Glass _. Book_. CHAS, H, LDTHRDP, SURGEON. ^^ H^ISTOP^Y First fjegioieiit Iowd Coifoliy VETERAN VOLUNTEERS, Fk<»M Jl'S ()l{N IN 1861 TO ItS MlSTEK OlT <»K THE Unitk.!> States Service in 1866. ALSO. A COMPLETE ROSTER OE THE REGIMENT. B\ CHAKLES H. LOTPIKOP. M. D., ^^%^ a^Sl LYONS. IOWA. KKKI{S ,V KATON. PKINTEKS. MIHH()K OFFICE. 1890. ANNOUNCEMENT, Headquakteks First Iowa Cavalry Asscjciation, Cedar Rapids. Iowa, Augist 10th, 1890. "~ At a meeting' of the Association held at Cedar Rapids Septeml)ei- 23d, 1886. the following- resolution was offered and adopted by a rising- vote: •■ Resolvt'd. That the most heai-ty thanks of the Association are due and are hereby tendered to Dr. (^has. H. Lothrop. for his most diligent efforts and g-ood services in thus far collecting- matei-ial for and compil- ing- the history of the Regiment, and that he be encouraged and assisted by all means within our power in his good work, and that he l)e and is appointed Regimental Historian.'" The Association at the reunion at Ottumwa, aftei- listening- to the report of Surgeon liOthrop, appointed him chairman of a connnittee to publish the history of the Reg-iment. a work upon which he had spent so niuch labor. Upon the death of Surgeon Lothrop. the work was taken uji and completed by his beloved wife, Virg-inia Lothrop. We cannot command languag-e to express our gratitude to this noble woman : and while we, on behalf of the Association, extend to her the thanks of the veterans who once comi)()sed the Urst Iowa Cavalry, we assure her that she will always be remembered by the • • boys" the j Doctor loved so well and in whose interest he always laboi-ed, H. S. HEB?:RLIN(;, Pnsidait. Phil, H. Francis, Seo'dary. GENERAL PREFACE. NEARLY THIRTY YEARS have come and gone since the First Regiment Iowa Cavalry Vohinteers engaged in the suppression of the most gigantic and unholy rebellion that ever crushed any nation on the earth. The part it took in its suppression will ever occupy one of the brightest pages of our country's history of that unholy strife from 1861 to 1865. The members of the organization were composed of young men. etc. Nothing omitted, etc. He sends it forth commending it with his kindest wishes to those who bore the brunt of battle, march, fatigue, etc., with him, and whose friendship he will ever cherish. The members of the First Iowa Cavalry Veteran Volunteers. Assistance of wife. Here my beloved husband a'nd your dear comrade laid down his i)en. ;ind I m:iy truthfully say his life, in the service of those comrades he loved so well. For six years he labored almost con.-tantly in his endeavors to collect material, s])aring no expense, and in his zeal overtaxing his strength. He completed the manuscript — with the exception of Detached Service R'])orts, Personal Sketches, Promotions, Preface, etc., — so as to be able VI GENERAL PREFACE. to present the result of his labors to his comrades at Milwaukee and Ottumwa, and looked forward to these -Reunions"" with much pleasure and pride. He felt that he had done well, and few have any conception of how difficult and laborious the work was that had been assigned to him as Historian of the Reg-iment. His disappointment in not being able to meet you at Ottumwa was great and keen, for he yearned wath the anticipation of full joy to clasp the hands of his old comrades. The action taken by the Association, however, cheered and encouraged him, and as soon as he was able to dictate he issued a call to the committee appointed to make some ar- rangement to meet, asking them to be his guests, and was again 'happy in anticipation. Only one of them, Judge Stutsman, paid it the slightest attention. He waited six weeks, or longer, and issued another call. All replied save Captain Dilley. The replies reminded us forcibly of the feast we read of in Holy Writ : "And they all with one accord' began to make excuse.'" It was too much for his deeply sensitive nature, in his enfeebled condition, to bear — this non-appreciation of his laho)- of love — and he died. Unknown to him, 1 had added a postscript to his first call : -Beg- ging them to make some speedy arrangement, as his anxiety was retarding his recovery."' I was begging for his life. He then wrote to President Heberling, who immediately responded, and came out from Chicago. When he arrived the Doctor was already very ill ; but he explained everything to President Heberling, interviewed the publisher, etc. President Hebei-ling left with the intention of returning in ten days with Secretary Francis. After he left the Doctor was perfectly content and said, •' It is all right— now the 'boys' will have the History."" President Heberling and Secretary Francis came on the -1th of Feb- ruary, but he could not speak to them; his heart was too full. "^J^^^ash of joy passed over his countenance and he held out both his hand^ them. Two days after he entered into rest : ■ • Victor over Death and pain." GENERAL PREFACE. VD You have the History : I feel that it has been bought with a price. Had he lived, there were corrections and additions to be made. Had he lived, it is hardly possible there should have been no mistakes in such a work, and with him passed away all knowledge of many of the corrections that should have been made. Many will be disappointed in the work, expecting more personal mention. To name them all would be impossible, and where there were so many brave, to omit any would be invidious. He wrote the History of the Regiment. Vei-y sincerely, * VIRGINIA LOTHROP. Lyons. Iowa. August 15th. 1890. 'T ACKNOWLEDGMENT I T is with pleasure that I acknowledge valuable and kindly assist- ance from the following' named gentlemen : Field and Staff. Colonel William Thompson. Lieutenant Colonel Charles E. Moss, (now deceased.) Lieutenant Colonel Alexander G. McQueen. Surgeon Milton B. Cochran. Assistant Surgeon David B. Allen. First Lieutenant and Adjutant David A. Kerr. Commissary Sergeant Lucius B. Manwaring. Coynpany A. Sergeant Thomas Reynolds. Company B. Captain S. S. Burdett. Second Lieutenant Hiram .S. Heberling. Private Isaac Rhodes. Private Ezra J. Smith. Private Philip H. Francis. Company C. Sergeant George VanBeek. Company D. Corporal William M. Wilson. Company E. Sergeant Alexander A. Wildasin. Private John R. Martin. Private E. M. Stapleton. Private Clementine M. Bii'd. 2 X ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Company F. First Lieutenant Charles W. W. Dow. Company G. Captain Albert W. Hosford. Com.pa7iy H. First Lieutenant Samuel T. Craig. Com2Jany I. First Lieutenant Joseph H. Springer. Com,pany K. Captain Robert L. Freeman. Captain Thomas H. Barnes. Captain James M. Russell. Second Lieutenant Albert L. Freeman. Sergeant James A. Lyons. Sergeant Frank Pease. Private John L. Haworth. Company L. First Lieutenant James M. Simeral. Second Lieutenant John M. Enochs. Sergeant Horace J. Leonard. Sergeant Charles E. Miller. Private Charles A. Chase. Co7npany M. First Lieutenant Edwin A. Dvmham. Bugler Thomas E. Francis. Private W. H. Rigby. To R. J. Holcomb, of Nevada, Missouri, late a member of the Tenth Missouri Infantry Volunteers, and to W. C. Roland, of (Jarthage, Mis- souri, late Captain Company H, Eighteenth Regiment Iowa Infantry Volunteers. !l H I S T O RIY First Iowa GDVHlry Yeternii Volunteers. 1861-62. FOR A PERIOD of more than forty years the principles of nullification, State sovereignty and disunion, with the flattering sentiment of Southern supremacy, had been instilled into the minds of the people of the southern portion of this republic by their dishonest and unscrupulous leaders, until rule or ruin had become the dominant idea of these misguided peo- ple, and treason, the legitimate offspring of such teaching, had l^ecome so developed that it culminated in an onslaught upon the nation's existence in an attack upon Fort Sumter, April 12th, 1861. This treason Avas developing, and had increased to such an extent, that in 1854 that renowned scholar and poet, All)ert Pike, of Arkansas, (who with sorrow be it said afterward es- poused the cause of the so-called Southern Confederacy,) with l)rophetic ken saw the inevitable in the course pursued, and warned his people of the disastrous result in the following terse and emphatic language : 14 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ' ' Aye, shout ! 'Tis the day of your pride. Ye despots and tyrants of earth ! Tell your serfs the American name to deride. And to rattle their fetters in mirth. Ay, shout ! for the League of the Free Is about to be shivered to dust, And the rent limbs to fall from the vigorous tree. Wherein liberty put her firm trust. Shout ! shout ! for more firmly established will be Your thrones and dominions beyond the blue sea. ' ' Laugh on ! for such folly supreme The world has never yet beheld. And ages to come will the history deem A tale by antiquity swelled ; For nothing that Time has upbuilt And set in the annals of ci'ime. So stupid and senseless, so wretched in guilt. Darkens sober tradition or rhyme. It will be, like the fable of Eblis' fall. A by-word of mocking and horror to all. " Ye mad, who would ''rase out your name From the League of the Proud and the Free, And a pitiful, separate sovereignty claim. Like a line wave flung off from the sea ; Oh, pause ere you plunge in the chasm That yawns in your treacherous way ! Ere Freedom, convulsed with one terrible spasm. Desert you for ever and aye ! Pause ! think ! ere the earthquake astonish your soul. And the thunders of war thro' your green valleys roll ! ' ' Good God ! what a title, what name Will history give to your crime ? In the deepest abyss of dishonor and shame Ye will writhe till the last hour of time. As braggarts who forged their own chains. Pulled down what their brave fathers built. And tainted the blood in their children's young veins With the poison of slavery and guilt ; And Freedom's bright heart be hereafter, tenfold, For your folly and fall, more discouraged and cold. ■ • What flag shall float over the fires And smoke of your fratricide war. HISTORY or FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 15 Instead of the stars and broad stripes of your sires ? A lone, pale, flickering star, With a thunder-cloud veiling its glow- As it faints away into the sea : Will the Eagle's wing shelter and shield you ? Ah, no ! His wing shelters only the free. Miscall it, disguise it, boast, cant as you will. You are traitors, misled by your mad leaders still. ' ' Turn, turn then ! Cast down in your might The pilots that sit at the helm ! Steer, steer your proud ship from the gulf which dark night And treason and fear overwhelm ! Turn back !— from your mountains and glens. From your swamps, from the rivers and sea. From forest and precipice, cavern and den. Where yovir brave fathers bled to be free. From the graves where those glorious patriots lie Re-echoes the warning, ■ Turn back, or ye die ! '' " But the monster w^ould not down. In 1856, Charles Sum- ner, a Senator from Massachusetts, was struck down })y a Southern ruffian in the Senate chamlier of the United States, for daring to give utterance to opinions hostile to the Southern slaveholding oligarchy. In 1859 the institution of slavery was shaken to its very foundation by a handful of men led by that apostle of freedom, John Brown, and from that day, December 2d, 1859, when he expiated upon the gallows his unlawful attempt of insurrec- tion, slavery could not have been more dead than it was at the end of the slaveholders' rebellion. In 186(» the late Judge Shepley, of Maine, a delegate to the National Democratic Convention, stung to the quick by the arrogant attitude of the South, quoted in his s})eech before the Convention, after casting the unanimous vote of his delegation for the hvte Stephen A. Douglas for President, the following lines from the old Scottish bard : •• There are hills beyond Pentland, and land beyond Forth ; If there's lords in the Southland, there's chiefs in the North." 16 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. This attitude of the South attracted the attention of not onl}^ the North, but the whole civilized world was waiting to know if in its extreme fear, folly and desperation, it would initiate a fratricidal war in order to perpetuate a most fearful crime against liberty and humanity. "Whom the gods wish to de- stroy they first make mad.'' Heretofore confined to wordy, in- solent speeches and ignoble resolutions, these people proceeded to overt rebellion by assaulting the flag of our country, April 12th, 1861. That day the traitor guns of South Carolina were turned upon Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston. After making a heroic defense, and with a parting salute to the old flag, a little band of United States soldiers commanded by Major Robert Anderson, constituting its garrison, surrendered to the traitor hordes of South Carolina. The telegraph announced the fact as soon as the act was per- petrated, and the entire population of the loyal North with stern determination resolved to punish this liigh-handed out- rage. Civil war was inaugurated, and the beginning of a sor- roAv which was al)out to enter almost every household of this great and prosperous republic, and leave within its portals, tears, heart-sobs, suffering, disease and death for years to come, was present with us. It was the beginning of a sorrow the vastness of which could not l>e comprehended, for the reason that history in all the revolving years of time does not furnish a parallel. At this trying time President Lincoln issued a proclamation to the Governors of the several States, calhng for 75,000 men to rally for the defense of home, liberty, and an undivided country. There came a most magnificent and holy res})onse from every city and hamlet in the North. All the peaceful avocations of life were essentially abandoned, and men of all conditions and circumstances, and loyal women too, with liurst- ing hearts and ])rimful e^'es, made immediate response to the wailing cry of the imperilled republic. The response of the then young State of Iowa was grand, magnificent. She was in HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 17 the front ranks — a position she ever after maintained during this long and eventful struggle for national existence. Her soldiers were found upon almost every battle field and among the ' ' bravest of the brave. ' ' Her fair women, with throb- bing, bursting hearts, but with a liraveiy, devotion and self sac- rifice exceeding that of the men, sent their husl)ands, sons, fathers, brothers and loved ones to the front, bidding them to be true and faithful to home, country and God. While I speak thus of the patriotism of the people of Iowa, far be it from me to cast any reflections, in the slightest degree, upon the people of the other States of the loyal North. Every State was intent upon the preservation of the Union, and the out- bursts of a free people in the defense of liberty were supremely grand. It was from such patriotism, from such devotif)n to country, that Freedom drew her inspiration : " When from her mountain height She unfurled her standard to the air. vShe tore tlie azure robe of night And set the stars of glory there." On April 16th our old War Governor, Samuel J. Kirkwood, received the following telegram from Simon Cameron, Secre- tary of War : *• •• Call made on you by to-night' s mail for one reg-iment of militia for immediate service;" and on the 17th CI Governor Kirkwood issued his proclamation for one regiment of volunteer infantry. So prompt was the response that on the first day of May the regiment was in rendezvous at Keokuk waiting for arms. Companies had been rapil}' formed in almost all parts of the State, and there was bitter disappointment ex- pressed when, upon making application to become a portion of it, they were informed that but one regiment had been called for and it was now complete. Notwithstanding this disappoint- ment on the part of the citizens, the organization of companies continued. The attack upon Fort Sumter had aroused the martial spirit of the people to a ^vhite heat, and Iowa l)ecame one vast rendezvous for citizen soldiery. 18 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. In the meantime the rebellion had assumed more formidable proportions, and on May 3d, 1861, another proclamation was issued by President Lincoln calling for "forty-two thousand and thirty-four volunteers, to serve for a period of three years unless sooner discharged, and to be mustered into the service as infantry and cavalry. ' ' This proclamation was the first call for troops for three years' service, and under it the First Cavalry was organized. Prior to this time several cavalry companies had been organized, and the men composing them were from a lar^e section of the State : from Allamakee and Winneshiek in the north to Lee and Decatur counties in the south. These several companies, (ten companies at that time being the re- quired number to constitute a cavalry regiment,) were accepted by the State June 13th, 1861, and ordered into quarters by Gov- ernor Kirkwood July 18th, 1861. A few of the companies had been in quarters prior to this time : notably one company at Lyons, afterward Company B, went into quarters May 1st; one company at Ottumwa, afterward Company I, went into quarters May 6th ; one company at McGregor, afterward Company K, May 15th ; and one company at Iowa City, after- ward Company F, was organized April 15th, but the date of going into quarters, before ordered by the Governor, is not known. A short history of the organization of these companies will not be here inappropriate. Company A. Company A was enrolled in the county of Lee and organized at Keokuk. In the spring of 1861 Captain A. G. McQueen, afterward Lieutenant Colonel, commenced the organization of a cavalry company. It was soon organized, and at the request of Cap- tain McQueen. W. M. G. Torrence, afterward Major of the regiment and Colonel of the Thirtieth Iowa Infantry, was selected as Captain. At the election of officers Torrence was HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 19 elected Captain ; Charles E. Moss, afterward Lieutenant Colo- nel, First, and R. M. Reynolds, afterward Captain of the com- pany, Second Lieutenants. While Captain, McQueen preferred to be a " high private' ' in the rear rank. Upon the acceptance of the regiment by the State the company very suddenly be- came reduced to a ' ' skeleton. " In a short time, however, through the energetic efforts of Captain Torrence, McQueen and D. A. Kerr, afterward Adjutant, and severely wounded in an engagement with QuantrelPs guerillas, near Pleasant Hill, Missouri, the depleted ranks were filled. At this time Mc- Queen was elected First Lieutenant. Some few had again been ' ' taken sick' ' and their places filled by new recruits. The company was finally organized with W. M. G. Torrence Cap- tain, A. G. McQueen First and R. M. Reynolds Second Lieu- tenants. The men comprising the company were principally from Lee, Van Buren and Decatur counties, while a few were from Han- cock county, Illinois. It went into quarters June 13th, and in obedience to orders from the Governor it left July 27th for its rendezvous at Burlington, on which occasion '•'■the citizens of Keokuk turned out to bid the company good-bye. The City Rifies, under Captain W. W. Belknap, and the Keokuk Cav- alry, under Captain Sample, as escort, marched up to the cor- ner of Main and Fourth streets, where Company A was in line. On behalf of the ladies of Keokuk, Hon. Samuel F. Miller pre- sented a flag to the company, on receiving which Captain Tor- rence replied : ' We thank the ladies for this beautiful flag, and we will defend it to the last, and when it shall he trailed in the dust my wife will ))e a widow and ni}- children orphans.' Escorted by the City Rifles and Sample's Cavalry, the line of march was down Main street to Second, and then out on the Montrose road, to Burlington. They camped that night at Denmark, where they remained over Sunday, and on Monday morning reached Burlington," (July 29th,) and were mustered into the United States service July 30th, 1861. 20 history of first iowa cavalry. Company B. The "Hawkeye Rangeks." In the early spring of 1861 Judge William E. Leffingwell commenced the organization of a company at Lyons. A nu- cleus of a company was also formed at De Witt in the early days of April, meeting at the law office of Samuel S. Burdett, a young attorney of that place. About the 1st day of May members of this De Witt contingent visited Lyons for the pur- pose of uniting with the Lyons company and forming a perma- nent organization. The organization was perfected, to which the name of "Hawkeye Rangers" w^as given, with Judge Wil- liam E. Leffingwell as Captain ; Samuel S. Burdett, after- ward Captain of the company, First, and Charles M. Baldwin Second Lieutenants Soon afterward, however, Baldwin be- came ' ' sick' ' and ' ' dropped out. ' ' William H. DeFreest was elected to fill the vacancy. The members of this company were principally from Clinton and Jackson counties, a few from Morrison, Illinois, and other few from the State of Wisconsin. They Avere all hardy, robust young men. The Adjutant General's report shows that not a man was rejected by the mustering officer when this company was mustered into the United States service. A few of the members were in quarters as early as the first of May, 1861. The company went into quarters in the brick block on the south side of Main street, near the corner of Second street, and the drill in the ' ' school of the trooper' ' became regular. On the' 24th of July, orders having been previously received from Gov- ernor Kirkwood to rendezvous at Burlinoion, our ' ' Rangers' ' were marched to the public square, and amidst a large con- course of citizens a very handsome standard of blue silk, trimmed with red and white silk fringe, was presented to the company by the ladies of Lyons — Lyman A. Ellis, Esq., mak- ing the presentation speech, which was responded to by First Lieutenant S. S. Burdett and Judge W. E. Leffingwell, Cap- tain of the company. On one side of the standard were thirty- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 21 four gold stars, with the word Hawk and representation of an eye, followed by the word Rangers, indicating the name of the company, ^'Hawkeye Rangers." On the reverse were thirty- four gold stars, with the representation of a hawk, on an ob- long gromid work, with the inscription, " We will meet you on the Border. ' ' After the speeches of presentation and re- sponses the Rangers were dismissed, and the excited citizens, dispersing into small groups, discussed the disastrous results of the war ' ' within the last few days. ' ' The standard was care- fully preserved by Captain Leffingwell until he left the service; he then gave it to Isaac Rhodes, now of De Witt, Iowa, a mem- }:>er of the company, who now has it in his possession. On Thursday morning, July 25th, the De Witt portion of the com- mand having arrived the day before, the Rangers left Lyons amid the cheering of the citizens for their rendezvous at Bur- lington, reaching De Witt on the evening of the same day, where they received an ovation. They left the next morning and arrived at Muscatine at ten o'clock that night. Stopping at Wapello on the night of the 27th, they reached Burlington about five o'clock p. m. on the 28th. They were mustered into the United States service on the 31st of July. The following in reference to this company is from the Lyons City Advocate, July 27th, 1861 : Captain Leffingwell, having succeeded in getting his men equipped, and all furnished with horses, left here on Thursday morning last for Burlington, where the regiment of cavalry are to rendezvous and be mustered into the service of the United States previous to starting for Washington. It is a task of no small magnitude for a man to raise and procure equipments for a company, without the aid of either the State or the general Government, but this has been accomplished by Captain Leffingwell, and he has the Jirst ftdl company of equijjped cavalry in the State, numbering ninety-eight strong and hardy men including officers. Our young ladies, never idle in times like these, had collected the means and purchased a beautiful flag, which was presented to the Ran- gers on Thursday evening last on the public square, in the presence of a large number of our citizens. Rev. Kynett had been selected by the 22 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ladies to make the presentation, but being- called away. L. A. Ellis. Esq. . took his place, and upon the Rangers being drawn up in line made a very handsome speech. He spoke of the loyalty of all the citizens of the North to the Government, of their desire to sustain it as it had been handed down to them, and above all of their cherished love for the stars and stripes, the flag of the country. He spoke about fifteen minutes, when he closed and passed over the beautiful banner to the company. First Lieutenant Burdett received the flag in behalf of the company, and replied to Mr. Ellis in a short but neat and appropriate speech. (We expected to have published the speeches, but failed to get them in time for this issue.) The remarks were listened to by the large crowd of spectators with much interest and attention, and upon their close the flag was passed over to the standard bearer of the company, three cheers given for the Rangers and three for their officers. The Rangers replied by three cheers for the young ladies of Lyons, and six more for her citizens. In passing over the flag Captain Leffingwell affirmed by the uplifted hand, and called upon his men, each one of whom did the same, that entrusted to them it should never be disgraced or surrendered. The flag is made of blue silk, bound around with red and white fringe. Thirty-four gilt stars are upon either side of it. ' One side bears the name of the company with a large painted eye instead of the word, and on the other a beautiful hawk is painted bearing in his tal- ons the motto of the company. "We will meet you on the Border." It was tastily mounted, and we have no doubt is highly prized by the whole company. The company then marched to their quarters to spend their last night in our city and prepare for an early start in the morning and their departure for Burlington. At an early hour on Thursday morning the bugle sounded the assem- bly, and in a very short time the barracks were astir with the prepara- tions for departure. Our citizens, also, congregated en masse to see them off. The baggage wagon was packed and started, and at eight o'clock the company mounted and took up their line of march for Bui'- lington, where they are ordered to rendezvous on Monday next at nine o'clock A. M. The Fulton brass band headed the column and accompa- nied them some distance from the city. There was but one attempt at cheering that we heard upon their departure, the feelings of the people being entirely too much wrought up to indulge in a hearty cheer. Fathers, mothei's, brothers, sisters, wives and children were looking, perhaps for the last time, upon the manly forms passing before them, and sympathy for them and for the soldiers was plainly written upon every countenance. With the disastrous results of the last few days in HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 23 full recollection, all felt that the going forth to war was no trifling matter, and none could help feeling and fearing that many passing be- fore them then would never return to their homes and friends ; but that it might be otherwise we have no doubt rpany a spontaneous and ear- nest prayer ascended to the throne of grace as they passed out of sight down Sixth street to take the road for De Witt. Thus is another hundred stout hands and brave hearts added to the defense of the country, and we take occasion to predict here that if that company meet the enemies of the Constitution and the Union upon the field of battle, such enemies will have cause to remember the Hawkeye Rangers, of Lyons, low a. They are as sturdy a set of men as ever vaulted into a saddle, and not one of them, in our opinion, will ever show the white feather to an enemy, and if they do it will not be by the knowledge or consent of their commander. Brave almost to a fault, he has encountered every discoviragement in the getting up of his company with a determination that has borne down every obstacle, until on Thursday morning last he marched forth at the head of as well an appointed company as there is in the volunteer service. Our citi- zens are justly pi-ovid of the company and its commander, and parted with them with real heartfelt regrets. At De Witt they were to be treated to a public dinner Thursday afternoon, which would imdoubt- edly be enjoyed after a twenty mile ride on horseback. Previous to starting a large number of towels and other necessaries, the proceeds of a picnic last week, were distributed among the men. Company C. Company C was enrolled in the counties of Des Moines, Lonisa and Lee, and organized at Burlington and went into (juarters, by order of Governor Kirkwood, June 13th, 1861, with Levi Chase, afterward Major, as Captain ; Benjamin Ra- ney First and Albert F. Dean Second Lieutenants. W. E. ('haml)erlain, afterward Major, was the leading spirit in the formation of this company. ''It was largely made up of young men from eighteen to twenty-five years of age." It was mustered into the United States service July 31st, 1861. No further information as to the formation of this company has been received. Company D. Com pan}- 1) was enrolled in the counties of Warren and Madison, and organized with P. Gad Bryan as Captain, after- 24 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ward Major and Lieutenant Colonel ; James D. Jenks, after- ward Captain and Major, First Lieutenant, and William R. Shiver Second Lieutenant, afterward First Lieutenant. The company went into quarters June 13tli, and was mustered into the United States service July 31st, 1861. No further infor- mation as to the formation of this company has been received. Company E. Company E was enrolled in Henry county, and organized at Mt. Pleasant, with William Thompson as Captain, afterward Major and Colonel ; William P. McClure First Lieutenant, and Thomas Bereman Second Lieutenant, afterward Captain and Major. Captain Thompson was the leading spirit in the organ- ization of this company. It went into quarters June 13th, and was mustered into the United States service July 31st, 1861. No further information as to the formation of this company has been received. Company F. The ' ' Iowa City Cavalry Company' ' was enrolled princi- pally in the counties of Johnson and Washington, and organ- ized at Iowa City, with James O. Gower as Captain, afterward Major and Colonel ; J. R. Elliott First and P. E. Shaver Sec- ond Lieutenants. The following history as to the organization has been furnished by Surgeon M. B. Cochran: ''On the 28th of March, 1861, a meeting was held in Mendenhall's hall, Iowa City, to take measures to organize a company of cavalry. The meeting adjourned tt) the 15th of Apiil, when another meeting was held in Market hall. Thirty-five names were en- rolled and an organization was completed. J. O. Gower was chosen Captain, J. W. Porter First Lieutenant, John Borland Second Lieutenant, and J. R. Elliott Orderly Sergeant. The company met for drill regularly from that time until it was ordered into quarters by the Governor. Some of the original memliers left the compan}-, and many other names were added to the roll, and a reorganization was efl'ected ])efore tintd muster HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 25 into the United States service. J. R, Elliott was chosen First and P. E. Shaver Second Lieutenants." On the 1st day of August it was mustered into the United States service. The muster roll of the company for the month of August, 1861, shows that the company left Iowa City July 27th, and marched for Camp Warren, Burlington, a distance of eighty miles, ar- riAdng at Camp Warren July 29th, at nine a. m., '•'•in accord- ance with the orders of the Governor of the State of Iowa. ' ' Company G, The "Hardin Rangers," Was enrolled principally in the counties of Hardin, Dubuque, Blackhawk, Jones and Delaware, and organized at Eldora, with James D. Thompson Captain, H. H. Heath First and E. S. Foster Second Lieutenants. The following history of the or- ganization is taken from Surgeon Cochran's historical sketch of the regiment : ' ' After the fall of Fort Sumter a meeting was held at Eldora, and it was there decided to raise and mount a company of cavalry, to be known as the Hardin Rangers, and tender their services to the Government. J. D. Thompson was elected Captain, J. Edgington and L. E. Campbell First and Second Lieutenants, and E. S. Foster Orderly Sergeant. There was no trouble in securing men, but it was not so easy to pro- cure horses. Each man had to furnish his own horse, and, as many of the men were not able to do this, a large number recruited for the Rangers left the company and joined the infantry. ' ' The nucleus of a company had been formed in Dubuque by H. H. Heath, and Captain Thompson proceeded to that place to arrange for a consolidation, which resulted in the organiza- tion of Company G, with J. D. Thompson as Captain, H. H. Heath as First Lieutenant, L. E. Campbell as Second Lieuten- ant, and J. M. Simeral Orderly Sergeant. About that time a call was made for a regiment of cavalry from Iowa. Informa- tion was received from Washington that the Government would furnish horses to all who could not suppl}' themselves, and the 4 26 HISTOEY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. company was rapidly filled. The Hardin county portion of the company moved to Burlington via Ottumwa, and at Eddyville joined Company H, while the Dubuque portion moved l)y boat to Burlington. Lieutenant Campbell did not respond when the order came to move, and E. S. Foster was chosen Second Lieutenant on arriving at Burlington. "" It went into quarters June 13th, and was mustered into the United States service August 1st, 1861. Company H. Company H was enrolled in the counties of Monroe and Lu- cas, and organized at Albia, with Daniel Anderson as Captain, afterward Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel ; Riley West- cott First Lieutenant, afterward Captain ; and William S. Whisenand Second Lieutenant, afterward Captain and Major. It went into quarters June 13th, and was mustered into the United States service August 5th, 1861. No further informa- tion as to the organization of this company has been received. Company I. Company I was enrolled in the counties of Wapello and Keo- kuk, (a few were from Hancock county, Illinois,) and organ- ized at Ottumwa, with J. W. Caldwell as Captain, afterward Major and Lieutenant Colonel ; Dr. David C. Dinsmore First Lieutenant, afterward Captain ; and W. H. Kitterman Second Lieutenant. The following history of the organization of the company is furnished by Lieutenant Joseph H. Springer : "A short time after the Second Infantry took the field, M. A. Brown and Edward F. Lewis, both of Ottumwa, commenced recruiting a company. When the call came for a cavalry regi- ment it was decided that this company should join it. But be- fore we were ordered into quarters Mr. Brown for some reason unknown to the writer withdrew, and J. W. Caldwell succeeded him and continued the recruiting. The company was enrolled to the number of seventy-three men. After arriving at Bur- lington seven men from Hancock county, Illinois, joined the HISTORY OP FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 27 company. While in camp at Burlington the number was in- creased to one hundred and three men rank and file.-'' The company went into quarters May 3d, and was mustered into the United States service August 3d, 1861. Edward F. Lewis was rejected because of diseased eyes, and John J. Adams be- cause of over age. Company K, The "Union Rangees," Was enrolled in the county of Clayton, a portion coming from Allamakee and Winneshiek counties. It was organized at Mc- Gregor, with Robert L. Freeman as Captain ; Dr. Thomas H. Barnes, afterward Captain, First, and Albert L. Freeman Sec- ond Lieutenants. Captain Freeman was a soldier in the Mexi- can war, and it was chiefly through his persevering efforts that the company was organized. It went into quarters May 15th, 1861. The following history of the organization of the com- pany, by Captain Freeman, will be read with interest : "In the spring of 1861 the great question of the day was, freedom or slavery ; the dissolution of the Union and separation of the South from the North ; even war was freely and openly discussed ; l)ut no one really believed that we would l3e plunged into a struggle that would endanger the existence of the best government on earth. When lo ! the first guns from Fort Sumter, as they reverberated over this broad land, could not have created more astonishment than the morning sun as it broke over the world for the first time, and admonished us that war, actual war, was upon us with all its horrors. '^The writer of this epistle was quietly and methodically pur- suing his way in order to hew out his fortune, in the little ham- let of McGregor, on the border of the Mississippi river, in the State of Iowa, when a call for 75,000 men came from our lamented President Lincoln. Thinking my services might be of some little value, I commenced the formation of a company. A drum and fife were brought into requisition. The streets were daily paraded. The usual ragtag and bolitail of followers and 28 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. boys trooped after the music. A company roster was made out and freely signed. Merchants, lawyers, doctors and arti- sans all seemed anxious to join. Meetings were held, patriotic speeches were delivered, in which sixty to ninety days were allowed to completely annihilate our Southern neighbors and drive what few of them were left back into the Union. It was decided to call the company the '•'Union Rangers, " and your humble servant was selected to visit the Governor of the State in order to be incorporated at once into the army and sent to the front. "In the meantime the 75,000 call had been filled. The bat- tle of Bull Run had been fought and lost to us, and another call had been ordered. The Governor said no cavalry had been called for from Iowa as yet, but to go back and keep my com- pany together, as they would certainly be called for. So I returned and waited patiently day after day, and finally, when patience was about exhausted, a telegram came notifying me to hold my company in readiness to report to Colonel Fitz Henry Warren, First Iowa Cavalry, at a moment's notice. Then came consternation in our camp — a general stampede and back-out of so large a number of the would-be soldiers on paper that it nearly depleted the company. But by the heroic efforts of those really in earnest the company was finally made up again and ready when the call came. The steamer War Eagle was chartered to carry us to Burlington, where we arrived August 1st, and were mustered into the service of the United States August 17th, 1861, as Company K, First Iowa Cavalry." On the 13th of June the Captains of these ten companies re- ceived orders from the Governor to hold their companies in readiness for further orders, and on the 18th of July were or- dered to rendezvous at Burlington to be mustered into the United States service. On July 30th the muster in commenced and continued without delay until all were mustered in. Prior to this time, (in the latter part of May,) an order from HISTOKY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 29 the Governor was issued to the officers of the companies then organized to meet at Ottumwa for the purpose of forming a regimental organization. The meeting was held June 5th, at which time Fitz Henry Warren was elected Colonel, Charles E. Moss Lieutenant Colonel, Edwin W. Chamberlain Major. The regimental organization commenced at this date, June 5 th, 1861. At an extra session of the Legislature of the State, held about May 15th, a joint resolution was passed tendering these ten companies to the Secretary of War as an independent regi- ment. It was the second regiment of cavalry mustered into the United States service during the rebellion. The First Illi- nois Cavalry was mustered in a few days before. In the raising, recruiting, and the acceptance into service of the regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Charles E. Moss was most in- defatigable in his efforts, as an extract from a letter from him, under date of Springfield, Missouri, July 3d, 1885, will show: ' ' I issued advertisements, sent out handbills, calling for volun- teers to fill a regiment, the week we heard of the firing on Fort Sumter, and in May attended the session of the Legislature and lobbied through the resolution tendering it to the Government ; and was present, in fact called the meeting at Ottumwa in June that organized it, secured the commissions for field offi- cers, and finally procured its acceptance. I selected ten of the companies comprising the regiment. Of course I cannot avoid feeling an interest in the First Iowa boys. My health is not good, I am getting old, and begin to feel that my race is al- most run. I would like much to meet my old comrades once more this side the River, and am living in hope to do so. ' ' Lieutenant Colonel Moss died recently, (June, 1888,) and will meet the ' ' Boys of the Old First " he so kindly held in re- membrance on the other " ' side the River. ' ' By an act of Congress, approved July 29th, the number of companies constituting a cavalry regiment was increased to twelve. This was pleasing intelligence for those who had en- 30 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. listed for the First Cavalry ])ut were unable to olitain admis- sion l^ecause the regiment was filled to its maximum strength. Arrangements were at once made for the organization of the- two companies, to be designated as Companies L and M. Company L Was recruited by Lieutenant H. H. Heath and Sergeant James M. Simeral, Company G, and Sergeant D. C. Mclntyre, Company B. The men were mostly enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Jackson and Jones, coming from nearly the same localities as that of Company G. The company was organized with H. H. Heath as Captain ; and D. C. Mclntyre, after- ward Captain, First, and James M. Simeral, afterward First Lieutenant, Second Lieutenants, and was mustered into the United States service September 23d, 1861. No further in- formation as to the formation of this company has been re- ceived. Company M. The "Black Plume Rangers" Were composed of many of those men who were unable to join Company B, and enrolled principally in the county of Clinton. It was organized with W. H. Ankeny as Captain ; James Crissy First, and James P. Crosby, afterward Captain, Second Lieutenants. It went into quarters September 2d, and was mustered into the United States service Septemljer 12th, 1861, at Davenport. This company had been recruited for the First Regiment, but was not accepted because it already had its complement of ten companies, and the company had been ordered to Davenport to become a part of the Second Iowa Cavalry. When the order was received increasing cavalry regiments to twelve companies, measures were taken which resulted in ordering this company to Burlington and T)econiing, in accordance with the original design of both officers and men, a part of the First Cavalry. The addition of this company to the regiment completed its HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 31 organization, and it now numbered one thousand and ninety-five men rank and file. Soon after additional enlistments increased the number to one thousand two hundred and forty-five. Upon completing the organization of the field and staff, the officers were as follows : Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel. Charles E. Moss, Lieutenant Colonel. Edwin E. Chamberlain and James O. Gower, (the latter promoted from Captain Company F,) Majors. M. B. Cochran, Surgeon ; D. B. Allen, Assistant Surgeon. James Latham, Chaplain. Dr. Joseph C. Stone, Adjutant. Martin L. Morris, Quartermaster. D. A. Kerr, Company A, J. S. Edsall, Company B, and J. M. Bryan, Company D, Battalion Adjutants. John A. Landis, Company I, W. H. Mussy, Company K, and C. A. Case, Company M, Battalion Quartermasters. The regiment owned its horses and horse equipments, receiv- ing from the Government forty cents per day for use and risk of each horse. It was composed almost entirely of educated young men, from twenty to thirty-five years of age, as is shown by the records of veteran re-enlistments. The average age of six hundred and fifteen examined at the time of veteran re- enlistment was twenty-five and three-fourths years, and it is safe to estimate that one-half of the men in the regiment were as patriotic and worthy to have filled the offices as were those who had been chosen. All the trades and professions were represented in the ranks, and it was prepared for any emergen- cy. Many were appointed to honorable and responsible posi- tions, while others received promotions in other regiments, performing all their duties with ci-edit to themselves and honor to the old First Cavalry. In view of the intelligent character of the regiment, it is not surprising that Fitz Henry Warren was elected as its com- 32 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, manding officer. The following brief history of Colonel War- ren is taken fi'om ' ' Iowa in War Times, " by S. H. M. Byers, Adjutant of the Fifth Iowa Infantry Volunteers : "Brevet Major General Fitz Henry Warren was one of the ablest and most accomplished men of the State when the war came on. He came west to Burlington after a business career in Massachusetts, in the summer of 1844, and in 1849 Presi- dent Taylor appointed him Assistant Postmaster General. The excellent judgment with which he performed the important duties of his position attracted very general attention, and his name and character rapidly became a credit to the State. When Millard Fillmore signed the fugitive slave law, Warren threw up his ap- pointment and left the service of the Administration. This refusal to be a party to a policy so inhuman, and so liable to drift the country into eventual disaster, made Fitz Henry War- ren a popular man, and he was soon selected as one of the promi- nent managers in the campaign for General Scott. In the campaign of 1860, also, he became prominent, and was one of the most eloquent supporters of Mr. Lincoln before the people. After the election his former position in the Cabinet as Assist- ant Postmaster General was tendered him, but he dechned, he preferring to enter the military service of his country as a cav- alry officer of volunteers." At the time the war broke out he was associate editor of the New York Tribune, and was one of the ablest journalists in the United States. Warren was very impulsive, independent in action, brave and honorable, with a heart full of sympathy and affection. Knowing the character and ability of his men, he was supremely proud of his regiment, and his as- signment to the command was received with much pleasure by all, officers and men. A little incident which happened at Sedalia aptly illustrates his feeling upon this point. A Mis- souri militia Colonel was in command of the post. When the regiment went into camp at that place this Colonel, a "• ' recon- structed" I'ebel, wlio had heard of the summary manner in CdL fitz henry warren, HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 33 which the regiment treated his former friends in the various parts of Missouri, made same abusive and disreputable remarks in relation to the regiment. Colonel Warren heard of it, and without delay called on the militia Colonel. Among other things during the interview he said : ' ' Colonel, I have with me a thousand men more capable of commanding a regiment than you are' ' — ending with his usual expletive, ' "- G-d d — n you ! ' ' The Missouri Colonel made no further remarks about the First Iowa Cavalry. Quite a number of the officers of the regiment were among the noted and talented politicians of the State. Lieutenant Colonel Moss had been a cavalryman in the Mex- ican war, and was a noted orator of Lee county, of intensely radical opinions. Judge William E. Leffingweil, Captain of Company B, was one of the ablest lawyers in the State, and one of the finest ora- tors in the Democratic party. P. Gad Bryan, Captain of Company D, was a lawyer by profession, and a popular Democrat, from the southern part of the State. ' ' Of a generous nature, addicted to joining the Church once in awhile, it was almost impossible to defeat him when he ran for office, which he frequently did. ' ' William Thompson, Captain Company F, had been a mem- ber of Congress, and connected with the leading Democratic journal of the State. "-After his party lost the reins of power, it was usual for him to preside at its State conventions, or take a prominent part therein, much to the disgust of Judge McFar- lane, of Boone county.'' Daniel Anderson, Captain Company H, was an acknowledged political leader in his section, and long represented his district in the State Senate. Robert L. Freeman, Captain Company K, had been a soldier in the Mexican war, and was well and favorably known in po- litical warfare in Clayton and adjoining counties. H. H. Heath, Captain Company L, was a leader in the 84 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Breckinridge wing of the Democracy, and quite belligerent; he however yielded to the circumstances. '■ *• His fealty to his (irovernment outweighed the fealty to party, and he manfully left it at the call of patriotism.." After the arrival of oui* troopers in Burlington, they were engaged in l)uilding barracks for themselves, making shoes for their horses, and otherwise preparing for the life of a soldier. We have reason for saying that their camp life was not wholly devoid of sunshine and merriment, and that they had quickly learned one of the first duties of a soldier — to complain of the (juality of his rations — for, quoting from Captain S. S. Bur- dett's (Company B) diary, we find that on August 6th the regi- ment was ordered to Keokuk to prevent, as reported, a raid from the rebels on the Missouri border. The raid, however, did not materialize. The regiment arrived at Keokuk August Hth, and this is what the Captain says in relation to rations : "August 8th, company reached Keokuk. -Hard sledding,' short rations and poor in (luality. August 9th. Keokuk ; musty bread, maggoty bacon, short of hay. musty corn. Saturday. August loth, row among all the companies about rations ; com- panies left dress paratle on double (juick, shouting ])read. Sun- day, August 11th. rations improved." On Monday they marched for Burlington, arriving at that place on the 13th. A])()ut this time C^aptain William Thompson. Captain Com- pany E. by order of Colonel Warren, visited St. Louis for the pin-})ose of tendering the services of the regiment to Major (reneral Fremont. (\)lonel Th()m})son writes as follows in ref- erence to the matter : "Some time after the regiment had been fully organized and nnistered into the United States service, it moved to Keo- kuk in order to be near the field of anticipated conflict and to await further orders. A few days after our arrival at Keokuk, I was ordered l)y Colonel Warren to St. Louis, with instruc- tions to present in his name as Colonel thereof the regiment. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 85 already mounted on their own horses? and eciuipnients, to Major General John C. Fremont, whose headquarters were then at St. Louis, and if the regiment was accepted by him, to procure from him the means of clothing, arming and equipping it. In a])out a week from the time I made known to General Fremont the object of my visit, I was informed olficially by his Quarter- master General that the General would not receive the regi- ment unless it would sell its horses to the Government at ^119 a head for such as would pass inspection. As the law then allowed cavalrymen and officers to own their horses and horse eciuipinents, and to receive ample pay for their use and risk, and as our horses had cost on an average over $150 a head, I appealed from the General's decision to the Secretary of War. Colonel Warren ordered me to proceed to Washington with the ajjpeal, and if necessary to offer the regiment to General Mc-- Clellan, who was organizing the Army of the Potomac. At Washington 1 })resented the case to Secretary Cameron, who referred me to his Assistant, the Hon. Tom Scott, who at first thought General Fremont was right, but when I produced the law he overruled General Fremont's decision, and issued a per- emptory order to the General to receive the regiment with their horses and horse equipments, and to pay forty cents a day for the use and risk of each. •' In about six weeks, having performed the duties assigned me as far as I was able, I rejoined my regiment, then in quarters at Camp Benton, near St. Louis, Missouri."" The ''boys" were ra})idly endeavoring to become expert horsemen, and frequently i)ut their horses on their mettle, re- gardless of time or place. This exercise became so frequent that the following order was issued to correct this militain/ irregularity' : Headquarters First Regiment Iowa Cavalrv, Camp Warren. Aug-ust 18th. 1861. C'aptain (iowER: — Your attention is called to the following- order in force in this command, and vou will aid in its strict enforcement : 36 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. i ' To avoid injury to horses from improper riding, each company will water its horses at water call, in charge of one of the company ser- geants, who will not permit the horses to be ridden faster than a walk to and from the place of watering ; and in no case will any soldiers be permitted to run their horses through camp, or through the streets of the city or town in the neighborhood of the camp, except when under the command of a commissioned or non-commissioned officer." By command of Colonel commanding. H. H. HEATH, Adjutant. It appears from the text of the order that the ' ' boys' ' could speed their horses at any time and place providing they were under the command of a commissioned or non-commissioned officer, and that the officers were not debarred from partici- pating in the sport. They remained in rendezvous at Burlington, drilling and do- ing camp duty, until September 30th, at which time they were ordered to St. Louis. On that day six companies embarked on the steamer Jennie Whipple, ^\\i\\ their horses on barges. On arriving at Montrose they re-embarked on the steamer Han- nibal City, and arrived at St. Louis October 2d at about four o'clock p. M. Here they disembarked and marched to Benton Barracks. The other companies except L and M followed, ar- riving at the Barracks from tw.enty-four to forty-eight hours later. Says a member of Company C : ^ ' The following incidents occurred on the trip to St. Louis. After passing Alton, Illi- nois, we were fired upon by a man on the bluff. The shot was aimed at a group of us sitting around the pilot house. It was well aimed, but the ball fell short and struck the barge among the horses, and imbedded itself in the timber. Edwin W. Deal, our saddler, while attempting to saddle his horse, fell overboard and was drowned." Companies L and M remained in camp at Burlington until October 13th, on account of a delay in the furnishing of their uniforms and horse equipments, and arrived at Benton Barracks October 17th. At this time Major General John C. Fremont HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 37 was in command of the Western Department, comprising the States of Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois, Kansas, and the Terri- tories west of these States. His headquarters were at St. Louis. The State of Missouri at this time was the great battle field of the West, and the warfare was carried on by an organized army and by lawless marauders, principally by the latter, the State becoming one vast theater of pillage, arson and murder. The slaveholding power was in the ascendancy. The want of suc- cess of our armies in the East, and the victories gained in the West at such fearful costs, were a source of alarm and distress to the loyal people of the North. Fremont, believing success to be a duty, had taken the field in person and was ' ' making slavery feel the war." He was at Springfield with an army of about 20,000 men, while Generals Price, Van Dorn and others confronted him with a superior force at Keitsville and vicinity, about twenty-five miles distant to the south. Brigadier General John Pope, with one division of Fremont's army, was at Jef- ferson City ; Major General David Hunter, with another divis- ion, was at Versailles, a town about twenty miles south from the Pacific railroad, both under marching orders to reinforce Fremont, while other divisions of the army were located at other convenient points. On the 18th the first battalion of the regiment — Companies A, B, F and G, under command of Cap- tain Leffingwell, Company B — was ordered to report to General Pope, then on the march to Springfield. Having been fur- nished with revolvers and sabers, they embarked on the steamer South- Western and another Missouri river steamer, and arrived at Jefferson City on the 20th, going into camp at '•'■Camp Price." On the 25th the battalion marched by the way of Cal- ifornia and Syracuse to Otterville, arriving at that place on the 26th. On the 27th it was ordered to escort a supply train, and at Humans ville joined the army under General Pope, at which time it was ordered to report to him as his body guard. From this place, on November 1st, a forced march was made to Springfield, in obedience to an order from General Fremont, 38 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. who had received intelligence that General Price and his forces were a})oat to attack him. General Pope with his command reached Springfield alwut eight o'clock on the morning of the 3d, but no attack was made upon that place. At this time. November 2d, in the presence of the enemy. General Fremont was removed from the command of the De- partment — superceded l)y Major General David Hunter, who was at that time marching upon another road to reinforce Gen- eral Fremont. On assuming command of the army, Genend Hunter, by the advice, not positive order, it is said, of Presi- dent Lincoln, ordered the evacuation of Springfield, and a return of the troops to the Missouri river. This disgraceful act on the part of General Fremont's .superiors, as intended, was exceedingly humiliating to him, and a most bitter disajv pointment to his men. They expected and desired to be led by their favorite commander against Price and his rebel hordes, then but a few miles to- the south. Fremont had been too pro- nounced in his views as to the employment of slaves in assisting to crush the rebellion, and his fate was thus sealed. • • Thy error. Fremont, simply was to act A brave man's part, without the statesman's tact. And taking counsel but of common sense. To strike at cause as well as consequence." The chase after the rebel army was relinquished. The "boys" in sore disappointment countermarched to the Missouri river. The army was virtually disbanded, and the southern portion of the State, for several months, abandoned to Price and his fol- lowers. By the time Major (jeneral Hunter reached the Pacific rail- road he was superceded l)y Major General H. AV. Halleck. Springfield was evacuated, and on the 9th the return march, with rations nearly exhausted, with no supply trains near, was connnenced. The battalion, followed l)y the army, camped on the 10th three miles distant south from the town of Bolivar, the county seat of Polk county, on the road leading from HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, 39 Springfield to Warsaw. On the 11th, eight miles distant south of Quincy, a town in the northern portion of Hickory county. On the 12th, eight miles south from the town of Warsaw, the county seat of Benton county, on the Little Pomme de Terre river. On the 13th, two miles north of Warsaw, on the edge of a prairie, on a branch of Cole Camp creek, near the little town of Orange. On the 14th, aljout twelve miles north from Warsaw, on Cole Camp creek. On the 15th, four miles south from Smithton, near the old camping ground of the liattalion. On the 16th, two miles west from Otterville, a small town on the Pacific railroad, in the southwestern portion of Cooper county — the weather cold and freezing. On the 17th it arrived at Syracuse, a little town also on the Pacific railroad, in the northeastern portion of Morgan county, going into camp about two miles south of the town. It remained here until Saturday, December l-lth, doing scouting duty, etc., the active and labo- rious duty of which will be seen by noting a few instances of the labor performed. On November 2<)th a party was sent out in the direction of flonesburg : '^ Marched all night and arrived in the town cm the morning of the 31st." On the same day it was in camp near Muddy Creek, as will be seen by the following receipt given by Major (Captain) Leffingwell for corn : (.'amp neak Muddy Creek, Mo., November 21st. 1861. » Received of John Rutherford thirty bushels of corn, which I certify was absolutely necessary for the ])ublic sei'vice. (Signed.) W. E. LEFFINGWELL. Major First Iowa Cavalry. The scouting party returniHl to camp at Syracuse al)()ut mid- night the 21st. December 5th, a scouting party commanded by Captain Lef- fingwell was ordered out in the direction of Warsaw, and camped in a severe snow storm ten miles south from the little town of Cole Camp, in Benton county. A force of 1,500 reb- 40 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. els was reported at Warsaw. The command entered the town about ten a. m. of the 7th, but found no enemy. On the 9th, about ten p. m., it returned to camp, "completely tired out." On the 9th, another party of 150 men, commanded by Cap- tain P. Gad Bryan, Company D, was sent out. returning at midnight of the 10th. On the 12th, all of the available force of Companies B and G were ordered out with three days' rations. Soon after the first battalion had been ordered from Benton Barracks into the field, Companies C and H, Captain Levi Chace commanding, were ordered to Jefferson City, by boat, and from there to Rockport, a small town on the Missouri river, about forty miles northwest from Jefferson City. Here they disembarked and joined the command of General Prentice in a campaign into northern Missouri, scouting the country in the vicinity of Roanoke, Renick, Columbia, and other places ; after which they returned to Jefferson City, where they remained during the winter under the command of Major Jas. O. Gower. A few days after Companies C and H left Benton Barracks, Companies D and I, under command of Captain J, W. Cald- well, Company I, were ordered into the field, to report to Gen- eral Pope. They joined the first battalion at Syracuse, a small town situated on the Pacific railroad, in Morgan county. Soon afterward Company I was ordered to escort a supply train for General Fremont at Springfield. Arriving at Ver- sailles, the county seat of Morgan county, situated about twenty miles to the south of Syracuse, the order was countermanded. The company countermarched and joined Companies A, B, D, F and G at Syracuse. December 10th, while in camp at Syracuse, Captain William M. G. Torrence, Company A, having been previously (^October 26th) commissioned Major, assumed command of the Ijattalion. This was a great disappointment not only to Captain Leffing- well, l)ut to all the companies in the field. It was generally supposed that Lieutenant Colonel Moss would resign as soon as CAPTAIN H. 8. HEBERLING, Late Amb. Off. and A. A. Q. M. 2iid Cav. Div. Mil. Div. of the Gulf. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 41 the regiment arKved at Benton Barracks, that Captain Torrence would be promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Leffing- well promoted to Major. But Lieutenant Colonel Moss did not resign, and Captain Torrence was accordingly promoted to Major. On the 14th the battalion, with the exception of the greater portions of Companies B and G, who had been ordered out on the 12th as a scouting party, marched in command of Major Tor- rence to join General Pope's forces at Sedalia. in an expedition for the purpose of intercepting a number of large bodies of re- cruits on tlieir way to join the rebel armj^ under General Price at Osceola, the county seat of St. Clair count}'. It arrived at Sedalia about twelve m. of the 15th. General Pope's forces consisted of two brigades, numbering aljout four thousand men, infantry, cavalry and artillery. The first brigade was commanded l)y Colonel Jefferson C. Davis, Twenty-Second Indiana Infantry, and the second by Colonel (afterward Major General) Fred Steele, Eighth Iowa Infantry. The command marched on the afternoon of the 15th in a south- erly direction, on the road leading to Warsaw, in order to deceive the enemy as to the destination of the expedition. The march was continued on this road for a distance of eleven miles. On the 16th the line of march was changed to the west, and after marching about tAventy-three miles the command camped at a place on Post Oak creek, between two roads leading from Warrensburgh, the county seat of Johnson county, to Clinton, the county seat of Henry county — one road leading by the way of Post Oak and Cornelia, and the other by way of Chilhowe. Many prisoners were brought in during the day. Just as the l)attali()n had arrive lieen performed with cheerfulness and alacrity." On the next day (20th), the prisoners being guarded by the infantry, the command marched for Otterville by the way of Sedalia, Georgetown, Farmer's City and Smithton, camping near Otterville on the 21st. From this place the prisoners were sent to St. Louis. The battalion remained in eamp at Otterville, (Companies B and G in the meantime having arrived from Syracuse,) until December 29th, at which time Compa- nies A, F, G and I marched for Booneville, arrivine; at that place on the 30th. Booneville is a flourishing town, situated on the south side of the Missouri river, in Cooper county. On the 31st, Lieutenant Dinsmore, Company I, and Adjutant Kerr, with a scouting party- of twenty men, were ordered out in a southeasterly direction from Booneville, returning to camp next day. The location of the several companies of the regiment, Jan- uary 1st, 1862, was as follows : Companies A, F, G and I at Booneville, Major Torrence commanding. B and D in camp at Otterville, (headquarters of General Pope,) scouting, doing- provost duty, and patrolling the Pacific railroad. Captain Lef- fingwell commanding. C and H at Jeflerson City, performing similar duties to those of B and D, Major James O. Gower commanding. E, K, L and M, Colonel Fitz Henry Warren commanding, at Benton Barracks, drilling and preparing for active field opei'ations. The headquarters of the regiment was at Benton Barracks. Surgeon M. B. Cochran was in the field with the first battalion, and Assistant Surgeon D. B. Allen was at Benton Barracks with the third ])attalion. Whenever the difl'erent companies left for the field, the sick men were left in hospital at Benton Barracks. In reference to this matter As- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 47 sistant Surgeon Allen, now residing tit West Liberty, Ohio, writes as follows : * ' I was left at Benton Barracks, with the balance of the regi- ment and the sick, Colonel Fitz Henry Warren in command, I received orders to reconstruct and convert one of the build- ings on the fair grounds into a regimental hospital, which I did, taking charge of it during the winter of '61 and '62 ; and the wounded of that part of the regiment in the tield were sent to Benton Barracks, so that the sick of that portion of the I'egi- ment which remained, and those that were sent in from the iield, gave us full wards and plenty to do. We had at that time an epidemic of measles, and those sick in their quarters, before I got the hospital completed, suffered greatly for want of ventilation, and there was necessarily a large mortality ; but after we got them in oui* cosy little hospital the mortality was nmch less." January 4th, hy order of General Pope, Companies A, F,, G and 1, in command of Major Torrence, with four companies of ' • Merrill's Horse, " (Second Missouri Cavalry, ) in command of Lieutenant Colonel Shaffer and Major Hunt, crossed the Mis- souri river at Booneville on the march to Howard county. On the 5th this detachment camped on the Bonne Femme creek, about two miles northeast from Fayette, the county seat of Howard county. At this place they were reinforced by four companies First Missouri Cavalry, under Major Hubliard, and one company Fourth Ohio Cavalry, under Captain Foster. On Sunday, the 6th, this force marched into the town of Fayette, and removed a rel)el flag from the steeple of the Court House, and in its place hoisted ' ' Old Glory" to the breeze, amid ^he cheers of the soldiers and a few of the loyal citizens who were faithful to their country and to the old flag. After which Ma- jor Hubl)ard delivered an address, saying among other things for the especial benefit of his disloyal hearers, "that if that flag was molested he would return and burn the town." The flag- was not molested. 48 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. BATTLE OF SILVER CREEK, MISSOURL It had been reported that a miinl)er of rebel camps were l^e- ing organized in this vicinity and this force had been sent to dcf^troy them. After scouting parties which had been sent to Glasgow and Roanoke had returned reporting a rebel force of eight hundred men under the notorious Poindexter in camp about seven or eight miles from Roanoke, on Silver creek, and after the arrival of five companies of the Fifth Iowa Infanti'}- from Booneville, for camp guard during the absence of the cavalry — this cavalry force consisting of Companies A, F, G and I, First Iowa Cavalry, two hundreed men, Major Torrence in command, a part of Companies B, H, I and L, First Mis- souri Cavalry, and Captain Foster's company. Fourth Ohio Cavalry, consisting of one hundred and eighty men. Major Hubbard in command, and one hundred men of ' " Merrill's Horse," Major Hunt in conmiand. all under the command of Major Torrence, by order of Genei'al Pope, marched on the 8th at eight o'clock a. m., and after a march of about nine hours they arrived in the vicinity of the rebel camp. The at- tack was made at half -past four p. m., and in a short time "the enemy fled in every direction, leaving their camp in our possession. " All their camp equipage and their ' *• plunder" was burned, and 200 horses captured. ''The darkness of the hour saved them all from lieing taken prisoners. " The enemy's loss in this engagement was not accurately known, but supposed to have been about sixty killed and one hundred wounded. Here the regiment lost its first man, James Convey, Company F ; he was mortally wounded and died the next day. Five others of the regiment were also Avounded — James Scott and Thomas Fletcher, Company A ; Stephen M. Sexton, Compan\- F ; Cornelius Thompson and An(h"ew Johnson. Company I. The total loss as given in Surgeon Cochran's report, who was present during the engagement, was five killed, seven danger- ously, eleven severely and four slightly wounded. In reference to the death of Convey. Surgeon Cochran writes : ' ' In that HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 49 engagement we lost our tirst man in battle — James Conve}', of Company F — as brave a boy as ever lived. He was but a 1)oy in years, but every inch a hero. I found him on the field a few minutes after he was shot, and saw that in all probability the wound would prove fatal in a few hours. He was also con- scious that he had answered to roll-call for the last time, and said to me : ' Well, some lives must be sacrificed in this cause, and it had far Ijetter be mine than one with wife and children dependent upon him.' Brave words, bravely uttered, and worthy to be written in letters of living light." The name Silver Creek was o^iven this eno^ao-ement for the reason that it was fought on the borders of a small creek by that name in the southwestern part of Randolph county, near the town of Renick, a small station on the North Missouri rail- road. On the 9th the command returned to camp near Fayette. Following are the reports of Major Torrence of the engage- ment and Surgeon Cochran of our wounded : REPORT OF MAJOR TORRENCE. Headquarters 1st Battalion 1st Iowa Cavalry, Camp NEAR Fayette. Howard Co., Mo., Jan. 11th. 186:^. Colonel : — Bespected Sir — The Major commanding- directs me to make the following- report to you. By oi'der of General Pope we proceeded from Otterville to this county for the purpose of dispersing- sundry rebel camps which were being- formed in the vicinity, and arrived here on Sunday, January oth. 1862. Much fear was apprehended by the few strong Union men who reside near here that we would be attacked by the enemy — every pre- caution was taken against being- surprised. On Monday, the 6th. we raised the stars and stripes on the court house in Fayette, witnessed by the whole command and many citizens. Tuesday, the 7th, 400 men scouring- the country, and returned in the evening- bring-ing- intelligence of a rebel camp commanded by Poindex- ter, situated near Roanoke. On morning of the 8th, five companies of the Fifth Iowa Infantry arrived from Booneville, and leaving them to guard our camp here, the following command was on the march at eight o'clock, composed of pai't of four companies of First Missouri Cavalry. Companies I, L, B and H, and Captain Foster's Ohio Cavalry, 50 HISTORY or FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. consisting' of 180 men, commanded by Major Hubbard ; four companies of First Iowa Cavalry, Companies A, F, G and I, consisting of 200 men. under command of Major Torrence ; and 100 Merrill's Horse, com- manded by Major Hunt. We arrived near the location of their camp, which was situated on or near the head waters of Silver creek, seven or eight miles from Roanoke, about four o'clock p. m., and made the attack at half-past four. The enemy were protected by dense woods and underbrush, and there was no approach to them save through a narrow road, only wide enough for two men to ride abreast. Our troops were immediately ordered, ■ ' Left in single rank" — dismounted, and every fifth man held horses, and prepared to fight on foot. The engagement commenced immediately — our boys rallied to the ground — the enemy made a faint cheer — when one simultaneous shout went up from our ranks. The enemy faltered, gave back, i-etreated in disorder, and a perfect rout on their side ensued. They dropped their guns, blankets, overcoats and hats, and we had possession of their camp. After pur- suing them a little distance, which we found impracticable, we returned to camp and destroyed everything thereunto belonging, being unable to take anything away. We returned to this camp on the morning of the 9th inst.. leaving Dr. Cochran with the wounded at a house near the battle ground. The wounded are doing very well, and will go to 8t. Louis by North Mis- souri railway to-day. A. G. McQUEEN. Captain (Jomjiany A, First Iowa Cavalry. REPORT OF SURGEON COCHRAN. Renick. Randolph Co.. Mo.. Jan. 12th. J 862. Sir : — I send you list of wounded (under my care) at battle of Silver Creek, Mo. First Iowa Cavalry. Company A. James Scott, in lower jaw. severely. Thomas Fletcher, in right side, not severely. Company F. James Convey, through the abdomen, fatally — has since died. Stephen M. Sexton, in right hand, not severely. Company L ( "ornelius Thompson, in left shoulder, severely. Andrew Johnson, in both legs, not seriously. • ' Merriir s Horse . "" ' Company D. Jacob King, in the head, fatally — has since died. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 51 Company E. Alexander Keath, killed. Thomas Moore, in left thigh, severely. Henry Redding, in right knee and left elbow, not severely. Company F. William C. Lantis, in the right side, not dangerously. Fourth Ohio Cavalry. Captain P'oster's Company. Benjamin F. Dugan, in right arm and leg, not dangerously. Samuel Koflfman, in left hand, not severely. Leander Kinzer, in right leg, very severely. First Missouri Cavalry. Company I. flohn F. Dumont. in left arm, not seriously. William Myer, in the neck, fatally— has since died. Thomas W. George, in the head, fatally — has since died. George W. Mitchell, in the face, not dangerously. John Hessing, in right side and thigh, severely. John McGeary, in the hand, not severely. Company L. Lieutenant Burrows, in the arm, severely. Ansco Chubb, on the hip, slightly. John A. Brown, in the chest, severely. Birge's Shari) Shooters. James Conia. through the left lung, doing well. Several others were wounded, but I did not see them. I shall leave here for St. Louis to-morrow. All the boys are doing well, except Kin- zer. of Captain Foster's company, who will lose his leg if not his life. Truly Yours, M. B. COCHRAN, First Iowa Cavalry. Major W. M. G. Tokrence, First Iowa Cavalry. The following extracts from a letter written at Otterville, Mi.ssonri, by Sergeant, afterward Lieutenant C. W. W. Dow. Company F, in reference to the Ijattle of Silv'er Creek, etc., is here inserted : '•On January otli we raised our flag on the court house at Fayette. It is a strong secesh town. We placed our cavalry all around the court house square, and one of our men, a quar- termaster, raised the flag and tied it to the steeple. We gave 52 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. three hearty cheers at the sound of the bugle, sung the Red, White and Blue, gave three more cheers, and then left for our camp two miles away. • ' Dec. 7th. In camp. A detachment has gone to look for the ' Swamp Angels. ' Ordered to have our horses remain saddled all night, and sleep on our arms. Report that 2,000 rebels will attack us to-night. "• Dec. 8th. Day dawned but no attack made. At five a. m. the bugle sounded ' To horse, ' and we did as we expected to be done by — went after them. After marching fifteen miles we came to the town of Rcjanoke. Here we learned that the rebel camp was six miles distant. When within two miles of their camp we dismounted to fix our saddle-blankets, tighten girths, examine our arms, receive orders for the attack, etc. ; after Avhich we I'emounted and continued the march. The day was very foggy and tjuite warm. * * * ' '*Our force consisted of about 520 men, Major Torrence, of our regiment, in command of the force. After marching about two miles we entered a forest heavy and dense. We followed this forest road until we were fired upon. Second Lieutenant Charles Dustin with eighteen men of Company F formed the extreme advance guard, Dick Hoxie l)eing bugler. The timber being so dense, we were ordered to dismount and fight on foot, every fifth man holding horses. I acted as Second Lieutenant, our (\iptain having been left sick at Booneville. Having been oi'derod "to go in/ in we went. The road being full of troops, with four or six companies ahead of us, we took the side of the road. Our guidon was carried by U. E. Johnson, of Iowa (.ity. Away we went like greyhounds, with nothing but revol- vers and sabers, (we had no carlfines — a d — d shame,) passing three companies armed with carbines and Colt's revolving rifles (six shooters), for the enemy's camp. Our guidon was the first flag in there. Yes, Company F flag was first and foremost. But to be more particular. When the enemy first fired on our advance under Lieutenant Dustin, thev fired a full vollev at about HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 53 eight men, but did not wound any of them, as the advance had charged through and by them, before tlie rebels had fired a shot. But they came in behind him (Dustin), thus cutting him off for a time and then commenced firing on the advance thick and fast. As one of the rebels was leveling his rifle at Lieutenant Dustin, Dick Hoxie called to the Lieutenant to look out as a rel) was going to fire at him, then with his revolver he (Hoxie) shot the rebel through the head. •'The advance companies having halted to dismount. Lieu- tenant Dustin charged alone l)ack through the rebel line to urge the column forward. We soon had the rebs retreating, they giv- ing way. In a short time the First Iowa forged ahead of the car- bines of ' Merrill's Horse' and the First Missouri Cavalry with only our revolvers. Cheer followed cheer as we went into the creek, through ice and watei* knee deep, up the steep bank on the other side, and into their very camp. They wavered, scattered and fled like dogs as they were. As they had a steep hill to climb our revolvers and carbines told fearfully upon them. The fire from our side was a continuous roll. Many of the rebels fell on the side of the hill mortally wounded. As they had all left, and we being on foot, the bugle was sounded • To horse,' in order to pursue them, but our horses being so far away, and the underl)rush ))eing so dense, there Avas no oppoi'- t unity for pursuit. The *■ rally' having been sounded we formed in the center of their camp between the trees. An order was given to l)urn everything, as we could not take anything away, having no transportation. Everything was ])urned including a wagon loaded with powder. I saw one poor fellow of the enemy fall, and a few minutes afterwards, one of our men saw him lying dead with a daguerreotype in his hands. It was a l)icture of a young and handsome girl of nineteen or twenty years of age. The man took it, and has it now. I shall try to find out who he was. who she is, and send the picture to her. and tell her that in his last hour he thouirht of her. 54 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. "We captured from eighty to a hundred horses, rifles, shot- guns, Imtclier knives about eighteen inches in length, etc. ' ' The distinguished bravery of Lieutenant Dustin deserves the highest praise in leading the extreme advance with eight men, and on the field was highly complimented for his bravery and daring by the commanding officers, Majors Torrence and Hubbard. ' ' You will doubtless see or hear of numerous articles in re- lation to our tight at Silver Creek, without any mention of the First Iowa Cavalry in them. I want to say that all such re- ports are infernal hes." On the next day scouting parties which had l)een sent out re- turned with a few prisoners, who had been scattered over the country, the result of the engagement on the 8th. On Sunday, December 12th, a countermarch to Otterville was commenced. Marching through the towns of Fayette, New and old Franklin, the command camped on the banks of the Missouri river, opposite Boone ville, on the 13th. On the 15th it crossed the river and went into camp at that place. On the 16th the march was resumed, camping at the little town of Pilot Grove. Remaining in camp at Pilot Grove on the 17th, it resumed its march on the 18th. Passing through the towns of Pleasant Grove and Amaton. it arrived at Otterville at night and went into camp on its old camping ground. The battalion remained at Otterville until January 25th, at which time Com- panies A, F, G and I, under command of Major Torrence, marched for Sedalia. arriving at that place on the 27th. On the 28th they went into camp at a place between George- town and Sedalia, where their camp remained till March 12th. On February 3d, Companies B and D, with the Seventh Mis- souri Infantry, and Company E, First Missouri Light Artillery, all under the connnand of Colonel John D. Stevenson, Seventh Missouri Infantry, arrived at Georgetown on their way to Lex- ington, and left on the ith. During the time these companies were located near Georgetown their duties were arduous, and HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 55 engagements of greater or less magnitude were of frequent oc- currence. The noting of a few must suffice. February 8th, Major Torrence having received leave of ab- sence, left for his home in Iowa, and Captain J. D. Thompson, Company G, assumed command. On the 12th, A, G and I, under the command of Captain Thompson, with two pieces of the Missouri Light Artillery, and six companies of the Eighth Iowa Infantry, all under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Geddes, Eighth Iowa Infantry, made an expedition to Brownsville, Saline county, sending scouting parties into Lafayette county, and in other directions for a distance of fifteen miles, taking several prisoners. The weather was exceedingly cold, and the troops suffered greatly on this expedition. RAID TO WARSAW. On the 15th, about four p. m.. Captain Thompson, with 120 men from Companies A, F, G and I, and 120 men from the Eighth Iowa Infantry in wagons, under the command of Cap- tain Stubbs, left on a raid to Warsaw, and arrived at that place about three o'clock the next morning. They encountered the enemy's pickets at a hotel about four miles from town, charged them and run them into the town. The main body of the reb- els, consisting of about 300 men, had crossed the Osage river, and then disaljled the ferry boat. The rebel General Tom Price, (son of old Pap,) Colonel Dorsey. Brigade Surgeon, Major Cross, and Captain Inge, were taken prisoners ; and 36 nudes and four horses were captured. They returned to camp ai)()ut daylight on the morning of the 17th. The march of fifty miles and back was made in thirty-six hours. On the 25th Company A, under command of Captain Mc- (^ueen. was ordered on a scout to Leesville. Henry county. It returned on the morning of the 27th, having captured fifteen prisoners and a number of horses. 56 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. EXPEDITION TO HENRY, BATES AND ST. CLAIR COUNTIES. On March 3d a part of Companies A, F, G and I, 225 men, under command of Major Torrence, reported at Sedalia. Here they were joined by one section of the Missouri Liglit Artillery and five companies of the Eighth Iowa Infantry, under the com- mand of Lieutenant Colonel Furquerson, three companies of the Twenty-Sixth Indiana Infantry, and two companies of the Sixth Missouri Infantry. The infantry were transported in wagons. All, under command of Colonel Geddes, Eighth Iowa Infantry, left on an expedition through Henry. Bates and St. Clair counties. They marched through Belmont. Calhoun, Clinton, Deep Water, Rickey's Store and Pleasant Gap ; in the meantime sending out scouting parties in various directions. Returning l»y the way of Clinton, Calhoun and Belmont, the}' reached camp near Georgetown on the evening of the 8th, hav- ing marched two hundred and thirteen miles and taken fifty- .seven prisoners. During this period of misrule and anarchy, the slaves, ever faithful to the Union cause, demonstrating in numberless in- stances their allegiance and devoti(jn thereto, were ostracised by- special and specific orders issued l)y those who were being as- sisted and benefited by these unfortunate bondmen. President Lincoln, Secretary Stanton and General Halleck were endeavoi'- ing to solve the problem of reuniting a disruptured repul)lic by making it one-half slave and one-half free; a condition which President Lincoln in a pul)lic speech in 1858 declared could not exist, using the following mem()ral)le language upon that oc- casion : ' ' The Union cannot permanently exist, one-half slave and one-half free. '"■ Among the anti-slaveiy Generals Fremont was sacrificed at the behest of the slaveholding power — and the deplorable condition of Missouri was intensified and prolonged by such influence and action. The first i)rder to the regiment in reference to this matter Bbn. F. Skinner, Co. G. J. W. Kbapfel, Co. G S. VV. Trenchakd, Co. (J Ed. J. Brown, Co. G. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 57 was issued bj^ Capt. J. D. Thompson, Company G, Acting Ma- jor of the First Battalion in the absence of Major Torrence, dated at camp near Georgetown, Mo., Feb. 10th. 18(i2. There is no record sliowing by what authority he issued the order. The following is a copy of the order: Headquarters 1st Battalion 1st Iowa Cavalry, Camp near Georgetown, Mo.. Feb. 10th. 1HG2. Special Order No. 3. The commanding' officer directs that all negroes who have come into this camp subsequent to the 8th inst. shall be removed outside of our lines before to-morrow, nine o'clock a. m. Commanders of companies will see that this order is strictly enforced. By order of Capt. J. D. THOMPSON, Acting Major. and Com. 1st Battalion 1st Iowa Cavalry. David A. Kerr, Adjutant. On Feliruary 12th, however, General Orders No. 2 were issued from • ' Headquarters U. S. Forces, Post at Lexington. Mo. , by order of John D. Stevenson, Colonel Commanding ; Joshua W. Bourne, Act. Post Adjt." Sections 1. 8 aiid 9 of this fugitive slave order are inserted, and are as follows : Section I. The establishment of a Military Post at Lexington is for the pui'pose of restoring civil g-ovei*nment and social ordei" ; to renew the confidence of loyal citizens in the power of the Government to pro- tect them in the enjoyment of all their civil rights ; to induce all disaf- fected citizens to renew their allegiance to the Government, and to live in submission thereto : to put an end to the anarchy which has for the past nine months been permitted to exist, and restore that condition of law and order that in past times has afforded to the people such perfect happiness and substantial prosperity. To conduce to such result, the commanding officer declares the following rules foi- the government of himself and all persons within his command : Section VIII. The city of Lexington, as the commanding officer is advised, is infested with a large number of negroes whose masters fail to exercise over them that surveillance necessary to secure their good conduct. The Provost Marshal will require the owners of all slaves in and aroiuid the Post to take immediate possession of all such and re- move them beyond this Post : otherwise he will be proceeded against as a violator of this order and punished accordingly. 58 HISTORY OF FIRST lOAVA CAVALRY. Section IX. No fugitive slaves will be allowed within this Military Post, and it is made the especial duty of the Provost Marshal, in pursu- ance of general orders from Department headquarters, to cause all fugitive slaves within this Post, or who may hereafter come within the same, to be arrested and placed beyond the lines. On May 6th another order was issued by Colonel Stevenson, to permit a Mr. Holmes to search the camp of the First Iowa Cavalry for a fugitive slave. A copy of this order is also in- serted. AH of these orders are inserted as reminiscences of a time when strenuous efforts were made to perpetuate dm^ery and establish Freedoin — to fight rebellion but not allowed to tire on the enemy's magazine. FUGITIVE SLAVE ORDER. Headquarters U. S. Forces, Lexington, Mo., May 6th, 1862. Major : — I have had application made to me by a Mr. Holmes, of Johnson eo>mty, for a fugitive slave, his property, alleged by him to be in your camp. I call your attention to the enclosed order upon the subject of fugi- tive slaves, which has been ajDproved at headquarters and ordered to be strictly enforced. I desire you immediately to requii-e all fugitive slaves in your camp to be placed beyond your lines. It is not my piu'pose to convert our soldiers into •• slave catchers, ■■ which would be alike repugnant to them and myself, but I hold it to be the first duty of a soldier to obey his superior officers. Major General Halleck orders all fugitive slaves to be placed beyond our lines, leaving the slave and his master to settle their affairs theinselves. This order you will strictly enforce. By order of JOHN D. STEVENSON, Major W, M. G. Torrence, Colonel Commanding. ComWg 1st Battalion 1st la. Cavalry. The First Iowa Cavalry Avere neither a l)and of slave hunters nor "slave catchers." Very little attention was given to these orders, as the following occurrence will show. In Fel»ruary, Avhile Companies B and D were at Lexington, information was received that a slave Avho had escaped from his master and given important information and rendered efficient service to Colonel Mulligan, at the time the Colonel was in HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 59 command at Lexington, had been recaptured and returned to his master; tliat a chain had been riveted upon him. and he was a prisoner in his master's house. Lieutenant J. D. Jenks. Company D, ^vith a detail of men from Company D, visited the plantation near the town to ascertain the facts. The master disclaimed any knowledge of the facts and stoutly denied that any such man was on the plantation. During this conversation Lieutenant Jenks heard the clanking of a chain, and on search- ing the house he discovered the negro in one of the rooms, with a large iron chain aliout twelve feet in length and weighing seventy-tive poimds, ri^'eted around his ankle. He was at once taken to the blacksmith of Compan}' B. Isaac Rhodes, now re- sidino; at DeWitt, Iowa, the rivets cut, and the man o•i^'en his freedom. The chain was sent to the Iowa State Historical So- ciety, by Surgeon Cochran, a lasting memento of the l)arbarity of slavery and the devilish inhumanity and cruelty of the Mis- souri slaveholders, desperadoes, assassins and cut-throats which the First Iowa Cavalry encountered in its camjjaigns in this sorely afflicted State. The above eno-agements, skirmishes, scouts, etc., are cited to show the activity, the constant vigilance, the unswerving ad- herence to patriotism and duty, the tireless energy jind self- reliance and bravery of this regiment, amid the worst element comprising the so-called Southern Confederacy. It was an ex- perience which was never forgotten. The regiment was never ambushed nor surprised during its entire term of service. In this connection it is most })r()per to quote the language of Cap- tain S. S. Burdett, Company B, late Connnander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, in his oration delivered at the reunion of the regiment at C'edai' Rapids, Iowa. September 21st, 22(1 and 23d, lS8t), because it is eminently true, ex- pressed in language terse and unequivocal. He said : '•The early October days found us in Missouri, and tlience- forth we \vere assigned to duties which none could have well performed sa\'e onl}- the highest in the soldierly and patriotic 60 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. (]ualities of patience, fortitude, self-denial, unflinching courage, and supreme devotion to a cause. Every hardship known to Avar fell to our lot. The somber picture we daily faced was for years unlit by a single gleam of those glories which, in regular warfare, light up the pathway of the soldier to glory or the grave. Our battle fields were in the by-ways and waste places, where the human foxes we followed had their holes. Our marches were in the night time, for from every hill-top, and sometimes from the tree-tops, looked out a watcher to note our progress and fix the ambush. And though compelled to this duty, we were left without proper arms, and for two-thirds of our t(n'm of enlistment were not so well armed for the business we were engaged in as were the enemies we followed. But our duty was performed without repining, and I believe that if the history of our whole service could be written up Avith that mi- nuteness with which Kinglake has told the story of the Crimean campaign, that it would appear that for individual daring, for extent of coimtry covered and protected, for extent of marches, for numl^er of conflicts, and for soldierly endurance and self- denial, no regiment in the service excelled that to which we be- longed, or deserved better of its country.'' In the spring of 1862 orders were received "-all along the line" to '' advance.'' March 6th Colonel Warren, with Com- panies E, K. L and M. at Benton Barracks, were ordered to Clinton. Henry county, for the purpose of establishing posts to guard the western portion of the State, and cutting ofl' supplies and recruits, which \vere being sent to the rebel forces through this great highway. Colonel A\'arren, with the third ])attalion, arrived at Sedalia on March 9th. On tho 2Tth Companies B and D were ordered to Clinton by way of Sedalia, arriving at Sedalia on the 3()th. Companies C and H at Jeflerson City were ordered to Clinton by way of Se- dalia. arriving at Sedalia on the 15th. Companies A, F, G and I wei-e ordered from GeorgetoAvn to Sedalia. arriving at Sedalia March 12th. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 61 On the 5th, as before mentioned, the third battalion, undei' Colonel Warren, left Benton Barracks for the field. A mem- ber of Company K gives the following account of their jpil- grimage to Sedalia : • *• On March 5th we were ordered to Se- (lalia. We marched from the Barracks to the Pacific railroad depot and boarded a train. When a few miles out, near Kirk- wood, a station on the road, a collision took place, Avhich resulted disastrously for us — losing nearly one-half of the horses of the command ; Company K losing sixteen killed and four badly crippled. After waiting about twenty-four hours in mud and sleet, another train was procured and we again started for Sedalia. The next morning, on arriving at Jefferson City, we met Companies B and D, and were ' dubbed' by them the ' Band Box' Battalion. We arrived at Sedalia about 10 o'clock on the morning of the 9th. In reference to this ^ Band Box' and ' White Glove' Battalion, it is but just to say that when it left Benton Barracks it ^vas ^ regarded by competent judges as well drilled as any body of men in our l^ranch of the service, not excepting regulars. Colonel Warren now assumed command. March 14th head- ([uarters of the regiment was established at Clinton, Mo., at which place it remained until April 8th, when it was removed to Butler, Bates count3^ about thirty -five miles Avest of Clinton, and about twenty miles from the Missouri and Kansas State line. Posts were also esta1)lished at Clinton, Henry county, and Osceola, St. Clair county. The march from Sedalia to Clinton, a distance of forty -five miles, was through a country the people of which were, with scarcely an exception, hostile to the Government and holding intimate relations with the various bands of guerrillas and bush- whackers infesting that region of country. In fact the whole section of country in which these posts were located was a hotbed of guerrillas, bushwhackers and desperadoes, requiring active vigilance :md caution on the part of our troopers. On 62 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. arriving at Clinton, the town was found nearly deserted and houses tenantless. Colonel Warren was now in command at Butler; Lieutenant Colonel Moss, and afterward Captain W. E. Leffingwell, Com- pany B, at Osceola ; and Major James O. Gower at Clinton. Hospitals were established at Butler, Osceola and Clinton. Assistant Surgeon D. B. Allen in charge at Butler; Surgeon M. B. Cochran at Osceola ; and Dr. Thomas B. Drake, private of Company G, was detailed to take temporary charge at Clinton. Dr. Chas. H. Lothrop, having been appointed Additional As- sistant Surgeon of the regiment, on reporting for duty at Clin- ton May 26th, was ordered to take charge of that hospital. This movement of the United States forces was a slow but sure march to the southern part of the State, the loyal ele- ment of which was gaining the ascendancy. By proclamation Governor Gamble had ordered an enrollment of the mihtia. By this proclamation the disloyal men were compelled to enroll for the support of the Government or leave the State. This created intense excitement, and most bitter feelings were en- gendered. Many left, preferring to cast their lot with the Southern army. IVIurders, assassinations and other acts of out- lawry were committed. In this state of aflairs, as heretofore, the First Iowa Cavalr\' was equal to the emergency. Night and day they were in their saddles — in a certain locality at night, the next morning they would be found thirty and forty miles away, attacking and routing a rebel camp, oi' effectually brealdng up a band of l)ush- whackers and desperadoes. It would require pages to give the history of its engagements, skirmishes and marches, as they were of almost every day occurrence, with some portion of the regiment. Surrounded liy bands of unprincipled, stealthy foes, exposed to many and secret dangers, amid darkness and storm, sunshine and rain, they never swerved from the line of dutv', and rendered invalual)le service to the State in tliis pecidiarly trying period. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 63 To mention a few of the most prominent engagements must suffice. ENGAGEMENT OF MONTEVALLO, VERNON CO., MO. From the official report of Lieutenant Colonel Moss we learn that Companies D and K, one hundred strong, left the post at Osceola, April 13th, in command of the Lieutenant Colonel, for the purpose of breaking up a company of guerrillas at Montevallo, Vernon county. After crossing Sac river, the ad- vance guard had a skirmish with a squad of bushwhackers, killing one and wounding three or four others. John Bauder, Company K, was here Avounded in the leg. Companies D and K proceeded to Centerville, about five miles from Montevallo. capturing fourteen prisoners, and encamped for the night. Lieutenant Colonel Moss, ^vith an escort of twenty-five men, in charge of Lieutenant Barnes, Company K, proceeded to Monte- vallo, leaving Captain P. Gad Bryan, Company D, in command of the camp. Arriving at Montevallo the men were quartered in the hotel and adjoining yard. Al)out half-past four o'clock in the morning, (14th,) a troop of fifty men were discovered approaching the hotel, nearing which they demanded immediate surrender. This demand was at once replied to by a shot from one of our men. Sergeant J. A. Lyons, our present State Auditor. The fight continued until daylight, at which time the enemy retired. The precise loss of the enemy was not as- certained. Among the mortally wounded was Daniel Henly, known as the '"Wild Irishman,'" a leader of one of the most desperate gangs of desperadoes in Missouri. Our loss was two killed, Oscar Crumb and James Whitford, Company K, and six wounded. Sergeant J. A. Lyons, T. J. Tupper, Joseph Stone. Lieutenant Barnes, Company K, Samuel E. Shannon and Jacob Hursh, Company D. After firing a number of buildings in the town the command retui'ned to Osceola. On this raid several of the enemy were killed, twenty-two were \vei-e captured, besides a numl)er of horses and mules. 64 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Following is a copy of the official report of the engagenient. by Lieutenant Colonel Moss : REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. C. E. MOSS, FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Headquarters Post of Osceola, April 17, 1862. General : — On the morning of April ISth, 1862, I left this place in command of Companies D and K, First Iowa Cavalry, 100 strong, to proceed to Montevallo, Vernon county, for the purpose of breaking up a company of guerrillas, reported 300 strong, supposed to have col- lected at a point twelve miles distant from that place, on Cedar and Horse creeks. I was joined by a force of State militia, under Captain Gravely, from Humansville. 150 strong, making my whole force 250 men. After crossing Sac river, fifteen miles above its junction with the Osage, we came upon the open prairie, when the advance guard had a skirmish with a squad of jayhawkers, killing one and wounding thz-ee or four more. They fii'ed upon the advance guard from a house, wounding private John Bauder, of Company K, First Iowa Cavalry, in the leg. After scouring the woods and thickets for a distance of four miles the command advanced to Beckstown, captui'ing on the way some fourteen prisoners. The troops then moved on to Clintonville, ten miles from Montevallo. where the State militia encamped for the night. Companies D and K then proceeded to Centerville, five miles distant from Montevallo, and ezicamped for the night. Learning at this point that a company of Federal troops left Montevallo only two days pre- vious, and there was no organized force in twelve miles from that place. I detailed Lieutenant Barnes, from Company K. First Iowa Cavalry. 26 men, and the guide (Andrew J. Pugh) and my own servant, making the whole party 28 men, and proceeded to Montevallo, leaving Captain P. Gad Bryan in command of the camp, with orders to come up early in the morning. I arrived at Montevallo at seven o'clock in the evening, and quar- tered my men in and about the yard of the hotel, giving special oi-ders to all the men to sleep on their arms and remain close together, pre- pared for any attack that might be made. The men mostly slept in a room of a log house attached to the hotel, and in the loft over a stable in the yard, in which were picketed the horses. Four or five of the men slept in the front kitchen of the hotel. After the guards were set and the horses propei'ly cared for and fed, I retired, with Lieutenant Barnes, for the night. About half-past four o'clock in the morning we were alarmed by an approaching body of armed men. said to be 50 strong, demanding an immediate surrender, with a threat of fii-ing the Phil. H. Francis, Uo. B., Secretary of the Association. Adjutant David A. Kerr, First President of the Association. E. J. Baboock, Co. A. First Sec'y of the Association. Orbin B. Cbane, 1st Serg't Co. B. 1st Iowa Cavalry Vet. Vol. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 65 house over our heads and shooting each one of us unless we complied with the demand. The demand was answered by a shot from one of my men. The fight now commenced and waged fiercely until daylight, when the enemy retreated. The enemy would unquestionably have carried their threat of firing the house into execution were it not for the determined spirit of my command. After the fight had coinAnued a short time. I retired with Lieutenant Barnes and four or five other men from the lower to the upper story of the building, where deliberate aim could be taken from the windows, and the shots told with effect upon the foe. who retired some fifty yards distant and took shelter behind a neighboring store. The order was given to rush out, fall into line, and charge upon them. This being given in a tone sufficiexjtly loud to be heard by the enemy, caused them to disperse and cease ili'ing. The precise loss of the enemy cannot be ascertained ; sever'- • were thought to have been killed and seven wounded, three nortally. Among the mortally wounded was Daniel Henly, known in St. Clair. Cedar and Vernon as the ■■Wild Irishman." and leader of one of the most desperate gangs of desperadoes in Mis- souri. Our loss was two killed and six wounded, and two prisoners who afterward escaped. Never did men under similar circumstances display greater gallantry than those with me that night. Being exposed to a most murderous fire from double their number of men well armed, not a man flinched or showed any disposition to surrender or give up the contest. Lieuten- ant Barnes and Andrew J. Pugh (my guide) deserve my warmest thanks for their cool gallantry and determined courage. The band was found to be composed mostly of persons living or staying in the im- mediate vicinity of the place. The men met at another building, occupied as a tavern, and situated about three hundred yards fi'om where 1 stopped with my command. The ground between that hotel and the one we occupied was covered with vacant log huts and wooden buildings, with the exception of about seven rods, which was covered with a thick growth of brush. These buildings and the underbrush covered from view the advance of the foe until within thix-ty yards of the house. They were enabled by that means to approach much nearer before being discovered than they otherwise would have done. Two privates of Company K left against orders, and went to a house a quarter of a mile distant, occupied by a man belonging to the band, and were captured, with their horses and arms. Q6 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Soon after daylight Captain Bryan came up with the two companies of Iowa cavalry and State militia. I immediately sent out a scout, under Lieutenant Barnes, of Company K, in pursuit, directing him to scour the country as far as Nevada and return that evening, I also sent another, under command of Captain Bryan, with orders to scour the country in the opposite direction and return in the evening. The scout under Lieutenant Barnes soon came in sight of fifteen of the band and pursued them some fifteen miles without being able to capture them or recover the prisoners. He followed them to Nevada, in Vernon county, and returned in the evening. Captain Bryan was more success- ful. He soon ran upon another party of the band, killed two and wounded some two more, and captured one (George Gatewood), and re- covered the two men captured the night previous. The keeper of the hotel where the band met and organized that night was a leader in the business and killed by Captain Bryan's men. Having learned from scouts and other sources that a body of some sixty men, besides two companies from Cedar creek, were preparing to attack the command that evening in Montevallo, I ordered the hotel where the former attack was organized and the old buildings between that and the place I was occupying with my command to be bui'ned, which was promptly done. This measure became necessary as a pre- caution against attack, and as a measure of safety, as those buildings, of little or no value to any one. were being used as places of protection and resort by the guerillas. The command remained at Montevallo during the night of Monday and left about seven o'clock Tuesday morning, and encamped about nine miles from Stockton Tuesday evening near Cedar creek. During the whole day bands of armed men. numbering from fifteen to twenty, were seen moving in the direction of Stockton and White Hair in Cedar county. On Wednesday morning a heavy rain set in. which raised Cedar creek so as to render it impassable for the wagons containing the wounded men, and I set out for this Post, and arrived here with an es- cort about ten o'clock in the evening. The command camped sixteen miles from this place, near Cole's store, and came in under Captain Bryan this (Thursday) afternoon in a terrible rain storm, accompanied by thunder and lightning, tearing up trees and rocks, and filling up the creeks, so as to render them impassable two hours after our wagons had passed over. Captain Bryan and Gravely, Lieutenant Shriver, and all the officers , rendered every assistance in their power, and deserve the confidence of HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 67 their commander. We captured twenty-two men, mostly with arms in their hands, besides several horses and mules. Most of the arms were worthless and were destroyed. I have the honor to be your obedient servant, C. E. MOSS. Lieut. Col. 1st Iowa Cav.. Com'd'g Post. To Brig. Gen. James Totten, Jefferson City. Hon. William M. Wilson, now residing at Osceola, Iowa, a1 that time a corporal of Company D, thus describes the light : ' ' Some of the men went to the barn to sleep, and some were in the parlor of the hotel, and others on the kitchen floor. Colonel Moss, Lieutenant Barnes, Corporal Shannon and my- self were upstairs. Moss and Barnes in a bed, Shannon and 1 on the floor. We knew nothing of the approach of the rebels until they opened fire on our stable guard. We had no pickets out ; the people assured Colonel Moss that there were no rebels or bushwhackers in the country, and he believed them. ' ' Soon after the firing began the house was surrounded, and we supposed there were at least seventy-five rebels, from th« noise they made in firing into the windows and calling out, " Surrender I Surrender!"" As soon as we could get read^. Lieutenant Barnes, Shannon and I opened tire on the crowd with our revolvers from the windows in the upper story. This fire was quickly returned and Barnes and Shannon were wounded. We emptied our revolvers and by that time the rebels retreated. We then went down stairs to look after our wounded men. ' ' Badly wounded as he was. Lieutenant Barnes was in the saddle all that day, engaged in scouring the country. ' ' The following account of the expedition and engagement is furnished by the late Captain Thomas H. Barnes, Company K : ''In April, 1862, Lieutenant Colonel Moss, of the First Iowa Cavalry, with a part of Companies D and K of his regiment, Cominmy I) of the Twenty-Sixth Indiana Infantry, and a sec- tion of a l)attery, were stationed at Osceola, Missouri. Keports coming to him from General Totten, commanding the district, 68 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. that a rebel force of al)oiit 550 men were in camp at Monte- vallo, he determined to rout them, and on the 13th started to do so. The writer was in command of the advance sruard of 25 men, made up from the two cavalry companies. We broke camp at daylight and marched the entire day, and at night^ — having missed our way — we found ourselves on the Montevallo and Fort Scott road, about four miles from Montevallo and in its rear. We reached the town about nine p. m., from a direc- tion we were not expected. The advance charged the town at once, causing a general stampede and a lively getting out of there by the Johnnies, when we went into camp for the night in a hotel, corralling our horses in the yard that surrounded the barn and house. Before daylight the Johnnies returned and renewed the scrimmage, keeping it up until daylight, when they retreated, after killing James H. Whitford and Oscar Crumb, of Company K, and severely wounding the writer in the hips and tilling his eyes with fine broken glass by shooting buckshot through a window, the effect of which is to destroy his sight. [This narrative is written at his dictation.] Also wounding Sergeant J. A. Lyon, now Auditor of Iowa, in the arm and shoulder ; private Tupper in the arm ; private Stone in the leg, from which he died ; E. Shannon in leg and finger ; and Jacob Hursh in the face. Sergeant J. A. Lyon and the other men were wounded while fighting in the yard. ' ' During the engagement two of our men were taken pris- oners and carried off'. My command being reinforced to 60 men, we gave chase in order to recapture these two men before the rel)s had time to hang them to a jack oak, and pursued to Nevada, where we learned they had separated and a portion of them were in our rear. We took the back track to Montevallo, and all along the way could be seen, occasionally, a single horseman on some eminence as a look-out, who would disappear l^efore we could reach him. We managed to - take in' one of them, who claimed to be a physician, and therefore a non-com- ))atant. He was very indignant, saying we did not treat his HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 69 profession with due courtesy. The writer informed him that he also was a physician and desired his company, then disarmed him, tied his legs together under his horse, and taking his Ijridle rein to prevent his horse running away, resumed the march. ' ' The Captain was very reticent until we reached Clear creek, when he showed agitation and evident signs of fear. He asked, Where are you going i To which I answered, Montevallo ; when he informed me we could never get there over that road, as an amljush had been prepared for us, and the road barri- caded at a spot where they could have a raking fire at us for half a mile or more, designed to kill every mother's son of us. I drew from him the fact that this creek could be crossed about two miles below, where there was a private ford, and turned the head of the column to the right in the direction of this ford, leaving a detail to make a feint on the ambuscaded road, which enabled us over the new route to make Montevallo, reaching there in the night, finding it in flames. Colonel Moss informing me he had fired the town to light us on our way in. We here found also the two men that were captured and run off, they having made their escape. " May 2d, Colonel Warren, with a detachment of tw^o hundred men and a section of Battery F, Second Missouri Light Ar- tillery, left camp on a scout to Marais des Cygnes river ; re- turned on the 11th with thirty prisoners and a quantity of pow- der and lead found buried in the vicinity. On May 15th a forage train, about four miles from Butler, was fired upon by a band of bushwhackers, and three men killed and one wounded. The names of those killed were J. H. Bird and Andrew Foust, Company D, and Martin Meredith, Company E. On the 16th, Dexter Stephens, Company I, was killed by guerillas. On the 27th, a forage train from Osceola was attacked and W. G. Harback killed, and Josiah Cameron and Michael Higgins mortally wounded — all of Company C. 70 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, SKIRMISH AT LOTSPEACH FARM, Near Wadesburgh, Cass Co., Mo. In June and July, thejnotorious W. C. Quantrel, with his band of outlaws, put in an appearance to take part in the mur- ders and pillage of this section. July 8th, a detachment con- sisting of details from Companies A, G and H, of one hundred men, under Lieutenant Reynolds, Company A, left Clinton for a scout into Cass county. On the morning of the 9th they en- countered Quantrel and his l^and of about two hundred on the Lotspeach farm in Cass county, strongly posted in timber. After two ineffectual attempts to dislodge them. Lieutenant Reynolds with his command returned to Clinton with a loss of three wounded, D. W. Scott and A. Rudolph, Company G, and George Warson, Company A. Warson was mortally wounded, and died the next day at the Gates farm near the ])attlefield. The detachment arrived at Clinton on the 9th at f. m. ENGAGEMENT AT BIG CREEK CLIFFS, Near Pleasant Hill, Cass Co., Mo. On the morning of the 10th, at live o'clock. Major Gower, with detachments from Companies A and G, five commissioned officers and 75 men, left Clinton and arrived at the Lotspeach farm, (in the vicinity of the skirmish of the day before,) at eleven a. m. At this place they were joined by a detachment of 65 men of the First Iowa Cavalry from Butler, under the command of Captain W. H. Ankeny, Company M, Lieuten- ants D, C. Dinsmore, Company I, and D. C. Mclntyre, Com- pany L; a detachment of 65 men, from Harrisonville, of the Seventh Missouri Cavalr}% in command of Captain Martin ; and afterward by a detachment of 60 men of the First Missouri Cavalry, from Warrensburg, in command of Captain Miles Ke- hoe and Lieutenant White. It was ascertained that Quantrel and his ])and, (estimated at 250 men,) had left their camp on Sugar creek, about four p. m. on the 9th. At two p. m. their trail was discovered, and active pursuit commenced l)y our HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 71 force. Leavincr Rose Hill on the west, it took a northwesterly route up the bottom land of Big creek, a branch of Grand river. At seven p. m. it camped on the farm of a Mr. Horns- by, having marched a distance of fifty miles. Quantrel and his men had taken dinner at this place. Captain Kehoe, in disre- gard of positive orders, left camp the next morning with his command, for the purpose of ' ' cleaning Quantrel out' ' before the balance of the command should engage him. As usual in such cases, the *' other man " was the one who was "cleaned out." Coming upon Quantrel about three miles west of the town of Pleasant Hill, Captain Kehoe was ambushed, and his advance guard killed, with the exception of Lieutenant White. Captain Kehoe made an inglorious retreat, leaving his dead upon the field. It is believed that this premature engagement prevented the capture of Quantrel and his entire band. On crossing the road leading from Pleasant Hill to Independence, Lieutenant Mcln- tyre, Company L, with 50 men, was sent with an ambulance containing fifty Philadelphia rifles with ammunition through the timlier. on the road leading to Independence, with instruc- tions to march into the field upon the west side of the timber, to l)e within supporting distance, and to cut off' any retreat which the band might make. The command then proceeded to Sears' farm, where Captain Kehoe had been repulsed. This farm is situated on the western borders of Big creek. The land in the vicinity is exceedingly rough and rocky, and large masses of rock project from the high, rough banks of the creek. From this fact the name of Big Creek Cliffs is given this locality. It was a most admirable position for defense. At this farm our force came upon the guerillas, who at once retreated down a • ' wood road '' leading to the creek. Quantrel had chosen this place for battle and prepared his ambush, l)ut the First Iowa Cavalry, led by Lieutenant John McDermott, Company G, swept down on him like a whirlwind, and in less than thirty minutes his band was scattered in all directions. 72 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Some were seen mounted two on a horse in their anxiety to escape from the "boys,'" who had followed them like sleuth hounds. The loss of the First Iowa Cavalry was two killed, James Beecroft and Suel Dodge, Company G, and ten wound- ed— D. A. Kerr, Adjutant First Battalion; J, T. Foster, Ser- geant Major First Battalion ; Henry L. Dashiel, Quartermaster Sergeant First Battalion ; Lieutenant R. M. Reynolds and Geo. W. Collins, Company A — Collins was mortally wounded and died soon afterward ; Lieutenant E, S. Foster, Jeremiah Bivins, Louis Scherrer, James H. Stewart, Company G ; and Erdix C. Eastman, Company K. Total number of the command killed, 9 ; total number wounded, 20. The loss of the guerillas was 18 killed and 25 wounded. Everything was abandoned in their haste to get away, Quantrel's saddle-bags, containing among other things the muster roll of his band, was captured. Being present on the field, the writer speaks from personal knowledge in reference to the afi'air. The greatest bravery was exhibited by the troops engaged, and they appeared to be as well versed in bushwhacking tactics as did the bushwhackers themselves. Following is the report of Additional Assistant Surgeon Lothrop, who was present during the engagement : I have the honor to report the following list of the killed and wounded in the engagement at Big Creek Clitfs. Cass county, Missouri. July 11th. 1862. commencing abovit eleven o'clock a. m. and continuing- about thirty minutes. First Iowa Cavalry. David A. Kerr. Adjutant Second Battalion, right arm near shoulder, severely. Joseph T. Foster. Sergeant Major Second Battalion, right forearm, not severely. Henry L. Dashiel. Quartermaster Sergeant Second Battalion, right chest, upper lobe of right lung, dangerously. Company A. Robert M. Reynolds, First Lieutenant, scalp wound above forehead, slight. George W. Collins, chest, both lungs, fatally — has since died. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 73 Company G. E. S. Foster, Second Lieutenant, left wrist and arm, not severely. Jeremiah Bivins, private, right thigh, near the groin, severely. Louis Seherrer, private, right hand, slightly. James H. Stewart, private, right hand, slightly. James W. Beecroft, private, killed. Suel Dodge, private, killed- Company K. Erdix C. Eastman, private, left thigh. First Missouri Cavalry. Company A. Henry Robins, private, right shoulder, severely. Herman Fribsha, private, left thigh, not severely. Frederic Zanzel. private, left hand, by the bursting of a Colt's car- bine. William Schenelzer, private, left thigh, slightly. Jacob Schuldt, private, right shoulder, severely. John Schuldt, private, left thigh, slightly. Company C. Miles Kehoe, Captain, right shoulder, not severely. William L. Bell, private, left elbow, not severely. Abram Brokow, private, neck and face, not severely. Elijah White, Corporal, George Darkin, Corporal, Richard Masters, private. William Trumpee, private, and G. H. Walker, private, killed. Company D. Antoine Hannonzine, private, left cheek and tongue, severely. William Ritcher, private, killed. Seventh Missouri Cavalry. Company — . Samuel Nicholas, killed. Respectfully. CHAS. H. LOTHROP. AdcVl AssH Surgeon 1st Iowa Cavalry. SKIRMISH ON CLEAR CREEK. ST. CLAIR CO., MO. August 2d. detachments from Companies B, E, L and M, under the command of Captain J. M. Caldwell, Company I. sent out from Butler to capture some cattle belonging to rel)- els. encountered on the wooded border of Clear creek, a l)ranch 10 74 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. of the Osage river, about two miles distant from the little town of Taborville, St. Clair county, a band of guerillas said to num- ber three or four hundred men, well mounted and armed, under the notorious outlaw Glowers. A short and spirited engage- ment ensued. The enemy had chosen a seemingly secure posi- tion, and after an ineffectual attempt to dislodge him, (being greatly outnumliered, ) Captain Caldwell withdrew his force to the prairie ; having in the meantime sent to Butler for rein- forcements. A detachment under Captain H. H. Heath, Com- })any L, was at once sent out to reinforce Captain Caldwell. The following is Captain Heath's report of the engagement which ensued : • • I discovered a Ijody of several hundred reb- els in ambush on the heights of Clear creek, about two miles froni Taborville, in St. Clair county, supposed to be under command of the celebrated Colonel Coffee. (?) They had cho- sen an apparently secure position, one which to attack success- fully required the utmost confidence of a leader in his men. We were but 75 strong, one-half the joint command being with Captain Caldwell nearly a mile distant. The pickets of the enemy were first driven in, they firing upon us as we advanced. A charge upon their am])ush was inmiediately ordered, the ene- my driven from his cover and forced to a speedy retreat, after considerable loss in killed and wounded. Captain Caldwell subsequently came up in time to fire a few parting shots as the i'el)els fled from the heights to the creek and to their horses be- yond. '"' '" '■■' We lost several horses killed, among which was my own. In this engagement were many who had never been under fire before, but their courage was manifested under a most terrific fire of musketry within a few paces of them, and from an enemy for the most part concealed within a thickly studded ambush of undergrowth, and who could only be discovered as they rose and poured forth their murdei'ous fire upon us. Lieutenants Bereman, Company E, Battalion Ad- jutant, Joseph L. P^dsall. and Sergeant Dunham, Company M, particulai'ly distinguished themselves as brave and worthy offi- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 75 cers. ' ' Our loss in this engagement was four killed and twelve wounded, as follows : Albert C. Alford, Caleb C. Botsford, Michael J. Driscol, Company L, and Elisha C. Roland, Com- pany M, killed ; Captain H. H. Heath, George Jewett, Samuel Tate, William E. Utterburg and Andrew Miller, Com- pany L, Thomas E. Francis, Charles Hil)ber, William H. Todd, George T. Nettle, Washington H. Rigby, Martin Jourdan and Edward Ware, Company M, wounded. The loss of the enemy was eleven killed ; number of wounded not known. Colonel Warren with a considerable force arrived the next day, but finding the eneni}* had lied and were beyond his reach, the command returned to camp. About this time there was a determined effort on the part of the rebels to concentrate their forces and '•'take in'- the First Iowa Cavalry located at these posts. In anticipation of this movement. Colonel Warren ordered all the prisoners heretofore confined at Butlei" sent to Jefferson City. August 6th the pris- oners, under the escort of Company D, arrived at Clinton. Here all the available men of Companies A and D, under the command of Captain McQueen, were ordered to escort the pris- onei's to Sedalia. From thence they (the prisoners) were to be transported by railroad to Jefferson Cit}. Company B had been previously ordered from Osceola to Butler. Now the post at Osceola was ordered evacuated, and on the 6th Compa- nies C and H, with two companies of the Missouri State militia, arrived at Clinton from that post. In obedience to orders. Colonel Warren evacuated the post at Butler on Thursday night, August Tth, and retreated to Clinton. His train, while cross- ing Deep Water creek, was tired upon and one horse killed. Soon after the arrival of the different companies at Clinton, Colonel Warren, with a large portion of the regiment, marched northwesterly from Clinton to reinforce Brigadier General Blunt, who was threatened by a large force of the enemy under Colonel Coffee. On the 16th the l)attle of Lone Jack, a small 76 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. village in the southeastern part of Jackson covinty, about sixty ifiiles from Clinton, was fought, at which place the Missouri State militia, under Major Foster, were defeated. General Blunt and Colonel Warren coming up soon after, the rebels re- treated and a brisk pursuit followed, but without result. In this pursuit after Coffee Colonel Warren and his command marched about three hundred miles. On the night of the 16th, liy order of Brigadier General Totten, that portion of the regiment remaining at Clinton, un- der Captain William Thompson, Company E, marched to Se- dalia. There was much excitement and confusion attendant upon the breaking up of the camp, and the mareh was a forced and confused one ; it being made, with but a single short halt, between seven o'clock in the evening and nine the following morning — a distance of forty-five miles. At this time Lexington was also threatened, and the regiment was ordered to reinforce the troops at that place. No attack was made upon the town, and in a few days the regiment re- turned to Sedalia, at which place it remained until the 25th, when it was ordered to reoccupy the post at Clinton. It arrived at Clinton on the 26th, and went into camp at "Camp Warren,'"' about three miles north of the town, where it remained until September 20th, scouting in Henry and the adjoining counties. Here the regiment received orders from department headquar- ters to report to Brigadier General James G. Totten, at Spring- field. General Totten was at that time in command of the First Division of the Army of Southwest Missouri. All members of the l)attalion organization and of the regi- mental band were ordered mustered out of the service. As the I'egiment at this time was about to enter upon a differ- ent and more extended field of duty, it will be proper here to note the changes and additions among the officers up to this time. Colonel Fitz Henry Warren had been promoted to Brigadier HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 77 General, United States Volunteers ; Lieutenant Colonel Moss had resigned ; Captain James O. Gower, Company F, promoted to Major and Colonel ; Ca})tain William M. G. Torrence, Com- pany A, promoted to Major, and resigned in May, 1862 ; Cap- tain P. Gad Bryan, Captain Company D, promoted to Major and Lieutenant Colonel ; Captain Daniel H. Anderson, Com- pany H, and Captain J. W. Caldwell, Company I, promoted to Majors. Doctor Charles H. Lothrop had been commissioned Additional Assistant Surgeon, May 14th, 1862, and reported for duty. Adjutant J. C. Stone, Quartermaster Martin L. Morris. Battalion Adjutants D. A. Kerr, James M. Bryan, Henry R. Roljinson, and Battalion Quartermasters John A. Landis, Charles A. Case and William H. Muzzy, had been mustered out as extra Lieutenants. Henry L. Dashiel, private Company H, was promoted to Regimental Commissary. Among the line officers were the following : Company A — First Lieutenant A. G. McQueen promoted to Captain ; Second Lieutenant R. M. Reynolds and Sergeant John A. Bishop to First and Second Lieutenants. Company C — Second Lieutenant Albert F. Dean had re- signed, and Sergeant Thomas Jones had l)een promoted to the vacancy. Company D — First Lieutenant J. D. Jenks promoteout four miles from that place, at Valley Springs, on Spring creek, in Benton county. This place was the camp and rendezvous of Generals Price's, Van Dorn's and McCul- lough's armies during the previous winter. The distance trav- eled during this fatiguing march of three days and nights, over a mountainous region of country, was one hundred miles. The name '• Cross Hollows " is given to a place on the old Santa Fe HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 85 stage route, where two deep rocky ravines cross each other. It is a natural fortification and well nigh impregnable. The enemy finally '• ' stopped running, ' ' about six miles south of Fayetteville, and about thirty miles distant from our camp at Valley Springs. At nine o'clock on the evening of the 27th. eight companies of the regiment, with the Seventh Missoui'i Mounted Infantry (militia), and a detachment of the First Mis- souri Cavalry, under command of General Herron, marched to attack a rebel force under General Magruder, on White river, about six miles southeast of Fayetteville. On the morning of the 28th the command crossed White river at McGuire's Ford, and engaged the enemy. After a sharp engagement, lasting more than an hour, the enemy were routed, their breakfast cap- tured, and a speedy retreat was made toward the Boston moun- tains. Companies B, C, G and H of the regiment were ordered to pursue. A sharp skirmish ensued, with the loss of one man wounded from Company G, name not known. The enemy's loss was not known ; two, however, were killed and left on the field. The force of the enemy engaged numbered about 3,000. Our force numbered 1,000. Soon afterward the command re- turned by way of Fayetteville to camp at Valley Springs, arriving there on the 29th, having in the meantime marched a distance of fifty miles and fought a battle. On the 28tli our Quartermaster, Samuel Dickinson, was killed by guerillas, while in charge of a detail of ten men, assisting a Union man and his family to remove within our lines. On the next day Dickinson was l)uried with military honors. At this camp As- sistant Surgeon Allen, an accomplished gentleman and genial companion, was taken seriously ill and left for his northern home, having been granted leave of absence. November 2d, the First Battalion of the regiment, under Ma- jor J. W. Caldwell, made a retrograde march to Elk Horn tav- ern, and camped near the tavern on Pea Ridge battlefield about four p. M. It was here the battle raged the fiercest. Thirty- nine graves mark the place where the Iowa Ninth made a des- S6 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. perate charge upon a rebel battery, and everywhere the relies of that terrible conflict were present. On the 4th the Second and Third Battalions, with the Sec- ond and Third Divisions of the army, came up on a retrograde movement into Missouri, by order of Major General Curtis, commanding the department. The following were the positions of the divisions of the army previous to this time. The First Division, Brigadier General James G. Blunt com- manding, was in camp at Prairie Creek, six or seven miles from Bentonville, on the road leading from Bentonville to Huntsville. The Second Division, Brigadier General James G. Totten commanding, was in camp at Osage Springs, about live miles south of Bentonville, on the same road. The Third Division, Brigadier General F. J. Herron com- manding, was in camp at Valley Springs, near Cross Hollows. The First Division remained on Prairie creek, while the Second and Third Divisions, as Ijefore stated, were on a retro- grade march into Missouri. The cause of this movement was the attack made upon our posts at Clarke's Mills, on the road from Springfield to Forsyth, Taney county, and a repent that the enemy were marching in force' upon Springfield, and that a similar movement was being made upon Hartville, the county seat of ^V right county. On the 5th the regiment, with the division, passing through Keitsville, camped at Cassville. about four o'clock p. M. Here Sergeant Harris, Company H, was l)uried with military honors, he having died in an ambulance during the march. From Cassville the line of march was to- ward Springfield. On the 6th the command marched twenty- eight miles and camped on Crane creek, about thirty miles distant from Springfield, and remained there until the lOtii. when the march toward S]iringfield was continued for about ' fifteen miles, to a point about four miles north of Dug Springs, from which place the command marched in an easterly direc- tion, and camped on James river, a branch of White river. At this camp private Martin, Company L, died, and was buried HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 87 with military honors. On the 11th it camped at Ozark in a cold rain storm. Ozark is a Httle town of some twenty families, pleasantly situated upon a high liluff on Finley creek, a branch of the James river. Here an order was promulgated making our al)le and worthy Surgeon, M. B. Cochran, Medical Director of the Third Division, Army of the Frontier — a most excellent promotion. On the 14th the command marched in a northerly direction about fourteen miles to White Oak Springs, the foun- t:iin head of Sawyer's creek, in Webster county. On the 17th it made a retrograde march, amid mud and a cold, drizzling rain, through Ozark, and bivouacked for the night in mud and sleet. The transportation could scarcely l)e moved on account of the almost impassable condition of the roads. A portion of the sick were sent to general hospital at Spring- held, while the remainder were left at a Mr. Ayer's house in Ozark, a most comfortable and hospitable place, in charge of Hospital Steward Edwin M. Winters, with two nurses and one cook detailed as assistants. On the 2 2d, after marching continuously through nuid and min, the command camped on the Wilson Creek battle field, at Twin Springs, called ^' Camp Curtis." Here the regiment was transferred from the Second to the First Brigade. The Second Division of the army, under the connnand of Colonel Daniel Huston, Seventh Missouri Cavalry, (General Totten havino; 1)een ordered to St. Louis as a Avitness before a court" martial,) was in camp at ''Camp Lyon," about twelve miles distant, near McCullough's store, on the Springtield and Cassville road. Al)out this time, General Schofield ])eing ab- sent. General Herron assumed connnand of the Second and Third Divisions of the army. On the 25th all the available men of the regiment were ordered out on an expedition to Ycll- ville, Marion county, Arkansas. They returned on the 29th, 88 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. having burned a portion of the town, paroled 150 prisoners, and marched 250 miles. During the time the Second and Third Divisions were march- ing and countermarching in the rain, sleet and mud in Missouri, the First Division, under General Blunt, had left its camp near Bentonville, and forced the enemy, at Fayetteville and Cane Hill, in Washington county, to vacate its position and retire to Van Buren. on the Arkansas river, beyond the Boston moun- tains, while General Blunt with his division was occupying the vacated position at Cane Hill, a small town situated in the Bos- ton mountain range, a hundred and twenty miles distant from the Second and Third Divisions, in camp on Wilson's creek, in Missouri. The enemy, under Generals Thomas, Hindman, Marmaduke, Rains and Frost, numbering more than 25,000 men, were concentrated at Van Buren ; while General Blunt, with his small division of between four and five thousand men, was less than twenty-five miles distant. It was seemingly an easy task for General Hindman to fall upon General Blunt and crush him before any reinforcements could possibly reach that little army at Cane Hill. But General Hindman was '■'reckon- ing without his host." He. however, set his army in motion, and on Decem))er 5th and 6th it was skirmishing with General Blunt's outposts. General Blunt had in the meantime received information of the intended attack, and at once ordered General Herron to advance with the Second and Third Divisions to his support. The order was received at the camp on Wilson's creek at nine o'clock on the morning of the 3d, and at twelve o'clock the Third Division was in motion, with the Second Division following, in a most rapid and unparalleled march to reinforce General Blunt in his perilous situation. At three o'clock on the afternoon of the 5th, the ami}' was in camp about four miles south from Elk Horn tavern, a distance of fifty-six miles from ' ' Camp Curtis. ' ' On the Oth the command marched at daylight. The First and Third Battalions First Iowa Cavalry, under Colonel Gower, Capt, RDHERT L, FREEMAN COMPANY K. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. S9 (the Second having l)een detailed as rear guard for division train,) with the Tenth Illinois, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Mis- souri, First Battalion Second Wisconsin, and First Arkansas Cavalry, all under command of Colonel Wickersham, Tenth Illinois Cavalry, were ordered to reach General Blunt without delay. At twelve o'clock midnight this cavalr^^ force, with the exception of the First Arkansas Cavalry, which for some reason never explained left the command when near Fayetteville, re- ported at General Blunt's headquarters, at Cane Hill, near Boonsboro. Washington county, Arkansas, having marched forty-seven miles, been in the saddle for eighteen consecutive hours, and marched a distance of about one hundred and twenty miles in three days. Ample provision had l)een made for the force — fence rails for our fires, forage for our horses, and coffee, hard-tack and — side meat for the inner man. In a short time the tired cavalrymen, wrapped in their blankets, were in a sound, refreshins; slumber, to be in their saddles and in line of l)attle at daylight the next morning. It was soon discovered that General Hindman had '• stolen a march ■" on (xeneral Blunt, and was endeavoring to crush General Herron in his endeavors to reinforce General Blunt. General Blunt at once put his arm>' in motion to now reinforce General Herron. Marching by the " valley road' ' to Rhea's Mill, at which place he had previously parked his large supply train, guarded by a single l)rio;ade, he heard the booming of cannon in the direction of Fayetteville. In flanking General Blunt, General Hindman had unexpectedly fallen upon the army of General Herron, who at once gave battle. General Blunt, taking in the situation, ordered the cavalry forward and followed with his infantry and artillery at a quick pace ; so rapid was his marcli that the last live miles were made in one hour. About two o'clock p. m. the cavalry struck the left rear of the rebel army in a growth of oak timber, upon a ridge on the southern si(k^ of a prairi(^ Here the plucky Tenth Illinois Cavalry run their little mountain howitzers under the very noses of the rel)el lino of infantry and 12 90 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. presented their compliments in a storm of grape and canister. The rebel line recoiled, but soon rallied and captured one of the howitzers. Lieutenant James M. Simeral, Company L, with twenty dismounted men of Companies L and M. recaptured the howitzer and brought it off the field. It was a most daring act of bravery, ' ' pluck ' ' and ' ' nerve, ' ' for twenty men in the very face of an overwhelming force of the enem}^ to recapture the gun. Perhaps none except Lieutenant Simeral and a few "dare devils" of these companies would have entertained the thought of such an exploit for a moment. The location being most unfavorable for a cavalry engagement, all the cavalry were ordered to take position upon the prairie, and the First Iowa Cavalry ordered to support Allen's Battery. That battery l)roved to be well able to take care of itself, for guns were never worked liettei'. The battery appeared to be in one constant sheet of flame, so rapid were the discharges. Three different times the rel)els charged it in immense numl)ers from theii' cover upon the wooded hillside, and as many times they would waver, halt and retreat in the utmost disorder, leaving the field strewed with dead and wounded. In this Inittle the regiment lost one man. W. H. Fortune, Company A, wounded ; and three men. Loyal E. Ballou and James C'hambers, Company K, and , captured. Diu'ing the night General Hindman mutfled the wheels of his artillery and made a most inglorious retreat over the Boston mountains, leaving his dead unburied and his wounded to be oared for by the Union forces. Our entire force engaged in this memoral)le l)attle did not exceed 8,000 men. while that of the rebel force exceeded 25,000 men. (leneral Herron gave battle to this overwhelming force with 8,300 men, l)ut was afterward reinforced by General Blunt with 5.000 men. resulting in a Waterloo defeat for the rebels. Oiu- entire loss in killed, wounded and missing, Avasl,l-i8 — l«i7 killed. 798 wounded, and 133 missing. Many of the miss- ina' were .-iftei'ward accounted to be amons: the wound(>(l. The HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 91 loss of the enemy has never been ascertained, but from reliable estimates made at the time it was at least 3,000. More than 1,000 men were killed and Imried on the tield. All of our wounded were removed to general field hospitals which had been established at Fayetteville. Additional Assist- ant Surgeon Lothrop, of the regiment, Avas ordered to take charge of one of them, containing eighty-four patients, located in a brick church. Fayetteville, the county seat of Washington county, was quite a large, well l)uilt town, j)leasantly situated among the Boston mountains. Two or three excellent institu- tions of learning were located there. The l)attle field is called Prairie Grove ;, also (improperly) Fayetteville and Illinois creek. It is situated some ten miles southwest from Fayetteville, on the road leading from Fayetteville to Cane Hill. The Illinois creek, (jr river, a tributary of the Arkansas river, is its north- ern boundary line, while a high ridofe cov#ed with timber and dense undergroAvth forms the southern boundary. This prairie is about one mile wide, and extends in a westerly direction for several miles. Portions of it were under cultivation. Allen's Battery (one of General Blunt's batteries), with the regiment (First Iowa Cavalry) supporting it, were located in one of the large fields of corn. A church and a number of farm houses were situated in the groves upon the ridge. The chuich used as a rebel hospital was called ' ' Prairie Grove Church, ' ' from which came the name of the battle field. In order that there l)e no more mistakes made as to the time, place and results of the battle of Prairie Grove, it is proper to state here that the battle of Prairie Grove occurred on Sunday. December 7th,' 1862, at a place called Prairie Grove, situated on Illinois creek, or river, about ten miles distant to the south- west from Fayetteville, Arkansas. General Herron, with his little army of 3,300 men, while on the march to reinforce General Blunt at Cane Hill, encountered on that da}' a rebel force of not less than 25,000 men, under Generals Hindman, Marmaduke and others, near thai jjiace. 92 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 'I'he battle field was selected by General Hindman. General HeiTon's army fought this rebel force from about nine o'clock in the morning until two o'clock in the afternoon without assist- ance. At that time General Blunt- came up with his force of 5, 000 and then Blunt and Herron jointly continued the tight until dark, resulting in a most disastrous defeat, and a rapid retreat during the night of what remained of this immense rebel force. The following is one of General Hindman's orders, issued upon that occasion : Headquarters First Corps Trans-Mississippi Army. In the Field, Decemb.er 4th. 1862. Soldiers : — From the commencement to the end of the battle bear in mind what I now urg"e upon you : First. Never fire because your comrades do. nor because the enemy does : nor because you see the enemy ; nor for the sake of firing rapid- ly. Always wait till they are certainly within the range of your gun. then single out your man. take deliberate aim. as low as the knee, and fire. Second. When occasion offers, be certain to pick off' the enemy's officers, especially the mounted ones, and to kill his artillery horses. Third. Do not shout except when you charge the enemy. As a general thing, keep silent, that orders may be heard. Obey the orders of your officers, but pay no attention to idle rumors, or the words of unauthorized persons. Fourth. Do not stop with your wounded comrades ; the surgeons and infirmai-y cor])s will take care of them ; do you forward and avenge them. Fifth.. Do not break ranks to plunder. If we whip the enemy, all he has will be ours ; if not. the spoil will be of no benefit to us. Plun- derers and stragglers will be put to death on the spot. File closers are especially charged with this duty. The cavalry in rear will likewise attend to it. Remember thnt the enemy you engage with has no feelings of mercy or kindness tow;ird you. His rankb are made up of Pin Indians, free negroes. Southern tories. Kansas jayhawkers and hired Dvitch cut- throats. These bloody ruffians have invaded your country ; stolen and destroyed your i)roperty ; murdered your neighbors ; outraged youi- women ; driven your children from their homes : and defiled the graves HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 93 of your kindred. If each man of you will do what I have here urged upon you. we will utterly destroy them. We can do this ; we must do it ; our country will be ruined if we fail. A just God will strengthen our arms, and give us a glorious victory. T. C. HINDMAN. Major General Commanding. Comment is minecessaiy, unless it is to state that soon after (leneral Hindman encountered these men he had so vilified, he must have had a most wholesome respect for them, as his supe- riors in every respect, except in the manner of conducting a cowardly retreat. A brief extract of a lengthy effusion called a report of this battle, by one Colonel Joseph Shelby, who claims to have been in command of a brigade of cavalry, at that time, is here in- serted, not for any historical merit, because it has none, but as a literary curiosity, illustrating the flights of imagination taken by some of the rebel officers in making reports of their paper battles during ''the late unpleasantness'": When the final struggle came, when General Parsons met the shock of Blunt's entire command, .this regiment formed with him and fought with great efTect and intrepidity, for the dead and wounded Federals lying stretched out in their gory beds! -'thick as autumnal leaves in Vallambrosa.'' can well attest the fury and courage with which the Mis- sourians fought, shoulder to shoulder and side by side. Colonel Thompson, Lieutenant Colonel (John C.) Hooper. Major Smith, the C'aptain Qf each respective company, were amid their men, and did great good by their true and heroic bearing. Now the combat thickens all along the lines, and death, with its black banner on the breeze, nerves each heart and cheers them on to the rough, red fray. Bledsoe was there amid his guns, all dirt-begrimed and powder-blackened, ply- ing his lurid torch where balls would send or powder search, and never once during that long, hot day were they silent except when go- ing neai'er and nearer to the foe. Colonel Jeans, Lieutenant Colonel (4ordon and Lieutenant (iregg were also on the left whei'e the fire was getting hotter and hotter, and with the pilot's wary eye steered their commands safely thi-ough the breakers, white with the fire of deadly cannon and painted with all the dreaded gloom of ghastly war. On the right that part of my command under Major Kirtley had returned 94 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. from a successful charge, under your immediate eye, and when the dark and weird shadows of night liad closed over earth and sky and the dead and wounded, reports of a well won and well fought battle came cheerily up from all parts of the field, and I drew my command together calmly and cautiously, knowing that the day in all its bear- ings was ours. Night had closed the march of death, and the idle breeze now gave no murmur back to tell of what had been passing but a few brief moments before. I dismounted my entire command, moving them as infantry to the road leading dii-ectly down to the house at the foot of the hill and be- hind the batteries there stationed, and ordered them to bivouac without fires, with guns in their hands and determination in their hearts. Down, down upon the cold, hard earth, without a murmur, without a word spoken above a whisper, they lay. with longing eyes stretched far away northward, thinking of home and the morrow and another glorious day. Those present during that engagement, knowing the facts, will wonder if this Colonel Shell)y was at that time within twenty miles of that battle field. Nothing in his ^'report," so far as examined, indicates his presence on that field. To illus- trate : At the time he represents that he dismounted his com- mand, and ordered them to bivouac without fire, with - ' guns ' " in their hands, and they went '^ Down, down upon the cold, hard earth, without a murmur, without a word spoken above a whisper, they lay with longing eyes stretched far away north- ward, thinking of home, and the morrow and another glorious day,"" those fellows Avere '-on the skedaddle'" across. the Bos- ton mountains as fast as their attenuated legs would carry their cowardly bodies. And they did not stop running until they reached the town of Van Buren some forty-five miles away. The regiment camped upon the battle field until the 2Tth, at which time it took an active part in the expedition to Van Bu- ren, a town situated upon the Arkansas river, al)out forty-five miles south from the camp at Prairie Grove. Van Buren was one of the most important towns in the State, pleasantly situ- ated upon the north bank of the ri^ er, and doing a large com- mercial business. The sale of soods before the war exceeded HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 95 one million dollars annually. It was a most important depot of supplies for the rebel army in that section of country. At Dripping Springs, a small town about ten miles from Van Buren, the First Iowa Cavalry, having the advance, encoun- tered a regiment of Texas rangers on outpost duty at that place. A charge was at once made, and a most confused retreat of the rangers followed. All the paraphernalia of camp life were scattered promiscuously along the road. The retreat and pur- suit were continued into Van Buren, and the victory was com- plete. One hundred of the enemy were taken prisoners, five Arkansas river steamboats l)urned, and an immense amount of property, commissary and quartermaster supplies, were cap- tured and destroyed. It was estimated that not less than $300,000 were lost to the rebellion. On the 31st it returned to camp at Prairie Grove, having taken a leading part in the most dashing and daring expedition which had yet taken place. It was essentially a cavalry fight, and won by them — the First Iowa Cavalry leading. On this expedition Captain A. G. Mc- Queen, Company A. with 75 selected men of the regiment, as an escort for General Schofield, who was endeavoring to over- take Generals Blunt and Herron. (but failed,) marched thirty- one miles across the mountains in three houi's and five minutes, and during that time charged through a squad of reliels. Lieu- tenant Colonel (then Captain) McQueen writes : ^ ^ I mention this fact as it surpasses the famous poetic ride of General Sheri- dan to "Winchester town.' General Schofield was greatly pleased and complimented us highly.'" General Curtis, in his report to General Halleck. said : "The Army of the Frontier, under Bhmt and Herron. moved over the Boston mountains Saturday, and withoul liahing. (h'iving tile enemy aci'oss the Arkansas river. '" " '•' The march of forty-five miles with arms and service, over the moun- tains and through the deep nmd of the valley, was a most haz- ardous and gallant affair.'" The battle of Pi-airie Grove a)i(l the snl)S(M|nent caijlui-c of 96 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Van Buren was of the utmost importance to the Union cause. It saved Missouri from further devastation. It gave the Union cause in western Arkansas great assistance. It ofiered an op- portunity for Union men who had been hiding in tlie caves and fastnesses of the Boston mountains, and hunted like wild beasts by ' ' Southern gentlemen, ' ' to rally for country and home. It broke up in rout and demoralization an army of 25,000 men, convincing many of them of the hopelessness of their cause. It was a powerfully stunning blow, from which the western portion of the so-called Southern Confederacy never recovei'ed. No victorious rebel army ever appeared north of the Arkansas river afterward. The close of the year found the regiment in camp again at Prairie Grove. During the year 1862 the casualties of the regiment had been so great that 275 recruits were sent from the State to fill its depleted ranks. 1863. At seven oVlock f)n the morning- of January 2d the regiment, with the Third Division of the Army of the' Frontier, left their camp at Prairie Grove and commenced a retrograde, meander- ing marcli to Missouri. Marching through Fayetteviile it camped about three miles east of the town, on the north branch of White river, on the road leading to Huntsville, a small town about thirt}" miles distant east from Fayetteviile. On the 5th the march was continued, arriving at Huntsville on the evening of the 6th. We were again among the rugged hills of the Boston mountains. The ol)ject of this march Avas to intercept the rel)el General Marmaduke in his retreat from an unsuccessful raid into Mis- souri through the })asses of these mountains. On the loth the army left Huntsville, and from this time imtil the li>th. when it arrived on the south bank of \^^hite river, opposite Forsyth, the county seat of Taney count} , Mis- souri, it was a slow, tedious and disagreeable march among the hills and valleys of the Ozark range. The line of march crossed Dry and Osage forks, branches of Kings river, Crooked creek, a branch of White river, through the town of Carrollton, the county seat of Carroll county, Arkansas, to White river. Dur- ing this march scouting parties were sent out at various times, and skirmishes with the enemy were of frequent occurrence. I (juote a few extracts from my notes made at that time in refer- ence to the march, etc. Januarj^ 2d. — Assistant Surgeon Allen reported from sick leave. 13 98 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. On the evening of the 6th arrived at Huntsville jind camped on a hill east of toAvn. Many fine boiling springs of pure, clear cold vi^ater were passed during the day. Plenty of forage in this vicinity. On the 10th marched and camped a few miles from Kings River Mills, about fifteen miles from Huntsville. January 11th. Remained in camp until one o'clock p. m., awaiting orders. At that time marched eight miles and camped at dai-k on Osage creek, about seven miles distant from Car- roUton. January 12th. Marched this morning at nine o'clock, and reached CVirrollton. the county seat of Carroll county, a small town situated on Crooked creek, now nearly deserted. Major Caldwell, with -100 men of the regiment, returned from an ex- pedition to Kingston. On that expedition the extensive salt- petre works located at Kingston, a small town in Mndison county, on Bufl'alo creek, a l)ranch of White river, and operated by the rebel government, were entirely destroyed, and several tons of saltpetre l)urned. The works were situated u})()n ;i mountain side, and guarded l)y a company of 75 men. The •'boys"" dismounted and made a rapid ascent of the moun- tain, while the "guards"" as rapidly disappeared over the op- })osite side, in full retreat. After the destruction of the works, Captiiin McQueen. Ccmipaiiy A. with 200 men, was ordered to destroy another saltpetre factory about ten miles distant, which was acconi[)lished. Extensive caves of nitre earth, yielding from three to six per cent, of saltpetre, are fomid in this vicinity. It being easily obtained and manufactured at little ex})ense, with the almost impossil)ility of replacing the machinery, steani engines, ket- tles, etc.. the destruction of the works was a severe l)low to the rchel government. While returning, and in camp near Kings- ton, a drove of horses and nniles destined foi" the rebel army was captured and 8l» men taken prisonei's. Our loss was one man wounded. ( ieorge W. Patterson, Company C. Patterson HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 99 was severely burned about the face and eyes while rescuing a silk and helpless rel)el soldier from a burning building. He lieai'd the soldier's cry for help, went to his assistance, and brought him safely out — a most heroic and humane act, but attended with a most sad result to Patterson, as the injury to his eyes resulted in total permanent l)lindness in both eyes. Lieutenant Dustin, Sergeant H. L. Morrill, Corporal Newell and H. E. Wisener were complimented for great gallantry dis- played upon the occasion. Captain Jenks, Company D, killed the leader of a band of citizens in ambush, in a hand-to-hand encounter. rbmuary 13th. All the availal)le cavalry forces of the divis- ion, under Colonel Gower, marched on an expedition to Yell- \ille. the county seat of Marion county, to again intercept Marniaduke in his so far unsuccessful retreat into Arkansas. Marching thirty miles in storm and mud, we camped at night without shelter. During the night the weather became cold. At daylight on the morning of the 14th wc [)assed through Yellville, and camped at Talbofs feny, on White river, ten miles distant east from Yellville. The weather is cold, and it has conunenced to snow. These notes are written in a deserted house by tirelight. Greene's (rebel) forces are reported to be in our rear. But Marniaduke has not yet \mt in an a})pear- ance. -lanuary 15th. The ground is covered with snow, and still siKtwino", freezinof and growino; colder. Countermarched in the direction of Yellville. Leaving that town on the left, we mai'ched on the road to our camp near Carrollton. It was ex- ceedingly cold all day, much like our northern winter days. At night we camped at a handet called Belfont. also called Logtown. twenty miles from our camp. On the Kith the weather had become colder. Many of the soldiers' eitrs and toes had become frost-bitten. Tlu' nuid and water in the road had frozen solid, ;ind horses. l)eing ••sniooth- shoirth(la\ . Tlic jx'ople lieic ai'c for the ••old Hair." riie Kiiilitli Reuinicnt Missoui'i ('avalr\ \\a-< 102 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. raised in this vicinity, and many of them are visiting tlieir homes. 23d. While privates Marchant. Company C, B. E. Lake, Company I, E, Groom. Jesse Slough. G. W. Shaver and M. R. Shaver, Company D. were on duty six miles from cami), they were surprised and captured, with their horses, equipments and arms. l>y a squad of the enemy dressed in our uniform. 24th. Scouting party, under command of Cliaptain Cha.se. Company C, was sent out this morning in the direction of For- syth. A stormy evening. 25th. The weather continues stormy and a high wind pre- vails. This evening our bugler and Charlie Barlow, Company F, called at the hospital and most agreeably entertained us in the way of music. 26th. This morning the sun is shining, and the Aveathei- pleasant — springlike. 27th. Cloudy this e^'ening. with indications of another storm. Scouting party which had l)een sent out in the direc- tion of Forsyth returned to-day. and a detail from the regiment sent to Springfield. 28th. It rained hard all night, and continued at intervals to-day. A scouting party of 50 men ordered out. The five men who w^ere captured on the 25th returned to camp on foot, having l)een paroled. March 1st. Weather variable, with high winds. A large scouting party has been ordered out. to report to-morrow morning at eight o'clock. March 2d. Tlie command marched this morning at eight o'clock in an easterly direction. The scouting party ordered to repoi't this morning will act as \'anguard to the army. Camped at three o'clock p. m. on Baker's creek, the ^^head waters" of the Gasconade river. It has been a cold, blustering day. A part of the transportation did not come u}). Compan}' E, the rear guard, is \vith it. Distance marched, twelve miles. Lo- cated hospital at Joseph Spencer's house — a rebel. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 103 Mnrch 3d. Marched this morning at seven o'clock, and camped on Wolf creek, a branch of the Gasconade river, eight miles southwest from Hartville, the county seat of Wright county, and fifteen miles southeast from Hazelwood, in Web- ster county. Company E, with the delayed transportation, has not yet come up. Distance marched, eight miles. March 4th. Weather this morning quite cold. Marched at seven o'clock. Rear guard with transportation came up to-day. Camped about two o'clock p. m., at a small town called Moun- tain Grove, in the southeastern part of Wright county, seven- teen miles southwest from Hartville, and about one mile from Mountain Store, another small town in Texas county. The town (Mountain Grove) is pleasantly situated on one of the ex- tensive plateaus of the Ozark range, covered with groves of small oak timl)er. The country in this vicinity is (me succes- sion of peaks and valleys. A lai'gc spring near the town sup- plies it with clear, pure water. A seminary, called • ' The ^Mountain Grove Seminary," is located here, but was closed at the outbreak of the rebellion. It is reported to have l)een a flourishing institution of learning, and sufficiently large to ac- (•(mimodate one hundretl students. The town was a hot-bed of secessionists, and is now ncnrly deserted. Distance marched to-day, eighteen miles. The army remained at this place until the 16th. Scouting parties were frecjuently sent out in various directions, and many of the enemy taken prisoners. Forage was very scai'ce ; trains were sent out twelve miles to obtain it. Henry C. Skinnei', ))rivat<' C()m])any G, and Sergeant William Brim, Com])aiiy 1, died in regimental hos])ital here in camp, and were buried with military hcmors. The Second Division of the ai'iny was in camp near the town of Hhxmiington, called also Waldo and Lick Skillcl. near Ila- zehvood, on a branch of the (jasconade river, in Webster county, about fifteen miles to the northeast from our i-amp. Our camp 104 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. is located on a small stream called ^Tietstone creek, anothei' branch of the Gasconade river. March 6th. A stormy, blustering day. Our horses have suffered more from exposure yesterday and to-day than at any time on the march. Our forage train was fired upon to-da}-. A large scouting party has been sent out under Colonel Bei"- tram. Twentieth Wisconsin Infantry. March 7th. Stomiy and windy. Last night was another severe night for our horses. March 8th. Storm continues. A ''blue day.*' Scouting party returned with seven prisoners, among whom was a Cap- tain in General Hindman's army. March 16th. The command marched this morning in an easterly direction, and camped on a branch of the Big Piney fork of the Gasconade river, near a small town called Cedar Bluffs, in Texas count>-. March 17th. Marched and camped at Pleasant Valley, on a branch of the Current river, about fifteen miles in an easterly direction from Houston, the county seat of Texas count)'. March 18th. Marched this morning at seven o'clock, and camped about noon at a place called Casta Valley, near the eastern line of Texas county. There is a great scarcit}' of watei' and forage here, and our animals are suffering in consequence. Daniel Hopper, private of Company G, died at this camp, and was buried with military honors. Distance marched, tM^elve miles. March 19th. Marched this morning at seven o'clock in a northeasterly direction. Crossed CuiTent river and camped at Gladden Valley, on Barren fork of Sinking creek, near a small town called Richmond Hill, in Shannon county. Distance marched, fifteen miles. Gladden Valley is situated |'orty-five miles southeast from Roll a, seventy -five miles southwest from [ronton, and fifteen miles north from Eminence, the county seat of this county. The command remained here until the 30th. AVhile in camp at this place the regiment received 250 Colts' t Herbert L. Mills Co. L. JOAB SOMERS, Co. L. Lewis E. Dean, Bugler, Co. M. U. J. Leonard, Sergeant, Co. L. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 105 improved arm}' revolvers, 500 sabers, and 600 Sharp's breech- loading carbines. For the lirst time during its service its arma- uient is nearly complete. Previous to this time almost every description of arms could be found in it, from a Philadelphia ritle to the original horse pistol. March 20th. To-day received commission as Assistant Sur- geon of the regiment. Sworn into the United States service by Acting Adjutant Lieutenant George M. Walker, Company L). All the effective force of the command is ordered to be ready to march on an expedition to Oregon county to-moiTow morning. March 21st. Marched this morning at seven o'clock in a southerly direction, passing our camping ground of yesterday", and camped on Jack's fork, a branch of Current river. Distance marched, forty miles. March 22d. Marched this morning at daylight, crossing Jack's fork at a saw mill, and after marching about eighteen miles camped on the farm of a German farmer in HoAvard county, near Kings mountain, about twenty-five miles distant northwest from Thomas ville, the county seat of Oregon county. We are on the road leading from Thomasville to Houston in Texas county. It has been storming all day. and the roads are exceedingly muddy. March 23d. Rained all night, and still raining. Passed a most uncomfortable night. A scouting party of 75 men or- dered out, and the balance of the command to countermarch. The rain storm is very severe. Camped on camping ground of the 21st, on Jack's forks. March 24:th. Marched at daylight, and camped at night at the foot of a high hill, as one enters Gladden Valley from the south. Distance marched, twenty-eight miles. March 25tli. Marched this morning at sunrise. Crossing CuiTent river, we arrived in camp at Gladden Valley before noon. Distance marched, twelve miles. There are numerous passes among these mountains, and it is almost impossible to 14 106 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. intercept any small force of the enemy desiring to march through them. March 28th. William Andrews, private Company C, died in regimental hospital to-day, and was buried with military honors. About four miles east from our camp a magnificent spring issues from beneath a high ledge of rocks, throwing out an immense volume of water. It furnishes power for a flour- ing mill, and is the fountain head of Beaver creek, a branch of Current river. March 30th. The army marched this morning at eight o'clock, and camped at three o'clock p. m. . about seven miles south fi'om Salem,' on the road leading to Rolla. Distance marched, ten miles. March 31st. Marched this morning at seven o'clock on the road leading to Eolla. Passed through Salem, and camped at about three p. m. at a place called Laketon. Distance marched, nineteen miles. Salem is the county seat of Dent county. It is a small town, and said to have been in a flour- ishing condition before the war. A female seminary, a few stores and a hotel are located here. The town is nearly de- serted. The buildings are now occupied by a force of the State militia. Laketon is a hamlet situated on the Meramec creek or river, about thirteen miles south from Rolla, near the northern line of Dent county. A large female academy is located at this place but is now closed. Our camp is called Lake Springs from the fact that a very large spring, forming a small lake, and furnishing sufficient water for the army, is situated near the camp. The regiment remained here in camp until rlune 11th, scouting, and doing picket and outpost service. April 2d. Received official notice of the appointment of Surgeon Cochi-an as Medical Director of the Army of the Frontiei'. Apiil !>tli. George Hollings worth, ijrivate Company D, died in regimental hospital to-day, and was buried with military honors. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. lOT April 19th. To-day Assistant Surgeon Allen received his commission as Surgeon of the Thirtieth Iowa Infantry. A most worthy promotion. April 21st. A detachment of 500 men of the First Iowa Cavalry, and 250 of the Eighth Missouri Cavalry, under com- mand of Major Caldwell, First Iowa Cavalry, with no trans- portation, marched to join an expedition under Brigadier General Vandever, to attack General Marmaduke in his raid into southeastern Missouri. Marmaduke is reported to l)e in the vicinity of Pilot Knob, in Iron county, with a force of 7,000 cavalry and artillery. The following are extracts from my notes made during that expedition. April 21st. Left camp at three o'clock p. m. Marched fourteen miles and camped at eight o'clock, two miles east of Salem, on the road leading to Ironton and Pilot Knob. At this camp we were joined by the First, Sixth and Seventh Mis- souri Cavalry Regiments, Batter}' — , First Missouri Light Artillery, and three howitzers. April 2 2d. Marched at four o'clock this morning, the regi- ment being the advance guard. Passed Howe's Mill on Huzza's creek, and camped on Cottery creek about seven p. m. Dis- tance marched, twenty-six miles. April 23d. Marched this morning at six o'clock. One liundred of the First Iowa Cavalry have been ordered to report to General Vandever as body guard. Passed through O K, a small deserted town. It was formerly quite a '^ ))usiness '" place. A pottery was located here, and quite a business car- ried on in grape culture and the manufacture of wine. Ar- rived at Pilot Knob at three o'clock p. m. Distance marched, thirty miles. The people are very much excited, fearing an immediate attack by General Marmaduke's forces. Telegraphic conmiunication with St. Louis has l)een cut off by the enemy, and alarms are frequent. April 25th. Reveille sounded this morning at three o'clock, and boots and saddles at four o'clock. Not finding the enemy 108 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. at this place, the command marched at twelve o'clock m. , and camped at Fredericktown, the county seat of Madison county, at four o'clock p. m. , marching a distance of twenty-one miles. April 26th. Marched this morning at six o'clock. Passed through a small town called Paton, in Bollinger county, about noon, (this place was the rebel camp of yesterday,) and bivou- acked about three miles from Jackson, the county seat of Cape Girardeau county, and one mile from the enemy's camp. Dis- tance marched, thirty-six miles. General Marmaduke attacked the city of Cape Girardeau, but having been defeated by Gen- ei'al McNeil, commanding that post, he had fallen back toward Jackson, supposing that his line of retreat was a safe one — not knowing that a force Avithin a short distance was already mak- ing preparations to destroy that portion of his army, camped so dangerously near it. It was Colonel Newton's regiment of General Burbridge's I'ommand. They were camped on the road leading frojn Jackson to Dallas, the county seat of Bol- linger county. A midnight attack was planned, the details of which were entrusted to the First Iowa Cavalry. Lieutenant Hursh, Com- pany F, with 20 men and two howitzers loaded with gTape and canister, quietly made their way, capturing their pickets, to within about thirty yards of the unsuspecting rebels, and dis- charged simultaneously howitzers and carbines into their camp, and before they had recovered from their surprise the First Iowa Cavalry charged upon the thoroughly demoralized men. In their haste to escape everything was left behind. Many were killed ; tifty-three hoi'ses, arms, camp equipage, and several thousand dollars' worth of stolen property, were captured. It was a most brilliant aiiair. and our First Cavalry received most nattering commendations for their dashing and daring midnight attack. The exi)loit of marching nearly forty miles during the day, and with scarcely a halt, successfully attacking and destroying a camp of a greatly su])criy day. in simsliiue. mud and .>^torni.->. our encoimters. skirmishes and l);ittles witli the enemy, have been almost exclusively among the hills and 1« 1 22 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. valleys, the gorges and fastnesses of the Ozark range of moun- tains, and with V)ut few exceptions with lawless bands of guer- illas and desperadoes, in the guise of " Confederate "* ■ soldiers, under the patronage of the so-called Confederate Governtnent. The line of march now to be taken up lies through the low, marshy districts of south-eastern Missouri and eastern Arkansas, where it will be impossible to march without the use of pontoon bridges and the construction of miles of "corduroy'' roads. The regiment, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Ander- son, Assistant Surgeon Ladd in charge of the hospital depart- ment, with the Eighth Missouri Cavalry, took up the line of march on the same day (11th), and arrived at Pilot Knob on the 15th, having marched ninety miles. On the 20th it encamped at Arcadia, about two miles distant from Pilot Knob. Here another cutting down of transportation took place. All the Sibley and wall tents were turned over, and officers and men were for the tirst time introduced to the ''pup tents,'' (small shelter tents. ) P^verything which could be dispensed with was stored, and all necessary preparations made for another campaign. This cavalry force was preparing to join Major (xeneral Fred Steele's forces, then at Helena and vicinity, in the i-ampaign against Little Rock, Arkansas. Everything being in readiness the army marched July 1st on the road to Frerl- ericktown. On arriving at Fredei'icktown the line of inarch was changed to a southerly direction, marching on a ••neigh- borhood" road leading from Fredericktown to (Ireenville, the county seat of Wayne county. Crossing Castor creek and the southern j)ortion of Lake Micota, or Black Mingo swamp, (one outlet of which was passed on a pontoon bridge,) it arrived at BloomtieKl on July 11th. having marched a distance of more than one hundred miles. The army remained here until the U>th. throwing up earth- works to protect the town from future attacks, procuring ra- ticms, reorganizing trains, and making other necessary i)repara- lions for the ex))edition. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 128 On the 14th Assistant Surgeon Lothiop reported for duty from sick leave of absence, and on the 18th was ordered by Krii^adier General Davidson to take charo:e of the General Field Hospital wliich was being established at this place. On the 17th the following complimentary order was issued l»y General Davidson : Headquakters Cavalry Division, Department of the Missouri. Bloomfield. July 17th. 1868. (iKXERAi. Order No. 24. The General commanding desires to express the gratification he feels in observing- the visible marks of improvement in the regiments of the division. Prompt from long habit to notice any violation of that sub- ordination which he thinks essential to success, he is none the less ready to acknowledge good soldiership when he sees it. He thanks you. officers and men. for your obedience and support. Comrades ! we begin to understand each other. We can now press forward I hope with mutual confidence. Let no acts of ours tarnish the arms of the Republic. By order of Brigadier General Davidson. Signed for YATUM. Lieut. Ridge 1 24 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAI.RY. is a ridge of land extending in a nearly north and south direc- tion, from Greene county on the north to about four miles west of Helena in Phillips county on the south, and from a '^ divide" })etween the waters of the St. Francis and White rivers. It is from a half-mile to six or more miles in breadth. On either side of this ridge the land in many places is low and marshy and unfit for I'ultivation. A numljcr of springs are found on this ridge, but the water in the summer season is regarded by the inhabitants as unhealthy. Its elevation above the low lands on either side is from eight to ten feet, except in some places where it rises into small broken hills. Indications of the existence of a prehistoric race are found about the ridge in many places in the form of embankments, old fortifications, sun-dried clay mixed with stems and leaves of cane, human l)ones, pottery, arrow-heads, stone axes, etc. The bottom of a small lake in Ci'ittenden county is said to be paved with lirick, the work of an unknown people. Why the name '-Crowley'" is given to this ridge is not known to the writer. While in camp near Jonesboro. Captain .). I). Jenks, Ccmi- l)any I), and Lieutenant Jacob Hursh. Company F, with fift\' men from Companies 1), E and F. were sent with dispatches to Helena. This was a most daring undertaking. They, how- ever. })assed through a section of coimtry held by the enemy for a distance of one hundred miles without loss or accident on their part. On oiie occasion Captain Jenks captured General Walker's outposts, and tied the men to trees on the side of the road, then passed the rebel canip and through their pickets on the other side without molestation. It was certainly a most gallant afi'air. displaying courage and ))radence in a remarkable degree, and was duly recognized by the connnanding General in the following comiilimentary order: Healxjcakteks Davidson's ("avalkv Division. Department of the Missouri. ('AMI' AT WiTTSBUKG. Akk.. Jnlv "iTth. 1S68. (Jenekal Order No. 2S. The Oeneral commanding thiss division desires to thank in g-eneral HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 125 orders Captain James D. Jenks, of the First Iowa Cavalry, and the fifty brave men of that regiment under his command. Starting at a point one hundred miles from Helena, they marched through a country held by the enemy and infested by guerillas, dashing upon his outposts whenever he found them ; crossing the L'Anguille river under the fire of the enemy's pickets ; taking six prisoners on his road -, wounding one officer and one private, who fell into our hands : destroying his dispatches and communicating their contents to the I'ommander at Helena, without losing an item. His whole conduct presents an example of brilliant cavalry daring worthy of study and imitation of every officer in this command. By order of Brigadier General Davidson. Signed, A. S. MONTGOMERY, Lieut, and A. A. A. G. N. B. — Have this read at the head of your squadron this evening at retreat. A supply of rations from Helena having- Ijeen received, the march was continued in a southerly direction toward Helena, crossinof the L'Anguille river near Marianna, August 6th. When ^vithin about thirty miles from Helena, the direction of the march was changed toward the west, and on the 9th the command camped on White river, near Clarendon, Arkansas. The forces under Major (leneral Steele were concentrated at this place prepai'atory to the advance upon (xeneral Price's forces in and around Little Rock. On the 13th, Captains McQueen, (V)mpany A. and Jones. Company C, \\nth a detachment of 400 men of the regiment, em- harked on a gunboat and barges, with orders to proceed down White river, eflfect a landing on the west side, and make a re- connoissance for the purpose of ascertaining the position of the enemy. A landing was effected at Aberdeen, in the presence of a force of rebel })ickets. After the landing of the detach- ment was effected, the gunboat came to anchor in the river for a cover should it be necessary to retreat. The detachment then made a hasty march into the country toward the west, forcing the ret)el picket to retreat. They then marciuHl up the river to DuvalTs Bluffs, a distance of tifty-tivc mil(^s. F'rom that ))lace they inarched in a westerly direction to a i)oint neai- 126 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Brownsville, at which place it Avas ascertained that the enemy was in camp on Bayou Metoe, a branch of the Arkansas river, about ten miles distant east from Brownsville. Countermarch- ing, the detachment discovered a greatly superior force of the enemy upon a prairie. Our forces were marching in the tim- ber on the border of the prairie, thus preventing our presence being known to them. But the prairie "had to be crossed,'' a most impetuous charge was made, taking the enemy com- pletely by surprise, and a running tight of live miles ensued, the enemy making a rapid retreat. After which the detach- ment arrived at Aberdeen and re-embarked on the boat and l)arges, and reached Clarendon on the evening of the 15th. On the 18th the regiment with the brigade and division crossed White river at Clarendon by ferry, and marched in the direction of Brownsville. On the 22d it camped at Dead Man's Lake. On the 24th it was at Two Prairie bayou, and on the 25th it was skirmishing with General Marmaduke's cavalry up to Brownsville, driving them from that place to their entrench- ments at Bayou Metoe. Brownsville, the county seat of Prairie county, is a small town situated on a Ijroad, flat and extensive prairie, about thirty milei^ distant in an easterly direction from Little Rock. The division camped near Brownsville. While near this place, at the request of General Davidson, Lieutenant Barnes, Company K, with twenty of his men, performed a daring exploit in the capture of a spy. Information had been received that a spy was at his home within the rebel lines, and that a regiment of the enemy was in camj) near his house. Lieutenant Barnes and his });irty reache^l the house at daylight. The man was taken prisoner, and the party returned to camp without accident. Lieutenant Barnes and his "^boys" received the thanks of the General for their successful and daring under- taking. During all this time the regiment was continuously on l)icket and outpost duty, making reconnoissances, etc. On the 27th was fought the battle of Bayou Metoe, in which the regi- ment took a very prominent part, driving the enemy across the HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 127 bayou and making a dashing charge to save the only bridge across that deep and miry stream fi-om destruction. The charge was led by Colonel Anderson, under a heavy fire from artillery and infantry upon the other side of the bayou. As the enemy had made preparations for the destruction of the 1)ridge in case of necessity, the material was fired by them, the bridge burned, and the charge of the regiment into the very jaws of those bat- teries was of no avail. In this charge Colonel Anderson had his horse shot under him. and the regiment lost one killed and thirty-six wounded, one mortally, as foUoAVs : Hiram Leland. Company A, killed; Harvey Wing, Company E, mortally wounded ; C. U. Martin, Company A. and R. E. Granger, C/ompany K, severely wovuided tmd missing ; Lieutenant R. M. Reynolds, A. Vanaerman, Com])any A, Orrin B. Crane and S. M. Scott, Company B. Al)raham Stuttsman, John Simmons, Company C, James M. Russell, Company K, N. W. Welliver. C'ompany L, and W. O. Gulick, Company M, severely wound- ed ; A. J. Wilson, Company A, Wellington Allen, George R. Carney, E. J. Smith. Company B, S. Chapman. J. Boltz. S. B. Walch and W. O. P. Keever. Company C, C. (\mterburg. R. Walker. I. N. Hall and J. Wiliford. Company E. Charles l)ul)()is and E. HaruKm, C'ompany K, and James Decker, Com- pany M, slightly wounded. The troops were noAv withdi'awn to Brownsville. Keconnoissances were made in various directions to ascertain the best route to Little Rock. The road leading hy Shallow Ford and Ashley's Mill was selected. The movement l)egan on September 6th and ended on the 10th with our army in full ))ossession of Little Rock, anfl the rebel army in an inglorious ictreat to a more congenial place in "Dixie."" On the Hth the army marched in a westerly direction. o)i the road to Little Kock. and on the 9th camped about one niih' north of the Arkansas river, and ten miles east from the city. On the 10th the mai-ch was contiiuied. and the entire cavalrv 1 28 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. force was actively engaged in skirmishing, making reconnois- 8ances, etc. During the night of the 9th and the morning of the 10th, General Davidson had prepared a place for crossing the river, and laid a pontoon bridge for that purpose near Ashley's Mill, about eight miles distant below Little Rock, (bmpany K. Lieutenant Barnes in command, was ordered in the early morn- ing on an old road leading to the right of the army. They reached the river about two miles aljove the place where the pontoon bridge had been laid, then following a road leading down the river to the bridge, they arrived at that place a short time in advance of the cavalry division. On its arrival Ritter's ' brigade with Clarkson's battery was ordered to Buck's Ford, a distance of about four miles down the river, then in possession of the enemy, to make a demonstration and engage their atten- tion while the crossing was being accomplished at this place. The regiment then taking the advance. Company K being the advance guard, crossed the river on the pontoon bridge ; the Tenth Illinois Cavalry crossing the river by fording about the same time, immediately above the bridge. Prior to this time, when the construction of the bridge wan nearly finished, it was discovered by the enemy, and a battery from the timber upon the opposite side of the river opened fire upon it, ])ut was soon silenced by the Eleventh Ohio Battery, which had been previously placed in position. Immediately upon the completion of the bridge, the Fortieth Iowa and Twenty-seventh Wisconsin Infantry Regiments, from Colonel Fugleman's brigade, were ordered to cross the l)ridge, for the purpose of taking possession of the woods in which the enemy's battery had been concealed. After the cavalry divis- ion had crossed, the infantry regiments were recalled, and the Fortieth Iowa left to guard the bridge. On reaching the south bank of the river the Second Brigade was placed in advance, and the regiment ordered to the front as skirmishers. During the entire fisfht it was in the extreme HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 129 front, sometimes fighting dismounted, at other times charging with drawn sabers. At one time during the day they recap- tured two howitzers which had been captured from the Tenth Illinois Cavalry. The loss of the regiment was slight when its exposed position during the day is taken into consideration — one being killed Charles T. Magill, Company D, and four wounded. Major J. W. Caldwell, Anglos P. Sala, Company A, and A. J. Henflrickson and E. J. Davis, Company I. In ref- erence to the part taken by the regiment in this engagement Brigadier General J. W. Davidson in his report said : " I or- dered a vigorous advance of Glover's brigade, and when they iiecame exhausted, within two miles of the city, threw Ritter's brigade and Stange's howitzers, supported by two squadrons of the First Iowa Cavalry, under the gallant Captain Jenks, into the city and on the heels of the enemy, saber in hand. At seven o'clock p. m. the Capital was surrendered by the acting city authorities, and the United States Arsenal, uninjured, with what stores remained in it, was repossessed. Our entire loss, in killed, wounded and missing, did not ex- ceed 100. while the enemy's loss w^as much greater ; 1,000 men were taken prisoners. Among the killed was a Colonel of cav- ab-y. The following Iowa regiments took part in the capture of Little Kock : The First and six companies of the Third (Cav- alry ; Twenty-ninth, Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty-sixth and Fortieth Infantry. The battle was fought almost exclu- sirely by the cavalry division. Following are copies of the official reports of Major General Steele and Brigadier General J. W. Davidson, of the expedi- tion, of llic engagement and subsequent capture of the city i also Brigai.. 18 I 38 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. the enemy fired into our boats several volleys with small arms from the south banks of the river and wounded six of our men on the steamer Progress. The Lieutenants in charge of the convalescent soldiers not showing any disposition to command notwithstanding they outranked me, I took command and with the assistance of my ordnance sergeant ral- lied the convalescent soldiers, and forming protection for the men by placing boxes of hardtack around the outer railing of the boat and placing their knapsacks upon the same, they were caused to kneel down and fire upon the enemy without waiting for further orders. There being two surgeons on the steamer Sallie List, the wounded were taken below and properly cared for and are doing well. Having one section of the Fifth Ohio Battery on board. I placed the gun on the front of the barge of hay. which extended in front of the boats about half its length, and the sergeant in charge of gun was enabled to shell the timber in which the enemy were concealed. This had the desired effect and dispersed them. I had pl?iced guards over the pilots from the fact that the one piloting the steamer Progress had threatened to turn over our cargo to the enemy before we returned. But it so happened that when we were fired upon Captain Sweet was at the •• wheel'" and stood unflinchingly at his post, notwithstanding his pilot house was pierced with the en- emy's bullets, showing the dangerous position he occupied. The pilot house of the steamer Sallie List was well protected with sheet iron, but the pilot abandoned his post, and the mate of the same had suffered or allowed the boat to be partially cut loose from our boat, so that she was dragging us to shoi'e. evidently planned to land us so that the enemy could board our boats. But with the assistance of my ordnance Ser- geant with revolvers in hand we went aboard of her and demanded that the mate make her fast to our boat, which he did immediately, and with the untiring energy and efficiency of Captain Sweet we steamed up the river : and undei" my directions the sergeant in charge of the piece of artillery shelled the banks of the river on the south all the way up to Clarendon wherever the banks of the river were sufficiently high for the enemy to approach the river. A squad of colored people at one time appi'oached the river and made signs for us to land, but I didn't think it prudent. Our loss was six wounded — three severely and three slightly. One was Brown, clerk of the sutler of Merrill's Horse ; the other five were of the Twenty-seventh Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers. We arrived at Clarendon. Arkansas, on the 24th inst.. and were or- dered by the commander of the post to await for convoy. We pro- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 139 ceeded from Clarendon, Arkansas, with convoy, at two o'clock the 25th inst., and arrived at this place at seven o'clock p. M. on the 26th inst.. and at the same hour of the day commenced loading on wagon train all the ordnance for the purpose of transporting the same to your com- mand at Brownsville. Arkansas. Hoping that the above and foregoing report will be a sufficient ex- planation for my seeming delay, I have the honor to be. General. Your obedient servant. SAMUEL T. CRAIG, 2d Lieut. Co. H. 1st Iowa Cav. Vol.. and Acting Ordnance Officer Cav. Div.. Department of the Missouri. It is l)ut justice to all my old comrades to say that during this entire expedition they were placed in many trying and dan- gerous positions and always acquitted themselves with honor ; winning the admiration, respect and esteem of their command- ing Generals l)y their gallant bravery and soldierly bearing. General Davidson and the regiment were ever afterward warm friends. A beautiful and costly saber was presented him, pur- rhased by the privates of the regiment, as a token of their friendship and love for their old commander. During the night of the 10th, the regiment bivouacked in the southern sul)url)s of the city. On the 11th it camped on the bank of the Arkansas river, about three miles cast from the city. On the 12th Assistant Surgeon Lothrop arrived, having been relieved from duty in charge of the General Field Hospital at Hloomfield, Missouri. On the 25th the camp was removed to the southern suburbs of the city, near the United States Arsenal. October l.st Colonel Anderson, by order of General l)a\ idson. was placed in command of the Second Cavalry Brigade, Major Caldwell being in command of the regiment. October 15th it again removed cam[) to a i)lace about two miles down the river, where it remained durinii" the winter. 140 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Here the men built comfoitable cabins for themselves and sheds for their horses, doing picket, outpost duty and scouting. During the latter part of the campaign which ended in the cap- ture of Little Rock, and the month of October, the regiment, as also the whole army, suffered severely from sickness conse- quent upon that terrible march through the swamps and fens of Missouri and Arkansas — " Where the will-o'-the wisps and glow-worms shine. In bull-i-ushes and in brake : Where waving mosses shroud the pine. And the cedar grows and the poisonous vine Is spotted like the snake" — Avhere the very air was surcharged with deadly miasm. Many brave men fell victims to diarrha?a, malaria and typhus. Others lingered for months in doubtful convalescence, while others completely broken in health were furloughed and discharged from service. As the cool weather of the autunm approached, the health of the regiment improved. The following memoranda are extracts from my notes made at the time : October ISth. Assistant Surgeon Ladd. a most genial com- panion, having resigned the service, left for his northern home. A Board of Examining Surgeons, with Assistant Surgeon Lo- throp as president, was organized to-day, for the purpose of examining soldiers of the cavalry division recommended for dis- charge on certiticates of disability. 25th. Intelligence received to-day that General Marmaduke with 2, 5(H) men and twelve pieces of artillery were marching upon Pine Blufts, a town about fifty miles distant east from Little Rock, on the south bank of the Arkansas river, in Jeifer- son county, (leneral Steele at once ordered reinforcements from Brownsville, Benton, and from this j)lace. A detachment of 250 men from the regiment, with one secticm of the Twenty- fifth Ohio Battery, under Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Caldwell, marched innne<}iatelv and reached Pine Bluffs earlv the next HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 141 morning (26th), and found that General Marmaduke had attacked the place on the 25th. ; that he had met with a hot reception and a most disastrous repulse, and was now on a ret- rograde march to a more temperate climate. The town is pleasantly situated on a high bluff, and receives its name from its location and the extensive pine forests in the vicinity. It is one of the most important posts estabhshed on the river, and necessary to be held in order to insure uninter- rupted navigation of the river. Colonel Powell Clayton, with a force of 550 men, constituted the garrison, and with this small force he had defeated General Marmaduke with his vastly supe- rior force. Lieutenant Colonel H. C. Caldwell, Third Iowa (Cavalry, with his force from Benton, having ari'ived some time before noon, the combined force with all the available force at this post was ordered by General Steele to pursue the enemy. Waiting until five p. m. for the arrival of the force from Browns- ville, (which by the way did not make its appearance at aU,) the command, under Lieutenant Colonel H. C. Caldwell, marched in a southwesterly direction on the road leading to Tu- lip, a small town in Dallas county, and during the night reached the Saline river, at a place about thirty miles distant from Pine Bluffs. Crossing the river in the early morning, it arrived at Tulip at about three p. m. Marmaduke's forces were reported to be at Princeton, a town some four or five miles dis- tant to the south. On arriving at Princeton it was found that he was again on the mai'ch for a more congenial cliniate. Believing further pursuit to be useless, the command marched on the road leading to Arkadelphia, arriving at that place at two A. M. on the 29th. capturing a large number of horses and nmles while on the march. At Arkadelphia two Lieuten.-mts nnd a few soldiers were taken prisoners ; three six-mule teams, belonofinof to the rebel government, a large amount of mail mat- ter, and 1,370 Confederate dollars, proceeds of the sale of relx'l salt, were captured. On the 30th a countermarch was connnenced by the wav of 142 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. the Ai'kadelphia and Little Rock road, and the regiment arrived in camp at Little Rock November 1st, having been out seven days and marched two hundred and fifty miles. November lith. The number of our brigade was changed from the second to the third. November 27th. Surgeon Cochran returned from duty on the staflf of Major General Herron, and on the 30th assigned to duty as Surgeon-in-Chief of the cavalry division. December 8th. A detachment of 260 men of the regiment, with detachments of other regiments, with a section of thi" Twenty-fifth Ohio Battery, all under command of Captain Jenks, Company D, marched on an expedition to Princeton and vicinity. On the march, a few miles south from Princeton, they encountered a rebel encampment of 800 men under the command of General Parsons. The reofiment, havins^ the ad- vance, dismounted and drove them from their position ; then mounting their horses pursued the retreating enemy to with- in fifteen miles of Camden, Ouachita county. In this skir- mish 39 prisoners were taken, and a quantity of arms, canij^ equipage, etc., were captured. Our loss was two wounded — C. Smelser. Company F. and A. McCaskey, Company K. severely wounded in arm near shoulder joint. The arm was amputated, and he was left at Princeton. (He received most kindly care and attention from the citizens, and was found near that place by some meml)ers of his company when returning from the Camden expedition in A])ril. 1864.) On the 13th the com- mand returned to camp, having marched two hundred miles. The above cited expeditions are but fair examples of the amount of marching and duty performed during the months of Octoliei', Novemlier and Deceml)er — marching during these months an aggregate of more than eight thousand (8,000) miles. The men were on constant duty, many of them performing their duties without overcoats and other necessary clothing. In the latter [)art of Deceml)er many of the horses died of overwork HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 143 and starvation. A sufficient amount of forage was not fur- nished. During the }^ear 124 recruits were sent from the State to the regiment. The most notable event of the year was the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, on January 1st, by President Lin- coln. By one stroke of that master hand, three millions of human beings *•' rose as men who laid them down as slaves." By that act he bade them go forth and ''heal with freedom what your slavery cursed. ' ' As long as history tinds a place in a nation's archives, so long will that act of Abraham Lincoln and the subsequent events be found written upon its brightest pages. Thus closed the year 1863. At this time it will be proper to resume the personal history of the regiment from the time of leaving Clinton. Missouri, in September, 1862, to this time. The resignations of field and stafi' officers were as follows : Colonel James O. Gower, Lieutenant Colonel P. Gad Bryan, Major E. W. Chamberlain, Assistant Surgeon D. B. Allen, promoted to Surgeon Thirtieth Regiment Iowa Infantry, Assist- ant Surgeon J. A. Ladd, Chaplain James W. Latham, Adju- tant D. A. Kerr, because of disability from wound received at Big Creek Cliifs, near Pleasant Hill, Missouri. Those of the line were as follows : Captains Philip E. Sha- \-er. Company E, J. D. Thompson, Company G, Riley West- coatt. Company H, and H. H. Heath, Compan}' L ; First Lieutenants John A. Bishop, Company A, and flames Crissy, Company M ; Second Lieutenant A. L. Freeman, Company K. The promotions were as follows : Major Daniel Anderson to Lieutenant C'olonel and Colonel ; Major J. W. Caldwell to Lieutenant Colonel ; Captains A. G. McQueen. Company A, Levi Chase, Company C, and William Thompson, Company E, to Majors ; Additional Assistant Surgeon Charles H. Lothrop lo Assistant Surcfeon : Di-. John A. Ladd to Assistant Surireon 144 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. from Hospital Steward, Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, (resigned a few months afterward); Quartermaster Sergeant John A. Donnell to Adjutant ; Quartermaster Sergeant Samuel C. Diek- erson to Quartermaster, (killed by guerillas in Arkansas, Octo- ber 28th, 1862); Sergeant Claus H. Albers, Company A, to Quartermastei'. Among the line officers as follows : Company A — First Lieutenant R. M. Reynolds to Captain ; Second Lieutenant John R, Marshall and Sergeant John L. Russell to First and Second Lieutenants. Company B — First Lieutenant S. S. Burdett to Captain ; Sergeants J. T. Foster and H. P. Shiffer to First and Second Lieutenants. Company C — Second Lieutenant Thomas Jones to First Lieutenant and Captain ; Sergeant Mathew Ronaldson to Sec- ond and First Lieutenant, and Sergeant William A. Clark to Second Lieutenant. Company F — First Lieutenant Charles Dustin to Captain ; Second Lieutenant Jacob Hursh to First, and Sergeant Charles W. W. Dow to First and Second Lieutenants. Company G — First Lieutenant John McDermott to Captain ; Second Lieutenant Elkanah S. Foster and Sergeant Solomon Smith to First and Second Lieutenants. Company H — First Lieutenant William S. Wliisenand to Captain ; Second Lieutenant Albert U. McConnick and Ser- geant Samuel T. Craig to First and Second Lieutenants. Company- K — Sergeant Hiram H. Sowles to Second Lieu- tenant. Company L — First Lieutenant 1). C. Mclntyre to Captain: Second Lieutenant James M. Simeral and Sergeant Warren Y. Reeves to First and Second Lieutenants. Company M — Second Lieutenant Edwin A. Dindiam and Sergeant Solomon Townsend to First and Second Lieutenants. Battalion Adjutant Joseph S. Edsall was mustered out as extra Lieutenant. Rev. John M. Coggswell was commissioned HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 145 a.s Chaplain. He clied at Little Rock, Arkansas, Octol)er 25th, 1863. Captain William E. Leffingwell. Company B, was dis- missed the service through the influence of some of the Mis- souri army officers. Immediately after the war, by act of Con- gress, the disability was removed, and the proceedings in the case, shown to be malicious, were expunged from the records. Second Lieutenant William H. DeFreest was dismissed the service. First Lieutenant Benjamin Raney, Company C, died at Springfield, Missouri, December 11th, 1862, and Thomas A. Bereman was commissioned Captain Company E from private life. Note.— Second Lieutenant W. H. DeFreest, Company B, was dismissed the service because of tlie excessive use of intoxicating liquors. Having permanently reformed, he is now a most worthy citizen. Efforts are being made for the removal of liis disability. 19 1864 The morning of January l.st, 1864, dawned upon the afflicted Nation with brighter hopes and pro.spects for the Union cause. Many important battles had l)een fought and won, and but few lost, and it was evident the end of this momentous struggle was not in the far distant future. In the latter part of December, ls».i-Mtru»:\T Aiui T.\Nr «ii.M:uAi. » «»rrit>. \Va!>III?i<.I<>N Mir. Ii Hlh. \H6i iiv.sKHJii. Okiikka No. km. Thf follow ini; jolnl nMilutiunii of Ton, ....i.ii.»..-i i..r n.. liifonimtlon and inildnnn* of nil iMintHTtKHl rrHI.U' HKSOlJ'TtoS No, 15. .(••I<«T K«l«<>IA-TIO}> or TllA«ll« f>t ' • tf TIIR Vol.1' >Tllllll HolJtlRH* Wllo Ii4\ r. Ur ' >> Tiir. ahm\ > nf War tmutt Hiw> mnlB« I rti-«niUlrtl or Ahan rp>«alM V,,|.r,,,r.l M.»r. Ii oI I*.* IJ% ..t,|. • "f thf S'«'n'Uiry of Wnr. U. A. Nirnoi>. « »ij,, ,i,. A**t*OtHt Ai(futii Frlmiiirx lllli Mill old ravain «-oiiiinaiiiii-r. Itripulin (M'lMTiii.l \\ I >:i\ hi-Miii. \s\\f* n«lir\<*<| of Wx" (d|IIIUHllioii : llKAUvrAKTKKlt ('A% Al.K^ l>|\l<>l«i% SRVKHTII AkM) Cottili. U'N K Akkakhah. fVbnuiry llth. IM6-I. > f r s, fi «■ ..... l*h«* uii' l» nBll«\ 'horlty from the liMMlquttrtvm of the army, of thi> mraniuml of t)u< iiiviilry (li^iNion which ha* hiu« txini- mnnr|.«»l •»• ' - " ^ -• • '•• »» ' "- 1^ • ' -f U»«« Ml.H..i;ri It ill with n fiiii b<«rt. my iiimnMliw thnt I bid you ipaid^hyt?. 1 fi«««l •' ■• ■*.. have known tiwh other lone •' '' •-.•-■ /...-....• o>.. Ut« hnvo hiiiind n* ti>t;i*»<»> /. !VJ 'it '».»H r.W firlirnil l)a\itlyr()technic display. On the morning of the 11th General Steele with his army in line of battle advanced into the open prairie. In the distance, at the south, confronting him, was the rebel force in line of l)attle. It was a most magniticent s[)ectacle ; one scarcely or never witnessed, and when once seen will never l)e forgotten. Skirmishers wer(> in front, batteries in position, cavalry upon the flanks, with seen made, when a most de- moralized crowd of cotton speculators, sutlers, refugees, team- sters, etc.. niounte(| on mules and horses, dashed pu.'-t at the ••best gait" the animals possessed for Camden, followed im- mediately by a volle\ fi'om the enenu". A line of liattle was 164 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. immediately formed, the fire returned, and a most determined fight ensued. A rebel prison stared us in our faces, but we were going home or going to die ''right there and then."" No surrender this time. Captain McDermott, Company G, and Lieutenants Foster. Company B, and Edwin A. Dunham, Com- pany M, 'were in command of the skirmish line which had been formed ; and our two wagons on that narrow, muddy road were reversed by the men in an incredibly short time and sent to the rear. A heavy fire was concentrated upon the bridge, and the several attempts to charge across it were as often re- pulsed by the veterans. One rebel officer, having more valor than discretion, was "taken in" for his temerity. Lieutenant Silas R. Nugen, Company E, who had been detached from the regiment during the campaign, acting as Division Quartermas- ter, was captured. When asked l)v his captors what force was in front of them, he replied that "it was the advance of Gen- eral Steele's army."" This reply no doul)t had a very discour- aging effect upon them, as they had been receiving for the last thirty days convincing proofs of the prowess of General Steele's army. Their extreme caution was fortunate for us, and saved us from severe disaster. Forming successive lines the veterans fell back, and marched in this manner until after midnight. In the meantime Lieutenant ('olonel C^aldwell had sent a dis- patch to General Steele asking for reinforcements. Pi'ivate William Potts, (V)mpany M, having a fieet blooded horse, was selected ;is dispatch-hearer, and the distance of thirty-eight miles was made by him in a very short time. This was a most fatiguing march, especially for cavalrymen. The coimter- march was a gn^ater distance than that marched during the day. making a distance of more than tifty miles. The men wert' terribly exhausted, and the wagons were used to transport them. An ox team belonging to a rebel fanner was impressed into the service for that })urpose also. As many of the men as could ride on tlic wagons were })ermitted to do so for a time, and then as olhei-s became exhausted they occupied their ])laces. By HISTORY OF FIRST lOAVA CAVALRY. 165 thus changing from time to time no men were left behind. Many dropped by the wayside, saying they could go no farther, but being encouraged, and after partaking of a liberal dose of spiritus friimenti^ they would resume the march with renewed ■spirits. Some time after midnight we halted and l)ivouacked for the night. In the early dawn of the next morning (26th), our pickets discovered a force from the direction of Camden advancing upon us. We could not believe that a force from (yamden could reach us at this time, and every man was desper- ate and ready for battle. It Avas soon ascertained that the force approaching was a detachment of 1,500 men with two howitzers from our old Third Brigade. Upon learning that they were our friends there was an intense revulsion of feeling. Brave men who on many a bloody battle field, amid storms of shot and shell, had faced death without a tremor, wept like children. Although, twenty-five years have come and gone since that event took place, the memory of those scenes is as vivid as if the occurrences were but of yesterday. On the arrival of the command in our camp they greeted us with heai-ty congratula- tions. It had been reported in Camden that the veterans had been attacked and all were killed or taken prisoners. The dis- ])atch asking for reinforcements, ' and announcing that we were falling back in good order, refuted the report, and the above mentioned detachment was at once ordered out and a most rap- id marcli made to reinforce us. At about eight o'clock the command marched toward Cam- den. The weary and footsore veterans were placed upon the horses, and their comrades marched beside them, listening to the story of the attack, the stubborn resistance made, the re- treat without confusion, and the most exhausting march ever made by them, on that eventful day and night. Karly (two v. M. ) in the afternoon the command camped near (one mile) the bank of the Ouachita river, opposite Camden. The loss of the enemy is reported to have been one Colonel and one privsilc killed, and one C;i])tMin taken prisoner. Our 166 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. loss was two wounded and two taken prisoners — Corporal John Wright 2d, Company A, and private Patrick H. Burke, Com- pany M, wounded ; Lieutenant Silas R. Nugen, Company E, and private William H. Hughson, Company B, taken pris- oners. At this time General Steele was making j)reparations to evacuate Cailiden. About one o'clock on the morning of the 2Tth the arni}^ had crossed the Ouachita river, and was march- ing on the Princeton road on a retreat to Little Rock. On the 29th, having passed through Princeton, it Avas at Jenkins' Fer- ry, on the Saline river, in the southeastern portion of the Hot Springs country, with the enemy in close pursuit. During the night the rain fell in torrents, and the "-bottom" lands or swamps bordering on the river, densely wooded, were one con- tinuous sea of mud and mire. All night long, with the rain pouring down in torrents, the army was assisting in getting the trains and batteries over the almost l)ott.omless road, and across a pontoon bridge which had been laid across the river. But the morning came with a portion of the train uncrossed. At this time (April 30th) all the wagons were ordered to be des- troyed, except ' ' those for General Headquarters — live wag- ons for each division, and such as may be required to carry ordnance stores remaining after issue. All am})ulances will be retained. All surplus wagons will be destroyed. ''' " " in. The Medical Director will organize a hospital, in which, with supplies and surgical aid, will l)e. left such wounded as may be fattdly or d:uigerously wounded, or so seriously that transportation will result in permanent injury. Others will be taken in ambvdances. ""• - '^' V. Every man of the command will carry sixty rounds of annnunition. forty in th<> boxes and twenty in the knapsack or haversack.'" At daylight on the morning of the 30th. that portion of the army which had not crossed the river wei'e attacked b\- the enemy. A most furious and determined battle ensued, and at about one o'clock v. M. not a rel)el who could aet awav was left HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 167 upon the field. It was a most decided but dearly bought vic- tory. It is said that soon afterward General Kirl)y Smith sent in a flag of truce for permission to liury his dead and care for liis wounded ; finding but a small burial party of our men, they were taken prisoners, and Smith proclaimed a great rebel victory. In this battle our loss was seven hundred (700) men. in killed, wounded and missing. That of the enemy is reported to have been 2,300 men, among them three Generals. The regiment did not take an active part in this battle. [It was almost exclusively an infantry engagement. General Fegan with his cavalry division was already on the northern side of the river, intending to cut ofi* our retreat to Little Rock. But General Steele was equal to the emergency. After the Ijattle he at once set his cavalry in motion, and it was now a race be- tween General Fegan's cavalry and our own foi- Little Rock. We reached the city May 1st at five p. m., while General Fegan made a hasty retreat for a place of milder temperatiu'e. Gen- eral Steele with his army arrived at the city May 3d. For the last few days of this disastrous campaign the men were without rations, subsisting on parched and raw corn, with coffee, and w hat little food could lie found among the inhabitants. During the first part of it there were good roads, and everything passed off pleasantly; but vvdien the line of march led among the swamps and bayous of southern Arkansas, amid rain and mud. with rations exhausted, and an active, vigilant foe in superior nimibers ever on the alert to take advantage of any mismanage- ment oil our |)art, it required the utmost bravery, fortitude and devotion to country to bear the hardships and })rivations with- out complaint. Colonel Fugleman in his congratulatory order well says : "The liravery and fortitude of the men, maintained under the most trying circumstances, not only in meeting and defeating an enemy far more numerous than themselves, in sufl'ering exposure to drenching rains, and being comjielled for nights in succession to lie in swamps, but above all bearing th(^ attacks of gaunt hunger, and yet obeying every order of theii- 168 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. officers with cheerfulness and alacrity, entitle them to the con- sideration and gratitude of their country.'" Following is a copy of General Steele's congratulatory or- der to his troops : Headquarteks, Department of Arkansas, &c.. Little Rock. Arkansas. May 9th. 1864. General Orders No. 23. To you, the troops of the Seventh Army Corps, who participated in the recent campaign designed to co-operate with General Banks' movement against Shreveport. the Major General commanding tenders his earnest and grateful thanks. Although you were compelled to fall back with- out seeing the main object of the expedition accomplished, you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you have beaten the enemy wherever he has met you in force, and extricated yourselves from the perilous position in which you were placed by the reverses of the co- operating column. This let loose upon you a superior force of the ene- my, under one of their best Generals, causing the loss of your trains, a total interruption of your communications, and rendering it impos- sible for you to obtain supplies. You have fallen back over rivers and swamps while pressed by a superior force of the enemy, and this you have done successfully, punishing the enemy sevei"ely at the same time. The patience with which you have endured hardships and privations, and your heroic conduct on the battle field, have been brought to the notice of the Government, and will furnish a page in the history of this war of which you may well be proud. F. STEELE. Official : Major General Cominduding. . Assistant Adjutant (ienrral. In December, 1888, tlie writer's attention was called to what l)urported to be a copy of the official report of General Mar- maduke of his operations against General Steele on this expe- dition, taken from the Southern Magazine of April, 1872. The St. Louis Globe-I)(Hnocrat. of Deceml)er 10, 1885, in an editorial, made a just and correct criticism of the rejiort. Gen- eral Mamiaduke's re})ort was so manifestly incorrect that an article was published in the Globe-Democrat as a very brief I'eply to it. Tlie report is here inserted, as an iUustration of Capt. a, W, HDSFDRD COMPANY G. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 169 the manner and style of ^ ' Confederate ' ' officers' reports. The reply is also inserted. (GENERAL MARMADUKE'S REPORT. Headquarters Marmaduke's Division, In the Field, May 28th. 1864. Colonel : — In obedience to orders from the Major General com- manding'. 1 have tlie honor to make the following report of the opera- tions of my command in the campaign against the Fedei-al forces under Major General Steele, which was ended on the 30th ult. by their re- treat aeross to Saline, and to their base. Little Rock. At the time information was received of the advance of Steele's army from Little Rock southward on the military road and of his ai-- rival at Benton, my division, consisting of CabelPs Arkansas cavalry brigade and Shelby's and (Greene's (Marmaduke's) Missouri cavalry brigades, numbering about thirty-two hundred (3.200) effectively armed and mounted men for duty, was stationed as follows : CabelFs brigade sixteen miles west of Washington, and sixty-six miles from Camden : Shelby's and Greene's brigades at Camden. To meet the movement of the enemy I made the following dispositions : March 22d, Cabell's brigade was ordered to Tate's Bluff, twenty-three miles northwest of ( 'amden. at the junction of the Little Missoui"i with the Ouachita river : March 25th. Shelby's bi-igade was ordered to Pi-inceton. but no forage being there, moved fifteen miles northeast of Princeton, (forty-seven miles from Camden), and on March 28th. with Greene's brigade and a section of Blocker's battery under Lieutenant Zimmerman, I marched directly to Tate's Bluff. The several brigades could by this disposition co-operate against the enemy's front, if need be. Cabell and Greene against his front, while Shelby was in position to march directly to and ()])erate u])on his rear. On ray arrival at Tate's Bluff. March 30th. finding no forage nor subsistence in its vicinity, and ascertaining that the enemy. !».;>()() strong, infantry, cavalry and artillery, had reached Kockport and were marching upon Arkadelphia. I ordered Shelby to cross the Ouachita river and move upon the enemy's rear, and Cabell's brigade, (which in view of the probability of the en6my advancing di- rect upon Washington, and the deai-th of forage and subsistence at Tate's Blvitt". had been ordered to halt fifteen miles southwest of that point, ) to cross the Little Missoviri by the militai-y road and resist him in front, while (rreene's brigade (the middle column) would cross the Little Missouri at Tate's Bluff and attack his left flank, and as he ad- 22 170 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. vanced southward from Arkadelphia to co-operate with Cabell, each com- mand to make short and desperate attacks, retire, and attack again, until the enemy reached the Little Missouri river, when all would con- centrate to prevent the passage of that stream. Before the several brigades could cross the river and get into position, the enemy had entered Arkadelphia. On April 1 st, Steele with his whole force moved out of Arkadelphia, directing his march on the •• military road" toward Washington. Late on the evening of the 1st the scouts in advance of Shelby's brigade had entered Arkadelphia. capturing a dozen stragglers, including one Cap- tain, and closed up the enemy^s rear ; but the main body of his brigade had not arrived. Cabell had. however, moved up to the Antoine. eighteen miles southwest of Arkadelphia. and his advance, commanded by Lieutenant ('olonel Fayth. struck the advance of the enemy, con- sisting of two regiments of cavalry, near Spoonville. ten miles south- west of Arkadelphia. Here several sharp fights occuri-ed. in which the enemy sutfered considerable loss and were driven back upon the main body. (Ireene. on the enemy's left, had attacked and driven in with loss his flankers to the main body. On the night of the 1st Steele encamped near Spoonville. having inarched only ten miles. Shelby enca,mped that night near Arkadelphia. Cabell on the Antoine, and (Jreene was at nightfall about eight miles east of Spoonville. The de- sign of the enemy evidently was to co-operate with the Federal army under Banks, then moving against Shreveport. His shortest route to Shreveport was by way of Washington. The crossing of the Little Missouri liver on the military road was a good one. The latest infor- mation from my scouts on the 1st (I was then with Oreene's column) was that Steele had certainly advanced as far as Spoonville, on the di- rect Wiishington rond. These facts taken in consideration, I ordered Colonel Greene to leave Lawther's regiment of his brigade on the en- emy's left flank, and. mar-ching that night, join Cabell at Cottingham's Stoi-e. fourteen iniles northeast of Washington and thi-ee south t)f Lit- tle Missouri river on the military road. Before daylight on the morn- ing of the "id I had joined ( "abell at ,\ntoine. At Spoonville a good road makes off southward fi'om the military road by way of Okalona to Elkins" Ferry, and by-roads leading from it to several of the fords and ferries on Little Missouri river. Feai'ing that Steele might take this road and reach and occupy one of the fords below the milita.ry road crossing, on the morning of April '2d. after leaving Monroe's regiment. Fayth's battalion and a section of Hughey's battei-y. all under command HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA C'AVALRY. 171 of Colonel Monroe of Cabell's brigade, at the Antoine. 1 withdrew the balance of the regiment to Cottingham's Store, where he could either re- inforce Monroe when driven back to the river, or resist the occupation by the enemy of any of the fords below the military road. No change appeared in the direction of the enemy's march on the 2d. His supposed advance came up with Colonel Monroe's force at the Antoine, and was driven back with loss ; Monroe, according to instruc- tions, then falling- slowly back. At Wolf creek he again halted and took position : the enemy again advanced, and this time Monroe by his excellent dispositions, the well directed fire of the small arms of his command, and of the section of Hughey's battery, drove him in wild disoi'der back upon his main body. At two o'clock p. m. the march oi the enemy was partially developed — he had taken the road leading off by way of Okalona. Simultaneously almost with this information, the small picket which had been stationed at Elkins' Ferry galloped up to inform me that the enemy had occupied that ford with a •• small force." About four o'clock Greene arrived, having marched when he heard the firing between Monroe and the enemy in a northwesterly direction to the assistance of Cabell — as he supposed — but finding that the enemy was in strong force, and would in his position then overpower him. re- tired to Cottingham's Store. By this time the enemy had occupied El- kins' Ferry with a strong force, and posted artillei'y to sweep any line at- tempting to drive them from it : and his main body was in suppoi'tiug distan(;e. In the meanwhile Shelley, encountering the enemy's rear guard, con- sisting of a brigade of infantry, i-egiment of cavalry and a battery, had. with the gallantry and dash which ever accompany him and his brigade, charged in line of battle mounted — charged and charged again until the sun went down, and driven it to seek safety with the main body, now encamped twelve miles from the scene of his first attack. Shelby then encam])ed. In this day's fight, foremost in the pursuit, fell mortally wounded Second Lieutenant Trig-g of my escort, who was sent by me to (General Shelby with dispatches, and having accomplished that duty, and the fight coming on. joined the advance and there fought with a valor worthy the emulation of the bravest. Captain Thorpe, of EUiofs battalion, the advance, charged with his company through a regiment of Federal infantry, scattering them to the four winds. He received a. sevei'e though not mortal woimd in that charge. Placing a sufficient force at Elkins' Ferry to hold in check any fur- ther advance until it could be reinforced, Cabell's and (ireene's brig- 172 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ades were sncamped so as to reach in time any of the fords yet liable to be crossed by the main body of the Federal army. April 3d was passed by the enemy in closing up to the river with his main force. His point of crossing was not yet ascertained, and Burbridge's regiment of (Jreene's brigade, under Lieutenant Colonel Preston, was thrown for- ward to make a force reconnoissance at Elkins' Ferry. Late in the day. after having driven in the advanced posts on the south side of the river with sharp skirmishing, the enemy was discovered in heavy masses. Yet during that day his main body still remained on the north bank. His slow, changeful marches, his seeming indecision, were inexplicable until Shelby's cannon were heard in his reai-. On the morning of the 3d. Shelby had again attacked his rear guard, when, finding that it was being heavily reinforced and closing its flanks around his small force, he withdrew in good order. In these actions General Shelby fought his brigade entirely mounted, and time and again the irresistible charge of his line thoi*oughly demoralized and completely routed the long and serried lines of the enemy's infantry, causing them great loss in killed, wounded and prisoners, while Collins' battery did most eflfective service and almost exceeded its usual superlative excellence in the accuracy of the fire and the devoted bravery of the company. On the 4th, as afterward appeared. Steele commenced crossing his main army. Having concentrated Greene and ( 'abell in front of the ferry, posted the main portion of Cabell's brigade as a reserve on a nat- urally strong position at the edge of the bottom, with Greene's brigade. Colonel Greene commanding, one piece of Blocker's battery, under Lieu- tenant Zimmerman, Monroe's regiment. Colonel .S. C. Monroe com- manding, and a section of Hughey's battery under Lieutenant Miller of Cabell's brigade. l.-iOO in all. I advanced and attacked the enemy to finally determine if he intended to cross his whole force here, and to relieve Shelby. The troops were rapidly formed and the attack quickly and vigorously made, which resulted in my driving the enemy two miles before he could mass his foi'ces against me. Lieutenant Fackler of my staflf was captured in this affair. From the official reports of the enemy, captured afterward, it appeared that I fought a greatly superioi* force and killed and wounded a great number. I cannot pay too high a ti'ibute to the alacrity, steadiness and splendid bi'avery of (ireene's brigade and Monroe's regiment, nor- compliment the artillery of Lieu- tenants Zimmerman and Miller more fittingly than in the enemy's own language, who complained that our •• artillerists must have measiu-ed HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 173 the ground before the battle." The enemy's design of crossing- here was now made fully manifest. Shelby was enabled to join me on the evening of that day without molestation, and again my whole force was united. No forage being in the vicinity of the ferry, I was compelled to withdraw my main force on the morning of the 5th to the south side of Prairie U'Anne, on the Washington road, about sixteen miles from the fen\v. Here I had breastworks of logs and small earthworks thrown up. with which to deceive the enemy into the belief that I would hei'e give him battle. This day my outpost, Greene's regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel ( 'ampbell. skirmished heavily with him, and again on the 6th. On the 7th the enemy continued to advance slowly, my advance under Captain Porter of Burbridge's regiment skirmishing with him the entire day. (xeneral Price now arrived with Dockery's and Crawford's brigades and Wood's battalion and took command. Cabell's brigade was taken from me and placed in Fegan's division. On the 8th the enemy again ad- vanced, driving Captain Porter with my outpost to the northeast edge of the ijrairie. Greene's brigade was then relieved from outpost duty by troops of Fegan's division. On the evening of the 9 th the enemy, having been reinforced by Thayer's division from Fort Smith. 4.000 strong, cavalry, infantry and artillery, marched upon the outposts of ovu- army under General Dock- ery, drove them in, and was preparing to flank (General Shelby's camp when he evacuated it, and being ordei-ed to keep in the enemy's front, threw his force into line of battle across the Elkins' Ferry and Wash- ington and Camden roads, ordered Dockery to protect his flank, and attacked the advancing enemy. The picket flghting soon assumed heavy proportions. The enemy moved up and opened upon Shelby with flfteen pieces of artillery and continued to advance : but the resistance was as dogged as theii- advance was overwhelming. The section of ( 'ollins" battery under the immediate command of Captain ('ollins with almost unexampled courage held the artillery column of the enemy at bay, while the brigade, swept from flank to flank by the flei-ce fire of artillery and small arms, budged not until the order for retiring came. At nightfall the enemy had advanced but half a mile south of his position in the morning. At midnight I withdi-ew Shelby. The enemy had now reached the point where the rojids from Washington. Camden and Louis- ville join, looking northward. He wished to move to Camden, but he could not leave a force so near- on the Washington road to attack his real', and he feared to attack Iht- fortified position on the .-southwest lY-i HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. edge of the prairie. Two days he spent, the 10th and 11th. in prepar- ing for hattle. On the 12tli. with his whole force in line of battle, a glo- rious sight in the open prairie, he moved upon the works, flanking them upon the left — to find them abandoned. The works had served their purpose admirably, deceiving the enemy and forcing him to waste his time and keep his army starving in a barren country foi- nearly three days. Greene's brigade was again in action, skirmishing in the ene- my's front and bringing up the rear of our army, with its usual cool, desperate courage. On the night of the 12th my division encamped on Frairie de Khoan. and for the first time in fourteen nights enjoyed iminterrupted quiet. On the morning of the 13th. at ten a. m.. we were again en route to reach the enemy's front and oppose his advance on Camden. At four p. M. on the 14th we were in his front, fourteen miles from Camden, at the junction of the Prairie D'Anne and Camp Bragg and Camden and Washington roads, having marched sixty miles. That evening, night and the next day were spent in continued fighting. Late on the even- ing of the 15th, finding that the enemy was determined to reach Cam- den that night, and that further resistance was unwise and uprofitable. and having sent Captain John C. Moore, my A. A. General, to Camden to destroy such government property there as would benefit the enemy, and leaving Colonel Lawther's regiment with orders to contest the ene- my's advance, and after being driven from Camden to move out on the Shreveport wire road, and watch the enemy on that approach. I crossed my command from the Prairie D'Anne and Washington road to the Camp Bi-agg and Camden i"oad and encamped eight miles from Cam- den. Colonel Lawther fought the enemy's advance in gallant style to the town, and encamped as directed. That night the enemy occui)ied Camden. Such were the operations of my command up to the entrance of Steele's army into Camden. For over three weeks no day passed with- out hard marching and fighting ; few nights in which it had rest. Its rations consisted mainly of jerked beef, with occasionally corn meal. During that time no complaint was ever heard ; theii- courage was high and confident ; their conduct in battle admirable and worthy the highest praise — indeed in and out of battle it was noble. For the last six days we were assisted by other ti-oops : during the remainder of the time we were opposed alone to the enemy, and General Steele's army of l;! ()()(> mands of des[)eradoes and gu(u-rillas. under Bill An- dei'son, Thrailkill. Poole and the two Todds. numberinof nearh 188 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAI^RY. 400 men, all wearing blue overcoats, captured a passenger train going north, at Centralia, a station on the North Missouri railroad. They robbed the passengers and killed twenty-three soldiers who were on the train, three only of whom were armed. Among those killed were seven veterans belonging to the First Iowa Cavalry, as follows : Owen P. Gore, Company A, Oscar B. Williams and George W. Dilley, Company B, Edward Ma- dera and John Russell, Company C, Joseph H. Arnold, Com- pany E, and Charles Carpenter, Company K. Those belonging to the First Iowa Cavalry were going to St. Joe on business, requiring no arms ; others were on furlough from General Banks' army, and a few who had been discharged from General Sherman's army. A construction train was fol- lowing the passenger train, which was also captured, and the engineer compelled to run his locomotive over the bodies of the soldiers lying on the track- Two of the soldiers were scalped and all more or less mutilated after death. The station was burned and the agent of the road killed. Not satisfied with this inhuman piece of deviltry, they set the train on fire and started it off' toward Sturgeon, another station on the road, with the remaining passengers in it. The passengers, however, escaped and walked to Sturgeon. About three or four o'clock V. M. Major Johnson, with 135 men belonging to (^olonel Kutz- ner's regiment Missouri State Militia, arrived from Paris, the county seat of Monroe county. An engagement ensued, in which the militia were badly defeated. It was reported at the time that l)ut 25 men I'eturned to Paris — 68 were left dead on the field. In this affair 130 men were killed. It was a most cold-blooded butchery, unequaled in atrocity by any similar act during the war-. Major McDemiott, with a detachment of the regiment, was inmiediately sent out in pursuit, but the bandit and human hyena had made good his escape. The following interesting account of the massacre, l)y K. 1. Holcomb, late a member of the Tenth Missouri Infantry, now residins: at Nevada. Missouri, is here inserted : HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 189 "•On the 25th of September, 1864, a band of guerrillas, bushwhackers, and 150 recruits who had been mustered into the Confederate service, all numbering about 400 men, crossed the North Missouri railway (now the Wabash) at a point near the present site of Moberly, one hundred and twenty-five miles northwest of St. Louis. They went eastward into Monroe county, threatening Paris, the county seat. The Confederate recruits were under the command of Major John Thrailkill. The guerrillas and bushwhackers were divided into squads and duty, as became a true soldier. '• * I will fight them anyhow I ' the brave officer declarcHl to Dr. Sneed. Mounting his horse he hastily formed his men into line. Detaching Captain Theis with his company of 30 men to remain in the village. Major Johnson marched out to meet An- derson's company. Ix'liind which was Poole's, all the guerrillas that could be seen. The line halted and fixed bayonets. John- son rode twenty paces to the front, and halted, sitting motion- 192 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. less on his horse, his revolver in his right hand. The guerrillas were preparing to charge him — he could see that. '•'But Major Johnson could not see all of his fearful peril ; at least, it is believed he could not. The fallow cornfield was a sort of moraine, sloping to the east. On either side, running into Young's creek from west to east was what we in the West call a slough, a sort of ravine filled with plum bushes, crab . apple, hazel and other brush. Behind this line of brush, se- curely hidden, and lying down on their horses, with one foot in the stirrup and the other on the ground, were hundreds of guer- rillas, the most desperate men then in existence, the best pistol shots in America. On the north were Thrailkill, Gordon and Tom Todd ; on the south George Todd. In the center was Bill Anderson, and lapping his line in the rear was Dave Poole. ' ' When George Todd had gotten his men into position as he wanted them, he lifted his hat to Bill Anderson, the latter lifted his hat to Poole, and then with a great yell Anderson dashed forward. Johnson's men could fire but one volley, and this they did. In a moment Anderson and his band were upon them ; then Poole and his men ; then the Todds, Thrailkill and Gordon came swarming up from the flanks, and the bloody work was soon over. No quarter was shown to a single Fed- eral ; perhaps none was asked. The guerrillas say the most of the Federals died fighting — striking with their muskets, stab- bing and thrusting with their bayonets. Major Johnson fired three shots from his revolver, and was then shot out of his sad- dle, a bullet through his temple. Lieutenants Jaynes, Gill and Moore escaped, being mounted. ' ' Anderson and Poole kept on for the ' fourth men ' hold- ing the horses, and in five minutes were in Centralia. Fifteen men were killed between the field and the village. Lieutenant Jaynes, (now living near Hunnewell, Shelby county, ) was the first in town from the scene of carnage. Captain Theis tried to form his company and fight, but before he could do so the guerrillas were upon them. All that could then set out for C. A, CHASE COMPANY L. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, 198 Sturgeon. Fifteen of Theis's company (H) were killed in Cen- tralia and on the road to Sturgeon. Some were killed in out- houses, and one was murdered by the bedside of a sick lady. One citizen was killed by the guerrillas. ''Out of the 147 men under Johnson's command but 23 es- caped, for 123 were killed, and one, Frank Barnes, of Company H, was wounded — shot live; times. Com})any A lost 56 men killed, including Captain Smith ; Company G, 51 men killed ; Company H, 15 killed, 1 wounded. The guerrillas lost but 3 killed and 10 wounded. Major Johnson had a small piece of his scalp taken. Six or eight others were scalped, and Sanniel Bell, of Company G, was mutilated in a revolting manner not to be described. Some of the bodies were buried at Mexico. Missouri ; others by tlie citizens at Centralia. Friends came and carried away many. Major Johnson was l)uried in Mar- ion county, not far from his home. ••It is but pro})er that I should say that the i'c})orts which have been circulated that Major Jolmson carried a black flag at the head of his command ; that he cursed and sAvore at the citi- zens of Centralia, threatening them with tlire vengeance when he should return from the l)attlefield, and that he was drunk a1 the time and did not know what he was doing, are all cruel and malicious slanders wholly without foundation. Major Johnson was a school teacher, and sometimes officiated as a minister. He was an honorable. Christian gentleman, temperate at all times, and the people of Centrali:i say he s])()ke kindly to and with sympathy for them. He perhaps did not know how largely the guerrillas outnumbered his men. but no doiil)! if he had he would have moved against them just the same. lie >aid, • I will tight them anyhow." •'The guerrillas carried from two to six Colt's navv re\(»ivei's each, and were (|uite proficient in their use. Their iiorse> were also the lu^st in Missouri. The Federals had only muskc^ts and bayonets for arms, and generally miserable hacks of horses. •' Frank James, the noted bandit, was at (V.ntralia. a ni< ni- ■25 1 94 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. I)er of Anderson's company. His brother, Jesse, was not ])resent. ' ' About one month afterward, (October 27th,) this fiend incar- nate with the rank of Captain in the so-called Confederate army, and so recognized by that chief of ' • skedaddlers, " Gen- eral Sterling Price, was killed during the ' ' Price raid ' ' in Missouri, near the town of Albany, on Fishing creek, in the southeast portion of Ray county, in an engagement with a de- tachment of the Third Regiment M. S. M. , and was buried in an old cemetery at Richmond, a town in Ray county, about ten miles northeast from Albany. The following in reference to this desperado is from the Illustrated History of Missouri, by Colonel W. F. Switzler : ''Upon the body of the brigand Anderson was found three hundred dollars in gold, one hun- dred and fifty dollars in treasury notes, six revolvers, and sev- eral orders from (renend Price. Dano;linff from both sides of the bridle of Anderson's saddle horse were several scalps of hu- man heads. This statement has often been denied, but it is true." The following are two of General Price's orders: (Special Order.) Headqxtarters Arimy of Missouri. Boonp:ville. October 11th. 1864. Captain Anderson with his command will at once proceed to the north side of the Missonri river, and permanently destroy the North Missouri railroad, g'oing as far east as practicable. He will report his operations at least every two days. By order of Major fxeneral Price. McLEAN. Lienk'iKtfU Colonel and A. A. e\('ii of the enemy wounded. A rebel Major Bowie and a Captain Kee were so severely wounded that they could not he iii(»\ed, and wei*e left at a house in charge of Assistant Surgeon Looby of the rebel army. Assistant Surgeon Barrett, also of the reix'l army, was ordered to accomi)any the woiuided rel)els to the city. On arriving at the city the wounded were sent to hospital, and at tive o'clock i'. m. tlie regiment with the cavalry ili\ision. in conunand of Brigadier Oeneral Sanborn, were or- dered to pursue the retreating enemy and attack his rear at every favorable opportunity. This order was strictly obeyed, and the fa\(M:il>le opportunity was frequent. 'Hie oi)jeet of lhi> movement was not to bring on a gi'ueral engagement, luit to harass and delay the enemy in ordei- that reint'oreement^ uhieli were now on a rapid march migiit over- take him and give him iiattle. The i-avalry division performed it-- work well. The division left the city on the road leading to the town «»f California, and camped for the night on a branch 196 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. of Morean creek, about nine miles distant west from the city. On the 9th it marched at daylight, and attacked the rear of the enemy about nine o'clock a. m., at a small town called String- town. Passing througli Russell ville, we arrived at California about dark. Here the enemy was so closely pressed that he was obhged to halt and give us battle, but he soon retreated and gave us possession of the town. On the morning of the 10th we were again in pursuit. Passed through Clarksville, a small station on the Pacific railroad, about nine o'clock. The station house and a warehouse had lieen fired and were still Inirning. At twelve o'clock we were at Tipton. This town for some reason had not been molested by the enemy. At dark we camped about twelve miles distant from Booneville, the county seat of Cooper county, near a small town called Coal Bank. Here a wounded rebel was taken prisoner. On the 11th, when about eight miles distant from Booneville, a portion of the divis- ion was ordered toi move up to Wilkinson's liridge on 8ahne creek, and from there seven miles to the road leading to George- town. Remaining at this place until one o'clock on the morn- ing of the 12th, we returned to Wilkinson's bridge. The ene- my had l)een so greatly annoyed and delayed that he turned his forces upon us and determined to give us battle — but we de- clined ""with thanks. "" and countermarched through the little town of Pisgah to California, ai-riving at that place at sunset. The expected reinforcements tirrived during the night, and after "drawing rations'" on the morning of the 13th the march to the front was commenced on the same road the march of the previous day had been made. We passed tlirough the town of Pisgah and left the road leading to Booneville Avhen within about eight miles of the latter place, and p;issed through the towns of Palestine and Bellair. cam])ing at Nebo Church, on the road leading to (leorgetown. At' this place Surgeon Lo- throp was ordered to re}:)ort for duty to C^olonel J. F. Phillips. Seventh Missouri State Militia, commanding First Brigade, as "Senior Surge(m" — there))y placing Assistant Surgeon Hervey HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 19 ( in charge of the medical department of the regiment. On the inornino; of the l-ith the command marched at five o'clock on the road leading to Georgetown, and reached that place about noon. After halting a short time it marched in a northeasterly direction on the road leading to the town of Lexington, the county seat of Lafayette county, situated on the Missouri river. After marching seventeen miles we camped about eight p. m. near the little town of Dunksburg, at a crossing of a road lead- ing from \A^arrensburg to Marshall, the county seat of Saline count}'. On the 15th General Price's army was reported to I)e at Marshall. The command marched at two o'clock p. m. and camped at Cook's Store, a little town in the southeastern part of Lafayette county, twenty-three miles distant southeast fi-om Lexington. On the 16th reconnoissances were made by the First and Fourth Regiments Missouri State Militia in the direction of Waverly, a town on the Missouri river. The town of Sedalia was captured by the enemy about two p. m. yester- day, and he is reported to ))e marching on Warrensburg. 1 Ttli. The enemy held possession of Sedalia but a short Time. The conmiand countermarched and camped on the south fork of Black river. This evening the enemy attacked our pickets, (xenerals A. J. Smith's and Pleasanton's forces are at Sedalia. General Rosecrans has taken the field, and a reor- ganization of the army has taken place. General Smith is in command of the infantry, and General Pleasanton in command t»f the cavalry, and preparations are made for a swift and vig- orous campaign. The regiment is ordered to report to (xeneral Hosecrans as body guard. On the 19th the regiment marched to Sedalia, and on the •joth. General Rosecrans having arrived from St. Louis, we rcj)oi'ted to iiini for duty. At twelve o'clock we marched, and camped at ten o'clock i*. M. at Dunksburg. On the even- ing of the 21st we camped at Lexington, having made a hard day's march, (ieneral Price left this place this morning (21st), 198 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. with General Pleasanton in so close pursuit as to compel Price to halt and do some fighting with severe loss. On the 22d General Blunt with his forces from Kansas were in the enemy's front, while General Pleasanton with his cavalry tmd artillery was pressing his rear. During the night couriers reported the capture of two pieces of artillery, and 500 of the enemy taken prisoners. On the morning of the 23d we marched at six a. m., and arrived at Independence, the county seat of Jackson county, at dark, liaving marched forty miles. During the march a report of the capture of another piece of artillery and 2,000 men ta- ken prisoners was received. The 1:) ridge over Little Blue river was burned by General Blunt to impede the progress of the enemy. A severe engagement occurred at Westport, a town about five miles distant south from Kansas City, between the advance of General Price's army and General Blunt's forces. At the same time a severe engagement occurred between the rear of Price's forces and the force under General Pleasanton at Byram's Ford, on the Big Blue river. Distance marched, forty miles. 24th. Marched this morning, taking the road leading to Little Santa Fe, in Johnson county, Kansas, near the Missouri State line. Passing through the little towns of Raytown and Hickman's Mills, we reached little Santa Fe at dark, marching a distance of thirty miles. On the 25th we left Little Santa Fe in a severe rain storm. Marched southerly by the way of the Kansas and Missouri State line road. Passed through the little town of Janesville, in Cass county, and camped at a place called ''Cold Spring Grove," on a broad and extensive plain, in Miami county, Kansas. Distance marched, thirty-five miles. This place is called Cold Spring Grove from the fact that a large spring of clear cold water issues from the earth, surrounded b}' a grove of timl)er. There is no other grove of timber within view. During the day we passed over many miles of prairie. « HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 199 with nothing but prairie and the broad expanse of heaven with- in the range of vision. Neither wood nor water could be ob- tained. In the meantime our forces had engaged the enemy at various times and places. He had suffered great loss, and was now in a most demoralized retreat for the Arkansas river. Having received relial)le information as to the defeat of Gen- eral Price's army, General Rosecrans with his body guard left Cold Spring Grove on the morning of the 26th at daylight, and countermarched to Missouri, arriving at Warrensburg, the county seat of Johnson county, on the morning of the 27th, hav- ing passed through the towns of Janesville, Harrison vi He, Pleasant Hill. Kingsville and Haden. Here reports were re- ceived of the complete rout and demoralization of the enemy- Five pieces of artillery and a large portion of his train were captured, and a large numl)er of his men taken prisoners, among whom were Generals Marmaduke, Cabell, Crawford and others. October 31st. Generals Marmaduke, Caliell and CraAvford. with a large number of prisoners, were brought in to-day. This was a most disastrous campaign for rebeldom. General Price had been assured that Missouri was again ripe for rebell- ion, and that an army of 25.000 men would rally to his sup- port as soon as he entered the State. Information from relia- l)le sources show that about 0,000 men joined his army ; and much of this material was composed of marauding bands of guerrillas and desperadoes who had again infested the State. The enemy was pursued along the Kansas and Missouri State line into the Indian Territory, to a place called Weber's Falls, on the Arkansas river, about fifty miles west from Fort Smith. Genei'al Price's army of a1)()ut 30,000 men became little more than a demoralized mob of a fcAv thousand men. with no train, and with but two pieces of artillery saved from capture. This was essentially a cavalry and artillery campaign. General Sanborn's cavalry division, by harassing the enemy, caused delay, and gave General Pleasanton with his command an op- 200 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. portunity to overtake him. General A. J. Smith's infantry were veterans and rapid '•'marchers.'" but the enemy was still more rapid in his retreat, and the cavalry so impetuous in their at- tacks and pursuit, that General Smith's veterans could but sel- dom get sufficiently near the retreating forces to ol)tain a smell of powder upon their war worn battle-flags. On the morning of November 2d General Rosecrans, with a portion of his staff officers and nine pieces of the captured artillery, left Warrensburg for St. Louis by the way of the Pacific railroad. A detachmeat of the regiment accompanied him as train guard. The remaining portion left at eight a. m. for Jefferson City. Passing through Sedalia, Farmer's City. Smithton, Otterville, Syracuse, Round Hill, California, Look- out Station, we arrived at Jefferson City at about three o'clock p. M. of the 6th. A severe rain storm followed by a snow storm set in soon after leaving Warrensburg. and the weather became extremely cold. Snow fell to the depth of from six inches to a foot, and there was much suffering among the men. November 8th. Election day. Polls were opened, and the result of the ballot was : For President — 391 for Lincoln, 2 for McClellan, and 1 blank. The returns from Clinton county gave a unanimous vote of 2S for Lincoln. On the 9th we were ordered to march for St. Louis. On arriving at the Morean river, on the road leading to Arrow Rock, it was found that the river was impassible by fording, on account of the high stage of water, and we countermarched to a camp in a grove al)out one mile distant south from the city, antl an order to a^vait transportation hy boats, which had already been ordered to be furnished, was received. This was another cold and disagreeable day, snowing and freezing, and the men suffered much from exposure. On the 12th two steamers arrived to transport us to St. Louis. Assistant Surgeon Hervey was placed in charge as medical officer of one of the boats. A portion of the veter- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 201 ans k'ft the city on the 13th and the remainder on the 14th, ,111(1 arrived at St. Louis on the 15th and 16th. On the trip to St. Louis we came in contact with a number of snags and sand- l)ars, but had a very enjoyable time. The veterans were now once more in quarters at Benton Bar- racks. We remained at St. Louis until December 19th, pre- paring for active service in the field again. Major General Kosecrans expressed himself as greatly pleased with his veteran body guard, and the many favors granted the ''boys"' while in the city was conclusive proof of the sincerity of his commenda- tions. The hospital was especially favored. A new and most roinplete outfit was furnished it. Ample preparations having l)eeu made, the veterans left St. Louis on the 19th by the wa\ of the Ohio & Mississippi and Illinois Central railroads for (auo. Illinois, arriving at that place about seven o'clock i". m. on the 20th. On the next day (21st) we embarked on the steamers Rose Hambleton and Alexander Spear, and arrived at Memphis on tlie inoniing of the 2od, and at the mouth of White river, Arkansas, about ten o'clock on the morning of the •24th. Here we passed the steamer Alexander Spear, having the other jxn'tion of the veterans on board, it having become di>.al)l('d. On the 25th we enjoyed a nice Christmas dinner (jii itoar at that place he assumed coniniand of the rigi- nieiit. During the time the veterans were on furlough and in ser- vice in .Missouri, the non-veterans and recruits, numl)ering 2« ^02 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. some 700, under command of Major J. D. Jenks, were eno:ao;ed in scouting and outpost duty. Up to this time, December 31st, the following additional changes had taken place in the personal history of the regiment : Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Caldwell, Adjutant J. A. Donnell. (Captains Thomas Jones, Company C, David C. Dinsmore, Com- pany I, and .lames P. Crosby, Company M, First Lieutenants Jacob Hursh, Company F, and Charles F. Keeler, Company K. were honorably discharged the service. First Lieutenant Silas K. Nugen, Company K. Captain Thos. H. Barnes. Company K, and First and Second Lieutenants El- kanah S. Foster and Solomon Smith, Company (t, had resigned. Major A. G. McQueen had been promoted to Lieutenant C'olonel, Henry L. Morrill to Adjutant. Second Lieutenant William B. Coulter and Sergeant Christian C. Kaufman. Com- |)any E, to First and Second Lieutenants, and Dr. Asa Morgan commissioned Assistant Surgeon from civil life. At the close of the year 1864 the young State of Iowa, with a population in round numliers of ToO.OOd. liad sent to the tield 75,475 men — almost one-ninth of her population — a most glorious record for the then young State. The militia returns for the year were SB, 600 men. She had sent into the tield forty-eight regiments of infantry, nine regiments of cavalry. :ind four batteries, and man}' of her citizens were found in regiments from Illinois, Missouri. Kansas. Ne])raska. Wiscon- sin, Dakota, and other States. 1865. The autumn of 1864 had been fraught with such glorious re- sults that already the dawn of peace could be distinctly seen in the broadening- rays of an unclouded sun of victory, as it arose in splendor in the eastern horizon on the morning of the New ^'ear. Sheridan had met with unprecedented success in the valley of the Shenandoah. Sherman hatl commenced his memorable march to the sea ; (irant had Lee •' well in hand ;'"' and the Western troops beyond the Mississi[)pi had with characteristic Western energy placed the rel)el hordes in that section in a most demoralized condition, and the young State of Iowa was justly proud of the part her >oldiers had taken in producing this most gratifying conditi(Mi of atfairs. The following official copy of an extract of a dispatch from the self-slylod Governor of Louisiana to the rebel Secretary of War at Hichmond, Virginia, indicates the condition of atiairs in that portion of the so-called Southern (Confederacy : Headquarters Military Division of Wkst Mississipi'i. New Orleans, Loihsiana. ()ctol)ei- llth. 1«64. • iKNERAL Orders No. 58. The subjoined extract from a dispatcli from Htitr/^ W. Allen, styling liimself (4overDOi- of Louisiana, to the Rebel Secretary of War. is pub- lished for g-eneral information : Executive Office, Shreveport. Louisiana, September 26tlj. 18«4. Hon. .Iamf.s A. Seddon, Secretary ol War, Richmond, Virginia: yfy Dear Sir: ***** xiie time lias come for us to put into the ariii> fvcry able-bodied negro man as a soliUer. This should be done immediately. CongresJ* 204 HISTORY OF FIE8T IOWA CAVALRY. should, at the coming session, take action on this most important question. The negro knows that he cannot escape conscription if he goes to the enemy. He must play an important part in the war. He caused the fight, and he will have his portion of the bur- den to bear. We have learned from dear bought experience that negroes can be taught to fight, and that all who leave us are made to flglit against us. I would free all able to bear arms, and put them into the field at once. They will make much better soldiers with us than against us, and swell the now depleted ranks of our armies. I beg you to give this your earnest attention. With assurance of my friendly regard and very high esteem, I remain, [Signed, I Very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY W. ALLEN, Governor of Louisiana. The class of jjersons to whom it refers will not be conscripted into the armies of the United States. If they come within our lines all will be freed, and they will be received and treated as refugees. They will be accepted as volunteers, or will be employed in the public ser- vice, and their families will be cared for until they are in a condition to care for them. If a draft should become necessary, no discrimination against them will be made in the enrollment or draft. By order of Major General E. R. S. Canby. C. T. CHRISTENSEN. Official : Lt. Colonel, AssH Adjutant General. , Acting Assistant Adjutant General. It appears that they had learned from dear l)oaght experi- (^nce that negroes could be taught to iight. and "'they will inake much better .soldiers with than against iis, and will swell the now depleted ranks of our armies.'''' Upon our arrival at Little Rock, Arkansas, we found that our comrades, wdio had served faithfully for a period of three years, had been honorably discharged, and had departed for home and citizen life, and that their places had been tilled hy men ready and anxious to maintain the integrity of the Union, and to sustain the reputation for daring deeds and soldierly bearing of the braAc old regiment. Major (jeneral J. J. Reynolds was now in command of the Department of Arkansas and Seventh Army Corps; Brigadier (feneral A. R. West in command of the cavalry division of the Seventh Army Corps ; and Lieutenant Colonel A. G. McQueen, First Iowa Cavalry. Inspector (xeneral of Cavalry. (Second Brigade. ) The regiuK^nt remained in camp, doing scouting and outpost HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 205 duty, until January 22d. On the 6th Dr. Asa Morgan, who had been appointed Assistant Surgeon of the regiment, reported for duty. January 1-ith Major Jenks, with detachments of the First Iowa and other regiments, was ordered by Ijoat to Dardanelle, ;il>()ut one hun(h'ed miles up the Arkansas river, at which place he engaged a rebel force of 1,600 men under General Cooper, killing and wounding DO. For his l)ravery, the successful man- agement and termination of the atifair, he was breveted Lieuten- ant Colonel United States Volunteers. During this time the rebel General Greene, having his head- quarters at Pigeon Hill, in Marion county, on the Ouachita river, a short distance l)elow Camden, and a distance of about eijfhtv miles south from Little Rock, had been attacking our pickets, making forays upon our forage trains, and committing depredations generally. To prevent further annoyance from this source, on the 22d an expedition under the command of lirigadiei" General E. A. (^arr, composed of the following regiments : First Iowa, First and Third Missouri and Tenth Illinois Cavalry, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and the Twenty- tifth Ohio battery — Colonel William Thompson conmianding the Second (^avalry Brigade, and Majoi' fJohn McDermott com- manding the regiment. Lieutenant Samuel T. Craig, Company H, was appointed Brigade Quartermaster, and Surgeon Lo- throp Senior Surgeon of Brigade (Second.) The command left Little Rock about eleven a. m. and marched on the road leading to Pine Bluff, and camped in a severe snow storm, ahout eighteen miles distant from Little Rock. (The account of this expedition and subsequent events is taken from my notes made at the time. ) January 23d. Marched this morning and camj^ed eighteen miles distant from Pine BlulBF, with good water and plenty of wood. Ib'igadier General K. A. Carr and staff' came u]) this evening. .lanuarv 24tli. Marched this niorninjjf at sunrise. Pleasant 206 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA. CAVALRY, weather ; snow gone. Reached Pine Bkiff about noon, and camped about two miles from the town, on the Mt. Elba and Monticello road, in timlier, l^eside a small stream of water. January 25th. The infantry came up to-day. The weathei' has l)ecome cold. The roads are muddy and the mud freezes at night. January 2(.)th. Marched this morning at daylight. The cross road leading to the Mt. Elba road is very bad and our progress is slow. The infantry came up behind us. This evening we are in camp about three miles distant north from the little town of Delhi, on the Mt. Ell)a road, six miles dis- tant from Big creek, a branch of the Saline river, fifteen miles from Mt. Elba and fifteen miles from Pine Bluff. A companv of fifty or sixty rebels are reported to be in this vicinity. January 27th. Marched this morning at six, with three days' rations in om- haversacks. Arrived at Mt. Elba, on the Saline river, at twelve m. A scouting party which had been sent down the Saline river returned, having met a rebel force of sixt>- men under a Captain Snell. The rebels lost two men killed and ten prisoners. Our loss was one killed — name, regiment and company unknown. The pontoon liridge having been laid across the river at this place, (Mt. Elba, ) the cavalry crossed at five p. m. and camped about four miles distant from the river and four miles from Marks' Mills. The infantry remained at Mt. Elba. January 28th. Marched this morning at daylight, and ar- rived at Marks' Mills, on the road leading to Princeton, with- out meeting the enemy. Leaving Marks' Mills, we passed over the old battlefield where Lieutenant Colonel Drake, Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry, fought one of the most heroic battles of the rebellitni l)ut was defeated by an overwhelming force. The shallow graves had been opened by hogs and other animals, and the skulls and other bones of the dead soldiers were exposed to view, and the marks of that severe conflict were everywhere present. Passing on we crossed Moro Bottom or Swamp, the HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 207 scene of the retreat of our regiment less than one year ago. The bridge still remains the same as then, and the old stump on which I sat at the time of the attack upon us is just as promi- nent and inviting as a place of rest as then, and the bottom is still as muddy. When within about two miles of Camden. Lieutenant Dow of Company F having the advance, came upon a force of rebels in connnand of a Major Henry. The enemy i-etreated, followed by the advance guard in hot pursuit. Dur- ing this running engagement private Kimberh% Company D, was wounded slightly in the head. The enemy's loss was one killed, five taken prisoners, and six horses with saddles, etc., • Mjitured. We camped at night about eight miles distant from Moro river l)ridore, at a hamlet called Chambersville. .January 29th. Marched this morning at daylight on the re- turn march. Halted for a time at Marks' Mills, to rest our horses and drive in cattle. Crossed the Saline river about four I'. M., and camped at Mt. Elba at dark. Jaimary 80th. Marched to-day at twelve M..the regiment having the extreme rear guard, and cam})ed fourteen miles dis- tant from Mt. P:iba. .January 31st. Marched this morning at six. and camped two miles distant from Pine Blufl'. on the Mt. Ell)a road, in a wet. muddy place, (swamj). ) F'ebruary 1st. Raining hard this morning. The regiment i> relieved from duty with the brigade, and ordered to Mem- phis, Tennessee. During this expedition tliirty prisoners were taken, and a number of horses and cattle caj)tured. Lieuten- ant Charles W. W. Dow, Company L. is particularly men- tioned for his daring gallantry in leading the advance guard. The rain continued to fall in torrents all day of the 1st and night of the scrond (2d), and our camp presented the appear- ance of a small lake. At about tAvo o'clock in the morning we \ver<' obliged to wade through the water and seek higher ground, and later in the morning our camp was removed to a more comfortable location. The regiment remained at this *208 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. place until February 11th, avvaitinor transportation, at which time one boat arrived from Little Rock, and a portion of the regiment embarked thereon. The remaining portions were obliged to remain until the 14th, at which time they eml)arked on the steamer Sir Willam Wallace, and arrived at Memphi-; on the 16th at 11.30 a. m. The other portion of the regiment arrived during the day of the 17th and went into camp near the city. On the 20th the camp was removed to a place about two and a hqjf miles south from the city. The regiment w^as now in the District of West Tennessee, in cavalry division with the Fifth and Twelfth Illinois, Eleventh New York, First Mississippi, and other cavalry regiments — Brig- adier General R. S. Roberts commanding the district, and Brigadier General E. I). Osliand commanding the division. The following named officers of the regiment were assigned to special duty : Captain R. M. Reynolds, Company A, Acting Assistant Inspector General ; Lieutenant Samuel T. Craig. Company H, Acting Assistant Adjutant General ; Lieutenant C^harles W. W. Dow, Company F, in charge of [)ack train ; and Surgeon Charles H. Lothrop, Senior Surgeon of the brigade. March 3d. The cavahy division, consisting of three brig- ades under the conmiand of Brigadier General Osband, left Memphis without wagons oi' aiiil)ulances, but with a pack train, at 7 a. m., in a sev(>rc rain storm, on the State line road, following the line of the Memphis and Charleston rail- road. Many of the railroad bridges had been destroyed but are being rapidly rebuilt. At night we camped near GermantoAvn. about fifteen miles from Memphis. A wet, disagreeabk^ night. We have been assigned to the Second Brigade. March -Ith. Major General C. C. Washburne assumed com- mand of the district to-day, superseding General Roberts. A railroad train arrived from Memphis with supplies. Ten days' rations and two days' forage having been issued, the conunand. luuk'r Brevet Brigadier General J. P. C. Shank, Colonel Sev- Capt, J. T, FOSTER, COMPANY B. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. '2<»'.» t'lith Indiana Cavaliy, moved at dark due east on the road lead- ing to Colliersville, a small station on the railroad, and oami)ed al)Out two miles from that place, having passed through a s«n'- tion of fine country. March 5th. Marched this morning in a southerly direction, jjassing through a rich portion of country, hut it has heen par- tially tlestroyed by the contending armies in their passage through it. The roads are in a fine condition. We entered the State of Mississippi at a little town peopled by Irish called Non Connah, situated on Non Connah river. The town has heen partially destroyed. Passing through the town of Mt. Pleas- ant, which has also been destroyed, and Lemars. a small station on the Mississippi Central railroad, we camped about one mile from the station, on the road leading to Corinth. A nunibei- of re1)els were seen to-day. Distance marched thirty miles. March 6th. Marched at eight a. m. Passed through Salem, an almost deserted town, and camped at Ripley, a town situ- ated on the Tippah river, in Tippah county, about dark. The connnand remained here until the 9th. Scouting parties were sent out. and a numlier of rebels were discovered -'spying" about our cam]). Foncst with his guerrillas are reported to l)e at Okalona. a station on the Mobile & Ohio raili-oad. Lieutenant Colonel McQueen with a small force has been sent to Hatchietown. to hold M bridge over the Big Hatchie river until luiothcr force which iiMs been sent out to destroy the railroatroyed. ^^'hile guarding the bridge Lieutenant Colonel Mc- (^ueen's pickets had a brisk skirmish with a portion of Forrest's guerrillas, resulting in the defeat and flight of the enemy. Kipley i> a pleasantly located little town, situated ;il»(tut ninety- live miles southeast from Memphis. March 9th. Marched this morning in a cold and scNcre rain >torm. on the road leadtng to Salisbui-N, a station on the Meni- plii> c*^ Charleston r.-iili-oad. Phe line of niardi led o\-er a !ilO HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. mountain range, and during the day the weather became cold and snow fell until evening, at which time the weather became clear and exceedingly cold. We camped at Salisbury, having marched a distance of twenty-seven miles. Several prisoners were taken during the day. March loth. Marched at seven this morning. Passed through Grand Junction and LaGrange, stations on the Mem- })his & Charleston railroad, both deserted towns. The Male and Female (\)llege at LaGrange had been destroyed, and less than a dozen families remain in the town. We crossed Wolf creek at this place. The bridge had l)een partially destroyed, making the crossing difficult. Passing through the town of Moscow, another station on the Memphis & Charleston railroad, we camped about forty miles from Memphis. March 11th. Marched at seven a. m., and arrived at Mem- phis about twelve midnight, in a severe rain storm. From this time until April 8d the regiment was engaged in picket and scouting duty. On the morning of April 3d all of the availal)le force of the I'egiment, with that of the Eleventh New York and First Mis- sissippi CaA^alry Regiments, left Memphis for a tour through the District of West Tennessee. On arriving at Colliersville. a station on the Memphis 'With malice toward none, Mvith charity for all.'' he yielded uj) his pure life, in the interests of Freedom and Na- I HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALUV. 21 1 tional existence. By that dastardly act the mow distrac-ted and poverty-stricken Southern people lost tlieii- hcst aiid Iriiesi friend. In honor of the martyred Pre^^ident, and to show pro})er love and respect for the lanient(!d dead. Major (leneral ('. C. Wash- l)urn issued the following order : Headquakters District of West Tennessee. Memi'IIIs. Tennessee. Api-il 17th. 186.5. (iENEKAL OUUEKS No. 44. The Nation mourns the untimely and violent death of the late I'resi- dent of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. All officers of this command will wear the usual badge of mourninii upon the left arm for thirty days from the date of this order. As a mark of respect to the illustrious dead, the public buildings of the city and all places of military business will be closed this day from sunrise to sunset. l^he funeral gun will be fired at every half-hour, beginning a1 sun- I'ise. and ending at sunset of this day. By order of Major General C. C. Washburn. Official: W. H. MORGAN. Major mul A. A. (1. . Lieut, and Aide de Camp. On tin- IHth, previous arrangement's having Ix-oi made, the following order of procession and services to ho perfoinicd in incMiorv of our lanienled (h-ad President was issued : Headquarters District of West Tennessee. Memphis, Tennessee, April 19th. 1865. T'he following ordei- of procession and services to be performed to- morrow, in memory of our late beloved President, has l)een agreed upon Hy the civil and military authoi'ities : BAND. Two Regiments of Infantry. Two Batteries of Artillery. (Cavalry. BAND. Memi)his Militia. United States Officers, (unattached.) Brigadier (ieneral Chetlain and StafI'. Major General ('ommanding and StatT. 212 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Sailors from the Gunboats. Officers of Navy. Clergy. Mayor and City Council. City Officials. Fire Department. Police Department and City Employes. Masonic Order. Odd Fellows. Euphrates Lodge. Druids. Hebi-ew Benevolent Association. (ierman Casino. Memphis Club. German Turners. Citizens. Colored Societies. Colored Citizens. BAND. Infantry. Ai-tillery. ('avalry. The officers of the navy and clergy will join the procession from thesf headquarters after the passage of the column of militia. The advance of the army will move at 10.30 o'clock a. m. uj) Front street, and as the rear of the advance column passes Union street, the militia will move forward and join the column on Front street. The city authorities and fire companies will form on Monroe street. Societies on Madison street. Citizens on Jetferson street. Colored citizens on Adams street. 'I'he procession will move up Front street to Overton street — wheel- ing to the right through Overton street to Main street — down Main street to Court Square. The infantry, on reaching south side of Court Square, will wheel to the left and form in mass on the south side of the Square, 'i'he artillery and cavalry will pass on until the rear of the cavalry shall reach the south side of the Square. The militia will halt on reaching the south side of the Square and form in mass in Main street, south of the main entrance to the Square. That portion of the column in the rear of the militia will file to the left and occupy Court HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 218 Square, except the fire companies, which will wheel to the left on arriv- ing at the north side of Court Square. The infantry, artillery and cav- alry forming the rear will occupy Main street in front of Court Square. At the Square the following will be the order of ceremonies : Dirge — By band. Hymn — By Rev. Mr. Miller. Reading of Scripture — By Rabbi Tuska. Hymn — By Rev. Mr. Allen. Prayer — By Rev. Mr. Davis. Reading of funeral service — By Rev. Dr. White. Funeral address — By Rev. Dr. Gray. Prayer — By Rev. Mr. Bliss. Benediction — By Rev. Mr. Wheelock. Dirge — By band. If the weather should be too inclement the ceremonies will be post- poned, which fact will be made known by the omission to fire the funeral yun each half-hour. No women or children will be allowed in the pro- cession. ('. C. WASHBURN. Major General. The services were performed auiid a large concourse of citi- zens who had gathered at Jackson Square to witness and assist in the ceremonial. The fall of Richmond on the 8d. and the tmi)i'ecedeiited suc- cess of our armies, and tlie disastrous defeat of the rebels. resulting in disintegration of their armies and the foi-ming of marauding l)ands for pillage and revenge, nuide it necessary that stringent orders he issued for the sup})rcssion of the law- U'ss acts. For this pur])ose the following orders were issued by .Major (lenerai Washburn, and the District of AVest Tennessee -iitl'ered but slightly. l)ecause of the ceaseless activity of our ti(»<)|)> in their etforts to suppress these bands. Farmers were pr(tteeen sent from Alexandria, Louisiana. On July 11th they left Red River Landing, and arrivcMJ at Alexandria at twelve midnight of the 12th. Major General G. A. Custer having assumed command of the troops at Alexandria on June 23d, announced in general orders nmnber one the names of the members of his staff. The regiment (including the other regiments associated with it ) were about to undergo an ordeal which never fell to the lot of any other body of men during the rebellion. This regiment, which had proved its prowess on every battlefield ; had received flattering commendations fi*om Generals Schotield, Herron. Blunt, Rosecrans, Davidson, Steele, Carr. and in fact from every rommander with whom it had served ; had been reported as the tint'st regiment of cavalry in physique and soldierly bearing in the volunteer service by all inspectors of cavalry, and reported ;it the Cavalry Bureau at Washington as being the second best cavalry regiment in the United States service, (the l)est being one of the regular United States regiments) ; this regiment. after four years of faithful, hard and active service, enduring hardship^ and privations, engaged in a most dangerous and dis- agreealde guerrilla warfare during its early service, taking more than 7,000 prisoners and killing and wounding more than 1.000 men during a period of tifteen months of that service— with this most honorable record, an inscrutable Providence decreed t hat it should l)e put to a crucial test as to its patient forbear- an<'e and endurance, when subjected to abuse, wanton neglect. base slanders and atrocicms outrages by one invest«^d with •' brief but misplaced authority.'' Philij) E. Erancis. now residing at Cedar Rapids. Iowa, a 28 218 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. member of Company B, who was present during this unfortu- nate period, writes : ' ^ We had gone through the war ; had camped in Missouri with a foot of snow on the ground ; had lain down in the mud in Arkansas at night to find ourselves frozen to the earth in the morning ; we had wrestled with ver- min in Southern trenches, and doubled up on the discomforts of cold and the pangs of hunger — but, until after the war had closed and we entered Custer's division, the real hardships of camp life had never stared us in our faces. ' ' A most truth- ful narration of the indignities and outrages to which the regi- ment was subjected, of its trials and sufferings, and of the incompetency and inhumanity of the commanding General, is published in the report of the Adjutant General of the State of Iowa for the year 1867, page 507 et sequitur^ written by Lieu- tenant Colonel A. G. McQueen, a copy of which is inserted on subsequent pages in order that justice may be done the brave old regiment, and that this reign of inhumanity shall become a matter of record upon these pages. Lieutenant Colonel Mc- Queen was most faithful in endeavoring to mitigate this most unhappy condition of affairs, and every member of the regi- ment present at that time is under obligations to him for his exertions in their behalf. Copies of two orders issued by Major General Custer, special order No. 2 and general order No. 15, are here inserted as ex- amples of the character and tenor of his orders, as also to a more complete understanding of this matter. They were as follows : Headquarters Cavalry, Alexandria. Louisiana. June 24tli. 186/). (tEneral Orders No. 2. Numerous complaints having reached these headquarters of depre- dations having- been committed by persons belonging to this command, all officers and soldiers are hereby urged to use every exertion to pre- vent the committal of acts of lawlessness, which, if permitted to pass unpunished, will bring discredit upon the command. Now that the war is virtually ended, the rebellion put down, and peace about to be HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 21V» restored to our entire country, let not the lustre of the last four years be dimmed by a single act of misconduct towards the persons or property of those with whom we may be brought iu contact. In future, and par- ticularly on the march, the utmost care will be exercised to save the inhabitants of the country in which we may be located from any molest- ation whatever. As supplies can be obtained from the supply train when needed, there will be no necessity for foraging- upon the country. No foraging parties will be sent out from this command without writ- ten permission from these headquarters, and then only to obtain fresh beef and grain, for which payment will be made by the chiefs of the proper departments at these headquarters. Every violation of this order will receive prompt and severe punish- ment. Owing to the delays of court martials, and their impracticability when the command is unsettled, it is hereby ordered that any enlisted man violating the above order, or committing depredations upon the persons or property of citizens, will have his head shaved, and in addi- tion will receive twenty-five lashes upon his back, xvell laid on. This punishment will, in all cases, be administered under the supervision of the Provost Marshal of the command, who is charged with the execu- tion of this order so far as it in his power. Any officer failing to adopt proper steps to restrain his men from violating this order, or who fails to report to these headquarters the names of those violating it, will be at once arrested and his name for- warded to the proper authority for i)rompt and dishonorable dismissal fi'om the army. The commanding General is well aware that the niim- ber of those upon whom the enforcement of this order will be necessary will be small, and he trusts that in no case will it be necessary. He is also confident that those who entered the service from pi'opei' motives will see the necessity for a strict com])liarnce with the require- ments of this order. (Citizens of the surrounding country are earnestly invited to furnish these headquarters any information they may acquire which will lead to the discovery of any parties violating the foregoing order. Regimental commanders will publish this order to every man in their (• ' put up " all the money they could raise. Neither General Custer nor his staff were aware of any action of the regiment in the matter. A few days before the race was to be run, a soldier called upon the citizen, at the instance, as was reported and believed, of General Custer and his staff, and offered him $1,500 if he would permit without question Gen- eral Custer's horse to win. The citizen refused to entertain the proposition, saying • ' I was not brought up to run horses that way. If your horse is the fastest he takes the money ; if my mare is the fastest she gets it." Afterward he came to the camp and informed us of this dishonorable attempt. On the day appointed the race took place. The General and his staff, HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 241 with their wives in ;iral)ulances, were present. The division hand was also present to assist in celeljrating the victory of "Jack Rucker, " his driver being fantastically arrayed in red, white and blue colors. They were all there to see how easily the General's horse was going to "get away" with the citizen's mare. The distance to be run was six hundred yards. After jockeying on the part of the trainer of the General's horse, the start was made, and the horse. Jack Rucker, was beaten by the little mare. l)y a distance of more than sixty feet. Cheer up- on cheer went u]) from the boys and citizens assembled there to witness the race, intermingled with such expressions as, " How are you. General Custer ?" " Couldn't steal the race this time I " ' ' Why don't you make your band l)low ^ " — -and many other expressions. It is worthy of note that the band did not hlouK that the ladies did not wave their handkerchiefs, and that the General and his stafi', and the band and ambulances retreated in disorder and confusion, and that the regimental pocket had be- come plethoric, with a correspondingly flabby condition of that of the staff. The next day a staff officer came into camp to negotiate for a small loan. It soon became known that • ' that d — d First Iowa Cavalry was at the bottom of it.'" Nov. 2V>th. Lieutenant Samuel T. Craig, Company H, de- tached from his company, and acting as Assistant Quartermas- ter, was by command of General Custer sent to Galveston to [)rocure a nuich needed supply of quartermaster's stores, cloth- ing, camp and garrison equipage for the troops. During this time Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General 8. 1). Sturgis arrived at Austin with his regiment, the Sixth United States Cavalry, with a good supply of clothing, etc., and some necessary supplies were ol)tained from him for the regiment. December 141 h. General Sturgis was in connnand of the First Brigade, and Lieutenant H. S. Heberling, Company B. in charge of the ambulance corps, was by command of General Custer ordered to report (special order No. 10) direct to Gen- eral Sturgis for orders. Lieutenant Colonel McQueen, having 31 242 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. been previously promoted to Colonel and Brigadier General United States Volunteers by brevet, remained in command of the regiment. Colonel Thompson, who had been promoted (March 13th) to Brigadier General United States Volunteers by brevet, was on detached service in the city of Austin, Thus closed the year 1865. The personal history of the regiment during the year was a^ follows : The following named officers received brevet rank United States officers : Colonel William Thompson, Brigacher Gen- eral ; Lieutenant Colonel Alexander G. McQueen, Colonel and Brigadier General ; Major James D. Jenks, Lieutenant Colonel ; First Lieutenant and Adjutant H. L. Morrill, Captain and Major. Major Thomas A. Bereman had resigned, and Captain W. H. Whisenand, Company H, had been promoted to till the va- cancy. Assistant Surgeon Asa Morgan had been promoted to Surgeon of the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry. Hospital Steward Robert T. Newell was promoted to Lieutenant and Commissary. The following ])r()motions had taken place among the line officers : Company A — Second Lieutenant Thomas J. O'Blenessto Cap- tain ; Second Lieutenant Alexander P. Boyce and Sergeant fJauies P. Turner to First and Second Lieutenants. Lieutenant Turner was not mustered into the service as such. Company C — First Lieutenant Thomas J. R. Perry to Cap- tain ; Second Lieutenant Clinton M. Turner and Sergeant George VanBeek to First and Second Lieutenants. Lieutenant VanBeek was not mustered into the service as such. Company I) — Sergeant John C. Hammon to Second Lieuten- ant, but was not mustered into the service as such. Company E — First Lieutenant William A. Coulter to Captain ; Second Lieutenant C. C. Kaufman and Sergeant George E. Ives to First and Second Lieutenants. Second Lieutenant Ives HISTORY OF FIKST IOWA CA\'ALKY. 243 was discharged for disability, and Sergeant Robert Baxter pro- moted to till vacancy, but not nuistered into the service as such. Company F — Second Lieutenant Charles W. W. Dow and Sergeant James C. Huskins to First and Second Lieutenants. Company G — ^Second Lieutenant A. W. Hosford to Captain; priN\ate Ernest A. Klingenberg and Sergeant Eli \\'arring to First and Second Lieutenants. Company H — Fir^^t Lieutenant A. V. McCormick to Captain ; Second Lieutenant Samuel T. Craig and Sergeant George M. Mark to First and Second Lieutenants. Company I — First Lieutenant Amos Dilley to Captain ; and Sergeants Joseph H. Springer and Sanniel M. Lindsay to First and Second Lieutenants. Company K — Second Lieutenant James M. Russell to Cap- tain ; Sergeants Walter W. Carpenter and Charles DuBois to First and Second Lieutenants. Company M — Second Lieutenant Solomon Townsend to Cap- tain : Second Lieutenant George McDouall and Sergeant Ed- ward Ware to First and Second Lieutenants. Second Lieutenant John A. Russell. Company A, and First Lieutenant Edwin A. Dunham, Company M, were honorably nuistered out the service ; and Second Lieutenant William B. Ramsey. Company I), resigned. UKPOKT ')]■' LIEUTENANT COLONEL M( QUEEN. Following is the report of Lieutenant ('olonel McQueen as to the outrageous treatment the regiment suffered at the hands of General Custer; General Custers effort of vindication; Gen- eral Forsyth's endorsement of General Custer's acts ; Lieuten- ant Colonel McQueen's reply thereto ; Surgeon Lothrop's affi- davit as to the untruthfulness of General Forsyth's endorse- ment ; witii orders and other paixMs relating to the matter, as found in the re[)ort of the Adjutant General of the State of Iowa for the year 1867. Also more recent affidavits of officers and men who were present with the command at that time. 244 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ************** The rebellion being now suppressed, and the war virtually ended, the regiment fondly indulged the hope of a speedy muster out of the service. While indulging in this fond anticipation orders were received from Lieutenant General Grant, with silent disappointment by all. for the regiment to proceed to the State of Texas. Pursuant to said ordei' the First Iowa. Twelfth and Fifth Illinois, Second Wisconsin and Sev- enth Indiana Cavalry Regiments commenced embarking on transports for Alexandria, Louisiana. June loth, the advance arriving and report- ing to Major (General Custer, at Alexandria. June 22d and 23d, to whose command these regiments were assigned. But before the troops were fairly in camp special order No. 2 was published to the command. It is as follows : • • Headquarters Cavalry, ••Alexandria, Louisiana. June 24th. 1865. •Special Orders No. 2. "Numerous complaints having reached these headquarters of depre- dations having been committed by persons belonging to this command, all officers and soldiers are hereby urged to use every exertion to pre- vent the committal of acts of lawlessness, which, if permitted to pass unpunished, will bring discredit upon the command. Now that the war is virtually ended, the rebellion put down, and peace about to be restored to our entire country, let not the lustre of the last four years be dimmed by a single act of misconduct towards the persons or property of those with whom we may be brought in contact. In future, and par- ticularly on the march, the utmost care will be exercised to save the inhabitants of the country in which we may be located from any molest- ation whatever. "As supplies can be obtained from the supply train when needed. there will be no necessity for foraging upon the country. ' ' No foraging parties will be sent out from this command without writ- ten permission from these headquarters, and then only to obtain fresh beef and grain, for which payment will be made by the chiefs of the proper departments at these headquarters. " Every violation of this order will receive prompt and severe punish- ment. Owing to the delays of court martial s, and their impracticability when the command is unsettled, it is hereby ordered that any enlisted man violating the above order, or committing depredations upon the persons or property of citizens, will have his head shaved, and in addi- tion will receive twenty-five lashes upon his hack, well laid on. This HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 245 punishment will, in all cases, be administered under the supervision of the Provost Marshal of the command, who is charged with the execu- tion of this order so far as it in his power. '•Any officer failing to adopt proper steps to restrain his men from violating this order, or who fails to report to these headquarters the names of those violating it. will be at once arrested and his name for- warded to the proper authority for prompt and dishonorable dismissal from the army. The commanding Genei'al is well aware that the num- ber of those upon whom the enforcement of this order will be necessary will be small, and he ti-usts that in no case will it be necessary. • ' He is also confident that those who entered the service from proper motives will see the necessity for a strict compliance with the require- ments of this oi'der. ■ • ( 'itizens of the surrounding country are earnestly invited to furnish these headquarters any information they may acquire which will lead to the discovery of any parties violating the foregoing order. ■ • Regimental commanders will publish this order to every man in their commands. ■ • By command of Major General Custer. ■•(Signed.) J. L. GREENE, Asst. Adjt. General. •Official: L. W. Barnhart, Asst. Adjl. General." A true copy : A. G. McQueen, Lt. Col. 1st la. Cav, On the promulgation of this order no little indignation was mani- fested by all the troops, which would be but natural among all honora- ble and high-minded men. who from purely patriotic motives responded to the first call for volunteers to defend and maintain the laws of the country, and endured the privations and vicissitudes incidental to four years' active warfare, to be thus subjected to eternal disgrace, without a shadow of law or precedent ; and rebel citizens, entertaining the most malignant bitterness toward Federal soldiers, ■ • earnestly invited " to become their prosecutors and accusers, without being allowed an oppor- tunity foi' defense : and at the same time know^ing that the numerous complaints mentioned in this preamble to be untrue, so far as this com- mand was concerned. But this insult to the dignity of every good and honest soldier would have been overlooked as a mere threat had their most natural and most reasonable wants have been half supplied as promised in said order, which the sequel will show were not. On July 12th Lieutenant Colonel McQueen, who was placed in charge of the embarkation at Memphis, reported with the balance of the com- mand, when the division was organized as follows : 246 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. First Brigade, Brigadier General Forsyth commanding — Twelfth Illi- nois Cavalry. Seventh Indiana Cavalry. Fifth Illinois Cavalry. Second Brigade. Colonel William Thompson commanding — First Iowa Cavalry, Second Wisconsin Cavalry. The succeeding history of the regiment would be gladly passed over with a simple insertion of its changes, and bring this report, already too lengthy, to a speedy close ; but as the conduct of the regiments and officers composing this division has been reported by Major General Custer as being " infamous and mutinous.'' as a justification for his own impolitic course and unwarranted neglect and abuse of this command the honor of the State and the honor of the regiment demand a vindi- cation of those honest, brave and faithful patriots who comi^osed the regiment from this base slander, heaped upon their fair record by one clothed with brief, misplaced authority. The writer is well aware that in so doing he may overstep the bounds of what might be considered strict military propriety and etiquette, but he will not. in any event, overstep the boundary of truth. The publicity which this difficulty has had in our own State and elsewhere seems to demand an explanation. After the arrival of the command at Alexandria, in pursuance to or- ders, estimates were promptly handed in for all needed supplies for a complete outfit. Requisitions were made on the proper departTuents. properly signed and approved, foi' the necessary clothing, camp and garrison equipage, horses and horse equipments. The regiment here turned over their Sharpens carbines, and drew in their stead new Spen- cer carbines and accoutrements. In time they drew a full supply of horses but no horse equipments, and about one-tenth of the amount of clothing for which requisition had been made, and a very few articles of camp and garrison equipage, notwithstanding many soldiers were almost naked and barefooted. On the 8th day of August, just forty-seven days after our arrival at Alexandria, this command started for Texas, sujiplied as above stated in some things, and as will be hereafter mentioned in other matters. Just before starting, on the morning of the 8th. general orders No. 15 was promulgated, as follows. Special attention is invited to paragraphs one. four. five. six. seven, ten. eleven and twelve of this order : •Headquarters Second Cavalry Division, • ' Military Division of the Gulf. ••August 7th. 1865. "General Orders No. 15. • ■ The command being about to march through a section of country HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 247 which has been beyond the control of the Government for four years, and it being desirable to cultivate the most friendly feeling's vrith the in- habitants thereof, all belong'ing to this command will be required to ex- ercise the most scrupulous regard for the rights and property of those with whom they may be brought in contact. The following rules will be strictly observed. •I. The command will habitually move in columns of fours, omit- ting the usual intervdl betweeti companies, squadrons and regiments. ••II. The commanding otficer of the brigade which moves in rear will detail for that day a guard of one hundred (100) men to escort the train. He will also cause the pioneers of one regiment to march at the head of the train, reporting to the quartermaster in charge. ■ 11 J. One-half of the escort of the train will march in advance, the other half in rear of the train. The officer commanding will regulate his gait by that of the train, and will be held responsible for the good conduct of his men. He will also arrest and bring to these head- quarters any person belonging to the train whom he detects violating any paragraph of this order. • • IV. Brigade commanders will cause a detachment of their provost guard, under command of a commissioned officer, to march in the im- mediate rear of their brigades. It will be the duty of these officers to prevent men from falling out of the ranks or leaving the columns, ex- fe])t under orders. ••V. No enlisted man will be permitted to leave the ranks with his horse, except on duty or when accompanied by an officer. If upon duty, he must be furnished with written authority. A dispatch or re- ceipt foi- same will be deemed proper authority. If found absent from the column in violation of this order, any officer is authorized to seize his horse and equipments and apj)ropriate them for the use of dis- mounted men of the command. Brigade commanders will instruct their officers in command of the detachment of provost guard, in rear of their brigade, to be particularly zealous in carrying out the require- ments of this paragraph. • VI. If it becomes necessary for an enlisted man to leave the ranks to procure water, or attend to the wants of nature, he will be permitted to do so dismounted, leaving his hoi-se to be held by the man mplied with. "By coiamand of Major General Custer. •'L. W. Barnhart. Assistant Adjutant General.^'' All the First Iowa were mounted, but seventy-five or eighty men were not pi-ovided with saddles or bridles. The dismounted men, about two hundred, all belonging- to the First Brigade, were formed into a foot battalion, and required to carry their carbines, accoutrements, with twenty rounds of ammunition, blankets and haversacks, with three days' -ations, and march • • immediately" in rear of the command, which can be imagined to be no easy task in the month of August, with the hot rays of a Louisiana sun beating upon them, besides being almost constantly enveloped in a cloud of dust, such as three thousand cavalry- would I'aise. Those who had horses and were not provided with sad- dles were required to ride their horses bareback, or on such blankets as they had or could procure from their comrades, without having any means for binding them on their horses. The result was that after a few days the horses' backs thus ridden would become scalded, raw and fiy-blown. On numerous occasions those faithful dumb brutes were turned loose by my orders and abandoned, with a foot or more of theii' backbones entirely exposed, and their living flesh being eaten up by large clusters of maggots that were embedded in the flesh and under the skin, presenting a spectacle disgusting in the extreme. It would have been an act of mercy to have shot the animals, but the regulations forbid such. The soldiers thus dismounted were always transferred to the foot battalion. Notwithstanding Government transpoi-ts were leaving Alexandria almost daily for New Orleans, and from thence to Galveston. Texas. these soldiers were compelled to make this trip of two hundred and fifty miles supplied as mentioned, and in the manner thus stated. The Chief ('ommissary of Subsistence took seventeen days' rations of hard bread, sugar and coffee, two days' rations of salt meat, and a limited quantity of salt; no beans, rice, hominy, vinegar, soap, candles, etc.. it is said because the Division Quartermaster failed to furnish transportation for more, while there were hundreds of wagons and mules being sold at public auction daily, at large sacrifices, in New Orleans, Vicksburg. Memphis, and other points on the Mississippi river, as redundant prop- erty, and ten days would have been ample time to have brought them and all other supplies for which this division was suffering to Alexan- dria, instead of seven weeks, and then not furnished. 32 260 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. The order governing the march, with the additions and supplements to general orders No. 15. were cruel and inhuman — such as would have caused barbarous nations in barbarous ages to blush for shame, together with the practice which they engendered. For an instance : Para- graphs five and six of general order No. 15 were decided to mean that neither officer nor soldier was permitted to leave the ranks mounted without written permission from his brigade commander, who very often would be one or two miles in advance, under penalty of having his horse and equipments taken from him. and if a public horse the value of the property thus taken should be charged as a stoppage against the individual on his muster and pay roll : and any officer send- ing a soldier out of the ranks, on business or duty, without a pass prop- erly approved, if such soldier lost his horse, then the horse ridden by said officer was to be taken and the soldier mounted thereon — "such horse is the property of the Government." There were only eleven ambulances in the division. Part of the time seven of these were used for transporting the sick of the command. A portion of the time only six were thus used, the others being at headquarters for the use of offi- cers and their wives. Thus many were required to ride their horses when too sick to sit on a horse without oscillating in the saddle, and not unfrequently the assistance of the friendly hand of a comrade was an absolute necessity. Under these circumstances men would frequently fall from their horses, sick, faint, and left by the roadside insensible, and no friend permitted to remain long enough to administer one sup of the warm water in his canteen — only by leaving his horse to be led in the column and perform the balance of that day's march on foot. If the soldier would fall off near enough the head of his regiment for an officer to write the word "sick" on a. card and pin it on his person before the rear of the regiment would pass, it was done ; and, if seen by the am- bulance corps when it would come up. the soldier would be taken in. provided they had room — which they did not have only by requiring some one already in to walk. How many were thus left, prostrated to the ground with fatigue and disease, to live or die among people hostile to Federal soldiers, is not known ; but that some were there is no doubt. By some of the officers of the First Iowa acting in defiance of these orders, and by the efficiency and faithful vigilance of Assistant Surgeon Hervey, all the sick of the regiment were brought through to Hemp- stead, but one or two died there in a few days after reaching there from the effects of that cruel march. From the manner the whole march HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 251 was conducted a large amount of sickness was inevitable. Every morn- ing reveille was sounded at two o'clock, and the command moved at four o'clock, an hour or more before daylight, and would encamp from ten o'clock A. M. to three o'clock p. Ji. After getting into camp the men were required to graze their more than half-starved horses and attend to other duties. Rations were issued almost every day. but not until late at night, after the arrival of the supply train, when the men should be asleep. It will be remembered that only two days' rations of salt meat were brought from Alexandi-ia ; consequenntly fresh beef was issued every night, which would be killed after" the arrival of the 8upi)ly train, and not allowed time to cool, either before or after slaughtering. After being driven behind the sup^ily train all day. and furnished often at such a late hour at night, it was impossible to cook it properly for want of vessels, salt, and time to procure necessary rest and sleep, while these evils could have been remedied very easily by having the beef cattle and forage train move one day in advance, there being no enemy at this time to molest them. The attention of the com- manding (ieneral was called to these irregular practices, but without effect, and the party reminded of the impertinence of inferiors address- ing august dignitaries. The consequences were diarrhoea and all the diseases incidental to cam]) and the season were prevalent to an alarm- ing extent, which, under paragraph six, general order No. 15, and its kindred supplements, were doubly severe on those who. from necessity. were comi)elled to leave the column while marching. Our horses have been two days at a time without scarcely an ear of corn, with an abundance in the country, but often too inconvenient for the Division Quartermaster to drive off the road with his two-horse carriage to procure it : and when corn was issued it was at such a late hour of the night that by the time the horses were done eating reveille would sound. Officers were thus compelled to purchase corn at their own fXi)ense for their jjrivate hoi-ses — that. too. in violation of para- graph ten, general order No. 1."). for the violation of which Captain I)iiley"s negro servant boy had his head shaved, and in addition thereto received twenty-five lashes on his hare back with a mule whip. i1 is said, in the presence of and to the gi-eat amusement of division head- quarters, for the offense of pulling grass for the Captain's horse in a field that had not been cultivated for years. The practice inaugurated under general order No. lo of capture and re])risal had the most pernicious effect on the discipline and morals of the whole division. Besides brigade provost guards, some regiments de- 252 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. tailed petty provost guards to pick up any soldier who. from necessity, was compelled to leave the column with the hope of being able to start before the rear of his regiment would pass, and by this means obtain property to replace that which was taken from his command in a similar manner ; and. strange to say. there were officers of high rank who were so far lost to all sense of honor, justice and common courtesy as to pros- ecute with zeal those retaliatory practices upon sick private soldiers, when opportunity presented, in order to gratify some petty pique they may have entertained against the soldier's commanding officer or his regiment. However, it is gratifying to be able to say that a large majority of officers deemed it bejieath the dignity of officers and gentlemen to en- gage in this high-handed thieving business, which brought this division, a few months before the pride of all who belonged to it. to be as perfect a pandemonivim as can be imagined, preferring to relieve their officers who lost property in this way from responsibility by action of a board of survey. The general expression and unanimous sentiment of all good and well disposed persons were. "If this be peace give us war.'' On the itth day of August, while marching, Brigadier General Forsyth, com- manding the First Brigade, ordered a forage' on the officers' colored servants, who were marching in the i-ear. and compelled them to de- liver up the officers" private saddles ridden by them, and in some instances officers' body blankets in charge of their servants, and private horses, and had them issued to his brigade ; and excejit in a few in- stances the jn"opei"ty thus forcibly taken was never returned. At the same time thei-e was scarcely an officer at headquarters who was riding a private horse or saddle, or had a private servant hired, but detailed mounted soldiers to perform their menial duty, contrary to their will and in express violation of law. The following is the correspondence on this subject : • ' Headquarters First Iowa Cavalry, •'Camp in the Field, Louisiana. August 9th, 1865. ' • Lieutenant : — I have the honor to call your attention to the fact that, while on the march to-day. Major McDermott, Major Jenks and Lieu- tenant Dow, and other officers of the First Iowa Cavalry, had their pri- vate saddles, and in some instances their blankets and horses, which are also private property, taken from their servants, it is said, for the purpose of furnishing the soldiers of the regiments who have no saddles. The saddles that were taken from the officers of the First Iowa Cavalry HISTORY or FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 253 vvei-e not issued to the men of the regiment, and I have not been able to ascertain what disposition was made of them. I will respectfully ask that some protection might be afforded to the private property of offi- cers of the regiment. Some of the saddles taken were not even of the (Government pattern, but purchased from citizens last evening. • • Very respectfully, your obedient servant. ••A. G. McQueen. Lt. Col. 1st Iowa Cavalry. ■To Lieut. H. L. Mokkill. A. A. A. G. 2d Brigade.''^ See following indorsement : •Headquarters 2d Brig., 3d Cav. Div., •In the Field. August 9th, 1865. • • Respectfully forwarded to headquarters Cavalry Division for con- sideration — approved. • • I would respectfully request that the unequipped portion of my command be allowed to march with their respective companies and regiments, as their fi'iends and bunkmates will gladly loan their saddles part of the time and divide the onerous task of riding without. •'(Signed,) Wm. Thompson, •• Col. 1st loiva Cav., Conidg. 2d Brigade.'' •Headquarters 2d Cav. Div., August 9th, 1865. •• Respectfully returned to Colonel Thompson, commanding Second Brigade, to know if the officers within named were riding private sad- dles at the time their saddles were taken from their servants. • • By command of Major General Custer. ••(Signed.) L. W. Barnhart, A. A. G." ■ • Headquarters 2d Brigade. 2d Division. ••In the Field, August 9th, 1865. • ' Respectfully referred to Lieutenant Colonel McQueen, First Iowa ( "avalry, whose attention is invited to the indorsement from division headquarters. ■ • By order of Colonel Thompson, commanding brigade. •• (Signed.) H. L. Morrill. ■ Lt. and Adjt. 1st Iowa Cav. and A. A. A. G." ■ • Headquarters 1st Iowa Cavalry, •Cajip in the Field. August 9th, 1865. • Respectfully returned, with the remark that to my own personal knowledge the officers within named have ridden none other than pri- vate horses and private saddles during the past four years^ service. Also to state that Major McDermotfs horse and Lieutenant Dow's horse 254 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. have been returned ; also Major Jenks' and Lieutenant Dow's saddles, but Major McDermott's saddle and Lieutenant Dow's body blanket and bridle have not been returned. Neither have the saddles and blankets taken from the line officers been returned, and no clue obtained as to where they have gone, further than that they were taken by Lieutenant Long-fellowf, Company K, Seventh Indiana Cavalry, in charge of the provost guard. A. G. McQueen. " (Signed.) '' Lieut. Col. 1st Iowa Cavalry Commanding.'' • Headquarters 2d Brig. Cav. Divisu)n. •'August 10th, 1865. • ' Respectfully referred to headquarters Cavalry Division, with refer- ence to the report of commanding officer First Iowa Cavalry, which is true and correct. -'Wm. Thompson. Coloiiel Comdg. Brigade.'' "Headquarters 2d Cavalry Division. "August 30th, 1865. • ' Respectfully referred to the commanding officer of the First Brig- ade, who will cause those articles to be returned immediately. ' ' By command of Major General Custer. " (Signed.) J. L. Greene. A. A. Gen." ■ • Headquarters First Cavalry Brigade. "Hempstead, Texas, August 30th, 1865. • ' Respectfully referred to commanding officer Seventh Indiana Cav- alry, who will cause Lieutenant Longfellow to deliver the private prop- erty to the parties claiming it. or so much thereof as has not already been turned over, if the property claimed is within the Seventh Indiana Cavalry. Lieutenant Longfellow will make full report of what has be- come of the property, if taken by him. and return these papers with the same. ' ' By order of Brigadier General Shanks. " (Signed.) J. Q. Reed. Capt. and A. A. G." "Headquarters Seventh Indiana Cavalry, "Camp Forsyth. Texas. August 31st, 1865. " Respectfully returned with the written statement of Lieutenant Longfellow, which is enclosed. The saddles were directed to be seized by myself, in pursuance to the oi-der of Brigadier General Forsyth, commanding First Brigade. They were directed to be turned over to Captain J. H. Elliott, in charge of the foot battalion. It is impossible for me to know whether or not any of the articles are now in my com- mand. (Signed.) Thos. M. Broun, Lt. Col. Comdg." HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAV.\LRY. 255 • Headquaktehs Co. K, 7th Indiana Cavalky. ■Camp Forsyth, Aug-ust 31st, 1865. • Captain J. Q. Reed, A. A. A. O.: ■■ Captain — On the 7th of Aug-ust, and while on the march. I took, by order of Lievitenant Colonel Broun, commandinjj^ the regiment, quite a number of .saddles of the Government pattern from colored servants I'iding with the ■ pack train.' I did not then know to what persons or to what regiment they belonged. I turned everything then captured over t« Captain Joel H. Elliott, commanding dismounted men. The saddles were put on horses, and put into the possession of dismounted men ; hut I do not know in what propoi-tion or to what regiments they wei'e issued. I have none of them in my possession or under my control. ■■Yours very respectfully, ••(Signed,) John D. Longfellow. •• Second Lieut. Co. K. 7th Indiana Cavalry.'''' • Headquarters 1st Cavalry Brigade. ■Hempstead. Texas. August 31st. 1865. • ■ Respectfully returned : attention invited to indorsement of Lieuten- ant Colonel Broun, and report of Lieutenant Longfellow. • (Signed.) John P. C. Shanks. •• Brevet Brigadier General Comdg. Brigade.^" •'Headquarters 2d Division (Cavalry. ■Military Division of the Gulf. " September 1 st, 1865. •■ Respectfully returned to (^olonel Thompson, commanding Second Brigade, for his information. • ■ By command of Major General Custer. ••(Signed.) Jacob L. Greene, Major and A. A. Cent.'''' ' • Headquarters 2d Cavalry Brigade. ■•September 2d. 1865. ■ • Respectfully returned to commanding officer First Iowa (Cavalry for his information. • By order of (^'olonel Thompson, commanding brigade. ••(Signed.) H. L. Morrill. Lieut, and A. A. (?." •Headquarters First Iowa Cavalry, •Hempstead. Texas. September 2d. 1865. • • Respectfully returned, with the remark in reference to the report of Lieutenant Longfellow that some of the saddles taken were of the (rovernraent pattern and some were not. All were private property. '256 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. nevertheless, as up to July, 1864, every officer and private soldier, with few exceptions, owned his own horse and full set of equipments, and to-day quite a number of the soldiers are riding their own equipments, which they purchased by proper authority, and paid for, in preference to running the risk of being so well suited again. The blankets were doubtless • Government pattern " also, yet they wer-e officers' privat property, and for the want of which they have suffered great inconven- ience, there being none to be had in the Quartermaster's department in this division to supply the place of those forcibly taken while in posses- sion of their servants and marching in the place assigned them by the division commander. A. G. McQueen. ■•(Signed,) Lt. Col. 1st Iowa Cavalry, Commanding."'' We arrived at Hempstead, Texas, August 'ieth. with our rations ex- hausted and many of the soldiers barefooted, almost naked and without blankets, and no supplies provided. We will now see how paragraph two. special order No. 2, and paragraph two, general order No. 15. were carried out on their part. On the 28th day of August the chief commissary procured from some place and issued five days' rations of hog jowls and hard bread. The jowls had about one-fifth of the hair still on them, and out of which tusks were taken measuring seven and a half inches in length, and apparently three inches must have been worn off their points by long usage, — a sample of which was sent to and no doubt can be seen with the Historical Society of the State of Wisconsin. The hard bread was perforated by worms, genei-ations of them having taken wings and flown away, leaving numerous progeny still behind. Soldiers who had money purchased supplies in the country, in violation of orders ; but those who had no money were compelled to rob their emaciated horses of a portion of their stinted supply of corn, and by parching and boiling it managed to appease hunger and sustain life for a period of fifteen days, — the numerous appeals of regimental com- manders for relief proving of no avail. During this extreme destitution and intense suffering a party of soldiers of the Seventh Indiana and Twelfth Illinois Cavalry regiments were arrested for killing a beef run- ning on the prairie, and had their heads shaved, and in addition re- ceived twenty-five lashes on their bare backs, without trial or any op- portunity for seU-defense. at a time, too. when the command was settled. At the time these arrests were made, some fresh beef was found in one of the wagon trains, and Horace C. Cure, Company M, First Iowa Cav- alry, a brave, honest and faithful veteran soldier, was arrested on sus- picion of knowing who bi-ought this beef into the train, and because he Capt. THDMAS H, BARNES COMPANY K. HLSTOKY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 257 would not or could not tell who the party was, had his head shaved and received twenty-five lashes on the bare back, without trial or any op- portunity for self-defense, when it could be proven that he had nothing to do in bringing- it there, and it is not yet known that he knew who the party was. Had a repetition of this barbarous and inhuman punishment been attempted on the person of a First Iowa soldier in direct violation of law. or precedent, the consequences would have been lamentable in the extreme, (^n arriving at Hempstead it was ordered that all mail mat- ter should be forwarded through the Provost Marshal of the division, and it is here worthy of note that as yet the writer has not known of a single communication of his to his friends, or relatives, at home oi' elsewhere, during a period of two months, sent thi'ough that channel. that has ever reached its destination. A statement of our grievances having reached Washington, through irregular channels of official com- munication, a report was called for by the authorities, to show cause for this -cruel and inhuman treatment."" The commanding (xeneral in one wholesale charge denounced the character of his entire command, especially regimental commanders, as infamous and mutinous : and what, is remarkable, makes use of the following expression in the same repc"t containing the denunciation referred to above, dated Hemp- stead, October 26th, 1865, to wit : -I am happy to say that to-day no better behaved regiments are included in the volunteer force than those now composing my command."" During the latter part of September, a few weeks previous to the date of said report, the First Iowa was inspected by Colonel Vollum. Surgeon U. S. A., and Medical Director Department of Texas, and by Major Harrison, U. S. A.. Special Inspector of Cavalry, and immedi- ately after the inspection was completed the writer asked those officers if they had any suggestions to make in the way of improvement. Col- onel Vollum replied in these words, in the presence of quite a number of oflRcers of the division, to wit : ■ • No. Colonel — you have the best regiment on the ground or in the department" — Major Harrison assent- ing to the remark. But as special orders No. 2 was promulgated before the First Iowa was under General Custer's command twelve hours, and before he knew anything about the regiment, it might be well to refer to the following reports as to the previous character of the regiment, in contrast to the sweeping charges of Major (ieneral Custer above re- ferred to. The reports of Acting Assistant Inspector (General Lieuten- ant S. M. Lake, Captain E. J. Myers, Captain R. M. Reynolds and 258 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Lieutenant Hitt, for the months of Mai'ch. April, May and June. 1865. at Memphis, Tennessee. The writer, being on duty at headquarters in Memphis in the month of June, knows from personal knowledge that those ofilcers mention the regiment in the most satisfactory, and even very complimentary terms in their i-eports. Also Captain C. S. Bow- man. U. S. A., Special Inspector of Cavalry, in his report of an inspec- tion made at Alexandria. Louisiana, about four weeks after reporting to (leneral Custei*. mentions the First Iowa as being ■ • the finest regi- ment and the best officered in the volunteer service." Additional evi- dence can be produced to establish the gross injustice of those charges made against a body of men who sacrificed nearly everything they pos- sessed to defend law and order, by one clothed with temporary power. as a justification for violating law and the common instincts of human- ity. But this will suffice. While encamped at Hempstead the regiment was engaged in drilling •'exclusively in the school of the platoon." dismounted in the forenoon and mounted in the afternoon, and endeavoring to obey a series of vo- luminous, threatening and conflicting orders, general and special, and individual in.structions, with as little prospect of success as to attempt making a rope of the sand on the Sahara desert. A copy of general order No. 19 is enclosed, the absurdity of which will be apparent : •HEADyUAKTEK.s 2l) UiV. CaV., MIL. DiV. OF THE GULF. ••September 9th. 1865. '•(iENEHAL Orders No. 19. ••Until further orders mounted drill in the forenoon will be discon- tinued. Dismounted drill will be substituted therefor. The horses of the command will be taken out to graze at seven a. m. Recall from grazing will.be sounded at ten a. m. Grazing will be conducted as fol- lows : The grazing details from each regiment will invariably be under charge of a field officer. One officer from each squadron must be sent in charge of the horses and men from each squadron. One man to every fo\u' horses will be detailed to conduct the horses to and from the grazing ground and to take charge of them while grazing. All other officers and enlisted men * for duty' and subject to drill will be exercised at dismounted drill. The number of men on drill must at least be three times that of those detailed to attend to grazing. Regimental commanders, by employing convalescents and servants upon grazing detail, (;an increase the number of men on drill. Hereafter brigade commanders will forward to these headquarters by eleven A. M. each HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. '259 day a report for the preceding day, showing the number of officers and men from each regiment employed on grazing detail, and the number of officers and men from each regiment engaged in dismounted drill. In case the above reports are not received in these headquarters at the hour specified, the brigade commander from whom the report is due will be requii'ed to make an immediate report in person. ■ • By command of Major (xeneral Custer. •'(Signed.) Jacob L. Greenk, Major and Assistant Adjutant General. ••Official: H. L. Mokkill. Lieut, and A. A. A. O."" The absurdity of this order is apparent, for after deducting the number of men on dismounted duty, and the sick in hospital and in quarters, the regiment lacked one hundred and thirty-eight men of hav- ing enough to leave three times as many men drilling as were grazing horses. It was then peremptorily ordered that officers' colored sei-vants and convalescents in q uarters be employed to graze horses in order that the terms of the order might be carried out, for the non-compliance of which orders all were denounced as ••infamous and mutinous." By the interference of the War Department at Washington all obnoxious ordei's were rescinded. On October 29th the division marched for Austin, the Capital of the State, where it arrived on the 4th day of November. Here comfortable cantonments were erected for the men. and the regiment permitted to behave in a soldierly manner without molestation from division head- quarters, and regimental and company commanders permitted to exer- cise the functions of their respective positions in discipline and man- aging the internal affairs of this command. It is here worthy of remark that, during this period of confusion and misrule, not a single man of the First Iowa, except Horace C. Cure, was ai-rested by any guards for any olTense but of the most trivial natiu-e, and not in a single instance was any brought before a court martial. The writer feels it but simple justice to acknowledge his grateful thanks to the officers and enlisted men for their universal good behavior and manly deportment during a period of so much aggravation and needless suffering. The thanks of the whole regiment are especially due to Sur- geon C. H. Lothrop. for the special and unfailing interest taken in the welfare of the sick of the regiment, in providing medicine from irreg- ular sources to supply the deficiency caused by the criminal neglect of those whose duty it was to provide a supply. The headquarters of the regiment remained at Austin during the re- 260 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. mainder of their term of service. But detachments were stationed for a few weeks at a time at different county seats from the borders of the Indian Nation to the southern portion of the State, for the purpose of preser\'ing- order and assisting the civil officers in enforcing- civil law. during the session of their courts, which could only be done by the presence of Federal soldiers. By order of the War Depar-tment. Major (ieneral (.'uster and all his staff officers were discharged the service of the United States, on Feb- ruary 1st, 1H(5(3. and left Austin some time during the night of the 5th Our ex-commanding (Ieneral disclaimed being the originator of the cruel treatment of this division of veteran troops, the ti'uth of which no person seemed to doubt, but which only demonstrates the fact that all weak men will depend upon another for support, whether superior or inferior in position. On the loth day of February the First Iowa were ordered to be mus- tered out of service, and left on the 19th inst. for Davenport, where they arrived on the 13th day of March, where in three days after arriv- ing the entire regiment were dischai'ged. paid off. and dispersed for their homes to resume their peaceful avocations, after an absence of nearly five years' active campaigning in the service of their country. Lieutenant Henry L. Morrill, regimental Adjutant, is particularly deserving of honorable mention for his long and efficient services as an officer and soldier, and especially for the valuable aid in superintending the making out the final muster out papers of the regiment. On account of not having the regimental records at hand, many deeds of individual heroism which might with propi-iety be mentioned are omitted in this history. The number and the names of those be- longing to the regiment who died and were killed in battle have already been reported to your office, and 1 will tiaist to the pen of the future historian to speak so that their immolation will not be forgotten. Very respectfully yoiu- obedient servant. A. G. McQUEEN. Late Lt. Co/. Cwiudg. 1st loiva Cav. Vet. Vol.. ear very singular to any reflecting mind how Greneral Custer can charge this court with entertaining sym- pathies so strong Ln common with the enlisted men charged with the grossest crimes as to render their actions -mere mockery." and defeat- ing the very aim it was intended to promote, when he admits in his re- port tha the sentences passed by said court, composed of officers of his command, he deemed too severe and requested their mitigation- This 268 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, court continued in session at Alexandria until the 4th or 5th of August, and tried ten or twelve cases, and as it was on the eve of adjourning to meet at Hempstead. Texas, after the then contemplated march was com- pleted, rieneral Custer sent a message to this court, which he deemed a few weeks afterward a "mockery," thanking them in the most ear- nest and complimentary terms for their diligence and satisfactory dis- charge of their duties as a coui-t. On our arrival at Hempstead, Texas, owing to some of the members being absent, a new court was organized and every member of the late court present was re-detailed. This court continued in session at Hempstead and Austin until the Second Wisconsin ( Javalry officers were ordered away, at which time a new court was organized and all the remaining officers retained, 1 being re- tained still as president. This court remained convened until the case of Lieutenant C. C. Kauffman, First Iowa Cavalry, came before it. charged as follows, viz : "Charge — ("ondvict unbecoming an officer and gentleman. "Specification — In this, that Lieutenant C. C. Kaufifman, Company E. First Iowa ( 'avalry, did appear in the presence of the Major General commanding, and a party of ladies, in a state of gross intoxication. This at or near Hempstead. Texas. October 27th, 1865." These charges were drawn up by Major J. L. Greene, Assistant Ad- jutant General on Custer's staff and judge advocate for the court. To these charges Lieutenant Kauffman declined to plead for want of speci- fication. The case being referred to the court, it was decided that the judge advocate should i-evise the charges and state more specifically what the accused had done to render his conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman, and the court adjourned until next day. I had not been in my quarters but a short time when I received an order disbanding the court, and another convening another, leaving oft' 'A 'majority of the tneniher.^ of the fonner court. I among the number. Whether the coiu-t erred in this decision I am willing any man of ordi- nary intelligence should judge. This incident did not occ\ir for several weeks after General Custer's report was made. The charge that the officers, without exception, sanctioned the thiev- ing and robbing of which Custer complains, is too base and absurd to i-eceive much notice, being willing to let my character both in the army and citizen life speak for itself, as well as for the balance of the officers of the First Iowa Cavalry. But will simply say that General Custer never made any appeal or sent any complaint to me, or to any other offi- cer of the First Iowa Cavalry, so far as my knowledge extends, about the HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. '269 regiment being unrestrained, or even lax in discipline in any way. Neither had I any intimation but that its conduct was entirely satisfac- tory, until I received a synopsis of Custer's report a few days after it was written, and even that through unofficial sources. Whatever of this charge may be true of other regiments, it does not apply to the First Iowa Cavalry. While in Alexandria the regiment was encamped about three miles from the village, where General Custer's headquar- ters were located, and over two miles from any other troops, and I do not remember of a single complaint being made to me, as regimental commander, or to any other person, of any depredations being commit- ted on either the person or property of any citizen, notwithstanding the people residing in the surrounding country brought produce into camp daily for sale. There were thi'ee planters residing within twenty rods of our camp, and many others not far distant, and in all my conversation with those planters, not one of them ever expressed any fears as to the safety of their persons or property, either by day or night. (4eneral Custer calls to mind two instances where parties were led by officers of the First Iowa Cavalry through the country on plundei*- ing expeditions, and one of these parties under charge of the Adjutant of the regiment, and while trespassing on the premises of a citizen nine miles from camp. etc. The Adjutant (Henry L. Morrill) had my permission to go into the country to purchase some peaches, which I was empowered to grant, and took with him four or five of the enlisted men on duty at regimental headquarters. While out they came near the premises of one Walter Graham, a wealthy citizen, a graduate of the Military Acad- emy at West Point, and lately an officer in the Confederate ai'my, who. in company with his son, armed with a gun, made an attack on two sol- diers who crossed the bayou and got into an uncultivated enclosure, threatening to shoot them, etc. The Adjutant, from the opposite side of the bayou, told them that those soldiers were under his charge, at which Graham used very abusive language, and leveling a pistol at the Adjutant threatened to shoot him, etc. A colored servant with the party, being the only person of the number that was armed, gave the Adjutant a revolver, when he ordered Graham to drop his pistol "or he would blow his bi-ains out." This order Graham obeyed, and the Adjutant crossed the bayou, ari-ested Graham, and was taking him to Custer's headquarters. Graham complaining of sickness, was permit- ted to remain at the first house, with the promise that he should report 270 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. at five o'clock that evening. The Adjutant proceeded direct and re- ported to General Custer, who gave him an order -to me to send an offi- cer and a detail of soldiers to bring Graham to his headquarters imme- diately, which was done, and while Graham was at my headquarters admitted the facts as above stated to be correct, justifying himself upon the ground that no man had any right on his grounds. By General Cus- ter's request the Adjutant made a statement in writing and sent it vrith the sworn statements of the enlisted men to his headquarters. I never heard anything more about the case until I saw the perversion of facts in General Custer's report. It is not very probable that a party of sol- diers would go into the country on a plundering expedition wholly un- armed, and when a citizen would remonstrate with them be the first to report the facts to the highest authority. As to the other party mentioned. I never heard of it. and do not be- lieve that ever any such party' was out from the First Iowa Cavah-y. or I as regimental commander would have known of it. I have known Adjutant Morrill for the last six yeai-s, having served under me as a private soldier and non-commissioned officer in Company A, and I can say that nothing can be inore inconsistent with the disposition and character of this officer than this charge of General Custer, as he has always shown himself to be a high-toned gentleman, both as an officer and soldier, and at this time no citizen in the community in which he resides is more honored and respected than he is. I admit that some dissatisfaction did exist in the First Iowa Cavalry about being retained in the service after serving over four yeai's. But I do most emphatically deny that it developed itself in the manner General Custer charges, or to any extent to cause alarm. I cannot speak advisedly as to other regi7iients. but such was not my impression at the time. The next night after special orders No. '2 were promulgated fourteen of the First Iowa Cavalry did desert the service, on account of said order not allowing them opportunity of defense in case of accusation, and being too sensitive about the disgrace to which they were subjected. Four others, who were on detached duty, deserted while on the march from Alexandria, on account of their horses being taken from them without just cause, and they required to march on foot, which are all that deserted from the First Iowa. In this connection I would refer you to my repoi^t made to your office last July, and desire to make it a part of this answer. (See ante. — A. O.) Again : General Custer states that he was located hundreds of miles HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 271 from his next superior officer, without means of immediate communi- cation, etc. During: a period of forty-seven days this command re- mained at Alexandria, both private and Government transports leaving daily, and it only required forty-eight hours to make the trip to New Oi'leans and back, and officers passed backward and forward fre- quently. So much for this statement. In regard to the case of private Horace Cure. C'ompany M. First Iowa Cavalry. General Custer makes a very singular misstatement of facts. Private Cure was not charged with killing the beef spoken of, but because he would not tell who brought some fresh beef into the camp of a wagon train of which he was a teamster, he had his head shaved and received twenty-five lashes on the back. Seven men of the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, and five men of the Seventh Indiana Cavalry, received similar treatment a few days before Cure was punished, for killing said beef of Dr. Peebles. Whether private Cure knew who brought the beef there I am unable to state, as he was not allowed a trial or any opportunity for defense. The First Iowa t'avalry protested against this barbarous and inhu- man jjunishment. in a mild and respectfvil manner, but not receiving satisfaction were compelled to call on the State authointies to intercede in our behalf, which is the cause of the regiment being singled out by the author of this slanderous report to justify his own unwise and ille- gal conduct. The full rations of fresh beef were generally issvied at this time, but not any more than the legal ration of beef, while all other rations were damaged and unfit for use, especially the hard bread, which was full of worms and bugs. I have seen the soldiers at this time compelled to rob theii- horses of part of their rations of corn and spend a greater poilion of the night in boiling and parching it to get enough to appease their hunger. {Unlisted men whom I knew well in citizen life came to me imploring for relief, saying they were actually becoming weak and emaciated from starvation, • • and would be glad to eat what their fath- ers fed to their dogs.'' This was not said to me in a captious spirit of mutiny, but imploring for relief, which I was unable to render. Being somewhat incensed at the outrages perpetrated upon the en- listed men. I wrote a letter to General Custer, a copy of which can be seen on the regimental letter book, stating plainly but candidly our condition — which I had done on two occasions before, in my report as Field Officer of the Day. This letter bears date four or five days prioi' to the killing of D)-. Peebles' beeves by the Twelfth Illinois and Seventh 273 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Indiana. (See my report of July last on the subject of rations at this time. ) In the language of General Ouster, • • I have been in command of troops almost continuously since the commencement of the war, fre- quently in much larger numbers than at present." I have also filled positions on the staffs of general officers, from Assistant Adjutant Gen- eral to Chief of Staff, in cases of tempoi'ary necessity, and acted as Sen- ior Assistant Inspector General of Cavalry for the Military Division of West Mississippi for eight months, and I can say that I never saw troops so badly managed and provided for, both in regard to outfit and rations, as this division of cavalry was while it remained under the command of General Custer, or such a lack of common sense in orders and in the exercise of discipline, as was displayed by its commander. I do not make the above assertion in passion, or unaware of what might be the consequences, as I am prepared to prove what is here set forth. For fear that it may be charged against me that I make asser- tions without cause. I beg permission to say, in addition to what is said in my report of j^ast July, that regimental commanders were not per- mitted to exercise their own judgment in disciplining their regiments. For instance : A few days after the division arrived at Hempstead, some enlisted men who were acting as hostlers for General Custer made up a horse race between General Custer's horse ■ ■ Jack Rucker " and a United States horse in the Fii-st Iowa Cavalry. Horse racing being a practice I never permitted, either as a company or regimental com- mander. I endeavored to stop this race, and would have done so but for an order issued by General Custer allowing it to come off, and at the same time granting permission to all soldiers to attend the race, so that it was only by request that soldiers could be had to remain and guard the camp. General Custer himself always appeared on the race track as chief manager, and generally dressed in the uniform of a private soldier or citizen acting (jiardon the expression) the ■ ■ bohoy" among the boys ; and ("aptain James D. Earl, Chief Commissary of Subsistence on General Custer's staff, rode Custer's horse, while a private soldier of the First Iowa Cavalry rode the other — an act which, if an officer of the First Iowa Cavalry had been guilty of, would have relieved him of his sword im- mediately at any time previous to joining General Custer's command ; and. in one instance. I saw General Custer ride his hoi'se through him- self. In another instance General Custer got up a race between these two horses himself — and to my own discredit let it be said that, by re- SBrgt, B, s, WDnnwARn COMPANY B. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 273 quest of General Custer, I held the stakes, two thousand dollars, know- ing that a large portion of this money belonged to the enlisted men of the First Iowa Cavalry. Again : There were over three hundred men of the First Iowa Cav- alry detailed on duty at Custer's headquarters, and to my own personal knowledge I knew of a number of these men to be used as officers' ser- vants, and as follows, viz : • ■ Nick " Morris. Company L, A. Osborn and James Calder, Company A, attending to General Custer's race horses, and getting up races with soldiers and citizens ; Sergeant For- tune and Corporal James, Company A, peeping a lager beer saloon in a Dutch bakery in the city of Austin ; • ■ Johnny " Clark. Company C, keeping a whisky saloon in Austin — who furnished him the money I know not, but it is certain he did not have enough of his own ; Corporal Morris Granger, Company K, M. Klein. C'ompany F. and three others, playing the violin at parties, etc. These soldiers generally dressed in citizens' dress. When I would reprove them for such conduct, they would show me a copy of General Custer's order detailing them as • • or- derlies " at division headquarters, etc. There were others on similar duty, but their names are forgotten. When General Custer was about leaving Austin, after being mustered out of the service, he gave some of these soldier saloon keepers, etc., furloughs to remain in the city of Austin for sixty days, dating the furloughs back to the last day he was. an officer, so that I could not order them back to the regiment im- mediately. Before some of them would even report back 1 was com- pelled to detail a guard and bring by force they supposing their fur- loughs were valid. I have also seen some of these enlisted men. by cunning speech and preconcerted plan, get up and run jockey races with General Custer's horses with negroes, and General Custer's father and Major Thomas ('uster, the (xeneral's brother and Aid-de-Camp, on the track managing the races. There were race tracks on all sides of our camp, both at Hempstead and Austin, and almost every day one or more of General Custer's horses would be on some of them, and if the General was not along himself, some of his staff officers would be and assume the su- pervision. Let me here state that these staff officers were not chosen from the regiments of this division. (ieneral Custer closes his report by requesting that • ■ it might be sent to Brigadier (ieneral J. W. Forsyth for such remarks as he may make, verifying or refuting the statements he has made." which request was complied with. A copy of these remarks I received through un- 35 !274 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. official sources, and the only answer I have to make to it is, that it is too silly to merit notice. He says that he could not get the men to wear pants, etc. I will say why : Because they did not have them, notwithstanding monthly esti- mates were handed in promptly and regularly, but never in any instance filled. Quite a number of the First Iowa Cavalry had their pants worn off from the knee down, and in many instances almost entirely bootless and shirtless. I remember of giving in one instance the only extra paii* of pants I had to a soldier to cover his nakedness, and when we got a scanty supply of clothing it was through the generosity of Colonel S. D. Sturgis, Sixth United States Cavalry, who arrived at Austin with six months' supply for his own regiment. Much more might be said, but this is sufficient to show how affairs stood in the division ; also to show how inconsistent General Custer's report is with absolute facts. My apology for making this lengthy statement is to show that this officer, who indulges so freely in classifying the officers and men com- posing this division, without exception, as ■•thieves." ••robbers," and a -mob.'' is unworthy of credit, and has dishonored the high position to which he was elevated, by pei'verting facts, to excuse himself in his unwise conduct, over his own signature. Notwithstanding (ieneral C'uster's defamatory i-eport, 1 am warranted in saying that not a single man that ever was connected with the organ- ization but who is to-day proud to point to its stainless record of over four and a half years" service, and saying that he belonged to the First Iowa ( 'avalry. I invite the testimony of any officer of the First Iowa Cavalry, •to verify or refute the statements I have here made." Also that of Colonel N. H. Dale. Second Wisconsin Cavalry. General J. P. C. Shanks, late Colonel Seventh Indiana Cavalry, now member elect of the Fortieth Congress of the United States from the State of Indiana, Colonel H. B. Dox. Twelfth Illinois Cavah^y. or any other officer or soldier conversant with the history of this division while it was under the command of Major General t-uster. My post office address is Keokuk. Lee county, iowa, where I have established myself in business, and hold myself prepared to prove any assertion made in this answer. I have the honor to be. very respectfully. Your obedient servant, A, G. McQUEEN, Late Lt. Col. 1st Iowa Cavalry. and Brevet Brig. Oev. V. S. V. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 275 [1 also here insert General Forsyth's endorsement, so that Surgeon Lothrop's statement can be well understood. — A. 0-1 GENERAL FORSYTH'S ENDORSEMENT. Inspector General's Department, Headquarters Mil. Div. of the Gulf, New Orleans. La., November 28th, 1865. Respectfully returned. I commanded a brigade of cavalry under Major General Custer, joining him at Alexandria about the 12th of July last. I fully concur in all that General Custer says as to the discipline of the command. Robbery, plundering and murdering was of daily occurrence, and nearly the entire division was in open mutiny. In one regiment, the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, the men, advised by their officers, did attempt to drive off their commanding officer. Lieutenant Colonel Dale. They ordered him to take a boat then at the levee and leave the command, and that they would give him a certain time to do it in. They also stated they intended to send Custer off also, and if he did not go quietly they would make him go or throw him in the river. The commissioned officers as a general thing had no control over the men : in fact they (the enlisted men) did about what they pleased. It was with the greatest difficulty that they could be made to weai- any clothing. When I joined, large numbers of the men were riding horses abovit the country, and to water, with nothing on their persons but a pair of drawers and an undershirt, and a chip or straw hat. In this disgusting way they rode thi-ough the streets of Alexan- dria. A lady could not appear on the streets. They deserted, stealing the best horses from the command, and formed guerrilla bands, plundering, stealing and murdering thi'ough to the Mississippi. The condition of affairs was at one time so bad. and the men so open in their mutinous spirit, that a number of enlisted men got frightened on account of the threats made in several regiments to take the life of General Custer, atid they came at night and posted themselves as a guard for his protection, at his (General Custer's) private headquarters, without his knowledge. This occurred when the command first arrived at Alexandria. I had to send a guard of picked men from my brigade to the Second Wisconsin Cavalry and kept it from deserting eii masse. These deserters, when they reached home, were mustered out. paid, etc.. etc.. and wrote back to their comrades that Government had no right to keep them, and that if the regiment was not mustered out they 276 HISTORY or first IOWA CAVALRY. ought to desert. The Provost Marshal of the State, the (xovernor. and every one wrote to the same effect to these men. With reference to General Custer's order whilst I was with the com- mand, I have simply to say that he made a great mistake. Instead of whipping he should have shot. The people at home, who have written to and received these thieves and deserters with open arms, are the only persons to blame for all this trouble, which has not only reflected on their State but the whole vol- unteer army. Whilst en route for Texas, 1 dismounted a Lieutenant belonging to the First Iowa Cavalry for straggling, in compliance with General Cus- ter's orders, and made him walk five miles. The commanding officer of the other brigade. Colonel Thompson, said openly in the presence of his command that "he could not control his brigade," and that he thought or expected there would be a fight between his brigade and mine. Colonel Thompson is the C!olonel of the regiment that Governor Stone asks to be mustered out. I had in my brigade a number of fine officers, whom it is impossible to name, and who did theii- duty fi-om first to last. (Signed, ) JAMES W. FORSYTH. Hric/ddier General and Asst. Inspector General. AFKIDAVrrs ACCOMPANYING ABOVE. State of Iowa, / V ,r>.s'. Clinton County. ) I, Charles H. l.,othr()p. late Surgeon First Iowa C'avalry, do, upon oath, state that the foregoing report of Brigadier General James W. Forsyth, above named, is a ti'ue copy of a true copy of said original report. CHARLES H. LOTHROP. The foregoing affidavit was signed by said Lothrop in my presence, and by him sworn to before me. the undersigned, a notary public in and for said county, this 81st day of January. A. D. 1867. [L. S.] Witness my hand and notarial seal by me hereto affixed. (6 ct. R. stamp. ) ROBER T T. T. SPENCE, ( R. T. T. S. ) »T , D /,7- ) T 1 Miar^ i Notary fublic. ( Jan. .11. IHfi/. ) ^ State of Iowa, ) ■ S.S-. Clinton Cottnty, S T. (Charles Henry Lothrop. late Surgeon First Regiment Iowa Cav- alry, do upon oath state that many of the statements in said report, of which the foregoing "is a copy, are false to my personal knowledge. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 277 The statement made in relation to the straggling of a Lieutenant of the First Iowa Cavalry I believe to be false. Captain Hosford, of Company G, infoi-med me that he ordered his Lieutenant back to the ambulances to ascertain if a sick man who had been left alone beside the road, in accordance with General Custer's inhuman order, had been taken in by the ambulance corps. Having attended to that duty, he was quietly making his way (in the road) to his regiment again, when he was dis- mounted and ordered to walk five miles. The statement in relation to' Colonel Thompson I believe to be false. Colonel Thompson made no such statement, if the different members of his staflf can be relied upon for truth and veracity. CHARLES H. LOTHROP. The foregoing affidavit was signed by said Lothrop in my presence, and by him sworn to before me, the undersigned. Notary Public in and for said Clinton county, this 31st day of Jaunary, A. D. 1867. [L. S.] Witness my hand and notarial seal by me affixed. (5 ct. R. Stamp,) ROBERT T. T. SPENCE, ( R. T. T. S. ) (Jan. 31. 1867. ) Notary Public. CUSTER'S CRUELTY. (Special to the Chicago Times.) Cedar Rapids. Iow^a, February 3d, 1886. •• We were in Northern Alabama at the close of the war when orders were received calling troops north for discharge. '" said ex-Marshal Francis, of this city. ■ • When we reached Memphis the boys were in good spirits. We had drawn little pay. and upon discharge each pri- vate was to receive about $500. including bounty money. Through the long, weary marches and the many trials of soldier life, strong friend- ships had formed, and now that the war was ended, and we were to separate in a few days, never again to meet as a military body, never again to live over those experiences which had made us a band of brothers, the future of each seemed the concern of all, and plan-making was mutual. We were all heartily glad the end of the bloody contest had come, yet loth to separate. ■ • Shortly after our arrival at Memphis, an order was issued creating three divisions of cavalry, nine regiments each, for the southwest cam- paign, under (renerals Custer. Torbert and Merritt. Our regiment, with eight others, rendezvoused at Alexandria, Louisiana, under Gen- eral Custer. We had gone through the war, had camped in Missouri with a foot of snow on the ground, had lain down in the mud in Arkan- 278 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. sas at night-time to find ourselves frozen to the earth next morning ; we had wrestled with vermin in Southern trenches, and doubled up on the discomforts of cold and the pangs of hunger ; but until after the war had ceased and we entered Custer's division, the real hardships of camp life had never stared us in the face. Despite the fact that to de- sert was to forfeit one's pay and honorable discharge, numbers of the boys, rather than submit to the rigors of camp life in Alexandria, left under cover of darkness on their lonely journey northward. When a deserter was captured he was tied to his coffin and shot, although the army regulations forbade this punishment in time of peace. While we were lying at Alexandria without pay. an orderly sergeant of the Sec- ond Wisconsin drew up a petition asking the Colonel of that regiment to resign, that the Lieutenant Colonel might be promoted before being mustered out of service. The orderly was called up before Custer's court and tried on charge of mutiny, convicted, and sentenced to be executed along with three deserters. The four men were blindfolded, placed upon their coffins, and the firing squad drawn up, when Custer held consultation with Captain Moore, one of his staff, who walked to the coffin of the orderly, untied the cords, and led the prisoner out of range, (xeneral Custer had been notified by the Second Wisconsin Regiment that in case of the execution of the orderly himself and staff would be slaughtered, and had the sentence been carried out Gen- eral Custer would never have lived to torture his command as he did on the march to the Rio Grande. The mutinous orderly was sentenced to the Dx"y Tortugas for life, but released at New Orleans on order of the President. ■ ' When about to begin the march westward from Alexandria, sol- diers were ordered to report in ranks with coats buttoned, and to carry carbine, revolver, seventy rounds of cartridges, and saber. The tem- perature was about 120 degrees, and there wasn't a rebel in the land. When the division reached a narrow bridge that had to be crossed sin- gle file, Custer and staff stood on either side the line with sabers drawn, and where a soldier overcome with heat had fastened his carbine, re- volver or sword to the saddle, they clipped it off and let it fall into the sti'eam. The arms were chax^ged to the soldier, and of course there was an actual money loss to him of that amount. We marched forty miles a day in the sun. The beef cattle followed and were eaten next morn- ing before daybreak. The flesh fairly crawled after cooking, and put the soldiers in a condition unfit for the march. Plenty of beef might have been picked up along the line. Foraging was strictly forbidden ■ HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 279 in a special order, on penalty of shaved head and twenty-five lashes. The conclusion of this infamous order read something- like this : • Owing to the delay of court martial proceedings orderlies are charged with the execution of this order.' Many a poor fellow I have seen with head shaved to the scalp, tied to a wagon wheel and whipped like a dog. for stealing a piece of fresh meat or a peach from an orchard by the way- side. Search of camp was made every morning, and woe to the un- lucky regiment which left evidences of foraging. One member of our i-egiment wrote letters to Noi'thern newspapers complaining of the treatment received at the hands of Custer and the young staff officers that influenced him. Every effort was made to discover the identity of the correspondent, but in vain. In 1867, however, when Custer was court martialed at Leavenworth and relieved of command and pay for a year, that correspondent, in the person of Dr. Lothrop, who now lives at Lyons, Iowa, proved one of the strongest witnesses of Custer's cruelty,"" STATEMENT SENIOR SURGEON BRIGADE, Nothing less than a sense of justice to living comrades would justify me in bringing into public review the unfortunate personalities and shortcomings of a deceased officer, who had won some honorable dis tinction in the command of dashing squadrons. There are times when to state convictions and speak plainly of dead men's faults becomes a sad duty to good men living, and the history of the period, I, M, P, Hanson, of Milwaukee. Wisconsin, was Surgeon of the Sec- ond Wisconsin Cavalry, one of the regiments that made up General G. A. Custer's command on the exjiedition from Alexandi'ia, Louisiana, to Austin, Texas, in the summer and fall of 1865, and I had occasion to observe General Custer's ability and lack of ability to fill so large a place. I have but recently read General Custer's report of that expedition to the War Department, and General Forsyth's very extravagant en- dorsement, with mingled feelings of surprise and indignation. That report is false in many particulars, and utterly false as a gen- eral statement of any condition that ever existed in the command, and evidently grew out of the necessity there was for the parties to justify and excuse a disgracefvil administration of the command. General Custer's personalities were such as to beget in the line offi- cers and men anything but confidence and respect. Seeming to realize the fact that he was too small for the place, he was over-jealous of the ceremonies due the position. He was arbitrary and ever cruel in his 280 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. disclipine. By his arrangement of the court he got three men sen- tenced to be shot, after the rebels had surrendered, and war the was over, and he was commanding only an army of occupation. Two men from the Seventh Indiana for desertion, and one from our regiment, for- a little drunken wordy mutiny against our Colonel, N. H. Dale, (now dead, ) who thought little of the event and gave himself no rest until sentence was commuted, and the soldier was finally pardoned, but the liarbarous sentence was carried out to the execution of the Indiana men. General Custer's ordering of the march thi'ough the three hundred miles of pine forest from the western borders of Louisiana, to Hemp- stead, Texas, were unnecessarily rigid and severe, and even cz'uel to our sick men. The best ambulance teams were taken to transport the (ieneral's camp equipage, staff and hunting dogs, while sick men were transported on unloaded provision wagons without springs. And at Hempstead the ambulances were corralled at headquarters, two miles from the camp of the brigade, and no Surgeon could get an ambulance to move a sick soldier, or air a convalescent, or bring bread to the hospital from Hempstead village two miles away, without the formality of a requisition and eight miles' extra travel for his orderly, while the ambulances were being used every day to transport hunting dogs and to bring in any blooded hound that could be heard of within twenty miles. General Custer made himself very acceptable to the ex-rebels by in- justice to his command, while his lack of personal dignity and good sense made him contemptible as Major General. Milwaukee. October 31st, 1890. M. P. HANSON. M. D. Butte City, Montana. September 21st, 1890. (Generals Custer's and Forsyth's statements are absolutely false so far as the First Iowa is concerned. We had no insubordination, but very few deserters, and we did receive outrageous treatment from first to last. J. D. JENKS, Late Major 1st Iowa Car. Vet. Vol. An injustice could not be more palpable, nor could an infamy be more damnable, than an untruthful statement such as the foregoing, made in justification of a course so brutal, reflecting as it does on the character of honorable men and soldiei-s. It has since been demon- strated that the author, in having been permitted to exercise the pre- rogative of a Major General, either through a lack of judgment or an act of rashness, led to death in the valley of the Big Horn the unfortu- nate officers and men under his command. We feel as though we HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 281 should be eluiritable now that he is dead. There was no act of a sol- dier calling- for such punishment as shaving- a soldier's head, requiring men to walk in a circle in the sun, carry rails, etc. Neither was such punishment as inflicted sanctioned by the regulations of the army. The valor, integrity and soldierly conduct of officers and men of the First Regiment of Iowa Cavah'y had never been previous to this time, or has never since, been spoken of in any other than in words of praise and commendation. To a fallen foe a more magnanimous soldier was never known. Personally. Major General Geo. A. C'uster and Brigadier General Jas. A. Forsyth treated me with marked courtesy and kindness. I have the honor to be. &c.. H. S. HEBERLING, Late Co. B, M la. Cav. Vet. Vol.. Ami). Officer and Actg. Asst. Q. M. 2d Cav. JJiv., M. D. G. and Pres. 1st. la. Cav. V. V. ^.s.s'w. (The reader will note Captain Heberling was ambulance officer — - which perhaps explains the unusual courtesy. — V. L.) Department of P(^lice, Cedar Rapid.s. Iowa, October 12th, 1889. Chas. H. Lothrop, M. D.. late Surgeon 1st Iowa Cavalry: Dear Sir and Comrade — Replying to yours of October 10th concern- ing the command of General G. A. Custer from June, 1865. to February. 1866. I can add but little to what Colonel McQueen has so ably said in his report to the Adjutant General of Iowa, part of which you will un- doubtedly include in the record. I have carefully read and digested the report of General Custer to (Jeneral Sheridan, then commanding the Military Division of the Gulf, under date of October 26th. 1865. I can hardly conceive of a report containing more misstatements, or in plainer language, lies, than appear in the one referred to. I had the honor to serve as a private soldier in the First Iowa Cavalry, an honor untarnished by the language used by General Custer in his report re- ferred to. It was the foi'tune of our regiment during its long term of service to be commanded by gentlemen as well as brave men. and never once during the nearly five years did we receive one word of censure from a commanding officer until such was received from Generals Cus- ter and Forsyth. Again, why was it thought necessary by General ( 'uster to bring staff officers from the army of the Potomac to command a division of western troops ? Other commanding Generals selected their staffs from their commands. General Custer, in his report, refers to Colonel A. G. McQueen in language very uncomplimentary to the 36 282 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. latter. What can I say in justice to Colonel McQueen ? Every man in the First Iowa t-avalry had nothing but words of praise for Colonel McQueen. Every commanding officer under whom we ever served ap- preciated his work. He was known by all as a brave soldier, a Chris- tian gentleman, and a strict disciplinarian but no tyrant ; a man whom bi-ief authority did not hurt, a friend of the private soldier, a man and soldier whom General Custer found could see to the welfare of his I'egi- ment, notwithstanding the brutal orders received by him from division headquarters. This division commanded by General Custer were all veteran regiments from Wisconsin. Illinois and Indiana. — live regiments selected by General Sheridan, after a revietv of all the cavalry in the vjest. to fo7-m an ■ ' army of observation, and had the misfortune to be placed under command of General Custer, and after being submitted to the most brutal and cowardly treatment ever experienced by any com- mand, were designated by the commanding General as "thieves and highway robbei-s. guilty of the most infamous conduct,'' etc., etc.: branding our officers with conduct equally as bad as that with which he charged the men under their command. The commanding General says the men and officers were committing depredations in violation of the articles of wai-. Even if this were true, which I deny. (General (lister himself, in direct violation of the laws of the United States and against the army regulations, caused soldiers to be brutally whipped on the bare back, and applied the razor to their heads, a disgrace greater than death to the volunteer soldier — many of the victims of his cruelty being men who were the best of soldiers, good and respected citizens at home, yet without the semblance of law. and with no oppor- tunity afforded them for defense, this commanding General disgraced them. Wi\^ it not a wonder that Sitting Bull was ever afforded the opportunity in the mountains of the Little Big Horn ? This fact speaks for itself. These men had served their country well for four years : had followed the flag, led by brave and humane officers, through four years of bloodshed and suffering ; and were subjected by this monster. after peace had been declared by the President, to such inhuman ti-eat- ment as was a disgrace to the service as well as the victims. General Cluster condemns himself o\\% of his own mouth. He says in his report. • • The order was intended as only temporary, and that a court martial would have defeated the very object for which it was intended. "" May I ask. then, by what authority did he inflict such punishment, when Congress at the outbreak of the war abolished whipping in the army? His assault u])on Adjutant Morrill has been fully met by Colonel Mc- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 283 Queen in his report to General Baker, and at the time by General Thompson, who. when he assumed command of the Second Brig-ade, promoted Adjutant Morrill as A. A. General. Others better able than myself have replied to this report of General Custer, yet I cannot refrain from paying my respects to this man, who during- his brief authority attempted to disgrace five veteran regiments, the flower of the Western cavalry service. I remain fraternally yours. P. H. FKANGIS. Late of B Co-nipany , 1st Iowa Cavalry. I. Albert U. McCormick. do solemnly swear that I was Captain of (^'Ompany H, First Iowa Cavalry, and was present and in command of my company while the regiment was under the command of General George A. Custer, commanding Second Division Cavalry, Military Di- vision of the Gulf, during the summer and fall of 1S66, and while I hesitate to contradict the statements of one who has passed beyond the point where he could be heard, in his own behalf, yet I feel that justice to the brave men. living and dead, of out- regiment, demands that some- thing should be said in their defense. I have carefully read the statement made by General Custer in his letter addressed to Major General Lee, A. A. General. Military Division of the Gulf, of date October 26th. 1865. in regard to the conduct of our regiment and the other regiments composing his command, in which he asserts that "highway robbery by the soldiery of this command was of frequent daily occurrence.'' that •• no citizen was safe in his own home." that • • bands of soldiers were constantly prowling about the surrounding country for a distance of twenty or thirty miles, robbing the inhabitants indiscriminately of whatever they chose"; that -upon two occasions that I now remember parties were led by officers of the First Iowa Cav- alry, one of the parties being under the charge of the Adjutant of the regiment, and were tr-espassing on the premises of a citizen nine miles from camp. The latter remonstrated against it : the Adjutant seized a revolver belonging to a negro who accompanied the soldiers and threat- ened to blow the citizen's brains out if he dared to oppose them." The foregoing is quoted from the report of General Custer and is false in every particular statement. I very well remember the incident of Adjutant General Morrill hav- ing trouble with a citizen near Alexandria, Louisiana. The circum- stances were about this way : Our regiment was lying in camp, doing nothing except routine camp duty, and it was very monotonous. So one Sunday morning Adjutant Morrill obtained from Colonel McQueen, 284 HISTORY or first IOWA CAVALRY. commanding the regiment, permission to go out in the country for rec- reation, taking with him two of the enlisted men of the regiment, who I think were orderlies at regimental headquarters, and also the Adju- tant's colored servant. So peaceful were the thoughts and intents of this little party, that none of them deemed it necessary to even carry their arms, except the colored servant, who had a revolver. During their meandering they came to the plantation of an old man. whose name I have forgotten, and of that fact I am not sorry : and as the day was hot they halted at the house to get a drink of water, but before they had dismounted, or even entered the yard, the old man and his boy came out, each armed with a gun, and ordered them to leave. Ad- jutant Morrill took the revolver out of his sei'vant's hands and made the old man and his boy put their guns down. He then arrested the old man. and ordered him to report to Colonel McQueen at sundown that evening. I well remember when the old man came to our camp that evening. There were quite a. number of visitors, citizens of Alex- andria, several of them ladies, who had come out to witness our dress parade. The parade was just over, and most of the officers had stopped at headquarters, and were chatting and laughing, when we were ap- proached by one of the most self-imi)ortant old men 1 had ever met, who demanded to know where --Mr." McQueen was. This was the old man Adjutant Morrill had ordered to report to Colonel McQueen, but so vindictive was this old rebel that he would not permit himself to address Colonel McQueen by his military title : and this was not on account of ignorance, for the old man was a graduate of West Point, and had been a Major of the regular army. Colonel McQueen sent the old man under escort to (General Custer, with Adjutant Morrill's state- ment of his reasons for arresting him, but (ieneral Custer immediately released him without investigation, and made the false and slanderous report to Cenej-al Sheridan. Adjutant Henry L. Morrill, whom (Jeneral Custer would have the world to believe an outlaw of the woi'st character, is still living as a witness of the falsity of the charge, having filled many important posi- tions of honor and trust, and is now the (ieneral Manager of the St. Louis & San Ki-ancisco railroad, with headquarters at St. Louis. I was with my company and regiment during all the time we were under General Custer in Louisiana and Texas, and say without hesita- tion oi' mental i-eservation that at no time did the men ever show any spii-it of lawlessness or mutiny, but on the contrary were soldierly in their conduct at all times. I remember talking with members of mv HISTORY OF FIKST IOWA CAVALRY. 285 company about the cruel and merciless orders of the commanding Gen- eral, and they expressed themselves by saying that while they thought it hard, yet they would bear it. because they had then served four years with honor and did not propose to disgrace themselves now. and such I am sure were the sentiments of the entire command. While it is with feelings of regret at the necessity of conti-adicting the report of General Custer, because he is not living to answer in his own defense, at the same time I take pleasure in branding the endorse- ment of General James W. Forsyth as more maliciously false than the report itself, and General Forsyth still lives. A. u. Mccormick. Captain Co. H. 1st Iowa Cavalry. State of Iowa. / LuCA8 County. ' Subscribed in my presence, and sworn to before me. by A. U. Mc- Cormick. this 28th day of December. 1889. O. E. PAYNE. [L. S.] Clerk DUtrict Court. 1. J. T. Foster, do solemnly swear that I was Captain commanding Company B. First Iowa Cavalry, and that my company, together with Captain McCormick's company and the balance of companies belonging to the regiment, were stationed at Alexandria. Louisiana, all under the command of General Custer : that I have read the above statement of Captain McCormick. and that it is true in every particular, and which I heartily endorse. J. T. FOSTER. Subscribed to by said J. T. Foster in my presence, and by him sworn to before me. the undersigned Xotary Public, on this 25th day of Sep- tember. A. D. 1890. ROBERT T. T. SPEXCE, [L. S.] Solar y Public. 1. A. W. Hosford. late Captain Company G. First Iowa Cavalry Vol- unteers, would respectfully state on oath, that I was Provost Marshal on the staff of Colonel \Vm. Thompson, commanding brigade during the campaign of I860, from Alexandria. Louisiana, to Austin. Texas, under the command of General Custer. That in the discharge of my official duties I became an eye-witness of the operation and effects of the com- manding GeneraTs heartless and infamous orders, most of which are published in the Adjutant General's report of 1867. For example, one order required the command to march in close columns of fours, and any trooper found out of his place in the column with his horse was dis- mounted and sent to the rear, and required to complete the campaign on foot, and his horse given to a trooper that had been marching on 2S() HISTORY OF BIKST IOWA CAVALRY. foot from the start. In that malarious country many men were afflicted with the old army complaint on this campaign, and the frequent pauses of such kept them running- a great portion of the time to catch up with their horses, that had to be left in the moving column ; and in a num- ber of instances have I seen them fall down completely exhausted, and I verily believe were left to die on the roadside, as the greater part of the few ambulances provided were kept with the commanding General in the advance, for the accommodation of his tired dogs. To fully un- derstand the opei-ation of this order it is necessary to know that, though we had lain in Alexandria a good while, and many cavalry regiments had been mustered out of service, leaving the Government with an abundance of horses, yet fifty or more men from each regiment were started out on this campaign on foot — something we had never before during our long service under any other commander been required to do. We had been in the service nearly five years, and now that the war was over, why we should be thus treated was a mystery none of us were able to solve. Though this march was made in the hottest part of the year, August and September, we were required to keep our jackets buttoned, and all our arms, ammunition and rations slung to us, and the dust so thick much of the time we could not see our file leaders. To endure this wa.s all a well man could stand. What must have been the suffering of the sick ones ? Our hardship and suffering would have been endurable had we been provided with enough wholesome food. But our rations were of the poorest quality and scanty in supply. My recollection is that up to the time of the arrest of Horace C. Cure no rations of beef had been issued to the command, but instead, bacon alive with maggots and hogs' jowls with tusks six inches long by actual measurement. With such rations, and abundance of cattle in the country, I heard of no in- stance of foraging or any depredations of any kind being committed, excei)t the killing of the little steer by Horace C. Cui'e and others, for which he was punished so severely and disgracefully, while the value of the steer could not exceed at that time and place five dollars. As Provost Marshal nay duties required my presence in every part of the command, and not a single instance of highway robbery or the mal- treatment of any citizen came to my knowledge, but I heard many of them speak of the orderly behavior and good demeanor of the troops compi'ising this command. Though the commanding General has now gone to his reward, in justice to the honorable, loyal and brave heroes of his command he so maliciously slandered to vindicate himself. I can HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAI.RY. 287 say no less than to pronounce him a heartless tyrant, totally unfit to have been trusted with an independent command. As I read his endorsement by his lackey. James W. Forsyth, my blood fairly boils with indig'nation toward the man that would thus libel this command of veteran heroes, thus bartering his honor as an officer and his character as a man for the promise of a promotion in the not distant future. The fact of the matter is. General Custer was called upon to give an account of himself for his cruel and unlawful conduct toward his com- mand, and to clear himself was willing to sacrifice every man in his command, and to give him a good send off his prototype, Forsyth, was willing to go him one better. But I will venture to say that this man Forsyth is the only one in that whole command by whom General Cus- ter could substantiate what he says in his statement of October 26th. 1865. or the only officer that would approve of his arbitrary and cruel treatment of the men of his command. I will further make affidavit to the truthfulness of Lieutenant Colo- nel A. G. McQueen's report of the campaign to the Adjutant General of Iowa, with the statement that it is not colored in the least. (Signed.) A. W. HOSFORD. Late (kipt. Go. G. 1st Iowa Cavalry. Subscribed and sworn to before me. by A. W. Hosford. whom I be- lieve to be a creditable person, this •24th day of October, 188!). [L. S.] RICHARD O. (IRUNER. Sotarii F)//>lir. I. Ernest A. Klingenberg. being duly sworn, state the following facts : That I was First Lieutenant of Company G. First Iowa Veteran Volunteer Cavalry, and that I was in command of the aforesaid compa- ny when on the expedition or campaign from Alexandria, Louisiana, to Austin. Texas. Besides our regiment there were the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, Seventh Indiana Cavalry, and the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, all under the command of Major (General Geo. A. Custer, in the summer of 1865. I well i-emember the infamous and cruel orders that were issued by General Custer prior to our departure for Texas, viz : To march in close column, to keep our jackets buttoned, and to have our arms, ammunition and rations slung to our bodies : and any enlisted man that would leave the ranks with his horse, irrespective for what- ever cause might naturally compel him to do so, had to suffer himself to be dismounted, his hoi'se turned over to another regiment, and made to walk in the heavy sand through the broiling sun. One morning, while leaving camp, it was discovered that our com- 288 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. pany wagon required repairing. I therefore ordered my Second Lieu- tenant, Eli Waring, to take charge of a detail of men, make the neces- sary repairs, and to catch up to the command as soon as possible. A few hours later, while General Custer and his staff were flying by our column, ( " as they wei-e in habit of doing every day") one of his Aides- de-Camp reined up his horse beside me and gave me the startling infor- mation that my Lieutenant and his men had been dismounted by order of General Custer. Such an outrage, when I had left a commissionnd officer in charge of the men for protection in the discharge of their du- ties ; and General James W. Forsyth, in his disgraceful endorsement of General Custer's infamous report to Major General Lee. A. A. G. Mili- tary Division of the Gulf, under date of October 26th, 1865, says. ' ' While en route for Texas I dismounted a Lieutenant belonging to the First Iowa Cavalry for straggling.'" What a 'malicious falsehood, the word straggling, as that was the same Lieutenant J had left in charge of the men to repair our company wagon. The command was subjected to even more humiliation — in the case of private Horace C. Cure, of Company M, and another man. who were lashed and the razor applied to their heads for a single offense of hav- ing killed a small beef out in the prairie, while we were subsisting on hogs' jowls and spoiled bacon, "being in sight of abundance of cattle in that part of the country we were then in." But to come back to that infamous report of General Custer to Major General Lee, A. A. G., to General Phil Sheridan, dated October 26th, 1865, in which he charged his command with lawlessness of almost every description, and the cowardly endorsement of Custer's gajllaht stand-by. General Forsyth, in which among others is this villainous sentence, viz : ' ■ With refer- ence to Genera] Custer's orders whilst I was with the command, I have simply to say that he made a great mistake. Instead of whipping he should have shot." That infamous report of Custer, and more shameful, inhuman endorsement of Forsyth, was merely to save Custer from be- ing court martialed, which he so richly deserved for the barbarous acts toward his command, who were so unfortunately entrusted to him on that famous Texas campaign. ERNEST A. KLINGENBERG, Late 1st Lieiit. Co. O. 1st Iowa Vet. Vol. Cav. Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 29th day of October, 1890. [L. S.] GEO. H. WALTHER, Notary Public. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. I ^ ^ Lieut. ERNEST fl, KLINEENHERE, COMPANY G. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 289 North Manchester. Indiana, August 29th, 1890. Mrs. C. H. Lothrop : — In regard to the truthfulness of General Cus- ter's report, dated October 20th, 1865, would say : He says that the troops while there were a ' ■ terror to the inhabitants, infamous, a dis- grace, highway robbers, murderers, etc." In the first place when we arrived there the town was almost deserted, no one to rob and nothing to steal. General Banks' army had torn down the best buildings to build the dam across Red river to let the gunboats down. He says the • ' farmers bringing in cotton or produce were permitted to sell the same and then were robbed in open daylight." There was no cotton in that part of the country for over two years. You could travel for miles and not see cotton, corn or produce, except peaches. The fields were over- grown with weeds and briars. A few of the inhabitants had returned from the rebel army, but the darkies were gone, and there was no one to work the farms. Union men were scarce. We paid one of those gentry a visit. He had a fine mansion, hundreds of bushels of fine peaches, etc. We asked him for a few to eat. He cut us short, said the best ones were for General Custer and staff. He had a guard there with orders to shoot the first man that took a peach. Well, we had some peaches, and the next day some of the 'boys" went out and es- corted the fellow to town, made him walk through the dust in the mid- dle of the road. You have the story about the Adjutant threatening to shoot that fine citizen. I am responsible for that, not the First Iowa Cavalry. As to the charge of mutiny. We all knew the war was over. Many of us wanted to go home and go to work. Some had farms and many had good trades to work at, and we were needed at home, more so than in the service. Some who held commissions and were getting big pay would rather stay in the service. It was hard under the circumstances to control the men. Some said we were to be sent to Texas, others to Mexico. When Custer issued his infamous order of march to Texas the whole command, officers and men. were dissatisfied. All com- mented upon it, and ridiculed it. They had never seen the like of it. (Jeneral Grant's march from the Rappahannock through the wilderness to Spotsylvania could not hold a candle to it for size and foolery. Be- fore we left Alexandria three men were sentenced to be shot. Two were were pardoned before the word ' ' fire" was given. What they had done I never knew or found out. General Custer had a particular hatred for the Seventh Indiana Cavalry for this reason : We kept a good run- ning horse, and Custer had several of his own ; Gen. Forsyth one or two. 87 290 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. The Seventh Indiana horse beat every time and took the money. It was a hard dose. His infamous order looked more like a revenge than a military order of march. The order was something like this : Every man to wear his proper uniform. Carry forty rounds of ammunition, (^oat buttoned up to chin. March two o'clock a. m. No one allowed to fall out of ranks, sick or well. He had his staff ride along the line continually and any one found with his coat unbuttoned was made walk, no matter how sick he was. Many of the poor fellows were overcome by the intense heat and had to fall out, and their bones were left to bleach in the pine wilderness of Texas. These T suppose were the de- serters he alludes to. Now something about the proper uniform, (ieneral Custer on his march Jiad a fine outfit. His wife was with him. They had a covered spring wagon drawn by four grey horses. Servant to drive, another to cook, one to take care of the fast stock, dogs, etc. They would start about daylight and dash past us about nine o'clock, and be at their jour- ney's end for the day by ten o'clock a. m. We would be in about six o'clock or in time for dress parade. That had to be done before we could have anything to eat or drink from the time we started. It was customary for Custer as soon as he reached camp, to go on a ■•hunt.'" There were a good many deer along the route. One after- noon while on the march we espied a man sitting on his horse. When we came up I saw it was Custer. He was dressed in ••cow-boy" style. broad rimmed, grey hat, linen duster, and a double-barreled shotgun across the pommel of his saddle, and the ••boys'" took him for a Texan. Some of my company said. •• Hello, stranger, how will you trade hats ?'" When we arrived in camp I was ordered to Custer's headquarters. I expected to wa//5 next day. but Mrs. Custer interfered in our behalf. She gave him to understand that he should wear his proper uniform — and so we were saved, and I would have written this twenty years ago, only for my respect for her. for I am satisfied she was the best General of the two. The command ar-rived at Hempstead. Texas, after a march of three hundred miles through a pine wilderness — men worn out ; horses in poor (H>ndition, the glanders among them ; many had to be shot ; mine, a good, faithful animal, which had carried me through many hard places, among them, and it was hard to part with him. Well, when we reached Hempstead we expected better rations. Beef cattle was plenty, but our rations was hog jowls and flour and mouldy hard tack. The sick in the hospital could not eat this kind of meat. We stood this as HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 291 long as we possibly could. Finally one of the boys in the hospital wanted some beef soup. Three of the boys went and killed a calf which would have weighed about three hundred. It did not belong to the rebel. Dr. Peebles, as Custer reports. It belonged to another rebel. There were no Union men there. The supposed owner came in and re- ported to Custer. He sent his detective around and searched the camp. Some meat was found in Companies L, M and 1. His court martial was in good running order. Whole companies wei'e ordered to report at headquarters, which was situated on the side of a hill, and in the sun the men had to lie all day, until the entire company was tried by de- tail. They finally found two men, one by name Lai-ue and James Arm- strong, of Peru. Indiana, who confessed, and wei-e given twenty-five lashes on their bare backs, and their heads shaved. Afterward made to march in fi'ont of the regiment at dress parade. Instead of rejoicing, it was hisses and curses, from one end of the regiment to the other. My company was to come next, but fortunately (xeneral Shanks arrived. I met him at the train, and gave him a history of the proceedings. He asked me what I was going to do about it. I said, • • that every gun was loaded and we would die right there before we would submit to such treatment.'" He said he would go over and have the d — d whip- ing stopped. * * * * * It was a (!Oinmon occurrence to see soldiers at any time in the day draw up and shoot at Custer and staff. One time in particular they made him turn back. I was officer of the day at the time and saw the whole transaction. General Custer asked, -'Who in the h-U was do- ing that shooting." I told him thei-e would be more ; to get out of this, he was in the camp of the Seventh Indiana, whose men he had whipped for killing a beef. It was the last time I saw (general Custer, and you can see how much respect we had for him as a soldier. We served under Generals Sheridan. Smith, McClellan and others and never had any trouble. ***** GEORGE W. S'I'OVER, Seiwnth Indiana. Portland, Indiana. 1 am asked as to the truthfulness of the foregoing report of General Custer and endorsement of General Forsyth, and would say they are a shame and disgrace, and a vile slander on the soldiers under General ( 'uster's command. I did see a soldier murdered by order of (ieneral Custer. His crime was trying to get away from the reign of brutality, to home and friends. The cotton story is this : Two cotton haulers tried to get through the lines, but were refused until the guard could 292 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. hear from headquarters. The haulers took a.dvantag'e of the halt, turned the team and drove some three miles out and managed to get stuck, for an excuse for their detention in case they were found. They were citizens, not soldiers. The next morning the old planter came in. raving and swearing "the soldiers had stolen his cotton," and reported the same at headquarters. He offered one of our sergeants ten dollars if he would find it ; he accepted the offer, went to the guard post, took the wagon trail, and found the cotton. When the rebel found they were not soldiers but his own men- he refused to pay, but Lake said it must be paid, and it was settled without further controversy. These are the true facts of the cotton theft and money robbery. And further, the men, dead, weak and worn out from torture and starvation, heat, and malaria from that deadly river bottom, were not able to commit the atrocities of which he accuses them. Custer punished innocent men to glut his venomous disposition. Cure was falsely accused : he did not know who killed the beef ; but he was tortured for many hours in the hot sun, stripped and whipped un- mercifully, and then had his head shaved entirely bald. And then Custer to misrepresent, to screen his own damnable deeds ! On the march to Hempstead, Texas, he ordered two sick men out of the ambu- lance, so that his (Custer's) dogs might ride. The men died at Hemp- stead. And this is but a small part of his brutal doings. JOAB SOMERS, Member of Co. L. 1st Iowa Cavalry. Subscribed and sworn to before me, this loth day of Novembei*. 1889. ISAA(~" SIMMONS, Justice of the Peace. (Could furnish a hundred similar statements, but it would be simply a recapitulation of the preceding, and this part of the record is closed with an extract from a newspaper of the day, corroborative of the fore- going, and (Tovernor Stone's letter to the Secretary of War, also printed at the time. — V. L.) Last week we published portions of three letters from Texas, which exposed brutal practices resorted to by General Custer in the treatment of his command, the army in Texas. This week still another letter is handed us. written by a resident of Lyons, from which we copy a few lines : ••Our health is better than our grub. We get half rations of wormy bread, and sugar and coffee according : fresh beef without salt or pep- per. On this campaign we marched from two till ten a. m.. and from four till eight p. m. We have been treated worse than dogs. General HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 293 Ouster went in the advance. He and his wife and staff would be shoot- ing all day long ; if they saw a quail, they would stop the whole com- mand in the sun, so they could get a chance to shoot it. They made out to keep us in the sun all day. The sun was hot enough to boil cof- fee in the shade." These complaints of ill treatment come from soldiers from the differ- ent States, and net a doubt exists that there is all too much foundation for them. There can be no necessity now for forced marches, nor for poor fare any length of time ; nor can there be any palliation for the great brutality practiced upon soldiers in that department, — Lyons Mirror, Sept. 30th. 1865. State of Iowa, Executive Department, DesMoines, October 18th, 1865. Hon. E. M. Stanton. Secretary of War: Sir — My attention is respectfully called to the many complaints of the severe treatment to which the First Iowa Cavalry, now serving in Texas, are subjected under command of Major General Custer. Excess- ive and unreasonable duty, brutal and unmilitary punishments for triv- ial offenses, unauthorized interference with the mails, whereby the members of this regiment are almost deprived of commvmication with their friends and families, ai"e among the abuses complained of, and information of facts upon which they are based is derived from sources so authentic that I am constrained to indulge the belief of gross mis- conduct on the part of this General toward these veteran troops, and to again demand the immediate interference of your department in their behalf. This is the first time that a sense of duty has compelled me to call attention to the alleged misconduct of a general officer to an Iowa regi- ment, and it is the only instance, so far as my knowledge extends, where just ground for complaint has existed ; but in the conduct of the General named, the violations of law and regulations have been so palpable, and his treatment of these men so indecent and brutal, that forbearance on my part would amount to criminal neglect of duty. In view of the fact that this regiment has been in active field service for over four years, participating in the most arduous and perilous cam- paigns of the western division of the army, I respectfully suggest and urge that it be discharged as soon as the exigencies of the public ser- vice will permit. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully. &c.. —State Register. W. M. STONE. 1866. The beginning of the year 1866 found the regiment as here- tofore at Austin, with detachments in various localities assisting in the restoration of civil government. The attempt of the powers of the old world to create a diversion in favor of the so called Southern Confederacy, by attempting to transfer tho conflict to Mexico, had signally failed, and the reconstrviction of the Southern portion of our sorely smitten Nation had com- menced and was rapidly progressing. On January 24th the following special order, No. 20, was issued from headquarters Department of Texas, ordering the muster out of service of the First Iowa, Third Michigan and Seventh Indiana Cavalry Regiments : Headquarters Department of Texas. Galveston, Texas, January 24th, 1865. Special Order No. 20. (Extract.) The following- regiments will be at once mustered out of service of the United States : First Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, Third Michigan Volunteer Cavalry. Seventh Indiana Volunteer Cavalry. The musters out of these regiments will be made in conformity with general orders No. 94, series (35, War Department, and will include the entire organization, present and absent. As soon as each regiment is mustered out. it will be at once placed en route for its proper State rendezvous. Its commanding officer re- porting on his arrival at New Orleans to Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Sturgeon, U. S. Army, Chief Mustering Officer, Military Division of the Gulf, and to Brevet Major General T. W. Sherman, commanding East- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 295 ern Department of Louisiana. The Quartermaster's Department will furnish the necessary transportation. All officers and enlisted men on detached duty belonging to either of the above named organizations will be at once relieved and returned to their regiments. Major General Custer, commanding cavalry, will forward to these headquarters a statement of the number of officers and men of each regiment present and the number absent. The Chief Mustering Officer of the Department is charged with the execution of this order. By command of Major General Wright. (Signed, ) A. H. WHITTSLAY, Official : L. W. Barnhart. A. A. A. O. Brt. Col. and A. A. G. The order was received at regimental headquarters February 1st. The news was received with joyful acclaim. The regi- ment felt that the day of its deliverance was at hand ; that its trials and sufferings were at an end ; that it had passed through the terrible (nxleal successfully, and had left undimmed the grand escutcheon of Iowa's honor and patriotism ; that it would return to the people who bade it be faithful, true and brave, when nearly five long years ago they sent it to the liattle front, in defense of country and home. That they would return to their fathers, mothers, sweethearts and wives, brothers, sisters, and neighbors, lay aside the implements of war. and receive the })laudits of a grateful people : Well done, faithful soldier of an undivided republic. Detachments of the regiment which had been located at various jilaces were ordered to report at liea(l(|uartcrs without delay, and other preparations made for the iinister out. On .lanaary 31st the following special order. No. 25, requir- ing all officers on duty at ''these headquarters detached from regiments serving in this command " to report to their respect- i\-e regiments : Headquakteks Cavalry, Dee^artment of Texas. Final. January 81st. 1866. Si'EciAi, Orders No. 25. (K.rtrart.) XIV. * * * ^j] officers now on duty at these headquarters de- 296 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. tached from regiments serving in this command, are hereby relieved and will report to the commanding officer of their respective regiments. By command of Major General Custer. JACOB L. GREENE, Assistant Adjutant General. Lt. H. S. Heberling, 1st Iowa Cav. Amb. Off. About this time, by order from the War Department, Major General Custer and his staff officers were also ordered mustered out the service. This fact was not generally known among the soldiers, and it was regarded as fortunate for General Custer that the fact was not known. In his (Custer's) anxiety to leave the presence of the men he had so cruelly treated, he ordered relays of twelve horses, stationed at points along his route, to expedite his flight from the scenes of his barbarous inhumanity. The hero of ' ' manv a mad charge, ' ' sinking into the ' ' hero of the lash," left during the night of February 4th, unhonored and unrespected. The following is a copy of the order to Lieutenant Heberling relating to the relay of horses : Office Chief Q. M. Cav., February 3d. 1866. Lieut : — We will want twelve horses from your train to send out as relays for the General. Have them ready by twelve o'clock. I want only the horses without harness. I will have the proper order for you by the time the horses are wanted. Truly. &c., A. S. JONES. Approved : Lt. and A. A. Q. G. A. Custer, Brt. Brig. Oen. U. S. A. Lieutenant Colonel McQueen writes as follows in relation to this matter : ' ' Having been privately informed as to General Custer's intention in having a relay of horses for his use to reach Austin, I apparently happened to be riding past General Custer's headquarters at the Insane Asylum just as those ambulance team- sters were drawn up in front of his headquarters, and made in- quiry what it meant and was told. I then ordered Lieutenant Heberling to take the teams back to quarters, and have all the First Iowa men returned to the regiment as soon as he could turn the property over to the Post Quartermaster. Lieutenant HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 297 Heberling ordered a sergeant to take the teams to quarters, which he did. Custer was standing in the door, and heard and saw all that was said and done, but did not say a word. He then sent to General Sturgis, asking that they be returned. General Sturgis, however, sent an ambulance with two mules, a sergeant and six men, to escort him to Brenham. It was re- ported to me that there was a detachment of men in the bush before daylight, with carbines to fire a parting salute, but he passed about two hours before they got into position. I had a copy of the order mustering Custer and his stafi' out before Custer received the order, but did not dare say anything about it. The man who sent it is now dead. He never be^ longed to the regiment. Mustering Custer and his staff out was done to save trouble and a great deal of expense. I have long since burned this secret correspondence, at the request of parties who were liable to be injured by it." Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General 8. 1). Sturgis being now in command of the troops, located at Austin and vicinity. On February 7th, Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General William Thompson was, by order of General Sturgis, placed in command of the First Brigade. By the following special order. No. 1, the following named officers were announced as members of General Thompson's staff : First Lieutenant W. W. Fluke, A. A. Q. M.; Captain T. J. R. Perry, Company C, A. A. I. G. ; Surgeon Chas. H. Lothrop, Senior Surgeon — all of the First Iowa Cavalry: Headquarters 1st Brig. Cav. D. T.. Austin, Texas. February 7th. 1866. Special Order No. 1. V. The following named officers are announced aa staff to the Bre- vet Brigadier (ieneral commanding brigade, and will report to these headquartars without delay: First Lieutenant W. W. Fluke. R. Q. M. First Iowa C^avalry, A. A. Q. M. Captain T. J. R. Perry. Company C, First Iowa Cavalry, A. A. I. G. 298 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Surgeon Chas. H. Lothrop, First Iowa Cavalry, Senior Surgeon. By order of Brevet Brigadier Genei-al Thompson. R. T. NEWELL, 1st Lieut. 1st Iowa Cavalry, A. A. A. Genl. Surg. Chas. H. Lothrop, Isl la. Cav. Soon afterward General Thompson with escort left on a short tour of inspection, to San Antonia and other places. After General Sturgis assumed command ' ' the reign of ter- ror ' ' ceased, and a most kindly feeling existed between General Sturgis and the officers and men of his command. General Sturgis was a most kind and attal)le gentleman, and will be ever held in high esteem by the Old First Cavahy Regiment. During this time preparations for the muster out of the regi- ment had l)een in active i)rogress, and the necessary prepara- tions for a homeward march made. It left Austin on the 19th })y the way of Bastrop to Brenham, and from thence by rail- road to Galveston, and l)v steamer Magnolia to New Orleans. In contrast with the manner in which General Custer left the scene of his operations, it is worthy of note that the First Iowa Cavalry left Austin in the .3<) p. m.. in box or freight cars. Leaving LaSalle l)y the way of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific rail- road at -f. 30 A. M. of the 12th. it arrived at Davenport, Iowa, on the same da v. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 299 On the evening of the 13tli a most hearty welcome was ten- dered the officers of the regiment, in the form of a grand recep- tion at the pahitial residence of Mr. and Mrs. Woods ; and on the 15th it was discharged and finally paid. After nearly five years of arduous and most faithful service in preserving the integi'ity of the Nation, with not a single stain to dim the brightness of its escutcheon, it was mustered out, and, returning home, the patriot soldier became an honored citizen. The total munber of enlistments were 2, ls7, and the casual- ties 551. The following officers received l)revet rank, Tnited States Volunteer Army : Colonel and Brigadier (General Fitz Henry Warren, Major (leneral. t'olonel AVilliam Thompson, Brigadier General. Lieutenant Colonel A. G. McQueen, Colonel and Brigadier General. Major J. I), flenks. Lieutenant Colonel. Surgeon M. B. Cochran, Lieutenant Colonel. Lieutenant and Adjutant H. L. Morrill, Captain and Major. •Captain H. H. Heath, Company L, afterward ('olonel Sev- enth Iowa Cavalry, Brigadier General. ROSTER OF OFFICERS OF RECHMENT. Field and Staff. Cohnicls — Fitz Henry Warren, James (). (iower, Daniel Anderson, William Thoniijson. LientctKDif Coloiirls — Chas. E. Moss, P. Gad Bryan, Daniel Anderson, Joseph W. Caldwell, Alexander (t. McQueen. Majors — Edwin W. Chamberlain, James O. (iower, \\n\. M. G. Torrence. P. (xad Bryan, Daniel Anderson, Joseph W. Caldwell. Levi Chase, William Thompson, Alexander G. Mc- Queen, James D. Jenks. John McDermott, Thomas A. Bere- man. William S. Whisenand. 300 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAI.RT. Surgeonfi — Milton B. Cochran. Charles H. Lothrop. Assistant Surgeons — David B. Allen, Charles H. Lothrop, John A. Ladd. John J. Sanders, James Hervey, Asa Morgan. Additional Assistant Surgeon — Charles H. Lothrop. Adjtdanits — Joseph C. Stone, David A. Kerr, John A. Don- nell. Henrv L. Morrill. Quarterinaxters — Martin L. Morris, Samuel C. Dickerson, (laus H. Albers, Wm.' W. Fluke. Commissaries- — Henry L. Dashiell, Robert X. Newell. Battalion Adjutants — David A. Kerr, James M. Bryan, Henry L. Robinson, Joseph S. Edsall. Battalion Quartermasters — John A. Landis, (^harles A. Case, William H. Mussy. Chaplain.^ — James W\ Latham, John M. Coggeshall, James S. Rand. Company A. ('aptai/u.s — Wm. M. (i. Torrence, Alex. (i. McQueen, Rob- ert M. Reynolds, Thomas J. O'Bleness. First Lieutemi'Tits — Alex. G. McQueen, Robert M. Reynolds, John R. Marshall, John L. Russell, Thomas J. (VBleness. Al- exander P. Boyse. Second Lieutenants — Robert M. Reynolds, .John A. Bishop, John R. Marshall, John L. Russell, Thomas J. CVBleness, Al- exander P. Boyse. Company B. Cajftains — Wm. E. Leffingwell, Samuel S. Burdett, Joseph T. Foster. Fi7'st Lieuten<;i/iits—Sa.mue\ S. Burdett, Joseph T. Foster, Henry P. Shiffer. Seco7id Lieutenant.^ — William H. DeFreest. Henry P. Shif- fer, Hiram S. Heberling. Company C. Captains — Levi C^hase, Thomas Jones, Thomas J. R. Perry. Fi/st Lieutenants — Benjamin Raney, Thomas Jones, Matthew Ronaldsoii, Thomas J. R. Perrv, Clinton M. Turner. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA OAVALRY. 301 Second Lieutenants — Albert F. Dean, Thomas Jones, Matthew Ronaldson, William A. Clark, Clinton M. Turner. Company D. Captains — P. Gad Bryan, James D. Jenks, George M. Walker. First Lieutenants — James D. Jenks, William R. Shriver, George M. Walker, James G. Rutter. Second Lieutenants — William R. Shriver, Geo. M. Walker. William B. Ramsey. Company E. Captains — William Thompson, Thomas A. Bereman, Wm. A. Coulter. First Lieutenants — William P. McClure, Silas R. Nugen, William A. Coulter, Christian C. Kauffman. Second: Lieutenants — Thomas A. Bereman, Sumner B. Mar- shall, William A. (\nilter. Christian C. Kautfman, George E. Ives. Company F. Captains — »James O. Gower, Philip E. Shaver, Chas. Dustin. Fi7'.st Lieutemints — James R. Elliott, Philip I£. Shaver, Charles Dustin, Jacob Hursh, Charles W. W. Dow. Second Lieutenxints — Philip E. Shaver, Chas. Dustin, Jacob Hursh, Chas. W. W. Dow. James C. Huskins. Company G. Captainx — James I). Thompson, John McDermott, Albert W. Hosford. First Lieutenmits — .John McDermott, Elkanah S. Foster, Ernest A. Klingenberg. Second Lieutenants — Elkanah S. Foster, Solomon Smith, Albert W. Hosford, Eli Waring. Company H. Captains — Daniel Anderson, Riley Westcoatt, William S. Whisenand. Albert U. McCorraick. 302 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. JF'h'st LieutenmiU — Riley Westeoatt, Wni. S. Whisenand, Albert U. McCormick, Samuel T. Craig. Second Lieutenant.^ — Wm. 8. Whisenand, Albert U. Mc- Cormick, Samuel T. Craig, George M. Mai-k. Company I. ('((jttaiuK — Joseph W. (^aldwell, David C. Dinsmore, Amos Dilley. Fint Lieutenants — David C. Dinsmore, Amos Dilley, Jo- seph H. Springer. Second Lievtenantx — William H. Kitterman, Samuel M. Lindsey. Company K. (\tptainx — Robert L. Freeman, Thomas H, Barnes, James M. Russell. Fii'xt Lieutenantii — Thomas Henry Barnes, Chas. F. Keeler, Walter W. Carpenter. Second Lieutenants — Albert L. Freeman, Hiram H. Sovvles, C^harles F. Keeler, James M. Russell, Charles DuBois. Company L. Oaptainn — Herman H. Heath, David C. Mclntyre. First Liexiteiimits — David C. Mclntyre, James M. Simeral. Second Lieutenants — James M. Simeral, Warren Y. Reeves, John M. Enochs. Company M. ('aptains — Wm. H. Ankeny, James P. Crosby, Solomon Townsend. First L'ieutenmits — James Crissy. Edwin A. Dunham, Geo. McDouall. Second Liefutenants — James P. Crosby, Edwin A. Dunham, Solomon Townsend, George McDouall, Edward Ware. DETACHED SERVICE. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel William Thompson. In June. 1863, at the organization of General John W. Davidson's great Cavalry Division of the Missouri. I was detailed, by his t)rder and by the consent of Colonel Cower, as Inspector General of the di- vision. I remained on duty in this capacity until the General was relieved by (yeneral Eugene Carr nearly a year after, when I was re tained by (ieneral Carr as Inspector (General and Chief of Staff com- bined. I remained on (reneral Carr's staff until the day after (ieneral Price of the ( "onfederate army and his command crossed the Arkansas I'iver. going north on his raid on Pilot Knob, in 1S64. when I was ordered to St. Louis by (ieneral Carr. for the purpose of obtaining horses for his command and to apprise (ieneral Rosecrans of (General Price's coming. There were no horses obtainable, (ieneral Davidson had become Chief of Cavalry Bureau in the West, with his headquarters at St. Louis. Learning of my arrival, he at once detailed me on his staff as Sujjervis- ing lnspectf)r of Cavalry horses, and fix6d my headquarters at Keokuk. Iowa. On the Sth of June. 1S64, I was commissioned Colonel of the First Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, and on the 20th I had returned to Little Rock, was mustered as ('olonel, and took charge of the regiment. In March. April and May of 1865. I commanded a brigade under (ienei-al Osborne at Memphis, and in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. In June I moved with my regiment to Alexandria, Louis- iana, and re])orted to General (ieo. A. Custer, who in a short time after ordered me in command of the Second Brigade of his division. In this position we remained until we arrived at Austin. Texas. After that, 804 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. during the winter of 1865-6, I was ordered by General Custer to pro- ceed to San Antonio, Texas, to relieve General Stanley, and to take command of all the cavalry stationed there, some six or eight regiments. This duty I performed, and i"emained there until I left for home to be mustered out. I left there the last of February, and had reached Gal- veston by the 1st of March. WILLIAM THOMPSON. Colonel Daniel Anderson. Officer issuing order. General J. W. Davidson. Detached in com- mand of Second Brigade Cavalry Division, from October, 1863, to March 23, 1864. Also detached on military commission at Little Rock. Arkansas. Detached March 23, 1864, commanding post Little Rock. by order of Major General Steele. Major Levi Chase. Officer issuing order. Colonel Fitz Henry Warren. Number of order lost in the fire at Clinton. Missouri. Place of service, in command of post at Osceola, Missouri. Date, summer of 1862. Also detached by order of Brigadier General J. W. Davidson in the fall of 1863, and as- signed to the command of Remount Camp for Cavalry Division at Little Rock, Arkansas, during the following winter. During this time also acted as judge of regimental court. First Iowa Cavalry. C. Henri Albers. ' • Was detached as clerk to the A. A. General of Phillips" brigade, October, 1862, perhaps a month, at Cross Hollows. Was appointed R. Q. M. of the Third Iowa Cavalry, at the expiration of the detached service.'" H. L. Morrill. ' ' Never was detached from regiment so as to leave it, but served as Acting Assistant Adjutant General of brigade under Colonel Thompson. Also served on court martial at Austin, Texas, by order of General ("uster." Surgeon D. B. Allen. •Was commissioned Surgeon of the Thirtieth Iowa Infantry, April 10th, 1863. Was in the First Division Fifteenth Army Corps, com- manded by General W. T. Sherman. Joined my regiment on or about May 1st, 1863." -j H. L. Dashiell. Was Provost Marshal at Clinton, Missouri has no record of date. EVARTS S. EvviNG. Not found. HISTOKY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 305 COMPANY A. Lieutenant J. A. Bishop. Was on a military commission in the winter of 1862-3. a short time at Springfield, Missouri, at the time Marmadvike made the raid on the town. Do not recollect the date. COMPANY B. Captain S. S. Bukdett. In the fall of 1862, Brigadier General Fitz Henry Warren had me detailed as Brigade Quartermaster on his staff. Served with him in the field in that capacity until the spring of 1863, when, by order of the Major General commanding the Department of the Missouri, I was de- tailed as Assistant Provost Marshal of the Department, and assigned to duty at St. Louis, where I remained until mustered out at end of term of service. (August, 1864.) Have mislaid all the special orders, etc. J. M. Gates. Okdeklv Sekueant. Officer issuing order. General Fitz Henry Warren. Place of service, Davenport and vicinity. Date, October, 1862. Nature of service, re- cruiting for company. R. M. BoDELL, Vetekinauv Sukgeon. Order of General Steele. Place of service, with the Fourth Arkan- sas Cavalrj-. Nature of service, veterinary surgeon. COMPANY C. Lieutenant Clinton M. Tuknek. Officer issuing order. Major McDermott. Number not remembered. Place of service, command of Company L. at Mexico, Missoui'i. and on ••Price's raid," in fall of 1864. Command of I company from North Missouri to Little Rock, December. 1864. Command of B company at Austin. Texas. January, 1866. by oi'der of Colonel Wm. 'rh()m])son. Captain T. J. R. Pekkv. I was in command of Columbia. Missouri, during the •• Price raid," but cannot send the date or order used. Lieutenant Geokge Van Beek. Officer issuing order. Colonel Fitz Henry Warren. Number of order, special. Place of service and with whom. Montevallo, Missouri, and served continuously until relieved at Forsyth, Missouri — first with Ew- ing A. ; then with Lieutenant Shafer. at Osceola, Missouri : then with Billy Wilson, driving hospital team. Date of service, from May, 1862, to February, 1863. Nature of service, teamster for regi- mental hospital; detailed as such at Springfield. Missouri, fall of 1862. 39 306 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. COMPANY D. Lieutenant William R. Shriver. Officer issuing order, Major General Fred. Steele, commanding De- partment of Arkansas. Place of service, detailed on recruiting service for P'irst Iowa Cavalry, December 28th, 1863, from Little Rock, Ark- ansas. Returned to same place, and to our regiment, having recruited 128 men. about May 10th, 1864. COMPANY E. Lieutenant Silas R. Nugen. Order issued by General Frank Herron. Place of service, Rolla, Missouri. Nature of service, command section of artillery. Detached August, 1863. to assist Quartermaster of Third Brigade, General Da- vidson's Cavalry Division. By order of General Davidson, was made (in Avigust, 1863,) Quartermaster of Third Brigade. General Davidson's Cavalry Division: served until December, 1863. December 1st, by order of (Jeneral Fred. Steele, was ordered to Jackson Post, Arkansas, to act as Post Quartermaster ; served two months. In January, 1864, by order of Colonel John M. (ilover, was made Brigade Quartermaster of Third Brigade. Cavalry Division ; served under Colonel (jlover until March 15th, 1864. By order of General Carr was appointed Quarter- mastei- : served under General Carr until April 20th, 1864. Lieutenant William McClure. By order of ( 'olonel Fitz Henry Warren, sent to St. Louis, in the summer of 1862. from Butler, for indictments and papers from Provost Marshal (General at St. Louis. Have no date ; papei'S lost. (H)MPANY F. Cai'Tain J. R. Elliott. Officer issuing order Captain William E. Leffingwell, Company B. Number of order. No. 1 . Place of service, Osceola. Missouri. Date of service. April 15th. 1SH2. Nature of service. Provost Marshal. Lieutenant James C. Huskins. Name of officer issuing order. Colonel James O. Gower. Place of service, Davenport, Iowa. Date, 1S62. Nature of service, recruiting for First Iowa Cavalry. COMPANY G. Captain James D. Thompson. Name of officer issuing order. Major General Schoheld. Place of service, Butler. Missouri. Nature of service, military commission. Lieutenant Henry Gregory. Place of service, east of Little Rock. Major Chase in command. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 307 Date of service, after taking- of Little Rock by Federal troops. Nature of service, recuperating and guarding stock. COMPANY H. Captain Riley Westcoatt. Major General ('urtis. All my war records were captui-ed by the enemy. Place of service, Jeffei'son City, Sedalia and Clinton, Missouri. Nature of service. Quartermaster's department at post. Lieutenant Samuel T. Ckaig. Detached as Ordnance Officer of arsenal for a short time, at Little Rock, Arkansas. Detached as A. A. Quartermaster, First Brigade, at same place, (ieneral Cyrus Bussey commanding. Detached as A. A. Quartermaster, Second Brigade, Cavalry Division. Colonel William Thompson commanding, with second expedition to Camden. Arkansas, January 2d, 1865, (xeneral E. E. Carr commanding. Detached as A. A. A. General Cavalry Division. General E, D. Osbaud commanding, at Memphis, Tennessee. Detached as A. A. Quartermaster District West Tennessee, June loth, 1865, General B. S. Robei-ts commanding, at Memphis, Tennessee. Detached as Ordnance Officer. June 15th. 1865. Memphis, Tennessee. General B. S, Roberts commanding. Detached as A. A, Quartermaster, special order No. 109, November 2yth. 1865, Genei'al Custer commanding, Austin, Texas, to proceed to Galveston, Texas, to procure quartermaster stores and clothing and camp equipage for troops at .\iistin, Texas. COMPANY K. ( APTAiN Robert L. Fkeeman. Officer issuing order. Colonel H. Bertram, commanding First Brig- ade, Third Division. Seventh Army Corps, Number of order, unknown. Place of service, in the field directly after battle of Prairie (irove. Served under Colonel Bertram, Col, Glover, ('olonel Daniel Anderson and others commanding the brigade. Nature of service. Acting Assist- ant Adjutant General. Provost Marshal. Clinton, several months. Cap- tain James M. Russell. Officer issuing order. Lieutenant Colonel J. W. ('aid well. This order was left in the hands of Paymaster Major Smith. Place of service — first, while en route from St. Louis. Missouri, to Dav- enport, Iowa : second, Davenport, Iowa, under Lieutenant Colonel Wm. N. (jeer, superintendent of recruiting service in State of Iowa. Date of service. May 15th, 1864, to June 20th, 1864. Nature of service — first, in command of Company B ; second, in charge of ordnance and ordnance stores of the First Iowa Cavalry while the regiment was at home on veteran furlough. 308 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Lieutenant A. L. Freeman. Officer issuing order. Colonel Dan Hueston. Place of service and with whom, Sedalia, Missouri, as Assistant Provost Marshal, with Lieutenant Crissy. Date of service, in the spring of 1863. Also at Gsceola, Missouri, as Quartermaster and Commissary, in the summer of 1863, by order of Colonel Warren and Major Leffingwell, some two months. Second Lieutenant Charles DuBois. Officers issuing orders, Brigadier General Sturgis and Major General (i. A. Custer. Number of orders^first, special No. 1, General Sturgis ; second, special order No. 2. Places of service — first, Austin, Texas ; second. San Antonio, Texas. Dates of service — first, December 4th, 1865, to January 15th. 1866: second, January 15th, 1865. to February, 1866. Nature of service, engineer and ordnance officer. Private Frank Pease. Officer issuing order, H. H. Heath. Place of service and with whom. Clinton. Missouri ; Provost Marshal and Quartermaster. Date of ser- vice, spi'ing of 186'2. Nature of service, captured the forms of a rebel paper, and printed off a lot of jjapers on the old forms, and then set up the other side with intensely Union matter, so the newspaper presented the anomaly of being one side rebel and one side loyal. (Papers sold lively. ) Printing Provost Marshal and Quai-tei-ra aster blanks. COMPANY L. CAPT.41N D. C. McInTYKE. Name of officer issuing order. Major (Teneral Halleck. Number of order. 88, headquarters. Department of Missoiui. Place of service and with whom. Captain H. B. Hendershott, Second Artillery, U. S. A.: superintendent of recruiting service for the .State of Iowa. Date. July •25th, 1862, until October 9th. 1862. Nature of service. A. A. Adjutant. A. A. Quartermaster and A. A. ( "omraissary of the recruiting service for the State of Iowa, at Davenport, Iowa. Detached — officers issuing order. Lewis Merrill. ( 'olonel in charge of West Division Cavalry Bu- reau, and Major (xeneral Rosecrans. Number of order, 75, Western Division Cavalry Bureau. Number of order. 192, headquarters Depart- ment of the Missouri. Date of service. July 7th, 1864, until September 2d, 1S64. Nature of service, A. A. Adjutant General, West Division ('avalry Bureau. St. Louis, Missouri. Lieutenant James M. Simekal. Names of officers issuing orders. General Sturgis. (Teneral Herron, General Fred. Steele, War Department, (Colonel Vincent. Numbers of HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 309 orders, all burned. Nature of service, Assistant Commissary of Muster, under Colonel Bonnefield, Department of Missouri, from May, 1863, to March, 1864 ; court martial, June or July, 1862 ; Commissary of Post at Todd Barracks, Columbus, Ohio, about the 10th of April, 1865. COMPANY M. A. D. Gaston. Names of officers issuing order. Brigadier General B. S. Roberts and Brigadier Genei'al Alf. Sully. Place of service. Davenport, Iowa. Date of service, spring of 1862. PROMOTIONS. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Fitz Henry Warren. Promoted Brigadier General. Brevet Major General. Colonel William Thompson. Promoted March 13th, 1865. Brevet Brigadier General. Major James D. Jenks. Promoted Brevet Lieutenant Colonel United States Volunteers. March 15th, 1«65. Major W. M. G. Torrence. Promoted Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel Thirtieth Iowa Infantry. Lieutenant Colonel A. G. McQueen. Promoted Brevet Colonel and Brigadier (ieneral United States Vol- unteers. Surgeon M. B. Cochran. Promoted Assistant Surgeon United States Volunteers. May iHth. 1864. Surgeon United States Volunteers, Novemher 25th. 1864. Bre- vet Ijieutenant C'olonel. Assistant Surgeon D. B. Allen. Promoted April 10th, 1863, Surgeon Thirtieth Iowa Infantry. Assistant Surgeon Asa Morgan. Promoted May 12th. 1866, Surgeon Twelfth Illinois Cavalry Vol- unteers- Adjutant H. L. Morrill. Promoted Brevet C'aptain and Major United States Volunteers. COMPANY A. Joseph S. Van Sant, Adjutiint First Regiment Arkansas Infantry, September 2d. 1862. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 311 John Mack. Promoted Captain Regiment Illinois Volunteers, October nth. 1861. Herman J. Huiskamp. Promoted Second Lieutenant Sixth Missouri (^'avalry, March 20th, Ambrose Gallagher. Promoted May 26th, 1863, Eleventh Missouri ("avalry. John Hekwick. Promot.ed Fourth Arkansas Infantry, A. D. Charles E. Moss, Jr. Promoted Second Lieutenant Forty-first Missouri Infantry, Septem- ber 4th. 1864. Zachariah E. Thomas. * Promoted March 24th, 186-, to Eleventh Missouri Cavalry. COMPANY B. John M. Gates. Promoted First I^ieutenant Company A. Sixth Iowa (Javalry, Jan- uary 31st, 1863. Simon J. Toll. Promoted Second Lieutenant Sixth Iowa ('avalry. January 31st, 1863. Robert W. Bodell. To accept promotion. Ezra ,]. Smith. Promoted February 14th, 1865, Twelfth Missouri Infantry. COMPANY C. William P. Allen. Promoted to Lieutenant Sixty-seventh United States Colored Infantry. Andrew W. Wyman. Promoted June 26th, 1864, First Lieutenant Company F, Second Arkansas ("avalry. Thaddeus J. Dean. Promoted September 12th. 1861, Captain in BisselTs Engineer Regi- ment of the West. COMPANY D. William H. Newman. Promoted March 12th, 1863. First Arkansas Infantry. DeWitt C. Kelly, Promoted June 8th, 1864. Hospital Steward U. S. A, (Dead.) 312 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, Elihu G. Barkek. Promoted One Hundred and Thirteenth U. S. Infantry, A. D. EWAKTS S. EWING. Promoted January 31st. 1866. Captain C. S. U. 8. Volunteers. COMPANY E. Mortimer B. Darkell. Promoted November 1st. 1861. to Eighteenth U. S. Infantry. COMPANY F. Richard L. Hoxie. Promoted June 15th, 1864, Cadetship at West Point. Charles H. Thompson. Promoted Captain C. S. U. S. Volunteers, August 30th. 1863. COMPANY G. Henry P. Gregory. Promoted November 18th. 1864, to Fourth Arkansas ('avalry. COMPANY I. John W. Madison. Promoted May 11th, 1863. Hospital Steward. Eighth Missouri ( 'avalry. (COMPANY K. Frank Pease. Promoted January 10th. 1864, First Ivieutenant Third Arkansas ( 'avalry. James A. Lyons. Discharged May 12th. 1862, for wounds. Promoted Lieutenant (Company A. Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, October 3d. 1862. George E. Dayton. Promoted January 31st. 1863. Lieutenant Company C, Sixth Iowa Cavalry. William P. Bowers. Promoted June 15th, 1864, Assistant Surgeon Eighth Missouri ('avalry. COMPANY L. Daniel W. Mason. Promoted December 16th, 1863. First Lieutenant and Adjutant Third Arkansas Cavalry. Nathaniel W. Wellivek. Promoted October 14th, 1864. Lieutenant Fourth Arkansas Cavalry. v> ^N Walter S. Gray, Co. A. P. P. BUBKHALI., Co. H. Walter S. Hamdley, Co. 1! D. D. Burnett, Co. D. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 313 H. H. Heath. Promoted February 28th, 1863, Major Seventh Iowa Cavalry. Col- onel same regiment. May 81st. 1S6/) : and Brevet Brigadier General, March IHth, lM6o. COMPANY M. A. D. (iA.STON. Promoted Second Lieutenant Company A. Twenty-sixth Iowa In- fanti'y. 40 NECROLOGY. ■' There is a reaper whose name is Death." " And by the cypresses softly o"ershadowed, Until the angel calls them, they slumber." It would perhaps been proper to have included a ■•Roll of Honr)r" of the namen of those who sleep in '■ Those low, green tents, Wliose eurtains never outward swing." but what greater tribute can I pay than your historian has so ably paid them in the preceding pages. • ■ They were active in the greatest struggle man has ever waged against his brother ; they stood where death was king and life a jest, in the hour of liberty's supremest need, and were victors in a cause whose success sent the sunshine of hope into the face of men of every clime upon whom there rested the heavy hand of oppression." I cannot add more. Since the close of the war many have answered "Here" to the last '• r-ol] call." who muster now beyond the starlit line. " He sleeps, but wakes elsewliere, For God has said Amen." " Kest. soldier ! By the father's hand Here shall the child of after years be led, With his wreath -offering silently to stand In the luished presence of the glorious dead." An ertort has been made to have the list of deaths since the return of the cavalrymen to private life, as nearly complete as i)Ossible : but it is difficult either to learn where all the living reside and follow their I'hanges. or to ascertain who among the members may die from year to year, and no doubt still other names should be added to the roster of the dead, if known. VIKCilNIA LOTHROl'. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CA\ ALKY. 815 DEATH ROLL SINCE THE WAR, AS FAR AS KNOWN. Colonel Fitz Henry Warren. Colonel James O. Gower. CJolonel J. W. Caldwell. Lieutenant Colonel Charles E. Moss. Surgeon Charles Henry Lothrop. Assistant Surgeon Thomas B. Drake. Assistant Surgeon John J. Saunders. Hospital Steward Edward Winters. Battalion Adjutant Joseph S. Edsall. Chaplain James W. Latham. Chaplain James S. Rand. Acting Sergeant Major Thomas Marsh. Captain R. M. Reynolds, Company A. ('aptain William E. Leffingwell. Com[)Hny B. Captain Amos Dilley. Company L Captain Thomas H. Barnes, Company K. Captain H. H. Heath, Company L. Captain William Ankeny, Company M. Captain Solomon Townsend. Company M. Lieutenant John R. Marshall. Company A. Lieutenant A. P. Boyce. Company A. Lieutenant Jacob Hursh, Company D. Lieutenant George E. Ives. Company E. Lieutenant Warren Y. Reeves. Company L. Musician Gamaliel B. Williams. Farrier William Mann. John Herwick. Company A. William H. Carey. Company A. Albin Blood. Company A. Prentice K. Tuttle, Company A. Jonathan Ford, Company A. Benjamin Blair, Company A. E. Hollingsworth. Company A. L. B. Wisby, Company A. W. L. Soper. (/Ompany B. Charles E. Crocker. Company B. Orrin B. Crane, Company B. Francis Bias, Company B. 316 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. H. B. Stockwell, Company B. William C. Brown, Company ('. Hiram Brown, Company C. Jesse Slough. Company D. Baylisa E. Lake, Company D. Whitman Corey, ('ompany 1). I). C. Kelley, Company D. W. A. Davis, Company E. L. S. Drink water. Company (i. John (lebhart. Company ii. James Stone. Company (t. Stephen (t. Rice, Company (4. James Craig-, Company H. Henry C. Harlan, Company I. (leorg-e W. Pi'iest. Company I. Noah W. Briels, Company I. Andrew Brownson. ("ompany L. Thomas Rhatigan. Company L. Louis LaFrance, Company L. Martin V. Lillie. Comiaany L. John Wilson. ( 'ompany M. .J. H. Tierney. Company M. J. H. Tietjens. Company M. PERSONAL SKETCHES. SURGEON (HAS. H. LOTHROP. The author of this book deserves prominence among' those of whom personal sketches are in the volume, both on account of his service with the First Cavalry Reg'iment of Iowa and because of his labors in massing its history within reasonable compass and within the reach of all. A correspondent wrote him. when the task was assumed, that he was not the right man for historian of the regiment, because he would not do him- self justice. The remark was correct, and yet. in all other respects, un- doubtedly Surgeon Lothrop was the most competent man in the organi- zation to chronicle its patriotic deeds of heroic yepa's. His abilities and methods of observation, his position and habit of making notes, added to his brotherly regard for and intense admiration of the soldiers of the command, rendered him the fittest man for the work — a labor of love and of life indeed to him. and of gratification to his compatriots. The paragraphs following are from different pens — written by ;i professional associate, a comrade of the war. and a citizen friend, (n portion of the latter's having before appeared in ]irint, ) — but altogethei- are very inadequate to the occasion. 'I'he subject of this sketch. Charles Henry I^othi-oj). M. I)., was born at Taunton. Massachusetts. September 8d. 1X81. He was of English descent, and could proudly trace his lineage back through Rev. John Lothrop. who arrived in this coimtry September 18th. 1684. to the time of Richard the Se(;ond. After passing through the '^raunton high school and the University grammar school, he entered Krown Univei'sity and there fitted himself for the study of his chosen profession, leaving Brown University be- fore completing his course, to a(;ce])t the position of su])erint('ndrii1 of 318 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. schools at Youngstown. Ohio, which position he held for a year. He then entered the medical department of the University of the City of New York, and after two years of professional study graduated from that institution June 80th, 1858. He located in Lyons, Iowa, in July of the same year, and at once took an eminent position among the phy- sicians, and by his studies, investigations and writings was known to the profession throughout the State as a man of ability in his calling. At the breaking out of the i-ebellion (xovernor Kirkwood appointed him Additional Assistant Surgeon of the First Iowa Cavalry. After- ward he was ])romoted to be Assistant Surgeon, and upon the retire- ment of Surgeon Cochran was promoted to be Surgeon of that regi- ment, which position he held until its final muster out in March, 1866. The ripe experience gained during the five years of service in the army, added to the firm foundation laid by his early studies, eminently fitted him upon his return home to become one of the foremost surgeons" of the day — a rank which he maintained to the day of his death ; and it is an evidence of the mental superiority of the man. that, in spite of the terrible affliction which he suffered — the germs of which wei-e con- tracted during those days of marching and nights of exposure which are so clearly depicted in the foregoing pages, and which for seventeen long years made bis life such a torture as none can conceive but those who were with him and attended him, and which he knew could only end in death — he could take such an interest in his profession as to maintain such a position. He died at his home in Lyons, Iowa, Feb- ruary 6th, 1890. The foregoing history, written by the regimental historian, the late Major and Surgeon Charles H. Lothrop, contains little mention of him- self or his personal services while Surgeon of our regiment. To me has been assigned this pleasant yet sad duty. I feel that others more able than myself should have undertaken this, and yet none can have a greater love or kinder remembrances of our dear comrade than the writer. Being but a boy when in the service, I shall always remember the many kind words spoken to me by him and the attention I re- ceived at his hands. Comrade Lothrop was greatly beloved by every member of his regi- ment. I am safe in saying that no regiment in the Union army received better care at the hands of their Surgeon than the First Iowa Cavalry while in charge of Dr. Lothrop. Always with the boys, whether on the battle field, the march, in the camp or hospital — during his four years of service he was on duty in fifty-two engagements — ever present, with HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 319 nothing' but kind words and loving hands to minister to their wants. An ardent patriot, a true friend, a faithful surgeon, a man whose kind- ness of heart was exceeded only by his ability as a physician and svir- geon. • ' his boys " will ever remember in kindness the many sacrifices he made for them. General Burdett says : ■ • I desire to express my great admii-ation for the many qualities of his character which made him a man quite above the common level of our kind. No truer patriot, no braver sol- diei'. no kindlier man than Dr. Lothrop, was to be found among the survivors of the great strug-gle in which he won the love and admiration of his comrades." The truth of Comrade Burdett" s assertion can be testified to bj' all survivors of the First Iowa Cavalry. Courteous to all. the humblest private received the same consideration at his hands as did the Major General commanding the department. No officer in the regiment was more active than he to relieve the regiment of the dishonor cast upon it by General Custer. While some were evidently afraid to express their opinions. Comrade Lothrop was outspoken and fearless of the re- sult. Reporting the matter to the (Governor of Iowa, he was largely instrumental in causing the court martial of Custer and his retirement for a year from the army. What more can be said of our comrade than this l* He was beloved by all, and gave his life for the boys he loved so well. Ever anxious to relieve their suffering, he by over-work and exposure contracted the disease which caused such terrible suffering the last twenty years of his life and culminated in his death. Mourned by all lovers of the Union, he will be sadly missed by all his old comrades, in whose intei'est he labored so long and faithfully. May he rest in peace. The Doctor was a prominent figure in Lyons, professionally and per- sonally, for thirty years, notwithstanding the fact that ])aralysis de- prived him of the use of his lower limbs seventeen years ago. Under this disadvantage he has. by indomitable will, and as a consequence of his acknowledged skill as physician and sui-geon. attended to a large office practice most of the time, besides discharging the duties of Ex- amining Surgeon for Pensions : and further, has compiled and i.ssued State Medical Directories, and performed other autorial labors. His latest, most valuable and most laborious literary achievement has been the writing of a history of the First Iowa Cavalry, which, with the helj) of his wife as amanuensis, aftei' years of cori'('s])ond('iice and investiga- lioii. was practically com])leted a few wet'l<:s before his dt-atli. o2() HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. From ''A Genealogical Memoii- of the La-Lothrop Family/' pub- lished in 1884, though in part tautological, we extract: --Dr. Lothrop is a member of the Iowa and Illinois Central Medical Association, the Iowa State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association. He has also been an efficient President of the Clinton County Medical Society, a member of the Examining Committee of the Medical Depart- ment Iowa State University, and since 1868 an Examining Surgeon for I'ensions. He is author of the Medical and Surgical Directory of Iowa, and has written several medical essays, some of which have been pub- lished in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. "" He was a member of Colonel N. B. Howard Post, G. A. R., of De Witt, a member- of the military order of the Loyal Legion, and the '" Chai'les H. Lothrop Camp, Sons of Veterans." of Dysart, Iowa, was named after him — which honor he reciprocated by the presentation of a superb banner. Dr. Lothrop was a man of earnest convictions and strong feelings, and like all such men made hearty friends and bitter enemies. At his best, he was an intense patriot whose ardor continued to the end ; a faithful comrade, rendering his work on the history of his regiment a genuine labor of love ; an unfaltering and valued friend where he was friendly : and at the close was moved to the depths of his heart with gratitude for the hourly care given him by his wife for nearly a score of years, which unremitted attention alone made life tolerable. Upon no other Army Surgeon have we ever heard so much praise bestowed by soldiers as upon Di". Lothrop — and the First Iowa Cavalry passed through many scenes where the worth of Surgeon as well as fighting men was fully tried — and his proudest memento was the regard of the men with whom he had encountered the dangers of war. and many of whom he had rescued from death. REGISTER OF SERVICE. In Department of Missouri, from May 26th to September 20th, 1862. In Army of Southwest Missouri, from September 28th to October 16th, l(S62. In Army of the Frontier, from October 16th, 1862. to June 5th. 1 S63. With Arkansas expedition, from June 5th, and in Army of Ark- ansas and Seventh Ai-my Corps, Cavalry Division, from December, 1863. to May. 1864. In Department of Missouri, from July to December. 1863. In Department of Arkansas. January, 1865. In District of West Tennessee, from February to June, 1865. In Division of the Gulf, fi-om June 23d to February loth, 1866. On detached service, in charge of Post Hospital at Clinton, Missouri. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 321 May 26th. 1862. Medical Director Army of the Frontier, December 10th, 1862, and in charge of Field Hospital at Fayetteville, Arkansas. Member of Medical Board to examine qualifications of an Assistant Surg-eon, May 27th, 1863. In charge of the Bloomfield General Field Hospital. July 17th, 1863. President of Medical Board for examina- tion of cavalrymen recommended for discharg-e for disability, October 13th. 1863. Assigned to duty in Seventh Army Corps Hospital, April 7th, 1864. Senior Surg-eon of brigade. October 13th. 1864. Surgeon- in-Chief of Cavalry Division, January 22d, 1865. Senior Surgeon of brigade. April. 1865. President of Medical Board for examination of officers and enlisted men. August 2d, 1865. In charge of hospital steamer Starlight to New Orleans, August 7th. 1865. Senior Surgeon of brigade, February 7th, 1866. — Desultory and lacking as these tributes to Surgeon Lothrop but profess to be, full acknowledgment of the intelligent and indispensable supervision of publication by Mrs. Lothrop should here be made by As- sociation committee and printer. In the preparation of the history, and more and more as the woi-k advanced, and as his powers failed, she had been feet and hands, eyes and pen to the author ; and when no longer able to direct the final details, he was fully content to constitute his co-laborer his literary legatee— and the wisdom of his trust is at- tested by the unusual completeness and correctness of his great work. Sakah Virginia Lothrop. born at Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania, De- cember 26th, 1840. Married to Charles Henry Lothrop May 6th, 1873. Widowed February 6th. 1890. COLONEL DANIEL ANDERSON. Was born April 5th, 1821, in Monroe county, Indiana, and raised on a farm, with the ordinary limited means for education incident to a newly settled country. After his majority he improved his education for two years in a better class of schools, and then taught school and read law until 1847, when he was admitted to the bai-, and came to Iowa in Feb- ruary. 1848 ; stopped at Keokuk one year, and on May 1st. 1849, settled perm.anently at Albia, Monroe county. Iowa, and commenced the prac- tice of his profession. On October 14th. 1849. he was married to Miss Amanda M. Harrow, who is now his wife and mother of his five stal- wart sons, (and a daughter and son dead. ) He was elected State Senator August. 1854, and again in October, 1858 — was in six sessions, the last one. May. 1861: and same month volunteered and helped to raise the old regiment. Served as Captain of Company H from its organization until he was made Major. July 41 322 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 10th, 1862 : Lieutenant Colonel. February IStli, 1863 : Colonel. Aug-ust 21st. 1863. and so remained until discharged for disability about June 1st, 1864. Was a Lincoln Elector in fall of 1864. Was offered a nomi- nation for Congress, but could not accept on account of ill health. Was Register in Bankruptcy after 1867 for several years. He thinks better of his three years' service vi'ith the old regiment than any other three years of his life. t;OLONEL WILLIAM THOMPSON. Was born in Manallen township, Fayette county. Pennsylvania. No- vember 10th. 1S13. Was moved to Mount Vernon. Ohio, in the spring of 1817. and was moved into the wilderness, where the old Thompson homestead — since made — now stands : where he lived and worked until after twenty-one years old. His early education was limited, having attended only six winter (three months') common schools, taught mainly by the old-time Irish schoolmaster. He read law and other studies with Columbus Delano, and in three years and a half was cred- itably admitted to the practice of law in the Supreme Court of Ohio. In 1839 he went to Iowa, where he attained many unanticipated civic and military distinctions. MAJOR LEVI CHASE. Was born October 23d. 1823. in Washington county. State of Maine, (iraduated at the Collegiate Institute at Nunda, State of New Yoi-k, in April, 1846. By profession an attorney at law. At the commencement of the war was practicing his profession in Louisa county, Iowa. Mus- tered into the service with the regiment as CajDtain of Company C. Was assigned to the command f)f the post of Osceola, and the southern divis- ion of (Colonel Warren's District of Missouri, in the spring of 1862, and held this command until the fall of that year, when the post was vaca- ted, and the regiment joined (General James C. Blvint. First Division Army of Southwest Missouri, at Springfield, Missouri, and moved south into Arkansas. Was commissioned as 'Major Febrviary 1st, 1863. and after the capture of Little Rock. Arkansas, was by the order of the (General commanding assigned to the command of Removint Camp, at Little Rock, established for the purpose of remounting the cavalry di- vision, and ])utting it in condition for service. He held this command until February 12th. 1X64. when he was mustered out on the Sui'geon's certificate of disability. Broken down in health by exposure in the servi(^e. unable to -engage in active business, he removed to the State of ( 'alifornia and settled at San Diego in that State : and having there re- covered his health, commenced and continued the practice of his pro- I HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CIAVALRV. 323 fession until January, 1H8S, when he retired from active business to enjoy the fruits of his labors, under the sunny skies of his chosen home, protected by the just and grenerous Government that he had helped to save from dissolution. SUKGEON MILTON B. COCHRAN. Milton B. Cochran, M. I)., was born in Cambridge. Franklin county, Vermont. June 7th. 1828, and moved with his parents to Milan, Erie county. Ohio, in 1836. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his grandfather was a Lieutenant in the Vermont voluntears in the Rev- olutionary war. The early education of Dr. Cochran was obtained in the district schools and the Huron Institute in Milan. In 1849 he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. L. Galpin. of Milan, and graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve College, of (Cleveland. Ohio, in 18/)L After his graduation he went to Delaware county, Ohio, where he resided until 1854, when he moved to Iowa City, Iowa. He enlisted in what became Company F. First Iowa Cavalry, in April, 1861. and upon the organization of the regiment he was commis- sioned Surgeon. He served with the regiment until November, 1862. when he was detached to serve as Medical Director of the Third Divis- ion of the Array of the Frontier. He was with the Army of the Fron- tier in all its marches and engagements from its organization until it was disbanded, and was appointed Medical Director- of that army in March, 1863. In June, 1863, he was ordered to accompany Major General Herron to Vicksburg, Mississippi, as Surgeon-in-Chief of the left wing of the investing forces. After the capture of Vicksburg he accompanied the army to Yazf)o. Port Hudson. Moi-ganza and New Orleans. At his own request, in October he was ordered to rejoin the First Iowa, then at Little Rock. Arkansas. Arriving at Little Rock late in November, he was at once assigned to the Cavalry Division of the Sev- enth Corps, under Brigadier General Davidson, as Surgeon-in-Chief. in which position he remained until March following. When the army under Major General Steele commenced the Camden expedition, he was assigned Medical Director of the Seventh Corps in the field. After the army reached Camden, Arkansas, Surgeon Cochran was ordered to ac- company a detachment of the Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry and the Seventy-seventh Ohio to Pine Bluff, to obtain supplies for the army ; and on the 25th of April the escort, consisting of about 1,500 infantry, two sections of artillery, and one company of cavalry, under Lieutenant 324 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. C.'olonel Drake, of the Thirty-sixth Iowa, was attacked by a large body of rebel cavalry under Major General Fegan. fresh from the repulse of Major General Banks on Red river, and the entire command, except a few of the cavalry, after a most stubborn fight was killed or captured. Of the artillery every man and hox*se was killed or wounded. The reb- els held the field. After a week of captivity. Surgeon Cochran was re- leased on the promise that he would send hospital supplies for the wounded, (about 500 in all, ) both Union and rebel forces being desti- tute. Two days after Surgeon Cochran reached Pine Bluff, sent back the supplies promised, and went to Little Rock, where he joined the First Iowa again, to return to Iowa on veteran furlough. In May. 1864, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon United States Volunteers, but his commission did not reach him until the August fol- lowing, when he resigned as Surgeon of the First Iowa Cavalry, and was assigned to hospital duty at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. In September he was appointed Chief of the Medical Examining Board of Surgeons, and sent to Benton Barracks. The duty of the board was to examine all drafted men and substitutes of the Department of the Missouri. The circular of the Adjutant General of the Army directing the Surgeon General to establish these Examining Boards, directed that the medical officers constituting them • • should be selected so as to give some of the best talent of the medical corps for the especial purpose of examining recruits."' Surgeon Cochran remained at Benton Barracks as long as the board was in existence, and was then ordered to take charge of the military hospital at Alton. Illinois. In April he was ordered to take charge of the (xeneral Hospital at Benton Barracks. Missouri, where he remained until November, 1865, when he was ordered to Iowa City to be mus- tered out of service. In May he was commissioned Surgeon of United States Vohmteers, and on November 1st. 1865. he was appointed Lieu- tenant Colonel by brevet. In 1866 he removed from Iowa City to Davenport, where he resided until 1884. when he removed to Shawano. Wisconsin. In 1890 he re- turned to Iowa City, his present home. He was one of the organizers of the State Histoi'ical Society of Iowa, of which he was two years corresponding secretary; was president of the Iowa State Medical Society in 1863 ; was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1889 ; and has always been an active member of the local medical and scientific organ- izations in places in which he has resided. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 325 ASSISTANT SURGEON ASA MORGAN. Dr. Asa Morg-an was born in Dayton, Ohio, on the 22d day of Feb- ruary, 1826. In the fall of 1833 his father removed to Indiana and settled at Thornton, Boone county, the town at this time being the re- mains of an old Indian village, with many of the cabins still standing and serving the new-comers for shelter until they could build better ones. He endured the hardships and privations of frontier life, and lived to see the place grow into a flourishing town, with good schools, churches, stores, etc., when his father migrated with his family to Iowa in the fall of 1846. and settled on a farm near Davenport. The coming winter he taught school in Rockingham, Iowa. He was now in his 21st year. He taught three successive winters, reading medicine at inter- vals, and working on his father^s farm during summers. He read medicine under Dr. Wm. H. White, of Davenport, during the winter of 1849-50. and attended a partial course of lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi, located there at the time. He took his next course at Rush Medical College, ('hicago. at the session of 1850-51. He attended his last course at the Iowa University College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, Iowa, session 1851-52. when he graduated at the close, and located in the practice of medicine at De Witt, Iowa, in March, same year. He married the only daughter of Mr. C. A. Isbel, in November, 1854. In the fall of 1857 he removed with his family, and located in the prac- tice of his profession at Pacific City. Mills county, Iowa. When the discovery of gold in the Rocky Mountains was first made known, he with many others living on the fi'ontier immediately made i*eady, and started on a trip to the auriferous fields early in 1859. After arriving there and prospecting a few weeks in the mountains, he made up hLs mind that gold digging there could not be made to pay without the ex- penditure of large capital, and thereupon he returned to the States the same summer, settled up his business at his new home on the Missouri river, and returned to his old home at De Witt, Iowa, where he pur- sued the practice of medicine until August, 1861, when he received a commission as Assistant Surgeon of the Seventh Iowa Regiment Infant- ry Volunteers, and joined his regiment same month at Iron Mountain : was with it on duty — overworked much of the time, and enduring many hard marches and suffering from the privations and disadvantages of soldiering at the commencement of the war — he fell sick, and finally became so debilitated and broken down in health, that soon after the first battle of Corinth he resigned, the last of June, 1862, and returned 326 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. home with a shattered and broken constitution. After remainino- home some two years, and health much improved, through the influence of his tried and true friend of many years, Dr. C. H. Lothrop, then Sur- g-eon of the Fii-st Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, the Governor of Iowa com- missioned him Assistant Sui-geon of that regiment, in December, 1864, with which he remained in that capacity only a few months, when he was promoted, and commissioned by the Governor of Illinois Surgeon of the Twelfth Illinois Regiment Cavalry Volunteers, in June, I860, and served with that regiment until after the close of the war, and was mustered out at Houston, Texas, in May, 1866, and became a citizen of Texas, buying a farm on Cedar Bayou, near Galveston Bay, where he now resides and still follows the vocation of his calling. ADJUTANT H. L. MORRILL. Born at Guilford, Somerset county, Maine, April -Ith, 1886. Emi- grated with his parents to Illinois in 1837, and to Iowa in January, 1841. Educated in private and common schools and academies of Iowa. Enlisted in the vokmteer service during the rebellion, in the First Iowa Cavalry, June 13th, 1861. Mustered out with the rank of First Lieu- tenant and Adjutant, and brevet Major, March loth, 1866. Entered railway service July, 1870, and in such service contiuously until the present time — now, November 1st, 1889, Second Vice President and General Manager of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway C'ompany. Residence and address, St. Louis, Missouri. ADJUTANT DAVID A. KERR. Was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, August 7th, 1838. Enlisted as a private in Company A, First Iowa Cavalry, June 13th, 1861, and mus- tered in as first sergeant C'ompany A, July 30th, 1861. Promoted Ad- jutant of the First Battalion, October 7th, 1861, Was in the engage- ment at Silver Creek, Missouri, January 8th, 1862, and was severely wounded in the right arm at Big Creek Cliffs, Cass county, Missouri, July 11th, 1862. Promoted Adjutant of the regiment October 1st, 1862. Was with the command at battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, Decembei- 7th, 1862. His wound incapacitating him for field duty, he tendered his r-esignation on Surgeon's certificate of disability, which was accepted February 6th, 1863. Returned to place of enlistment, Keokuk, Iowa, and engaged in the drug business, and has resided there ever since. O. P. SALA — C^OMPANY A. Was born in Bee Town, Grant county, Wisconsin, December 22d, 1845, His father, E. M. Sala, was a physician practicing medicine. HISTORY OK FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 327 His mother^s name before marriage was Susan Schellanburger. In 185:^ his father moved to Ashley, Pike county, Missouri. He moved his family out on a farm three miles from town, and he remained in the town with his father, who was a physician, but too old to practice medi- cine, and remained in the office and drug store. He remained there about two years, and then moved to West Point, Lee county. Iowa. Here he spent his boyhood days in going to school, attending the West Point Collegiate School three or four years. In the summer of 1861 he ran away from home and enlisted in Fletcher's flying artillery, which was located at Burlington. Iowa, Be- ing quite young, his father took him out of the battery. He remained at home until the next spring and went to school. Then he went to Keokuk, Iowa, and got a position in the Estis House Hospital as wound dresser of the first ward. Remained there until August, when he en- listed in the Thirtieth Iowa Infantry, but on the 31st of August was transferred to the First Iowa Cavalry. Joined the regiment at Twin Springs just before the battle of Prairie Grove. On the 1st of January. 1864, he re-enlisted as a veteran volunteer, for three years or during the war. and came home on a veteran furlough ; in May was sent to the Keokuk Hospital with the ague, and remained there until February. 1865, when he rejoined his regiment at St. Louis, Missouri, and then went to Texas with General Custer, and was mustered out at Austin, Texas. February loth, 1866. When he returned home he began the study of medicine again, and during the summer of 1866 went to Keokuk, Iowa, and got a position in Dr. Sanford's Surgical Infirmary, and during the winter he attended what was then called the Iowa State Medical University. In the spring of 1867 he was married to the girl who remained true to him while he was fighting for his country. Miss Ina Stewart, of West Point, Lee county. Iowa. During the summer, fall and spring of 1867-68 his wife taught school and he returned to Keokuk and finished his medical edu- cation, and then located in Franklin Center, Iowa, and practiced medi- cine initil the next spring, when he moved to Blooinington, Grant county, Wisconsin, where he has lived ever since. In 1880 his wife died, leaving him with four boys. In 1881 he was married to Alice Bowen. and has two daughters by her, by adoption. He is now in his 44th year, and in good health, all but the rheumatism in his back, caused from the ague while in the United States service. Is a mem- ber of Will Hickok Post, No, 1:34, G. A. R,, located at Bloomington, Wisconsin, and a member of l>loomington Lodge, No, lo9, I. O, O. F. ; 328 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. also a member of the Blue Lodge, No. 146, A. F. and A. M.. of Bee Town, Wisconsin, and of the Chapter at Lancaster, and of the DeMolay Commandery, No. 15, Boscobel, Wisconsin. G. R. MILLER— Company A. ' ♦ My life has been too uneventful to send a sketch of it. I was born in Cambridge, New York, in 1834 ; came to Iowa in 1855 ; enlisted June 13th, 1861, at Keokuk; re-enlisted January 1st, 1864, at Little Rock. Arkansas; discharged at Austin. Texas, February 14th, 1866." Now resides at Belinda. Lucas county, Iowa. WALTER S. GRAY— Company A. Sergeant Walter S, Gray, of Keokuk, Iowa, was born in Belmont county. Ohio, in 1831. where he resided until 1855, when he located in Indiana. In 1856 he removed to Keokuk and engaged in the pork packing business until the financial crisis of 1857, when he went to Memphis, Tennessee, and engaged in the sash, door and blind manu- facture. He remained there until 1861, when all Unionists were driven from the city, losing all he had. He returned to Keokuk and im- mediately enlisted. Re-enlisted with the regiment in 1864, but was re- jected because of ill health, and discharged in September of the same year with others of the regiment. Since then has been engaged in the lumber business at Keokuk. CAPTAIN S. S. BURDETT— Company B. Samuel Swineford Burdett was born in England, and when twelve years old with his elder brother landed on the American shores and settled in Elyria, Ohio. In due time he became a student of Oberlin College and graduated with high honors, after which he came to Iowa, settling at DeWitt. He read law, was admitted to the bar, and soon won a leading position as a, lawyer. At the beginning of the war he joined the ai-my of the Union, enlisting in the First Iowa Cavalry, and soon became Captain of Company B. In 1863 he was detailed as judge advocate at a station where he remained during the rest of the struggle. The war over he married an Iowa girl, and soon took up his abode at Osceola, Missouri, where he practiced law. He was elected to Con- gress in 1868, a^nd again in 1870. Between July l.st, 1874, and October. 1877, he was Commissioner of the General Land Office, an appointment he resigned on account of failing health. Extensive travel renewed his vigor, and he became partner in a lucrative law business at Washing- ton. He has made considerable money, and owns the beautiful Wash- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 329 ing'ton residence in whichi Mrs. Burdett and he entertain their numerous visitors. He was elected Department Commander of the Department of the Potomac, G. A. R., in 1881, and re-elected in 1882 to the same position. In 1885, at Portland, Maine, he was chosen Commander-in-Chief of the (Jrand Army. "Though born in England, General Burdett is thor- oughly American in every sense of the word, and by his tnilitary and civil services to his adopted country has contributed much to its wel- fare. As a member of Congress he had been appealed to in aid of many pensioners, and as Commissioner of the General Land Office had been importuned to give employment and aid to soldiers seeking em- ployment ; consequently he was keenly alive to all their needs, and could, as Commander-in-Chief, assist them in many ways. Members in good standing at the close of General Burdett's administration ag- gregated 295,337, which he insisted should have been many more, but for the carelessness of Post ofKcers who had not properly looked after and reported members.'' CAPTAIN J. T. FOSTER— Company B. Joseph T. Foster was enlisted as fourth sergeant in C^ompany B, First Iowa Cavalry, on the 1st day of May. 1861. at Lyons, Iowa. Was mustered into the United States service for three years on the 31st day of July, 1861. Was appointed Sergeant Major of First Battalion, Oc- tober 7th, 1861. Wounded July 11th. 1861, at Big Creek Cliffs. Trans- ferred to first sergeant Company B. September 25th. 1862. First Lieu- tenant same company, December 21st, 1862 : mustered February 7th. 1863. Captain same company. August 5th. 1864 ; mustered October 1st, 1864. Mustered out of service February 15th, 1866, at Austin. Texas. Appointed First Lieutenant Eighth United States Cavalry. April 7th, 1866. Served on the Pacific coast, at Benecia Barracks, An- gels Island, Fort C-hurchill. Nevada, and Fort McDermott, Nevada. Resigned February 10th, 1869. Participated in all the battles and skirmishes with his company from September 25th, 1862. till the day of muster out. CAPTAIN H. S. HEBERLING— Company B. Was born on December 25th, 1839, and comes of German and Scotch parents, whose ancestors came to Virginia and Pennsylvania about one hundred and fifty years ago. John Heberling. his grandfather, as well aH John Coble, his other grandparent, were both soldiers in the war of 1812, and natives of this country. His father, John Heberling, a resi- dient still of Miles, Iowa, and a native of Virginia, was an abolitionist 42 330 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. of the most pronounced type ; while his brother, Dr. James Heberling, was a resident of Missouri and espoused the Confederate cause. The Captain was therefore of a temperament known among soldiers as ••fiery.'' He enlisted ae a private at Lyons, Iowa, on May 5th, 1861. in a company that became B of the First Iowa Cavalry, and served as duty sergeant, orderly or first sergeant. Second Lieutenant, and at close of war was Ambulance Officer and A. A. A. Q. M. Second Cavalry Di- vision. Military Division of the Guli, with rank of Captain by brevet. and now, by the courtesy of comrades in whose welfare he feels a deep interest, , is President of the First Iowa Cavalry Veteran Volunteer Association. B. S. WOODWARD— Company B. Born October 31st, 1831! at East Haven, New Haven county, Con- necticut. Came to Lyons in 1857. Enlisted in Company B, First Iowa Cavalry, in July, 1861, and served three years, returning to Lyons, where he still resides. Connected with the Lamb lumber mills the last twenty-five years as manager of sale department. H. P. SHIFFER— Company B. Was born in Chenango county, New York, July 17th, 1833. Came to Iowa in 1857. Enlisted in First Iowa Cavalry, May 5th, 1861. as a private. Mustered out in Austin. Texas, February 15th, 1866, as First Lieutenant. Remained in the South for his health until he went to the Leavenworth Soldiers' Home in 1887. ISAAC RH(7DES— Company B. The subject of this sketch was born the 1st of February, 1822. in the county of Kent. England. ••Father emigrated to America in August. 1837; I came to Iowa in October, 1853. When President Lincoln called for three months' men in April. 1861, I enlisted for that service. There was a company raised and officered, but we were rather behind, for when the company was tendered the State the regiment was full, and that left US out. Then a number of us, on May 15th, enrolled into what was termed the Hawkeye Rangers, and when the order was issued for a cavalry regiment our company was tendered and accepted, and was known as Company B. I was appointed color bearer, and carried the company banner till the regiment was organized into battalions. The guidon had to be carried by a sergeant, and that caused me to lay the company banner by. In July, 1862, I was appointed chief blacksmith of the regiment, and held that position till the 31st of March, 1864. when I. was detailed to work in the Little Rock (Arkansas) Arsenal, in HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 331 the armor department, under the command of Lieutenant Thomas D. Witt. Chief Ordnance Officer, and was there till August, when I was relieved from duty, and with the detachment of non-veterans came to Davenport. Iowa, where I was mustered out of the United States service on the 10th day of September, 186-i.'" M. M. CHATFIELU— Company B. Was born in Medina county. Ohio. December 5th, 1841. Came to Minnesota in 1858. In the spring of '61 went to Clinton county. Iowa, visiting, and enlisted in Comjjany B. First Iowa Cavalry. Served until February 15th, 1866. Have lived in Minnesota and Iowa ever since. ORRIN B. CRANE— Company B. Was born in Putnam county. New York. April "id. 1834. In 1836 his parents removed to Seneca county, where they resided until 1849. Thence to Orleans county. His education was obtained at the district school, and in the winter of 1854 he taught school in the town of Water- port. In the spring of 1854 he with two elder brothers came to Jones county, Iowa, and as he was brought up on the farm he continvied the same occupation until the spring of 1859, when he with three others started for California, overland route, with thi-ee yokes of cattle. They followed the line of emigration as far as Laramie ; then as there was quite an outburst at Pike's Peak the party tur'ned off and landed in the new Eldorado. It was then getting late in the season for moving, and they began to look for winter quarters, and drifted south to Taos. New Mexico, and returned to the mines for the summer. Thence back to Jones county, Iowa, in the fall. The following winter he was deputy recorder, which place he occujjied until he enlisted. After returning from the army he served three temns as Sheriff of the county, commencing in 1868. at the expiration of which he engaged with Daniel Stewart to canvass for his county maj) in the States of Ohio and Michigan. He remained with him a year and a half. His health was then so much impaired that he returned to Anamosa. His disease had then taken a strong hold and continued to increase until the spring of 1876. when he succumbed to that fatal disease, consump- tion, which was undoubtedly caused by a rebel bullet that could not be extracted from his wound and had worked down to the left lung. He left a wife and two children. PHIL. H. FRANCIS— Company B. Phil. H. Francis, Secretary and Treasurer of the First Iowa (^avalry Veteran Volunteer Association, was born in Lyons, Iowa, November 832 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAL.RY. 3d. 1848. Educated in the public schools of Lyons. Served as private in B company. Began the study of law soon after returning home ; was admitted to the bar in 1875 ; practiced the profession until 1883. when he was elected Chief of Police of Cedar Rapids, which position he held till April. 1890, when declining a re-election he resumed the practice of law. CAPTAIN WILLIAM PRESCOTT ALLEN— Company C. Born Momaston, Maine. September 1st, 1843 ; son of Rev. L. B. Allen, D. D.. a Baptist clergyman. Moved to Burlington, Iowa, at age of 14 years. Enlisted as a private of Company C, First Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, at age of 17 years. Re-enlisted in same regiment as veter- an volunteer at Little Rock. Arkansas. Appointed Second Lieutenant Sixty-seventh United States Colored Infantry in 1863 : regiment consoli- dated with Sixty-fifth United States Colored Infantry in 1864 ; and was promoted First Lieutenant and Adjutant. Appointed Post Adjutant. Baton Rouge. Louisiana, and breveted Captain in 1864. Mustered out with "regiment at Benton Barracks. Missouri, in 1865. Came to Minne- sota and engaged in Government land surveys for five years, then went into lumber business. At present, vice president and manager of C. N. Nelson Lumber Company : residence at Cloquet. Minnesota. He is a widower, with two children. LIEUTENANT CLINTON M. TURNER— Company C. Was born May '21th. 183.5. in .lefferson county. Indiana. Re- moved to Iowa with parents at the age of five years, when Iowa was a territory. Was raised on a farm. At the breaking out of the rebellion was a miller and engineer. Enlisted on the night of the 14th of April. 1861, for the First Infantry of Iowa, but owing to the rush of companies did not get into the First or Seventh Infantry as expected. Finallj- went with a squad of sixteen to Burlington, and enlisted in Company C First Iowa Cavalry. Was elected first corporal upon organization of the company. In 1862 was promoted to commissary and quarter- master sergeant. In the veteran organization in 1864 was commissioned Second Lieutenant, and in the same year was promoted to First Lieu- tenant. Under the veteran organization was detailed at different times to command ( 'orapanies I. L and B. in absence of other commissioned officers. Participated in all campaigns and engagements of the regiment, closing with the expedition under General Custer into Texas. Was never in hospital a day. Was mustered out with regiment at Daven- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAV>L,RY. 333 port, March 15th, 1866 — lacking but thirty days of five years from date of first enlistment. PAUL HENDRICKS— Company C. Was born February 25th, 1838, in Decatur county, Indiana. At the age of three years his parents moved to the then far west, the south- eastern part of Iowa. Here he lived until the date of his enlistment as a recruit, in August, 1862, in the First Iowa Cavalry, Company C, serving one year. He then re-enlisted as a veteran, and served until the close of the war. When he first left home to fight for the stripes and stars he was engaged as a farmer in Lee county, Iowa. Leaving behind a wife and one year old baby girl, he and his only brother Will- iam went to help fill up the regiment. At the close of the war he was mustered out as color bearer of his company. He escaped the prison pens of the South, the balls of the Johnnies, but, like all other soldiers who went nobly to the front, he gave his youth and health for his country. On his return home he emigrated to Bates county, Missouri, where he resided sixteen years. He then visited his mother, (his father having died duinng the war,) in Iowa, on his way to South Dakota, in 1881, where he now resides with his family, in Hyde county. He is the father of five children, one son and four daughters, of whom two died in infancy. Although an old man in looks, with very poor health, he loves to meet the old veterans and talk over old times and tell war stories as well as ever. REMEMBRANCE M. SWAN— Company C. Born in Marshall county. West Virginia. July 27th, 1835. Emi- grated with his parents, Henry and Esther Swan, to Henry county, Iowa, on the 8th day of April, A. D. 1838. Ex-member of Company C, First Iowa Volunteer Cavalry. Also member of the Masonic order, Danville Lodge, No. 48, of Danville, Iowa. Also of the Grand Army of the Republic, Burlington, where he resides. His father, Henry V. Swan, was a Lieutenant in Company G, Thirty-seventh Iowa Volunteer Infantry. Occupation through life, farmer and stock dealer ; formerly bred the Jersey cattle. Also taught a great many terms of school, i7i his younger days, in DesMoines and Henry counties, Iowa. D. D. BURNETT— Company D. Was born in East Plymouth, Ashtabula county, Ohio, August 9th. 1839. Was raised on a farm. At the age of 21 years, in 186D. went to Iowa. In June, 1861, enlisted in Captain P. Gad Bryan's Company D, First Iowa Cavalry. Was wounded at Greer's Place, south of Lexing- 334 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ton, Missouri, in March, 1862 ; was sent home on furlough ; rejoined regiment in July, 1862, and remained with company until December, 1863, when he was sent to General Hospital at Little Rock, Arkansas, as unfit for field service on account of rheumatism. Remained there until ordered home to be mustered out in September, 1864. Returned to Ohio, and was married in February, 1865. Went to Iowa and lived one year, then returned to Ashtabula, Ohio, where he now resides. In March, 1872. was run over by cars and lost his right leg below the knee. In 1883 he went into trade as a grocer, which he still follows. Is a member of Paulus Post, No. 4, Department of Ohio, G. A. R. A. F. WILDASIN— Company E. Was born in York county, Pennsylvania, October lOth, 1836. "My father removed with his family to Clark county, Ohio, in 1840, eight miles west of Springfield, on the old National road, where I was reared, and received simply a common school education. On the 18th day of August, 1857, I was married to Mary E. Howett, near Troy, Miami county, Ohio, near which place I lived until the spring of 1860, when we moved to the State of Iowa, and engaged in farming with the most flattering prospects of success. But in the spring of '61 the war broke out, and I enlisted in the First Cavalry during the entire war. I ap- pend my military history. Enlisted as a private in Company E, First Iowa Cavalry, on the 28th of July, 1861. Was promoted to eighth corporal October 25th, 1861; seventh corporal. May 12th, 1862; sixth corporal. June 8th, 1862; fifth corporal. August 6th, 1862; and on the 8th day of September, 1862, shortly after the fight at Clear Creek, Missouri, where I had my horse shot under me, was promoted to fourth sergeant ; third sergeant, January 1st, 1863 ; second sergeant, April 3d, 1865. Was mustered out at Austin, Texas, February 15th. 1866. After the war returned to the State of Ohio, where I have ever since resided. Of late years I have followed mo.stly the ]irofession of run- ning steam engines. My post office address is Casstown, Miami county. Ohio. There were two children born to us. The oldest, a girl, was boi-n in Ohio, and was about two years old when we moved to Iowa. Our boy was born in Henry county. Iowa, after I had enlisted as a sol- dier. When I was home on re-enlistment furlough, he took sick and died. My daughter lives in Cass county, Ohio, the wife of John Hance." CLEMENT M. BIRD— Company E. Was born October 9th, 1837, in Northumberland county, Pennsyl- vania. At the age of twelve left school and went to work in a rolling mill, in Dowville, Pennsylvania. At the age of seventeen years came HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 335 to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and there learned the plasterer's trade. At the breaking out of the rebellion he enlisted in C'ompany F, First Iowa Infantry, for three months, April 15th, 1861. Was discharged August 20th, 1861, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. Enlisted in Company E, First Iowa Cavalry, September 1st, 1861. Wounded March 19th, 1862. Veteraned January 1st, 1864. Final discharg'e. February 15th, 1866, at Austin, Texas, making an almost continued service of 1,741 days. Since the war he has followed the business of plastering and brick- laying. Was married September 4th, 1866 ; has raised a family of three girls and one boy, and his present home is at Afton, Union county, Iowa. LIEUTENANT CHARLES W. W. DOW— Company F. Lieutenant Charles W. W. Dow is a native of the State of Maine, and was born in the city of Augusta on the 17th day of May, 1838, being the third son of Wm. N. and Sarah Dow. His boyhood days were passed in Massachusetts, and he was educated in part at Boston, and at the Oliver Grammar School at Lawrence in that State. In 1854 we find him at Newport, Rhode Island, where he lived and learned the trade of an upholsterer. And again in 1856, at Iowa City, Johnson county, Iowa, whei-e he resided until 1859. In far off New Mexico we find him engaged in campaigning against the hostile Navajoes of New Mexico and Northern Arizona. Returning from his second campaign in February, 1861, after having all but lost his life by starvation — the party eating all their riding and pack animals, three of his comrades dying of starvation and three going crazy by the same cause, (his ad- ventures in the southwest would fill a good sized volume) — June found him at Iowa City, Iowa, having ridden his mustang pony from Lower New Mexico to Plattsmouth, Nebraska, all alone ; twice escaping the hostile Sioux, first by strategy, and once by the speed of his pony ; hav- ing accomplished a journey of over one thousand miles. Again, three days after his arrival home, we find him enlisted as a private in Company F, First Iowa Ca,valry, for three years unless sooner discharged ; being promoted to first sergeant of his company on September 1st, 1862. Commanded the first platoon at the now cele- brated moonlight charge at midnight on Newton's rebel regiment, at Jackson, Missouri, April 28th, 1863. Promoted to be Second Lieuten- ant July 18th, 1863. Severely wounded in the head by rifle ball, at Holley Bottom, Little Missouri river, Arkansas, on the 4th day of April, 1884. Remained with his company and regiment after its re-muster as veterans, and promoted First Lieutenant February 7th, 1865. 336 HISTOEY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. While on leave of absence (sick leave) was married, on April 30th. to Lucy E. North, of Iowa City, Johnson county, Iowa, a graduate of the normal department of the State University of Iowa. Returned to his regiment and served until the end of the war and dis- charge of the regiment, at Austin, Texas, the 28th day of February, 1866 ; after which he engaged in farming at Pleasant Valley. Johnson county, Iowa. In 1872 took a Government homestead in Nobles county. Minnesota, where he is now engaged in farming and stock raising. Served over ten years as justice of the peace and town clerk ; also as deputy clerk of the district coui-t and deputy sheriff ; and in November. 1888, was elected judge of the probate court for his county. He is now the father of twelve children, three boys and nine girls. The Lieutenant is a pensioner since 1874 for wounds received in ac- tion, and present post office address is at Rushmore, Nobles county, Minnesota. MAX KLEIN— Company F. Enlisted at the age of eighteen years in Company F, Fii'st Iowa Cav- alry, August 1st, 1861. Re-enlisted as veteran January 1st, 1864, for three years. Promoted corporal October 31st, 1864. Participated in the most of the engagements, raids, etc. . for which the regiment was noted. He was with his company when they charged Newton's rebel regiment, whilst in pursuit of Marmaduke, and in the celebrated • • moonlight charge.'" When the command reached Little Rock, Arkansas, the then Governor of that State was raising a Union cavalry regiment, and his officers unanimously recommended Mr. Klein for a commission, which was declined, he preferring to remain with his command. His First Lieutenant wrote a letter in which he said, ' • No better cavalry soldier ever mounted a horse ; always ready for duty, with no hospital record." He is a well known business man of Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and is a member of James M. Lytle Post, 128, G. A. R. The title of Major was bestowed upon him since the war. LIEUTENANT COLONEL J. D. THOMPSON— Company G. James Danforth Thompson, son of Captain Isaac K. and Emily D. Thompson, is a native of Fredonia, Chautauqua county. New York, and was born on the 19th day of September, 1832. His early life was passed on the farm of his father, attending the common school, and subsequently the academy in his native village. Like many young men having their own way to make in life, he engaged at the age of seven- teen in teaching during the winter months, to secure means to defray his expenses at the academy during the remainder of the year. At the Capt, JAMES □, THDMPSDN, COMPANY G. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA (CAVALRY. 837 ag-e of nineteen years he entered the law office of Hon. O. W. Johnson, in Fredonia, New York, where he continued until he was compelled by ill health to discontinue his studies, and in the fall of 1852 he visited Cincinnati, and subsequently spent the winter in Kentucky. In the summer of 1853 he engaged in civil engineering on I'ailroads in south- ern Ohio, and in the spring of 1854 for aw^hile on the Michigan South- ern railroad in northern Ohio. Having regained his health, he resigned his position as engineer and started for Iowa, arriving at Eldora, county seat of Hardin county, on the 10th day of June. A. D. 1854. when he at once engaged in practice of his chosen profession. In the fall of that year he was elected prose- cuting attorney of the county, and in April, 1857, as an independent democrat, was elected judge of that judicial district. In 1861, at the first intimation of war, he announced himself uncon- ditionally in support of the general Government, and as chairman of the democratic central committee united in a call for a public meeting to endorse its action, and was one of the most active at the special session of the State Legislatui'e, in May, 1861, to urge that body to authorize the Governor to tender the United States a regiment of cav- alry, armed and equipped at the expense of the members of the regi- ment. So soon as it was known that the Governor would be authoi'ized to offer the regiment he returned from DesMoines, and at once began enlisting men for a company, buying and furnishing a number of horses to those unable to buy. When the order came to go into rendezvous he marched his command across the country to Burlington, Iowa, at which place he was, on the 31st day of July, 1861. mustered into the army of the United States as Captain of Company G, First Regiment Iowa Cavalry Volunteers. Upon General Fremont refusing to order the regiment into service unless the men would sell their horses and equip- ments, he was ordered by Colonel Warren to St. Louis to secure a mod- ification of the order, which he was largely instrumental in accom- plishing. On his return Captain Thompson was sent to Davenport to induce Adjutant General Baker to order Captain Heath's and Captain An- keny's companies to join the First Regiment at Burlington. In this he succeeded, and Companies L and M completed the First Iowa Cavalry. Being absent from his regiment when ordered to St. Louis, he only joined it after his company had marched with General Fremont to Springfield, and was ordered to escort a supply train from Tipton to 43 338 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Springfield, but upon reaching the Osage river was ordered back to Syracuse, and soon after joined his company. Was with General Pope in his march to cut off General Raines, and commanded his company at the battle of Milford, on the 19th day of December, 1861, and was present at the capture of Colonels Robinson and McGoffin and their command of 1,500 troops. The next day he escorted General Pope back to Sedalia. He commanded his company in the march into Howard county, which resulted in the defeat of Colonel Poindexter, at Silver Creek, January 8th, 1862. When Major Torrence was relieved of the command of the First Battalion, Captain Thompson was placed in command, and on the 22d day of February commanded the cavalry on the march toward the Missouri river. In April, 1862, he commanded the troops sent to defend Warrens- burg from Quantrell, and on the following day defeated Colonel Parker, captured him and fifteen or twenty of his command, and then returned to Sedalia. In May he was ordered to Lexington, and thence to Clinton. Mis- souri. He was then detailed to serve on military commission at Butler. Bates county, serving till the commission was ordered to Sedalia. in August. 1862. In October of that year he resigned (on Surgeon's certificate of disa- bility) from the First Iowa Cavalry. In 1863, having improved in health, was commissioned Major of the Eighth Iowa Cavalry, and was subsequently breveted Lieutenant Colo- nel for gallant and meritorious services. ' Commanded sub-district west of Nashville in 1863 and 1864. In February, 1864. was ordered to Iowa to escort recruits to their com- mands, along the railroad from Nashville, Tennessee, to Huntsville. Alabama. In March was detailed on military commission at Nashville. His health having again yielded to the effects of the hard service and expo- sure, he was sent to the Nashville hospital, and in the summer of 1864 honorably discharged on Surgeon's certificate of permanent disability. Returning home, Colonel Thompson engaged in agriculture until 1866. when he was induced to accept the nomination of the people's party for Congress and was defeated- In the spring of 1867 he was appointed and confirmed United States Pension Agent at DesMoines. mSTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 389 In 1875 he left Iowa and has since made his home in California. For a time he practiced his profession in San Francisco, but of late years has been engaged in mining, railroading and real estate. His headquarters are rooms 23 and 24, 230 Montgomery street, San Fran- cisco. CAPTAIN A. W. HOSFORD— Company G. A. W. Hosford was born June 14th, 1839, in Lorain county, Ohio, where he resided until the spring of 1855, when, with a determination to do and dare for himself, he packed his grip and started for the far west, arriving at Dubuque, Iowa, March 17th of. that year. At this date no railway had penetrated the northwest as far as the Father of Waters, the terminus of the Illinois Central railroad then being Galena. Illinois. At this place he took stage for Dubuque, Iowa, a lively town of about eight thousand inhabitants. Having been brought up on a farm he sought employment as a farm hand ; failing to find immediate emi^loyment in this line, he worked in a brick yard for three months, when he engaged with a farmer, receiving a man's wages, twenty dol- lars per month, though but sixteen years of age. Here he remained, working at whatever he could find to do, until August, 1857. when he concluded that to fight succes'sfully the battle of life required a better education than he had yet received. So, gathering up his effects. which amounted to two hundred and fifty dollars, he returned to Ober- lin. Ohio, where his mother then lived — entering college at this place, pursuing special studies until the spring of 1859. when with a depleted treasury he returned to Dubuque. Iowa. Here he at once secured a po- sition as teacher in a public school near Reed's Chapel, where he had formerly worked. After teaching this school one term, he was ap- pointed teacher at Rockdale, near Dubuque, which position he held until the breaking out of the rebellion. The disaster to the Union arms at the battle of Bull Run removed all doubt from his mind as to his duty to the Government he had early been taught to love and reverence. So he immediately enrolled his name in the cavalry company then forming in Dubuque, which became Company G, First Iowa Cavalry. In this company he served till its final muster out, February 15th, 1866. He was appointed corporal Oc- tober 1st, 1861 ; promoted sergeant May 11th, 1863 ; re-enlisted Decem- ber 9th, 1863 ; commissioned Second Lieutenant, April 4th, 1864. and placed in command of detachment of Company G composed of non- veterans and recruits. This detachment he commanded until the re- turn of the veterans from their furlough and Missouri campaign, when 340 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, he was placed in command of the company. Was promoted Captain January 3d, 1865. Served as Provost Marshal on General Thompson's staff during the Texas campaign under General Custer. After his muster out he returned to Dubuque, married Miss Sidonia Nailer, settled down on a farm, followed this avocation till the spring of 1874, when he sold out, and with his family visited Europe, where his youngest surviving child was born. Returning home a year later, he bought an interest in the Rockdale flouring mills, which with his part- ner he continued to operate until the autumn of 1884. The succeeding two years he improved and operated his farm at Manchester, Iowa. January 1st, 1887, he opened a real estate, loan and insurance office, where at this writing, September 5th, 1890, he may be found, at the southeast corner of Ma,in and Eighth streets, Dubuque, Iowa. He oc- cupies a pleasant house with his wife and three children, Amanda L.. Richard W. and Ida F., in the suburbs of Dubuque, Iowa. Here he expects to remain till he shall conquer his last enemy and be gathered to his fathers. LIEUTENANT E. A. KLINGENBERG— Cojipany G. Ernest A. Klingenberg was born in Hanover, Germany, on the 1 1th day of January. 1844. Being the seventh son he was named after the King of Hanover, thereby procuring the privilege of obtaining a mili- tary education by the government. Unfortunately the father met with an accidental death when Ernest was but three years old, and the mother died when he was but eleven years old. Being left an orphan at eleven, and his relatives in America, the guardian received instructions to send him over to them, which he did in September, 1855. Received private instructions for one year in St. Louis and Dubuque, after which he attended the public school until fourteen years of age, when he took employment as grocer's clerk ; and at the age of seventeen years and five months, on the 18th of June. 1861, enlisted in Company G. First Iowa Cavalry. Commissioned First Lieutenant in same company, January 3d, 1865. and mustered out at Austin, Texas, Februai-y 15th, 1866. After returning home at Dubuque he took a course in Bayliss Com- mercial College, after which he started into the grocery business ; and in the summer of 1868 the Rev. James S. Rand, former Chaplain of the F'irst Iowa Cavalry, paid Dubuque a visit, and persuaded Ernest to go into the insurance business, in which business he is up to date, having removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1874. His family consists of a wife, son and daughter, the latter married in 1887. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 341 S. W. TRENCHARD— Company G. Was born in Steuben county. New York, on the 27th of June, 1836. When ten years old his parents moved to Wisconsin, and in 1852 he moved to Delaware county, Iowa, and lived on a farm until 1858, when he learned the carpenter's trade. Received a common school educa- tion, and when the war broke out, on the 13th day of June, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, First Iowa Cavalry, serving- three years and three months. Mustered out as corporal at Davenport, September 9th. 1864. Has followed contracting and building ever since. BENJAMIN F. SKINNER— Company G. Ben. F. Skinner was born in Middleburg, Indiana, December 3d. 1842. and lived there until he was eleven years old. The family then removed to Delaware county. Iowa. His father was a shoemaker by trade. After arriving in Iowa his father entered a large tract of land and went to farming. This did not suit the taste of the boy Ben. so he was apprenticed to the tinner's trade, at which he was at work when he enlisted as a private in Company G, First Iowa Cavalry, at Burling- ton, Iowa, August 15th, 1861. During his term of service was on duty at General Herron's headquarters for nine months. Returned to his company when the expedition to capture Little Rock was organized. Was sunstruck at Clarendon, Arkansas, and nearly lost his life. The Camden expedition nearly used him up, as he was sick nigh unto death until discharged at Davenport, Iowa, September 9th. 1864, as high private, and then he thanked God his soldier days were over. He is now a robust G. A. R. man. a tinner by trade, and lives at Manchester. Iowa ; and if any of old Company G pass his way, he invites them to be sure and call. J. W. KRAPFELL— Company G. The subject of this sketch was born on March 30th, 1842, in the kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, and is the youngest of a family of six children. In 1846 the family emigrated to America, arriving at St. Louis, Missouri, in the early spring of that year. In the same year they departed for Dubuque, Iowa, and in 1847 located on some Govern- ment land in Dubuque county. He first attended school at New Wine. going a distance of three miles on foot daily with an older brother. In 1853 he returned to Dubuque and finished his studies in the jjublic schools of that city. At the commencement of the war he was a clerk in the general merchandising firm of O'Farrell, Patterson it Co.. of Dubuque. 342 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. On June 13th, 1861, he with his friend Ed. J. Brown enlisted under Captain H. H. Heath in Company G, First Iowa Cavalry, as private, and served in company in that capacity until after the battle of Prairie Grove, when he was detailed by General Herron for service in the com- missary department. After the departure of General Herron farther south, and the breaking up of his division at Prairie Grove, he returned to his company and remained with it until after the capture of Little Rock, when he was detailed as clerk in the commissary department un- der Captain Arden R. Smith, Quartermaster of the Seventh Army ('orps, at Little Rock, which position he held until the expiration of his term of enlistment. On September 9th. 1864, he was mustered out of the service at Dav- enport, Iowa, and returned to Dubuque, where in the fall of that year he entered the service of Messrs. Woods & Jackson, dry goods mer- chants, remaining with them until September 19th. 1867. He then took a position with the German Savings Bank of Dubuque, and re- mained with that institution until May, 1871. On May 21st, 1871, he located at Waterloo. Iowa, and took a position as bookkeeper in the National Savings Bank, and has ever since been connected with bank- ing institutions in that city. In 1876 he was elected assistant cashier of the First National Bank. In 1879 he was promoted to cashier, in which capacity he is now serving that organization. The ties of friendship existing before the war between Ed. J. Brown and the subject of this sketch were strengthened during their service to their country. During their entire service, with the exception of when either one was sick, they bunked together and slept under the same blankets. Both were on detached service at the same time under Gen- eral Herron and Captain Arden R. Smith. The meeting of such com- rades at the triennial i-eunions of the regiment is truly a source of great pleasure ; it revives in their memories and rekindles in their hearts the scenes around the camp-fires, and the joys and sorrows of those days which will ever remain green in their memories. EDWARD J. BROWN— Company G. Edward J. Brown was born in Wayne county, Michigan, May 10th, 1842. Educated at the State Normal School, Ypsilanti. Came with his parents to Dubuque, Iowa, January, 1854, and there lived until the war broke out, when he enlisted, June 13th, 1861, under Lieutenant H. H. Heath, (afterwards Captain Company L,) Company G, First Iowa Cav- alry. After three years' and three months' active service, he was mus- tered out at Davenport, September 9th, 1864. After the war he en- HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 343 gaged in the insurance business for several years, and is now located at Quincy, Illinois, where he has been eng-aged in the business of dealer in nursery stock for the last twelve years. THOMAS S. HELLER— Company G. Thomas S. Heller, Menomonie, Wisconsin, was born in Salona, Clinton county, Pennsylvania, in September, 1840. He went to Bur- lington in 1857, where he attended a commercial college. He went to Reed's Landing, Minnesota, the following year and kept the books of T. B. Wilson & Co., then a branch of the lumber firm of Knapp, Stout & Co., for about one year. He then became a student of Alleghany Col- lege, at Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he remained about one year. He came to Dunnville, then the county seat of Dunn county, in Wiscon- sin, in 1860, and kept the hotel known as the Painter House, and was deputy county treasurer that year, doing the business for his father, who was county treasurer. He went east, attended the first inaugura- tion of President Lincoln in 1861, and returned home with war fever, and desiring to join a cavalry regiment closed out his successful busi- ness and went to Burlington, Iowa, where he enlisted in the First Regi- ment Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, being mustered in with his regiment in July, 1861. He took violently ill in Fremont's march to Springfield, and was left with many other sick soldiers in a church on the Osage river, many of whom quickly died with the raging fever, and want of proper care. He, being fortunate in reaching the hospitals at Sedalia and St. Louis, finally recovered, and then rejoined his company in the field, where he served until in June, 1863, when he was detailed on special service by command of Major General Schofield, as clerk at the headquarters Department of the Missouri, at St. Louis, and to report to Major A. G. Brackett, Asst. Com. of Musters. He was mai-ried to Mary Helen Tillotson, of Terre Haute, Indiana, in May, 1864. and was at work in the office of the Provost Marshal General when ordered to be mustered out of service, July, 1864, his term of three years having expired. He came to Menomonie, Wisconsin, at the expiration of his term of service, and kept the Menomonie House for one year ; thence to (Chicago for a year or two. Has been a resident of Menomonie, Wis- consin, since that time. He was assessor in 1870. town clerk for four or five years, and elected mayor of Menomonie in 1887. He does a large fire insurance business, representing many of the best companies in this country and in England. He has six children — two sons and four daughters. One daughter is married ; his wife is dead. 344 HISTOEY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. LIEUTENANT SAMUEL T. CRAIG— Company H. Samuel T. Craig was born March 22d, 1835, in Corydon, Harrison county, Indiana. His parents. Dr. Thomas and Mary E. Craig, emi- grated to Waveland, Montgomery county, Indiana, while he was a mere child, where he received a common school education and learned the carriage making trade with N. Glover. He emigrated with his parents to Albia, Monroe county, Iowa, in the spring of 1855, being in his twentieth year. He manufactured the first buggy made in Monroe county, Iowa. In the spring of 1858 he and his brother David traveled overland in an open buggy to St. Paul, Minnesota, there being no railroad west of the Mississippi river except a short line from Burlington to Mt. Pleas- ant, Iowa, and the city of Minneapolis was but a village. He was one of the unfortunate gold hunters during the Pike's Peak excitement in 1859-60. He returned home to Albia, Iowa, in the fall of 1860, with a view of returning to the gold fields early in the spring of 1861. The late war of the rebellion of '61, and the call of President Lincoln for volun.eers to defend the National flag, changed his base of action, and at the fall of Fort Sumter declared his intentions to defend the Government. He enlisted as private of Company H, First Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, June 13th, 1861. Was promoted after about two years' service to orderly sergeant, thence to Second Lieutenant, thence to First Lieuten- ants—all in same company and regiment. He served on staff of Colonel J. M. Glover, commanding Second Brigade Cavalry Division, for nearly a year. Was first in the city at the capture of Little Rock. Arkansas, and captured several prisoners. Served on staffs of General Cyrus Bussey, Carr and Davidson, at Little Rock, Arkansas, and on staffs of Generals E. D. Osband and B. S. Rob- erts, commanding cavah*y division at Memphis, Tennessee. Participated in nearly all the engagements with the enemy west of the Mississippi river, including Prairie Grove, Van Buren, Little Rock, Prairie DeAnne, Poison Springs, Camden, near Mark's Mill. Saline River, et al. Was mustered out of service while under the command of General Custer, at Austin, Texas, February 15th, 1866 — having served four years, eight months and three days. He cast his first vote for John C. Fremont, republican candidate for President ; also voted for Lincoln and Grant twice, Hayes, Garfield, Blaine and Harrison for same office. Was a consistent republican as well as a prohibitionist. Was elected county auditor on the republican Dr. Asa Mougan, Aest. Surgeon. Lieut. James M. Simeral, Co. L. Geo. R. 3I1LLER. Co. A. Lieut. A. L. Freeman, Co, K. Henry P. Shifper, Lieut. Co. B. Lieut. Samcei. T. Crak;, Co. H. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 845 ticket in 1869, '71, '73 and '75, four consecutive terms, serving eight years. He has since been engaged in tlie mercantile business at Albia. Iowa. Married May 17th, 1870. to Miss Helen B. Higgins, from Char- dron, Ohio, and had sons, Samuel T. and Charles H., and daughters. Helen and Laura, and are membei-s of the Christian Church. WALTER S. HANDLEY— Company H. Walter S. Handley was born in Kanawha county. West Virginia. May 17th. 1838. Was educated near Indianapolis. Indiana. Enlisted in Company H June 13th, 1861. at Albia. Monroe county, Iowa. Re- enlisted in same company January 4th. 1864, at Little Rock, Arkansas. Was mustered out of service at Austin, Texas. February 15th, 1866. His present occupation is contractor and builder, and present post office address is Oswego. Labette (!0unty, Wisconsin. F. P. BlIRKHALL— Company H. Was born 30th of September, 1834, in Washington coimty, Pennsyl- vania. Left that State in 1855. His occupation was blacksmithing and wagon-making up to 1861. when he joined Company H, First Iowa Cavalry, the company leaving Albia the ■29th day of July. 1861, to ren- dezvous at Burlington. Was sworn into the United States service about the 20th day of August, 1861, for three years or during the war. Then on the 1st day of January, 1864. he re-enlisted for three years more or during the war. Was mustered out and discharged at Austin, Texas, the 15th day of February, 1866. and returned home by land. Arrived home at Albia the 29th day of July. 1866. just five years to a day. and went to work at his trade. In the fall of 1868 was mari'ied to Nancy Duncan. Left Iowa in the spring of 1872 for Kansas, and made farm- ing his occui^ation with a reasonable degree of success. CAPTAIN R. L. FREEMAN— Company K. Robert L. Freeman was born in New Jersey in 1828. His family moved to Ohio a few years after his birth, but he did not remain there long. Mr. Freeman was possessed while young with a very roving dis- position, and while still quite a lad he served as cabin boy on a steamer between St. Louis and New Orleans. At the breaking out of the Mexi- can war he enlisted in the United States army and went to Mexico, where he was wounded by a bayonet and honorably discharged after five months' service. The Captain' still bears the scar of the bayonet on his right arm. and he suffered for nearly two years with the wound. In 1849 he came to California on a hunt for gold, working on the Feather river and at Mokelumne Hill. In 1851 he returned via the 44 346 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAI.RY. Isthmus route to Clayton county, Iowa. Here he entered into business and followed it successfully for five years. During his residence in Iowa he was married to Mary L. Arnold, who has since shared his joys and sorrows and is still his loving helpmeet. After being in business for some time, Mr. Freeman began the study of law, passed an examination and was admitted to practice in 1859. At the breaking out of the war in 1861 he recruited Company K. First Iowa Cavalry, and served three years. After the war he was elected recorder of Clayton county. Iowa, and was re-elected to the same office for three more terms, serving in all four terms as county recorder. In 1877 he removed to California, taking up his residence in Oakland. About five years ago he came to Tulare county, where he has resided ever since. He became Secretary of the Alta Irrigation District ; and in 1889 was appointed Receiver of the United States Land Office at Visalia. CAPTAIN THOS. H. BARNES— Company K. Dr. Thos. H. Barnes was born at Coshocton, Ohio, in 1832, and was reared on a farm until he was twenty years old. when he began the study of medicine at Oakland, Ohio, and afterwards graduated at the Iowa State University. He settled at Volney, Iowa, about 1855, and moved to Waukon about 1858. He enlisted as a private in Company K. First Iowa Cavalry. April 15th, 1861. and resigned as Captain December 16th, 1864 He returned to Waukon, and again entered upon his profession, in which he was very successful. He spent a great deal of time and money in experimental farming, and built the first silo in Iowa, in 1881. During 1871-2-3 he was chairman of the board of supervisors of Allamakee county, and in 1880 was elected to the State Legislature as Representative. His health failed soon after, caused mainly by injuries to the eyes received in service of his country. Dr. Barnes was married in 1854 to Miss Julia A. Orr. who died in 1859, leaving one daughter, Ida, now Mrs. L. A. Cvilbertson, of Ottum- wa. Iowa. In 1862 he married Miss Marion E. Ferris, of Waukon. who died November 1st. 1886, leaving three children. Callie, William and Florence. Dr. Barnes was a man of great liberality, a benefactor to the poor, and few men had more genuine friends in Allamakee county than he. He moved to his ranche near Lattin; Nebraska, in 1887, where he died June 2d, 1889, of genei^al debility, caused by the hardships and wounds received in the service of his country. He was buried between two HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 347 large pine trees on a sunny hillside — a place of his own choosing — on his ranch, where his body sleeps waiting the last great roll call. CAPTAIN J. M. RUSSELL— Company K. James Mitchell Russell was boi-n July 12th. 1840. at Shelby, Ohio, and was educated in the common school. Moved with his parents to the State of Michigan in 1852. and in 1856 moved to Rossville. Alla- makee county, Iowa. Enlisted on the 13th day of June. 1861. in Com- pany K. First Iowa Cavalry. Served in the grades of corporal, ser- geant, first sergeant. Second Lieutenant and C'aptain. Discharged with the regiment. March 16th. 1866, at Davenport. Iowa. Residence. Connellsville, Fayette county. Pennsylvania. LIEUTENANT W. W. CARPENTER. Was born in St. Albans, Vermont, and came west with his parents to Wisconsin when it was a territoi*y, and when thirteen years old ran away from home and was with the Menomonee Indians two years. In the meantime his father moved to Iowa, and he came home in 1860. At the first news of Fort Sumter being fired upon, he enlisted for three months and began recruiting a company in connection with Dr. T. H. Barnes, of Waukon, Iowa, but owing to the rush of troops farther south he could not get in, and shortly after enlisted in Company K. First Iowa Cavalry, for three years or during the war, LIEUTENANT A. L. FREEMAN— Company K. Was born in New Jersey in 1836. Came to Ohio in 1842. Was ed- ucated in the high schools of Columbus. Ohio. Have lived in Indiana, in Illinois, in Wisconsin, in Minnesota, in Iowa, in Missouri, in Kansas, and now in Texas, J^nlisted in 1861 in First Iowa Cavalry, at McGi'egor, Iowa, Has been a merchant, farmer, banker and stockman, and is now holding stock and in the mercantile business in the Pan Handle of Texas. JOHN FITZSIMMONS— Company K. ("^ame to this country in 1850, from the county of Down, Ireland, and lived in Jones county till 1861, when he enlisted in Company K. and was mustered in with the company at Burlington, and served with the regiment until 1864. Was mustered out at Davenport. September 9th. 1864. Rank, sergeant. LIEUTENANT J. M. SIMERAL— (%)mpany L. Was born Mar(;h Tith. 1822, in Smithfield, (a Quaker community, ) Jefferson county, Ohio. Was educated at Franklin College. New Ath- 348 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ens, Ohio. Was deputy auditor and auditor of his native county over five years. Was married to Miss M. Wood, June 22d, 1852 — all of Steubenville. Jefferson county, Ohio. Emigrated to Dubuque, Iowa. Novembei'. 1854. Is engaged in the real estate business at Omaha. H. J. LEONARD— Company L. H. J. Leonard was born at Whitesborough, New York, November 26th, 1836. In 1838 he removed with his father and the rest of the family to Roscoe, Illinois, and in 1845 they settled in Beloit, Wisconsin. July 1st. 1861. at Dubuque, Iowa, he enlisted under Captain H. H. Heath. Company L. First Iowa Cavalry. Was mustered into the Uni- ted States service August 18th, 1861, and remained in the service until the regiment was mustered out, which was during the year 1866. He then returned to Beloit, Wisconsin, and embarked in the manufacture of gloves and mittens, and has continued in the business up to the present time — at present under the firm name of H. J. Leonard Manu- facturing Company. CHARLES A. CHASE— Company L. Was born in Gainesville, Wyoming county. State of New York, on the 10th day of March. 1837. •■ At the age of twelve years I was thrown on my own resoui-ces. and worked by the month summers, did chores for my board winters, and went to school in same county I was born in. My education was limited. At the age of eighteen I had ac- cumulated enough wealth to go west and grow up with the country. Came by boat to Chicago ; drove a team from Chicago in the fall of 1855 to Black Rock Falls, Wisconsin : worked in the pineries that win- ter, and in the spring of 1S5(). with my clothes tied up in a cotton handkerchief. I took it afoot nearly five hundred miles to Anamosa. Iowa. There I ran across Wm. T. Shaw, afterward Colonel of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, bought ninety acres of land from him, and went to work for him by the month. Worked for him until I was married, and after I was married for nearly one year, when the war broke out and he went to war. By this time I had got my land partly broken up and impi-oved. The next spring built a small house on it. and my wife, self and small child, a boy not a year old, moved into our new home. That was in the spring of 1862. In August. 1862. Lincoln called for 300, 000 more men. I took a train and went to Du- buque and enlisted in Company L. First Regiment Iowa Cavalry Volun- teers, for three years oi- during the war ; got a three days furlough, went home, and in three days bid my young weeping wife with babe in her arms good-bye. and started for the front. Was not long in getting HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 349 into battle at Prairie Grove, where we met with a warm reception. 1 helped to pull out a mountain howitzer there that was between the two armies without receiving a scratch, but received two bullets in my clothes at the time. I re-enlisted on the 4th day of January, 1864, and was mustered out the 16th day of February. 1866. at Austin, Texas. Got home about the 25th day of March, 1866. In a short time went to Omaha, Nebraska ; took a tie contract on the Union Pacific railroad : finished that ; went to Aurora. Illinois ; engaged in the milling business for two years ; moved back to Anamosa, Iowa ; went to farming ; farmed for a few years ; sold out my farm, bought a drove of cattle, and drove them to Laramie City, Wyoming Territory ; was two months on the way. This was in the year 1874. Camped out with my family all the way — standing guard half the night from Central City, Nebraska, until I reached Cheyenne. Wyoming Territory. At Cheyenne I received the news of General Custei''s death by the hands of the Sioux Indians. I did not shed many tears over his downfall, as I had suffered more hard- ships in six months under him than I did from the time I enlisted until the war closed in the spring of 1865 — all this, too, after the war had closed and it was not necessary to inflict such punishments on the old soldiers who had fought so long and hard to save the Union. I can for- give but never can forget him. I engaged in the cattle business until the year of 1881 : was very successful at that. Sold out in 1881 ; went to Rochester, New York ; engaged in the milling business there ; was successful at that, until my health failed me in 1886, and I had to close up my business there. Went to Waukesha, Wisconsin, and by using the water from those mineral springs regained my health, and to-day finds me back at Laramie City. Wyoming, in the wholesale and retail grocery business, after an absence of seven years. During all this time my wife has stood by me, and if I am entitled to any credit, to her be- longs more than half. We are both broken down in health, but hope we have enough of this world's goods to last us the few remaining years we have to spend here. I have nothing to regret in my life, only the six months' service under General Custer. The balance of my services while in the army I always tried to do my duty and did it cheerfully and without a murmur, and have always been glad that I was one that helped to save my country. I always found a true and good friend in ('olonel Wm. T. Shaw ; may he live to a good old age. I have nothing to say against any of ovii' officers or men ; I have a good will for all — don't know that I have an enemy either among officers or men. I think they all ti-ied to do their duty as men to the best of their ability. It 350 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. was a hard struggle and a long- struggle, but thank God our country was saved.'" HERBERT L. MILLS— Company L. Sergeant Mills was born in Kalamazoo county, Michigan, July 18th. 1840. At the age of fourteen years he moved with his parents to Bu- chanan county, Iowa, spending the time summers breaking prairie and working on the farm, and attending school winters, until twenty years of age, when he went to Western College in Linn county, and decided to persevere and get a college education. But when the call came for volunteers in 1861 he gave up all and went to his country's rescue. Of his faithful service, those who were with him can testify. While his regiment was after Price during his raid in Missouri he contracted the rheumatism, and was confined about three months with it in the hospi- tal at Jefferson City. Missouri, during the winter of 1884. While in the service of his country his parents had removed to Michigan, and after his discharge he returned to them. His desire for a better education remained, and he attended school at Olivet College during the winter of 1866-67. Here he became acquainted with Elvira Tabor, whom he married, and together they moved to Harrison county, Iowa, where they made for themselves a home out of the unbroken prairie. But the rheumatism oft returned until it refused to lessen its grip, and he be- came a constant sufferer and unable to walk without a cane or crutch. Six bright children were given him, and his first great grief came in the death of his first born, a boy of nine years, who was killed by the kick of a horse. Three children were buried there, when with failing health he again returned to Olivet, Michigan, with his family, where he still resides. He is thus enabled to give his remaining children, two young ladies and a young lad named Herbert L.. the educational privi- leges he so much desired for himself. Helplessness has slowly crept upon him, until he is now perfectly helpless, unable to move hand or foot. Has not walked for nine years or used a hand for one year. But the same brave, patient, cheerful spirit is his yet which he had in the army, and he can say, "God's will be done.'' He is cared for by his loving, faithful wife all these years, assisted by loving children and an aged mother. He receives a pension which supports him. JOAB SOMERS— Company L. Was born in Gloucester county. New Jersey, on May 4th, 1830. In 1835 his parents moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1837 they migrated to the State of Ohio, near the town of Springborough, Warren county. There he was taught farming until 1845. Then they HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 351 moved to Jay county, Indiana, where he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for some time, but made farming his principal busi- ness until 1861, when he went to Iowa on business, and worked at Delhi in a nursery for Judge Doolittle part of the summer, and part of the summer for Charles Fleming, until after the great Bull Run battle. Then, on the 28th day of August, 1861, he enlisted at Dubuque in the First Iowa Cavalry, under Colonel Fitz Henry Warren, and remained in the regiment until the 15th day of February, 1866, and then resumed farming until the last few years when he got past work. LEWIS E. DEAN— Company M. Lewis E. Dean, born at Granger. Medina county, Ohio. September 6th, 1844. Printer by trade. Enlisted in August. 1861. Married De- cember 5th. 1874, to Buzzelle D. Dinsmore. Has two live boy^. Charles D. and Daniel Abraham. Was Grand Reporter of the Grand Lodge Knights of Honor from 1879 to 1889 ; likewise Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge Knights and Ladies of Honor from its organization. Au- gust 20th, 1879, up to 1889. Was local editor of Lyons Weekly Mirror for a period of seven or eight years, pi-evious to which he had worked at the case in same institution as boy and man. Was likewise city clerk of Lyons, Iowa, for a term of four yeai-s. Had been in rapidly failing health for some ten years, which finally culminated with a stroke of paralysis on the 19th of Octobei". 1888, since which time he has been confined to bed. BENTON D. B I TNER— Forty-sixth Pennsylvania. The "boys" will have a warm place in their hearts for him. Many times he has carried your old Surgeon in his arms, as tenderly as a mother her babe. He once saved the Doctor from a horrible death. The office lamp exploded, (he had no wheel-chair at that time, ) and he was alone and unable to move. Ben saw the blaze through the window and came to his assistance. Ben led Billy in the procession that fol- lowed his master to his last home. BILLY'S PORTRAIT. One day recently Mr. Fields took an excellent portrait of Billy, the late Dr. Chas. H. Lothrop's old war horse. It is nearly a perfect pi(;ture, and as the old horse pokes his nose affectionately toward Mr. Ben Bitner. who holds his bridle rein, it seems as if both would step from the pic- ture and walk away. Old Billy came into the possession of Dr. Lothrop in 1865. when the animal was five years old. He is now thirty and still lively. He was 352 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. the Doctor's sixth horse. He is a cross between the blooded Texan horses and the mustangs, was originally a racer, and many of the boys of the First Towa will recollect how Billy did up " Company E's horse" in a square race. Billy was purchased in 18C5 for a sum in gold equivalent to five thousand dollars in Confederate scrip. He is a horse possessed of a wonderful memory, and never forgets his friends. The animal was never shod but once, and then they were obliged to take the shoes off, as he had not been accustomed to them. CAPTAIN W. E. LEFFINGWELL— Company B. (In the absence of any direct sketch of Captain LeffingwelFs life, extracts from the action taken by the Chicago bar and a eulogy later delivered before the Supreme Court of Illinois, and a portion of the tribute rendered him before ths Supreme Court of Iowa by one of his nearest friends, are presented below. And these pages, it should be further explained, are printed at the close of the biographical notices because the copy was received too late for insertion according to com- pany and rank.) On September 3d, 1884, Hon. William Barge, who was appointed by Judge Dickey, the chairman of the meeting of the Chicago bar, to pre- sent the resolutions passed at that meeting relating to the death of Judge Leffingwell to the Supreme Court, in performing that duty said : ' ' If your Honors please — I have been directed to present the fol- lowing memorial a,nd resolutions, adopted at a meeting of the Chicago bar, and ask that they be made a part of the records of this Court : ' ' ' William P^dward Leffingwell, a member of the Chicago bar for the last ten years, has been removed by death from our midst. In his day he was one of the ablest and most eminent lawyers of the Western States. He went into Iowa at the age of seventeen years, when Iowa was a Territory. At an early age he became the foremost lawyer of his State. Among the public positions held by him were those of Pres- idential Elector, Judge of the District Court of the district in which he lived, and President of the Senate of the State, and in the late war he commanded a company of Iowa volunteers. As a lawyer he was well known not only through Iowa but Illinois also, and was one of the most eloquent advocates and successful counsellors of his day. He was a lawyer of learning in his profession, distinguished also for a high degree of scholarly attainments, and was respected by the courts, honored by the members of the profession, and loved by his clients and I I Capt, WM, E, LEFFIN&WELL. COMPANY B. HI8TORY OF FIRST IOWA OAVALKY. 353 friends. He was a man of great kindness of heart, {i^reat nobility of na- ture, and his inborn honesty, everywhere exhibited, gave him a character for integrity in and out of his profession for which he will long be remembered.' * * * ■Judge Leffingwell was born in New London, Connecticut, on the 9th day of October, 1822. His educational advantages were extremely poor. He never attended school after he was twelve years old. but his vigorons mind, aided by an unquenchable thirst for useful knowledge, surmounted all obstacles, and he soon became a scholar and a cultured gentleman. At the age of seventeen he came west, and selecting the Territory of Iowa as the place of his future home, he became a student in the law office of Judge Hastings, in Muscatine, and after pursuing the required course of study was admitted to the bar. before that Territory became a State. Entering at once upon the practice of the law. he soon achieved the highest position in his profession, and constantly maintained it to the day of his death. His fame as a lawyer was not confined to his own State, but extended throughout the entire north- west. No ordinary man could have risen to this elevation, and no great man without incessant labor gained such honorable distinction at a bar containing upon its rolls such names as Hastings. Dillon. Knox. Manning. Arrington and Wallace. ■ • His person was tall, well formed and erect, and his presence ma- jestic ; his voice silver-toned and melodious, and his manner of present- ing a case clear, logical and eloquent. He was an orator, and as an advocate had few equals and no superiors. • • When his country was in danger, near the commencement of the late war, he offered his life in her defense, and rendered valuable ser- vices on the fields of battle while in command of a company of Iowa cavalry, which he had been largely instrumental in recruiting for that service. ■ But he is gone. His familiar face, and kind voice, and generout* hand, we will see, and hear, and clasp no more forever. Stricken down in the street in Chicago several years since, by paralysis, from which he never fully recovered, and receiving a second and third attack of the same disease last spring, he died on the l;3th of August. 18S4. in Lyons. Iowa, surrounded by his wife and children, whose loving hands did all that earthly hands could do to ameliorate his sufferings and wipe the death-damp from his aching brow. His warfare of life is ended : his last cause tried ; and he appears for judgment in the court from which there is no appeal, and in which there is no error. And I can but now 45 354 HISTORY OF P'IRST IOWA CAVALRY. say for myself and his many sorrowing friends — just judg'e. great law- yer, and true patriot, hail and farewell ! " Hon. L. A. Ellis, of Lyons, represented the Clinton county bar-, the county of Judge Leffingweirs residence, before the Supreme ('ourt of Iowa, and from his eulogy the following is quoted : • • May it please your Honors — I had an extended and intimate acquaintance with the Hon. Wm. E. Leffingwell. as a townsman and neighbor. When I came to the bar and became a resident of this State, he was in the meridian of his life and fame. He had already partici- pated in the legislation of the State : had presided on the District bench of the Seventh Judicial District, and had won his way to a first place as an advocate and jurist, among those who were qualified to adorn any bar in the country. ■ As a friend he was generous and magnanimous, and no sacrifice was too great for those in disti'ess who appealed to him for help. Like the great cardinal, he might be ■' ' Lofty and sour to them that loved him not. But to those men who sought him, sweet as summer." • • He may have had his failings and enemies — who of us has not ? — but now that he is gone, even the tongue of criticism, that might aim its arrows at the living, will respect the maxim — De Mortuis nil nisi bonum. •'Take him all in all. as he went in and out before us. it is not ex- travagant eulogy to say he seemed '■ ' Due upon wliom every god had set his seal To give assurance of a man." •■Standing here in this Court to-day. where he has so often stood, in the presence of your Honors, who have so often granted him audi- ence as an oracle in the temple of justice, we observe no imperfections, but rather treasure his memory as a star in our profession of the first magnitude, and regret that it has so soon gone below the horizon to re- appear no more to the gaze of men. ■ • His career was cut short by a stroke of that disease which so fre- quently assails men subject to great mental strain and exhaustion. • • His work is done, and nobly done ; and such a life is more than the mere dull round of many years. " ' We live in deeds not years, in thought not breath. In feelings not in figures on the dial. We should count time by heart-throbs ; he most lives Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best." • ■ May we not hope, as Judge Leffingwell did. that • the grave is not HISTORY OF PIKST IOWA CAVALKT. 355 the ffoal.' and that the soul, so capable of is,a-aspinf,^ intaagible thin^'-s. and living in the world of thought while cumbered with the tenement of clay, is as imperishable as its Author : and that in more congenial realms, reunited, we will realize that complete development, happiness. and fruition, which, while they ever haunt our aspirations, always elude our grasp in this world. " REMINISCENCES. thp: vidette post. BY .1. R. MARTIN, COMPANY E. Comrades, we greet you with outstretched hand. And welcome you loyally to our band. We have met to renew the ties that bind Comrade to comrade, and here to find Fresh memories of the long ago : And as we recall those days of strife That made up the sum of our army life. Let us not forget that the • ' Angel of Peace "" Has issued the edict. • ■ Let anger cease. And hail as a friend your old-time foe." As 1 sit and muse on those days of strife. What pictiires arise of our army life : How each thrilling episode comes to mind. And I turn from the dream with a sigh to find We" re but fighting our battles over again : But ril try to paint, in my feeble way. Some of the scenes when •• Blue met Gray." And the whole world stared at the bloody fray. As the war clouds lowered in the light of day, And the night wind sobbed over mangled men. I shall not attempt to paint the strife. Or the awful carnage that withered life : Too dark is the picture, you know it well. How your heart was wrung when your comrades fell. And you wept to see them die : HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 367 But we'll talk of the hig-h old times in camp. And the capers we cut when out on a tramp. And think with a smile how we used to buck At the little game that we called " chuck luck."" Though the game sometimes made us cry. There were lonesome hours on the •• picket post/" When we watched with the stars our sleeping host. And the minutes seemed hours as we strained our eyes That our comrades might suffer no surprise Throug'h any neglect of ours ; And the very silence seemed fraught with sound, And the fall of a twig caused our hearts to bound. And we sti*ained our eyes to pierce the gloom That seemed close as the walls of a darkened room. As wearily dragged the hours. You remember it. comrades, a gruesome place. Where the darkness seemed only to hide the face Of a skulking foe, and you almost thought You could hear the • ' click " that precedes a shot. And you fairly held your breath ; And it seemed to you that the beat of your heart Would be heard by the enemy in the dark. And serve as a guide to mark the spot That he might more surely speed the shot That might lay you cold in death. Yes, we've been there, comrades, and know that while We were not afraid (? ), yet a peaceful smile Would break through the camp-fire smoke on our faces. And we never objected to yielding our places To the sentinels who came to relieve us : And heaving a sign of perfect content. We would shoulder our carbines and seek our tent. (A -dog tent" generally,) there to repose, And dreaming of loved ones forget the woes Of our lot, if the foe would let us. You may talk of the battle field, and tell Of the terrible havoc that bullet and shell Made in our ranks — but then, you know. That was "give and take." and we had the foe In front, and our comrades around : 358 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAL,RY. But that lonely vigil, with no one near, That long two hours, when eye and ear Were strained to the utmost to see and hear, And even the trees and bushes appear Like an enemy sprung from the ground — Will try the nerve of the bravest man That ever cooked meat in a frying-pan. Or boiled his coffee in an old tin can That once held fruit, but now, second-hand, Serves him as a coffee-pot. Oh, that can cost money, for the sutler, well — Look at his features, they will tell That he knew how to buy, and how to sell. But still even he sometimes caught When things got too awfully hot. But then, you know, on the other hand, That we often feasted on Southern ham. And "slapjacks'" that would kill any other man Than one who was fighting for "Uncle Sam" And wearing the Federal Blue."' And the chickens (? ), oh hush ! — why, they seemed to know That when we appeared they had no moi-e show Than a "Methodist quarterly meeting'' would give To aught but the oldest and toughest to live. And they were not sure to get through. Ah well ! one thing's certain — we had our fun. And when the rebs wouldn't, why we could run ; Yes, and get over ground at a rattling rate. That we couldn't match now were our lives at stake, For we're a quarter of a century older. But sometimes, while limping along with my cane. I forget, till some confounded rheumatic pain Comes on with its miserably horrid clutch. And reminds me that now is my day for the crutch Instead of the sword of a soldier-^ And that I have grown old — Why, my heart is as young As it was in the days when we lustily sung 'Round our camp-fires our old army songs. Or studied up plans which should redress the wrongs And save the old flag from defeat. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAI.RY. 859 But that day has gone by — yet here let me say How I prize its dear memory; ah yes, and they. My old comrades, who in those thrilling hours So manfully breasted the heat and the showers, Till the foe was forced to retreat. Then, comrades, though scattered, and many, alas. Have stood their last "picket." received their last --pass'" — A pass which I trust and believe leads above. Where the only countersign asked for is Love, And each one is hailed as a friend — Let us close up our ranks as our comrades fall out. And keep unbroken line, till at length with a shout We receive the "last order,'" the battle is won. Your marchings are over, the warfare is done. And glory and peace is the end. Shawneetown. September 17th. 1886. A FLOCK OF GEESE AND A HORNET'S NEST. BY CAPTAIN H. S. HEBEKLING, COMPANY B. Sergeant H. J. Leonard, of Company L, informed me that on a cer- tain occasion, while on a scout, just after having gone into camp about dark, he threw a club at a flock of geese and struck Colonel Dan Ander- son on the calf of the leg. Query : What was Colonel Anderson do- ing in such close proximity to the geese ? ( )ne i)leasant morning in the fall of the year, after the command had been marching some thirty hours, we were halted in the woods some miles out on our return to camp, obliqued to right and left of road, and dismounted to allow men and horses to rest. While the men lay in groups talking, and the poor jaded horses nipping the leaves here and there, and the boys talked of the hard riding and the jaded condition of the horses, private Fred Miller's horse going rather farther into the woods than the rest, was observed by Fred to be peculiarly lively, when he remarked. 'See Joe. boys, he feels tam goot, " and thinking Joe might be getting too far away went after him, and in doing so ran slap dab over a hornet's nest. Taking off his old hat. striking and jumping furiously, he returned in good order, shouting, • ■ Vassups ! boys I vas- sup I vassups ! " MAJOR TOM BEREMAN'S EXPERIENCE. BY J. R. MARTIN. COMPANY E. Ah ! that last trip to the Saline. Do I not remember it ? Myself 360 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. and Sergeant Wildasin were together, and that one awful night were more fortunate than many of the boys, as we had selected a knoll where an old pine had fallen, crushing an ash in its fall. We gathered the top and splinters of the ash together and made a rousing fire, built our bed high with pine boughs and young pines, and were for that time comfortable. Some time in the night I was awakened, and found Majoi' Tom Bereman standing out in the rain, warming one side into steam while the other was running water. I asked him what was the matter. Well, it would be hardly fair to report the •emphatic''' reply he gave me, but his tent had gone down on him and he was nearly drowned be- fore he could get out. He said we had the only tire in the command, and he had waded sometimes clear up to his — ankles to get to it. I told him to get in out of the wet, we could make room, and he did, hanging his dripping coat on a convenient limb of one of our crotched supports aot cut too close ; and as our tent was our two rubber blankets spliced and set up shedwise, with the opening to the fire, you may be sure it was dry and warm inside. The Major dropped off to sleep, breathing anathemas against Arkansas. In the morning I woke him when break- fast was ready, to what ? •• Hard-tack and S. B. ?" Not a bit of it, but to all the southern cured ham and good flour "flapjacks" he could eat ; as good as any hungry man would ask for. He was not the officer that morning to ask how I came by such feed. If he had. I should have suggested that it rained down. I was told by some one who overheard him, that he said to some of the other disconsolate officers that he had eaten the best breakfast that morning that he had ever eaten in his life, describing it to them. What ? Ham and pancakes and coffee ! Where could soldiers get under present orders such a meal as that ? • • Do you suppose I was d — d fool enough to ask them?" replied Bereman : •• 1 was too glad to get some." I knew where it came from, and had an adventure in getting safe in with it — or rather them, for I had five fine hams and all the flour I could put in a pillow case — and was arrested too by the First Missouri Cavalry, but dodged out of their hands at a convenient cow path, (there was always a fellow feeling in the ranks, especially when one had a ham to spare, ) and dashed through the woods until I was ahead of that obstruction and safe. I will say in justice to myself, nothing but something to eat did 1 ever take ; and once at the muzzle of my re- volver I compelled a brute of the Illinois cavalry to restore to a young- lady a gold pencil case he had taken from her. Yet I never went hun- gry, and only subsisted on hard tack and S. B. (summum bonum) when HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 361 I was confined to camp so closely that I could not get out — and that was not often. Some of our adventures were ridiculous enough, the Lord knows, and some had a sharp spice of danger. But we always got our meat. TOO MUCH FOR THE GENERAL. While we were returning from our second Camden (Arkansas) expe- dition, under General Carr, in February, 1865, and it rained twenty- eight out of the thirty days from the time we left Little Rock until we camped at Pine Bluffs, the country flooded and the roads almost impass- ible, with only half rations to the boys, there was naturally much suffering, and of eoui-se a great deal of grumbling indulged in. I re- member one day, as we were marching along and the rain was if possi- ble a little heavier and colder than usual, that (ieorge Hill, the tallest and one of the best soldiers in our company (E), was relieving his feelings by calling down all the anathemas known to a soldier's vocab- ulary (and it is unabridged) on the weather, the country, and every- thing pertaining to army life, when General Carr, who was riding by, overhearing him. checked his horse and began to rebuke him, saying, •• No good soldier would be guilty of such language,'' and he wanted to hear no more of it. •• Well, General,'' said Hill, " I don't want to brag on myself, '-but when there is a muss on hand I guess the boys will tell you I am generally there. But I want to tell you one thing : If I ever live to get home, and have the luck to get married, and I should have children, when I sit down by my fireside and tell them about this trip, if they don't cry Fll whale hell out of them ! " It is needless to say that the General rode on, followed by shouts of laughter from the ■ ■ boys." THE EXPERIENCE OF A RAW RECRUIT. Of course all of the boys remember •■ Camp Sorghum, "" at Little Kock, just below town. That is where I with seven other -'raw re- cruits" first found the grand old regiment for which we enlisted, but had been held awhile at Camp McClellan, Davenport, to guard a lot of .Si(jux Indians who had been engaged in the Minnesota massacres. Well, we got to camp wet, cold and hungry, for we had ridden from Duvall's Bluffs on a flat car, through a pelting cold rain, over that dismal Brownsville prairie ; crossed the pontooii bridge and camp just as it was growing dark ; and to our unaccustomed eyes, what a dismal looking place. The water was all over the ground, and in the gather- ing gloom the lines of '-dog tents" presented much the appearance of a muskrat village out in one of those northwest Iowa marshes, only that 46 H62 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. there was more regularity in their distribution. But we received a hearty welcome, albeit not a little mixed with the badinage which, for some reason beyond my ken. always prompts the "old soldier'' to pour out on the head of every recruit, until he has been with them under •'fire." their doubts as to his standing the test. That was early in November. 1863, and our winter quarters were not yet erected. I remember I learned to use a froe and rive out cypress clapboards before I learned to forage, though the last seemed to come more natural. What a time we had there that fall luitil the last of No- vember ! It was rain, rain, rain ; and mud deep enough to swamp an alligator ; and it was a matter to boast of to succeed in crawling into our dog tents without getting knees and hands plastered with southern soil, or finding our blankets and other things swimming around like tadpoles in a mud puddle. However, we had some beautiful weather afterward, during which we got up our quarters and long sheds for our horses : and none too soon either, for the holidays of '63 and '64 were terrible for that climate, and it held till the Arkansas river was frozen over below the pontoon bridge — something that the oldest inhabitants (and they generally remember something to cap the climax) confessed they had never seen before, and suggested that the d — d Yankees had brought their climate along with them. Among the other cavalry regiments stationed at Little Rock that winter. I have a lively recollection of the Fourth Arkansa.s (Union), the worst mixed up lot I ever saw. though there were some good men and officers among them — notably of the last Major Vincent, who was a thorough gentleman, a good officer, and a well read man. Still it oc- curred somehow that our horses not having the stay at home brand of U. S. on them got into a singular- habit of straying off, and by some strange circumstance we usually found that they had strayed into the camp of the Fourth Ai'kanHa,s. Some of our boys being of a susi^icious nature, and outspoken enough to give vent to it. made some remarks which caused for a time a coolness so to speak between the two regi- ments. But they were not of a revengeful disposition, as was fully proven by the reply of one of their sergeants, who, when passing our camp with some of his men, and a number of our boys whose horses had strayed (?) off began jeering them, stopped, and in a pathetic tone remarked. --You'uns don't appear to think much of we'uns. but we'uns think you'uns are right peart." That settled it — like the boy at the frolic we had no more to say. though a very audible smile went round. But their Colonel — wasn't he -a daisy?" I can see him now in my HISTORY OF VTRST IOWA CAVALKY. 303 mind's eye — a great, tall, lank, lantern. jawed specimen of a genuine ■ Arkansaw rosin scraper,'" who couldn't answer a question to save his life without first asking, • ' Wall, stranger, what mought your name he?" He was economical, though, for his entire uniform was drawn from the Quartermaster's department, and consisted of the reg'ular uni- form issued to privates in the infantry. The sleeves of the coat and the legs of the pants were all about six inches too short for his upper and lower limbs ; but he was gorgeous in his shoulder straps. They were of the finest, and used to i"emind me of a pair of tired American eagles taking a rest on the opposite top branches of a dead sycamore. And his original manner of giving the order to mount : ■ • Prepare for to git onto your critters — Git I" Why, it was enough to make the horses of his regiment send in a petition to swap places with government mules. I believe though he was finally discharged for incapacity, a mild army term for imbecility. There was one sad incident that occurred that winter, in February I think, that I was -eye witness to. That was the hanging of young Da- vid O. Dodd as a spy. He was a mere boy, though a smart one, and while he was amenable under military law to his fate, yet his heroic bearing at the scaffold won my sympathy. I have no doubt that, raised as he had been, he thought he was in the right. But I forgot — this is to be an amusing sketch, to bring back to mind the days when the familiar hail was •• Jump off and grab a. root."" Well. here goes for one on myself : While I was still • ' raw. " (and so was the weather that morning, ) I was detailed for camp guard. Having been on duty the day before, patrolling, I did not expect it, and had loaned my gloves to one of ray comrades to go on picket, for the weather was cold, and as you know we only wore our side arms, and I was a tender plant, having been raised a pet. While Adjutant Donnell was going through the usual foi-mula of detailing us into reliefs, 1 put my hands in my pants pockets for warmth, when he suddenly accosted me with, 'What is your company, sir?" -Company E," I replied, thinking that perhaps he had discovered in my expressive countenance some evi- dence of the lurking genius which should soon raise me from the ranks : and he had. but not exactly as the heroes of the ten cent war libraries go up — not much. • • Sergeant of Company E, march that man oflf to the guard house, and the next time he comes on guard mount perhaps he will know enough to keep his hands out of his pockets." Well. 1 believe I did after that, though I only rusticated there about ten min- utes, for Sergeant Wildasin reported the case to Lieutenant Nugen. 364 raSTORT OF first IOWA CAVALRY. who was in temporary command that day, as Captain Bereman was away, and he went over and made some remarks more forcible probably than polite, to the Adjutant, (he had seen me lend my gloves,) and they came and released me. I can laugh at it now, but I tell you, boys, it hurt then. That was my first and last visit to the guard house as a prisoner. HOW CAPTAIN CALDWELL BECAME "OLD SORGHUM.^' BY J. H. SPRINGER, COMPANY I. One incident of our experiences in the field during the rebellion afforded a great deal of amusement for the " boys," and gave to one of our gallant officers a nom de plume which never left him during his term of service. While on a scout from Butler, Missouri, under Colonel Warren, we had marched the greater part of the night. In the early morning we were halted in a lane, near a farm house, waiting a report from the advance. A number of the boys dismounted and entered the yard and house. Colonel Warren ordered them into ranks again. Some of them were very slow in obeying orders, whereupon the Colonel dismounted and went in after them. Some of the boys ran around the house, with the now irritated Colonel after them. When he reached the kitchen door, which was open, he looked in and beheld a sight that sadly shocked his military dignity. The previous irritation became an indignant disgust, for one of his gallant Captains was quietly seated before a cupboard, with a biscuit in one hand and a pitcher of sorghum molasses in the other, busily engaged in his attempts to crush the re- bellion by bringing disaster and starvation upon the inhabitants, regardless of all the surroundings. The Colonel in his uncontrollable wrath in stentorian tones called out, • • Captain Caldwell, what in h- — 11 are you doing hei-e ? " The placid Captain, without looking up. and taking another dip of the biscviit in the sorghum, quietly replied, • ' Eat^ ing sorghum, sir.'' From that time he became Captain Sorghum. Major Sorghum and Lieutenant Colonel Sorghum, and the applied name was accepted by him with characteristic grace. He was not a polished military man. but was ever ready for duty and always did it well. A brave man, a gallant soldier. HOW NOT TO HAVE BEES STING YOU IN THE MOUTH. BY W. K. EGGLESTON, COMPANY G. April lOth. The pioneer corps cut a bee tree to-day, and I among others got some honey and some stings. Taking the advice of a by- stander, who said he was ' • afeared " of bees, but that they would not HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 365 sting you in the mouth if you didn't • • chaw 'em, " I paid reg-ard to what I was chawing and avoided bad consequences. A SOUR MILK RECEPTION. Nov. 29th. While out on a scouting expedition, one of our boys strayed from the ranks and entered a house. In a few moments we saw him emerge on the jump, while in the rear and close upon him, with hair flying wildly in the air. was a woman with a bucket of sour milk, and ere he could escape he was covered from head to heels with the contents. Undoubtedly it served him right. He was greeted with loud cheers by the boys. A DUCKING BEE AND A SMALL INSURRECTION. While in camp on the Arkansas river above Little Rock, in 1864. wo had quite an exciting time for awhile under the following circumstan- ces : A colored boy, Harry, Major Jenks' servant, had been to a plantation near camp and insulted a little girl about eleven years old. She and her mother came to camp and complained to the Major. Col- lecting sevei'al negroes together, he called the girl to identify the one who had insulted her. Without any hesitation she pointed out Harry. The Major put him in charge of six men. who took him down to the river, and getting into a small boat they pulled out from shore. Hav- ing- tied a rope around him under his arms, they coinpelled him to jump overboard. When he came up he scrambled into the boat, nearly- overturning it. Again he was sent in, and this time he struck for the shore, but when he reached the end of the rope a strong pull sub- merged him. Then he again climbed into the boat, in spite of efforts to prevent him. They now returned to camp, but evidences of strong feeling were manifested among the boys near the landing, and soon they came up to headquarters where Harry was. Jenks had evidently seen everything, and Lieutenants Hosford and Townsend were 1)oth with him. all having their side ai'ms on. The crowd soon arrived, and while the greater part of it formed arovmd the officers, one, a member of the First Missouri Cavalry, charged at Harry and caught his arms from behind, the latter screaming "Major! Major!" Major Jenks jumped upon a log and commanded. " Release that negro ! " " Things go by order here." said Hosford. The fellow needed no second order, but as he released his hold he tried to hide in the crowd, exclaiming as he did so : "Yes, boys, let him go — you had all better go to your quar- ters who will not do as you agree and stand up to your work like men." ••Arrest that man and bring him before me," said Jenks. This was :i66 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. done at once, and as he came before Jenks the Major said : '-Now, sir. take a good look at me. (The Major was a robust. •• well built ■" man.) Do you think you are a man of my build ? I will have you understand I command here." Then turning to the crowd he said : "The negro has received all the punisment he shall receive at present. I have no authority to take a man's life if I wished to do so. Now disperse, and let me see no more such gatherings, or I will punish evei'y participant." And this ended the matter. WHY GIBBS APPEARED WITH A BAD HAT. In our company we had a recruit by the name of Gibbs who was not very particular as to his appearance. He came out on inspection one day minus a portion of his "malitia" hat rim As the officer halted in front of him he asked, ' ' Well, sir, what ails your hat rim ? " Gibbs. without cracking a smile, "A limb fell on it, sir." Officer, unable to suppi'ess a smile, •■ Pretty narrow escape," wasn't it?" "You bet!" said Gibbs. Another member of our company. Mui'phy by name, came on inspec- tion carrying a revolver in his hand. Being questioned in regard to it he said, ' ' Be jabers, sor, an' I had no t-arabine, and I tho't I must have some arums in me hands." A NARROW ESCAPE. December 1st, 1864, we were on a scouting expedition above Little Rock. At night we camped near the Arkansas river. The night being cool, Captain Hosford, Company G, built a fire at the foot of an old stub of a tree about twenty feet high, and he and Cal. Lee laid their blankets near the fire and retired. Shortly after they had lain down Cal. heard a cracking and awoke the Captain just in time to escape be- fore the old tree fell across their bed, crushing the Captain's saddle he had used for a pillow, and smashing the revolver he had not time tt) remove. RELIEVED FROM DUTY. December 8th. 1864, General Bussey, at Little Rock, Arkansas, made us a speech. Among other things he said : ' ' Some make an ex- cuse for drinking intoxicating liquors, saying that there are heavy taxes imposed upon the sale of such liquors, and if they drink a great deal they are aiding the Government by thus increasing its revenue. But," said the General, • • I wish it distinctly understood that those who are under my command are relieved from this duty from this time hence- forth as long as I have the honor of commanding them." HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 367 HOW THE BOYS TOOK ONLY THE TOP RAILS. March 4th, 1865, we started, on a scouting expedition to Ripley. Mississippi, and camped about eight miles from Memphis. At night. as wood was quite scarce, and we were camped near a fence, the boys, strange to relate, commenced carrying the rails for camp fires. An old gentleman went to Colonel Thompson and complained of this act of the boys. The Colonel mounted his horse and rode out to the fence and called out in a loud voice, "Attention, First Iowa." Of course every one stopped his work to listen to the Colonel's order. "Now, boys," said he, "take none but the top rails," and then rode back to his quar- ters. Of course as each man came up he took only the top rail. BRITTAIN'S EXPERIENCE WITH A BLIND HORSE. On Friday. March 10th, we started on our return ; passed through LaGrange. Tennessee, a pretty little town built on a bluff overlooking Wolf river. There was a wide, low bottom skirting the stream, and a turnpike nearly half a mile long built across it to raise the wagon road above high water. In the middle of the pike a bridge had been built over the channel of the river, and the rebs or the citizens had taken up the greater portion of the planking ; but we succeeded in finding a suffi- cient number of planks, by placing them lengthwise across the bridge timbers, to enable us to ride across it in single file. There was a man in our company by the name of Brittain, who during the expedition had picked up an extra horse, which unfortunately was blind in both eyes. When Brittain came to the bridge, he thought while riding his good horse he could lead the other across. After he was fairly on the bridge the horse he was riding, desirous of having as much of the bridge for his own use as possible, commenced crowding, and the result was the blind horse was crowded olT the bridge • ' kersplash " into the river, about ten feet below, and between swimming and wading he came out about six or eight rods below the bridge, where he stood in water about up to his belly. The loss of the horse would not have been so very great, but unfortunately Brittain, in order to relieve his good horse as much as possible, had packed some of his bedding, etc.. on the blind horse. All his persuasive eloquence would not bring that blind horse back to him, so he had to wade out to him, as his good horse had moved on with the column. So mounting the blind horse he made his way back to the turnpike, as it was still nearly a quarter of a mile to ground that was not overflowed. For some reason that I do not now remember, the command went off the pike before reaching the west end of it. and the horses waded several rods to the higher ground. 368 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. When Brittain's blind horse came to this descent, which was quite ab- rupt, he evidently thought he was going to fall again, and he gave a spring as if to clear a ditch and landed in the water, • ' bucking " Brit- tain over his head. Not content with this, he continued his lunges, and Brittain would no sooner get his head above water and say d n, than he would knock him under again. Finally one of the boys came to his rescue, and once more mounting his blind horse soon reached camp, when he was soon busily engaged drying his wearing apparel, blankets, etc., feeling that picking up blind horses was not a pleasura- ble employment. •HOGS EAT MEAL— WE EAT HOGS." On the 18th of November, 1865, 1 was in the ambulance corps on detached service, at Austin, Texas. By refei'ence to my diary I find this entry: -'Hogs eat meal — we eat hogs." This was how it came about. We wei'e camped near the Blind Asylum. An old sow with a litter of pigs got to running in camp, and finally got into our tent and ate our meal. In running her out a stone struck one of her pigs, killing it. General Custer was very sti'ict, and a farmer near by having missed some chickens, Lieutenant Heberling in command of our corps learned that our camp was to be searched, and somehow we got an inkling of it. This was just after we had got our pig dressed, to save it. you know. We hastily secreted it in a hollow tree near. The inspection followed closely on the heels of our precaution, and of course nothing could be found. It is needless to say that a savory piece of meat found its way to the Lieutenant^ s tent, which did not report again to our quarters. A RECRUIT S COMPLAINT. Some of our recruits thought they had a very hard and rough time. One fellow, in his complaint about the strict discipline of the service and the poor beds, was led to exclaim, -Here Tve been in the service for forty days and have had neither a furlough nor straw." BOLTON ACTING AS AN M. D. BY JAS. L. BOLTON, COMPANY K. While at Clinton, Missouri, I was called upon to administer to a pa- tient for sore eyes, W. B. Herriman, Company K. He put his eye wash in the orderly's desk for safe keeping. The orderly kept a bottle of cholera medicine in the same desk, both being of about the same color. Herriman in his haste to get the bottle seized the wrong one, and hand- ing it to me I had him lie down on his back upon the grass, that I could V R. M. Swan, Co. C. Isaac Rhodes, Co. B. Paul Hendricks, Co. C. M. M. Chatfibld, Co. B, HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAX,RY. 3H9 the more easily drop the medicine in his eyes. This I did in regular M. D. style, but it was no sooner in than he jumped to his feet and commenced dancing about and swearing in his stuttering accents, and howling like a hyena. He could discount Colonel Fitz Henry Warren when he was on his tantrums, giving it to some of the companies — call- ing Company K the damned oyster merchants. Company E the chicken thieves. Company L the horse thieves, and Company M too mean for any name. etc. Herriman did not try any more cholera medicine for his eyes. HOW THE BOYS OBTAINED ' BUG JUICE." BY HENRY GREGORY, COMPANY G. I will give you one or two illustrations (facts) of how the boys of the First Iowa obtained • • grog. " One morning in the ea rly part of the winter of 1863 two soldiers — one of Company B as a matter of course, and one of Company G — stood on the opposite side of the street in front of the commissary department, in Little Rock. Arkansas, wondering how they could manage to get a drink. Just at that moment a Second Lieutenant of the Third Arkansas Cavalry came out of the commissary department with a demijohn, and gave it to a colored man in a govern- ment wagon. Company G says to Company B. -Come with me and we will -make the riffle.' *" So over they went. Company G walked up to the Lieutenant, shook him warmly by the hand, inquired for the boys of the Third very earnestly, etc.. etc. The Lieutenant in turn very un- suspiciously asked if they would not imbibe a little corn juice on his account. They unhesitatingly accepted the kindly offer, imbibed, shook hands, and parted. The Lieutenant, saying he had an engagement at the hotel, ordered the negro to drive back to camp with the corn juice. Company G told Company B to lead the horses east a block and he would meet him. So away went Company G. and hailing the negro he said, 'The Lieutenant sent me after that demijohn." The unsus- pecting negro at once gave it to (^ompany G. who with Company B was soon on the way to camp with a demijohn of bug juice ahead, sur- rounded by lots of friends. At another time a Company B and the same Company G boy met up town. Company B pointed to a room in the second story of a frame building, where they sold the juice to soldiers 'on the sly." but said he had no money. •■ Well." says Company G. "give me your canteen. I will go over and have yours and mine .filled, and when they are filled 1 will walk to the window looking for my money. You then run up to the room and arrest me. I will endeavor to pay. but you mai'ch me off 47 370 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. under arrest.'" Well, the scheme worked like a charm, and we were two canteens full of the juice ahead. When we got back we held a reg- ular camp meeting. SOME CAUSES OF VIDETTES' ALARMS. While the reg-iment was in camp at Cross Hollow, Arkansas, our company was on picket out on White river. We could see the • ' John- nies" in the day time. One night A. W. Carroll and myself were put on guard in a piece of woods at the corner of a field. There was no road there. We were lying behind a log. The leaves were dry, and we heard a sound as though some one was walking. It came closer and closer. We got ready to shoot. It would come a few steps and stop ; then move on again. We could see nothing until it came around the end of the log. It proved to be a toad. After we had discovered the <;ause of alarm we were greatly relieved, as one of our men had been shot on that post the night before. WHAT INCONVENIENCE A HICKORY RAIL GAVE. BY GEORGE WELCHYMER, COMPANY A. In the winter or spring we were in camp between Georgetown and •Sedalia. Missouri, 1861-2. Louis Frisbie and myself were detailed on forage guard, going out for sheaf oats. Everj^thing about camp was wet and muddy, and our kindling wood was about out, so when return- ing, about three miles from camp, we put two large hickory rails on one of the wagons and took them to camp. Just after they were thrown off Captain Torrence came up and asked the teamster who put them on the wagon. He told the (>aptain who did it. In a short time we were ordered to report to headquarters, mounted. Upon reporting, the Cap- tain ordered us to each take a rail on our shoulder and put them on the fence just where we took them off. We extracted some of the most fit- ting words from our vocabulai'y, but not in the presence of the Captain. I got revenge, but Frisbie did not. A day or two after the occurrence I was on picket. My post was on the road to Sedalia, on the bank of a small creek. It had rained all day, and the creek was nearly bank full. Captain Torrence went to Sedalia that day. Our orders were very strict in relation to permitting any one to a])]iroHcb us. I was on duty from nine to eleven o'clock i", M. About ten o'clock I heard -Old Thunder" (the name of the Captain's horse) coming on the other side of the creek. I halted the Captain when he was about a hundred yards from me: ordered him to dismount, advance and give the countersign. He called to me and said. •• Welchymer. don't vou know me ? " I said. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 371 r am supposed to know no person in an enemy's country — advance and give the countersign or I will fire upon you." --Now, Welchymer, " he said, "this is rough," but off he got and waded through the mud until he came to the bank of the creek ; then, seeing its full banks, he said. • • Welchymer, let me get on my horse and ride through." (I thought of that hickory rail.) I replied, "Advance and give the countersign or I will fire upon you." He started in at once and waded through the creek just like any other little man. Reaching the shore, he gave me the countersign, mounted his horse, and went to camp. The next morning he sent for me. I thought the other side of the rail matter was coming up. But he said, ■ ■ Welchymer. you are the best soldier in this command," and gave me a great deal of credit. He did not know that the most of it was due to that hickory rail. HOW AN OFFICER WANTED TO FORD THE RIVER. Etc. BY JOAB SOMEKS, COMFANY I,. On the raid to Van Buren, Arkansas, Dei^ember 2Sth. 1862. we struck the enemy's pickets at Dripping Springs. The rebel force loca- ted at this place consisted of about one thousand Texas cavalry, and when we routed those apostles of old Jeff I roared and laughed until my sides pained me. First, there were the tents standing, wagons without mules, some with one mule hitched up and left in that condi- tion, in their great haste for life and liberty. Along the road were scattered broken wagons, men's chests, hats, caps, knives find forks, broken saddles, blankets, shirts, drawers, pants, crinoline, whetstones, and other things too numerous to mention. We charged them into Van Buren, when they retreated across the Arkansas river. We were fortu- nate in finding a drug store, with a good supply of liquor of various kinds. The boys ran in all directions for jars, crocks, pots, and any- thing to hold the precious • uiekil.'' It did us good all over, and none got out of shape either. V\'e all got in good humor and felt rested. Lieutenant Simeral felt so good that he wanted to charge Fort Smith, across the river. He said the First Iowa could -ford the river." Dear, good man, I like him for all that. Well, we made our coffee, and dark- ness soon came on. I told Simeral it was my turn to go on picket. He said I was to stand but one hour. It was on a dark, bushy road, lead- ing to Fort Smith landing. I sat on my horse for a short time, but it seemed for a life time, and it seemed as though it would kill me. 1 dismounted, and took the bridle on my arm, drew my cape over my head, and rolled over to rest a bit, and was fast asleep by the time 1 reached the ground. How long I slept I cannot tell, but when I opened 372 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. my eyes and raised up, there sat a man on horseback. Well, I was not disconcerted in the least, but thought he was a reb. Quick as thought 1 asked him how long he had been there. He said about an hour ; that I was sleeping so good he thought he would not wake me. I did not stop to make any further inquiries, but started for the post. SCOUTING AND FORAGING— DID NOT FIND HAM. After the fall of Richmond we were sent out on a two days' scout, under General J. P. C. Shanks, to look after General Lee and his gray- backs. General Shanks stationed guards at every house and forbade any foraging. After we went into camp I went to a large brick house where General Shanks was quartered. It being dark I challenged the sentinel — who. by the way, was a First Iowa boy — and asked him if there was any meat about there. He said -'Yes, right in there," pointing to an open shed, and turned upon his beat. I went for the meat tub, found the biggest kind of a ham. shouldered it. and went off to camp. Our mess fared well that night. On the day after. General Shanks ordered out Captain Mclntyre with a detail of his company to fetch in a few hundred pounds of rebel meat. We each took what we could on our horses, and when we got to camp filed off to our quarters. General Shanks sent for the meat, but none could be found. The General was very mad because we were not able to find the meat. One morning on our return to Memphis, about ten o'clock, we halted to make coffee. While there Jewett. one of our boys, came in with a piece of meat. • • Is there any more ?" I asked. He replied yes. Away I went and procured two nice little hamh, and as I was coming back I met the Lieutenant Colonel and Major. They were about fifty yards from me. I had a ham in each hand. I dropped them and walked on as if nothing had happened. They sa w the act, and showing their good manners turned off into the woods. I very quickly turned back, got my hams, and went to camp in safety. THE EVACUATION OF CLINTON— A BI(4 S( ARE. BY SURGEON M. B. COCHRAN. He says, under date of June 15th, 1885, in reference to the Colonel Warren water melon incident : The time was when Colonel Warren took the regiment out, after the attack on Lone Jack, Missouri, by, 1 think. Quantrell and his gang of bushwhackers. It was in the summer of 1862 and when the regiment was at Clinton, Missouri. I did not go out for some reason, (probably because Warren loved Allen better than HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 373 he did me and I reciprocated his attachment, and we always agreed better when we were a good ways apart). The next day after the regiment left under Warren, word came that the "Philistines'" were upon us who were left in camp. We had a few sick which I loaded into wagons and .sent to Sedalia. Thompson (Black Bill) was in com- mand. He ordered all the stores that could be removed to Sedalia. and set fire to his own company property and all the quartermaster supplies he could not get away that night. I loaded up my horses with army pants, coats and boots, and looked like a Jew peddler on a tramp. It was a big scare with no enemy near. When we got to Sedalia we found Colonel Totten in command, who had been ordered to relieve Warren, and at the same time we had word that Warren had been promoted to Brigadier General. The next day r went back and met Warren at Calhoun with his command. LEARNING TO BLOW THE BUGLE CALLS. Do you know that (Japtain • had an awfully cowardly pair of legs. but when he got his •• Ajax" up he was brave enough ? I remember being in Colonel Warren's quarters one day, when Captain came in. saying. -Colonel, I am going to learn to sound the bugle calls." ■ • What is your idea of that ? " said the Colonel. ' ' Can't you employ all your time drilling your company and make them efficient ? " •■Yes," replied the Captain, • ■ but that damned bugler of mine is so damned reckless that if we should get into a fight and I should order him to sound the retreat, he would be just damn fool enough to blow the advance, and I am going to learn to blow the calls myself." The Captain, how- evei". was generous to a fault. AN INCIDENT— HOW A CAPTAIN KEPT QUIET. When we were at Cross Hollows, under General Herron, we made a forced march one night to scoop Magruder. General Totten went by the way of Fayetteville, and ordered General Herron to take his cav- alry only and go down in the night as near Magruder's camp as he could and wait for Totten to commence the attack and then push on. The night was pitchy dark, and one of our Captains commanded the advance guard. General Herron had given orders to have no talking along the entire line, and for our Captain to proceed until he found the enemy's pickets, and if was he fired upon to halt and quietly fall back a few rods, then send bac'k an orderly to report, but above all things to keep still. It was a long, dreary march over lonely roads, and as 1 was not well 1 went back to the ambulance to ride, directing the driver 374 • HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. to keep close to the rear of the column. The horses walking- in the road made very little noise, and I think the driver got asleep and the mules and ambulance stopped to take a rest. I woke up and got out. but could hear nothing of the column. Our stop was at the forks of a road. It took a little time to find out our bearings, but I struck a match and found the tracks of the horses and went on as fast as we could. It was some time before we caught up with the column, and then I took my horse and went forward to the head of it. I found General Herron in a towering passion, cursing" away down in the legs of his long cavalry boots, for he would not speak loud. He had sent the Captain forward, who proceeded until a shot from a rebel vidette wakened up the hills with a reverberating echo which soimded like a platoon of soldiers firing by file. Instead of sending an orderly back as he had been di- rected to do, the Captain himself rode back until he got within hailing distance of the General, when he yelled out, • ' General, they have fired on the advance guard." The General hastily rode up to him and told him to keep quiet, to go back and quietly halt his men ancj tell them to keep still. The Captain returned to within hailing distance of the guard, and then called out at the top of his voice. • • Advance guard, halt." When General Herron came upon the advance, he found the Captain at the road side in the rear, cursing his stupidity for riding a white horse. It was laughable in the extreme, but it saved Magruder's forces, as Totten did not come up on time. We captured their camp and much of their breakfast, but they escajDed to the mountains. What a troop of reminiscences these things bring up. It seems hardly possible that they happened twenty-five years ago. A BALD HEAD MISTAKEN FOR A WATER MELON. Etc. BY H. J. LEONARD. COMPANY L. On the Lone Jack (Missouri) scout, I think at Pleasant Hill, the offi- cers sent out an ambulance for some water melons. We were short of camp kettles to cook in, so had to take turns in using them. Tom and I could not get the us^ of them until about ten o'clock in the evening. We had a couple of old hens which we wanted to boil, so we filled our canteens with water and went to bed, and were awakened when our turn came. We soon had our old hens in the kettle, and while watch- ing it one of us suggested getting some water melons from the ambu- lance. So we went for them. After opening the end curtain of several ambulances we found the melons. As I was the tallest I handed out two. The third one Tom said ' ' was green, and green melons are better HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVAL,RY. 375 foi- officers.'''' So I laid it back, and the moon shone in just right, so that Colonel Warren''s head (the Colonel was sleeping in the ambulance) looked just like the end of a melon, in the night. 1 snapped it, and the Colonel spoke in his quick manner, '-Wha! Wha ! " We then started upon the run, each taking a melon. The Colonel stuck his head out and said, "Come back ! ty you ! 1 know you ! " But we purpo'sed to keep going. After eating the water melons we burned the rinds. The next day I was riding beside our Captain, D. C. Mclntyre, and under promise of not to "give us away'" I told him about it. After we i-eturned to Butler the officers had a "jamboree"'' at the ColonePs headquarters, and while there Captain Mclntyre must have told the ( 'olonel about it. At all events, next morning about nine o'clock an orderly came to our quarters and called for Sergeant Leonard. I started lor the Colonel's quarters, and as I passed Captain Mclntyre's tent he stuck his head out and said, " How are you. Melons?'' I mistrusted then why I was wanted. When I reported to Colonel Warren he said, in his imperative way. "Sergeant Leonard, how do you tell when water melons are ripe?" I replied. "When they sound flat and when the quirl is dead." "Well." replied the Colonel, "by , sir, my quirl is not dead yet ! Over behind the trunk you will find the black bottle. Take a drink, and hereafter, sir. no more of those practical jokes.'" 1 found the bottle, and with it an India rubber tumbler, and I took the biggest drink of my life, it was almost a "deadener. " and returned to quarters. OLD BATTALION. BV .SURGEON LOTHKOP. While a portion of the regiment was at Benton Barracks, under Col. Warren, preparing for active field service, strict discipline was enforced by the Colonel. This was a little irksome for the boys, and they, very naturally, were at times a little out of humor. In drilling the men the Colonel accustomed himself to the use of the word "battalion" until it became a byword with the boys, and the Colonel was referred to as •■Old Battalion." It was the habit of the Colonel to go down to the <'ity every afternoon. The barracks were located on the fair grounds, shaded by large old trees. As the Colonel left camp the boys would conceal themselves behind these trees, and after he had passed them they would dodge their heads one side and call out "Old Battalion !" and quickly dodge their heads behind the trees again. The Colonel would halt, look around him. but discovering no one would go on jigain. Presentlv another one from a distant tree would call out • Old Battal- 376 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. ion ! '' This annoyance would be repeated until the Colonel reached the gate. This fun for the boys was continued for two or thi-ee days, when one of Company K boys was too slow in getting- his head in cover. The Colonel saw him. Keeping his eyes fixed upon the tree, he walked up to it. caught the fellow by the collar, and in his pecviliar, incisive language said, "Old Battalion, eh! -ty you!" Then holding him by the collar he would walk with him a few rods, then stop, his feel- ings getting the better of him, a,nd say, "Old Battalion, eh! ty you!" Then they would proceed on the way to Company K's quai'ters. This was repeated a number of times, the Colonel giving vent each time to his feelings. Reaching the quarters, he assisted him with his foot, with another "Old Battalion, eh!" ty you!'" and then left for the city — the boys cheering to the echo. ■ • Old Bat- talion " was heard no more about camp, and the Colonel took no fur- ther note of the matter, as punishment had been properly administered according to his code, and that was the end of it. THE NOTED WARRIOR OF THE MARAIS DES CYGNES. In April, 1862, Colonel Warren established a post at Butler. Mis- souri, near the Marais des Cygnes river. Bushwhackers and guerrillas infested this locality, and our scouting parties and forage trains were often fired upon, making it exceedingly uncomfortable and dangerous for the small command at this post. Near this place was an island in the river covered with dense iinderbrush. One day a report came to headquarters that a force of rebels were on the island, and were about to make an attack upon the post. Captain Jenks — who by the way was a brave man and afterwards proved himself a most gallant officer — was ordered out with a force to meet the rebs on the bank of the river and drive them from the island. The Captain cautiously approached the fiver, throwing out an advance with flankers, to prevent surprise. Reaching the vicinity of the island, he sent forward a few men to re- connoiter. They could see no enemy, but heard quite a commotion on the island — a running to and fro, cracking of dry limbs, breaking of brush, etc., indicating a large force in cover. Upon receiving this re- port the young Captain, having an indistinct view of the situation, (he was crosseyed,) reported the facts to Colonel Warren, asking for a section of a battery as a reinforcement. Accordingly a section was ordered out, and after taking great care to get it in proj^er position, a shell was sent over by way of compliments. The result was that the astonished enemy made a ■ ' big racket" on a double quick for the other side of the island. The boys at once crossed to the island as best they mo HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 377 could, Captain Jenks in the advance, and charged upon a lot of Gov- ernment mules, which had been turned loose upon the island for rest and recuperation, after having been overworked and exhausted in our supply trains. This engagement was afterwards known as the battle of the Marais des Cygnes, and Captain Jenks received the title of ■ ' The Skew- Eyed Warrior of the Marais des Cygnes."' WHY CAPT. JENKS REQUESTED LIEUT. SCHRIVER TO CURSE HIS MEN. BY SURGEON LOTHROP. Captain Jenks, Company D, before he entered the service, was a deacon in the Presbyterian Church. He was a strict disciplinarian, a brave and exemplary man. His Lieutenant, W. R. Schriver, vras also ;i most excellent and brave officer. He had, however, a habit when ex- cited of resorting to very emphatic language, not found in Church discipline. As the old saw goes, he could "swear by rote." The Cap- tain took g'reat pride in having his men perfectly drilled, often making it exceedingly tedious for them. At such times they would be very slow, awkward, and appear ridiculous in obeying orders. For instance, when the Captain gave the order to draw sabre, the boys would draw their sabres and put them under their arms or stick the points in the ground, and when the oi'der to prepare to fight on foot was given, they would manage to tread on each other's toes. On one occasion the pranks of the boys were too much for the Captain, and in a tone of utter disgust he called to his Lieutentant, saying, "Lieutenant Schriver, please curse these men ; I am a Lieutenant in the C'hui-ch at home and I can't.'" THE INSURRECTION OF COMPANY E. BY SURGEON LOTIIROP. While at the Post at Butler, Missouri, in the summer of 1!S(52, a party and a dance in town was gotten up by the E boys, the time and place selected and all arrangements made, girls invited and every thing progressing finely until the afternoon of the day appointed, sup- posing as a matter of course that passes would be given them for the evening ; but, to the consternation of all. Colonel Warren refused to give a pass to a single individual, and ordered every man to remain in camp. But some of the boys were determined to go at all hazards, and "go they did.'" The next morning the irate Colonel gave them one of his short incisive speeches and placed the whole company in ar- rest for insurrection. A section of the Second Indiana Battery was brought out and placed in position to rake the company "fore and aft."' 48 378 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. The boys remained quiet all day. At night, however, in retaliation, they found an axle and wheels of an old wagon, and mounting an old piece of stovepipe upon it placed it in front of the Colonel's tent. In the morning the Colonel discovered that while his gun was in position, the artillery of the boys was threatening him. Taking in the beligerent aspect of affairs with a broad smile, he ordered the gun and Company E's war dog away. Company E was released from arrest and no further action was taken as to the insurrection. HOW THE DOCTORS APPROPRIATED A CARRIAGE. BY SURGEON LOTHROP. On one occasion when we were tramping back and forth in Missouri. Doctor Allen and myself came to the conclusion to change our mode of conveyance. In place of the saddle we would use a carriage. As we were in the rear of the column, the change would not be noticed for some time. So making our desires known to some of the boys, we soon found a double carriage and harness ready for us. In a twinkling, as- sisted by the boys, our saddles were in the carriage, our horses in har- ness hitched to the carriage, and very demurely we resumed our place in the column — going to war in a carriage with a double team. We continued our march for a few miles in this manner, when an old ■' Butternut^' passed us riding a -mule, eying us sharply. Doctor Allen said, '•ril bet that old cuss wants to ride.'" He passed on. and in h few minutes back he came with Major Anderson. The Major, in a stern voice, but eyes brimful of laughter at our new mode of prosecu- ting the war. demanded : ■ ■ Where and when did you obtain that car- riage ? ■■ We replied that we found it beside the road a few miles back, and we thought we would experiment with the old thing. -'Well,"" said he, • ■ it belongs to this man, and you take it back to where you found it. That while it may be an improvement in the tactics of cav- alry. I do not approve of it." Doctor Allen replied that it was no im- provement, and he did not want to ride in the old thing anyhow. The Major then returned to the head of the (column and we com menced unhitching our horses. The man said that we should take the carriage back to his house. Doctor Allen replied. --Not by a — — sight : " that if he said anything more about it he would tear his old wagon to pieces, and make him think he had been struck by a young tornado. We left the mule, the man, and carriage and harness in the road. But the mule iifterwai-ds found its way into our camp. Two- horse carriages are not as useful as saddles for cavalry service. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 379 PREVENTING THE CHICKENS FROM CRYING (WT. BY SURGEON LOTHROP. I remember that on one occasion while on a scout. Colonel Ander- son (then Major) being in command, the chickens were greatly ex- ercised on account of our presence. Strict orders had been issued against foraging ; company and regimental conrnianders were held responsible for overt acts of the men. We had selected a. camp for the night at a fai^m house. The Major and myself had selected a place on the veranda for our bed, spreading our blankets and using our saddles for pillows. We had laid down for sleep. The boys were cooking and preparing rations for the next day. Suddenly the chickens roosting on the trees in the yard commenced squawking, making a terrible •'racket.''' The Major, with that stringent order in mind, jumped up and rushed out among the boys who were cooking, but everything was quiet, no sign of chicken about the fires, and the chickens themselves had become quiet. He returned and had just got snugly tucked in his blankets, when the chickens again commenced making a terrible noise. The Major was again on his feet in a moment and out among the chickens and boys, but everything was orderly and quiet. The rations were cooking and the boys (piietly watching the kettles. This pro- gramme was repeated three or four times, but no cause could be found for the queer actions of the chickens. On returning the last time the Major said, '-Those confounded boys ought to know what strict orders have been issued, and they ought to know better than to disobey them. "' I quietly informed him that if he thought he was going to catch any of the boys taking chickens, he was entirely mistaken, and that the best thing for him to do was to lie down and get some sleep, and let the chickens take care of themselves ; that they were probably loyal chickens, and wanted to show their appreciation of our presence here. The Major said that he had endeavored to obey orders, but that he would be eternally blest if he tried any longer to prevent mischief among those chickens, and w;is soon asleej). The next morning it was discovered that the boys had chickens served up in various styles. The hospital squad had been out and purchased chickens during the night, and at our breakfast the Major enjoyed prepared chicken with a relish. HOW SURGEON ("(K^HRAN RP:J0ICED AND WAS ASTONISHED. BY SURGEON LOTHKOP. While at Clinton, Missouri, our hospital was located in a nice -two story" house upon a hill in town. The country round about was good foraging ground, and our •hospital squad" by the aid of a little coffee 380 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. could purchase anything we desired. As a result we ' ' lived at the top of the heap, " and the sick boys •• fared sumptuously every day." Stimu- lants when required were given freely, without regard to the regular quarterly hospital supply. Our cooks (as they ever were in the hospi- tal) were most excellent, and the hospital at Clinton became proverbial for its management throughout the command, especially for the many good things which were mysteriously found there. The sweetest ham, the nicest eggs, the fattest chickens, the best milk, ice, peach brandy, apple jack, mint juleps, etc., etc. Some of the squad had discovered a nice bed of mint near town. Colonel Warren, every time he came to Clinton, had to inspect the hospital, visit the sick and wounded boys. and after inspecting the dispensary where we kept our ice. mint, etc would declare it was the best hospital in the State. Our resources for supplies were mysterious yet ample. On one occasion, at the time the entire regiment was stationed at Clinton, Dr. Cochran was out with a scouting party. On their return some of the boys came in in ad- vance, and reported that they would reach Clinton soon after noon. Af- ter noon, knowing that Dr. Cochran enjoyed the good things of life. (Dr. Allen and myself being at the hospital.) we had prepared a good dinner for him, supjiosing that he would be hungry and enjoy it. When he arrived we had eaten our dinner. As he drove up to the hospital with the ambulance, he took out a box of whisky, and said as he came in : " Look here, I have carried this box of whisky on this scout and did not open it. I don't believe that either of you could have done the same thing." Of course we agreed with him, and expressed our great satisfaction at his success. (We were about out of our supply and our squad had not been very successful in foraging for more.) ' But," said Dr. Allen. •• don't you feel hungry? We have had our dinners : now you go in and get yours."" The Doctor said he was confounded hungry, and putting the box down he went in, and judging from the time he was there he enjoyed it immensely, forgetting all about his box of whis- ky. After he left it took Dr. Allen and myself but a very short time to ascertain what was in that box. The contents of every bottle was quickly emptied into canteens, bottles, etc., and then all the empty bot- tles replaced, the box nailed again, and put in same place as before, with no indication of it having been disturbed. When the Doctor came from his dinner we were pleased to know he had enjoyed it so much. Of course we were all pleased — he on account of his good dinner, and we on account of a fresh supply of whisky. In about a week, the supply in the dispensary becoming short. Dr. Cochran tho,ught it about time to HISTORY OF li'IRST IOWA CAVALRY. 3S1 open the box again, remarking on his ability to keep whisky intact. We also had a curiosity to see the box opened, wondering if it would prove to be of good quality, etc. He opened the box. found the pack- ing undisturbed ; pulling out a bottle he found it empty. This made him a little nervous. He pulled out another one — that was empty; then the third and fourth were in the same condition. Then he became ex- cited, and after he had taken out the last bottle and fovmd it empty, he looked up in blank astonishment. Dr. Allen said, with countenance as sober as a judge, ■ ' Why. Doctor. I thought you told us you did not open that box. "Well."" replied Dr. Cochran, -I didn't, but those rascally boys must have stolen it on that scout.'' The Doctor was never informed until recently what became of that whisky. HOW WINTERS FAH^ED IN THE ROLE OF CHAPLAIN. BY SURGEON LOTHROP. Hospital Steward Winters was one of the kindest and best natured fellows in the service. He was "Our Ed.'" generally in the best of moods, and always sure to • ■ raise a laugh " when relating his yarns and humorous stories. Our boys were often put in good spirits and high glee when Ed visited with them in our hospital. He always had kind and pleasant words for them. He had, however, a habit of using pro- fane language. Its use came as easy and natural to him as his mother tongue. It did not seem to be used viciously, but like one who "could not help it." Poor fellow, he has answered his last roll call, and joined some of the boys he so kindly cheered in their sore distress. In November, 1862. at the time we were in southwest Missouri when it rained nearly every day and there was scarcely any bottom to the mud. we camped for a day or two on Crane creek. Our hospital was located at the house of a Mr. Forvis, a good, pious Union man. The sick men were taken into the house and the dispensary tent pitched in the yard. Our genial Ed and the hospital boys occupied the tent. and notwithstanding the rain and mud Ed was in the best of spirits and the boys about him in about the same condition, singing songs and hymns and having a good time generally ; and the old gentleman, Mr. Forvis. seemed greatly pleased with his visitors. One day when it was raining "big guns" Ed came in with a sanctimonious phiz and asked Mr. Forvis if he had n Bible. He replied that he had and gave it to him. Ed thanked him kindly and went out. Mr. Forvis asked me if that was our Chaplain. This was altogther too good an opportunity to play a joke on Ed to be lost, so I at once replied that he was. This in- formation greatly pleased the old man. He said he had not heard a 382 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. good Union sermon preached since the war broke out, and wanted to know if our Chaplain would not preach to him and his neighbors before we left. This was tough, but I was in for it. I replied, "Without doubt, if we remain here long- enoug-li." Soon we heard Ed and the boys singing Old Hundred, Uxbridge, St. Martins. Dundee, and other old and familiar tunes. The next morning we received orders to march. Ed was exceedingly busy packing, and getting the sick boys ready for the ambulances, that they might take their proper places in the column. The column was already moving past. Mr. Forvis and family were out in the yard viewing "the army." Ed hurriedly bridled his horse, then threw the saddle on him and reached under to catch the saddle girth ; missing it he reached again, but only a piece of it was thei'e. Stopping a moment he took in the sitviation. Then came thick and fast, ■ ' The ty — — rebel calves ! "" and "the s"' came thicker and faster. and faster. Mr. Forvis seemed thunderstruck, and the family perfectly amazed. Raising his hands in holy horror, Mr. Forvis said : • • Chap- lain ! Chaplain ! how dare you insult your Maker in this manner? How dare you to so blaspheme your God ? I am so sorry and surprised that one of your calling should so far forget himself as to use profane lan- guage ! " "Well," said Ed, -it is bad." Just then he again thought of the calf and broke out with. • ■ But, by sir, it is the first time on record that a ty lousy rebel calf has had the audacity to chaw"' a Union Chaplain's saddle girth in two." and led his horse to the column, amid shouts of laughter from the boys, leaving Mr. Forvis dumb with sorrow and amazement at the unparalleled wickedness of Army Chaplains. Ed had carelessly left his saddle exposed and the cattle were nearly crazed for salt. They had found the saddle girth impregnated with salt from the perspiration of his horse and had left scarcely a piece of it. Afterwards, in speaking of the affair. Ed said that perhaps the old gentleman was somewhat surprised, but he was in a great hurry to take his place in the column at the pi'oper time ; that after he reached for the girth the second time he very suddenly took in the situation and it got iiim a little off his base. HOSPITAL STEWARD'S KNAPSACK— COCUM BERRY JUICE. BY ST'RGEON LOTHROP. On the morning of October 4th, 1862. our army was preparing to attack a rebel force of about 13,000 strong, under General Cooper, at Newtonia. Missouri. We had marched all night in order to take the j)osition assigned us, and although very tired the prospect of a fight HISTORY OF FIKST IOWA CAVALRY. 8S8 kept our spirits up. Our Ed as usual was full of fun. He rode a very light gray horse. As we were marching in column ])reparations were made for our field work. etc. Dr. Cochran ordered Ed with the hospi- tal knapsack to accompany him on the field. The carrying of the hos- pital knapsack strapped to his back was very repugnant to Ed's feelings and nearly "broke him up.'' He said nothing, however, but in a short time he dropped out of line. In a few minutes he came dashing up, with a countenance as innocent as a lamb, and took his place beside Dr. Cochran. The Doctor in virtuous indignation turned to him and said, -'What have you been putting your horse in this plight for?'" ••Well," said Ed, "he always was a ed old dirty white thing, any way. and I thought I would improve his appearance a little." •• Sir. "" said the Doctor, "you cannot accompany me in that plight. You may fall back, sir." and calling Mr. Hervey, the other hospital steward, or- dered him to accompany him. Ed had stopped at a cocumberry bush and dotted that nearly white horse all over with cocumberry juice, making a niost ridiculous appearance. He was a " regular circus and menagerie all under one tent with one price of admission." The boys, although very tired, just shouted at the appearance of his horse. As Ed came back he said to us. • • It seems to me that Dr. Cochran is pretty ed particular." But he did not carry that knapsack. THE BOYS IN BLUE. BY J. R. JIARTIN, COMPANY E. Our army's being -mustered out," the army of the free, And soon the "final papers" will come to you and me: But, "boys." we fought and fought right well, and if at last we lag. We leave to our posterity a free, untarnished flag. How faithfully we followed our •• dear old stripes and stars," "Till in the grim dust of defeat went down the " stars and bars,'" Let other tongues than mine describe ; they'll tell the story right. How Freedom's flag now waves secure in Freedom's holy light. But I glory in the knowledge it was given us to teach. That the foul hand of rebellion was powerless to reach And wrench the crown of glory with parricidal hand. And brand with dire dishonor Columbia's happy land. How all the ■ ■ Old World Tyrants " would have smiled at our defeat. .\nd knowing that from their fell hands their serfs had no retreat. With iron hand had gi-asped the throat of poor though honest toil. To wrinsr still more of life-blood from the tillers of the soil. 384 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. But thank the "God of Battles," who was with our boys in blue. They sustained our "Goddess Liberty'' and saw her safely through ; And now, like King Balthazar, they the writing on the wall Will see, which tells their quailing souls that they like he must fall. And though our fighting days, comrades, are almost o'er, We have left to Freedom a domain that spreads from shore to shore. From east to west, from north to south, Columbia's realm is large. And she'll give her brave defenders all an honorable discharge. And our children coming after, with their sires' blood in their veins. Will protect what we defended on those bloody southern plains. So we'll light our pipes in comfort, tell our battles o'er and o'er. Until "God the Great Commander" orders us to join His corps. But do not blame the • ' boys in gray'" — we know that they were brave. And many a poor Confederate lies in an unknown grave, Who fought for his opinions, which he perhaps thought true : (rod save his soul ! he should have been among -the Boys in Blue." ROSTER. ADDITIONAL ANNOUNCEMENT. First 1(^wa Cavalry AssociatioM. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, February ;^d. 1891. I'oMRADES : — It was the intention of Suru-eon Lothrop to have added the full roster of the reofiraent. as it appears in the Adjutant (ieneraFs Reports of the State, but as the historical and biographical portions of the volume, together with the portraits and reminiscences, exceed the number of pages estimated, your committee think best to change the original plan so far as the roster is concerned, and to give only the names of all comrades, (except in case of field and staff, and of compa- ny commissioned officers, whose highest i-ank is given in eac^h enumer- ation, ) who ever served in the regiments Our only reason for so doing is to expedite matters in the publication, which has already been de- layed, and to curtail the expense somewhat in the cost of publishing the book, believing that the same will be satisfactory to oui" comrades. The narrative part of the work is just as written l)y our historian, .Surgeon Lothrop. Fraternallv. THE COMiMIT'l'EE. IN61-62. FIELD AND STAFF. Kit/, Henry Warren, Colonel, David A, Kerr. Adjutant. James (). Gower, Colonel. Martin L. IVlorris, (Quartermaster. Charles E. Moss, Lieut, Colonel. Sam"l C, Dickerson, Quartermaster. V. (Jad Bryan, Lieut, Colonel, Claus H, Albers, Qujirtermaster. Edwin W. Chamberlain. Major. Henry L. Dashiel. Commissai-y. •lo.seph W. Caldwell, Major. James M. Bryan. B;ittalion Adjt. Will. M. G. Torrence. ]\Iajor. IL K. Robin.son, Battalion Adjt. Daniel Anderson. Major. Joseph .S, Edsall. Battalion Adjt. Josex^h C. Stone. Adjutant. J. A. Landis. Bat. (Quartermaster. 49 3H(i HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Chas. A. Case, Bat. Quartermaster. W. H. Muzzy. Bat. Quartermaster. Milton B. ("ochran. Surgeon. David B. Allen. Asst. Surgeon. ( 'has. H. Lothrop, Asst. Surgeon. ('. B. Bosbyshell, A. A. Surgeon. .lames W. Latham. Chaplain. David C. Mclntyre. Serg. Major. .John B. Aiken, Serg. Major. Everts S. Ewing. Q. M. S. John A. Donnell, Q. M. S. Daniel Easley, Jr.. Com. Sergeant. VVm. W. Fluke, Com. Sergea^nt. -James Hervey. Hospital Steward. John J. Sanders. Hos. Steward. Edwin M. Winters. Hos. Steward, VVm. Mann. Farrier. VVm. Ct. Applegate, Sad. Sergt. Joseph T. Foster, B. S. M. James L. King, B. S. M. Hiram A. Park. B. Q. M. S. Dexter A. Buck. B. C. S. Thomas H. Elder. B. H. S. John Smitz, B. S. S. Moses C. Chase, B. S. S. Michael Cheeseman, B. V. S. Otto Rathlander, B. V. S. A. G. Cunningham. Bugler. Samuel Mitchell, Bugler. H. Kinstenmacher, Band Leader, John F. Wanichek. 1st Musician. David W. Forbes, 1st Musician. W. Clark Hall. 1st Musician. Hiram J. Dunwell, 1st Musician. Henry Minton, 2d Musician. John L. Marshall. 2d Musician. George F. Davidson, 2d Musician. Richard W. Brown, 2d Musician, John Rule, 3d Musician. Henry M. Butler. 3d Musician. Lewis Keen, 3d Musician. John M. Caldwell, 3d Musician. Gamaliel B. Williams, 3d Musician. Harlow Kenny. 3d Musician. Henry D. Keller. 3d Musician. Sylvester Butler, 3d Musician. COMPANY A. VVm. M. G. TorreiK-e, Captain. Robt. M. Alex. G. McQueen. Captain. John A. David A. Kerr, ( "laus Henry Albers. .Vndrew S. Hamilton. Alex. P. Boyce. John L. Russell. Hugh Martin, John R. Marshall. Henry L. Morrill. Thomas C Van Hook, Walter S. Gray. James Turner. Brainard Bridges. Samuel H. Newell. Aaron H. Thatcher, (ieorge ReaHer. Michael Cheeseman. Isaac Ferrell, VVm. C. Andrews. Harvey Adair, Benjamin Blair. Hartlett Brown, VVm. O. Burns. (Jeorge \V. Collins. .\lexander Carter, William H. Carey. D.avid Conley, Joseph C. McCandless. William Carter, James Robertson, Thomas J. OT-Jleness. -Joseph S. Van Sant. C. F. Driskill. William (ioodiu. John Wright No. 1. .\ n t h( )ny Va na erma n . Thomas Reynolds, John Wr-ight No. 2. A. G. Cunningham. Henry Wisner-. Finton J'orrence. William K. Reeves. Francis M. Davis. 'Thomas C. Fletcher. Lewis H. Foster, ( )wen P. Gore. Hii-am (xabriel. Ambrose (iallagher. Edward Hollingswor Herman J. Huiskam John Herwick, Henry Hoagland. Wm. Horton. James Hill. James E. Johnston. Reynolds, 1st Lieutenant. Bishop. 2d Lieutenant, Frank H. Jones. 'Thomas S. James. Alexander Kennedy, Charles H. Lyons. Wm. Linn. James McCutcheon. James* F. McKinley. George R. Miller. (Teorge McKee. John Mack, Charles C. Moss. Jr.. Peter Nelson. Andrew 0"Bleness. Thomas M. Pond. Samuel Pore, William Pore, Daniel Reibold. Elmore Reed. Lewis Rosecrans. Josiah Ray. •th. Lewis E. Short, p. Anglos F. Sala. John Smith, James Scott. Wm. Scheyli. Jacob M. Shook. Zachariah E. 'Thoinas I HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA (CAVALRY. 387 Pleas. A. Timberlake. Davis C. Turner, Prentice K. Tattle, Wm. F. Thornidke. .James Smith, John AV. C!ross, (ieorge W. Green. Wm. W. Blair. Moses Short. Michael Malone. Richard T. Baker. George VV. Wasson, George Welchymer. Addison Walkei-. Lewis B. Wisbey. William Wyatt, Walker Wilson, Harrison T. Wilson. Andrew J. Wilson. ENLISTMENTS AFTER Mt STEK. Milton B. Boord. Hiram C. Ellsworth. W. H. Fortune. Gilbert W. Jenree. Hiram Leland. Eli R. Oiler. Alexander Osborne. Prosper A. Rose. Levi Wm. Rosecrans. Orlando P. Sala. Elihu Seabolt, Edward Seabolt. George F. Davison. COMPANY B. William E. Leffingwell. Captain, Samuel S. Burdett. Captain, John K. McKeen Joseph S. Edsall. John M. Gates, Henry P. Shiffer, l^emuel C. Hinman. Robert B. Fulton. Jephtha B. Dunn. Wellington Allen. George Kincaid, David C. Mclntyre. Joseph S. Vandegrilf. Strong Buell, Benj. S. Woodward. Eliram S. Heberling-, Levi G. Allen. James Lister. George A. Gibson. .John A. Miller, Hiram (i. Hunt. Duncan C. McDonell. Wm. W. (Gardner. Robert T. LeCavalier. Job G. Morton. Lemuel Durling. Ezra J. SMith. Wm. L. Soper. Charles C. Hall. Isaac Gulick. John F. Waniehek. Edmond T. Ho])kins. (reorge (\ Tyler. John Downing. William H. Evans. Simon J. Toll. Cornelius Crawford. Nicholas Adams, David S. Bullock. Samuel Barr. Thomas Mullins. William G. (iraham. John Richards, George D. Allen. George V. Avery. George F. Bantz. John L. Barr. Dexter A. Buck. John Carr. Silas D. Crawford. George R. Carney. Orrin B. Crane. Marcus M. Chatfield. Thomas Coleman. John A. Coe. James C. Carr. James M. Devinney. Thomas Dooling. William Durling. John Ditch Lyman H. Evans. (George Flemming. Samuel B. Gates. Wm. H. Garland. Henry L. (irover. Heni-y Guth. George H. Harper. Wm. J. Haney. Reason B. Heddin. KNLISTMENTS AFTEU Ml.s' William H. Bray. John M. Chase. Thomas M. Ci-awford. Michael Cunningham. (Jeorge W. Dilley. Hughey L. Heinman. Jo.seph T. Foster. 1st Lieutenant. Wm. H. DeFreest. 2d Lieutenant. William Hug-hson. Harlow Kinney. James C. Kier, John M. D. Kelly. John Kelly, Henry K. Lowry. David D. Mills. Almond M. Mosher. .Squire Moni^oe. Richard Moore. Peter VV' . xMcDonnell. Luke Pierson. Charles G. Penniman. (ieorge Redfeai-n. Frank Robinson. Isaac Rhodes. Joseph H. Robertson. Elisha G. Stanley. Alexander Shields. Sylvester M. Scott, Howard E. Smith. Henry B. Stockwell. August Thomas. Frederick Thorn, William Will)er. Edwin M. Winters. Samuel Whipple. William H. H. West. Dwiglil Wheedon. IKK. S. H. McMasters, (Jeorge Rouse. John S. Stearns. Warren Williams. Oscar G. Williams. Benjamin F. Monroe. 388 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. COMPANY C. Levi Chase, Captain. Albert ¥. Dean, 2d Lieutenant. Benjamin Raney, 1st Lieutenant. Thomas Jones, 1st Lieutenant. Mathew Ronaldson, 2d Lieutenant. Samuel H. F. Wilson. William A. Clark. Wm. G. Harbaeh. ("linton M. Turner. Oinen F. Lane. Elijah W. Majors, Benjamin S. Castle, .lames L. King. Otio S. Whiting-. Jackson Charter, Thos. J. R. Perry. Martin Moore, Andrew W. Wyman. John L. Baltzer. Edward L. Stone, (ieorge Patterson. Franklin Taylor. Jackson C'arter. Paul Hendricks, Sjimuel Chapman, (ieorge Hook. William Allen. James Ingersoll. rhomas Hutchinson. Edwin W. Deal. Oliver W. Cott'man. Samuel Albert on. F'ranklin Arrickson. Joseph Boltz (leorge liarr. .\lmond Bowman. MalcomI) S. Andrews Wilbert S. Andrews. Benjamin V. Barr. Wm". W. Bai-r, Wm. L. Brown. -Jno. S. B. Cog-ireshall Henry (Tearheart. Israel Henrv. I', (iad BryM,ii, Captain. James I). ,Jenks. Captain. Henry C. Blake, Benjamin A. Brewer. Albert C. Brice. Joseph Brees, Michael Boyer. Josiah Cameron, (ieorg'e H. Carey, John B. Cole, Simeon Cooley. Curtis M. Copp. Benjamin F. Clegg. James Corkwell. Joseph Clothier. Harvey J. Cling-field. Thaddeus J. Dean. Dipperman. Henry J. Franklin Drury. (leorge Delfelter. ( 'harles C. Eastman. John M. Fife. Wm. A. Guardnei', Mathew C. (ilann. Isaac Hammond. Alex. T. Hamilton. Oeorg"e C. Hawkins. Porter W. Heni-y. Michael Higgins, Loyd Horner. John Hillery, Henry Jefferson. Luther B. Johnson. KNI^ISTMENTS AFTEK !\irs'l' Paul Hendricks. Wm. H. Hendricks. John L. Hill, John W. Kershner. Wm. O. S. Keaver. . Baseomb H. Kelly. Wm. Morgan. Richard F. Morgan. COMPANY D. Wm. R. Sh George M Thomas Jones, Rolla Kimball. Robert G. Laughlin. Nicholas Lacosta. Alfred J. Lither. Charles E. Madera. Samuel Marchant. Michael McCrary, William Morgan. S. Parkinson, Horace Payne. Charles Rankin. John Russell. John Simm.ons. George C. Sackett. Wm. H. Slocum. Wm. P. Shelton. Allen Stoddard. Wm. S. Steele, (4randville Stockman. Abraham Stutsman. Joseph O. Scanlon. Michael Seyb. James G. Unger. Rufus LTnderwood. (jeorge Vanbeek. Elijah G. Wilcox. Geo. L. Whitmarsh. Jacob R. Wolfe, Otis S. Whiting. Theodore Zingre. EK. Huston H. Ritchie. Wm. B. Smith, Nicholas Stover. John W. Voss. Samuel B. Welch. Thomas D. Wilson. Plinv Wilcox. rJames M. Bryan, Perry R. ( "rosswait. .\braham J. Reeves. Butler Bird. Jesse R. La.mliert. Jame^ (i. Rutter. Clarence S. Wilson. Henry Shaver, James K. McGinnis. -Jeremiah T. (iarrison, river. Ist Lieutenant. W^alker. 2d Lieutenant. Wm. Turk. Carlos E. Sampson. Hiram Metcalf. Wm. H. Newman. William B. Ramsev. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 3S9 William H. Cross wait. Samuel E. Shannon. William Appleg-ate. John H. McMahon. John Hammon. David W. Griffith. John Harlow. Benjamin F. Griffitli. Everts S. Ewing, David D. Burnett. Amos H. McChn-e. Willet Carpenter. John T. Kendall. Milton Carter. Henry B. An Dyke. John Barlow. James H. Bird. David W. Burnett. James W. Black. Aaron Biggs. Thomas Black. Wm. W. Kerr, Elihu G. Barker. Samuel W. Conrad. William C. Carter, George H. Colville. Thomas M. Cleland. Cornelius Decker, Andrew J. Fransher. Andrew Foust. William (jraham. John W. (iraham. Isaac E. Groom. Anndrew J. Gilmore. Charles W. Hunt. H. E. Halterman Levi Hammon, James Howey. Peter Hill. Wm. W. Hicks. George Hollings worth. Milton Judkins. Francis M. Judkins. David H. Brown. Edward H. Brown. John M. Crinwell. John C. Delbridge. Samuel A. Flanders. Abel (iraham. Henry Hammon. Tilmau G. Harmon. Wm. L. Hornby. Albert Hutchinson, Tyra R. Hutchins. Henry C. Jeffries. Benjamin R. Johnsf)n Jonathan Judkins, ENLISTMENTS AFTER MUS John B. Judkins. Roswell W. Kelly, DeWitt C. Kelly' John Kirk. Thomas J. Lewis. Wm. (). Ludlow. Samuel J. McCauUey. James K. McCandless, Thomas McClean. Valentine Martin. William H. Magill. Charles T. Magill. , Samuel B. Palmer. James H. Palmer, Charles Lewis, William Lewis. AVm. O. Lee, Bayliss E. Lake, Charles C. Martin. William McCiee. Myron Maine. Hiram Metcalf, Jonathan Pettit, George Reed. James B. Rabbit. Jesse Slough. Wm. Shannon. Thomas T. Stradley. Jabez Snythebotham. Enoch Trimble. John J. Thompson. Harvey Thomas. John H. Williams. Thonips Williams. Wm. M. ^Vilson, PER. William A. Dickson. William Pursell. Joseph K. Reynolds. Andrew J. Rubles. Alanson W. Sage, Matthias R. Shaver. Geoi'ge W. Shaver. John W. Shaver. Jackson C. Smith. Edward Shufeldt. Mathew Wilkin. Wm. F. Whitmarsh, Chas. E, Whitmarsh, C^OMPANY E. William Thompson. Captain. Silas R. Nugen. 1st Lieutenant. Wm. P. McClure, 1st Lieutenant. Thos. A. Bereman. '2d Lieutenant. Sumner B. Marshall. 2d Lieutenant. William A. Coulter. Franklin D. Mailing. Joseph H. Blazer. Thomas J. Marsh. Cyrus H. Wills. Heni-y Warren, Wm. W. Fluke. Alex. F. Wildason, J. T. North. Christian Kauffman, Turner B. Winif, Arthur M. Cornwell. Charles B. Weller, (ieorge W. Vanorsdol. Elias Pricket. Henry T. Pownall. Clementine M. Bird, W. H. H. Ogan. John Thompson. Peter M. Redd. Joseph H. Arnold. Josiah Lees. Robert Baxter. William Hull. William C Hall. Nathaniel L. Ives. C. M. Snyder. John T. Brooks, (ieorge Ruel. Moses C. Chase. D. C. Bumbgardnei', (ieorge Acton. Theodore Biglei-, 890 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. T. B. Beam, Thomas Buck, F. M, Buck, Alexander Brown, A. B. Chatterton. J. A. Campbell, N. G. Chilcott, George F. Coata, William Cratty, W. R. Craig, F. H. Cole. Amasa Daily, John E. Fi-ank, H. H. Hess, [. N. Hall, T. J. Hancock, John W. Hardin, A. W. Hoffman, B. M. Heath erington, C. W. Howard, George E. Ives. Josiah James, W. H. Johnson, Zachariah Kinnett, Christian Kauffman. Jeremiah Kitchen. Orlando Kincaid, Cyrus L. Kincaid. Gad Lyman. Clarke Lynch. Martin Meredith, John McCormick. Joseph Masden. J. C. Oakes, W. B. Patton, John W. Hardin. Jacob Pfoutz, Joseph M. Potter, Jacob S. Probasco. George W. Ramsey. S. S. Sterling, E. M. Stapleton, Abi'aham Shippen, Samuel Thompson. John G. Van Voast. Oliver H. White. W. N. White. John C. Wilson. James Wilson, Ransom Walker. L. D. Wiggins, Cyrenus W^arren, George Worley. Nathaniel Ives. ENLISTMENTS AFTER JH'STEK. Elijah H. Bartlett. John W^. Baker, Wm. W. Barr. Emery Bennett. Thomas M. Beam. Wm. G. Blank. Henry H. Cratty. Carlisle Canterbury. Andrew J. Day. Wm. A. Davis, Mortimer B. Daniell, Chandler W. Ellsworth. W"m. F. Earhart, John W^. Fowler. William (jray, Samuel Grimes, Frederick P. Helphrey, (ieorge W. Hill, John E. Hipwell. Jacob Hulbert, Eugene W. Hall, Chai'les Jobes, Thomas J. Marsh. Daniel Helphrey. Wm. B. Miller. James Montgomei-y. Samuel J. Morgan, Aug. S. McCormick. Andrew Patterson. Upton S. Ramsey, Joseph B. Ramsey. John Smith. Fletcher M. Welptou. Harvey Wing. Jonathan Willford. COMPANY F. Philip E. Shafer. Caj^tain. James O. Gower, Captain. James R. Elliott. Captain. Charles Dustin, 1st Lieutenant. Jacob Hursh, 2d Lieutenant. Absalom J. Beeson. Charles W. W^. Dow. Martin L. Morris. David E. Morgan. N'elson H. Browner, Jacob L. Wyly, John J. Sanders. James H. McCord, William Hunter. William F. Hamilton. James C. Huskins. Henry W. Shaver. Thomas H. Hart. Marqviis G. Troup. William Tatman. James Convey, Thomas J. Brown. Frederick A. Druff, , Allison Bunker, Uberto E. Johnson. Stephen M. Sexton. Justin Ct. Patton, Carey R. Smith. Peter B. (J reaves. Shed rick M. Hines. Charles A. Barlow. John S. Baker. Enos H. Wilson. James W. Crawford. W^illiam McClure. William H. Hamilton, Thomas D. Morgan. James E. Wilson. Samuel C. Dickerson. James B. Doran. (ieorge I). Hanna. Samuel Mitchell. Richard L. Hoxie. Thomas Clarke. James J. Bell. John Smitz, Daniel Austin, Robert Allen, John S. Allen. Daniel D. Boyd, Wm. R. Bolding, John Bolton, Balthazar Bollinger. Wm. J. Bowen. W. H. H. Cunningham. John Corlett, James S. Catlin, John C. Gerrard, James C. Wilson. mSTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 391 John Hamilton, Heni-v C. Hamlin. Oliver P. Hull, (ieol'ge Hart, Ray S. Hart, Moses F. Johnson. e7ohn Kay, Max Klein, Joseph W. Latta. Stephen Baker. James C. Boston, Jesse Bunker, James L. Calvert. Warren H. Clark. Loren R. Craig. Alexander Doran, Berriman Easton. Thomas Ferrell. William (ieorge. Enoch Goodwin. Elisha Grey, Joseph G. Hise. Stephen Hook, (^yrus Housell. Chalmers Woodriiff. James W. McCormick, Charles Mayer, John Novinger, Albert Powers, Benjamin F. Parsons, Hildabert Perry, Bernard C. Reilly, John R.. Sumner, Cleophas Smelcer, Samuel Sewell, Maletius J. Simms, William E. Snodgrass. Oregan A. Stillings, Emory F. Stratton. Joseph C. Stone, Thos. A. Williamson. Isaiah P. Wilson. ENLISTMENTS AFTER MUSTER. A. Hollingsworth, Benj. HoUing-sworth, John C. Hunter, Henry P. Jones, Irving C. Jones. John H. Jobe. Ephraira Jobe, Thomas Kendall, James L. Mathews. George W. Mitchell. A. J. Montgomery. Joseph Moody, Charles McCoy, George McClure. David M. McCord. Thomas Reed, COMPANY G. Corydon L. Nurse. Bryan O'Connor. Alonzo Owen, Russell Park, Abraham Palmer Wm. Powers, Thomas M. Priddy. George W. Reilly. Wm. H. Smith. ' Alpheus Titus. Charles H. Thompson. Samuel Van Norman. Ira Williams. John D. Wilson. Josiah Wilson. James D. Thompson. Captain. Herman H. Heath. 1st Lieutenant. .John McDermott. Caiitain. P^lkanah S. Foster. 1st Lieutenant. Soloinon Smith, "id Lieutenant. James M. Simeral. Horace Barron. W^m. W. Babcock. Orlo W. Uunton, Silas N. Palmer. Alfred A. Alline. Harris Hoover. Isaac Soule. (ieo. W. Walton, (ieorge R. Bos well. James Hervey. Albert W. Hosford, James W. McDermott. Lawrence Schoonover, Joshua D. Myers. John Q. Hanna. Samuel M. Hoff. Victor Gilbert. Samuel A. Rice. Samuel D. Drake. Arthur F. Rudolph. Jason Robinson. George W. Camp. Joel (j. Lounsberry. Daniel R. Hopper. James H. Stewart, Hiram J. Dunwell. Joseph C. Ervin. Michael O. Sullivan. Purdy M. Byerly, Thomas Mulford, Charles A. Adams. John Armitage, F^dward Bronson. James W. Beecroft. James C. Boston, Edward J. Brown. Levi Cassleman, Hugh C. Connell, Suell Dodge, Thomas B. Drake. (Jeorgc H. Dubois. George Deetrick. Luther W. Sanderson. Allen Fowkes, William B. Fish. Stanton Fanning. Robert (iartley. Mathew (4ant. Thomas S. Heller. Alonzo L. Hurd. Wm. D. Johnson. Augustus J. Kintz. Ernst A. Klingenberg. John W. Krapfel. Alexander Larkey. Theodore LcBarr. Joshua I). Myers. John Murphy. James McDermott. Nathaniel Mc(\n'ren. Jack INIonroe, Ario Morgan. Robert G. Needels. Stephen G. Rice. Joseph A. Turner. 892 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Otto Rothlander, N. B. Rosenberry, Frank F. Sanderson. Elon J. Skinner. David W. Scott. Louis Scherrer. James H. Stewart. Edwin J. Smith, Henry Schertz, James L. Stone. Frank Talty. W. W. Timmins, Silas W. Trenchard. J. F. Emberg, Edmund L. Wells. Charles M. Simmons, John B. Stevenson. ENLISTMENTS AFTER MUSTER. Jeremiah Bivins, Marshall D. Carpenter. Daniel K. Cobb, Wilson Clark, John F. Clark. Oscar J. Daniels, Levi S. Drinkwalter. Frederick B. Dora. George Ellsworth. John M. Furman. John Gebhart, Henry Gregory. James H. Hadley. Howard Hall, Albert S. Hurd, John Kirk, Charles H. Kibbee. George W. Carr. E. L. Clinkenbeard. John M. Crinwell, Edward Lauderdale. Lester Coe, Earl K. McMillen. Rasmus Marshall. Thomas Mullins. Charles H. Porter, ('ornelius Pocock. George P. Ranslow, Samviel A. Rose. Nelson Slaiken. John W. Smith, Lacy M. Simmons. Benjamin F. Skinner. F. H. Severance, Henry C. Skinner, Henry P. Tayton, Jno. L. B. Thompson. Palmer B. Turner. John Vest, Eli Waring, John Wheeler, John H. Williams, Jerome B. Wentworth. Christopher C. Wilson. John M. Younff. Daniel Anderson, Captain. Riley Westcoatt. Captain. COMPANY H. Wm. S. Whisenand, 1st Lieutenant. Albert U. McCormick, 2d Lieut. Samuel T. Craig. Edwin R. Rockwell. Allen W. Knight. George Sturges, David K. Webster. Daniel I. Leffler, William H. Harris. Josephus Hays. John B. Matson. Henry L. DashielJ. Daniel Easley, Jr.. Doddridge W. Cook. Thomas Clark, James Davidson. Marion John, ('harles Johnson. W. Klingaman, (ieorg-e H. Kingsbury, James B. Kempton, (ieorge W. Kempton. Seth T. Kempton, Peter Knowlen, C. H. Jjeffingwell. Anderson Lister. John A. Long. John H. Lea. Charles McKibbon. Jacob H. Munson. Tobias May, Henry Mitchell. Charles G. P. Myers. Edward H. Messenger. John C. Murphy. John W. Morris. James E. McCalvan. Martin C. Morris. John L. McClelland. Wm. H. Gardner, Edward Howard, Benjamin Huestiss, Alphonso W. Myers, James McAlavey, Alvin S. Murray, William McGuire. Benjamin F. Martin. George W. McCoy. Marcus J. Pennock. Solomon E. Peak, Amos Prindle, Malachi Perry, John M. Pitzer, Fi'anklin Prentice, Elijah J. Preston. Newell P. Quimtay. (Charles W. Roberts. John R. Ross, George W. Royster. John A. Roberts. Benjamin Roberts. Perry Roberts, Ira J. Robertson, Leonard W. Rhoade? Simeon Strong. Morton Hayes, John H. Jurney. Thomas Jones, Wm. F. Stewart, Henry C. Stewart, Martin V. Sherrard. Nicholas Swingle, Joseph Stenger. John D, Sunderland. Wm. H. Stewart, James H. Stewart, Newton Sanders, David Sherrard. Willis C. Smith, Wm. (i. Tate, Arthur B. Thomas, John ('. Tiffany. John Upton, Wm. AV. Wright. Fletcher J. Walker, George H. Watson, Owen Wilkins, Ishmael Wilson, James Wining, Evan W. Williams. VETERAN RE-ENLISTMENTS. ISH-i. COMPANY A. Robert M. Reynolds. Captain. John R. Marshall. 1st Lieutenant. John L. Russell, 2d Lieutenant. Alexander P. Boyce, James P. Turner, Joseph C. McCandless. Thomas J. O' Bleness. Henry L. Morrill. John L. Russell. Thomas Reynolds. John Wright. John Smith. George Reafia. Harvey Adair. Benjamin Blair. William W. Blair. William O. Burns. David Conley. William H. Carey, Owen P. Gore, Williamson H. Fortune John A. Herwick, Henry L. Hoagland. Thomas S. James. William Linn, Charles H. Lyons, Michael Malone. James McCutcheon, George McKee, George R. Miller. Charles E. Moss. Nelse P. Nelson, Andrew O'Bleness. Eli R. Oiler. Alexander Osborn, Samuel Pore, William Pore, Elmore Reed, Daniel Riebold. Anglos F. Sala. Orlando P. Sala. William Scheyli. James Scott. Moses C. Short, James Smith. Harrison T. Wilson. Andrew J. Wilson. Abraham Wilson. (4eorge W. Welchymer, Andrew J. Wright. William Wyatt. I 400 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Samuel S. Burdett. C Henry P. Shifter, Hiram S. Heberling. John K. McKeen. George D. Allen, George V. Avery, Nicholas Adams, Philip H. Bray. Samuel Barr, David S. Bvillock, George R. Carney. Orrin B. Crane. COMPANY B. aptain. Joseph T. Marcus M. Chatfield, John M. Chase, Michael Cunningham. John A. Ditch, Thomas Doolin, William H. Durling. George W. Dilley. Lyman H. Evans. Wm. W. Gardner. Isaac Gulick. Henry L. Grover. Foster. Ist Lieutenant. Wm. H. Garland, Reason B. Hedden. William H. Hughson. James Lister. Job G. Morton, Squire L. Monroe. Peter W. McDonald. George Readfern. George Rouse. Ezra L Smith. Oscar G. Williams. COMPANY C. Thomas Jonets. Captain. Mathew Ronaldson. 1st Lieutenant. William A. Clark. 2d Lieutenant. Thomas R. Perry. Edward L. Stone. Clinton M. Turner. Frederick Oren Lane. Paul Hendricks. Martin M. Moore. George VanBeek, Michael Seyle, Thomas Hutchinson. Curtis M. Copp. William P. Allen. Malcomb S. Andrews. John L. Baltzer, Michael Boyer. Wm. L. Brown. Alexander C Brice. George H. Carey. James Corkwell. Joseph Clothier. Harvey J. Clingenpeel. George Delfelter. Henry J. Depperman. Wm. A. Gardner. Henry Gearhart. John"L. Hill. Wm. H. Hendricks. Rolla Kimball. John W. Kerchner. COMPANY D. Nicholas LaCosta. Charles F. Madera, Michael McCrary. William Morgan, Richard F. Morgan. Charles H. Rankin. John Russell, Granville L. Stockman. Wm. B. Smith. Winfield S. Steele. James G. linger, George L. Whitmarsh. Samuel E. Welch. James D. Jenks. Captain. William R. Shriver. 1st Lieutenant. George M. Walker, 2d Lieutenant. James G. Rutter. Abraham J. Reeves. Willet Carpenter. John Barlow. Thomas Black. David W. Burnett. Edward Brown, Samuel W. Conrad. John M. Creswell, Cornelius Decker. Joseph Dyke. John C. Delbridge. Abel Graham. William G. Graham. John C. Hammon, Jacob Harsh. James Howery. Peter Hill, Albert Hutchinson. Henry C. Jeffries. Benj. R. Johnson. Milton R. Judkins. John V. Judkins. Jonathan Judkins. DeWitt C. Kelly. Roswell C. Kelly. Bayles E. Lake. Charles Lewis. William O. Ludlow. Hiram T. Metcalf. William H. Magill. Samuel B. Palmer. William B. Ramsey. James B. Rabbitt. Joseph K. Reynolds. Jackson C. Smith. Jesse Slough, Alanson W. Sager. Matthias B. Shaver. John H. Williams, William F. Whitmarsh. COMPANY E. Thomas A. Bereman, Captain. Silas R. Nugen. 1st Lieutenant. Sumner B. Marshall. 2d Lieutenant. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 401 William A. Coulter. John T. North, Alexander F. Wildasiu. Christian Kautfman, Joseph H. Arnold, Josiah Lees, Robert Baxter. Isaac- N. Hall, (ieorge Ruel. Theodore Bigler, Fi'ancis B. Beam. Francis M. Buck. John W. Baker, Alexander Brown. Clement M. Bird. Carlisle Canterbury. Alvin B. Chatterton. James A. Campbell. Nathan J. Chilcott. William Cratty. Walter R. Craig. Ama.sa Daily, John E. Frank, Eugene W. Hall. Henry H. Hess, (ieorge W. Hill, Aurelius W. Hoffman. Charles W. Howard. (Jeorge E. Ives, Josiah James, Charles Jobes, Jeremiah Kitchen. Orlando I). Kincaid, Cyru.s L. Kincaid. Gad Lyman, John McCormick, Joseph Masden. James Montgomery, William B. Patten, Upton S. Ramsey, Effenger M. Stapleton. Jonathan Wilfoi'd, Fletcher M. Welpton. Elijah H. Bartlett. COMPANY F. Charles Dustin, (Japtaiu. Jacob Hursh, 1st Lieutenant. Char-les W. W. Dow, 2d Lieutenant. James C. Huskins. I'eter B. Greaves. James E. Wilson. Enos H. Wilson, Richard L. Hoxie. 'I'homas J. Browner. 'I'homas M. Hart, William F. Tatman. Balthazar Bollinger. Daniel D. Boyd, John Bolton, rJohn Corlett. John Cooper. James L. Calvert. AVarren H. Clark. l.ioren E. Craig, pjlisha Gray, Enoch A. Goodwin. Henry P. Jones, Marx Klein. Thomas S. Kendall. William P. McClure, (ieorge McClure. Charles McCoy. -James L, Mathews. Corydon L. Nourse, John Hamilton. Alonzo Owen. Bryan O'Connor, Thomas W. Priddy, Bernard C. Reiley. George W. Reiley, Thomas J. Reed, John J. Sanders. Cleophaus Smelcer. Marquis G. Troup. Alpheus Titus, Josiah Wilson, John D. Wilson. COMPANY G. -John McDermott, Ca^jtain. Elkanah 8. Foster. Solomon Smith. 2d Lieutenant. 1st Lieutenant. William W. Babcock. Jeremiah Bivins, Edward P. Bronson. J.,evi Cassleman, Edw. L, Clinkenbeard. Daniel R. Cobb, (ieorge H. Dubois, (jreorge Detrick. (ieorge Ellsworth. James Hervey, Albert W. Hosford, William D. Johnson. El-nest Klingenberg. Coe Leteer, Ari Morgan. John Murphy. Cornelius Pocock. Samuel A. Rice. Louis Sherer. Charles M, Simnioris. David W, Scott. Wingate W. Tininiins. John Vest. Eli Warring, Jerome B. Wentwortli. John Wheeler. COMPANY H, William S. Whisenand, Captain. Albert L^. McCormick. Isl Lieut, Samuel W. Craig, 2d Lieutenant. David K. Webstei', (ieorge M. Mark, John S. Birkhead. James H. Cowan. .James Craig. David Carnes, Thomas H. Dull. Chilon Dickson. Thomas A. Matson. Thomas T. Maxwell, James A. Mark, Xelson H. Mavdole, 402 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Walter S. Handley. John Hampton. Harlow G. Bates. Henry Wood. Sterling S. Bates. William H. Adams. James ('. Allen. Joseph L. Bates. Abram H. Babb. Francis P. Birkhall. Franklin Burdan, Lawson B. ('arlton, Nathan B. ('arroll, William H. ( 'owan. Daniel M. Elder, Daniel H. Ferman. Levi R. Frenier, Thomas C. Grey, Vincent. M. Quinn. Isaac Hartsuck, Ozro Harrington, Charles H. Holmes. Albert T. Hart. Henry H. Jefferson, Richard L. Knight, .Sylvanus M. Kester. William H, Kendall, David C. Ken worthy. Clifford W. Mason, Dyas Neill, Frederick H. Purinton. Abram Remson. Andrew J, Smith. John M. Snook. Martin W. Sullivan, Joseph Stagers, John F, B. Searcy. Leuman W. Story, Robert Sinclair. Joseph B. Teas, George C. Thompson. David F. White. COMPANY I. David C. Dinsmore, Captain. Amos Dilley. 1st Lieutenant. William H. Kitterman, 2d Lieutenant. Joseph H. Springer. Moses Miller. Noah W. Briles. Gottleib Bollen. David C, Bottorff, Wilson K. Bottorf. John M. Boster, Andrew 1, Chapman, Edwin M. Church, William Clark. Milton S. Clark. Theodore J. ( 'reamer. Albert Curtis. John A, Davis. COMPANY K. Robert 1^. Freeman, Captain. Thomas H. Barnes, 1st I.,ieutenant. George W. Dickens, Jonathan E. Dodge. Geore W. Dalton, Daniel A. Elliott. William D. Earl, Leander N. Godfrey. Andrew Hawk, Washington Hawk, Jackson Hendrickson, Absalom Hollingsworth, Andrew J. Johnson, Cornelius S. Johnston, Harris C Lynn. Samuel M. Lindsey. John M. Macklin. Samuel T. McCune. Charles H. McFarling. Robert T. Newell, Alonzo Parrish, Anson B. Phelps. John S. Shreeve, Samuel T. Sisson, William E. Street. Jasper N. Thompson. Henry C. Uhler, William Vanhoosen. Charles F. Keeler, 2d Lieutenant. James M. Russell. ( 'harles Duboise. W^alter W. Carpenter. Peter Clausen, Peter Chambers. Stephen Harris, Edward Harmon. John L. Gardner. Benjamin A, Fay. George W. Kelly. Charles P, .\twood. William P. Bowers, Benton Bowman, Edwin (4, Bricker, John Berden, .John A, Bailey, .\bner J. Case. Charles G. Carpenter, Palmer Dobson, Barron Edwards, Albert H. Fairchilds. Morris Granger, Archibald Green, John Graydas, John L, Howarth, Thomas Hartin. Samuel Jamieson. Henry M, Jones, David P, Jennings. Jason W. Kinsley. John G. Kidder. George Lewis, Erastus Morgan. Oscar Moore. George Oathout. Orrin A. Phillips. Edward Reynolds. Benjamin Rathburne. John Sheeley, Samuel Stillions, Edward Sliter, Allen Sharp, William H. Saucer. George W. Smith, John M. Truman. Lewis Virden. George AVeikel, Harrison Wolf, William H. Walker. Samuel Wright. HISTORY OF FIR8T IOWA CAVALRY. 40?J COMPANY L. David (\ Mclntyre. Captain. James M. Simeral. 1st I.,ieut«inanl. Warren Y. Reeves. 2d Lieutenant. John M. f^nochs. James V. Brown. Horace J. Leonard. James M. Kerr, ( 'harles E. Miller. William W. Slade. Herbert L. Milln. James T. Xowlaii. John B. P. Dodd. James P. Ayrault. Aug'ust Brulot. John Bochrolein. Thompson F. Blair. Joseph Castanet. ( 'harles A. Chase. Martin S. Cisco. Nathaniel Chandler. Stephen P. Carnahan. John H. Davis. (ieorge H. Davis. COMPANY M. James P. Crosby. Captain. Edward A. Andrew Doosler. Collin (J. Es.son. ( harles H. Edgecomb. William W. Foote. 'I'homas Fleming. William H. Gunn. (ieorge Harrington, (ieorge Hillman. David Jack. William Jenkins. George W. Jewett. .Stephen K. Keyes. Louis La France, (iottlieb Lange. Joseph Moody. Lucien B. Manwaring. Andrew Miller. Zebulon Maurice. Nicholas Maurice. William Martin. Nicholas Portz. Henry C. Potter. George S. Kogci-a. James E. Kice, Joshua Seward. Thomas Schadt. Henrv W. Smith. Clark M. Slade. Ira C. Scott. Mathew H. Scott. Joab Somers. William Smith, (ieorge P. Turnei-. Joseph Tienan. Francis Tienan. i'eter Walter. Jonathan Whit*-. John Wenger. Dunham. 1st Lieutenant. Solomon Townsend. 2d Lieutenant. (ieorge McDowall. (ieorge T. Nettle. Patrick E. Burke. Henrich Klapplin. James M. Alcorn. Henry Bennett. DeWitt C. Browneon. Noble H. Brown. Noah Boon. Missel Ballard. James (?lark. David Carr. Wm. (j. Cummings. Horace C. Cure. James M. Decker. Patrick Duffy. Miron Dean. John Douglas. Francis A. Doray. Thomas C. Elce. Thomas E. Francis. Paschal (iardner. Nathan fjordon. Thomas Gammel. Charles Hibber. Nelson P. Hill. William H. Hunting. James Harrod. Edwin H. Hines. Reuben Hubbell. Edward P. Iden. Martin Jordan. Richard M. Johnson. .Samuel A. Johnson. Jeremiah Kilmer. Marquis D. Lillie. FIELD AND STAFF. John M. Makinson. (ieorge McClintock. Abraham Murray. Robert B. McFarland. Eugene I. Mullen, (jeorge Pennington. William C. Potts, (ieorge W. Rice. Joseph Stamper, (ieorge Sears, (jieorge Thompson. Jacob Vanney. Frederick C. Wilkes. Edward Ware. Washington I. Walling. Joseph Wirth. William S. Young. William Thompson. Colonel. Charles H. Lothrop. Surgeon. Alex. G. McQueen. Lieut. Colonel. James Hervey. Asst. Surgeon. James D. Jenks. Major. Asa Morgan. Asst. Surgeon. Jr)hn McDermott. Major. William W. Fluke. (Quartermaster. James S. Rand. Chaplain. 404 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAA'^ALRY. LINE OFFICERS. Robt. M. Reynolds. Capt. C"o. A. John L. Russell. 2d Lt. Co. A. Joseph T. Foster. Capt. Co. B. Henry P. Shiffer, 1st Lt. Co. B. Hiram S. Heberling, 2d Lt. Co. B. Thomas J. R. Perry, 1st Lt. Co. C. Clinton M. Turner. 2d Lt. Co. C. George M. Walker. Capt. Co. D. James G. Rutter. 1st Lt. Co. D. Wm. B. Ramsey. 2d Lt. Co. D. Thomas A. Bereman, Capt. Co. E. William A. Coulter, 1st Lt. Co. E. ( Christian Kauffman, 2d Lt. Co. E. Charles Dustin, ("apt. C'o. F. Charles W. W. Dow. 1st Lt. Co. F. Albert W. Hosford, 2d Lt. Co. G. Wm. S. Whisenand. Capt. Co. H. Albert U. McCormick, 1st Lt, Co. H. Samuel T. Craig, 2d Lt. Co. H. Amos Dilley, 1st Lieut. Co. L James M. Russell, 2d Lt. Co. K. David C. Mclntyre. Capt. Co. L. James M. Simeral, 1st Lt. Co. L. John M. Enochs, 2d Lt. Co. L. Edward A. Dunham, 1st Lt. Co. M. Solomon Townsend, 2d Lt. Co. M. ADDITIONAL ENLISTMENTS. Ellas J. Babcoek. John J. Bell. Albion Blood. Milton Copp, Oliver L. Conn, (xeorge W. Carlton. Freeman Buell. Japheth Ball. James E. Elliott. Philip H. Francis. John H. Brandt. Jerome Carpenter. Charles Chickering. John H. (Uark, Doddridge W. Cook. John M. (!resswell. Wm. M. Sanderson. COMPANY A. Robert C. Dwigans. Joseph Dwigans, Lucius Fassett, Jerome Hollenbeck, John C. Lyon. Emery Mathews. COMPANY B. H. M. Johnson, Washington McNutt. Hiram H. Mayne, Charles H. Leffingwell. COMPANY C. Noah W. Estep, George W. Hardin. Marion Johnson. Charles Johnson. -John W. Morris. COMPANY 1). Joseph Dyke. COMPANY E. Charles L. Morrill. Andrew Neil. Byron Pettit, James R. Sci-oggs. Benjamin W^ingrove. Henry Samuels. William G. Tate. George W. Wheeler, Martin C. Morris, John C. Murphy. John I). Sunderland. John Upton. Jacob Harsh. Tighlman H. Bereman. Washington Klingaman. John C. 'I'itfany. Samuel H. Howe. John Potter. COMPANY F. John W. Baxter. Ellei-y N. Foster. John H. Boyd, COMPANY (i. Joseph M. Maxwell. David Terwilliger. Virgil Race. COMPANY H. Edward C. Douglas. Thomas Jones. Joseph L. Hall, David H. King. Silas C. Hennagin. Anderson Lister. Ralph Hennagin. West McDowell. James M. Merritt. (Jeorge W. Walker. Peter Quinn. John P. Ross. -Tohn Wilson. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY, 4-0 Augustus Anderson. John Campbell. Seth T. Kempton. Harry O. Burger, Albert Burgess, Henry P. Brooks. Melvin Bonham. John Douglass, Daniel T. Durbon. (reo. W. D. Eastman. Royal P. Faris. Samuel J. Fry. Dudley Sti'oud, Benjamin G. Stanley. Nicholas Swingle. (Jharles L. Barnum. Nathaniel Chandler. Daniel H. Hughes, (reorge W. Jewett. (ieorge Allen. James M. Alcorn. James Donahue. Lorenzo Dean. Francis A. Doray. Hiram Fay. James E. Arnold. Robert F. Armstrong. John M. Anderson. Dan'l W. B. Anderson. Eber M. Alford. Oliver B. Ackerman. Harvey D. Andrews. Lyman W. Austin. Adolphus Z. Brown. Hiram Brown. Benjamin F. Best. Frank M. Boxley, John J. Buffington. Joseph Brun. Victor Burn ham. Plympton Babcock. Lyman H. Bi-ownson. Joseph Benedict. James H. Br-ace. Charles Bates. Anderson M. Benge. Thomas R. Bickley. COMPANY I. George B. Kempton. James B. Kempton. Jacob H. Munson. COMPANY K. Albert C. Grantham, Hiram Hackenberg, John W. Holmes. Freedom J. Howard. Jason W. Kinsley. George M. Josljm, George K. Massiker. Leonidas Ogg. Malachi Perry. Jesse B. Shelharaer, Hans E. Schoolrud. John Tussack. COMPANY L. John A. Long, James E. McCalligan. James McClavey. COMPANY M. John A. Grundy. Eugene E. Hannabal. Silas W. Harris. James Harrad. Hiram Hay ward. INASSIONED. John Blein. Andrew W. Benn. Clinton M. Barto. John L. Bolding. Francis Bias. Joseph F. Bell. William D. Boyd. Peter Brown. William N. Bishop. p]dgar \V. Brownson. Jesse M. Cook. Patrick Caill. Wm. S. Coushman. Charles Cox. James M. ('alder, flames Coakley, John D. Corbin. John P. Corbin. John Cook, Burson Clement. Jesse Cooper. Ruesell G. (^urtiss. Audrey J. McBroom. Franklin Prentiss, Simeon Strong. John Retsel, Jonathan R. Porter. John Peters, Elijah G. Preston. Charles E. Roe, Calvin A. Robey, Charles W. Roberts. Elias Reynolds, Edward Reynolds. Jesse Thayer. Evan W. Williams. Walter H. Wheeler. Solomon E. Peak. William Smith. Henry W. Smith. Edwin A. Kendall. Robert B. McFarland. Peter McMartin. John M. Smith, (ieorge Shuman. Henry (;. Oandall. Seth Crowell. Harrison Chatman. Charles P. Crocker. Bersilla R. Cai-penter. (jeorge W. Crawford. William H. Clark. Ti-acy W. Cook. (Jarvin Couller, ("harles W. Callahan. John P. Cochrane, William N. Colegrove. Christian Cook, Horace S. Crandall, Charles Castele. William W. Davis. John S. Davis, Ira B, Drake. John W. Dawson. David Decker, Jerome Dowrife. John Duffy. -ilU) HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Edward E. Britton. Ciiarles Daily, William Doug-hty, Ira A. Davis. James K. P. England, Silas H. Emery, Marion Ellsworth, C^harles B. Eggleston. Robert F. Elinger, Wm. Eastman. Thaddeus Eli, Argayla Euke. W. K. Egglestone. Horace A. Fay, Daniel M. Fay, John Feesack, Ivucien D. Fowler. Alvara B. French. Jonathan Ford, Nathan G. Filley, Henry H. Fuller. Hugh Fairburn, Benj. D. Frame, Andrew Finkenkiller, Samuel H. FuUerton. William Flannigan. James J. Gray, William L. Gantz. Alvin T. Green, Joseph Gardover. Waldo (irant, Edward P. Gillett. Cyrus C. Gibbs. F'rancis Howe. James Hitchings. George Hoyt. Milton W. Hulburt. John Hitchings. Augustus Hulbiu't, David Hammon. William Harper. Allen A. Harden. John B. Hawkins. Samuel B. Hotinger. Henry Hotinger. George W. Hoskins. Benjamin A. Hale. Lyman Harden, Frederick Herwick. David Heister, Charles H, Housh. James W. Horn. Isaiah M. Hoggett. William F. Haun. Beaman Colville, Joseph D. Ingar. Thomas A. Jessop, Andi-ew L. Jay. Samuel Johnson. Lindley H. Joy, William S. Jobe. Taylor Judkins. Allen Jones, Jacob Keffer, John Kitterman. William H. Krotz, Jacob L. Kerhart. John Keller, John B. Kelly, James Kile, Jacob W. Kirk, Wesley P. Kimberly. George W. Ledington. John Lynch, Euretas C. Lyman. Adam Lafolleet, Milan A. Loomis. John Likes. Martin Likes. William W. Lane. Edward B. Lair, Jesse R. Lyman. John B. Love, James K. Markley, James T. Mullford. Samuel McMurry. Ephraim Moore. John A. Mclntyre. Adam Marquett. John W. Mauk. George Naier. Elias Marks, Reuben G. Merrill, Sr, . Reuben G. Merrill, Jr. , John W. Miller. Isaac Martin. Wm. H. Massay. John H. Miner. David S. Millin. William Masina. Joseph W. Milner. Joseph Marchant. John MoUinger. Geoi'ge W. McCowan. Charles W. Maclin, Wm. McCallister. Charles McCarty. William W. McCoy. James Daily, Isaac R. Mathews. David McMains, Joseph McCorkel, John A. Morrow, George W. Newell, Henry Null, Henry R. Newcomb. Edward Noa, William B. Ott, Ephraim L. Orr, James Ousley, Aaron F. Ogden, Laban O'Bleness. Michael O'Reilly, Charles A, Orr, William H. Podmore, Jacob M. Pickett. James H. Phelan. Edward Poole. Joseph Peach. James Pool, Thomas A. Pickard. Hiram Pickard. David Rutter, Joseph C. Ritchey. Abraham Robins. Thomas C. Robinson. Dallas Richardson, John A. Reed, Zachariah Read, Nelson Roberts, Ej-astus D. Ryan. Lenors Richstinn. Thomas H. Rhode, George Reynolds. Hiram Root, Thomas Rhatigan, William H. Rowe. William W. Snook. Samuel Smith. John Smith. Remembrance M. Swan. James B. Smith. Walter A. Smith, James R. Scroggs. James L. Sayres. Edmond W. Seeves. David B. Sterett. Madison Stewart. George D. Smith. Luther N. Smith. John Scheffert, David O. Schoemaker. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 407 William L. Imes, Jacob Shell, James- D. Starkey, John Skinner, Vandeliez' Slade, John W. Scrackongart. Archibald Sinclair, John M. Sprague, Thomas Shampnoi. (xeorge Teas, Alonzo W. Taft, John D. Tedro, Orange F. Tabor, Robert M. Tillotston. Don Tremaine, Silas C. Truman. Hugfh L. Short. Moses S. McCoy, Alex. J, Thompson, Andrew J. Usher, William VanWinkle, Willis Van Winkle, Martin Varley, James K. P. Van Fleet. Matthias Wagoner. John Wilson, (ieorge S. Watson, Richard H. Watson, Francis M. Wimberby, Conrad Williams, Thomas B. Williams. John (). Walker. Alfred Walker. Simeon Tuttle, Lewis Stoneman, Oscar N. Williams, Thomas S. Williams, Nichlas Witzel. John C. West. Thomas J. Whetstine, Warren L. Wallong. David Williams. Ira H. Wildman, Willis Ward, Jos. Parker Williams, James A. Weak, James Williams, Edgar L, Winson, James H. Wise, Lewis Wood. Isaac J. Wilmeth, 1S66. FIELD AND STAFF, William Thompson, Colonel. Alex. (i. McQueen, Lieut. Colonel. James D. Jenks, Major. John McDermott, Major, William Whisenand, Major. ( 'harles H. Lothrop. Surgeon. James Hervey. Asst. Surgeon. Asa Morgan, Asst. Surgeon. Henry L. Morrill. Adjutant. William W. Fluke. Quartermaster, Robert T. Newell, Commissary, James S. Rand, Chaplain. LINE OFFICERS. I'homas J. O'Bleness, Capt. Co. A. Alex. P. Boyce, 1st Lieut. Co. A. James P. Turner. 2d Lieut. Co. A. Joseph T. Foster, Capt. Co. B. Henry P. Shiffer. 1st Lieut. Co. B. Hiram S. Heberling. 2d Lt. Co. B. Thomas J. R. Perry. Capt. Co. C. (Uinton M. Turner! 1st Lt. Co. C. (xeorge Van Beek. 2d Lt. Co. C. (George M. Walker. Capt. Co. I). James G. Rutter. 1st Lt. Co. D. John C. Hamraon, 2d Lt. Co. D. William A. Coulter. Capt. Co. E. Christian KautTman, 1st Lt. Co. E. Robert Baxter. 2d Lt. Co. E. Chai'les Dustin. Capt. Co. F. Charles W. W. Dow, 1st Lt. Co. F. James C. Huskins. 2d Lt. Co. F. Albert W. HosFord. Capt. Co. (i. Ernst A. Klingenberg, 1st Lt. Co. G. Eli Waring, 2d Lt. Co. G. Albert U. McCormick. Capt. Co. H. Samuel T. Craig, 1st Lt. Co. H. (Ieorge M. Mark. 2d Lt. Co. H. Amos Dilley, Capt. Co. I. Joseph H. Springer. 1st Lt. Co. I. Samuel M. Lindsey. 2d Lt. Co. I. James M. Russell, Capt. Co. K. Walter W. Carpenter, 1st Lt. Co. K. Charles DuBois. 2d Lt. Co. K. David C. Mclntyre, Capt. Co. L. James M. Simeral. 1st Lt. Co. L. John M. Enochs. 2d Lt. Co. L. Solomon Townsend, Capt. Co, INI. Ceorge McDowell, 1st Lt. Co. M. Edward Ware, 2d Lieut. Co. M. ADDITIONAL ENLISTMENTS. COMPANY B. John Stephens, 408 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. COMPANY' D. Alvin T. Grier. COMPANY E. COMPANY H. G. W. Teal, Clement Benson, J. H. Rhodes. J. K. FoUett. Thomas C. Gray, COMPANY I. Martin E Anderson. Wm. H. H. Gitt'ord. Isaac G. Daniels, COMPANY L. Georg-e Anson. COMPANY M. Ambrose Braden. John H. Kice, Hoffman Brown. William Hanag-in. David E. White. Joseph M. Maxwell. Joseph Worth. 1866. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT DURING THE WAR. Milton B. Cochran, Surgeon. Charles H. Lothrop, Surgeon. David B. Alleu, Asst. Surgeon. C'harles H. Lothrop, Asst. Surgeon John A. Ladd. Asst. Surgeon. John J. Sanders, Asst. Surgeon. James Hervey, Asst. Surgeon. Asa Morgan, Asst. Surgeon. Charles H. Lothrop, Ad. Asst. Sur. -loseph C. Stone, Hospital Steward. James Hervey. Hospital Steward. Edwin M. Winters, Hos. Steward. John J. Sanders, Hos. Steward. Robert T. Newell. Hos. Steward. George Delf elder. Hos. Steward. Barron S. Edwards, Hos. Steward. James Hervey, Bat. Hos. Steward. Edwin M. Winters, Bat. Hos. Sfd. Thomas H. Elder, Bat. Hos. St'd. FIELD AND STAFF DURING THE WAR. Fitz Henry Warren. Colonel. James O. Gower. Colonel. Daniel Anderson. Colonel. William Thompson, Colonel. Charles E. Moss, Lieut. Colonel. P. Gad Bryan. Lieut. Colonel. Daniel Anderson. Lieut. Colonel. Jos. W. Caldwell, Lieut. Colonel. Alex. G. McQueen, Lieut. Colonel. p]dwin W. Chamberlin. Majoi-. flames O. Gower, Major. Wm. M. G. Torrence. Major. P. (^ad Bryan, Major. Daniel Anderson. Major, ffoseph W. Caldwell. Major. Levi Chase, Major. William Thompson, Major. Alexander (i. McQueen, Major. James D. Jenks, Major. John McDermott, Major. David B. Allen, Asst. Surgeon. C'harles H. Lothrop, Asst. Surgeon. John A. Ladd, Asst. Surgeon. Abram B. Hershey, Asst. Surgeon. John J. Sanders, Asst. Surgeon. James Hervey, Asst. Surgeon. Asa Morgan, Asst. Sui'geon. Charles B. Bosbyshell, A. A. S. Charles H. Lothrop, A. A. S. Joseph C. Stone, Adjutant, David A. Kerr. Adjutant. John A. Donnell, Adjutant. Henry L. Morrill, Adfutant. Martin L. Morris, Quartermaster. Sam'l C. Dickerson. Quartermastr. Claus H. Albers, Quartermaster. Wm. W. Fluke. Quai'termaster. Henry L. Dashiel, Commissary. Robert T. Newell, Commissary. David A. Kerr, Bat. Adjutant. HISTORY OF FIKST IOWA CAVALRY. 4:09 Thomas A. Bereman, Major. William S. Whisenand, Major. Milton B. Cochran, Surgeon. John A. Landis, Bat. Q. M. Charles A. Case. Bat. Q. M. William H. Muzzy, Bat. Q. M. James M. Bi-yan. Bat. Adjutant. Henry B. Robinson, Bat. Adjutant. Joseph S. Edsall, Bat. Adjutant. James W. Latham. Chaplain. John M. Coggeshall, Chaplain. James S. Rand. Chaplain. LINE OFFICERS DURING THE WAR. Wm. M. G. Torrence, Capt. Co. A. Alex. McQueen. Capt. Co. A. Robert M. Reynolds, Capt. Co. A. Thomas J. O'Bleness, Capt. Co. A. Alex. G. McQueen. 1st Lt. Co. A. Robert M. Reynolds, 1st Lt. Co. A. John R. Marshall, lat Lt. Co. A. John R. Russell. 1st Lt. Co. A. George M. Walker. 1st J>t. Co. D. James G. Rutter, 1st Lt. Co. D. William R. Shriver, 2d Lt. Co. D. George M. Walker, 2d Lt. Co. D. William B. Ramsey, 2d Lt. Co. D. John C. Hammon, 2d Lt. Co. D. William Thompson. Capt. Co. E. Thomas A. Bereman. Capt. Co. E. Thomas J. O'Bleness, 1st Lt. Co. A. William A. Coulter. Capt. Co. E. Alexander P. Boyce, 1st Lt. Co. A. William P. McClure. 1st Lt. Co. E. Robert M. Reynolds, 2d Lt. Co. A. Silas R. Nugen. 1st Lt. Co. E. John A. Bishop. 2d Lt. Co. A. William A. Coulter. Ist Lt. Co. E. John R. Marshall. 2d Lt. Co. A. Christian ('. Kauff man. IstLt. C;o. E. Andrew S. Hamilton. 2d Lt. Co. A. Thomas A. Bereman. 2d Lt. Co. E. John L. Russell, 2d Lt. Co. A. Sumner B. Marshall. 2d Lt. Co. E. Thomas J. O'Bleness. 2d Lt. Co. A. William A. Coulter. 2d Lt. Co. E. Alexander P. Boyce, 2d Lt. Co. A. Christian C. Kauffman. 2d Lt. Co. E. James P. Turner, 2d Lt. Co. A. George E. Ives, 2d Lt. Co. E. Wm. E. Leffingvvell, Capt. Co. B. Robert Baxter. 2d Lt. Co. E. vSamuel S. Burdett. Capt. Co. B. Joseph T. Foster. Capt. Co. B. 'Samuel S. Burdett, 1st Lt. Co. B Joseph T. Foster. 1st Lt. Co. B. Henry P. Shifter, 1st Lt. Co. B. Wm. H. DeFreest, 2d Lt. Co. B. Henry P. Shifter. 2d Lt. Co. B. Hiram S. Heberling, 2d Lt. Co. Levi Chase, Capt. Co. C. Thomas Jones. Capt. Co. C. Thomas R. Pen-y. Capt. Co. C. Benjamin Raney. 1st Lt. C'o. C. Thomas Jones. 1st Lt. Co. C. Mathew Ronaldson, 1st Lt. Co. B. C. James O. Gower, Capt. Co. F. James R. Elliott. Capt. Co. F. Philip E. Shaver. Capt. Co. F. Charles Dustin. Capt. Co. F. James R. Elliott, 1st Lt. Co. F. Philip E. Shaver. 1st Lt. Co. F. Charles Dustin. 1st Lt. Co. F. Jacob Hursh. 1st Lt. Co. F. Charles W. W. Dowr. 1st Lt. Co. Philip E. Shaver. 2d Lt. Co. F. Charles Dustin. 2d Lt. Co. F. Jacob Hursh. 2d J^t. Co. F. Charles W. W^ Dow. 2d Lt. ( o. James P. Huskins. 2d Lt. Co. F F. Thomas J. R. Perry, 1st Lt. Co. C. James D. Thompson. Capt. Co. G. Clinton M. Turner. 1st Lt. Co. C. Albert F. Dean. 2d Lt. Co. C. Thomas Jones. 2d Lt. Co. C. Mathew Ronaldson. 2d Lt. Co. C. William A. Clark. 2d Lt. Co. C. Clinton M. Turner. 2d Lt. Co. C. (ieorge Van Beek. 2d Lt. Co. C. I'. Gad Bryan. Capt. Co. D. James D. Jenks. Capt. Co. D. (ieorge M. Walker, ('apt. Co. I). James D. Jenks. 1st Lt. Co. D. William R. Shriver, 2d Lt. Co. D. 52 John McDermott. Capt. Co. (J. Albert W. Hosford. Capt. Co. (i. John McDermott. 1st Lt. Co. G. Elkanah S. Foster, 1st Lt. Co. G. Ernst A. Klingenberg. 1st Lt. Co. (i. Elkanah S. Foster. 2d Lt. Co. (4. Solomon Smith. 2d Lt. Co. (i. Albert W. Hosford. 2d Lt. Co. (i. Eli Waring. 2d Lt. Co. (i. Daniel Anderson. Ca])t. Co. H. Riley Westcoatt. Capt. Co. H. Wm. S. Whisenand. Capt. Co. H. 41 (J HISTORY OF B^IRST IOWA CAVALRY. A. U. McCormick, Capt. Co. H. Albert L. Freeman, 2d Lt. Co. K. Riley Westcoatt. 1st Lt. Co. H. Hiram H. Sowles. 2d Lt. Co. K. Wm. S. Whisenand, 1st Lt. Co. H. Charles F. Keeler, 2d Lt. Co. K. A. U. McCormick. 1st Lt. Co. H. James M. Russell, 2d Lt. Co. K. Samuel T. Craig, 1st Lt. Co. H. Charles DuBois, 2d Lt. Co. K. Wm. S. Whisenand, 2d Lt. Co. H. Herman H. Heath, Capt. Co. L. A. U. McCormick, 2d Lt. Co. H. David C. Mclntyre, Capt. Co. L. Samuel T. Craig, 2d Lt. Co. H. David C. Mclntyre, 1st Lt. Co. L. George M. Mark, 2d Lt. Co. H. James M. Simeral, 1st Lt. Co. L. Joseph W. Caldwell. Capt. Co. L James M. Simeral, 2d Lt. Co. L. David C. Dinsmore, Capt. Co. I. W. Y. Reeves, 2d Lt. Co. L. Amos Dilley, Capt. Co. 1. John M. Enochs, 2d Lt. Co. L. David C. Dinsmore. 1st Lt. Co. J. Wm. H. Ankeny, Capt. Co. M. Amos Dilley. 1st Lt. Co. L James P. Crosby, Capt. Co. M. Joseph H. Springer. 1st Lt. Co. I. Solomon Townsend, Capt. Co. M. Wm. H. Kitterman, 2d Lt. Co. I. James Crissey, 1st Lt. Co. M. Samuel M. Lindsey, 2d Lt. Co. L Edwin A. Dunham, 1st Lt. Co. M. Robert L. Freeman, Capt. Co. K. George McDowell. 1st Lt. Co. M. Thomas H. Barnes, Capt. Co. K. James P. Crosby. 2d Lt. Co. M. James M. Russell, Capt. Co. K. Edwin A. Dunham. 2d Lt. Co. M. Thomas H. Barnes. 1st Lt. Co. K. Solomon Townsend. 2d Lt. Co. M. CJharles F. Keeler, 1st Lt. Co. K. (ieorge McDowell. 2d Lt. Co. M. W. W. Carpenter. 1st Lt. Co. K. Edward M. Ware. 2d Lt. Co. M. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES KilU'd. Wnnnded. Died of Wounds. Died of Disease. Discharged for Disability and for Promotion. During the War. NON COMMISSIONED STAFF. John B. Aiken. Sergeant Major, discharged Feb. 26, 'iyo. for disability. ('. H. Thompson. Q. M. S.. dis. Aug. 30, '63, for promotion, Capt. C. S. J. T. Foster. Bat. S. M.. wounded. July 16, '62, at Big Creek Clift's, Mo. H. L. Dashiel, B. Q. S.. wounded, July 16, '62, Big Creek Cliffs, severely. Dexter A. Buck. dis. Sept. 25, '62, for disability. Joseph Stone. Chief Bugler, died May 17. '62. Butler, Mo., of wounds. John J. Sanders, Hospital Steward, captured, July 29. '63. Lucius B. Man waring. Commissary, promoted Oct.. 1H65. from Co. L. COMPANY A. Thos. Reynolds. Coin. Ser.. dis. Jan. 21, '65. St. Louis, disability. Thos. C. Van Hook. Ser.. died Sept. 28. '62, shot by guerrillas Sept. 20. Walter S. Gray, Ser., transferred, Aug. 15, '63, to invalid corps. Clayton F. Driskill, Cor., died April 11. '64, wounds at Prairie d" Anne, .las. Robertson. Cor., drowned Jan. 22. '63. Forsyth, Mo.. White river. Anthony Vanaerman, Cor., wounded Aug. 27, '63, Bayou Metoe, sev. .Joseph S. Van Sa,nt, Cor., transferred for prom, in 1st Ark. Infantry. .John Wright 2d. Cor., wounded April 20, '64. Moro, Ark., left leg, sev. Wm. K. Reeves. Far., died Dec. 26. '63, Montrose, Iowa, of dysentery. Aaron H. Thatcher. Far., dis. Feb. 24. '63. Springfield. Mo., disability. Wm. C. Andrews, private, dis. Dec. 19. '62. Keokuk, disability. Harvey Adair, died Mar. 30. '64. Little Rock. Ark., pneumonia. Albin Blood, dis. Sept. 1, '65. Davenport, disability. Bartlett Brown, died Aug. 23, '64, Little Rock, remittent fever. Brainard Bridges, dis. Aug. 4, '63. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 411 R. T. Baker, died Aug:. -^1. 'f><^. Brownsville. Ark., congestive chills. (i. W. Collins, died July 11. '62, Big Creek Cliffs, shot by guerrillas. A. C. (or C. A.) Carter, dis. April 14. '63, Lake Springs. Mo., disability. Wm. H. Carter, wounded Oct. 28, '62. near Cross Hollows. Ark. John W. Cross, died Jan. 19, '63. Springfield, Mo., phthisis pulmonalis. (reo. F. Davidson, died Sept. 30. '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Lewis H. Foster, died Nov. 29, 1861. Syracuse, Mo., convulsions. Williamson H. Fortune, wounded Dec. 7, '62, Prairie Grove, slightly. Thomas C. Fletcher, wounded Jan. 8. '62. Silver Creek, Mo. (leo. W. Green, wounded Aug. 20, '62. severely, accidental dis. of gun. (ieo. W. Green, dis. May 27, '63, Keokuk. Owen P. Gower, killed Sept. 27, '64, Centralia. Mo., Anderson's guei-. Ambrose Galligher. dis. May 26, '63, St. Louis, prom. 11th Mo. Cav. Herman Huiska-mp. trans. May 20, '63. to 2d Lieutenantcy in 6th. Nelson Holding, died May 28, '65, Memphis, Tenn., chronic dysentery. Elwood Hollingsworth, dis. Feb. 12. "63. Forsyth, Mo., disability. Frederick Herwick, dis. dishonorably by sentence of court martial. John Herwick. trans.. Little Rock. prom, in 4th Ark. Inf. A. I). Gilbert W. (rcnree. trans. Aug. 21, '63, to invalid corps. Frank H. Jones, dis. June 21. '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. (reo. H. Klingenberry, died Sept. 8, "64, near Helena, chronic diarrhoea. Hiram Leland, killed Aug. 27, '63, Bayou Metoe. in battle. Fernery Mathews, died Sept. 13, '64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Jas. F. McKinley, died Sept. 9, '63, Brownsville, Ark., chronic diarrhoea. C. E. Moss, Jr., dis. Sept. 4. '64, St. Louis, prom. 2d Lt. 41st Mo. Inf. Jas. McCutcheon, dis. Mar. 2, '65, Memphis. Tenn.. disability. John Mack, dis. Oct. 1,'61. St. Louis, prom. 111. Inf. ('has. L. Morrill, died Mar. 7, '65. Little Rock, inflammation stomach. Byj'on Pettit. died Sept. 17. '64, Memphis, chronic diarrhoea. Prosper A. Rose, deserted Feb. 14, '63, Forsyth, Mo. Levi Wm. Rosecrans. dis. Feb. 12, '62 Forsyth, Mo., disability. Anglos F. Sala, wounded Sept. 10, '63. l^ittle Rock, slightly in thigh. James Scott, wounded Jan. 8. "62. Silver Creek. Mo., severely in face. Jacob M. Shook, wounded accidentally in foot. Zach. E. Thomas, dis. Mar. 24. '63. Springfield. Mo., pro. 11th Mo. Cav. Pleasant A. Timberlake, died Jan. 7, '64, Keokuk, chronic diarrha-^a. Prentice K. Tuttle. trans. Aug. 21, '63, to invalid corps. (i. W. Warson. died July 10. '62, Gates Farm, Mo., w'ds rec'd July 9. Ad. Walker, dis. Feb. 12. '62. Forsyth, Mo., disability. Oren Wilkins. dis. June 30, '64. Little Rock, disability. Harrison T. Wilson, wounded, near Clinton, Mo., by guerrillas, in neck. A. J. Wilson, wounded Aug. 27, "63. Bayou Metoe, slightly in forearm. A. J. Wilson, wounded Feb. 19, '64. near Little Rock, slightly in face. A. J, Wilson, trans. June 30. '65. to V. R. C. ; dis. July 26. '63. COJIPANY B. Stephen B. Dunne. Ser.. dis. June 30. '62. Butler. Mo., disability. (ieo. W. Kincaid, Ser.. dis. May 5, "62. Osceola. Mo., di-sability. Levi (j. Allen. Cor., deserted July 19. "62. Osceola. Mo., joined rcl)els. (ieo. A. Gibson. Cor., dis. Sept. 27, '62, St. Louis, disability. Lemuel Durling, Cor., deserted June 24. '62, Osceola. Mo. Charles C. Hall. Cor., deserted June. 24. '62, Osceola. Mo. Thomas MuUins. Far., killed May 30. '63, Rolla. Mo., by a sentinel. Wm. G. Graham. Sad., died Nov. 16. '63. Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. 412 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Geoi'ge D. Allen, dis., St. Louis. Geo. F. Bantz. died Nov. 21. '63, near Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Dexter A Buck. dis. Sept. 15. '62, disability. David S. Bullock, captured Feb. 24, '63, Sugar Loaf Prairie, Ark. Japheth Bell, died July 20, '64, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Robert W. Bodell. discharged to accept promotion. Seth Crowell. died Oct. 5, '64, Little Rock. Silas D. Crawford, died, St. Louis. Mo. John Carr, deserted April 2, '62, Clinton, Mo. James C. Carr. deserted April 2. '62, Clinton, Mo. ; returned to duty. James C. Carr. deserted Oct. 4, '62, Springfield, Mo. John Downing, discharged June 5, '62, disability. James M. Debinney, deserted July 18, '62, Osceola, Mo. Geo. W. Dilley, killed Sept. 27, '64. Centralia, Mo., murdered by guer. William H. Evans, discharged July 8, '62, disability. Geo. H. Fleming, killed Nov. 12, '62, Lexington, Mo., in skirmish, guer. Samuel B. Gates, killed Aug. 24. '63. Brownsville, Ark., shot by sen. Henry J. Guth, transferred Sept. 25, '64, to U. S. Lancers. Wm. F. Haim, died June 3-11, '64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Wm. J. Haney. discharged Feb. 15, '63, disability. Wm. H. Hughson. capt. April 25. '64, Moro Creek, Ark. ; pris. a year. Henry J. Heiman. dis. June 4. '63, Springfield. Mo., disability. Hiram Huchenberg, died Nov. 17, '64, Little Rock. James C. Kier, dis. June, '62, Osceola, Mo., disability. John M. D. Kelly, died Aug. 2. '61, Burlington, apoplexy. John Kelly, drowned Mar. 2. '63, near Forsyth, Mo., in White river. Duncan P. McDonald, missing, April 2, '64, Antonia. Ark., in action. David D. Mills, deserted April 2, '64, Clinton, Mo. Smedley H. McMaster. dis. May 4. '63, Springfield, Mo. Samuel McMurray, died Dec. 10-17, '64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Chas. G. P. Myers, deserted June, '64, Little Rock. Wm. H. Podmore. died Oct. 23, '65, Hempstead, Texas. Charles L. Prior, killed May 2. "64, Little Rock, shot by guard. Frank H. Robinson, dis. July 10, '63. St. Louis. Joseph H. Robertson, dis. May 14, '63, Springfield, Mo., disability. Henry Samuels, died Aug. 1, "64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Ezra J. Smith, dis. Feb. 14, "65, Louisville. Ky., pro. 12th Mo. Inf. Don Tremaine. died June 19. '64, Little Rock. Wm. Wilber. woimded Mar. 12, '62. near Lexington, Mo., in skirmish. Samuel Whipple, deserted Oct. 4, '64, Springfield, Mo. Dwight H. Whedon. dis. Feb. 24, '63, Forsyth, Mo., disability. Warren Williams, wounded in hand by pistol shot. Oscar G. Williams, killed Sept. 27. '64. Centralia. Mo., mur. by guer. COMPANY ('. Wm. a. Harbach, Q. M. Ser.. died May 27. '6-2. Osceola. Mu.. wound. Mathew Ronaldson. Ser., wounded Mar. 25. '62, slightly in face. Frederick O. Lane. Ser., deserted July 7, '64, Davenport. Otis S. Whiting, Ser.. died Dec. 23, '63, West Point, chronic diarrhoea, (reo. W. Patterson. Cor., dis. Nov. 2, '63. Keokuk, disability. William P. Allen. Bugler, trans, to 67th U. S. C. Inf.. pro. to Lieut. E. W. Deal. Sad., drowned in Miss, river bet. Burlington and St. Louis. O. W. Coffman. died Dec. 26, '63. Lucas county, chronic diarrhoea. Franklin Arrickson. priv., dis. Dec. 2. '62. Woody Springs. Mo., disab. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 413 Wilbert S. Andrews, died Mar. 2o, '63, Gladden Valley, Mo. Lorin T. Bush. dis. June 2, '65, wound disabling left arna. Benj. F. Barr, died Sept. 30, '63. Memphis, Tenn., chronic diarrhcBa. Wm. W. Barr, died Sept. 14, '63, St. Louis, in insane asylum. John S. B. Cogo-eshall, dis. Mar. 10, '64, Little Rock. Josiah Cameron, died May '28, '62, Osceola, wounds rec'd May 27. Simon W. Cooley. died April, '64, West Point, chronic diarrhoea. H. J. Clingenfield, des. June 23. '63; joined from desertion Dec. 25. '63. H. J. Olingenfield, deserted July 16, '64, Benton Bari-acks. Benj. F. Cooley, died April 21, '64, Memphis, intermittent fever. T. J. Dean, trans. Sept. 12, '61, pro. in Mo. Eng. Regt. of the West. Franklin Drury, died Oct. 15, '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Porter W. Henry, dis. Nov. 1. '62, Cross Hollows, disability, Michael Higgins, died May 28, '62, Osceola, wounds rec'd May 27. John J. Hillery, died April 26, '64, Camden, Ark., wounds Apinl 14. Kolla Kimball, deserted June 17. '64, Bm-lington. Chas. E. Madera, killed Sept. 27, '64, Centralia, murdered by guerrillas. Wm. Morgan, dis. July 29, '62, Sedalia. Mo. Charles N. Mai'tin, killed Aug. 27, '63, Bayou Metoc, Ark., in battle. John Russell, killed Sept. 27, '62, Centralia, murdered by guerrillas. A. H. Stutsman, wounded Mar. 25, 62, St. Clair Co., Mo., in face, arm. \. H. Stutsman' wounded Aug. 27, '63, Bayou Metoe, left arm amp. A. H. Stutsman, dis, Jan. 13, "64, Keokuk, for wounds. Joseph O. Scranton. trans. Oct. 20, '61, to Berger's Sharp-Shooters. Rufus Underwood, dis. Mar. 24, '63, Springfield, Mo., disability. John Upton, died Mar. 16, '64, Little Rock, concussion, Elijah G. Wilcox, dis. Jan. 1, '62, Jefferson City, Mo, Jacob R. Wolf, died Dec. 22, '61, Jefferson City, pneumonia. Pliny Wilcox, died July 19. '63, Bloomfield, Mo., fracture of skull. A. W. Wyman. dis. Jan. 26. '64, pro. 2d Lieut. Co. L. 2d Ark. Cav. COMPANY D. Butler Bird. (I M. Ser., dis. Feb. 14, '63. Forsyth, Mo., disability. Henry Sharer, Ser.. dis. Sept. 21. '63, St. Louis, Mo., disability. Clarence Stanley Wilson. Ser., dis. Feb. 14, '63, Forsyth, Mo., disability. Abraham J. Reeves, Ser.. killed April 4, '64, Elkin's Ford, Ark. Joseph T. Garrison, Ser.. dis. Mar. 3, '63, Springfield Mo., disability. W. H. Newman, Cor., dis. Mar. 12, '63, Springfield, pro. 1st Ark. Inf. John H. McMahon, Cor., dis. May 16, '62, disability. David W. Griffith, Cor., dis. Feb. 2, "62, Ottterville, Mo., disability. William A, Dickson, (^or., died April 16, '62, Sedalia. Mo., liver com. David D. Burnett. Bugler, wounded Mar. 11, '62, Lafayette Co.. Mo. Milton C. Carter, Sad., dis. Feb. 14, '63, Forsyth, Mo., disability. Aaron Biggs. Sad., dis. May 20, '63, Lake Spring, Mo., disability. Henry B. Andyke. priv.. Nov. 8. '61, Tipton, Mo., disability. James Harvey Bird, killed May 15, '62, Butler, Mo., by guerrillas. James W. Black, dis. Oct. 28. '61, St. Louis, disability. Elihu (i. Barker, dis. to accept pro. in 113th U. S. Inf., A. D. David H. Brown, dis. Jan. 18, '63, St. Louis, disability, (xeorge H. Colville, died Nov. 4. '62, Sedalia, Mo., fever. William H. Cros.swait. died July 28. '64, Lewis, Mo., consumption. Thomas M. Cleland. dis. Oct. 1, '61, Burlington, disability. Everts S. Ewing. dis. Jan. 11. '65, appointed Capt. and C. S. Vols. Andrew J. Foust. killed May 15. '62. near Butler, Mo,, by guerrillas. 414 HISTOKY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Samuel A. Flanders, wounded March 11, '62. Lafayette Co., Mo. William A. Flannigan. died Jan. 31, '65, Little Rock. Ark., pneumonia. Isaac E. Groom, captured Feb. 23, '63. Alvin F. Grier. died Aug. 7, '65, Alexandria, La. Peter Hill, wounded Mar. 11. '62, Lafayette Co., Mo. Joseph C. Hewitt, died Feb. 21, '65, Memphis, Tenn. Geo. W. Holling-sworth, died April 9, "63, Lake Springs, Mo., pneu. Tyra R. Hutchins. dis. Aug. 17, '63, disability. Francis M. Judkins, dis, Aug. 30, '62, Lexington, Mo,, disability. William W. Kerr, died Dec. 17. '62, Ft. Scott, Ark,, chronic diarrhoea. DeWitt C. KellJ^ dis. June 8. '64, to accept pro. Hos. Stew. Reg. Army. Jacob VV. Kirk, transferred, April 2-1, '65. to First Battalion, V, Co. E. Bayliss E. Lake, captured Feb. 23, '63. Martin Likes, died Dec. 9, '64, Little Rock, Ark., disease. Charles C. Martin, died Dec. 5, '61, Syracuse, Mo., typhus fever. William McGee, dis. Mar. 27, '62, Lexington, Mo., disability. Myron Maine, dis. Aug. 25, '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. Thomas McClean, deserted Aug. 26, '62, Clinton, Mo. Valentine Martin, died Mar. 29. '63, Lexington, Mo., chronic diarrhoea. William H. Magill, died June 29. '64, Macon City, chronic diarrhoea. Thomas H. Magill, killed Sept. 10, '63, Little Rock, Ark., in battle. Elias Mark, died Mar. 14. '64. Duvall's Bluff, measles. Edw. H. Messinger, died Apr. 6. '64, Elkin's Ford, wounds rec. Apr. 4. (George Read, died Nov. 21. '63, Little Rock, Ark., chronic diarrhoea. Ferry Roberts, died Aug, 10, '64, Van Buren, Ark. Andrew J. Rubles, died Jan. 16, "62. Otterville, Mo., disease. Edward Shufeldt, deserted Sept. 20, '62, Clinton, Mo. Jes.se Slough, captured Feb, 23, '63. Samuel E. Shannon, wounded April 14, '62, Montevallo. (i. W. Sharer, capt. Sept. 23, '63 ; died Oct. 28, St. Louis, pneumonia. Mathias R. Sharer, captured Feb. 23, '63. James H. Stewart, died Aug. 10. '64. Little Rock, Ark. Newton Saunders, died Aug. 10, "64. Little Rock, Ark. Harvey Thomas, died Sept. 30, '63, Memphis, Tenn. Thomas Williams, died Nov. 10, '61, St. Louis, tyiDhoid fever. Mathew W. Wilkins, discharged May 28. '62, Butler, Mo., disability. William F. Whitmarsh, died Jan. 5, '65, Little Rock, typhoid fever. James A. Weaks. Nov. 13, '64, Little Rock, Ark. COMPANY E. S. B. Marshall, Q. M. S., w'ded Aug. 31. '62, Cedar Creek, Mo., in leg. Jos. H. Blazer, Ser., dis. Dec. 31, '62, Prairie Grove. Ark., disability. Turner B. Wing. Ser., died Oct. 31, '62, Iowa, chronic diarrhoea. (4. W. VanOrsdell. Ser.. w'ded Mar. 29, '64. Arkadelphia, Ark., left eye. H. T. Pownall. Cor., died Oct. 9, '63, Little Rock, Ark., chronic diarr. J. W. Hardin. Cor., capt. April 1, '64, Arkadelphia: w'ded Mar. 29, '64. floseph H. Arnold. Cor., killed Sept. 27. '64. Centralia, Mo., by guer. Francis M. Buck, died Jan. 9. '65. Little Rock. Ark., consumption. N. L. Ives. Cor., dis. Dec. 31, '62, Prairie Grove, Ark., disability. R. Baxter, Bugler, wounded May 15. '62. Little Miami. Mo., face. etc. Emery Bennett, priv., dis. Mar. 8, '62, Benton Barracks, Mo., disability. Clementine M. Bird, wounded Mar, 18, '62. Lusburg. Mo., arm. etc. H. H. Cratty, died Oct. 17, '63, Little Rock, Ark., chronic diarrhoea. Carlisle Canterbury, wounded Aug. 27. '63 Bayou Metoe, Ark., leg. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 415 Amasa Daily, died May 10, '64, St. Louis, chronic dysentery. William A. Davis, dis. Jan. 3, '63, Fayetteville. Ark., disability. Mortimer B. Darrell, transf'd Nov. 1, '61, to pro. 18th U. S. Inf. William F. Earhart, died Jan. 7, '65, Little Rock, Ark., typhoid fever. Samuel W. Grimes, died May 25, '64, Danville, chronic diarrhoea. Isaac N. Hall, wounded Aug-. 27, '63, Bayou Metoe. right arm. R. M. Heathering-ton, died Nov. 10. '61, Benton Barracks, fever. Jacob Hulbert, dis. June 11, '62, Butler, Mo,, disability. Wm. H. Johnson, died Dec. 2, '6), Mt. Pleasant, consumption. M. M. Meredith, killed May 15, '62, Bates Co., shot in head and breast. Jas. Montgomery, died Jan. 8, '65, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Aug. G. McCormick, dis. Oct. 25, '64, Benton Barracks, disability. W. H. H. Ogan, w'ded Aug, 2, '62, in arm; dis, Oct, 27, '62, wounds. Jos. M. Potter, died Feb. 25. '62, Benton Barracks, fever. Jacob S. Probasco, dis. Oct. 25, '61, disability. Hiram Pickard, trans. April 27, '65, to V. C. R. Abraham A. Shippen. died Aug, 24, '62, Clinton, Mo,, fever. John Smith, died April 6, '64, Little Mo. River, Ark., wounded Ap. 4. John C. Tiffany, died Aug. 24, '62, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Oliver H. White, dis. Dec. 31, '62. Prairie Grove, disability. Wm. N. White, died Mar. 2, "63. Springfield, Mo., pneumonia. John C. Wilson, died Aug, 6. "62, Butler, Mo., fever. James S. Wilson, died Nov. 1 . '61, Benton Barracks, measles, diarr. Ransom Walker, wounded Aug. 27, '63, Bayou Metoe, slightly. (Jyrenus Wai-ren, killed Dec. 6, '62, Cassville, Mo., accidentally. Jonathan Wilford, wounded Aug. 27,' 63, Bayou Metoe, in head. Harvey Wing, died Oct. 26. "63, Brownsville, wounds rec'd Aug. 27, '62. COMPANY F. A. J. Beeson, Com. Ser.. dis. May 1, '63, Lake Springs, Ark., disability. Wm. Hunter. S., died May 25. "63, Cape Girardeau, wounds rec'd May 15. Nelson H. Brawner, Ser., dis. Feb. 10, "62, near Sedalia, Mo., disability. Thos. D. Morgan, Cor,, died Jan. 13, '63, Springfield, Mo., pneumonia.. Jas. W. Crawford, Cor., dis. Sept. 29, '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. R. L. Hoxie. Cor., dis. June 15, '64, Davenport, cadetship West Point. Justin G. Patton, Cor., dis. May 3, '63. disability, A. Bunker. Cor., w'ded Jan. 8, '62; died Mar. 31, '64, chronic diarrhipa. Uberto E. Johnson, Cor., killed Mar. 29, '62, Warrensburg, Mo. Thomas Clark. Far., dis. Sept. 10, '62, St. Louis, disability. Thos. J. Reed, Teamster, died July 18, '64, Little Rock, chronic diari'. Robert Allen, priv.. died Feb. 6, '62, Boonville, Mo., measles. Wm. J. Bowen. dis. Mar. 6, '62, near Sedalia, disability. Stephen Baker, wounded April 4, '64, Hollow Bottom. Ark., shouldei'. Jesse Bunker, dis. May 3. '62, near Sedalia, Mo., disability. James Boston, dis. Aug. 17, '63, Ironton, Mo. Hiram G. Balcom, died June 19, '64, Little Rock, Ark., measles. Wm. H. H. Cunningham, dis. Mai'. 24. '63. Springfield, disability. James S. Catlin. died Nov. 12, '63, Little Rock, Ai-k., chronic diarr. J. Convey, w'ded Jan. 8. "62, Silver Creek, Mo., mortally: died Jan. 9. James B. Doran. transf'd Aug. 15, "63. to V. C. R. Frederick A. Druff, dis. Aug. 14, '63, Sedalia. Mo., disability. Alexander Doran. dis. Aug. 19, '62, St. Louis, disability. Ellery N. Foster, wounded Aug. 2, '65. leg broken by kick of a horse. John C. Gerrard. killed Mar. 29. "62. Warrensburg, Mo., in battle. 416 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. William George, dis. Jan. 5, '64, Cape Girardeau, disability. Enoch A. Goodwin, dis. Jan. 5, '64, Cape Girardeau, gun shot. Elisha Gray, deserted Feb. 8, '65, Pine Bluffs, Ark. Oliver P. Hull, dis. Aug. 1. '62. Sedalia, Mo., disability. (leorge Hart, dis. June 30. '62. Osceola, Mo., disability. John C. Hunter, dis. June 9, '62, Osceola. Mo., disability. Cyrus A. Housell. died July 31, '64. Little Rock, Ark. Jas. W. Horn, died Dec. 29, '64. Little Rock, Ark., intermittent fever. Francis Howe, died Oct. 3. '64, Duvall's Bluff, Ark. Moses F. Johnson, died Aug. 3, '63. Clarendon, Ark., congestive chill. Irving C. Jones, dis. Mai*. 6, '63, Mt. Grove, disability. John Kay, killed May 29. '62, Osceola, Mo., accidentally shot. Joseph W. Latta, dis. April 22. '62, near Sedalia, Mo., disability. Allen J. Montgomery, dis. Dec. 4. '61, St. Louis, disability. John J. Miller, deserted Feb. 8, '65, Pine Bluff's. Ark. William McAllister, died Little Rock, Ark. Benjamin F. Parsons, died Jan. 5, '62, Syracuse. Mo., inliam. of lungs. William F. Powers, died, Fayetteville, Ark. Samuel Sewall, deserted Aug. 11, '61, Burlington. Maletius J. Simms, dis. Mar. 24, '63, Springfield, disability. Oregon A. Stillings, dis. Mar. 1, '62, near Sedalia, Mo,, disability. Emery F. Stratton, dis. June 20, 62, Clinton, Mo., disability. Stephen M. Sexton, wounded Jan. 8, '62, Silver Creek, Mo., in hand. W. H. Smith, died Dec. 1, '63, Memphis, pneumonia, (rep. dis. Nov. 26.) Hiram M. Thurston, died at Little Rock. Sam'l Van Norman, died Jan. 5, '62, Otterville, Mo. infiam. of lungs. Thos. M. Williamson, died Sept. 2. '63. Brownsville, congestive chills. Ira Williams, dis. Mar, 16, '63, Lake Springs, Mo., disability, (w'ded. ) COMPANY G. Horace Barron, 1st Ser.. dis. June 18, '62. Clinton, Mo., disability. Geo. W. Camp, Cor., dis. April 2, '62. Sedalia, Mo., disability. Victoi- Gilbei't, Cor., died, April 5, '64. Little Mo., Ark., of wounds. Joshua B. Myers, Cor., dis. Jan. 22, '63, Forsyth, Mo., disability. Michael O. Sullivan. Far., dis. Dec. 1, '61, Syracuse, Mo., disability. J^urdy M. Byi'ely, Wag., wounded April 4, '64. Thomas Mulfoi-d, priv., died Oct. 18, '63, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Charles A. Adams, dis. April 2, '62. Sedalia, Mo., disability, James W. Beecroft. killed July 11, 62, Big Creek Bluff's, Mo., by guer. James C. Boston, dis, Feb. 14, '62, Forsyth, Mo., disability. Daniel R. Cobb, died Aug. 15, '64, St. Joseph. Mo., chronic diarrhoea. Wilson Clark, dis. July 15, '62. Clinton. Mo., disabilty. John F. Clark, dis, June 18, '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. Marshall D. Carpenter, died Dec. 29, 64, Fayette county. Suell Dodge, killed July 11, "62, Big Creek Cliff's, Mo., in action, guer. Samuel D. Drake, dis. July 15. '62, Clinton. Mo., disability. Francis A. Dory. dis. Nov. 10, '62, St, Louis, Horace A. Fray, Jr, , died July 19. '64, Little Rock. Henry P. Gregory, dis. Nov., "64, to accept promotion in 4th Ark, Cav. Alonzo L. Hurd, dis. Jan. 1, "62, Boonville, Mo., disability. Howard Hall, died Dec. 8, '62. Fayetteville, Ark., plevu-isy. Benj, Heustis, died Aug. 8. '64. Little Rock, chronic diahrroea. James J. Hart, died Avig, 8, '64, St. Joseph, Mo., chronic diarrhoea. Wm. D. Johnston, captured April 18, '64, near C'amden, Ark. HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 417 Daniel R. Hopper, died Mar. 17, '63, Spring- Valley, Mo., lung- fever. Aug. J. Kintz, died May 31, '63, Lake Springs, Mo., committed suicide. Alex. Larkey. died Feb. 19. '62, Sedalia. Mo., typhoid fever and measles. Theodore Lebarre. dis. Jan. 26, '63, Forsyth. Mo., congestive chills. Jack Monroe, deserted Nov. 16, 61; killed Dec. 15, '61, robbing a store. Earl H. McMillen. dis. Dec. 3, '63, Little Rock, disability. Robert G. Needles, deserted Nov. 16, '61. Michael O'SuUivan. dis. Oct. l-l, '62, Cassville, Mo., disability. Charles H. Porter, died Oct. 16, '63. Little Rock, general debility. George W. Phillips, murdered Dec. 24, '65, Austin, Texas. Charles Penn, died Sept. 14, '64, Little Rock, chronic diarrhw^a. Charles R. Paris, dis. Jan. 29, '64, Little Rock, disability. Stephen G. Rice. dis. April 2, '62, Sedalia, Mo., disability. John Robinson, dis. April 11, '63, Lake Springs, Mo., disability. Otto Rothlander. dis. Dec. 1. '62, disability. George P. Ranslow. dis. Nov. 30, '64, Little Rock, disability. Samuel A. Rose, dis. Pilot Knob, disability. Virgil Race, died Aug. 27, '64. Manchester, Mo., chronic diarrhoea. Elon J. Skinner, dis. July 15. '62, Clinton, Mo., dislocation left thigh. David W. Scott, wounded July 9, '62. Charles M. Simmons, dis. Sept. 21. '61. Edwin J. Smith, dis. April 9, '63, Lake Springs, disability. James L. Stone, dis. June 3, '62, Sedalia, disability. John S. Stevenson, died Nov. 16, '61, St. Louis, typhoid fever. John W. Smith, died Oct. 28. '63, Little Rock, general debility. Henry C. Skinner, died Mar. 9, '68, Mountain Grove, Mo., cong. brain. (xeorge W. Si^ears. died July 27, '64, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Lacey N. Simmons, deserted June 21, '63, Arcadia, Mo. Frank Taltz. captured May 1, '64. James F. Van Emburgh. dis. May 20, '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. John Vest, died April 15. '64. Camden, wounds rec'd Api-il 4, Little Mo. COMPANY H. David K. Webster, Ist Ser., dis. April 7, '65. Memphis, disability. Edwin R. Rockwell. Q.M . S.. w'ded in lower jaw; dis. Nov. 1. '62. George Sturges. Com. Ser., died Oct. 20, '63, Little Rock, chr. diarr. Wm. H. Harris, Ser., died Nov. 5. '62, Keitsville. Mo., typhoid fever. David J. Leffler. Ser., dis. July 13, '64, Little Rock, disability. Daniel Easley. Jr., Ser., dis. Dec. 2, '62, Springfield, Mo. Josephus Hays. Ser., died Nov. 25,' 63, Moni'oe county . (reorge W. Hartman, Ser., deserted July 25, '62. Allen W. Knight. Ser., died Jan. 5, '65, Little Rock, bloody llux. John F. B. Searcey, Ser., dis. Feb. 23, '65, Memphis, disability. Aaron G. Chambers, Cor., dis. Feb. 6. '62, Jefferson City, disability. James H. McCoy, Cor., dis. June 26. '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. Samuel J. Hunt. Far., dis. April 15, '62, Wheeling, Va.. disability. Benj. F. Shuman. Far., died Nov. 30, '63, Little Rock, chronic diarr. Wm. O. Parmenter. Far., dis. Sept. 1. '62, Clinton. Mo., disability. John Dull, Far., died Oct. 13, '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhcpa. Harlow G. Bates. Sad., trans. April, 28, '65, to V. R. C. (2d Batt.) D. W. Anderson, priv.. died Nov. 2, '64, Jel?erson Barracks, ch. diarr. Washington Bernard, dis. June 13. '64, Little Rock, disability. David H. Bristow. died Sept. 26, '63. Memphis. Wm. W. Davis, killed Feb. 28. '63. Memphis, by guerrillas. 53 418 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Thomas F. Fauts, dis. Sept. 13, '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. Sam'l H. Fullerton. killed Feb. 28, '65, near Memphis, by guerrillas. Benj. F. Gates, deserted Sept. 16, '62, Clinton, Mo. Albert Gilbert, died Dec. 26, ''62, Prairie Grove, Ark., typhoid lever. Allen K. George, died Nov. 7, '63, Georgetown. Andi'ew J. Harrison, dis. Sept. 1, '61, Burlington, disability. Lafayette Harris, died Jan. 22, '62, Jeft'erson C-ity, typhoid fever. Charles H. Holmes, died Nov. 8, '65, Austin, Texas, chronic dirrhoea. Ludwig B. Hazard, died Oct. 25, '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Jos. L. Hall, w^'ded Feb. 9, '65; dis. June 20, '65, on account of wounds. Henry Hepshire, died Jan. 25, '65, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. James Hitchings, died Nov. 22, '64, Jefferson Barracks, chronic diarr. Henry E. Johnson, died Dec. 4, '62, Springfield, Mo., fever. Cornelius O. Leary, died Jvme 9, '63, RoUa. Mo., pneu. and erysipelas. Anderson Lister, died July 21. '64, Little Rock. Eurotus Lyman, killed, Feb. 28, '65, near Memphis, by guerrillas. Nelson M. Maydole, deserted Nov. 28, '64, Benton Barracks. Edwin H. Maydole, died Sept. 11. '63, Brownsville, chronic diarrhoea. Reuben G. Merrill, Sr., died Jan. 16, '65, Hazleton. David McMains, died Sept. 25, '6b, Hempstead, Texas, palsy. Henry Osborn, died Nov. 16, '64, Jefferson City, typhoid. Jacob B. Rhoads, dis. Feb. 2, '63, Springfield, disability. David W. Scott, died Jan. 6, '64, St. Louis, chronic diarrhoea. Martin W. Sullivan, dis. Aug. 29, '65, Jefferson Barracks, disability. [srael H. Shepherd, dis. Dec. 8, '62, Springfield, disability; died Dec. 9. COMPANY I. Benj. W. Searle, 1st Ser., dis. Mar. 13, '63, Springfield, disability. Moses Millar, Q. M. S., w'ded Jan. 19, '63, Waco, Texas, accidentally. Hiel A. Travers, Com. Ser., dis. May 4, '64, Little Rock, disability. Samuel Walker, Ser., dis. Sept. 12. '63, Rolla, Mo., disability. Wm. B. Brim, Ser., died Mar. 13, '63, Mountain Grove, disease. Hiram Holler, Ser., died Oct. 13, '63, Little Rock, chronic dysentery. Tyrus Horton, Ser., dis. Aug. 1, '64, Little Rock, disability. Hosea F. Lotspiech, Ser., trans. Aug. 20, '63, to invalid corps. Wm. M. Davis, Cor., dis. Nov. 1. '62, Cross Hollows, for disability. Ephraim P. Jobe. Cor., died Dec. 17, '63, Little Rock, chronic dys. Mathew Hawk, Cor., died Mar. 23, '62, Clinton, Mo., pneumonia. Theodore Creamer, Cor., died July 22, '64, Antwineville, Ai k., wounds. Edward F. Parrish, Far., dis. May 24, '62, Butler, Mo., disability. Ross B. Stevens, Far., dis. May 21, '62, disability. David C. Bottorflf, Wag., died Mar. 23, '64, Keokuk, disease. T. Y. Creamei'. priv., w'ded May 2, '63, in action; died July 22, 64. Milton S. Clark, w'ded May 2, '63, Chalk Bluff, right groin and left leg. Thomas Clark, dis. Mar. 24, '62, Butler, Mo., disability. Horace C. Crandall, dropped from rolls, supposed to be dead. Ephraim J. Davis, wounded Sept. 10, '63, Little Rock, in left arm. Henry T. Edwards, deserted Mar. 12, '62, Jefferson City, Mo. James I. Hampton, dis. Mar. 12, '62, Butler, Mo., disability. Jackson Hendrickson, wounded Sept. 10, '63, Little Rock, in knee. Benj. Hollingsworth, wounded, discharged in '63, disability. Joseph C. Hari'is, died July 7. '63. Burlington county. Mo., di'opsy. Andrew J. Johnson, wounded Jan. 8, '62, Silver Creek, Mo., in thigh. Charles H. Johnson, deserted Aug. 6, '62. Ft. Madison. I HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. 419 James W. Jacobs, trans. Aug. 20, '63. to invalid corps. James Kelly, deserted Sept. 5. '62, Clinton, Mo. John J. Leach, wounded Mar. 18, '62, near Clinton, Mo., in leg. sev. Edward Lake, w'ded Mar. 18, '62, near Clinton. Mo., slightly in side. John M. Macklin, killed April 2, '64, Andwineville. Ark., in action. Charles H. McFarling, died Sept. 29. '64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. James McGuire, deserted Jan. 6, '63, Fayetteville, Ark. William N. Monroe, dis. Mar. 1, '63. Finley Creek, Ark., disability. Samuel J. McCaulley, dis. Mar. 11, '63, Springfield, disability. Andrew J. McBroom. died Sept. 20. '64, Little Rock, Ark. John W. Madison, trans. May 11, '63, to 8th Mo. Cav. as Hos. Stew. Wilber N. Ping. dis. Mar. 14, '63, Mt. Grove, Mo., disability. Zephaniah Powell, died Sept. 21, '63. Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. James H. Phelps, dis. '64, Little Rock, Ark. Dexter Stephens, killed May 26, '62, Butler, Mo., shot by jayhawkers. William J. Snook, died July 14, '64, Little Rock, Ark., of disease. Lewis Smith, died June 2q. '64, Floris. Cornelius Thompson, w'ded Jan. 8, '62, Silver Creek. Mo., left shoul. Hiram M. Thurston, died July 27. '64. Little Rock, Ark. Willis VanWinkle, died June 1, '64, Little Rock, Ark. Henry T. Wilson, deserted Oct. 27, '62, Cross Hollows, Ark. Willicim W. Williams, dis, Nov. 17. "63. Little Rock, Ark., disability. COMPANY K. Oscar Moore. Com. Ser., died Nov. 18, '65, Austin, Tex., chronic diarr. J. A. I^yon. Ser.. w'ded April 14. '62 ; dis. June 10, '62, crip, for life. Frank Pease, Ser. dis. Jan. 10. '64, to accept pro. as 1st Lt. 3d Ark. Cav. Seth Martin. Cor., dis. Oct. 28, '61, disability. Wm. M. Kelly. Cor., died Sept. 4. '64, stmr. Burlington, int. fever. Wm. H. Tinkham. Cor., died Sept. 29, '63, Little Rock, Ark. int. fever. Solomon (lOodrich. Cor., trans. Sej^t. 1, '61, to Eng. Reg. of the West. Charles Carrier. Bugler, died Aug. 11, '62, Clinton. Mo., typhoid fever. Melvin E. Mann. Far., dis. Feb. 1, '62, disability. James Chambers, Far., capt. Dec. 7, '62, Prairie Grove, Ark. John Israel, Wag., dis. Sept. 16, '62, general disablity. Allison Adams, Team., died Nov. 18, '63, Little Rock. Ark., dy.sentery. John F. Arnold, priv.. dis. Mar. 17, '63, Springfield, disability. I.,oyal E. Ballou, captured Dec. 7, '62. William P. Bowers, dis. June 15, '64. pro. to Asst. Sur. 8th Mo. Cav. Andris Brant, trans. Sept. 1, '61, to Eng. Reg. of the West. Albert Burgis, killed Nov. 9, '65, Austin, Texas, accidentally. Joseph Benedict, dis. Dec. 1, "65, disability. Abner J. Case. dis. Oct. 30, '64, disability. Oscar Crumb, killed April 14, '62, Montevallo, Mo., in battle. Henry Clark, dis. Jan. 10. '62, disability. Ebenezer E. ('lark, trans. Feb. 1. '62. to gunboat service. Charles G. Carpenter, killed Sept. 27. '64, Centralia, Mo., by guer. George W. D. Eastman, died April 10, '64, Memphis. Tenn. George W. Ekle, died Sept. 28, '64, Little Rock, Ark., typhoid malaria Nathan G. Filley, dis. Mar. 20, '65. Little Rock, Ark., disability. John (xaydas. w'ded April 2, '64, Antoine, Ark.; dis. June 15. '64. Archibald Green, killed Aug. 7. "64. St. Joseph, Mo., personal affray Robert E. Granger, killed Aug. 27. '63. Bayou Metoe. William H. H. fliftord. died Jan. 5. '65. Little Rock, typhoid fever. 4:'-20 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA CAVALRY. Edward Hyde, captured Dec. 8, '63. John W. Holmes, died July 10, '64, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. David P. Jennings, dis. Mar. 17, '65, Davenport, disability. (ieorge M. Joslyn, died July 17, '64. Little Rock, typhoid fever. William M. Kelly, died 8ept. 4. '64, stmr. Burlington, int. fever. Archibald McArthur, dis. Sept. 15, '61, disablity. Oscar Powers, died Sept. 27, '63. Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. John S. Post, dis. Mar. 12. ''63, Springfield, physical disability. Jonathan R. Porter, dis. Mar. 28, '65, Keokuk, disability. Elias Reynolds, died Oct. 30, '65, Hempstead, Texas, int. fever. Samuel Stephenson, dis. Sept. 5, '61, disability. Hans E. Schoolrund. died Aug. 10. '65, New Orleans, typhoid fever. Thomas J. Tupper. w'ded April 14. '62, Montevallo ; dis. Feb. 24. 'eS. Orville B. Tiffany, died Nov. 14, '65, Austin, Texas, chronic diarr. James Weed, died Jan. 27, '63, Forsyth, Mo., typhoid fever. James Whitford. killed, April 14, '62, Montevalllo, Mo., in battle. Francis Watson, trans. Feb. 1. '63, to gunboat service. Joseph Warner, died Oct. 23. '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Alfred Wells, dis. Feb. 20, '63, disability. COMPANY L. H. B. Quick, 1st Ser. , dis. Mar. 4, '62, Benton Barracks, Mo., disability. Daniel W. Mason, Ser., dis. Dec. 16, '63, pro. to Adj. 3d Ark. Cav. Christian F. Beyer, Cor., trans. Aug. 15, '63, to invalid corps. Abram Waldron, Cor., died Feb. 3, '64, Little Rock, Ark. Frederick Hazelton, Cor., dis. Dec. 7, '67. St. Louis, disability. William C. Bell, Cor., dis. Feb. 7, '62, St. Louis, disability. Milton Lillie. Cor., dis. July 23: "64, Davenport, disability. Ernest Hall, Cor., dis. Aug\ 11. '62, Butler, Mo., on account of wounds. Wm. McGinley. Cor., capt. Sept. 20. '62; dis. Nov. 16. "62. St. Louis. (ieorge Harrington, Cor., dis. April 7, '65, Memphis, Tenn., disability. John B. P. Dodd, Cor., captured April 27, '64. Reuben Bunce, Far., dis. Nov. 15, '61, Benton Barracks, disability. (ieorge L. Richardson, Far., capt. April 20. "64. Camden, Ark. William Bowman, Far., dis. Nov. 15, '61, Benton Barracks, disability. Herman Bray. Far., dis. Feb. 7. '62, Benton Barracks, disability. Martin Lorenzo, Far., died Nov. 11, '62, James River. Mo. Albert C. Alford. priv., killed Aug. 2, '62, Clear Creek, Mo., in skir. Amos Andrews, w'ded and capt. Prairie d'Anne ; died Aug. 2, '64. Caleb C. Botwood. killed Aug. 2, '62, Clear Creek, Mo., in skirmish. William J. Barnard, dis. Dec. 7, '61. disability. Milton R. Brown, dis. Dec. 7, '61. Franklin Burnett, deserted July 20, '63, Bloomtield, Mo. James H. Bruce, deserted Dec. 18. '64, St. Louis. Mo. Alexander Barnes, trans. Aug. 23, '63, to invalid corps. James A. Cisco, died Nov. 1, '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Michael J. Driscoll, killed Aug. 2, '62, Clear Creek, Mo. , in skirmish. (ieorge H. Davis, died July 5, '64. Benton Barracks, congestive chills. Andrew Doosler, deserted June 18, '64, Davenport, while on furlough. James Fitzpatrick. dis. Mar. 11, '63. Mt. Grove. Mo., disability. Sylvester Hall, deserted June 20. '62. Lexington, Mo. (ieorge Harrington, dis. April 7. '65, Memphis. Tenn. Wm. H. Hendebourck, dis. June 30. '62, for alienage. ^ Daniel H. Hughes, dis. May 16, '65, Memphis, disability. HISTORY OF FreST IOWA CAVALRY. 421 Benj. H. Hall, captured April o. "64, while absent without leave. Martin V. Jourdan, dis. Mar. 14. '63. Spring-field, disability. Otto Anton Lauei-, dis. Mar. 4. '63, Mt. Grove, Mo. Stephen Lawyer, died Nov. 14, '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. George Lewis, dis. June 10. '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. Warren Y. Merchant, dis. July 31, '6"2, St. Louis, disability. Charles McMeyer, dis. Nov. 5, '61, St. Louis, disability. Edg-ar P. Mills, captured April 29. '64. Hardin W. Nolin, dis. Nov. 25, '61, Benton Barracks, disability. James Noble, died Dec. 26, ''63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Stephen H. Pierce, dis. Nov. 28, '63, disability. John L. Quick, dis. Feb. 7, '62, Benton Barracks, disability. (Jeorge S. Rogers, captured April 3, '64, while absent without leave. Alanson C. Robinson, deserted Jan. 4, '62, Benton Barracks, Adolph Sommers, died Feb. 16, '62, St. Louis. James Sprague, dis. Feb. 17, '63, Benton Barracks, disability. Charles P. Stewart, died Feb. 9, '63, Springfield, chronic diarrhoea. Clark J. Sherwood, dis. Mar. 4, '62, Benton Barracks, disability. Ira C. Scott, died Sept. 1, '65, Hempstead. Texas, chronic diarrhoea. John Shuster, died Sept. 28, '63, Little Rock, chronic diarrhoea. Samuel S. Sherman, deserted June 4, '62. Levi Shultz, deserted Sept. 30, '62, Springfield, Mo. Ernst Seidel. died Aug. 4, '64, Little Rock, intermittent fever. Samuel Tate. dis. Mar. 12, '63, Springfield, Mo. Samuel Taylor, deserted July 20, '63, Springfield, Mo. George Venn, died April 18, '64, Memphis, chronic dysentery. Peter Walter, killed Sept. 15, '64, Mexico, Mo. John W. Wall, dis. Nov. 25. '61, Benton Barracks, disability. N. W. Wellaver, w'ded Aug. 27, '63, Little Rock: dis. Oct. 14. prom. James A. Walton, died June 20, '64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. COMPANY M. Charles E. Cook. Ser., deserted Oct. 10, 61. Dan'l M. Shureman, Ser.. died Nov. 18, '62, Springfield, typhoid fever. Edward Ware, Ser., wounded Aug. 2, '62, Clear Creek, Mo. Peter Barr, Cor., dis. June 24, '62, Clinton, Mo., disability. Wm. O. Gulich, Cor., w'ded Aug. 27, '63, leg amp.: died Sept. 4. '63. Josiah (iorham, Cor., drowned Aug. 27. '63, Helena, insane, John M. Alcorn, Cor., dis. Nov. 1, '65, disability. Daniel Dean, Cor., dis. Oct. 24, '61, Benton Barracks, disability. Thomas E. Francis, Bugler, wounded Aug. 2. "62. Clear Creek, in head. Sam'l B. Cory, Sad., dis. Mar. 17. '62, Sedalia. disability. Joseph Moody, Wag., dis. Oct. 17. '63, Benton Barracks, disability. Henry Bennett, private, deserted Mar. 3. '63. Charles Barrows, dis. Sept. 21. "61. Burlington, disability. DeWitt C. Bronson, trans. June 30, '65. to V. R. C. P. H. Burke, wounded in hip April. '64: deserted July 4, '6,'k Jerome L. Church, died Feb. 4. "62, Benton Barracks, typhoid fever. Wm. H. Davidson, dis. July 24. '62. disability. James M. Decker, wounded Aug. 27. '63, Bayou Metoe, Ark., in hip. Lander Follet, died Feb. 20, '64, Little Creek, Ark., measles. Thomas George, dis. Feb. 12, '63, Forsyth, Mo., disability. Paschal Gardner, dis. Nov. 9. '65, dishonorably for desertion. Thomas Gammill. deserted Dec. 20. '64. Benton Barracks. Mo. 422 HISTORY OF FIRST IOWA (CAVALRY. Charles Hibber. wounded Aug. '2, '62. Clear Creek, Mo. Hiram Hill. dis. April 26, '63, Springfield. Mo., disability. Reuben Hubbell, died Jan. 15, '65, Little Rock, typhoid pneumonia- John T. Husband, deserted Oct. 18, '62. Martin T. Hesler, died Dec. 16, '62, Springfield, chronic diarr. Eugene C Hannibal, died July 10, "64, Little Rock, typhoid fever, (jeorge M. Joslyn, died July 12. '64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Sylvester K. Lake. dis. April 7, '62, Benton Barracks, disability. Wm. H. Mathews, dis. Feb. 24, '63, disability. John McDonald, deserted Dec. 21, 61. James McCormick. deserted June 1, "63. Lake Springs, Mo. Marshall McKnight. trans. Nov. 4. '61, to Berger's Sharpshooters. Richard A. Miner, deserted Feb. 15, '63, Forsyth, Mo. (reorge A. Nelson, died Nov. 24, '62, Springfield, chronic- diarrhcpa. (Jharles J. Osgood, dis. Dec. 21, '62, Madison, Wis, Washington H, Rigby, wounded Aug. 2. "62, Clear Creek, Mo. Elisha A. Roland, killed Aug. 2. '62, Clear Creek, Mo., in battle. James F. Randolph, trans. Sept. 30. '63, to invalid corps, Henry Roberts, deserted Jan, 11, "62. Richard Smith, dis. July , '62. disability. Jacob Stephenson, died Nov. 25, '62, Springfield, Mo. Fritz Thode, died Dec. 19, '62, Prairie Grove. Ark., dysentery. John Tietzgens, died Sept. 30. '63, Keokuk, erysipelas. William H. Todd, wounded Aug. 2, '62. John S. Vosburg, wounded by guerrillas. I^ewis Warren, died Aug. 13, '64, chronic diarrhoea. Christian W, Wilson, w'ded Oct. 29. '62 ; dis. Feb. 2. '63. DNASSIGNED KECRUITS. Aaron Babcock, priv,, died Jan. 1, '63, St, Louis, pneu?iionia. William Grates, dis, Dec. «, '62. disability. Henry Hotinger, died April 13, '64. Helena, Ark., measles. John A. McClelland, died Nov. 18. '62, St. Louis, typhoid fever. Jacob Showalter. died June 7, '64, Little Rock, typhoid fever. Lewie Thompson, died June 7. '64, Little Rock, intermittent fever. I INDEX. Page. Acknowledgment 9 Advance on Little Rock 127 Adventures of Dismounted Members 159 Additional Announcement 383 Affidavit Surg-eon Lothrop 276 Affidavits and Statements of Custer's Cruelty 280- 98 Alexandria— Execution of Soldiers 223 Announcement 3 Assa.ssination of Lincoln 210 Assignment to Special Duty 208 Battle of Blackwater 42 Battle of Silver Creek -48 Battle of Montevallo 63 Battle of Warsaw ')5 Battle of Marais des Cygnes 69 Battle of Lotspeach Farm 70 Battle of Big Creek Cliffs 70 Battle of Clear Creek 73 Battle of Lone Jack 75 Battle of Newtonia 81 Battle of Cross Hollows 84 Battle of McGuire's Ford 85 Battle of Prairie Grove 89 Battle of Dripping Springs 96 Battle of VanBuren 96 Battle of Yellville 98 II INDEX. Page. Battle of Kingston 99 Battle of Midnight Attack 108 Battle of Jackson. 108 Battle of Spring Hill 109 Battle of Chalk Bluffs 110 Battle of Bloomfield " 110 Battle of St. Francis River 110 Battle of Salem Ill Battle of Bayou Metoe 126 Battle of Cape Girardeau Ill Battle of Brownsville 126 Battle of Little Rock 129 Battle of Princeton 142 Battle of Arkadelphia 149 Battle of Spoonville 149 Battle of Antoine ^ 149 Battle of Elkins' Ford 161 Battle of Prairie d'Anne 166 Battle of Camden 187 Battle of Moro Creek 163 Battle of Jenkins' Ferry 166 Battle of Persia Hills 187 Battle of Centralia 188 Price's Raid 194 Battle of Osage River 196 Battle of California 196 Battle of Dardanelles 206 Battle of Big Hatchie 209 Battle of Moro River Bottom 206 • ' Bandbox Battalion " 61 Benton Barracks 36 Burlington 28 (Capture of Little Rock 129 Camden Expedition 148 INDEX. Ill Page. (Capture of Marmaduke 199 ('apture of Camden 157 Changes in Medical Staff 119 Changes of Personal History of the Regiment 202 ("lose and Personal History of 1863 143 Copies of General Sterling Price's Orders 194 (^ollinsville 210 (nose of 1865, Personal History, etc 242 (,'olonel McQueen's Speech 232 Custer's Cruelty 277 Departure from Little Rock 201 Dismounted Battalion 148 Detached Service 303 Evacuation of Camden 166 Expedition to Henry, Bates and St. Clair Counties. Mo 56 Expedition to Oregon County 105 Expedition under Brigadier General Vandever. 107 Fall of Richmond 213 Furlough Surgeon Lothrop 121 Furlough, Veteran 163 First Prisoner of the Campaign 1 49 (xeneral Preface 5 (leneral Marmaduke ' • Taken In '" . 151 Major General G. A. Custer Assumes C'ommand 217 (ieneral Custer's Letter 230 (4overnor Stone's Letter 232 General S. D. Sturgis in Command 241 (xeneral Custer's Statement 262 (ieneral Custer's Statement , 266-274 (General Forsyth's Endorsement 275 (ieneral Custer and Staff Ordered Mustered Out 296 (ieneral Custer Leaves Between Two Days 296 General Thompson's Staff 297 (ieneral Marmaduke's Report. 169 IV INDEX. Page. Horace C. Cure Whipped. 231 Horse Race 240 Introduction to ■ ■ Pup Tents '\ 122 Inspection of Regiment by U. S. A. Officers 229 Jack Rutter Beaten. 140 Letter of Lieutenant Chas. W. W. Dow 112 Letter of Captain Rowland. Eighteenth Iowa Infantry. 179 Lieutenant Colonel McQueen's Reply 266-274 Leave Austin, Texas. 298 March to Springfield, Mo. 79 March to Lake Springs 101 Mai-ch to St. Louis 200 Massacre of Centralia 188 March to Pine Bluffs 205 March to Texas 227 March for Austin. Texas 239 Midnight Attack 108 New Organization of Regiment 184 Necrology 314-316 No Quinine 225 Number of Enlistments 299 Organizations of Companies 18 (Organization of Corps Field Hospitals 155 Operations of Veteran Portion Regiment. 185 Ordered to Memphis. Tenn. 207 Ordered to Texas 216 Organization of Board of Surgeons 224 Obnoxious Orders Revoked 237-238 Ordered to Report to General Rosecrans as Body Guard 197 Orders — General — General J. W. Davidson 136 General (i. A. ( Ulster . 218 No. 14 225 Special — General G. A. t'uster 218 No. 35 .224 INDEX. V Page.. Orders — Special — No. 37 226 No. 20 294 (Jomplimentary — General J. W. Davidson.. 123 (ieneral E. A. Carr. . 162 Congratulatory — General Fred. Steele. . . 168 Order Lieutenant Colonel Caldwell 186 Farewell Order (General J. W. Davidson 147 Whippin}^ Order . . , 218 Personal Sketches. 317-355 Princeton 1 42 Purchase of Medicine. 237-238 Promotions 310-313 Rations — -Hog Jowls 228 Reception of (xovernor .Soliman 119 Resolutions Iowa State Legislature 233-236 Report of Lieutenant Colonel McQueen 243-262 Reply to Marmaduke's Report 177 Report of Major (General Steele 129 Report of (jeneral J. W. Davidson 134 Report of Lieutenant Craig 136 Report of Lieutenant Colonel Drake 1,52 Reminiscences of Army Life. . 256-284 Roster of Officers of Regiment 299 Roster. 385 Saber Presentation to (xen. J. W. Davidson 139 Sickness in Regiment 140 Steamer Starlight 226 Sold Race . _ 238 Veteran Furlough. 183 1861-62 13 1863 97 1864 146 1865 203 1866 294 NAMES OF FOR IRA ITS. The portraits having been sliipped direct from ("hicaj^o to ( 'edar Rapidb for binding', it was impossible to page them. They will be found in order of company as near as possible. Very truly. Virgin IK J^otiikoi'. Colonel Fitz Henry Warren. Colonel Daniel Anderson. Colonel J. W. Caldwell. Colonel William Thompson. Major Levi Chase. Major J. D. Jenks, Surgeon M. B. Cochran. Surgeon Charles Henry Lothi-op. Virginie Lothrop, Assistant Surgeon J. A. J^add, Assistant Surgeon Asa Morgan. Adjutant David A. Kerr. Lieut. H. S. Heberling. Pres. Ass'n. E. J. Babcock, first Sec. Ass'n. Phil. H. Francis, Sec. Ass'n. Orrin B. Crane. (4eorge K. Miller, Sergeant Walter S. (iray. ('a])tain J. T. Foster. Sergeant B. S. Woodward. Captain W. E. Leffingwell. l.,ieutenant H. P. Shiffer. Isaac Rhodes. M. W. Chatfield, Lieut. William Preseott Allen. R. M. Swan. Paul Hendricks. D. D. Burnett, Clement M. Bird, (.lieutenant Chas. W. W. Dow. Lieutenant Clinton M. Turner. Major Max Klein, Thomas S. Heller, S. W. Trenchard, J. W. Krapfel. Ed. J. Brown. Benj. F. Skinner. Lieutenant Colonel J. D. Thompaon. ( 'ai)tain Robert L. P'reeman. Captain A. W. Hosford. Lieutenant Ernest A. Klingenberg, Walter C. Handley. Lieutenant Samuel T. Craig. Francis Burkhall. ('aptain Thomas Henry Barnes. Captain James M. Russell. Lieutenant Walter W. Carpenter. Lieutenant Chas. DuBois. Lieutenant A. L. Freeman, Sergeant John Fitzsimmons. Sergeant Horace J. LeouHrd. Joab Somers, Charles A. Chase, Lieutenant James M. Simeral. Herbert L. Mills. i.,ewis E. Dean, Billy. Benton Bitner. fl Si:l^f/s