Class & . 5 5_._^ 1 4 i? i y ^i/yvy^oiy^ ir 1^ BIOGRAPHY OF EDMUND PENDLETON GAINES, MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. ARMY, CONDENSED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES, Bi/ a Friend. The subject of this sketch was the third son of James Gaines; and was born on the 20th March, 1777, near the eastern base of the blue lidge, in the county of Culpeper, Virginia. The father served in the i'latter part of the revohitionary war, at the head of a company of volun- [teers — was soon afterwards chosen a member of the North Carolina Legis- lature, which State he had moved to at the close of the war, and was sub- sequently elected a member of the convention of that State to which the Federal Constitution was submitted for its approbation or rejection. Among the ancestry of James Gaines was numbered the person of Ed- mund Pendleton, a name which Virginia, as well as the whole country, f| delights to revere — a profound lawyer, an able judge, and a statesman, whose reputation finds no superior even in the characters of Henry, Jefferson, Madison, Randolph, Lee, and Mason. Mr. Gaines moved his family to Sullivan county, which afterwards became the Eastern comity of Tennessee, about the time of his son Ed- mund's attainment of his thirteenth year. Here, while a beardless boy with his rifle, our young hero studied the art of war ; and this in the im- mediate vicinity of the depredations committed by the Creeks and Chero- kees with whom we were at war. His excellence in the use of this border weapon of attack and defence was generally acknowledged ; to which he, perhaps, may consider himself indebted for his first commis- sion,* that of a Lieutenant in Captain Cloud's volunteer company of riflemen. Soon after this he was recommended for a commission in the army, and on the 10th January, 1799, he was appointed an ensign. In the following fall he was attached to the 6th regiment, and ordered on duty in the recruiting service, he having in the interim been promoted to a second Lieutenancy. Soon after the disbandment of the 6th, he was at- tached to the 4th, under the command of Col. Thomas Butler. In the summer of ISOL Colonel Butler was instructed by President Jefferson to select the subaltern of his regiment best qualified for making a topographicail survey from Nashville to Natchez for the location of a * This is the only office for which ho ever offered himself to his fellow cilizena^ His triumphant election proved that his character was duly appreciated III pense to the enemy of 905, killed, wounded, and missing — while their own loss was but 84.* At the point of the first attack the enemy found *Mhe veteran 2Ut,'' under the command of Major Wood, supported by Towson's artillery on Snake Hill. Here there were no breast works nor any defences other than a light abattis of brush, not more than two feet high, and no where was there greater necessity for continued vigilance and prudence. The American General had given orders, that should there be an at- tack in the night, not a gun should be discharged until orders to the con- trary ; and that no such orders should be given until the enemy had reached the abattis. The orders were strictly obeyed, and the conse- quences were five successive repulsions of the first column of attack with great slaughter, in a half an hour — many of the enemy falling upon the abattis. The Americans depended upon a '^ reserved Jlre,^' until their adversaries were near enough to render its effects certain — the British, as usual, relied upon the '' bayonet^ f How far the cool courage of the one triumphed over the steady valor of the other, may be seen in the re- sult of the final repulse. The Americans lost not a man, while their enemy mourned over the fate of 300 in killed, wounded, and missing. This point being secured and placed in the care of General Ripley, and Majors Wood and Towson, the commanding general repaired to the extreme right, whither he had been called by an animated attack upon that wing. The enemy's left, under Lieutenant Colonel Scott, gallantly attacked the part of General Gaines' right wing defended by the 9th, 1 1th, and 25th infantry ; a detachment cf Hindman's artillery, and two com- panies of Porter's volunteers. The British were repulsed with the loss of their commander and many of their officers and men. Lieutenant Colonel Drummond, at the head of one of the enemy's cen- tre columns, attacked the fort defended by Captain Williams, under the direction of Major Hindman, was repelled and renewed the attack aided by his left, whose leader had fallen. The darkness, increased by the smoke of an hour's brisk action, enabled the enemy to complete the 65- calade of the bastion without being discovered. A sanguinary struggle ensued, several of the artillerists fell, among them the heroic Williams, McDonough, Fountaine, and Watmough, and the bastion was lost. Arrangements were immediately made to dislodge them. The reserve under Foster, Birdsall, and Hall, was ordered up, and the fire of the 9th, I Ith, and 12th, was directed to the bastion and to the enemy's force col- lecting in front. The first attempt failing, Colonel Drummond ventured with a few men to descend the gorge into the mess house, where he fell. (This was the officer who refused Lieutenant McDonough " quarter," ♦ British and American official reports. t Extract from Drummond's order of attack. "The Lieutenant General raoBt Btrongly recommends a free use of the bayonet." when it was demanded by him on the bastion after being severely wounded, and who pressed on his command with the reiterated order, ^' Give the d — d yankecs no quarter !^')* The fire was steadily con- tinued at the enemy, upon and in front of the bastion, until none of his force could be seen. It was now daylight, and the riflemen were pro- mised a fair opportunity for an exercise of their skill in singling out their foe, and ''drawing on him a bead." But at this auspicious moment, bid- ding fair for the destruction of the whole British army, two or three hundred pounds of powder, under the platform of the bastion exploded, by which the cheering prospects of the Americans were blighted. The efl"ect upon the enemy was not unfavorable, as nearly all but their dead and wounded had previously left it, as was known to the staff of the com- mauding General as well as to other of his ofBcers, and as was after- wards confirmed to them by Captain Colclough and Lieutenant Hall of the British Army, who had been badly wounded before the explosion. The loss of the British in the battle of the loth, was, as previously stated according to their official acknowledgement, nearly 1,000, while our own was but 84. (f) Among the wounded of the latter was the General Commanding-in-chief, who, while writing a report at his quarters, had his leg disabled, and body much bruised, by the bursting of one of the enemy's shells beneath his feet. The Niagara frontier was our last foot-hold in Canada, after several ineffectual campaigns to conquer it. The maintenance of that foot-hold had been questioned by some of the first officers under the command of the American General. To abandon it, however, was to open to the enemy an inroad to a frontier of thousands of miles in extent, and to de- liver up its inhabitants and their property to the " mercy of the merci- less !" The American General preferred risking his .command against a force almost double his own — with what result has already been seen. When we take this into consideration, and at the same time keep before our eyes the fact, that in full view of the nation was the dark picture of a country with its seat of government in possession of a foe, whose first principle was destruction to every thing held sacred by the laws of war, while the intelligence of our decisive success over the British arms was being received — we are at no loss what place in the record of American achievements to assign to the victories of Fort Erie, and what honors to award its victors. * It may be well by way of showing the spirit which actuated the British Army, to notice tlic fact that its parol was " steel," and its countersign " twenty," words qnite as significant as the " beauty" and " booty'" of General Packenham at New Orleans. See Lieut. General Druramond's order of attack, dated " Head Quar- ters, camp before Fort Erie, August, 1S14. (t) See Assistant Adjutant General Jones' (now Adjutant General of the Army) Report, dated "Fort Erie, U. C, Aufust 17, 1814." 6 The nation seemed to be at no loss, foV its Congress voted to Major General Gaines and the officers and men under him its thanks, while it accompanied the vote to the General -with a gold medal. Five States of the Union also offered him their thanks, three of which (New York^ Virginia, and Tennessee,) each presented him with a costly sivord of honor. General Gaines was invited by President Madison to take command of a division of the Army in accordance with his rank of Brevet Major General — a rank earned as a brilliantly successful commander ofadivi' sion of American force against a division of the enemy — a rank more sacred even than a lineal rank of Major General, because it was a rank earned on the field of battle. This command in honor of his rank as Major General, based upon a law of Congress, he was possessed of from that date henceforth for nearly thirty years. In the time intervening the conclusion of the last war and the com- mencement of the Black Hawk difficulties, the first Seminole war oc- curred, in the course of the operations of which General Gaines was cast away in FHnt river with the loss of his Adjutant General and his men, who were drowned. After several trying attempts the General succeeded in gaining the shore. This narrow escape of death by drowning was followed by a still narrower one from starvation — all his effects having been lost save the clothes upon his back, and his commission as Major General^ and he having been compelled to travel five days and as many nights in the wilderness without any thing to satisfy his hunger. It is but truth to say, that had General Gaines' stipulations with the Sac and Fox chiefs l^een attended to properly, the country never would have been saddled with the expenses of the Black Hawk war. It seems that a number of this tribe had crossed the 3Iississippi into Illinois, under a determination to remain at their old villages ; and that the Governor of that State had placed himself at the head of a force to march against them and expel them from the State. On hearing of their presence in Illinois, General Gaines proceeded with several companies of troops from Jefferson Barracks to the theatre of the difficulties where he Avas joined by Governor Reynolds. Notice was given to Black Hawk that he must recross the river, or suffer the consequences. This he re- fused to do. Arrangements were then made by General Gaines and the town surrounded by our troops, when on examination it was discovered that the enemy had taken the alarm and returned to the opposite side in the night. On the next morning a white flag was displayed by the In- dians, a truce followed and they sought peace, Avhich was promised them. Articles of capitulation were then signed, by which it was determined that Black Hawk and his warriors should retire to their proper territory. An article was thereupon added by General Gaines and Governor Rey- nolds to the effect that as much corn should be furnished them m. supplies, al stated times, as should be equal to the quantity that their crops (which they abandoned) then ripening, as estimated by proper persons, amounted to. The first supply was furnished, and Black Hawk with his warriors returned home peaceably, and in conformity to their agreements, savages as they were. General Gaines' measures were never disapproved at Washington ; but his stipulations, through the negligence of the authori- ties at that city, were not carried into effect and the supplies not furnished ; the consequences of which were, the starving Indians returned, and the Government was compelled to force them out in the face of its own errors — not the only instance in the annals of our Indian difficulties where these members of the human family, depending upon us for kindness, have been visited with wrongs, and those wrongs atoned for by outrages upoa their rights. We now approach that part of the life of General Gaines connected with " the Florida war," which, through the instrumentality of his secret enemies, was much misrepresented. The line dividing the United States into two great geographical divisions extended from the southern point of Florida through the centre of that peninsula northwardly to Lake Supe- rior. All the countrj'- west of that line constituted the western division of the army, and all east of it the eastern division. The former was under the command of Major General Gaines — the latter under that of Major General Scott. The theatre of Dade's massacre was in that part of Florida included in the western division, and accordingly on hearing of it General Gaines made a requisition upon the Governor of Louisiana for troops — organized about 1,100 men — proceeded to Tampa Bay — marched to Dade's battle ground — buried the dead — marched on the Withlacoochee — encountered the enemy, 1,500 strong — defeated them in several sharp conflicts — compelled them to sue for peace on the 5th March, and closed the war. The movements of General Scott's force, three weeks after, while the enemy were under the expectation of peace from their "talk" with General Gaines, frightened the Indians into a renewal of the war, which continued for seven years after, at a cost of much blood and thirty millions of trea.sure. A Court of Inquiry was ordered by the President of the United States to *Hnquire and examine into the causes of the failure of the campaii^ns in Florida against the Seminole Indians under the command of Major General Gaines and of Major General Scott^^ which court, in the face of the protest of General Gaines against such a proceeding, made two cases, as if a Court Martial, and proceeded to the investigation of the case of General Scott, while General Gaines was in attendance upon one of his nearest connexions alarmingly sick at a distance of a thousand miles and was unable to reach the place of holding the court. The appre- hensions of General Gaines in his protest were realized. In the course of the inquiry into General Scott's case, the voluntary opinion of Colonel 8 Gadsden, Quartermaster General in the staff of General Scott, was ad- mitted in which he says (though he never served with General Gaines, and could not therefore correctly give art opinion) that he attributes the failure of Scott's campaign " to a combination of causes" — " First, the premature ill-advised, and ill-organized movement of General Gaines," &c. &c., which indecorous testimony, elicited in the case of General Scott, be it remembered, constintied the basis of the cozirfs remarks ap- 2uaring in the decision upon the case of General Gaines ! No oppor- tunity was offered for a cross-examination of that witness, as General Gaines was precluded from so doing by the decision of the court, and his testimony was never seen by General Gaines until after the court had risen, and the proceedings had been published by order of Congress. This Court of Inquiry of three, forgetting that it was ordered to in- quire into a matter to see if it could find some offence for trial before a Court Martial of thirteen, and fancying itself invested with a plenitude of power, transformed itself into a Court Martial of three, (notwith- standing the law prescribes the minimumio htfive^) and proceeded to the censure of both Generals Gaines and Scott ; the former for stepping a little beyond General Jackson and De Witt Clinton, (both of whom charged ''the hero of Chippewa" with every thing that was base and cowardly,) and branding General Scott as a traitor ; the latter for using improper language towards General Gaines in his official despatches from Florida, The difficulties between Mexico and Texas, and the unsettled boundary between the United States of America and the United States of Mexico, made it necessary that a force of United States troops should be held in readiness on the Sabine frontier to preserve our neutral relations and pro- tect the inhabitants of the disputed territory from any possible incursion of either of the belligerent parties. General Gaines was ordered thither from Florida to take the command. Finding the boundary line never had been marked by the Commissioners, as provided in the treaty of limits between the United States and Mexico, (concluded April 5, 1831,) and considering it incumbent on him to designate the disputed Territory from his own careful construction of that treaty, he came to the conclu- sion that all the country lying between the eastern and western forks of the Sabine river was the district over which it became him to maintain an armed neutrality and extend his protection. The second article of this treaty says, — '' the boundary line between the two countries west of the Mississippi shall begin on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the Sabine river, in the sea, continuing north along the western bank of that river to the ^2d degree of north latitude," 6fc., 6fc. It is plain that the sheet of water now called Sabine Lake, extending from the Gulf of Mexico thirty miles north, was regarded in the treaty before spoken of as the Sabine river, else the line could not begin '' on the 9 Gulf of Mexico, at the month of the Sabine river, in the sea." This sheet of water received at its nortiiern extremity two streams, no^v called the river Neches and the Sabine river, then known as the western and eastern forks of the Sabine. The western fork was thought to be the largest and main stream by many of the inhabitants upon that frontier. If the treaty regarded the sheet of water beforementioned as the Sabine; which of these forks did it regard as a continuation of that river? — for that it did so regard one of them is plain, from its saying, that said line^ shall continue "along the western bank of that river to the thirty-second degree of north latitude^' This constituted the gist of the dispute, and accordingly, it became the duty of the officer at the head of our force on that border, to regard all the territory lying between the eastern fork of the Sabine, extending up above Natchitoches, and the western fork above Nacogdoches, as the territory in question ; over which it was his solemn obligation in the spirit of his oath as an officer, his duty as the represen- tative of the President of the United States, nay more, his imperative duty as a subject of one of the high contracting parties to that treaty of commerce between the two Republics of America and Mexico, in which it is required that each shall restrain any encroachments of the Indians of one, upon the territory or inhabitants of the other— to extend the arm of protection. The treaty thus construed, requisitions were made upon some of the States for volunteers, preparatory orders issued, and notice given to Gene- rals Santa Anna and Houston of General Gaines' determination to resist to the utmost any encroachment upon that territory by either of the parties. The movements of the two armies a short time previous to the battle of San Jacinto alarmed the inhabitants of the frontier, a hundred of the fami- lies of which, men, women, and children, flew to the American General's- camp, seeking what was bounteously extended to them— defence against the inroads of.invading armies, and protection from the encroachments of hostile savages. " In peace prepare for war"— a maxim fraught with wisdom, and one that never should be forgotten by either the soldier or civilian. While the history of our wars prove that no one has exhibited more valor upon the field of battle or more unceasing eflforts for the safety of the country,- than Edmund Pendleton Gaines— the records of peace show that no citi- zen soldier has ever manifested a greater degree of ardor in the cause of the nation's defence. To the plan of defence projected by General Gaines for this country, the friends of that officer may point with pride. Based, as it is, upon the revolution in the military art wrought by the discoveries of the wonder- ful properties of steam, and planned after an intimate acquaintance with fhe country which its railroads traverse, and our extensive sea-board, the vulnerable points of which its floating batteries protect— there is evinced 10 in it, to say the least, an anxiety for the nation's interests, and an apprecia- tion of the advances of the arts, which, entitles it and its author, to the favorable consideration of the Congress whose country it is intended to defend. We like the system, because it presents manifest advantages over the Bernard system of defence. First. General Gaines' system will prevent the ingress and egress of hostile steamers of war ; for its floating batteries will be in our harbor approaches as a guard upon land guarding an encampment, which Gene- ral Bernard's system will not do, our immense land fortifications being futile for the prevention of the passage of even vessels of sails propelled by a brisk wind and strong tide by their batteries, and of course must be utterly so for the prevention of steamers moved with double and treble the rapidity. Second. It will present in its railroads, extending from the centre of the Union to the various frontiers, to an enemy invading our shores with armed steamships upon the improved plan of attack, means of defence corresponding therewith ; of which the other system is devoid. Third. Its expenses to the nation, if built by the army, will be com- paratively little, while our present system has already cost far more than that would ; and must still cost a vast sum if it shall be determined that its unfinished fortifications shall be completed. Fourth. General Gaines' system will be of incalculable benefit to the country in a commercial point of view, and, in a short space of time, besides enriching the districts through which its roads pass, return in the shape of revenue the whole amount expended in its completion, and moreover be a constant source upon which the nation may draw for means of equipping its armies and manning its navies. The Bernard system, instead of doing this, exhibits a constant drain upon the public treasury in the shape of repairs, at the rate of millions upon millions, year after year, without returning any thing to the treasury. Fifth. In fine, General Gaines' system binds the States together in almost indissoluble bonds, with its great arteries of communication equally applicable to, and equally valuable for purposes of war and peace, and puts the country in a perfect state of defence. The Bernard system tends to weaken, instead of to strengthen the Union, and leaves the country completely defenceless. These are the striking contrasts which have induced us to decidedly prefer the plan of defence submitted by Major General Gaines to Con- gress in his memorial of December 31st, 1839, to the system of General ; Bernard, based upon the military principles of ages past. i^V Has Congress th The discussion ' dence is that Congres twenty-seven Congre be made showing wh In reading the i 8, which sajs, '' Co^ support arjnies;" am " The President sha several States when ooinrnon defence" se( tional head of those army would be the stitution intended the brigades, and of div visions, was the Pre under our Constituti What possible Its right to say that ^ No. It has further so many brigades a sumption of power military district?" Tliose who hes in-chief, and has iss ment of them by C( them that the existe control that army o The present ai the common defenc would be violating a tendency to leave the right of Congi correct an order o depends upon it ? Is the abol which the ^rmi SuiUJCM JO Iinj 90UB u( spuGtutuoa 10 non IS dependent upon that city for the greater should be co-extensive with the commerce Previous to the introduction of steam of any city upon the seaboard; for it was ful current of the river upon which it is siti situation. But since the successful applica Orleans is not only practicable, but a matte (and therefore is the most important militar most important one in the world, it is one o every portion of the country of which it is complished by* placing a Major General exposed point, should occasion require it. There are other reasons why the vail and every part. On our western border, extending froi Indians whose hostility should be sufficien of that frontier, navigable streams flow to t General to hasten supplies and disposable Will it be pretended that a chief at W of any part of it ? The division of General the same extent of country of the division other, and his arms and ammunition from ; war. What would be thought of an orgai' the territory upon which New Orleans de[ of orders from Washington, consequent up " General Orders, No. 40," of date 12r departments, constituted as follows: The Tennessee, and Kentucky ; the second, th( the thirty-seventh degree of north latitude tude, Illinois, Iowa, that part of Wisconsin and the Indian country north and west oft ^Territory not included in the third departr York, A^ermont, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Maine ; the seventh, the states of Deh and Georgia ; the ninth, East and Middle each other, and responsible to no one s zation, depends solely for its resources for ( These departments constitute an arrangem divisions rested, which principles were fou raise and support, and the President to conr In the examination of this subject, let tion of a nucleus around which the less ex the country; that every movement in it mu to disregard the maxim of Washingto: the spirit of its provisions for the common Has the abolition of divisiam mentSy promoted the interests of tl This question is partly answered in ll to the country, contemplated by the constit There are other reasons, however, wl: sions, and these may be found in the manil * It may be said by some that a senior office an outbreak upon the Indian frontier, assume fl that department as he deemed proper, thus givin of the Mississippi valley. 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Co Co Go Co Ob Si- Co O 55 Co 5> 02 ^ OK part of its commerce. It is a sound principle that its resources for defence of the country depending upon it. in the art of attack, New Orleans was protected by the best natural defences difficult of approach with a fleet of vessels moved by sails against the power- lated, and any thing like sapping and mining was impracticable, from its low tion of steam to vessels navigating the Atlantic, a coup-de-inain against New r of ease; and, while it clearly is now the most important seaport in the Union, y position therein,) bidding lair to be, by the close of the present century, the f the least defended of any of our seacoast cities. The necessity of making the outlet tributary to it for its defence seems apparent, and this is to be ac- in command of that district, with power to concentrate its whole force upon its ey of the Mississippi should be regarded as a whole for the defence of each n the Sabine north to our northernmost limits, are located a large number of tly apprehended as to guard to the utmost against them. From various parts he great artery of communication, the Mississippi, which enables a Major forces wheresoever they may be suddenly demanded. ashington City can wield the forces of the Mississippi valley for the defence Jackson in the late war coasislcd of the greater portiov of that valley, (nearly of 1836,) and by drawing his forces from one partof it, his supplies from an- another, he was enabled to achieve his victory of crowning brilliancy to the :iization requiring him to look for means of defence to but a small portion of )ends for protection, and forbidding him to act otherwise but upon the authority on a report thereto? h July, 1842, abolished geographical divisions, and substituted nine military first department embraced West Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, ! country west of the Mississippi, north of Louisiana and Texas, and south of ; the third, the state of Missouri above the thirty-seventh degree of north lati- Territory west of the thirteenth degree of longitude, west of Washington, he lines indicated ; the fourth, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, the part of Wisconsin nent, and the Indian country north; the fifth, the slates of Pennsylvania, New and Rhode Island; the sixi!;, the slates of Massachussetts, New Hampshire, iware, Maryland, and Virginia; the eighth, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida. The commanders of these departments are entirely independtnt of ave the authoritie.s at Washington City. New Orleans from this organiza- lefence upon the States embraced in the department within which it is situated, ent of the military at war with the principles upon which the organization of nded in the great objects for which the constitution authorized Congress to imand, armies. it be kept in mind that the sole purpose of a standing army is the preserva- perienced in the science of war may rally to prepare themselves, and defend St, therefore, be with a view to readiness for war : and that in its organization, V, ''in peace prepare for war," is to violate the constitution by trampling upon defence. ' in the Army, and the multiplication of independent depart- \e service! le preceding remarks ; for whatsoever perverts the arm v from its purposes ution, injures the service. ly the interests of the service have not been promoted by the abolition of divi- est injustice which its highest officer has been allowed tosufTer, uprooting the :r in ono of the Military Departments might, upon a sudden invasion of New Orleans, or le command of another department, and order the forces including the commander of g the point to be protected the benefit of both or several departments, consisting of much The entire independence in peace of a commander of one department from that of an. ■;-.! pure principles upo for honor and fame From the private, \\ officer in commissic blighting effect is fe is not always safe fr Major Genera' dier General, matui General-in-chief, a d General, an officer a success ; in one of 'V ninety. It was com that he was clearly < 1812, authorising hi Major General, to d Winfield Scott this marked distinct ral Gaines' was con brigade, as a subord Both Generals Scott was promoted seven years. Gen Mr. Secretary Spe ing nine military d command — thereb in power, that com trying, to be expos season. We ask. Baton Rouge, or t to yellow fevers, ar After com man bilious attack, cons had become acclin of War, in the fac( in a military point General Gaines to As regards t soldier, and heal t we are willing to regarded as the e basest means for i with respect to G dence, military nn stitution under w" ^m 2 * 5 S "^ »* S 5 «^l 2? :iS 3 -* (» 3- 2 a e Ei, 3- ^ qJ •^cr n> • rt> 3 03 p»0 ® p 2 £t o *^ <0 ^^ '^ 3 p 3 a H 3 «i ~-__ ^ ^ tt S "*» t^ 3 - i^ » 3g£Low''"c'^ • So" ffl cp 3 o '^ e 2. • <■ S 3? =r » J.. p, < a 3 5 a B « I 3 ^ O X. - • p 3- P CD g < tj r o «- , » O ri; 3 3 ».. 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P CD 3 3 P s.. , r^ n ,— 'P P |;2-S^s §^S:^3^ P- p"Po< "■_'-' ■ P^' >-• ►t^ P ^-'^^ • g .3 CO Jj P /-^ "' ^ ^ P Q o p '^ O p "-*} o - CD -• - <^ P ^ P- iO P ►p p •►p o q .- 3 ?' P~ ?T1 p-S 5-0 p g.iO r^ P 3 P 2: ^^^gS-W p.-^fr p.^.^ P-E. P P CD 3* CO H > H: O C o Tt-.-^^T' 3nerals Gaines and Scott. General Gaines was made a Major GenerafKy'' made a Major General by brevet in that year, but was Gaines' junior, be- s brevet was based was junior. General Gaines still holds his lineal and his commissions of Brigadier and Brevet, when he was made a Major ines' brevet commission takes effect when he has a command according to leral Scott then becomes his junior officer. ( Scott should endeavor to abolish the two great geographical divisions of •ommand of General Gaines necessarily, and a command according to his )lish nine Military Departments, in neither of which was there more than J General Gaines to command one of them ? Is it, I say, to be wondered 1 Gaines of the right to command him, and clothe himself with the power is the case, let it be borne in mind, the moment General Gaines is not on .t's lineal rank of Major General takes effect over General Gaines' lineal :ott do this ? And, did General Gaines obey any order of General Scott's revet command? ting this was obeyed by General Gaines, but the joint order of the Pre- Secretary of War, J. C. Spencer,) and General Scott was obeyed. Why? obey ''the orders of the President of the United States'" whose orders rders of General Scott, that disobedience of General Scoti's orders be- z President. [See the joint order of Secretary Spencer and Major Gene- ng the two ''divisions" of the army of the United States, and substituting ijor Generals to command the other under certain circumstances is estab- il being acknowledged that Major General Gaines is entitled to a con;!-^ lajor General (a division) for having signally defeated a division of the — the question arises, how can the rights of both Major Generals Gaine? ■ewarded consistently with the interests of the country and service? sdivided into two Geograj)hical Divisions — ^the '' Division of the North" nd the " Division of the South'' commanded by Major General Jackson, rt of Brown's division, and General Gaines the Eastern part of Jackson's. ; entirely independent of each other in their commands, as Major Gencr le their reports to no Major General at Washington city, but made them he Department of War ; from Avhom, and whom alone, were their orders m Eastern and Western Division, and let Major General Gaines be or- General Scott to that of the other ; let their commands be entirely sepa- 3t the reports of each be transmitted to the constitutional Commander-in-? e Department of War ; let their orders be received from the President, .vith the Secretary of War as that he becomes irresponsible, and can use nth impunity : — let these be done, and General Gaines will have a com^ to which he is clearly entitled, and of which he cannot be deprived with-^ '. have all he can justljr claim, and more, indeed, if founded upon his war gh he never won his laurels as commander of a division, he having been each of the theatres of his distinction — the danger of conflict, or rathe Jenerals will be obviated — an organization preparatory for war will be a measure from the intrigues of politics, by one of its Major Generals of d from Washington — responsibility will be established at a point where ble to assume power, issue lawless ^oi?*^ orders, and shelter himself be- r — all of these will be accomplished, and the interests of the service and spected, and their services duly regarded. y -V^' IBH'U \ 1% '^ -X cc fS ^1 S-. 5 o^ P ;3 § •— • <-^ t; • P „ <-^ n5 '-' ^ — .'" 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