1865. John Tubbs. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1804; taken pris- oner June 3, 1864, near Cold Harbor, Va. ; must, out July 19, *65. George W. Weaver. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Cav., Jan. 4, 1864 ; de- serted Nov., 1864. Hiram Grant. Mustered in Co. G, ISlth Inf., Sept. 2, 1804; pro- moted to 2d lieut., and afterwards to 1st lieut. ; mustered out June 29, 1865. Eugene Wheeler. Enlisted in Co. G, 184th Inf., Aug. 19, IS64 ; mus- tered out Juno 29, 1865. Joel E. Parmcter. Enlisted in Co. G, lS4tb Inf., Aug. 12, 1864; mus- tered out June 29, 1865. Geo. E. Porter. Mustered in Co. G, 184lh Inf., Sept. 2, 1801 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Joel Stewart. Mustered in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 1864 : must, out June 29, 1865. Alonio Mandigo. Mustered in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out Juno 29, 1865. David Scrimshaw. Mustered in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 1864; mustered out June 29, 1805. Squire Bishop. Mustered in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 1804 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Bela H. Mellen. Mustered in Co. G, 184lh Inf., Sept. 2, 1864; must, out June 29, 1865. Alfred Gruinmo. Mustered in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Milo Si)rague. Mustered in Co. G, ISltb luf., Sept. 2, 1804: must, out Juno 29. 1865. Ira D. Peck. Mustered in Co. 0, 184tb Inf, Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Chas. H. Orr. Eul'd in Co. G, 184th Inf., Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out June 29, 1865. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 387 Daniel Hillakcr. Mustered in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 186-t; must, out June 29, 1865. Henry Lighth.ill. Must, in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 1864; pro. to Corp., Sept. 3, 1S64; died Oct., 1864. Benj. Hastings. Enl'd in Co. G, lS4th Inf., Aug. 19, 1804; pro. to aorgt,, Sept. 2, 1864; mustered out June 29, 1865. Albert E. Sherman. Enlisted in Co. E, 189th Inf., Aug. 30, 1864; mustered out June 9, IS65. Wilton Barney. Mustered in Co. E, lS9th Inf., Sept. 8, 1864; mus- tered out June 12, 1865. George D. Thomas. Mustered in Co. E, 189th Inf., Sept. 8, 1864; mustered out June 12, 1865. Sherman Wart. Mustered in Co. E, 189th Inf., Sept. 8, 1864; mus- tered out June 12, 1805. Sidney Weldon. Mustered in Co. G, 184th Inf., Sept. 2, 1864; mus- tered out June 29, 1805. Oscar Allen. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865 ; mustered out with regiment. John Chrisman. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1805 ; mus- tered out with regiment. Judah Macy. Muslered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865; mus- tered out with regiment. Henry T. Stevens. Slustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1805; mustered out with regiment. Samuel Sadler. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865; mus- tered out with regiment. Elijah Roberts. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1805; mus- tered out with regiment. Theodore D. Woodruff. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., Mar. 9, 1865; mustered out with regiment. John H. Olmsteiid. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1805; promoted to non-commissioned officer ; mustered out with regi- ment. James L. Knollin. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865; pro. to non-commissioned officer; mustered out with regiment. Lyman Learned. Mustered in Co. 1, 193d Inf., March 9, 1805 ; must, out with regt. John Liudo. Enl'd in Co. G, 24th Inf., April 29, 1801 ; pro. to Corp., March 1, 1802; dis. Jan. 19, 1803; remustered March 9, 1865, in Co. I, 193d Inf.; must, out with regiment. Henry Dunbar. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865; must, out with regiment. Philo Dagget. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf, March 9, 1865; must, out with regiment. Martin Philips. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865 ; must, out with regiment. Seymour II. Joy. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865 ; must, out with regiment. Theodore Macy. Mustered in Co. 1, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865 ; must, out with regiment. Frank H. Mahaffy. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865; mustered out with regiment. William Irwin. Mustered in Co. 1, 193d Inf, March 10, 1805 ; must, out with regiment. Lucien Cronk. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 12, 1805; died iu hospital at Auljurn, N. Y. C. R. Pond. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 9, 1865; mustered out with regiment. James M. Chrisman. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 12, 1865; mustered out with regiment. James Covey. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf, March 11, 1865; mus- tered out with regiment. James Conger. Mustered in Co. I, 193 Inf., March 11, 1805; mus- tered out with regiment. Chester Coon. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 11, 1805; mus tered out with regiment. Thomas D. Smith. Mustered in Co. I, 193d Inf., March 11, 1865 mustered out with regiment. Oliver Vandcrkuysen. Mustered in Co. 1, 1 93d Inf., March 10, 1865 mustered out with regiment. Sewell J. Baldwin. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., May 1, 1801 wounded at South Mountain; mustered out May 29, 1803. Lorenzo Goodrich. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., May 3, 1861 ; dis- charged for disability, July 1, 1861. Theodore Holmes. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf, April 27, 1801 ; mus- tered out May 29, 1803. Henry C. Martin. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Nov. 9, 1861 ; pro- moted to Corp., May 1, 1863; mustered out May 29, 1863. Alonzo Sprague. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Nov. 9, 1801 ; dis- charged for disability, A])ril 9, 1862. llollom M. Porter. Enlisted in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 6, 1862; promoted to corporal, Jan. 4, 1864; mustered out Aug. 28, 1865. Edward Lampman. Mustered in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 12, 1802. James H. Curry. Mustered in Co. C, 110th Inf., Aug. 12, 1862. Minott A. Pruyn. Mustered as 1st lieut.. Black Horso Cav., autumn of 1801 ; disbanded with regiment in spring of 1802; remustered as capt. 1st Mounted Rifles; promoted to major; muttered out with regiment. Egbert Covey. Private, 14th Inf. Hiram .\llard. Private, 14th Inf ; died in service. Zadoek Kiblin. 7th Bat. Art. Alpheus Ridgeway. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 26, 1862. John M. Wells. Musfd in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 : deserted. Adelbert Hillaker. Mustered in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1802; mustered out June 16, 1805. Thomas Baird. Must'd in Co. E, 147th Inf., Sept. 23, 1862 ; deserted. John Naglc. Enlisted in Co. G, 24th Inf., Nov. 9, 1861 ; mustered out May 29, 1863. Emery T. Williams. Enlisted in Black Horse Cav., Oct., 1801 ; dis- banded with regt., spring of 1862. Hamilton Pruyn. Enlisted in Black Horse Cav., Oct., 1861; pro- moted to sergt. ; disbanded with regt., spring of 1862. Eugene Wood. Eulisted in Black Horse Cavalry, Oct., 1861 ; dis- banded with regiment, spring of 1802. Byron Wilder. Enlisted in Black Horse Cav., Oct., 1801 ; disbanded with regiment, spring of 1802. Augustus Learned. Enlisted in 10th Art., Dec. 25, 1803 ; must. out. Calvin Goodrich. Enlisted in Black Horse Cav., autumn of 1801 ; disbanded with regiment, spring of 1802. The following residents of Sandy Creek were not credited to the town, and their record is therefore very imperfect. Uri Crocker. Enlisted in the 20th Cav. David Crocker. Enlisted in 20th Cav. Martin J. Fuller. Enlisted in 7th Cav. ; died in service. Ebenezer Jacobs. Enlisted in 101st Inf.; died in service. John W. Reynolds. Enlisted in 10th Art.; died in service. Lyman J. Hall. Enlisted in 94th Inf.; died in service. Smith S. Bensley. Enlisted in 20th Cav.; died in service. Joseph Glude. Enlisted in 8Ist Inf.; died in service. William Goff. Enlisted in 71st Inf.; died in servico. Augustus Goff. Died in service. Geo. Robinson. Died in service, David Glude. Killed in action. Edson AVeldon. Taken prisoner, and starved to death. William Wood. Taken prisoner, and starved to death. Warner Horton. Taken prisoner, and starved to death. John M. Weldon. Enlisted in Co. C, 4th Artillery. John Welch. Enlisted in 10th Art., Sept., 1864; must, out with regt. GRANBY. GuANBY is another of the towns that lie on the great hiirliway ciftnifRc and of war. wliic-li in tho last century ran through the Oneida lake and the Oneida and Oswepo rivers. The important events whieh took place along that route could not be treated nf in a mere sketch of a town, hut have been fully depicted in the general county history with which this work begins. As in the case of all the other towns, the niddern history of Granby commences with the first settlement made here by white men. This, too, as being one of the first in the county, has been mentioned in the general history, but will be more fully set forth here. It occurred in the spring of 1702. Before be- ginning upon purely local matters we will premise that in 1792 what is now Granby was a part of the survey-town- ships of Hannibal and Lysander, in the Military tract, the origin of whieh is described in the general history. The line between them started at the Oswego river, a few rods above the falls, and ran due west to the northwest corner of lot 1, in Lysander, and thence south to the southwest cor- ner of lot 2G in that township, leaving thirty-three lots of the survey-township of Ly.sander in a notch between Hanni- bal and the river. Municipally consid.Tod. the territory now called Granby was then a part of the town of Mexico, in the county of Herkimer. Herkimer county then comprised all the central part of the State, with its county-seat at Whitesboro', in the present county of Oneida, while Mexico extended to the western bounds of the Military tract, and from Lake Ontario nearly to Pennsylvania, most of its in- habitants living in what is now Onondaga county. The In- dians had ceded the land to the State, but still roamed over it for the purpose of hunting and fishing. The survey-townships of Hannibal and Lysander had already been surveyed into lots, comprising about six hun- dred acres each, which had been distributed to the soldiers for whom they were designed, or to their assignees. Lot 74, in Haniiilial, adjoining the river at the lower end of the rapids, hud fallen to the gallant General Peter Gansevoort, the defender of Fort Stanwix. Lot 75, extending from Gansevoort's tract along the river to the south line of the township, had been drawn by a soldier named Abraham Banics, while another soldier nanud Silli Jones had received lot 4 in Lysander, just above the falls. To the locality just described, came, in the spring of 1792, Major Lawrence Van Valkenlmrgh, Captain Henry Bush, and a Mr. Lav. Captain Bu.sh had purcha.sed lot 74 of Gansevoort, Major Van Valkcnburgh had aiMpiircd, or sup- ])osed he had, an interest in lot 75, and Mr. Lay had become the owner of lot 4 in Lysander. They all came from Stillwater, in what was then Albany county, but is now Saratoga. They are supjio-sed to have come by water along the usual route through Oneida lake, but the major 388 had a yoke of oxen after he got here, whieh couldn't have come in that way. Perha]>s he bought tln'in at the in-arest settlement, " Salt Point." The men were all unaccompa- nied by their families, but the major had in his employ two white men named SchcrnierlKirn and Valentine, and a young negro slave, commonly called " liar." At lea.st, he wxs gen- erally reported to be the major's slave, though some have said he was not. After the arrival of the party, Major Van Valkenburgh set his men to making a clearing, ut a spring a little below the falls. Bush began work near the west end of the pres- ent lower dam, and Say made a st;irt on lot 4. All of them .soon had log hou.scs erected, that of Hush being ipiite a good one. Shortly after the pioneers had thus commenced openitions, a Mr. Olcott came from New York, and began trading with the Indians in a tent near the falls. In the course of the sea.son all three of the proprietors returned to Stillwater, leaving Olcott, Schcrmerliom, Vid- entine, and " Har" in full po.s.se.ssiim of Granby. Soon after this Sclicrmerliorn suddenly dii'd. His eumpaiiions wrapped him in an Imlian blanket instead of a .shroud, supplied the ]ilace of a coffin with large shoi^ts of bark, and buriid him in sonif unknown locality, but probably not far from the major's house. The first funeral iu Gninby was certaiidy sufficiently simple to gratify the most severe taste. The little colony seemed fated to misfi)rtune. A short time after Schermerhorn's death Valentine got into an affray with an Onundtiga Indian, cither at the major's house or elo.se by, and struck him with a hoe, inflicting a mortal wound. Tradition as.signs the cause of the conflict to amorous advances made by the white man to the squaw of his adversary. All was instantly in confusion. Tho rest of the fishing-party to which the de;id man had belonged bore away the body vowing vengeance, which it is somewhat strange they did not execute on the spot. The colony .scattered. Valentine took the major's oxen and gun to Oswego, .sold them to the British there, and then fled to Canada. t)lcott and tlu' negro started in the opptjsite direction. At Three Rivers point they met Major Van \'alken- burgh on his return. Confident in his skill in managing the Indians, he continued on his way, taking " Har" with him ; but we believe Mr. Olcott did not again risk his merchandise in the unpromising locality around Oswego falls. The major succeeded in pacifying the Indians, being assisted by the British commander at Fort Ontario, who at one time during the trouble .sent a small detachment of soldiers up to the falls to preserve order. In the fall Major Van Valkenburgh went back to Stillwater (as did al.so Lay and Bush, if they came out a second time that season ), leaving Oswego falls entirely uninhabited. Gov- HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 389 ernor Clinton offered a reward for Valentine. He came back and stood his trial at Whitosboro', which, as before stated, was the county-scat of Herkimer county. The people of the Blohawk valley were still enraged over the injuries inflicted by the Indians during the Revolution, and it would have been almost impossible to convict a white man for killing an Indian. Perhaps Valentine acted in actual sclf-dcfcn,se, but at all events he was promptly ac- quitted. It is said that he came back from Canada (which he could not have been compelled to do) with the under- standing that he was to have half the reward paid to his captor, but thiit the Jatter ran oif with all the money. In the spring of 1703, Van Valkenburgh, Bu.sh, and Lay all returned with their families, and occupied the houses built the year before. The major's household, besides him- self, his wife, his youngest son, James, and the negro " Har," contained, properly speaking, another family, con- sisting of his son, Abram Van Valkenburgh, and his wife, Zilpha, a newly-married bride of sixteen. Death was still active on the shores of the Oswego, and during that season both Mr. and Mrs. Lay fell victims to the destroyer. Shortly afterwards a Blr. Penoyer occupied their place. The other pioneers continued their improvements and pre- pared to spend the winter. During one of the first years of his residence Captain Rush built a barn, which was afterwards (|uite celebrated ; being about thirty feet long, twenty feet wide, and twelve feet high. It was built of logs over a foot in diameter, and those who afterwards saw it could not but wonder where Mr. Bush got help enough to put it up. In November, 1793, Jlrs. Zilpha Van Valkenburgh gave birth to a son, who received the name of Lawrence, from his grandfather, and was the first white child born in the present town of Granby. He has generally been considered, also, as the first one born in Oswego County, but he was probably the second ; the first being Camille Desvatines, born in 1791 or 1792, the child of Monsieur Desvatines, the actual Frenchman of the celebrated " Frenchman's i.sland," in Oneida lake. The Van Valkenburghs and Bush, with their families, all spent the winter in their new homes. In the spring of 1791 the county of Onondaga was formed from Herkimer, including the whole Military tract. A new political town, called Lysander, was also organized, which included the survey-township of that name and also that of Hannibal, thus bringing the whole of the present Granby within its limits. The distinction between political towns and survey-town.ships must be Constantly kept in mind by those who would understand the changes of that day. It does not apjiear that there were any new settlers 'r all about tlieiu. Tlijrc are also several small islands in the river, but the largest of them belongs to the town of Volney. The most noted of the.se is the celebrated Rradstreet's i.sland, or " Rattle island," as it has latterly been called, opposite lot 40, in the northeast corner of this town; and it wa.s in Granby that General Rradstreet rallied his men, after the fight on the island, marched tliera up to the mouth of Lake Neatawanta's outlet, and routed the enemy from the swamp in which they had ensconced themselves, as narrated at full length in the general history. All along the river the ground was considerably broken, frequently rising into bluffs, though of moderate height. This tract was covered with a heavy growth of pines, hem- locks, oaks, and chestnuts, all of the finest kind. The pioneer, who, with rifle on his shoulder, roamed over the country away from the river, in search of deer or iiear, found the surface of the ground more level, occasionally degenerating into swamps, and covered with a dense forest of beech, maple, elm, and hemlock, with occasional ridges of chestnuts. A little more than half-way from the southern to the northern limits of the prascnt town, and oidy half a mile west of the principal fall in the Oswego, the pioneers found a beautiful little lake, sparkling in a dense, dark frame of pine, hemlock, and oak. The surveyors determined its area at about eight hundred acres, and inquisitive youths found its lowest depths to be near twenty feet. The Indians called it " N'-ah-luh-wint-tiili" and the linguists of the day inter- preted that as meaning "The little lake near the great lake." The Indian name has been very properly retained, but in printing it in other places in this work we have t,ikcn the liberty of omitting the h's and hyphens. All Indian words of more than one syllable had marked pau.ses between the syl- lables, and guttural .sounds at the ends of them. But though we adopt thi'ir names, we invariably make them eonfirm to our smoother and more rapid pronunciation. Naturally and properly we usually write them without the hyphens and h's, which denote the Indian pauses and gutturals. Occa- sionally some one tries to make an exception, but without good reason. There is no more sense in writing Ne-iih-tah- tcan-lith than there would be in writing Ohu-tny-rtr-nh, or Ciiy-t/i)i>-ijnli, or On-on-ihili-ynh. Doubtless the Indians pronounced those names thus, but we moderns don't, and it would be foolish to write them so. Therefore the little gem of Granby shall be Nealawanta, so far ;i8 we are concerned. Sub.sequent investigations showed that Lake Neatawanta was a hundred and twenty feet above Lake Ontario. Its outlet ran nearly north for two miha and then turned into the Oswego. It did not, however, afl'ord sufhcient drainage, and several marshes along the lake-shore generated malaria and disease. The territory of Granby was drained by several small streams. The largest of these was Ox creek, which rose on the edge of Hannibal, ran in tortuous course a little north of west, and emptied into the Oswego some four miles be- low the present southern line of Granby. Three or four much smaller streams ran into Lake Neatawanta, while in the north part of the present town were the head-waters of Rice creek and Eight-mile creek. The pines and oaks along the river were extremely fine, and large quantities of them were cut down and railed to Montreal and Quebec, where they found ready sale to Eng- lish .ship-builders. The first clearings had usually been made by girdling the large tret's, cutting down the small ones and the underbrush. When the tops of the girdled trees died, the sun came down between the trunks with sufficient freedom to bring out very fair crops from the virgin soil. In the spring of 180C the town of Hannibal was formed from Lysandcr. It included the whole of the survey-township of Hannibal, and the tliirty-three lots of the survey-township of Lysander, before mentioned as lying in a notch between Hantiibal and the river. To return to the course of settlement. lu 180G, Barnet Miller located in the neighborhood of Barnet Mooney. Cornelius H. Miller moved over there from the ca.st side shortly after. In 1807, John I. Walradt purcha.sed a part of lot 74 of James Ilugunin, and put up a small frame house, which was the first elapboarded residence wc can hear of in town. He was an active, enterprising man, and soon afterwards was engaged in portage on the west side of the river. Previous to 1807 the portage business had been carried on entirely on the east side. A " portage," however, diil not invi^lvi' tin' invi'slnient of any great amount of capital. %j, s».- ,...* T.R Wright. Mrs J. RWright. ^%'J!S^'^*^ig''!j^ ' ?^ ' '^?^--.tt'';?^ ! fe?'^'' Residence or THOMAS R.WRIGHT, Oswe&o rALLs, N. Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 391 A yoke of cattle and a stout wagon were the principal necessaries, though several teams might be used. Goods were brought from the east, through the Mohawk river, Oneida lake, and Oswego river, to a point just above the falls, in what were called Durham boats, — large, flat-bot- tomed boats, carrying about twenty-five tons of freight each, and propelled on the river by men going from stem to stern on " running-boards,'' provided with cleats, and pushing with poles against the bottom. At the point just men- tioned the freight was transferred to ox-wagons on one side of the river or the other, carried down about a mile and a quarter, and re-embarked below the rapids in bateaux, propelled by oars, carrying about eight tons each, and sent down to Oswego. Sometimes, it is true, Durham boats were found below the falls, and still more frequently bateaux were used above them, but this was the usual course. The portage on the west side was carried on with great vigor for two or three years by Mr. Walradt and others, but was finally abandoned to the residents on the otherside. In 1809, Barnet Mooney was elected to the general as- sembly from Onondaga county, being the first person ever sent to that body from the territory now comprising O.swego County. He was also chosen for the same position in 1810, 1812, and 18U. About 1810 the house built by Bush on lot 74 was oc- cupied by Truman Bronson, and the next year Moses Ives settled on the same lot. In 1811, also, a portion of that lot was taken possession of by a gentleman who was a lead- ing pioneer, whose sons were prominent citizens, and whose descendants still live near where he first located. This was Jlr. Jacob Schenck, who had visited the locality in 1808, who began preparations for a residence in 1811, and who brought on his family in 1812. Up to about this time, nearly twenty years after the first improvements had been made in Granby, there was not a .solitary .settler away from the immediate vicinity of the river. But in 1810 or 1811, John Hutchins located him- self near what is now called Bowen's Corners, four miles southwest of Oswego falls. It is somewhat difficult to a.scer- tain why so good a country as the interior of Granby lias proved to be should have remained so long unsettled, while other tracts without its facilities of river communication had filled up with a numerous population before the war of 1812, Doubtless, however, one reason is to be found in the extremely heavy timber that covered the ground, which indeed attested the strength of the soil, but which obstructed the operations of the pioneer. There was also con.siderable low. Wet ground, which interfered with the opening of roads, but which, when once drained and subdued, has be- come some of the most valuable land in the county. At all events, the testimony of the early settlers and their sons is substantially unaiiimnus that nuthing was dune towards settling up the back country until just before the war of 1812, and very little until after it. In March, 1812, William Wilson and Zadock Allen moved into the locality where Hutchins had established him,scU'. Jlr. Wilson's year-old boy Charles, now a hale old man of sixty- six, residing oidy about two miles south of the point where his fatlier located, is, so far as we can learn, the earliest surviving resident of the interior of the town. During the first year or two, of course, the new settlors had to buy their grain. Mr. William Wilson and his old- est son, also named William, then about seventeen, used to go on foot — there being no road passable for a team — to Betts' Corners, in Lysander, buy some grain, and carry it home on their backs through the woods. The next day they would carry it in the same way to Burrows' mill, now Hannibal Centre, and return with a grist. On one of these trips, being somewhat later than usual, night overtook them ere they reached home, and they soon lost their way. After vainly endeavoring to reach home in the dark, and floundering around hopelessly in the woods for some time, they gave up and sat down to wait for morn- ing, A pack of wolves got scent of them, and came howl- ing and gnashing their teeth altog(!thcr too close for pleas- ure. The youth climbed the tree, but the old man was not .sufficiently agile for that, and awaited the expected onslaught at the foot. However, the foe did not make the attack. Next morning they were delighted to hear the crowing of cocks near by. Shouldering their sacks they started for the sound, and in a few moments they came to their own little clearing, having stayed on their own land all night. Jesse Green and his son Amos settled at Bowen's Cor- ners in the summer of 1812, and William Dewey about the same time, or perhaps the year before. Mr. Cyril Wilson settled about the same time on the place now occupied by Isaac Pierce. His brother-in-law, Mr. Hale, also lived there then, and was a zealous wolf- catcher. In 1811, Deacon Elijah Mann had made his home on the river, below Mooney's place, where he was long a prominent citizen. Near the same period a settle- ment was made about a mile west of Jlann's, by Abraham Shepherd, Samuel Colby, and John Miller, generally known as " Yankee Miller," to distinguish him from the numerous Blillers of German descent living along the river. Other early settlers of the period were Daniel and John Cody, the first residents in the southea.st part of the town. But a sudden stop was to be put to the small streaui of immigration that had begun to flow into Granby. William Suhenck well remembers when a horseman came galloping at full speed along the road, stopping for a moment to tell the startled pioneers that war was declared with Great Britain, and then hurrying on to warn the people at Oswego. Visions of invasion immediately arose before the minds of the scattered settlers, accompanied by dreams of Indian massacre, which was then considered to be the inevitable accompaniment. Yet the pioneers nearly all held their ground, and the women often had to care for their fiimilies alone during the absence of the men on military duty. John I. Walradt was an officer in the army, doing gal- lant service with the American forces in Canada. His wife, the eldest daughter of Daniel Ilugunin, of Oswego, and endowed with all the force of charaoler which di.stingui.shed that family, managed the ]iro]ierty during his absence. Throughout the war the river teemed with business, to an extent unknown before .since great armies passed along it during the old French war. 'Va.st amounts of artillery, munitions, and stores were frequently collected at the falls, either awaiting transportation or because that was con- sidered a safer place than Oswego. 392 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. About twenty large cannon and a very extensive and valuable assortment of warlike stores, intended for the great sliip-of-war "Superior," were thus assembled at the tails when the British attacked Oswego, in May, 1814. The thunders of cannon came rollin-; up the river, reawakening; the fears of invasion and massacre wiiicli had been lulled to sleep by two years of safety. Resolute Mrs. Walradt, knowing that her friends in Oswego were in great danger, — esiieeially two of her brothers, one of whom was in the land and the other in the naval service, — could not sit still and await the result. Mounting her horse, as narrated by her daughter, Mrs. Howell, she galloped off towards the scene of battle, often obliged to bend low to escape the boughs which overhung the narrow trail that served as a road. She soon met the fugitives streaming up the river- shore, and learned the unfavorable result of the conflict, but also learned the safety of her friends. Every one expected an immediate advance of the enemy to capture the stores at the falls, but the British had received sufiBeient punishment at Oswego, and were willing to leave in brief order. One afternoon about a fortnight later, both shores of the river at Oswego falls were astir with several hundred soldiers and sailors, and the river itself was crowded with heavilv-loaded boats, for Lieutenant Woolsey was about setting forth on his hazardous expedition to take the guns and stores of the " Superior" through to Sackett's Harbor. The success of that exjwdition, and the complete defeat inflicted on the foe who undertook to capture it, have been described at length in the general history. Nolwitli.standing the diflieulty and di.'^eouragement pro- duced by the war, Jacob Schenck, in 1814, erected his Baw-niill, on whieh he had begun work as early as 1811. Cyril Wilson purchased a share in it before it w;is raised, and helped finish it. This was the first mill of any de- scription built in Granby. Young William Schenck went up along the river, through the present Oswego town, nearly to Oswego village, and back into Hannibal, to invite men to the raising. There seems not to have been a very cordial feeling between the people on this side of the river, who were all farmers, and those on the other, who were mostly boatmen, and hardly any of the latter were invited or were present. From all the country thus scoured about twenty men were got together to put up the mill. After the war, immigration recommenced, though still with faltering steps. Scth Camp made the first settlement at West Granby about that tinio, though the exact year is not known. In March, 1811), Oswego County was formed, the town of Hannibal, which still included Granby, being the only one west of the Oswego river in the new county. As the territory of the presi'ut Granby had had the hono'r of having the first assemblyman from what is now Oswego County, so it furnished the' earliest " first-judj:c" of that county, and in the same j)erson, — the lion. Uarnet Mooney. By this time there was a regular road opened through the whole length of the town along the west side of the river, and considerable travel on that side. As Mr. Wal- radt had probably the best house in the settlement, and as tavern-keeping was then the most high-toned business there was going, the peo|ile insisted that he should open a tavern. In fact, travelers were determined to stop with him any way. Accordingly ho hung out a sign, and this was the first tavern in Granby. For many years it was the tvntre of business on the west side of the river, town-meetings, general trainings, and similar gatherings being usually held there. There was now sufficient population, so it was thought that the great town of Hannibal, which contained over a hundred s<|uare miles, would bear division. Accordingly, by an act passed on the 2(ltli day of April, 1818, two new towns were formed from Hannibal, — Oswego and Granby. The latter included the thirty-three lots of the old survey- townshiji of Lvsander, whiih had previously Ix'cn a part of the political town of Hannilial, and nineteen lots of the survey-township of Hannibal ; that is to say, it included all the land within the present limits of Granby, the north part of lot 4i;, and the whole of 157. The two tracts la.st named formed a triangular piece running down the river almost to Minetto. This triangle was subsequently cut off from Granby and annexed to the town of Oswego. The first town-meeting was held at the house of Cyril Wilson, on the first Tuesday of May, 1818, Barnet Mooney acting as moderator and Peter Schenck as clerk, when the following officers were duly elected : Supervisor, Elijah Mann, Jr. ; Town Clerk, John Schenck ; Assessors, John 1. Walradt, Alfred Clark, and Stephen McCabe ; Collector, Samuel Fairbanks; Overseers of the Poor, Seth Camp and John Miller; Commissioners of Highways, Cyril Wilson, Daniel Cody, and John Miller ; Constables, Samuel Fairlianks and Samuel Colby. There were nine road districts in the new town, which had been laid off when it was a part of Hannibal. These were recognized as road districts of Graidiy, and the follow- ing path-masters were appointed : In district No. 1 , Cor- nelius Miller ; No. 2, John Schenck ; No. 3, Stephen Mc- Cabe; No. 4, Western Allen ; No. 5, William Dewey ; No. G, Amos Green ; No. 7. William Fairbanks ; No. 8, Rufus Spencer ; No. 9, Samuel Whitman. It was also resolved that the path-ma.sters should be fence-viewers and pound- ma.sters in tln'ir respective towns. At the same meeting Elijah Mann, Seth Camp, and Cy- ril Wilson were chosen commissioners of common schools, while no less than six inspectors of common schools were apjiointed, viz.: Benjamin Robinson, John Miller, Abraham Shepard, William Wilson, Gamaliel Fairbanks, and Peter Schenck. A petition was also directed to be sent to the council of a]i))ointnient at Albany asking lor the appoint- ment of Elijah Mann, Jr., and Seth Cainji xs justices of the peace for the new town. It will doubtless seem a little curious to tho.se who have long honored their town under the name of Granby to learn that at the very fii-st town-meeting a resolution was adopted directing that a petition he sent to the legislature asking that the name be changed to De Witt. This was doubtless out of compliment to Simeon De Witt, who had been for over thirty years surveyor-general of the State of New York. For some reason the legislature declined to comply with this re<|uest, and fertile Granby has long since gained a reputation which would make its citizens very un- willing to relinijuish that time-honored name. fi I n i m m ^Bmmammaati^» y Mrs.J.H.Whitcomb. m ^ff.i^ "<^ «««*• ^^ I" r -* i*iS»^^ i i ^ 15^ ♦ *.lr^ A 3^ ** t', :* -2 < a* S;%^ Jilf^DS EYE VIEW or THE M»?W >>"" /fES/DENCE C HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 393 The " rules and regulations" previously in force in the town of Hannibal were re-adopted at this meeting. Among them was a resolution that hogs should not be suffered to run at large ; that double the sum appropriated by the State should be raised by the town for school purposes ; that lawful fences should be five feet high, and that for at least two feet from the ground the rails should not be more than six inches apart. Another resolution read as follows : " Resolved, That the former bounty of ten dollars be given to each inhabitant of this town who shall kill a wolf in the said town. Also three dollai-s for each bear." The bears couldn't catch sheep and were dangerous only to hogs. Of these they occasionally killed one for food, but did not de- stroy them wantonly, as the wolves slew the sheep. Two of the assessors failed to act, and it seems to have been ascertained that there were too many inspectors of schools. So, at a special town-meeting at the house of John I. Walradt, held on the 18th of June following, the people elected John I. Walradt and William Wilson as as.ses,sors, and Benjamin Robinson, Abraham Shepard, and John Miller as inspectors of schools. At the same time it was voted to raise two hundred dollars for the repair of roads and bridges. In this year (1818) Seth Williams made his home at the place which wa.s for a long time called '' Williams' Cor- ners," after him, — a name that has hardly yet been displaced by the newer one of " Granby Centre." His son, Amasa Williams, then a boy, now a resident of O.swego Falls, de- clares it to have been a terrific country around there for big trees, snow, bears, and wolves. A man named Penton had located there and cleared an acre or two of land, but had moved away tw6 or three years before. Aside from that, Seth Williams was the first settler there. A mile or two north lived Rufus Spencer, and about a mile south was a settler named Crofoot. Eastward, there was no one be- tween Mr. Williams' house a!id the immediate vicinity of the river, while on the west the forest stretched in un- broken density far within the limits of Hannibal. The old settlers generally agree in representing the snows of those days to have been somethinjr wonderful. Mr. Amasa Williams says his father, during the first years of his residence at the Corners, used to take enough grain to mill in Hannibal to last the family till spring, and then come back and " den up" for the winter. He declares that during the first two winters they saw only one person not belonging to the family. That was a man who came through on snow-shoes, and was welcomed as if he had been a visitant from a better world ; or, as Mr. W. himself says, " we were tickled to death to see him." Yet a stranger was such an unwonted phenomenon that the children were somewhat shy of him. Two or three of them ensconced themselves under their mother's loom, and thence looked out with alternate joy and fear at the .strange apparition. About 1817 or 1818, Benajah Bowen bought out Mr. Hutchins and settled in the locality, which has since then been generally called Bowen's Corners. Around this locality and that of West Granby there was beginning to be con- siderable settlement, while on the Hannibal road, running through Williams' Corners and Dexterville and still farther north, there was almost none. Benjamin Pierce (^father of 26 Isaac Pierce) settled about half a mile south of Williams' Corners in 1820, on the place previously occupied by Cyril Wilson. The next year Calvin and Isa;ic French located in the same neighborhood. The former has ever since re- sided on the farm which he then took np. He, too, men- tions the heavy timber and the snows as the reason for the slow settlement. When he came there was no one between Williams' and Hannibal except a man named Smith, who had lately located himself at the point now called Dexter- ville. About 1819 or 1820, Seth Camp built a saw-mill and a small grist-mill with one run of stone at what is now West Granby, this being the first grist-mill in town. Three or four years later Mr. Fairbanks opened a store there, also the first in Granby. Shortly after, he erected a distillery at the same point, and this, too, was the first institution of its kind in town. " Camp's Mills" then bade fair to be- come a flourishing country village. A tavern was soon under way, of which Simon Ockabock was one of the first landlords. Among other early settlers there were Martin Kelsey, George Ockabock, Alexander Sprague, John Bul- len, and William Draper. About 1828, Jacob Bakeman, a thrifty mulatto, and a son of the Henry Bakeman who had settled near the falls at the beginning of the century, went out and bought Seth Camp's mills, which ho owned and managed for many years. A colored man who owned mills was thought to be something of a phenomenon, and attracted considerable at- tention. There wore no others of his race in the vicinity, but as he was a prominent property-owner outsiders insisted on calling the place " Niggerville." It was so called for many years, and even to this day the more high-toned ap- pellation of " West Granby" finds hard work to maintain itself in current use. Mr. Rodman Dexter settled at the point now called Dex- terville in 1829. Even then, as we learn from his daughter, Mr.s. Clark, it was almost all woods in that part of the town ; only once in a while there was a little clearing, with a log house in it. A man named Welsh lived at Dexterville ; and there was one other clearing, which Mr. Dexter bought. No one lived west of that point, in Granby, and the first settlement eastward was in the vicinity of Williams' Cor- ners. In all the section of the town northward there were only a few scattering clearings. Meanwhile, however (^between 1825 and 1828), the Oswego canal had been constructed on the east side of the river, business became brisk, and long-neglected Granby began to increa.se rapidly in population. People found out that when once the great trees had been cleared away, and the occasional marshes had been drained, a fertile soil and easily-tilled surface rewarded the enterpri.se of the farmer, and from a wilderness the whole town was rapidly transformed into a smiling agricultural region. Efilirts were also made to utilize the water-power of the Oswego. A saw-mill was built at " Horse-shoe dam," about a mile above the mouth of Ox creek. It was run for many years by Messrs. Geer & Paine, but was finally abandoned. In 1826, Nehemiah B. Northrop had built a grist-mill at the falls, the first along that side of the river bi'lween Three Rivers point and Oswego. At a still earlier period 394 lIISTOKi' 01' OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW VOUK. (iilxiiit 1K2(I) III' liMil l>iiilt n niiil-fuclnry in tlic .same local- ity. Iiiit this was loiivcrliil into a siiw-iiiill hliortly aHer the l>ilil(liri<; III' tilt- canal. Great cli»ii(;e^ took jdaee all tliroufili the town between 1830 ami 184(1, |iriiK'i|ially in tluMlcvelopnient of the farni- inj; interest. O.-wepi KalU li:i>l not yil liefjuii to put on the a|i]iearancc of a villai;e. There was only a Kinall eliriter of houses at J{iiwen'.s ronierc, and anolhi-r at Wiiliaui.s" Corners, wliicli then hejran to be ealleil Granby CVnIre. Hut ilci-idcly the livelie.st place in town was the locality with the unsavory name, which we need not rc|H-at, usin<; rather the modern designa- tion of West Graidiy. About 1 Sl}r) there were at that point a frrist-miil, a .Miw-niill, a distillery, a store, two tav- erns, and nu less than four blacksmilh-shups, Ix'sidcs 6f\ceii or twenty dwelliiiL's. A lame amount of travel jML-v^ed through ficim Ly.sander, Ira, and other southern towns to Oswego and Fulton; so that butli blacksmiths and tavcrn- kwpcrs had jilrnly of liusines,s. Hut with the };nat linancial crisis of 1837 business was sharjily checked, and when it revived travel had been diverted to other routes, and the trlory of West Granby became a thiiif; of the )iast. John l?ullen, John Draper, and others kept the store. Alfred Ili-igins at one time owned both mills, a tavern, and a store. Andrew Pecker, still a resident there, kept tavern in what was liicetiously desifiinited as (he '' Astor House" about 18KI. Business was then rapidly dyin^r out; as if West (iranby was bound to be first in everything, the first church building in town was erected there in ISIli. Ii was built by the Episco- palians, who had established the pari>li of ."^t. Luke's sev- eral years previously. AVilh the building of the Syracuse and O.'-wrgo railroad, in ISI.s, running as it did for twelve miles llimugh the town, the facilities of communication with nunuinus mar- kets were greatly increased. Streets and blocks were laid out at Oswego Falls, and the village of that name began to take form and shape, A ])lank-road was built from that point to Ilannilialville, which has been one of tiic most successful in the country, being only abandiined about two years since, although almost all other roads of the kind were given u]i ten or filU-en years ago. Another was built at the same period from the (alls southwest through Howen's (."orners, and thence into Ilannilml. This was abandoned many ycarssince. I'lank-roading has evidently had itsday. Since 185(t, Graidiy has shown n moderate, steady growth, the pursuits of her ]ieople being still ]>riiicipally agricultural. The forbiilding forests, wliieh so late as lifly years ago covered more than three-fourths of the town, have given ]ilace to one of the fimst farming tracts in the Slate. The traveler who in inidsuminer drives over its gently-rolling surface, sees broad fields, covered with ample crops, of all kinds of grain spread out in every direction around him, while bright green groves occasionaily relieve the eye, and handsome white houses, with sub.st4intiul farm- buildings, adorn the .sides of the roads, — an almost infal- lible ]irciof of the goodness of the .soil. And not in ]ieaccful pui-suits alone have the sons of (iranby |ilayed well their parts. The long li.st of her sol- diers, subjoined to this sketch, accompanied by that of the host of battles in whiili they took ]>art, shows that wlien their country called none were more prompt to respond or more ready lo meet the foe. VILLAGE OF OSWEGO FALLS. As has been st:iteroviding for its incorponition in 1847, but 8»i few were the inhabitants that no steps were taken to carry it into effeer-mill it was occupied by his sons as a ehain-factory ; it having originally been erected for that use. Near by is a large saw-mill, also belonging to Mr. Schenck. Just above the upper bridge are two extensive factories, both owned by the Oswego Falls manufitcturing company. Each is of brick, four stories high, with a ba.sement. The westernmost factory was built about lS()',i; the other, sev- eral years later. The latter is and has been employed in the manufacture of prunella, al|mca, and other worsted goods; the former has hitherto been a woolen-faetory, but is now being refilled with new machinery, and is henceforth > to be devoted, like the other, to the luaking of worsted goods. In the rear of the western building are fifteen HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 395 brick " weaving-sheds," in which the looms are situated. Of these, about five hundred are now kept running, with a strong probability of an increase to a thousand in the course of a year or two. Besides the buildings before mentioned, a large four-story brick building has lately been erected near the river-bank, which is also to be devoted to the same business. An extensive machine-shop is likewise connected with the factory. Besides the above, there are in the village one hotel, four stores, two school-houses, and several shops, restaurants, etc. The Oswego Falls agricultural society has its grounds, and holds its annual meetings, in the western part of the village, on the shore of Lake Neatawanta. A full account of this in- stitution has been given in the general history of the county, but when it was written none of the compilers of the work had actually seen one of the fairs of that society. The writer of this sketch, having witnessed that of 1877, is prepared to indorse the general i)]nniou that the Oswego Falls agricultural society is one of the most successful insti- tutions of its kind in the State. The following is a list of the presidents of Oswego Falls since its incorporation : Peter Schenck, 1853-54 ; John V. Smith, 1855; Peter Schenck, 1856, '57, '58, '59 ; John V. Smith, 1860 ; Peter Schenck, 1861-62 ; J. G. Willard, 1863 ; Peter Schenck, 1864-65 ; Philander H. Wandell, 1866. A new charter was then granted, by which the village presidents were elected directly by the people. The subsequent presidents have been as follows : Dorastus Kel- logg, 1867; C. K. Howe, 1868; Ransom G. Alger, 1869; John Wall, 1870; C. P. Duteher, 1871; F. W. Baker, 1872; James Parker, Jr., 1878 ; Edgar M. Baker, 1874; Abram G. Hugunin, 1875 ; Edgar M. Baker, 1876-77. The following are 'the present officers of the village : President, Edgar M. Baker; Trustees, Timothy Sullivan, F. M. Baker, Alnion Wilcox, John McCarthy, William Gillard ; Assessor, W. F. Stephens; Treasurer, F. M. Baker; Collector and Clerk, Daniel Sullivan. Of the hamlets situated in various parts of the town, Granby Centre (formerly Williams' Corners), two miles west of Oswego Falls, is now the most considerable. It con- tains a church, a grocery, a post-office, a .sash-making shop, a cheese-factory, a wagon-shop, and between twenty and thirty quite fine houses, handsomely shaded with trees. The cheese-factory belongs to a stock company, and turns out about eight cheeses per day. Two steam-mills were in operation here about a quarter of a century ago, but both have long since been abandoned. Dexterville, two miles farther west, has a grocery, a post- office, and about a dozen houses. A steam saw-mill was built here in 1851 by Rodman Dexter. It burned down in 1857, but was rebuilt by Erastus Dexter. It was torn down in 1873. West Granby contains a neat church, a blacksmith-shop, and about a dozen houses. Bowen's Corners hits a very handsome, commodious, and substantial brick school-house, a cheese-factory, a grocery, and twelve or fifteen houses. This factory also belongs to a stock company, and makes from ten up to twenty-five cheeses per day. South Granby is a station on the Syracuse and Oswego railroad, four miles up the river from Oswego Falls, which, though surrounded by a fertile and wealthy agricultural county, has as yet made no progress toward city grandeur. THE EPLSCOPAI, CHURCH. The parish of St. Luke was organized as early as 1838. Rev. G. B. Engle had charge of this parish, in connection with one at Fulton and one at Baldwinsville, in 1838-40. In 1841 he had charge of thb and the Baldwinsville par- ish. In that year, or the one following, the church edifice of St. Luke's parish was erected at West Granby. After that the pari.sh, in connection with that at Fulton, was under the pa.storal charge of Rev. A. C. Treadway, Rev. 0. P. Holcomb, Rev. Geo. S. Porter, Rev. T. N. Bishop, and Rev. L. D. Ferguson. The latter gentleman's ministry closed in 1861, and shortly after the church building was sold to the Methodists, and the communicants became per- manently connected with the Fulton parish. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This was organized about thirty years ago, but owing to the loss of the records the exact date cannot be fixed. There was a class at Granby Centre, and another at West Granby, which met in school-houses. They were some- times connected in circuits with other classes outside of the town. About 1852 a small church building was erected at Granby Centre, and about twelve years ago, as before stated, the Episcopal house of worship at Granby Centre was pur- chased. Some of the later ministers who have officiated have been the Rev. Messrs. Gurrington, Clark, Turncy, Allen, and Grant. The circuit is now organized with clxsses at West Granby, Granby Centre, and at Minetto, in the town of Oswego. The following are the present officers : Pas- tor, Rev. C. H. Harris; Stewards, Elisha Hyde, Isaac Pierce, and Benjamin Wells. The Reformed Methodists have also had a class for many years, which met at the school-house at Bowen's Corners, but its numbers are now greatly reduced, and oiily occa- sional services are held. Supervisors. — Elijah Mann, Jr., 1818-19; Seth Camp, 1820; Elijah Mann, Jr., 1821; Seth Camp, 1822-23; Ambrose B. Kellogg, 1824-31 ; John Sammons, 1832 ; Edmund Bramhall, 1833-35; John Phillips, 1836; Ed- mund Bramhall, 1837 ; Amory Howe, 1838-39 ; George Kellogg, 1840; Alanson Dodge, 1841-42; William Schenck, 1843; Almarin Fuller, 1844; W. B. Gaylord, 1845-46 ; Alanson Dodge, 1847; William Schenck, 1848; Alanson Dodge, 1849; Jas. D. Lasher, 1850-51 ; Alanson Dodge, 1852; James D. Lasher, 1853; Willard O.sgood, 1854-58; J. G. Willard, 1859-62; James Parker, 1S(;3; J. D. Lasher, 1864; Charles Howe, 1865; J. G. Willard, 1866 ; B. Frank Wells, 1867-68 ; Isaac W. Marsh, 1869- 72 ; I. F. Pierce, 1873 ; J. C. Wells, 1874-75 ; Ezra S. Hogeland, 1876; T. R. Wright, 1877. Town Clerics. — John Schenck, 1818; Nehomiah B. Northrop, 1819; Benjamin Robinson, 1820-21; Artemas Curtis, 1822; Benj. Robinson, 1823-24; Artemas Curtis, 1825-28; Benj. Robinson, 1829-30; Loren Guiding, 1831 ; John Phillips, 1832-35; Elijah Phillips, 1836-38; Alviney Wright, 1839-41; Peter Schenck, 1842-49; 396 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YOIIK. Wilhml Osgood, 185(1-, J. G. Willard, 1851 ; James Par- ker, lH5:i; J. (J. Wilhini, 185:}-54; Diirius K. Bellows, 18r)5; Harvey Siuitli, ISfjG; J. G. Willard, 1857-58; Charles T. Wood, 185i)-G(t; Elvin A. Hempstead, 18C1- (12; IVter Scluntk, ISO:!; Rciij. U. Howe, 18(54; Peter Seheiick, 1H(;5; Amory li. Howe. 18i;(;; B. II. Howe, 18C7-72; C. A. Northrop, 1873-74 ; B. II. Howe, 1875; F. M. Baker, 187G-77. PKESE.NT TOWN OFFtfKRS. Supcnisor, T. R. Wri-^ht ; Justices of the Peace, Mel- viii F. Stephens, J. J. Fort, Washington Lanipman, and Hiram Balliird ; Town Clerk, F. .M. Baker; A-ssc'Sors, Nathaniil Stewart, H. M. Fuller, and William D. Edgarton ; Overseer of the Poor, William II. Tompkins; Commissioner of Highways, M. A. Kelsey ; Collector, James Gilhooley ; Constahles, Eugene Van Buren, John E. Parker, Michael Ward, Major F. Phelps, and John E. Kinney; Game Con- stiible. Major F. Phelps; Commissioners of Excise, John Cornell, William Killbyle, Samuel D. Andrews; Town Auditors, Daniel H. (iilbert, Jackson Reynolds, and Isaac W. Marsh. BIOGRAIMIICAL SKETCHES. JOHN C. WELLS. The origin of the " De Welles" family of Lincolnshire, barons by summons to parliament, was in the Vaux. or dc Vallihiis family of Franco, one of the most illustrious fami- lies known to history. The derivation is traced back over a thousand years to the year 794, from which period they held the highest rank personally, and by royal intermar- riages. It was founded in England, at the Coiifjuest, by Harold de Vaux, and his three sons. Barons Hubert, Kanulpli, and Koliert, wlio were all surnamed de Vallibus. The descent is ihrutigli the younger son Robert, whose grandson William had four sons, one of whom was William de Welles, of Lincolnshire, 1104, who became the founder of that long line of noblemen of Lincolnshire whose his- tory is given in full by Dugdale, in his standard work on the baronage of England. As early as 1038, three brothers, George, Richard, and William, emigrated, and were among the first settlers of Lynn, Maa^achusi'tts. From this family the subject of this sketch traces his descent, through ex-tiovernor Thomas Welles, of Connecticut. John C. Wells was born in the town of Trenton, Oneida county, New York, January i), 1821, and was the son of Elisha (1. Wells, a native of Connecticut, who settled in Oneida county when John C, eldest son, was only ten years of age. There were six children in the family, whom the father, being a teacher himself, gave as groat opportu- nity for an education as hi.s limited means would peimit. One son, Lucius, graduated at Union college and Cam- bridge law school ; Franklin graduated at the Albany Normal school ; John C. in his earlier life was a teacher, farming during the summer and teaching winters. He re- mained at Trenton until twenty-four years of age, and removed to Uranby township, (Jswego County, and settled on lot C5, baying one hundred and twenty-five acres, clear- ing and making tillable a large part of it. He married Mis.s Lncretia Augusta Meigs, daughter of Edward Meigs, of Delaware county. New York, and a de- scendant of Vincent Meigs, who cinie from Hevonshire, England, 11)38. and s«'ttled at Guilford. Connecticut. Of this marriage were born two childn-n, vii., Ijanra Crocker Wells and Edmund Meigs Wells. The daughter now resides at home. The son graduated at a Philadelphia dental college in the class of 1872. John C. Wells has been identified with the Epi.scopal society, and contributed to support religions interests around liim, and encouraged all enterprises looking to the education of the rising generation. His wife united with the church when only sixteen years old, and has remained a inendier of the Episcopal church until the iiri-sent time, engaging actively in Sunday- school work. In politics, he was first a Whig, and U[ion the formation of the Bepublican party joined its ranks, remaining firm in its principles, receiving various local offices from the suf- frages of his townsmen, and was supervisor and assessor of his town, any Centre when she died. Her instruction to her children was of the highest type of morality and Clirislianity, and her pure ex- ample and uiis]K>tted life leavg their ini|>rint on the minds and eharaeler of her offspring. She dieil March 11, 1809. Mr. Pierce lived to see four generations in his own family; he was a man of hardy constitution at first, and active as a business man, but after a life of care and toil he died in his ninetieth year, in the year 1875, January 10. *?* 'fe RlSlDLNCi OF I. F. PIERCE, GlfANBY,N[ARGlfANByC€HT£ff,O5mGOC0.,N.Y. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 399 WILLIAM B. GAYLORD, the subject of this sketch, was born in Now Lisbon, Otsego county. New York, in the year 1814, being the son of Minor Gaylord, who was of New England parentage, born in Connecticut, and of English descent from William Gay- lord, who emigrated from England at an early day, and obtained his land from the Indians. The grandfather of William B. Gaylord was captain of a company in the French and English war. Ilis father removed from Connecticut, and settled in Otsego county as early as 1810, and after- wards returned to his native place, and married Miss West, of which marriage were born two children. The mother dying, he afterwards married Miss Elizabeth Burr, of Now England parentage. Coming back to New York State, where he had previously purchased a farm, commenced clearing off the forest, and began farming. Of this mar- riage were born five children, of which the subject of this sketch was the eldest son. The family resided in Otsego county some twenty years, and then removed to Lafayette, Onondaga county, 1830, and again engaged in farming. Remaining there only si.^ years, the family then came to the town of Granby, Oswego County, and settled on lot No. 21, a part of which is now occupied and owned by William B. Gaylord, an engraving of whieh will be seen in another part of this work, showing the improvement in agriculture during his day, and the result of his ambition and labor. At the age of twenty-five years he married Miss Harriet Tator, daughter of Frederick I. Tator, whose parents were natives of Dutchess county, New York, and of German descent. Of this marriage were born seven children, viz., Jehial A., Mary Frances, James M., Edwin P., Lydia Ann, Willis C., William F. Gaylord, all of whom are now living, and the four eldest married and settled as farmers. The other three live at home with their parents. Among the most enterprising farmers of Granby town- ship is found William B. Gaylord, engaging largely in raising hops and tobacco as specialties, but keeping a small dairy on the farm, most of which he cleared of its original forest, and now has in a high state of cultivation. Taking an active part in politics, he has been identified witli the Democratic party since he first had a vote, but always weighing the man by the platform upon which he stands, or the prineijiles he represents. He has received on several occasions the suffrages of his townsmen, and held tiie offices of supervisor, commissioner of schools, and as- sessor. Receiving sufficient education to become a teacher in his younger days, he has always been favorable to the advance- ment of education in the country. Now, in the sixty-fourth year of his age, William B. Gaylord is classified with the represintative families of the town of Granby, and has contributed largely to the interests of good society wherever his duty has called him, and now past the meridian of life, he and his wife live to enjoy the result of many years of toil and labor, surrounded with duti- ful children, who appreciate the remembrance of a loving mother and a kind father upon the pages of history, which they have assisted with others to make. JACKSON REYNOLDS. The subject of this sketch was born in Westchester county, New York, April 10, 181 G. He was the son of Eli Reynolds, of Connecticut, and whose forefathers were of English birth on the father's side, but of Dutch descent on the mother's. His father having been married twice, he was the only child by the second marriage, his mother's name being Hester Lent, daughter of Borden Lent, who was a guide in General Washington's army during the Revolutionary war. By the first marriage of his father to Miss Vermiliar, daughter of Isaac Vermiliar, a soldier of the Revolutionary war, were born three children, viz., Isaac, Jiihn, and Julia; the first two being dead. Julia resides at Glenham, Dutchess county, and is the widow of Henry Atwood. Jackson Reynolds, during his early days, had little oppor- tunity for an education, and as soon as he was old enough, after being in the em])ioy of Bronson & Crocker, boating on the Oswego and Erie canal, purcha.sed a boat for him- self and commenced transporting wood to Syracuse and salt back to Oswego. When he was nineteen years old, in the year 1835, he came with his fiither to Oswego County, and settled in the town of Granby, on lot No. 45, where he now resides. His father bought one hundred acres, a tim- ber lot, and with his son began clearing off the original forest. After nine years the father died (1844), leaving the son and mother to take care of the property. The son bought the shares of the heirs of his father's estate, and has since cleared and made tillable a large part of the farm, building a fine farm residence, and surrounding it with fruit-growing and ornamental trees, an engraving of which may be seen on another page of this work, as the result of his ambition and toil, together with the portraits of him.self and wife. At the age of twenty-five he married Miss Charlotte Hewitt, daughter of Christopher Hewitt, a native of Connecticut, of English descent, her mother being of Welsh birth. Miss Charlotte Hewitt was born in Saratoga county, February 17, 1813, in the second frame house erected in that county, and built by her grandfiither, who was a major under General Washington in the Revolutionary war. To Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds were born two children, both of whom died in infancy. By a life of industry and economy they have acquired a fine property, and now having pas.sed the meridian of life, live to enjoy the result and fruits of their labors. Jackson Reynolds united with the Presbyterian church of Fulton, New York, some twenty years ago, and still remains a member of that body. His father belonged to the Democratic party, and he, on arriving at the proper age to use the right of sufi'rage, although opposed to slavery, adopted the balance of the Democratic platform, and has since been connected with that party. He is classed among the pioneer representative families of Oswego County, and has alwaj's been identified with every interest in his town and neighborhood that had for its object the enlightenment of the people and the further- ance of principles of right. He lias been connected with the public interests of his town as commissioner of iiigh ways and auditor, and is known 400 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. by his fellow-men as an example of integrity and stability. His mother d'wd January, 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds are amon<; those families of the town of tir.iHliy who are its bone and sinew, without which society would liw all its hi;;he8t iotcrestH, and the town be a blank in the count}'. MORGAN liLAKKMAX. The subject of thb sketch was bom in the town of Berne, Albany county, March 26, in the year 1813. He was the twelfth child of a family of fourteen children of Simeon RIakenian. a native of Connecticut, and of Eiii;li.sh descent, from three brothers who came from Kn^dand and settled in the ea.st about the time of the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The father came from Connecticut to Albany county, and afV'rwards married Mi.ss Lydia Fuller, daughter of William Fuller, of Dutch descent. Morgan Blakeman was hired out by his mother when only thirteen years old (his liither liaving died ). At the age of twenty-five he married Miss Lydia Baker, daughter of John and Susud Baker, of New England descent. Afler two years, and in the year 1837, he, his wile, and one child, came by canal and settled in the town of Graiiby, on lot No. 30, buying ninety-si.x acres of tindter- land. Remained on his larni for about fifteen years, and cleared off nearly all the timber and erected buildings. In the year 1852 he moved again and si!ttled on the same lot, buying seventy acres, and made considerable improve- ments; remained some fifteen years, and removed again, and settled on lot No. 29, in same town, where he now resides. An engraving of his residence and surroundings, U)gother with ]H.)rtraits of himself and wife, will be seen in another part of this work. To Mr. and Mrs. Blakeman were born ten children, viz.: John, Sarah, Cynthia, Elizabeth, Aaron, Susan, George, Lydia, J^ydia E., and Lois. All of these children are now living except Lydia, who died in infancy. The mother of these cliililren early in life united with the Baptist church, remained firm to its doctrines, careful in the moral training and religious instruction of her children, an ex- ample of true womanhood, and died October II, 185,"). He married for his second wife Mrs. CoBin, daughter of John H. Lam.son, of J^ysander, Onondaga county, and widow of the late Enoch Coffin, of the same place, in the year 18G4. Morgan Blakeman is now in his sixty-fifih year, bavin" led a life of activity as a farmer, and now, having pa.s.sed the meridian of life, is surrounded by the result of his labor, and has accumulated a fine proj)erty. He has taken an active part in the political matters of his town, but never desired any office, and is a member of the Democratic party. His father dying when he was only eleven years of age, hi.i opportunities for an education from books were very limited ; but his success in acfpiiring property, his repre- sentative character as a man, by all who know him, have gained for him the reputation of an honorable man. ASA PHILLIPS. Identifier] with the pioneer history of Oswego County far more than in name was the late Asa Phillips. He was the priiici|ial germ of the village of Pliillipsville, loeiited on the West side of the Oswego river, now called Oswego Falls, in the town of Granby, and may justly be called the patron and founder of that prosperous village. Thus prominently identified with the early history of that jiart of the county where he spent most of his life, a biography of him demands a place in this history. ,T^''*'») Asa Phillips was grcat-gi-andson of Michael and Freclove i'hilli|>s, grandson of Elijah aiul Rhoda Phillips, and .second son of Rev. Asa Pliillips, of English descent, who married Miss Anna Works, daughter of Inglesby Works. He was born in Ashford, Windham county, Connecticut, January 12, 1794. About this time his father removed to Marcellus Hills, Onondaga county, New York, purchased a farm, and settled down with his family. By economy and energy he not only Jirovided a comfortable living, but gave his children a liberal education, sending his eldest son to college. The father died in 1813, at the age of forty-four years. Afler a few years Asji Phillips bought the other children's shares of their father's estate. lu 1816 he came to Geddes, Oin)nduga county, bought a large interest in the Sidt-works, shipj>ing and tran.sporting his own salt to Albany and other places. He soon conceived the idea that the great water-power at Oswego falls would give greater scope for his operations, and removed there in 1824, then only a wilderness with one log house. He at once built a shingle- factory, several saw-mills, blacksmitli-sho]i, and dwelling- houses for his men, and soon after built a very large hotel (1828), which reu)ained until 1868, and was burned. The canal being completed in the year 1830, he put packet- boats on it, and carried on trade for several years. He at first bought a mile sfjuare tract of land, — a soldier's right, — but f^/fS f^ORGAN BiAt^EMAN. MffS.p/IOffOAN BLAf^EMAN, {DtCtASEO j FfES.of MORGAN BLAHEMAN, GRANaY,Osw£9o Co.J.Y. HISTOKY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 401 afterwards disposed of it by sale in New York. Afterwards purchased another large tract of land on the oppcsite side of the river, divided it into lots and sold, where a large part of the village of Fulton is now located. His ambition for enterprise and speculation increasing, he went to New York, engaged in banking and speculation, which proved unprofit- able. Returning to Fulton, New York, in the year 1844, he began again at the bottom of business, not weighed down with reverses, and by undaunted ambition and energy soon began to control operations in business circles, and was again in possession of a large property. Often opposed by strong men in matters of public interest, yet his resolution, firmness, and good judgment led others to seek his counsel. In politics, first a Whig, afterwards a Republican, he stood in the front rank ; considered principles rather than men ; never consented to take a public office, although often Solicited. He was a warm supporter of the constitution and laws of our country, and lived to see the bane of the Republic, slavery, abolished. He was consistent in his views of religion and education, and always gave liberally for the support of both, having built the first school-house at Oswego Falls, and employed a teacher at his own expense. He married Miss Polly Barnes, of Johnstown, New York, January, 1815, and of this marriage were born two daugh- ters, Julia A. and Ordelia Phillips, the second one dying in the year 1 842. After a life of active toil and an almost un- paralleled record as a pioneer, he died in the year 1865, aged seventy-two, his wife dying some four weeks before, aged also seventy-two years, leaving his property with his only surviving and eldest daughter, Mrs. Julia A. Broadwell, a lady of good executive ability and high culture. SETH PAINE. The subject of this sketch was born in Herkimer county, in the year 1797 ; his father being a native of Connecticut, and of English descent. At the age of twenty-five, in the year 1822, he married Lucy Brew.ster, whose parentage was also of New England origin, and who was born in 1801 ; she being the daughter of Frederick Brewster, who was a lineal descendant, in the sixth generation, from Rev. Wil- liam Brewster, who came with the Puritan fathers from England in the ''Mayflower" December 11, 1620, and settled in Duxbury, Massachusetts, and afterwards remov- ing to the State of Connecticut in the year 1648. Seth Paine, while quite young, came to Onondaga county. New York, with his mother, his father having been killed before they removed, about three years, by the falling of a tree. The mother and son settled in Camillus, the mother having been married again to Mordecai Ellis before they removed. He lived at home with his step-father for a few years, and at the age of twenty started for himself; took charge of Judge Geddes' farm while he was surveying for the Erie canal ; engaged in boating when the canal was finished, 1833-34. He, at the age of thirty-four, and in the year 1831, came to Oswego County and settled on lot No. 24 in the town of (Iranby, buying some one hundred and eighty-two acres of timber land, a large part of which he cleared himself. He is justly classified among the pioneers of the county, locating first in a rude cabin, but the next year built the house where he spent the remainder of his days, an engrav- ing of which will be seen between his and his wife's por- traits in another part of this work. Before removing from Onondaga county with his family he came to what is known as Horse-shoe dam, in the town of Graiiby, and built a saw mill, in company with his brother- in-law, William S. Geer. He, in the year 1812, Bulisted in the military service, and was engaged in defending the frontier at Oswego and other points against the attacks of the British, receiving afterwards title and land-warrant, — a soldier's claim ; was promoted to the office of captain of the State militia. In politics he was originally a Whig, and upon the formation of the Republican party joined its ranks, remaining firm to its principles through his life, and voting for every president of the United States from the time of casting his first vote, regarding the right of suffrage a boon conferred upon every American citizen ; was school-super- intendent, and held town offices, never soliciting an office ; held in high estimation by his fellow-men. At an early period in his married life he and his wife con- nected themselves with the Baptist church of Jacksonville, Onondaga county, taking a very active part in the interests of that body, having held the office of deacon in the church for many years before his death. He was a warm sup- porter of the common schools of his town, and ready to contribute liberally to advance education about him, not having enjoyed the highest privileges himself while young. He was especially interested in Bible history and chro- nology, and to those subjects he addressed all the energies of his determined mind more like a student than like a laboring farmer. His researches were well repaid by the amount and kind of knowledge which he secured. He wrote an article on the subject of Northern-lights, which was generally received as giving a very correct theory and the result of much study and thought. To him and his wife were born three children, viz., Lucy G., Clarissa S., and Oliver Paine. Of these, Clarissa S. married Marshall Hale, of Plucnix, Oswego County, and had one child, named Oliver A. Hale, who resides with his father in San Jose, California. The mother died June 3, 1852, at his father's house, at the age of twenty-four years. Lucy G. married Charles S. Fuller July 8, 1845. To them was born one daughter, Clarissa P. Fuller, who married Mr. Wm. G. Belts in 1875, and resides with her parents. Oliver Paine married Miss Sarah E. Works, daughter of Andrew Works, of Oswego County, in 1864. Of this marriage were born two children, viz., Fred. Brewster and Clara E. Paine. At the death of Seth Paine, October 30, 1860, his son ( )livcr came into possession of his father's estate, and now has erected one of the finest residences in the town of Granby, an engraving of which, showing the result of his ambition and energy, may be seen under his father's and mother's portraits, contrasting as the picture docs the rude structure of a half-century ago with the enterprise and thrift of the present generation. 402 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. AAUON STRANAIIAN. MRS. AAttON STRANAIIAN. AARON STRANAIIAN was born in Columbia county, New Yoik, in tiio tdwn of Chutbam, October 18, 18((7, being a son of Aaron Stran- ahan, {iraiidson of John Stranaban, and j;ro;it-f;randson of James Stranaban, wbo einij;nitoJ from Ireland in the year 1725, and settled in llbode Island. Aaron Stranaban, tbe father of the subject of tliis sketch, was a farmer b}' occupation, and had a family of seven children, of which Aaron. Jr., w;us the third son. Means for obtaining a good education from books being very limited, he only received instruction sufficient to be able to read and write vcrv jtoorly, but his .success in after- life shows clearly that one's education docs not all come from books. Brought up to the occupation of a farmer, lie has mainly followed it through life At the age of nineteen yeai-s he removed to Onondaga county from Herkimer (his fatlier having previously removed to that county), and engaged in farming and teaming. In the year ISIill he came to Oswego County, and settled in the town of Granby, in which town be has since resided, buying various pieces of timber-lots, clearing off the timber and making the land tillable, and in all has cleared and cau.scd to be cleared several hundred acres, engaging very largely in the lumber trade and wood bu.sine.ss, delivering to Salt Point. In the year 18211 he married Mi.s3 iMereia Eggleslon, daughter of Paul W. Eggleston, who was of English de- scent, and of New England parentage. Of this marriage were born eleven children, si.\ of whom died in infancy. The second daughter, Elsey, died at the age of twenty- three years, in the year 1864, having married Mr. Isaac Dann ; they lived in California at the time of her de- cease, she, with her two children, having been burned to death in lluir own Ikiu.sc at the linie of its destruction by fire. The names of the surviving children are Adeline J., Smith N., Gipson, and Luvilla. The eldest is in Cali- fornia ; Smith N. resides in the town of Granby, near bis father; Gip.son lives near his father, and carries on his father's farm, looking after his every want in his de- clining yeaiT*, and as bis sun sets in tbe horizon of life. The daughter, liuvilla, now Mrs. Cooper, resides in the town of Hannibal, in this county. Learning early in life from tbe father the secret of suc- cess as business men, the sons stand among the first farmers of the town and county i[i which they reside. The mother, now in her seventy-second year, has lived to see her children grow up and ripen into manhood and woniaiihdod ; a woman of high moral culture, and always caring for the needj' and helpless. Aaron Stranaban was firsfc- identified with the 'Whig part}', casting his first vote for Henry Clay, for president of the United States. At the formation of the Kepublicjin party he joined its ranks, and has never swerved from its principles, at all times asking of his party to put forward its best men, looking to the representative principles held by the man as sufficient guarantee to command his vote. He now resides on the homestead (an engraving of which will be seen on tbe oppo:-ite page) where he has lived for some twenty-five years, having accumulated sufficient of this world's goods to place his children in comfortable cir- cumstances, and have enough left to supply the comforts of life during the balance of bis days here. He has willingly supj)orted tbe cause of education in tbe vicinity, and only asks that inasmuch as means are pro- vided for the education of all, let all be educated. Very few men have spent so long a life of activity and usefulness as has the subject of this sketch, and he now lives to see the results and fruits of some of bis labor. =0 . C3 t f*l ? n rn o >i >■ 3* ^ o z (A — 1 :o *■ 2: *• 3: >> JS o * *' > '•( * ■-s '^ i ? ■s #, o CO o 3 5 o z HISTORY OP OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 403 WILLIAM H. TOMPKINS was born in Saratoga county, New York, January 23, 1823. He was the son of Benjamin Tompkins, of Greene county, New York, of New England parentage and of English descent. His father, in the year 1827, moved from Sara- toga county, and settled in Jacksonville, Onondaga county, having at that time two children, of whom William H. Tompkins was the eldest. In the year 1835 the father, with his family, which at that time consisted of himself, wife, and four children, viz., William H., Israel, Phebe, and Charles, all of whom are now living, removed from Onon- daga county, and settled in the town of Granby, on lot No. 17, on Oswego river. His father followed the occupation of a farmer, and was among the pioneers of this State, but not so early in this county as many. He gave his children only a limited opportunity for obtaining an education, but all that his means would afford at that time. William H. was reared upon a farm, and accustomed to the hardships coincident with clearing off the forest and making the land tillable. At the age of twenty-five years, and in the year 1848, he married Miss Harriet Emeny, daughter of James Emeny, who emigrated from England in the year 1831, and settled in Herkimer county, and after ten years came to Oswego County with a family of two children, of whom Harriet was the eldest, and was born January 28, 1823. To Mr. and Mrs. William H. Tomp- kins were born two children, Daniel James and Hattie E. The father, by a life of great industry and activity, has accumulated a fine property, making a specialty of fine stock-raising, and as an example of his ambition will be seen an engraving of his intended new residence on another page of this work. He is classed among the most enter- prising farmers of the town of Granby. His son, Daniel James, afler receiving the advantages of a common school, first graduated at the Falley seminary, at Fulton, and in the class of 1875 graduated at Cornell uni- versity, Ithaca, New York, and has now connected himself with the law firm of Pratt, Garfield & Brown, in the city of Syracuse. As a mark of his ability and standing, he represented the university of which he is a graduate, in New York, at the inter-collegiate oratorical contest, and stood second. In politics William H. Tompkins is a Democrat, but with such standing as a man in the town in which he lives as to command the support of both parties. He and his wife both united with the Methodist Episcopal church of West Granby in the year 1865, and still retain their mem- bership with that body. His father died in the year 1858, but his mother still lives, being in her seventy-seventh year. He has held the office of postmaster for three years, and was also poor-master of his town. JASPER H. WHITCOMB. The subject of this sketch was born in Rutland county, Vermont, March 7, 1822. He was the son of Ephraim Whitcomb, of New England parentiige, and granJ.son of Colonel Elisha Whitcomb, of the war of 1812, and of English descent. His father, when Jasper only fourteen years of age, was killed while engaged in raising a barn. Of his father's family there were ten children, six by the first wife and four by the second, he having been married twice. His father married Miss Olive Harris, daughter of Deacon David Harris, of New England origin, for his first wife; Jasper H. was the fifth child of the first family. His father came to Oswego County in the year 1827, and set- tled on lot 22, buying one hundred and seventy acres, in company with his brother-in-law. He put up a log cabin, and began clearing off his land, making quite large improve- ments before he was killed. Jasper H., in after-years, bought the other shares of the children of his father's estate, and has since resided on the same farm ; and a reference to the engraving on another page of this work will show not only the improvement in agriculture by fields of wheat and tobacco in place of the original forest, but the rude cabin supplanted by the finest brick farm residence in the town of Granby, as the result of his ambition and toil. Since he came in possession of the estate he has from time to time added some one hundred and forty acres, which now commands one of the finest locations in this part of the county. In the year 1852, January 8, he married Miss Louise A. Harris, daughter of David and Polly Harris, of New Hampshire, and of English origin. Of this marriage were born seven children, viz., George H., Herbert E., Mary L., Frank I., Emma F., James D., Charles E., and Fred. E. Whitcomb, all of whom are now living. The eldest son is a graduate of Union college. New York, and a practicing physician in Phoenix, Oswego County, and ranks high not only as a medical man but as a member of society. The rest of the children still remain at home. He re- ceived a very limited education from books while young, but his succe.ss as a business man gives a record showing that one's education does not all come from books. Willing to assist others in what he was denied of, he has contributed liberally for the support of schools and church, and taken all pains to give his children an opportunity to receive more than a common-school education. Although his father was a Democrat of the old school, he cast his first vote for the president of the United States for James K. Polk ; but, at the next election, being opposed to the extension of slavery, joined the Free-Soil party, and latterly merged into the Republican party, where he has since remained firm to its principles. He was drafted into the home guards during the late Rebellion, but never served. He is now in his fifty-fifth year, and, although in middle life, ranks as a farmer among the first of Oswego County. He was the main man in establishing a shipping-post for produce at South Granby, and as in that, so in all public enterprises in his vicinity, stands in the front rank. Jasper H. Whitcomb is very favorably known among his fellow-men as a man of high morals and integrity ; never was a seeker of public patronage, but has held some town offices, and his residence has been the central location for the polling-place of district No. 2 in his town for the last twenty years. 404 HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. / MAVID WllJ.CUX. The aubject of this sketch Wiis huni in A.shl'oid, Wiiid- liuiu county, Connecticut, October 20, 1797. His father, Stcplicn Willcox, wa.s also of New Kiii^land parentajjo, and descended from an En^lisli family who early came from Kn<;land and settled in the New En;.;laiid States. There were si.\ cliildren in his father's family, of whom David Wits the eldest, and when he was only six months old his father removed to Murcellus, Ononda: in battle of Chnncellorsville; dis. and ro-enl. Keb. 14, lSfl5, in oih T. P. V. AdulbiTt Warren, Co. A. Enl. 1861, two years ; promoted to lieut. ; in battle of Fredericksburg: dis. auJ rc-cni. 24th Cav. Thoniu.-* Fiebl. Co. E. Enl. May, IMrtI, two years ; died Aug. 6, 1801. Thomas II. Howe, Co. K. Enl. May, IStil, two years: dis. 180.1. Peter Cathcart, Co. E. Eol. Sept. 23, IHOl, three years; promoted to sergt. : dis. Sept, 22. 1804. Hurt CiUheart, (\». E. Enl. Sept. 23, 'CI, three years : dis. April 6, '03. Francis II. Howes. Enl. May, 1861, two years; dis. in 1803; took part in seven battles. Reuben M. Johnson, Anson HcfTron, Stephen E. Chambers, Ileury Collins, Levi S. Churrh, Benjamin F. Darling, Abner D. Graham, Charles Murray, Uichard Uolfe. Ttrenttf-fuurth t'uvitlri/ (being Twenty-fourth Infantry, reorganized). — Dustin hadd, Co. I. Enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years : in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvauia, Petersburg: died at Ale.xandria, Va., Aug. l.'i, 1804. William Ladd, Co. I. Enl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years; in battles of Wilderness and Spottaylvania; promoted tu eorporal ; dis. July lit. ISOd. Jubn It. Nichols, Co. A. Enl. Dec. 15, 1863, three years: went through battles of (irant's campnign in 1804; died i>f wminds received at Petersburg. Charles Murray, Co. A. Enl. I)ec. !.'>, 1863, three years; in twelve batlleM under tirrint; wouixled in shoulder; dis. June, 1800. Albert E. .Miller, Co. I. Enl. Jan. 5, 1804, three years: in battles of Wilderness, Spottpylvania, and Cold Harbor; promoted to corp. ; prisoner at lUclimoml and Andersonville three months. Ocorgc Ludd, Co. I. Knl. Jan. 4, 1804, three years; in battles of AViUlerness, Spotlsylvunia, Petersburg; dis. July !>, ISOo. Jacob T. Hall, Co. K. Knl. 1803, three years; dis. Oct., isn4: in battles of Wilderness, and others. Charles H. (irabani, Co. M. Enl. June 22, 1S04, three years; in bat- tles of Wilderne.as, Spottsylvanin, Cold Harbor, North .Anna, Weldoti U. U. ; taken prisoner at Petersburg; dis. Aug. 7, 1805, Abner Uraham, Co. A. Enl. I>ec. 21, 1863, three years; dis. July 19, 1865; in all battles of (jraot's eampaign of 1S64, exeept Hatcher's Hun. James Stewart, Co, I. In several battles and wounded. Franklin Allen, Co. I. Enl. Dee. 31, 1803, three years; di^'. July 0, 1805; in battles of Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor. Edwin Bradsbaw, Co. I. Enl. Jan., 1S03, three years ; killed by acci- dent on his way home. Henry Collins, Co. A. Enl. Dec. 19, 1803, three years; dis. July 10, IHCj ; in battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and Weldon R. R. ; wounded twice. Charles Jennings. Enl. Jan. 18, 1804, three years; wounded at ibe Wildcrnc.HS, May 5, 1804. Richard Kolfe, Co. A. Enl. Dec. 21, 1803, three years; dis. July, '65. Caleb Conklin, Co. E. Enl. Sept., 1863, three years; dis. July 20, 1805; in battles of Antietam and Roanoke Island. Thomas M. Cole, Co. E. Enl. Dec. 10, IH03, three years; promoted to Cor]>oral ; dis. Sept., 1805. Thomas Cole, Co, E. Enl, Jan. 4, 1803, three years: prisoner at various places, anil finally eleven months at Antu8 Perkins, Co. I. Enl. Jan. 12, IS04, three years; dis. Juno 15, 1805; in the battles of (irant's campaign, 1804; wounded be- fore Petersburg. Adelbert Warren, Co. I. Knl. Dee., Is03, three year.-: »li.'<. July,*05. B. F. Darling, Co. A. Enl. Dec. 12, IS6;',, three years : dis. July 28, 1805; iu battle of Cold Harbor; wounded at Petersburg. Thomas R. Gillard, Co. K. Enl. Juno 14, 1864, throo years; dis. July 19, 1S05: was in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North .\nua. Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Welditn R. R., Peebles' Farm, and others. William Brown. Co. I. Enl. Dec. 24, 180.3, three years; dis. Aug. I, 1S65; In battles of Wilderness, Cold Harbor, uod Petersburg; wounded. Marvin Showers, Co. 1. Enl. Jan. 1, 1S04, three years ; promoted tu eorporal ; died at Winchester, Va.. Oct. 3M. IS04, of wounds re- ceived at Cedar Creek. Thomas Showers. Co. I. Enl. Jan. 4. IS64, three years; dis. .\pril, 1805; in altaek on Charleston, etc. James S. Brown, Co. I. Enl. Jan. 4, IS04. three years ; in battles of (irant's campaign, spring of 1S64 ; killed before Petersb'g, June 24, isiil. Andrew J. Bassett, Co. I. Enl. Jan. 4. 186*, three years; dis. July 8,1805; in battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cidd Harbor, and others. Warren Wooldridge, Co. E. Knl. Jan. 1, 1S04, three years; died July 7. 1X04. Ilcnjamin Brown, Co. E, Enliifited Septemlier 3, IS65. Gilbert Chiler, Co. A. Stephen E. t'hnndler, Co, A. Enlisted Dec. 24, 1S03. Edward Dowling, Co. E. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1804. Charles K. Hinehey. William H. Miles, Co. E. Enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. Tunis Williams. Samuel Warren. Stj-tfiiitft Itifiiiitrjf. — David Perry. Enlisted 1861, three years ; died Dec. 23, 1863, of wounds received at Chiekamauga. Rosaloo Watson, Co. E. Enlisted March 27, 1865, three years. David Burke. Enliste-I February 29, 18C4. Thomas Bell. Enlisted February 29, ISOI. John Dowling, Charles Dunham, John Knright, Charles Lc Roy, Hiram S. Miller, Janu'!> Young. (htr //uHt/rtit nii'l TtrenUf-Mtrttud litfttutrif, — George E. Fisher, Co. A, Enlisted July 29, 1802, three years; in battle three times at Fredericksburg; also at Mine Run. (icttysburg, Wilderness,— about forty in all; twice wounded; promoted to sergeant; dis. July 3, 1805. Charles M. Stevens, Co. G. Enlisted Aug. 8, 1802, three years. George Look, Ephraim Look, Henry Look, Thomas Pritchard, Wm. H. H. Look, Jud.son Rice. Merritt Stephens, Samuel Stephens, all for three years. Eujhtii-fuHt lii/uutvif. — Anilrew H. Yeomans, Co. F. Enlisted Sept. 10, 1801. three years; re-enlisted; was in battles of Williams- burg. Seven Pines, Drury's Bluff, Cobi Harbor, ami Petersburg. Arthur Yeomans, Co. F. Enlisted Sept, 24, iSOl, three years; re- en1i:. lOnlisted March, 1805, one year; rc-cnlisted, and died at Cold Harbor. Harrison Visger, Co. I). Enlisted April 10. 1805, one year. Jeremiah Visger, Co. li. Enlisteil April 10, 1865, one year ; pro. to Corp.; dis. Aug. 2, 1865: in battles of Wiiichesler and Bunker: wounded at Cedar Creek. Grove Ci. Cook, Co. D. Enlisted March 3, 186.i, one year. Anson House, Co. I. Enlisted March 11, 1805, one year : discharged Aug. 8, 1865. Abner Pooler, Co. 1. Enlisted March, 1865, one year. James Holton, Co. I. Enlisted March, 1865, one year: in service after war. Eugene Warren, Co. 1. Enlisted March, 1865, ono year; promoted to corporal. William Suinmerville, Co. I. Enlisted March, 1865, one year. Edward P. Summerville, Co. I. Enlisted March, 1865, ono year. Clark Burl, Co. I. Enlisted Feb. 20, 1805, one year. Chas. L. Lando, Co. I. Enlisteil March 30, 1865, one year. Peter Green, Jr., Co. I. Enlisted Moreh 30, 1865, one year. Liberty Arnold, Co. I. Enlisted March 28, 1865. one year. Nelson C>, Edward Keats, Mich- ael McGralh. l>avid H. Pratt, Norman Pulen, Justin Showers, Win. E. Slimpson, Wm. H. Storms, .\btjah Vinton, Henry Williams, Theoilorc V. Warlock. Wm. Veeklcy, Burt. Catbcart, Levi Albright, Henry Busber. ('(ir.i^j,.— James H. Stewart, Co. I, Ist N. V. Enl. Dec. ,30, 1863, three years; re-cni. .'^cott's 900. Herman Schenek, Co. 1. 3d N. Y. Enl. Aug. 19, 1861; killed by guerrillas, near Washington, N. C, May 3, 1863. John ll.Scribncr, Co. I,3d N.Y. Enl. Aug., 1801 ; dis. Aug., 1804. Ward Southard, Co. A, 12th N.Y. Enl. Aug. 20, 1862: dis. March 29, 1803. Amos Fanchcr, Co. A, I2lh N. V. Enl. Aug. 20, 1862; killed at Ply- mouth, N. C. Henry C. Wilco.\, Co. A, 12th N. Y. Enl. Aug. 13, 1862; dis. Aug. 1, 1865; in Andersonvillc prison 4 mos.; in battle of Tarboro', N. C. ; taken prisoner nt Plymouth. Miles Wilcox, Co. A, 12th N. Y. Enl. Aug. 13, 1862: ilis. Aug. 1, 1805 ; in battle of Kingston, N. C. Molvin F. Stephens, Co. B. I2tli N. Y. Enl. Sept. 13, 1862, three years; at taking of Washington and Kingston, D. C. ; promoted to Ist sergt.: dis. May 20, 1805. Robert A. June, 12lh X. Y. Enl. July 12, 1803, three years: killed by guerrillas at Swansboro', N. C. Hector .Martin, Co. C, 12th N. Y. Enl. Aug. 5, 1802, three years; dis. May, 1804. Alfred Kclsey. Co. B, I2th N. Y. Enl. Aug. 21, 1802; dis. July 19, 1804 : in balllc of Kingston, N. C. James N. Carvey, Co. A. 12lh N. V. Enl. Oct. 8, 1862 : prc.muted to Corp.; prisoner at Anilersonville, aiul died there Oct. 19, 1864. Chas. Ouderkirk. Co. A, 12th N. Y. Enl. Aug., 1.S02; promoted to Corp.; died at Newbern, N. C, Aug. 7, 1803. Lawrence Ouderkirk. I'o. B. 12lh N. Y. Enl. Aug., 1802; dis. .luly. 1805; woundi'd at Kingston, N. C. Chas. Baker, .\. S. Brown, Wm. Cornivell, Wm. Mnrlin, David McLaughlin, .Sidney Polcu, Henry Whipple, J. .M. Wilcox, Jr., Molvin Hume, .\ndrow Perry. Bernard Sullivan, Judson Sny- der— 12lh N. Y. ; John Hone. 15lh N.Y. Fi'rtt Aeut I'r.rA- Arlilliri/. — Lyman Durfee, Co. F. Enl. Dec. 24, 1803, three years; dis. June, 1805. Chas. II. Stewart, Co B. Enl. Sept. 10, 1801, three years; in battles of Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Centreville, and many others ; re-enl., and dis. June 22, 1805. John E. Stewart, Co. B. Enl. Jan. 14, 1804, three years : dis Juno 22, 1805 : was in battles of .Spottsylvania, North Anna, Belhesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Wcldon K. R., Chapel's House, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg. AntI y Prcmo, Co. F. Enl. Jan. 24, I80;|, three years; dis. Juno 23, 1805; in battle of Willininsburg. Chester Cooper. Enl. Dec. 24, 1803, three years ; dis. June 23. 1805 ; in batllesof Williamsburg, Fair Daks, and others under McClel- lan : also Fredericksburg and Cbancellorsville ; re-enl., and in Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and others under Grant. HISTORY OF OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 411 Thomas Abbey. Enl. March, 1864. John Dacy. Enl. March IS, 1864. Joseph Premo, Co. F. Enl. July 23, 1864, three years. Pctrie, Co. F. Enl. Feb. 29, 1864. James Nicholson. Fiiat Acw York Light Artiltery. — Chas. Waters. Enl. March 3, 1864, three years; dis. June 2.S, 1865. Chester Cooper, Co. B. Enl. Oct. 5, 1861; dis. Dee. 23, 1863; in battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Savage Station, Peach Orchard, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville. Louis Bush, Co. F. Enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Francis Champion, Co. F. Enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Andrew Ilickey, Co. F. Brazilla Pepper, Co. F. Enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Joseph Stratton, 1st lieut. Nathan P. Reynolds. Other ArtUlertj enlistments. — Wm. Bonn, Co. G, 2d N. Y. Enl. March 13, 1863, three years ; dis. Feb. 5, 1865 ; in battle of Cold Harbor ; wounded at Petersburg. S. W. Houghtaling, Co. B, 3d N. Y. Enl. Jan. 10, 1863. Clark Gregory, 9th N. Y. Enl. Aug. 16, 1862, three years; dis. Jan. 14, 1865. Joseph H. Wilber, Co. K, 9th N. Y. Enl. Aug. 19, 1862; died July 16, 1865. Geo. McDongal, Co. I, 12th N. Y. Enl. March 9, 1864. Wm. H. Case, Co. F, 2d N. Y. Heavy. Enl. Feb. 27, 1S64 ; dis. June 5, 1865 ; in battles of Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, North Anna, and Petersburg. Geo. Pooler, Co. C, 2d N. Y. H. Enl. 1863, three years ; supposed killed in Wilderness. Henry C. Welsh, Co. I, 9th N. Y'. Heavy. Enl. Jan. 9, 1863, three years; dis. May 25, 1865; in battles of Cold Harbor and Peters- burg: taken prisoner at AVinehester. John L. Whipple, Co. K, 9th N. Y. Heavy. Enl. Aug. 13, 1862, three years ; dis. July, 1865 ; in battles of Martinsburg, Cold Harbor, and others. Robt. T. Whipple, Co. L, 16th N. Y^ Heavy. Enl. Jan. 4, 1864, three years; dis. June 16, 1865. Timothy Becbe, Barry's Lt. Fiftieth Eiiyiiieers.— Daniel F. Schenck, Co. D. Enl. Aug. 21, 1861, three years; dis. Oct. 21, 1864; pro. to lieut. and capt. John Lynch, Co. D. Enl. Aug. 21, 1861, three years; dis. Sept. 22, 1864 ; pro. to serg, ; in battles of Fredericksburg, Petersburg, and others. James L. Frost, Co. D. Enl. Sept. 6, 1861, three years; served time, and rc-enl. 47th N. Y. Julius Ferrin, Co. D. Enl. Aug. 25, 1861, three years; dis. July 12, 1865; wounded at Fredericksburg. Linus Frost, Co. D. Enl. Aug. 21, 1861, three years ; pro. to serg. ; dis. Sept. 21, 1864; in battles of Chiokahominy and Fredericks- burg. Silas Brown, Co. D. Enl. Sept. 7, 1861, three years; dis. Sept. 24, 1862. Abraham Fancher. Enl. 1861 ; dis. 1862. Andrew Bolts, Thomas Crccn, Eli.as Randall, Hiram Thorp, Henry J. Dunham. Scnitcrinij Enlistments.— Ucnry (ioodfL-Uow, Co. A, 40th Inf. Enl. Jan. 1, '65; dis. July 1, '65; in battles of Petersburg, Hatcher's Run, and others. James C. Henncssy, Co. G, 48th Inf. Enl. Feb. 21, 1865, for three years; dis. Oct. 9, 1865. Andrew Prowd, Co. E, 59th Inf. Enl. Oct., 1862, for three years; dis. Oct. 29, 1863 ; re-enl. in 193d Inf. ; in battles of Malvern Hill, 2d Bull Run ; woun