'J''k>,^. \^'^ WS ^""^ ^^^^ /^\ ''^^^ .'V^^ -^ . '^yih ^^ '••' ' large number of ne- groes, notably Dr. Roy's. Thos. W. Garrett's, Lotty Sloore's, Mrs. Col. Spencer's, etc. ^th. — Report comes this morning that the Yankees are in force at Walkerton, setting fire to houses, mills, etc.; could see smoke ascending from three or four dif- ferent points. About two o'clock heard the booming of cannon, evidently from gunboats returning down the river. About four o'clock Halback, Tommy Ryland, and I started toward ^Valkerton, passing through by Mrs. Cook's, McTelland's, and Dr. Henley's. Xear Dr. Henlev's a shell passed near us and exploded. ^Ve turned towards Hillsborough, and pretts' soon sa^y three boats, all shelling the bluffs on King William side; as they passed Hillsborough, they fired a volley of small arms at Mr. H. and the children standing in the yard. Several balls struck the end of the brick dwelling, and one passed through a window and struck a door. Shells were thrown at citizens at various points, one at Mrs. R. Douglass, sitting in the porch at Frazier's Ferry with a child in her arms. 6th. — Yankees reached Walkerton Thursday night about one o'clock; landed four hundred infantrv'. seiz- ing horses as they advanced bv land towards Ayletts. At this place they burned foundry, store, dwelling, and granaries. An immense deal of property was destroyed, negroes taken away, horses stolen. Qth. — Learn to my regret that Harriet, a daughter of Rev. I. D., was dying. He has been sadly afflicted, — diphtheria. 1 2th. — A party of gentlemen assembled at Stevens- ville, notablv Col.' Wm. B. Davis, Elders R. H. Bagbv, and R. H. Land, Capt. ^L P. Todd, Rodney Dew, J. ^L Jeffries, to devise measures to protect ourselves. Our enemies are adopting a barbarous warfare; we must defend ourselves. Hear of several cavalry fights 176 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA near Brandy Station, — enemy finally driven across the river. 15th. — Very warm and dry, Lucy Fleet left with Tom. Henley to go to Middlesex. 1 6th. — Another meeting of citizens at Providence to confer about defense. The enemy in some cases force women and children to take the oath or leave their home. Col. A. Fleet called to order and Elder R. H. Land prayed. There has been a large peace-meeting in New York city, — thirty thousand people present. They ac- knowledge that they have been whipped. 17th. — General Ewell has captured Winchester, storming the works, capturing cannon, stores, and pris- oners. 2 1 St, — Reported to-day that Yankee cavalry was ad- vancing from Gloucester Point; our company assem- bled, thirty strong, and took a position to attack them in case of an advance. They turned off, however, pass- ing up by Carlton's store, and then took the direction of Ware's Church. We have now three companies of home guards; one at Newtown, one at Stevensville, and one at the Courthouse, commanded by Captains Lump- kin, Bagby, and Todd. 2 2d. — All three companies of home guards met at the Courthouse, also one company from King William. It has been rumored for a day or so that the Yankees were again advancing, and we feel very well prepared to receive them, for we have one or two companies from the regular army now in the county. 24th, — Several gunboats at West Point creating some alarm in the county. 26th. — Yankees making a raid by Old Church, Han- over Courthouse, and enter King William at Nelson's Bridge. 27th. — Company in camp at Dunkirk, slept on blan- ket and oilcloth, with saddle for pillow. Twice during the night ordered to saddle up, but a heavy rain led us to desist. About day we started across the river, march- ing in the direction of Hebron Church, where we joined Douglass' and Croxton's companies, all under Col. Douglass. At Hebron entered the church, built up a KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 177 good fire in the stove. Just as we began to get comfort- able, in dashed pickets reporting that the enemy were almost upon us. The report proved deceptive, for the enemy had turned off on another road towards Brandy- wine. Col. Douglass moved in that direction on another road. I, with Albert Hill, Bennie Fleet, Boone Dew, and Wm. Samuel, left as a picket near the chapel. After a while we rejoined Col. D., striking the Brandywine road, but the Yankees had passed down ahead of us. Our battalion subsequently ran into the enemy near Sharon Church, but as it was found the enemy were too strong, we fell back before them. That night my com- pany recrossed into King and Queen. (We ascertained later that there was a considerable force of infantry with the cavalry which we had encountered; it was for- tunate we were not seriously engaged with them.) On Saturday night (27th) I reached Walkerton, together' with T. McLelland, W. C. Anderson, Jos. Griffith, Henry R. Pollard, Chas. Didlake, John Thurston, Moore Wright, Robt. Woodward, E. S. and Alexander Acree. Nothing occurred during the night. 30th (Tuesday). — We have been cut off from Rich- mond and have no mails. Yankees are certainly land- ing a heavy force at White House. July ist (Wednesday). — Rumored that the Yankees are advancing in heavy force through King William. Attend prayer-meeting at Bruington; exhortations from R. H. B., J. R. G., Col. Fleet, and Arthur Temple. 3d. — Sultry. The Yankees are in considerable force in King William, camped on Jas. Roane's land, and can be distinctly seen from this side. Heavy and rapid firing heard from 6 :30 to 7 yesterday evening. Our com- pany go into camp at Rosemont, and picket river from Walkerton to Dunkirk. 5th. — Yankees at Walkerton in gunboats. 8th. — A boy born to Mrs. L. T., weighing nine pounds. Delightful rain to-day, first since May 8th. 9th. — Capt. Bagby's company (home guards) had weekly meeting to-day. We find that there are two de- serters, who had hid themselves in a cave; caught one; the other escaped. 178 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA loth. — Hear depressing news of the fall of Vicks- burg. iith. — Weather of most remarkable character — air humid and thick like Indian Summer, — sun hardly to be seen at all; has the appearance this p. M. of sun in eclipse. Wind south. 1 2th. — Same appearance of the atmosphere and of the sun to-day. Basement of dwelling very damp. (This weather continued through next day, — yet no rain, though heavy dew.) 14th. — Capt. B. [R. H. Bagby] returned from Rich- mond, reporting that his company was accepted by De- partment, and he got all the ammunition he asked for. Heavy rain. 20th. — Port Hudson on the Mississippi capitulated on the ninth, after garrison had eaten their last mule. Tremendous riot in New York, but Lincoln suspended the draft. 22d. — Appropriate and excellent exhortation from Dr. Robert Ryland of Richmond. 23d. — Three Baltimoreans spent night, — Berryman, McGee, and Adams. The first was wounded in first Manassas. 27th. — Little Mary D. is very ill. She subsequently dies, leaving a mother greatly afflicted. 31st. — Dined at A. B.'s with wife, Mr. Jeff., Sue, and Mollie, Mrs. Col. P. and Mrs. Dr. and P. Wood- ward. August 4th. — Up early to go to Richmond with Dr. J. M. E., who wishes to consult a physician. Saw Dr. Pettacolas. Prices: Calf skins sixty to sixty-five dollars. Brown Sugar two, Loaf four. Bacon $1.75, Boots sixty to seventy-five, Salt five. Calico three to four. Corn ten per bushel, Meal twelve. Flour thirty. Bale Cotton No. 6 twelve per bale. 5th. — Spend the night at Old Church, and reach home by nine o'clock. 8th. — Mercury ninety degrees. iith. — Diphtheria and scarlet fever still raging. In- tense heat modified by a splendid rain. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 179 13th (Thursday). — Company met and drilled. Peaches very fine, 2ist. — Fast day. Had notice that the Fifth Virginia Cavalry would be along, and Col. Rosser wished break- fast for himself and otlicers. 24th. — Part of the Fifth Regiment came by, return- ing from lower Middlesex, and bringing lifty-odd Yan- kees captured from two gunboats Saturday night by marines under Lieut. Wood. The boats were lying in the river below Urbanna. We had one man wounded. The Yankees one or two killed and several wounded. Marines took possession of the boats and moved down the river in quest of other boats. People of the neigh- borhood furnished dinner to Capt. Fox's company and the prisoners, under the large oaks near Mr. John B.'s ice house. 27th. — Fifth Regiment returned and encamped near McLelland's. Walter Burke, only seventeen, took sup- per with us, — a Baltimorean. Sept. 7th. — Heard to-day of the death of D. L. — he was about seventy. Poor old man, he died without any hope in Christ. I have known him all my life, and never heard him speak in praise of any man. He scoffed at religion and watched for failings of professors. 15th. — Put down sorghum machine, ground foisr bar- rels of juice to be converted into molasses. 1 8th. — Was aroused during the night by G. R. F., who announced that the Yankees were encamped just below Carlton's store in large numbers. He reported that he, Drs. W. and H., W. R. C, and J. P., had scouted below the store, and that W. R. C, being in advance, had been fired upon and perhaps killed; that he, also, had been fired upon, but had escaped, with difficulty. (This afterwards turned out to be all a hoax gotten up on F.) 25th. — News of Bragg's victory at Chickamauga. 28th. — At a sale an ordinary pair of oxen sold for more than four hundred dollars, and common cows brought one hundred and fifty dollars. Oct. loth. — Received of Mr. B. seventeen gallons of very nice molasses made from three loads of cane. 180 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 23d. — No mails to-day, stage did not leave Rich- mond. 25th, — Cold wind, north. Heard of the death of old Mr. T. M. He was eighty-three years old, a most remarkable man in personal appearance, in disposition, and habits. From an accident in his early youth, in- juring his spine, his body was remarkably curved, — breast-bone almost, if not quite, down to the pelvis: the shortest body and the longest legs I ever saw. Owing, I think, to his disease, he was exceedingly peevish and quarrelsome, and had during his life more disagree- ments and lawsuits than any man I ever knew. I sup- pose that for thirty or forty years there was no time that he did not have one or more suits on hand. He contested the lines with each one of his neighbors, spent thousands of dollars, visited no one, and no one visited him. Indeed, he rarely spoke to any neighbor, and kept the neighborhood in constant turmoil. In early life he wrote in the Clerk's office, and afterwards preached. Strange as it may seem, he married three times. One son is married, an amiable and highly re- spected and esteemed citizen, 28th. — Heard a week ago to-day that Capt. T. JW.. H. had been severely, perhaps mortally, wounded. Great sympathy is felt for him. Apprehensions, how- ever, were not verified, for Capt. H. lived for years, and became treasurer of King William County after the war. I knew him very well; he was kind, generous, arrilable, full of fun, sprightly; never studied much, but always stood well in class; a favorite in school and out. When war broke out he joined a company made up by W. H. F. Lee, and was made O. S., was promoted to Lieutenant, and afterwards Captain; one of the bravest of the brave, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of all. 31st. — Dined at Mrs. R. P.'s with Thomas Wood of Kentucky. He had to leave his home at Lexington in consequence of sympathy with and aid to Confed- erate army. Nov. 5th. — Paid State and County tax, which, to- gether with one-tenth of my crops, in money, would KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 181 amount to upwards of six hundred dollars. Bought a mare at public auction, very poor and worn down, with sore back, and paid three hundred and eighty-five dol- lars, — worth thirty. 6th. — Attended drill of home guard, with court- martial. 8th. — Bishop Johns preached at St. Paul's, confirm- ing thirty-four, among them M. J. 14th, — Yesterday evening Logan G., a granddaugh- ter of Mrs. P. B., on horseback with E. B. : the former cutting the horse, it sprang off and both the girls fell backward to the ground. Miss G. sprang up quickly; when, seeing that she was pale, the girls came to her help, but in a few moments she died. It was indeed a distressing affair. 19th. — Dr. T. L. came to court to-day wearing a pair of shoes with wooden soles. They attracted much attention; leather is very scarce. 2 2d. — Mordecai C. reached home from Charleston to-day, sick. Company K of 34th Virginia has been South now for some weeks. 27th. — Thomas has defeated Bragg at Chattanooga, — thus come the lights and the shades. Dec. 4th. — Yankees are reported retiring before our army in the West, and so is Meade before Lee. 7th. — Salt has been bought by the county for the people. nth. — Got my share of salt to-day — 198 lbs. 17th. — Last night at 7:40 we heard a rumbling sound, which shook the house severely; in two or three seconds this was repeated. Presently other persons from outside the house came in, asking what was the cause. This was repeated again about 4 A. M. (Probably ex- plosions of magazines at Yorktown.) 25th. — A very dull Christmas, no gaiety or joyous- ness apparent. 30th. — Men hired to-day for $400, women for $100 to $150. At present rates this would make the total cost of a man about $1000. 182 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 1864. Jan. I (Friday). — Pleasant to-day, but colder towards night. 2d. — Mercury 1 1 degrees. 3d. — Getting ice. 4th. — Mr. J. N. G.'s house burned. Very little saved from the fire, some of the girls losing everything. 7th. — Three Marylanders, Johnson, Childs, and Lithicum, with us. 13th. — R. H. B. was thrown from his sulky yester- day, and again to-day as he rode with Mary R. He was quite badly hurt. 19th. — Left home for Richmond. Prices: Sugar $5.00, Coffee $18 and $20, Bacon $3.50 to $4.00, Turkeys $2 lb.. Eggs $3 doz.. Flour $200 bbl.. Meal $18 bu.. Calico $6 to $8, Domestic $5 and $6. Medicines are enormously high. 22d. — Saw General John H. Morgan and members of his staff. He is a quiet, gentlemanly-looking person, would not strike one as a dashing officer. Charges at the hotel $20.00 per day (Ballard House). Meeting to- night to raise funds for soldiers losing limbs. (Bought a horse about this time, near fourteen years old, for $450-) . ..• u • 27th. — Organized a society, auxiliary to the one in Richmond mentioned on 2 2d. 31st. — Government prices for Corn $20, Wheat $5. In Richmond, Corn $20 per bu., and wheat $30. The times appear to me to be very much out of joint, and I fear the people demoralized. I hear of some dancing in this neighborhood, and more in other neighborhoods. Feb. 4th, Court day. — Heard a speech from R. L. Montague on the momentous questions before the peo- ple. He exhorted the people to sell everything at gov- ernment prices, and to use and wear only such things as could be made at home; his words were with power. Appropriations were ordered to-day for soldiers' fami- lies. $15,000 in county bonds were sold. A colored man in the woods to-day saw two hawks fighting at top of a tree; in a short time they clinched and fell to the ground. He found they could not extricate themselves KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 18S and killed them both; he pulled them apart with difficulty. 6th. — Mrs. P. Brooke died this morning. She was calm in the prospect of death, and sang with earnest- ness and feeling " 'Tis Religion that Can Give." 7th. — Heard from a picket at Mantua Ferry that the Yankees were in King William in large force; sent mes- sage to Captain B. (This turned out to be a hoax.) 15th. — Snowing. One of Yankee officers, named Driscoll, escaped from Richmond; was captured by J. B. and others. 17th. — Intensely cold with high winds. 1 8th. — Thermometer 6 degrees above at sunrise. 2 1 St. — Sent for to see Dr. J. Lewis of King William. River has been frozen for some days, but is open to-day. 24th. — In Richmond. Paid $10 for dinner at Bal- lard House. 25th (Thursday). — Merchants ask $180 bu. for Clo- ver seed. Saw bacons sold for $8 lb. March 2d.* — Yankees reported crossing Pamunkey at Dabney's Ferry and coming this way. Capt. Bagby^ ordered his company to meet at Bruington at 5 o'clock. Capt. Magruder's and Capt. Blake's companies, of reg- ular army, with us. Passing up the road over Dickie's Bridge I met a man at the fork, one mile this side of Bruington (Capt. Charles G.), who reported the Yan- kees at Bruington. We laughed at the report, but in a few minutes heard firing and saw members of the Home Guard fleeing toward us, and Yankees pursuing. The latter halted, and soon began firing at a squad of our men near Butler's old tavern. The interval was a half- mile or more, but one of our men was struck, though not seriously hurt. (Have heard since that Col. Dahl- gren fired the shot.) Retiring before the Yankees, most of the Home Guard, with Capt. Magruder's command, took the di- rect road towards Dickie's Bridge and Stevensville. As we came down it was suggested to send a scout in the direction of the River road. Capt. Harrison of Ma- * This and the next following entry give an account of the famous Dahlgren Raid. 184 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA gruder's company volunteered to move across the fields and count them as they passed down the other road. Passed through B.'s & T. M.'s and Philip Bird's into the Cow Trap woods below Belmont. In about five minutes after we reached our point of observation, the Yankees came along and I counted them, — one hun- dred and seventy men, mounted. We gave them a shot apiece, which they returned. Presently they stopped and seemed to be feeding in Gaines' old field, but we have since learned that it was at Hocklineck. We moved back from the woods into the road, and passing by Stevensville, we joined Magruder, augmented by some of the King and Queen cavalry under Capt. Fox, the Home Guard, etc. Capt. Bagby had already drawn up his men at the forks of the road above Man- tapike. Capt. Fox was requested to take charge of the entire force, and arrangements were made to fight them should they attempt to pass. About 10:30 P. M. the enemy were reported moving. Some of our men at the same moment were moving down towards the fork on the Stevensville road, and came in contact with the en- emy just as they reached that point. Col. Ulric Dahl- gren, seeing the men in the road, rode up and demanded a surrender, snapping his pistol. The man, or men, im- mediately fired return shots, and then a fusillade began from the northeast corner of the woody slope upon the head of the Yankee column; the enemy hastily retreated. Then our boys gave a tremendous shout and rushed into the road. I noticed a horse struggling in the agonies of death and a man under him, and in a short time another man lying in the ditch with his feet up against the fence and tree; this last was Col. Dahlgren. Mean- time the Yankees were in considerable commotion, — we on our part expecting another attack, — but as they did not advance, we feared an effort would be made to flank us, and so get by. So Lieuts. Nunn and Acree, Cris. Fleet and I moved out to learn about their intentions. We soon became satisfied they were still in the field. We moved down to where the Mantapike road crosses the River road and raised a barricade, awaiting the enemy the rest of the night. Next morning the whole KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 185 force surrendered, — it produced a thrill of joy. The field presented a disorderly sight, — horses running loose, arms, saddles, haversacks, canteens, silverware, blan- kets, etc., scattered in confusion. Most of the arms and many of the horses were appropriated by our soldiers. I got a broken-down horse marked " U. S.," Spencer ritle, saddle, etc. My little boy brought in another horse. During the day many prisoners were brought in. 5th (Saturday) . — Last night Capt. Bagby sent for me to come to his house to help guard six prisoners captured by him. Maj. E. F. Cooke, Lieut. Merritt, Lieut. Bartley, Privates Hogan, Williams, and Litchen, came to the house of his overseer (McFarland), and asked Mrs. M. to prepare them some supper. She immedi- ately began preparations, but privately dispatched a ne- gro girl to acquaint Capt. B. of their presence. The overseer's house is about one hundred and fifty yards from the dwelling. Capt. B. and his son John, at home on furlough, seized their pistols, ran down to the over- seer's and rushed into the room, presenting their pistols and demanding a surrender. Maj. Cooke hesitated, when Capt. Bagby said, " Surrender, or I will kill you," at the same time presenting his pistol at the major's head. It was indeed a trying moment, — two men against six, and all heavily armed. The major, with great reluctance, threw down his arms, and the rest fol- lowed his example. As I could not get up last night I hurried to go this morning, and found the prisoners snugly in bed in Capt. B.'s parlor. Soon after reaching there, news came that two more Yankees were in Capt. B.'s woods not far away. I hurried off, along with McF., J. N. Gresham, Jr., and John Lawson, to look after the two. Taking a position which commanded a view of the meadow just below, I awaited their appearance. In about fifteen minutes they came in sight, and coming up to a small stream of water, stooped to drink. I drew up, halted them, and demanded a surrender, with which they com- plied. I carried them to Capt. B.'s, where we all got breakfast, and marched the eight prisoners to Stevens- 186 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA vlUe, there awaiting the arrival of the other prisoners, who had been carried to Camp Exol. In the evening they were taken forward toward Richmond, number- ing ninety-one. Three were unable to travel, one on account of a wound through the knee, and two from being hurt by horses. These three were Daniel Denis, from Lafayette (or Marshall), Indiana; a second was Michael Madden; the other John H. Remsen. Rem- sen was the man whom we found lying under the horse when Dahlgren was found lying in the road at the corner. 7th. — Rumors of the advance of the enemy, and Home Guard ordered out. 8th. — Home Guard assembled at Stevensville about sunrise, but learning that the enemy had retired, we disbanded. Two of the men wounded came to my house and were cared for, and one of them was lodged with Rev. I. Diggs. 9th. — Yankees were certainly at Centreville yester- day. loth. — Home Guard met again at sunrise, and very soon we could see smoke arising from houses burning at the Courthouse. Our scouts came in and reported that the Yankees were advancing. Scouts further reported that they had burned the Courthouse, jail, clerk's office, tavern, storehouses, barns, stables, and mill, and the pri- vate residences of Wm. Martin and Robt. Pollard. After perpetrating this vandalism, they moved to Carl- ton's store, where they did other mischief, then went to Camp Exol and burned that. Soon after. Col. Beale came up with the Ninth Regiment and skirmished with them, but the Yankees retreated so rapidly towards Lit- tle Plymouth that Col. Beale failed to do them any serious damage. iith. — Ground saturated from the rain of yesterday. Everything in disorder, horses in the woods, cows and hogs loose in the field, and negroes indisposed to do anything. Got dispatches that Col. Beale wanted all the information he could get, as the Yankees were lin- gering below. Capt. Bagby went to Richmond with prisoners and has just returned. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 187 1 2th. — Company out and under arms all day. Bought fifteen bushels of oats at $io per bushel. 1 8th. — Winds south, high and warm. 2 2d. — Very cold, windy, and unpleasant. Com- menced snowing about one o'clock, and continued for some hours. Wind blowing a severe gale from N. E. It is now^ positively certain that Gen. U. S. Grant has been made lieut.-general, and has succeeded Gen. Hal- leck as commander-in-chief of the Yankee armies; that for the present he will be in command of the Army of the Potomac. Indeed, there seems to be a general change of commanders of Yankee armies all around, and, among others, Sherman is to succeed Thomas at Chattanooga. General Forest has just defeated Grier- son and Smith with their cavalry forces, they having seven thousand against his twenty-four hundred. 23d. Snowing all night, but about nine o'clock this morning sun came out and it grew pleasant. In some places it was from three to five feet deep. Shad are just beginning to run, 26th (Easter). — A very blustering day. Almost all the snow melted. 27th. — Called to see Mr. P. Bird, who is sick. 28th. — John W. Deshazo died yesterday. 31st. — Home Guard are to meet second and fourth Thursdays at 10 A. m., Pyne's old shop. Dined at T. H.'s with Maj. John Henley and his wife and sister (Mrs. Susan Copeland), refugees from Williamsburg, who have suffered very much by the Yankees. April 5th. — Miss Kate M. is ill at W. D. G.'s, and P. Bird at his own home. Wind very high. iith. — Had the pleasure to-day of meeting Alex- ander C. Jones, formerly of this county, now of Arkan- sas; he is just from the army of Gen. Longstreet. 1 2th. — Mr. Philemon Bird died this morning about day. His physician worked hard on him, but failed to arrest the disease. 20th. — Sent a hog to Richmond weighing 273^ lbs., which brought me $1094. 22d. — Hear to-day that Maj. J. R. B. is in Peters- burg, suffering seriously with dyspepsia. News that 188 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Gen. Hoke has captured Plymouth, N. C, with twenty- five hundred prisoners, thirty-five cannon, one hundred thousand pounds of bacon, etc. 26th. — Dentis, a Yankee prisoner at my house, left for Richmond. He seemed reluctant to go, and we were sorry to part with him, though he was an enemy. His education is limited, but he has considerable natural shrewdness. — A few shad. May 4th. — The horses, saddles, guns, etc., captured from the Yankees were appraised to-day, so as to make an equal distribution among the men engaged. The men who held the horses should be allowed to retain the minor articles. 5th. — Sent to Mr. B. Carlton 199 lbs. bacon for families of the soldiers. 8th. — Mercury 89 degrees. 9th. — Great anxiety to learn issue of battle between Lee and Grant. loth. — Hear that Yankee army landed at Bermuda Hundred, advanced towards Petersburg Railroad, and were driven back with some loss. [About this time the Yankees had constructed a high tower at a point some ten miles from Petersburg, from which to spy over into the city. One morning General Butler, who was in com- mand, had gone up to the top of the tower to see what he could see. While he was up there a cannon ball from a Confederate battery two miles away came over and struck the tower. The people around said, " The old general came down quicker than he went up."] Medi- cal Board assembled here yesterday. 1 2th. — Attended drill, and Home Guard was ordered to rendezvous at St. Stephens. 13th. — Most of the company from St. Stephens were ordered out on picket at Walkerton, Ayletts, and Dun- kirk. Spent the night in the church. 14th. — ^Went to Ayletts to picket the ferry, along with H. Cox, J. McF., A. C. Coleman, and Z. Carlton. 15th. — Spent last night in the ferry house and was relieved this morning. Mr. T. W. L. Fauntleroy, John and Joseph Ryland, Mrs. P. Smith, Edwin Watkins, KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 189 W. H. Berkeley, etc., were very kind and liberal in send- ing provisions. 1 6th. — Got home tired and sleepy. Heard yester- day, to my deep regret, of the death of Capt. E. C. Fox, Polk Watkins, Jos. Wayne, and Robt. Davis, all of the King and Queen cavalry, in a battle with Sheri- dan at Yellow Tavern. Alex. Acree is very badly wounded, — and others. 17th. — Gen. Beauregard had a heavy fight with the Yankees below Drewry's Bluff yesterday, and drove them back, taking a large number of prisoners (Gen. Hickman, etc.). It is said also that Gen. Breckenridge has whipped them at New Market in the Valley, and Gen. Joe Johnston driven them back from an attempt on the fortifications at Dalton. 1 8th. — Put up herring and a few shad at Mantapike this morning. About this time there were strong indications that the enemy would cut us off from Richmond, and per- haps overrun all this part of the State. Grant was com- ing down from Spottsylvania Courthouse in the direc- tion of Cold Harbor, and already a cavalry force of some 3000 men had appeared in upper King William. A very large infantry force passed through the upper part of the county, together with, as it would seem, the entire wagon train of Grant's army. They crossed over at Dunkirk and other points above. The Home Guard was called out, and moved up towards Clarkston, but finding the enemy in very strong force, they were smart enough not to attack, yet, as far as was in their power, to prevent straggling. We camped at Shuter's Hill, be- longing to John Ryland, Saturday night, and Sunday night on Joseph Ryland's land. Saturday John A. Fleet and myself were sent on a scout, and reaching a certain position, saw a large number of wagons, some on each side of the river, with cavalry and infantry. They had camped on John Fauntleroy's field beyond the ferry. Some two hundred or three hundred cavalry had before this crossed to our side of the river; having built a good bridge, we supposed the whole body intended crossing, but next morning the two hundred recrossed, the bridge 190 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA was taken up, and they went on their way. There is no doubt that Burnside's corps passed down by Newtown and crossed the Mattapony below. The Home Guard watched them, and there were but few stragglers. Here, with May, 1864, this interesting journal closes, with the exception of a few items that would not interest. Events ripened so fast from this time on that the jour- nalist suspended his writing and seems to have turned his attention more in other directions. It was during the month of July that Sheridan, with a cavalry force of some ten or twelve thousand, moved out from General Grant's lines, flanking Richmond first northward, and then westward along the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad. His objective was to join General Hunter, who was moving southward towards Lynch- burg, with a view to capturing that city. Each of them failed of his object. Early was sent to Lynchburg to head off Hunter, and General Hampton intercepted Sheridan some ten miles above Louisa Courthouse, the latter making haste to get out of his way. In retiring, Sheridan came down into our county, bringing with him the largest force (save Burnside, who simply passed through) that ever set foot on our soil. He came down as far as King and Queen Courthouse, where he camped. Naturally there were a great many stragglers, and im- mense mischief was done by parties along the line of their march. Fortunately for us, it was of brief dura- tion, for next day being Sunday, they passed back up the county and retired across the Mattapony and Pa- munkey, rejoining General Grant. These fellows vis- ited well-nigh every house of note on all the roads within five miles of the Mattapony River. They got pretty much all they wanted at each place, and in some in- stances behaved very rudely towards women and chil- dren. Many of them were foreis;ners, as one could easily detect from their speech. We were certainly as glad to be rid of them as they were to quit us. This was the last raid into our county, but we shared to the full in the distresses about Petersburg, doing what we could to alleviate the sufferings of the poor fellows in KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 191 the trenches; and when Richmond was evacuated — es- pecially when Appomattox came a week later — we were as much distressed as any of our unfortunate people. One Monday afternoon (it was, I think, the third day of April, 1865) the author had walked across the road to visit his wife's father. As he came back, entering the road to recross, he saw a negro man coming down the road, dressed in a fantastic costume, and reporting as he passed down, " Richmond has gone up." It was to very many hearts like a wail from the lower regions. Still, we were not without hope that the matchless man who was leading our armies would find some way to save our declining cause. i\ppomattox, of course, set- tled the matter, and left us struggling in the waves of Reconstruction. Our county people had acted their part wonderfully well. We had surrendered husbands, brothers, sons, and treasure to sustain the banner of General Lee, and when Reconstruction came it just happened in the good providence of God that we suffered less than very many of our fellow-citizens of less fortunate communities. Such incidents as that of the Dahlgren lock of hair — given on a previous page — are an index of the feeling and motive of our people in their part of the great con- flict. They were not actuated in their defensive meas- ures by feelings of malice, or jealousy, or a vindictive spirit, but they stood manfully for the defense of their rights as they saw these, under the Constitution of the United States. CHAPTER XI FROM RICHMOND TO APPOMATTOX A Narrative of the Operations of the Twenty-fourth Regiment of Vir- ginia Cavalry, — Gary's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia, — April 3-7, 1865. By S. Bird. After the stirring campaign of the summer and fall of 1864, the cavalry brigade of General M. W. Gary, A. N. v., — composed of the Hampton Legion, the Seventh South Carolina, Seventh Georgia, and Twenty- fourth Virginia regiments of cavalry, and Harkerson's Battery of artillery, — found Itself in the month of Jan- uary, 1865, at " Camp Gary," about four miles below or east of Richmond City, near Fair Oaks station on the York River Railroad. This cavalry brigade was at that time about the only Confederate force of consequence to offer resistance to any advance which might be made by General Ord's corps of the Federal army, which occupied Fort Harri- son on the north side of James River, several miles be- low our camp. In February, I think it was, a part of General G. W. C. Lee's division of infantry moved to that side of the river. Fortunately for us, the enemy seemed content to remain quiet for a time, at least during this severe winter, and we improved the time left us from the vig- orous and trying picket duty along the White Oak Swamp, in making rude tents with pine poles, splitting the poles as best we could for roofs, which we supple- mented with strips of any and all kinds of cloth or old blankets that we could gather to protect us from the freezing and almost incessant rains of that trying winter. Rations for the men, as well as food for our horses, grew sadly and feelingly less with each succeeding week, until about the middle of February, I think it was, we 192 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 193 learned that our regiment, the Twenty-fourth Virginia Cavalry, would probably be allowed, as a matter of necessity, to move by companies to localities nearest the homes of the men, from which points the men would go to their respective homes to recruit both themselves and horses, for a week or two at least, so as to return in good shape for the spring campaign, which we all knew would be desperate and decisive. The sequel proved that it was more than that; it was "short, sharp, de- cisive," and ended in despair. In pursuance of this plan, our company (F), com- manded by the venerable and chivalrous Captain L. W. Allen (w^ho at the age of sixty years and more shared all the hardships and dangers of camp and march and battle with a degree of cheerful endurance surpassed by none of his men in the ranks), received orders late in the evening of one of the coldest days in February we ever felt, to move the company to Taylorsville, in Han- over County, a distance of probably twenty miles. Just about sunset we were ordered to " saddle up," and in thirty minutes or less we were on the march. Who of our number could ever forget that night? Our line of march was directly over the ground nearly every foot of which had been cut and worked up by the two armies during the preceding summer, in the campaign from the Wilderness to the James River, followed dur- ing the fall and winter by our wagons in quest of sup- plies for our army, until the surface was now a frozen mass of mud, spikes, and gullies. I have never been able to determine which suffered the most that night, the men from the piercing, freezing cold, — poorly clad as they were, — or the horses literally treading on spikes at every step, until many of them could go no further; when their riders would stop, kindle a fire in the woods, and wait for daylight to enable them to choose the way, if indeed there was any choice even then. My brother and myself, whose horses had never failed us, were among the few who continued the march to the end that night; keeping our feet from freezing, and aiding our horses at the same time, by dismounting and leading them for hours. About daybreak we 194 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA reached Taylorsville, found good log tents which some Infantry had lately vacated, and which were like pal- aces to us, — roomy, with log chimneys, and plenty of clean straw for our beds. We lost no time in kindling fires and thawing ourselves out, not forgetting to un- saddle quickly our poor suffering horses, and cover them with all our blankets, while the fire and straw sufficed for us indoors. In such luxurious quarters, we did not then envy the poor fellows who had dropped out by the wayside that night, and who were straggling in until late that day, their horses footsore and limping, themselves half- frozen and famished. We remained there three or four days, for our horses to rest their lacerated and swollen feet; when in groups of four or five we were ordered to our respective homes In the adjacent counties, to remain and recuperate man and beast for about two weeks, and then return to the vicinity of Taylorsville, or such other place as the com- mand might assemble at; meantime keeping ourselves in readiness to obey any orders for special duty which might reach us, or to return promptly to our command. When we consider the suffering which had to be en- dured that winter, when there was no place we could call winter quarters, shelterless when moving from place to place, poorly clad, and withal reduced almost to a state of starvation with only about four ounces of bacon and a pound of com meal or flour for a twenty- four hours' ration, — it might be well to reflect a mo- ment and ask the question, " Who but Confederate soldiers could have been trusted to go to their homes, and return to their commands, only to be better pre- pared to meet the ' overwhelming numbers ' which we all knew the enemy were losing no time nor resources to marshal against us?" Some of the boys said we were only going home to fatten up and return In good " killing order," and there was really more truth than wit in the expression. The men were simply placed on their honor, and right loyally did they honor the confidence reposed In them. Not only did they, with scarcely an exception, KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 195 return in a few weeks, but many who (for what they considered good reasons) were already absent without leave (for no furloughs were permitted under any cir- cumstances) returned also. Sergeant C. H. Carlton (noble Christian soldier), my brother Preston and myself were instructed to pro- ceed to our homes in King and Queen County; and after resting our horses a few days my brother and my- self were to scout the Rappahannock and Piankitank Rivers down the south sides, and returning home con- tinue the scout up to the vicinity of Fredericksburg and Richmond, — unless in the meantime some movement of the enemy should render it in our judgment important to report promptly to Richmond. We executed the first part of the programme, discov- ering no movement of the enemy, except some activity of the Federal gunboats in the lower Rappahannock and Piankitank, — nothing to indicate the landing of any considerable force. We found, however, many of our men who were absent w^ithout leave, and told them we were authorized to inform them all that if they would return voluntarily to the regiment within a week or ten days, the army regulations would be suspended and " play quits " as to them. They readily consented to this, as they said it was their intention to do anyhow, and carried out their promise, while our guarantee as to regulations was sacredly kept by the officials. On our return to our home, where we expected to rest our horses a week or more, we learned that orders had been sent through Sergeant Carlton for us to return as promptly as possible to our regiment, which would ren- dezvous somewhere in the vicinity of Hanover Court- house. Remaining at home about two days for neces- sary rest, because nearly all of our time since leaving Taylorsville had been occupied in the scouting duty as- signed to us, we started to rejoin our command. Reaching the Pamunkey River we found it swollen over its banks, with a rushing current caused by recent heavy rains. It was perilous to venture swimming our horses, which we would have done under ordinary cir- cumstances, when there were no boats, although the 196 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA stream is usually narrow and high up the river. We also learned that a column of the enemy had been seen on the opposite side that day, which for the time would likely cut us off from reaching our command, if indeed we should be able to escape capture. We therefore de- termined to wait a day or two in hopes that both the river and the enemy would resume their proper places. Accordingly we ventured to our home, about twenty miles distant, which we reached that night. How little did I dream of the impending blow about to fall on me with the first crushing sorrow of my then vigorous and buoyant youth. With the exception of some fatigue from our recent scout and exposure, my brother and myself were in perfect health. The following morning my brother rode over to spend an hour or two with one of our nearest neighbors, whom he had not seen during the few days he had spent at home. To our surprise he did not return that evening or night, as we knew was his intention. On the fol- lowing morning a messenger rode up and informed us that he was quite sick. My father, not thinking he could be seriously ill in so short a time, immediately went over to this neighbor's and brought him home in a carriage. Never shall I forget my horror and amaze- ment, and the indescribable feeling of despair which seized and almost paralyzed me, when I went up to the carriage to assist him out and looked into his pale face, the expression of which told me in silent but un- mistakable tones that he was already in a dying con- dition. The nearest physician was hastily summoned and every effort made to revive him, — without avail. He had made his last scout and by some strange destiny had been turned back from reaching his command, where he could be brought home to die that night. He had suddenly fallen into a stupor the day before while sitting with his friends around their hospitable fireside. Thinking it was simply the result of fatigue and exposure, or a chill, they had put him to bed ex- pecting that he would awake refreshed from sleep and well in the morning. It proved, however, that the KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 197 sudden stupor was delirium, from which he did not rally or regain consciousness. This is the short pathetic story of his sudden death, the disease or immediate cause of which has always been and will continue to be a mystery. No language could express my crushing grief and deep despair. After more than thirty-five years have Intervened, my heart almost sinks within me now and bleeds afresh at every pore as memory reverts to that dark, dismal, desolate hour when relentless death claimed the only brother of my soul. He had been all that a devoted brother could be to me. From earliest childhood we had been Inseparable, slept together, started to school together the same day, pursued the same studies. In the same classes, — until the school was broken up by the call to arms in the spring of 1861, when the teachers enlisted the larger boys into the company of which they were elected officers, and turned our playground into a drill ground. We were both too young then for military or serv- ice duty, nor were we separated until the sumnier of 1863, when my brother, at the age of eighteen, joined the army around Richmond. The following year I joined his company. He was a veteran then and watched over me with the tender solicitude of a mother; nor were we ever separated again until his death. — Two days later, on a bleak, dreary evening In March, — the earth wrapped In snow and Ice, — we laid him In the quiet graveyard by the side of our precious mother, with her to await the resurrection mom. Among the thousands of heroes who offered and yielded their lives for our Southland there were none more heroic and chivalrous than he. Could he have chosen the manner of his death it would have been in his accustomed place In the fore- front of the battle, his gleaming saber flashing inspira- tion to his comrades and defiance to the foe; In obeying his last order and performing faithfully his last duty; not like the galley slave, scourged to his dungeon at night, but as one who " wraps the drapery of his couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams." Alas, 198 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA brother of my soul, that my pen falters and words fail me to pay the tribute due to your noble life 1 I cannot pen this narrative for my children without this humble and inadequate tribute to your memory, commending to them your noble life as an inspiration and example for them to obey the call of duty. On the morning after his burial I set out, disconsolate and desolate, to join my regiment, which, on the second day of my journey, about March 25 I think it was, I found at " Old Gary," where it had just camped after some slight skirmishing with the enemy several days before, they having retired to the vicinity of Fort Har- rison without offering battle. I should be recreant to my duty if I failed now to mention the tender and sincere sympathy with which the members of my company, as well, indeed, as the whole regiment, greeted me. Especially as brigade scout, my brother Preston was well known and esteemed by all; his modest bearing, quiet disposition, kind and sympathetic heart, were no less admired than his dash- ing, intrepid bravery in battle or whenever cool courage and discretion were demanded. As I rode into camp with my unspeakable grief re- flected in my countenance, the greeting which came from everyone was " Where is Preston? " I made a supreme effort to answer dead, for I knew at that moment I could only give utterance to that one word. I could not speak, but chokingly leaned over on my horse and sobbed for utterance; they knew too well the answer I was trying to utter and with eyes filled with tears gathered around me, took me from my horse, assisted me to a rude tent, mingling their tears with mine, striving as best they could to comfort and calm my bursting heart, until I could find utterance and relate the sad, simple story of my brother's sudden death. Noble fellows, your sympathy for me was sincere and heartfelt, but your tears and grief were your best and spontaneous tribute to the noble young soldier, whom you so much loved and who would now return no more. It was unusual for those veterans to give such visible expressions of sorrow at the death of one of KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 199 their number. They had often seen their comrades fall so thick and fast that they would become discouraged, and lose their spirit for the grewsome work which duty demanded of them in active warfare. General Gary sent me a message of sympathy, and expressive of the loss he had sustained in the death of his trusted and chivalrous young scout. In the fall of 1863, when Preston first received his " baptism of fire," General Gary had been impressed with his dashing bravery and gallant bearing in battle, and selected him for some important duty requiring the highest order of courage and discretion. This speedily resulted in his appointment as independent scout, with credentials to go and report at will; he knew the peril and responsibil- ity of his mission, which he promptly accepted, pro- ceeding at once to spend most of his time in the enemy's line and around their outposts. He frequently captured the enemy's couriers with their dispatches, which of course he promptly reported. At other times, eluding the hostile pickets (generally at night), he went into the enemy's camp, thus keeping informed as to their movements, strength, etc. It may be interesting and instructive to my children to mention one or two of his experiences as illustrative of the perils of a scout. On one occasion in the fall of 1864 he, with two other scouts, crept between the enemy's pickets at night, after first hiding their own horses in a convenient thicket, and cautiously crept into the enemy's camp. Their purpose, as well as I remember, was, if possible, to capture a certain Federal officer in his tent. They approached close to the coveted tent (which they had previously located) without being detected, but found to their disappointment that it was surrounded by a strong cordon of guards (something unknown with us), which it would have been supreme folly to attack in the midst of their camp with any hope of making the coveted capture, even if they succeeded in capturing the guards, as it would have aroused the camp and resulted in their own capture or death. The next thing to do was to withdraw and escape 200 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA as quickly as possible. Although everything had been quiet up to that moment, they suddenly discovered some movement from a part of the camp, which made their position perilous, if not for the moment hopeless. As they stealthily approached the main road leading through the camp, watching for a favorable moment to dart across it unobserved, a loaded wagon drawn by four large mules approached. Detection seemed cer- tain then, for they could not retrace their steps and they only had a few moments to determine what to do, but it was enough; their only hope was to pass out with this wagon, which they (in a whisper) decided to do. Crouching close by the roadside, as the wagon came up with their revolvers in hand they sprang up, one on each side of the driver, who, before he could realize the situation, was warned in a whisper, emphasized with two pistols at his head, that if he spoke or moved it meant death. Of course he was " struck dumb." He was then ordered to let his team proceed, and in this way they passed the camp sentinels, who did not hail them, thinking doubtless that the wagons were moving under orders. A short distance beyond the guards, and before any other wagon or troops came up, they ordered the driver to turn his team into an opening in the woods; pro- ceeding in the woods a short distance, until out of view from the road in the darkness, they quickly and quietly unhitched the mules, threw some of the contents of the wagon (they did not know then what) across their backs, and led the mules with their prisoner through the woods to the track by which they had entered the camp and which they now followed back to the spot where they had left their horses. By this time It was day, and, hurrying to elude pursuit, they reached camp in due time, hungry and sleepy, but with four large sleek fat mules and a Yankee sutler prisoner, who for the first time fully realized " where he was at." The capture proved to be a sutler with his stores, which he said he was moving to another location; of course without the faintest idea of locating his wagon and wares at a secluded spot in the woods, his mules in KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 201 the hands of the " rebel " scouts, and himself in Libby prison. On another occasion, after having satisfied himself of the route which the couriers of the enemy were in the habit of taking, my brother crept into their lines and selected a favorable spot near the roadside, where he secreted himself at night and awaited the passing of the first fellow whom he might tal<:e to be the bearer of dispatches. He said experience had taught him that couriers usually rode alone, and at greater speed than the ordinary soldier, especially at night; thus enabling him to spot them. On this occasion everything was so quiet as the night wore on, and he became so benumbed with cold, that he was about to leave his hiding place, and retrace his steps through the pickets, when he heard the footsteps of a horse rapidly crossing the pontoon bridge which the enemy had made across the James River for communication between their forces on the north and south sides of the river. He was confident that the rider was the dispatch-bearer for whom he had so long been shivering in the cold, and that he would take the route past the spot where he was secreted. He accordingly left his hiding place and crouched close on the roadside. The rider approached, lowly humming a tune, and increasing his speed after crossing the bridge. As he was passing the spot Preston sprang in front of him, and seizing the bridle stopped the horse, while with the other hand he covered the rider with his pistol, and ordered him to throw up his hands, and dismount quickly and quietly. The horseman obeyed without the least controversy, and the next moment was marching from the road, a prisoner with his hands up in front of his captor, who led the horse a short distance, then halted a moment to disarm the prisoner, and proceeded to a place of safety, where he could be searched for the coveted dispatch. Imagine the scout's chagrin and disgust when instead of the dispatch he found the prisoner's pockets full of chips, or devices used by gamblers. The prisoner had been over the river indulging in a game of cards with some of his chums on that side until the " wee small hours " and 202 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA was returning in happy mood when captured. The captor, In relating the Incident to me, said he felt so thoroughly chagrined and disgusted at his " water haul," that his first Impulse was to release the poor fellow, whose repining at fate had excited his sympathy, and content himself with keeping the fine horse, arms and accouterments, as a reward for the night's work; but this would never do, as the prisoner. If released, would of course reveal to the enemy the story and location of his capture and thus enable them to guard this road, so as to defeat future attempts on that line; whereas If held as a prisoner his fate would be as pro- found a mystery as the Identity of the fellow who " hit Billy Patterson," The horse, however, was a fine ani- mal, with splendid saddle, bridle, etc.; the arms of the best, — patent repeating carbine, revolver, etc. The prisoner's uniform and splendid equipment indicated clearly that he was more of a " sport " than a soldier. After being kindly treated, he agreed, as he was being taken to prison, to exchange his magnificent long cavalry boots with his captor, as he would have little use for them in prison. These two incidents, of many, are related simply to give some Idea of the life and perils of a scout, whom the enemy made every effort to capture, and who knew from their threats which reached his ears that if cap- tured he would receive no quarter. THE EVACUATION Sunday, the second day of April, 1865, dawned bright and clear; which was welcomed and appreciated by the men after the protracted cold and wet of the winter and early spring, as they were but scantily protected by the improvised tents, so-called, at old " Camp Gary," to which they had returned less than two weeks before, as already related. About midday it was so warm and bright that Apollas Luck, who In the tenderness of his brave soldier heart had striven in every way to comfort me by his constant presence and companionship since the death of KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 203 my brother, proposed that we take our horses out under the hills about a mile distant in the direction of Rich- mond to nip any grass which they might find. While our horses were strolling along in search of anything they could find to eat, we were lounging on the hillsides. Richmond was in view, and everything as calm and quiet as a zephyr. We were impressed with the serenity of the surroundings, and talked about the absence of everything resembling war or the des- perate struggle which for four years had continued around the environments of the devoted city. Truly it was the ominous calm preceding the storm. Late in the evening we bridled our horses and re- turned to camp, where we gave them their scant feed of corn, and blanketed them as we thought for the night. I gathered up about half a dozen canteens and proceeded to the spring, a few hundred yards distant, for the water supply of our mess for the night and for picket duty at daylight the following morning, as was our custom, while Uncle John Flippo, as we called him, started the fire to cook our morsel of bread; which, however, was never cooked. On my way to the spring, just about sunset, a horseman dashed by at headlong speed In the direction of brigade headquarters; I took no special notice of him at the moment, thinking It was some fellow who had spent the day In the city and was returning with a full stomach and lighter heart than the rest of us. In about fifteen minutes I was returning with the canteens filled, and as I reached the top of the hill was amazed to see everything in confusion, the Improvised tents pulled to pieces, men mounted and rapidly forming by companies. I hastened for- ward, saddled up as quickly as possible, and In a few minutes was in line, just as the order to move^ forward was given, with no time to Inquire the meaning of it all. Nor did anyone know that we were ordered to move. We marched two or three hours east In the direction of Fort Harrison, and crossing the nine-mile road, if I remember correctly, halted about 9 P. M., dis- mounted and formed Into line of battle, with orders 204 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA to make no noise. About midnight we were permitted to lie down in our tracks, keeping in line with hands on our carbines. Thus we remained on the wet ground, shivering as the night grew cold, until about the first streak of dawn, when we mounted noiselessly and pro- ceeded in nearly a direct line towards Richmond. While in line that night we whispered our respective opinions of the meaning of the movement, the prevail- ing opinion being that the enemy was advancing in our front and that about dawn we would rush forward to attack and surprise them. No one thought for a moment, or ventured the sug- gestion, of the evacuation of Richmond. The one and only thought we permitted ourselves to entertain in this connection was that it was our business to defend the beloved city, around which still clustered the hopes and destiny of the Confederacy. Just as the sun rose clear and bright we reached the outer earthworks below the city, when to our horror and surprise we saw a white flag on the top of the parapet by the roadside, two persons in citizens' dress standing by it, and a carriage near by. At the same moment a glance westward brought the city in full view except as it was enveloped by the dense smoke, which seemed to be rising from its every section; it needed no words to reveal to us that the hour of its doom had come. The white flag, the citizens, the carriage, meant that Mayor Mayo was only awaiting the advance of the enemy to surrender the city, if indeed, — from the ap- pearance of the conflagration and desolation, — anything of the devoted city would be left to surrender. For the first time during four years did the hearts of its heroic defenders sicken and sink in despair, at the desolate, hope-wrecking sight. Our column halted a moment, then passed by the mayor and the white flag, turned into the road, and at quickened gait headed straight for the doomed city. As the regiment passed on to the city. Jack Yar- brough, Gatewood Burnett and myself were ordered to proceed down the road in the opposite direction, with orders to keep in view of the regiment, which we were KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 205 to signal, and retreat as the enemy advanced, keeping a sharp lookout to avoid capture by a flanking force. As we proceeded cautiously in the direction of the ad- vancing enemy, three Confederate infantrymen came walking rapidly to meet us with their muskets at shoulder. When about fifty yards from us they halted, dropped their guns, and holding up their hands shouted their surrender to us. Riding up to them and asking what they meant, they answered that we were Yankees, and that they might as well surrender without ceremony, as they were hopelessly cut off; at the same time point- ing to the enemy on their right and rear, from whom they were vainly attempting to escape. We assured them that we were friends, and bade them hurry for- ward and follow the track of our regiment. This they did, remarking, however, that it was use- less as they would be captured before reaching the city, and warning us that we would share the same fate if we did not retrace our steps immediately, — pointing to a force of the enemy on our right, which had not be- fore been seen by us. We retired slowly at first, and as the enemy advanced we rapidly passed these poor fellows, whom we were reluctantly compelled to leave to their fate. We sig- naled the enemy's advance and hurried on to avoid be- ing cut off, reaching the rear of our regiment just as the head of the column was stopped for the time by the mob which had massed in the streets, a way through which was forced only with the use of the sabers. Just at this juncture Burnett, whose family lived near my home, turned to me and with tremulous voice asked, " What in God's name must I do, you know how help- less my wife and children are; what will become of them if I continue with our army; they will be in the enemy's lines and I will never see them again; I cannot desert, but for God's sake tell me what to do?" I knew of the wife and several small children, for whose comfort and protection the Relief Committee of our county had to provide when necessary, and I could see the tumult of his soul, struggling to decide which in this tremendous crisis was the path of duty, — to follow our army or 206 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA return to the wife and children, who would need his protection as never before. The enemy were pressing rapidly on us, the mob filled the streets and obstructed our passage to the bridge, while the flames on either side were nearly if not actually lapping over our heads. There was no time for hesitation or reflection. I an- swered Burnett, " I cannot advise you, as I have no wife or children as you have. My duty is plain; I shall follow General Lee, while he leads, or until I fall. You must decide this matter." A moment later, as our column moved slowly through the mob, Burnett, turning his horse to the right, said, " I have done the best I could, but I cannot forsake my family; good-by," and waving us farewell, rode off and proceeded home, where I frequently met him on my return from Appo- mattox. He was a good soldier, nor could we ever reproach him. When it was " all over," in referring to it he said he felt that he only did his duty. As our column moved slowly through the mob, using sabers to clear the way, this mass of every age, sex, and color, wild with excitement, and many laden with plunder, would block our way at every turn. The streets and sidewalks were filled with boxes, barrels, timbers, and goods of every kind and description. As barrels, boxes, etc., were rolled from the stores, the mob would burst them open and scramble wildly for the contents, apparently regardless of whether they be- came victims of the flames, were trampled beneath our horses' feet, or fell under the blows of our sabers, in their wild greed for loot. In one of the warehouses they found a quantity of whisky stored, and as the barrels were rolled into the street they were met by those outside, promptly burst open with clubs, the contents literally filling the gutters as from a shower of rain. Numbers of them grabbed up tubs and buckets, dipped to the brim the fiery liquid, which the more generous of them freely dispensed to our men with the tin cans, cups, etc., lying around. This served as the only breakfast we had; it was better than none, and in keeping with the surroundings. As W. H. Farinholt, of Company C (who was at KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 207 the time acting as courier for General Ewell), was riding down Main Street hurrying towards the bridge he happened to see a man coming out of Mitchell & Tyler's jewelry store, with his hands full of watches and jewelry. Ordering him to stop and return his plunder, which the fellow showed no disposition to do, as he started off with it, Farinholt, not wishing to kill him, rode up on the sidewalk, and standing in his stirrups, dealt him a fearful blow on the head with his heavy army revolver, which sent him stunned and sprawling to the pavement, the jewelry falling and scattering around him. Farinholt jumped from his horse, quickly gath- ered up the jewelry, and opening the door dropped it in a heap on the floor, where he had to leave it, and hur- ried to the bridge, which he reached and crossed while it was in flames. This is only one of the almost numberless incidents of the kind which might be men- tioned. After the head of our column had reached and were crossing the bridge, Yarbrough and myself saw that from our position in the rear, as the mob passed in our front and the enemy pressed upon us behind, we were in imminent danger of being cut off from the bridge by the flames and the mob combined, and falling into the enemy's hands. We were expecting to see the bridge burst in flames every moment, which would seal our fate; nor were we mistaken. As our only hope to reach it in time, we determined to risk a short cut to the bridge out and off the main body of the mob; accord- ingly we turned towards the basin, and soon found our way blocked at a slip. The only way to cross the span of about twenty feet was over a plank walk about two feet wide. It was perilous, but it was too late to .re- trace our steps, and I determined to risk it. My horse rebelled at first, but spurring him forward I forced him on the narrow walk, which he cleared with a plunge. Yarbrough followed and we both dashed to the bridge and rushed over it as the flames were bursting from it. Our regiment had halted on the Manchester side with the brigade, and while the bridge was burning we quietly gazed on the devoted city, which seemed doomed 208 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA to destruction, the furious flames leaping from side to side as at every moment they burst qut afresh. The mob was in undisputed possession now, unless checked by the enemy as they moved in, which, to their credit, I believe they did as promptly as possible, and which alone probably saved the city from total destruction. In the river below the bridge several vessels and some small boats, along with the two ironclad gunboats which had only recently been completed, and from which we had hoped for great things, were moored about mid- stream with smoke rising from them, which told us that they too were to share in the conflagration. As we watched the smoke slowly rising from them, sud- denly we felt the earth quiver and quake simultaneously with a deafening roar, as a column of water, fire, smoke, and debris shot skyward. As the magazines exploded the destruction of the gunboats was complete, while with the roaring flames, leaping higher and higher in their mad fury as they swept onward in their wild, un- checked career, was mingled the deafening thunder of the exploding magazines in the city. Stunned and bewildered at the sickening sight, we felt at the moment as though the end of the world had come, while the river itself seemed to furnish fuel to the flames. The bridge, the city, the river, enveloped in fire and smoke, while at intervals the shouts of the wild-surging and now unrestrained mob reached our ears, presented a scene, and awakened emotions, which live in memory but which language is powerless to de- scribe. None who witnessed will ever forget or fitly describe it, while it will remain vividly engraved on memory's tablet. Beloved Richmond was lost, but would not the God of battles spare it and its heroic people from de- struction? How our hearts sank within us! For four years the hostile hosts had surged around its environ- ments, only to be hurled back in confusion and dismay by the heroic band who said, " Hitherto shalt thou come but no farther." The flower of the world's chivalry had poured out their life-blood as a willing libation upon your altars, KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 209 when your hilltops were a sheet of defiant flame and your valleys turned to rivulets of blood. Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, Our faith triumphant o'er our fears, — Were all with thee, were all with thee! We love best that for which we have sacrificed most; and so we loved Richmond more than all the cities of our Southland. For four years It had been the coveted prize of our foes, and the storm-center of the contending hosts. Our fathers and elder brothers rushed to her rescue, and as through these years of sorrow and blood they had fallen as fall only the brave, their younger sons and brothers had taken their places In the cause rendered doubly dear to them, and with deathless de- termination to continue to the last extremity. For Freedom's battle, once begun, Bequeath'd from bleeding sire to son. More blood, I believe, had been shed in defense of this capital city of the Confederacy than In all the wars previously waged on this American continent since its discovery by Columbus. Every battle fought by the Army of Northern Virginia, from Manassas in 1861, including Sharpsburg and bloody Gettysburg, to the fall of the city on April 3, 1865, had been in its defense. General Lee had said that " Richmond was never so safe as when her defenders were farthest away." Our children can never fully appreciate our love for Rich- mond, sealed as it was with so much priceless blood. Her hearts, her homes, her arms were ever open to us, feeding us when famished, cheering us when homesick and weary, opening her homes to receive while her matrons and maidens became ministering angels to our wounded and dying. May the bonds of sympathy which so tenderly bound together her heroic people and her defenders be transmitted and cherished as a sacred heritage to their children. When the destruction of the bridge was accom- 210 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA plished, with emotions awakened by such memories well- ing up in our bosoms we turned our backs upon Rich- mond and left it to its doom. It was all so sudden we could scarcely realize that Richmond had fallen, and as the men discussed the situation and the prospect before us, we took consola- tion in the hope that as the enemy would now necessarily be drawn into the interior and away from his fleet and base of supplies, in some way, through the matchless genius of Lee, we would eventually triumph over our foes, and the Army of Northern Virginia would yet return victorious and redeem our capital city; when Virginia would ever be the brightest star in the constel- lation of the Confederacy and Richmond the richest jewel in her crown. THE MARCH Knowing that the destruction of the bridge would prevent any rapid pursuit of the enemy, about ten o'clock on Monday morning, April 3, 1865, we pro- ceeded on the march to join the main body of the army, which had moved up from Petersburg the previous day. Passing through a part of Chesterfield county we camped about midnight, weary and hungry, in Powhatan county. None of us (except perhaps the few who happened to have a few crusts of bread in their haversacks when we hastily left Camp Gary the previous Sunday even- ing) had tasted food for thirty-six hours. We camped in a pine wood, kindled fires, and hastened to search for water to mix what little flour or corn meal we may have been fortunate enough to have in our haversacks when we left camp. After a long search in the darkness, we found a little muddy water in a small ditch. We mixed the last morsel of meal we had in a small frying pan, which I had been fortunate enough to take with me, but wh'ch I did not take the precaution to wash first, ow ng to the scarcity of water. Holding the pan over the fire long enough to parch a few half-cooked cakes of bread, we divided among our mess and proceeded hastily to devour. Imagine our horror when we found that in KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 211 the darkness and our haste we had mixed about equal quantities of meal and horsehair (the result of failing to wash the pan, which had been hanging from my saddle since the previous day, our horses shedding their hair at the time). Half-starved and desperate, we taxed our ingenuity to eat that bread, while the hair stuck in our teeth and throats, but our stomachs rebelled and refused to re- ceive it. Disgusted, desperate, and anything but ami- able, we cast away our last morsel and dropped on the ground to relieve in sleep the few remaining hours of the night. The language used by some in expressing their opinions of the " cause and effect " of that supper was not such as they had been taught at Sunday school. Early in the morning of Tuesday, April 4th, we saddled up and proceeded on our march. Harkerson's Battery, which was attached to our brigade, had, before leaving its camp in the woods, thrown out a lot of shells to lighten the caissons, which the half-starved horses could scarcely pull through the mud even when empty. This battery moved on in front of our regi- ment and soon got stuck in the mud as usual. As many men as could be of assistance dismounted, and helped to pull the guns out of the mud, while our company, in the rear of the regiment at the time, waited impatiently for the guns to be extricated. Our venerable old Cap- tain Allen in his impatience dismounted, and leaving his horse in the road, where we were grouped in rather careless fashion, started to walk forward to the guns in the mire. He had proceeded but a short distance when sud- denly from the woods about a quarter of a mile in our rear, which we had left a half-hour before, came the " bang, bang, bang " of bursting shells. Thinking at the moment that the enemy had come upon us and opened their guns on us, every man of us instinctively spurred his horse forward, almost riding over Capt. Allen, who stopped in the road and ordered a halt, his own horse, though riderless, following us until coming up to his rider. I shall never forget with what disgust and indignation Capt. Allen rebuked us for our thought- 212 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA lessness and disorder, as he asked us If it were possible that we could rush off with his horse following us, and leave him to his fate In the road. Of course such a thought never entered the minds of any of us. We were simply acting from thoughtless momentary impulse, as we expected every moment the enemy's well directed shells to be tearing through our column. It was a false alarm, however: the woods had taken fire at the spot where our battery had thrown out the shells, which exploded as the fire reached them. But even in our humiliation we could not help chuckling at the ludicrous and embarrassing position of Capt. Allen, as supreme disgust usurped the place of his pro- verbial amiability. For a few moments it came very near causing a temporary stampede, as the most trivial things sometimes do under exciting circumstances. This horse of his had made a remarkable record. His first rider had fallen dead from his saddle at Sharpsburg, the horse escaping unhurt and keeping his place In column after the fall of his gallant young mas- ter. Capt. Allen, becoming his owner, had himself been subsequently unhorsed and captured In a charge on the enemy, while the horse wheeled and escaped, and was kept ready for his rider when he was exchanged. Again, three days after this incident, if I remember cor- rectly, one of our officers had lost his horse In an en- gagement and In some way at the moment borrowed and mounted this horse, when he fell from his saddle severely wounded, the horse coming out of the fight un- scathed as usual, and bearing Capt. Allen safely through to Appomattox, and thence home. It seemed certain, therefore, that If his rider could keep in his saddle on this horse he was safe from capture, at least, though not from death. Proceeding on our way as fast as we could keep the battery moving, which was continually stuck In the mud up to the hubs, we reached the Appomattox River about dark. Shortly before reaching the river a detail of eighteen men, myself among them, In charge of a sergeant from another company, were ordered to remain behind and KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 213 follow about a mile in rear of the column and arrest any of the men whom we met returning to their homes before crossing the river, as many were inclined to do from sheer hopelessness and hunger. Luther Broaddus and myself from our company were together, and soon noticed that the others were disposed to widen the breach between our detachment and our main column. F'inally we urged the sergeant to move forward and keep nearer our column; then, halting, he informed us they had determined to return home, and if we were not disposed to join them we could report their move- ments after crossing the river. We were under his orders, and could but obey; we were powerless to do otherwise. Waving us their adieus and best wishes the sergeant and fifteen went homeward, but Luther Broaddus and myself returned hastily and reported the situation as our column halted at the bridge. I then learned for the first time how the gnawing pangs of hunger would cause the bravest men to be- come hopeless and desperate. Crossing the river into Amelia County after nightfall, we soon joined the main army of General Lee and camped for the remainder of the night. Our horses had had no food since Sunday evening — forty-eight hours — and we knew could not hold out without food much longer. Therefore, before lying down to rest many of us went out in the dark- ness foraging, and soon found a barn well filled with corn and fodder. Against the threats and protest of the owner, who refused to open the doors, we pried off the weather boarding and loaded all we could carry across our saddles, returned to camp, and gave our starving horses all they could devour. That forage was opportune, sustaining them through the succeeding five days, during which time neither horses nor men ever had half a feed. Our mess had exhausted our scant rations the previous night in the woeful experiment with the horsehair mixture, and had to rely upon sleep alone to relieve our hunger. Before lying down we noticed rockets shooting high into the air in quick succession, apparently a few miles ahead. We were unused to fireworks of that description, and 214 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA could but be attracted by the beauty of the display; but we felt that they were more ominous than beautiful, because we knew it was the enemy's signal in our front, a foreboding which only awaited the morrow to con- firm. For two days we had not come in contact with the enemy, who did not pursue us on the march from Richmond, but we well knew from the direction of the rockets that the coming morn would open with bloody work for us, as he blocked the way. About sunrise on Wednesday morning, April 5th, we were in the saddle and ready to move. As we formed into column we noticed a line of smoke rising about a mile to our left. The enemy's cavalry had swooped down, captured and fired our wagon train. General Gary, with his proverbial dash and celerity, led the bri- gade straight for them at a gallop. In about ten min- utes we were upon and in the midst of them. Our prompt and sudden arrival was a surprise, certainly, to many of them who had dismounted and were pillaging and setting fire to the wagons. As they hustled out many fell in the road before our pistol fire at close range, or were captured, the others retiring hastily to their main body, which had formed in a body of woods on a hill about a half-mile distant. We pursued, following the road, and were met with a galling fire from the woods as we ascended the hill. After reaching the level the other regiments of our brigade dismounted, formed hastily, advanced through the woods and in a few minutes met the full force and fire of the enemy. Our regiment remained mounted and exposed to the fire of a part of the enemy's line, which we were unable to return effectively, while they were concealed in the woods. For about half an hour the fire was hot and furious, both sides tenaciously holding their respective positions. The enemy's fire developed their largely superior force. We ascertained from the prisoners that our small brigade was engaging Gregg's Division of cavalry. As they gradually discovered our position, mounted in the road, which we had concealed as much as possible KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 215 by leaning low on our horses and not returning their fire, they poured volleys more and more upon us. At this juncture our regiment withdrew and, forming under the hill, broke down a fence on the roadside and charged across the open field with a yell, striking them on their flank, while simultaneously our line on foot charged them in full front in the woods. We forced them from their position, and followed them closely as they suddenly withdrew, leaving many of their dead where they fell in the woods. Retiring about half a mile they formed again, and again our line advanced on foot, repeating the first attack with the same result. This continued through the day, the enem^ forming at every half-mile or mile, stubbornly resisting our advance at every turn and yielding his position only when we forced him to close quarters. Thus we fought our way mile after mile until evening, when our men were becoming exhausted from fatigue and hunger, and our cartridge boxes were getting empty. Without reinforcements our position was becoming dangerous, if the enemy should summon his courage, re- verse conditions, and press us back. But late in the evening, when our ammunition was about exhausted as well as ourselves, a part of FItzhugh Lee's Division came to our assistance. As our line, worn out with fatigue and hunger from the incessant fighting since early morning, dropped back about a quarter of a mile to replenish our exhausted cartridge boxes, our friends, whose arrival was so timely, took our place and pre- pared to continue the advance on the enemy. The changing of positions occupied about half an hour, dur- ing which time the firing ceased. The enemy, instead of advancing on us, quickly took advantage of the situation and withdrew from our front about a mile, where our advance column soon discovered them occupying a strong position on a range of hills across from Amelia Springs, and apparently placing a battery of artillery In position. As our dismounted skirmish line advanced, led by the gallant Capt. W. C. Nunn of the King and Queen troop, Fifth Virginia Cavalry, it was met with a withering fire, and one of ^16 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA our officers fell from his horse dead. His lifeless body was quickly placed across his saddle and borne to the rear; as It passed us we were told, If I remember cor- rectly, that it was Capt. Cunningham (I do not remem- ber his regiment) . About this time General Rosser rode up, and pressing to the front in full view of the enemy, joined a group of officers who seemed to be scanning the formidable force and position on the hills opposite. At this juncture the gallant General James Bearing came up at the head of his " Laurel Brigade " of Rosser's Division, pressed to the front, and if I remem- ber correctly, exchanged a few words with his chief, who seemed to us to point him to the enemy on the hills. Quick as a flash Bearing ordered his front col- umn to form, and, ringing out the " charges," dashed forward, himself leading, as he always did when the foe was In front. A cavalry charge on such a position seemed desperate, but nothing daunted Bearing, and It would be a craven indeed who would not follow when he led. Bashing with a yell up the road and through a narrow cut where it pierces a hill, and swinging out on the summit, his column swept upon their flank and Into their midst. The enemy broke in confusion with but slight resistance, so sudden and unexpected was the shock. In their confusion they suffered heavily as they were shot and cut down at close quarters by Bearing's men. This charge was superb and characteristic of Bearing, who was always superb. We had heard much of his splendid genius and dash, but it was the first time I had ever seen him in action, nor will I ever forget the inspiration with which we were thrilled. Following up this charge our regiment was ordered forward to press the enemy. As we were hurrying along the narrow cut in the road between the hills we found it strewn with the enemy's dead and wounded. I shall never forget the appearance of one poor young fellow lying in the narrowest part of the road, who seemed to have literally caught a shower of bullets and was unable to move any part of his body. Pale, help- less, and apparently too weak to speak, his appealing KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 217 look pleaded with us louder than words could do, not to ride over him. Instantly two of our men leaped from their saddles and tried to move him from the narrow cut to the roadside, but found both his arms and legs so broken and shattered that it was cruel to take hold of them; two more quickly went to their assistance, and jerking a blanket from one of their saddles, placed their hands under his body and slipped the blanket under him as gently as possible; then taking it by the corners the four men bore him down the hill to the roadside, where they tenderly laid him, while one of them sought a surgeon. I do not think he spoke a word, as he was doubtless too weak from loss of blood, but his pale, pleading face and appealing look was enough to stop, by common consent and without orders for the time, our pursuit of the enemy, until he could be borne to the roadside and cared for. We knew that every moment lost at such a crisis was fatal to our successful pursuit, and would give the enemy time to rally and re-form their shattered lines under cover of the neighboring woods which the delay enabled them to reach, but the enemy had better escape than brave men ride over and crush out the lingering sparks of life in a mangled and helpless foe. After removing the wounded from the narrow cut, we proceeded until checked by the enemy's fire from the woods in which they had formed, when nightfall brought an end to the hard and bloody day's work. I have never known whether or not this poor fellow's tide of life ebbed quickly out, as I imagine it did, but his memory recalls this and numerous other similar incidents on both sides. I have thought that England's poet must have caught a prophetic vision of this great struggle between American soldiers when he wrote : The soldier braves death for a fanciful wreath In glory's romantic career ; But he raises the foe, when in battle laid low, And bathes every wound with a tear. Seldom, I think, were the friendly shades of night 218 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA more welcomed by weary, thirsty mortals, famished almost to desperation. For two days scarcely any of us had eaten a morsel of food, and since early morning we had been without a drop of water. The day had been spent in one con- tinuous series of attacks and advances, always forcing the enemy from his position, but, unaided as our small brigade was, we had not sufficient force at any time to rout the heavy columns which the enemy always had in reserve to mass against us and block our way. Our reinforcements came too late; and then the incident just related and the gathering darkness prevented us from reaping the full results of Bearing's splendid charge at the close of the day. We halted and remained by our horses about an hour, ready to meet the enemy if he should advance in the darkness. During this time some of the men started fires to cook what little rations a few had left, or had been able to secure. I had none, nor had I tasted food since Monday night in the woeful effort to masticate the mixture of horsehair and com meal. One of the men gave me a slice of pork which he had cut from a hog he had shot on the roadside that day. While I was warming this over the fire on the end of a stick, the pickets exchanged a few shots in our front, and we were ordered to mount. I devoured the slice of raw pork without salt or bread, and in an hour was sick. My eyes had become sore and inflamed the preceding day, and the pain was now so intensified by the dust, powder, and smoke of the day that I was in agony, with fever and without water. After an hour or two (there being no further move- ment of the enemy) we ventured to unsaddle our horses, as the only relief for them without food, keeping sad- dles and trappings ready to buckle on at a moment's notice. Sick, suffering, thirsty from fever, and ex- hausted, I dropped on the damp ground about mid- night, almost in a state of despair. A few feet from me I noticed a man still and apparently asleep, with a large blanket spread over him and room to share it with me. Thinking it was one of our company, I KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 219 quietly moved up by his side under the blanket. Just as I was about ready for dreamland I found I was lying on one of his hands, which, as I removed, I dis- covered was cold to the touch and stiff. Taking the blanket from his face, I found that my companion was a dead Yankee who had been covered with a blan- ket, as was customary when there was no time for burial. He had evidently been left there where he fell, as was the case during that day with numbers of their dead. I replaced the blanket, and moved a few feet to my former position, where I remained, — whether in sleep or delirium from fever, or both, I never knew, — until aroused about dawn on Thursday, April 6th, when, after pulling open my eyes, which were sealed from sore- ness, I moved forward with my company on another day's work. I think it was about noon when, as we approached the " high bridge " near Farmville, the enemy was reported in force below the bridge. We were ordered forward at a gallop, and were soon upon them. General Bearing, with his usual dash, had just led a charge into their midst, the enemy making desper- ate resistance at close quarters. As the fight waxed furious. General Bearing met General Read, who was in command of the Federal force, and the two engaged in a duel with pistols at close range, resulting in the death of the latter. When General Read fell from his horse and the reins from his grasp, the animal rushed wildly forward and was seized by Captain W. C. Nunn of the King and Queen troop, Fifth Cavalry, who was near the spot (as he always was in the thickest of the fight). It was a fine animal with splendid equipment, including saddle, pistols, holsters, field glasses, etc., be- coming the rank of a general, and in splendid condition to bear his new rider safely through to Appomattox and thence home. In less than half an hour, I think, the enemy, after having suffered heavily in killed and wounded, surrendered, except a few who galloped off and escaped. Our triumph was complete but dearly bought. Our loss, though much less than the enemy's in numbers, was severe, and included the gallant, chivalrous, and in- 220 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA trepid Dearing, who fell mortally wounded after hav- ing killed his antagonist, General Read. Also the gal- lant Colonel Boston of the Fifth Regiment, Virginia Cavalry, who fell with a bullet through his brain, and whose dead body was promptly placed across his saddle and borne from the field. The number of prominent officers killed on both sides before the enemy yielded testifies to the desperate character of this short and bloody hand-to-hand encounter at High Bridge. From the observations of a private, which in such a conflict as this are limited, it seemed to me to be a desperate struggle between Confederate cavalry and Federal infantry. When the din and confusion of the shock of battle subsided, someone remarked to Captain Allen that our victory was complete, when in tones of sadness unusual for him on such an occasion, he replied: "Yes, com- plete, but dearly bought. Any victory is dearly bought that costs the life of Dearing." "What! is Dearing dead? " " Mortally wounded," he replied; " they have just taken him to yonder grove to die." This announce- ment chilled us as for the moment we bowed our heads in sorrow, and the men murmured, " What a loss, what a shame!" The loss of Dearing would have been a calamity at any time, but most of all now, when we needed most such dauntless spirits; for it was at just such a crisis as we had now reached that " One blast from his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men." Truly knighthood lost a flower, chivalry a type, when noble, gallant, dashing Dearing fell and was borne by loving hands to the grateful shades of a friendly grove, to breathe out the only life he had to give to the cause dearer to him than life. He lingered a few days, and was borne to Lynchburg, where he died. Space forbids a recital here of the splendid and brilliant career of the young officer, which is written in lines of light and beauty on almost every page of the history of the Army of Northern Virginia, and of the Newbern expedition KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 221 in North Carolina. He fell in one of the last hours of victory, before the star of the Confederacy went down to rise no more. His native county of Campbell, Vir- ginia, would honor itself to erect a monument to this noble and brilliant son. The battle over, the enemy in our hands, no time was lost in forming the prisoners (who I suppose were of General Read's brigade) into columns in such order as was most convenient to proceed without delay. They were necessarily a burden and source of weakness to us at this stage of our retreat, but there was nothing else to do. During this time Captain Nunn hurriedly sought a resting place for the bodies of both Colonel Boston (his late chief) and General Read, which were placed under the same tree, each wrapped in a blanket for his winding sheet, and buried in separate graves; General Read's horse meanwhile standing with empty saddle by his late master. An hour before they were mortal enemies, in deadly conflict; both had fallen at their posts, as brave men fall, life's bars and stripes with them were over now, and they sleep together in death. Within little more than an hour, perhaps, from the time we met the enemy we proceeded on our way (I knew not in what direction). As we were passing by the prisoners, who were massed in the road, we were ordered to halt, and I noticed one of the prisoners wiping the perspiration from his face with one hand, while with the other he was still bearing a very large and beautiful and, apparently, perfectly new regimental flag, of pale-blue silk, with the coat of arms of a State in the center, surrounded by a motto in gold. Attracted by its cleanliness and beauty, I was trying to make out the motto, when a chaplain asked Captain Nunn if he might venture to offer prayer. Permission was promptly granted to proceed. Removing his hat, he raised his arm for attention, and we bowed our heads in rever- ence. He had scarcely reached the end of his first sen- tence when one of our men, more alert and less reverent perhaps than the others, interrupted by yelling to Cap- tain Nunn: " Look, Captain, look! " We all looked — 222 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA to see a body of the enemy's cavalry approaching as they rounded a turn in the road about a hundred yards off. "Hold on, Chaplain; no time for praying! By zounds! charge 'em, men! " yelled Captain Nunn, as he drew his saber, and without further orders or ceremony headed straight for the enemy, followed by the men nearest him at full speed in pellmell fashion, there being no time for regular formation. The effect on the enemy was instantaneous, — they changed front promptly and galloped off to avoid another collision. They had evidently not forgotten their experience at close quarters an hour before. It was doubtless a reconnoitering party who were satisfied with having " located the enemy." We on our part were satisfied to abandon pursuit and press on with the prisoners, as the enemy were uncomfortably close on us. Passing by the prisoners we proceeded at a gallop in the direction of a heavy musketry firing a mile or two distant, which now suddenly reached our ears. As we neared the scene of the engagement we halted, dis- mounted quickly, and leaving our horses in the main road in charge of the leaders (every fourth man was a " leader," whose duties were to take charge of the horses and hold or lead them as occasion required when we were fighting on foot) , we formed line and proceeded at double-quick about a quarter of a mile in an open field, and took position behind a rail fence. In a few minutes the heavy firing from the woods in our front, from which we were expecting the enemy, suddenly ceased, and we were ordered to rush back to our horses as rapidly as possible. These we reached just in time to escape capture, for the enemy seemed to be all around us as we dashed out in the only direction open to us. We then discovered that we were at or near Sailor's Creek, and that nearly all of Ewell's Corps had been surrounded and captured when the firing ceased so suddenly in the woods. We had arrived too late to succor Ewell in the struggle to extricate his corps from its desperate position, and barely escaped the same fate ourselves. CHAPTER XII HISTORICAL ADDRESS BY J. RYLAND, SR. The following address, historic of Company K, Thirty-fourth Virginia Volunteers, was prepared by Josiah Ryland, an officer of the company, and read at the reunion at Bruington, King and Queen County, Va., on the Fourth of July, 1884. It was published in The Baltimore Baptist, in order that it might be preserved by the members and friends of the old company: The spring of 1861 saw the conservative, and hith- erto quiet, State of Virginia converted into a military camp. From the mountains to the sea there was uni- versal preparation for war. It would be needless now to give in detail the reasons that forced the conviction upon the Southern mind that the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency was virtually a dissolution of the Union. South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Ala- bama, Georgia, and Louisiana seceded in rapid succes- sion. A provisional government was formed in Mont- gomery on the 4th of February, with Jefferson Davis as President, and Alex. H. Stephens as Vice-President. All efforts at pacification had failed, and nothing seemed to be left but an appeal to arms. If the seceded States w^ere to be brought back by coercion, Virginians could not look on with calmness and indifference while armies from the North marched through their borders for this purpose. Between the 20th of April and the 7th of May the company began to be organized which was first known as the King and Queen Artillery, but afterwards as Company K, 34th Virginia Infantry. On the 30th of April we had forty-six men enrolled, and the first squad drill was conducted in the yard at Stevensville Academy, under Josiah ("Pat") Ryland and Alexander F. Bagby, both of whom had been trained at the Virginia Military Institute. There were twenty men in ranks, 223 224 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA and for nearly an hour that morning, and another that evening, we took our first lessons in the art of war. Colonel (afterwards Captain) John R. Bagby, who was the leading spirit in getting up the company, was at this time in Baltimore on business; and as the fight had just taken place there on the streets between some of the citizens and a regiment of Federal troops, ap- prehensions were entertained that he might be forcibly detained. May the 7th. — There was an immense gathering at the Courthouse for the purpose of drilling the militia of the county. Colonel Bagby had returned, and in the afternoon a meeting of our company was called in the Courthouse. We were now sixty-eight strong. Colonel Bagby was called to the chair, and John W. Ryland appointed secretary. A committee consisting of Colonel Bagby, Josiah ("Pat") Ryland, Dr. William T. Fleet, Edward Bagby, A. F. Bagby, and the writer, was appointed to draft rules for the organization of the company. This committee met that night at the resi- dence of Colonel Bagby and discharged this duty. May the 8th, at 3 P. M. — The company met in the Academy, and the constitution was adopted. Where- upon John R. Bagby, upon motion of the writer, was elected captain by acclamation; Josiah (" Pat ") Ryland ist lieutenant; A. F. Bagby, 2d; Josiah Ryland, 3d; Benjamin Walker, 4th; Edward Bagby was chosen sec- retary; George Didlake, treasurer; Dr. William T. Fleet, surgeon; and Rev. R. H. Land, chaplain. W. T. Haynes, Douglas Muire, John Bagby, Jr., and William Myer were appointed sergeants, and John W. Ryland, E. F. Acree, Boliver Lumpkin, and Joseph Cosby, cor- porals. The company was then divided into squads and drilled for an hour. The first and second lieutenants were sent over to Richmond to procure uniforms, and returned with a supply of gray cloth and military caps. The work of drilling was now pushed with vigor. Tuesday, May 21st. — The company met, sixty strong, all in uniform. Under the direction of Colonel Robert Gresham, the election of officers was confirmed, the company inspected, and certificates duly sent to KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 225 Governor Letcher. The uniforms had been made al- most entirely by the young ladies of the community. Thursday, May 23d. — Virginia cast her vote for the ordinance of secession. At our precinct, Stevensville, there was not a vote against it. The same day, the writer and Sergeant W. T. Haynes left for Richmond, at the request of the company, to endeavor to secure a light battery of four guns. ' On this trip the writer met for the first time Major General R. E. Lee, who was soon to become the central figure of our struggle. The General said it would be impossible to supply the demand for guns, and urged that the company should equip itself with muskets, or even with shotguns, if necessary. With much disap- pointment, and some hesitation, the writer suggested that shotguns would avail but little against the long- range weapons of the enemy. Looking around for a moment with a benignant smile playing over his fea- tures, he replied: "Sir, your people had better write to Mr. Lincoln and ask him to postpone this thing for a few months, until you can get ready for him." The answer was promptly made: "General, we will use I the shotguns," and the modest lieutenant retired in good / order. A few days after this the captain left for Rich- 1 mond, and the first lieutenant for Gloucester Point, to \^rrange for our departure for the field. "Wednesday, May 29th. — We met at Stevensville at 3 o'clock, eighty-three men in ranks, and had a general drill. The whole community turned out to see us for the last time. Tears and ice cream flowed freely. This was our first night in barracks. Religious services were conducted at 8 o'clock by Rev. Messrs. R. H. Land and Isaac Diggs. The excitement of the occasion was not promotive of sleep. Thursday, May 30th. — At 4:30 A. M. the roll was called; all were present and in good trim. We marched to Mantapike, and there embarked on the schooner Way. Loud cheers were raised as we drifted out into the channel, and then a solemn prayer was offered by Dr. S. S. Henley. At 12 we were transferred to the steamer Logan, and at 2 p. M. reached West Point, 226 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA where we had quite a military reception given us by the two companies already there. We were duly mus- tered into service by Colonel H. B. Tomlln, and went into our barracks. Saturday, June ist. — The men were sworn into the service by William A. Spiller. The next day, our first Sabbath in camp, we met in a sort of Sunday school and prayer-meeting, which closed with a sermon by R. H. Land. Our time was now devoted to drilling. The King William troop arrived fifty-four strong, commanded by Captain Douglas; and on the 6th General Lee paid us a visit, and left us under the impression that we would be sent to Yorktown in a few days. News came on the loth of the battle of Bethel. This caused quite a stir in camp. Wednesday, June 12th. — We took the steamer Logan for Yorktown, but finding no accommodations for us there, we were ordered back. The next day was observed throughout the Confederate States as a day of fasting and prayer. Friday, June 14th. — Lieutenant Whittle gave us our first drill at the heavy battery, and the next day we took charge of it. Thursday, June 20th. — We again took passage to Gloucester Point, reaching there at midnight. Fifty of us slept that night in one small room, lying like sardines in a box. The next day we met Colonel Thomas J. Page, with whom we were to be closely associated for many months; Colonel Crump, commandant of the post; Lieutenant-colonel Page, Major Wheelwright, Lieutenant Bradford, our first drill master, and others. Sunday, June 23d. — Captain Councill's company ar- rived, and on the 26th Captain Spencer's and Captain Sutton's. Monday, July ist. — Captain Page gave us our first drill in the heavy battery. The month was spent chiefly in this uninteresting employment, together with unload- ing lumber vessels, building a shell house, improving our battery, and preparing more permanent quarters for ourselves. We were now one hundred strong. The first KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 227 thrilling news of the battle of Manassas reached us. We at once fired a salute of eleven guns. The months of August and September were very try- ing ones to our troops. Yorktown was a perfect hos- pital, and Gloucester Point was not much better. We had only fifty men for duty. September 15th. — Captain Otey's and Captain Jor- dan's companies arrived, and for the first time these robust men from the base of the peaks of Otter wit- nessed a process which, in their simplicity,, they called " hulling oysters." October 13th. — Rev. William E. Wyatt preached his first sermon as chaplain of the post. On the 31st we had a general inspection and review. The companies from the battery were marched up to the field and took their place in line. Of course Captain Page was indig- nant. He considered his command " on board ship," and recognized no man's right to rule over them. November found us hard at work on our winter quar- ters, under the general direction of Privates Wright, Crouch, and Kemp. November 13th. — Huckstep was reported dead In Richmond. Some of us feared he had been foully dealt with. About the middle of the month our whole bat- tery force, strengthened by the infantry, hauled a large rifle gun to its position on the hill. November 20th. — The Accomac refugees came pour- ing into our camp, and several joined our company. Saturday, December 7th. — There was an alarm in camp. Our guard boat was fired upon, and our whole command was at once turned out. Three days after- ward, Captain Joe Drudge's sloop was fired upon by the Federal gunboats. This we considered a first-class insult. Saturday, December 21st. — The King and Queen militia reported for duty. We were now veterans and heroes, and the appearance of the militia excited no little amusement in our ranks. .Saturday, the 28th. — William Hugh Courtney died / at home, after seven weeks' Illness. The company was I called out, and suitable action taken. ^28 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Captain Jarvis came down with Christmas suppHes, causing great joy among us. The officers gave Captain Page a famous dinner, and at night we had a general reception, in which the whole company participated. Our head cook, Osborne, told us the next morning, with quite a sorrowful countenance, that he cut and served one hundred slices of cake. So closed the year 1861. We were all In comfort- able quarters. We had our drills, and inspections, and guard duties, and Sunday schools, and prayer meetings, and regular preaching on Sunday, along with the pleas- ures of camp life. January 20th, 1862. — Captain Page was ordered to West Point to superintend the erection of gunboats, — a personal affliction to everyone In our command. On the 22d, our first lieutenant, Ryland, weary of the dull- ness of camp life, and panting for home, left for the pur- pose of seeking a position under General Thomas J. Jackson. It turned out, however, that the arrangement could not be made. If it had been, it is hardly prob- able that he would have been here to-day to take part in this reunion. On the 25 th of January our command was called out, and a parting letter was read to us from Captain Page. Friday, February 7th. — Our men were mustered in for another term of service by Lieutenant-Colonel Page. Some changes occurred at this time. The news from Fort Donelson and Roanoke Island cast a gloom over our camp. Thursday, the 20th. — Addison Phillips died, after three wrecks' illness. The company escorted his remains to the steamer. Saturday, the 22d, President Davis was duly Inau- gurated in Richmond. Tuesday, March the 4th. — Lieutenant-Colonel Car- ter arrived and took command of the battery forces, and on Monday, the loth, the company was reorgan- ized. Captain Bagby being reelected; A. F. Bagby, first lieutenant; the writer, second; and W. T. Haynes, third. The next sensation In camp was the naval victory In Hampton Roads. March 23d we hauled our heavy KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 229 guns up to the bastion fort on the hill. On the 28th everything was astir. We moved our quarters outside the lines, dug wells, and waded in mud and sleet and darkness. The enemy was reported in heavy force at Newport News. General Lee was now in command of all the forces in Virginia. Friday, April 4th. — Great excitement in Yorktown; our infantry were ordered over. Saturday the enemy appeared in front of the lines there, and a balloon was sent up. Firing was kept up all day, and six ships came in sight. Captain Page arrived, greatly to our relief, and took command, Colonel Carter having been relieved. News reached us of the battle of Shiloh, and the death of General Albert Sidney Johnston. Our troops re- turned from Yorktown, and the first shell thrown over into our lines was quickly dug up and inspected. The duel between the lines at Yorktown was kept up during the balance of the month. Thursday, May ist. — Orders came from General Johnson to evacuate Gloucester Point at dark to-night. The whole camp is filled with bustle and excitement. The artillerymen are equipped with muskets; three days' rations are cooked; the ammunition is moved to the vessels, and the whole command is under arms with but little time to rest, until the evening of May 4th, when Anderson goes around and spikes all the heavy guns, and we move off at 8 o'clock, the Twenty-sixth Regiment in the lead; then the militia; then an artillery battalion; and last, the Forty-sixth Regiment. We reached Gloucester Courthouse at dawn, and rested a few hours. Passing through Centreville we were rnet by our friends at King and Queen Courthouse, with supplies. Many of the men gave out on this heavy march. The road was strewn with knapsacks, over- coats, and camp utensils. The next night we camped at St. Stephen's Church, and the following at Mangohick. We spent the night near Old Church, and on the loth of May moved down into New Kent and began to real- ize for the first time that we were a part of a large army seeking its position around Richmond. Men, tents, wagons, batteries, quartermasters, commissaries, 230 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA all in inextricable confusion, and everybody in every- body's way. Thursday, the 15 th. — We crossed the Chickahominy at midnight, and had a hard time of it, making two miles in about five hours. Alas for the vexations and unaccountable delays, the marchings and countermarch- ings of an army. Nobody knew anything. Men went to sleep standing in the ranks. The very mules nodded between the beatings given them by inexperienced drivers for refusing to pull through bottomless roads. Everybody was mad and hungry, and worn out and un- patriotic. At last we turned into fields about six miles from Richmond, and broke into wagonloads of hard- tack. The next day we moved nearer the city, and on Sunday, the i8th, our eyes were greeted with the sight of its spires. And now the doom of being finally con- verted into infantry seemed to settle upon us, to our bitter regret and utter disgust. Even the old battery that some of us had nursed all the way from Gloucester Point was taken away. We were quietly assigned to Rhodes's Brigade, and the addition of Captain White's company constituted us a battalion. Our former first lieutenant, Ryland, left us to try his fortune in another command. And now we were in for it. Roll call at 4:30; squad drill at 5 ; company drill at 8 ; and battalion and bri- gade drill at 5 P. M., in the field near Roper's mill. For several days we were kept in constant commotion, marching and countermarching, up the road and down again, none of us knew why. On the night of May 30th there was a heavy fall of rain. It was a fitting prelude to the storm of battle, the rain of shot and shell through which our boys were about to pass. It was evident that serious work was ahead. Saturday morn. May 31st. — We were under arms at an early hour, little knowing what was before us. Large bodies of infantry moved with us down the road. The command was given to halt and load; and then we made a hurried march through field and wood, double-quicking until oflicers and men were out of KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 231 breath. We formed in line of battle, and Captain Otey, acting as field officer, in connection with Captain Bagby, addressed the command in a few words, exhorting every man to keep cool and do his duty. We then marched to the front through a pine thicket, charged through acres of felled trees, raised our first Confederate yell, and in a few minutes found ourselves in a strong horseshoe fort, from which the enemy had fled at our approach. We turned their splendid twelve-pound napoleons upon them with telling effect, and charged on through their deserted camp, under a galling fire. Five of our boys fell in a few moments, — Bacon, Butler, Courtneyj Holmes, and Pynes. Sergeants John W. Ryland and William Meyer, Corporal Boliver Lumpkin, and Pri- vates Ben Carlton, Tom Segar, John Gresham, Benja- min McLelland, H. C. Pendleton, John Willroy, George Hurt, Jim Kelly, Hurt, Benjamin Sale, Tom Myrick, and others, were wounded. Falling back after a while to the redoubt, we were relieved by other troops. President Davis and General Lee ap- peared on the scene and were vigorously cheered by our men. Dear Otey had fallen, and the field was covered with our dead and wounded. Night closed the scene. We slept on the field, ministering to the wants of the wounded and dying. Never can the writer forget the last words of that brave boy, Jimmy Bacon. He was mortally wounded and slowly dying, and on being asked if anything could be done for his comfort, he replied; " Just leave your canteen with me, to relieve my thirst, and please take a lock of my hair and my watch for my mother, and tell her I was not afraid to die, and cheer- fully gave my life for our cause." If Bacon's grave could now be found, we would erect a shaft to his mem- ory and engrave these brave words upon it. Sunday the battle was renewed; but we were too much cut up to take part in it. The roads were filled with ambu- lances and wagons conveying the wounded to Richmond. We buried our dead on the field, and after lying down that night to rest for a few hours, were called up, made a forced march through mud and mire, and wagons and ambulances, to a field where we at last found some rest, 232 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA and began to collect our scattered forces. General Johnson had been wounded, and General Lee assumed command in a general order. [The battle of Seven Pines.] Monday, June 9th. — Our company. Captain Otey's, and Captain Jordan's, were ordered to report at once to Goode's Regiment, Wise's Brigade, below Chaffin's Bluff, on James River. We had now only thirty men for duty, and having pitched our tents near the Childrey house, began again the dull round of daily drill. Wednesday, the 25th. — Jackson swooped down upon the enemy's right, and day after day we heard in the dis- tance the seven days' battle that culminated at Malvern Hill, July I St, and sent McClellan's forces reeling to their gunboats. We did picket duty on the river, and watched the result with intense solicitude. Great was the relief and joy in Richmond. The month of July was without incident. Drill and guard duty, chills and mosquitoes, were the order of the day. We rarely had more than thirty-five men for duty. The captain was sick at Coyner's Spring, and the first lieutenant in Richmond. The exchange of prisoners now began, and they were constantly passing our camp on the way to Varina. McClellan " changed his base," and Lincoln called for 300,000 men. August brought its daily drills and chills, and courts-martial. September gave us great joy over the victory at Ma- nassas, and the march into Maryland. On the 7th of this month our company was again detailed for battery service under Captain Page, and John Willroy dryly remarked that " once more we had retired to the quiet of domestic life." Thursday, the i8th, was a day of thanksgiving and prayer. Until the middle of October we were engaged in hauling logs and building quarters for the winter, and on through November we drilled daily at our two rifle guns, two mortars, and one eight-inch columbiad, com- manding the river below Chaffin's Bluff. Regular reli- gious services were held on Sunday and during the week. Thursday, November 20th. — Our captain returned KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 233 from Richmond with the rank of major. Lieutenant A. F. Bagby became captain; the writer, first lieutenant; Lieutenant Hayes, second lieutenant; and at an election held on the 24th Benjamin Walker was made third lieu- tenant. Early in December there was a deep religious awakening in the company, and Albert Gresham and John Parks made a profession of religion. The serv- ices were conducted by Elders George F. Bagby, John Pollard, and William E. Wyatt. Monday, December 2 2d. — Our young captain left under somewhat suspicious circumstances. It was given out that he was on recruiting service. We soon learned that he had captured a fair damsel near Walkerton, and mustered her into the Confederate service on Christmas day. On the 30th she was introduced at the officers' quarters as the first female recruit. January, 1863, was a dull month in camp; rains were incessant, and we had nothing to do, nowhere to go, and nothing to eat. The excitement each day was Norvell Ryland's return from Richmond with papers and letters for the command. February was no better. Snows and rains suspended all military operations. March 7th. — Captain Page was ordered to Charles- ton, greatly to our regret. The question of supplies was now becoming a serious one. The men drew as a day's rations, one quarter-pound of meat, one quarter- pound of sugar, one and a half pounds of flour, and a little rice and salt. April was without special incident. Saturday night. May 2d. — Jackson was wounded at Fredericksburg, and Sunday Richmond was wild with excitement over the enemy's raid around the city. The relief was great when the news came of Hooker's de- feat, but the immortal " Stonewall " Jackson died on the evening of the loth; on the iith his remains were brought to Richmond, and on the 12th lay In state in the Capitol, where thousands called to look upon the dead hero. May was spent by us In camp, turfing magazines and discussing VIcksburg, now the center of military interest. 234 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA We again began our infantry drill, and this gave us more to do. Purkins took a two-horse plow from a neighbor, " just to keep his hand in," he said, and with Jim Eubank as driver, was preparing for a crop of vegetables. June was another dull month with us. Lee was in Maryland, filling the North with terror. Hooker was relieved, and Meade put in his place. Gettysburg was fought July ist, and Vicksburg fell on the 4th. On the i6th President Davis called out all men from eighteen to forty-five. The month of August witnessed a great revival in the Twenty-sixth Regiment, under the preaching of Rev. A. Broaddus of Kentucky. About one hundred and eighty-five professed religion, of whom Chaplain Wyatt baptized nearly one hundred. Towards the last of the month there was much sickness in camp, thirty- three being with chills at one time. The writer was separated from his command until November. September 4th. — Wise's Brigade was ordered to Charleston, our company and Captain Montague's being included. The command passed through Peters- burg, Weldon, Wilmington, and Florence, and reach- ing South Carolina, went Into camp early in October on Wapper Creek, near Charleston. The months of October and November gave us but little employment. An occasional change of camp, the constant shelling of Fort Sumter by the enemy, and fur- loughs to Virginia, were the staple of conversation. November 28th. — Rev. R. H. Bagby arrived from King and Queen with 1200 pounds' weight of supplies for our company. We regarded him as an angel of mercy. He had followed us up through the fortunes of war, ministering to our temporal and spiritual wants. In December we were doing picket duty on Little Brit- ain Island. Rations were small; lean beef, rice, and po- tatoes constituted our bill of fare. Flour was $125 per barrel, corn $60 per bushel, and neither love nor money could purchase coffee and butter. January 15th, 1864. — Colonel Goode was assigned to the command of the second subdistrlct, with headquar- ters at Adam's Run, the Fourth and Forty-sixth Regi- KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 235 merits, Whilden's Cavalry, and Kemper's Battery, con- stituting his command. He extemporized a staff, select- ing an officer and several men for duty from our com- pany. February 9th. — The enemy landed on John's Island, capturing our pickets. A part of our brigade went down at once, but they had left as suddenly as they came. Wednesday, March 2d. — The writer was at home on furlough, and had the pleasure of taking part in the cap- ture of Dahlgren's raiding party, near Stevensville. Papers found on his person were said to contain direc- tions to capture and sack Richmond, release all pris- oners there, hang Jefferson Davis and his Cabinet, and then make for the Rappahannock River. The last of this month witnessed another religious awakening in our company. News now reached us from Virginia that General Grant had been placed in command, and immense prep- arations were going on there to overwhelm us in the jr'mg campaign. A day was set apart for fasting and prayer. Chaplain Robert gave us an excellent sermon. April 15th. — Major Bagby left us to recruit his shattered health in Virginia. General Wise tells us he is constantly expecting marching orders; but he is busy making combs, spoons, and pipes, and working in his garden. Tuesday, May 3d. — Our marching orders came at last from General Samuel Jones, commanding our de- partment. All was bustle and excitement. On the 5th our regiment took its departure, filling two trains. We heard as we passed through Charleston that the enemy were moving against General Lee on the Rapidan, up the Peninsula, and on the south side. We reached Flor- ence on the 6th, all in high spirits, cheering everyone we met, and making the woods ring with our songs. We reached Wilmington Saturday, hungry as wolves, and found peanuts $2.00 a quart, and short measure at that. Sunday we passed through Weldon, and reached Jarratt's Station at 8 that night. A raiding party of the enemy, in command of Cutts and Spears — ominous 236 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA names — had just destroyed all the railroad property there. We marched all day, to Stony Creek. Tuesday, the loth, we passed through Petersburg, and out to the Dunlap House, where we were in arms all day. We heard that there was some reluctance on the part of General Wise to serve under General Bushrod Johnson. There was considerable activity along the lines, — shell- ing and picket firing and constant shifting of the few troops on the ground. We learn that General Lee has repulsed Grant every day for a week, as he shortens his line and falls back towards Richmond. Wednesday, May nth, 1864. — Our forces moved across Swift Creek against the enemy, but did not en- gage them. We were then ordered to Dunn's, three miles below the city, on the City Point road. Got Here the diary ended. It would be impossible now for the writer to finish the sentence, or to add a word to it. We evidently "got" into business. The siege of Petersburg began now in earnest. We had but little time for rest, and could not complain of neglect when any work or fighting had to be done. A mere handful of men kept Burnside's magnificent corps in check for days, when it really had nothing to do but to march into Petersburg. The effort to drive Butler's heavy force gave us hard work, and our company did its full share. A stirring and affecting incident occurred during one of our charges to get possession of the Osborne Turnpike. Crossfield had received a mortal wound, and was be- ing borne to the rear on a stretcher. Meeting us, he waved his hand in triumph, and exclaimed: "Go in, boys, and give it to them. It makes no difference about me." It is impossible now to recall dates and events during this summer. We settled down to life in the trenches, being rarely relieved, except for a day or two at a time, when we sought rest in the ravine just behind old Blan- ford Cemetery. Casualties were constantly occurring. We ate, slept, had our social gatherings and our reli- gious services within the lines for many weeks. The KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 237 monotony, drudgery, and constant exposure of such a life were borne with great patience and fortitude. On the morning of July 30 the battle of the Crater occurred, and the death of Edward Bagby, while bravely defending an important part of the lines, cast a gloom over our whole company. To the gentleness of a woman he added a moral courage that knew no fear in the discharge of duty. The fall set in with no additional activity on the part of the enemy. It seemed to be a dogged perseverance on both sides. We can never forget the faithfulness and devotion of our camp servants. With every opportu- nity to escape, they were as true and faithful to us as the best of us were to our cause. Being in command of a part of the lines one day, the writer said to the servant who brought him his dinner: "Jack, there are your friends, not five hundred yards distant. They say they love you, and have come to set you free. If you wish to join them, the way is open; not a musket shall be lifted upon you, and in five minutes you will be a free man." The boy's eyes actually filled with tears at such a sug- gestion, and he answered quickly: "I s'posed you thought mo' ob me dan dat. Gi' me a gun, an' I'll show you whar I stan' ! " This seemed to be the common feeling of our old servants who followed our fortunes through the war, and endured all the hardships of camp life. October 27th, 1864. — In the evening one hundred picked men of the enemy made a sortie upon a salient of our lines defended by a battery. It was a bold move- ment, and was well executed. They were soon in pos- session of this part of our line, killing and wounding many of the artillerymen and infantry stationed there. This was to be the beginning of a general attack. When the firing began the writer was in the Crater, detailing a picket for the night from Colonel Tabb's regiment, the Fifty-ninth. Squads had already been sent out from the other regiments to relieve those who had been in the rifle pits on our front all day. Supposing that, through mistake, our command was firing on the relieved pickets as they came In, he ran down the 238 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA trenches, ordered the companies through which he passed to cease firing, and in a few moments found him- self in the salient held by the enemy. His consterna- tion can better be imagined than described. There was no chance to escape. In a few moments he was hurried over the rampart and across the narrow field separating the two armies; and although he fell twice, hoping thus to break the hold of his captors and hide in a rifle pit, and tried to feign death by stretching out his limbs con- vulsively and then ceasing to breathe, the experiment failed, and he found himself a prisoner of war, — along with Colonel Harrison, Lieutenant-Colonel Wise, and Lieutenant Cox, of the Forty-sixth Virginia. And here his humble contribution to the history of our company must close. A few days at City Point, two months at the old capital at Washington, and six in Fort Delaware, brought with them a suspense far more unendurable than the hardships and dangers of daily service in the field. Other hands must trace the record of the hard winter that followed, — the battles of Hatcher's Run and Sail- ors' Creek, the retreat from Petersburg, disasters that " followed fast and followed faster," until failure was written upon the Confederate cause, and the sun went down upon it at Appomattox Courthouse. PART III DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL CHAPTER XII SELECTIONS FROM THE POEMS OF KING AND QUEEN [The following beautiful and touching lines were written by Mrs. Sarah Jane Bagby, the wife of Rev. Alfred Bagby, of King and Queen County, Virginia, on the death of her mother, Mrs. John Pollard, whose high-toned Christian character and earnest piety shed for many years a bright luster upon Mattapony Baptist Church, of which she was a member.] MY MOTHER There is a form now hid from view, From which my own its being drew. It sweetly sleeps beneath the sod, — The darkened way the Savior trod, — My Mother. There is a spirit, glad and free. Now dwelling in eternity; It calmly rests in Jesus' love, Forever blest in heaven above, — My Mother. I fain would tell the matchless grace. And all the many virtues trace, ' ' That shone in form, in face, in heart, ' And made her seem of heaven a part, — \ My Mother. < But ah! 'tis vain. The sun doth light ; This world of ours, and make it bright: So she was sunshine in our home, — A radiance reaching to the tomb, — My Mother. And then above, with gentle hands. They raised a monument. It stands To tell, so all around may hear, Her memory is supremely dear — My Mother. 341 242 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA And surviving daughters come to weep O'er the cold grave where she's asleep, And strew with flowers the sacred mound Where peaceful rests in hallowed ground My Mother. A sister's love she never knew ; An only brother, fond and true. Clasped her cold hand. How sweet 't will be To clasp it in eternity ! My Mother! While yet a babe upon her knee, She spoke of Jesus' love to me. And bade my aspirations rise To better things beyond the skies — My Mother. In after years, when storms arose. And trials grew, and many woes Came thick and fast, she bade me still " Be happy in thy Father's will " — My Mother. " As dies the wave upon the shore," She calmly slept, then woke no more To this vain world, but far away She woke to an eternal day, — My Mother. Her loving sons then sadly bore Her body to the grave ; but o'er That precious earth, that silent tomb, There cometh nought of fear or gloom. My Mother. Yes, she is gone! and I am left. And earth of half its joy bereft. As oft her empty chair I see. The world seems empty then to me, — My Mother. Yet there is one who more doth miss Her loving smile. His earthly bliss Was centered there. But ah! 'tis fled; He's lonely now, since she is dead, — My Mother. ^..^•^f^^W^}^' MISS SAkAIl JANK I'OI^l^ARD US34-18S8) Mrs. Alfred Bagby FACING 24a KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 243 But, happy thought! again we'll meet, To cast our crowns at Jesus' feet ; To join in anthems loud and long, Praising the Lamb with joyful song. My Mother. MY BIRTHDAY WISH By Luther R. Bagby, Stevensville, Va. I'd like to be a boy again And run around the farm. And play those childish games once more That did us all no harm. I'd love to kneel by mother's knee And say my evening prayer. And look into her lovely face While I was kneeling there. I'd love to have that same sweet hand Upon my shoulder laid, As back into a little room My boyish feet were led. And down upon the floor we knelt Hard by the mercy seat, And God was asked to keep her boy Close to the Savior's feet. I'd love to kneel again once more Around the fire place. And hear my father's pleading voice Praying for daily grace. Sweet praises filled the very air And heaven lit up his face. As kneeling by the old armchair He reached the throne of grace. I'd love to go to Sunday School And learn the way of life. And spend those happy days again So free from sin and strife. I'd love to meet my class again That met there by the door, With good Judge Jones, our teacher then, Who left us long ago. ^44 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA He took us all the Bible through, And taught us all the way That Moses and the prophets went And leads to endless day. My life has been so full of faults I fain would live it o'er, That I might give more life, more love To Him whom we adore. Since this is all denied me, Lord, Oh, give me grace to live. So that when I am called away A good account may give. TO MR. AND MRS. MOORE B. WRIGHT ON THE DEATH OF THEIR BOY By Sarah Jane Bagby How soon the icy hand of Death did nip The tender flower And cause its leaves to fade and die In one short hour ! Yet long enough it lingered here to fill Thy loving heart. And make thee feel as if it were of life The better part. Did Stranger pluck the tiny Bud within Thy garden fair? Or was it He who loves and keeps thee 'Neath his care? Father ! Mother ! Thou must feel 't was God, — did send An angel to transplant the rose He Did but lend. Then thank Him for the fragrance shed Around thy way ! Bend low, " pass 'neath the rod," He'll Be thy stay! When thy long day is ended, thou shalt Claim thine own. And find within the pearly gates thy Flower, full blown. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 245 Didst thou e'er see the eagle stir The eaglet's nest? And briars place 'neath down to pierce Their tender breast? That they might try their wings, and large Of stature grow? Mid bracing air, mid purer climes, Nor look below ? Just so thy God would say to thee. Take staff in hand, Rise, follow; I will lead thee to The better land ! Thou wilt bless the cruel thorns that Pierced thy breast, Nor would not let thee rest within Thy earthly nest. HER PORTRAIT M. E. P. As on thy face I gaze to-day. Thy smile seems a caress. Thine eyes with merry, laughing light Again my spirit bless. The past the present seems to-day, — The years behind us flung; We stand on Love's sweet threshold, dear, And thou and I are young. I've not forgot how fair thou wast. My bonny, bonny bride; No envious veil of silken gauze Thy loveliness could hide. But lovelier far than e'er before To me thou then didst seem. And life was all, to thee and me, A sweet midsummer's dream. Ah wife, I dimly knew thee then. Thy worth I had not guessed; Through joy and through gloom alike, Thy love bore every test. 246 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA So true thou wast, so noble, dear. So bright, so strong, so brave; Then waters deep of trouble came My sorrowing soul to lave. No fixed gulf divides us, love. Only a peaceful stream; With brightest hopes of joy beyond Its lucent waters gleam. Though long the years I've missed thee, dear, Thou'st seemed not far to me, — Some day the bridge that spans the tide Shall bear me o'er to thee. LINES BY PROF. RYLAND The following lines were written by Prof. Josiah Ryland when he was principal of the Stevensville Academy in 1856, and many of the King and Queen people, as well as others, will be interested in seeing them in print. — H. R. P., Jr. 1856 O age of varnish, cant and shame. That wanteth nothing but a name ! King William throws the gauntlet down In peerless Bessie Blanchie Brown ! Come to the rescue, King and Queen, Produce thy Walker, Dora Deane ! Unfurl the banner of the sun; Make way, make way, for Fenelon ! And let the glory of the day Burst forth afresh in Ora May ! O who the matchless grace shall tell Of her of Woodville, Floss Rochelle! But, Bessie, Dora, Floss make way For the last cherub, baby Gay! Who, the last Pleiad of the skies, With ebon hair and azure eyes, Appears on earth, a Peri bright. To glad our eyes and charm our sight. Here, for a while. Dame Fortune's wheel. Exhausted by the maddening reel. Rests pendent while new names are found Of would-be grace and empty sound. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 247 When " Woman's Rights " to laws attain, And girls go courting, might and main. When Bloomer pants become the rage, And high-heel gaiters strut the stage; When boys no longer woo the lassies, But maidens court them to their faces, O what the luckless wights shall save From anguish, or an early grave? For girls (from number) must, of course. Attack the beaux ten on a horse ! O Fenelon, my son, my son, In such a case thou art undone ! Fly for thy life while now thou may'st. Or cut thy throat with prudent haste. Old times return ! restore the reign Of Polly, Nancy, Sukey, Jane, Jemina, Phoebe, Ann, Eliza, Abigail, Venus, Eloise. Away with varnish, cant and gloss! Away with Bessie, Dora, Floss ! No longer with such babies bore us. If earth with babes must be replenished Till the last settlement is finished, Do give them honest Christian names. As Matthew, Thomas, Andrew, James, Daniel, Ezekiel, Peter, Paul: — Apostles, prophets, martyrs all. Such names our grandsires honored long. On author's page, in poet's song; Such names were towers of strength indeed When men for liberty did bleed. Such were the watchwords of an hour When men staked all for Freedom's flower. But now the time of bronze returns, And honest cheek with flushes burns. Cant, affectation, gloss, begone ! " Old times," old times, return, return. THE OCEAN G. P. B. Who has not felt as he stood and gazed far out o'er the ocean wild, That the moving flood was the voice of God communing with His child? £48 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Whose soul has not thrilled and thrilled again at this majestic scene, The thought of lands far distant from view and the ocean lying between? Do the heavens declare God's glory? The firmament show His hand? Then come with me where the sky and sea bid a long adieu to land ; Who, there, is not awe-struck and subdued, drawn close to the God above. Whose life is not sweet and strong, I ween, in touch with Him who is love? Dost doubt the existence of God and the final triumph of right? Dost think that life speaks but of itself and death only heralds night? I'^hen go, I pray, to the ocean's shore 'neath a clear and star-lit sky, And say who painted the picture sublime that greets your ravished eye. Who orders the waves as they rise and fall with rhythm like that of song? The breakers dashing their foam on the sand, to whom do thcbC belong ? What human artist such colors could blend in picture half so grand? What power now save an infinite one can answer your soul's demand? But hark ! a storm comes up o'er the deep, the blue sea turning to green ; The sparkling spray on the crest of the waves enlivens and crowns the scene. The wind, as it rides full blast on the storm, breathes tales of magic power ; The breakers roar and the lightnings flash, and the clouds with tempest lower. What law is back of wind and waves? Who speaks the storm into being? Whose voice sounds clear 'mid the roar of breakers arising and fleeing? 'T is the voice of God speaking to you till your soul gives answering thrill. The same voice that will presently say to the storm, "Now peace; be still." Hast stood alone by the silent grave of one you loved as your life? Hast lost faith in the goodness of God and fallen a prey to strife? Then stand again at the water's side as the sun sinks slow to rest. And listen the whisper come softly, " The father above knows best." The crimson rays from setting sun, as they mellow the water's blue. Speak to your soul of the life to come and the Father's love for you ; Remember man only tarries here, as the waves arise and are gone. And each one owes to God and himself to rejoice and not to mourn. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 249 Hast wandered away from home and the right in paths of sin and shame ? Hast forgotten how at mother's knee you lisped the Father's name? Then go, at the first faint break of day, Satan and sin to dethrone, Make bare your head and kneel on the shore with God and the sea alone ; Now listen, O child, to thy Father's voice, " Come unto me " — the test, Prodigal son, who hast strayed so far — " and I will give thee rest " ; Turn thy weary steps toward home at last, renew thy early vow ; The Father will place a ring on thy hand, a kiss upon thy brow. Hast won some well-earned victory, some hard and strenuous fight? Hast carried the day and reached the goal, turned darkness into light? Stand e'en now at the midday hour near the ceaselessly moving tide. As the glowing sun gilds the waves, and the waters sparkle in pride: Then bowing thy head with humility, bid thy heart send thanks above To Him who holds the earth in His hand, yet marks the fall of the dove; As thy soul overflows with joy and peace, forget not whence they came, But rise to still better and nobler things, e'er trusting in His name. WHEN THE LAURELS ARE BLOOMING. [Some five miles from Goshen station, Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, the North River cuts its passage through the mountains, and the pike leading to Lexington, Va., works its way along the banks of the river, the whole making a scene at once enchanting and sublime. It was an object of great admiration to the late Commodore Maury. In his dying moments he was heard to murmur, " Take me through Goshen pass, when the laurels are blooming."] When the laurels are blooming. When nature serene Is clothed in its brightest And loveliest green. Bear my body then slowly, Yea, gently along. And sing while you bear it Your sweetest of song. When the laurels are blooming. When mountains of blue Are bathing their summits In bright azure hue, 250 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Oh bear me, then bear me, Where they silently rise, And speak, while they point To a home in the skies. When the laurels are blooming. When the bird in its nest Is waking to carol From winter's long rest, When glad notes are warbling From leaflet and tree, Oh, bear me where laurels Are blooming for me. When the laurels are blooming. When the waters so wild Are chafing and fretting Like yon wilful child. As they dash o'er the lone rock, So well-worn and gray. Where the laurels are blooming Oh, bear me that way. But the laurels, 'though blooming. Will wither and die; Their leaves, torn and scattered, Forgotten shall lie; But his name and his fame. To Virginia so dear. On the page of her story Shall ever recur. Thus sadly they bore him Where the laurels did bloom, And tenderly laid him In a cold, humble tomb; But his spirit, freed spirit, From sorrow and strife, Is blooming immortal By the River of Life. LINES ON THE DEATH OF ROBERT M. TABB, C. S. A. [Written, at the request of his widow, by Sarah Jane Bagby.] Far from the din of battle, far from the noisy strife Of a nation's conflict, up to the better life, — Borne by the wings of angels, soared his pure spirit away. Far from the blood and carnage, on that calm autumnal day. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 251 He died for home and country, none braver e'er marched to the field, Of all that proud host of warriors that stood as their Nation's shield, That stood,— but alas! have fallen, who nobly have fought their last fight. Whose watchword, at home or in battle, was " God, my country, and right." When forms that were stouter-girded, when hearts that were strong did quail. On that day of unequal contest, that caused our proud banner to trail, He rushed and with colors uplifted, he rushed to the front of the fray, And calling on others to follow, gave his life to his country that day. Ah ! who may tell of the rapture that bursts on the astonished eye. As earth with its tumult of passion, is exchanged for the glories on high? When the ear one moment greeted by the sound of the musketry's ring. Is tuned for the heavenly choir, to the music the angels sing. Oh, say not in vain was the effort he made his country to save; In vain, whether living or dying, is never the fate of the brave. But history will write the true story, far down through the ages of time. Of the deeds of the hero soldier — a record both true and sublime. But alas! who shall comfort the mourner, dry the eye of the sorrowing wife, As she clasps to her bosom in anguish his babes, now her solace and life? The God of the widow and orphans bids the wild waves of sorrow cease. And the heart of the sadly bereaved is calmed with heavenly peace. Jan. 15, 1878. THE EMPTY SLEEVE. By Dr. G. W. Bagby. Tom, old fellow, I grieve to see The sleeve hanging loose at your side; The arm you lost was worth to me Every Yankee that ever died. But you don't mind it at all; You swear you've a beautiful stump, And laugh at that damnable ball — Tom, I knew you were always a trump. 252 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA A good right arm, a nervy hand, A wrist as strong as sapling oak, Buried deep in the Malvern sand — To laugh at that is a sorry joke. Never again your iron grip Shall I feel in my shrinking palm — Tom, Tom, I see your trembling lip. How on earth can I be calm? Well! the arm is gone, it is true; But the one that's nearest the heart Is left — and that's as good as two; Tom, old fellow, what makes you start? Why, man, she thinks that empty sleeve A badge of honor; so do I, And all of us — I do believe The fellow is going to cry. "She deserves a perfect man," you say; "You not worth her in your prime?" Tom, the arm that has turned to clay Your whole body has made sublime; For you have placed in the Malvern earth The proof and pledge of a noble life — And the rest, henceforth of higher worth, Will be dearer than all to your wife. I see the people in the street Look at your sleeve with kindling eyes; And you know, Tom, there's naught so sweet As homage shown in mute surmise. Bravely your arm in battle strove, Freely, for freedom's sake, you gave it ; It has perished — but a nation's love In proud remembrance will save it. Go to your sweetheart, then, forthwith — You're a fool for staying so long — Woman's love you'll find no myth. But a truth, living, tender, strong. And when round her slender belt Your left arm is clasped in fond embrace. Your right will thrill, as if it felt, ^ In its grave, the usurper's place. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 253 As I look through the coming years, I see a one-armed married man; A little woman, with smiles and tears, Is helping as hard as she can To put on his coat, pin his sleeve. Tie his cravat, and cut his food; And I say, as these fancies I weave. That is Tom and the woman he wooed. The years roll on, and then I see A wedding picture bright and fair; I look closer, — and it's plain to me That is Tom, with the silver hair. He gives away the lovely bride. And the guests linger, loth to leave The house of him in whom they pride — " Brave old Tom with the empty sleeve." CHAPTER XIII TWO MEN DESERVING TO BE REMEMBERED, AND A BOY SENT ON A.N ERRAND BY JOHN POLLARD Alexander Dudley was one of the most prominent men of his day. He was a practicing lawyer of King and Queen County, Va., yet was also the father of a railroad. The old people of the county can readily re- call him. I knew him, though at the time he was a rnan and I was a boy. He came into prominence by a single step. That step was the inception and comple- tion of the Richmond and York River Railroad, merged since his day into the Southern. He was the first to give practical shape to the enterprise, the first to be- lieve it could be carried through thirty-four miles, from Richmond to West Point, and the man that deserves the most honor for that achievement. He floated the stock with which the road was built. With surprising enthusiasm and energy he induced men in the cities of Baltimore and Richmond, and in King and Queen, King William, Hanover, New Kent, Gloucester, and other counties to invest their money. He was made the first president, as he well deserved. The road was char- tered in 1853. Three years afterwards (1856) the first passenger train was run through, as I have been informed by a gentleman who has conversed with the engineer who that day had charge of the throttle. The only marked difference between the road then and now is that at that time the train went into West Point, not on the Pamunkey, but on the Mattapony side, and here the terminus remained for a time. But the most herculean work of Mr. Dudley had not yet been done. When the war between the States was at an end, the Richmond and York River Railroad had scarcely anything left to it but the graded track on which 254 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 255 it had been built. What was to be done? The presi- dent might give up, might surrender to difficulties. The utterly prostrate condition of Virginia might seem to justify such a course, but the old-time energy and in- domitable perseverance of the man who had begun the enterprise came to the rescue. Mr. Dudley, still presi- dent, succeeded in persuading the original stockholders to the only course that could restore the road, — to sur- render their first-mortgage bonds and take second-mort- gage bonds, and let sufficient bonds be sold as a first lien upon the property to rebuild and reequip the road. This gigantic task was accomplished and the great highway of commerce was given back to the public, refurnished for work. It has been thought that his death in 1869 (when he had by no means attained an advanced age) was partly due to the responsibility and labors taken upon himself in putting the enterprise upon its feet again. The carrying through of the York River Railroad suggested, and paved the way for, another enterprise. That was the organization of the West Point Land Company, which project meant the purchase of five hundred acres of land at West Point at thirty dollars per acre. That purchase embraced the whole of the point itself, and all the land between the Mattapony and the Pamunkey, as far as the five hundred acres would extend. The land was bought of Hon. William P. Taylor, who once lived at West Point, though at this time he was residing on a fine estate called " Hay- field," on the Rappahannock River in Caroline County. The purpose was, of course, to build up a town at the place, in which project some had faith and some had no faith whatever. Those composing the company were substantial men of King and Queen, King William, and surrounding counties. The directors held their first meeting on the 27th day of March, 1856. At this meeting B, B. Douglas was chosen president and John Pollard (my father) secretary and treasurer. The directors usually held their meetings at West Point. It did not look much like even a small village then, to say nothing of a town. There was but one house at 256 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA the place. That was the former Taylor residence, which had been turned into a tavern and was occupied as such by a Mr. New, after whom it had been named. Here the directors met. The proprietor had a well furnished table, — no wonder, as he had three rivers to provide him with what was necessary. My father took me (a boy of sixteen years) with him to the meeting of the directors at West Point to help him in his duties as secretary and treasurer, not so much because he needed my assistance as that I might be somewhat trained to the ways of business. Transactions with Mr. Taylor for land purchase occurred on April 17th, 1859. My father continued to be the secretary and treasurer as long as he lived, the last proceedings taken down by him being dated the 19th of November, 1875, and his death being noted first on the 25th of February, 1878. I rather suppose that my employment as an occa- sional help to my father (in his official services to the land company) suggested the outing that now, with the reader's indulgence, I will attempt to describe. It must have occurred in the spring of 1857. My health, though not now infirm, was then by no means superabounding in robustness. Accordingly I was stopped from school at the beginning of the session of 1856-57 and kept for twelve months at active out- door pursuits. One of the healthful employments given me by my father was to go on horseback to Mr. William P. Taylor's, in Caroline County, and pay him $1000.00 as a creditor of the West Point Land Company. Why he was willing to take the risk of transmitting so much money by the hands of a boy of seventeen summers I cannot tell, unless he wanted a way of training me to business, and at the same time of furnishing me with the bodily exercise he thought I needed. When I got to my destination at Mr. Taylor's I would be only fif- teen miles below Fredericksburg, and I asked my father if I might make my journey a little longer and see that historic town. He readily consented. I was now made ready for the trip. " Jenny Lind," my father's riding horse, was brought out and saddled up, the money KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 257 was fastened under my clothes close to my body; I was given directions about the road; I mounted, and was soon lost to sight. I spent the first night after leaving home at Mr. Harry Latane's in Essex, whom my father knew very well, he being a first cousin to my father's mother. I found him quite an old man, but exceedingly kind and affable. Just before I reached his house I was overtaken by a heavy downpour of rain, which made me quite wet. Old as he was, he took great interest in drying my clothes, calling me all the time " Cousin John." He was the father of Captain Latane, who was the only man killed in the raid around General McClellan's army and is immortalized in the picture " The Burial of Latane." Soon after leaving Cousin Harry Latane's I struck the river road, and pursued that all the way. I passed Lloyds and Loretto, and an ancient colonial church with many tombs around it, and at length reached Port Royal about dinner time. I went in and got something to eat. After feeding my- self and horse I mounted again and went on to Mr. Taylor's, which ((if I remember rightly) was about five miles farther on. He received me very politely, and while he was counting the money Mrs. Taylor enter- tained me very pleasantly, speaking of the time when they lived at West Point and telling me how she used to enjoy looking out upon the bright waters of the York. Mr. Taylor was now an old man. He had himself been a member of the United States House of Repre- sentatives, and was a son of the distinguished John Taylor of Caroline, a United States Senator and a friend of Thomas Jefferson. (John Taylor was the man that offered the Resolutions of 1798 in the Vir- ginia House of Delegates.) Mr. William P. Taylor and wife were childless and occupied a fine old mansion, but it was not my plan to spend the night with them. I was to press on that evening and reach Frank Gouldin, whose acquaintance I had formed in attending, as a boy delegate, the Baptist General Association of Virginia. So when the money was paid over and Mr. Taylor's re- ceipt obtained, and a burden of responsibility lifted from my mind, I set off again on my way to Fredericksburg. 258 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA I soon reached the home of my friend, who received me very cordially. Next morning I got to Fredericksburg, looked around the town, ate dinner, and started for home, fifty miles away. I cannot recall, to save my life, where I spent the night, but I think it more than likely that I put up a second night with my friend Gouldin. I started in time to reach before dinner Dr. William A. Baynham, a Baptist minister with whom I was well acquainted. He lived then in a fine mansion below Loretto; lived in affluence, and kept an open house to all his friends. On being ushered into the parlor I found that Dr. Baynham was holding an old-fashioned dinner day, and was entertaining Senator Robert Hunter and his wife and Representative Garnett and his sisters. Dr. Bayn- ham, though a bachelor, served an elegant and sump- tuous dinner. The company was very agreeable. I do not remember the subject of conversation, except that Senator Hunter told me that he knew my uncle, Judge Jeffries, and, I think, further said that they were col- lege mates at the College of William and Mary. (As to this second statement, I begin to suspect that my memory is playing me a trick, for neither the records of William and Mary nor the life of Hunter makes any mention of his having been a student at that college.) When, after dinner, I told my hospitable host that I must go, he ordered my horse from the stable, where she had been well fed, and I mounted and proceeded on my journey. My memory does not enable me to say whether I reached home that evening; if I did it must have been quite late. I certainly got back safe and sound. I took very little account, at the time, of my mother's feelings in being called on to give me up at seventeen years of age to go alone on horseback on so long a journey with such a sum of money on my person. But I can see now that her motherly heart must have given me up with hesitation and reluctance. I can easily imagine her and my father conferring about the matter, and seeing that I was rapidly approaching manhood and ought to be thinking somewhat, at least, about taking on a man's responsibility, and that the KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 259 outdoor exercise which the journey would give me was the very exercise that my health called for, they agreed I should venture. Certainly my mother made no ob- jection, but I can now imagine what she felt then, and how glad she was that I got back without serious mis- hap of any kind. CHAPTER XIV LIFE ON THE OLD PLANTATION We have it in mind to tell some things about how mat- ters went on the old King and Queen plantation, for the delectation of the younger set, who never had the keen satisfaction of seeing it, and taking part in it, as the writer had. The actors here will be the master and mis- tress, the children, overseer, cook, hostlers, plowmen, farmhands, and house servants-at-large, all colored ex- cept the overseer. The " Great House," as the negroes invariably called it, the home of the master and family, was the seat and center of the rural scene. It was usually a building of two stories, often with dormer windows, one or likely two wings, cellar and basement, — say in all twelve rooms, with pantry, and closets ad libitum. The lawn was spacious and shady, with kitchen and meathouse in the rear, and office in front. The over- seer's house stood apart, often one-fourth to one-half mile away, while comfortable cabins for the servants ran in a line on one side and to the rear. The planta- tion stretched around and abroad, partly open for the crops, and largely wooded. This woodland was a very godsend, for, to say nothing of rails for fencing and lumber for building, coal was yet unused here and much wood was used to cook and to keep fires aglow for master and his dependants. It ought to be added that there were ample gardens, usually in rear, for both whites and blacks. We are up very early some fine spring morning for a purpose; and now as the gray streaks of opening day stretch upward from the eastern horizon, we are sud- denly startled by the echoes of a cowhorn, which pierces the dullest ear. Instantly the whole plantation is astir. The overseer uses his bunch of keys, and swings wide open the doors of the great barn, and the less capacious corncrib, and here come Ben and Coleman, 'ostlers, and MK. Jf)IIX HAC.liY 1791-1878; prominent as Merchant ami Deacon Br\iinuton Clnucli : father of L)rs. Kicliant H., Geo. F. and Alfred BaKby, and of Mai. John K. Bagby ; and Mrs. Bagby. PACING 260 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 261 behind them Ottoway, Reuben, Jacob, and Carter, for not only must horses be seen after, but mules, oxen, sheep, and cows. Now all of these are comfortably groomed and fed; when all hands retire to the kitchen, and keen appetites are satisfied with coffee, cornpone, fried bacon and molasses. And here come Caroline and Big Lucy, milkpail poised on the head, to extract the white and foaming liquid from distended udder, and presently churn it into yellow butter. And now to the field! Coleman, Ben, and Carter take their re- spective teams, and now the mellow earth turns over fast from the sod, giving out a sweet odor as it turns. Old Isaac is off with oxen and cart for a load of wood or fence rails, or likely a load of marl from the bank to dress the upturned field. So we press on till the horn sounds for twelve, noon, when teams and men get rest and dinner. And when night's sable curtain falls, and supper is over, the young men and maids gather, banjos, and mayhap a fiddle, are tuned, and an hour or two of dancing beguiles the time; and then sweet sleep, till the horn sounds again. This with fencing, grub- bing, and the gardens, fills up the week's work, and when Sunday comes, young and old of both colors in best attire flock to church, and hear the sweet story of Jesus and the Cross by Shackford, Semple, or Todd, — white and colored alike, the master and the servant. By and by Easter and then Whitsuntide, with two days' holiday each, and now the white dogwood blossoms tell that corn-planting time has come. The plows go before to open the furrows and here come the men, the boys, and a sprinkling of women. It must be borne in mind that in January and February we were largely snow- and ice-bound, and it gave us nearly as much as we could do to cut and maul and transport the wood needed to keep aglow the many fires to make mistress and the colored women and pickaninnies com- fortable, and to cook the three meals a day to feed everybody. Moreover, the snow is sometimes very deep (as we remember very well, in the fearful season of 1847 with drifts fifteen or twenty feet deep) ; then it is more wood and more work. But the two cold months 262 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA do not last forever, thanks to the good Father, and now we must make up for lost time. And now while I have been talking and talking, the grains we have planted are alive again and shooting up all along the row. Then comes the work of replant- ing and thinning out, when the small plows are put in to " side " the little plants, and every one must then be brushed over with the weeding hoe. Yes, I hear you fellows of the modem cultivator and harrow call out " What a tedious and toilsome waste of time." Perhaps; but the men of that day made the corn, and that was what they were after. And now in the brighter days of May and June the four furrows are to be re- turned to the growing plants, and then the hoe again, to " hill up." Thus the crop is laid by. HARVEST We have been so busy with the corn that we had almost forgotten this matter of unfailing interest. It is now toward the second, or maybe the third week in June. The sun is hot and fast getting hotter; and look yonder ! The wheat is ripe, for the stalks are tak- ing on a golden hue, and the heads are full and ripe; for they hang low. It must be reaped, or the precious grain will waste. So here comes old Ben Braxton, his cradle, with blade keenly ground, over his shoulder, followed by Coleman, Ottoway, and Reuben of the younger set, each followed by a boy to sheave the wheat, and by others to stack it. (Reader, did you ever see a " cradle"? A stout oak handle four feet long, two inches thick at the butt end, has set into it at a right angle a steel blade, curving inward slightly, by means of a hook on its shank end, an iron ring, and a wedge. Five or six wooden fingers, curving like the blade, are attached, flanking the blade, and catching the straw when cut. This was the implement of those days, and it was much better than the primitive sickle, though it yields now to the great "harvester.") Ben, Sr., is a veteran at this business, and knows all its ins and outs. Reaching the field he takes the lead KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 263 row, returns and tackles a second, the rest following. When that is cut through and return made to the start- ing point, all feel need of a breathing spell; so old Ben lifts his cradle from his shoulder, lets the end of the handle fall with a thud upon the ground, pulls his little whet-blade from the ribs, shoves it into the light soil at his feet, and proceeds to whet his blade, his body swaying to and fro, keeping time to the rhythmic music of the whetting. So the work goes on till we have two hours for dinner, and then at It again till by and by the field is reaped, and the wheat comfortably shocked. A good story is told of a King and Queen farmer who had as a head man a veteran negro named Um- phrey. It was a custom of many years' standing, when the toilsome days of harvest came, to send out each day a jug of whisky from which each might get a sip now and then. This time the master had been fearfully smitten with the temperance fever which was abroad in the land at that time. As the morning work was about to begin, he called up his man and said : " Umphrey, whisky is a dreadful thing, — it kills so many people and ruins so many homes; and therefore I have determined to give you all a barrel of good, cool molasses-water in its place." It is doubtful whether surprise, disappointment, or indignation was most prominent in the old darkey's sensations. He was dumb for a moment, but rallied, and said: " Marster, marster, this here crap is too heavy to be rept on 'lasses ! " Right or wrong, Umphrey got his whisky. LOG-ROLLING Preparation for this has been largely made in the leisure days of winter. It must be borne in mind that in that day vast tracts of land which might otherwise have been cultivated were in wood, most of it primitive and heavy. To be rid of this was the problem. So in winter the hands were set to work felling the trees and cutting trunks and limbs into proper lengths; and then rolling them into piles convenient for burning, 264 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA plenty of twigs, stumps and dry wood being shoved into the chinks and crevices. Thus they would stand until the hot sun had thoroughly dried the pile, then the plows were set to turn a few furrows around to prevent the burning of adjacent stubble and grass. Now fire is applied, and all burned to ashes. Thus it was that millions of feet of lumber were ruthlessly destroyed which would now be immense fortunes to the owners. There was a surplus of labor, and many to be fed, and so the forests had to go. Very many would say now, like the boy anent the pie, " Wish I had some! " When the neighbors gathered together and began roll- ing there was singing, shouting and merrymaking, and by and by feasting and drinking, till the work was done, — the lassies doing the cooking and sharing the fun. THE COTTON GIN So far as is known to me — indeed I feel assured of it — the father of the writer, John Bagby of Stevens- ville, and Mr. Samuel P. Ryland and Mr. Walker, were the first men to introduce this machine into the county. This was about 1837. It was very common to see upon every respectable plantation a good-sized cotton patch; but the fiber was separated from the seed by hand, and it was a tedious process. A few devel- oped remarkable adeptness at this, and my father was one of the few. After supper, a huge bag of cotton being brought in and spread out before the open fire, my father would spread out his large bandanna hand- kerchief on his lap and proceed to pick, the rest fol- lowing in order. He could do it, but it was my abomi- nation. " Peter Parley," or " Sanford and Merton," suited me much better. I was glad when the gin came, though even then my fingers were kept in training for a time. Now let us see about this famous invention of Whitney. There is a huge box with a capacious mouth at the top to receive the cotton, and an opening in front for the lint, and one smaller in the rear for the seed. Peep inside, and you see a number of fine- tooth saws embracing a wood cylinder set horizontally. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 265 The spindle end projects outside the box at one end, arranged to receive a leather band, — this is the gin; but how are the saws to be propelled? By horse power, as we shall see. Come with me and I will show you: As we stand here on the ground, do you see that great wheel under shelter, set horizontally into a large per- pendicular shaft? This shaft sets on an iron gudgeon which works in a socket at the lower end, and the same at the upper end. The wheel has cogs on its upper side; the cogs work into others set on to a spindle, which last at the other end carries a band wheel. Turn to the big shaft again: Heavy poles or scantlings, five or six, are set into it below and extend out some fifteen feet, — these are for the draft horses. Now connect the band wheel of the spindle by means of a leather band with the corresponding spindle of the gin on the floor above, hitch the horses to one or more of the sweeps, and we are ready. The horses turn the big wheel, which in turn gives rapid motion to spindle and band wheel, and that gives redoubled motion to the gin saws. Drop in a bag of cotton, old Ben, as you stand there with veiled face to save nose, mouth, and eyes from the inevitable dust, and in a twinkling you see the light fiber flying out in front, while the seeds drop at your feet. You say, reader, that this is a very heavy, clumsy machine. Yes, but it was a real godsend to the people of that far-away day; for men came from far and near, and paid toll gladly to get a benefit. Many a weary hour have my brother, the Major, and I spent in that old gin room, " vexing our righteous souls." This same horse-power threshed the wheat and oats. A MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE Next Friday, August 28th, is to be a great day at Bunker's Hill. Queen, one of the younger cooks in training, is to be married to Jim Taylor, who belongs to Mr. Bonivita, the great confectioner of Richmond; and all the country is agog, — the younger lads and lassies are quite excited. Queen has been busy making up and baking her cakes and pies; the pig for roasting is fattening in the pen; the ham, already boiled, is 266 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA large and juicy; the wedding trousseau is about finished, and things are moving nicely. Peggy, the housegirl, generally called " Peg " for short, is to be first of the six bridesmaids, and is to lift the veil as the ceremony ends, for the groom to salute the bride. Parson Sparks is to officiate, and when he retires there is to be a big dance. Thomas Hoomes, the fiddler, and Sam Motley, the banjoist, are putting their strings in tune. Time, you know, does not wait for anybody, and while I am getting ready to tell you about it, the 28th has come, and so have the darkies ! From north and south, from east and west, they crowd in by troops and bands. Now Peg is pretty, winsome, and ambitious; she is especially anxious to be admired. Inasmuch as the best dress she can produce is a little worn and faded, the thought comes to her that one of the gowns of her young mistress — a handsome pearl silk — was just the thing to set off her beauty. What must Peg do but steal softly upstairs while the family is at supper, ex- tract the pearl silk from the wardrobe, and presently don this for the marriage. Things now go forward as had been planned,— -the marriage is finally over, the groom kisses the bride; the grand supper is served, and the preacher departs. This is the signal for the dance. Hoomes calls the partners and the figures, and here they go back and forth, to right, to left, in and out, promenade all. The interest and enthusiasm are great, and increase every moment. Peg is doing her best; she is much sought after. All thought of time is forgotten, everyone is so absorbed. All at once the day breaks, the horn sounds, and consternation reigns supreme. Peg, especially, is thoroughly frightened, — she looks to right, to left, for an exit, and every avenue is blocked. To stay here was certain exposure, — go she must, for the avenger is at hand. There is but one way — the window, so draw- ing back a step or two, she rushed madly head fore- most at the window, carrying glass, sash and all before her, and went flying to the forest, where she stayed several days; but she finally returned, a penitent, and was forgiven. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 267 THE WORK OF THE NEGRO WOMEN The year's work is drawing towards its end now, and someone will say, " What of the women all this time? " Bless your soul, they have found work in plenty. Bear in mind that everybody, saint and sinner, old and young, must be clothed. Yonder is an abundance of wool from the flock, but it needs to be washed, carded, spun, and woven. Then the suits must be cut out, and made up. Moreover, there are a score or two of mouths to be filled three times every day, and the cooking and clean- ing to be provided for; there is bread-making and bed- making to be done — have women nothing to do? Sometimes one of the good old " mammies " has it laid upon her to look after the black pickaninnies while the mothers are at work, doing patchwork or waiting on the sick. Many a time, no doubt, our colored sisters have thought, though they may not have expressed it in language quite so classic: Man works from sun to sun, But woman's work is never done. Then too, death, whose icy skeleton shows its horrid white teeth to white and black alike, would often in- vade our rural home, and for a day or two there was engrossment for all. There is a strange and weird at- tractiveness in death. Women are more excitable than men, and on these occasions their lamentations and moanings could hardly have been surpassed by Rachel weeping for her children. In song their voices were rich, mellow, and rhythmic. T remember well how one day, about 1858, when a really powerful meeting was in progress at Mattapony, during recess the colored people gathered outside the west door, and an old brother lined out one of the old chorus hymns. The crowd caught up the strain, and the music seemed to me as near to the seraphic as we ever hear it on earth. The best element of the whites were largely in sympathy with them in all this, bating some extravagances. If Reuben Smith was graceful in handling the wheat 268 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA cradle, and Warner Hall deft in manipulating the hoe, surely Aunt Isabel was the most exquisite baker of bread, cake, and pies I ever knew. My mother was uniformly good and kind to the negroes, often rising from her bed at night to wait upon the sick. I person- ally knew a gentleman, who hearing that one of his women was sick ten miles away, mounted his horse, rode down, and stayed by her all night and saved her life. My father bought a frail mulatto named William Ferguson. William was a carpenter, a man of quick intelligence, eager to learn; I used to sit with him by the hour, listening to his sprightly talk and teaching him arithmetic, etc. He could draw a plan, fit every post, sill, and rafter deftly to its place and finish off your house a la mode. I was away at college when William died, and it distressed me a good deal. HOG-KILLING TIME Ah, now you make the small boy's eye kindle and his mouth water, for only Christmas itself has greater charms for him. It is now the second week in De- cember, — the atmosphere is crisp, the earth is frozen under our feet, a scum of ice has formed on the water, and it is time to make ready. This important event in the year's operations began to give signs of its coming away back in October, when the slim and crusty pine- rooters and Chesters were brought in from the fields. Then we make a floor of small saplings, and upon this build a pen, say ten by twenty feet. See that you make it strong and high, for the hog you will find very much like one of General Pickett's men captured at Gettys- burg, who, when a fussy Union officer came near the pen, and began to give orders for safeguarding the prisoners, called out, " General, you give orders to have us a plenty to eat, and do it quick, or we won't stay here ! " Have a good thick bed of pine-tags in the pen, and set in a large water-trough. Now throw in corn just from the shuck, with beets, or turnips, now and then. This is the process; and now that we have kept it up six or eight weeks our porkers are sleek and fat, — KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 269 they are ready for the shambles. This brings us to the gist of our story. I heard my father tell old Isaac this morning to bring up a load of dry wood and lightwood and dump it near the hogpen. Then in the evening come Ben and Reuben, who roll up two green logs, swing up between them four large boilers and fill them with water. My brother and I are observant of all this, and lay our plans accordingly. And now to bed (after prayers and supper), till a bright light shines in at the window. This is all we ask, — we quickly don our clothes, and in stocking-feet creep downstairs, and out into the crisp night air and the darkness. Guided partly by instinct and partly by the kindling firelight, we reach our des- tination. The water is boiling now and the porkers must die. The boys jump into the pen, old Ben stands with butcher knife pointed and keen in hand, and as each hog is dragged out he makes one sweeping stroke across its throat, then plunges it deep toward the vitals, and as the blade is withdrawn, out gushes a stream of rich, purple blood. One or two convulsive struggles and the poor brute is dead. Then he is plunged head foremost into boiling water, after which the bristles fall away at the touch. " Cut the tail off, Reuben." And this done, we gash it in slices, rub on a pinch of salt, let it lie on the live coals a few minutes, — it will crisp and curl up, and to a boy's palate is as ambrosia to a king. We pass by the cutting and curing, for that is com- monplace; but when it comes to sausages, spareribs, and shortbones, we are there and there to stay till the prudent warn us of the nearness of Christmas, and that some space must be kept for what that happy season has in store for us. CHRISTMAS And so here we are now at the end of the year, and up against the day for which, to the youth of the land, all other days were made. We have had our fun in hunting old hares, shooting squirrels from the tall trees, the robins in the cedars, and the partridges as they 270 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA hurtle away on the wing. We enjoyed them all, but they were only taken by the way as we looked forward to this glad fruition. And ofttimes, as we have puffed and sweated in the tiresome cornfield, we have cheered our fagged spirits by a thought of Christmas, and now here it is at last. Will the realization be as fair as hope led us to expect? The day is, as Heaven wills it, fair and frosty. It is ushered in with a sort of jin- gling sound, — not so very musical it must be admitted, — though so intended. The sound of a distant horn, then a bell ringing, then a chorus of a dozen tin horns, then popcrackers, with bursting of bladders, and half a hun- dred voices shout, "Hurrah for Christmas!" Then the children come rushing in pellmell to tell what won- derful things Santa Claus has brought to each, besides the stocking full of nuts and candy, — oblivious that pa and ma knew it before they did. Then after breakfast all hands gather on the porch, where there are piles of dresses, coats, hats, blankets, shoes (for old brother Cook has been here to dress up the leather), and what- nots for every man and woman, boy and girl, — even Peggie, yes, Peggie gets her share too. Here, of course, are the two Bens, Isaac, DaVy, Coleman, Osborne, Jim, Carter, Ottoway, Reuben, Warner, Isabel, Agnes, Caroline, dear old Aunt Polly (our mammy), and a host of small fry. Each gets his share, and all, white and colored, are happy. Now a round of sports and frolics, in which colored and white are mingled, and as the clock-hands near the hour of one, carriages and buggies come laden with brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, and cousins galore, and then comes dinner. Taking everything into consideration, the writer has nowhere seen such dinners as those. A large turkey well fatted and well roasted invariably graced the foot of the long table; a ham and cabbage the head; oysters, a roast of beef, ducks, souse, hominy, celery, etc., flanked them on either side; and after a while, when a goodly portion of these have been disposed of, comes the desert, — and whew! what an exhibit is here. There are pound-cake, sponge-cake, jelly-cake, mince pies, po- tato pies, cherry tarts and lemon, with custard and jelly KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 271 a-plenty; sometimes a plum pudding would be substi- tuted for one of these. Here was a feast for the heathen gods; better, if possible, it is. All hands of us, master as well as the humblest of his slaves, now have a good week's rest, and so the year comes to an end. SUNDRY DEVELOPMENTS OF CHARACTER One of our neighbors owned a bright mulatto boy named Thomas, — an active, intelligent, and withal a handsome youngster. Thomas was a houseboy, — reared to run errands, bring in the food, wait on the table, etc. As such he was useful, had he not developed an apparently instinctive propensity to pilfer. As he brought in the hot biscuits he would slip two or three from the plate into his pocket, and so with other viands. One day his master noticed that Thomas's pockets swelled out beyond the usual proportions, when he sprang suddenly up from the table, and with all his strength pressed the steaming hot biscuits against the poor boy's thigh, till he cried out in pain with the burning. It cured him for a time, but he soon returned to his old habits, like the sow that was washed. His master seeing this, called him up one morning, and said, " Thomas, I have warned you again and again about this thing, and I have punished you for it, but you will persist. You must go out this morning with the field hands and work with them." This was the boy's abomi- nation, but he must make the best of it, so out he went. The hours were long, however, and the sun very hot; Thomas shirked and flunked the work whenever he could. One day the master suffered it to get out that business called him from home. So his saddle horse was accoutered for his use, and after a hasty inspection of the field he rode off. This was a ruse to catch Thomas. The master passed out into the highroad, traveled a mile or two, then turned and rode back to the field. Missing the boy from the row with the rest of the men, he inquired of the head man, and learning he had dis- appeared under pretext of wanting a drink of water, he rode to the spring and found Thomas sleeping 272 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA soundly under the shade. Dismounting, he came near, and stooping began fanning the sleeper with his wide- brimmed straw hat. This was refreshing, and Thomas had a splendid nap; but presently, yawning and stretch- ing himself, he opened his eyes, and at sight of his master he wilted visibly. Notwithstanding all this, Thomas proved incorrig- ible, and the master sold him South. One of our neighbors was Col. P , a gentleman of sharp wit and keen observation, large experience, and fine conversational powers. Another was a teacher, Mr. B , smart and well taught. The two were fond of each other's society, and conversed much to- gether about law, politics, social matters, religion and philosophy. The former had a house-boy named Cor- nelius, — short, lubberly, fat, lazy, and black " as they are made "; but Cornelius, to do him justice, was politic, shrewd, and obsequious. One Sunday afternoon the colonel and the professor were discussing the capacity and characteristics of the negro race, when the colonel asserted that a negro would always do things in the inverse order of what was desired. This precipitated a hot discussion of an hour, the professor affirming that this was abnormal, unnatural, and against all reason, — hence could not be so. " Well," said the colonel, " I will test it, and you will see. In the next room here is a pair of slippers; you go in there, and see that they are arranged in proper order, — the right on the right side as usual. I will call Cornelius to bring them in here, and if he does not invert them I will yield." This was done, the boy came and brought in the slippers — cap in one hand — put them down, and at his master's word went back to his work. In some mysterious way, by some uncommon ratiocination, the slippers were in- verted, the right on the left side, and vice versa. Again, Peter Lewis was a very good worker, but slow and dull. His master sent him to the upper gate to open an old drain on the right-hand side and release some ponding water. After far more than the necessary time his master went to see about him and found him tugging away, vainly trying to carry KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 273 the water off by digging a deep ditch on the wrong side. One day when the father was sick, his little son came in saying that he had found quite a pile of corn hid under some litter in the stable. Upon inquiry it was apparent that the 'ostler had taken advantage of the owner's sickness to extract the corn from the crib, and to hide it for his own use. The authorities of the law got word of it, and Jacob was convicted after trial; but the master interceded and the sentence was very light. GENERAL MUSTER Monday, June 15th, 1838. To-day I am ten years old. Being at the store this morning, I heard some gentleman talking about the Fourth of July; they said it was to be celebrated at the Courthouse; that it was also General Muster day; that General Braxton was to be there to review the troops; and General Muse is coming over from Essex, and the cavalry is to charge the infantry. They said the whole county would be there and many from outside. My! what a time it will be, — we must beg Pa to let us all go. Saturday, July 4th. Ma says she will stay to take care of the house, but the rest are all to go, — Pa on his horse, Billy Button; the girls in the carriage, and the boys in the horsecart, which Ottoway is to drive, carrying dinner for us all, and horse feed. It is only six miles, and we soon passed the Mill. When we mounted the hill and came in sight of the Courthouse green, the whole place seemed to be filled with men, horses, wagons, carts, and carriages. Here and there were little tables where men and women sold horse- cakes, cup-cakes, round-cakes, and biscuits. We boys went for these and soon spent all our money. There was great noise and confusion — men and women chat- ting, boys, girls, and negroes rushing about, horses neighing, and soldiers jostling everybody, with now and then an epauletted officer. Presently a shrill voice rang out: "Captain Courtney's company parade here! parade here! " Then another: " Captain Bland's com- 274 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA pany parade here!" Another: "Captain Lumpkin's company parade here ! " and so on to the end. Pres- ently the several companies were brought together and aligned; and Major Saunders, seated on his noble bay, orders: "Regiment! left face, forward march!" I have heard the raven's croak, the eagle's scream, the steam whistle, but for an ear-splitting sensa- tion I am yet to hear the equal of the fife in the hands of Conway Courtney that day, as an accompani- ment of his brother James's drum. They were in front, and each did his best — for noise they distanced everything. Now, we are in the open field, soldiers in line, the rabble hanging around, the ladies in carriages on the outskirts. Suddenly drum and fife an- nounce the coming of officers, — Col. Boyd appears es- corting two, one on each side, the generals of brigade, each dressed up in burnished uniform, with brass but- tons, sword and epaulettes. The colonel rides to the front, issues orders, and the whole line passes before the great generals for inspection. This done, yet further orders are issued, and the entire line is formed into a hollow square, the field officers enclosed. Up to this time the cavalry have hardly been seen, they are hang- ing around in the bushes and over the hills. All at once a bugle sounds in the distance, and someone cries out: "Here they come! " Like a tornado (not quite so fiercely) they sweep down, and now try their best to break into the square. The unaccustomed horses, less willing than their riders, recoil from the stern faces and threatening canes of that square phalanx. Once more the attempt is tried, but in vain. The regiment is countermarched, and we all dispersed to our homes, tired but pleased. Ah ! how little did the youthful and un- mindful spectators of that scene dream of the real con- flicts, the face-to-face and hand-to-hand conflicts, in which they were to bear a part in but little more than two decades from that day! KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 275 A GREAT DAY IN RICHMOND One day In October, 1840, my father greatly sur- prised me by saying, " Son, I am going to Richmond to-morrow, and will carry you with me." Now I had hardly ever been out of the county in my life, and be- sides, there was to be a great Whig convention in the city (it was the year of the exciting campaign for " Tip- pecanoe and Tyler too"), the great Daniel Webster was to speak, and other notable men. My mother, early the next morning, robed me in my best bib and tucker; my father climbed to his seat in the sulky, took me between his knees, and we set our faces towards the great city. I remember that as we passed by Milan he stirred me by telling that a man named Campbell, who lived there, was cutting down a tree, and by some accident the great tree fell on him and buried him in the ground, where he was found some hours afterward. We crossed the Mattapony at Walkerton, where my father stopped on business, and then on to Piping Tree, where we crossed the Pamunkey. Then turning west- ward we passed Old Church, and so, as the sun neared its setting, we drove up to a tavern at the head of Mechanicsville turnpike kept by a friend of my father, named Achilles Lumpkin, where we slept. Little did I dream that night what stirring scenes were to be en- acted within twenty years around the little hamlet, wherein friends of mine were to shed their lifeblood. A son of our host that night was guide to General Long- street at Ellyson's Mill, a half-mile away, in June, 1862. He afterwards told me that in answer to a question about crossing the swamp then, he said, " Why, General, even a hen couldn't cross there unless she used her wings." Bright and early the next morning we were off for the city. The crowd was astir as we drove up Franklin Street and stopped at a stable. My father took me to the grocery and commission house of Lewis Webb, with whom he traded, and engaged quarters at the " Mansion House," both on Main Street. Presently there came a noise of mingled shouting, cheering, and music, which brought me to the door. A band of music led a long 276 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA procession of old men, young men and boys, followed by carriages, wagons, and carts, filled with officials, spealcers, and ladies, — banners and flags floating aloft and a rabble of all classes and colors crowding the sidewalks. About midway the long line and in the middle of the street came a log cabin set on wheels, and peeping in I saw coonslcins and great caslcs of hard cider, from which last a man, by turning a spigot, was giving out the cider to every comer with can or pitcher in his hand. Thus they moved on to the Capitol square. There a great platform had been built out from the giant pillars on the southern front. After certain preliminaries and an introduction, the big figure and massive head, with a forehead I have never seen equaled (I saw him many times in after years with Clay and Calhoun in the Senate at Washington), stood before the vast crowd and began in low, measured, but sonorous tones, his address. I recall something in his opening sentence about " this bright October sun "; but a treacherous memory, and the passing years, have lost to me all beside. The crowd, however, was in sympathy with Mr. Webster, and I shall never for- get the shout of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" It carried the election. CHAPTER XV COLORED PEOPLE OF KING AND QUEEN COUNTY To form correct views of this element of our popula- tion two things must be done. It were unfair to them to put them in contrast with the whites, as a moment's reflection will satisfy us. The advantages, environ- ments, and opportunities of the two are altogether dis- proportionate. Again, if one really desires to know whether the colored man has made progress, it is neces- sary first to observe his condition of ignorance, super- stition, and bestiality while he was yet in his native home in Africa. This latter viewpoint is quite as essen- tial as the other is erroneous. Avoid the first compari- son, give due attention to the second. Prom the time of the first settlements north of the York and Mattapony they have counted nearly four — at times more than four — in every ten of the whole population, — men, women, and children taken together. In the main it is doubtful whether there ever existed a more docile, contented and happy class of people than were the colored people of this county under slavery. With some exceptions they were comfortably housed, clad, and fed. When sick they had the care of the family physician and the kind attendance of master and mistress — it was to the interest of both parties that this should be so. A general holiday was no infre- quent occurrence, when everyone was free to employ his time as he willed. This was especially true at Christ- mas, and for the entire week, when the big backlog was rolled on the capacious fireplace, feasting and merrymaking were the order of the day. A new suit from head to foot came to men, women, and children, and often a new blanket for each bed was added. Nothing stood in the way of unmeasured joy and delight. Besides other facilities, each married couple 211 278 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA had adjacent to their cabin a small space set off for a garden of vegetables, and in addition each man was allowed an acre or two to be cultivated for his own use, with time in which to till it. This acre or two was usually set in corn, tobacco, or cotton, and its product was at his own disposal. As is true of the white man, — of men everywhere, — they were not all good or all bad, not all unthrifty or untidy, nor all deceitful, lazy, and thieving, — not by any means. Everyone at all acquainted with the negro knows that he instinctively takes to religion. Not always with en- lightened views, nor yet unmixed with a certain ele- ment of superstition, with extravagances, false ideals, and in some cases hypocrisy. Yet, taking him alto- gether, the negro is a wonderfully religious biped. Moreover, here, as elsewhere in other counties and States, the negro, as the saying goes, takes naturally to the water and is a Baptist. There are fourteen colored Baptist churches in the county, and perhaps not twenty- five negro communicants of any other denomination. Their pastors, of course, are men of color, and generally good men, not always well educated. Before the Civil War they worshiped in the same church with their master, were baptized and attended by the same pastor, and came to the Lord's Supper along with those they served. In some places, as for instance at Bruington and Mattapony, seats were as- signed them in one end of the church house. In addi- tion, they generally had services peculiarly their own, the pastor sometimes attending, and one or more white deacons, but the colored brethren doing most of the speaking and praying. They sang remarkably well: the writer has heard as flowing, melodious, and en- thusiastic music, though of course not so artistic, among them as anywhere among musical devotees. In our opinion, it is safe to say that out from among these rude and unlettered assemblages have gone hundreds of devoted souls to join the choir invisible, giving praise to Him that was slain and lives again. Such was the really religious element among the colored people. They KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 279 were not by any means all religious, and of those who were so by profession some were hypocritical and used the church as a cloak for their moral deformities. These, however, were exceptional cases. It were hard to give to our colored people more than their meed of praise for the prevailing patience, forbearance, and faithfulness amidst many opportuni- ties and seductions of freedom during the Civil War. At that time nearly all of the white males were In the army, yet in a large majority of Instances the men and women staid by their mistress and the children, and labored on to the end. They deserve a monument. It would be going too far to claim that the negro Is naturally Inclined to piety, since the inspired word as- sures us that " the hearts of men are fully set In them to do evil "; but It Is not too much to say that as slaves they were more susceptible to religious impressions and more ecstatic in their religious joys and experiences than is common among men — albeit in general not so wise and judicious as most of the other races. Perhaps a better and more distinct view can be had by presenting the colored people of our county In types of the several classes. 1. Osborne Bowler: Was a house servant belonging to Mr. John Bagby. He made no pretense to religion, was Indeed prejudiced against it, possibly because he saw it on its deformed side in false professors, and not in Its reality. Yet he was an Ideal houseman and a real gentleman. He stayed by his mistress to the last. After the war he bought a few acres of land and lived by himself with his family, though he never lost the attachment which bound him to the children of his old master. Osborne was a man of economy and thrift and secured a competency; but he died out of the church. 2. Washington Lewis: Belonged to Garrett Carl- ton near the Courthouse. He was a tall, well formed mulatto, a mechanic by trade. He paid his master so much per month and pocketed all that remained over of his earnings, his master consenting to this arrange- ment. He was sincerely religious and a leader among his people. Washington was a gifted speaker, being ^J: ^80 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA fluent, sensible, self-possessed; and being naturally graceful, frequently spoke in their meetings for wor- ship. During the war he disappeared and was reported as living in Washington city. 3. Beverly Sparks: Was a slave of Dr. William B. Todd at Belmont. He was carriage driver, house servant, and body servant, in a word, factotum to his master. Beverly was taught to read and write, and being bright of mind, gathered a good store of informa- tion, which eventually served him in good stead. He was a mulatto of bright color. He joined the church at an early age, and after the war became an efficient minister and pastor at Zion, a branch of old Mattapony. Beverly's work, coming at such a time, was fundamental and valuable. He left a son, Mark, who is a worthy successor of an honored father. 4. Toliver Ross: Was dark of color, cunning as a fox, and sharp as a crow. He belonged in name to old Billy Brown, but paying his master a stipend he largely controlled his time, using it for his own pur- poses. He married a likely girl at Col. P.'s, and there most of his time was spent. By certain blandishments and tricks of art he quite gained the confidence of the colonel, and by and by carried the keys. Soon the colonel's wheat and corn bins began to show signs of depletion, and he called Ross up and engaged him to watch for and catch the rogue. The rogue was never caught. 5. Old Uncle Killis (Achilles) : Might possibly have been a native African. He was lean, stoop- shouldered, and low in stature, with the characteristic thick lips and flat nose; he was gray-headed when I was a boy. Some people around were skeptics, and sorne wicked, but Uncle Killis believed in " 'ligion " and in his pastor (Parson Todd), and was always in his seat on the front bench next the partition. He would sit calm and attentive for an hour, till by and by the preacher kindled into warmth, then you would be sure to hear from Uncle Killis. Beginning on a low note, but with rising inflection, he would give utterance to a peculiar strain, half moan, half groan, presently swell- KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 281 Ing out and filling every niche and corner of the grand old church house, and reechoing from the heavy walls and high arched ceiling. The venerable pastor would throw a passing glance that way, draw a long breath and proceed with his discourse until Uncle Killis waked up again. The effect, though passing ludicrous to many, was greatly impressive to the few who could rightly appreciate the situation. 6. Charlotte: Was a low, full-set, black woman belonging to R. H. B. She was very loud in her pro- fession of santification, and sure to be at church. In times of revival — indeed she was not particular about that, any meeting would do — Charlotte could sing as loud, get as happy, and shout as boisterously as any of the saints, but unfortunately she had a bad and per- sistent habit, which held her all the week, and at spare times even on Sunday, of stealing whatever she could lay her hands upon, and without respect of persons. 7. Aunt Miami and her daughter Isabel: Were not French but African cooks. They could roast your pig or your turkey, boil your Old Virginia ham, bake you an oven of bread, or your apple pie, to please the palate of an epicure. I have never seen the trained colored cook of eastern Virginia surpassed in the culi- nary art. 8. This paper would not be at all complete were I to fail to mention " Aunt Polly," the wise though sable dominie of the cradle, the trundle bed, and the nursery. She was old when I knew her, slow of man- ner, dignified in demeanor, dressed in modest fashion, with the unfailing headdress of a muslin cap with ruffles in front, and was known in every " great house " as " Mammy." Mammy Polly was fond of children, having once been a child herself; though when that far-away time was, the next oldest member of the fam- ily had never understood. She knew what to do with a baby that was colicky, that had measles, whooping cough, sore throat, or the thousand and one maladies that affect children. She was about the only person I ever knew who could sit and rock a baby all day, and hardly leave her seat to eat dinner. The dear old sister 282 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA is gone now, and I fear me that no one will ever come to take her place. True, she was autocratic in her day and sphere, but she nursed my grandmother, she nursed my mother, she nursed me, and we will never forget Mammy. 9. Her counterpart was " Grannie," whose sole business it was to see after the colored brats of all colors and sizes, while the mothers spun the cotton, wove the cloth, or milked the cow. She wielded the rod too, as she was obliged to, the rascallions were so mis- chievous. 10. One other character we must mention, and that of some importance — at least in his own estimation. It was very common on each one of the large planta- tions to have a " head man," who swayed the scepter over all the rest of the slaves, himself a colored man: " Uncle Robin " was such an one. When master was on hand Robin was obsequious and humble, but Robin was not honest as the day is long, nor mild as a May morn, when master was away; and now, being a public officer, was much afield. Should one of the boys conie short, or even one of the girls be disobedient, Robin was sure to threaten with and often apply the rod, and that in no measured way. Indeed, Robin was more an object of terror if possible than the dread " overseer." A head man was often tyrannical and severe. For some years before the war, especially after the days of Nat. Turner and the insurrection in Southamp- ton county, it was common in every neighborhood to have a " patrol," consisting of a half-dozen white men, who were to traverse the roads and plantations and see that order was preserved among the negroes. Woe then to the unlucky darky who was caught away from home after nine o'clock in the night, unless indeed he was armed with a pass from " Old Master," saying, "Tom (Dick, or whatever the name was) has liberty to pass to his wife's house," or such like. This gave rise to a noted couplet much used in that day: " Run boys, run, the patterroU er comin' ". Aristocracy among negroes. — We talk much about English aristocracy, with its king, barons, dukes, etc., KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 283 and sometimes we hear a little talk about aristocracy even in America. The old-time King and Queen negro was as aristocratic as any of them. A slave of one of the richer men and on one of the great plantations, looked down with a supreme contempt upon his neigh- bor who happened to be the property of a poor man. One of the latter class could not associate with the lordly family of the man of the higher estate, and if such a suggestion was made it was met with contempt. Jim Hill, who was the property of P. T., was looked upon as a " poor man's nigger," but he ventured to aspire to the hand of a daughter of Moses Brown, who was one of a large body of servants belonging to Col. F. *' No, sir! " said Moses, " does dat nigger who 'longs to P. T. want to marry a darter of Col. F.'s Moses? He shan't have my darter." But Jim did get the girl and became very prosperous. — On one occasion soon after the war an old colored sister had lost some chick- ens, and a man named Jack, formerly belonging to a poor neighbor, had been arrested for stealing the chick- ens. When he was taken before the court, the good woman appeared as a witness against him. The Court, addressing the colored woman, said, " Do you know this boy?" She answered in the affirmative, saying she had known him a long time. " And what is his name? " asked the Court; she answered, " His name is Jack." _ "Well, who is Jack?" said the Court. " He is nothing but Jack, he is a poor white folks' nigger, he ain't got no entitle." 4 THE COLORED PEOPLE By One of Themselves A letter from Rev. M. H. Sparks, pastor of Zion Colored Church : The colored people of King and Queen County, Va., are gradually moving up the road to civilization. As a whole they are polite and respectable. We are glad to say that in many homes family prayers are held every 284 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA day; from such homes we look for young men and women with right principles. They are buying land and pulling down the one-room log cabins and building up neat frame houses. They are buying good teams, nice buggies, farming imple- ments, etc. A few have bought sawmills and have gone into the lumber business; a few are merchants, — but all are trying to make an honest and honorable living. The county has sent out some very able colored preachers, lawyers, and doctors, who are doing well in their line of work. The public schools have been of inestimable value to the colored youths of the county by leading the young minds from the dungeon of ignorance and super- stition to higher planes of civilization. Rev. R. J. Ruffin, a very worthy man, has started a high school in the upper end of the county, which is doing much good in training young men and women to become bet- ter citizens and more useful in life. The church has been our main source of training, spiritually, socially, morally, and financially. We have in the county fourteen churches (all Baptist). All of these churches have good Sunday schools, where the young are taught the word of God every Sunday morn- ing. In nearly all of these churches a few faithful women have banded themselves together in Home and Foreign Mission societies which are doing much good in the Master's cause. These churches have a total membership of about 3,300 souls. They are pastored by upright Christian gentlemen who have the moral support and respect of both races. The moral condition of the county (among the colored) is largely due to the pastors who have taken high ground on all matters of morality. They do not teach that morality is Christianity, but they do hold that Christians ought to be moral in every particular, — having one wife or hus- band, being honest in one's dealings with all people, and obeying the civil law in every respect. They teach that Christianity is more than talk and that people who want or expect to be citizens of heaven should strive to be good citizens on earth. We may not be considered as having gotten on the KINCx AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 285 first round of the ladder, but thank God we have our eyes looking; up the ladder, and will climb it some day. The feeling between the two races in the county is kind and friendly; there may be a few hot heads in each race, but the best people of each race have too much of the spirit of Christ to cherish any ill will to- wards their fellow-men. I may say here that if all of this country was like King and Queen County, I be- lieve that the subject of the race problem would cease to be agitated, and would become as the dead things of the past. One of the best white preachers of the county said that " There is no race problem." We pray that the people of each race who like to kindle bad feelings between the races may ever stay from the grand old county. PART IV MISCELLANIES CHAPTER XVI family and individual records Rev. a. Bagby, D. D., Richmond, Va. : My Dear Sir — As a lifelong citizen of the county of King and Queen, and one whose ancestors for several generations have resided there, I naturally feel a deep interest in the success of a most worthy enterprise which you have undertaken, viz. : to write a brief history of this royal old county and its most prominent families. If a true history could be obtained of all the families of this noteworthy county, it would prove a most valu- able contribution to the history of Virginia, as " his- tory is biography " and " biography is history." As correct data are difficult to obtain, and I am too young to have known personally many of the older heads of these families, the few incidents I am able to relate in this connection must in large measure be tra- ditional. No county in the State of Virginia has en- joyed more, or more deservedly, the reputation for the most conservative citizenship and the highest standard of manhood as the leading characteristics of her people. Whilst they have always been most zealous advocates of religious liberty and the entire divorcement of church and state as one of the basic principles of governmental faith, yet in the line of duty they have ever been found faithful in its discharge, whether in matters pertaining to religion or the obligations of citizenship. They ad- here strictly to that rule of righteousness, " Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's." It will not be claimed that this is a peculiar people, occupying a higher plane than other people, but owing to the isolation of this section there have been fewer changes wrought by the influx of foreign population, and hence the blood of the cavaliers still courses in the 289 290 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA veins of succeeding generations. The most noticeable changes now to be observed In the population of this grand old county are due to the liberal contributions that have been made to other sections by the young men, and In many Instances whole families, who have gone out over this and other States, forming, as It were, streams of blessing to enrich the locality of their adop- tion and reflecting credit upon the place of their nativ- ity, thus proving themselves worthy sons of noble sires. One feature of the early history of the county of King and Queen, so far as I am Informed, has never been very accurately recorded: I refer to the boundaries of the parishes and the locations of the old Established churches of Colonial days. Bishop Meade's very valuable work on the old churches and ministers of Virginia affords the only re- liable data we have seen recorded touching this subject, and yet that record Is incomplete. The county of King and Queen has been called the "Shoestring County," because of Its extreme length; it stretches out along the northern bank of the Matta- pony and York Rivers from Caroline to the Gloucester County line, a distance of sixty-five miles, while its mean width Is only eight miles. The lower portion of the county was comprised In Stratton Major parish, and the leading church in that parish was Stratton Major Church, the site of which, I have no doubt, has been located where the ruins of a church are still visible on the Mllford estate, the home place of the late P. Thorn- ton Pollard, and now owned and occupied by his grand- daughter, Mrs. H. J. Dudley. When or how that church was destroyed we are unable to ascertain. A church house was built near by, but a few miles higher up the county, and called " The New Church," pre- sumably to take the place of the one which had been destroyed. I suppose the church house now used by the Methodists, and known as " The Old Church," to be the same as the New Church above referred to. Then came St. Stephen's parish, the exact boundaries of which I have been unable to ascertain. In that parish was no doubt St. Stephen's Church — perhaps the most KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 291 prominent church in the county. I take it for granted that it is the same building now used by the Baptists, the name of which has been changed to Mattapony. It is a large and substantially built church, in the form of a cross, is well preserved and in fine repair. The con- gregation which worships there are proud of their in- heritance, and worthily use it for the glory of God. In Drysdale parish I have traced the distinctly marked foundation of the " Park Church," located a few miles above Newtown. That church was also in the shape of a cross, and from the size of its base, I am sure was a large and important structure, though of its history I find no record. The rectory, with its walls of massive thickness, is still standing, occupied as a private residence. There was also in this latter parish a chapel located near a small stream which still bears the name of Chapel Creek, and the hill beyond is known as Chapel Hill. You have requested me to give you some account of the most prominent families of the upper portion of the county of King and Queen, and especially of the Dew and Garnett families, from which I am descended. The principal land-holders in the upper section of the county about the beginning of the nineteenth cen- tury were represented by the following names, to wit: Beverly, Gatewood, Pendleton, Roane, Dew, Garnett, Boulware, Lyne, Pollard, Gresham, Kidd, Henshaw, Fogg, Minor, Powers, Hutchinson, Mann, Muse, Bates, Lumpkin, and Martin, whilst a little lower down the county were Hill, Fauntleroy, Webb, Throckmorton, Merriwether, Smith, Ryland, and Fleet. Concerning each of the above-mentioned families, whose descendants have spread out over an extended territory, much of interest might be written if correct data could be obtained and space in your book would justify. My paternal grandfather, Thomas R. Dew, was a large land- and slave-owner, and regarded as wealthy by the estimate of that day. He was born in 1765, and died in 1849; married Miss Lucy Gatewood, who sur- 292 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA vived him for eight years. As a product of that mar- riage there were six sons and three daughters, to wit: Dr. WiUiam Dew, Thomas R. Dew (afterwards pro- fessor and president of William and Mary College), Philip, John W., Benjamin F. (who was my father) , L. Calvin, and Mrs. Colonel Hudgins of Mathews, Mrs. Colonel Thomas Gresham, and Mrs. Temple. He was a member of the Baptist Church, exerted a wide influ- ence in his community, and served with distinction as captain in the War of 1812. Of the ancestry of Thomas R. Dew I have been able to gain very little definite information. He was the son of William Dew, whose father came from England and settled in Mary- land, — William settling in King and Queen County, Virginia, and Thomas, a brother, in the county of Nan- semond, from which county he (Thomas) served as a member of the House of Burgesses. Tradition has it that Thomas R. Dew was a descendant of Oliver Crom- well, — which impression, I am told, was strengthened by the fact that in his personality and sterling charac- teristics he was thought to resemble that distinguished man, who played a conspicuous part and developed one of the strongest characters in English history. Dr. WiUiam Dew, the eldest son of Thomas R. Dew, located in King and Queen County, married Miss Susan Jones of King WiUiam, became an extensive and cele- brated practitioner of medicine, and died .greatly la- mented by his community. He was the father of three sons, Thomas R. Dew, Jr.,' William Dew, Benjamin F. Dew, Jr.; and five daughters, Mrs. Hord, Mrs. Robert Gresham, Mrs. HiUiard, Mrs. Gregory, and Miss Lucy Dew. Thomas R. Dew, Jr., removed to Wytheville, Va. One of his sons, H. W. Dew, is a suc- cessful physician in Lynchburg, Va., and W. B. Dew holds an important government position in the State of Wyoming. Prof. Thomas R. Dew is the subject of a special note in another part of your book. Philip Dew married Miss Lucy Dejarnette, and located on his fine Windsor estate in Caroline county. * Grandson of the first and nephew of the second Thos. R. mentioned. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 293 He left three children, Thomas R. Dew, Dr. Philip A. Dew, and Mrs. Judge Welch, John W. Dew married Miss Pendleton and left three children, Miss Mary E. (married Judge A. B. Evans of Middlesex), Roderick Dew of Plain Dealing, and Alice, who, after the death of her sister, also married Judge Evans, and who still lives to bless the Judge's home and to be a true helpmeet in his declining years. Benjamin F. Dew, A. M. and B. L. of William and Mary College, lawyer, farmer, and teacher, was twice married, first to Miss Mary Susan Garnett, and after her death to Miss Bettie Queensberry. His eldest son, Dr. J. Harvie Dew, is enjoying a large and lucrative practice in the city of New York, where he settled in 1868, immediately after his graduation at the Univer- sity of Virginia. John G. Dew, second and only other surviving son of Benjamin F., after his graduation in the law department of the University of Virginia, set- tled in his native county of King and Queen, where he practiced his chosen profession of the law for many years, being Judge of the County Court for sixteen years, and is now Second Auditor of the State of Vir- ginia. He married Miss Lelia, daughter of Dr. Samuel G. Fauntleroy of the same county. L. Calvin Dew married Miss Boulware and died in early manhood, leaving four children, Mrs. Thomas B. Henley, Mrs. A. C. Acree, D. Boone Dew, — who yielded up his life on the altar of his country, having been killed in the first engagement after joining Com- pany H, Ninth Virginia Cavalry, — and Robert S. Dew. Of the three daughters of the first Thomas R. Dew, Mrs. Colonel Hudgins was the mother of Colonel Wil- liam P. Hudgins, who holds an important railway posi- tion in the State of Texas; Mrs. Temple left no chil- dren; and Mrs. Colonel Gresham, had five sons. Rev. Edward Gresham (who was the father of Walter Gres- ham of Galveston, Texas) , Colonel T. Robert Gresham, William D. Gresham, Dr. Henry Gresham, and Dr. Charles Gresham, all of whom were prominent men in their respective spheres and localities. Colonel Reuben Merriwether Garnett, my maternal 294 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA grandfather, was the son of Reuben Garnett, and his mother was a Miss Jamison. Colonel Garnett married, first, Miss Pendleton, a daughter of Captain James Pendleton, who served with distinction in the War of the Revolution. From this marriage two sons and two daughters survived him. Dr. John Muscoe Garnett, the elder son, married Miss Hancock of Chesterfield, and lived at his beautiful country home, Lanefield, in King and Queen County. The radiating influence of his Christian life was shed over the whole community as It was most beautifully exemplified in his own home. His only surviving son, John M. Garnett, Jr., with his sisters, Misses Nannie and Fannie, still reside at the old homestead. Of the elder daughters, Mrs. Dr. C. H. Ryland resides In Richmond, Va., Mrs. Dr. W. L. Broaddus at Bowling Green, Va., and Mrs. Rev. F. B. Beale at Indian Neck, Va. R. M. Garnett, the other son of Colonel Garnett, lived through a long and happy life at Peach Grove In King and Queen; he married Miss Bettle A. Williams of Fredericksburg, and left the following children: Muscoe H. Garnett, a prominent merchant of Rich- mond; James W. Garnett of King and Queen; Mrs. Gresham, the widow of Colonel William Gresham; Mrs. Fleet, the widow of James R. Fleet, Jr.; and Mrs. Rev. F. W. Claybrook. Colonel Garnett's daughters were Mrs. Benjamin F. Dew, mentioned heretofore, and the first Mrs. John N. Ryland, who was the mother of Mrs. Joseph H. Gwathmey of King William County, and of John N. Ryland, Jr., of King and Queen. Colonel Garnett left no children by his second marriage, with Miss Hutchinson. The Garnetts were among the best people In the land, universally respected and beloved, and were noted for their modesty and gentleness of bearing. Colonel Reu- ben M. Garnett was a man of unusual business qualifi- cations, backed by a sound judgment, and his aid and advice were as frequently sought as they were freely given. Though not a lawyer by profession, such was the confidence of the people In his judgment and capac- KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 295 ity that he was frequently consulted in regard to legal matters, and it is probable that no lawyer in the county was called on to prepare so many deeds and wills as he was, and, so far as the writer is informed, not one was ever overturned if attacked. Of the Boulware family, there were two half-broth- ers, Mr. Lee Boulware and Leroy Boulware. The former had a son, John Boulware, a professor in the Columbian College, succeeded for a short time by his brother William, who afterwards served as Minister to Naples, during the administration of President James K, Polk. Mr. A. L. Boulware, a prominent attorney and president of the First National Bank of Richmond, Va., was a grandson of Leroy Boulware. Mr. J. B. Kidd, a prominent merchant, and manufacturer of the famous " Pinmoney Pickles," and Dr. W. L. Broaddus, a distinguished physician of Bowling Green, Va., are grandsons of Lee Boulware. All the families whose names are referred to above were of the type of the old Virginia gentry, who lived in comfort on their well-tilled farms. Every such plan- tation was a miniature principality where slavery ex- isted, 'tis true, in name as well as legal form, but so gentle was the discipline that it resembled in regulation a large, well-ordered family, where kindness and con- sideration combined to produce the utmost good feeling and contentment; which tended to the betterment of both classes. I esteem it a great privilege to have been per- mitted to get an insight into the habits and customs, the home life and domestic relations, which prevailed on the old Virginia plantations in the ante-bellum days. No man or set of men, who never entered into the sacred precincts of that life, can begin to appreciate, much less describe, the contentment and happiness which then pre- vailed on the part of the negro as well as his protector and humane benefactor. The latter, though nominally and legally his master, was in the truest sense the negro's next friend and guardian, I can truly say that, in the abstract, I do not believe in the institution of slavery, that I am sincerely grateful 296 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA for its abolition before I could become the owner of one. But from my youthful impressions of conditions as they prevailed in that section of Virginia, the leisure afforded for cultivation and improvement on the part of the whites, and the civilizing and educational advan- tages afforded the negro by his contact and association, even though in a menial position, with the whites, pro- duced an Interdependence and a refining influence upon both races which does not and cannot now exist. It was not unusual to find among the butlers, coachmen, and body servants of " ye olden time," In manner and de- portment, a perfect model for Lord Chesterfield, a specimen of the true gentleman in grace and elegance. No system of education that has been or ever will be devised can by any possibility, with the new-issue negro, produce either a class or an Individual of that degree of educational refinement. Coming on life's stage just in time to catch some in- spiration from the golden age of Virginia's history, be- tween the years 1850 and i860, to witness and In some measure to participate In the fiercest revolutionary strug- gle ever recorded In the annals of history, to suffer the pangs and humiliation of defeat, and then pass through the far worse period of reconstruction, my youthful im- pressions have strengthened with the passing years, that the intrepid courage and valor of the sons of Virginia and the Southland should challenge the admiration of the world. And the subsequent struggle with poverty, beset with difi'icultles on every hand, seeking to steer the ship of State between the breakers, to provide for the education and upbuilding of the rising generation, and at the same time carry the load of an emancipated race whose lowest passions and prejudices have been ap- pealed to, — not for their good or elevation, but to clog and impede the progress of resuscitation and civiliza- tion and the upbuilding of the Anglo-Saxon race, — has no parallel In ancient or modern history. No people have ever met more bravely the obstacles and dangers in their pathway than the people of this Southland. No stronger evidence could be adduced of the character and manhood of their ancestors, than the chivalry, KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 297 courage, and manliness exhibited by the sons in the worse than " fiery furnace " through which they have passed, yet with honor untarnished and presenting a self-sacrificing nobility unequaled in the world's his- tory. The consciousness of duty faithfully performed is the God-given reward of the Confederate soldier, but the memory of his self-sacrificing devotion and patri- otic endeavors should ever animate the Southern heart, and arouse feelings of the deepest gratitude in the breasts of all future generations. Indeed, every true Ameri- can citizen, fired by the zeal of a broad-minded patriot- ism, will look with admiring gaze upon the most won- derful exhibition of valor and heroism ever recorded in any age. The upper portion of King and Queen County, from an early period down to the present time, has been blessed with a succession of good schools, which aided materially in training the sturdy youth of the commu- nity in the way of truth and knowledge. The first school of which we have any information was taught by Mr. Donald Robertson, who was famous as a teacher. President Madison when a youth attended that school, and a story is related of his impres- sions of that section, to the effect that, years after- wards, Mr. Madison inquired of Mr. Roane, the Rep- resentative of that district in Congress, " How are the people in Drysdale parish getting along? " He further said that he was greatly impressed as a boy with the poverty of the land and the fact that the farmers traded lands every March (evidently having reference to the sandy soil and the effect on it of the March winds). Mr. Roane bore willing testimony to the prosperous condition of the people, and remarked that, if a large loan were desired, that was the only portion of his dis- trict which could readily furnish the accommodation. A succession of good schools followed continuously up to the breaking-out of the Civil War, and indeed till the establishment of a system of public free schools. I am aware that this paper is but a rambling sort of review of a section of the county of King and Queen in which my life has been spent. By one, at least, I can 298 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA say that this territory will ever be regarded as hallowed ground, and that he does and will continue to cherish a sacred memory of the noble names herein recorded, whether the same is the result of kinship, personal knowledge, historical data, or only a legend of the past. With great respect, I am. Yours truly and fraternally, John G. Dew. We give here extracts from a letter from the vener- able and beloved Dr. William F. Bland, who passed away in a year or two after this writing: Glencoe Station, July 4th, 1902. Esteemed Friend: Your very acceptable letter of the 21st was duly re- ceived. I would have answered it sooner, but have been quite unwell. I greatly appreciate your expressions of sympathy for my wife and myself in our bereavement, and shall never forget the earnest prayer you made for the recovery of my dear Willie when he had typhoid fever. Wife and I are both feeble and have many in- firmities belonging to old age. I am already older than any of my ancestors, being seventy-five, and am trying so to live that I may meet my dear children and other loved ones in the spirit world. It would give me great pleasure to meet you and talk over the past. I wish you the best of success in writing the annals of the old county, though I do not think that I can render you much help. The Laneville House (Corbin place) was built in Colonial times of brick — I think it was one hundred feet long by twenty feet wide — and was occupied by Richard Corbin, the king's deputy receiver- general. It was heired by his son, James Park, whom I can recollect. My father purchased it in 1858. Pleasant Hill was a large two-story brick building, about fifty-two by forty feet, built before the Revolu- tion by Augustine Moore of Chelsea for John, com- monly called Speaker Robinson, who married his daugh- ter Lucy. It was owned by the Henry family after- wards. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 299 Newington, the birthplace of Carter Braxton and of other prominent men, was a large two-story building; was afterwards owned by the Harwood family, notably Samuel F. Harwood. Clifton, I have heard, was owned by Speaker Robin- son, and occupied by his daughters, one of whom mar- ried Col. William Boyd. Both the house here and the one at Newington were burned and each was rebuilt, the latter by Capt. R. H. Spencer. You requested a brief sketch of my father and others. Col. Robert Bland was born May, 1800, and was twelve years old when his father, Capt. Robert Bland, served in the War of 1812. My father was an ex- tensive farmer, colonel of militia, presiding justice of the court, and died in his seventy-first year. Dr. James T. Boyd, my uncle, was born in 1806; was a successful physician and farmer, and died in 1855. I graduated in medicine in 1849 — was the oldest of twelve children. Dr. James E. Bland graduated in medicine in 1856, and died in his sixty-seventh year; was a good physician and citizen. Col. Robert M. Spencer, who lived at Clifton, was a prominent and highly esteemed citizen. Capt. Robert H. Spencer served in the Confederate army, is also a highly esteemed citizen. Alexander Dudley, a talented lawyer, was the founder of the Rich- mond and York River Railroad and its president when he died. There were many other worthy and reliable citizens in the same neighborhood, among them J. W- Courtney, Samuel Tunstall, Dr. Garrett, and his brother, Thomas W., W. B. Bird, Samuel F. Harwood, and others. In regard to churches in the neighborhood, the " Old Church " must have been built in Colonial times, judg- ing from a tombstone near it over two hundred years old. I have heard that it was sold, bought by a man named Smith and given to the Methodists. When I was a boy it was used by the Methodists and Baptists, but the latter built another house near by (Olivet). Very truly and sincerely your friend, Wm. F. Bland. 300 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA CAPTAIN A. F. BAGBY, Was the second captain of Company K, Thirty-fourth Virginia Infantry, J. R. Bagby, the first captain, having been promoted major. By himself: " Alexander Fleet Bagby was born at Stevensville, King and Queen. Attended school at Stevensville, Richmond College, and V. M. I.; was among the first to enlist in defense of Southern rights, and was active in organizing the King and Queen Artillery — after- wards infantry; was elected lieutenant at the organiza- tion, subsequently captain; after the war, in business in Richmond, and then located in Tappahannock, Va. Married F. S. Walker." EDWARD BENJAMIN BAGBY, Son of the foregoing, was born in King and Queen Sep- tember 29th, 1865; educated at Aberdeen Academy, University, and Yale Divinity School; was located as a minister at Clifton Forge, Va., then at New- port News. In 1891 he was located at Washington, D. C; chaplain in Congress, 1893 ; pastor of Church in Washington, 1891 to the present time; in eight years this church has enrolled eight hun- dred members. Married Virginia May Grirnes of Baltimore. A second son of Captain Bagby, Richard, is also an efficient minister. DR. RICHARD HUGH BAGBY Richard Hugh Bagby, D. D., born June 16, 1820; married Motley; died October 29th, 1870. A son of John, 1791-1878. Educated at Richmond and Colum- bian Colleges; taught a session or two and studied law, but answering a higher call, was ordained at Mattapony in 1842, and became pastor at Brulngton, which he served twenty-seven years; in 1869 was made field sec- retary of the Baptist State Mission Board, in which office he died. His body reposes under a monument at Brulngton. He was for a time president of the General Associa- TlllJMAS KOANK DEW Professor of Philosophy and President of the College of William and Marj-. PACING 300 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 301 tion, and always an active participant in that and other kindred bodies. His preaching was practical, evangel- ical, pungent, and wonderfully forceful, acceptable, and effective, and he was In great demand wherever known. One who knew him well, himself a cultured and able man, says: " Dr. Bagby was one of the foremost men Virginia has given to the world." One of the most prominent and able citizens of Richmond says: "He was one of the two greatest men I ever met." Dr. Bagby's sayings on his deathbed were embalmed In the Religious Herald, having been published more than once. He left two brothers, both having the D. D. from their Alma Mater, Columbian College, one at one time president of the Baptist General Association of Kentucky. Rev. H. A. Bagby, D. D., now of South Carolina, Is his nephew, as also is A. Paul Bagby, Ph. D., of Kentucky. CARTER BRAXTON Carter Braxton, a signer of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, was a son of George and Mary Braxton, of Newington, whose bodies are Interred at Mattapony Church, King and Queen. Mary was a daughter of Robt. Carter, President of Council. Carter was born at Newington Sept. lo, 1736, and died at Elsing Green, King William, Oct. 6, 1797. Carter graduated at William and Mary at the age of 19; married Judith Robinson of Middlesex. He was a member of the Vir- ginia Committee of Safety named at the beginning of the Revolution. He served as a member of the Conti- nental Congress from 1777 to 1783, and in 1785 on Commission of Public Safety with Thos. Jefferson; re- ceived vote of thanks from the Virginia Assembly. He had quite a number of descendants, notably Hon. El- liott Braxton, M. C; Col. Carter Braxton, A. N. v., and Hon. A. C. Braxton of Staunton, mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1902. The Virginia Historical Society, acting through Mrs. R. N. Pollard, their King and Queen representative, has recently made an appropriation for restoring and relet- terlng the tomb of George and Mary Braxton. 302 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA COLONEL JOHN M. BROOKE (From the Richmond Evening Leader) Lexington, Dec. 15, 1906. — Colonel John M. Brooke, emeritus professor of physics and astronomy at the Virginia Military Institute, died here yesterday from the infirmities of old age. He was seventy-nine years old, and was one of Lexington's most distin- guished citizens. He was born near Tampa, Fla., December i8th, 1826, and was the son of General George M. Brooke of Virginia, a distinguished soldier of the War of 18 12. His mother was Miss Lucy Thomas of Duxbury, Mass. At the age of fifteen he entered the United States Navy, and reported to Captain Farragut on the Delaware. Later he was transferred to the sloop-of-war Cyene. Returning home he entered the naval school at Annapolis. He graduated in 1847, and several years later was on the coast survey. From 185 1 to 1853 he was sta- tioned at the Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C. For several years previous to i860 he cruised in Jap- anese and Chinese waters, making surveys of islands in the Pacific and a part of the eastern coast of Japan. The destruction of his vessel by a typhoon occurring in 1859 while in Yeddo, Japan, Brooke remained at Yoko- hama until the following year. When the Japanese de- termined to send an embassy to the United States, Brooke was invited to accompany the vessel, which he consented to do. His services were so highly appreciated by the Jap- anese that they offered him a purse of $60,000, but he refused to take anything. Captain Brooke cast his lot with the Confederate navy in the Civil War, and in 1861 applied, in the con- struction of the Virginia (the Merrimac), the principle of extended and submerged ends. His Invention of deep-sea sounding apparatus revo- lutionized communications between Europe and Amer- ica, as it made possible the laying of the first intercon- tinental telegraph line In the world. The Virginia KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 303 (Merrimac) was his suggestion. In 1866 Colonel Brooke was appointed professor of physics at the Vir- ginia Military Institute. His first wife was Miss Lizzie Garnett, sister of Gen- eral Richard Brooke Garnett. His second wife, who survives, was a Miss Corbin. Two children also sur- vive. Lieutenant George M. Brooke, of the United States Army, and Mrs. Willis, wife of Professor H. Parker Willis, of Washington and Lee University. THE BROOKE FAMILY Compiled from " Virginia Historical Records," by Professor St. George T. Brooke. 1. Humphrey, died 1738. 2. Colonel George, of Mantapike, born 1728; died April, 1782; was a member of the House of Burgesses, of the Committee of Safety, the Virginia Convention, and was colonel in the Virginia division of the Revolu- tionary army. Robert Brooke, Knight of the Golden Horseshoe, was a brother of Humphrey. A second brother was Wil- liam, who had four sons, — Richard of Mantapike, John, William, Jr., and Robert. Richard probably inherited Mantapike from his grandfather. General George Mercer Brooke, a son of Richard, entered the army in 1808, was major in battles of Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie in 18 14, and was promoted to major-general. HON. BENNEHAN CAMERON In June, 1905, many of the people about King and Queen Courthouse were much interested by the coming into their midst of a handsome, portly gentleman, a distant relative of the Harwoods and others, whose name heads this sketch. He appeared a man of culture, refined instincts, patriotism, and high moral character- istics, and he met a most cordial reception. Mr. Cam- eron was born fifty years ago in Stagville, N. C. His father was Hon. Paul Carrington Cameron, one of the most valuable citizens of North Carolina. His pater- nal grandfather was Judge Duncan Cameron, one of the ablest jurists of his time. We are pleased to note 304 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA that this gentleman Is to be counted a great-grandson of old King and Queen, inasmuch as his relationship to the distinguished Chief-Justice Ruffin was that of grand- son. He is a graduate of the Virginia Military Insti- tute of July 4th, 1875 ; is one of the leading agricultur- ists and stock-breeders of the State; and has been asso- ciated with a number of the great men of the country. He served most acceptably as president of the North Carolina Agricultural Society, and was among the fore- most agents in the establishment of the great Seaboard Air Line Railroad. The writer of the sketch from which this is taken adds to all this that Colonel Cam- eron could have had any office in the gift of his people, so greatly was he honored among them. COL. WILLIAM CAMPBELL, Who was a captain in the Revolutionary War, was from King and Queen County, and a close friend of Gen. Washington. He raised a quota of men in King and Queen and was assigned to duty with the First Vir- ginia regiment. After the war he was commissioned major in the regular army, and assigned to command the arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He resigned about 1800. (See Heitman's Historical Register of United States Army.) Judge John G. Dew — now Second Auditor of Vir- ginia — kindly sends the following regarding his distin- guished relative, that accomplished scholar, PROF. T. R. DEW " Thomas Roderick Dew, son of Thomas R. Dew and Lucy Gatewood, his wife, was born in King and Queen County, December 5th, 1802. His father was a large land- and slave-holder in that county, who had served for a short time in the War of the Revolution and was a captain in the War of 1 8 1 2. Thomas R., the son, was graduated from William and Mary College in 1820, after which he traveled two years in Europe. "On October i6th, 1826, he was elected Professor KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 305 of History and Political Law in William and Mary Col- lege. The chair of history, which was established for the first time under Rev. Robert Keith, in 1820, was de- v'eloped by Mr. Dew into one of the first importance. At that time history and political science were scarcely known among the studies of an American college. In 1836 Mr. Dew became president, and the college, under his enlightened management, achieved a degree of pros- perity never previously known. In 1840 the number of students in attendance was one hundred and forty. The time was one of great political activity, and his lectures on the restrictive system, depicting the evils of the tariff system, were very popular, not only with the students, but with the Southern public, and are thought to have had much weight in shaping the opposition to the tariff laws of 1828 and 1832. His essay in favor of slavery had a marked effect, it is said, on the slavery question. But his greatest work was his " Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners, and Institutions of Ancient and Modern Nations," embracing lectures delivered to his class. Dr. Herbert B. Adams pronounced this work the most thorough and comprehensive course on history of which he had found any record during this early period. Mr. Dew contributed largely to the Southern Review. In 1845 he married Miss Matilda Hay, daughter of Dr. Hay of Clarke County, Va., and died suddenly on his wedding trip. The faculty bore formal testimony in their minutes that it was difficult to decide whether his wisdom as president, his ability as a pro- fessor, or his excellence as a man, was most to be ad- mired. "He died in Paris, France, August 6, 1846." EUBANK FAMILY Coldwater, King and Queen Co., Va., November loth, 1904. Dear Brother Bagby: In answer to your inquiry, my great-grandfather was named William, and great-grandmother was named Jane, and my grandfather Richard was born June nth, 306 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 1767. My grandmother was named Elizabeth, born October 23d, 1768. They raised six children, three boys and three girls. My father was the fifth child, named Philip Eubank, born May 28th, 1806; married Susan Jeffries in the year 1828. My father died the seventh day of March, 1848, some forty-two years old; left five boys, all very young. My mother lived thirty- eight years, one month and twenty-two days longer than my father; she left four sons; brother John was killed in the battle around Petersburg on the 15th day of June, 1864. She left only four sons, twenty-three grand- children, and six great-grandchildren. My father was said to be one of the very best of men, lived and died member of the Mattaponia Church, under the pastorate of old Brother William Todd. If my good old super- intendent, Colonel John Pollard, was living, he could give you the history of my father. Brother William Todd baptized me the 23d day of August, 1848. I was then only fourteen years old; afterwards you became my pastor until I moved to the neighborhood of Ware's Church. The old Mattaponia has now a dear place in my heart; there I was brought up in the Sunday school under the leadership of Brother John Pollard, superin- tendent, and under your pastoral care. I often think of you along with my boyhood days, and never can forget you. Whenever I have the privilege to meet you I feel like saying. Here is my first pastor and teacher in the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. I revere and reverence you as no other pastor, though I have had four since. I have loved all the pastors that have presided over me. I am quite old now, in my seventy- first year, occupying some important places in my church; deacon ever since 1857, superintendent of the Sunday school for a number of years, treasurer for twenty years. As you are my father in Gospel, is why I name these different places holding in my church, by no means in a boastful spirit. My dear brother, if I am saved it will be by the unmerited grace of God. Your Brother I hope in Christ, William J. Eubank. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 307 CHARLES B. FLEET, Youngest son of Dr. Christopher B. and Lucy Anne Fleet {nee Semple), was born at Mordlngton in 1843. His mother — widowed — was married in 1853 ^^ •^^'^• William F. Broaddus, and removed to Fredericksburg. Mr. Fleet served through the war of '6i-'65 in the Fredericksburg Artillery, the first permanent officers of which were: Carter M. Braxton, captain, Edward S. Marye, first lieutenant, etc. He was in all the principal battles of the war, and surrendered with General Lee at Appomattox. His battery fired the first shot in the battle of Gettysburg and the last artillery shot at Appomattox. COLONEL ARCHIBALD R. HARWOOD, Was a son of Margaret Roane, a daughter of Thomas Roane; was born at Newington. He was for long years a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, and then of the Senate of Virginia. He was nominated by the Democratic party for Congress, and defeated by the late R. M. T. Hunter, who was elected by seventeen votes. SAMUEL FAUNTLEROY HARWOOD Samuel Fauntleroy Harwood, lawyer, son of Archi- bald Roane Harwood and Martha Fauntleroy, was born at the country home, Newington, King and Queen County, February 26th, 18 17; educated at Rumford Academy and in Richmond; served for ten years as dep- uty clerk of King and Queen County. In 1847 he was elected to the State Senate and served three years, being the unexpired term of Carter M. Braxton, deceased; declined reelection; studied law while a member of the Senate, and practiced his profession successfully up to the commencement of the war. During the period of the war he acted as secretary and treasurer of the Rich- mond and York River Railroad Company, and after the war was one of the directors. In the spring of 1867 he removed to Texas and for about twenty months maintained a law partnership with his brother. Major 308 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA T. M. Harwood; returned to his old home in Virginia at the end of 1868, and resumed the practice of his pro- fession. Married Bettie Brockenbrough March i6th, 1869. He was for many years vestryman in the Epis- copal Church. On Wednesday, May 23d, 1906, he died, leaving behind him a beautiful example of an up- right Christian gentleman. COLONEL THOMAS MOORE HARWOOD, A brother of S. F., born September, 1827; died Janu- ary, 1900; married Brown; educated at Uni- versity of Virginia and Ballston Spa, N. Y.; removed to Texas in 1850, and practiced law at Gonzales. In 1880 was tendered a seat on supreme bench of Texas, but de- clined. Was for years regent of University of Texas. In June, 1861, joined army of C. S. A., and was captain and subsequently colonel. Was at battles of Corinth and Holly Springs, and afterwards served in Forest's command. Colonel Harwood was a courtly gentleman and a Christian, which is the highest type of man. DR. W. S. B. HENRY [Falls Church, Va., Dec. 15th ] The death of Dr. William Scarborough Braxton Henry came as a shock to his friends and loved ones. It occurred suddenly on Saturday in Falls Church, Va., at the residence of his grandniece. Miss Sallie S. Beach. He had been sick but a week, and it was thought that danger was passed, when he was stricken with heart disease. His funeral took place this afternoon at 2 o'clock, the interment being made in Oakwood Cemetery. Dr. Henry had lived more than the threescore and ten years allotted to man. He was " an old Virginia gentleman " in every sense of the word, and by his courteous and affable manners made many friends among both old and young. He belonged to the old genera- tion that is fast dying out. He was born at the old homestead. Pleasant Hill, King and Queen County, Va., August 6th, 1827, but KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 309 spent about twenty-five or thirty years in Washington. His father, Colonel James Hugh Henry, son of Judge James Henry, of the Continental Congress, was an officer in the War of 1812, fought at Norfolk, Va., and also in the District of Columbia at the time of the burn- ing of Washington by the British forces under General Ross and Admiral Cockburn. Colonel Henry was twice married; his first wife, Anne Elizabeth Braxton, was the granddaughter of Carter Braxton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Dr. Henry was this wife's son. His second wife, Anne Catherine Temple, received from the United States government until the time of her death a pension on account of the disability of her husband contracted during the War of 18 12. This pension was carried to her during the Civil War through the Confederate lines under a flag of truce. The Colonel's six sons — three by each wife — were offi- cers in the Confederate army. Dr. Henry enlisted in Company B, Fortieth Virginia Regiment, serving six months, when he was appointed surgeon and sent to the Fourth Division of Camp Win- der, and then to take charge of Camp Lee and Batteries Nos. 9 and 10. Afterwards he was made president of the Examining Board of the Confederate States. He resigned December 22d, 1863, going to his farm, " Shellie," in Richmond County, where he remained until the close of the war. He is survived by a half- brother. General Edward Moore Henry, of Norfolk, Va., ex-commander of the Grand Camp of Confederate Veterans of Virginia. At one time he attended Richmond College, after- wards graduating in medicine from Jefferson College in Philadelphia. He was well known in many counties in Virginia as a physician. During President Hayes' administration he was sent as physician to the Omaha and Winnebago agencies, in Nebraska. While there he was presented with the " Sauntee Peace Pipe," by the chief of the tribe. Later he was a clerk in the Patent Office. Dr. Henry was a member of one of the proudest and most distinguished families of the Old Dominion. 310 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA It Is the same as that which produced the Immortal Patrick Henry. He Is a lineal descendant of Sir Alex- ander Spotswood, one of the Colonial governors. The family Is also related to the Braxtons, Scarboroughs, Carters of Shirley, Lees, Washlngtons, Moores of Chel- sea, Robinsons, Nelsons, Pages, and others equally well known. He married Miss Lucy Dalngerfield. Dr. Henry had been a member of the Baptist Church since his young manhood. He was a Christian gentle- man, noble, brave, and true. JONES FAMILY The following are extracts from a letter to the editor by Hon. Alexander C. Jones, who left King and Queen In 1859 for Arkansas with his mother (Mary Courtney, widow of Hill Jones). The children were Elonlsa, Thyresa Ann, Martha Jane, Amelia, Alexander C, William, and Hill, Jr. Alexander C. was a captain C. S. A. and a member of his State legislature. Hav- ing been wounded at the Wilderness battle he came to King and Queen on furlough; was at my house when Sheridan raided us in 1864, and missed capture nar- rowly. He was with us at the Reunion in May, 1907. A chivalrous soldier, a fine citizen, a Christian gentle- man: " About myself there Is not much to write. Wife and I are In reasonably good health for old people. I will have lived to be seventy-five on the 8th of next March, my wife two years younger. " We have four children, two sons and two daughters. My oldest son, Courtney, lives in Oklahoma and is do- ing well. Laman lives with me and is our main sup- port. I have a married daughter In Pine Bluff, Ark., with three children. My other daughter, Mary, is a trained nurse, a graduate of a New Orleans Institute. She has more than she can do In her profession and so we see very little of her. " Only a week ago we were much shocked at the sud- den death of my younger brother. Hill Jones. It seems strange that he should be taken first as he was my KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 311 junior by eleven years. Hill was a good man and a Christian, deacon in our Baptist Church here, and a highly respected citizen. We shall all miss him much. Four children survive him, two sons and two daughters, all married and doing well. " You will perhaps be surprised to hear that my oldest sister, Elonisa, still lives. She is now in her eighty- seventh year and has been remarkably active and healthy up to a year ago, but is now growing quite feeble. Only we two remain of the eight, including my mother, that moved to Arkansas." WILLIAM LYNE Perhaps in the annals of King and Queen County we find no more distinguished man than William Lyne the 2d, son of William the ist, who came to Virginia from Bristol, England; settled first in Granville County, N. C, and removed thence to King and Queen County. William Lyne, the second of that name, was a most distinguished man in the House of Burgesses of May, 1769, when Lord Botetourt was governor of Virginia. He was a burgess from King and Queen also in the sessions of Nov. 7, 1769; May 21, 1770; and July 11, 1 77 1. In 1775 he was a member of the Committee of Safety from King and Queen County. He was colonel in the Revolutionary War from 1776. William Lyne married his first cousin, Lucy Foster Lyne, daughter of Henry Lyne. Bishop Meade's book (page 414) says of Drysdale parish: " This parish lay partly in Caroline and partly in King and Queen County. Mr. William Lyne ap- pears during the time to have been a faithful lay dele- gate." MURDOCH FAMILY J. Ryland Murdoch, bom April loth, 1873; died January 5th, 1906, Ontario, Cal. Married Miss Gil- christ, Philadelphia., June 12th, 1901. Baptized when 13 years of age at Bruington, King and Queen, by Rev. W. R. D. Moncure. Ordained at Bruington Church, September, 1897; when the Presbytery consisted of: 312 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Dr. Charles H. Ryland, Dr. Harry Bagby, Dr. B. Cabell Hening, Rev. J. W. Ryland, Rev. Alexander Fleet, Rev. Frank Beale. At Berlin, New Jersey, 2 years. At Kennett Square, Penn., 2 years. At Winchester, Va., 2 years. At La Junta, Col., i year. JUDGE THOMAS RUFFIN This distinguished gentleman deserves more than a passing notice. The record we shall give is taken from an address delivered by Governor William A. Gra- ham of North Carolina, afterwards Secretary of the Navy, and from other documents relating to the same subject: Thomas Ruffin, the oldest child of his parents, was born at Newington, County of King and Queen, Va., the residence of his maternal grandfather, Thomas Roane, November 17th, 1787. His father, Sterling Ruffin, was a planter in the neighboring county of Es- sex; and he in turn was a son of Robert Ruffin, who years before had established his residence at Sweet Hall, King William County. Judge Ruffin's mother, Alice Roane, was of a distinguished family. She was a first cousin of Judge Spencer Roane, Chief Justice of Vir- ginia; also of Thomas Ritchie, the distinguished editor of the Enquirer at Richmond; and also a first cousin of Dr. William Brokenborough, President of the Bank of Virginia. His father, having a respectable fortune, sought for his son the best education. He lived for a while in boyhood on the farm in Essex, attending school in the neighborhood. Thence he was sent to a classical academy in the village of Warrenton, N. C, then under the instruction of Mr. Marcus George, an Irish- man, and a skillful instructor. Mr. George placed great faith in the rod, and did not spare it when he thought it needed. Judge Ruffin always retained a grateful and affectionate remembrance of Master George. He was next sent to the college of Nassau Hall, at Princeton, N. J. The late Governor James Iredell was in the class KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 313 succeeding that of Mr, Ruffin, and became his room- mate. Thus began a friendship between these gentle- men, which terminated only in the death of Governor Iredell. Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, was also his college associate, as was also Joseph R. Inger- soll. Mr. Ruffin then entered the law office of David Robertson, of Petersburg, where he was associated with Winfield Scott, the future general. This was in 1806. The year following. Sterling Ruffin, the father, changed his home from Virginia to Rockingham County, N. C, and his son soon afterwards followed him. After pur- suing his legal studies yet further, he was admitted to the bar in 1808. In 1809 he established his home at Hills- borough, and on the 9th of December of that year he was united in marriage to Miss Annie Kirkland of that town. In i8i3-'i6 he served as a member of the legis- lature, and became Speaker of the House. His manner at the bar was diffident and his speech embarrassed, but the vigor of his understanding soon overcame all diffi- culties. His income from his practice has hardly ever been equaled in North Carolina. In 1825 he was ap- pointed Judge of the Superior Court, and in this position had universal admiration and acceptance. In the au- tumn of 1829 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1833 he was elevated to the Chief- Justiceship. Few advocates ever equaled him in pre- senting so much solid thought in the same number of words, or in disentangling complicated facts and mak- ing a demonstration clear to the minds of the auditors. He thus became habituated to abstract and exact reason- ing. With an energy that pressed the business forward, a quickness in comprehending facts, patient habits of labor, he suffered no time to be lost, and yet there was no indecent haste. While he presided It was rare that any case before a jury occupied more than a single day. He held this position twenty-three years, and in these years he delivered a greater number of opinions than any other judge with whom he was associated. These opinions are found in twenty-five volumes of re- ports, and have been cited with approbation In many 314 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA courts, both State and national, and even In Westmin- ster Hall. He has been thought by many able lawyers to rank with Judge Spencer Roane of Virginia, and with that greatest of all the Chief-Justices, John Marshall. Hon. R. T. Bennett, himself an able lawyer, says of him, " I have read every opinion delivered by the late Chief-Justice Ruffin, and when I completed these read- ings, I said In my deepest thought, ' Chief-Justice Ruffin is the greatest judge who ever administered justice in an English-speaking community.' " Again, Senator Graham says of him that he wore the ermine as natur- ally and gracefully as if he had never been divested of its folds. When the great war between the States came on, Judge Ruffin was for the maintenance of the Union until he was sent to Washington to attend a peace con- ference, which had been suggested by Virginia with the faint hope of saving the country from a bloody strife. After he returned, at a great public meeting called to consider the question by his own people, the venerable judge mounted the platform and exclaimed, " I know not what others may say, but as for myself, I say Fight! Fight! Fight!" On the 15th of January, 1870, after an illness of but four days, he breathed his last, in the eighty-third year of his age. His end was resigned and peaceful, and in the consolation of an enlightened and humble Christian faith. For more than forty years he was a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal Church. His venerable companion, Annie (Kirkland) Ruffin, survived him. This is the inscription upon Judge Ruffin's tomb in St. Matthew's churchyard, Hillsboro, N. C, by Hon. Paul C. Cameron, a son-in-law: THOMAS RUFFIN THE FIRST BORN OF STERLING RUFFIN AND ALICE ROANE, BORN AT NEVi^INGTON, KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA, NOV. 17TH, 1787, DIED AT HILLSBORO, ORANGE CO., N. C, JANUARY I5TH, 1870. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 315 Graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, N. J., 1805, Admitted to the Bar in N. C. in 1808. Intermarried with Annie M. Kirkland December 9th, 1809. A member of the State Legislature, Speaker of the House of Com- mons; a trustee of the University; twice Judge of the Superior Court; in 1829, Justice of the Supreme Court, in which he presided for nine- teen years as Chief Justice. Labor ipse est voluptas. In the 83rd year of his life, in full possession of his faculties, ripe in learning and in wisdom, crowned with public honors and with con- fidence, rich in the affection of his kindred and friends, he closed his long, active and useful life in the consolation of an enlightened and humble Christian faith. " A man resolved and steady to his trust, Inflexible to ill and obstinately just." ROBERT RYLAND, A. M., D. D. By This distinguished son of the county was the child of Josiah Ryland — for sixty-five years a deacon of Bruing- ton Church — and Catharine Peachey. He was born in 1805 and died in his 94th year. Educated in Humanity Hall Academy and Columbian College, D. C, he was for thirty-four years the presi- dent of leading educational establishments, — first of the Virginia Baptist Seminary and then of Richmond Col- lege. The college, now the pride of Virginia Baptists, was cradled largely in his self-denying labors and pray- ers, and its success is in great measure due to his able administration and sound learning. Dr. Ryland was the brother of Samuel Peachey, Jo- seph, and John Newton Ryland, all of whom resided in the county and were eminent for good citizenship, religious character, and usefulness. He was also the uncle of Charles Hill Ryland, D. D., son of Samuel Peachey Ryland. REV. A. F. SCOTT By Mrs. T. P. B, Azariah Francis Scott was born September 14th, 1822, in Northampton County, Virginia, and died Oc- 316 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA tober 7th, 1898. He received a first-class education at both Richmond and Columbian Colleges, at the latter of which he took the A. M. degree. He was a close student, possessed fine discriminative powers, and was never satisfied until he had mastered the subject under- taken. He was well versed in the Scriptures and sound to the core. He never " ran after new things "; he was satisfied with the good old doctrines of the Gospel, and preached Jesus Christ as the only and all-sufficient Savior of a world ruined by sin. In early life and until after the Civil War he taught school. He was fond of this work. He loved young men and identified him- self with them, and this made him very successful and popular as a teacher. Many of the most prominent men in this section were his pupils. On one occasion not very many years before his death, he paid a visit to Gloucester Courthouse, meeting a great many old friends. He was invited to sit with the judge (Fielding Taylor). A great many new people had moved to the county and curiosity was rife among them as to who this old gray-haired gentleman was on whom the judge conferred such honor. At the right time Judge Taylor introduced him as his own teacher, and added that not only had he been the teacher of the judge, but of the jury, the lawyers in attendance, and all of the officers of the court. During the Civil War he lived in Glouces- ter County, and being too old for the ranks, when the county was lacking in men, he served as a Justice of the Peace. To-day his portrait hangs on the walls of Gloucester Court House as a prominent county officer. Mr. Scott had very few pastorates for one actively en- gaged in the ministry forty-seven years. Ebenezer (of which Newington was a branch at that time) in Glouces- ter, Colosse in King William, Glebe Landing in Mid- dlesex, and Ephesus in Essex, were his only pastorates. Soon after the war he moved from Gloucester Court- house to Stevensville, King and Queen County, and took charge of Stevensville Academy. There were sev- eral preachers in the neighborhood, and the companion- ship of these was highly enjoyed. They met from house to house once a week, had a good supper and COI,. SAMUEI, F. HARWOOD U821-1906) rACiNC m6 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 317 enjoyed conversation along lines precious to them, — such spirits as Revs, Richard Hugh Bagby, Isaac Diggs, R. H. Land, Major J. R. Bagby, and Mr. John Bagby, long since gone " up higher." The writer of this book is the only one left to tell the story. Of the moral character of A. F. Scott it is difficult to speak, extravagantly; he was one of the purest of men. He never sought honors or office, but accepted, with the modesty of a woman, his election as Vice-President of the General Association of Virginia, which office he held at the time of his death. He was known among his acquaintances as a great peacemaker, urging the spirit of the Master in loving one another. He was married when quite a young man to Miss Margaret Elizabeth Holt of Northampton County; by her there were nine children. Four are living: Mrs. Thomas P. Bagby, West Point; Va.; Mr. George Ryland Scott and Mrs. R. W. Eubank, Essex County; Mr. J. H. Scott, Portsmouth, Va. His second wife was Miss Julia V^aring of Essex, and she has recently died, leav- ing four children: William, Mattie, Mary, and Eliza- beth. His funeral was preached at Ephesus Church by his lifetime friend Elder William E. Wiatt, of Glou- cester County, assisted by Elders J. W. Ryland, F. B. Beall, Alexander Fleet, J. B. Cook, and J. T. T. Hund- ley of the Disciples' Church. He was buried at Ephesus Church, where a handsome monument marks his last resting place on earth. FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY Seldom it is that we can record the fiftieth anniversary of a wedding; yet occasionally God in His infinite wis- dom grants to us this rare privilege. December 12th, 1904, Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Porter, of Stevens- ville. King and Queen County, Va., having reached the fiftieth year of their married life, quietly and appro- priately celebrated their " Golden Wedding." It had been their desire to have all their friends and rela- tives with them, but owing to the somewhat impaired health of Mrs. Porter, only the immediate family and a few others were present. 318 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA There were two rather remarkable coincidences In connection with the occasion; one was, that the fiftieth year found them in the same " old homestead " in which they were married. Another feature equally remark- able was the presence of Rev. James S. Porter, of Front Royal, Va., first cousin to Mr. Porter, who acted as his best man half a century ago. It was a quiet but happy and joyous reunion of the family. Mr. Charles Porter's long life has been too closely identified with the affairs of his section, socially, politically, and religiously, to make it necessary for a paper in Tidewater to make comment on his worth as a Christian gentleman and a valuable public citizen, and no one who has ever been fortunate enough to meet his good wife, will soon forget her warm-hearted welcome and her lavish kindness. Stevensville, Va., December 12, 1904. It has been the aim of the author, and his most earnest desire, to have some loving and able pen present for our inspection that splendid line of Christian woman- hood represented in this county, of whom one of the most distinguished men reared among us wrote me some years ago, that they were, par excellence, the finest speci- mens of female character he had ever known. Thus far, our efforts in that direction have been futile. We present a few characters as samples of the rest: " Miss Priscilla Pollard — a sister of Robert Pollard, Sr., clerk of the court — was bright, intelligent, cultured, and active above others in work for her church. She was baptized by Dr. Semple into Bruington Church, and from that time forth she felt that she must be about ' her Father's business.' She was especially in- fluential in the line of women's societies for the propa- gation of the Gospel at home and abroad. About 1835 she aided in organizing such societies at Bruington, Mattapony, and probably also at Beulah. It is impos- sible to overestimate the good which has resulted. Truly she, being dead, yet speaketh. A small flagged chair is still preserved at Mattapony marked simply ' P P ' " KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 319 We shall trust to the kind forbearance of the reader not to regard it indelicate when we give place to the following, from the pen of one who knew and highly honored the subject of his thoughts : SARAH JANE (pOLLARD) BAGBY " The w^omanhood of the Old South reached Its flower about the time of the war between the States, and it is probable that, when character, native grace and attrac- tive qualities, culture of heart and mind, high ideals, the kindness of heart that is more than coronets, and the simple faith that is more than Norman blood, are con- sidered, the subject of this brief sketch can be rightfully considered one of its most perfect examples. " She was fortunate to be born in a home of moderate means, but of intelligence, character, and true piety. Her education was only such as was afforded by the rural community in which her lot was cast, but as a scholar she was ambitious and diligent, being loved by her teachers and exceedingly popular among her school- mates. There was that in her face and bearing which promptly attracted and held the pleased attention. " When the cares of a home and a family of her own came, she loved to devote such portions of her time as could be spared to the continued cultivation of her lit- erary instinct and she became the author of a number of poems, universally recognized for their merit. Per- haps the best known of these has reference to Commo- dore Maury, whose remains were carried (pursuant to his expressed wish) through Goshen Pass to their rest- ing place at Lexington : When the laurels are blooming, When the waters so wild Are chafing and fretting Like yon wilful child, As they dash o'er the lone rock, So well worn and gray, — Where the laurels are blooming, Oh, bear me that way. " She was devoted to her church as well as to her 320 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA children, whom she tenderly and laboriously endeavored to rear " in the nurture and admonition of the Lord." " In a marvelous degree she was gifted with that in- stinct which appears to be peculiar to her sex, and on several occasions events coming subsequently to her knowledge were foreshadowed in her dreams. " Her full spirit, like that river of which Cyrus broke the strength, spent itself in channels that knew no great name on earth, but the result of her being was in- calculably diffused upon those around her; for the grow- ing good of the world is partly dependent upon unhis- toric acts; and that things are not so bad with you and me as they might have been is half owing to that num- ber who faithfully lived hidden lives and rest in un- visited tombs. HOW A CHRISTIAN WOMAN CAN DIE " You would like, I know, to hear something of the last hours of dear sister. She lingered much longer than we thought she would, and Saturday sister and I both thought she was dying. Sunday morning early they thought her a little better. Sister spent the morn- ing, indeed all of the day, with her. I went over^early in the afternoon and spent the night About 4 o'clock she thought she was dying and sent for uncle. While he stood by her bed she said, * Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly.' Aunt Bettie came later and thought she was not dying, but by ten o'clock it was evident that she could not live long. Uncle knelt by her bed and asked, ' Sallie, my darling, do you know me?' She^ said, 'Yes.' 'Do you know your brother John?' 'Yes. ' I had a letter from him and he sent his best love to you.' She said, ' Give my love to him.' Then in the midst of some incoherent talk, for her mind wandered a little at times, she suddenly said very clearly and dis- tinctly, ' Oh, my mother!' Later in the night she said, 'Mother, mother, oh, mother!' and 'My little boy!' Also, 'I have but one trouble.' She called me fre- quently and asked for ice, showing that her mind was clear and that she knew I was with her. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 321 " She spoke seldom of her hopes in regard to the future, but at different times during her illness she expressed herself as follows : ' If my Heavenly Father would but take me home, how glad I should be to go.' ' I am not afraid to die.' Once she repeated these lines : " Give joy or grief, give ease or pain, Take life or friends away. But let me find them all again In that Eternal Day." And she tried to sing, " Jesus can make a dying bed," etc. " Her funeral was largely attended. Mr. Scott preached from Psalm cxvi. 15. All of her boys were present and cousin Jim. Mr. Moncure and cousin Johnny made very appropriate remarks. The boys are all deeply distressed, and uncle very sad. I was over there yesterday helping Alice, Miss Oteria, and sister to put things in order and make everything com- fortable for him; for he intends to keep house. He was sadder than I had seen him and I suppose will feel his loss more and more. I hope to be able to per- suade George to come here. Alice wants to take him with her but he says it is ' too far.' His cry of dis- tress when he first heard of his mother's death was truly affecting, but he bears his grief well. " Can't you come down to see uncle and us sometime with Speaker? Bob is well, — is out or would send mes- sages. Best love for you all. " Sister died at 12 : 40 Sunday night." CHAPTER XVII GENEALOGIES BAGBY FAMILY James ( i ), Jamestown (1628). Isom (Isham) ( i ), Jamestown. William ( i ) , Jamestown. William (i); Robert (2), b. 1740 (Kentucky branch). James ( i ) ; John ( 2 ) ; John ( 3 ) , m. Morris ( Louisa branch). John (2); Richard (3), m. Jeffries; George (4); Mary (4), m. Harwood; John (4), m. Courtney; Richard (4), m. Fleet; Baylor (4); Travis (4),m. Kidd; Susan (4), m. Haynes. Major Thomas (3); George (4), m. Virginia Evans; Dr. Geo. W. (Moziz Addums) (5), m. Cham- berlayne; Ellen (5), m, Matthews. John (4); Richard Hugh, D. D. (5), m. Motley; Dr. John (6), m. Fleet; Richard Hugh, Jr. (6), m. Cauthorne; Luther (6), m. Johnson; Betty (6), m. Ryland; Emma (6), m. Carlton; Laura (6), m. Ader- holt; Hannah (6); Virginia (6), m. W. F. Bagby, county clerk, Emeline (5), m. Cooke; Priscilla (5), m. Ryland; Hannah (5), m. Gresham; Major John R. (5), m. Fleet; Alfred (5), m. Pollard; George F. D. D. (5), m. Courtney; Mary E. (5), m. Gresham; Martha H. (5), m. Carlton; Virginia (5), m. Pollard; Susan (5) ; Edward (5), killed in the war. Richard (4) ; John C. (5) ; Capt. Alexander (5), m. Walker; Rev. Edward (6); Rev. Richard (6); Dr. Bathurst (6); Alvin (6); Alexina (6), m. Robins; Janie (6). Sarah (5), m. White; Sue (5), m. Fleet; Dolly (5), m. Walker; Richard (5), m. Fannie Floyd. 322 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 323 John R. (5) ; Wm. F. (6), m. Bagby; Bessie (6), m. Dickinson; Nellie (6); Dr. John R., Jr. (6); Mary (6), m. Haynes. Alfred (5) ; Thomas P. (6), m. Scott; Ann H. (6) ; Charles T. (6), m. English; Juliet (6); Alfred, Jr. (6), m. Campbell; John (6), m. Harwood; Richard Hugh (6), m. Leslie; George Poindexter (6). George F. (5); Fred (6), m. Garrett; Theodore (6), m. Willis; George F., Jr. (6), m, Lawrence; Leslie (6), m. Halloway; Alfred Paul (6), m. Stro- ther; Harry, D. D. (6), m. Thompson; May (6), m. Rudd (missionary). Priscilla (5); Sue (6), m. Fleet; Nannie (6), m. Fleet; Ida (6), m. Haynes; Mary (6), m. Murdoch; Priscilla (6), m. Land; Rev. John W. (6), m. Bagby; Josiah (6), m. White; James R. (6), m. Porter; Hugh (6), m. Derieux; Joseph (6), m. Bagby; Harry (6), m. ; Edwin (6), m. Files; Alice (6). Emeline (5) ; Betty (6), m. Porter; Frank (6), m. Turpin; Mary M. (6), m. Haywood; Mordecai (6). Hannah E. (5) ; Jessie (6), m. Hon. H. R. Pollard; Mattie (6), m. Pollard; Ora (6), m. Butler, D. D. S. ; Susie (6) ; Ada (6) ; two sons who died young (6). Virginia (5); Mary (6), m. Clark; Juliet (6), m. Wills; Bessie (6), m. Cox; Lallah (6), m, Smoot; Maude (6), m. Turman; Susie (6); Grace (6), m. McCaslin; Rev. Edward B., Ph. D. (6), m. Mason; John Garland, attorney (6), m. Phillipps. Mary E. (5) ; Andrew (6) ; Albert (6), m. Jones. BIRD FAMILY BY COLONEL BENNEHAN CAMERON, STAGVILLE, N. C. Janet Dickie married Bob Bird of Poplar Grove. She had two children, namely, Janet and Fannie, by first marriage, Janet died without marrying. Fannie married Col. Robert Boyd. Janet Dickie Bird married, second, Capt. Beverly Roy, about 1800, by whom there were issue two sons. Dr. Beverly Roy, born in 1802, and Dr. Dunbar Roy, born 1804. Dr. Beverly Roy married, first, Miss Abrams; by her there were two 324 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA children, William and Virginia. William was killed in the Civil War; Virginia married Capt. Robert Spencer of King and Queen County. Dr. Dunbar Roy married Lucy Carter Garnett; they had issue six children, — John Beverly, Janet Carter, Gustavus Garnet, Robert Boyd, Charles Carter, Lucy Augustine. Judith Bird, sister of Robert Bird, of Poplar Grove, married Col. Robt. Hoskins, by which marriage there were two children, Bird Hoskins and Matilda Bird Hoskins. Bird Hoskins married Elizabeth Garrett, and by this issue were four children, Robert William, John Robert, Bird, and Matilda Bird. Dr. William married Janet Carter Roy. BLAND FAMILY First branch: (i) Robert; (2) Colonel Robert; (3) Dr. William F.; (3) Robert; (3) Dr. J. E.; (3) Frank; (3) Mary married Savage; (3) Jennie married Dr. Grubbs; (3) Lucy. Second branch: (i) John; (2) Major Roderick; (3) Puss married Roane; (2) Nancy married Lawson; (2) Fanny married J. D. Taylor; (J. D. Taylor then married Albright) ; James Redwood and Muire mar- ried Miss Albright's two sisters. Third branch: "Gentleman John" Bland married Collins. He was a brother of Robert (i). (i) John; (2) Thomas J.; (2) Eliza married Hemingway; (2) John B. married Courtney; (2) Claiborne H.; (2) Julia married Corr; (2) Cary married Mooring; (2) Harriet A. married Morris; (2) 4^ev. William S. of Chesterfield married Winston; (2) Demarius married Bowden. Fourth branch: (i) Jesse Bland; (2) Jane mar- ried Ledford Vaughan; (2) Hon. B. F., (member of Virginia Senate). Fifth branch: (i) Major Roderick Bland married first, Clayton, and second, Goulder; (2) Buck married Corr; (2) Emiline married Sears; (2) John William married Goulder; (2) Ellen J. married Roane; (2) J. T. married Irby and Wright; (2) Hon. George C. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 325 married Anderson; Richmond married Anderson; (2) Joseph married Courtney. Sixth branch: (i) Rev. Archy; (i) Absalom; (i) William (Hickory); (i) Archy; (2) Tyler; (2) Schuyler; (i) Absalom; (2) Joseph F. ; (2) Julizu; (i) William; (2) John H.; (2) Walter; (2) Lucy, married Roane; (2) Betty married Roane; (2) Eliza married J. F. (Tyler married two sisters, — Absalom Bland's daughters.) Seventh branch : (i) Zachary; (2) Claiborne; (2) Thomas; (i) Edward B., Englishman, 1653. Settled at Blanford near Petersburg; (2) Giles, famed in Bacon's Rebellion; (2) Theodoric, of King's council; (3) Theodoric, colonel in Revolution; (3) Richard, of Jordan's Point, also a colonel. (See also letter from Dr. William F. Bland. I re- gret my inability to show the family connections. — Editor.) BOULWARE FAMILY BY O. GRESHAM Lee Boulware ( i ) married Catharine Miller of Caroline. They lived at Newtown, and had seven chil- dren, as follows : John (2), educated at William and Mary, became professor at Columbian College, Washington. Will- iam (2), graduated at William and Mary, married Mary Gatewood, nee Pendleton; was appointed Min- ister to Naples by President Tyler; he was killed in West Virginia at a place called Jerry's Run by the giv- ing way of a bridge in 1870. Lee (2), graduated at Yale, died about twenty-two years of age. Caro- line (2), married Rev. Andrew Broaddus, Sr. ; died 1848, leaving one child. Dr. William Lee Broad- dus, now of Bowling Green, Ky. Catharine (2), mar- ried Kidd; died 1867, leaving two children, John B. Kidd of Richmond, and Maria Louisa. Amanda (2), married Richardson Lumpkin; died about 1872, leav- ing one child, Mrs. Rosalie Bates. Susan (2), mar- ried Alexander Taliafero; died 1896, leaving four ^26 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA children: Catharine L. (3), married O. Gresham; Dr. WiUiam (3), married Kate Ryland; Charlie (3), and Carrie (3). Lee Roy Boulware, a half-brother of Mrs. Lee Boul- ware, was a man of considerable property; once owned White Hall near Walkerton. He had a large family of children, and all of them are dead with the exception of one daughter in Texas. Many of his children and grandchildren were in the Confederate army. He died in i860. BROOKE FAMILY BY COLONEL SAMUEL F. HARWOOD Richard Brooke owned Mantapike. He had two sons that I know of; one went into the U. S. army and the other into the navy. The latter invented an instru- ment for deep-sea sounding. One of the same name, and I think a descendant of this naval officer, invented a process used in building iron-clad battleships, and really superintended the rebuilding of the Merrimac {P'irginia) ; afterwards he superintended similar work in Richmond. George Brooke, of the army, a son of Humphrey Brooke and a nephew of Robert Brooke (who was with Spotswood on his transmontane expedition), bought Mantapike from Tunstall Banks (1764). Richard Brooke, Sr., was a justice of the peace, and he was impecunious. He was often on the bench when suits came to trial against himself; in such cases he was remarkable for his impartiality in giving judgment against himself. — [Editor.] BYRD FAMILY The first patent of land was granted to Robert Byrd, in 1 69 1. I find this same tract enlarged in the name of William Byrd in 1702. Robert Byrd married Miss Dunbar; issue, Robert, Judith, Barbara, and Katherine. Robert Byrd married Janet Dickey; issue, Fannie and Janet, born January 24, 1793; died July, 18 15. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 327 Fannie married Robert Boyd; issue, Robert Byrd. Robert Byrd Boyd married Mary A. Pryor; issue, Fannie and Byrd. Byrd Boyd married John Washington; issue, John Boyd, Mary A., Dolly B., Walker H., Eugene B., Fan- nie P., Roberta K. Fannie Boyd married Captain Marius Pendleton Todd; issue, William Burnett, born 1855; Robert Boyd, born 1856; Henry Garland, born 1857; Mary Eliza, born 1863 (died in infancy) ; Fannie Boyd, born 1862; Marius Pendleton, born 1865. Janet (Dickey) Byrd, born November 29, 1767; died September 10, 18 17; married second. Captain Beverly Roy (born 1760, died 1820), (See below, under Dickey and Roy.) COLLINS FAMILY Tom (i) (at Ware's Bridge) ; William (2) ; Rob- ert (2), married Gibson; Mary E. (3), married Corr; Columbia (3), married Carlton; Tommy (3); Robert (3) ; Martha (3), married Glenn. Tom (2); Tom (3), married Tribble; Tom (4), married Corr; (children): George (2), married Smith; Ashton (3), married Jockson; James (3), mar- ried Corr; Dena (4), S. Burch (5) ; James (4). Jane (2), married Daniel; Bob (3), married Mrs. Street; George (3) ; Joe (3). Maria (2), married Jackson; Patsy (2), married Clayton; Betty (3), married Bland; Jim Polk (4), married Turner; Sarah (3), married Rev. Crittenden; Sandal (3), married Garrett; Jim (3). Lucy (2), married Crittenden; Tom (3); George (3) ; Betty (3), married Yarington; Fanny (3), mar- ried Burton; (other sons and daughters. Dr. William Garland Smith among them). CORBIN FAMILY Major Henry Corbin of Stratton, Virginia, died 1680; had two sons, Thomas (i), who left no male descendants; his daughter, Letitia, married Richard 328 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Lee. Garvin Corbin (2) married Miss Bassett and was president of the Council. His children were : Joan (Mrs. Robert Tucker) ; Jenny (Mrs. Bushrod) ; AHce (Mrs. Ben. Nadler) ; Richard, of Laneville, who mar- ried,Miss Betty Taylor, ancestor of the Braxtons; John; Garvin, who married Hannah Lee; Mrs. Allerton; Mrs. Tuberville. CORR FAMILY James Corr ( i ) , married Mary Corr, a daughter of William Corr; her mother was a Miss Campbell of Plymouth. William Corr (2), married Julia Bland, a daughter of John Bland, a teacher, often called " Gentleman John." Thomas Corr (2), his brother, was unmar- ried, and Mary F. (2), married William Ferry; Felix Corr (2). James F. (3), William Lycurgus, D. Fielding, Flora A., and Julia B. James Corr ( i ) had a brother Jack, who went to Missouri. Henry Corr ( i ) of King William had two brothers, Thomas and George. Henry (2), Mrs. Edwards, Mrs. Littlepage. Thomas H. Edwards (3), attorney. Thomas ( i ) married a Miss Shackelford, and second a Mrs. Bland. Puss (2), married Buck Bland; Catherine (2), mar- ried Jimmy Bland; Victoria (2), George (2), Milton (2), Thomas (2), married Bray. Levi Corr of Gloucester was a cousin of William (2). Three of his sons were ministers, viz.: Watt, Thomas, and Harry. Freling Corr (3), married first Collins, and second Crittenden. Children: Mediola (4), married Collins; Lunsford Straughn (4), Myrtle (4), married Cobb; Elsie (4), married Black; Donus R. (4), Julia B. (4), Dena ( 5 ) , married Burch ; James C. ( 5 ) , S. Burch ( 6 ) . CRITTENDEN FAMILY William ( i ) , married first Bland, and second Mrs. Webley; William, Jr. (2), George (2), Carter (2), KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 329 Going (2), Mary (2), R?v. James C. (2), married four times; Charley (3), Sarah (3), married Corr; Lucy (3), married Walden; Samuel (2), married Hart; Robert (2), Matilda (2), married Webley; Cordelia (2), married Trice; Eudora (2), married Cardwell. COURTNEY FAMILY We compile the following, drawing largely from memoranda made by Major Alfred R. Courtney, C. S. A., of Richmond. Among the names mentioned traditionally of residents on the north side of the York and Mattapony Rivers about 1680, is that of Robert Courtney. He was apparently an English emigrant. Readers of history will recall the name Courtenay as having been prominent in England: the names are doubtless the same. Robert ( i ) , the emigrant, had three sons, Philip, Thomas, and John. Philip, whom we mark (2), indicating that he was a son of (i), had one son, Captain Robert Courtney (3), married Camp- bell. His children were William P. (4), Franklin (4), Elizabeth (4), married John Bagby; Priscilla (4), married William Campbell, Sr.; Martha (4), married Haynes. Captain Robert Courtney was a man of mark. He was captain at Norfolk during the War of 1812, first sheriff of his county, and afterwards for years presiding justice of the court. He was a man of commanding mien, fearless, outspoken, and had the unbounded con- fidence of his people. He was called Robert, Sr., to distinguish him from another Robert, and died in 1852. He married a daughter of Captain Whittaker Camp- bell (probably of the Revolutionary army) , of King and Queen. The two other sons of Robert ( i ) , Thomas and John, became Baptist ministers. Rev. Thomas (2) had six sons and two daughters; one daughter mar- ried Taylor of Richmond, the other married Osgood. The sons were Philip (3), John (3) of New Kent, William (3), Thomas (3), Robert (3), and Nathan- iel (3), who migrated west. 330 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Rev. John (2), born 1744, died 1824, was pastor of the First Baptist Church of Richmond, Va. He was greatly honored in his pastorate, being a compeer of " Parsons " Blair and Buchanan. Though not a brilliant preacher, his discourses were powerful and won many to the faith. Both himself and his brother Thomas labored in their early days in King William. Robert (3) — son of Thomas (2) — married Sarah Campbell, was father of a large family: Joseph Camp- bell (4), James Whittaker (4), Robert Mortimer (4), Martha Elizabeth (4), married Captain Smith; Law- rence Straughan (4), Thomas Lysander (4), Giles Croghan (4), Martha Lewis (4), married Patterson; Major Alfred R. (4), married Shelton. Robert (3) was in the War of 1 812-' 14. The Courtney family has migrated in every direction and is represented in nearly every State in the Union. (The two Misses Campbell here mentioned as having married Robert Courtney, Sr., and Robert, Jr., were daughters of Captain Whittaker Campbell, near Bru- ington Church; he was probably a soldier of the Revolution.) Another branch is as follows: William C. (Shad) Courtney was uncle to James W. Courtney of Plymouth. His sons were Conway, William, James, Thomas, and Isaac. Thomas, son of Shad, had sons: John Robert, Constantine D., Augustus A., Thomas L., Bird S., James W. ; daughters: MoUie B., Willie, married Rich- ardson; Rosie, married Shepherd. Family records from the Family Bible of Captain Robert Courtney, King and Queen County, Va., by Captain A. C. Jones, Three Creeks, Ark. : BIRTHS Elizabeth Courtney, daughter of Robert and Pris- cilla, his wife, was born August 28th, 1794. William Courtney, born May 29th, 1796. Priscilla Courtney, bom November nth, 1797. Mary Courtney, born September 6th, 1799. Robert Hill Courtney, born November 2d, 1801. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 331 Martha Hill Courtney, born October 30th, 1804. Hugh Courtney, born January 12th, 1806. William Pollard Courtney, born December 25th, 1807. Thomas Parkinson Courtney, born May 28th, 18 10. Franklin Courtney, born June 4th, 18 12. Ann Courtney, born September 27th, 18 14. MARRIAGES Robert Courtney and Prlscilla Campbell married October 5th, 1793./ Elizabeth Courtney and Mr. John Bagby married March 15th, 18 14. Priscilla Courtney and Mr. William Campbell mar- ried September 22d, 18 18. Mary Courtney and Mr. Hill Jones married Febru- ary 24th, 1 8 19. r Martha H. Courtney and Mr. Thomas Haynes mar- ^ried September 22d, 1824. ^William P. Courtney and Miss Martha E. Campbell married June 15th, 1828. Franklin Courtney and Miss Adaline Pendleton mar- ried November 5 th, 1835. DEATHS William Courtney, son of Robert Courtney and Pris- cilla, his wife, died August 21st, 1797. Hugh Courtney (ditto above) died September 9th, 1814. Thomas P. Courtney died September 26th, 18 14. Robert H. Courtney died October 17th, 18 14. Ann Courtney, died October 5th, 1823. Martha H. (Courtney) Haynes died October 29th, 1831. Elizabeth (Courtney) Bagby died September 29th, 1836. Priscilla Courtney, wife of Robert Courtney, died October 7th, 1840. Priscilla (Courtney) Campbell died July 17th, 1843. Robert Courtney died February 24th, 1852. 332 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA DAVIS FAMILY Hon. Robert Davis of Millers, married had daughters Maggie and Mattie. Maggie married Latane. Colonel William B. Davis, also of Millers, married first Taliaferro; issue, Martha, married Hon. Tom Winston of Minneapolis. Married second, Ella Sutton; children, Julia and James Taylor Davis. DICKEY FAMILY BY MRS. BETTY MONTAGUE Adam Dickey married Miss Dunbar, who was the daughter of Hancock Dunbar, rector of St. Stephen's parish; issue: Janet, Barbara, Mary Dunbar, James. Janet Dickey married first, Robert Byrd; second, Captain Beverly Roy. Issue, Fannie and Janet. Mary Dunbar married Ambrose Edwards. Barbara died. James married Joanna, daughter of Iverson Lewis and Frances Byrd. Judith Byrd married Colonel Robert Hoskins. Issue, Byrd, Matilda, Catherine, and William. Byrd Hoskins, born 1800, died 1841; married Eliz- abeth Garrett, born 1802, died 1867. Issue, Robert Hoskins, born 1831, died 1836; Dr. William Hoskins, born December 2^th, 1836; Matilda Hoskins, born October i6th, 1835, died June 14th, 1895; Dr. John Robert Byrd Hoskins, born February 2d, 1838, died December 31, 1891. FAUNTLEROY FAMILY p The first three Fauntleroys who came to this country were John, Moore, and Samuel Griflin. The three brothers settled in the " Northern Neck " of Virginia, and were the sole owners of that section. They were French Huguenots, and had to leave France on account of the persecution. Samuel Griffin Fauntleroy, a de- scendant of one of the brothers, settled in King and Queen County at " Farmers' Mount." His first wife KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 333 was Elizabeth Payne Todd; she had two daughters, Katherine and Betsy. The former married Mr. Lorri- mer, the latter Mr. Thornton Pollard. She also had three sons, Samuel Griffin, Moore Gardner, and Wil- liam Todd. The second wife was Sarah Lowry, a sis- ter of Mrs. Robert B. Semple. She had three daughters and one son. Of the daughters, Martha married Colo- nel i\rchie Harwood, Susan Tomlin married Mr. Toler, and Lucy Garnett married Mr. James Govan. Her son, Thomas William Lowry Fauntleroy, married Fan- nie Todd; only one child survives them, Mary Peachey Fauntleroy. Mrs. James Govan had four daughters: Elizabeth, who married Dr. Samuel G. Fauntleroy; Nannie, who married Dr. Griffin Fauntleroy; Susan, who married Mr. Robert Payne Fauntleroy; and Martha, who never married. Dr. Moore Gardner Fauntleroy, son of S. G., Sr., married Ann Catherine Roberta Latane, and left two daughters, Elizabeth Payne Todd, who married Mr. John Robinson Winston, and Mary Ellen, who married William Dillard. He had five sons, John Moore, who married Annie Willis Sizer; Samuel Griffen, who mar- ried Nannie Govan; Robert Payne, who married Susan Govan; Moore Gardner, who married Flora Dillard; and William Henry, who never married. Samuel Grif- fen, Jr., had only one child, who was also called Samuel Griffen. William Todd\ Fauntleroy married Elizabeth Downing, and left two scins, Virginius H. and R. Bruce Fauntleroy. Mrs. Susan Toler left one daughter, Hen- rietta, who married Dr. R. Bruce Fauntleroy. Martha, the wife of Colonel Harwood, left seven daughters and three sons, namely: Sarah, Margaret, Priscilla, Katherine, Susan, Lucy, and Emily; Samuel, Thomas, and Archie. Mrs. Thornton Pollard of lower King and Queen, nee Ellen Fauntleroy, had three daughters. Belle, Liz- zie Todd, and Ella. Belle married Fauntleroy, Lizzie married Robert Roy. Dr. Moore G. Fauntleroy was surgeon in the War of 1812. 334 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Captain Pendleton of Revolutionary army was con- nected with both the Todds and Fauntleroys. Captain Bernard Todd, who was connected with the Fauntleroys, received from the U. S. government six thousand acres of land in Kentucky. FLEET FAMILY We had hoped to present a more extended account of this noted family, but have been able to secure only what here follows : They claim (and apparently with justness) to be de- scended from Charlemagne of France; also from sev- eral of the kings of England after William I. Later we have William Fleet (i), Gentleman, married Deb- orah Scott, of Chatham, Kent. William Fleet (2), Virginia burgess 1652. Henry Fleet (3), sheriff of Lancaster County 171 8- 1719. William Fleet (4), sheriff of Lancaster County. William Fleet (5), born 1726. William Fleet (6), 1757-1836, member of Constitu- tional Convention, 1788. Sons: Christopher B., M. D., married McKim; Colonel Alexander, justice and Vir- ginia legislator, married first Pollard, second Mrs. But- ler; James Robert, married Ryland; Benjamin, married Maria Louisa, daughter of Dr. Walker, a German. Dr. C. B. Fleet's sons: John A., married first May- nard, second Ryland; Charles B., married Burrass; Dr. William T., married Bagby. John A. Fleet's sons: Maynard, Charles, Dr. Ben- nett, McKim, Ellie. Dr. William T. Fleet's children: Jeanette, married Vest; Brooke, married Pyles; William, Chapin, Min- nie, Sydney. Colonel Alexander Fleet's sons: Christopher B., Rev. Alexander; daughters: Betty, married Bagby; Sallie Brown. Dr. Benjamin Fleet's sons: Colonel A. F. of Culver, Ind., David of Washington State, Judge William of Virginia; daughters: Lou, Bessie, Florence. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 335 Mrs. Maria Louisa Fleet was a daughter of Dr. Wacken, a German physician, who located at King and Queen Courthouse and practiced his profession. He married a daughter of Robert Pollard, Sr., clerk of the court, and his daughter, Maria L., was the sole heir. In early life she married Dr. Benjamin Fleet, youngest son of Captain William and brother of Colonel Alex- ander Fleet. After the lapse of some fifteen years Dr. Fleet died, leaving his widow the great responsibility of seven children, — four sons and three daughters, — to provide for and educate. Nothing daunted, she took up the task. By and by she established a school known far and near as " Green Mount," of which she was her- self the headmaster and inspiration. It is to Mrs. Fleet's imperishable credit that, under conditions above indicated, and by her single initiative, she impressed her own intellectual and Christian character upon her sons. Colonel A. F. Fleet of Culver Military Academy, Indiana; David of Washington State, and Judge Wil- liam, and her admirable daughters. Misses Lou, Bessie, and Florence. We take pride in presenting her por- trait as a representative woman of the county. THE GAINES FAMILY AND HOMES BY C. H. R. The first Gaines of whom we have record in King and Queen is mentioned in the Vestry book of Stratton Major parish under date February 27th, 1766. The entry is as follows: "Harry Gaines, Gent., engaged to build the church on the old field belonging to Richard Corbin, Esq., called ' Goliath Field.' " On March 4th, 1768, the Vestry "received the church built by Major Harry Gaines, deceased." In Hening's "Statutes at Large of Virginia," February, 1759, the following appears, " Harry Gaines, Gent., is appointed trustee of the Pamunky Indians," and October 30th, 1760, " Harry Gaines subscribed £1 annually for 8 years as a premium for best wines." A second Harry Gaines (possibly son of the above- 336 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA mentioned), brother of William Fleming Gaines of " Greenway," King William County, and of Robert Gaines of " White House," King and Queen County, lived at " Providence " and died in 1789. He married Elizabeth Herndon. Their children were (i) Benja- min, (2) Harry, (3) Robert Beverley, (4) William Fleming, who died young, (5) Martha Fleming, (6) Elizabeth Herndon, (7) John. 1. Benjamin Gaines of "Plain Dealing" married Sally, daughter of Camm Garlick. Their children were Mary Ann, who married Richard Gaines, attorney-at- law, and inherited her father's residence; Mira L., who married George K. Carlton of " Carlton's Store "; William Fleming Gaines, M. D., of " Powhite," Han- over County; Sarah Jane, who married John H. Steger of Amelia County. 2. Harry Gaines of " Woodlawn " married Myra Muse. Their children were Juliet, who married Thomas Carter of King William County; Cornelia, who married Dr. Meux of Amelia County; Henry Morti- mer, Martha Elizabeth, and Sarah Ann, who all died unmarried. 3. Robert Beverley Gaines of "Belmont" married Lucy, daughter of William Fleming Gaines of " Green- way," King William County. Their children were Sally, Herndon, and Lucy, all of whom died unmarried. 5. Martha Fleming married Robert Baylor Hill of " The Vineyard," and left one child, Catharine Gaines, who married Samuel Peachey Ryland of Nor- wood. 6. Elizabeth Herndon Gaines married Captain Thomas Miller of Powhatan County, and left no issue. 7. John Gaines resided at " Providence." He was a lawyer of ability, and attorney for the Commonwealth, and died unmarried. Robert Gaines of " The White House " (brother of Harry Gaines of Providence), married Mrs. Jennings. Their children were (i) Richard, who married Mary Ann, daughter of Benjamin Gaines, and lived at " Plain Dealing "; (2) Harry, who married Agnes Gwathmey; and (3) Martha, who married Mr. Lee of Lynchburg. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 337 THE GARNETT FAMILY AND HOMES Thomas Garnett (who died in Essex County in 1748) and Elizabeth, his wife, were the parents of John Gar- nett, Jr. ; whose son, Reuben Garnett, married Mary, daup:hter of James and Mary (Gaines) Jameson of Drysdale parish, and resided at " Liberty Hall," Essex County. Reuben Meriwether, son of Reuben and Mary Garnett, married Anna Maria, dau(2;hter of Cap- tain James Pendleton (of the Continental Line) and his wife, Elizabeth Peachey (daughter of Samuel Peachey of Essex County), and resided at his wife's parental homestead " Spring Farm " near Newtown. He was high sheriff and colonel of the militia. Their children, who lived to be grown, were ( i ) John Mus- coe, M. D., (2) Mary Susan, (3) Reuben Meriwether, (4) Anna Maria. 1. John Muscoe of " Lanefield " married, first, Priscilla, daughter of Andrew Brown of Middlesex County; and second, Anna Elizabeth, daughter of Cap- tain Higgason Hancock of Chesterfield County. Their children were : Priscilla Brooke, Alice Marion, who mar- ried Charles Hill Ryland, D. D., of Richmond; Nannie B. ; Mary Kate Macon, who married William L. Broad- dus, M. D., of "Travellers' Rest"; Francis W. ; Susan Harvie, who married Rev. F. B. Beale of Westmoreland County; John Muscoe of "Lanefield"; Reuben Han- cock, M. A., Professor of Greek, Georgetown College, Kentucky. 2. Mary Susan married Benjamin Franklin Dew of Newtown. Their children were James Harvie, M. D., of New York; John Garnett, county judge and Sec- ond Auditor of Virginia; Mary Franklin, who married Rev. Frederick W. Claybrook of Lancaster County. 3. Reuben Meriwether married Bettie Allen, daugh- ter of James Williams of Fredericksburg, and lived at " Peach Grove." Their children were Mary Allen, who married William D. Gresham of " Forest Hill " ; Reuby Pendleton, who married James R. Fleet of Kinj? and Queen; Muscoe Harvie of Richmond; James Williams of "Peach Grove"; and Nannie M., second wife of Rev. F. W. Claybrook. 338 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 4. Anna Maria, married John N. Ryland of " Farmington." Their children were Jeannette Gar- nett, who married Joseph H. Gwathmey of King Will- iam County; and John N. Ryland, Jr., of " Ingleside. GOVAN FAMILY (i) James, (2) James, (2) Cincinnatus, (2) Moore, (2) Elizabeth married Dr. S. G. Fauntleroy, (2) Ann married Dr. Griffin Fauntleroy, (2) Susan married Robert P. Fauntleroy, (2) Martha. GRESHAM FAMILY BY O. GRESHAM Samuel Gresham ( i ) was one of the patriarchs as far back as 181 5. He married first a Miss Dudley; child: William (2), moved to Kentucky early in the nineteenth century. He has grandchildren and great- grandchildren now living in Jeffersonville, Ind. By his second wife: George (2) and John (2), lived and died in Lancaster County; Hannah (2) also lived there, and married John Chewning; Fannie (2) married Gouldman Parker, and died about 1839 in King and Queen; James (2) died in Essex, where he married; Andrew (2) settled in Essex, practising medi- cine, but died young; Thomas (2) married Polly Dew, and lived in Essex, father of Edward (3), William D. (3), Robert (3), Charles, M. D., (3), and Henry, M. D., (3) ; Samuel (2), my father, born 1778, died 1843, father of Andrew (3), died early; Martha A. (3) married P. D. Samuel, died 1844; Samuel S. (3), born 1 8 17, died in Norfolk 1897; John (3), born 1820, married Hannah E. Bagby, died 1884; Hannah (3) born 1822, married Thomas Motley of Caroline; Mary Susan (3) born 1825, died i8(;4; Benjamin F. (3) born 1828, married 1848, Anne C. Lumpkin, three children, — all dead except Mrs. Gertrude G. Samuels of Carohne,— died 1904; Albert G. (3) born 1830, married Mary E. Bagby, only one child living, Albert 'I I I i KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 359 G., Jr.; Virginia (3) born 1833, married William Howerton, died 1870; Sarah Ann (3) born 1839; mar- ried G. Howerton, died 1870; and Oscar (3) born 1836, married E. M. Harris; children living: Oscar, Jr., (4), Ellen Hudgens (4), W. W. Gresham (4), and Roberta Spindle (4). Oscar (3) married second, October 1882, C. L. Taliaferro; no children. Thomas Gresham (2) was a lawyer of distinction in Essex County. His children branched as follows: Edward (3) married Isabella Mann; was an excellent citizen and minister; children: Ella (4) married Dr. Haile; Walter (4), M. C, Galveston, Texas; Philip (4), M. D., Fort Worth, Texas, married Gresham, died early; Mrs. Tyler (4) died leaving a son, Walter, a promising young lawyer; and " Bunnie " (4) ; William D. (3) married first, Campbell, and second, Garnett; leaving children: May (4) married Dr. P. Gresham; Marian (4) married Dr. Brown Evans; and Her- bert (4); Robert (3) married Dew, was colonel of militia and a lawyer; Henry (3) M. D., died in Essex, leaving several children. The Greshams are an old family with many branches. Samuel Gresham lived near Upper King and Queen Church and left an impress through his children, Sam- uel S., John N., Benjamin, Oscar, and Albert. Samuel married Motley, and second, Goode. John married Hannah E. Bagby. A daughter of these last became Mrs. H. R. Pollard; another, Mrs. R. N. Pollard; a third, Mrs. Dr. E. E. Butler. Their children cast a halo upon their memory. Rev. Edward Gresham was a distant relative. He was a man of virtue and intelli- gence; married Isabella Mann, and left sons and daugh- ters: Hon. Walter Gresham, M. C, of Galveston, Texas; Dr. P. Gresham of Fort Worth, whose widow survives with several highly reputable sons and daugh- ters; Mrs. Dr. Haile, Mrs. Tyler, whose son Walter is an attorney. Wm. D. was a brother of Edward, married Garnett, and second, Campbell. Thomas Gres- ham, an attorney of Tappahannock, the father of Ed- 340 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA ward, William D., Sylvanus, and Colonel T. Robert, was a man of ability and lucrative practice. He was a brother of Samuel Gresham of Newtown, Thomas R. Gresham and Sylvanus were men of high character, — the former a county official, father of Rev. G. T. Gres- ham, Richard, and Jeff. Sylvanus married Miss Caw- thorne, an admirable woman. Their sons were, , Calvin, of Texas, and John Amos, on the Pacific coast. — [Editor.] HARWOOD FAMILY This family seems to be of Saxon origin, tracing back to the time of William the Conqueror. Coat of Arms, a shield with a head of antlers surmounting. Robert and Thomas were sheriffs in London about 1630. H. in America, 1619. William, chief of " Martin's Hundred," Warwick County, Va., 1620. Colonel Archibald Roane Harwood, born 1761, married Faun- tleroy. The Colonel was in the War of 18 12 and in- herited Newington. Children: Samuel F., Margaret married Winder, Sarah, Priscilla, Thomas Moore (went to Texas), Martha C. married Bird, Archibald Roane, Lucy married McPheters, Maria S., Emily G. A HANDSOME TABLET OF HARWOODS (By order of Court.) (i) " Christopher H., died 1744. (2) His son, Captain William H., bom I734> died 1773, married Priscilla Pendleton. (3) His son, Major Christopher H., died 1793, married Margaret Roane of Newington. (4) His son. Captain Archibald Roane H., born 1786, died 1837; married Martha Fauntleroy of Holly Hill. War of 18 12; Senate of Virginia. (5) His sons: I . Samuel Fauntleroy H. of Newington, born 1 8 1 7 ; married Betty Brokenborough. Senate of Virginia; and Vestryman.* * See biographical sketch above. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 34-1 2. Major Thomas M. Harwood of Newington, born 1827, died at Gonzales, Texas, 1900; married Cordelia Brown. Willis' Battalion, Waul's Texas Le- gion, C. S. A. Special Judge Supreme Court of Texas, 1886. Regent University of Texas 1 872-1 895. Rul- ing Elder 1877-1900." HENLEY FAMILY Rev. Thomas M. Henley (first generation in King and Queen) was born in Williamsburg. Early in life he became impressed in regard to religion. His par- ents were Episcopalians, but upon investigation he con- cluded that immersion alone was baptism and decided to become a Baptist. His father, Leonard Henley, earnestly opposed his connecting himself with the- Bap- tists, who were then a despised sect, and threatened that if he did so he would disinherit him, but in spite of this opposition and threat Mr. Henley did what his conscience dictated, and he was baptized and united with the Baptist Church. He then left Williamsburg and settled in Tappahannock and started a coach- making business, but soon began to preach. He mar- ried first a Miss Yates, the granddaughter of Bishop Yates of the Episcopal Church; by that marriage he had three children : Dr. Leonard Henley of Essex, Mary, and Robert Y, Dr. Leonard Henley had some five or six children, viz., T. M., Sally, and others whose names are unknown. Mary married first, Billups and had two children, Hugh and Sally; and then married Kemp and had one child, a daughter. Robert Y. Hen- ley married first, Caroline Campbell, the daughter of Alexander Campbell, by whom he had two children. Dr. Thomas M. Henley and Caroline; then he married Mrs. Maria Louisa Woolfolk, the widow of John Woolfolk of Shepherd's Hill, Caroline County, whose maiden name was Magruder, by whom he had two chikiren, Dr. Robert Y. Henley, who married Dora Walker; and Louisa, who never married. The elder son. Dr. T. M. Henley, married Priscilla Bagby and left four children, viz. Roberta Lee, Lou F., Caroline, 342 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA and Winnie. Roberta Lee has never married; Lou married Richard Barclay; Carrie married — Sturgis, and Winnie married A. Sidney Fitch. After the death of his first wife, Miss Yates, Rev. Thomas M. Henley married Betty Temple, and had two children, Joseph T. and Dr. Samuel Straughan Henley. Joseph T. married Betty T. Walker, daugh- ter of Betsy W. Todd and Temple Walker, and had eight children, viz, Virginia T., Bernard W., Charles T., Josie M., William T., Hunter H., Fannie Ellen, and Betty T., all living in 1904. Virginia married Mel- ville Walker, and has three children, Bessie, Henley W., and Alice. B. W. married Estelle (Booth) Welsh, and has one child, Booth. Charles T. has three children. Fannie E. has four children. Temple, Samuel, John, and Emily. Hunter has four children. William Todd mar- ried Lizzie Hoskins, daughter of John T. and Hannah Hoskins, and has four children, Elizabeth, Joseph T., John Hoskins, and William Todd, Jr. Hunter mar- ried Miss Loulie Ray of Florida. Fannie E. married Samuel P. Waddill. Rev. Thomas M. Henley, Sr., was, in consequence of his becoming a Baptist, disinherited by his father. It is worthy of note that in after years most of his father's family and their descendants became members of the Christian Church, of which church Thomas M. Henley became a member and preacher, after being for many years a preacher in the Baptist Church. Late in life he removed from Essex to Hillborough, King and Queen, which had been given to his wife by her brother, William Temple, of Rose Mount. This estate was afterwards owned by his son, Joseph T., and now by the latter's son, William Todd Henley. Dr. Samuel Straughan Henley, the second son by his last marriage, married Roblnette Pendleton, daughter of P. B. Pendleton. They left six children, viz. Thomas B., Mary Straughan, Rebecca P., Columbia, William, and Pattle. Thomas B. married Fannie Dew. Mary married Carter. Rebecca married R. S. Dew. Willie married Willis Eastwood. Columbia and Pattie never married. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 343 HILL FAMILY AND HOMES BY C. H. R. Colonel Humphrey Hill, son of Thomas and Edith (Bell) Hill, of London, England, was born in 1706, and was a " blue coat " boy of Christ Church Hospital school, where the record of his matriculation is still preserved. He settled first at Hobbe's Hold (now Tappahannock) as a tobacco factor. He married Frances, daughter of Robert and Hannah (Gregory) Baylor, and built " Hillsborough," where he died and was buried in 1775. His children were (i) Ann, who married Isaac Dabney; (2) Frances, who married Bay- lor Walker; (3) Mary, who married Joseph Temple; (4) Baylor, who married Mary, daughter of Colonel George Brooke of " Mantapike," and became captain in the Continental Line and mayor of Norfolk; (5) John, who married Mary Elliott and resided at " May- fair," King William County; (6) Robert, who was high sheriff of the county, and married Hannah, daughter of Samuel Garlick of " Mt. Pleasant," King William County, the immigrant; (7) William, who married Betsy Baylor and resided at " Smithfield " ; (8) Ed- ward, who married Fannie Brooke Baylor and fell heir to the homestead; (9) Elizabeth, who married Samuel Garlick, Jr., of "Beudley"; and (10) Humphrey. Robert (6) and Hannah (Garlick) Hill lived at " Huckleberry Hall," now " Roseville," near Bruing- ton. He was one of the County Committee of Safety during the Revolution. Their children were Humphrey of " Mt. Airy," Caroline County, who married first, Mary Garlick, and second, Betsy Minor; Richard of " Ashfield," near Richmond, who married first, Nancy Hill, and second, Molly Govan; Edward Garlick, who married first, Nancy Garlick, and second, Mary Hart; Mary, who married Owen Gwathmey of King William County; John, who married Mary Waller Lewis of Spottsylvania County; Harry, of " Mt. Gideon," Caro- line County, who married first, Sally Woolfolk, and second, Mrs. Hickman, and third, Jane Burruss; Sam- uel, who married Miss Lewis and moved to Kentucky; 344 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Robert Baylor, who lived at " The Vineyard " and married first, Martha Fleming, daughter of Harry and Elizabeth (Herndon) Gaines ot " Providence," and second, Catharine Pollard, daughter of Robert and Martha Pollard of King William County; Esther, who married Captain Roderick Starling of King William County; and Camm, who died young. Robert Baylor and Martha Fleming (Gaines) Hill of "The Vine- yard " had one child, Catharine Gaines, who married Samuel Peachey Ryland of " Norwood." The child of the second marriage was Martha Ann, who married first, James Butler, and second. Colonel Alexander Fleet of " Melville." Edward (8) and Fannie Brooke (Baylor) Hill of "Hillsborough" had the following children: Mary, who married Robert, son of John Hill of " Mayfair," King William County; Fannie, who married Johnson of King William County; Fannie, who married John, son of John Hill of "Mayfair" ; Nancy, first wife of Richard Hill of " Ashfield," Henrico County; Charles, who moved to Mississippi; Brooke, who moved to Ken- tucky; John, William, and Patsy, who all died unmar- ried. HUTCHINSON FAMILY Charles Hutchinson ( i ) married Miss Lyne J. D. Hutchinson (2) married Miss Haile, daughter of Captain Haile of Essex. Charles (2) married , moved to Missouri (I think), became a distinguished lawyer, and was the author of a standard legal work, Martha (2) married Joseph L. Pollard of King and Queen. J. D. Hutchinson (2) was a man of education and a prominent citizen; conducted a classical school for years at his residence, Liberty Hall, on the line of King and Queen and Essex near Indian Neck. He had a reputation as surveyor of lands and was the draftsman of very many deeds and wills. Liberty Hall was orig- inally the property of the Garnetts, descended to Miss KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 345 Mary Susan Garnett, who married Benjamin F. Dew, and was sold by them to said Hutchinson. He left five sons, Edward L., Robert, William, J. D., Jr., and Charles (who is a dentist), — all active, prosperous citi- zens; and three daughters, Nancy, Mary, and Sally B. Edward L. Hutchinson (3) married Miss Mary Motley, daughter of Richard Motley of Essex. Robert (3) married Miss Clarkson, a daughter of John H. Clarkson of Essex. J. D., Jr., (3) married Miss Lizzie Sizer, a daugh- ter of Dr. William Sizer of King William County, and a granddaughter of Mr. Edward C. Hill of the same county. LYNE FAMILY Elizabeth Lyne (2), the daughter of William Lyne ( I ) , married Jesse Carter, who was rector of Drysdale Parish (See Bishop Meade's book). They had issue, one daughter, Lucy Lyne Carter (3), married John Jameson Garrett; by whom Lucy Carter Garrett (4) (born July 8, 18 16, died February 6, 1850), married A. G, Dunbar Roy (born 1804; died November 23, 1874): Janet Carter Roy (5) (born February 14, 1838), married, December 29, 1857, Dr. William Hoskins (died June 14, 1895) : Elizabeth Lyne Hoskins (6) (born February 24, 1868), married, December 11, 1889, Andrew Jackson Montague (born October 3, 1863). POLLARD FAMILY To the Editor of the Argus: Dear Sir: The following is so remarkable an In- stance of longevity, in a family consisting of five sisters and one brother, now living, that I am Induced to send it to you for publication in your useful paper. The account is taken from the Bible now in the fam- ily, recorded In the handwriting of the late venerable Judge Pendleton, who at his death, which happened on the 26th of October, 1803, in his eighty-third year, was 346 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA attending his duty as president of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Richmond, Virginia: "Sarah Pollard, born the 4th of May, 1725, was married June 20th, 1743, to Judge Pendleton. She is now in her ninetieth year." "Anne Pollard, born the 22nd of February, 1732. She is now in her 83rd year" — married a Mr. Taylor and was the mother of Colonel John Taylor, of Caro- line, the great statesman. "Elizabeth Pollard (now Meriwether), born Oc- tober, 1736, is now in her seventy-sixth year." These three ladies live under one roof — keep no housekeeper — families entire. "Thomas Pollard, born September 30th, 1741, is nearly 73." He rode on horseback from Kentucky a year or two ago, and means to return shortly. " Milly Pollard, now married to Colonel Edmund Pendleton, was born the 12th of May, 1747, and is now in her 68th year," and lives within two miles of her sisters. " Jane Pollard, now the wife of Thomas Under- wood, was born the 26th of May, 1744, and is in her 71st year," living in Hanover. " Joseph Pollard, the father of the above, died De- cember 26th, 1791, nearly 91." " Priscilla Pollard, the mother, died July 26th, 1795, over 91." John Pollard, Jr. By John Pollard, Sr., 1870. A chart of the Pollard family so far as I have any historical account of them, and more particularly my branch of the family: My great-grandfather, Joseph Pollard, was born, so far as I can ascertain, in the County of King and Queen and raised his family there. In 1754, when 67 years of age, as I have been informed by my father, he moved to the County of Goochland, — consequently* he must have been born about the year 1687. He married Miss Priscilla Hoomes, of Caroline County, and had nine children, two sons and seven daughters. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 347 Of the daughters I shall speak first. 1. One married a Mr. Watklns and left no issue. 2. Another married, first, a Mr. Dandridge, and afterwards a Mr. Underwood, and left no issue. 3. Another married Mr. Edmund Pendleton, of Caroline, a distinguished lawyer, who afterwards be- came judge of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and was president of the Court for many years, and died holding that position. They left no issue. 4. Another married a Mr. Taylor of Caroline, and had an only son, John Taylor, of Caroline, who was a colonel in the Revolution of 1776, became a distin- guished politician, was a member of the United States Senate, and was the author of several political works. He was one of the most successful farmers in his day and made a large fortune. He, I think, had four sons, two of whom died during the lifetime of their father. William P., one of the sons, was once a member of Congress, died during the Civil War, without issue, leaving his fortune, which he inherited from his father, to two nephews; George Taylor, the youngest of the four sons, lives (now 1870) in King William County. 5. Another married a Mr. Meriwether, who left a number of children, all of whom moved South, ex- cept one, who married a Mr. Wilson of Richmond, Virginia, and has a grandson residing there named James Winston, who is now, 1870, secretary and treas- urer of the R. F. & P. R. R. Co., and a very worthy man. 6. Another married a Mr. Rogers of Spottsylvania County. She left two children, a son and a daughter. Thomas, the son, was raised a clerk in Hanover office under my uncles, William and Thomas Pollard, and afterwards moved to the State of Kentucky and mar- ried at quite an advanced age (being upwards of sixty) , and left an only daughter, who married a Mr. > — , a Presbyterian clergyman, and who lives near Bowl- ing Green, Kentucky. He obtained a large amount of property by her. The daughter married a Mr. Under- wood, of Goochland County, and had several children, among whom are two sons, Joseph and Warner, who 348 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA moved to Kentucky under the auspices of their uncle, William Rogers. They are both distinguished lawyers. Joseph was first made judge of one of the State Courts of Kentucky; resigned his seat upon the bench and served one term as United States Senator. Warner has represented his district in Congress of the United States. They both reside now, 1870, in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and have large and inter- esting families. 7. The youngest, whose name, I think, was Pris- cilla, married Colonel Edmund Pendleton, of Caroline, nephew of Judge Edmund Pendleton. They left quite a numerous family. One of the sons became clerk of Caroline County; one of the daughters married a Mr. Turner of Caroline County; the others I have lost sight of. Thomas, one of the sons, resided for many years in Spottsylvania County, raised his family there and then moved to Kentucky. I know one of his sons, Joseph, who married a Miss Thornton of Caroline. He was a lawyer by profession. He moved to Ken- tucky and carried his family with him. One of his sons, Peter Thornton, returned to Virginia, and married a Miss Fauntleroy of this county (King and Queen). He has two daughters here. One married a Mr. Roy and the other is still single. The other branches of this family I know nothing of, but suppose they are scat- tered through the West. Peter Thornton Pollard [elder son of Joseph Pol- lard], and his wife are both dead. William, the other son, who settled in Hanover County, was my grand- father. He married a Miss Anderson of Hanover. He was appointed clerk of Hanover in early life and held the office until his death. He left ten children, five sons and five daughters. Of the daughters first: ( I ) Elizabeth, the oldest, married Mr. Bernard Todd, of Charlotte County, Virginia, who for several years represented that county in the Virginia Legisla- ture. He afterwards embraced religion and became a Baptist preacher. They had children, five sons and two daughters. I. Thomas, who married a Mrs. Gamett, resided KING AND QLTEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 349 in the County of King William and died there. He was a magistrate in his county and noted for his piety. 2. William was a Baptist minister of great useful- ness; succeeded his uncle, Mr. Robert Pollard, as clerk of the District and Superior Courts of King and Queen County. He was four times married, but left no issue living at the time of his death. He had an only grandson living when he died, who married a Miss Boyd of King and Queen, and died leaving four or five children. 1. Bartlett married a Miss Epps of Nottoway; died in Petersburg, Va., and left a numljer of children. One of his sons, Bernard, lives now, 1870, in Baltimore. One of the daughters married Augustus Robins of Gloucester County. The others I know but little of, except Kate, who lives with her brother, Bernard, in Baltimore. 4. Joseph lived in Prince Edward; married there and left a family there. 5. Garland moved to the West, and, I think, died in Cincinnati, Ohio. 1. Mary, the oldest daughter, married a man by the name of Buster and moved to the County of Kana- wha; he represented the county in the Virginia Legis- lature; they both died in Kanawha, and I know nothing of their posterity, but suppose they are in that region. 2. Betsy married Temple Walker, and left two children, Betty and Bernard. Betty married Joseph T. Henley, and Bernard (Dr. Walker) resides near Stev- ensville. (2) Mary married John Austin of Hanover, and left no Issue. (3) Priscilla married a Mr. Martin, of King and Queen, and left an only daughter, who married Walker Hawes of King William. (4) Susanna married Robert Kelso of Prince Ed- ward, and died leaving two children : Mary, who mar- ried a Dr. Merry, and Robert, who, now — 1870 — lives at Fancy Farm, Bedford County, Virginia. (5) Jane never married. (i) Joseph Pollard, my father (the oldest of the 350 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA brothers), married Miss Catherine Robertson of Han- over, and left four sons, — Edmund, William, John, and Joseph. Edmund, William, and Joseph died without issue. I married Miss Juliet Jeffries of King and Queen. We have several children, four sons and three daughters. (2) William succeeded his father as clerk of Han- over; was twice married; left three children, one son, George William, who resided in Hanover; and two daughters, Mary, who married John Daracott; and Elizabeth, who married Dr. Joseph Sheppard of Han- over. (3) Robert became clerk of the District and County Court of King and Queen; married a Miss Harwood and left four children, one son and three daughters: Maria married Dr. Jacob D. Wacker; Elizabeth, or Betty, married first, Thomas C. Hoomes, and after- wards Colonel A. Fleet of King and Queen. Priscilla died unmarried. Robert succeeded his father as Clerk of the County Court of King and Queen, and married a Miss Harwood, a cousin of his, but had no issue. (4) Benjamin lived and died at the old family resi- dence in Hanover; was once Clerk of the District Court of Appeals of Accomac and Northampton Counties; married a Miss Winston and left three children, one son and two daughters, all of whom are now dead. The son married a Miss Winston; was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Hanover County at the time of his death. Anna, the oldest daughter, married Dr. William S. Pryor, and Catherine married Samuel Overton; both of them are now dead. William graduated at Hampden-Sidney College; was a Presbyterian minister for more than twenty years; afterwards united himself with the Baptist Church, and died a minister in that church. (5) Thomas, the fifth son, married a Miss Whit- lock; was for many years deputy to his brother, William, who was Clerk of Hanover and was the first Clerk of the Superior Court of Hanover, and continued so until the time of his death. He left two sons and four daugh- ters: KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 351 Benjamin now resides in Richmond, and was for many years Clerk of the Circuit Court of Richmond. Thomas now resides near Richmond, and is a phy- sician of some distinction. He graduated in Paris and has twice visited Europe. Mary married Henry Temple and left an only daughter, now the wife of Mr. Thomas of Richmond. Fanny Bacon is now the wife of Robert Kelso of Fancy Farm. Martha Rebecca married a Mr. Winston of Han- over, who moved to the West. She is now a widow and lives in Louisville, Kentucky. Sarah is now the wife of Mr. William C. Winston of Hanover. Robert Pollard, Sr., was likely a descendant of the Robert Pollard whose name will be found among the early settlers; at any rate he was a brother of the dis- tinguished Miss Priscilla Pollard, and is found clerk of the courts about 1803. He was succeeded in office by his son Robert, Jr., who married Harwood. (In 1803-5 we find in the office as deputy William Todd, who was afterwards a noted Baptist minister.) About 18 18 there came into the office young John Pollard, born in Goochland County. He was a youth of indomi- table courage and high intelligence, educated and re- fined, and full of life. He married Juliet Jeffries, daughter of Major Thomas Jeffries, and sister of the late Judge Jeffries of the circuit court; and became the father of several of the first men of the county. The wife was one of the finest women, gentle, kindly, at- tractive, and a wise mother. She most happily blended the suaviter in viodo with the fortiter in re. Her sons above referred to are Professor Thomas, John, D. D., James and Henry R., attorneys, and Robert N. Pol- lard; all now living except Thomas and James. The daughters are Mrs. P. T. Woodward, Mrs. S. J. Bagby, and Mrs. S. C. Davies. Thornton Pollard of lower King and Queen was a near relative. The Pollards are all of King and Queen ancestry. — [Editor.] 352 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA FAMILY OF C. W. PORTER C. W. Porter, son of Samson and Catherine Porter, who came to King and Queen in 1853, married Bettie Cook December nth, 1854. His mother was a Miss Neusom. His grandfather was William Por- ter and his grandmother, Mary Porter, was a Miss Sandy. C. W. Porter was sheriff of King and Queen from 1865 to 1 87 1 and treasurer from 1871 to 1903. Children: Pendleton Cook Porter, C. W. Porter, Jr., William Franklin Porter (dead), Lizzie Lee married Brown, Mary F. married Vaughan, Gertrude married Drain, Lena P. married Bentley, Laura W. married Deshazo. PURKS FAMILY (i) William Purks married Mary Carlton (a sis- ter of Benoni Carlton), and second, Deshazo; died about 1837. (2) Dr. William (Green County, Ga.) (2) Mary married T. W. Fogg: (3) Clay mar- ried Eubank, (3) Sarah married Tarrant, (3) Joseph W. married , and others. (2) Benjamin A. married Smith: (3) Emma Hill, (3) Anne Fillmore married W. C. Adams: (4) Benjamin Alexander, (4) Anne F., (4) Mattie B., (4) Grace F. (2) Cornelius. (2) Alexander. (2) John (migrated). RICHIE FAMILY In reply to " A Descendant," the Richmond Times- Dispatch of October 28th, 1906, gives the following summary on " Richie " : Archibald Richie is supposed to have been the first to emigrate from Scotland, and settled in Essex County, Virginia, previous to 1750, for we find he was a justice for that county in that year; he was engaged in mer- chandising on the Rappahannock River, Essex County, KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA 353 with his brother, Samuel Richie, from 1761 to 1791. The family were all from Scotland, and they were doubtless the sons of James Richie, of James Richie & Company, who were merchants of Glasgow, Scotland, from 1767 to 1773. Robert Richie settled in Fred- ericksburg, where he died March 17th, 1790; he had a sister living there, Eleanora Richie; they were children of Archibald. George Richie, who was born in Fife- shire, Scotland, April 9th, 1792, also came over, and died October 30th, 1835. George Richie and his wife, Mary , had two sons, William and William D. Richie, and one daughter, Georgianna Richie. On tombstones in old St. John's churchyard the fol- lowing names are found : James Richie, died September 14th, 1838, at 24 years of age. His wife was Christina. They had children : James Richie, Jr., died at one year old. William Richie, born July 22d, 1800. Thomas Richie, died May 9th, 18 12. This Thomas Richie, known familiarly as " Baldy " Richie, married Thomas Roane's sister, and was father of Thomas Richie (always called " Tom Richie "), the great writer and author, who contolled the old Rich- mond Examiner and Enquirer, for so many years the most powerful Democratic organ in the South. Mr. Richie first took the old Examiner after the death of Meriwether Jones, its owner; later he changed its name to Examiner and Enquirer, having also bought in the latter paper. For forty years his trenchant pen was a terror and affliction to the Whig party, and so influ- ential was it that Mr. Jefferson himself would turn and say after one of his decisions, " I wonder what Tom Richie will say to that." Mr. Richie married a daughter of Mr. Foushee, the first mayor of Richmond, for whom Foushee Street was named, being then the limit of the corporation on the west. The children of Mr. Thomas Richie and Miss Foushee were: 1. George Harrison Richie. 2. Thomas Richie, Jr., who unfortunately killed, in 354 KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VIRGINIA a duel, John Hampden Pleasants, editor of the Rich- mon JVhig. 3. Isabella Richie, married Benjamin Harrison, of Lower Brandon, James River. 4. Charlotte Richie, married a GIttings of Balti- more, Md. 5. Virginia Richie, never married. 6. Margaret Richie, married Dr. Stern of Wash- ington, D. C., who was President Lincoln's family phy- sician. All of the above are burled In Hollywood, Richmond. The male line having run out makes the name extinct In Virginia. ROANE FAMILY First branch: (i) Charles; (2) Curtis, married Adams; (2) Allen, married Collier; (2) Frank, mar- ried Roane; (2) Charles, married Mitchell; (2) Elli- ott, married White; (2) Lilly and Sue, married Acree; (2) Spencer; (2) Warner, married Bland; (2) Joshua, married Newbill; (3) Rev. Hamilton; (3) Curtis, mar- ried Anderson; (3) Lemuel, married Bland and then Anderson; (3) Whitfield, married Bland; (3) Schuff, married Hart; (3) Emily, married Guthrie; (3) Irene, married Elliott; (3) Richard, married Bowden; (3) Luther, married Fary; (3) Charles, married two Roanes; (3) Allen; (3) Lucy, married Fary; (3) Upshur, married Roane and then Kemp; (3) Hays. Second branch: (i) Schuyler, married Newcomb; ( 1 ) James, married Clayton. (i) Schuyler; (2) John; (2) Austin; (2) Ruker, married Anderson; (2) Maria, married Bland; (2) In- dia and also (2) GInny, married Roane; (2) Sue, mar- ried Broaddus; (2) Betty, married Bowden. (i) James; (2) James; (2) Richard, married Hud- son; (2) Walton; (2) Corinna, married Callis; (2) Emma, married Newcomb; (2) Lula, married Sutton; (2) Blanche, married Douglass; (2) Ella. ROY FAMILY Thomas Roy settled Port Royal, Caroline County, in « s >. Byrd family, 326-327 Carlton, Alfred, 364 Cornelius, 364 George K., 364 Walter R., 364 Collins family, 327 Cook, Benjamin Pendleton, 364 Corbin family, 327-328, 380 Corr family, 328 Cosby, Leland C, 364 Councill, Colonel J. C., 364 Genealogies — Continued Courtney, Captain Robert, 365 family, 329-332 Cox, Dr. R. H., 365 Crittenden family, 328-329 Dickey family, 332 Diggs, Rev. Isaac, 365 Dew, Captain Billy D., 365 Dudley, Alexander, 365 family, 373-375 Eubank, Philip. 365 Fauntleroy family, 332-334 Fauntleroy, John, 365 Moore, 365 Samuel G., 365 Fleet family, 334-335 Gaines family and homes, 335- 336 Garnett family and homes, 337- 338 Govan family, 338 Gresham family, 338-340 Gwathmey, Temple G., 365-366 Hall, Mrs. Mary, 59 Hamilton, Governor, outwitted by Clark, 38, 39 Hampton Roads, 21 Harress, " Father " Samuel, 93 Harwood, Colonel Archibold R-, 307 Colonel Thomas Moore, 308 family, 340-341 Samuel Fauntleroy, 307:308 Haynes, Captain .CFbomas, 366 Henley, Joseph, 366 family, 341-342 Henshaw, Chaney, 366 Hill family and homes, 343-344 Hutchinson family, 344-345 Kidd, John, 366 Latane, Harry, 366 Lumpkin, Colonel Jacob, 378 Governor, 366 Lyne family, 345 Motley, John, 366 Muire, Thacker, 368 M\mn, George C, 366 Henry, 366 William S., 366 Other family names, 379-380 Pendleton, Captain J'ames, 367 Colonel, 366, 367 Pollard family, 345-351 Porter, C. W., 367 Purcell, James, 367 398 INDEX Genealogies — Continued Purks and other families, 369- 373 family, 352 Richie family, 352-354. 375 Rives, William C, 380 ^ Roane, Chief Justice Spencer, 376 family, 354, 375 Hon. John, 367 John, 367 William Henry, 376 Robinson family, 381 -- William, 367 Roy family, 354-356 Ryland family and homes, 356- 357 , ^ Saunders, Major W. C, 367 Scott, Rev. A. F., 367 Semple family, 358, 378 Shackelford family, 376-378 Richard, 376 Smith, James, 368 Stephens, Alex. H., 366 Street, Walker, 368 Major, N. B., 368 Taylor family, 380, 381 Todd family, 358-360 Thomas, 368 Vaughan, Chistopher C, 368 Walker family, 360-362 Thomas, 362-363, 368 Ware family, 363 White, Oliver W., 369 Williams, John, 369 Wright, Dr. John, 369 Goochland, 35 Govan family, 338 Gray's Elegy quoted, 58 Gregory family, 77 William, 74, 75 Gresham family, 338-340 Gwathmey, Temple G., 365-366 Gwathmeys, 69 Harvest, 262-263 Henning's " Statutes at Large," quoted, 42-55 Henry, Dr. W. S. B., 308-310 Patrick, 66, 119, 121, 123, 376; as Governor of Virginia, 37, 38 Henshaw, Chaney, 366 Hill, Colonel John, 76 family, 72, 73, 74, 76 family and homes, 343-344 "Hillsborough," 72 " Hockley Neck," 74 Hog-killing time, 268-269 Home guard in the Civil War, 129-138 How a Christian woman can die, 320-321 " Huntingdon," 77 Hutchinson family, 344, 345 ~ Indians, census of, at Jamestown (1607), 20 James II., 24 Jamestown, census of (1607- 1628), 20 census of Indians at (1607), 20 names represented at (1608-9), 18, 19; (1620), 19 settlers at (1625-1670), 19, 20 Jefferson, Thomas, 85, 121; act for establishing religious freedom in Virginia, 122- 124; in struggle for relig- ious freedom, 122, 123 Jones family, 310-31 1 Kaskaskia, capture of, 38 Kidd, John, 366 Kilpatrick's raid, 132 King and Queen county, antece- dents of, 17, 18 a tide-water county, 17 academies, schools and, 27, 85- bees and honey m, 33 boundaries of, 18 burgesses, representatives, etc., of, 384-391 climate of, 27 ; five years' aver- age, 28 churches and old homes of, 56- 85 colored people of, 277-285 distance from Washington, Richmond, Jamestown, and the Bay, 18 early settlers of, from 1625 on- ward, 22 factories, facilities for, 31 family and individual records. See Family and Individ- ual Records and Genea- logies fisheries of, 32 finances of, 33 INDEX 399 King and Queen County — Cont'd game in, 33 Genealogies of families of, see Genealogies geographical location, 17 grasses of, 31 health of, 27 in Civil War, 129-240 labor in, 32 lands — prices and capacities in, 29 latitude of, 18 legislative action concerning the formation of, 42-55 longitude of, 17 mail facilities of, 33 minerals of, 28 morals and churches of, 26 origin of, 24 origin of name of, 24 population in decades, from 1790 to 1900, 34 portraits in court house of, 391 poultry and eggs in, 31 progress and expansion from Jamestown, 21 public tobacco warehouses (1730), 46, 47, 50; com- pensation of, 46 relative position and population, 26 religious denominations in, 92- 126 reminiscences of, 79, 376-378 representatives in Burgesses, committees, convention, etc., 384-391 _ resources, climate, etc., of, 26 roads in, 33 roster of companies in Twenty- sixth Virginia Infantry: Company C, 139-140; Com- pany G, 140-141 ; Com- pany H, 141-142; Com- pany I, 143 ; Company K, 144-146 roster of companies in Fifth Virginia Cavalry: Com- pany E, 146-147 schools, public and private, 27, 85-91 sheep and wool, production of, 33 staple crops of, 28 surface and soil of, 28 timber in, 30, 31 King and Queen County — Cont'd trade in, 32 transportation in, 30 tobacco assessment due people from county, 49 vegetables and fruits of, 29 water in, 30 Knights of the Horse Shoe, 65, 379 " Laneville," 78 Latane, Bishop, iii, 112; resi- dence of, 68 Dr. Thomas, 35 Harry, 366 Lee, Robert E., 129; ancestral home of, 18 Lees, ancestral home of, i8 Life on the old plantation, 260- 276 Lincoln, President, 129 " Locust Grove," formerly " Rye Field," 70 Lumpkin, Colonel Jacob, 58, 62 family, 75, 76, 85 Governor, 82, 366 Lyne family, 345 William, 311 Madison, James, ancestral home of, 18; in struggle for re- ligious freedom, 125 Manakins, 21 (footnote) " Mantapike," 75 " Mantua," 73 Manakins, 21 (footnote) Matoax, or Mascot, 22 Mattapony (Lower St. Stephen's parish church), 60-64 church, 57 ; records of, 64, 65 ; restoration of, by Baptists, 57-59 River, 30, 36 McClellan, General, 129 Meade, Bishop, 63 ; extracts from his " Old Churches," 380- Methodism, 104-112; ministers active in, 107 ; preachers, 107; laymen, no, in; sta- tistics of, 109-112 Methodists, repression of, by church of England, 56 " Melrose," 76 Militia in 1781, 388 400 INDEX Ministers prominent in county, Modern church structures, 60 Monroe, ancestral home of, 18 " Montville," 66 Moores family, 77 Motley, John, 366 Muire, Thacker, 368 Murdock family, 311-312 "Necks" in, 17; neck No. 3, 18; northern, ancestral home of Washington, Madison, Monroe, Lees, 18 Negro character, sundry develop- ment of, 271-273; women, work of the, 267-268 Negroes, aristocracy among, 282- 283 ; general characteris- tics, 277-282. See also Colored People " Newington," 75, 85 " New Lights," 93 New Kent county, 24; first ap- pearance of name, 42, 43 " North Bank," 67 Nunn, George C, 366 Henry, 366 William, 366 " Old Brick " or Lower Church, 61-44, 95, 378; first minis- ter, 63 ; lay delegates, 63 ; other ministers, 63 ; use of, by Baptists, 64 " Old Church," 60, 83, 106, 109, 290; now used by Metho- dists, 60 "Old Churches" (Bishop Meade), extracts from, 380-383 Old homes and church houses, 56- Old Mattapony church, 64 Opecancanough, chief of Chicka- hominies, 22 Other families, 369-373; see also Family Records and Gene- alogies V Park Church," 291 "Parsons' Cause," 119 Pendleton, Captain James, 367 Colonel, 366, 367 Piankitank, 18 Pollard family, 345-351 H. R, 35 Priscilla, 318-319 Robert, 59, 64, 66 Robin, 67 Portraits in County Court House, 391 Porter family, 317-318 C. W., 367 Powhatan, domain of, 21 (foot- note) Presbyterians, repression of, by Church of England, 56 " Preskile," 67 Purcell, James, 367 Purks and other families, 352, 369-373 family, 352 Plantation, life on the old, 260- 276 "Pleasant Hill," 77 Pocahontas, 24; home of, 17 Poems: Her portrait, 245-246 Lines by Prof. Ryland, 246-247 Lines on the death of Robert M. Tabb, 250-251 My Birthday Wish, 243-244 My Mother, 241-243 The Empty Sleeve, 251-253 The Ocean, 247-249 To Mr. and Mrs. M. W. Wright on the death of their boy, 244-245 When the Laurels are Bloom- ing, 249-250 Pollard, Benjamin, 67 Colonel John, 35, 59, 86 Quakers, repression of, by Church of England, 56 Railroad, Richmond and Chesa- peake, 30 Records, diaries, etc., 149-191 Religious denominations, 92-126 freedom, winning of, 117-126 Representatives in House of Dele- gates (1781-1828), 384-385 in Legislature (1829-1899), 385- 386 Richmond and Chesapeake rail- road, 30 INDEX 401 ^' Richmond, evacuation of, 202-210; great day in, 275-276; operations from, to Appo- mattox, 192-203 Richie family, 352-354, 375 " Rickahoc," 73 Rights, Bill of, 121 Rives, William C, 380 Roane family, 68, 69, 73, 85, 354, 375, 377 Hon. John, 367 John, 68, 69, 76, 85, 367 Judge Spencer, 69 Roy family, 354-356 Robinson, William, 367 family, 77, 381 John (1664), 24 Rogers, George, 37 Giles, 36 Rolfe, John, 24 Rowe family, 77 Ruffin, Judge Thomas, 312-315 "Rye Field" ("Locust Grove"), 70 Ryland family and homes, 356- 357 Robert, A. M., M. D., 315 Saint Stephen's parish, 60, 61, 290; act dividing, 46; be- quest to, 68, 82; sale of glebe lands, 46, 47, 49 " Sandy Point," 74 Saunders, Major W. C, 367 Second Kilpatrick raid, 136 Scott, Rev. A. F., 315-317, 367 Semple family, 368, 378 Robert, 35, 11 3-1 15 Shackelford, 35 \ Shackelford family, 376-378 Shackford, Jos. W., letter of, 103, 104 (footnote) Sheridan's raid, 136 " Shoestring Country," 290 Skaife, Rev. John, 63 Slavery in Virginia, 295-296 Smith, Captain John, 17, biog- raphy of, 21 (footnote) ; explorations of, 21 Smith, James, 368 Southgate family, 88-91 James, letter of, 84, 85 So\itherland family, 77 Spears raid, 132, 133 Spottswood, Governor, 65, 83, 379 " Statutes at Large," Hennings, quoted, 42-55 Stephens, Hon. Alex. H., 82, 223 Steth, Rev. (1646), 24 Stratton Major parish, 43, 60, 290; empowered to sell glebe lands, 48 ; old parish church of, 79 ; register of, 79 Street, Major N. B., 368 Walker, 368 Taxation, indiscriminate, of citi- zens for Church of Eng- land, 56 Taylor family, \'bo, 381 Temple, Joseph, 67 71 Sir William, 67 Robert, 71 William, 69 "The Mount," f,.s "The New Chu'-c^" ioo " Tippecanoe and Tyler too," 276 Todd family, 65, 358-360 Rev. William, 59, 64, 113 Thomas, 368 William, (i(> William, 2d, df, Toddsbury, 65 " Todd's Meeting House," 64 Tunstall family, 71, 72 Varina, place of residence of Pocahontas and Rolfe, 24 Vaughan, Christopher C, 368 Virginia, Church of England in, 56 colony of, divided into eight shires, 43 journal of trip from Detroit to, 80, 81 loyalty of, 24 negroes imported to, 24 population of, in 1609, 23; in 1625, 23; in 1648, 23; in 1701, 23; in 1782, 24; population of, in 1701, compared with Connecti- cut, Maryland, Massachu- setts, New York, 23, 24 slave population of, in 1648, 23 4,02 INDEX ' Virginia — Continued slavery in, 295-296 taxation by consent, 24 value of a horse in, 1733, 24; cow and calf, 24 Volunteers, Thirty-fourth Regi- ment: address historic of Company K, 223-238 vote of secession, 129 women imported to, 24; cost of, in tobacco, 24 York River the boundary of, 23 "Virginians, The," 66 Virginia's fight for free religion, 117-126 Volunteers in Civil War, roster of, 133-147; see also Civil War. V 'rpinJs. address historic of Cora- p' _ '^ 223-238 Walkes family, 70, ^\ ^ 60-3 62 Jsrennah, 93 'Irionuis, 362-363, 36?; War of iSiz: rostei c King and .hiten county 9 Washington, George, 77, 379; ancestral home of, 18 Henry Edmond, 66 Washington and Lee University, Ware family, 363 Webster, Daniel> 275, 276 West Point, 22, 30, 79, 254-256; Colonial Church of, 79; established as a port, 45 West Point Land Company, 255 "White Hall," 69 White, Oliver W., 369 Winning of religious freedom, 117-126 Williams, John, 369 Williamsburg settled, 23 Women imported to Virginia, 24; cost of, in tobacco, 24 Wright, Dr. John, 369 York, 30 York River, dividing line in 1628, between red men and whites, 22; line re-estab- lished in 1646, 22 ^' ^i) 3. 4 ^0 <''^ ^ ^ ,-^" .^, >. ^.ji^/^ .-I^lL^"" 'b V'' i ■"..■-. ■ 'V \ --^ ^' o V 'A mm jii^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 005 344 000 9^ 11 ;if <....-.-j|