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ILLUSTRATED 
 
 STANDARD GUIDE, 
 
 TO 
 
 Norfolk and Portsmouth 
 
 City Hall — Bank Street, opposite City Hall Avenue 
 
 AND 
 
 Historical Events of Virginia 
 
 1607 to 1907 
 
 Jamestown Exposition Edition 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 STANDARD LITHOGRAPHING AND PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 NO RFOLK, VA. 
 
.rfMnwpBxw"" 1 ' 11 — ' 
 
 HAKY of QONGKCSS 
 
 vo Qopits Received 
 
 IAV 20 «9or 
 
 Copyright Entry 
 -o^y I- 0, 'jo/- 
 ISS^ ^| XXc, NO 
 
 Copyright, 1907, hy 
 The Standard Lithographing and Publishing Co. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 An Introduction to Norfolk and Portsmouth . . Page 5 
 
 Railroads " 10 
 
 Steamship and River Lines . " 12 
 
 Trolley Lines " 15 
 
 Automobile Lines " 17 
 
 Cabs, Hansoms, and Carriages " 17 
 
 Baggage Transfer Companies 19 
 
 Hotels "21 
 
 Summer Resort Hotels 29 
 
 Restaurants and Cafes 29 
 
 Boarding Houses 33 
 
 Post Office Substations 37 
 
 •A Tour Of Norfolk and Portsmouth " 39 
 
 Theaters and Other Places of Amusement ..." 53 
 
 Summer Resort Theaters 57 
 
 Parks ..." 57 
 
 Churches 59 
 
 Cemeteries 69 
 
 Seaside Resorts 71 
 
 River Steamer Trips 77 
 
 The Jamestown Exposition 87 
 
 The Jamestown Conventions . 94 
 
 Historical Events of Virginia 103 
 
An Introduction to Norfolk 
 and Portsmouth 
 
 A few years after the permanent establishment of Jamestown 
 (about 1619 a. d.), subordinate colonies were formed- and settle- 
 ments effected along the shores of Chesapeake Bay and its 
 tributaries, and, from among the sites selected along the Eliza- 
 beth River by the early English pioneers, Norfolk and Ports- 
 mouth have grown from what were once groups of log cabins, 
 surrounded by thick forests and stockaded against Indian 
 attacks, to prominent cities whose gates are now thrown open to 
 %he commerce of the world. 
 
 "Norfolk Towne" was founded August 16, 1682. The oldest 
 charter granted was to "Norfolk Borough" in 1736, and super- 
 ceded by the city charter in 1845. Portsmouth was incorporated 
 as a city in 1752, and Berkley (now the eighth ward of Norfolk) 
 was incorporated in 1890. While these are the principal cities, 
 numerous towns and outlying suburbs, such as West Norfolk, 
 South Norfolk, Pinners Point, Lambert's Point, Huntersville, 
 and Sewell's Point, located closely around, will within a very 
 short time unite with Norfolk and Portsmouth into "Greater 
 Norfolk." 
 
 No more admirable location for a great city can be found any- 
 where along the Atlantic Coast, and the coming of "Greater 
 Norfolk," the "Metropolis of the South," is as inevitable as the 
 rising of the sun toward which the "Eastern Gateway of the 
 United States" opens. 
 
 Modern business houses have replaced the structures of 
 colonial and ante-bellum days. Palatial hotels have arisen as if 
 by magic. Immense manufacturing plants, great banking 
 institutions, railway systems, and steamship lines concentrated 
 here indicate the wonderful progress of Norfolk and Portsmouth 
 along commercial, manufacturing, and agricultural lines. New 
 residential sections are quickly becoming densely populated. 
 Beautiful churches point their spires heavenward, and schools 
 with unsurpassed facilities evidence the rapid growth and 
 transformation of Norfolk and Portsmouth into one great city. 
 
City Hall — Bank Street 
 6 
 
INTRODUCTION TO NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 7 
 
 The Elizabeth River, along which these cities extend their 
 wharves and docks for several miles, forms the inner harbor, and 
 offers sufficient depth of waterway for the entrance of the largest 
 ships. Hampton Roads, the converging point of the Elizabeth, 
 the James, and the Nansemond rivers, forms the outer harbor. 
 Its great area, ample depth, and sheltered position render it a 
 haven of perfect safety for mariners seeking protection from out- 
 side storms. Here its waters intermingle with those of Chesa- 
 peake Bay, a vast body of water almost entirely landlocked by 
 Cape Charles and Cape Henry, a natural ocean gateway, through 
 which the exports of the central East, Southeast, and South 
 make their exit, and the imports of products from all the other 
 great nations may make their entrance into this country. 
 
 Located midway between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the 
 Gulf of Mexico, this harbor is the most magnificent along the 
 Atlantic Seaboard, and in size and importance is second to none 
 in the world. "Greater Norfolk" is located in latitude 36 50' 
 north, and in longitude 7 6° 19' west. The climate is mild and 
 healthful, and it is very rare that the temperature reaches 
 extremes during winter or summer. Statistics show that for a 
 period of fifteen years past the average maximum temperature 
 has been 97.47 ; the average minimum temperature 13.13 ; 
 and the average mean temperature 59.27 for the entire 
 period. The average precipitation has been 46.27 inches. 
 This is the best evidence of uniformity of temperature and 
 abundant rainfall. 
 
 ""-The territory immediately surrounding "Greater Norfolk" is 
 peculiarly adapted to truck farming, which is one of the principal 
 industries of tide -water Virginia. The fertile soil, regular rain- 
 fall, low freight rates, unequaled transportation facilities, and 
 the nearness to the large northern markets combine to make 
 this section the greatest trucking and shipping point in the South. 
 
 Eight great railroads and numerous steamship lines have, 
 their terminals here. 
 
 For the information of strangers visiting Norfolk, who desire 
 to find their way about the city without difficulty, it may be 
 well to state that Church Street, extending in a northerly direc- 
 tion from Nivison, is the principal thoroughfare from which all 
 cross streets of importance lead to the eastern and central parts 
 
Boardjoj Trade Building — Plume ami Atlantic Streets 
 
INTRODUCTION TO NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 9 
 
 of the city ; and Granby Street, extending in a _ northerly direc- 
 tion from Main, is the principal thoroughfare from which all 
 cross streets of importance lead to the western and central parts 
 of the city. These two streets practically divide .the old part 
 of the city into three sections. Main Street, which extends 
 entirely across the city, east and west, is the principal retail 
 thoroughfare in the downtown business district. All streets, 
 extending from Main in a southerly direction, lead to Water 
 Street, where the wholesale business district is located, and to 
 the various steamer piers along the water front. Beginning at 
 Main, the most important streets between Church and Granby 
 are Bank and Atlantic, the second of which leads into Brewer 
 Street These two thoroughfares extend as far north as Queen 
 Street . The retail stores line Main Street from Granby to Church , 
 and as far north on Church as Queen, along Bank to City Hall 
 Avenue, and along Granby as far as Charlotte Street. The princi- 
 pal cross streets running from Church to Granby are Plume, 
 City Hall Avenue, and Cove, Washington, Freemason, Charlotte» 
 Bute, and Queen streets. The most convenient routes for pedes- 
 trians to reach Brambleton (5th ward) are east through Holt 
 Street, or Queen Street and Brambleton Avenue. Park Place 
 (7th ward) is reached quickest, north through Granby Street- 
 Ghent and Atlantic City (6th ward) are reached conveniently s 
 west through Freemason, Bute, or York to Botetourt Street. 
 York Street continues west to Atlantic City Bridge, and Botetourt 
 north to Ghent Bridge. 
 
 View of Norfolk Navy Yard 
 
10 RAILROADS 
 
 Railroads 
 
 The Norfolk & Western Railway passenger and freight 
 depots and extensive yards are located at the foot of East Main 
 Street. This company also owns and operates the largest coal 
 piers in this country, which are located at Lambert's Point, and 
 millions of tons of coal are annually loaded into vessels by them 
 for shipment to all parts of the world. 
 
 Passenger trains leave Norfolk daily, 7.40 a. m. : Chicago 
 Express, parlor car to Roanoke; sleepers Roanoke to Columbus, 
 Cincinnati, and Knoxville ; dining car. 
 
 9.25 a. m. for Richmond. Connects at Petersburg for Roan- 
 oke, and at Richmond, except Sundays, for Washington, D. C. 
 
 4.30 p. m. for Richmond. Connects for Washington, D. C. 
 
 8 .00 p. m. for the South and West: Pullman sleepers; dining 
 car. 
 
 Trains arrive at Norfolk daily 8.45 a. m., 11.20 a. m., 5.20 
 p. m., and 10.00 p. m. Ticket office, 171 Main St., foot of 
 Granby. 
 
 The Norfolk & Southern Railroad passenger depot is located 
 at the corner of Park and Claiborne avenues, and may be reached 
 by the Norfolk & Portsmouth Traction Company's trolley cars 
 marked "Brambleton," eastbound on Granby or Main Street, 
 or northbound from the corner of Main and Bank streets. 
 Passenger trains leave Norfolk daily, except Sunday, 8.35 a. m- 
 and 4.45 p. m. for Elizabeth City, Hertford, Edenton, and inter- 
 mediate points. Express train leaves at 11.55 A - M - f° r Eliza- 
 beth City, Hertford, Edenton, Plymouth, Washington, and 
 Belhaven, N. C. Leave at 9.40 a. m. and 4.10 p. m. for Munden 
 Point daily, except Sunday. Excursion trains leave every 
 Sunday at 8.45 a. m. for Elizabeth City and Edenton, N. C. 
 Trains connect daily, except Sunday, at Elizabeth City with 
 steamers leaving Elizabeth City at 1.45 p. m. for Roanoke 
 Island (a point of great historical interest) . Trains arrive 10.45 
 a. m., 2 .00 p. m., and 5.10 p. m. daily, except Sunday. 
 
 The New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk Railroad (Cape 
 Charles Route) Company's passenger and freight depots are 
 located at the foot of Brooke Avenue. Trains for Wilmington, 
 Philadelphia, and New York. Steamers leave Portsmouth 7 . 2 5 
 
RAILROADS 11 
 
 a. Rf. and 5 .30 p. m. ; leave Norfolk at 7 .45 a. m. and 6.15 p. m. ; 
 leave Old Point 8.40 a. m. and 7.20 p. m., connecting with 
 trains at Cape Charles, Va. Trains arrive Norfolk 7.30 p. m. 
 and 8.45 a. m.; arrive Portsmouth 7.45 p. m. and 9.05 a. m. 
 Trains connect with all rail and water lines to and from Boston, 
 Providence, and all New England points. Ticket office, corner 
 Granby Street and City Hall Avenue. 
 
 The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company's passenger and 
 freight depots are located at the foot of Brooke Avenue. It 
 also has extensive yards, coal piers, and grain elevators located 
 at Newport News, Va. Steamer leaves Norfolk daily at 6.45 
 a. m., 9.15 a. m., and 4.30 p. m. Connect at Newport News with 
 trains for Richmond and western points. Ticket office, 69 
 Granby Street. 
 
 The Seaboard Air Line Railway Company's passenger depot 
 is located at the foot of High Street, Portsmouth, within half a 
 block of the Norfolk and Portsmouth ferries. Its extensive 
 freight yards and warehouses occupy a large portion of Ports- 
 mouth's water front. Trains leave Norfolk (via ferry) 8 . 48 a. m. 
 and 8.12 p. m. Leave Portsmouth 9.15 a. m. and 8.30 p. m. 
 Trains arrive daily Portsmouth, 7.45 a. m. and 5. 20 p. m. 
 Ticket office, corner Main and Granby streets. 
 
 The Atlantic Coast Line R. R. Company's passenger and 
 freight depots are located at the corner of Water and Matthews 
 streets. Its freight yards and terminals are located at Port. 
 Norfolk, adjoining Pinners Point. Trains leave Norfolk daily 
 at 8.40 a. m. and 4.00 p. m. Trains arrive daily 1.00 p. m. 
 (except Sunday) and 5.55 p. m. Ticket office, 171 Main Street. 
 
 The Tidewater Railway passenger depot is located at the foot 
 of East Main Street, and its immense freight terminals and coal 
 piers are located at Sewells Point. This is a new railway com- 
 pany which has just entered Norfolk, and has not yet completed 
 the work of laying its rails, that will extend from the coal fields 
 of West Virginia, where it connects with the Deepwater Railway 
 for western points. Passenger service has not yet been inaugu- 
 rated, consequently no schedule is published. The principal 
 business of this road at present is the transportation of large 
 quantities of coal from the mines in West Virginia direct to 
 Sewells Point, where itis loaded into vessels. 
 
12 STEAMSHIP AND RIVER LINES 
 
 Steamship and River Lines 
 
 Baltimore Steam Packet Co. (Old Bay Line) for Old Point 
 and Baltimore. Passenger and freight piers are located at west 
 end of Main Street. Steamers leave Portsmouth 5.30 p. m., 
 Norfolk 6.20 p. m., and Old Point 7.30 p. m., daily, except 
 Sunday. Connect at Baltimore for Philadelphia and New York 
 with Pennsylvania R. R. and Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Steamers 
 arrive Norfolk 7.00 a. m. and Portsmouth 8.30 a. m. Ticket 
 office, corner Main and Granby streets. 
 
 Chesapeake Steamship Co. (New Bay Line) for Old Point 
 and Baltimore. Passenger and freight pier is located at foot 
 of Jackson Street. Steamers leave Norfolk 6 .00 p. m., Old Point 
 7 .00 p. m. Connect at Baltimore with Pennsylvania R. R. and 
 
 Epwor'-h M. E Church — Freemason and Boush Streets 
 
STEAMSHIP AND RIVER LINES 13 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio for Philadelphia and New York. Ticket 
 office, 95 Granby Street. . 
 
 Clyde Steamship Co. for Philadelphia and Richmond. 
 Passenger and freight piers, Water Street, foot of Madison 
 Street. Sailings for Philadelphia Monday, Wednesday, and 
 Saturday. Ticket office at company's pier. 
 
 Merchants & Miners Transportation Co. for Boston and 
 Providence. Passenger and freight piers are located at west end 
 of Main Street. Steamers sail for Boston, Sunday, Tuesday, 
 Wednesday, and Friday at 6 .00 p. m. For Providence, Monday, 
 Thursday, and Saturday at 6.00 p. m. Ticket office at com- 
 pany's pier. 
 
 Norfolk & Washington, D. C, Steamboat Co. for Old Point, 
 Alexandria, and Washington. Passenger and freight pier is 
 located at west end of Water Street. Steamers leave Norfolk 
 daily 6.00 p. M.-, Old Point 7.00 p. m. Arrive Alexandria 6.30 
 a. m., Washington 7.00 a. m. Connecting with Pennsylvania 
 R. R. and Baltimore & Ohio for Philadelphia and New York. 
 Ticket office, corner Granby and Plume streets. 
 
 The Old Dominion Steamship Co. Daily sailings for New 
 York. Passenger and freight piers are located at the corner 
 Water and Church streets. Steamers leave Norfolk at 7 . 00 p. m. 
 
 Night James River Line, for Newport News and Richmond. 
 Leave Norfolk at 7.00 p. m., touching at Newport News at 
 8 .00 p. 
 
 Day River Lines. Leave daily for Old Point, 6.30 and 1 1 . 1 5 
 a. m. and 4.15 p. m. ; for Hampton, n . 15 a. m. and 4.15 p. m.; 
 for Newport News and Smithfield, 6.40 a. m. and 3.00 p. m.; 
 for East, North, and Severn rivers, Monday, Wednesday, and 
 Friday, 6.30 a. m.; for East and Ware rivers, Tuesday, Thurs- 
 day, and Saturday. 6.30 a. m.; for Nansemond River and 
 Suffolk, 3 .00 p. m. 
 
 Virginia Navigation Co., for Old Point, Newport News, and 
 Richmond. Passenger and freight pier is located on Water 
 Street, foot of Madison Street. Steamer leaves Norfolk Tuesday, 
 Thursday, and Saturday at 7 .00 a. m., Old Point at 8.00 a. m., 
 and Newport News at 9.00 a. m. Steamer touches at all of the 
 principal historical James River landings. 
 
14 
 
TROLLEY DINES 15 
 
 Trolley Lines 
 
 Bay Shore Terminal Co. Cars leave corner Church and 
 Plume streets every few minutes west and north bound for Park 
 Place, Lafayette Park, and Ocean View. Portsmouth Traction 
 Co., Sewells Point division. 
 
 Norfolk and Portsmouth Traction Co. express trains leave 
 passenger station, corner City Hall Avenue and Atlantic 
 Street, for Pine Beach and Newport News 7 .30 a. m. and every 
 one and one-half hours until 9.00 p. m. Regular trains leave 
 passenger station every few minutes for Pine Beach and the 
 Jamestown Exposition Grounds. 
 
 Ocean View Division, for Ocean View, Jamestown Exposition 
 Grounds, Willoughby Beach, and Old Point. Express trains 
 leave Norfolk west end of Main Street every hour for Old 
 Point from 7.00 a. m. until 9.00 p. m. Regular Ocean View 
 trains leave every fifteen minutes from 6. 30 a. m. to 11. 00 p. m., 
 connecting at Ocean View for Jamestown Exposition Grounds. 
 City Division— main line cars run to and from Lafayette Park 
 and Ghent, via Church, Main, and Granby streets. 
 
 Brambleton via Queen Street. Cars leave corner Main and 
 Bank streets, northbound, passing through Queen Street, and 
 Brambleton Avenue to North Brambleton, there making a loop 
 and returning to starting point. 
 
 Lamberts Point Division. Cars run to and from Lafayette 
 
 Park and Lamberts Point via Church, Main, and Granby streets, 
 
 and through Ghent, Brambleton, and Atlantic City Division. 
 
 Cars run to and from Brambleton and Atlantic City ward via 
 
 Park Avenue, Main, Granby, York, and Front streets, returning 
 
 through Ghent and Bute Street. Riverview cars leave corner 
 
 of Main and Granby streets, northbound, every thirty minutes 
 
 via Granby, 18th, and Church streets, returning over same 
 
 route, passing Lafayette Park in both directions. Transfers are 
 
 interchangeable on all the city and Ocean View cars of this 
 
 company. 
 
 Berkley Division. Cars leave City Hall and Monticello 
 
 avenues every thirty minutes for Berkley Ward, Money Point, 
 
 and Lakeside Park. 
 2 
 
A UTOMOBILE LINES 17 
 
 Portsmouth Division. Cars for navy yard, Pinners Point, 
 Port Norfolk, Battery Park, Park View and cemeteries, Piedmont 
 Heights, Gilmerton, and other suburban points, leave corner 
 High and Water streets every ten minutes, traversing all the 
 principal streets of Portsmouth. 
 
 Automobile Lines 
 
 The Virginia Automobile Company. 
 
 K. R. Harmon. 
 
 C. O. Morse. 
 
 A. A. O'Neill & Bro. 
 
 Cars for private parties may be obtained by applying at 
 almost all the leading hotel offices. 
 
 Seeing Norfolk car leaves corner of Main and Granby streets 
 at regular intervals for special tours of the city. Tickets on sale 
 at Atlantic Hotel office. Cars may be hired by the hour or day 
 from the above mentioned concerns by private parties desiring 
 to make special trips. 
 
 Cabs, Hansoms, and Carriages 
 
 Vehicles of all kinds may be hired by the hour or day from 
 the following concerns: 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 W. P. Boyce, 1 08 Union Street. 
 Chas. E. Crull, 233-237 Charlotte Street. 
 W. J. Davis, 61-65 Cove Street. 
 W. T. Gilchrist & Co., 355-357 Church Street. 
 H ann an & Kelly, 56-60 Union Street. 
 A. C. Ives, 76-78 Church Street. 
 
 Monticello Avenue Stables, Monticello Avenue near 
 Washington Street. 
 
 Norfolk Cab & Carriage Co., 110-112 Church Street. 
 Virginia Boarding & Livery Stables, 119-121 Church St. 
 M. C. Newton, 87-89 Union Street. 
 Willis, Williamson & Co., 88-94 Union Street. 
 
18 
 
CABS, HANSOMS, AND CARRIAGES 19 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 John C. Curling, 916 South Street. 
 
 P. C. Codd, 319-331 King Street. 
 
 Wm. J. Davis, 216 King Street. 
 
 Model Livery & Boarding Stables, 215 County Street. 
 
 Palace Livery & Boarding Stables, 607-609 Middle St. 
 
 Westbrook & Dunn, 203 South Water Street. 
 
 Baggage Transfer Companies 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 J. G. Bray & Co., 40 Smith Street. 
 
 City Express Co., Water Street, foot of Nebraska. 
 
 H. Crockin Corporation, 466 Church Street. 
 
 Harrison Transfer Co., 245 Main Street. 
 
 Hulchers Express, 88 Roanoke Avenue. 
 
 Irwins Express Co., 87 Plume Street. 
 
 Norfolk & Portsmouth Transfer Co., 2 Granby Street. 
 
 Trice Transfer Co., nth & Granby streets. 
 
 Union Express Co., 108 Commercial Place. 
 
 Virginia Baggage Transfer Co., 82 Granby Street. 
 
 Withys Norfolk & Portsmouth Co., 221 Main Street. 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Wm. T. Dewberry, 434 Lincoln Street. 
 
 Chas. H. Eckert, 401 Effingham Street. 
 
 John T. Judkins, 714 County Street. 
 
 Frank H. Piedmont, 818 Cook Street. 
 
 Walsh Bros., corner High and Water streets. 
 
 Nearly all of the above mentioned transfer companies have 
 wagons which meet every incoming train and steamer, and 
 visitors arriving may have their baggage delivered to any part 
 of the city for a small charge. Travelers departing from Norfolk 
 or Portsmouth may, by calling any of these transfer companies 
 by telephone, have a wagon come for and deliver their baggage 
 to any railway station or steamer wharf in the cities, at a nominal 
 cost. 
 
National Bank of Commerce Building— Main and Atlantic Streets 
 
 20 
 
HOTELS— AMERICAN PLAN 21 
 
 Hotels 
 
 The most important hotels are centrally located within the 
 business district, and convenient to all the railways and steam- 
 ers, and as in most other large cities, they are run on three 
 plans: American, European, and Combination. 
 
 THE AMERICAN PLAN. At these hotels, rooms, meals 
 at stated hours, and attendants are furnished at rates varying 
 from $2 .00 per day up. When guests register under this plan, 
 the charge begins with the meal supposed to be spread at the 
 time, unless when the name is placed on the book, the clerk is 
 instructed to note (if guests arrive after supper) lodging instead. 
 The same rule holds good for guests who are departing; if they 
 do not intend to remain until supper, the clerk must be notified 
 so as to close accounts immediately after dinner. The principal 
 hotels in Norfolk and Portsmouth operating on the American 
 plan, with rates charged, are as follows: 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Algonquin Hotel, Granby Street and College Place — $2 .50 
 per day and tip. 
 
 Atlantic Hotel, Main and Granby streets — $2.50 per day 
 and up. 
 
 Colonial Hotel, 202 Granby Street — $2 .00 per day and up. 
 
 The Burgess, Boush Street and College Place — $1.50 per 
 day and up. 
 
 Hotel Fairfax, City Hall Avenue and Randolph Street. 
 
 St. Denis Hotel, corner Main Street and Roanoke Avenue. 
 
 Gladstone Hotel, Main and Nebraska streets — $2.00 per 
 day and up. 
 
 Hotel Neddo, Plume Street, near Granby — $2.50 per day 
 and up. 
 
 Lynnhaven Hotel, Freemason and Granby streets. 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Hotel Monroe, Court and High streets — $2 . 50 per day and 
 up. 
 
 Hotel Lafayette, Crawford and High streets — $t.oo per 
 day and up. 
 
HOTELS— EUROPEAN PLAN 23 
 
 EUROPEAN PLAN. Hotels operating on this plan provide 
 rooms ranging from $1.00 to $3 .00 or more per day, according 
 to the location, and the manner in which they are fitted up, and 
 guests desiring meals at these hotels are served same, at moderate 
 prices, in the regular European dining room. The most promi- 
 nent hotels operating on this plan, with rates charged, are as 
 follows : 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Algonquin Hotel, Granby Street and College Place — $1 .00, 
 per day and up. 
 
 Atlantic Hotel, Main and Granby streets — $1.00 per day 
 and up . 
 
 Colonial Hotel, 202 Granby Street — $1 .00 per day and up. 
 
 Hotel Fairfax, City Hall Avenue and Randolph Street. 
 
 Hotel Lorraine, Granby and Tazewell streets — $1.50 per 
 day and up . 
 
 The Monticello, City Hall Avenue and Granby Street — 
 $1 . 50 per day and up. 
 
 Gladstone Hotel, Main and Nebraska streets — $1.00 per 
 day and up . 
 
 Hotel Neddo, Plume Street near Granby — $1.00 per day 
 and up. 
 
 Haddington Hotel, Granby Street and City Hall Avenue. 
 
 Hotel Savoy, Granby Street and City Hall Avenue. 
 
 Carolina Hotel, Atlantic and Plume streets. 
 
 St. Denis Hotel, Main Street and Roanoke Avenue. 
 
 Terminal Hotel, Plume and Atlantic streets — $1.00 per 
 day and up. 
 
 Henry Seelinger, 39-41 City Hall Avenue. 
 
 Lynnhaven Hotel, Freemason and Granby streets. 
 
 Union Hotel, 35 Brewer Street— 50 cents per day and up. 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Hotel Monroe, Court and High streets — $1 .00 per day and 
 up. 
 
 Hotel Lafayette, Crawford and High streets — $1.00 per 
 day and up. 
 
 Pearson's Hotel, High and Water streets — $1.25 per day 
 and tip. 
 
Y. M. C. A.— Main Street 
 24 
 
PROMINENT HOTELS 25 
 
 Stag Hotels 
 
 The Lee Stag Hotel, 97 Bank Street. 
 McDonalds, Main Street and Commercial Place. 
 Victoria, 359-361 Main Street. 
 Henry Seelinger, 39-41 City Hall Avenue. 
 
 Colored Hotels 
 
 The Philadelphia House, 322 Church Street. European 
 only — 50 cents per day and up. 
 
 Tanners Hotel, 663-665 Church Street, American — $1.50 
 per day and up; European, $1 .00 per day and up. 
 
 These colored hotels cater to the best class of colored trade. 
 
 Some of the Prominent Hotels 
 
 For the benefit of visitors, the following information is given 
 concerning the most prominent hotels: 
 
 The Atlantic Hotel is the oldest in name in the city. The 
 present handsome 7-story building, at the corner of Main and 
 Granby streets, has replaced the structure which was burned 
 several years ago, during Norfolk's great fire. This is a modern 
 hotel, and one of the features is a rathskeller for ladies and 
 gentlemen. 
 
 The Monticello is on City Hall Avenue, and occupys the 
 entire block between Granby Street and Monticello Avenue. 
 This is a practically new 6-story fire-proof building, with all 
 modern improvements, and the design is very unique and 
 attractive. The magnificent and spacious lobby is a feature of 
 this famous hostelry. It is conducted on the European plan, 
 exclusively. 
 
 The Hotel Lorraine is on the corner of Granby and Tazewell 
 streets. This is a new 7 -story building, with all modern improve- 
 ments, and is fire-proof. While it is not considered a very large 
 hotel, it is one of the handsomest in design and equipment in the 
 South. The principal features of this hotel are an elegant cafe 
 for ladies and gentlemen, and a very attractive stag grill room. 
 
The Citizens Bank — Main Street 
 
 26 
 
PROMINENT HOTELS 27 
 
 Hotel Fairfax is located on City Hall Avenue, corner of 
 Randolph Street. This .hotel has just been completed. It is an 
 8-story fire-proof building of the most modern construction and 
 improvements, and is a notable addition to Norfolk's rapidly 
 increasing list of handsome hotels. 
 
 The Lynnhaven. This magnificent hotel has also just been 
 completed. It stands at the corner of Freemason and Granby 
 streets. The building is 10 stories high, modern in every 
 particular, fire-proof, and is furnished in a most luxurious 
 manner. It contains elegant cafes and rathskeller for ladies 
 and gentlemen. 
 
 AUDITORIUM CAFE 
 
 169 MAIN STREET 
 
 Service a la carte 
 The Place to Dine 
 Best the Market Affords 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 AUDITORIUM CAFE, CO. 
 
 W. B, BOHART, Manager. 
 
28 
 
SUMMER RESORT HOTELS 29 
 
 Summer Resort Hotels 
 
 For the information of visitors who may desire to secure 
 hotel accommodations outside of, yet near Norfolk, and con- 
 venient to the city as well as the Jamestown Exposition grounds, 
 the following list is given : 
 
 The Princess Anne Hotel, Virginia Beach, Va. 
 
 The Arlington, Virginia Beach, Va. 
 
 Mount Vernon, Virginia Beach, Va. 
 
 Ocean House, Virginia Beach, Va. 
 
 Randolph Inn, Virginia Beach, Va. 
 
 Cape Henry Hotel, Cape Henry, Va. 
 
 Ocean View Hotel, Ocean View, Va. 
 
 Willoughby Beach Hotel, Willoughby Beach, Va. 
 
 Chamberlin Hotel, Old Point, Va. 
 
 Sherwood Inn, Old Point, Va. 
 
 Pine Beach Hotel, Pine Beach, Va. 
 
 Hotel Virginia, Pine Beach, Va. 
 
 Maryland Avenue Hotel, Pine Beach, Va. 
 
 Hotel Colombo, Pine Beach, Va. 
 
 In addition to the above, there are numerous smaller first- 
 class hotels and boarding houses at these resorts, where visitors 
 may secure rooms and board. 
 
 Restaurants and Cafes 
 
 There are numerous cafes and restaurants in Norfolk and 
 Portsmouth, the most prominent of which are located within the 
 business sections of these cities, and visitors may readily find a 
 comfortable place where meals or lunches are served at all hours 
 of the day and night. There are also a number of smaller 
 restaurants and dairy lunch rooms, which are scattered along 
 the shopping streets. A list of the most prominent restaurants 
 and cafes is given below. 
 
 Auditorium Cafe, Main Street, opposite Atlantic Hotel. 
 
 The Atlantic Hotel Cafe, 14 Granby Street. 
 
 Hudson's English Kitchen, 347 Main Street. 
 
 James Jones, 221-227 Main Street. 
 
 Linn's Cafe, 134 Plume Street. 
 
 Linn's Grill Room, 54 Bank Street. 
 
30 
 
RESTAURANTS AND CAFES 31 
 
 The Monticello Hotel Cafe, corner Granby Street and 
 City Hall Avenue. 
 
 The Atlantic Hotel Rath-skeller, Main, corner Granby 
 Street. 
 
 The Lorraine Hotel Cafe, Granby, corner Tazewell Street. 
 
 The Lorraine Hotel Rath-sk,eller (stag), Granby, corner 
 Tazewell Street. 
 
 Steve Seelenger's, io Bank Street. Cafe, first floor; 
 dining room, second floor. 
 
 The Tazewell Cafe, Tazewell Building, corner of Granby 
 Street and Brooke Avenue. 
 
 Terminal Cafe, 120 Plume Street. 
 
 Lynnhaven Hotel Cafe, corner Freemason and Granby 
 streets. 
 
 Merrimac Cafe, corner Freemason and Boush streets. 
 
 Algonquin Hotel Cafe, comer Granby Street and College 
 Place. 
 
 The Victoria Hotel Cafe (stag), Main Street. 
 
 Fairfax Hotel Cafe, City Hall Avenue, corner Randolph St. 
 
 Hotel Neddo Cafe, 68-76 Plume Street. 
 
 Washington House Cafe (stag), 379 Main Street. 
 
 Henry Seelinger, 39-41 City Hall Avenue. 
 
 St. Denis Cafe, corner Main Street and Roanoke Avenue. 
 Cafe, first floor; dining room, second floor. 
 
 St. Elmo Cafe, Roanoke Avenue. 
 
 Hopkin's Cafe, 59 Bank Street. 
 
 Haughwaut Cafe, 164 Church Street. 
 
 Amos P. Jordan, 7 Bank Street. 
 
 Jamestown Cafe, 19 City Hall Avenue. 
 
 Heelan's Lunch Room, corner Bank and Plume streets. 
 
 Merchants' Cafe, Bank Street, corner Williams. 
 
 Edward G. Brock, 11-13 Monticello Avenue. 
 
 Union Restaurant, 35 Brewer Street. 
 
 Crown Lunch Room, No. i, Commercial Place, near ferry 
 entrance. 
 
 Crown Lunch Room, No. 2, City Hall Avenue, opposite 
 Fairfax Hotel. 
 

 
 '-ijM jfl ■$ 
 
 •'M.'flH 
 
 lip f ^i Hi '• ' » 
 
 
 jm 
 
 
 1 
 
 * 
 
 % 
 
 
 •■^Bfe » i 
 
 
 32 
 
BOARDING HOUSES, NORFOLK 33 
 
 McDonald's Lunch Room, Main Street and Commercial 
 Place. 
 
 McDonald's Lunch Room, 231 Main Street. 
 
 McDonald's Lunch Room, 38 Granby Street. 
 
 Shelley's Lunch Room, No. i, 113 Commercial Place. 
 
 Shelley's Lunch Room, No. 2,357 Main Street. 
 
 Among the most popular places in Norfolk are : 
 
 St. Denis Hotel, corner Main Street and Roanoke Avenue. 
 
 Steve Seelinger's, 10 Bank St. 
 
 Henry Seelinger's, 39-41 City Hall Avenue. 
 
 Auditorium Cafe, Main Street, opposite Atlantic Hotel. 
 
 These dining rooms have been fitted up in attractive and 
 luxurious manner, for the comfort and pleasure of guests. 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Hotel Monroe Cafe, corner Court and High streets. 
 Hotel Lafayette Cafe, Crawford, corner High Street. 
 Pearson's Cafe (stag), High, corner Water Street. 
 Mooney's Lunch Room, 103 High Street. 
 Hughe's Lunch Room, 116 High Street. 
 
 Boarding Houses, Norfolk 
 
 Mrs. Fannie H. Dunn, 145 Bute Street. 
 
 E. Kelley, 124 Botetourt Street. 
 
 Mrs. L. M. Johnson, 161 Botetourt Street, 
 Mrs. E. R. Bohannon, 339 Boush Street. 
 M. M. Miller, 369 Boush Street. 
 
 F. A. Warren, 812 Boush Street. 
 Geo. H. Lewis, 807 Boush Street. 
 Mrs. J. Grimes, 408 Boush Street. 
 Mrs. M. A. Lawler, ioi Bank Street. . 
 Mrs. M. I. Martin, 109 Bank Street. 
 Mrs. M. E. Spruill, 116 Bank Street. 
 Mrs. I. L. Sykes, 187 Bank Street. 
 Mrs. M. A. Williams, 254 Bank Street. 
 Mrs. W. T. Dey, 123 Bute Street. 
 
 W. M. Moore, 137 Bute Street. 
 Mrs. A. D. Field, 227 Bute Street. 
 
Virgima Club — Plume and Granby Streets 
 
 34 
 
BOARDING HOUSES, NORFOLK 35 
 
 Mrs. S. J. Whitetony, 269 Bute Street. 
 
 Mrs. S. B. Polland, 280 Bute Street. 
 
 Mrs. A. B. Exall, 294 Bute Street. 
 
 Mrs. T. M. Garret, 346 Bute Street. 
 
 Mrs. A. B. Williams, 142 Charlotte Street. 
 
 J. H. Henley, 412 Duncan Avenue. 
 
 W. L. Travence, 432 Duncan Avenue. 
 
 Mrs. L. O. Eaton, 143 Duke Street. 
 
 Mrs. Maggie Gallop, 192 Duke Street. 
 
 Mrs. M. T. Wilkins, 200 Fort Street. 
 
 Mrs. J. P. Adams, 208 Fort Street. 
 
 Mrs. Charles Stellwell, 212 Fort Street 
 
 Mrs. Anderson, 344 Freemason Street. 
 
 Mrs. Simmonds, 405 Freemason Street. 
 
 Mrs. Starr, 477 Freemason Street. 
 
 Mrs. M. G. Roberts, 479 Freemason Street. 
 
 Mrs. M. N. Bagley, 481 Freemason Street. 
 
 Mrs. Harris, 521 Freemason Street. 
 
 Mrs. Murray, 32 Boissevain Avenue. 
 
 F. H. Smith, 415 Fairfax Avenue. 
 
 Geo. Goode, 208 Gibbs Avenue. 
 
 Mrs. Homer Atkinson, 189 Granby Street. 
 
 Mrs. B. M. Nussears, 191 Granby Street. 
 
 The Indiana, 285 Granby Street. 
 
 The Virginian, 231 Granby Street. 
 
 Mrs. Johnson, 322 Graydon Avenue. 
 
 Mrs. Barclay, 338 Graydon Avenue. 
 
 M. Cannon, 418 Hamilton Avenue. 
 
 L. M. Black, 497 Hamilton Avenue. 
 
 Mrs. W. S. Winner, 280 Lewellyn Avenue. 
 
 L. E. Wilson, 200 Mason Avenue. 
 
 Mrs. Caggen, 511 Mowbray Arch. 
 
 Mrs. V. Hodges, 621 Mowbray Arch. 
 
 Mrs. Newman, 711 Mowbray Arch. 
 
 The Raleigh, 72 York Place. 
 
Confederate Monument — Main Street and Commercial Place 
 
 36 
 
BOARDING HOUSES, PORTSMOUTH 37 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Mrs. Bertha V. Albertson, 200 Court Street. 
 
 Miss Lizzie Mulholland, 701 Court Street. 
 
 Miss Fannie Trant, 706 Court Street. 
 
 Mrs. Ann E. Aydelott, 408 County Street. 
 
 Mrs. Lula Johnson, 703 County Street. 
 
 Mrs. Mary V. Minton, 704 County Street. 
 
 Mrs. Jennie Watkins, 818 Dinwiddie Street. 
 
 Mrs. Myra C. Weaver, 407 Dinwiddie Street. 
 
 Miss Meta Wigg, 319 Crawford Street. 
 
 Mrs. Bettie T. Lumley, 404 Middle Street. 
 
 Mrs. V. M. Matthews, 408 Middle Street. 
 
 Mrs. S. F. Langley, 806 Middle Street. 
 
 Mrs. W. W. Nee, 220 High Street. 
 
 Mrs. Ada L. Moore, 50.7 North Street. 
 
 Crawford House, 201 Queen Street. 
 
 Visitors who desire the services of a reliable company, who 
 arrange accommodations, will find it to their advantage to 
 address or call on the Tourists & Hotel Exchange, 26 Plume 
 Street, Norfolk, Va. This company will book quarters for $1.00 
 per person. 
 
 P. 0. Substations 
 
 Smother's Drug Store, Lamberts Point. 
 Machen Bros. Grocery, 27th and Granby streets. 
 Taylor's Pharmacy, Park and Brambleton aves. 
 Atlantic City Pharmacy, 40 E. Avenue A. 
 Weisel's Drug Store, Church and Queen streets. 
 Moore's Drug Store, Granby and Charlotte sts. 
 Bilisoly's Drug Store, Church Street and Johnson 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 No. 7. 
 Avenue. 
 
 No. 8. Bilisoly's Drug Store, Botetourt Street and 
 Ghent Bridge. 
 
 No. 9. Hurdles' Grocery, Myers Avenue and 36th Street. 
 
 No. 10. Holmes' Drug Store, 196 Main Street, opposite 
 Citizens Bank. 
 
 No. 11. McKimmies Drug Store, Church and Holt streets. 
 
 No. 12. Berkley (8th ward) branch. 
 
:;s 
 
A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 39 
 
 A Tour of Norfolk and Portsmouth 
 
 The most convenient point for starting on a tour of the cities 
 is at the corner of City Hall Avenue and Bank Street, as it is 
 there the visitor may obtain a good view of the City Hall, which 
 is situated on Bank Street between Williams and Cove. The 
 City Hall is a large, three-story brick and stone building of 
 colonial design, surmounted by a lofty dome, and surrounded 
 by spacious grounds covering an entire block. It was erected 
 in the year 1847, and is designated as the actual center of old 
 Norfolk. Qn the first floor are located the Corporation Court 
 and the Court of Law and Chancery ; on the second floor are the 
 halls of the Common Council and Board of Aldermen and Cir- 
 cuit Court, the third floor being entirely used for the preservation 
 of old city records. The Mayor's office, the office of the Clerk 
 of the Corporation Court, and the City Dispensary occupy 
 smaller buildings on the grounds in the rear of the City Hall. 
 
 Proceeding in a westerly direction through City Hall Avenue, 
 and just before turning into Atlantic Street, a view may be had 
 of the City Market Building and Armory Hall, an immense three- 
 story brick building covering the entire block surrounded by 
 City Hall Ave., Brewer St., Courtney St., and Monticello Ave. 
 The offices of the Water Department occupy a portion of the 
 ground floor, the remainder being used by the City Market. 
 On the second floor are the offices of the Board of Control, 
 City Treasurer, Auditor, City Collector, City Engineer, and 
 Commissioner of Revenue; also on this floor is the Armory' 
 Hall. This hall is one of the largest in the South, being 156 feet 
 long and 92 feet wide, with hanging galleries around the entire 
 interior. It has a seating capacity of about 6,000. On the 
 third floor are located the quarters and social halls of the Norfolk 
 Light Artillery Blues and Companies A, B, and E of the Seventy- 
 First Virginia Regiment. Directly opposite the City Market 
 and Armory Building, and on the northwest corner of City Hall 
 Ave. and Atlantic St., is the station of the Norfolk & Atlantic 
 Terminal Co. (Sewell's Point division of the Norfolk 8c Ports- 
 
40 A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 
 
 mouth Traction Co.). Turning into Atlantic Street, and going 
 toward Main, you pass the Board of Trade Building, a modern 
 seven-story commercial and office building of red brick and buff 
 trimmings, situated at the northeast corner of Plume and Atlantic 
 streets. The entire seventh floor is occupied by the Board of 
 Trade and Business Men's Association. On the southwest 
 corner of Plume and Atlantic streets stands the U. S. Post Office 
 and Court House Building, a monumental structure of Rennais- 
 sance design, simple and dignified in its main outlines. The 
 external measurements of the building are 91 feet on Plume 
 Street by 120 feet on Atlantic Street, three stories in height. 
 The materials used for facing exterior walls are Indiana lime- 
 stone and brick. There are two entrances leading to the first floor, 
 or Post Office lobby, the main entrance being on Plume Street, 
 and another entrance on Atlantic Street ; both of them lead to 
 the lobby which extends along the two street fronts of the build- 
 ing. The interior of the Post Office is arranged and equipped 
 in the most modern manner for the quick dispatch of mails. 
 The General Delivery windows are directly in front of the Plume 
 Street entrance, and the Money Order and Registry departments 
 to the right of this entrance at the extreme end of the lobby. 
 Directly in front of the Atlantic Street entrance is the Mailing 
 Department, and to the right are the Stamp Windows. At the 
 extreme south end of the Atlantic Street lobby is the entrance 
 to the Postmaster's office, and a stairway and elevator give 
 access to the second and third stories. On the second floor is 
 the U. S. Court-room, a spacious and lofty apartment with a 
 gallery for spectators. The Clerk's office, District Attorney's 
 office, Grand Jury room, and Witness rooms are also on this 
 floor. On the third floor are the U. S. Marshall's offices, Post 
 Office Inspector's office, U. S. Court gallery, and rooms of the 
 Petit Jury, Railway Mail Agents, Civil Service Commission, and 
 Law Library. A unique feature of the building is the arcaded 
 "cortile," fifty feet square, extending through the second and 
 third stories, introduced for the purpose of providing light for 
 the working space of the Post Office below. Mosaics, Italian 
 marble, and faience are used extensively for finishing the public 
 portions of the building, and vaulted ceilings consistent with the 
 style of architecture are also largely- introduced. The con- 
 
A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 41 
 
 struction of the building throughout is fire-proof, and the whole 
 structure is equipped with the most complete modern plumbing, 
 heating, ventilating, and electric lighting appliances. 
 
 At the northeast corner of Atlantic and Main streets is the 
 National Bank of Commerce, which occupies the entire first and 
 mezzanine floors of their magnificent modern 14-story fire-proof 
 building. The building fronts 45 feet on Main Street, and 135 
 feet on Atlantic Street. The exterior.walls are of granite, sand- 
 stone, and mottled gray brick. The extreme height from the 
 sidewalk to the top of the restaurant is 168 feet. The striking 
 feature of the building is the large and perfectly appointed 
 counting room of the bank. The entrance to the building is 
 approached from Main Street, and that leading into the bank is 
 directly ahead, being equipped with two massive bronze doors 
 and two glass day doors. Entering the latter, the visitor is at 
 once in a commercial fairyland, the beauty and palatial effect of 
 which must be seen to be fully appreciated. The public lobby 
 is separated from the different departments by means of skyros 
 (Greece) marble counters, on which are mounted heavy solid 
 bronze screens. Massive wall and individual columns, with a 
 patent scagliola surface, give a beautiful marble effect that at 
 once attracts the eye of the observer. These columns have 
 cores of steel, on which the great weight of the entire building 
 rests. The pedestals are of skyros marble, and the caps are of 
 plaster, made to resemble the bronze effect that is in evidence 
 throughout the interior. The ceiling is finished in ornamental 
 plaster work, old ivory in tint, artistic and delicate in design. 
 There are three electric elevators in the front of the building, 
 two of which take passengers to the twelfth floor, and the other 
 goes to the restaurant on the roof. Above the mezzanine floor 
 the remainder of the building contains 209 offices. From the 
 restaurant on the fourteenth floor, visitors may obtain an ideal 
 view of the city and surrounding country. 
 
 Directly opposite the National Bank of Commerce is the 
 St. Denis Hotel and Cafe. Turning to the right into Main 
 Street, and proceeding toward Granby, you pass the Norfolk 
 National Bank, an old and powerful financial institution. 
 
42 
 
A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 43 
 
 A little further on is the Academy of Music, Norfolk's oldest 
 theater, and diagonally across the street is the Y. M. C. A. 
 Adjoining this is the modern 7-story fire-proof Citizens Bank and 
 office building. The exterior walls are of buff brick, with terra 
 cotta trimmings. The first floor is occupied by the large and 
 perfectly equipped counting roc^gt and various departments of 
 the Citizens Bank, one of the oMfest and foremost institutions 
 of its kind in this city. To the left- of the banking department 
 is a large entrance and lobby, where elevators lead to the upper 
 floors and business offices. On the roof of this building is 
 located the U. S. Weather Bureau signal tower and U. S. time 
 ball. 
 
 Next to the Citizens Bank, and almost at the foot of Granby 
 Street, stands the U. S. Custom House, an imposing 3 -story 
 stone building of colonial design. It was first occupied by the 
 government Oct. 26, 1858. On the first floor are located the 
 offices of Surgeon, Public Health and Marine Hospital Service. 
 On the second floor are the offices of Engineer of the U. S. Army, 
 Internal Revenue, Hydrographic Office, and Collector of Cus- 
 toms. On the third floor are the offices of the U. S. Pay-Direc- 
 tor, Pension Examiner, and Supervising Inspector of Steam 
 Vessels. Turning into Granby Street a good view is obtained of 
 the new 7-story Atlantic Hotel and office building. Just across 
 from the Main Street entrance of this hotel stands the Atlantic 
 Trust & Deposit Company's new 6-story building, and adjoining 
 this is the Auditorium Cafe for ladies and gentlemen, on** of the 
 most popular and exclusive places in the city. The large dining 
 room is handsomely furnished. There are several booths for 
 private parties. 
 
 Proceeding up Granby Street, the visitor passes, at the south- 
 west corner of Plume Street, the beautiful 7 -story building of the 
 Virginia Club. On the northwest corner is the Law Building, 
 and on the northeast corner is the Chamberlain Building. On 
 the north side of Plume Street, a few doors to the right of Granby, 
 is the Hotel Neddo. At the intersection of City Hall Avenue, 
 are the Savoy Hotel on the southwest corner, and the Hadding- 
 ton Hotel on the southeast corner. The new Fairfax Hotel is on 
 the south side of City Hall Avenue, corner of Randolph Street, 
 
A GENTLEMAN 
 His WIFE 
 Or His DAUGHTER 
 
 Will find all the comfortVfci repose of an elegant, well- 
 ordered, and naBrern restaurant at the 
 
 
 High=Class Service at Moderate Prices 
 
 OUR STLAMED OYSTERS 
 Are Unsurpassed 
 
 Sea foods and game in season. 
 
 Cuisine unexcelled. 
 
 Special food dishes for after=theatre parties. 
 
 Handsome dining rooms, light and bright, 
 for clubs or private parties. 
 
 Main Street's "Passing Show" ever in view 
 from our dining room windows. 
 
 Cafe ST. DENIS, J. P. M. JOYCE, Prop. 
 
 Main St., corner RoanoKe Ave. 
 NORFOLK, VA. 
 
A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 45 
 
 just a little to the left of Granby Street. The Monticello Hotel 
 occupies the entire block on City Hall Avenue, between Granby 
 Street and Monticello Avenue, and extends up Granby Street to 
 Brooke Avenue. The main entrance is on the City Hall Avenue 
 front. There is also an entrance on Granby Street. A few 
 doors above is the "Granby," ajgozy little, theater, playing to 
 
 popular prices. Directly •opposite^JfTnd on the corner of Brooke 
 Avenue are the Tazewell Apartments. At the corner of Taze- 
 well Street stands the handsome Lorraine Hotel. The new 
 Colonial Theater is on Tazewell Street, just to the rear of and 
 adjoining the Lorraine Hotel. *. 
 
 Passing College Place, an excellent^View is obtained of the 
 home of Norfolk Lodge No. 38 B. P. O. HE Iks. On the corner of 
 College Place stands the Algonquin Hotel , and further up Granby 
 Street you pass the new Colonial Hotel. At the intersection of 
 Freemason Street is the 9-story modern Lynnhaven Hotel. 
 Turning to the left into Freemason, and going in a westerly di- 
 rection, the Merrimac Apartments and the beautiful Epworth 
 M. E. Church are passed at the intersection of Boush Street. 
 A little on to the left is the First Church of Christ (Christian 
 Scientist), and on the right, near Duke Street is St. Christo- 
 pher's Hospital. 
 
 At the southeast corner of Duke and Freemason streets stands 
 one of the oldest residences in the city. Near Yarmouth Street 
 on the left are the Marlborough Apartments and along Free- 
 mason, between Yarmouth and Botetourt streets, are a number of 
 the most beautiful of Norfolk's old residences. The Carnegie Li- 
 brary is on the left, at the corner of Thomas Street. Turning to 
 the right into Botetourt, and going in a northerly direction, 
 the Botetourt Hotel is passed at the intersection of Bute 
 Street. Crossing Ghent Bridge, which connects old Norfolk with 
 the new residential section (Ghent), an excellent view of the 
 Holland Apartments (immediately in front) and Sarah Leigh 
 Hospital (to the right) is afforded. Turning to the left into 
 Mowbray Arch, and continuing around to Colonial Avenue, and 
 thence along Colonial Avenue, the visitor passes some of the 
 most beautiful and costly residences in Norfolk. At the inter- 
 - section of Olney Road are the Vendome Apartments, and at the 
 
46 
 
A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 47 
 
 corner of Raleigh is the Second Presbyterian Church. Through 
 Raleigh to Colley Avenue, Stockley Gardens, and Raleigh Square 
 Apartments are passed. Looking across Stockley Gardens to 
 the left the new (Hebrew) Ghent Club may be seen. As the 
 turn to the left into Colley Avenue is made, a view may be had 
 of the Protestant Hospital. Proceeding through Colley Avenue, 
 the Atlantic City School No. i is on the left, and a little further 
 on to the right is the Norfolk Knitting Mills. As you turn into 
 Front Street, old Fort Norfolk may be seen on the right. It 
 occupies about 15 acres of ground on the water front, and 
 was built in 1 8 1 2 ; it was held by the Federal troops during 
 the last two years of the Civil War, and one of the buildings, 
 whose walls are four feet six inches thick, was used as a prison 
 for many Confederate soldiers. The place is now used only as 
 a storage room for ammunition of the U. S. Navy. 
 
 The extensive cotton warehouses of the Norfolk Warehouse 
 Association occupy the water front for several blocks along Front 
 Street. The Cotton Exchange Building is on the left midway 
 between Colley Avenue and Atlantic City Bridge. It is here that 
 the cotton interests of Norfolk are centered. Crossing the At- 
 lantic City Bridge, and proceeding along York Street to the in- 
 tersection of Dunmore, the Sacred Heart (Catholic) Church may 
 be seen on the left, and the Taylor homestead, which occupies 
 almost an entire block between Dunmore and Yarmouth, is on 
 the right. Continuing through York Street and York Place, a 
 turn is made to the left into Granby Street, and from there to 
 Lafayette Park an excellent drive along Granby Boulevard is 
 afforded. 
 
 After a trip through the spacious grounds of Lafayette Park, 
 
 the tour takes the visitor back through Granby Boulevard until 
 
 Bute Street is reached. Here the St. Luke's Church (Episcopal), 
 
 one of Norfolk's most beautiful edifices, is seen on the left. At 
 
 the northeast corner of Freemason Street is the First Baptist 
 
 Church. Turning to the left into Freemason Street, and going 
 
 in an easterly direction, the Ohef Sholem (Hebrew) Temple is 
 
 passed at the corner of Monticello Avenue, and the Masonic 
 
 Temple, at the corner of Brewer Street. Bank Street is next 
 
 reached, where may be seen the residences of Hon. Barton 
 4 
 
48 
 
A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH] 49 
 
 Myers (southwest corner), and the Margolius residence (south- 
 east corner), two of Norfolk's landmarks. The Imperial Apart- 
 ments are located next to the Margolius residence, and on the 
 northeast corner is the Freemason Street Baptist Church. 
 Between Freemason and Charlotte streets on the right-hand side 
 of Bank, stands the Norfolk Academy, in the center of spacious 
 grounds. This school was built in the year 1840. On the 
 northeast corner of Charlotte is another of Norfolk's modern 
 public schools. Continuing through Charlotte to Church Street, 
 and up Church to Wood Street, the visitor is given a splendid 
 view of the beautiful building and grounds of Hospital St. 
 Vincent de Paul, which extends for nearly two blocks along 
 Wood Street. Going down Chapel Street, the Catholic Orphan 
 Home is passed at the corner of Mariner, and on the southeast 
 corner of Holt, stands the St. Mary's Catholic Church, a highly 
 ornamental and imposing edifice. On the northwest corner is 
 the home of the Young Men's Association. At the intersection 
 of Fenchurch Street is the Holt Street public school. Continuing 
 through Holt Street, a turn is made to the left into Church 
 Street. The First Presbyterian Church is seen on the left, and 
 on the right is the old St. Paul's P. E. Church and burial ground. 
 This is one of the most historical points of interest in the city. 
 The beautiful church, with its clinging ivy, standing in the 
 midst of its ancient churchyard, which comprises nearly two 
 acres, was built in the year 1739. The cannon ball, now 
 imbedded in the upper southeast corner of the church, was fired 
 by Lord Dunmore during the British bombardment of Norfolk, 
 on January 1, 1776. The initial "B" on the south wall stands 
 for Samuel Boush, who gave the land. . The brick and woodwork 
 of which the church is constructed was brought from England. 
 One of the treasures of the church is John Hancock's chair. It 
 is the one in which he sat when the Declaration of Independence 
 was signed, and is preserved as a relic of great value. In the 
 burial ground, moss-covered tombs, with curious epitaphs, mark 
 the last resting place of some of Norfolk's earliest inhabitants. 
 Further down Church Street, and on the right between Cove 
 and Plume, is the hall of the I. O. O. F.. and nearly opposite is 
 the new home of the Fraternal Order of Eagles. The present 
 headquarters of the Naval Y. M. C. A. are located in front of 
 
50. 
 
A TOUR OF NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH 51 
 
 Plume Street. The new Naval Y. M. C. A. will be erected at 
 the corner of Brooke Avenue and Boush Street, the site and 
 building to cost $250,000, being donated by John D. Rocke- 
 feller. Turning to the right into Main Street and proceeding 
 toward Commercial Place, you pass the Victoria (Stag) Hotel 
 and the Majestic Theater on the left. At the head of Commer- 
 cial Place stands a monument erected to the memory of the 
 Confederate dead. With all its activity and every day hurry 
 in the building of a great city, Norfolk has not forgotten the boys 
 in gray, who went forth to the field of battle in 1861. On the 
 2 2d of February, 1899, the corner stone was laid at the corner of 
 Main Street and Commercial Place. The base is surmounted by 
 a shaft fifty feet high, and while not yet complete, it stands 
 to-day a beautiful and fitting testimonial to the devotion and 
 valor of those who sacrificed their lives during the great struggle 
 between the North and South. 
 
 The ferries connecting Norfolk with Portsmouth have their 
 terminals directly at the foot of Comme'rcial Place. Steamers 
 leave Norfolk for Portsmouth and Berkley ward every few 
 minutes. While crossing the Elizabeth River, an excellent 
 view may be had of the Garrett Winery and its mammoth 
 clock (the largest in' the world) . After landing at Water Street 
 terminal, and turning into High Street, Portsmouth's main 
 thoroughfare, the Seaboard Air Line passenger station is seen on 
 the left. At the corner of Crawford Street, near the curbing, is 
 imbedded a stone tablet commemorating the visit of the Marquis 
 de Lafayette in the year 182 1. Going south through Crawford 
 and First streets (a continuing of Crawford), the visitor enters 
 the main gate of the Norfolk Navy Yard, one of the largest and 
 best equipped naval stations in the United States, and it is here 
 an hour may be pleasantly spent in going over the grounds 
 and through the different buildings. Captured relics, which 
 consist of torpedoes, Gatling guns, cannon and shell, and a 
 variety of material used in warfare, may be seen here. After 
 leaving the Navy Yard, the tour is continued through Lincoln to 
 Fourth, and through Court to High, where, in the center of the 
 street, stands the Confederate monument, to the left of which 
 is the Norfolk County Court House, and to the right is the Hotel 
 Monroe. Continuing through Court and North streets to 
 
52 
 
THEATERSAND PLACES OF AMUSEMENT 53 
 
 Green, the visitor passes in this section some of Portsmouth's 
 oldest and most beautiful residences. 
 
 The entrance to the spacious grounds of the U. S. Naval 
 Hospital is at the foot of Green Street. The hospital building 
 was erected in the year 1829, and stands near the center of a 
 forest grove of seventy-five acres, which forms a peninsula pro- 
 jecting into the Elizabeth River. It is here the disabled U. S. 
 sailors and marines are cared for by the U. S. Government. 
 From "Hospital Point" a splendid view of the entire harbor and 
 the extensive water front of Norfolk may be had. Looking 
 down the river the mammoth coal piers and export warehouses 
 of the Norfolk & Western Railway, at Lambert's Point, may be 
 seen. The tour is practically ended here, and the return to 
 Norfolk is made through Green Street to High, and to the ferries. 
 
 Theaters and Other Places of 
 Amusement 
 
 The Academy of Music is located at 210-212 Main Street. 
 This is an old and famous playhouse, where some of the most 
 important operas and dramas are presented. This theater was 
 created by the late H. D. Van'Wyck, and formally opened in 
 1880. The interior of the house was recently remodeled and 
 greatly improved, and is to-day one of the finest and best 
 equipped playhouses in the South. The prices of admission 
 range from $2.00 to 25 cents, according to location, and the 
 seating capacity is about 1,400. 
 
 The Colonial Theater is located on Tazewell Street, between 
 Granby and Boush streets. This is a new and modern play- 
 house, where only the highest class attractions are presented. 
 This is one of the Schubert, Belasco theaters, which insures only 
 the very best productions of musical comedies, operas, and 
 dramas. Prices of admission range from $2.00 to 25 cents 
 according to location, and the seating capacity is about 1,800. 
 
54 
 
THE A TERS A ND PLA CES OF A M U SEMEN T 55 
 
 The Granby Family Theater is located at 113-117 Granby 
 Street. This is one of the important theaters where popular 
 priced attractions are presented. This playhouse opened Janu- 
 ary 21, 1 90 1, and has been most successful, as is attested by the 
 crowds which daily patronize it. The prices of admission range 
 from 50 cents to 15 cents, according to location, and the seating 
 capacity is about 1,300. 
 
 The Majestic Theater is located at 349 Main Street. This is 
 a new and very attractive theater, where burlesque and vaude- 
 ville attractions are presented. The prices of admission range 
 from 25 cents to 10 cents, according to location, and the seating 
 capacity is about 900. 
 
 The most important variety theaters are: Acme Theater, 
 Auditorium Theater, Bijou Theater, and Manhattan Theater. 
 These playhouses are located along Union Street, between 
 Commercial Place and Nebraska Street. All of them present 
 vaudeville and continuous performances, frequented by men 
 only. 
 
 Lyceum Theater. This is a very attractive little theater, 
 located at 322 High Street, Portsmouth, where popular price 
 attractions are presented. Prices of admission range from 50 
 cents to 15 cents, according to location, and the seating capacity 
 is about 900. 
 
 Automatic Vaudeville. This place of amusement is located 
 at 380 Main Street. 
 
 Wonderland (Automatic Vaudeville) is located on Granby 
 Street near City Hall Avenue. 
 
 Garrick Theater (Automatic Vaudeville) is located on Church 
 Street between Freemason and Charlotte streets. 
 
 At these three, and numerous other places of a similar 
 character, visitors may spend an evening very pleasantly. The 
 latest musical productions may be heard, and the most inter- 
 esting moving pictures seen. 
 
 Air Dome Theater, 13th Street and Granby. Open air 
 concert. 
 
50 
 
SUMMER RESORT THE A TERS AND PARKS 57 
 Summer Resort Theaters 
 
 Ocean View Casino. This popular playhouse is located at 
 Ocean View, about twenty minutes ride from the city. First- 
 class vaudeville and other attractions are presented here during 
 the summer months. Prices of admission range from 50c to 15c. 
 
 Pine Beach Theater. This is another attractive place of 
 amusement, and is located at Pine Beach, on the pavilion. It 
 may be reached by trolley from the city within thirty minutes. 
 Performances of a high order are presented daily during the 
 summer months. Prices of admission range from 50 cents to 
 15 cents. There are a number of other smaller theaters at Pine 
 Beach outside of the Exposition grounds, which offer amuse- 
 ments of various kinds at popular prices. 
 
 Parks 
 
 Lafayette Park. This is Norfolk's principal place of recrea- 
 tion, located on Church Street at the extreme end of Granby 
 Street, and contains 114 acres of ground beautifully improved 
 and laid off into winding driveways and paths, along which 
 vari-colored flowers and shrubbery are planted. A large pine 
 grove, covering several acres near the center of the grounds, 
 where swings and other amusement devices are arranged, afford 
 an ideal playground for the children. The eastern end of the 
 park borders along Tanners Creek (a magnificent sheet of salt 
 water), where boats may be obtained for pleasure parties or 
 fishing purposes. The Zoo is located in the extreme south- 
 eastern part of the grounds. This park may be reached by the 
 Norfolk & Portsmouth Traction Company's main line cars (red 
 or white lights) going north through Church Street, or River- 
 view division cars (blue light) going north through Granby, or 
 the Bay Shore Terminal northbound cars, all of which pass the 
 main entrance at frequent intervals. 
 
 Fitzhugh Lee Park is located on Duke Street at the head of 
 North, and extends to Yarmouth Street Bridge. This is a very 
 pretty little park, attractively arranged, and is a place of recrea- 
 tion for those residing in the 'Ghent section. It may be reached 
 by the Bay Shore Terminal northbound cars, and is only about 
 fifteen minutes' walk from the downtown section north through 
 Duke Street. 
 
58 
 
CHURCHES 59 
 
 Churches 
 
 There are more than one hundred churches in Norfolk and 
 Portsmouth, comprising over a dozen independent and semi- 
 independent denominations. They are so scattered throughout 
 these cities that the worshiper need not go far from his home or 
 stopping place in order to find the church of his choice, and 
 worship in the form to which he has been accustomed. Most of 
 the leading Protestant and Catholic churches advertise their 
 services for the succeeding Sabbath in the religious-notice 
 column of the daily papers on the preceding Saturday. In 
 all the churches strangers are cordially welcomed and given 
 seats by the ushers. Arranged alphabetically, the principal 
 denominations and the most prominent churches of these 
 denominations are as follows: 
 
 Norfolk Churches 
 Baptist 
 
 First, Freemason Street corner Granby. 
 Freemason Street, corner Freemason and Bank streets. 
 Grace, corner Wood and Chapel streets. 
 Park Avenue, corner Highland and Park avenues. 
 Park Place, corner Colonial Avenue and Thirty-second 
 Street. 
 
 Burrows Memorial, corner Shenandoah and Parker avenues. 
 Central, corner Olney Road and Manteo Street. 
 Spurgeon Memorial, 120 Windsor Avenue. 
 
 Christadelphian 
 
 Christadelphian Ecclesia, 317 W. Brambleton Avenue. 
 
 Christian 
 
 Memorial Temple, corner Cook and Tunstall avenues. 
 Second Church of Christ, cor. Colley Ave. and Guilbert St. 
 
 Christian Scientist 
 
 First Church of Christ, 261 Freemason Street. 
 
 Disciples 
 
 Freemason Street Church of Christ, 410 Freemason Street. 
 
60 
 
NORFOLK CHURCHES 61 
 
 Episcopal 
 
 Christ Church, corner Freemason and Cumberland streets. 
 
 Emanuel Chapel, Chapel near Queen streets. 
 
 Saint Luke's, corner Bute and Granby streets. 
 
 Saint Paul's, Church Street near Cove. 
 
 Saint Peter's, E. Brown Avenue near Clay. 
 
 Saint Mark's, Myers Avenue, corner 36th Street. 
 
 Jewish 
 
 Beth El Hebrew Congregation, 157-163 Cumberland St. 
 Congregation B'nai Israel, Cumberland Street near Cove. 
 Ohef Sholem Temple, Freemason, corner Monticello Ave. 
 
 Lutheran 
 
 First, 98-100 Charlotte Street. 
 
 Methodist 
 
 Epworth, corner Freemason and Boush streets. 
 
 Cumberland Street, corner Freemason and Cumberland 
 streets. 
 
 Epworth, corner Freemason and Boush streets. 
 
 Cumberland Street, corner Freemason and Cumberland 
 streets. 
 
 Ghent, Raleigh Avenue near Stockley Gardens. 
 
 Park Place, corner Omohundro and 31st streets. 
 
 Queen Street, corner Queen and Pulaski streets. 
 
 Centenary, 6-14 Queen Street. 
 
 McKendre, corner Claiborne and Clay avenues. 
 
 Huntersville, Johnson Avenue near Church Street. 
 
 Trinity, Maltby and Corpres avenues. 
 
 Wesley Memorial Chapel, Calvert St. corner Maltby Ave. 
 
 Le Kies Memorial, corner Camp Avenue and Fort Street. 
 
 Lamberts Point, Lamberts Point. 
 Presbyterian 
 
 First, 259-271 Church Street. 
 
 Second, Yarmouth near Hall Street. 
 
 Colley Memorial, corner Avenue C and Colley. 
 
 Ghent, Colonial Avenue near Redgate. 
 
 Lamberts Point, Elkhorn, corner Shenandoah Street. 
 
 Park Avenue, 109-111 Park Avenue. 
 
 Park Place, 28th Street, corner Lewellyn Avenue. 
 
 Roman Catholic 
 
 Saint Mary's, corner Chapel and Holt streets. 
 Sacred Heart, corner York and Dunmore streets. 
 
G2 
 
NORFOLK COLORED CHURCHES 63 
 
 Norfolk Colored Churches 
 
 Baptist 
 
 Bute Street, 528 Bute Street. 
 
 Queen Street, 245 Queen Street. 
 
 Bank Street, corner Charlotte and Bank streets. 
 
 Calvary, 682-684 Church Street. 
 
 Christian 
 
 Lone Star, Suffolk Street near James. 
 
 Episcopal 
 
 Grace, corner Cumberland and Kent streets. 
 
 Methodist 
 
 Brown Memorial, corner Church St and Princess Anne Ave. 
 
 Metropolitan, 323 Church Street. 
 
 Zion Mission, corner Moseley and Pulaski streets. 
 
 James Street, 32-34 James Street. 
 
 Saint John's, 595 Bute Street. 
 
 Saint Luke's, corner Scott and St. Paul streets. 
 
 Presbyterian 
 
 Tidewater, 338 Queen Street. 
 
 Berkley Ward Churches 
 
 Baptist 
 
 Berkley Avenue, Berkley Avenue, corner Liberty Street. 
 
 Christian 
 
 Main Street, corner Main and Virginia streets. 
 
 Episcopal 
 
 Saint Paul's, corner Chestnut and Washington streets 
 Saint Thomas', Berkley Avenue, near Main Street. 
 
 Jewish 
 
 Mickro-Kadosh Synagogue, Eleventh, near Liberty Street. 
 
 Methodist 
 
 Memorial, Berkley Avenue, corner First Street. 
 Liberty Street, Liberty, near Poindexter Street. 
 
 Presbyterian 
 
 Armstrong Memorial. Main Street, corner Hardy Avenue. 
 
64 
 
PORTSMOUTH CHURCHES 65 
 
 Berkley Ward Colored Churches 
 
 First Baptist, Montelant Avenue, corner A Street. 
 Disciples Church, 1340 Berkley Avenue. 
 New Hope Christian, Berkley Avenue, corner gth Street. 
 Trinity A. M. E. Church, Walker Avenue, corner 6th Street. 
 
 Portsmouth Churches 
 
 Baptist 
 
 Fourth Street, corner Fourth and Lincoln streets. 
 Court Street, corner Queen and Court streets. 
 Calvary, Glasgow Street corner Adams Avenue. 
 South Street, corner South and Effingham streets. 
 Park View, corner Ann and Hattan streets. 
 
 Catholic 
 
 Saint Paul's, corner Washington and High streets. 
 
 Christian 
 
 High Street, corner High and Effingham streets. 
 
 Congregational 
 
 First, Holliday, near Hattan Street. 
 
 Episcopal 
 
 Trinity, corner Court and High streets. 
 
 Saint John's, corner Washington and London streets. 
 
 All Saints, corner Hattan and A streets. }" 
 
 Jewish 
 
 Cherva-Gromley-Chesed, 623 High Street. 
 Cable Sembla Eldahah, 519 County Street. 
 
 Methodist 
 
 Central, corner Washington and South streets. 
 Monumental, corner Dinwiddie and Queen streets. 
 Owens Memorial, corner Effingham and Clifford streets. 
 Wright Memorial, corner Fourth and Dinwiddie streets. 
 Park View, corner Webster and A streets. 
 
 Presbyterian 
 
 First corner Court and King streets. 
 
66 
 
PORTSMOUTH COLORED CHURCHES 67 
 
 Portsmouth Colored Churches 
 
 Baptist 
 
 Ebenezer, corner Effingham and Columbia streets. 
 Third, corner Godwin and Queen streets. 
 Zion, corner Green and King streets. 
 
 Disciples 
 
 Christ Disciples, 1419 County Street. 
 
 Episcopal 
 
 Saint James, corner High and Pine streets. 
 
 Methodist 
 
 Emanuel, North, near Green Street. 
 Zion, First Avenue, near County Street. 
 
 Presbyterian 
 
 Trinity, corner High and Pearl streets. 
 
 "In the Heart of the 'Business District" 
 
 STEVE SEELINGER'S CAFE 
 
 Perfectly Appointed Ladies' and 
 Gentlemen' s Dining Room 
 
 Menu First Class 
 Prompt and Courteous Service 
 
 10 Bank St. Norfolk, Va. 
 
68 
 
CEMETERIES 69 
 
 Cemeteries 
 
 The cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth contain several beau- 
 tiful burial places, where repose the ashes of some of the most 
 notable people of Virginia, who were the founders of these cities, 
 and makers of the laws which have governed the affairs of this 
 commonwealth down to the present time. 
 
 Cedar Grove is Norfolk's oldest public (Protestant) burial 
 ground. It is located at the head of Cumberland Street, and 
 extends through to Princess Anne Avenue, which divides it 
 from Elm wood, a later addition. These cemeteries contain a 
 number of handsome memorials, among the finest of which are 
 the Weston monument, of Italian workmanship, the LeKies 
 mausoleum, and the female figure of the Kay ton tomb. There 
 is also a monument to the poet James Barron Hope, and the 
 square owned by Norfolk Lodge, No. 38, B. P. O. E. is marked 
 by a very attractive monument surmounted by a large figure of 
 an elk. These cemeteries may be reached by the Norfolk and 
 Southern (electric division) cars, northbound through Monti- 
 cello Avenue, or Norfolk & Portsmouth Traction Company's 
 main line cars northbound through Church Street. 
 
 St. Mary's (Catholic) Cemetery is located on Church Street, 
 at the head of Granby, adjoining Lafayette Park. 
 
 Hebrew Cemetery is located on Princess Anne Avenue near 
 Wilson Avenue, and contains a number of handsome monu- 
 ments, which mark the last resting place of some of our most 
 prominent Hebrews. 
 
 Magnolia Cemetery is situated at the foot of Seventh Avenue, 
 near Berkley (Berkley ward). 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Cedar Grove Cemetery is located on Glasgow Street between 
 Effingham and Chestnut, and covers an entire city block. 
 
 Oak Grove Cemetery is located on Glasgow Street, at the 
 foot of Godwin Street. Both of these ''cities of the dead," like 
 Norfolk's, are beautifully arranged, and contain a number of 
 costly and imposing tombs and monuments. 
 
 St. Paul's (Catholic) Cemetery is situated on Gosport Road 
 near A Street, Brighton. 
 
St. Mary's Church (Catholic) — Chapel and Holt Streets 
 
 70 
 
SEASIDE RESORTS 71 
 
 Seaside Resorts 
 
 Ocean View. This place is located on the Chesapeake Bay, 
 about eight miles from Norfolk, and may be reached by the 
 Norfolk & Portsmouth Traction Company's Ocean View division 
 cars, leaving west end of Main Street every few minutes, or the 
 Bay Shore Terminal Company's Ocean View division cars, leav- 
 ing corner of Plume and Church streets at short intervals. This 
 is one of the finest and most popular summer resorts in the 
 country. The fishing and bathing advantages are unsurpassed, 
 and as a place of amusement it attracts thousands of people 
 daily during the summer months. A handsome modern theater, 
 where strictly first-class performances are rendered, is one of 
 the principal attractions. The hotel and pavilion cafe are of 
 the highest order, the cuisine being first-class in every particular. 
 To the east of Ocean View numerous cottages and select boarding 
 houses line the beach for more than a mile, and to the west is 
 Willoughby Beach, a peninsula several miles long, where hun- 
 dreds of cottages extend its entire length. Willoughby Hotel 
 is situated about midway of the beach, one and one-half miles 
 from Ocean View. This hotel is also first-class, being modern in 
 every particular, and affording accommodations for several 
 hundred guests. The Hampton Roads Yacht Club is situated 
 near the end of the beach, and almost directly opposite the 
 Jamestown Exposition grounds. The home of the Yacht Club 
 is a large and handsome building, facing and commanding an 
 unobstructed view of Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay. 
 This will be an attractive point of interest while the international 
 yacht races are being held during the Jamestown Exposition, in 
 the summer of 1907. 
 
 Virginia Beach is situated on the Atlantic coast, eighteen 
 miles from Norfolk, and about seven miles south of Cape Henry. 
 It -is reached by the Norfolk & Southern (electric division) cars, 
 leaving the City Hall Avenue station, in front of the Monticello 
 Hotel, every thirty minutes. This resort, with its great seaside 
 hotels and numerous attractions, draws thousands of summer 
 excursionists daily. Here the safest and best surf bathing on 
 the Atlantic coast may be enjoyed. The close proximity of the 
 
72 
 
If You Go to Jamestown via 
 Baltimore or Washington 
 
 JOIN A = 
 
 Jamestown Tourist Club 
 
 Six Days' Tour = = $29.00 
 Four " " = = 19.75 
 
 All expenses covered 
 
 Official literature and folder on mail request 
 
 Interchangeable tickets via Baltimore or Washington 
 
 Tri=City Tourist Company 
 
 MANAGERS 
 
 546 Equitable Building = Baltimore, Maryland 
 
 W. S. BELDING, President 
 HUGH C. RISDON, Manager 
 
NONE PURER 
 
 NONE BETTER 
 
 Echo Spring Whiskey 
 
 S. Grabfelder & Co., Distillers 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 CAMP'S BUFFET 
 
 Made popular by its refinement 
 
 Fine Wines, Whiskeys, 
 A les, and 'Beers 
 
 Imported and Domestic Cigars 
 
 W. H. CAMP, 118 PLUME, ST. 
 
 Opposite Post=Office 
 
 NORFOLK, VA. 
 
SEASIDE RESORTS 75 
 
 Gulf stream, and the delightful ocean breezes, give this place a 
 temperature not enjoyed by others further north. For several 
 miles along the shore are the handsome summer homes of many 
 of Norfolk's most prominent people, and numerous first-class 
 boarding houses offer accommodations for visitors. 
 
 Cape Henry is situated on the Atlantic coast at the entrance 
 to Chesapeake Bay, and is also reached by the Norfolk & South- 
 ern (electric division) cars, leaving the City Hall Avenue station, 
 in front of the Monticello Hotel, every thirty minutes. It was 
 at Cape Henry that the English settlers first landed, in April, 
 1607, and a tablet now marks the spot where the adventurers 
 first trod on American soil. Here also is an old lighthouse, built 
 in 1^91, which has withstood many a furious storm, and still 
 stands as a monument to the enterprise and excellent workman- 
 ship of the early Virginia pioneers. A more modern lighthouse, 
 which was built in 1879, standing 152 feet high, serves as a 
 beacon to guide mariners to a safe harbor. For hundreds of 
 years past, the winds have formed the sand into hills, which 
 extend for several miles, and to a height of nearly 200 feet 
 along the beach. From the summit of these hills, one may look 
 over the tops of towering trees, or directly down to the under- 
 growth of a great swamp, which extends for miles back into the 
 country. At this resort there is a modern hotel and pavilion, 
 besides a number of other smaller hotels and restaurants. Here 
 also is located a U. S. Life Saving Station, and a wireless teleg- 
 raphy station. 
 
 Pine Beach is situated at Sewells Point, on Hampton Roads, 
 at the mouth of the Elizabeth River, about nine miles from 
 Norfolk, and is reached by the Norfolk & Atlantic Company 
 division cars of the Norfolk & Portsmouth Traction Company, 
 leaving City Hall Avenue station, corner of Atlantic Street, 
 every few minutes, or by the Water Belt Line and many other 
 river steamers which make numerous daily trips to this place. 
 
 The new Jamestown Boulevard also affords an excellent 
 driveway from Norfolk to this resort, and the Jamestown 
 Exposition grounds. The point of land on which Pine Beach 
 is situated is the site and viewpoint of some of the most historical 
 events in the history of Virginia. It was here that Ralph Lane- 
 
Court Street {Baptist) Church — Court Street, Portsmouth 
 7G 
 
RIVER STEAMER TRIPS 77 
 
 and a party of adventurers, who left Roanoke Island to explore 
 the county, found a tribe of Indians, during 1586, known as the 
 Chesapeakes. On April 12, 1905, an Indian burying ground was 
 discovered near the Pine Beach Hotel, and near by the Indian 
 burial place was found an Indian spring and relics in the shape 
 of curious shells and pottery left there by the red man, who has 
 long ago disappeared from this part of the country. 
 
 There may be also seen along the water front remains of the 
 masked batteries and earth works which mark the spot where 
 engagements occurred between the Confederates and the Fed- 
 erals during the Civil War, and here is the best viewpoint of the 
 famous battle which took place between the ironclads, Merrimac 
 and Monitor, on March 8, 1862, in Hampton Roads, near the 
 mouth of the Elizabeth River. 
 
 As a summer resort, Pine Beach is one of the most popular 
 of Norfolk's many watering places. The Pine Beach Hotel is 
 an immense modern hostelry, where thousands of guests may 
 secure accommodations in close proximity to the Jamestown 
 Exposition grounds. There are numerous other smaller first- 
 class hotels and restaurants near by. A large double-decked 
 pavilion and theater, besides many other attractions and places 
 of amusement, line the board walk. From along the shores of 
 Pine Beach excellent views of Old Point, Hampton Roads, and 
 Chesapeake Bay may be had. 
 
 River Steamer Trips 
 
 There are numerous short trips of great historical interest, 
 which may be taken around Hampton Roads and its tributaries, 
 carrying the visitor to some of the most famous places in Vir- 
 ginia. A very pleasant and attractive all-day trip is that 
 offered by the Virginia Navigation Company's steamer "Poca- 
 hontas," plying the James River between Norfolk and Richmond, 
 leaving Norfolk at 7.00 o'clock A. M., Tuesday, Thurday, and 
 Saturday, from the O. D. S. S. Company's pier, foot of Nebraska 
 Street, and from the S. A. L. Railway wharf, foot of High Street, 
 Portsmouth, at 7.15 o'clock A. M., touching at Old Point, 
 Newport News, and all the principal landings along the James 
 River. 
 
Confederate Monument — Portsmouth, Va. 
 
 78 
 
RIVER STEAMER TRIPS 79 
 
 Some of the most important historical points passed are: 
 Jamestown Island, where Christopher Newport and his little 
 band of one hundred and eight English colonists, headed by 
 Captain John Smith, landed and permanently established the 
 first settlement of English-speaking people in America, May 13, 
 1607*. The crumbling church tower, overgrown with clinging 
 vines and ivv, may be seen from the deck of the steamer. 
 Chickahominy River, which empties into the James on the north 
 side, just above Jamestown Island,, is the stream up which 
 Captain John Smith and a small party of men ascended during 
 the early summer of 1607, and fought a battle with the Indians, 
 during which John Smith was captured and carried before 
 Powhatan, tried and condemned to die, but was heroically 
 rescued by Pocahontas. 
 
 Brandon, Weyanoke, Westover, and Flower De Hundred are 
 also points of interest to the visitor, they being old Colonial 
 settlements established in the early years of the seventeenth 
 century. At Westover was the home of Col. Wm. Byrd, who, 
 about "1722, offered to reward an Indian generously if he would 
 point out the exact spot of the lost lead mine discovered by 
 Master Berkeley at Falling Creek, in 1622. At Berkeley is the 
 old homestead of the Harrisons, one of whom was William 
 Henry Harrison, President of the United States. Bermuda 
 Hundred, just across the Appomattox River from City Point, 
 was founded by Sir Thomas Dale, about 161 1, and is nearly three 
 hundred years old. This place is of great historic interest, it 
 being the scene of many stirring events during Colonial and 
 Civil War days. 
 
 On the north bank, almost directly opposite City Point, is 
 Shirley, also a point of historic interest. A little further up the 
 James and on the north bank is Curies. This was the home and 
 plantation of Nathaniel Bacon, before the great rebellion of 
 
 1676. . . 
 
 At "Dutch Gap," and within the long narrow peninsula, 
 
 formed by what is known as the "seven mile loop," was once 
 
 the city of Henricus, established by Sir Thomas Dale, in 161 1. 
 
 This was the first "city" in Virginia, and had three streets, store 
 
 houses, a church, an Indian college, and watch houses and was 
 
 defended by forts. To-day no trace of the city remains; the 
 
60 
 
RIVER STEAMER TRIPS 81 
 
 ravages of time and the destructive force of wars have wiped out 
 forever the handiwork of the first Americans who were laying 
 the foundation of this great Republic. The territory known as 
 Varina extends along the northern bank of the James, just 
 before passing through "Dutch Gap." It was here that Poca- 
 hontas lived after her marriage to John Rolfe, and it is the birth- 
 .place of her son Thomas Rolfe. 
 
 On the south bank, just above "Dutch Gap," is Drewry's 
 Bluff, where during the Civil War the roar of artillery and the 
 rattle of infantry told of the great conflict between North and 
 South. Just above Drewry's Bluff, where Falling Creek empties 
 into the James River, was once a settlement, founded about 1610, 
 and it was here that Master Berkeley was erecting a furnace to 
 smelt lead and iron, which he had discovered; but during the 
 Indian massacre of 1622, his furnace was destroyed, he was 
 killed, and the secret as to the exact spot of his lead mine died 
 with him. This locality was later the site "Amp thill," the home 
 of Archibald Cary, who was descended from an old English 
 family of high title. 
 
 The range of hills on the north bank, just before arrival at 
 Richmond, was once the site of Powhatan's summer court, and 
 of "None-Such," a settlement founded by John Smith, in 1609. 
 The steamer reaches Richmond about 6.30 o'clock P. M. 
 Returning, the steamer leaves Richmond every Monday, 
 Wednesday, and Friday at 7 .00 o'clock A. M. 
 
 Another pleasant all-day trip is that afforded by the O. D. 
 S. S. river line steamers from Norfolk or Portsmouth, up the 
 York River to Yorktown. On this trip, steamers touch at Old 
 Point, pass the Rip Raps (Fort Wool), giving the visitor an 
 excellent view of the Jamestown Exposition grounds, and 
 assembled navies on Hampton Roads, and an enjoyable ride up 
 Chesapeake Bay and York River for twenty miles, until York- 
 town is reached. The steamer lays at Yorktown for several 
 hours, thus allowing tourists ample time in which to visit 
 Cornwallis' Cave*, headquarters of Lord Cornwallis before his 
 surrender to the Continental Army. A monument marks the 
 exact spot of his surrender*, and another is dedicated to the 
 soldiers, who, commanded by George Washington, with the 
 assistance of the French, under Lafayette and Rochambeau, won 
 
82 
 
RIVER STEAMER TRIPS S3 
 
 the great victory of 1781, and firmly established the independ- 
 ence of the United States. Other points of interest at Yorktown 
 are the old Custom House, the first ever opened in the United 
 States, and the Nelson House, upon which Thomas Nelson, who 
 was in Washington's army, urged the Continentals to fire, 
 offering a reward for each shot that hit the mark, knowing that 
 the British officers were housed in his residence. 
 
 The old Moore House on Temple Farm is also a point of 
 interest, as there may be seen the ruins of an old church, built in 
 1660. Just at the mouth of York River is where Rochambeau's 
 fleet lay during the siege of Yorktown. The steamer leaves 
 Yorktown on its return trip in ample time to land the visitor 
 at Norfolk at 7.00 P. M. 
 
 An enjoyable trip via the O. D. S. S. river steamers, leaving 
 their Nebraska Street pier at 6.40 A. M. and 3.00 P. M. may 
 be had to Smithfield, one of the oldest historical towns in Vir- 
 ginia, from where interesting carriage drives may be taken to 
 the old Episcopal Church, which was constructed during the 
 middle of the seventeenth century. Near by this church is a 
 graveyard, which contains the remains of many soldiers who 
 were in Bacon's Rebellion. There are several other historical 
 places around Smithfield, which recall memorable events of 
 colonial days, notably among them being Bacon's Castle. In 
 the town of Smithfield there is a modern hotel for the accommo- 
 dation of travelers. 
 
 Nearly all of the steamship company's river steamers make 
 special trips to Newport News, Hampton, Soldiers' Home, Old 
 Point, and the Capes of Virginia. 
 
 The Water Belt Line's palatial steamers leave the company's 
 pier (Campbell's wharf, adjoining ferry slip), for a complete tour 
 of the harbor every hour, touching at the above mentioned 
 points, as well as Pine Beach (Jamestown Exposition Company's 
 pier). Newport News is twelve miles from Norfolk, and just 
 across from Pine Beach, at the mouth of the James River. It 
 was off Newport News that Lord Delaware's ships arrived in 
 1 6 10, just in time to save the Jamestown Colony, which was 
 about to be deserted. At this city is the greatest shipbuilding 
 plant in the country, which^contains the largest dry dock in 
 
84 
 
RIVER STEAMER TRIPS 85 
 
 the world, and where many battleships, and immense steam and 
 sailing ships are built for nearly every nation in the world. 
 
 Hampton was originally an Indian village, named Kecoughtan. 
 It is the oldest continuous settlement of the English in America. 
 Among the historic points of interest, there are St. John's Church*, 
 the third oldest in Virginia; the Symmes-Eaton free school, the 
 first established in America; and near Hampton is the Pembroke 
 farm, noted for its curious old monuments of black marble. 
 
 Soldiers' Home is the United States Government reservation, 
 situated about half way between Hampton and Old Point, and 
 may be reached either by steamer from Norfolk and Portsmouth 
 or by trolley line from Old Point, Hampton, or Newport News. 
 It is here the aged Federal soldiers are cared for, and every con- 
 venience afforded to brighten their declining years. The 
 grounds are beautifully arranged, and there are numerous large 
 and attractive buildings. Band concerts at regular intervals 
 and theatrical performances are often rendered for the amuse- 
 ment of the veterans. This is a very attractive point of interest, 
 and thousands of tourists visit the place annually. 
 
 The Hampton Normal and Industrial School, where the 
 Indian and the negro are 'educated and instructed in the various 
 industrial lines/ are located near by. 
 
 Old Point Comfort or Fortress Monroe, which was originally 
 a palisaded fort planned in 1 6 14 by the first settlers, is now the 
 largest and best equipped fortress in America, and is the chief 
 artillery station of the United States Government. Jt was here 
 that Jefferson Davis was confined during the dark days of the 
 strife between the sections. Immense disappearing guns of 
 great "range guard like grim sentinels ' the entrance to Chesa- 
 peake Bay. The Chamberlin Hotel at Old Point is one of the 
 finest hostelries in the South, and commands an admirable view 
 of Hampton Roads. Another very attractive hotel at this place 
 is the Sherwood Inn.* Fort Wool, or the Rip Raps, lying about 
 midway between Fortress Monroe and Willoughby Spit, has 
 recently been extensively improved by the Government, at a 
 cost of over $16,000,000, and consists of a modern granite fort 
 equipped with the most improved implements of warfare. This 
 fort overlooks Chesapeake Bay, and protects the entrance to 
 Hampton Roads. 
 

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THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION 87 
 
 The Jamestown Exposition 
 
 The Jamestown Ter-centennial had its origin in a joint 
 resolution passed by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth 
 of Virginia in February, 1901. This resolution called upon the 
 cities of Virginia to present plans for the proper celebration of 
 the first permanent settlement of English-speaking people in 
 this country at Jamestown, and for the purpose of fittingly 
 commemorating before the world the real birthplace of our 
 Nation. Mr. G. T. Shepperd (the present secretary of the 
 Jamestown Exposition Company), together with Mr. J. M. 
 Thompson (at that time editor of the Norfolk Dispatch) and 
 Hon. John G. Tilton (the present Commonwealth's attorney), 
 inaugurated a plan and presented same to the public. Following 
 this, a resolution was passed by the Councils of the City of Nor- 
 folk committing the City to the proposition, and inviting the 
 cities of Portsmouth, Newport News, and Hampton, and the 
 County of Norfolk to unite in making the project a success. 
 The Legislature granted a charter to one hundred citizens of this 
 State, who were incorporated under the title of the Jamestown 
 Exposition Company. The first president of this company was 
 the late General Fitzhugh Lee, who was succeeded by Hon. 
 Harry St. George Tucker. The other officers of the company 
 are, G. T. Shepperd, secretary; Nathaniel Beaman, treasurer; 
 Barton Myers, auditor; T. J. Wool and O. D. Batchelor, general 
 counsel; and R. L. Payne, M. D., medical director. The Board 
 of Governors is composed of C. Brooks Johnston, chairman; 
 C. S. Sherwood, vice-chairman; T. S. Southgate, W. E. Cottrell, 
 J Taylor Ellyson, and Barton Myers. 
 
88 THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION 
 
 The Exposition to.be held at Sewell's Point, along the shores 
 of Hampton Roads, beginning April 26th and ending November 
 30 1907, will celebrate the three hundredth anniversary of the 
 landing of the first English pioneers at Jamestown, in Virginia. 
 Prominent among the leaders of the expedition, which ventured 
 from England to cross the Atlantic Ocean and discover a new 
 world in America, was Captain John Smith, and the establish- 
 ment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, was the planting of 
 the germ from which this glorious republic has grown. It seemed 
 to the people of Virginia most fitting that at this time, when the 
 United States has become a world power, to appropriately com- 
 memorate the third centennial of this Nation's conception, and 
 it was deemed most proper that this observation should occur 
 at a place contiguous to the original point of settlement, which 
 had the advantages of being picturesque and utile beyond com- 
 parison The Jamestown Ter-centennial purposes to be a splen- 
 did historical and naval display. Every devise will be utilized 
 to tell visitors the story of our country's growth, and to tell it 
 pleasantly, so that they who receive instruction will be tho- 
 roughly entertained. Though the site of the Exposition is two 
 score miles away from the original settlement, the latter will 
 be brought into service as a material adjunct of the exhibition 
 Jamestown will be reproduced so as to resemble the original 
 settlement as closely as the descriptive history of the old town 
 will permit, and as a contrast to the year 1607, and in order to 
 demonstrate the enormity of our country and its position as a 
 world power, there will be held the greatest naval rendezvous 
 in Hampton Roads during 1907, which the world has ever seen. 
 Aside from the purely spectacular feature of this gathering it 
 will be instructive and patriotic. While we are celebrating the 
 wonderful growth of our Nation from an humble beginning, it 
 must not be forgotten that England has an almost equal interest 
 with us, as we are glorifying the English spirit which made this 
 beginning possible. In addition to the wonderful naval display, 
 this is to be an historical Exposition, not merely in name but in 
 actuality. The periods of the country's development will be 
 portrayed; the Jamestown Settlement will be produced as 
 nearly like the old place as possible, and with it will be an Indian 
 village of the time; early and late Colonial styles will be exem- 
 
THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION 89 
 
 plified; post-revolutionary communities will be shown, and the 
 chain which starts with Jamestown will be brought link by link 
 down to the present. The site selected for the great celebration 
 is one of unsurpassed natural beauty;, the landscape treatment 
 of which promises the -most picturesque effect ever attained at 
 any Exposition held in America.- The point of land, known as 
 Sew ell's Point, where the .Exposition will be held, is steeped in 
 history, tradition, and- romance, and has been the scene of many 
 stirring events. It was originally :the home of the Chesapeake 
 Indians, and later the battle-ground of the Federals and Con- 
 federates, and the viewpoint of the famous battle between the 
 Merrimac and Monitor in Hampton Roads during the Civil War. 
 This battle will be reproduced during the Exposition period, 
 and will be both entertaining and instructive. Modern navies 
 date from that great conflict, and the representatives of all the 
 world's navies will be shown and just how the combatants con- 
 ducted themselves on that memorable occasion when ironclad 
 first met ironclad. 
 
 The United States Government, the State of Virginia, and a 
 majority of the other States, of the Union having made generous 
 appropriations for the purpose of participating in the celebra- 
 tion, the success of the Exposition is assured. 
 
 The gates to the grounds will be thrown open to visitors at 
 noon on April 26, 1907, and the Exposition opened by the Presi- 
 dent of the United States. 
 
 The Official Name: Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition- 
 Character: Military, Naval, Marine, and Historic Exhi- 
 bition. 
 
 Nature: State, National, and International historic cele- 
 bration. 
 
 Purpose: Commemoration of the first permanent settle- 
 ment of English-speaking people in America. 
 
 Size of Exposition Grounds: 400 acres of land space, and 
 40 acres water space between the Grand Piers. 
 
 Distances from Exposition Grounds: Norfolk City limits, 
 five miles; Fortress Monroe, four miles; Old Point Comfort, 
 three and a half miles; Newport News, five miles; Hampton, 
 six miles; Portsmouth, eight miles; Ocean View, three mile^s. 
 
901 
 
THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION 91 
 
 Exposition grounds reached by electric railways, steam rail- 
 way, and steamships. 
 
 Opening Hour of Gates: 8.00 o'clock A. M. Closing hour 
 of gates, 11 .00 o'clock P. M. 
 
 Price of Admission to Grounds: Adults, 50 cents; children, 
 25 cents. 
 
 Government buildings on Exposition grounds open at 9.00 
 o'clock A. M. and close at 6.00 o'clock P. M. 
 
 The Exposition police force will be known as the Powhatan 
 Guards, one hundred and seventy-five in number, commanded 
 by a United States Marine officer. The Powhatan Guards will 
 be a military body, mounted, and will be on duty at all times 
 until the close of the Exposition. 
 
 Among the many attractions are: 
 
 Unique and gorgeous night harbor illuminations. 
 
 Greatest gathering of war ships in the history of the world. 
 
 International yacht races, in which many nations of the 
 world will participate. 
 
 Races of dirigible airships for commercial use. 
 
 Races of military airships of different nations. 
 
 The greatest military and naval parades ever witnessed, on 
 the largest military parade ground in the world. 
 
 Prize drills by the finest soldiers of all nations, and by picked 
 regiments of United States and State troops. 
 
 More naval and military bands than were ever assembled in 
 time of peace. 
 
 A great living picture of war with all its enticing splendors. 
 
 An exact reproduction of the Merrimac and Monitor duel. 
 
 The first international submarine races. 
 
 The largest motor boat regatta ever held. 
 
 Field athletic contests between recognized champions. 
 
 Life saving corps actually operating. 
 
 Great museum of war relics from all nations and all ages. 
 
 Indian relics of three centuries. 
 
 A beautiful palace built entirely of coal. 
 
 An immense forrestry exhibit. 
 
 The highest tower ever erected in America. 
 
 A complete Japanese village. 
 
 Industrial exhibits showing the progress of the world during 
 three centuries. 
 
92 
 
 THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION 
 
 Complete "arts and crafts" village. 
 
 An entire Tyrol community. 
 
 A magnificent tobacco palace. 
 
 Most interesting exhibit of "King Cotton" in all stages, from 
 the growing plant to the finished, fabric. 
 
 Wonderful technical exhibits by the leading nations of the 
 world. 
 
 An enclosed sea basin, with an area of 1,280,000 square feet. 
 
 The prevailing style of architecture at the Exposition is the 
 Colonial. 
 
 The Inside Inn is the only hotel on the Exposition grounds. 
 It covers a very large area, being 650 feet frontage and 450 feet 
 in depth. It has all the conveniences of a first-class hotel, and 
 will accommodate about 2,000 persons. Every one of its 
 rooms is an outside room. In the lobby everything is arranged 
 for the comfort of its guests. There is a public writing room, 
 ladies' parlors, gentlemen's buffet, barber shop, baths, post 
 office, telephones, telegraph offices, etc. There is a convention 
 hall with a seating capacity for 1,000 persons. The banquet 
 hall, which will accommodate 1,000 persons, is sumptuously 
 furnished and decorated. The rates on the European plan are 
 from $2.50 per day and up, for each person, which includes 
 breakfast, privileges of the Inn, and admission to the Exposition 
 grounds. On the American plan the rates are from $3.50 per 
 day and up, for each person, which includes breakfast, luncheon, 
 and evening table d'hote dinner, and admission to the Exposi- 
 
 Rip Raps (Fort Wool) — Hampton Roads 
 
THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION 93 
 
 tion grounds. Higher priced accommodations in single rooms 
 or in suite, with or without bath, may be secured also. Children 
 under seven are charged half rate. Applications for reser- 
 vation should be addressed to the Jamestown Hotel Corpor- 
 ation, 700 Citizens Bank Building, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 The following nations who will participate in the celebration 
 are as follows: 
 
 Great Britain — with ships and troops. 
 
 Germany — with ships and troops. 
 
 Russia — with ships and troops. 
 
 France — with ships and troops. 
 
 Japan — with ships and troops. 
 
 Italy — with ships and troops. 
 
 Denmark — with ships and troops. 
 
 Venezuela — with ships and troops 
 
 Mexico — with ships and troops. 
 
 Costa Rica — with ships and troops. 
 
 Hayti — with ships and troops. 
 
 Argentine Republic — with ships and troops. 
 
 Dominican Republic — with ships and troops. 
 
 Cuba — with troops and civil delegation. 
 
 Guatemala — with troops and civil delegation. 
 
 Switzerland — civil delegation. 
 
 Belgium — with ships and troops. 
 
 The WARPATH will contain the latest novelties and best col- 
 lection of amusements ever grouped at an Exposition. The 
 public amusements provided by the Exposition are of fine 
 character and of great variety. 
 
 The Grand Piers, each 200 feet in width, extend nearly 
 2,000 feet out into Hampton Roads. On the shore line there 
 are handsome landing stations. The outer ends are connected 
 by an arched pier also 200 feet in width, under which small 
 craft make their ingress and egress to and from the Grand 
 Basin. At the ends of the main piers tall towers are used for 
 the exhibit of the Light House Service and wireless telegraphy. 
 Thousands of incandescent lights illuminate the entire stretch 
 of pier way, and monster searchlights surmount the towers. 
 
 The Intramural Railway makes almost a complete circuit of 
 the Exposition grounds, having one terminus at the end of the 
 commercial pier, and the other at the entrance to the Grand 
 Piers. 
 
94 CONVENTIONS 
 
 Conventions 
 
 May 
 
 1-6 National Council of Women — Mrs. Lillian Hol- 
 lister, Detroit, Michigan. 
 
 1-7 Virginia Polytechnic Institute — J. M. McBride, 
 President, Blacksburg, Va. 
 
 5-1 1 Hoge Memorial Military Academy — Col. E. B. 
 Fishburne, Principal, Blackstone, Va. 
 
 6-7 League of American Sportsmen — (7th SpecialDay). 
 7-8 National Machine Tool Builders' Assn. — P. E. 
 Montanus, Springfield, Ohio. 
 
 10th Independent Order Odd Fellows, Grand Lodge 
 Of Virginia — P. M. Bradshaw, Alexandria, Va. 
 
 3d wk Cotton Seed Crushers' Assn. — Robt. Gibson, 
 198 Main St., Dallas, Texas. 
 
 10-25 National Lumber Manufacturers' Association 
 — George K. Smith, St. Louis, Mo. 
 15th Virginia Redmen's Day. 
 
 15th Association Officials Bureau of Labor Statis- 
 tics of America — W. L. A. Johnson, Topeka, Kan. 
 
 20th Structural Building Trades Alliance — William 
 J. Spencer, Box 7, Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 17th Baptists of North America — J. N. Partridge, 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 21st Virginia Branch, Junior Order United Ameri- 
 cans — J. W. Grimstead, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 2 2d Brooklyn Day — Bird S. Coler, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 26-31 Fishbourne Military School — Major M. H. 
 Hudgins, Waynesbore, Va. 
 
 27-31 Georgia Military Academy (Last of South 
 Carolina Press Association) — E. H. Aull, President New- 
 berry, S. C. 
 
 Rebekah State Assembly, I. O. O. F. — Miss Lillian 
 Roberts, West Point, Va. 
 
 North Carolina Pine Association — John R. 
 Walker, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Railway Claim Agents' Association — M. L. 
 Stanley, Claim Attorney S. A. L. Portsmouth, Va. 
 
CONVENTIONS 95 
 
 June 
 
 3-13 St. John's Cadets — Prof. Thomas Fell, President, 
 Annapolis, Md. 
 
 6th Women's Club Day (General Federation Women's 
 Clubs)— Mrs. Guy B. C. Allen, Wheeling, W. Va. 
 
 5th Order Heptasophs or Seven Wise Men — George 
 W. Wright, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 5th Colonial Dames of America — -Mrs. Joseph C. 
 Lamar, Augusta, Ga. 
 
 5-15 New Jersey Military Academy — Col. C. J. Wright, 
 Freehold, N. J. * 
 
 7-8 Woman's National Press Association — -Mrs. Ellen 
 Cromwell, Washington, D. C. 
 
 10th Georgia Day. 
 
 10th United Druids of Virginia — F. J. Sweeney, 
 Newport News, Va. 
 
 10-16 Virginia Military Institute— Scott Shipp, Super- 
 intendent, Lexington, Va. 
 
 nth District of Columbia Day — H. F. Macfarland, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 12th Virginia Day. 
 
 15th National Apple Day — Prof. John Craig, Ithaca, 
 N. Y. 
 
 16th Benevolent and Pro. Order Elks Day — J. S. 
 Barron, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 16-22 Decatur Cadets — James M. Cowan, Decatur, 111. 
 
 17th Massachusetts Day. 
 
 17-22 Travelers' Protective Association (19th Special 
 Day) — Louis T. Le Beaume, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 17-22 American Institute 'Homeopathy (18th Special 
 Day)— Dr. C. Catchell, Chicago, 111. 
 
 18-23 International Association Chiefs of Police 
 (20th Special Day) — Major Richard Sylvester, Washington, D. C. 
 
 19th Railway Telegraph Superintendents Associ- 
 ation (Special Meeting) — P. W. Drew, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 20-23 Virginia Bankers' Association.— N. P. Catling, 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
96 CONVENTIONS 
 
 '■"" 27th Tennessee Woman's Press and Authors Club — 
 Mrs. C. T. Grove, 636 Douglas St., Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 28th South Carolina Day. 
 
 28-1 First Kentucky Infantry. National Guard 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 13-15 United Commercial Travelers' Association— 
 
 C F. Brown, Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 10-14 National Editorial Association— Wm. A. Ash- 
 brook, Johnstone, Ohio. 
 
 July 
 
 2d West Virginia Day. 
 
 4-6 National Association of Deaf (5th SpecialDay)— 
 J as. H. Cloud, St. Louis, Mo. 
 5th American Boy Day. 
 
 8-13 International Theatrical Stage Employes' 
 Alliance— Lee M. Hart, 353 State St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 io-ii Seaboard Air Line Surgeons' Association— Dr. 
 J. W. Palmer, Ailey, Ga. 
 
 15th Georgia Press Association (Special Meeting). 
 19th Womens Christian Temperance Union of Vir- 
 ginia— Mrs. L. A. Sheperd, Lincoln, Va. 
 
 19-31 Swifts Mission Brigade (Pennsylvania). 
 
 20-27 5TH Regiment Infantry of Maryland (Baltimore). 
 
 23d Ladies of The Maccabees — Mrs. Lillian Hollister, 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 27th National Association Amateur Photographers 
 of America — Harry Noertman, Box 567, St. Louis. 
 
 30-1 Virginia Bar Association (State) — Robert W. 
 
 Withers, Suffolk, Va. 
 
 United Confederate Veterans, Tennessee, 
 
 (Special Meeting). 
 
 August 
 
 1-7 National Confectionery Salesmen's Associa- 
 TioN-Wm. R. Moffat, 1237 Erie St., Phil., Pa. 
 
 3-10 Knights of Pythias of Ohio (Encampment, 
 
 7 th K. P. Day). 
 
 5-9 American Institute of Osteopathy (6th Special 
 
 D ay )-— H. L. Chiles, Auburn, N. Y. 
 
CONVENTIONS 97 
 
 6th Knights of Columbus — Daniel Colwell, New Haven, 
 Conn. 
 
 7-9 National Jobbing Confectioners' Association 
 (8th Special Day) — D. E. Alcorn, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 8th Ohio Day. 
 
 nth National Haymaker's Association — M. Trum- 
 bauer, Holmesburg Sta., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 n-17 Knights of Maccabees (Encampment) — Major- 
 General W. H. Sletzer, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 15th Jolly Jokers' Club — Miss Lena Haralson, Nash- 
 ville, Term. 
 
 17th Francis Lewis Reunion. 
 
 18-24 Woodmen of The World (22d Special Day) — ■ 
 Major General John. T. Yates, Omaha, Neb. 
 
 19th Merriweather-Lewis Reunion — Frank Lewis, 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 20-22 National Association Municipal Electricians 
 — F. P. Foster, Corning, N. Y. 
 
 28-30 Firemen of Virginia — George G. Cumming, 201 
 4th St., Portsmouth, Va. 
 
 29th Knights of Pythias, Virginia Brigade — General 
 D. J. Truner, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 September 
 
 2-7 Fraternal Order of Eagles (5th Special Day) — 
 H. S. Arrington, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 9-12 Independent Order Rechabites (7th Special 
 Day) — John C. Moore, Washington. D. C. 
 
 9-16 Improved Order Redmen, Great Council, 
 (12th Special Day) — Wilson Brooks, 234 La Salle St., Chicago, 
 111. 
 
 10th Rhode Island Day. 
 
 10-12 Jamestown Dental Convention (nth Special 
 Day) — Dr. Burton Lee Thorpe, St. Louis. 
 
 10-12 Southern Branch National Dental Associa- 
 tion — Dr. C. J. Grieves, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 10-12 Virginia State Dental Association — Dr. J. Hall 
 Moore, Richmond, Va. 
 
98 CONVENTIONS 
 
 10-14 American Veterans of Foreign Service (14th 
 vSpecial Day) — Jos. Leicht, 12th and Race Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 11-16 Superintendents and Workers Conference. 
 12th Maryland Day. 
 
 16-19 American Anti-Saloon League — Rev. J. M. 
 West, Richmond, Va. 
 
 14th Gospel Army — James H. Little, 1114C. St., Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 20th Missouri Day. 
 21st Temperance Day. 
 
 23d Robert Fulton Memorial Day — Hugh Gordon 
 Miller, New York. 
 
 25th Society of Colonial Wars — Howland Pell, 45 
 William St., New York. 
 
 26-27 American Peanut Growers' Congress — G. T. 
 Stephenson, Pendleton, N. C. 
 
 National Association Veterans of The Mexican 
 War — Louis F. Beeler, 5 N. Broadway, N. Y. 
 
 National Association Master Composition Roof- 
 ers of the U. S. — -Wm. K. Thomas, 61 Warren St., Chicago, 111. 
 State Liquor Dealers' Association — John A. 
 Losnor, President, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 List of American Pomological Society (Special 
 Meeting) — Prof. John Craig, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 American Federation Horticultural Societies — 
 C. E. Bassett, Fennville, Mich. 
 
 Society of Horticultural Science — Prof. H. H 
 Bailey, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 October 
 
 3d New Jersey Day. 
 
 4th Pennsylvania Day. 
 
 7-12 Ancient and Honorable Artillery (Boston). 
 
 7-9 Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Virginia — A. J. 
 Hubard, Richmond, Va. 
 
 8-9 National Funeral Directors' Association — H. 
 M. Kilpatrick, Elmwood, Ills. 
 
 8-9 Fertilizer Manufacturers' Association (9th 
 Special Day) — W. G. Sadler, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
CONVENTIONS 99 
 
 9th Virginia Daughters of The Confederacy — Mrs. 
 James Y. Leigh, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 10th Grand Commandery Knights Templar (Vir- 
 ginia) — T. J. Nottingham, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 nth Daughters of The Revolution (Special) — Miss 
 E. Pierce, Washington, D. C. 
 
 n-12 Sons of The American Revolution (Special) — • 
 
 A. Howard Clark, Washington, D. C. 
 
 11-17 Disciples of Christ (17th Special- Day) — Dr. 
 
 B. C. Long, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 11-20 Troop "A' 7 Governor's Guard, Hartford, Conn. 
 
 13-14 Junior Order United American Mechanics 
 (State Council of Virginia) — Thomas B. Ivey, Petersburg, Va. 
 
 15th Brooklyn Day. 
 
 15-17 Ancient And Illustrious Knights of Malta 
 (17th Special Day) — Frank Gray, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 15-18 Military Surgeons of The U. S. — Major James 
 Pilcher, Carlisle, Pa. 
 
 16th Connecticut Day. 
 
 17-20 Virginia Christian Endeavor Association — Miss 
 Lula G. Phillips, 525 N. 24th St., Richmond, Va. 
 
 1 8th National Christian Endeavor Day. 
 
 21-23 Brotherhood of America Sup. Circle — A. J. 
 Eggleston, 461 Moyer St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 22-24 National Association Agricultural Implement 
 and Vehicle Manufacturers (24th Special Day) j — J. A. 
 Sanford, 422 Home Ins. Bldg., Chicago, 111. 
 
 2d wk Interstate Association Live Stock Sanitary 
 Board — S. Ward, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Colombian Woodmen — Jonathan Frost, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 November 
 
 4-6 National Council of Jewish Women — Mrs. 
 Pauline H. Rosenberg, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 11— 13 American Federation of Labor (13th Special 
 Day) — Frank Morrison. 423 G. St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 13-14 United Daughters of The Confederacy (14th 
 Special Day) — Mrs. E. G. Henderson, President, Gulfport, Miss. 
 
 2d wk National Council of Horticulture (Special 
 Meeting) — H. C. Irish, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1 nrr 
 
HANDY GUIDES 
 
 TO 
 
 New York City 
 Boston 
 Philadelphia 
 Washington 
 Hudson River and 
 Catskill Mountains 
 
 This new series of Guides gives in 
 Volumes of "handy" size the inform- 
 ation generally desired by travelers 
 seeking health, pleasure, or business. 
 
 PRICE OF EACH GUIDE. 25 CENTS. 
 
 Hotel information and printed matter for any of the 
 above cities sent on request. 
 
 Rand, McNally & Co. 
 
 CHICAGO NEW YORK 
 
CONVENTIONS 101 
 
 Special Events 
 
 Fourteen of the twenty-three States that have buildings at 
 the Jamestown Exposition will have special days on which to 
 celebrate in honor of their State. Following is a list: 
 
 Georgia day, June ioth. 
 
 Virginia day, June 12th. 
 
 South Carolina day, June 28th. 
 
 West Virginia day, July 2d. 
 
 Massachusetts day, September 3d. 
 
 Rhode Island day, September ioth. 
 
 Maryland day, September 12th. 
 
 Vermont day, September 18th. 
 
 Missouri day, September 21st. 
 
 North Carolina day, August 15th. 
 
 Louisiana day, August 2 2d. 
 
 New Jersey day, October 3d. 
 
 Pennsylvania day, October 4th. 
 
 Connecticut day, October 16th. 
 In addition to the State days, Virginia and North Carolina 
 will celebrate a "Home Coming Week," Virginia selecting June 
 nth, and North Carolina, August 12th, each continuing for 
 seven days. 
 
 H. SEELINGER'S STAG HOTEL 
 
 AND 
 
 Ladies* and Gentlemen's Cafe and Restaurant 
 
 39-41 CITY HALL AVE. 
 
 EVERYTHING THE BEST 
 
 Steamed Oysters a Specialty 
 
 otel, Cafe, and Restaurant Handsomely Equipped, Prompt 
 and Polite Service, Moderate Prices 
 
102 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 103 
 
 Historical Events of Virginia 
 
 1492-1605 
 
 Prelude 
 
 By royal authority of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, 
 on August 3, 1492, at Palos, a small seaport of Spain, three sailing 
 vessels, no larger than the yachts of to-day, started on a voyage 
 of discovery across the Atlantic Ocean. These vessels were the 
 "Santa Maria," "Pinta," and the "Nina," commanded by 
 Christopher Columbus, a bold Italian navigator. The total 
 number of persons on board the three ships was one hundred and 
 twenty. On October 11, 1492, land was sighted, and on the 12th 
 Christopher Columbus and his men landed at the island of San 
 Salvador, set up the royal standard of Castile and Leon, and 
 thus took possession of the land for the crown of Spain. 
 
 Columbus found the island already inhabited by a peaceful 
 race of brown skin, naked savages, whom he called "Indians." 
 He next sailed southward, and discovered the islands of Cuba 
 and Hayti, which were also populated with the brown skin 
 savages. After exploring these islands, Columbus returned to 
 Spain in 1493. Later he made three other voyages, establishing 
 colonies in the West India Islands, and discovering South 
 America near the mouth of Orinoco River, in 1498. Columbus 
 died at Valladolid, Spain, May 20,. 1506, at the age of seventy- 
 two years, and later his remains were transferred to Havanna, 
 Cuba, and interred with highest honors. After the Spanish- 
 American conflict, his remains were removed to Spain. 
 
 During 1497, John Cabot, an Italian, and his son Sebastian, 
 commanding an English fleet, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, and 
 landed on the main continent of North America, near Cape 
 Breton, but no settlement was established. 
 
 In 1498, Sebastian Cabot made another voyage, landing 
 near Labrador. He then sailed south along the Atlantic coast 
 to what we now call Virginia, claiming all the land he discovered 
 for the crown of England. No settlements were established, 
 however. 
 
 In 1512, Ponce de Leon sailed from the West Indies, and 
 took possession of Florida in the name of Spain, but his people 
 were driven away by the Indians, and he was mortally wounded. 
 
104 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 In 1 5 13, Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and dis- 
 covered the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 In 1 5 19, Ferdinand Cortez sailed from Cuba, and landed at 
 Vera Cruz, Mexico. Mexico was then inhabited by a powerful 
 race called Aztecs. They were a much higher race than the 
 Indians, being civilized, and living in cities containing great 
 palaces and temples. They also had a written language, books, 
 and cultivated the soil. The Aztec emperor was named Monte- 
 zuma. After three years of warfare, Cortez took possession of 
 the whole country of Mexico in the name of Spain. 
 
 In 1524, the King of France sent a navigator named Verraz- 
 zani to America, and he sailed along the coast from Florida to 
 Newfoundland, where he set up the standard of the French 
 monarch, and called the country New France. 
 
 Americus Vespucius discovered parts of South America after 
 Columbus' first discovery. 
 
 In 1534, Jacques Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence River, 
 and claimed Canada in the name of France. 
 
 In 1 541, Ferdinand de Soto sailed from the West Indies to 
 Florida. From there he marched as far north as what is now 
 Georgia, and then westerly to the Mississippi River, which he 
 discovered, and claimed the country in the name of Spain. 
 
 In 1562, French Huguenots established a colony at St. 
 Augustine, Florida, but in 1565, the Spanish massacred the 
 French at St. Augustine. A few years after this, Don Pedro 
 Morques, governor of Florida, sailed north along the coast, and 
 entered the "Bay of Santa Maria," which is now the Chesapeake 
 Bay. He sent a party of men to form a settlement in this 
 vicinity, but the expedition failed. 
 
 In 1576, England sent an expedition to explore America, but 
 it failed. 
 
 In 1583, Sir Walter Raleigh sent an expedition in command 
 of Sir Humphrey Gilbert. The island of St. John was reached, 
 but his fleet was scattered by a storm, and Gilbert's own ship 
 sunk. 
 
 In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh secured a patent to explore and 
 settle America, and in 1585, he sent out a colony in command of 
 Sir Richard Grenville, who landed and established a settlement 
 at Roanoke Island in Albemarle Sound (North Carolina). It 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 105 
 
 was abandoned, however, the settlers returning to England with 
 Sir Francis Drake. A second colony was founded at the same 
 place, and it lasted until 1587. The governor (White) went to 
 England for supplies, leaving behind him eighty-nine men, 
 seventeen women, and eleven children, among the latter his 
 daughter Ellinor and his granddaughter, Virginia Dare, the first 
 English child born in America. When Governor White returned 
 to Roanoke Island, he found it deserted. The settlers had 
 disappeared. No trace of them has ever been found, and their 
 fate will always remain an unsolved mystery. 
 
 In 1605, the French permanently established Port Royal in 
 Arcadia (now Nova Scotia), and Quebec (Canada), in 1608. 
 
 Virginia 1607-1907 
 
 With the failure of the colony at Roanoke Island, all hopes of 
 establishing her claim to Virginia was abandoned by England, 
 and no further effort was made until 1606, when Bartholomew 
 Gosnold, who had made the first direct voyage across the 
 Atlantic to New England, began a movement toward establishing 
 a colony in Virginia. He became acquainted with John Smith, 
 a famous soldier who had just returned to England from the 
 Turkish war in Transylvania, and with his aid formed a company 
 composed of Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Summers, Robert 
 Hunt, a clergyman, Edward M. Wingfield, a merchant, Richard 
 Hakluyt, prebendary of Westminster, Bartholomew Gosnold, 
 and John Smith, of London, England. 
 
 A charter was secured from James I, on April 10, 1606, under 
 the style of the London Company, the right being given to estab- 
 lish a colony in southern Virginia, that great territory which 
 England had laid claim to in 1497, extending along the Atlantic 
 coast from the present states of Maine to Florida, and as far west 
 as the Mississippi River. The territory granted the London 
 Company was restricted to an area extending fifty miles north, 
 and fifty miles south of the spot selected for settlement, and one 
 hundred miles westward, and one hundred miles eastward, 
 embracing all islands along the coast within that distance. The 
 colony was to be governed by a great council of thirteen, in Lon- 
 don, appointed by the King, and a subordinate council in Virginia, 
 appointed by the great council, was to follow its instructions 
 
100 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 107 
 
 On December 19, 1606, one hundred and five colonists, in 
 three small vessels, one of twenty tons, one of forty, and one of 
 one hundred tons, started down the River Thames, for Virginia. • 
 The names of the vessels were the "Discovery," the "Good- 
 speed," and the "Susan Constant." They were commanded 
 by Captain Christopher Newport. During the voyage across the 
 Atlantic Ocean, John Smith was arrested by the other leaders, 
 who charged him with designs to murder them, and proclaim 
 himself "King of Virginia." He remained under arrest until 
 after arrival at Virginia, when the first American jury tried and 
 acquitted him. After nearly three months on the ocean, the 
 West Indies were reached in the early spring. The fleet then 
 sailed northward along the Atlantic Coast, with the intention of 
 landing at Roanoke Island, and establishing the colony at the 
 old site; but a storm drove the vessels further north, and April 
 26, 1607, they entered between the Capes of Virginia, naming the 
 southern, Henry, after the Prince of Wales, and the northern, 
 Charles, after his brother. 
 
 A party landed just inside the capes, but were driven back 
 to their boats by the Indians. On the old lighthouse at Cape 
 Henry a bronze tablet commemorates this landing. 
 
 As the ships approached the shores of Chesapeake Bay, the 
 storm subsided, and they named the place Point Comfort. The 
 second landing was at an Indian village called Kecoughtan (now 
 Hampton), where they were received in a friendly manner. A 
 few days later, the ships sailed up the Powhatan River, which 
 was renamed James River in honor of the King, and after landing 
 at various places along its shores, the colonists finally disem- 
 barked May, 13, 1607 at a low peninsula on the north side of the 
 river, about forty miles above its mouth, and called the place 
 Jamestown, in honor of the King of England. 
 
 As soon as the colonists landed, they erected tents in which to 
 live, and the first church was constructed of an old sail stretched 
 between two trees, and a bar of wood nailed beneath it to serve 
 as a reading desk. Rev. Robert Hunt was the first clergyman. 
 The first council was composed of Edward M. Wingfield, Christo- 
 pher Newport, John Ratcliff , Bartholomew Gosnold, John Smith, 
 George Kendall, and John Martin. Wingfield was appointed 
 president, but he and nearly all the other councillors soon proved 
 to be unfitted for their positions. 
 
,8 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 The settlers went actively to work, built log cabins, a larger 
 church of logs with thatched roof, and much progress was made 
 during the early summer. Newport sailed for England to report 
 and obtain supplies, but during his absence disaster overtook 
 the colony. The Indians attacked the settlers, killing one and 
 wounding seventeen others. With July came fever, which 
 prostrated the entire colony. The food supply gave out, and 
 famine stared them in the face. By September the fever and 
 famine had swept away fifty men, about one-half the colony, and 
 among the dead were Bartholomew Gosnold and Thomas 
 Studley, who was treasurer of the colony. 
 
 John Smith was left to contend with Wingfield and his 
 followers who had become dissatisfied with the enterprise. 
 Wingfield and Kendall attempted to seize the "Pinnace"and 
 escape to England, but the colonists dealt promptly with them. 
 They were deposed from the council, and Ratcliff was elected 
 president, but he proved to be no better than his predecessor. 
 The only hope of the settlers was John Smith, whom they 
 looked upon as their leader. He made several expeditions down 
 the James River in search of corn ; his return from one of these 
 trips was most opportune, as Wingfield and Kendall had again 
 attempted to escape, when Smith opened fire on them with 
 cannon, compelling them to surrender. Kendall, the ringleader 
 of the conspiracy, was tried by a jury, found guilty, and shot. 
 Wingfield was spared, but deprived of all authority. The fall 
 came, driving away the malaria and restoring the sick. Fish 
 and wild fowl became plentiful, and there was no longer danger 
 of famine. Smith, who was acting president, retired, and on 
 December 10, 1607, set out in a barge with a party of men, 
 ascending the Chickahominy River, to a point now known as 
 White Oak Swamp, landed with an Indian guide, was captured, 
 and taken before Chief Opechancanough, brother of Powhatan, 
 bound to a tree, and was about to be killed, when by showing a 
 small pocket compass to the Indians, his life was spared. He 
 was carried across the country to Werowocomoco, the "Chief 
 Place of Council" of Emperor Powhatan, on the York River. 
 
 He was carried before Powhatan, and condemned to die. 
 Two large stones were brought, and he was bound and forced to 
 kneel with his head upon them. Indian warriors stood with 
 
t 
 
 hi 
 
 Stcl 
 
 ern 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 111 
 
 Baltimore stands, traveling over three thousand miles, and 
 returning to Jamestown in September, 1608. 
 
 At the end of autumn, Newport arrived at Jamestown for the 
 third time, bringing a number of settlers, among them being 
 Mistress Forrest and her maid Anne Burras, who was afterwards 
 married to John Laydon, this being the first English marriage 
 in America. 
 
 After vainly endeavoring to discover gold or the South Sea 
 near the upper waters of the James River, Newport again took 
 his departure for England. 
 
 Smith forced the idlers to work, and they planted corn and 
 constructed "a fort for a retreat," evidently the old "stone 
 house" standing on a ridge along Ware Creek, which empties 
 into the York River. His influence among the Indians was 
 powerful, and they continued on friendly terms with the English 
 as long as he remained at the head of the colony. 
 
 At the end of May, 1609, a fleet commanded by Christopher 
 Newport sailed from England for Virginia with five hundred new 
 settlers. When within eight days' sail of Virginia, the fleet 
 encountered a severe storm, one of the vessels was lost, and the 
 "Sea Venture," with the rulers and one hundred and fifty per- 
 sons, was separated and went ashore on the Bermuda Islands. 
 The remainder of the fleet finally reached Chesapeake Bay, 
 and found safety in Hampton Roads, August, 1609. 
 
 Proceeding to Jamestown with the fleet, Ratcliff proclaimed 
 authority in the name of the rulers, and went about the town 
 denouncing Smith as a usurper, when Smith arrested him and 
 his followers, placing them in confinement to await trial. This 
 incident so disheartened Smith that he resigned his position 
 in favor to Martin, whom he had sent to Nansemond to form a 
 branch settlement, but Martin was in such fear of the Indians 
 that he fled to Jamestown, leaving his company to their own 
 fortunes. 
 
 John Smith sailed up the James River with a small party, and 
 established a subordinate colony near the present site of Rich- 
 mond, naming it "Nonesuch"; but on his return to Jamestown, 
 a bag of gunpowder exploded in the boat, wounding him very 
 badly. He was taken to Jamestown, but there was no one to 
 dress his wounds properly. His past services were forgotten, 
 
112 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 and an attempt was made to murder him while he was helpless 
 on his bed. And he finally returned to England in September, 
 never to again visit Virginia. 
 
 After returning to London and recovering from his injuries, 
 Smith made another voyage across the Atlantic, in 1614, to 
 New England, gave the names of Boston and others to points 
 along the coast, and made a partial exploration of the country. 
 The result is said to have lead to its settlement by the Puritan 
 Pilgrims. James I. conferred on him the title of "Admiral of 
 New England." 
 
 After the departure of John Smith from Virginia, Pocahontas 
 did not visit Jamestown again voluntarily, but in 161 2 was 
 taken prisoner by Captain Samuel Argall, and remained at 
 Jamestown until the spring of 161 3. Pocahontas had often 
 headed small bands of Indians laden with corn, which she would 
 bring from Werewocomoco to the settlers at Jamestown, after 
 she had so nobly saved the life of John Smith, whom she looked 
 on as the leader of the colonists. 
 
 During Smith's imprisonment at Werewocomoco, it is said he 
 often made toys for Pocahontas, and she became very much 
 attached to him, calling him "father"; but after his departure 
 for England, she was not seen at Jamestown again until cap- 
 tured and carried there. Captain Argall solicited a personal 
 interview with Powhatan by sending two couriers, Master John 
 Rolfe and Master Sparks, through the woods to his retreat; but 
 Powhatan would not receive them. Pocahontas seemed 
 depressed at her father's attitude, and decided to dwell with the 
 English . 
 
 Master John Rolfe and Pocahontas fell in love with each 
 other, and were married in April, 16 13, Powhatan having 
 finally given his consent. The scene was the church at James- 
 town, and the sacred edifice was filled with representatives of 
 several Indian tribes and the English colonists, who witnessed 
 the union of these two nations. Pocahontas was christened 
 Rebecca, and was eighteen years old when she married John 
 Rolfe. 
 
 When Smith left Virginia in September, 1609, Jamestown 
 was in a prosperous condition, and subordinate settlements at 
 "Nonesuch," Point Comfort, Nansemond, and elsewhere were 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 113 
 
 thriving well; but George Percy found the arduous task before 
 him too much for his strength, and the prospect before the colony 
 began to grow gloomy. The Indians assumed a hostile attitude, 
 attacking and murdering all the settlers they encountered. 
 Ratcliff, with a party of thirty men, who were on their way to 
 visit Powhatan, were ambushed, and all except one man and a 
 boy were killed, these two being saved by Pocahontas. Governor 
 George Percy was ill, Ratcliff was dead, and West, who was head 
 of the colony at "Nonesuch," in despair sailed for England. 
 With every passing hour the prospect grew darker. Thirty 
 men ran off with one of the vessels, and became buccaneers. 
 Every day death visited some house, and when the owner was 
 buried, the house was torn down and used for firewood. The 
 palisades were also burned, and the men, women, and children, 
 who were starving, lost all fear of the Indians. The colony was 
 tottering on the verge of destruction. Of nearly five hundred 
 persons at Jamestown in September, 1609, only about sixty 
 were alive in May, 16 10. 
 
 The end was near, and the little group of settlers were 
 huddled together behind the dismantled palisades, and could 
 not have survived much longer. But help was coming. Sir 
 Thomas Gates and Sir George Somers, who had been wrecked 
 upon the Bermuda Islands, had built two small ships, the 
 "Patience" and "Deliverance," and sailed for Jamestown, 
 where they arrived towards the last days of May, 1610. A 
 scene of desolation greeted them, and despairing at finding 
 famine where they expected abundance, they decided to sail for 
 England, and take the remnant of the colony with them. 
 
 On June 7, 1610, the "Patience" and "Deliverance," with 
 two vessels which were at Jamestown, sailed for England, carry- 
 ing the colonists who had struggled for over three years to 
 establish an English settlement in America. On the following 
 morning, the little fleet, which had anchored for the night 
 previous off Mulberry Island, were about to continue their 
 journey, when a rowboat was sighted coming toward them. It 
 brought joyful tidings. Lord Delaware had arrived with three 
 vessels from England, had heard at the lower settlement (Point 
 Comfort) that Jamestown was about to be deserted, and had 
 sent his long boat with dispatches directing Gates and Somers to 
 
114 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 115 
 
 return to Jamestown, where he would soon join them, and, 
 accordingly, the colonists again landed at the place they had 
 only the day before abandoned. 
 
 On June ioth (Sunday), Lord Delaware landed, and after 
 kneeling and offering a prayer, he delivered an address encourag- 
 ing the colonists. Events had followed each other like scenes 
 on the stage of a theater. The curtain had slowly descended on 
 the desolate picture of the abandoned colony, and risen again 
 on a busy and bustling scene. In the space of three days, the 
 Virginia colony had perished and come to life again. 
 
 Virginia, under Lord Delaware, became a well organized 
 colony, and Jamestown was a scene of tranquility, but he did 
 not remain in Virginia long, as his health became bad, and he was 
 forced to return to England, during March, 1611. 
 
 In May, 161 1, Sir Thomas Dale came as "High Marshall" of 
 Virginia, and found a hard task before him. A conspiracy was 
 entered into by a number of the malcontents, but Dale promptly 
 crushed it by putting the leaders to death. Sir Thomas Gates, 
 who had gone to England some time before, returned during the 
 summer, bringing a supply of provisions and three hundred 
 additional colonists. 
 
 In September, 161 1, Sir Thomas Dale, with three hundred 
 and fifty men, made a voyage up the James River, and founded 
 the city of "Henricus," within the plateau just above "Dutch 
 Gap," and nearly surrounded by what is now known as the 
 "Seven Mile Loop" of James River. The place was named in 
 honor of Prince Henry, son of James I. 
 
 In 161 5, Sir Thomas Dale induced the London Company to 
 grant fifty acres of land in fee simple to each colonist, who would 
 clear and settle on them, and pay a nominal yearly rental to the 
 king, and any one paying into the treasury the sum of twelve 
 pounds, ten shillings, should own one hundred acres, to be 
 located wherever selected; and whoever performed a public 
 service to the Company or colony was to be rewarded with a 
 grant not to exceed -two thotisand acres. Thus began the 
 absolute tenure of real estate in Virginia. 
 
 When Sir Thomas Dale returned to England in 161 6, John 
 Rolfe and Pocahontas accompanied him. George Yeardley 
 was made governor of the Virginia colony, which was now growing 
 
116 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 rapidly. Settlements extended from Varina to Dale's Gift on 
 the coast, near Cape Charles. Yeardley introduced the culti- 
 vation of tobacco, and finding it commercially valuable in 
 Europe, the settlers began to plant it, and it soon became a great 
 staple of Virginia. 
 
 Pocahontas, with her husband, arrived at London in the 
 early summer of 1616, and was presented at Court by Lady 
 Delaware. She was received with great distinction. During 
 her stay in London, she accidentally met Captain John Smith, 
 who had just returned from France. It is said that Pocahontas 
 had been told that John Smith was dead, and she was much sur- 
 prised upon meeting him again. The interview was very brief, 
 and his manner of addressing her as "Lady Rebecca" seemed to 
 offend her, and she tearfully reproached him for his formality. 
 This was probably the last time they saw each other, as Poca- 
 hontas died suddenly at Gravesend, in March, 161 7, and was 
 buried in the parish church, where her name was registered as 
 "Rebecca Wrothe." The church was afterwards burned, and 
 the exact spot of her grave is unmarked. She was twenty- two 
 years old when she died, her career being a brief and pathetic 
 one, which has appealed to the human heart in every land. 
 
 John Rolfe returned to Virginia, where he became a promi- 
 nent official. His son, Thomas Rolfe, was reared in London, 
 and when a young man he came to Virginia and commanded 
 Fort James on the Chickahominy River. Later he married in 
 England, but again returned to Virginia, and some of the most 
 respectable families in this state are descended from him. 
 
 Powhatan was now past seventy years old and the death 
 of Pocahontas had been a severe blow to him. He retired to 
 Orapax, where he died in 161 8. The exact spot of his burial 
 place is not known, but his dust probably reposes near the 
 present Cold Harbor. 
 
 In 1 61 7, Captain Samuel Argall went to England and by 
 intrigue succeeded George Yeardley. He ruled as deputy- 
 governor and admiral of Virginia, until April 19, 1619, when 
 he was succeeded by George Yeardley again, who was made 
 governor- general. James I. had by a new charter to the 
 London Company granted Virginia representative government, 
 and on July 30, 1619, the first legislative body that ever sat 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 117 
 
 in America assembled at Jamestown. The assembly consisted 
 of twenty- two members, and the first session was held in the Old 
 Church. The Speaker was Master John Pory, and the session 
 was opened with prayer by Rev. Mr. Bucke, after which the 
 Burgesses took the oath of supremacy. 
 
 In 1618, Sir Walter Raleigh was executed in England. 
 
 During the summer of 161 9, Sir Edwin Sandys sent to 
 Virginia ninety young women of unexceptionable characters, 
 who had volunteered to become wives for the settlers. On 
 arrival of ship, each man selected his wife and paid to the agent 
 of the London Company one hundred and twenty pounds of 
 tobacco, and was at once married. The arrangement was so 
 successful that sixty other maids came to Virginia for the same 
 purpose. 
 
 About the last of August, 161 9, a Dutch ship sailed up the 
 James River bringing to Virginia twenty African slaves, the 
 first negroes ever brought to North America. They were pur- 
 chased by the planters and scattered throughout the plantations 
 to cultivate tobacco. From this small number, the negroes 
 multiplied year after year until their numbers now reach into 
 millions. 
 
 After the death of Powhatan in 161 8, Opitchapan, then an 
 old man, became chief, but he was quickly succeeded by Opechan- 
 canough, who secretly plotted for four years to exterminate the 
 English. And in the early spring of 1622, the Indians attacked 
 the English at every settlement from Falling Creek to the Vir- 
 ginia Capes, at the same day and hour, killing three hundred 
 and forty seven persons. The surviving colonists arose en masse 
 and hunted down the Indians, butchering them in every di- 
 rection without mercy. 
 
 In 1624, James I. took the government of the Virginia 
 colony out of the hands of the London Company, and began to 
 compose a new set of laws for Virginia, but before completing 
 the work, he died in March, 1625, and Charles I. became King 
 of England, and officially recognized the Virginia Burgesses as 
 a branch of the English government. 
 
 The figures of governors come and go in long procession: 
 Francis Wyatt was governor during 1625, but returned to Eng- 
 land and George Yeardley resumed authority until his death in 
 
118 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 119 
 
 1627, when he was succeeded by Francis West, brother of Lord 
 Delaware. In 1628, he gave way to John Pott, whose rule was 
 brief and uneventful. 
 
 In 1629, came Sir John Harvey who ruled the Virginians in 
 a most tyrannical manner, until April 28, 1635, when he was 
 thrust out of the government by the Virginia Assembly, but 
 appealed to Charles I. who ordered him back to Virginia, 
 where a little later he was succeeded by Francis Wyatt who 
 returned from England and ruled as governor for two years, 
 until the arrival of Sir William Berkeley, ' who for more than 
 thirty years, was one of the most conspicuous figures in Virginia 
 history. 
 
 John Smith died in the year 1631, at the age of fifty-two 
 and was buried under the chancel of Saint Sepulchres Church, 
 London. 
 
 In 1634, Cecilius Calvert (the second Lord Baltimore), who 
 had obtained a grant through his father, from Charles. I., 
 sent Leonard Calvert with twenty "gentlemen" and three hun- 
 dred "laborers" to Virginia, who founded a colony on the banks 
 of the Chesapeake Bay, and named it Maryland, after "Queen 
 Mary." This grant was obtained for the purpose of securing 
 the free exercise of his (Roman Catholic) religion, and marked 
 the first arrival of Catholics in Virginia. The settlement estab- 
 lished is now known as St. Mary's, and is the oldest, and one of 
 the most historical places in Maryland. 
 
 Episcopal Church, Smithfield, Va., built in 1632. 
 
 When Sir William Berkeley became governor of Virginia, 
 he was forty years old. He married a lady of Warwick County 
 soon after his arrival, and lived at "Green Spring, " an estate of 
 about one thousand acres near Jamestown. On April 18, 
 1644, the Indians attacked the settlers along the York and 
 Pamunkey rivers, killing about three hundred of them, and 
 Sir William Berkeley marched with a body of horsemen to the 
 scene, routing the Indians and capturing Opechancanough, 
 whom he carried a prisoner to Jamestown, where a guard shot 
 the chief in the back. This wound caused his death, and ended, 
 for a time, the long struggle between the. Indians and the English. 
 About^this time a great conflict was going on in England 
 between the king and Parliament, and in January, 1649, 
 
120 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 Charles I. was beheaded. His excution was a great shock to 
 the Virginians, and when the Burgesses met in October, 1649, 
 they hastened to give voice to their horror and indignation, and 
 recognized Charles II., the fugitive son of the martyred king, 
 as his successor. 
 
 In October, 1650, the Parliament prohibited trade with 
 Virginia and ordered a fleet sent to suppress the colony, which 
 was deemed guilty of rebellion against the English Common- 
 wealth. In March 1652, the English ships arrived at James- 
 town and demanded the surrender of the colony. At Berkeley's 
 summons Jamestown was put in a state of defense, but after 
 long discussion with the commander of the English fleet, the 
 Virginians surrendered. Thus within a few hours Virginia 
 passed from the king to the Commonwealth. The old went 
 and the new came peacefully. The hearty cavalier, Berkeley, 
 retired to Green Spring, and the short haired people, called by 
 their enemies "Roundheads," became the masters. 
 
 On April, 1652, Richard Bennett, Esquire, was elected gover- 
 nor of Virginia by the Commonwealth for the ensuing year, and 
 William Claiborne was made Secretary of State. The Assembly 
 was given the right to elect all officers of the colony, and the 
 first House of Burgesses under the Commonwealth (April, 1652) 
 numbered thirty five persons, representing thirteen "coun- 
 ties," as follows: Henrico, Charles City, James City, Isle of 
 Wight, Nansemond, Lower Norfolk, Elizabeth City, Warwick, 
 York, Northampton, Northumberland, Gloucester, and Lan- 
 caster. Surry County was added in 1653. Northampton was 
 a new name for the old county of Accomac. 
 
 Richard Bennett, Esquire, was succeeded in March, 1655, 
 by Edward Diggs, who was succeeded in 1656 by Samuel Mat- 
 thews, all elected by the Burgesses. 
 
 In September, 1658, Cromwell died, and Richard Cromwell, 
 his sucessor, resigned the government of England in April, 1659. 
 During this year Samuel Matthews, governor of Virginia, died. 
 During the spring of 1660, all things again changed in Virginia. 
 The Commonwealth of England had fallen, and the Royalists 
 regained power. Virginia had been without a governor since 
 the death of Matthews, and the General Assembly was the only 
 governing power. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 121 
 
 Charles II. became King of England, and Sir William 
 Berkeley was again elected governor. Virginia had thus been 
 returned to the royal fold. In 1662 the Friends (or Quakers), 
 and the Baptists first came to Virginia. For nearly ten years 
 the career of the colony was uneventful. In 1670 the popu- 
 lation had increased to forty thousand. 
 
 In 1676 "Bacon's Rebellion" was caused by Charles II. 
 granting nearly all of Virginia to the Earl of Arlington and 
 Lord Culpepper; the restriction of suffrage to freeholders, and 
 the failure of Governor Berkeley to protect the frontier forts, 
 and his refusal to grant Nathaniel Bacon a commission to march 
 against the Indians, who had attacked his estate and harassed 
 other settlers along the borders of the colony. Nathaniel Bacon 
 organized a company of horsemen and advanced on the Indians 
 near the present site of Richmond, routing them. This so 
 angered Governor Berkeley that he ordered Bacon's arrest with 
 "about thirty gentlemen besides," when they came to James- 
 town to attend a session of the Burgesses. Bacon was called 
 before Berkeley and agreed to apologize before the House of 
 Burgesses, of which he was a member, for his rash act, and 
 Berkeley promised to commission him "general of the Indian 
 Wars," but did not do so and Bacon organized a large force of 
 sympathizers, and marched on Jamestown with the deter- 
 mination of securing the commission, and after an exciting scene 
 the Burgesses appointed Nathaniel Bacon commander-in-chief 
 against the Indians, and the appointment was ratified by Berke- 
 ley. Bacon made his headquarters near West Point at the head 
 of York River. Parties of horsemen were sent in every direction 
 to scour the woods and ferret out the Indians. He was fighting 
 the public enemy, and doing his duty as an honest Virginian. 
 That was not, however, the view taken by his angry adversary 
 and Governor Berkeley a second time proclaimed Nathaniel 
 Bacon and his followers rebels and traitors. This precipitated 
 a war between the followers of Bacon and the adherents of 
 Governor Berkeley, and Bacon marched on Jamestown in Sept- 
 tember 1676, fought a battle with Governor Berkeley's followers 
 and drove them out, after which he set fire to Jamestown and 
 entirely destroyed it. Bacon was soon taken ill with fever 
 contracted from exposure during his marches about the country, 
 
122 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OE VIRGINIA 123 
 
 and died October, 1676, in Gloucester, at the home of Major Pate. 
 He was secretly buried by his friends, to prevent any possibility 
 of Governor Berkeley learning of his burial place, and the exact 
 location of his grave remains a secret. We only know that his 
 body lies in some remote spot of the woods of Gloucester, or 
 sunk in the York by the weight of stones placed in his coffin. 
 
 The rebellion ended with the death of Bacon, but governor 
 Berkeley hunted down all those prominent as leaders, and exe- 
 cuted nearly every one he could lay his hands upon. Sir Wil- 
 liam Berkley returned to England, where he expired July 13,1677. 
 In 1685, James II. ascended the throne as King of England. 
 During the reign of James II. a seal was ordained for Virginia, 
 but was not used until about the end of the century. It con- 
 sisted of the English shield with the inscription ' ' En dat Virginia 
 quintum." 
 
 In 1689, William and Mary became king and queen of Eng- 
 land, succeeding James II. who had sailed for France in 1688, 
 not to return. 
 
 In 1690, Sir Francis Nicholson who had been governor of 
 New York, was transferred to Virginia, but in 1692, he was 
 sent to Maryland and. Sir Edmund Andros came to Virginia. 
 
 In 1693, Rev. Jas. Blair founded William and Mary College 
 at Middle Plantation (now Williamsburg) second oldest insti- 
 tution of its kind in America, Harvard being the first. He was 
 its first president and was rector of church at Jamestown and 
 later of Bruton Parish Church, Williamsburg. 
 
 In 1698, Sir Francis Nicholson again returned to Virginia, 
 displacing Sir Edmund Andros. He laid out. a city at Middle 
 Plantation and named it Williamsburg. In 1698 and in 1699, 
 when the State House at Jamestown was burned, he removed 
 the seat of government to Williamsburg. 
 
 In 1700, Queen Anne succeeded William and Mary to the 
 throne of England. 
 
 In 1705, Yorktown was established, although settled and 
 laid off into streets as early as 161 9. First Custom House in 
 America built there in 1715. In 1710, Alexander Spotswood 
 came to Virginia, at age of 34 years. He was a man of force and 
 a determined ruler. He built iron furnaces and made wine at 
 Germanna on the Rapidan. Founded an Indian school-mission 
 
124 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 125 
 
 on the Meherrin River (in 1716), and went on an expedition 
 beyond Blue Ridge Mountains with a large party of good com- 
 panions. The shoeing of the horses with iron gave rise to the 
 order of the "Knights of the Golden Horse Shoe." He sent 
 two ships to capture "Blackbeard" the pirate, in Pamlico Sound 
 (Nov. 21, 1 7 18), and Lieut. Maynard commanding the Virgin- 
 ians boarded the pirate ship and a hand to hand fight followed. 
 "Blackbeard" was killed and his head stuck on the bowsprit 
 of one of the vessels, and thirteen of the pirates hung at Williams- 
 burg. " Blackbeard' s" skull is still preserved in Virginia, and 
 fashioned into a drinking cup, rimmed with silver. Governor 
 Spotswood had another residence at Temple Farm, the former 
 name of the "Moore House, " where, Oct., 1781, Lord Corn-- 
 wallis surrendered, and here he spent his last days after retiring 
 as governor. 
 
 In 1740, he was commissioned major-general to command 
 an expedition to the West Indies, but died suddenly (June 7, 
 1740), when about to embark. Was buried at Temple Farm, 
 where his grave was recently discovered. 
 
 In 1 7 15, Bruton Parish Church was built at Williamsburg, 
 although the Parish was founded in 1632. In 17 14, the old 
 "Powder Horn" was built at Williamsburg. In 17 16, the first 
 theater in America was built at Williamsburg. 
 
 Virginia in these years was reaching out steadily past the 
 
 mountains, and into the Shenandoah Valley. Richmond was 
 
 established in 1733, and Petersburg about the same time. 
 
 Blanford Church, Petersburg, was built in 1735. The following 
 
 lines were inscribed on its walls in 1841 by an unknown writer: 
 
 Thou art crumbling to the dust, old ' How doth ambition's hope take wing, 
 pile, How droops the spirit now! 
 
 Thou art hastening to thy fall, We hear the distant city's din, 
 And round thee in thy loneliness The dead are mute below. 
 
 Clings the ivy to thy wall. The sun that shone upon their paths 
 The worshippers are scattered now Now gilds their lonely graves: 
 
 Who knelt before thy shrine. The zephyrs which once fanned their 
 And silence reigns where anthems rose, brows 
 
 In days of "Auld Lang Syne." The grass above them waves. 
 
 And sadly sighs the wandering wind Oh! could we call the many back 
 
 Where oft in years gone by, Who gathered here in vain, 
 
 Prayers rose from many hearts to Who've careless roved where we do 
 Him,, now, 
 
 The Highest of the High. Who'll never meet again — _ 
 
 The tramp of many a busy foot How would our weary souls be stirred, 
 
 That sought thy aisles is o'er, To meet the earnest gaze 
 
 And many a weary heart around Of the lovely and the beautiful 
 
 Is still forever more. The lights of other days. 
 
126 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 George Washington, born in Westmoreland County Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1732. Died at Mount Vernon, December 14, 1799. 
 
 Patrick Henry, born at Studley, Hanover County, May 29, 
 1736. Died at Red Hill, Charlotte County, June 6, 1799. 
 
 Winchester was founded in 1738, and other towns were 
 rapidly established. In 1736, " The Virginia Gazette, " the first 
 newspaper in Virginia, was established at Williamsburg. First 
 Masonic Temple in America was at Williamsburg, and it was in 
 the old building now standing on Francis Street, that George 
 Washington was initiated into Masonry. "Presbyterians first 
 settled in the valley of Virginia in 1732. Methodism was first 
 established in Virginia at Williamsburg in 1740. 
 
 Thos. Jefferson, born in Albemarle County, April 13, 1743. 
 Died July 4, 1826. . 
 
 In 1753 the French invaded Virginia's territory beyond the 
 Ohio River, and Governor Robert Dinwiddie sent Major George 
 Washington as envoy to protest against the French occupation. 
 The English protest was unheeded, and in 1754 an expedition 
 commanded by Washington was sent against the French, but 
 it resulted in the surrender of the English July 4, 1754, at 
 Great Meadows. In February, 1755, General Edward Braddock 
 with 1,000 men was sent to Virginia for the purpose of wresting 
 the English territory from the invading French, and reinforced 
 by Provincials, from Virginia, Maryland and New York, the 
 army of 2,000 men set out from Cumberland early in June, 
 1755, arriving at Fort Duquesne, July 9. 1755, but was com- 
 pletely routed by the French, and General Braddock, mortally 
 wounded, died four days later, July 13, 1755. Washington, who 
 accompanied Braddock as a member of his staff, had four 
 bullets shot through his coat and two horses shot under him. 
 
 In 1758 the last struggle with the French virtually ended. 
 After several battles the French blew up Fort Duquesne and 
 retreated. Washington, then lieutenant colonel, entered with 
 the Virginians and planted the English flag on the smoking 
 ruins. 
 
 In the redistribution of territory Canada was lost to the 
 French. The English line extended west to the Mississippi and 
 Spain surrendered the Floridas. Thus England had acquired 
 a greater domain than was claimed in the old Virginia charters. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA Yin 
 
 Here the period of the colony ends and the Commonwealth 
 begins. Out of the war with France grew the struggle which 
 separated the English provinces from the Crown. In 1763 
 Patrick Henry declared at Hanover Court House that the Vir- 
 ginians had the right alone to legislate for Virginia. Two years 
 later he repeated the same words, in the discussion of the Stamp 
 Act, and the action of Virginia gave the signal to the continent. 
 
 Henry Lee (Light Horse Harry), born in Westmoreland 
 County, Va., Jan. 29, 1756. Died March 25, 1816. 
 
 John Marshall, born at Germantown, Va., Sept. 24, 1756. 
 Died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 6, 1835. 
 
 James Madison, fourth President of the United States, born 
 at Port Conway, Va., March 16, 1751. Died June 28, 1836. 
 
 James Monroe, fifth President of the United States, born in 
 Westmoreland County, April 28, 1758. Died at New York, 
 July 4, 1 83 1. 
 
 Wm Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United States, 
 born in Charles County, Feb. 9, 1773. Died April 4, 1841. 
 One month after inauguration. 
 
 Winfield Scott, born in Dinwiddie, Va., June 13, 1786. 
 Died at West Point, New York, May 29, 1866. 
 
 1777— Henry Clay, famous American Orator, legislator and 
 statesman, born near "The Slashes" in Hanover Co., Va., April 
 12, 1777. At ten years was clerk in small store in Richmond. 
 Studied law, was licensed to practice before he was 21 years old, 
 and became attorney-general. Moved to Kentucky and elected 
 to state legislature, 1803. Served two unexpired terms as U. S. 
 senator. Elected to Congress 181 1, and made speaker of 
 House at first session, and again in 181 5. Secretary of state 
 under President Adams in 1825. Three times candidate for 
 President of United States, 1824 — 1832 — 1844. Died June 29, 
 1852. In 1764, England placed a tax on Virginia as the result 
 of the war with France, and the famous "Stamp Act" passed 
 House of Commons, March, 1765. By this law all instruments 
 of writing used in the transaction of business in the colonies were 
 to be declared void unless executed on stamped paper, paying 
 a revenue to the Crown. This action was protested against by 
 Patrick Henry, at that time a member of the House of Burgess- 
 es, who in the midst of the general hesitation as to the atti- 
 
128 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 129 
 
 ttide of the Burgesses, rose and offered his celebrated resolutions. 
 These resolutions were opposed by the ablest men as impolitic, 
 but the opposition only aroused the wonderful genius of Henry, 
 and the speech delivered by him on that occasion was one of the 
 noblest displays of oratory ever witnessed in this country, and in 
 spite of all opposition the resolutions passed the Burgesses, and 
 committed the colony of Virginia to resistance. 
 
 In March, 1766, England rescinded the Stamp Act, just one 
 year after its passage, but reserved the right "to bind the colon- 
 ies and people of America, in all cases whatsoever." That was 
 an open declaration of war, and meant the absolute subjection 
 of the Americans, or revolution. 
 
 For about ten years after the Stamp Act agitation all Vir- 
 ginia was in turmoil. Great events were felt to be near, and 
 the air was sultry with the heat of the coming storm. In 1767 
 a new duty was laid on glass, paper, and tea, and this caused 
 new commotions, and so much trouble that suddenly two Eng- 
 lish regiments appeared at Boston, but the new English logic 
 had no more effect than the old. The country was now upon 
 the threshold of revolution. 
 
 In the spring of 1 774, revolution was in the very air. Boston 
 was already occupied by British troops. The Burgesses as- 
 sembled May 27, 1774, at the Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, 
 and passed resolutions against the use of tea, upon which a tax had 
 been placed by England. Massachusetts had made the same 
 recommendation in 1765. 
 
 The first Congress met at Philadelphia, Sept. 5, 1774, and 
 the men of the North and the South were at last in the presence 
 of each other. At the beginning of 1775, great events were on 
 the march. With every passing day the public mind had be- 
 come more inflamed. Virginia was already under arms, and 
 the "minutemen" were sworn to obey all orders received from 
 the Committees. 
 
 On March 20, 1775, the Virginia convention met at the 
 town of Richmond in "Old Saint Johns Church." Edmund 
 Pendleton was elected president, and Patrick Henry moved that 
 steps be taken for "arming the militia. " Many of the members 
 
1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 on 
 
 130 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 131 
 
 opposed the resolution. The result was one of the grandest of 
 all the displays of Henry's oratory: "If we wish to be free we 
 must fight," he exclaimed. "There is no retreat but in sub- 
 mission and slavery. The war is inevitable, and let it come. 
 I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me 
 liberty or give me death! " On the 15th of June, George Wash- 
 ington was elected commander-in-chief of the American forces, 
 and assumed command at Boston on the 2d of July. 
 
 Lord Dunmore, at that time governor of Virginia, left 
 Williamsburg and took refuge on board his ship lying at York- 
 town, June, 1775. He laid waste the settlements along the 
 Chesapeake, and made his headquarters at Norfolk. On Dec. 
 9th a battle was fought at Great Bridge, and the British de- 
 feated. This so enraged Lord Dunmore that he hurried on 
 board his fleet, and sent a party of marines ashore to burn Nor- 
 folk. He also bombarded the town, and sailed away leaving 
 the place in ashes, Jan. 1, 1776. 
 
 The Virginia convention, June 15, 1776, adopted a reso- 
 lution declaring the United Colonies free and independent states, 
 and Patrick Henry was elected Governor.. On July 4, 1776, 
 the Declaration of Independence, composed by Thomas Jeffer- 
 son, was adopted by Congress and the United States thus entered 
 upon life. War between England and the United States fol- 
 lowed, lasting until 1781, when on Oct. 19th the British sur- 
 rendered at Yorktown. 
 
 After this Virginia ceded the country to the Federal Govern- 
 ment, and Congress accepted her terms in 1783. The adoption 
 of the Federal Constitution marks the limits of the history of 
 Virginia proper. May 25, 1787, the Convention at Phila- 
 delphia discussed the terms of the proposed Union. September 
 17th a Constitution was agreed upon, but at the Virginia Con- 
 vention, held at Richmond, June 2, 1788, Patrick Henry op- 
 posed the new Constitution. 
 
 In 1 791. the Hebrews first permanently located in eastern 
 Virginia, although as early as 1691 a few of them settled in the 
 Western borders of the Colony. Today they form a very im- 
 portant part of our population as builders of this great 
 
132 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 republic, being among the foremost in art, literature, politics, 
 and commerce. 
 
 1793 — Samuel Houston, born in Rockbridge Co., Va., March 
 21, 1793. Moved to Tennessee. In 181 3, enlisted in U. S. 
 Army, under General Jackson. Congressman for Tennessee, 
 1823-27. Governor of Tennessee 1827, but resigned before 
 expiration of term. President of Texas in 1836. United States 
 Senator from Texas for twelve years. Died July 25, 1863. 
 
 After the year 1800, Virginia gradually underwent a change. 
 The aristocratic planter gave place to the democratic citizen. 
 The last years of the Eighteenth Century marked the struggle 
 between the Federalists and the Republicans. In the midst of 
 the political turmoil, the two greatest Virginians of the century 
 expired. Patrick Henry died in June, and Washington in 
 December, 1799. The early years of the Nineteenth Century 
 were marked by the insurrections of Gabriel in 1800, and Turner 
 in 1 83 1, negroes who incited their race to rise against the whites. 
 December 26, 181 1, a terrible domestic tragedy was the des- 
 truction by fire of the theater at Richmond, by which seventy 
 persons were burned to death, among them the governor of 
 Virginia. 
 
 1805 — William G. Brownlow, the celebrated Methodist 
 divine and politician was born in Wythe Co., Va., August 20, 
 1805. Moved to Tennessee. Edited " Knoxville Whig. " In 1861 
 he was a firm adherent of the Union. Governor of Tennessee 
 1865-69. Elected U. S. Senator 1869. Died April 29, 1877, 
 at Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 1805 — -John B. Floyd. Born in Montgomery Co., Va., 1805. 
 Removed to Helena, Ark., 1836, but returned to Virginia, 1839, 
 Congress, 1847-49. Governor of Virginia, 1850-53. Secretary 
 of War under President Buchanan, 1857-61. Brigadier-general 
 Confederate Army. Died August 26, 1863. 
 
 On May 13, 1807, there was celebrated at Jamestown, the 
 second anniversary of the settlement of Virginia. The festivi- 
 ties lasted five days amid impressive ceremonies. Salutes were 
 fired from thirty-two vessels anchored off Jamestown; bands 
 rendered marshall music and popular airs. Artillery from Nor- 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 133 
 
 folk; infantry, marines, and citizens paraded and the imposing 
 spectacle was witnessed by a large number of beautiful women. 
 
 During the war of 1812, Admiral Cockburn, commanding 
 British fleet, had laid waste the banks of the Chesapeake and 
 surrounding waters, but a force of Virginians at Craney Island, 
 June 22, 18 13, repulsed him; Norfolk was preserved from 
 plunder, and the British fleet soon afterwards disappeared. 
 
 The year 181 9 was marked by the establishment of the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia, — the pet project of Thomas Jefferson. In 
 1829, a convention assembled at Richmond to revise the Con- 
 stitution, and among its members were two ex-presidents, Madi- 
 son and Monroe, Chief Justice Marshall John Randolph, and 
 other Virginians who had occupied important positions under the 
 State or Federal Government. Important changes were made 
 in the old Constitution, and other changes made since the Civil 
 War, so revolutionized the whole instrument that in 1882 it bore 
 little resemblance to that framed by the Virginians in 1776. 
 
 The Virginia Military Institute was opened in 1839, at Lex- 
 ington. After the war of 1812, Virginia remained at peace, and 
 a prosperous future seemed to be before the ancient Common- 
 wealth, but unhappily the Virginians deceived themselves. The 
 Power which moves nations, as the wind moves dry leaves, was 
 about to inflict upon the country the most terrible of all scourges 
 — the Civil War. On April 17, 1 861, Virginia seceded from the 
 Union. A detailed history of the Civil War is impossible here 
 but it is the last great event in the history of Virginia. The 
 great strife of 1861-65 is a remote event nearly forgotten by the 
 present generation, and the old enemies have become friends 
 again. The Blue and Gray who fell fighting for what each be- 
 lieved to be the just cause, sleep in peace, side by side under the 
 flowers scattered by friends and foes alike. During the days of 
 "reconstruction" following the return of Virginia to the Union, 
 and the emancipation of the African slaves by President Lin- 
 coln, a great change took place in the social and political con- 
 ditions of this State, and today New Virginia is moving in the 
 direction of practical results rapidly developing its wonder- 
 ful resources. The year 1907 will remain a memorable one, 
 
134 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF VIRGINIA 
 
 marking the celebration by the Jamestown Exposition Company 
 the three hundredth anniversary of the birth of Virginia and 
 this great nation. 
 
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