Class Copyright N^^ / ^ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. Society in Washington. ITS NOTED MEN, AWOMPEISHED WOMEN, ESTABLISHED CUSTOMS, IsTOT^BXjE E^E^sTTS. By RANDOLPH KEIM. ■ AUG 3 1887' )^ Washington, D. C. J-RINTKO HV TIIK HAKRISBURC. ( PA. -) .'UBLlSHINr. COMPANY. Copyright 1887, by DeB. Randolph Keim. CONTENTS. CllAl'TER I. ruKfis. Tlic National Capital and its Social Life, 1-2 A KfHox of Naiimial Life — 'IVcliiiical ("imti'iitioiis over ('onstiUitional Alistractions — A Political Ajii'ncy — The Xcvv Kegimo — Wastiin^toti the ( !ii>ital of a Nation — An Enil)0(|inieut of its Political ami Social Life — Prospective Magniticeuce. Chapter II. The President, 3-9 An Elective Sovereign by Divine Right of the People — His Pre-emi- nence among Hnlers — Powers, Prerogatives and Titles — Grover Clevelanii the Man of Destiny— The Official Household of the Presi- dent — Private Secretary Lamont— Mr. Priidcn— Col. Wilson— Lieut. Duval. Chapter III. The Wife of the President, 10-18 The First I..ady of the Land — Her Social Prerogatives and Pre-emi- nence — The Wedding at tiie White House — Mrs. Cleveland — Her 'i'riumphs as Presiding Ladj' — Ceremonial and Social Atlairs — Do- mestic Life at the Executive Mansion — White House Guests — Miss Cleveland — Mrs. Hoyt — .Mrs. Folsom— Oak View — Mrs. Lamont. Chapter IV. Founding a Social Republic '9-25 .\n.\ii'ty of presiics at WashiuL'loti Preston — Viscount and Viscountess d'e Nogueiras — Baron de Fava— Mr. Melsbroei'k — Count and ('ountess d'Arschot— Sir Lionel West — The Misses West — Mr. and Mrs. Edwardes— Senorand Senora Romero — .Mr. and Madame de Striive— Baron and Baroness Rosen— Mr. Greger — Mr. Roustan— Count .Sala. Chapter VIII. The Diplomatic Corps — Continued, 57-67 Colonel Frey- Mr., Mrs. and Miss Carter — Mr. De Weckherlin- Senor Flores— Mr. \'on Alvenslehen, Baron Zedtwitz and Mr. .lenisch— Senor Beeerra — Mr. ami Mrs. Kuki and Secretary Akabane — Senor Penilta — Mr. and Mrs. de Reuterskiold — Senor (^uesada^Baron and Baroness D'ltajuba — Senor Muruaga — Chang Yen Hoon and liis Ori- ental .suite — Doctor Corral — Don Domingo and .Senora de (iana — Mavroyeni liey — Chevalier Von Tavera— Senor OUivarria- Mr. de Lovenorn— The Representatives of Sal vador, Uruguay and G iiatemala. Chapter IX. Diplomacy and Etiquette, 68-75 The Rule of Intercourse established — Early Ministers — Jeffer.son's Lack of Manners — Proposed Legislation to Punish the Abuse of Di- plomatic Privileges — A Social Incident — President Monroe Fixes the Social Relations of Foreign Ministers at the Executive Mansion— A Revolt in the Cabinet — The President's Daughter Retaliates for an Assumed Slight — Relations Better I'nderstood— The Place of the De- partment^of .State — Present Rules of Ceremonial and Social Inter- course—Necessity of an Officer of Ceremonies — Secretary Evarts' Plan for Diplomatic and Official Entertainments. Chapter X. The Vice-President, 76-78 The Heir Presumptive to the Presidency— The Senate Asserts the IMgnityofthoO nice —Second in the Scale of Precedence— The Title— The Late \'ice-I'resident — Claims to Social Pre-eminence of the Wife of the Vice-President Ignored — A Social Anomaly. Chapter XI. The President of the Senate Pro Tempore, 79-8i His Place in tli<> Scale of Dignities— Taken out of the Line of Presi- dential Suii;iti' Ni'Vrr l»ii-s — Tin- Scn:iliiii:il Circli' — Statcsiii:in-iliii), l.cui'iiin;;, Ciiltiiro, and Opulclii-c^ (iiii'slioiis uf I'ic.M'ilciic'.'— A Jiiiti-t issue— Thi' I'nutici- Sinct — I're- i-e(icii(ji- ill the iieiieiai Siii-ial Scale I'l-aetieall y ('oneeiled. ClIAI'TKR XIII. the Senior Senators and Tlieir Ladies, -^7-94 A Senatorial Leader of the I,eft— Mrs. Slieniian -The " I'atriareli of (•on'.;ress- — Mrs. >Iorrill — Miss Swan— " Tlie Kalher of th.' Senate" — Mrs. .md Miss Kihniinds— 'I'lie Senior Senator of thi' Kit;ht— Senator and .Mrs. Kansoiii —Senator .Mlisoii — Mrs. F,.\-Sital — Chief Justice and .Mrs. Waite— The Justiee^iand the Ladies of 'i'heir I'amilies — .\dhcrence loUld Forms. Chaptkr XVIIL The Speaker . . 125-129 KecoKnize.l by tin- Constitution— The Temire of His Ottici — The Symbol of His Authority— The Fasces— The Power of the Speaker— His Place ill till' Scale"r.f 1 )ii;tiities -Title— Cereiiioiital and Social Kelations — lohn (Jrilliu Carlisle — Mrs. Carlisle. VI SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Chapter XIX, The Representatives, 129-134 The ()tH(M;il ami Social Cin-le of the Popular Branch of Congress — The Constitutional Powers anil I'reeedence of its Members — The New England Representatives — Their Ladies. Chapter XX. The Middle States Representatives, 135-145 New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and I)e!aware, in f'ongress— Their Latlies in the Social Circle of tlie People's Hranch — A (iroup of the Heauty, Wit, and Fashion of the Most Populous and Wealthy Section of tlie Union. Chapter XXI. The Western and Pacific Representatives, .,.•■• 145-152 The Men and Woman who Built up a Western Empire — Typical of the Spirit of American Institutions — The Representatives from Ohio, In- diana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Ne- braska, Colorado, California, Nevada, and Oregon — Their Ladies. Chapter XXII. The Southern Representatives, 153-162 A New Generation in the Congressional and Social Life of the Capital — The Representatives, and Their Ladies, of Maryland, Virginia, North • Carolina, South Carolina, (Tcorgia, Florida, AlaViama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia — The Territorial Delegates — Their Ladies. Chapter XXIII. The Army in Society, 162-179 An Epitome of Martial Valor and Fashion— The Lieutenant General and his Military Family — Their Ladies— The Officers of the Statf Departments and Ladies — The Garrison of Washington and its Social Lite. Chapter XXIV. The Navy in Society 179-187 The Naval Circle — Admiral and Mrs. Porter — The Vice Admiral -The Active Rear Admirals— Officers of the Administrative Bureaus and Their Ladies-The .Judge Advocate General — Professor Newconib and Assistants and Their Ladies — The Officers of the Hydrographic Office, Steel Inspection, Naval Observatory, Navy Yard, and on Special Duty— Their Ladies. Chapter XXV. The Marines in Society, 188-191 "Mond.ivs" at the Barracks— Fashion, Music and Parade — The In- spection " Hop "— Soiiilv Siirht Sccin'j -The Imiwinii-Uoonis of the Wife of the Colonel Coliilnalidaiit— Colonel I\l<-C:iwlcy— The Stall- Major Houston — Cajitain Pope — Thi^ Junior Oflieers-The Ladies of the Garrison. Chapter XXVI. Retired Officers of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps, 192- 19S Heroes on T^and and Sea — The Veterans of Three Wars in the Peaceful Walks of Social Life — A Distinguished Gathering of Brave Men and Accomplished Women. CONTKNTS. VI i Chapter XXVII. In the Statutory Rank of Official Precedence 199-207 Tlic .Iii(lj;fs of the ('(nut of flainis and Tlu'ir I^adios — The Sofidarv (if thf Sciiati — Tlif Clfik ol-tli.' House of HcprcMMitativcs— TIm' Assistant S.-cri'taiics of Kxt'i-iitivi' lieparttnoiits— 'I'lic ( I.mU of llie Siipri'iiif Court i>f the I'liiti'd Stati's-'I'licir Social SiirrouiidiiiKs. CllAI'TKR XXVIII. 'llie Washinj^ton Correspondents, 208-216 Who the V arc — The Ladicsof Tlicir Families — Tlicir l'Ia<'(.* in .Society — 'I'lie City I'ress. Chapter XXIX. I'noflkial Society, 217 Its IinTcasiiiK Inflticiicc and Importance — Iir.awinK the linos — The Representative Cliaraiter of Washington Fashionable Life — Its' I'cr- .•^onnel to be Considered. Chapter XXX. Some Notable Social Events, 21S-230 State Levees, Official Diiiinir, Social r)ra\vini;-rvooms, and T.iinclicoiis lit the Executive .Mansion — The Banquet to the (^iiecn of Hawaii — Cabinet Entertainments — Tlie Christening of l)orotliy I'ayiK' Whit- ney — Diplomatic Halls — Congressional (iayeties — .\rmy and Navy Germans -Club Keeeptious— Fasliionable liiversions. Chapter XXXI. The Kirmes, 231-240 The Elite of Fashionable Life at the Capital Witnes.i tlie Dance of Nations — Three Hundred Dancers in Costume — A Gorgeous Spee- tacle. SOCIETY I.\ W'ASHLXGTOX. CHAPTER I. The National Capitai, and Its Social Life. a reflex of national life — technical contentions over constitu- tional abstractions — a political agency— the new regime — washington the capital of a nation — an embodiment of its political and social life— prospective magnificence. irT-X /"ASHIN'OTOX is becoming each year more and more an epitome of I Y Y' the social life of the Republic. c-'— -^ The fashionable life of the capital of a nation may be said to be a reflex of the polite society of the nation itself. The society of London, whether of the court or gentry, is an embodiment of the higher life of the kingdom. The gay life of the French capital, whether we go back to the luxurious court of the old regime or to the days of military ascendancy under the great Napoleon or follow it down through the mutations of imperial and republican forms, presents a mirror of the social life of tlie French people. The precedence of military over civil rank in Berlin pervades the entire social yfabricoflhe Empire. The Austrian capital reflects the social phases of the Teutonic and Sclavic races of Southeastern Europe. Russian imperialism, thawing its inspiration from the traditions of the Kremlin, and transplanted upon the banks of the Neva, exalted the court and nobility into an attitude of social pre-eminence felt throughout llie vast length and breadth of that Empire of European and Asiatic peoples and reared a superstructure of social life among the governing classes, based upon the foundatio'-s of autocratic power subservient to and part of the sovereign will. In adjusting the authority of the government cf the United Slates under the Constitution of 17S7 to the cpiasi-sovereignty of the States, thequestion of establishing a Federal territory in which the government should have supreme control as an inceptive condition to the vigorous and unobstructed exercise of the powers of the new Constitution, gave rise to the most acrimo- nious discussion on the part of the opponents of a national system. The incon- venience of a peripatetic government meeting during the seven years struggle for Independence in seven cities and four States to suit the vicissitude^ of war jiractically exeiii])]iried llie advantage of a fixed place for the exerci ,e of executive and legislative functions. A chss of politicians who kept tlie coun- I 2 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. try in constant turmoil over controversial technicalities upon constructions of the Constitution and State lights for a half century, persisted in advocating the absurd doctrine that the National Capital was nothing more than a central political agency, where Congress might meet upon stated occasions or upon the call of the President 10 pass laws, appropriate money, levy taxes, declare war, ratify treaties, confirm nominations, and adjourn ; where the President and Executive officers and employees, the Supreme Judiciary and Ministers of the Diplomatic Corps might live a lif"e of official and social isolation and neglect and where residents might pay taxes for the privilege of maintaining a municipality of which the National Government was the chief and most costly beneficiary. The ultimate and incontrovertible vindication of the indubitable supremacy of the National over assumed St:te sovereignties, established beyond further cavils of so-called statesmen the ascendancy of principles of government which recognized in the Capital of the Nation the supreme embodiment of its political and social life. The effect of party doctrines and controversies upon the National Capital is forcibly illustrated in the slow march of the early decades and marvelous progress of recent years. When John Adams took possession of the unfinished executive mansion and Congress assembled amid the rubbish of the partly built capitol in the autumn of 1800, there lived within the limits of the Federal territory 14,000 inhabitants, 4,000 of whom were negroes. During a period of sixty years— 1800-60— there had been an average annual increase of but 850 white persons. The Nation meanwhile had grown from 5,000,000 to 32,000,000 inhabitants. In the next twenty-seven years the Nation's Capital, under the liberal and enlightened policy of the new regime supported by the cultured and lefined sentiment of the people of the country at large, expanded into a city of over a quarter of a million. Its assessed wealth, which had increased to bit $41,000,000 in sixty years, rose to $200,- 000,000 in twenty-five years, one hundred millions representing the value of its unrivaled public buildings. There is no hmit to its future growth in pop- ulation, wealth and magnificence. To measure the future of the Nation's Capital would be to mark out the grand march of progress of the Nation itself. To describe its majestic public edifices, its princely private residences, its works of art, its institutions of learning, its departments of science, and the brilliancy of its oflicial and social life presents a picture of the ascending glory and grandeur of the government and people of the American Republic. THE PRESIDENT. CHAPTER II. The President. An elective sovereign BV divine right of the people — HIS PRE-EMI- NENCE AMONG RULERS — POWERS, PREROGATIVES AND TITLES— GROVER CLEVELAND THE MAN OF DESTINY— THE OFFICIAL HOUSEHOLD OF THE PRESIDENT — PRIVATE SECRETARY LAMONT— MR. PRUDEN— COL. WILSON — LIEUT. DUVALL. Wn HE President of the United States is the elective sovereign of a M nation of sovereigns. He represents the executive and administrative VJ> ' functions of the most advanced government of homogeneous people on the face of the globe. Within the limits of the Constitution he wields greater authority than the most exalted ruler. His title to his high office founded upon the suffrages of his fellow-citizens places him at the apex of the official and social superstructure of the Constitution and invests him with all the powers, privileges and prerogatives of supreme rank. He is not only the civil head of the Nation but is the commander inchief of its Army and Navy and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual service of the United States. In his name diplomatic relations with foreign countries are established and maintained. In him alone is vested the nomination of the vast patronage of the executive and judicial branches of the Government em- bracing fully ten thousand civil, military and naval officers requiring senatorial consent. He has supreme and unquestioned power of appointment of an army of over one hundred and fifty thousand civil employees of all grades. As an individual he is entitled to the personality and enjoyments of other citizens but as the Chief Magistrate exercising the high duties imposed upon the Executive under the Constitution he is held in restraint by certain official and social conventionalities and precedents coincident with the inauguration of the Government, and endorsed and approved by unbroken usage through the entire line of his predecessors. He never returns a call except the first call of a visiting potentate or mem ber of a royal family or the executive authority of a foreign Nation or State. He can give State dinners and appropriate State social entertainments, but cannot accept an invitation in return. He may extend his patronage to suita- ble occasions of public interest or enterprise. He can invite a person of suital)le official or social jirominence or a personal friend to dine with him, but cannot accept an invitation to dine in return. His presence at the residence of a member of his own cabinet to dinner is optional though (xceptional, and 4 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. as an individual only and never as The President. At the capital as far as his freedom of intercourse with persons in official or social life is concerned, he is practically a prisoner of the State in the Ionic edifice set apart by statute for his occupancy during the period of his official term. Away from the capital he may be the guest of a State, municipality or private individual. In conversation he is always addressed "Mr. President." In writing officially he is always addressed The President. In the foimal salutation or superscription of communications from the chiefs of the great Executive Departments, the presiding officers or chairmen of committees of Congress or the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court he is always addressed by his con- stitutional title "To The President." In every respect the identity of his individuality in private life is lost in the environments of his official character. Even in the informal relations of personal friends he is properly ''Mr. Presi- dent," and any other form is presumptuous. To members of his own family in conversation with others he is "The President." In purely personal commu- nications from previously known friends and whose close acquaintance might pardon an evasion of the accepted and judicious forms, he is addressed in writing by his name simply without prefix or suffix of title. He is neither an Honorable nor an Esquire, which are subordinate titles, nor a plain Mr. He is id nt Tied by the Constitntion as The President and nothing else. When he ceases to be President the title passes to his successor. He is then ad- dressed by the title belonging to the highest rank he held in private life. The proprieties of rank, seclusion from obtrusive curiosity, the accommo- dation of public business, the transaction of the affairs of state, and protection against unnecessary and untimely personal visits regardless of the personal convenience of The President, or public interests requiring his constant and vigilant attention, have sagaciously established the code governing the official and social routine of the Executive mansion. The salary of The President, which is $50,000, applies simply to his do- mestic wants and personal servants. He is entitled by statute '•' to the use of the furniture and other effects belonging to the United States and kept m the Executive mansion " for his official term. An annual appropriation for the care and repair of the mansion supplies all expenditures on account of its public uses. A specific appropriation usually at the beginning of each ad- ministration, is placed at the disposal of The President for refurnishing the building to suit the tastes of the new occupant. The twenty-fourth quadrennial shake-up of the political forces of the Union brought to tlie chief place of executive authority a man unknown to national affiairs. He was the man of destiny in the rehabilitation of a political organ- ization, which, after six decades of almost uninterrupted control, was hurled THE rRF.SIDF.NT. 5 from power tlirough ihe arrogance and folly of its leaders, and tlic retro- gressive tendencies of its doctrines. With no policy but that of expediency, after resorting to intrigue and arms to rend assunder the ligatures of the national compact, it audaciously tried to ride back into executive pre-eminence upon the negative generalship of McClellan, it attempted to rally upon the Bourbonism of Seymour, it planted itself on the fable of the monkey and the chestnuts with Greeley, it ran after tlie flesh-pots of anti-bellum issues on Tilden, it stultified the record in a last essay on the sectional glory of Gettys- burg, through Hancock, with equal misfortune. It triumphed after twenty- four years of repudiation by the people, under the leadership of a man whose chief strength was his individuality, and his strongest claim that he was not identified with the history, traditions, antecedents, nor the politics of his party. The transitions of his career were marvelous. An obscure post hamlet, Caldwell, of New Jersey, gave him a birth place, a district school and academy unknown beyond the limited periphery of a local reputation, gave him a rudi- mentary education. Manhood found him in a desperate struggle with the waywardness of fortune for a bare living for himself, and a sparse surplus for the care and comfort of a dependent mother. The county of Erie made hira its sheriff, the muncipality of Buffalo made him its mayor, the Commonwealth of New York made him her Governor, and the T'nited States their President, In the mutations of time, thirty- three years to tlie sherivalty, eleven years to the mayoralty, two years to the gubernatorial seat, and one year to the Presidency. Dotted along the highway of two centuries are the footprints of six gener- ations of his ancestors. Moses Cleveland, an Englishman, planted the seed of the stock at Wobun, in the colony of Massachusetts. Aaron, a grandson, a minister of the Church of England, in charge of a mission of the Society for the propagation of the Gospel, died at the house of Benjamin Franklin, at Philadelphia, in 1757. A great grandson Aaron, a hatmaker, of Norwich, a member of the Connecticut Legislature, introduced a bill for the abolition of slavery and closed his mundane career in 1815, as a Congregational minister, at New Haven. William, a great, great grandson, watchmaker and silversmith, of Norwich, added a three times great grandson, Richard, to his family in 1805. Richard Cleveland completed his equipment for the duties of life as a graduate of Yale, and tlieoloj^ian of Princeton. Between those two ejiochs he met .\nne Neale, of Baltimore, who became his wife in 1829, and the mother of Grover Cleveland in 1837. Without fame to preceed him, Grover Cleveland came into office with his public career before him. The eclat of military renown made Washington, Jackson, Harrison, Taylor, Pierce, Grant, Hayes, and (iarfield, the choice of 6 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. the people. The premiership furnished the culminating civic distinction which raised Adams, the elder, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Adams, the younger, Van Buren, and Buchanan to the chief place. Political upheavals gave the nation Polk, Lincoln, and Cleveland. The Vice Presidency produced that quartette of political non-entities, Tyler, Fillmore, Johnson, and Arthur. Confronted by the worst elements in American politics, Grover Cleveland as President, has been a public benefactor. Through the conservatism of his policy, and the establishment of confidence in his administration, he has reju- venated a political party, which sustains the equipoise of national political sen- timent by ignoring the clamor of the political roues who have survived the obliteration of the old regime, and by bringing to the front better elements fjr the work of the future. His sincerity has been demonstrated in his efforts to carry out the pledges of the platform upon which he was chosen, despite hypocritical intrigue and opposition. His course has exemplified a statesman impelled to action by a conscientious interpretation of right and duty uncir- cumscribed by the resolutions of 1798, and the obsolete and exploded heresies of a quarter of a century and more ago, and by taking advanced grounds on what is called Democratic doctrine, to meet the requirements of public senti- ment and administration of the day. Turning from public affairs into the official life of the President, his great duties make him a man of routine. The supremacy of his rank, the absolute- ness of his power, the show of his official and social environments do not exempt him from care, anxiety, responsibility and drudgery. His busy life is daily the same. At eight o'clock in the morning he is at his mail and papers, while awaiting breakfast. After breakfast he is in his office until noon, receiving those entitled to see him on official business, or by appoint- ment. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, at noon, he meets the members of his Cabinet on affairs in their respective departmens, and consults them upon general questions of administration. On other secular days, suiting his con- venience, in the East Room, he receives persons calling "to pay respects." After lunch he returns to the library, where he applies himself to matters of legislation submitted for his approval, examination of papers relating to for- eign affairs, administration and the higher appointments, or preparing state papers issued in his own name. At half past four a drive of an hour or two with his wife, or his private secretary, is his sole recreation. After dinner he is again in the library where he remains examining papers, or writing per- sonal letters, carrying his labors hard up to the hour of midnight, and oftener into the hours of the morning. In his personal characteristics the President is conspicuously a man of strong convictions, indomitable industry, and fearlessness of purpose. He is THE PKESIDKNT. 7 natui-ally affable and disposed to pleasantry among unofficial callers. To- wards members of his Cabinet, Senators and Representatives, and officials summoned on business he is reserved, but an earnest and attentive listener. He is a ready conversationalist when he chooses to be, but his anxiety for information causes him to waive that mode of relief from the wearying monot- ony of questions of state, politics and patronage. He is much given to going into details which others would entrust to subordinates. He reaches his con- clusions by the tedious process of personal inquiry. This is the growth of professional habit. He has clear ideas upon all questions and is a ready and rapid writer. He takes a statesmanlike view of puljlic questions, end is less a partisan than the majority of his predecessors. He accomplishes tiie same ends by less otiensive methods. His integrity is best illustrated by his reso- lute determinatiun to adhere to the pledges of the platform upon which he was elected. He does more work in a day than any person undei the govern- ment. The "Official Household of The President," so known by specific statutory enactment as to name and personnel, consists of the Private Secretaries, the Steward of the Household, and persons of the unofficial staff of the Execu- tive establishment. An army offictr, the engineer in charge of Public Build- ings and Grounds, is in charge of the mansion. He also performs such other duties as may be requiretl of him by The President upon occasions of official or social ceremonials. There are also doorkeepers acting as ushers and to do duty during official hours, or on state or social occasions. There is also a suitable detail of metropolitans for guarding the approaches and the mansion, day and night, against the presence of intruders, or suspicious characters and for the protection of the person of The President against intrusion. The Private Secretary to the President represents the official personality of that high functionary. He has no authority or place of precedence by virtue of his office, but as the reflex of that pre-eminent personality, by direction of his principal, he is technically as supreme as the President himself. He stands between the President and the outer world. He conveys his personal orders, directs the clerical duties of the executive office, and relieves him of unneces- sary ami i)etly personal details wliich otherwise would break in upon his time and attention. Private Secretary Daniel Scott Lamont, who performs these delicite inter- mediary functions, is tlie son of a country merchant of Cortlandville, the seat of justice of Cortland county, in the very center of New York, where he was born in 1851. Ilerounded offtheeilucational ])eriodof his life at Union Col- lege Soon after, through the precocity of his political skill, he secured the post of deputy clerk of the New York A'-scmhly. After tJine yc.irs school- 6 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON". ing in that nursery of state politic^, he became chief clerk of the department of Stale of New \'ork, where he added three years more to his stock of training in Empire State politics. It was while serving in this position, under John Bigelow, that that astute political leader and statesman, Samuel J. Tilden, showed his appreciation of the talents of the young Cortland county politician by making him Secretary to the State Democratic Executive Committee in 1875. lie continued in the performance of these duties through the stirring National and State campaigns of the next eight years. During all that period he was closely associated with Mr. Tilden in the management of state polif ics, and possibly to-day more closely represents his methods than any other pei- son. With politics he combined journalism, and for some yeirs was manage- ing editor, and is still one of the owners of the Albany Argus, the organ of the Democratic party in the State. When Mr. Cleveland became Governor of New York, he availed himself of Mr. Lamont's political experience, l)y tendering him the post of Private Sec- retary and also Military Secretary, with the rank of Colonel, by which title he is now commonly addressed. When the State Executive of New York be- came the National Executive of the United States, he carried his trusted Sec- retary up with him by tendering him the same civil position in his official household at Washington. Since Major Tobias Lear was Private Secretary to President Washington, no'one has been more distinctively a part of the official and unofficial life of any President than has been Colonel Lamont in the relation of Private Sec- retary to President Cleveland. He is nearer to the person of the President than any one outside of the immediate family. He has the President's ear at all times, and is the only one except Mrs. Cleveland who accompanies him in his drives, or attends him in other recreations during moments of leisure from official cares. This remarkable young man, is short in stature and slight in build, with a keen grey eye, and a firmly set mouth overhung by a wiry auburn moustache. He tips the bilance at one hundred and thirty jiounds. He unites wilh a thorough knowledge of men, quick preceptions, a wonderful memory for names and details, and promptness in action. His integrity and loyalty a-e the strong points of his character. The Assistant Private Secretary O. L. Pruden, has charge of the legisla- tive and executive business passing between the President and Congress, delivers all " messages of the President in writing" in ceremonial form to the Senate or House of Representatives, and issues invitations to guests, official and unofficial, at state or social entertainments. He came to Washington in 1862 as a private in the Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers, and served two THE I'RESinF.NT. 9 years in the field. In tlie Summer of 1S64 lie assisted in organizing the first Regiment of U. S. colored troops' In this work his abilities having attracted atttention, he was discharged from the military service to enable him to accept a civil appoinlmentin that Department. In 1873116 received a permanent assign- ment, by order of President (irant, to one of the important clerkships cf the executive office. At the beginning of President Hayes' administration he was made Assistant Private Secretary, which place he has held ever since. Though not a member of the official Household ofthe President, Colonel John M.Wilson, U. S. Engineers, in charge of public buildings and grounds, who has custody of the executive mansion, also performs the important ceremonial duty of presentation to The President, of guests on public state, or cerinonial occa- sions. He entered thearmy from the Military Academy in i860, as alieutenant ill the Second U. S. artillery and participated in the Manassas campaign cul- minating in the battle of Bull Run. He took part in all the batt'es on the Vir- ginia Peninsula in the summer of 1S62, being brevetled captain at Gaines' Mill and Majorat Malvern Hill. Later assigned to the corps of engineers he served in the Maryland campaign of South Mountain and Antietam and subse^ the same relations to the social autonomy of the Executive mpns'on as the President does to the official superstructure of the Government He holds supreme official rank as The President. She occup:es the supreme place in the social world as the First Lady of the Land. In this relation she never returns a call, although she enjoys socially greater latitude of individual freedom than The President. She gives informal social entertainments, to which she may invite ladies of suitable rank in official or social life. She holds "Drawing Rooms" in her character as Presiding Lady of the mansion, open to all, and may hold informal receptions for the gratification of strangers in the city. She may set apart an hour during the day or evening for an "At home " to personal lady acquaintances and their friends accompanied by gentlemen She may give social entertainments to ladies of her acquaintance by invitation She can appear as a pii vate lady at a special entertainment of a lady friend and may give her patronage to suitable public enterprises of ladies in the interest^ of charity. She may with propriety entertain visiting lady guests residing in the mansion as part of the fan.ily for the time being of the Executive household. She IS properly addressed by her husband's surname. The first fashionable season of the new administration had passed when the young and beautiful daughter of Oscar Folsom, of Buffalo, the friend and bus mess associate of Grover Cleveland, on the second day of June, i8S6 in the Executive Mansion, became the bride of the twenty-second President of the United States. She was but twenty-two years of age, and the youngest of the entire line of her predecessors to preside over the households of the Presi- dents as wife. That honor was previously enjoyed by Julia Gardiner, of New \ ork, who was twenty-three when she became the second wife of Presiden t John Tyler. A honeymoon amid the picturesque crests of the Alleghenies, a weddin- reception at the White House, and a solstice holiday jaunt in the cool altitudes of the Ad.rondacks occupied the next three months. Returr.ing to the capi- tal the President again buried himself in the perplexing cares of government THE WIFE OF THE PRESIDENT. II while the bride-wife, duly installed as the queen of the social realm, arranged the intricate details of the State and social entertainments which were to char- acterize the first season at the Executive Mansion under her regime. As a maiden, Frances Folsom Cleveland had had no experience in the con- ventionalities and duties of ordinary social life beyond that of any other young unmarried lady not long out of her teens. The past season was there- fore not only her debut in the social sphere as wife, but in the more exact- ing place of First Lady of the Land. It was for her a brilliant triumph. The youthful innocence and ardor of her life, her beauty of form and features, the simple elegance of her toilets, her heroic persistence in standing at her post even after the conventional limits of her Drawing Rooms had expired, so that none .should be disajipointed, the unaffected sunshine of her manner towards her personal friends, her queenly grace and gentleness during the rigorous ettiquete of State cccasions, carried fashionable life by storm. The social environments of no President have ever been more attractive, and at the same time mindful of the proprieties of the place. 'His young wife has added vastly to the popularity of his administration among all clashes of tjfficial and social life, and strangers at the capital. In the beginning of the season, when the programme of social entertain- ments at the Executive Mansion was under consideration, it was found neces- sary to draw the line somewhere in order to avoid the jealousies and intrigues which had made some former seasons very unsatisfactory. With the approba- tion of the President, it was arranged that the receiving party with Mrs. Cleveland at the receptions of the President should be limited to tiie ladies of the Cal)inet, and the lady guests of the President's household. Tiie receiving ])arty with Mrs. Cleveland at her drawing rooms were restricted to the ladies of the Cabinet and their daughters, and the wives of the President pro tern. cf the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. State dm- ners, embracing the Cabinet, the Diplomatic Corps, and the Supreme Court, included outside of those circles two or three Senators and Representatives of appropriate committees of Congress, the General of the Army, the senior chief of the Naval iJureaus and guests from outside of the city, the ofticial position and not the individual determinmg the question of recognition in state enter- tainments. The guests at the elegant luncheons given by Mrs. Cleveland to her lady friends were invited in the same way. Another source ot great popularity was the informal receptions given by Mrs. Cleveland at noon on certam days for an hour to strangers in the city. This was an innovation upon the customs of former social regimes which cap- tured the transient jjublic traveling for pleasure, and sent many strangers in the city back to their homes to enthusiastically circulate the praises of the ^2 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. young, l.eautiful and winning wife of ,he President. From a social sta-d point the administration after the first gay season would be voJed another term by an overwhelming majority. The informal and responsive manner in which Mrs Cleveland always re ceived her guests, invariably made a lasting impression upon those who en- joyed a glance of her laughing eye, her winning smile, and half-way advanc ing greeting. The geniality of the ensemble of her mode of welcoming her guests, won for it the playful characterization of "The Mrs. Cleveland Shake ' It was original, graceful, cordial and captivating. Each guest durin- recep- tions entermg from the Red Room into the audience parlor was m'^et by a quick glance, a half step forward, a cordial extending of the hand, a slight in- clinat.on of the body and queenly pose of the head, a word of welcome and a receding to original position. In her personal intercourse with the outer world, Mrs. Cleveland has con- formed her own actions to the rule the President applied to himself, of never going out except to the houses of members of the Cabinet, and even making that an exception rather than a rule. This at once closed the door to all ieal ■ ousies and rivalries which disturbed many former administrations The tact and discretion shown in her ceremonial, social, or even informal relations with members of official or fashionable life at the entertainments of the Executive Mansion, has been remarkable. She is quick and sparkling as a conversa- tionahst, and yet preserves that mastery of her words and presence of mind in advancing or receiving suitable subjects of conversation, which is a happy giftforoneinherplace, where every utterance is weighed and commented upon. Those coming in contact with her socially are soon put at ease She talks freely and with youthful vivacity, and listens earnestly and with manifest mterest to all that is being said lo her. She is ever considerate of the feel- mgs and comfort of others. With a finished education, she combines many accomplishments, among these a knowledge of French and German which she often finds of great convenience, and a strong point of attraction to the members of the Diplomatic Corps and their ladies, and foreign visitors on occasions of their presence at the Executive Mansion. She is not only a studious reader of standard books in her native tongue, but also in French and Ger- man. She keeps up with current affairs, literature, politics, and news by the reading daily newspapers, the leading American magazines, and illustrated IvOndon papers. The last of the ladies in the mutations of time and politics to preside over the social regime of the household of the President, is one of the most remarkable women who has ever filled that exalted place, and is an honor to the nobihty and adaptibility of American womanhood of the present genera- THK WIFK OK THK PRESIDF.NT, I3 tion. It speaks well for free institutions and llic daugliters of America, that the growth of a single century of practical experiment has jiroduced a woman of jiiuth and inexperience who from tiie ordinary walks cf life can be lilted in a day to the very' pinnacle of rank, and aciiuit herself as she has done. In coni]iosure, dignity, and grace, she stands on an equality with the many cele- brated women, trained in the school of official life, and often in the whirl of court life at the capitals of foreign nations, ^\ho have filled the sanr.e social sphere which she now occui^ies. There can be no fear for a nation when the people furnish the (jutens to reign in the social realm of the sovereign power under the Constitution. The domestic life of the President is simple. He entertains an instinctive antagonism towards display and goes through the social round of his station from a sense of duty. His habits in his private household conform to the painstaking daily routine of his official life. He rises between seven and eight, a. m., when he wiles away the time until breakfast with his mail. He eats his morning meal in the private dining rcom with Mrs. Cleveland and guests of the family at nine, a. m., but leaves as soon as he has finished taking about a half an hour and goes at once to his office and begins the work of the clay, generally examining papers or writing letters until ten, a. m. He then gives two hours and a half, except on Cabinet days, Saturdays and Sun- days, to officials. Senators and Representatives, and others by card. Then follows a visit to the East Room, except on Cabinet days and Saturdays, to receive the assembled callers, usually strangers i i the city, frequently three or four hundred persons. Lunch at 1.30, p. m., takes about fifteen minutes. He then returns to his office, working with unabated zeal until 4, at which hour he takes a drive with his private Secretary, returning in time for dinner at 7 p. ni. The dinner ii informal as to dress unless guests are present. \Vine is never served except when guests accustomed to its use are at the table. The family dinner rarely exceeds an hour in duration. The President, who never smokes in his office, and gentlemen guests retire to the corridor adjoining the Library up stairs, to enjoy a single cigar. After a few minutes conversation with Mrs. Cleveland and guests, he usually returns to the Li- brary, giving four or five hours to his work before retiring. Six or seven hours sleep is his usual modicum of nature's sweet restorer. There is a domestic phase to the President's character, which has Ijecn much misunderstood, although illustrated from his earliest boyhood in his loyalty to home ties. Though but sixteen years of age when his father died, his con- stant thoughts during his early struggles in life were upon the comfort of his widowed mother in her home at Holland Patent, and he never failed to con- triljute towards her support even from the ineagerness of the rewards of his 14 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. labor. A library " Donaled in mt-'inory of Mrs. Anne Cleveland by her chil- dren," was contriljuted Ijy him in execution of her wish before her death to do something as a mirk of appreciation of the kindness of the villagers of Holland Patent in her days of grief and despair. The official, social, and domestic econoiiiy of the Executive establisiiment of tliis mighty cluster of State sovereignties represents three distinct spheres of importance and activity. The President manages the administrative affairs of the Nation in the suite of apartments for official use in the East end of the mansion, on the second floor. A corridor draws the line of demarcatiDn be- tween the public and the private portions of the building where Mrs. Cleve- land holds sway. The sumptuous parlors and drawing-rooms below repre- sent the ceremonial and social life which respond to occasions of State or etiquette, in levees, audiences of diplomats, drawing-rooms, jjublic receptions, and informal calls of friends. In tlie subterranean seclusion of the domestic offices the Steward of the Household, William T. Sinclair, of Buffalo, the Chef Constant Perin, the hero of the Cuisines cf the Cafe Rich and Hotel du Rhin, Paris, and the Manhattan and Brooklyn clubs, and the Florist, Henry Pfister, a graduate of the conservatories of Recheberg, the palace of an opu- lent Swiss banker of Zuricli, materialize the elements of happiness in the family household, and arrange the triumphs of official dining, and State gath- erings. The gastronomic economy of the Executive mansion in the diurnal revolu- tions of that portion of the earth's surface over which the President of the United States presides representing llie three epiclis: Breakfast at 9, a. m., luncheon at 1.30, and dinner at 7, p. m., begins the day with a breakfast of three dishes, fish, a steak and eggs with coffee; divides the day with a luncheon of cold meats and broiled small feathered game in season and makes its great achievement at the family dinner — oysters, raw, a soup, fisli, an en- tree, perhaps a sweet-bread, a releve, a roast and vegetables, terrapin, an en- tremet sucre, perhaps a pudding or a jelly, pastry, ice cream, nuts, fruit, and coffee. If])eople think that the President is not sociable in his official prison life in the White House, they do not know him. He is warm-hearted and compan- ionable in his hours of leisure from the routine of his high place. He is fond of his friends, and always has a great deal of company. As a bachelor, a friend or two at dinner was a regular occurrence, to which he now adds the friends of Mrs. Cleveland. The President is also a good liver. His greatest fondness is for game in season. Among the guests of the Executive Mansion during the past winter were Mrs. Mary Cleveland Hoyt, the President's second, and Miss Rose Elizabeth THE WIFE OF THE PRESIDENT. 15 Cleveland, his youngest sisters. Mrs. Iloyt — there being but two years difler- ence in their ages — slie being the elder, was more associated witli the boy- hood of the President than any of the other members of the family. Wlien Rev. Richard Cleveland removed to Holland Patent, N. Y., to assume the Presbyterian pastorate, of that place in September, 1853, Mary Cleveland was to be married the following month to W. E. Hoyt, now cashier of the Fay- ctteville Iiank. Grover Cleveland, then a boy of sixteen, one morning started in a carriage with his sister to drive to Utica, fifteen miles distant, where she wished to make some purchases for her wedding trousseau. While awaiting her in her shoppmg he was overcome with sorrow by the announcement on the street that his father had died suddenly. The grief-stricken sister and brother hastened back to the afflicted household at Holland Patent. Mrs. Cleveland died just before the election of her son to the governorship. When Grover Cleveland became Governor of New York he invited Mrs. Hoyt to preside over his bachelor household. She complied with his request, and spent most of her time with him at Albany. She would have come with him to Washington wlien he became President, but for the distance between the capital and her own home, at I-'ayettevilie. For three weeks immediately after his inauguration she remained with him organizing his household. She was very popular, and her inability to remain was greatly regretted by those who had met her. Miss Cleveland also spent some days at the Executive Mansion. During the fourteen months of her reign as presiding lady of the domestic household of the President before his marriage, she made many friends, and her pres- ence was the occasion of a series of appropriate social entertainments at the White House and among society people. Her varied intellectual activities since she handed over the high social honors she enjoyed to the young wife of the President, have kept her from falling back into the great mass of humanity, the common fate of those who shine in the reflected light of accidental pre em- inence. She is a woman of individuality, force, and restless energy, with a radicalism of opinion backed by imbounded courage of utterance. The death of her father in 1853, when she was but seven years of age, leav- ing her mother in the usual indigence of a rural pastor's widow, drew out in her that characteristic of the Cleveland family, a strong sense of filial duty. The emergencies which overcame the household aroused her aml)ition. Four years cf her life as student and teacher at Houghton Seminary, laily Principal at the Collegiate Institute, cf Lafayette, Indiana, and teacher in a private school at Lebanon, Pa., gave her the necessary intellectual training for the lecture field, which she was about to enter, when the logic of events carried her brother into the gubernatorial chair of New York, and a year after into 1 6 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. the Chief Magistrate's seat of tlie Republic, and herself to the highest place of social prominence at All)any, where she often relieved her elder sister, Mrs. Hoyt, and at Washington. Since her retirement from these spheres of official and social life, she has made her own personality felt in the walks of literature. Out of the harvest of her success she has made the homestead at I loUand Pat- ent her own, and though not her birthplace, has surrounded herself and her life work with the endearing memories of the last days of her aged mother. With Mrs. Cleveland a great source of delight is to give pleasure to others, not only to her newly-made acquaintances in Washington, but to friends held by the close associations of school days and maidenhood. The President, in the midst of his manifold official duties, has been equally thoughtful of those who, in the ordinary walks of life in former days, were more closely associated with huu in business relations or friendship. The presence of such guests was among the happy incidents in the life of the Executive household during the past winter. Of these were Mrs. George J. Sicard, of Buffalo, wife of the President's former law partner, and Mrs. Charles W. Goodyear, wife of one of the President's Buffalo friends and later a member of the Cleveland firm. Both ladies were accompanied by their hus- bands. At several of the drawing rooms of Mrs. Cleveland at the height of the season theseladies, who were guests at the same time, were in the receiv- ing party and attracted great attention. The elegance of their toilettes, their beauty and grace of manner were themes of pleasant comment in the whirl of fashionable life which gathered at the White House on social occasions or in the circles of private life. Mrs. Goodyear, a woman of rare symmetry of fig- ure, was one of the group of feminine beauties of the season. Mrs. Cleveland's personal guests during the winter were Miss Virginia Kingsford, an exceedingly charming young lady, daughter of Thomas Kings- ford, of Oswego, the great starch manufacturer. She was Mrs. Cleveland's class and room mate at Wells College for four years ; Miss Natalie Sternberg, of Buffalo, an intimate friend from girlhood; Miss Ida Gregg, also of Buffalo, daughter of a prominent physician, another close friend, and Miss Carlton Rogers Jewett, a friend from childhood, wife of a well-known physician of Buffalo, and daughter of N. Holland, a lumber merchant. An interesting feature of the surroundings of the Executive household is the social circle in which the mother of Mrs. Cleveland is the central figure. The solicitude of the President for the comfort and happiness of this charming lady in a home where she might feel independent inspired the purchase and mod- ernization of the old farm-house on the Tennallytown road. " Oak View," the country seat of the President, occupies a conspicuous elevation between two and three miles north-west of the city, and commands THE WIFE OK THE I'KESIDENT. 17 a sweep of vision which embraces tlie picturesque regions of Rock Creek, the capita', wi.h glimpses here and there of the bright surface of the Potomac, and the hi!ls of Virginia beyond. The changes f.om the old time stone coun- try house were radical enough to give the ancient structure quite a striking appearance. The eighteen rooms and wide halls within, were also improved. A reception room, parlors, library, a study, dining-hall and kitchen occupy the first floor, three sleeping apartments with dressing-rooms are on the floor above, and four spacious cliambcrs in the attic. The household of "Oak View" consists of Mrs. Folsom and her niece, May Iluddlcston, and servants. The President and Mrs. Cleveland were almost daily visitors, sometimes returning to the White House for dinner, and often remaining all night. Mrs. Emma Folsom, whose father was Elisha Harman, and mother as a maiden, Ruth Rogers, was born at AVheatland, New Vork. She became the bride of Oscar Folsom in 1863, or six years be- fore the formation of the law firm of Lanning, Cleveland & Folsom. Mr. Folsom was killed by being thrown from a carriage about 1875. Mrs. Fol- som is of middle age and remarkably well preserved. She has a smiling countenance and intensely bright black eyes. She is not as tall as her daugh- ter, but of rounder form. She would not betaken for the mother of Mrs. Cleveland as their resemblance is not even remotely striking. The social life of "Oak View" has since its occupancy by Mrs. Folsom, been confined to ''Drawing Rooms," from il a. m. to I p. m., on Wednes- days, upon which occasions large numbers of the oflicial and fashionable cir- cles gather there to enjoy social intercourse. The President and Mrs. Cleve- land will pass the summer there, he driving into the city in the morning and returning in the evening. Mrs. Lamont, the wife of the Private Secretary to the President, is an al- most daily and always welcome visitor to the Executive Mansion, and is one of the most popular ladies in Washington society. She was Julia Kinney, the daughter of Orson A. Kinney, a Cortland county farmer. She completed her education at the Elmira Female College, and in 1874 became the wife of Daniel Lamont, the friend and companion of her childliood and youth, and removed to Albany, where her young husband was in the Department of State, a jour- nalist, and rising politician of the Tiklcn school. Mrs. Lamont is another forcible illustration of the strength and charms of American womanhood. She was prominently associated with the social life of the President's house- hold during the first and second fashionable seasons after his inauguration. She frequently assisted Miss Cleveland at her receptions when Presiding lady, and is now the most favored lady friend of Mrs. Cleveland She is a person of average height, and very prepossessing. She is a fine convtr- 2 15 SOCIETY ]X WASHINGTON. sationalist, and is always well-informed on current affairs of official and social life. Jler " Drawing Rooms " were among the most largely attended and attractive of the season. She dresses in excellent taste. Her two l)eau- tiful little flaxen-haired daughters, Julia and Bessie, three and five years of age respectively, are great favorites with the President. Mrs. Lamont's mother was Julia Greenman, daughter of Homer Green- man, of Block Island, off Rhode Island, who early in the century drove with all his possessions in a wagon to Cortland county, where he was one of the first settlers, and a man of influence and importance. FOUNDING A SOCIAL KEPUIiLIC. I9 CIIAPTKR IV. Founding a Social Republic. Anxiety of tresident Washington to properly inaugurate the offi- cial AND SOCIAL AUTONOMY OF THE GOYERN.MKN T — THi; PEOPLE UNAC- CUSTOMED TO THE CONVENriONALITlKS OF CEREMONIAL INTERCOURSE — THE FIRST PRESIDENT PROPOUNDS CERTAIN QUERIES ON PROPRIETY AND ETIQUETTE — JOHN ADAMS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JOHN JAY, AND JAMES MADISON INYITED TO RESPOND — THEIR YIEWS — THE ADOPTION OF A SYS- TEM OF OFFICIAL AND SOCIAL ETKjUETTE — PRESIDENT JEFFERSON FORM- ULATES A COMMUNISTIC CODE OK MANNERS — RETURN TO THE OLD SYS- TEM— WASHINGTON OFFICIAL AND SOCIAL USAGES THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY. ?HE social usages of Washington not only had their origin in the incep- tive movements of the new order of things at the capital, then New York, tj^"^ but were an essential part of the administrative methods necessary to the execution of the provisions of the new Constitution and the statutory enactments of the first and succeeding Congresses. When General Washington assum- ed the reins of government as President in April, 1789, hefound himself more embarrassed by the social than by the official (questions involved in the exercise of the supreme functions of his office. Ho felt that the eyes not only of his fel- low-citizens, but of the civilized world were upon him, and therefore, in launching the new ship of State, the elevation oftlie Chief Executive power of the nation to a high plane of authority and dignity was to him of paramount importance. Under such circumstances the position of Washington was one of extreme delicacy. The social status of the Presidential office and therefore of the whole descending scale of official life was without rule or precedent. The peo- ple were unaccustomed to the conventionalities of official station. They were without that experience in the common law of higher social proprieties which would have greatly relieved the President in the performance of his arduous and grave duties. As an instance of the absence of all ceremony in the attain- ment of personal ends, it is related by Washington himself that his house was thronged day and night with people making calls of etiquette or in pursuit of office. The eager crowds lorccd their way into the private apartments of tlie President. Even Mrs. Washington's bed chamber was not spared from in- trusion. These early experiences satisfieachelor — setupthe same claims to precedence on formal occasions. In this case the President took the matter in hand and, having invited his sister to preside over his household, omitted from the list of the re- ceiving party at his first levee the wife of the Vice-President, which was an emphatic rejection of her claims. A great deal of loose liu^rature, masculine and feminine, was expended in both cases in support uch an opinion. The use of titles in tlie United States, having been restricted in the very- first days of the Government to the simple constitutional or statutory desig- nation of the office, has never been deviated from since. The form.il style or addressing any officer in his official capacity in writing is therefore simply by the title of his office, and nothing else. In conversation the complimentary title Mr. is prefixed by usage and propriety to the designations of civil or judicial office, as Mr. President, Mr, Secretary, Mr. Justice, Mr. Senator. In an official communication of a personal character, it is proper to use the fim- l)le name of the individual with the title of his ofiice added. Usage has allowed in the United S.ates the prefix of title " Honorable" to the name of the official with the title of his office added. The title "Honorable" in England applies to younger sons of noblemen, the elder sons taking the title of the house or family rank. It also applies to members of Parliament and other persons holding places of honor and trust. The title "Honorable" therefore is a subordinate one, and the lowest in the scale of titles of rank in foreign countries. In the United States it is never applied to the President, Vice President or Chief Justice, but is used by custom and courtesy in addressing elective officers, as Senators and Repre- sentatives, and the higher officials holding office from the President and confirmation by the Senate. It also applies to Governors of States, Judges of courts, and Mayors of cities. Its abuse is its promiscuous application to State legislators and others not in national office or chief office in States. It is not American, however, in any sense, nor in harmony with tlie rigid doctrine established by the Constitution and the First Congress. Its use i)laccs every official. National or State, of the United States in the estimation of the world on a level with the younger sons of nobdity, an objection in the First Congress to using "Highness" as applied to the President, because it lowered him before the world to the level of foreign princes and sons and daughters of crowned heads. It is more in accordance with the spirit of American institu- tions to adhere to the theory of the first discussion of the subject. If the 34 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. name of the official he used it should be without prefix or suffix of title, followed by the title cf the office as Grover Cleveland, President of the United States ; John Sherman, Senator of the United States, or Thomas F. Bayard, Secretary of State; or another form as Senator Evarts, Speaker Carlisle, Representative Randall, and so on. The use of "Esquire" is equally out of place among Americans. The title " Esquire" in England is applied to still younger sons of noblemen, officers of tlie King's courts, counsellors-at-law, justices of the peace, sheriffs, and " other gentlemen." The title of courtesy permissible as in entire symphony with the spirit of American institutions is Mr. The Supreme Court of the United States, from the begiiining of its history, has used the forn\ of address, Mr. Chief Justice — or Mr. Justice — in writing or in conversation. This is sanctioned by the authority of the court itself. Their ladies are also addressed in the same form, by the same authority, as Mrs. Chief Justice , or Mrs. Justice . The form of address for an American Diplomatic Minister, in use by the Department of State, is singularly enough Esqr., and not even "Honorable." The lilies of military or naval rank are indispensable to discipline, authority and administration. One of the much-discussed and perplexing problems of social life at the capital, where some of the most prominent ladies belong to one of the many official circles, is their proper form of address. In Washington society the wives of officials use the titles of their husbands, with Mrs. prefixed. This custom is part of the lex non scripta of social practices in official life. It has been found necessary to adopt this form for the identification of the ladies in official society, in the minds of the mass of strangers and transient persons who mingle in Washington social life during the fashionable season. It there- fore has the strong endorsement of convenience. It would doubtless be more euphonious to use simply the married surname, prefixed by Mrs. But this might apply to wives of individuals in high office, and consequently widely known by name, but to ladies whose husbands are of less note, and of sub- ordinate official rank, the first form has its advantages. Among strangers it dispenses with explanations. They then know at once with whom they are mingling. In other cases it is unnecessary to sandwich an official title be- tween Mrs. and the lady's name. Every ore knows who is meant by Mrs. Cleveland, and so on through the list of brilliant women who ornament the social circles of official life. Therefore to say Mrs. President Cleveland, or the same in the case of the wives of well-known personages of official rank, would be unnecessary. But, as a rule, it would be indispensable to a knowl- edge of the official place of a majority of ladies to say, Mrs. Senaior , Mrs. Representative , Mrs. Comptroller , or to make the same use of the title of any other officer of Presidential appomtment and Senatorial THE CABIN KT. 35 confirmation, in speaking of his wife. The inadvCitence or unreasonableness of the persons who criticise this convenient form for the identification of persons in the feminine circles of official rank, is best characterized by calling their attention to the accepted use, under similar circumstances, of professional titles among the wives of professional men, as Mrs, Rev. , Mrs. Doctor . The use of titles in the form indicated for woman, has, therefore, neces- sarily become pari of the social institutions of the Government, and has al- ways had the sanction ofusage and the endorsement of convenience. This rule, however, does not apply to daughters, as custom has never accorded any other than the titles of courtesy in good society to the daughters or other lady members of the families of officials. The President and Mrs. Washington, the First Congress, and the first Chief Justice and Associate Justices and their ladies laid the foundations of the social superstructure of the three coordinate branches of the Government, and mar'.^ed out the line of the sub- ordinate official and unofficial customs at the National Capital, from which there has since been no material departure. CHAPTER VI. The Cabinet. The administration — the order of precedency of the cabinet in THE official SCALE — THE PREMIER — SECRETARY HAYARD — THE BAYARD FAMILY — HIS FOREIGN POLICY — THE NK.W SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY — MR. FAIRCHILD— MRS. FAIRCHILD — EX-SECRETARY AND MRS. MANNING — SECRETARY AND MRS. ENDICOTT — ATTORNEY GENERAL GARLAND — POSTMASTER GENERAL AND MRS. VILAS — SECRETARY AND MRS. WHITNEY — SECRETARY AND MRS. LAMAR. uT^ HE President and the Cabinet entrusted with the execution of the Tul laws, and the direction of public affairs are collectively designated ^^ The Administration. To overcome the dangers incident to the statutes regulating the Presiden- tial succession led to the first designation by Congressional enactment, Janu- ary 19, 1886, of an order of precedence affecting the members of the Caljinet of the President. Previously their arrangement at meetings in counsel with the President upon affairs of state and upon other official and ceremonial occa- sions was by seniority of date of elevation of the office into an executive de- partment. This rule gave the members of the Cabinet their order of jirece- dence, viz: Secretary of State (the Premier,) Treasury, War, Navy, Postmaster General, Secretary of the Interior, and Attorney General. The 36 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. repeal of the old law designating the President pro. tein. of the Senate, or, if none, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, ex officio heirs presump- tive to the Presidency in case of removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the President and Vice President of the United States, under the act of 1886, substituted as the line of succession the Secretary of State, Treas- ury, War, the Attorney General, the Postmaster General, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Interior. This statutory declaration restored the first five cabinet ministers to their order of precedence in the cabinet of the first President and added those since created in the order of seniority. This statute being the recognized de- gree of proximity of each officer named to the Chief Executive office of the nation he takes precedence, or rank accordingly in the administration and its ceremonial and social affairs. The official authority of a member of the Cabinet does not extend beyond the jurisdiction of his own Department. His social prerogatives do not give him the exclusiveness of the President's official household. He should make the first call of etiquette upon the Vice President, Chief, and Justices of the Supreme Court, and Senators, and receive the first call from all others. He returns calls in person or by card. The ladies are governed by the same rules. The ladies of the Cabinet hold their Drawing Rooms for receiving residents and strangers in good society. The Cabinet Minister usually holds one or more receptions by card, during the season. The Secretary of State, in his position as Primier of the Administration, enjoys prerogatives not common to other members of the Cabinet, and is charged with special duties ol an official, ceremonial and social nature. He has charge of the arrangement of all State occasions not social, in which the President is the principal. He greets, in the name of the President, a mem- ber of a royal family, or ruler of a foreign state visiting the Capital. Is pres- ent during his call of etiquette, and attends the President in returning the visit. He arranges the audiences accorded Diplomatic Ministers in present- ing their credentials, or taking leave. He has also certain social obligations not imposed upon his colleagues. He gives the Representatives of Foreign Governments residing near the Government at Washington, a Diplomatic breakfast immediately after the New Year's call of the Corps upon the Presi- dent. He also, during the social season, entertains the members of the for- eign Legations, and their ladies at a Diplomatic reception, or series of din- ners, upon which occasions the ministers and ladies appear in full dress. The Premier of the administration, Thomas Francis Bayard, of Delaware, Secretary of State, is descended from a long line cf ancestors numbered among the gallant knights and courtiers conspicuous in the wars of France THE CABINKT. 37 duriiig tile sixteenth and seventeenth, and statesmen prominent in colonial, rev(>lutionary and national affairs in America during the eighteenth and nine- teenth centuries. Ore of three Hayards, brothers, who entered the Reformed faith in France and fled to Holland to escape religious persecution early in the seventeenth century, became the husband of Anna, the widowed sister of Peter Stuyvesant, the Governor of New Amsterdam. With her three sons and one d lughter she landed in America with her valiant brother, the Governor of the Dutcli possessions. Petrus, the youngest of these sons, was naturalized in Maryland in 1684. It was his grandson, James Ashton Bayard, the grand- father of Secretary Bayard, who made Thomas Jefferson President of the United States by changing his vote in the House of Representatives in 1801. Mr. Bayard, who is fifty-eight, was the third in consecutive line in his family, who for forty-three years had served in the Senate of the United States. As a Senator, Mr. Bayard resided sixteen years in Washington; therefore, when he entered the Cabinet the ladies of his family were well known to Wash- ington society. The sudden death of his beautiful daughter Katherine, at the height of the season of 1885-6, whose accomplishments in languages had made her a great favorite in all circles, and the death of his wife two weeks after, was not only an overwhelming family affliction, but an irreparable loss to the social life of the capital. Mrs. Louisa Bayard, whose marriage took place in 1853, ^^'"^^ a daughter of Josiah Lee, a retired India merchant and banker of Baltimore. She was the mother of twelve children, nine of whom, six girls and three boys, grew up. Annie Francis Bayard, a very beautiful young lady, has just passed twenty, and Florence, equally beautiful, has just closed her teens. Louisa is nearly eighteen, and would have entered society during the past season but for the double mourning which still overhung the family circle. Nellie, attending school in Boston, resides with her eldest sister, Mabel, Mrs. Warren, wife of Samuel D. Warren, jr., attorney-at-law. Miss Anne or Nannie Bayard, who presides over her father's household, is a young lady of varied attractions of manner and culture, but is more particularly celebrated as being the finest horsewoman in Washington. She is entirely fearless, and can manage the most spirited animal. Her exploits in hurdle jumping and fox hunting are not only marvelous, but thrilling. Florence who is a bru- nette, more closely resembles her sister Katherine. She is a bright, loveable ycung lady, and domestically inclined. The Secretary's son James, an ex- ceedingly brilliant young man, is secretary for the Territory of Arizona. He inherits the politics of his family. Thomas and Philip, two younger sons, are at school. Secretary Bayard has never been a georgeous entertainer, but his iiouse has always been the center of attraction of the most select and cultivated jxro- 38 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. pie in society. His manners are courtly, and his conversation interesting and varied. He is a man of distinguished presence. Hisface, which is smooth- shaven, combines in expression a pleasing contrast of the lights ot kindly in- stincts with the shadings of a thoughtful mind. His chief recreation is horse- manship, in which he is expert, and always keeps fine animals for equestrian enjoyment. In his high office of Secretary of State, he has been to the President a prudent counselor in the management of the delicate, and often intricate, questions growing out of international relations and policy. He has been roundly charged by critics of being un-American in his ideas and leanings, when absolutely the reverse has been the fact. In the rejection by Austria of the cast-off American Diplomatic Representative to Italy, he resented with de- cided epistolary vehemence the right of a foreign government to apply a re- ligious test to an American Minister, in contravention of the letter of the Constitution of the United States and the spirit of American institutions. jVus- Iria has just shown her desire to cultivate a renewal of representation by send- ing a new diplomatic minister to Washington. In a controversy with Mevico, he denied the right of a foreign government to punish a citizen of the United States for an offense committed on American territory, and coerced that gov- ernment into an ulterior charge of circulating libel on Mexican soil, which fur- nished a loophole of exit from unpleasant diplomatic relations between the two Republics. In the protection of American interests during the burning of Panama, and in the correspondence logically ensuant to the prompt un- asked occupation of the unfortunate Isthmian metropolis by United States forces, and harbor by an American fleet, in warlike array, he gave a pointedness of presentation of the Monroe doctrine and the American view of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty far in advance of anything ventured upon by the American Government. In the fishery complications he has from the beginnmg asserted the rights of American fishermen in Canadian waters, under treaty stipulations. His desire to go further \vas embarrassed by the interpretation placed by Secretary Fish upon the treaty of 1818, under which the right to do certain things was renounced by the United States, and Great Britain relinquished her right under the treaty of r783, of free naviga tion of the Mississippi river. The treaty of Washington, he maintained, simply preserved the modus rivendi of certain things not yielded. The same intelligent action has attended the organization of the Diplomatic Service, the chief courts having representative men of the dominant party in Executive affairs. Having for more than a year performed the duties ot Secretary of the Treas- ury, it was a fitting recognition of Assistant Secretary Charles Stebbins Fair- THK CABINET. 39 child, that he sliould succeed Mr. Manning upon liis lelircment from thai office. Mr. Fairchild, a native of Cazenovia, was born in 1S42. Having completed a collegiate education and a course of law, in 1871, he became junior member of the law firm of Hand, Hale, Schwartz & Fairchild, of Albany. In 1868 he began his political career by organizing the Democratic pr\rty of his native couniy, as chairman of its committee, in support of Horatio Seymour, for President, running for the State Senate himself. He was Deputy Attorney General of New York by appointment. As a recognition of his abilit)- he was nominated and elected Attorney General in 1876. Having served this out he spent two years in Europe. He was President of the Charities Aid Association of the State, and Vice-President of the Charity Organization So- ciety of the City of New York. Both are corporate bodies, the former with power:; conferred by the State to investigate any of the public eleenxosynary establishmeiits, and are well known throughout the entire civilized world. In 1880 he began the practice of law in New York, in which he continued until his invitation, in 1885, to the second place in the administration of the fiscal department of the Government by Secretary Manning. Secretary Fairchild is in the vigor of health. He is a man of quick percep- tions and an analytical mind. He is one of the seven youngest persons who hr.ie filled the post of Secretary of the Treasury. The youngest was Alex- ander Hamilton, Washington's first Secretary, who was thirty-two; Wolcott, the second, was thirty-five; and Dexter and Gallatin, third and fourth, were forty; Bristow, was forty-one; Crawford was forty-four, which was also the age of Secretary Fairchild. Had the appointment been made April 30, in- stead of April I, he would have been forty-five, the ages of Rush, McLane, and Woodbury. During the canal ring investigations in New York, he was closely associated with Samuel J. Tilden, who had great confidence in his judgment and abilities, and always favored his political advancement He is sound on financial questions, sustains the administration position on silver, and is a tariff reformer. He is conservative, however, in his treatment of public quest'ons coming within the jurisdiction of his department, and is not given to hobbies. He sets the example of promptness at his office. In so- ciety he is not very demonstrative, but is a man of agreeable manners in offi- cial or social intercourse He is a close observer, and not aggressive in con- versation, lieing more of a listener than a talker. He is striking in appear- ance, middle-sized, of stocky build, with jet black hair and eyes. He always dresses in excellent taste. Mrs. Fairchild, who is the first lady of the cabinet, the Premier i>eing a widower, was Helen Lincklaen, daughter of Ledyard Lincklaeii, of Cazeno- via, N. v. She is of medium stature, of graceful figure, blonde, with brown 40 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. eyes, and interesting in conversation, but not aggressive, generally acting on the defensive in the general topics of social talk. Her toilettes are in excellent taste Her father was born Lincklaen Ledyard, a son of Jonathan Denise Ledyard. A sister of the latter married John Lincklaen, of Holland, who came to the United States in 1792 as agent of the Holland Land Company, and purchased a tract of land in New York forty by four miles, in the vicinity of Cazenovia. The Ledyards were of the same Groton, Conn., family as Col. William Ledyard, the defender of Fort Griswold, in 1 781, who was pierced through the body by the British commander, after he had surren- dered his sword, and John Ledyard, who circumnavigated the globe with Cap- tain John Cook, and was with him when he was killed by the cannibals of the Sandwich Islands. At the request of his aunt, the widow ot John Lincklaen, the name of Lincklaen Ledyard, was chp.nged to Ledyard Lincklaen. and to the old Lincklaen mansion at Cazenovia, some years before the death of his aunt, he brought his bride. Miss Helen Clarissa Seymour. He was distin- guished for his love of literature and science, being a frequent contributor to the magazines of his day. At the time of his death, in 1864, at forty-three years of age, he was regarded as the leading authority in the geology of the State. Mrs. Fairchild's mother is a sister of Horatio Seymour, and one of six children of Henry Seymour, a gentleman conspicuous in the business and politics of New York, in the early part of the century, who married Mary For- man. The other children are Mary, widow of Rutger B. Miller, John For- man Seymour, Julia, wife of Roscoe Conkling, all resident of Utica, N. Y., and Sophii Seymour, widow of Mr. Shonnard. of Yonkers, N. Y. The Sey- mours are descended from Richard Seymour, an Episcopal clergyman, who came to America from England with the Popham colony, which settled in Maine. His Bible, among the heirlooms of the Hartford branch of the family, shows that he came from Berry Pomeroy Castle, then the property of the Seymour family, of which the Duke of Somerset is a present member. The Ledyards were already connected with the Seymours by several mar- riages before the Revolution, and both families had at the same period inter- married with the Formans of New Jersey. All these families settled in the heart of New York early in .the century. Secretary Fairchild's paternal grandfather, John Fairchild, settled in Madi- son county some years after the Ledyards. He was the printer and publisher of a newspaper. His son, Sidney T., married Helen Childs, daughter of Perry G. Childs, then a prominent lawyer, and Democratic politician, and at one time a State Senator. Mr. Childs came to Cazenovia from Pittsfield, Massachusetts, when a young man. His father, a physician of that pictur- esque town, having given his sons a good education, fitted out two of them, THE CABINET. 4 1 David and Perry G. Childs, with a liorse and chaise, and started them to ,cek their fortunes in the western wilderness. At Utica they sold the chaise and harness. David remained in Utica, where he became a successful banker and business man. Perry, with the horse, continued westward until he reached Cazenovia, where he halted, and began the practice ot law. Here he married Miss Catharine Ledyard, sister of Mrs. John Lincklaen. Sidney T. Fairchild, the Secretary's father, after receiving an education at Hamilton and Union colleges, began the practice of law at Utica, where he resided a short time after his marriage. Upon the death of his father-in-law, Mr. Perry G. Childs, he returneU to Cazenovia and became associated in his profession with Charles Stebbins, the partner of his deceased father in-law, also a prominent Democrat and Stale Senator. He has been a successful law- yer himself, and had much to dc with the development of his section of the State, having been prominently connected with the Great Western Turnpike, then the main highway from New York city westward to Buffalo. He was active in the construction of the railroad from Utica to Syracuse, which after- wards became part of the New York Central Railroad. He has also been more or less connected with that great corporation ever since. He never held any office except that of village trustee, but has always been an earnest Demo- crat, representing his county frequently in State and National conventions. The most noticeable figure in the Cabinet politically was Daniel Manning, and his compulsory retirement on account of sadly impaired health, has been the most sad experience of the President since he entered office. There existed between them a particularly close relation. Their acquaintance grew out of the erratic movements of New York politics, which led to Grover Cleveland's election to the Governorship. The closer acquaintance which fol- lowed culminated in the recognition by the leader of New York politics, of the possibilities of that unexpected, mysterious and unsummoned power be- fore the people. He saw the futility of running any more campaigns on old blood and played-out issues. He saw in the modest and unostentatious head of the civil authority of the State the man of the future. Grover Cleveland is in the Executive Mansion and the Democratic party in control, more through the incipient counsels and subsequent efforts of Daniel Manning, than any other one man. Mr. Manning was more of a party man than the President, and it was not always that their views, from a parly standpoint, were in ac- cord. Before his sudden illness, the presence of the Secretary at the Execu- tive Mansion, out of official hours, was of daily occurence. The President was the conserving influence in the carrying out of the policy of aaministration which had been promisefl in platforms, letters of acceptance, party declama- tion, and inaugural and annual messages. Under the pressure of political 42 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. ififluence, the Secretary was often inclined to yield to greater impetuosity than his convictions of expediency, even from a partisan standpoint, would natur- ally prompt, but he found in the President that same imperturbability of char- acter which first impressed him. The retirement of Mr. Manning withdrew from the counsels of the Presi- dent the sagacious and healthful advice of a devoted friend. He was the politician of the Cabinet. He was reared in the Albany school of politics. It was also the city of his birth, in 1831. He represented the Albany Atlas, the Argus, of which he is now executive proprietor, in the Legislature, and there built up his influence in State and National party affairs. He was in- strumental in the nomination of Samuel J. Tilden to the Governorship in 1874, and was a member of every Democratic State Convention down to the nomi- nation of Grover Cleveland as Governor of New York. He was a member of the New York Democratic State Committee from 1876 to 1884, the last four years being its chairman. He was in the National Convention which nomi- nated Tilden in 1876, Hancock in 1880, and Cleveland in 1884. He conducted the National campaign of 1884 in New York which secured that State to the Democrats. In the control of Stale politics he succeeded Dean Richmond and Samuel J. Tilden. His two years management of the fiscal policy of the Administration was an eminent success. He stood manfully in consistent hostility to the historic and traditional financial heresies of his own party, and from the first moved forward in the line of sound doctrines of finance. On economic questions he displayed a leaning towards the pro-British theories of his party, which were apparently not the understood convictions of his mind when he entered the Department. He surrendered his charge with just pride in having belied partisan croak- ings about panics and financial disorders through his stand on behalf of the financial and business interests of the Nation, as against heresies chiefly in- spired by the purely partisan opposition of a majority of the party in power to the party which in twenty -four years had reared the superstructure of the greatest and most beneficent financial system ever contrived by the ingenuity of men or nations. He left the finances fiimly established upon a gold basis, and the administration of the Department in as good condition as when he assumed the reins of authority. The official society of the Capital also feels the loss of the beautiful wife of the Secretary of the Treasury. Mrs. Manning was Miss Mary Margaretta Fryer, daughter of W. J. Fryer, of Albany, a retired merchant, the marriage taking place in November, 1884, immediately after the announcement of the successful issue of the Presidential campaign. The first Mrs. Manning, Miss Mary Little, a charming lady, of English parentage, died in 1882, leaving two THE CABINET. 43 sons and two daughters. Her eldest son, James Hilton Manning, is manag- ing editor of the Albany Argits, of which his father is president. Her eldest daughter, Anna, is married and living happily in Albany. Miss Mary, who is just passing her teens, was the debutante of the Cabinet circle during the season. This highly educated and gifted young lady is a mild type of htonde, but the chief attiaclion of her beauty is the close feminine resemblance she bears to her distinguished father. She has a well-rounded figure, a pleasing face and engaging manners. The present Mrs. Manning is in the early thirties, a tall, slender and hand- some blonde. She is descended from a branch of the family of Chancellor Livingston, who adir.mistered the oath of office to the first President. She has all the captivating grace and womanly charms of the ladies of those model days of feminine loveliness. During the two years of her residence in Wash- ington she gathered around her a wide circle of friends. Her social en- tertainments were always in great taste. In her departure she carried with her the affectionate and regretful farewells of every member of official and so- cial life. The Secretary ot War, William Crowninshield Endicott, represents the old Puritan stock of Governor John Endicott, who was sent out in 1628 by the Massachusetts Company to take charge of their affairs at Salem. This son of that blue-blooded ancestry was born one hundred and ninety-eight years after on the same spot. Erom 1873 to 18S2 he was Associate Justice of the Su- preme Court of Massachusetts, and in 1S84 President Cleveland chose him as the representative of that better type of Northern Democracy, which regards statesmanship as something more than office farming. The Secretary is a man of middle stature and somewhat gray. In conversation, while reserved, pos- sibly the result of the judicial habit, he is still affable and satisfying. Miss Ellen Peabody, daughter of George Peabody, of Salem, the same stock J.S the great philanthropist of Danvers, became Mrs. Endicott in 1859. She is a tall, stately lady, and a little younger than the Secretary. She re- minds one of the high-born ladies of the olden days. Her daughter, Mary C. Endicott, assists in the social entertainments of the War Secretary's home. She is the embodiment of New England feminine culture. Her figure is of a distinguished mould, and her manners the same. Her face is an index to an intelligent and well- stored mind. Her conversation has a tendency to the aesthetic and philosophic. The mother of Secretary Endicott was a niece of Jacob Crowninshield, of Massachusetts, President Jefferson's Secretary of the Navy, 1805-9. She died when her son was but a child. The Secretary lives and entertains well, .•\mong the guests during the season were Mrs. Knyvett W. Sears, of Boston, sister of Mrs. Endicott and 44 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. of Mrs. \V. P. Mason, with whom Mrs. Cleveland resided when visiting Bos- ton with the President in November, l886. The Attorney-General of the Administration, Augustus H. Garland, is a Tennesseean by birth and Arkansan by consecutive residence of over three decades. He helped to pass the ordinance of secession of his State in 1861 and make laws for the Confederacy. He was refused a seat in the United States Senate in 1867. He gained a suit in the test oath case as to lawyers in ihe Supreme Court of the United States. In 1874 he was elected Governor of Arkansas without opposition, and received a similar mark of confidence in his election to the United States Senate in 1876 and 1882. He was the most progressive of any of the Southern Democratic Senators. He believed in ac- cepting the results of the war as finally settling the issues between the two sections, which had grown out of the difiering views of the statesmen in the infancy of the Constitution. He denounced the Bourbon idea that all past, present and future political wisdom was to be summed up in the resolutions of 1 798. Although fifty-four years of age, the Attorney-General has a much younger appearance. He is of retiring manner, the result of habits of medi- tation and study. In the Senate he was ranked on the Democratic with Ed- munds on the Republican side. When he entered the Cabinet Mr. Garland had been a widower eight years. His mother has charge of his household, which consists of one son and daughter grown and three children at school. Plis eldest daughter, Daisy, will finish her education this year, and will be the Cabinet debutante next season. The Attorney-General is much averse to society. While he is hospitable in a quiet way in his own home, he has never attended any of the social entertainments at the Executive Mansion, and has never worn a full dress coat. His residence is in Little Rock, with a country seat, " Hominy Hill," fifteen miles distant. William Freeman Vilas, who controls the administration of our vast postal service, is one of the most conspicuous figures in Western progressive De- mocracy, believing in tariff reform and the elevation of the public service. He was born in Vermont in 1840. His father, an eminent aud successful lawyer in the Green Mountain State, having a family of boys to rear and educate, settled himself in Madison, Wisconsin, in 185 1, where the State University had been established. The Postmaster- General was precocious in his studies and profession, having entered the University at thirteen, graduated, finished a law course, and won his first case in the Supreme Court at twenty. He served under Grant in the war, and thoi gh a staunch Democrat, was an en- thusiastic friend and admirer of the old hero. In his official position he is thorough and exact, wonderfully quick in perception, with a memory that notes and holds all details, and though decisive and firm, he is considerate and just. THE CAHINET. 45 In society he is companionable, but like most men of his stamp he is averse to {general society, preferring his books and fireside and chosen friends. lie has a striking, professional presence. Mrs. Vilas, who was Anna Matilda Fox, is the daughter of a high-toned Irish born gentleman and physician, who was very prominent in Wisconsin from territorial days till his death in 1884, and held in great esteem through- out the State. Mrs. Vilas is a few years younger than her husband, is petite in figure and composed in manner. Her Drawing Rooms are very popular. Her eldest daughter, Cornelia, or Miss Nellie, as she is familiariiy called, is not quite twenty, but assists her mother in her social duties. She is a moder- ate blonde, with brown hair and a winning face. A quiet, unostentatious dig- nity adds greatly to her attractions. Miss Mary, or Mollie, the younger daughter, is at school, being thirteen. She is a remarkal)ly bright, attractive girl, and for two seasons has been president of a young misses' charitable en- terprise for Christmas. Among the guests of Mrs. Vilas, in Washington, Miss Gertrude Hoyne, daughter of Philip Hoyne, a prominent citizen of Chicago, spent several weeks during the past season, and was a general favorite. She is a brunette of rare beauty, with a grace and sweetness of manner that adds to beauty's charm. Miss Lucia Johnson, of Chicago, a cousin of Mrs. Vilas, was with lier in the holidays. Dr. Charles H. Vilas, brother of the Postmaster- General, and eminent as a physician, in fine practice in Chicago, is also a fre- quent visitor. The Secretary of the Navy, William C. Whitney, is the moneyed man and entertainer of the Cabinet. He hailed from Conway, Mass., when he arrived in New York as a lad starting in life. He is about forty-seven. He reached a professional and political culmination in the brief space of eight years, as Corporation Counsel of New York city, as a leading spirit of the County De- mocracy and an implicable foe to the Tweed ring. He was one of the most active and aggressive managers of the Cleveland campaign of 1884, in New York. He is the youngest looking member of the Cabinet. He is a man of princely liberality in every deserving undertaking. In his department he has the devotion of all the employees. He has not made a single removal, except for flagrant cause. In society he is not only a liberal entertainer, but a man of very ready wit and fine conversational powers. Mrs. Flora Payne Whitney, daughter of the millionaire Senator from Ohio, — married in 1871, is a perfect hostess in presiding over the lavish social en- tertainments of her husiiand. She is a woman of warm affections and great kindness. A blonde of medium stature, graceful, and engaging in conversa- tion. She dresses elegantly and in excellent taste. Her daughter of thirteen, 46 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Pauline, and two bojs are at school. The Secretary occupies the former resi- dence of President Arthur's Secretary of State. In order to adapt it to the social gatherings which he contemplated, he expended $50,000 in adding a ball room and making other improvements. The Secretary keeps up four houses one opposite the Vanderbilt's, in New York, presented to Mrs. Whitney by her brother, which cost $750,000, a commodious summer residence at Lenox, Massachusetts, his Washington residence and a country seat, "Grassland," of 103 acres, which cost $30,000, and $25,000 for improvements, three miles from the capital, and near the President's rural retreat, "Oak View." Secretary Whitney has characterized his official life with the crowning glory of having inaugurated the reconstruction of the Navy on the basis of modern ships and ordnance. He will be known as the father of the Modern Navy of the United States. He has also instituted certain reforms in the manage- ment of the navy-yards and purchase of supplies. Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus Lamar, who figures at the head of the Depart- ment of the Interior, represents the old regime of politics and society at the National Capital. He belongs to the line of old time Southern statesmen. He is a Georgian by birth and education. At different times he filled the chairs of mathematics, literature and law at the University of Mississippi. He was assistant editor of the Southern Revietv, which did more to prepare the Southern mind for sectional antagonisms than any other single influence He was a conspicuous light in Congress during the beginning of President Buchanan's term, and was the contemporary of the men who took the States out of the Union. He was a seceder, soldier and diplomat of the rebellion; a Representative in the Congress of the triumphant Union in 1873, and a Senator in 1877, until he entered the Cabinet. Secretary Lamar is a type of a Southern planter, tall, well-formed, with flowing hair. He is a man of ec- centricity, his spells of abstraction often causing him to find himself in amus- ing situations. The Secretary was in mourning when he took his place in the Cabinet. During the earlier days of the past season his house was open to the social world, his son's wife and his own beautiful daughter presiding. The Secre- tary's re-marriage during the first week in January added an accomplished and attractive wife to the interesting group of ladies in his family. The present Mrs. Lamar was Miss Henrietta Dean, daughter of James Dean, a wealthy planter and politician of Macon, Georgia. As a young lady she was a great belle, combining beauty, wit, and wealth, and had a host of suitors from all parts of the south. Mr. Lamar, who was a friend of her father, enjoyed her acquaintance when he resided at Macon, but he disclaims the romantic rivalry between himself and Judge Holt for the hand of the THE CABIN KT. 47 beautiful Miss Dean. Judge William S. Holt, who married her, was one of the richest men in the State of Georgia when he died, having l)equeathed his wealth to his widow. One of his daughters is tlie wife of Captain R. E. Park, of Macon, another is the wife of W. H. Virgin, of Vineville, a suburb of Macon, and another is the wife of Col. J. E. Jones, also of Macon. The marriage taking place in the first week in January, the social gaities of the season were well advanced by the time the bridal couple reached Wash- ington. The Secretary's house, however, was thronged with callers at the two or three Drawing Rooms which his wife held. The first Mrs. Lamar was V^irginia Longstreet, daughter of Judge Augustus B. Longstreet, of Georgia, President of the University of South Carolina, and later of the University of Mississippi, author of "Georgia Scenes,'' a humor- ous work, and a cousin of Gen. James B. Longstreet, of Confederate fame. Her eldest child, Fannie, is the wife of Edward Mayes, Chancellor of the University of Mississippi, at Oxford, and of which his grandfather was atone time president. The second daughter, Augusta, is the wife of H. F. Heis- kell, a young and talented attorney of Memphis, Tennessee. The third daughter, Virginia, or Jennie, after her mother's death, in 1884, resided with her sister, Mrs. Heiskell, at Memphis, and made her debut there two winters ago. She occasionally visited Washington when her father was in the Senate, but formally entered Washington society in the Cabinet circle of young ladies at the opening of the past season. Miss Lamar has a poetical face, is a blonde of pronounced Southern type, tall and graceful, with a Ijeautiul mouth, and brown, expressive eyes. She is quick in conversation, and, though young, is entirely at home in society, and is a great belle. Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus Lamar, Jr., the only son and second child of Secretary Lamar, after finishing his education, engaged in mercantile pursuits at Oxford, Mississippi. He is now private secretary to his father. Li 1879 he married Miss Katie Lester, daughter of a prominent physician of Oxford, and an ex officer of the Confederate service. Mrs. Lamar, junior, until the Secretary's second marriage, presided over his household Washington, and was very popular. She is a lady of artistic tastes. Her portraits in oil, or crayon, and paintings of ainmals, show decided genius. She has a studio in her house, and gives much time to art. Her son of six years is the fourth direct descendant of the name Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus in the Lamar family. The Secretary, and his bright grandson, amuse themselves nights at fencing, boxing, and wrestling. 48 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. CHAPTER VII. The Diplomatic Corps. The diplomatic circle — its personnel— rules of precedence, cere- mony, AND etiquette — THE DEAN OF THE CORPS — THE CEREMONIAL functions EXERCISED BY COURTESY BY THE DEAN — MR., MRS. AND MADMOISELLE PRESTON — VISCOUNT AND VISCOUNTESS DE NOGUEIRAS — BARON DE FAVA — MR. MELSBROECK — COUNT AND COUNTESS D'ARSCHOT — SIR LIONEL WEST — THE MISSES WEST— MR. AND MRS. EDWARDES — SENOR AND SENORA ROMERO — MR. AND MADAME DE STRUVE — BARON AND BARONESS ROSEN — MR. GREGER — MR. ROUSTAN— COUNT SALA. ^^ U"¥p^IPLOMATIC ministers of thirty of the greater and lesser powers of f^/f l^oth hemispheres reside near the government of the United States, \y^ and constitute one of the interesting features of the higher social life of the American Capital. The personnel of the Diplomatic corps comprises twenty-five Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, two Min- isters Resident, and two charges d' Affaires, with sixteen First Secretaries, sixteen general Secretaries, three counsellors, three chancellors, three Military attaches, two Naval attaches, seventeen diplomatic attaches, two translators, and one interpreter of legation. The rank of Ambassador, the only one having the representative character, does not appear in the Diplomatic Corps at Washington; that of Envoy, ac- credited to the President of the United States, being the highesf. The rank of Ambassador is recognized by the Constitution, but the title, with its inter- national significance, has not been given to a diplomatic minister of the Uni- ted States to a foreign court, and therefore Ministers of such court at Wash- ington have been of less rank. It is the practice of nations to appoint recip- rocally diplomatic agents of equal grade. To prevent rivalries among repre- sentatives of different nations of unequal rank in the scale of international im- portance residing at Washington the legations are officially designated in al- phabetical order. This is in accordance with the seven rules of diplomatic precedence enunciated by the Congress of Vienna, 1815, and of the Congress of Aix la Chapelle, 1881, and recognized by the United States. This estab- lishes three classes. Envoys, Ministers, Ministers Resident, or other persons, accredited to sovereigns, and Charges d'Affaires, accredited to Ministers of Foreign Affairs, ad hoc or per interim. Under the same authority, the or- der of individual precedence of diplomatic ministers at Washington is de- termined by seniority of consecutive residence from date of presenting cre- dentials. The senior under these regulations is known as the Dean or Doyen of the Diplomatic Corps. Wherever this brilliant assemblage of the repre- THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. 49 sentatives cf crowned heads and foreign rulers appears in a body the Dean is at their head and presents his colleagues upon all official or ceremonial oc- casions. There are also a few foreigners of culture and means resident at the American capital for pleasure, instruction, or for special objects or duty. The Ministers and Secretaries and their ladies constitute a social circle of their own. They are regarded in the light of guests of the nation, and hold quasi-official relations with the Department of State. On all occasions of state ceremonials or e iquette, when participants, they appear in biilliant court costume, and form part of the suite of the President. The members of the Diplomatic Corps at Washington are governed by cer- tain rules of etiquette, established by usage among themselves and with the Government, prominently the exchange of visits, the omiasionof which might lead to embarrassment in the transaction of business. In many instances the chiefs of legations and their secretaries belong to the titled classes of their countries, and are often men not only of inherited rank, but of statesmanship, learning and culture. Their ladies in many cases also represent prominent degrees in the order of feminine precedence and are types of form, beauty, accomplishments and grace of their country women. When an arriving Minister enters upon his duties he is received by the Sec- retary of State at the Executive Mansion, and is presented to the President, to whom he delivers his letter of credence with appropriate remarks, to which the President briefly replies. There are also certain obligations of etiquette which are observed by the corps. Its members in a body make a call of con- gratulation upon a new President soon after his inauguration. They also call formally at the Executive Mansion on New Year's day upon a formal note of invitation from the Secretary of State to each legation that the President would be pleased to see its members and their ladies. They appear in full dress, and are received in private audience by the President after the Cabinet and before the other members of the Government. They are then entertained at a diplomatic breakfast by the Secretary of State at his residence. On the same day they also make it a ceremonial duty to call, but not in a body, upon the Vice-President, or President pro tern, of the Senate, there being a vacancy in the former, the Chief Justice and members of the Supreme Court and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. They call at the houses of SenatorB, or Representatives, with whom they are acquainted. This, however, is optional. Eor general occasions of etiquette the rule of the corps is for strangers always to ca'.l first. The last arriving member of the corps makes the first call on all his colleagues. After a diplomat has been re- ceived by the President, he calls at the house of the Secretary of State. In Englanaron belongs to a long line of Swedish noliles of Estonia, one of the Baltic Provinces, conquered and an- nexed to Russia during the wars of Peter the Great. In 1868 Baron Rosen 56 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. entered the Home Foreign Office, was First Secretary at Japan, and subse- quently was made Consul General at New York. He is very handsome, with a face resembling the pictures of the Imperial members of the house of Ro- manoff. Baroness Rosen was Elizabeth OdintsofT, of St. Petersburg, daughter ol General Odintsoff of the Russian army, and Military Governor of Nijni Nov- gorod, the great oriental entrepot of Asiatic and European inland trade and. commerce on the Volga. The Baroness is young, very beautiful, and very popular in Washington society, where she is well known through the ad inter- im residence of the Baron. She was one of the prominent figures at the bap- tism of the infant of Mrs. Whitney, wife of the Secretary of the Navy. Second Secretary Mr. Alexandre Greger is also very popular in Washing- ton. He has a beautiful Russian Drosky, Russian horses, of the celebrated Orloff itock, with a pedigree of one hundred and twenty years, and Russian groom, in native livery. He is an expert horseman, and is one of the leading spirits of the paper hunts which afford a great deal of spring amusement to the higher official diplomatic and fashionable social circles. After graduating at the University, he entered the Foreign Office at St. Petersburg, and having spent 1883 in foreign travel, was assigned to the Legation at Washington. The European Republic of France, sixty thousand square miles smaller than the State of Texas, with twenty-four times its population, has for its Di- plomatic representative M. Theodore Roustan, of an influential family of Pro- vence, Minister Roustan began his career in the consular service of his country, was minister to Tunis, and in 1882 was sent as Envoy to the United States. His services in Tunis were particularly important in the permanent establishment of French power in northern Africa. Count Maurice Sala, First Secretary, comes from an Italian family which be- came French early in the last century. He served as a volunteer, thougli very young, in the Franco-Prussian war. He was afterwards in the Foreign Office, and for a few years in Servia when he was sent to the United States. Countess Sala was Emily Sanford daughter of Major John Sanford, U. S. army. She has been in Paris with her young son Antoine, and will return with the count in the fall. Captain Lottin, military attache from Etat-Major d'Artillerie has been promoted to Chef d'Escadron since his sojourn in the United States. Mr. Jules Boeufe, Chancellor, was transferred to Washington from New Orleans. THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. 57 CHAPTER \'III. The Diplomatic Corps — Continued. Colonel frey — mr. mrs. and miss carter— mr. de weckherlin— senor flores — mr. von al\ enslehen, haron zedtwitz, and mr. jen- isch — senor uecekra — mr. and mrs. kuki and secretary akahane — senor peralia — mr. .\nd mrs. de reuterskiold — senor quesada — BARON AND HARONESS D'ITAJUHA — SENOR MURUAGA — CHANG YEN HOON AND HIS ORIENTAL SUITE — DOCTOR CORRAL — DON DOMINGO AND SENORA DE GANA— MAVROYENI BEY — CHEVALIER VON TAVERA — SENOR OLAVARRIA — MR LOVENORN — THE REPRESENT.VIIVES OF SALVADOR, URUQUAV, AND GUATEMALA. tOLLOWING tlie accepted order of arrangement of the personnel of the circle of the Diplomatic Ministers of foreign countries at Washington, the interesting story is resumed at the Alpine Republic of Switzerland, not quite half the size of Indiana, with one third more inhabitants, which has in her diplomatic representative a gentleman entitled to the special con- sideration of this Government and the American people. That personage is Col. Emile Frey, a native of the Canton of Basel, born in 1838, descended from a patrician family, distinguished in military and civil affairs and dating back to 1482, Four generations have served with the Swiss troops of the French army. His father was a Swiss Colonel-Brigadier. His mother was Harriet von Chatoney, descended from Hans von Chatoney, the sturdy Burgomaster of Morat durmg tlie siege of that stronghold by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, whom the Swiss so disastrously routfed. Col. Frey, after finishing his education at the University of Jena, came to the United States as the war of the rebellion was breaking out, and enlisted as a ]>rivate in the 24th Illinois Volunteers, Col. Frederick Hecker. This regi- ment formed part of Gen. U. S. Grant's First Brigade Soon after Captain Frey recruited a company among the Swiss of Madison and Sinclair counties, Illinois, and joined the 82(1 Illinois Volunteers, of which he became Major. He served in the campaign of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettys- burg. At the battle of Gettysburg he was taken prisoner, and for eighteen months was held as hostage for Captain Gordon, of the Confederates, who was condemned to death. Immediately after the war, 1865, he returned to his native land and entered public life. He was member and President of the government of the Canton of Baselland, 1866-72. Member of the National Council (Congress) 1872-82, of which he was President one year. He was also deputized to receive Ex-President Grant upon his arrival in Switzerland- 58 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Colonel Frey joined the diplomatic corps, as Minister Plenipotentiary at Washington, in 1882. He is a widower. Major Karl Kloss, Secretary of Legation, whose sister was the wife of Minister Frey, is a major of Swiss artillery. His father was a refugee from Poland after the revolution of 1831. The insular kingdom of the Pacific, Hawaii, the size of Connecticut, with one-tenth its population, is represented by Mr. H. A. P. Carter, who bears a striking resemblance to the pictures of the Prince Consort of England. He was born in Honolulu, of American parents. His father, J. O. Carter, of Charlestown, Massachusetts, carried on large commercial operations as early as 1830, with Mexico, California, and the coast, as far as Alaska, and with the Pacific Islands, finally settling at Honolulu. His mother was Hannah Tru- fant, from near Augusta, Maine, whose parents were residents at Honululu. Minister Carter entered the diplomatic service as Envoy, 1878, to England, and served successively at the courts of Germany, France, Portugal, and the United States, 1883. The wife of Minister Carter was Sybil A. Judd, daughter of Dr. Gerritt P. Judd, a lay member and physician of the American Board of Foreign Missions to the Sandwich Islands in 1826, and a man of great distinction and influence in the island. He was raised by the king Kamehamaha (the lonely one) to the post of political adviser, and later was chief of the government and founder and organizer of its present form, which supplemented the prior sav- age institutions. The minister's daughter, Frances Isabelle, or Miss Belle Carter, is a charming young lady. His second daughter, Agnes, is at school at Northampton, Mass., where she will graduate next year. A still younger daughter, under a governess, is at home. The eldest son, Charles Carter, is a student at the Michigan University, and will graduate this year, and enter the profession of law. The second son, George, is a student at the Sheffield sci- entific school of Yale. He is one of the foremost athletes of the college, Tje- longs to the University crew, and the foot-ball team. Mr. G. de Weckherlin, the minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Neth* lands, about half the area of West Virginia, with seven times its people, is a native of the Hague After receiving an education at the Gymnasium, and finishing at the University of Leyden, as Doctor of Laws, he entered, 1864, the Foreign Office. During the war of 1866 he was sent on a special duty to Ger- many; was Secretary at Vienna during the pendency of the Luxembourg ques- tion; Charge d' Affaires to the Holy See, and Secretary at Brussels. In 1872, returning to Rome, he was Charg6 of the Itahan government. He was trans- ferred to the Asiatic service as Minister Resident at Japan. After several years traveling in Burmah, India, and Africa, he was appointed, 1882, Minis- ter Resident at Washington, and two yea's later raised to his present grade. THE DU'LO.MATIC CORPS. 59 The Amlean Republic of Ecuador, perched amid the peaks of Colopaxi, Chimborazo and Cayanibe, and astride the equatorial meridian, the size of Texas, with the population of New Jersey, takes its place in the Diplomatic Corps in the person of Sefior D. Antonie Flores. Minister Flores, born in Quito, is the son of General Juan Jos6 Flores, the founder of the Republic of Ecuador, and its first President. He has been Minister to Peru, Chili, United States, France, England, the Holy See, (ier- many, Spain, Portugal, and Belgium, and for the second time, 1884, to the United States. He has been in the Senate of Ecuador, and served under his father, at the first taking of Cuayacjuil in 1863, where lie was wounded. In 1883 he commanded a brigade at the siege and attack of Guayaquil, and was one of the first to enter the town, contributing greatly to the success of the un- dertaking by his personal bravery and daring. He is a scholar, i)oet, and a "litterateur '" Minister Flores was married in 1872 to the very accomplished and beauti- ful daughter, deceased at twenty-three years of age, of Domingo I,. Ruiz, for- merly a planter in Cuba, and naturalized an American citizen. Her mother was Mme. Pauline Cerault de Ruiz, a niece of Madame Chegaray whose name has been venerated in so many households in the United States for three quarters of a century. Madame Flores, born in Havanna, and educated in the United States, spoke several languages, was a fine musician, and received great attention in Washington society. The German Empire, not quite as large as the States of Colorado and Ne- vada, with a population nearly as great as the United States, has for its Envoy a most accomplished and courtly gentleman in Mr. H. von Alvensleljen. He bears a strong resemblance to the pictures of the Crown Prince. He belongs to one of the oldest noble families of Altmark, distinguished alike in the mili- tary and civil service of Prussia, and the Empire and holds estates which have been inherited through six centuries. M. von Alvensleben was Secretary of Legation at Washington 1867-71. After returning and serving in the foreign office at Berlin, he was made First Secretary at St. Petersburg, Consul General at Bucharest, Envoy to the Hague, and in 18S4 to the United States. The Counsellor of Legation, Baron von Zedtwitz, of an ancient .Saxon family, is a captain of the Saxon regiment of Cariiiniers. He lias been .Sec- retary of Legation at St Petersburg, Japan, Stockholm, and 18S6 United States. He is an accomplished pianist. Mr. M. Riicker Jenisch, Attache, is from an old Hamburg family of wealth and influence. He is a lieutenant of Uhlans, his regiment being stationed at Pottsdam, the favorite rural retreat of Frederick the Great. He entered the 6o SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. diplomatic service in 1886, and was sent to Washington. Chancellor P. W. Biiddecke has been connected with the legation at Washington for thirty years. Senor D. Ricardo Becerra, Envoy since 1884, Senora and Senorita de Be- cerra, Mr. F. Mutis Duran, Secretary, Sefiors D. Luis Tanco and Francisco L. Becarra, Attache's, compose an interesting diplomatic group, representing the Cordilleran Republic of Columbia, which also embraces the isthmian strip of Panama, which connects the northern and southern continents of the American hemisphere. Japan, the "Sunrise Kingdom," the size of Dakota, with two thirds the population of the United States, is represented by Mr. Jusanmi Riuichi Kuki, a gentleman of education, culture, and travel, and thirty-five years of age. At sixteen he was Superintendent of Education in his native district. At nine- teen he was employed in similar duties by the Central Government. At twenty he was sent to Europe to investigate the political, industrial, and edu- cational science ofthe occidental world, and upon his return rendered important services in the re-organization of the Government, filling various high offices of state. In 1884 he was made Envoy to the United States. Madame Hatsu Kuki, a Japanese lady of intelligence and beauty, is very popular in Washing- ton social circles. She has acquired the English language, ancj has adopted American styles of dress, in which she exhibits excellent taste. Secretary Shiro Akaban6 was educated in the United States, and returning home in 1876, served on the tariff committee of the foreign department during treaty revision. He subsequently entered the diplomatic service as Secretary at Berlin, serving successively in Corea, at St. Petersburg, part of the time acting as minister, and was assigned to Washington in 1885. He speaks En- glish fluently. Attache Kamenosuke Misaki was educated in English at Osaka, and the Tokio University, and admitted to the bar. He entered politics as a conserv- ative and defended the new Constitution in the native press, subsequently ed- iting the newspaper organ of the conservatives, and lectured on jurisprudence. In 1S84 he was appointed to the legation to enable him to prosecute his knowledge of law. Naval Attache Lieutenant Makoto Saito graduated from the naval academy of Japan in 1879, and served in the navy. In 1884 he was assigned to the legation at Washington, and in 1 886 accompanied the Japanese minister o' the Navy on his tour of naval inspection in the United States and England. Attache Kikujiro Saigo, is a son of General Takamori Saigo, the warrior and statesman of Japan, who was instrumental in overthrowing the Tycoon and restoring the imperial government of the Mikado. Young Saigo was THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. 6 1 educaied in the United Slates, 1872. In 1878, liis fatlier having retired with his followers to his jirovince Satsunia, young Saigo commanded ])art of his army in a number of battles against the governmental forces, in one of which he lost a leg. Having after his father's death surrendered, 1885, he was made Attach6 at Washington. His uncle is minister of the Japanese Navy. Mr. Masakazu Noma, now twenty years of age, was educated in English, after serving as clerk in the Foreign Office at Tokio, was made Attache at Washington in 1S85. Senor D. Manuel M, Peralta, forty years of age, though absent during the past season, has figured prominently as the representative of Costa Rica, a country not as large as West Virginia and one fourth the population. Hav- ing served as Secretary at I'aiis and London, and on a special mission to Pope Pio IX, he was made Minister Resident to the United States, 1876. He signeil, towards the close of tlie Grant administration, a treaty of neutrality of the Nicarauguan canal and its control by an international board of directors. He was Envoy to Belgium, France, and Spain, andtlie United States, 1885. He also represented Salvador. In the International Canal Congress at Paris, 1879, under Lesseps, he sustained the American delegates in favor of the Nicarauguan route. He belongs to a number of geographical and scientific societies, and is an author and historian of high ability. Senor D. Carlos Saenz is Attacli^ of legation. Mr. L. de Rcuterskiold, is the Envoy of the Kingdom of Sweden and Nor- way, which covers an area a trifle larger than Texas, with four times the popu- lation. He is a native of Stockholm, born in 1843, a graduate of the famous University of Upsala. In 1863 he entered the vas requested. The Spanish government re- plied that he had already asked lea\e to return. The Marquis lingered in Washington, however. He was finally ir/formed that his departure would be expected very soon. He replied that he would suit his own convenience, and the interests of his king; that the Minister of Spain received orders from his sovereign, and not from the United States, John Quincy Adams, who was familiar with the etiquette of foreign courts, took the matter in hand in the Senate, by introducing a bill " topreventthe abuse of the privileges of Foreign Ministers," It authorized the President, upon a violation of municipal laws by a foreign Minister to demand justice from his sovereign, and in event of hostility, or conspiracy against the government, or insult, or disrespect to- wards the President, to order the offender t ) withdraw, and if he refused to send him to his sovereign, the President to signify the offense. Senator Dll'LOMACV AND K IKJUF-TTK. 7 I Adams made a speech in support of the measure. Tlic AdmKjistr.;lion doubt- ed i Is pclicy as implying discourtesy towards representatives oFnations which had never offended. The rectll of Yrujo was again asked and compHed with.. Had Spain dechned the bill would have jias.'ed. \Viih this understanding it was defeated in ihe Senate. When Mr. Monroe entered tlie Doparlnicnt of Stale lie established the practice rf a member of the Cabinet returning the first visit and no other visit of a foreign minister. This was at variance with the practice of the European government where the ministers of State returned no vi its of foreign Min- isters except Ambassadors. At the beginning of President Monroe's administration, the question of the President and wife accepting an invitation to a social entertainment of a For- eign Minister was made an issue. At Mrs. Monroe's drawing room M. Hyde de Neuville, the French Minister, mentioned to the Secretary of State that he would give a grand fete in honor of the evacuation of France by the allied troops, and desired to have the President and Mrs. Monroe present. The subject was a matter of diplomatic negotiation by the Minister. When the question was brought to the President's attention by the Secretary of State, he expressed a willingness to gratify the Minister if there had been a single example since the existence of the Constitution of a President going to the house of a Foreign Minister. The President even went to the trouble of send ing for Major Jackson, who had been one of Washington's private secretaries* to consult, him. From that source he was informed that neither Washington nor any other President, had ever been at the house of a Foreign Minister. The President determined not to break through the precedent. The question then turned upon Mrs. Monroe. The President consulted her, and accepted as her decision that it would not be pro]icr for her to go where it was not proper for her husband to accompany her. The President directed Secretary Adams to inform the Minister that he would re(|uire his daughter, Mrs. Eliza Monroe Hay, to be present. The President's decision rather increased the complications. Mrs.- Hay sent to Se:retary Adams to see her before meeting De Neuville, Mrs. Mon- roe, her mother, being i)resent. Mrs. Hay said that she desired the Secretary of State to inform Mr. de Neuville that she would at the request of licr father, though against her own inclinations, go 1 3 the ball, but upon condition, first, that her i)rcsence, under the circumstances, should leave her position with the ladies of the foreign .Ministers precisely where it would have been had she not attended; that she would after>vard neither visit them nor receive visits from them, nor accept any invitation to their parties ; second, that no rank or sta- tion should be assigned her at the ball, no pretense of distinguishing her as -J 2 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. the President's daughter should be mide; that at supper she would find her place somewhere among the Commodore's wives, but no particular distinction must be shown her. As a third ultimatum she demanded that M. de Neuville might write to his own government whatever he pleased, but her name must be omitted in all accounts of the afiair. She was willing to obey her father, and be present at the fete, but as the daughter of James Monroe, and not of Presi- dent James Monroe. De Neuville accepted the terms quietly, but it resulted in an entire breaking off of social relations between Mrs. Hay and the ladies of the Diplomatic Corps. Previous to this time Presidents Washington, Jefferson, and Madison per- mitted, to a certain degree, visits from Foreign Ministers, but as the social institutions of the government became more thoroughly established, and owing to the recurrence ofpersonal jealousies among the ministers themselves, likely to lead to international feeling, this privilege was withdrawn. The rule then established by the President authorized the presence of Foreign Ministers 1. At private audiences requested by them. 2. At drawing-rooms. 3. At diplomatic dinners once or twice during the winter. No sooner had peace been restored on this point than a war of etiquette broke out in the Administration household. It had always been the custom for the President to invite the Secretary of State only to all his dinners to the Diplomatic Corps. There being no Ministers of ambassadorial rank, noques- tion was raised by the Diplomats themselves against the Secretary of State taking precedence of them on such occasions. A new feature, however, was introduced into the controversy by the Secretary of the Treasury, W. H. Craw- ford, of Georgia. That gentleman having nearly captured the Presidential nomination from Mr. Monroe, and backed by a powerful minority in his party, was not willing to take a subordinate place on occasions of ceremony. The President was apprised by Secretary Crawford on behalf of himself, and the other heads of Executive Departments, that they expected to be placed on an entire equility with the Secretary of State, and objected to that officer alone being invited. The Diplomatic Ministers here took the subject up, repeating their willingness to yield precedence to the Secretary of State, but at dinners of ceremony they would not consent to being thrown to the foot of the table by four or five heads of departments, To avoid this new complication, the President when next entertaining the Foreign Ministers at dinner, excluded all the members of the Cabinet alike, and filled up the table by inviting the Navy Commissioners and respectable personages of the city. To this the Foreign Ministers objected on the ground of being invited with persons of inferior rank and private citizens, and further DIPLOMACY AND ETIQUETTE, 73 objected to the absence of the Secretary of State, with whom they were asso- ciated in their quasi-official relations. The Presiilent succumbed to the rea- sonableness of this position, and at a later dinner given to the Diplomatic Corps invited the Secretary of State and wife as formerly had been customary. The Secretary, however, in order to quiet the threatened Cabinet crisis, ad vised the President to withdraw the invitation to himself, and to reconcile the differences by inviting one member of the Cabinet at a time, and in the accept- ed order. This plan was adopted. Upon the occasion of the marriage of President Monroe's youngest daugh- ter, Maria Hester Monroe, to her cousin, Samuel Lawrence Gouverneur, of New York, the Foreign Ministers being uncertain as to whether they would be expected to make a complimentary call in honor of the event, Politica, the Minister of Russia, visited Mrs. Adams, the wife of the Secretary of State, for information. She applied to Mrs. Hay to obtain her views. That lady, though not the presiding lady, as the daughter of the President, though she did not reside in the Executive Mansion, never visited at the houses of any of the Foreign Ministers, for the reason that their ladies did not pay her the first visit. Mrs. Hay, who seemed to have assumed the arrangement of the etiquette of the Administration, and who had involved it in a senseless war with the Diplomatic Corps to suit herself, decided that her youngest sister could not receive and return visits which she could not reciprocate, and there- fore it was decided that the Foreign Ministers should take no notice of the marriage. A few days after, when the time for receiving visits of congratula- ation had been fixed, the President directed that the Foreign Ministers should be notified that they with their ladies might pay a wedding visit, and that the visit would be returned, but that it must stop there. As the notice had already been given to the ministers "that they were not to know that the President had a daughter married," it was decided to permit matters to rest, tlie ministers not calling. At the close of the administration of President Monroe, at a state dinner, an incident occurred which illustrates how international differences often work upon the feelings and decorum of the Ministers. Sir Charles Vaughn, the British Envoy, was seated at the table opposite the French Minister. The British Envoy, observing his diplomatic vis-a-vis biting his thumb, became very much irritated, and at length demanded across the table: "Do you bite your thumb at me, sir?" " I do," replied the Frenchman. Vaughn, leav- ing the table, withdrew to the corridor, followed instantly by the French Min- ister. Swords were drawn, and the excited diplomats were about to licgin operati(jns, when the President, observing them leave the table, followed them and entered tlie corridor in time to draw his own sworil, which was still 74 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. part of the full dress of the White House, and separated the would-be com- batants. He ordered the Ministers into separ£te apartments, sent for -heir carriage?, and dispatched them to their residences. The President returned to his guests. The Ministers next day apologized for their breach of pro- priety. In later years the relations between the Government and the Diplomatic Corps have been better understood and eatablished,_ and have but rarely re- sulted in that friction which attends a variance of interests, leal or imagined, between nations. In the long period of nineiy-eight years, the Government has demanded the re-call of but few diplomatic representatives who were ob- jectionable. These were ministers Genet, of France, in 1793, d'Yrujo, of Spain, in 1807, Jackson, of Great Britain, in 1809, and Pouissin, of France, in 1849. Crampton, of Great Britain, was handed his [jassports in 1856, and intercourse with Catacazy, of Russia, terminated in 1871. The concessions of President Monroe and Secretary of State J. Q. Adams to the ill-mannered social ambition of Secretary of the Treasury Crawford, was no compliment to their sense of propriety. The precedence of the Department of State in the Cabinet circle was not only established by the position always given it in legislative enactments and ceremonial usage, bu. furnished the stepping-stone to the Presidency of such men as Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Van Buren, and Buchanan, and John Marshall to the Chief Justice- ship of the United States. The Treasury in its list of chiefs has never had a single person who r«. ached the Presidency, and the War Deimrtment, of all the rest, had only James Monroe for a few months, while Secretary of State, and General Grant, ad interim. The members of the Diplomatic Corps at Washington receive more gener- ous social recognition than they do at other capitals. In return they have always contributed largely to the enjoyments and attractions of social life. Their entertainments have at timesbeen among the most brilliant affairs of the season. Their participation in ceremonial occasions of the government has also been conspicuous. As a body the corps is now invited by the Secretary of Stale to call upon the President in private audience first after the members of the Administra- tion on New Year's day. The President gives a ceremonial reception in honor of the Corps, and invites it as a body to a diplomatic dinner, and to all other stite receptions during the season. They are also included in the list of participants in the pageant attending the inauguration of a President and on other suitable ceremonial occasions. As individuals they have personal audience in comiiany with the Secretary of State upon presentation of cre- dentials or on taking leave. They appear at public receptions and drawing DIPLOMACY AND KriQUKTTF. 75 rooms at the Executive Mansion, and arc received unofficially in private audience at their own request. The most serious omission in the organic law uf the Executive brancli of the Government is tlie absence of aPrivito Secretary t5 the President to be ixcffuio chief of a Bureau in the Executive office or the Department of State, having control of questions of ceremony ard jirecedence. The growth of the official personnel of the Government makes some provision of this kind imperative, sooner or later. Such an official answering to the Master of Cere- monies of other governments would prevent lapses of etiquette and often re- diculous mistakes on the part of the Government in communications to rulers of foreign countries, and would secure uniform arrangement of j^ublic cere- monies in the personnel of the guests and of precedence. Strange as it may seem with the existing state of things, there is not an officer of the Govern- ment who could properly deal v\ith the presence of an ambassador of full rank at Washington. The Secretary of State is wrongly required to serve in cer- tain cases as the Master of Ceremonies and entertainer of the President. He gives diplomatic breakfasts and diplomatic d nners, and keeps open house in doing the society of the Administration. It is for this reason that wealth has not infrequently superceded brains in the iLanagenient of these most impor- tant and delicate functions of the Government. At the time William M. Evarts was Premier, that generous entertainer contemplated establishing a precedent of holding the Diplomatic and other official social entertainments in the nature of receptions in the handsome communicating suite of salons, two hundred and fifty feet in length, occupied by the Secretary of State and his assistants. Upon a careful investigation it was found that the use of these apartments for ceremonial entertainments, by the Premier v. ould not in- convenience public business, and would not cause any material expense to the Government. The plan, however, was never carried into etTect, although as a rule, it met with favorab'.e comment by the thinking p-css of the country. Official hospitality has grown to such dimensions that popular sentiment will demand son e arrangement V)y which respectable citizens who visit the cap- ital, and are the real sovereigns, may enjoy at least a share in public enter- tainments during the season, without imposing upon the officer of the minis- try, who is not furr.ished with a residence like the President, the burden of maintaining a costly private establishment for social duties, purely official. 76 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. CHAPTER X. The Vice-President. The heir presumptive to the presidency -the senate asserts the dignity of the office — second in the scale of precedence— the title — the late vice-president — claims to social pre-eminence of the wife of the vice-president ignored — a social anomaly. jY specific provision of the National Constitution, the Vice-President of the United States is the heir presumptive to the office of President. %^:j^' He is one of the only two officers of national election. By the require- ments of the Constitution he is chosen at the same time, in the same manner, and for the same term as the President, but has no executive authority ex- cept when in the exercise of the duties of the chief office. He is then c othed with all the prerogatives of rank and authority. The Constitution also spe- cifically designates him as the President of the Senate, which makes him the first officer of the constituent chamber of the States of the Union. In the scale of official dignities the Vice-President naturally occupies the second place as the constitutional successor to the first, and also as occupying ex-officio the first place in the second co-ordinate branch of the government. The Senate, mindful of its own high functions, and of the dignity of its Pres- ident, in arranging its forms of intercourse with other branches of the govern- ment laid down the rule that tl>e Vice-President of the United States and Presi- dent of the Senate, as the representative head of their body, should only sign communications or enrolled bills to be sent to the President of the United States or in transmitting the thanks of Congress. All official communica- tions, messages, or engrossed bills of the Senate sent to the lower branch of Congress, or to any officer of less rank is signed by the Secretary of the Senate. His office, in point of official propriety, and by recognized precedent since the first in the line of Vice-Presidents, requires him to make a call of ceremony upon the President only, which he does immediately after the assembling of the Senate. The President, however, as in all cases, does not return the call. He is entitled to the first visit from the Chief Justice of the United States, Senators, and all others, which he may return in person or by card. The official title of the Vice-President was promptly determined at the very beginning of the government. Pending the controversy about the President's title in the first Congress, Vice-President Adams became involved in a con- test of his own with the members of the Senate as to his proper official desig- THE VICE-PKESIDENT. 77 nation. In his first mcosage to llie House of Representatives he signed him- self John Adams, Vice-President. The Senators declared that such a signa- ture indicated the idea of the absence of the President of the Senate; that tliey only knew him as President of the Senate, and as such only could he sign or authenticate any act of that body. It took Mr. Adams several days to recover from iliis criticism. He then declared to the Senate: " I have since examined the Constitution. I am placed here by the people. To part with the style given me is a dereliction of my right. Vice-President is my title, and I shall ma'.e a point to assert it." As as a compromise, however, he adopted the rule of signing himself as the Presiding Officer of the Senate as "Vice-President of the United States and President of the Senate." The same form of official sigature adopted in 1 789, has been adhered to ever since. Thomas A. Hendricks was the fifth Vice-President who died in office. Those who preceded him in that sad ending of mundane eminence and public use- fulness were George Clinton. 1809; Elbridge Gerry, 1813; W. R. King, 1853; Henry Wilson, 1873. At the time of his death the Vice-President was sixty-six years of age, full of glory, in the mid-day of his honors, and upon the threshold of his public possibilities. John Hendricks, his patern.1l pro- genitor, was descended from one of the first settlers in the Ligonier valley, in western Pennsylvania. His mother, Jane Thomson, was a descendent of a sturdy Calvanist from Caledonia's feathery highlands, who joined his coun- trymen about the time of the American Revolution, in tlie Cumberland valley of Pennsylvania. After passing through the various upward gradations of an illustiious career, he became a Senator of the United States. He was one of the foremost men of his paity for the Presidential nomination in 1868. Eight years later he was the unsuceessful candidate for the second place, and eight years after that the successful competitor for the same office, on the national ticket. In the rapid sequence of events he presided over the Senate but for a brief season in the extraortlinary session immediately after his installation, and then fell back into the ranks of the great dead of the Nation. It was, therefore, as a Senator that Mr. Hendricks was known to the public and social life cf the capital. In. lis household he had the ornament of a wife of rare culture and amial)ility. Mrs. Hentlricks, who passed a few days quietly in Washington duiing the season, was Miss tli^a Morgan, daughter of a merchant of Shelbyville, In- diana, wliere Mr. Hendricks' father settled when his son was but a child. In her private life Mrs. Hendricks has always been interested in charities for women, and is now president of one of the noblest institutions of the kind in the city of her residence. In the social life of Washington, Mrs. Hendricks, as the wife of a Senator, 78 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. and a great leader in politics, was herself, through the strength of her woman- ly character, the center of a large and influential circle of ladies. As wife of the Vice-President, the President having no wife, she was disposed to hold that she was entitled to social pre-eminence as First Lady of the Land, and in that relation would be entitled to the place of principal lady at state social cer- emonials. Li arranging the social code of his administration, President Cleveland, having invited his unmarried sister to preside over his household, determined that the members of the receiving party at his levees should be limited to the ladies of the Cabinet. This excluded the wife of the Vice-Pres- ident, who, however, was invited to assist Miss Cleveland at her drawing- rooms. The Vice-President being second in the scale of official dignities, his wife under the rules of precedence could not enjoy social pre-eminence as a right. The attempt to establish a rump court to take precedence of the Executive Mansion, the President having no wife to take the first place socially in his household, was a modern innovation. Martha Randolph presided over the household of her father. President Jefferson, and when she was absent Mrs. Dolly P. Madison, the vivacious wife of his Secretary of State, matronized the Executive social entertamments. Emily Donelson, wife of President Jackson's protege and Private Secretary, performed the social duties of his Administration. President Tyler's daughter, Lizzie, and his son's wife, An- gelica Singleton, held that relation to domestic affairs until the President mar- ried his second wife, the young and beautiful Julia Gardiner, who was but one year older than Mrs. Cleveland when she entered the Executive Mansion. Harriet Lane, the niece of President Buchanan, made the social regime of his term exceptionally brilliant. The petite and winning Mrs. Mary Arthur Mc- Elroy, was the queen of the social surroundings of her brother, Prci-ident Arthur, and Miss Rose Elizabeth Cleveland, President Cleveland's sister, led off in the social affairs of his administration. The riglit of these ladies to the social pre-eminence of tlie T resident's household, being tliere by his authority, was never questioned by those who constituted the highest circles of official life. THE PRESIDENT OK THE SENATE l>KO TEMPORE. 79 CHAI'TKR XI. The President ok the Senate tro temtore. His place in the scale ok uicnities — taken out (jf the line of presi- oen rial succession — john james incalls — his par 1 icil'a hon in the anti-slaverv struggles in kansas — his career leading to the u. s senaie- as a senator — unique in appearance and genius— in so- ciety— mrs ingalls. ^T^OIIN JAMES INGALLS, a ^-enalor of the United States from the State ,\ of Kansas, Preside t of the Senate pro h-mpoi-e, there being a vacancy ro./empore. To narrate the deeds of his progenitors and of himself would be to give a recital of some of the most important and stirring events in American history. His ancestors landed in Massachusetts but settled in Connecticut, among the earliest ])ioneers of New Englan Elizaiielii Stoddard, a Imea' descendant of Rev. Antliony ,88 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Stoddard, who settled in Boston in 1639. Her son Charles Robert Sherman, who was raised to the Supreme bench of Ohio in 1823, married Mary Hoyt, of Norwalk, Connecticut, his native place, in 1810, and the same year set- tled in Lancaster, Ohio, where their son John Sherman was born thirteen years after. Written in the career of Senator Sherman is an active participation of forty years in the politics of the Whig party, beginning in 1848, and of the Repub- lican party from its birth, having presided over its first convention in Ohio, 1855. He was one of the foremost champions of its doctrin s in the anti- slavery discussions in the House of Representatives, of which he was a mem- ber from 1855 to 1861. He was a staunch advocate in the Senate, which he entered in 1861, of every measure for the vigorous prosecution of the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, and later for the reconstruction of the Union. He was always in favor of an honest financial policy and the protection of American industries. Whether taken as parliamentarian, orator, politician or statesman, he stands the foremost man of his generation. He has the confi- dence of ever;^ material interest and of every class of citizens. The social life of Senator Sherman is peculiarly interesting, He is a man of genial instincts, but has a diffidence of manner which has erroneously given him the reputation of being cold and indifferent. His home circle is presided over by one of the best of women. Mrs. Sherman was Cecelia Stewart, the only child of Judge James Stewart, of Mansfield, a member of that distin- guished Pennsylvania Colonial and Revolutionary family of Scotch- Irish or- igin. Added to her natural accomplishments is a superior education and an instinctive fondness for domestic life. When she became the wile of John Sherman, he was a young man cf twenty-five, just starting out in the duties of his profession, and the prominence of his political career. In his upward course from a rural attorney to.one of the foremost statesmen in the country, she has ever been the companion and ornament of his life. In her elegant Washington residence she entertains generously. Miss Mary Sherman adds to the attractions of the Senator's household. She is particularly popular among the younger members of society, highly educated, and of pleasing manners. The " Patriarch of Congress" is Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont. He was born in 1810 in Strafford, about fifteen miles west of the Connecticut river, at White River Junction, where he now resides. His services in Congress began in the House of Representatives in 1855, with Senntor Sheiman, and m tlie Senate in 1867, thus giving him thirty-six years to the end of his present Sen- atorial term, 1891. He and Senator Sherman, between whom there exists thirteen years difference of ages, are the last of llie still active conspicuous THE SENATORS AND THEIR LADIES. 89 figures in congressional affairs under the old regime which passed into his- tory with the election of Abraham Lincohi to the Presidency and the seces- sion of the vStates of the South. He was the author of the protective tariff legislation known as the " Morrill Tariff of 1861." He is a close student, fin- ished writer and speaker. His speeches have the merit of the most exquisite essays. He has a distinguished appearance and is courtly in manner. He is a conversationalist of great popularity, and ranks with old time lights of fash- ionable society in this respect. The Senator belongs to one of the early fixmilies of the Green Mountain State. His father was Colonel Moriill, of Revolutionary fame. The Senator began life as a merchant and Ijanker, but retiring with an income of $15,000 a year, has devoted his attention apart from the duties of his public station to congenial agricultural pursuits upon his beautiful home estate in the Connecticut valley. The first lady in continuity of Senatorial residence at Washington is the wife of the Vermont Senator. She was Ruth Swan, of Stoughton, near Bos- ton. Her father and brothers are eminently known in the medical profession. She is of aristocratic appearance, and presides over the Senator's handsome residence with great dignity and affability. She is assisted by her sister. Miss Swan, of middle years, vice-president of the Washington Asylum for Colored Women and Orphans, and who has an intimate knowledge of public questions, which makes her j)resence in the Senator's home particularly attractive to men of affa rs. The Senator's son, who is twenty-nine years of age, is interested in iron man- ufacture in Alabama. The ladies of the Senatorial circle representing the social surroundings of the New England Senators form a distinctive feature in the fashionable life of Washmgton. They are noticeal>ly clannish, with a sort of IJunker Hill pride in the glory of their forefathers. They are women of marked intellectuality and ill at ease as a rule, under the conventionalities of fasliionable life. They do their social duties with an apparent sense of obligation rather than of pleasure. It IS an interestingcoincider.ee that Vermont in her Senators represents two of the three instances of exceptional length of Senatorial service. George F. Edmunds, "The Father of the Senate," was born in Vermont in 1828, not far from the picturesfjue shores of Lake Chamiilain. After serving in one or theotlier of the two branches of the Vermont Legislature — 1854 to 1862 — much of the time as Sj^eaker or President pro Umpcre, he entered the Senate of the United States and has been there ever since. His new term will carry him one third into the la^t decade of tiie present century. The Senator is a man of judicial habits of thought and manner. He is often called "Saint (leroiue" 90 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. on account of his resemblance to that ecclesiastical celebrity. He-is a man of learning and logic. While he never grows enthusiastic over persons, he has a warm side for his friends. The second lady in rank in Senatorial longevity is Mrs. Edmunds, a daugh- ter of Wyllys Lyman, of the Connecticut family of that name, whose father settled at the mouth of White river during the early part of the century. She is a granddaughter of Charles March, a Representative from Vermont in Con- gress during the administration of Madison. Mrs. Edmunds is a lady rf small figure and quiet and retiring manner. Her daughter, Mary M. Edmunds, assists her in doing the honors of the elegant residence of the Senator. She is an excellent conversationalist and a fine equestrienne, her father and herself enjoying the healthful recreation of a gallop among the hills adjacent tj the capital- The little " Diamond State," Delaware, in the days of William Penn, "the Territories of Pennsylvania^" is represented by a tall, slim, g ay-haired, kindly bachelor, Eli Saulsbury, seventy years of age and in continuity of service, en- titled to the courtesy of "Father" of the Democratic side of the Senate. He springs from the noted family of that name. He is one of three brothers, Willard, Gove, and Eli, who ran things in the Dover end of the little Com- monwealth. He succeeded his brother Willard in the Senate in 1871. In the first contest Willard's brother-in-law, who had just been inaugurated Gov- ernor, turned in for Eli, the Legislature being a tie, and secured his election; and, as a quieter, made the defeated brother Chancellor. The Senator, dur- ing the season, has his niece. Miss Saulsbury, of Dover, a very agreeable young lady, visit him and attend to his social duties. She usually has with her some Delaware friends, who enjoy the fascinations of capital life with her. Next in point of years as a Senator, is Matt W. Ransom, a native of North Carolina, born in 1828, a planter and lawyer. He was a Peace Commissioner to the Confederate Congress, and afterwards one of the most able command- ers in the Confederate service. He entered the United States Senate in 1872. Tlie wife of Senator Ransom is a remarkable woman. She was Hattie Exum, of an old family of wealth and influence on the Roanoke river, where they still live. A story is told of the Senator when he ran for his first office, that of Attorney General of the "Old North State." There were many suitors for the hand of Miss Exum, the belle of the Roanoke valley. The Senator was then a Whig, one of the true blues cf the "Tar State " It was noised about that Miss Hattie would not accept his proffer cf marriage if he were defeated. The Whigs and Democrats who recognized in liim one of the most popular young men in the State vied with each other m giving him their support. When the returns were counted Ransom was elected by an THE SENATORS AND THEIR LADIES. 9I almost imntiimous vote, an4 the accxjmjJislied daughter of Roanoke became the wife of North Carolina's favorite son. Mrs. Ransom is one of the most highly educated ladies in the South. She reared and fitted each one of her six sons for coUeye, and has the motherly satis- fa;tion of seeing two of her "boys " rising lawyers, one a prosperous farmer, another with the Senator as his private secretary, and two at the University of North Carolina. Her only daughter, Esther, is skilled in languages and j)ainting, and will make her entrance into society next season. William B. Allison, of Iowa, is another of the interesting figures of the Sen- ate. He is a year younger than Edmunds, and six years younger than Sher- man. Born in Ohio in 1S29, he studied law and was admitted to the bar of Mansfield, at the same time with his Senatorial coteniporary Sherman, but went to Iowa, 1857. He entered Congress in 1863, and the Senate ten years later. He has been a jirominent figure in the deliberations of both Houses, and has been chairman of leading committees. In the formation of the Gar- field administration he declined the Secretaryship of the Treasury. The Senator a few years ago met with the loss of his wife, who was a great favorite in Washington society, under most distressing circumstances. She \\ as Mary Neally, the niece and adopted daughter of Senator Grimes, of Iowa. Since the death of Mrs Allison, Mrs. Grimes has presided over the house- hold and social affairs of Senator Allison. Mrs. Grimes, who had long ex- perience in public affairs with her husband, is one of the most remarkable elderly woman in Washington. Her acquaintance with public men and poli- tics for a period of nearly forty years, gives her .1 fund of information of men and measures possessed by few persons living to-day. She is the center of a large circle of fi lends, some of them among liie last of the historic men and women of the administration of President Lincoln. The "Silver Senator," John P. Jones of Nevada, is an Englishman by birth, in 1830, but the year after that domestic event, his ])arents settled in Ohio. He went to California with the pioneers, and with farming and mining, mingled the duties of a State legislator. He became prominent in the development of the mineral resources of Nevada, and in 1873 became one of its Senators. The Senator is a man of positive influence in his private and jtublic relations. He is a staunch advocate of silver, the staple product of his constituents. Mrs. Jones was (ieorgiana F. .Sullivan, the accomplished and beautiful daughter of Eugene V. Sullivan, of .San Francisco, one of the earliest of the "Forty-niners." Her grandfather was N'oundt, the celebrated ])l<)neer and Imlian fighter, who went to California some jears m advance of the Argonauts of '49. I Icr mother also bore the har-ican Hebrew. She is also a valued contributor to magazines. As a type of the coming generation of daughters cf America. Miss Dawes is one of the most prominent. At her home at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, she established the "Wednesday Morning Club," consisting of about thirty young ladies, which is said to be the finest woman's literary club in the United States. Her THE SENATORS AND THEIR LADIES. 93 home being in the romantic Berkshire Hills, through her acquaintance in Washington she has many persons of prominence visit that charming region during the summer, who give the club the benefit of their jiresence by lectures and readings. The Senator has two sons, one a lawyer in Chicago, and one in college. Francis Marion Ccckrell, was born in Johnson county, Missouri, fifty-three years ago, was educated there, studied his profession and practiced it there, but never held an office until he entered the Senate of the United States, which was twelve years ago. The best characterization of his hold upon the confidence and admiration of his fellow-citizens, was his third election, which gave him an extension of six years in his Senatorial career. One of the best-known ladies of the Southern Senatorial circle is Mrs. Cockrcll. She was Anna Ewing, a native of Missouri, and daughter of Judge Ephraim Esving, of the Supreme Court of that State. Mrs. Cockrell is one of the finest looking married ladies in Washington, being very tall and of queenly figure and grace. Her eldest daughter, who is now eleven years of age and at school, gives promise of great beauty, and many accomplishments. John H. Mitchell, the genial and courtly Senator from the distant State of Oregon, went from western Pennsylvania, where he was born, fifty-two j ears ago, to California as a young lawyer, and to Oregon in i860, a year after it was admitted as a State. He was a lawyer of prominence and ability, and by a singular coincidence was in partnership with his present colleague in the Senate. His legislative experience was garnered in the State Senate of Oregon, during two out of his four years l)eing its President. He entered the Senate in 1S73, but in the whirligig of politics dropped out in 1879, and reappeared in 18S5 to the great gratification of his party friends. The Senator's wife and daughter are very popular in Washington society. Mrs. Mitchell was Maltie E. Price, daughter of J. B. Price, a retired English merchant. Her daughter Mattie was one of the belles of the season. She is of petite figure, with asymmetrically tapering waist, the faceofa Greek girl, a mouth modeled after cupid's bow, dark eyes luminous with emotion and a manner full of grace and vivacity. Excellent in conversation, either in her mother tongue or in the language of the gay Parisians, she is full of spirit and keeps her train of admirers in unceasing eagerness and enthusiasm. Miss Mitchell represents the training of the famous ladies' seminary of I'"ontain- bleau. Her mother, anxious to give her the benefit of the highest culture, went to France and, ])lating her daughter at school, remained with her three years, during the entire time of her finishing course. They then returned to the United States. In 1885, after the election of the Senator to his present term, the mother and daughter again visited Euroi)e, making the tour of all 94 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. the great capitals of the Old World. She was the most admired among the American young ladies at the Court levees of the President of the French Re- public, and was specially honored at a reception given by the General of the French army. The return of Miss Mitchell and her mother to Washington was the occasion of cordial greetings in all circles of the higher fashionable life of the American capital. At the British Legation she was invited to a din- ner given in her honor. Her presence, much sought for, is an attraction at the finest social gatherings. Mrs. Maggie L. Handy, another daughter, a beautiful young vvoman, resides with her husband, William Handy, in Wash- ington. The Senator has a very interesting family in the children of his rirst wife. His eldest daughter is married to Jesse Benton Chapman, a lawyer of Tacoma, son of Professor Chapman, of University College, Ohio. The sec- ond daughter, Jennie, is the wife of Jacob Fawcett, of Canton, Ohio, recently appointed judge. The .Senator's son by this marriage is a lawyer at Seattle, W. T. Henry M. Teller, from New York, where he was born in 1830, went to Illinois twenty-eight years after as a young and ambitious lawyer, but three yeais later moved out to Colorado to grow up with the country. His success was so marked that he was chosen one of the first Senators of the United States from the Centennial S.ate, in the year of the first centennial of American Independence. He was invited into the Cabinet of President Arthur, after his installation in 1882, and upon the close of that administration in 1885 was immediately returned to the Senate. Mrs. Teller was Harriet M. Bruce, of Allegheny county, New York, the native place of the Senator. Her daughter Emma is a young lady of unusual gifts of mind which are being strengthened and expanded by a thorough course at Wellesly Female College. THE SENATORS AND THEIR LADIES. 95 CHAPTER XIV. The Senators and their Ladies— Continued. Senator Cameron— senators voorhees and beck — senator plumb — senator butler— SKNATOR hoar— senators MORC.AN, MCPHERSON, HARRIS, COKE, AND HAMITON — SENATORS HAWI.EY AND PI. ATT — SENA- TORS HALE, FRYK, ALDRICH, SAWYER, AND BLAIR — SENATORS GORMAN, VEST, VANCE, PUGH, GEORGE, AND CALL — THE LADIES UF THEIR FAMILIES. >.'/y ONTINUING the story of the social surroundings of the Senators, we find, after those enjoying seniority of service, a number filhns:; a middle period of years, beginning 1S77 to iSSi, and ending 1889 to 1891. James Donald Cameron entered the Senate in 1877, at forty-four years of age, succeeding Ids father, who had been four times elected and had seen eighteen years of service. Growing up a man of business as a banker, at Middletown, Pennsylvania, where he was born, and railroad president, he also inherited skill in politics. With his Pennsylvania delegation he was recognized as a power in the Republican conventions of l86S-'76 and 1880, and was largely instrumental in preventing the nomination of Mr. Blaine, and afterwards in accomplishing the election of Hayes and Garfield. Although rarely heard m the debates of the Senate, he wields great influence. He is no orator, but his speeches are practical and convincing. I lis young, beautiful and admired wife and accomplished daughters have made the social life and surroundings of his home at the capital among the foremost centers of attraction in fashionable life. The present Mrs. Cameron was Elizabeth .Sherman, daughter of Judge Charles Sherman, of Cleveland, the eldest brother of Senator and General .Slierman. The first Mrs. Cameron was Miss McCormick, daugliter of James McCormick, one of the most influ- ential and wealthy citizens of Ilarrisburg, Pa. The Senator's daughter, Eliza Cameron, is the wife of W. H. Bradley, son of Justice Bradley, of the Supreme Court of the United States, and resides in Newark, N. J. Virginia Cameron is the wife of Lieut. Alexander Rodgers, of the United States cavalry, and son of Admiral C. R, P. Rodgers. Miss Mary Cameron, who is in society, is beautiful and accomplished. The next child is James McCormick Cameron. Two younger daughters, at school in New York, are Margueretti and Rachel. Senator Voorhees entered the .Senate in 1877, upon the death of Oliver P. Morton. lie is sixty years of age, and has been a prominent actor in the Congressional and social life of ^^■a^^hinglon much of the time since 1861. His tall and well proportioned physicjue has given him the popular soubriquet. 96 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. "The Tall Sycamore of the Wabash." lie has a fine voice, and is an excel- lent speaker. A great affliction befel the household of the Senator and the circle of Sena- torial ladies in the sudden death of his wife, who was Anna Hardesty, daugh- ter of an early planter of the Shenandoah valley, but who moved to Indiana where Mrs. Voorhees was born. The Senators daughter, Harriet Voorhees, is well known in society. His eldest son, Charles Stewart Voorhees, represents Washington Territory as a Delegate in Congress. Another son is the Sena- tor's private secretary, and another a physician in New York. Senator Janits Burnie Beck, who is sixty-five years of age, possesses all the rugged virtues of his Scotch birth ar.d education. He began his career in the House of Representatives in 1867, remaining during four terms, and entered the Senate in 1877. The Senator is a ready speaker and takes an active part in the discussion of most questions before the Senate. The unexpected death of Mrs. Beck deprived society of one of its most interesting members. She was Jane Washington Thornton, granddaughter of Colonel John Thornton, of Virginia, aid to General Washington and his first cousin. Her grandmother, after whom she was named, was Washington's niece. In his will Washington bequeathed one twentieth of his estate each to Jane Thornton and Bettie Lewis. Bettie Beck, the Senator's daughter, is the accomplished wife of Major Green Clay Goodloe, United States Marine Corps. A son, George Thornton Beck, thirty years old, is a ranchman and farmer in Northern Wyoming. Preston B. Plumb, of Kansas, prominent on the floor of the Senate, as is his colleague distinguished in the chair, is fifty years of age, an Ohioan by birth, but went to Kansas in 1856, where he filled various public positions and served as an officer in the Rebellion. He was an entire stranger to Washington life when he entered the Senate in 1877, but since has been one of its interesting figures. Mrs. Plumb, owing to ill health, has not appeared in society for some time. One of the most courtly gentlemen in the Senatorial circle is Matthew C. Butler, of South Carolina. His mother was Jane T. Perry, youngest sister of Commodore Oliver H. Perry, the hero of the battte of Lake Erie. His father, who was a surgeon in the United States navy, met Miss Perry in New- port, R. I. She was then a beautiful girl of nineteen. He resigned from the navy. They were married, went to South Carolina, and made their home at the Butler family seat, Edgefield. The Senator's father was William Butler, who succeeded Waddy Thompson in Congress in 1841. His uncle, Col. Pierce M. Butler, Governor of South Carolina, commanded the Palmetto regiment in the Mexican war, and was killed at Cherebusco. Senator Butler, after a career at the bar and in the State Legislature, served with distinction in the Confeder- THE SENATORS AND THEIR LADIES. t)) ate service, losing a leg in one of the fiercest battles of the war, and entered the Sen .te in 1877. At that time he was forty-one years of age. Mrs Butler belongs to the best families of llie Palmetto State, and, with her daughters, has always been the center of an attractive circle of fiiends in capital society. George F. Hoar, of Massachusetts, who has crossed the line of sixty in years, has been more or less prominent in political life in Massachusetts since 1852. He was in the National Conventions of 1876, 1880 and 1884, presiding over that of 1880. He was one of the electoral commission of 1876. He is more of a collegian than a society man, has a number of degrees, and belongs to many learned societies. Mrs. Hoar mingles but little in society, owing to her health. John T. Morgan, of Alabama, born in 1824, started in political life as S Presidential elector at large in 1S60, for Breckenridge ar.d Lane. He rose from private to Bridgadier Cieneral in tlie Confederate service. Upon the re- turn of peace he resumed the practice of law, continuing until his elevation to the Senate in 1877. The Senator is a gentleman of quiet manners, but inter- esting in social conversation. Mrs. Morgan was Cornelia Willis, of Alabama. Her two daughters, Mary and Cornelia, are young ladies of great gentleness and winning ways. George Morgan, a son, is a merchant at Alma, Arkansas. In the Senatorial representation of New Jersey is John Roderi; McPherson, a Jersey City alderman, president of a gas company, a State Senator and Til- den elector before he entered the ujijier branch of Congress in 1877, at forty- four years of age. He entertains handsomely. Mrs. McPherson, who was a Miss Gregory, is a leader of Washington society, and forms one of that cir- cle of married ladies who ornament the social life of the Democratic side of the Senate. Although politics has nothing to do with the gay life of the capital, it has some influence in l)ringing ladies into closer social intercourse than might otherwise occur. In the circ!eof her friends she is very popular. She has a handsome son, Gregory, now a student at the Pennsylvania Military Academy. Among the Senators who also began their terms in 1877, arc Isham G. Harris, of Tennessee, and Richard Coke, of Texas. After serving two terms in Congress, 1849 to 1853, Mr. Harris turned his attention to law and poli- tics, having been elected Governor, and having served on the staff of the commanding general of the Confederate army of the Tennessee He per- sued his profession upon the restoration of peace until he entered the .Senate. Senator Coke, a native of Virginia, went to Texas a few years after its inde- pendence to practice law. He took up arms in t';e southern cause and was subsecjuently a udge, and resigned the governorship to e ter the Senate. 7 98 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. General Wade Hampton, like his colleague, belongs to one of the promi- nent families of South Carolina in colonial, Revolutionary, State, and Na- tional affairs. He was born in Charleston in 1818, rose to Governor and en- tered the Senate of the United States in 1879. Mrs. Hampton, a daughter of Governor and Senator McDuffy, and her daughter Mary Singleton Hamp- ton, fill a pleasant place in the Senatorial circle. Miss Hampton is tall, with a commanding figare, and remarkable powers of conversation. The State of Connecticut h's in Gen. Joseph R. Hawley and Orvill H. Piatt, two Senators who figure prominently in the social life of Washington. Gen. Hawley is a descendant of Samuel Hawley, who settled at Strafford in 1639. His father, as a young man, went to North Carolina to seek his fortune and married there. Owing to this circumstance, Joseph R. Hawley was the only direct descendant of the settler of Strafford born outside the boundaries of Connecticut. He returned to Hartford as a young man and engaged in law and journalism. He was editor, Brevet Major General, Governor, President of the Convention of 1868, which nominated U. S. Grant for President, and Representative in Congress before he entered the United States Senate in 1881. The Senator is socially represented ]>y Miss Kate Foote, who has presided over his household since the death of her sister, Harriet Foote Hawley, during the season of 1885-6. Their aunt was the wife of Lyman Beecher, the mother of Henry Ward Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Miss Kate Foote, Ade- line Hawley, cousin of the Senator, and Margaret Hawley, a niece and adopted daughter, make up the Senator's family. Miss Foote is the regular Washington correspondent of the Independent, New York, and contributor to the Century and other magazines. Senator Piatt, a prominent figure, politically, officially and socially in Con- necticut, where he was born in 1827, did not enter the social life of the National Capital until he did so as a Senator eight years ago. Mrs. Piatt was Annie P. Bull, daughter of James B. Bull, residing near Towanda, Pa. She is a niece of Chief Justice Lewis, of Pennsylvania. Her father was also one of the pioneer editors of Bradford county and a Canal Commissioner of the early days. Mrs. Piatt is a most estimable lady, and a great favorite in society. The State of Maine is represented in the Senatorial circle by Eugene Hale, who became a Senator in 1881, as the successor of Hannibal Hamlin, and Wil- liam P. Frye, who entered upon the resignation of James G. Blaine, in 1881. . Both gentlemen have distinguished records in National legislation in both Houses of Congress. Senator Hale declined the Postmaster Generalship in the Grant, and the Secretaryship of the Navy in the Hayes administrations, preferring the influence of his position in Congress. Senator Frye, with his THE SENATORS AND THEIR LADIES. 99 colleague, is one of the foremost champions of the rights of American fisher- men, a. re .dy debator, forcible speaker, and an attractive member of Wash- ington society. The Hale family settled in Massachusetts in 1630, at Newbury. The ladies of the families of the Senators from Maine are also well known and jiopular in society. Mrs. Hale was Mary Chandler, only child of the Michigan stalwart "Zack" Chandler, millionaire, Senator, Cabinet Minister and jiolitical leader in the days of the Senatorial oligarchy and heroic methods of political manipulation. Mrs. Krye was Caroline F. Spear, daughter of the brave old skipper, Captain Arch Spear, of Rockland, Me. His heroic deeds on the great deep are among the treasures of the folk-lore of the rock ribbed coast of the Pine Tree State. Her two cliarming daughters, Helen E., now Mrs. Wallace H. White, of Lewiston, Me., whose husband is a prominent lawyer, and Alice, now Mrs. Frank H, Briggs, of Auburne, Me., whose hus- band is a fancy stock raiser are well known in Washington society. Nelson W. Aldrich is one of the handsome members of the Senatorial cir- cle, and is in the pri.ue of life, being forty-six. He began his active career as a merchant, but drifting into politics, was in the Providence council, Rhode Island Legislature, and was chosen Senator of the United States while still in tlie House of Representatives. Mrs. Aldrich was Abby P. Green, the beautiful ward of one of Providence's well-known merchants. Her daughter Lucy, will finish school this year, and will make her debut in Washington next winter. Her second daughter, Ab- by, not in her teens, is under the instruction of a governess. There are also five boys in the Senator's family, who are being educated under the care of Mrs. Aldrich. Phdetus Sawjer went westward with his parents from Vermont to New York, and as a young man of thirty-one, engaged in lumbering in Wisconsin, in which he amassed a large fortune. He has always been active in Repub- lican Stale and National jiolitics. He was in Congress from 1865 to 1873, and became a Senator in 18S1. His wife was Malvina M. Hadley, also a na- tive of Vermont. They were married in Essex county. New York. Mrs. Sawyer being an invalid, her daughter Mrs. Howard G. White, of Syracuse, New ^'ork, presides over her father's household during the season at Wash- ington, and makes his social surroundings unusually attractive. Henry W. Blair, of New Hampshire, entered the .Senate in 1879, after two terms spent in the House. He served as a Lieutenant Colonel tlirough the war. He is fifty three years of age and takes an active interest in legislation to secure moral reforms. The Senators Scotcli-Irish ancestors from London- derry, Ireland, settled in Londonderry, New Hampshire. Mrs. Blair was Eliza A. Nelson, of Plymouth, N. H., daughter of Rev. lOO SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. William Nelson, an expounder of the faith of John Wesley, and intimate per- sonal and life-long friend of President Pierce, who tendered liim the appoint- ment of cliaplain of his regiment for the Mexican war. Mrs. Blair is a lady of abundant charitab'e work. She has from the beginning lieen connected with the establisliment and struggles of the Garfield Hospital, Washington. The Senator and his amiable wife take an active part in the social gayeties of the eapital during the season. Arthur P. Gorman is the politician of the Democratic side of the Senate. He began life as a page in the Senate. He has always played a prominent part in Maryland politics. He was forty-one years of age when, in i88i, he defeated William Pinkney White, a most astute politician, for a seat in the United States Senate. He was one of the most energetic leaders of the Cleve- land campaign, of 1884, and has ever since enjoyed the closest relations with the administration. The Senator is represented socially by one of the leaders of Washington fashionable life. Mrs. Gorman is remembered at the picturesque and busy capital of Berks, in Pennsylvania, as tlie beautiful Hannah Donegan, daughter of Dr. Joseph Donegan, of Reiding. When she became Mrs. Gorman she was the widow of Jordan Schwartz, one of the brightest lights of the Berks county bar. Arthur P. Gorman met and married in Wasliington this lady who has adorned his household during most of his rising career, from when still holding a subordinate place in the body of which he is now a distinguished mem- ber. His diughters, who inherit the attractions and gifts of their mother, are at school. A young son is his father's constant companion in his hours of leisure. George Graham Vest, of Missouri, born in Kentucky in 1830, a man of fine education, after serving a year in the Confederate army, was a Represent- ative and Senator in the Confederate Congress, and entered the United States Senate in 1878. Senator Vest is a fine speaker, and equally popular in the Senate and in society. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. Both his paternal and maternal grandfathers served under Washington from the beginning to the close of the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Vest was Sarah E. Sneed, who was born in Garrard county, Kentucky, and was the daughter of Alexander Sneed, whose father was a Revolutionary soldier, and lived to the advanced age of one hundred and two years, having died at his son's residence near Danville, Kentucky, in the year 1855. Her mother's name was Campbell, belonging to the Campbell family near Abing- ton, Va. ; her grandfather. Col. William Campbell, commanded a regiment in the American army at the battle of King's mountain. Senator Vest has one daughter, the wife of G. P. B. Jackson, a lawyer re- siding at Sedalia, Missouri. Zebulon B. v'ance, a native of Buncombe county. North Carolina, dating THE SENATORS AND THEIR LADIES. lOI back to 1830, is one of tlie characters of the 'enatoiial and social circles. His conversational powers are unique and amusing, and liis fund of good stories inexliaustible. He was in Congress from 1857 to 1861, when he took a dash at war at the head of a Confederate regiment, but was made Governor in 1862. In 1870 he applied for admission to the Senate, but was refused. Having been defeated in a second trial by bolters, and meanwhile elected Governor for the third lime, in 1879 he was again elected and was given his seat. The wife of the Senator was Florence Steele, of Louisville, Ky., but became Mrs. Vance after she had been Mrs. Martin She is a lady of many attractions, and has many friends in society, being the central figure of a large social circle. James L. I'ugh, one of the working members of the Senate, is a Georgian, but went to Alabama in 1824, when four years of age. He was a Taylor Whig elector in 184S, a Buch-nan Democratic elector in 1856, and entered Congress in 1859, but left it when Alabama seceeded. He was in the Confederate ser- vice as a private, but left that duty for a seat in the Confedera'e Congress. He entered the Senate of the United States in 1880. Mrs. Pugh was Sara Serena Hunter, daughter of Gen. John L. Hunter, of South Carolina, who removed to Alabama in 1835, when his daughter was quite young. The Senator's daughter, Laura Theresa, is the wife of Alfred \V. Cochran, Assistant Journal Clerk of the House of Representatives, and another daughter is Mrs. J. D. Elliott, of Ann Arbor, Michigan. He has four sons, Edward L., James L., John C, and Henry L. Pugh. James Z. George was a private in Col. Jefferson Davis' regiment of Missi- sippians in the Mexican war. He is the compiler of a number of law Reports and Digests, voted for and signed the ordinance of secession of Mississippi, and went into the field. He was Chief Just ice of the Supreme Court of Mississip- pi, which he resigned in 1881 to take his seat in the Senate of the United States. The Senator's wife was Elizabeth Young, of Carrollton, Mississippi. Her five daughters are Eli/.abeih, an exceedingly bright young lady who acts as private secretary to her father and represents him socially during her mother's absence; Eannie, wife of Mr. T. J. George, merchant of Meriden; Emma, wife of Mr. J. B. Hemingway, lawyer of Jackson; Kate, wife of Mr. F. M. .Mdridge, planter of Yazoo Delta, and Mary, the wife of Rev. William Hayne Lcavell, a Congregational pastor near Boston, Massachusetts. He has four sons residing in Mississi|)pi. Wilkinson Call, a Kentuckian by birth, was chosen to the United States Senate by the Florida I,egi^lature immediately after the war of the Rebe.lion, but was refused admission. He again lianded in credentials in 1879, as Sena- torial Ambassador of the lanhed service in seven Congresses ; S. J. R. McMillan, of Minnesota, re- tired after a service of twelve }ears in the ranks of the .Senators; Samuel B. Maxey, of Texas, who broke the Republican succession from the lone star State ; Johnson N. Camden, of West Virginia, defeated after a long and des- perate struggle to be his own successor ; Washington Curran Whitthorn, of Tennessee, conspicuous as a representative in six Congresses before he was invested with the Senatorial mantle of II. P2. Jackson, by appointment, and who has been returned to the ranks of the Representatives of the Fiftieth Congress ; Charles W. Jones, of Florida, whose unrequited affections expend- ed in L>etroit cost him the honors which awaited him at Tallehassee, and James Graham Fair, of \he Bonanza regency of Nevada, who was more inter- ested in the fluctuations of mining slocks than the dull monotony of legislation. In the brief space of a single session, few persons in the history of the Sen- ate have taken so prominent a place in the official and social life of a Senator as Person C. Cheney, of New Hampshire. He began the active affairs of life as a youth in important industrial enterprises, rising to the position of jiresident of a number of extensive financial and industrial corporations and in the midst of his great business responsibilities, performed the duties of an honored and useful citizen as legislator, soldier, mayor, and governor. Mrs. Cheney, a tail, queenly, and agreeable lady, made her first ajipear- 8 114 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. ance in society, in Washington, as the wife of a Senator in the season of 1886-7. It, however, was not her first season, having passed several winters at the capital superintending the education of her accomplished daughter, Ag- nes, who will soon make her formal entrance into society. Mrs. Cheney was Miss Sarah W. While, of Lowell. Her father, a Lowell manufacturer, was the first person to employ power in the making of card clothing. When she became Mrs. Cheney, in 1S50, she was Mrs. Keith, a widow, residing in Illi- nois. During the war she came to Washington and nursed her husbind, then an officer in the Thirteenth New Hampshire regiment, through a protracted and almost fatal illness, and from which he only recovered through the care of his devoted wife. Among the retiring ladies who were prominently known in the social life of the Senatorial circle were the members of the family of Senator Warner Miller, of New York. Mrs. Miller was Caroline Churchill, of Gloverville. She was assisted in her social duties by her sister, Miss Cora Churchill, one of the group of beautiful unmarried ladies for whom Mrs. Cleveland had a great fondness. Mrs. Miller belongs to the celebrated family of Randolph Church- ill, England's young and aggressive statesman. The original stock divided in this country, one branch settling in Virginia, and the other in New Eng- land. She is descended from the latter branch. During her residence at the seat of Government, Mrs. Miller surrounded herself with young ladies cele- brated for their rare beauty and social accomplishments. The ladies of the Churchill family were great belles of the Mohawk valley, and the types which Mrs. Miller and her sister had among their guests, added to the fame of the women of that charming section of inland New York. Mrs. Harrison v as Caroline Scott, a daughter of John W. Scott, D. D , a Presbyterian clergyman, professor of a female seminary at Oxford, Ohio, and of a Washington county, Pennsylvania, family. She is a lady ot fine gifts, and admired for her social qualities. Her daughter, Miss INIamie Har- rison, is Mrs. McKee, of Indianapolis, Ind , wife of a merchant. Her son, Russell B. Harrison, whose wife is a daughter of Ex- United States Senator Saunders, of Nebraska, is in business at Helena. Montana. The wife of the junior Senator from California, Mr. Williams, was Miss Bethania Dunbar, of Fairfield, Maine, daughter of one of the enterprising lumber men of that State of vast forests, intellectual women, and distinguished men. She was a favorite in society during her three months residence at Washington as a member of the Senatorial circle. Mrs Van Wyck was Kate Broadhead, daughter of Colonel John H. Broad- head, farmer and merchant, of Pike county, Pennsylvania, and descendant of the colonial and revolutionary family of Broadhead. THE SENATORS RETIRED AND EI.ECT. II5 Mrs. Mitchell was Alice Archer, daughter of II. S. Archer, of Wellsboro^ of the (.lislinguished colonial and revolutionary Maryland family of that name, and one of the pioneers in Northern Pennsylvania. Miss Clara Mitchell, an attractive young lady under twenty, the child of a former wife, appeared with her father in society in Washington, and received a great deal of attention. Mrs. Mitchell is a woman of domestic inclinations. The Senator has two sor s, one of whom has resided in Dakota, and the other remains in Washing- ton. Senator Mitchell's maternal great grand-mother was Anna Allen, a rel- ative of Ethan Allen "the great Jehovah and the Continental Congress" hero of Ticonderoga. Mrs. Whitthorn was Jane Campbell, a distant relative of President Polk. Her father was Colonel Robert Campbell, one of the Tennessee pioneers from North Cirolina Miss Lillie, a daughter of the ex-Senator is Mrs. Charles P. Cecil, wife of a large stock farmer near Danville, Kentucky. An- other daughter, Ella, is Mrs. Alexander Harvey, of Baltimore. Miss Mary W'hitthorn in society assists her mother in her social duties. Mrs. Mahone was Otelia Butler, of Smithfield, Isle of Wight county, Vir- ginia, daughter of Robert Butler, former State Treasurer of Virginia. Her daughter Otelia Butler Mahone, one of the debutants of the season, is very pretty and attractive. Both Mrs. Mahone and her daughter were among the most popular ladies in Washington social life. Mrs. Conger was .Stella Humphreys, daughter of Judge Humphreys, of Ohio. Miss Florence Conger, daughter of the ex-Senator by a former wife, who was Miss Barker, of Mansfield, was well known in society. Mrs. Sewell, a lady of fine social traits remained at her home at Camden, in New Jersey, caring for her domestic surroundings there. In the list of Senators elect are two gentlemen who are known to Washing- ton society as former memliers of tlie Senatorial circle. The first is W illiam Morris Stewart, who was one of tiie two Senators to represent Nevada in the Senate upon the admission of that State into the Union in 1863, and who served until 1875. Mrs. Stewart is a daughter of ex-Governor Henry S. Foote, of Mississippi. The elegant mansion occupied by the Chinese Legation was built by the Senator, and was the first of the fine residences erectedin the fash- ionable "West End" of Washington twelve years ago. Mrs. Stewart and her daughter, whose debut was one of the most brilliant social events of that (lay at the capital, were leaders of society. .\lgcrnon .S. Paddock, of Nebraska, the other former Senator, figured promi- nently in the .Senatorial circle from 1875 to '81, when he was succeeded by Charles S. Van Wyck. He in turn now displaces Mr. Van Wyck. Da\id Turpie, who will succeed Senator Harrison, is fifty-nine years of age. Il6 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Upon the expulsion of Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana, from the Senate of the United States, in 1863, the Legislature chose Mr. Turpie to fill the unexpired term of aljout fifty days. He is a man of undoubted ability, a good lawyer, and speaker. Matthew Stanley Quay, Senator-elect from Pennsylvania, is a man of mid- dle age, has had a long and successful career as politician, 'tate ofticial, and legislator. He was reared among the trusted lieutenants of the elder Came- ron, and is one of the most skillful masters of the art of politics in public life. Mrs. Quay, who was Miss Barkley, of one of the early families of the Beaver Valley, Pa., is a lady of culture and social traits. She will take a prominent place among the popular ladies of the Senatorial circle. Miss Mame Quay, the Senator-elect's eldest daughter will make her debut in Washington, and will be one of the belles of the season. Francis B. Stockbridge has had much experience in Michigan politics and legislation. He is about sixty years of age, a man of large wealth, and has an interesting family to preside over the social affairs of his household. He declined the mission to the Hague, tendered by President Grant fifteen years ago, on account of the ill health of Mrs. Stockbridge. Frank Hiscock, of New York, whose election was the outgrowth of the Miller-Morton deadlock, in the New York Legislature, is well known as one of the conspicuous figures of the Republican side of the House of Represent- atives for five Congresses, and had been elected the sixth time when chosen to the Senate. Mrs. Hiscock, who was Cornelia King, is a daughter of Al- bert King, a prominent merchant of Tully, New York. She has always held a prominent place in social life £.t Washington, as much for her loveliness of manner, as for her loveliness of person. Ex-Governor W. Bate, Senator elect from Tennessee, a gentleman of ability and experience in State affairs, in his wife and daughter will be able to make the social side of his Senatorial career peculiarly attractive. Mrs. Bate, who is not much given to society, still takes pride in her social duties for the sake of her husband. Her daughter Susan, who has just finished her educa- tion, and will make her debut next season, is a fine conversationalist, an ex- cellent pianist, and performs well on the guitar and banjo, which she prefers as an accompaniament to her voice. Cushman K. Davis, of Saint Paul, not only one of the most expert politi- cians in Minnesota, but a close student and a pungent orator, will figure prominently not only in the Senate on account of his own abilities, but in the social world for the beauty, grace and tact of his wife. She is one of the most attractive women in the northwest, brilliant in conversation and in music, a dashing equestrienne, and fearless at the reins. She was the leader of the THE SENATORS RETIRED AND ELECT. II7 best society at Minnesota's capital, both in private life and when her husband occupied the Executive chair of the State. Rufus Blodget came to New Jersey from New Hampshire, and in fifteen years not only had control of the party machinery, but carried off the Sena- torship with the most experienced leaders of the Democratic regency against him. The Senator is less than fifty-five, and has the instincts of a statesman. Mrs. Blodget is a lady of fine social accomplishments, and will be a desirable acquisition to the circle of Senatorial ladies. After a protracted and hopeless struggle among the recognized candidates, Samuel Pasco, a native of England, forty-eight years of age, secured the Sen- atorship to succeed the erratic Jones, of Florida. He went to P'lorida to teach school. lie studied law, married, and settled there. He has always been active in Democratic politics, is a man of positive ability, handsome, of agree- able manners, and popular with the young Democracy. Charles J. Faulkner who severed the Gordian knot of the Senatorial strug- gle in West Virginia, is a son of Charles James Faulkner, an anti-bellum Representative in Congress, and James Buchanan's Minister to France. He is forty seven years of age, and a gentleman of ability, and universally popular. John H. Regan, of Texas, who was Postmaster General in the Cabinet of Jefferson Davis, having been elected to the last seven Congresses consecu- tively, is well known in the affairs of the House of Representatives. He is a man of ability and amiability. Mrs. Regan and daughter are hospitable in their home circle, but have never had a fondness for an aggressive part in social affairs. George Hearst, of California, one of the wealthiest men in the Senate, will add, through the ladies of his family, a large amount of gayety to the fashion- able life of the capital. Mrs. Hearst is fond of society, and with a lavish hand contributed to the entertainments of the season. The Senator having filled the interim, by appointment, in the Senate of the United States, from the death ofSenator Miller, to the election of Mr. Williams by the Legislature of California, and his own election by the succeeding Legislature for the full term of six years, to 1893, gave him practically, a place in the Senatorial circle. Mrs. Hearst's Drawing Rooms have been exceptionally attractive. John Warwick Daniel, of Virginia, who succeeds William Mahone, is a legal authority of repute, and a finished orator. He possesses much of the courtliness of the old time Virginian. He made a good record in the Forty- ninth Congress. He belongs to the debt-paying Democracy of the Old Do- minion. H8 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. CHAPTER XVII. The Chief Justice of the United States and Justices. The third co-ordinate branch of the oovernment — the place of the chief justice— his title — the justices — their rank — the high social place of the court -ircle— its members open the cere- monial and social season at the capital — chief justice and MRS. WAITE — THE justices AND THE LADIES OF THEIR FAMILIES — ADHERENCE TO OLD FORMS. (r\R HE Supreme Court of the United States represents the third coordinate ii| branch of the National government. It had its origin m the third article ^jj[. of the Constitution, its organization sprang from statutory enactments of the First and succeeding Congresses, and its ceremonial and social preroga- tives, usages and relations are sequential of its high jurisdiction, as expounder of the Constitution, laws and treaties, and adjudicator of causes between States, domestic or foreign, or citizens or subjects of the same. The Supreme tribu- nal eml)races the Chief Justice of the United States and Associate Justices at the seat of government, and the remamder of its personnel and powers are distributed throughout the States among Judges of Districts and Judges of Circuit Courts, besides Judges of Territorial Courts, and the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. The personnel of the Court is the only branch of the public service holding office by a life tenure. It is therefore, officially and socially, within its own sphere and in the exercise of its functions, wholly independent of the executive or legislative departments of the government. Its superannuated members are the beneficiaiies of the first law placed on the statute books of the United States in 1869, creating a civil pension list, its retiring members receiving $10,000 a year for life. In the distribution of the functions of the Constitution, it is declared that the judicial power of the United States "shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The Supreme Court is, therefore, one of the three constitu- tional bodies of the government. Its first officer is specially designated as " The Chief Justice," who is required to preside when the President is tried by impeachment. This provision of the sipreme law establishes the constitutional precedence of the Chief Justice and the Senators. The Senators, under oath, constitute the tribunal for the impeachment of the President. They are the High Court of Impeachment, and by constitutional requirement the Chief Justice must pre- THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES AND JUSTICES. I 19 side. As the spirit of all jurisprudence in tlie United States requires that every [lerson siiall he tried by his peers, the Senators acting as judges and jury jire- sided over by the Chief Justice in the performance of the high duties devolving upon them in the premises are the constitutional peers of the President. In the cumulative functions of the Chief Justice and Senators as the arrange- ment of their powers proceed in constitutional definement, there can be no ap- propriate and rational assignment of their places in the scale of constitutional and social importance other than the order assigned them as the President, the Vice-President, or President /rio tern., in the event of a vacancy, the Chief Justice and the Senators. The titles of the members of the Court were determined at its earliest meet- ings, in the same spirit that the first Congress disposed of the question of the title of the President of the United States. The Chief Justice is the Consti- tutional title of the presiding officer of the Court, and Associate Justices is the statutory title of the other members of- the one Sujireme Court." There has been some controversy as to whether the title should be " Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States ' or "Chief Justice of the United States." Among the early Chief Justices both these forms were in vogue. His commission, however, designates him by the former title. The Constitution designates him simply as the "Chief Justice." Chief Justice Chase insisted upon the second form. During the trial of President Andrew Johnson, under articles of impeachment, Chief Justice Chase insisted in the deliberations, upon the title " Chief Justice of the United States." The act of 1869, through his instrumentality, recognized that title by providing that the Supreme Court should consist of " One Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associates, &;c." That by analogy would be his Constitutional title as the head of the third coordinate branch of the government, whatever might be his title as the Chief of the one Supreme Constitutional tril)unal. The practice since the beginning has been to address the memliers of the Court as " Mr. Chief Justice," " Mr. Justice, ' or the same with the surname added. The same form would be proper for the superscription of an unofii cial letter. Official or ceremonial communications should be addressed by the title sim]>ly, or the name without complimentary title, followed by the official title. The same foe the Justices of the Court. There has been much controversy as to the order of precedence between a Senator and a Justice. The latter have always claimed priority of rank, and as a rule Senators have accorded that precedence doubtless more as a matter of ofiicial or sccial interest than of propriety or sequence of authority and pow ers under the Constitution. There can be no doubt as to the precedence of a Justice, though statutory as to title, over a member of the Cabinet, as the Con- I20 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. stitution provides that there shall be " One Supreme Court," but it does not provide that there shall be any Cabinet. It does provide that there shall be a Senate, and the Senators try the President as his peers, presided over by the "Chief Justice," not of the Supreme Court, but infereutially of the Uni- ted States, and in which the Justices take no part whatever. Even the Chief Justice holds office upon the advice and consent of the Senators, and might, on the theory of sequence of ceremonial value or importance, under the Constitu- tion, hold a subordinate place but for his Constitutional duties over the Sena- tors when sitting as a High Court of Impeachment of the President of the United States. The Justices do not enjoy the benefits of this Constitutional discrimination, and hold their office as much l)y virtue of the advice and con- sent of the Senators as by appointment of the President. It is asserted in support of the claim for precedence over the Senators, that the Justices of the Supreme Court have the Constitutional power to nullify their acts, and that it is the only tribunal in the world which has that supreme power. That is replied to affirmatively as to legislation, but does not apply di- rectly to the Senators, but to the President of the United States, whose ap- proval alone consummates the act of legislation. If the fact of nullification of an act of Congress approved by the President, which alone makes it possible to come under the interpreting power of the Supreme Court, gave precedence, then the Chief and Justices of the third coordinate branch might claim prece- dence of tlie executive power. The Senators' simple participation in legislation IS not their sole relation to the members of the Court, as they can nullify the ap- pointing power of the President, which invests them as individuals with supreme Judicial powers of Justice. The claims of precedence apply to the Represent- atives as their powers are solely legislative, but in the economy of things not to the Senators. The Senate, like the Supreme Court, is also a continu- ous body. The Supreme Court circle, being composed ot scholarly men and relieved by the life tenure of their office from the necessity of seeking continued prefer- ment through studious regard for political influences, represents the highest standard of the social scale at the seat of government. Its social surround- ings are defined. Its range of social recognition is confined to the higher spheres of official life, and distinguished personages by selection in fashiona- ble circles. It excludes much that is admissible at the levees of the President, and is not thronged with the social multitude which hover about Congress. The assembling of the Supreme Court on the second Monday in October is always the occasion of the beginning of the ceremonial courtesies, which are annually exchanged between the coordinate powers of the government. In conformity with uniform custom since the first meeting of the Court on the THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES AND JUSTICES. I2l Statutory day of assembling the Chief Justice and Jus ices, in their robes of office, take their seats ujion the Supreme bench and begin their session. After preliminary directions as to the commencement of business, the court adjourns. Having laid aside their robes, the Court in a body, attended by its own officers and accompanied by the Attorney General and the Solicitor General, proceed to the Executive Mansion, and, being formally announced, are received by the President in the audience parlor. The Chief Justice congratulates the Presi- dent upon his appearance and good health. After the Justices in turn present their compliments, the Court retires. It is then custom to leave a card at the residence of the \'ice-President, that high functionary being ex-officio chief officer of the upper body of Congress, the second coordinate branch of the government. In case of a vacancy in that ofi'ice, the President pro tempore of the Senate would be entitled to similar mark of consideration, but the Court docs not concede this ceremonial obligation. The Piesident never returning a call in form, except that of a sovereign, ruler of a country or member of a royal family visiting Washington, does not return the call of the Court. Dur- ing the season, however, it is customary for him to give a state dinner in its honor. The Vice-President, if in the city, or within a reasonable time after his return, leaves a card at the residence of the Chief Justice. This introductory ceremonial occasion is followed by calls of etiquette among the members of the court and their ladies in society, the Justices first calling upon the Chief Justice, and then junior upon senior Justices, return calls being made in the same order of precedence. The ladies of the court are at home on Mondays during the season, at which time persons in social relations with the court circle, or others in polite society, may call, the dress on these occasions being street costume. These Mondays at iiome give rise to a general move- ment in social circles, followed by a round of courtesies in advance of the rush of gayety in fashionable life, which comes later during the Congressional and administration seasons. The code of etiquette of the Supreme Court circle was founded in the early social practices of the old school of manners established by the first President and his wife, and incorporated into the social regime of the Court by its first Chief Justice. The preeminent public services of John Jay, and the high so- cial inheritance and accomplishments of his wife, Sarah Livingston, a daughter of William Livingston, of the A or over one fifth of the entire membership of thj constituent National Assembly of the people. While the whole area of this group comprises but one hundred and ten thousand square miles, it is the most populous section of the country, embracing eleven millions of people, or over one fifth of the ag- gregate population of the entire thirty-eight States of tlie Union. It is also tlie financial, commercial, mercantile, manufacturing, and mining center of the Republic. The "Empire State," New York, has the largest number of Representa- tives in its delegation. They are generally men of professional or mercantile pursuits. The suburban metropolis of Brooklyn leads the list in the numeri- cal order of districts, with Perry Belmont, a young man of thirty-six, son of the founder of an early and powerful financial house, and prominent in parlia- mentary circles as chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Felix Campbell, an iron pipe manufacturer is one of the "bosses " of Kings county, with a great deal of political adroitness mingled with native wit. Darwin R. James, a prominent merchant, and man of ability, the only Repultlican from Brooklyn, will be succeeded by Stephen V. White, of the s:me political faith. Mrs. Tames, a lady of varied attractions, spent the season at the capital. Peter P. Mahoney, a dry goods merchant, never held a public office until he became a Representative. Archibald M. Bliss, brought up a merchant, was Republican alderman, mayor of Brooklyn, a delegate to the Republican conventions of 1864 and '68, to the Liberal Convention in 1872, gravitating into the Democratic National Con- ventions of 18S0 and '84. He is one of the most popular men in Congress. His maternal grandfather owned a large part of the land now occupied by East Brooklyn. His father built wharves and e tablished ferries between the two cities. Mrs. Bliss, deceased, was Maria Meserold, of an old Knick- erbocker family. Eleanor Bliss, a beautiful daughter, just entcrirg the age of ladyhoo.l, passed the winter, her first season, in Washington, with her father. Under the tender care of her paternal grandmother she grew from infancy to 136 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. womanhood. She is a lady of gentle manners, fine education, and a most ac- conrplislied musician. The great metropolis at the mouth of the Hudson, with more population than any one of twenty-two out of the tliirty-eight States of the Union, fur- nishes eight Representatives to the parliamentary and social circle of the House. Nicliolas Muller, a German American of the Duchy of Luxembourg, after spending twenty years in the ticket department of railroad management, entered Congress, and will be succeeded by Amos J. Gumming, a journalist of repute. John J. Adams, who will be succeeded by Lloyd S. Bryce, and Mrs. Adams, entertained pleasantly in the "West End." Timothy Campbell, from printer rose to politician, and is one of the popular men of his party. Samuel Sullivan Cox, editor, author, legislator, and diplomat, is one of the most fascinating men in the social life of the Representatives. After serving in four Congresses from Ohio, he removed to New York, and four years after began a new lease of public life, the present being his tenth Congress, in the new series. He was Speaker pro tern. Socially Representative and Mrs. Cox have always been prominent. Mrs. Cox was Julia Buckingham, of Zanesville, Ohio, Mr. Cox's native city, daughter of the builder oT the first elevator at Chicago. He was a man of means and influence. Mr. Cox's grandfather, Gen. James Cox, one of the pioneers of Ohio, was in Congress. In the retirement of Abram Stevens Hewitt, to accept the Mayorality of New York, the society of the Representatives lost one of its notable lights. He was a man of large wealth, information, and political importance. His abilities were also marked, he being conspicuous on financial and tariff ques- tions. His successor is Francis B, Spinola. Truman Adams Merriman, a journalist, is one of the active men in Democratic politics. William Bourke Cockran, will represent the East River district. Egl^ert L. Viele, who will have a Republican successor in Ashbel P. Fitch, was popular in society. He was a distinguished soldier in the Mexican and Indian wars and the Rebel- lion, risi g to Brigadier General. He designed Central Park, of New York, and Prospect Park, Brooklyn. He is author of standard works on geogra- phy, sanitation, and engineering.' Mrs. Yiele, a lady of fine social accom- plishments, was one of the bright stars of fashionable life during lier resi- dence at the capital. William G. Stahlnecker, former mayor of Yonkers, a politician of note, who represents the annex district of New York, is one of the handsomest and most popular men in the social life of the Representatives' circle. In his constituency reside the most opulent and poverty-stricken of New York's po]»ulation. Among the former was Samuel J. Tilden, and is Jay Gould. Mrs. Stahlnecker, formerly Miss Elizabeth Fairchild, is a lady of great beauty, and one of the favorite married ladies in so:ial life. THE MIDDLE STATES REPRESENTATIVKS. 1 37 Among other New York members of the Congressional circle from the inland districts, are Henry Bacon, of Goshen, entering his second term; John H. Kclchum, of Dover Plains, who resigned as a Brigadier General in the Re- bellion to enter Congress, and has served almost continuously since; James Girard Lindsley, of Koudout, six years mayor of Kingston, who will be fol- lowed by Stephen T. Hopkins ; Henry G. Burleigh, of White Hall, of the historic and picturesijue Lake Champlain district, whose successor will be Edward W. Greenman, of Troy; John Swinburn, formerly mayor of Albany, a jihysician of distinction in the medical service during the rebellion, and in charge of the American Ambulance Corps, during tlie seige of Paris, by the Prussians, who drops out of Congress, Nicholas T. Kane, of West Troy, be- ing his successor; George West, of Balston Spa, a leading Republican politi- cian ; Frederick A. Johnson, of Glen Falls, who will be succeeded by John H. Mofiilt, of Chateaugay Lake; Abraham P. Parker, of Pottsdam, a legislator and politician ; John Thomas Spriggs, ex-mayor of Utica, whose successor is James R. Sherman, a Republican ; John S Pendar, President of the village of Cobleskill, 1882-4, who ^'^ be succeeded by David Wilber, of Milford ; Stephen C. Millard, of Binghamton, whose successor is Milton Delano, of Conastota; Sereno K. Payne, of Auburn, who will be succeeded by Newton W Nutting, of Oswego; Thomas S. Flood, of Elmira, wlio will fill that va- car.t thstrict. La Davenport, one of the most brilliant Republican leaders of New York, and candidate for Governor , Charles Simeon Baker, of Roches- ter ; John Gilbert Sawyer, of Albion; John M. Farquhar, of Buffalo, Scotch born, of Ayr, son of a farmer, of the North of Scotland, breeder of the Fuller- ton Ayreshire cattle, a brave soldier of the rebellion; John B. Weber, of Buf- falo, a gallant soldier, and ex-sheriff of Erie county, and Walter L. Sessions, of Jamestown, well-known in State politics, who will be succeeded by Wil- liam G. Laidlaw, of Ellicottsville. Among their ladies in society were Mrs. Farquhar, who was Jane Wood, of Buffalo, daughter of W. B. Wood, a native of Cornwall, England; Mrs. Baker, who was Jane E. Yerkes, daughter of Silas A. Yerkes, of llie Phila- delphia fiuiiily of that name, who settled in Rochester in 1820, and became conspicuous in Inisiness and politics, is one of tlie most highly educated ladies in the Representatives' circle, having completed a five years' classical course at the Genesee Weslyan Seminary ; Mrs. Bacon, Mrs. Ketcham, who lives handsomely and entertains; Mrs. Swinburn, Mrs. Spriggs and daughter, Mrs. Millard, Mrs Payne, Mrs. Sawyer, Mrs. Weber and daugliter, and Mrs. Sessions. Next season the wife of Ira Davenport will be the bride of the Representatives circle, their marriage taking place after the close of Congress. Mrs. Davenjiort was Katherine Lawrence Sharpe, daughter of General George H. Sharpe, a prtinounced brunette, and very beautiful. 138 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. The Representatives and ladies of the New Jersey delegation make an in- teresting group in the social circle of the lower House. George Hires, of Salem, made himself felt as an industrious legislator. Mrs. Hires was Artie Padget, daughter of Captain Amos Padget, a wtll- known steamboat captain plying in the waters of New Jersey and New York, When she became Mrs. Hires she was Mrs. Hoogy, a widow. Her daughter will enter society next year. The capital district is represented by James Buchanan, who, unlike the dis- tinguished Pennsylvanian of tliat name, is a Republican. Although the last was his first term in Congress, his antecedent public career in State affairs gave him an equipment of experience and information which he applied with great service to his constituency, his State and his country. He is one of the most active champions of protection, particularly in earthenware and chma, the finest works of the kind being in his district. Mrs. Buchanan was a daughter of Mr. Bullock, a prominent merchant of Fleming. Her death was a sad loss. She was prominent in works of charity, assisting Mrs. Logan and other ladies. The ladies of the societies of which she was an active member passed resolutions of regret. Robert S. Green, who stepped out of Congress into the Gubernatorial chair in the last campaign, left the Congressional succession to fall into the hands of John Kean, Jr., of Elizabeth, a Republican. While the Governor was dispensing political favors at Trenton, Mrs. Greenand her popular daugh- ters, Kate, Isabella and Caroline, finished out the season at Washington be- fore they went to adorn the social surroundings of the Gubernatorial office of New Jersey, Their drawing-rooms were among the most attractive m the Congressional circle, Mrs. Green was Miss Mulligan, daughter of the presi- dent of the Second Avenue railroad, New York, a prominent Tammany Hall politician, and sister of the celebrated Colonel Mulligan, of the New York volunteers, in the late war. Miss Belle Green was the queen of the Gypsy dance in the Kirmes at Elizabeth last season, and created quite a furore among the fashionables, A son, Robert S, Green, Jr.,. is the fourth in direct descent in that family educated at Princeton. James Nelson Pidcock, began life as a civil engineer and served three years as a Democratic State Senator. William Walter Phelps, the millionaire of the delegation, is best known in political life as one of the close friends and advisers of James G. Blaine. As a delegate-at-large in the convention of 18S0, Mr. Phelps was one of the lead- ers of the Blaine forces, when Garfield, through infidelity to Shermaii and faithlessness to Blaine, walked off with the Presidential nomination. He is a man of slight frame, weighing not over one hundred and twenty pounds, with THE MIDDLE STATES REPRESENTATIVES. 1 39 an oval face, conspicuous eyes and a forehead ornamented with an artistic bang, which might be the envy of any beautiful maiden. As an active and intelli- gent Representative, his counsel and adv'ce carry great weight in the parlia- mentary manteuvers on the Repulican side. Mrs. Phelps is one of the dis- f tinguished ladies in Washington society life. She was Ellen M. ShefBeld, daughter of Joseph E. Sheffield, founder of the Sheffield Scliool of Science, an adjunct of Vale College. Mr. Siieffield was a large operator in cotton at the South, and amassed a fortune. He went to New Haven to educate his children, and there met Henry Farnham, an experienced engineer. Mr. Sheffield fur- nished the capital to take the contract for the construction of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad, one of the first built across the State of Illi- nois. The road was completed before the termination of the limit of the con- tract. Mr. Sheffield, under these circumstances, operated the line himself for one year witli great profits. Mrs. Phelps is not only a very beautiful and ac- complished lady herself, but her daughter, Marian, a young lady under twen- ty, has a queenly figure and many accomplishments. She was educated at Paris and Stuttgart, under the care of a governess, and at Madame Febvre's celebrated sciiool at Baltimore. Herman Leidbach, of Newark, a native of Baden, began life as a surveyor. Mrs. Lehlbach, who was Gertrude M. Baldwin, daughter of Dr. Milton B Id win, a prominent physician of Newark, is alady of domestic inclinations. William Mc\doo, is one of the ablest young men of the House. He comes of the Scotch family anciently known as Maclan dhu, (son of Black John,) an- glicized in its present form of patronymic. He is one of the foremost Demo- cratic advocates of the policy of protection, and in all the bitter internecine con- flicts of his party in Congress on the tariff, he has stood by the great indus- trial interests of the important manufacturing municipalities of Jersey City, and Hoboken, in hi.s distjict, as against pro-British economic doctrines. Mr. McAdoo is a man of keen preceptions, a ready debator, and a conservative legislator. Mrs. Mc.\doo is a Virginian, her father having been engaged in mercantile pursuits at Lynchburg, and Richmond. She was one of the young wives among the ladies of the Representatives' families toward whom Mrs. Cleveland turned for congenial acquaintance pnd friendsliip when she entered the Executive Mansion as a bride. The second largest delegation in Congress is Pennsylvania, with twenty- eight Representatives, who not only figure conspicuously in general social affairs at the capital, but among themselves, with their handsome wives and beautiful daughters, constitute an interesting and gay circle. At the head of the delegation, in numerical order, stands General Edwin .S. Dsborne, of \N ilktsl)arre, Representative at-Large. He was a gfxKl (-oldicr and is a zeal- 140 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. ous legislator. Mrs. Osborne was Ruth Ball, one of the most cliarming young ladies of the Wyoming Valley. She is a direct descendant of that fa- mous old pioneer of over two centuries ago, Edward Ball, an English settler of Branford, Connecticut, before 1640, the first settler of Newark, New Jer- sey, and first surveyor of the Passaic river. He belonged to a congregation of colonizing Presbyterians from Connecticut in 1667, who opened that section of New Jersey, and extended across the State into Pennsylvania. Mrs. Os- borne's father was William Ball, of Carbondale, the fifth generation from Ed- ward Ball. He was one of the original managers of the Delaware and Hud- son Company's enterprises in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and projector of the celebrated gravity road. General Henry H. Bingham is a widower, his wife, who was Mary Alexan- der, daughter of Thomas S. Alexander, one of Baltimore's eloquent lawyers, having died two years ago. He was a brave soldier and carries scars of Get- tysburg, Spottsylvania, and Farmville. He is a power in county, State, and national conventions. Representative Charles O'Neill is a bachelor and legislator of long stand- ing. He is now in his twelfth Congress consecutively. He is very popular jn Washington society, especially among the ladies, but the progress of years now tallying at sixty-five has overcome the ardor of former times in the enjoy- ment of fashionable follies. Samuel J. Randall is the most skilful parliamentarian, ready debater and adroit leader on the Democratic side of the House. He began life as a mer- chant, municipal politics as councilman, and State politics as Senator. He entered Congress in 1863, and was three times, 1876, 1877, and 1879, elected Speaker. Mrs. Randall is a native of Westchester county, New York, and daughter of Aaron Ward, a close friend of Andrew Jackson, Representative in Congress for fourteen years between 1825-43. Ann Randall, their daugh- ter, is the wife of Charles Calvert Lancaster, a prominent lawyer of Washing- ton. Their younger daughter, Susan, is still at school. Alfred C. Harmer is the most stately looking member of the delegation. He has been specially conspicuous since he entered the Forty-second Con- gress for his untiring zeal in behalf of American industry. Mrs. Harmer was Lizzie Miller, of Mauch Chunk, whose father was one of the co-laborers of Asa Packer in the pioneer days of industrial development in the Lehigh Valley. James Bowen Everhart, who has been succeeded by Smedley Darlington, of West Chester, is a bachelor. He appeard little in society. Dr. I. New- ton Evans, of Hatboro, who has been succeeded by Robert M. Yardley, of Doylestown, was a zealous attendant upon his public and social duties. Mrs. THE MIDDI.F, STATKS REI'RESENTATIVKS. I4I Evans was Miss Elizabeth Comly, of Montgomery county. Her dauf^hter, Miss Gertrude Evans, assisted her in society. Daniel Ermentrout, of Reading, is one of the energetic members of the lower House. Mrs. Ermentrout, was Adelaide Louise Metzgar, daughter of I one of Lancaster county's foremost merchants. She is interesting in conver- sation, attractive m person, and genial in manner, and one of the popular ladies of the Representatives social sphere. J. A. Hiestand, of Lancaster, lawyer, journalist, and politician, belongs to the quartette of celibates in the delegation. Lancaster, congressionally, runs to bachelors, in the list appearing such names as James Buchanan, President of the United States; Thaddeus Stevens, the " groat Commoner ; '' A. Herr Smith, the prudent counsel, and J. A. Heistand, the shrewd politician. Mr. Heistand was one of the builders of the stalwart Republican machine in Penn- sylvania, under tlie directing genius of the elder Cameron. He goes into so- ciety on all ceremonial occasions. \V. H. Sowden is a well-dressed, shrewd, short, stout, daimond-sludded figure, a sample of the Pennsylvania German Democrat. He is not only an astute politician, parliamentarian and courtier, but his family is popular in the very best ran'.s of official and fashionable life at the capital. Mrs. Sowden, a beautiful woman, was Mary Alice Huntsinger, daughter of P^dward Huntsin- ger, a merchant of Schuylkill Haven. Her charming daughter Bessie took the highest honors, and was the valedictorian of her class at home, and graduated at the seminary at Lutherville, Md., a year ago. J. B. Storm, who will be followed by Ex-United .States Senator Charles R. Buckalew, of Bloomsburg, is a close student, high up in educational matters, and a Jeffersonian Democrat. Mrs. Storm was Miss Keller, of Monroe coun- ty, and has three interesting daughters. Miss Nellie S'.orm, a beautiful girl under twenty, made her debut last season, and was one of the attractive young ladies in the Representatives' circle. Joseph A. Scranlon, who comes by nativity from Connecticut, but a Penn- sylvanian since 1847, represents the region of the old Connecticut claims. He will be succeeded by John Lynch, of Wilkesbarre. Mrs. Scranton, a queenly woman, was Ada Meylert, daughter of war Democrat, General Meylert. Her daughter Lida was another of the Pennsylvania Congressional debutantes of last season. Miss .Scranton is a l)runette, tall, and (jf the form of a beautiful piece of statuary. The Scrantons were among the much-sought-after social stars of the capital. Charles \. Brumm, of Minersville, began as a watchmaker, and was a stu dent at law when he entered the ranks of the defenders of the Union undir the first call of Lincoln for volunteers. He is about all that is left of the 142 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Greenback ciaze of ten years ago. His father was a German from Schoen- brucken, and his mother was born near Strasburg, Germany. Mrs. Brumm, a most estimable lady, was Virginia James, of Minersville, a daughter of "William James, one of the early coal operators of the Schuylkill basin, and sis- ter of Henry James, district attorney of Schuylkill county. The capital district is represented by Frankhn Bound, of Milton. Mrs. Bound, Emma C. Brown, of Milton, has taken little part in fashionable life, as she has a little society of her own in her interesting family. Frank C. Bunnell finished the unexpired term of Ulysses Mercur in Congress in 1872, but disappeared, and did not appear again until the last Congress. Mrs. Bunnell, formerly Martha Smith, is the daughter of a sturdy Monroe county farmer. William Wallace Brown, of Bradford, a native of New York, who passed from the New York to tiie Pennsylvania service in the first year of the Rebel- lion, and subsequently became aide to General Hartranft, entered with the Forty-eighth and went out with the Forty-ninth Congress, having been suc- ceeded by Henry C. McCormick, of Williamsport. Miss Ellen Crandall, of Allegheny county, New York, where Mr. Brown was educated, became Mrs. Brown. Her daughter Jessie is an attractive young lady, either in her home or in society. General Jacob Miller Campbell, an old-time printer, a Missis- sippi steamboatman, a "Forty-niner" of California, a Pennsylvania volunteer who rose from lieutenant to colonel, and one of the few remaining delegates to the first Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, in 1856, is an- other relic of the first dynasty of Republican rule in the Commonwealth of Penn. His services have run through four Congresses, with one intermis- sion. Edward Scull, of Somerset, will succeed him. Mrs. Campbell was Mary R. Campbell, of Alleghenny county. Pa. Her elder daughter is Mrs J. G. Kinney, of Braddock, Pa. Her younger daughter, in society, is Miss Eva A. Campbell, who has spent mu:h time in Washington, with her father. Dr. Louis E, Atkinson, of MifBintown, entered the medical department of the United States army, in 1861, and was badly disabled in service. He is a man of high education and ac;omplishments. Mrs. Atkinson was Mary Mathers, daughter of James Mathers, a leading attorney at the Mifilintovvn bar. Dr. John A, Swope, who lives on the historic field of Gettysburg, comes down in direct line from Colonel Swope, of the Pennsylvania line in the Con- tinental army. The first Mrs. Swope left three daughters, Mrs. Burrell, of Williamsport, Pa.; Mrs. Claybaugh, of Tawneytown, Md., and Mrs. Dully, of Gettysburg, Pa. The present Mrs. Swope was Blanche Mitchell, of Wash- ington county, Pa. Dr. Swope has purchased a beautiful house in Washing- THK MIDDLE STATKS RKPRESENATIVKS. 143 ton, where he will establish Mrs. Swope, wlu) will superintend the education of her three daughters. Col. Levi Maish, of York, a nieniber of a former Congress, will be Dr. Swope's successor. One of the most interesting figures in Congress is the venerable war Gov- ernor of Pennsylvania, Andrew Gregg Curtin, who lives in the charming mountain town of Bellefonte. His most notable achievement in his long and varied public service was the organization of the great army of Pennsylvania volunteers who responded to the call to arms in defense of the Union. The Ex-Governor is in great demand in all important social entertainments of the capital. He is a brilliant conversationalist, full of wit and wisdom, and as an after-dinner speaker has no superiors. In 1868 he was the choice of the Sol- diers' Convention for Vice-President of the United States. His grandfather, United States Senator Andrew Gregg, married a daughter of Gen Potter, who went to Centre county in 1765, and built Potter's Fort, in Penn's valley. The Ex-Governor will be succeeded by John Patton, of Curwensville, a Republi- can. Mrs. Curtin is a sister of the late Colonel William Wilson, an officer on General Hancock's staff, and a grand daughter of General Potter, of Revolu- tionary fame as commander of t'ne Pennsylvania line She has several mar- ried daughters— Mrs. Sage, of Ithaca, N. V., and Mrs. Dr. Harris, of Belle- fonte, and a daughter the widow of Captain Breeze, of the navy. Miss Katie Curtin, the youngest daughter, and a great favorite in society, is in bad health. Charles E. Boyle^ whose successor will be Welty McCullough, a Rejiubli- can, of Greensburg, was a Representative of distinguished ability, as was shown on numerous occasnns, when he was pressed to the front in grave parliamentary and political emergencies. Mrs. Boyle was Miss Henderson, of Uniontown, a farmer's daughter. She is a woman of remarkable force. In society she exhibits all the grace and ease of one born to fashionable life I ler two interesting daughters, Fannie and Florence, and son, C. E. Boyle, Jr., are at school in Philadelphia. General James S. Negley, who will be succeeded by John Dalzell, also of Pittsliurg, was a brave soldier in Mexico. In the late war he began as a brigadier and ended as a ir.ajor general of volunteers. Mrs. Negley was Grace Ashton, a niece of Hubley Ashton, the distinguished counselor. Her daughters, Grace, Edith, and .Mabel, are at school. Her sister. Miss Dolly Ashton, is a tall, beautiful blonde. Colonel Thomas M. Bayne won his title as the gallant commander of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and his reputation for the highest qualities of a soldier, at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. Ills first Congressional attempt was a failure, owing to divided parly interest. In the next contest, for the Forty-fifth Congress, he came out triumphantly. 144 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. and since then has effectively demonstrated his worth as a National represent- ative and legislator. Mrs. Bayne, who was Miss Ellen Smith, of Pitt;lnirg, daughter of Dr. William Smith, of one of the oldest and most liighly res- pected of the families of western Pennsylvania, is an exceptionally beautiful woman. She is tall and queenly, a brunette, with jet-black eyes and raven hair. She dresses elegantly and takes a prominent part in society. Oscar L Jackson is a bachelor. In State affairs he was a member of the commission to codify the laws and to devise a plan for the government of cities of Pennsylvania. His abilities are felt in the business of the House. Alexander Colwell White, whose successor is James T. Maffett, of Corry, taught school for the means of an education, and served in the ranks of the Union army. Mrs. White was Ellen Mary Murray, also a native of Jefferson county. She was a very agreeable acquisition to the Pennsylvania colony du- ring the season. Captain George W. Fleeger, a widower, was a brave soldier and a sagacious legislator. He was not a candidate for reelection. His district will be repre- sented by Norman Hall, of Sharon. William L. Scott, of Erie, lives in princely style, on Farragut Square, in one of the finest private residences in Washington. Mr. Scott is a native of Washington, began life in 1840 as a page in the House of Representatives, and settled in Erie eight years after, as a shipping clerk. In later life he was connected in business with Samuel J. Tilden. He is one of the party leaders of the Democracy in State and national politics, and has twice been elected in a strongly Republican district. Mrs. Scott was Miss Mary Tracy, daughter of John Tracy, p- eminently connected with the Chicago and Northwestern railroad. Her eldest daughter, Minnie Tracy Scott, is the accomplished wife of R. H. Townsend, jr., of Cassatt, Townsend & Co., bankers, Philadelphia. Her younger daughter, Annie M. Scott, is Mrs, Strong, the charming wife of the president of the Union Coal Company. Mr. Scott's daughter, Mrs. Town- send, who visits Washington, winters, entertains magnificently at her father's residence. Her drawing-rooms, teas, and evening receptions are among the great social events of the season. Mr. Scott is the wealthiest man in the House of Representatives, the value of his possessions exceeding fifteen mil- lion dollars. He is the largest individual coal operator in the world, employ- ing ten thousand men in mining and shipping. He has anthracite mines in Eastern Pennsylvania, and bituminous mines in Western Pennsylvania, Illi- nois, and Iowa. He also owns docks for the shipment of his coal, at all the principal ports on the chain of northern lakes. He is very fond of blooded race stock. In addition to his Erie farm, he has a farm of 3,000 acres at Charles City, Virginia, for wintering his horses. THE WESTERN REPRESENTATIVYS. 145 The distinguished Representative, in the Forty-ninth Congress, from Dela- ware, Charles B. Lore, t)f Wihnington, a gentleman ofcuhure and learning, who will he succeeded by John B. Pennington, one of the most prominent men of his State, was one of the active members of the House of Repre- sentatives. Mrs. Lore was Rebecca A. Bates, daughter of Josiah Bates, a prominent manufacturer of Mount Holly, N. J. She has spent each season at Washington during Mr. Lore's service in the House. Her social attrac- tions will long be remembered. Her beautiful daughter, Emma, is finishing her education. She is an accomplished musician, and created a sensation at one of her mother's popular drawing-rooms by the excellence of her per- formances. Among Mrs, Lore's guests was Harriet Pennawall Belt, daughter of Z. James Belt, a prominent citizen of Wilmington, who before reaching twenty had written several novels of positive merit. She is also a fine musician. CHAPTER XXL The Western and Pacific Representatives. The men and women who built up a western empire— typical of the spirit ok AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS — THE REPRESENTATIVES FROM OHIO, INDIANA, ILLINOIS, MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN, MINNESOTA, IOWA, KANSAS, NEBRASKA, COLORADO, CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, AND OREGON — THEIR LADIES. (hysi ROM the ten cis and trans-Mississippi States which occupy an area of hIv/ ^l^out seven hundred and fifty thousand square miles in the great region \J^ of agricultural industries, and rapidly expanding manufacturing inter- ests, with a population of filteen million inhabitants, gather at the seat of Gov- ernment one hundred and one Representatives who exert a controlling in- fluence in Congressional affairs. They are generally men of rugged character, but sterling qualities, and possess all the fire and spirit of western institutions. They are, as a rule, the men or the sons ot the men and women who within their own generation transformed the great basin of the upper Mississippi and its tributaries from a wild region of the most fierce and warlike of the aborigi- nal tribes of the American hemisphere, and the scene of the most desperate experiences, and bloody encounters of frontier life in the irresistable westward march of the course of empire, into a land of peace, security, civilization and progress. In their social habits and inclinations, they are typical of the earn- estness and aggressiveness of the American character. Among the ladies of their families are the noblest examples of American womanhood, wIkj illus- 10 146 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. trate the adaptability of American women to any sphere in life, however his^h and exacting. The oldest of these States, Ohio, sent to the lower branch of the Forty- ninth Congress a delegation of men who exerted a positive influence in legisla- tion, and who appeared prominently in social affairs. In the list were Benjamin Butterworth, and Charles Ellvvood Brown, the former one of the leaders on the left of the House, and the lat:er a brave soldier, having lost a leg before Atlanta; James E. Campbell, of Hamilton; Charles M. Anderson, ofGreen- •ville; Benjamin Lefevre, of Maplewood; William D. Hill, of Defiance; George Egbert Seney, of Tiffin — a man of influence in State and national pol- itics ; John Little, of Xenia, former Attorney General of Ohio; William C. Cooper of Mount Vernon, mayor and legislator ; Jacob Romeis, of Toledo, a protectionist who twice defeated Frank Hurd, a freetrader, in a Democratic ■district; William W. Ellsberiy, of Georgetown, a distinguished physician, and medical authority ; Albert Clifton Thompson, of Portsmouth, who left the bench to serve in the war, receiving dangerous wounds ; Joseph H. Outh- waite, of Columbus, an educator and attorney; Charles H. Grosvenor, of Athens, grandson of Col. Thomas Grosvener of the second Connecticut regi- ment, in the Revolution, son of major Peter Grosvenor in the tenth Connec- ticut in the war of 1812, and himself a Brevet Brigadier General in the war of the Rebellion; Beriah Wilkins, of Urichsville; George W. Geddes, of Mans- field, distinguished on the bench and at the bar ; A. J. Warner, of Marietta, wounded at Antietam; Isaac Hamilton Taylor, of Carrolton ; Ezra B. Taylor, of W^arren, of the Ohio bench; William McKinley, jr., of Canton, one of the leaders of the protection forces of the Republicans, and Martin Ambrose P'oran, of Cleveland, an authority on legal and constitutional questions. In the new Congress, through the re- districting of the State, Messrs. An- derson, Le Fevre, Hill, Little, 1 Usberry, Geddes, Warner, and I. H. Taylor, disappear from the roll, and E. S. Williams, of Troy ; S. S. Yoder, of Lima; M. M. Boothman, of Bryan; Robert P. Kennedy, of Bellefontaine; Jacob J. Pugsley, ofHillsboro; Charles Wickham, of Norwalk ; Joseph D. Taylor, of Cambridge, and George W. Crouse, of Akron, take their places. The ladies of the Ohio delegation were also active in the social life of Con- gress. Mrs. Butterworth, who was Mary E. Seller, of Harrisburg, daughter of a prominent member of the Dauphin county bar, was one of the society leaders. Her daughter, Mary E. Butterworth, not yet in society, is very pretty and will be a great favorite. Mrs. Romeis was Miss Kate Wscheeige, daughter of a citizen of Buffalo. Her daughter Emma is Mrs. Albert Kuhn, of Buffalo, and Catharine is Mrs. Charles Bhaer, of Toledo. Mrs. McKinley was Ida Saxton, whose grandfather was a pioneer and father a banker. The THK WESTERN REPRESENTATIVES. 147 Other ladies in Washington during tlie season were Mrs. Campbell, Mrs. An- derson, two daughters of Representative Brown, Mrs, Seney, a beautiful and accomplished lady, Mrs. Thompson, Mrs. Outhwaite, Mrs. Grosvenor and daughter, Mrs. Wilkins, Mrs. Geddes, Mrs. I. H. Taylor, and the daughter of Representative E. B. Taylor. The Indiana delegation is another of the strong Western representations in the House, and its ladies are among the most agreeable in social life. In the group are General Thomas M. Brown, of Winchester, a conspicuous figure in Slate and National politics; William S. Ilolman, of Aurora, who has been elected to twelve Congresses; George W, Steele, of Marian, a gallant soldier of volunteers and regulars, and an active legislator; John J. Kleiner, former mayor of Evansville, whose suc:essor is Alvm P. Hovey, of Mount Vernon; Thomas R. Cobb, of Vincennes, who gives way to John H. O'Neall, of Wash- ington; Jonas G. Howard, of Jeffersonville; Courtland C. Matson, of Green Castle, one of the active men of the House; William D. Bynum, of Indian- apolis, former Speaker of the State lower House; James T. Johnson, of Rockville, a bright lawyer; Thomas B. Ward, of Lafayette, a learned judge, who has been succeeded by Joseph B. Cheadle, of Frankfort; William D. Owen, of Logansport, a minister of the Christian church; Robert Lowry, of Fort Wayne, judge and politician, who will be succeeded by ]ames B. White, of the same city, and George Ford, of South Bend, a fine lawyer, who drops out for Benjamin F. Shively. The ladies of the delegation who were present during the season were Mrs Holman, who was Abigail Knapp, of Vermont, daughter of a Methodist min- ister. Miss Pamelia D. Holman, and Flora Eliza Holman the wife of L. C. Fletcher, a lawyer, assisted their mother in her social duties, and made her drawing-rooms exceedingly popular. Mrs. Steele was Marietta Swazee, daughter of one of the pioneers of Indiana, and a prominent lay delegate to the Methodist conference at Baltimore, in 1879. During Colonel Steele's ser- vice as a regular officer on the frontiers, Mrs. Steele shared in the isolation of camp life. Her daughter, Meta Steele, in her teens, is an exceedingly bright young girl. Mrs. Steele is one of the attractive ladies of Congressional so- ciety. Mrs. Bynum is also prominent in social life. Mrs. Ward and her three daughters, Mrs. Lowry and daughter, Mrs. Owen, Mrs. Kleiner, Mrs. Johnston, and Mrs. Ford were among the other ladies. The Representatives from Illinois number twenty, and with their ladies former! an important social circle of their own, in the Forty-ninth Congress. Ransom W. Dunham, president of the Board of Trade, and Mrs. Dunham, were favorites in society; Frank Lawler, and Mrs. Lawler, and daughter; James H. Ward, wh(j will be succeeded by William E. Mason, and George 148 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Everett Adams, and Mrs. Adams, mads up the Congressional and social rep- resentation of the lake metropolis of Chicago. The interior representatives who are known in Congressional and social af- fairs, are Albert J. Hopkins, and wife, of Aurora; Robert Roberts Hitt, of Mount Morris, Secretary of Legation, at Paris, and later assistant Secretary of State ; and Mrs. Hitt, who are well known members of Washington soci- ety; Thomas J Henderson, of Princeton, a colonel in the late war, and Mrs- Henderson; Ralph Plumb, of Streator, active in business and politics; Lewis E. Payson, of Pontiac, formerly a county judge, and Mrs. Payson ; Nicholas Ellsworth Worthington, a prominent educator, who will be succeeded by Philip S. Post, of Galesburg; William H. Neece, of McComb, whose succes- sor will be William H. Gest, of Rock Island, and James Riggs, of Winches- ter, sheriff and legislator, to be succeeded by George A. Anderson, of Quincy. William M. Springer, of Springfield, is one of the best known members of the House. Mrs. Springer, Rebecca Ruter, daughter of Rev. Calvin W. Ruter, a distinguished member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is the author of " Beechwood," "Self," and many fugitive poems of high merit and among their guests v ere Josephine Plamilton, of Ocean Grove, New Jersey, Miss Alice F. Chempion, of Germantown, Philadelphia, and Miss Dollie Armstrong, a niece, of Floience, Lidiana. Their son, Ruter W Springer, will graduate at the Northwestern L'niversity, Evanston, Illinois In the list are also Jonathan H. Rowell, of Bloomington, States attorney, and wife; Joseph G. Cannon, of Danville, an astute politician, and Mrs Cannon, who was Mary P. Reed, of Canfield, Ohio, and two beautiful daugh ters, Helen, educated at Wellesly, and Mable, educated in Washington ; Silas Z. Landes, of Mount Carmel; John R. Eden, of Sullivan, who will be fol lowed by Edward Lane, of Hillsborough, and William R. Morrison, of Wa- terloo, who failing of election, was appointed a member of the Inter-State Commerce commission. He was the leader of the free trade forces in Con gress, and with his estimable wife, was a prominent feature in social life. He will be succeeded by Jehu Baker, of Belleville. Mrs. Morrison was Miss Ella Horine, one of the most popular young girls of Monroe county, Illinois, which is also the native county of her liusband. Her father was a merchant of Waterloo, and one of the most influential and active Republicans of lower Illinois. In the famous Lincoln and Douglas campaign for the Senate Mr. Horine was the Lincoln candidate for the Legislature, and Colonel Moriison was his Douglas opponent. The Colonel distanced his father in-law. Miss Horine was educated at the Illinois Methodist College for ladies, at Jackson- ville, and became Mrs. Morrison before she was eighteen. When Mr. Morri- son was a member of the Legislature at Springfield, she was with him, assist- THE WESTERN REPRESENTATIVES. I49 ing in his correspondence, and making liis social life attractive. When lie fell in the desperate assault on Fort Donaldson, at tlie head of the gallant Forty- ninth Illinois, and was reported killed, she hastened to tlie front of battle. She found awaiting her the sad but liopeful consolation of her brave husband's life spared, though sulTering from a dangerous wound in tlie hip Colonel Mor- lison's is the only name mentioned by the departed chieftain, Grant, in his ac- count, in his memoires, of that deadly assault. Mrs. Morrison is a woman of attractive appearance, fine culture, and large experience. Richard W. Townshend, of Shawneetown, is another accomplished and genial man in his personal relations, and a strong man in the House. Mrs. Townshend is the daughter of Orville Poole, of Shawneetown, an old line Whig and banker, now deceased. Their daughter, Madeline, is in her teens. John R. Thomas, of Metropolis, is an agreeable member of Washington so- ciety. Mrs Thomas was Jessie Beattie, of Red Bud, Illinois, daughter of Dr. A. B. Beattie, who was surgeon of Colonel W. R. Morrison's 49th Illi- nois volunteers. His father settled in Randolph county, Illinois, in 1808. Dr. Beattie, originally from South Carolina, is a professor in McKendree Col- lege, Lebanon, Illinois, and also in the St. Louis Medical University. Repre- sentative Thomas' daughter, Caroline, is attending Monticello College, near Alton. A young son is also at school. Among their guests were Miss Cora Draper, of Sanford, Florida, a niece, a beautiful blonde, and Miss Zaidee Thomas, of Baltimore, daughter of ex-Collector John L. Thomas, a charming brunette, and both very popular and greatly admired. In the Michigan delegation five out of the members of the Forty-ninth have been re-placed by new figures in the Fiftieth Congress. William C. May- bury, of Detroit, former lecturer on medical jurisprudence in the Michigan College of Medicine, will be succeeded by J. Logan Chipman; Nathaniel B. Eldridge, of Adrian, former mayor and sheriff of his town and county, will be succeeded by Edward Allen, of Ypsilanti; James O'Donnell, of Jackson, editor of the yackson Daily Citizen, and Julius C. Burrows, of Kalama/.oo, a gentleman of fine oratorical powers and wide public experience, will remain. Charles Carter Comstock, of Grand Rapids, ex-mayor of his city, will be succeeded liy Mellx)urne II. Ford, of the same place; Edwin B. Winans, of Hamburg, probate judge, by Mark S. Brewer, of Pontiac; and Ezra C. Carleton, of Port Huron, merchant and ex-mayor, by Justin R. Whiting, of Saint Clair. Timothy E. Tarsney, of East Saginaw, one of the aggressive men of Congress; Byron M. Cutcheon, of Manistee, one of the bravest sol- diers in the army, having risen to the command of the second brigade, first division, army of tlie Potomac; Spencer O. Fisher, of West Bay City, ex- mayor, and Seth C. Moffat, of Traverse City, active in Michigan politics, have been continued. 150 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. The ladies of the delegation were Mrs. O'Donnell, Mrs. Burrows, who is well known, Mrs. Comstock, Mrs. Carleton and daughter, Mrs. Cutcheon and Mrs. Fisher The State of Wisconsin sends nine Representatives to the constituent as- sembly of the people in affairs of legislation in the persons of Lucien B. Case- well, of Fort Atkinson, a pupil of Senator Matt W. Carpenter ; Edward S. Bragg, of Fond du Lac, a gallant solder of the rebellion; Robert M. La Fol- lette, of Madison, former district attorney; Isaac W. Van Schaick, of Mil- waukee, councilman and legislator, who will be succeeded by Henry Smith, an Independent; Thomas R. Hudd, of Green Bay, Assemblyman and Sena- tor; Richard Guenther, of Oshkosh, former State Treasurer of Wisconsin, to be succeeded by Charles Clark, of Neenah; Ormsby B. Thomas, of Prairie du Chien, soldier, lawyer, and legislator and Isaac Stephenson, of Marinette, prominent in local affairs. The late Mr. Price will be succeeded by N. P. Hangen. Of the five Representatives from Minnesota, in the Forty-ninth Congress, but one will appear in the Fiftieth. Milo White, of Chatfield, former State Senator, has been succeeded by Thomas Wilson, of Winona; James B. B. Wakefeld, of Blue Earth, ex Lieutenant Governor, by John Lind, of New Ulm; Horace B. Strait, of Shakopee, merchant and banker, by John L. Mc- Donald, of the same place, and John B. GilfiUan, of Minneapolis, city attor- ney and State Senator, by Edmund Rice, of St. Paul. Knute Nelson, of Al- exandria, private soldier. Assemblyman, and State Senator, will be the only familiar figure of the delegation. The State of Iowa sends Benton J. Hall, of Burlington, now Commissioner of Patents, who has been succeeded by John H. Gear, of that place; Jere- miah H. Murphy, ex-mayor, of Davenport, to be succeeded by Walter J. Hayes, of Clinton; David Brenner Henderson, of Dubuque, a gallant sol- dier able lawyer, and skillful politician; W^illiam E. Fuller, of West Union, a member of the Republican State Committee; Benjamin Todd Frederick, of Marshalhown, succeeded by Daniel Kerr, of Grundy Centre; J. B. Weaver, of Blocmfield, private, lieutenant, major, and colonel of the Second Iowa Infantry, succeeding both the lieutenant-colonel and colonel, who were killed in the battle of Corinth; Edwin H. Conger, of Adel, ex-State Treasurer of Iowa ; William Peters Hepburn, of Clarinda, general of brigade of cavalry, 16th army corps, who will be succeeded by A. R. Anderson, Independent, of Sydney; Joseph Lyman, of Council Bluffs, another of Iowa's gallant soldiers; Adoniram Judson Holmes, of Boone, State legislator, and Isaac S. Stubble, of Le Mars, a private soldier in the late war, a prominent lawyer. The ladies of the delegation also made an interesting group m the social THE WESTERN REPRESENTATIVES. '51 life of Washington. Mrs. Henderson, a very charming lady, was Augusta Fox, daughter of A. II. Fox, of Los Angeles, (.'alifornia. Her daughter Angie, who last season entered society in Dubuque, will make her debut in Washington. Mrs. Weaver, Mrs. Conger, and two daughters of Mr. FVed- erick were also among the Iowa ladies of the Representatives circle The young and aggressive State of Kansas has returned all but one of her Representatives. In the list, therefore, appears the familiar name of Edmund N. Morrill, of Hiawatha, a member of the Territorial Legislature of Kansas, and President /r«7 /V-w. of the State Senate, 1879; Edward H. Funston, of lola, farmer, legislator, Speaker of the State Assembly; Bishop W. Perkins, of Oswego, six times elected to the bench; Thomas Ryan, of Topeka, who bears scars of the desperate battles of the Wilderness, Assistant United States attorney for Kansas; John A Anderson, of Manhattan, Presbyterian minis- ter, chaplain, educator; Lewis Ilanbach, of Osborne, State judge, who will be succeeded by Erastus J. Turner, of Kenneth, and Samuel Ritter Peters, State Senator and judge. Among the ladies of the delegation in Washington during the season were Mrs. Ryan, a Miss Sarah E. Coolbaugh, ofTowanda, Penns}lvania, daughter of a farmer on the North Branch of the Susquehanna, a favorite i \ social circles. Mrs. Perkins and Mrs. Peters were among the other ladies. The Representatives in Congressional and social lifenumber three from Ne- braska. Archibald S. Weaver, of Falls City, constitutional lawyer and judge, after serving in two Congresses, wi 1 be succeeded by John A. McShane, of C^maha; James Laird, of Hastings, a Michigan and Nebraska lawyer, and George W. Dorsey, of Fremont, a Union soldier, from West Virginia, a law- yer and banker of Nebraska, and chairman of his State Republican Committee. Mrs. Dorsey, who is one of the prettiest and most agreeable ladies in Wash- ington society, was Emma E. Benton, of New Haven, Connecticut. Her father, a leading lawyer, belonged to one of the oldest families in New En- gland. Mrs. Dorsey is a lady of medium size, fine figure, dark blue eyes, tme manners, and full of taste in her toilettes. The .State of Colorado, dividing amid the peaks of the Rocky mountains, and sweeping Atlantic*ard, and Pacificward, appropriately rounded the first century of the Republic in its admission into the Union, in the Centennial year, as the Centennial Commonwealth, and well defines the limits of that great inter-oceanic empire which sweeps from the Allegheny to the Rocky mountains. In the council of the people it is reprtsented by George G. Symes, of Denver, who beginning his career in the ranks of the brave Wiscon- sin volunteers, at the first battle of Bull Run, served with distinction to the end of the war, in defense of tiic Union, and from associate justice of the 152 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Supreme Court of Montani, became a resident of Colorado two years before it became a State. Mrs. .Symes figures in the gay life of the capital, not only very pleasantly, but makes the social surroundings of the Representative of the youngest of the sisterhood of States very attractive and popular. The three Pacific States embracing an area of nearly four hundred thousand square miles, with little over a million people, send eight Representatives to the capital to participate in the work of legislation, and who do credit to their constituencies in the affairs of social life. In the list from the golden State of California, are Barclay Henley, of Santa Rosa, son of Thomas J. Henley, Representative from Indiana, 1842-49, mem- ber of the State Assembly, who will be succeded by T. L. Thompson, of Santa Rosa; J. A. Loutitt, of Stockton, who will be followed by Marion Biggs, of Gridley ; Joseph McKenna, of Suisun, a Republican politician of prominence ; William W. Morrow, of San Francisco, chairman of the Republican State Committee; Charles N. Felton, of San Mateo, former assistant Treasurer of the United States, and Henry H. Markham, of Pasadena, who will be suc- ceeded by William Vandever, of Los Angeles The ladies of the delegation were not only very attractive, but among the most popular in the social gayeties of the season. They were Mrs. Henley, Mrs. McKenra, Mrs. Markham, and Miss Felton, The State of Nevada, with a population of less than one half the quota to entitle it to a single representation in Congress, takes its place congressionally and socially in the person of William Woodburn, of Virginia City, who was a member of the Forty fourth before he entered the Forty-ninth Congress, and is one of the active men on the floor. The distant State of Oregon is also well represented by Dinger Herman, of Roseburg, a legislator of State experience, which has been put to honora- ble use in the larger sphere of making laws for a nation. THE SOUTHERN REPRESENTATIVES. 1 53 CHAPTER XXII. The Southern Representatives. A NEW generation IN THE CONGRESSIONAL AND SOCIAI. LIFE OF THE CAP- ITAL — THE REPRESENTATIVES, AND THEIR LADIES, OF MARYLAND, VIR- GINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, FLORIDA, ALAHAMA, MISSISSIPPI, LOUISIANA, TEXAS, ARKANSAS, MISSOURI, TENNESSEE, KEN- TUCKY, AND WEST VIRGINIA. fIFTEEN States of the south contribute one hundred and twenty Repre- sentatives to the membership of the lower House of Congress, and \;5^j with their ladies form an interesting representation of the social life, habits, and customs of a section comprising one fourth the whole area of the United States, and one third their population. With two or three exceptions, out of the entire list, none remain of the days of the brilliant regime of the old school of southern statesmen and politician. The events of a quarter of a century have brought into the counsels of the nation and in the social life of the capital a new generation. In this bright array of the progressive statesmanship and social culture of the constituencies of the South, Maryland leads in geographical position. In the personnel of her delegation she presents Charles Hopper Gibson, of Easlon, auditor and commissioner in Chancery and state's attorney ; Frank T, Shaw, of Westminster, clerk of the Circuit Court, andmemberof the Dem- ocratic State Central Committee of his portion of the State; Henry W'ells Rusk, of Baltimore, former member of the House of Delegates and Senate ; Jolin V. L. Findlay, of Baltimore, ex-city solicitor, who will be succeeded by Isi- dor Raynor ; Barnes Compton, of Laurel, who was state treasurer when elected to Congress, and Lewis Emory McComas, of Hagerstown, one of the youngest, being thirty-nine, and one of the handsomest members of the House on the Republican side. The ladies of the Maryland delegation, Mrs. Rusk, Mrs. Findlay, and Mrs. McComas, were among the most attractive in the circles of fashionable gaye- ties at the capital. Mrs. McComas, a native of Baltimore, and very popular in society, as a young lady, was Leah M. Humrichouse, daughter of C. W. Humrichouse, a well-known merchant of that city. Miss Emma McComas, a sister of the Representative, was among her guests, and contributed to the attractions of the members' social surroundings. The representation from Virginia in tlie Fiftieth Congress will lose eight out ten of its wcll-hnown figures in the social life of the capital; Thomas Croxton, of Tappahannock, attorney for the Commonwealth 1852, will be 154 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. succeeded by T. H. B. Brown, of Accomack; Henry Libbey, of Old Point Comfort, ex-presiding justice of his county, will be followed by George E. Bowden, of Norfolk; George D. Wise, of Richmond, captain in the Confed. erate army and States Attorney, is one of those who will remain; James D. Brady, of Petersburg, a nat.ve of Virginia, who rose from private to colonel in the New York volunteers, during the rebellion, and returning to Virginia became clerk of the courts of Portsmouth, his native county, will be sue. ceeded by W. E. Gaines, of Burkeville; George C. Cabell, of Danville, an officer of the Confederacy, twice wounded, will be succeeded by John R. Brown, of Martinsville; John Warwick Daniel, of Lynchburg, United States Senator-elect, will be succeeded by Samuel G. Hopkins, of Lynchburg, an Independent in politics; Charles Triplet O'Ferrall, of Harrisonburg, who rose from private to colonel, and at the surrender was in command of all the Confederate cavalry in the Shenandoah valley, has been continued. John S. Barbour, of Alexandria, for twenty-nine years railroad president, will be fol- lowed by W. H. F. Lee, of Burke's station; Connally F. Trigg, of Abingdon, State's Atto»-ney for his county, will be replaced by H. C. Bowen, of Taze- well C. H. ; and John Randolph Tucker, of Lexington, Attorney General of Virginia, Professor of Equity and Public Law at Washington and Lee Uni- versity, a member of six Congresses, chairman of the judiciary committee and a man of legal erudition and an ancient and distinguished family, being a nephew of John Randolph, of Roanoke, will be succeeded by Jacob Yost, of Staunton, an active Virginia Republican. The ladies of the Virginia delegation were well represented in Mrs. Tucker and Mrs. O'Ferrall. Mrs. Randolph Tucker, one of the most charming and well-preserved of the elderly married ladies, as a young lady was Laura Holmes Powell, a noted beauty of Loudoun county, Virginia, daughter of Colonel Humphrey Brooke Powell, and great grand-daughter of Levin Powell, a colonel of the revolu- tion, a Representative in the first Congresses, and a Federalist, who cast the only vote from Virginia for John Adams for President. Her father was Major Burr Powell, a lawyer and large land owner. Her unmarried daughter is Miss Laura Randolph Tucker, a petite brunette in her twenties, educated at Richmond and Winchester, and very bright. She converses in French with the fluency and charm of a Parisian belle. The eldest daughter, Evaline Hunter Tucker, is Mrs. Wilmer H. Shields, wife of a large cotton planter of Concordia parish, Louisiana. The second daughter is Anne Holmes Tucker, now Mrs. Dr. William P. Maguire, of Winchester. Dr. Maguire is a brother of Dr. Hunter Maguire, "Stonewall " Jackson's Medical Director. The third daughter is Virginia Brooke Tucker, wife of the well-known civil engineer. THE SOUTHERN REPRESENTATIVES. 1 55 John Carmichael, of Georgia. Another is Mrs. John L. Logan, wife of a New York lawyer. The only son is Henry St. George Tucker, a prominent lawyer of Staunton, Virginia, who married Henrietta Preston Johnston, a grand daughter of General Albert Sidney Johnston, who was killed at the bat- tle of Shiloh. Mrs. O'Ferrall, another very charming lady, was Jennie Wickliffe Kniglit, a native of Nottaway county, Virginia, daughter of Colonel William C. Knight, a grand nephew of George Walton, of Virginia, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Among her guests was Mi.ss IJettie Bland Knight, cousin of Mrs. O'Ferrall, and daughter of Captain John H. Knight, of Farmville, Vir- ginia. The North Carolina representation in congressional and social circles will have many new faces. Thomas Gregory Skinner, of Hertford, who served in two Congresses, will be succeeded by Lewis E. Latham, of Greenville; James E. O'Hara, of Enfield, a popular State legislator, by F. M. Simmons, of New Berne ; Wharton J. Green, of Fayetteville, an active politician, State and National, l>y C. W. McClammy, of Burgaw ; William Ruffin Cox, of Raleigh, who commanded a Confederate division in the last charges at Appo matox, judge and legislator, by John Nichols Ind, of Raleigh ; James Wesley Reed, of Wentworth, lawyer, farmer and county treasurer, by John M. Brow- er, of Mount Airy, and Risden T. Bennett, of Wadesborough, who rose from private to colonel in the Confederate service, by Alfred Rowland, cf Lumber- ton. The three representatives who will continue in the Fiftieth Congress, are John Steele Henderson, of Salisbury, one of three commissioners to codify the State laws; W. H. H. Cowles, of Wilkesborough, member of the Democratic State Committee for eight years, and Thomas Dillard Johnston, of Asheville, who received three desperate wounds in the Confederate ranks at Malvern Hill, assemblyman, and State legislator. The ladies of the delegation, Mrs. .Skinner, Mrs, O'Hara, Mrs. Steele, and daughter, Mrs. Cowles, and Mrs. Johnston, made an interesting representa- tion of the social life of the " Old North State." South Carolina cf)ntributes seven to the personnel of the House. Samuel Diijble, of Orangeburg, State legislator; George D Tillman, of Edgetickl, cottf)n planter, and politician; I). Wyatt Aiken, of Cokesburg, member of the executive committee of the National Grange for fourteen years, who will be succeeded by James S. Cothran, of Aijbeville C. H.; William Hayne Perry, of (ireenville, a State legislator ; John J. Hem])hiil, of Chester, a lawyer of abil- ity ; George W. Dorgan, of Darlington, lawyer and jiolitician, and Robert Smalls, of Beaufort. Mr. Smalls was born and raised a slave, self-educated, served in the Atlantic blockading squadron, from pilot to captain, was briga- 156 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. dier general of State militia, and delegate to National Republican conventions since 1872. He will be succeeded by William Elliot, of Beaufort. Georgia comes forward congressionally and socially with Thomas M. Nor- wood, of Savannah, United States Senator from 1S71-7; Henry G. Turner, of Quitman, who entered in the Forty-seventh Congress; Charles Frederick Crisp, of Americus, solicitor general and judge; Henry R. Harris, of Green- ville, member of the Georgia convention of 1861, who will be followed by Thomas M. Grimes, of Columbus ; Nathaniel J. Hammond, of Atlanta, solic- etor general and attorney general, succeeded by John D. Stewart, of Griffin; James H. Blount, of Macon, who entered with the Forty-third Congress; Judson C. Clements, of La Fayette, former State Senator ; Seaborn Reese, of Sparta, who succeeded A. H. Stephens, upon his election as Governor, to be followed by Henry H. Carlton, of Athens ; Allen D. Candler, of Gainesville manufacturer, planter, and State legislator, and George T. Barnes, of Augusta, member of the National Democratic Committee. Mrs. Blount, an interesting lady in society, was Eugenia Wylie, daughter of a prominent physician, of Macon. Her mother was si.ster of Judge Clop- ton, of the supreme bench of Alabama. Her daughter Eugenia D. Blount is at school. Miss May Bacon was Mrs. Blount's guest. The other ladies in society during the season were Mrs. Clements, Mrs Barnes, and a daugh- ter of Representative Crisp. The two Representatives from Florida, Robert H. M. Davidson, of Quincy, who enters his sixth Congress with the Fiftieth, and Charles Dougherty, of Port Orange, Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, are well known in Washington public and social life. The State of Alabama is an important factor in legislation, and presents an interesting figure in social affairs. The gentlemen who represent the grow- ing Commonwealth congressionally, are James Taylor Jones, of Dempolis, a State Senator; Hillery A. Herbert, of Montgomery, disabled in command of a Confederate regiment in the battle of the Wilderness, and chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs ; William C. Gates, of Abbeville, who lost an arm in front of Richmond; Alexander C. Davidson, of Uniontown, cotton planter ; Thomas William Sadler, of Prattville, planter, who will be succeed- ed by James E. Cobb, of Tuskegee; John Mason Morton, of Tuscaloosa, pro- fessor of equity jurisprudence in the University of Alabama, who will be suc- ceeded by John H. Bankhead, of Fayette C. H.; William Henry Forney, of Jacksonville, a distinguished officer in the Confederate service, from captain to brigadier general, and who surrendered at Appomattox, and Joseph Wheel- er, of Wheeler, a distinguished cavalry corps commander of the Confederacy in the west. THE SOUTHERN REPRESENTATIVES. 157 The social life of Representative Herbert during the season was made pe- culiarly interesting by the debut of his eldest daughter, Miss Lela Herbert. Her younger sister, Ella H. Herbert, who will finish her education during the present year, will make her debut the coming season. Both young ladies are very pretty, accomplished, highly educated, and will be among the belles in future social gayeties. Their mother, who died in 1885, was a lady of remarkable force. Before her marriage she was Miss Ella Smith, of Selma, Alabama, daughter of Washington M. Smith, late president of the Bank of Selma. Mrs. Herbert was vice-regent for Alabama of the Ladies' Mount Vernon Association. Through her exertions the hall of the mansion was as- signed to Alabama, and money was raised to restore it as it appeared in the life of Washington. Among the guests of the Misses Herbert was Miss Ida Smith, of Selma, a young lady of many attractions. Mrs. Oates, another of tlie popular ladies of tlie Representatives circle, was Miss Sallie Toney. She is young and beautiful. Slie entertained among her guests her sisters, Mrs. Carrie H. Bradford, and Misses Ida and Clara Toney, ladies of elegant manners and many accomplishments, who reside at their family seat, Roseland, near Eufaula, Alabama. They are well-known in Washington society and very popular. Mrs. Wheeler, also a great favorite, was Miss EUa Jones. She was one of the prettiest young ladies in Alabama. Her mother was daughter of Governor Early, of Georgia, who was in one of the first Congresses. He was chair- man of the committee which presented articles of impeachment against Judge Chase. The Misses Wheeler, Lizzie and Anne, are great favorites in society. Both are young, pretty, and gifted. The youngest daughter, Julia, is still at school. The other ladies of the delegation were Mrs. Jones and Mrs. Davidson and daughter. The Mississippi Representatives are John M. Allen, of Tupelo, State dis- trict attorney; James Bright Morgan, of Hernando, Grand Master of Masons of his State; Thomas Clendinen Catcliings, of Vicksburg, former attorney- general of his State; F. G. Barry, of West Point, formerly member of the State Senate; Otho R. Singleton, one of the oldest members of the House, who having served in three Congresses before the rebellion, withdrew with his State, served 1861-5 in the Confederate Congress, and again 1875-87 in the Congress of the United States, who will be succeeded by C. L. Anderson, of Kosciusko; Henry S. Van Elton, of Hoodville, a native of Ohio, and State's attorney before the war, wlio will be followed liy Thomas R. Stockdale, of Summit; and Ethclbert Barksdale, of Jackson, in the Congress of the Con. fcderacy, and prominent in State politics in 1850, who will be succeeded by Charles E. Hooker, of [ackson. 158 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. The delta State of Louisiana has been ably represented in the lower House in Louis St. Martin, cf New Orleans, a member of the Thirty-second Con- gress 1851-3, who will be followed by Theodore S, Wilkinson; and Nathaniel Dick Wallace, of New Orleans, president of the produce exchange, who will be succeeded by Matthew D. Lagan, of New Orleans; Edward J. Gay, o' Plaquemine, first president of the Louisiana sugar exchange; Newton Grain Blanchard, of Shreveport, one of the active politicians of tae "Pelican"' State; J. Floyd King, of Vidalia, colonel of artillery in the Confederate ser- vice, who will be succeeded by Cherubusco Newton, of Bastrop; and Alfred Briggs Irion, of Marks ville, judge of the circuit court of appeals, who wiU have Edward W. Rol^ertson, of Baton Rouge, as his successor. The vast State of Texas furnishes some of the active men of the House, among them Charles Stewart, of Houston, a prominent lawyer; John H_ Reagan, of Palestine, who settled in the Republic of Texas, and rendered dis- tinguished service in his State, who has been changed to the Senatorial circle; James H. Jones, of Henderson, with C. B. Kilgore, of Mills Point, as his successor; David B. Culberson, of Jefferson, who has been elected to seven Congresses; James W. Throckmorton, of McKenney, who voted against se- cession, and Governor after the rebeliion, who has Silas Hare, of Sherman, as his successor; Olin W^ellborn, of Dallas, who will be succeeded by Joseph Abott, of Hillsborough; W. H. Grain, of Cuero, an active legislator; James Francis Miller, of Gonzales, banker end planter, who will be followed by L_ W'. Moore, of La Grange; Roger Q. Mills, of Corsicana, elected to eight Congresses and member of the Committee on Ways and Means; Joseph D. Sayres, of Bastrop, former lieutenant-governor; and Samuel W. T. Lanham, of Weatlierford, district Stale attorney general. Among the ladies of the delegation were Mrs. Culberson and daughter, Mrs. Mills, Mrs. Sayers, Mrs. Lanham, and Mrs. Reagan and daughter. The State of Arkansas sends her entire delegation back to the Fiftieth Con- gress. Their names already familiar to Congressional and social life are Poindexter Dunn, of Forest City, elected to fi\'e Congresses and one of the active members of the Democratic side ; Clifton R. Breckenridge, of Pine Bluff, cotton planter, member of the Committee on Ways and Means, and member of the celebrated family of that name; Thomas C. McRea, of Pres- cott, a gentleman of large legal experience; John Henry Rogers, of Fort Smith, a prominent attorney, and Samuel W. Peel, of Bentonville, district prosecuting attorney. Mrs. Poindexter Dunn is one of the best known of the ladies of the South, and lias figured actively in several important social enterprises for charitable work. Mrs. Breckenridge and Mrs. Rogers were also favorably known so- cially. THE SOUTHERN' REPRESENATIVES. 1 59 The progiessive State of Missouri, witli a larger delegation in the House than any other from the South, is not only strong as to numbers, but as well as to ability and social influence. She i^esents in her list the names of Wil- liam Henry Hatch, of Hannibal, assistant commissioner of exchange of pris- oners under the cartel till the close of the war; John BlackwcU Hale, of Car- rolton, colonel of Missouri militia in the United States service, in the late war f who will be followed by Charles H. Mansur, of Chillicothe; Alexander Monroe Dockery, of Gallatin, one of the leaders in Missouri Democratic pol- itics; James Nelson Burns, of St. Joseph, former judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas; William Warner, of Kansas City, circuit attorney, and mayor; John T. Heard, of Sedolia, prosecuting attorney f jr the fund commissioners of his State; John E. Mutton of Mexico, who entered in the Forty-ninth Con- gress ; John J. O'Xeill, of St. Louis, influential in municipal. State, and Na- tional politics; John Milton Glover, of St. Louis, a leading lawyer; Martin Linn Clardy, of Farmington, elected to five Congresses, and one of the most active members of that body ; Richard Parks Bland, of Lebanon, elected to eight Congresses; William J. Stone, of Nevada, county prosecuting attorney, and one of the youngest members of the House; William II. Wade, of Spring- field, farmer and State legislator, and William Dawson, of New Madrid, who will be succeeded by James P. W^alker, of Dexter City. The ladies present during the season were Mrs. Hatch and daughter, Mrs. Dockery, Mrs. Heard, Mrs. Clardy, Mrs. Stone, and Mrs. Bland. Among the most brilliant events in the social world at the capital during the season was the marriage of Representative Grover, to one of the daughters of Mrs. Patten, the wealthy widow of a Navada miner. Among the strongmen in public and social life are the Tennessee Repre- sentatives, Augustus H. Pettiljone, of Greenville, district attorney-general, whose successor will be Roderick R. Butler, of Mountain City, known in former Congresses; Leonidas C. Houck, of Knoxville, member of the loyal East Tennessee convention, iS6i, who served in the Union forces of the State, and leader in Republican politics; John Randolph Neal, of Rhea Springs, a State legislator and Democratic politician; Benton McMillan, of Carthaije, special circuit judge; James D. Richardson, of Murfreesboro, former speaker of the State House of Rcpresentc'.ives; Andrew J. Calwell, of Nashville, for eight years district attorney-general, who will be succeeded by Joseph E. Washington, of Cedar Hill; John G. Ballentine, of Pulaski, to be followed by ex-United States Senator Washington C. Whitthorne, of Columbia; John May Taylor, of Lexington, attorney-general of the eleventh circuit, whose successor is Benjamin A. Enloe, of Jacks )n; Presley T. Glass, of Ripley, farmer, merchant, and legislator, of a revolutionary family of distinction; l6o SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. and Zachary Taylor, of Covington, former State Senator, who will be succeed- ed by James Phelan, of Memphis. Among the ladies of the delegation, Mrs. Glass, an attractive and intel- lectual woman, is favorably known in society. She was Miss Susan Taylor Barber, daughter of Dr. A. J. Barber, a distinguished physician of Browns- ville, Tennessee. Her daughter, Ada Pauline, is the wife of W. P. H. But- ler, of Flippin, Tennessee, son of a Baptist minister. She forms part of her father's household during the season, and is accomplished and attractive. H. D. Glass, the leading merchant of Ripley, son of the Representative, visits Washington part of the season. Mrs. Houck, wlio was Miss Bellar, a native of Canada, is a niece, on her mother's side, of General Goldie, of the English army. The daughter of a former wife, Miss Annie Houck, is at school. The Representative's sons, J. C. Houck and Lincoln C. Houck, lawyers of Knoxville, are well known in Washington. The former, a prominent politician, is secretary of the State Republican and chairman of his county committee. Mrs. Taylor was Miss Ophelia Herring, of Tipton county, Tennessee. The two daughters of Repre- sentative Richardson were also very popular in a large circle. Kentucky presents another strong front in her legislative and social tela, tions in William Johnson Stone, of Kuttawa, speaker of the Kentucky House, Polk Laffoon, of Madisonville, teacher, lawyer, county attorney; John E. Halsell, of Bowling Green, county attorney and circuit judge, who will be followed by W. Godfrey Hunter, of Burkesville; Thomas A. Robertson, of Elizabethtown, Commonwealth attorney, whose successor is A. B. Mont- gomery, of Elizabethtown; Albert A. S. Willis, of Louisville, an active prt and Lentilhon, of New ^'ork. Mrs. King, and Miss Anne \'. King, the mother and sister of Mrs. Stockton, spent the season in Washmgton. Civil Engineer Anceito G. Menocal, a native of Cuba, an authority on American isthmian canals and engineer of tlie Nicarauguan route, and Mrs. Menocal, are very interesting in society. Civil Engineer Robert E. Peary, of 1 82 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Maine, a bachelor, is distinguished as having made a remarkable journey alone into the heart of the glacier-capped continent of Greenland. Commodore John G. Walker, of Iowa, chief of the Bureau of Navigation and office of Detail, has a quarter-deck readiness, and precision in his method of doing business which has given him high reputation as an executive officer. The commodore was the terror of the Confederate batteries and gun-boats on the Mississippi and Yazoo, in the vicinity of Vicksburg. Mrs. Walker was Miss Pickering of Massachusetts, great-grand-daughter of Timothy Pick- ering, one of Washington's cabinet officers, and grand-daughter ot John Pickering, the unrivaled linguist. This bureau is also represented in social life by Commander William Bain- bridge Hoff and Mrs. Hoffand Commander Bowman H. McCalla, assistant Chief of Bureau, and Mrs. McCalla, who was Lilly Sargent, of Boston, daugh- ter of General H. B. Sargent, who entered the late war as lieutenant colonel of the First Massachusetts cavalry. Mrs. McCalla is not only a lady of many social gifts, but has artistic abilities of a high order. The principal rooms in her beautiful home in Washington, are decorated in ]>anel work enriched with subjects from her own brush. Among the other officers are Lieutenant Richard T. Mulligan; Lieutenant Charles C. Cornwell, superintendent of Compasses, and Mrs. Cornwall, a Spanish lady of beauty, who was Seiiorita Ceda, one of the leading families of Barcelona. Commodore Montgomery Sicard, of New York, the chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, figured conspicuously in the late war in the naval engagements' preceding the capture of New Orleans and Vicksburg, and the naval and land assaults on Fort Fisher, and the bombardment of Fort Anderson. Commo- dore Sicard and Mrs. and Miss Sicard are prominent members of the society of the capital. The other officers of the bureau, and their ladies, are Lieu- tenants Albert R. Couden and Mrs. Couden ; Charles A. Stone and Mrs. Stone, who was Liley Wood, daughter of Chief Engineer W. W. W. Wood, U. S. N.; Newton E. Mason; William Wirt Kimball and Mrs Kimball, who was Esther S. Spencer, daughter of John Spencer, of Chester, Maryland, of one of the historical families of the "Eastern Shore;" Thomas C. McLean, and Lieutenant Charles A. Bradbury and Mrs. C. W. Bradbury, of Vermont, his mother. Commodore Winfield S. Schley, of Maryland, chief of the Burean of Equip- ment and Recruiting, participated in the operations of the west gulf Squad- ron, and in the engagements which led to the capture of Port Hudson, and opening of the Mississippi river. He also led the relief expedition to the Arctic regions, which saved the remnant of Lieutenant Greeley's starving par- THE NAVY IX SOCIETY. • 1 83 ty of polar explorers. Mrs. Schley was Annie Franklin, of Annapolis. Miss Virginia Schley, her daughter, made her debut last season, and was a great belle. Lieutenant William H. Irwin and Ensign Herbert O. Dunn, of this Bu- reau, also participated in the social gayeties of the season. Surgeon General Francis M. Gunnell, who is a bachelor, is a man of dis- tinguished presence, and the Chesterfield of the navy. His mother, who was born in Georgetown, in January 1797, or three months before the close of Washington's administration, presides over his household. Mrs. Gunnell is one of the most interesting ladies at the capital, as her recollections of social events extend over a period almost as extensive as the history of the capital itself. The other members of the medical corps and their ladies who parti- cipate in the ceremonial and social affairs of W^ashington, are medical direc- tors James Suddards, president of the Medical Examining board, and second ranking officer, and Mrs. Suddards, a Philadelphia lady; James M. Browne, in charge of the Museum of Hygiene, and Mrs. Browne, a grand-daughter of Francis Key, the author of the Star Spangled Banner ; Thomas J. Turner, a member of the Examining and Retiring board; Richard C. Dean, and Mrs. Dean, who is from New Jersey; Medical Inspectors David Kindelberger, in charge of the Naval Hospital, Mrs. Kindelberger, who is of Washington^ and Newton L. Bates and Mrs. Bates, on special duty at the Naval Dispen- sary; Surgeons William K. Van Reypen, assistant to the Bureau of Medicine> and Mrs. Van Reypen, who is from Brooklyn; Charles H. White, of the museum of Hygiene, and John C. Boyd, of the Bureau. Also Assistant Surgeons Cumberland G. Hall, of the Naval Dispensary, Henry G. Beyer in charge of the materia medica collection of the Smithsonian Institution, and Mrs. Beyer; Cunningham W. Deane, Surgeon of the receiving ship Dale, and Mrs. and the Misses Lyons; George Arthur of the Museum of Hygiene; Millard H. Crawford, Naval Hospital, and Francis S. Nash, on scientific duty at the Smithsoni-in Institution, and Mrs. Nash, who is from South Car- olina. Paymaster General James Fulton, who is Chief of the Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, and Mrs. Fulton, who was Miss Belle Mallard, daughter of J. D. Mallard, a merchant of Los Angeles, California; Pay Director Thomas H. I^ooker, senior of the corps in charge of tlic pay office at Washington, and Mrs. Looker; Pay Inspectors Riciiard Washington, and Mrs. Washington, who was Miss Barker, of New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Miss Barker, her sister; Luther G. Billings, and Mrs. Billings; Paymasters Henry T. Wright, and Mrs. Wright, a Miss Speer, of New Vork; John R. Carmody and Mrs. Carmody, who was Miss Etheridge, of Herkimer, New Vork; H. IrunibuU 184 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Stancliff and Mrs. Stancliff, who was Susie A. Bullock, of Hartford, Connec- ticut; Lawrence L. Boggs, U. S. receiving ship Dale, and Mrs. Boggs, and Assistant Paymaster Livingston Hunt, son of W. H. Hunt, of Louisiana, former Secretary of the Navy, and his sister, Miss C. R. Hunt, the lady member of his household, represent this branch of the naval administration in the social lile of the navy circle. The Bureau of Steam Engineering is represented by Engineer-in-Chief Charles H. Loring, who superintended in the late war the building at Pitts- burg, Cincinnati, and St. Louis, a fleet of eleven harbor and river monitors and light draft gunboats. One of the sad events of the season was the death of his daughter, Mary Malbon Loring, who presided over his household. Mrs. Loring, who died some years ago, was Ruth D. Malbon, of Hingham, grand-daughter of Captain Micajeh Mrdbon, of the British navy, in charge of prisoners of war in the English conflicts with France in the early part of the century. Among the other officers of the corps and their ladies in society during the season were chief engineers Alexander Henderson, member of the naval ad- visory board, and Mrs. Henderson, who was Miss Middleton, of Washington; Philip Inch, member of the board of inspection and survey, and Mrs. and Miss Inch; Henry Lee Snyder, superintendent of the State, War and Navy department building, and Mrs. Snyder, who was Elizabeth Lee, daughter of Richard Lee, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania; Charles E. De Valin, and Mrs. De Vahn, who was Ellen Appleby, sister of George N. Appleby, of Washington; Daniel P. McCartney, on duty at the Washington navy yard; Absalom Kir- by and Mrs. Kirby; Robert B. Hine ; William H. Harris, assistant to the engineer-in-chief, and W. S. Smith, inspector of new cruisers, and Mrs. Smith, who was a daughter of Major Young, U. S. navy, and Miss Smith; Passed Assistant Engineers William A. H. Allen; Harrie Webster and Mrs. Webster, sister of Lieutenant Otto L. Hein, First cavalry; John A. Tobin, assistant to the superintendent of State, War and Navy department building; Herschel Main, Mrs. Main, who was Charlotte Bradbury, of Westminster, Massa- chusetts, and Miss Mabel Main; William S. Moore, and Mrs. Moore, daugh- ter of Gen. Eastman, U. S. army; William H. Nauman, and Mrs. Nauman, who was Mary Peters, daughter of George C. Peters, banker, of Portland, Maine; Henry Herwig and Mrs. Herwig, who was Miss Wheat, of an old family, of Alexandria, Virginia, and Martin Bevington, assistant to the engi- neer-in chief. The Bureau of Construction and Repair is represented by Chief Constructor Theodore D. Wilson, of Ney York, the senior member of his branch of the naval service, a widower; Philip Hichborn, of CaHfornia, member of the THE NAVY IN SOCIETY. 1 85 Board of Inspection and Survey, and Mrs. Hichborn, who was Jennie M. Franklin, daughter of Philip Franklin, of Townshend, Vermont, and Assistant Naval Constructor Lewis Nixon, of Virginia, also take part in society. Colonel William B. Reamy, United States Marine Corps, Judge Advocate General of the Navy, a bachelor, has long been a prominent society man and a great favorite. He entered the Marine Corps in 1S61, and serving with dis- tinction, came to Washington in 1869 as instructor in the army code of signals. Lieutenant Adolph Marix, a native of Saxony, and Lieutenant Samuel C. Lemly, both bachelors, are popular in society. The latter is one of the best posted men in the navy on society matters. Lieutenant William H. Stayton, marine corps, and Mrs. Stayton, who was Annie Henderson, daughter of Chief Engineer Henderson, U. S. N., are also pleasant members of naval society. Among the other members of the naval circle are Professor Simon New- comb, superintendent of the Nautical Almanac, one of the foremost mathe- maticians and astronomers not only of the United States, but of the world. Mrs. Newcomb was MaryC. Hassler, daughter of Surgeon C. A. Hassler, U. S. navy, and grand-daughter of Ferdinand A. Hassler, first superintendent of the coast survey. Miss Anita Rosalie Newcomb assiststs her mother in society. Lieutenant John W. Stewart, and Mrs. Stewart, who was Alice O. Laney, daughter of Rev. W. H. Laney, of the Methodist church, a grand-daughter of the late Thomas Wilson, of Silver Springs, Maryland, and related on her moth- er's side to the Philips and Pickerell families of Georgetown, are also agreea- ble members of the naval circle. The hydographer of the navy, Commander John R. Bartlett, chief of the hydrographic office, is a nephew of the late Senator Anthony, of Rhode Island. Mrs. Bartlett, well known in society, is also from Rhode Island. The other members of this scientific branch of the service, and their ladies, are Lieu- tenants George L. Dyer and Mrs. Dyer, who was a daughter of the late Judge Palmer, of New York; W. H. Parker and Mrs. Parker, a daughter of Rear Admiral Thornton A. Jenkens; Downs L. Wilson and Mrs. Wilson; Nathan Niles and Mrs. Niles, who was Blanche Rousseau, daughter of General Lovell Helaire Rousseau, one of the finest officers of the volunteer service of the late war; Charles M. Emmerick ; R. G. Davenport and Mrs. Daven- port, who is from New York; Gottfried Blocklinger, and Mrs. Blockinger, who was Miss Weigel, daughter of Frederick W. Weigel, of Dubuque, Iowa; Frederick H. Le Favor and Mrs. Le Favor, and Greenlief A. Merriam and Mrs. Merriam. Also Lieutenant Commander W. H. Brownson, Hydro- graphic Inspector L'. S. Coast .Survey, and Mrs. Brownson. Commander Robley Evans, Chief Inspector of steel for the new vessels, is 1 86 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. one of the most active young men in the navy. Mrs. Evans was Charlotte Taylor, daughter of Franck Taylor, an old citizen of Washington, and a great grand-daughter of General Daniel Morgan, the hero of the revolutionary bat- tle of Covvpens. Her brother is Captain D. M. Taylor, ordnance corps, U. S. A , and her sister is Mrs. Maguire, wife of a former president of the Washington jockey club. Lieutenant Frank J. Milligan, who keeps the record of steel inspection for the new vessels of the navy, is another of the bright younger men of the service. Mrs. Milligan was Carrie E. Andrews, of Knoxville, Tennessee, and a member of the historic family of Lathrops, of Michigan. Commander Henry F. Picking, Naval Secretary of the Light House board, has seen extensive service on sea and land, and is one of the most courtly men in the navy. Among the officers on special duty and the ladies of their families during the season were Commodore James A. Greer, President of the Naval Exam- ining Board, Mrs. and Miss Greer; Commodore Aaron W. Weaver and Mrs. and Miss Weaver; Captain Francis M. Ramsay and Mrs. Ramsay, a sister of General Martin McMahon, of New York; Professor James Russell Soley, in charge of library and war records, formerly civil professor at the naval academy, author of "The Blockade and the Cruisers," and other works, and Mrs Soley, who was Mary Howland, grand-daughter of Gardner G. How- land, head of the celebrated firm of Howland & Aspinwall, merchants of New York; Lieutenant Richard Rush, son of J Murray Rush, an eminent lawyer of Philadelphia, and grand-son of Richard Rush, Secretary of the Treasury, minister to England, and attorney general, and Mrs. Rush, who was Ella M. Day, daughter of Edgar B. Day, of Catskill, New York, and grand-daughter of Elisha Camp, of Sackett's harbor, and famous in the war of 1812; Lieutenant James C. Gilmore and Mrs. Gilmore, daughter of a former collector of Alas- ka; Lieutenant Percival J. Werlich and Mrs. Werlich, formerly Hattie Mc- Ceney, one of the prettiest of Washington's young society ladies ; Lieutenant Chauncey Thomas, aide to the Admiral and Mrs. Thomas, who was a daugh- ter of J. P. Flagg, of Caml)ridge, Massachusetts ; T. Dix Bolles, of the Smith- sonian Institution, and Mrs, Bolles ; Captain Richard W. Meade, a nephew of the victcr of Gettysburg, and Mrs. Meade, whc is a daughter of Commo- dore Hiram Paulding, and Miss Meade; Captain WilHam P. McCann, of the Advisory Board, Mrs. McCann, and Miss Vulte ; Commander Silas Casey, commanding the U. S. receiving ship Dale, and Mrs. and the Misses Casey, and Lieutenant W. W. Rhoades, also of the Dale, and Mrs. Rhoades. The officers and scientific staff of the Naval Observatory and their ladies constitute another interesting group in the navy circle, among them Captain THE NAVY IX SOCIETY. 187 Robert L. Pythian, the superintendent, and Mrs. Pythian; Commander Allen D. Urown, assistant superintentlcnt, and Mrs. and Miss I'rown; Lieutenant Sumner C Pai.-.e and Mrs. Paine; Lewis C. Heilner and Mrs. Heilncr; H. W. Schaefer and Mrs. .Schaefer; Lazarus L. Reaniey, in former seasons one of the popular masters of ceremony and leaders of germans, and Mrs. Reamy, a descendant of Elder Brewster, of Mayflower fame; William H. Allen and Mrs. Allen; James II. Sears and Mrs. Sears; William P. Elliott and Mrs. Elliott; Ensign A. G. Winterhalter, Mrs. L. Winterhalter, and Miss Winterhalter; A. M. Mayer, and Professor Asaph Hall and Mrs. Hall; William Ilarkness; John R. Eastman and Mrs. Eastman and Edgar Frisby and Mrs. Frisby. The officers of the line and ladies at the navy yard during the season formed an agreeable circle of their own. The Mondays "at home" of the ladies who resided at the yard were always the occasion of pleasant gatherings of many of the fashionables from the city. This interesting group, including those residing iii the yard and in the city, consisted of Captain Rush R. Wallace and Mrs. and Miss Wallace; Commanders William Gibson and Mrs. Gibson; A. G. Kellogg and Mrs. Kellogg, who was Miss Evans, of Washington; and A. H. McCormickand Mrs. McCormick; Lieutenant Commanders Robert E. Impey and Mrs. Impey; Eugene W. Watson and Mrs. Watson; Herbert Winslo*- and Mrs. Winslow; Joseph W. Hemphill; William Swift and Mrs. Swift; Robert E. Carmody and Mrs. Carmody; Albert G. Berry and Mrs. Berry; Walter C. Cowles; Edward J. Dorn and Mrs. Dorn; Alfred Rey- nolds and Mrs. Reynolds; Andrew Dunlap and Mrs. Dunlap; Robert Piatt and Mrs. Flatt; Perry Garst and Mis. Garst; and Ensigns Albert Cleaves and H. C. Wakenshaw. Among the officers on leave, or waiting orders, who spent the gay season with their ladies at the capital, were Captain X. II. Farquhar and Mrs. Far- quhar; Allen Reed and Mrs. Reed; Commander Richard P. Leary and Mrs. Leary; Charles D. SigsVjee and Mrs. Sigsbce; Lieutenant Commander Joshua Bishop and Mrs. Bishop; Francis M. Barber and Mrs. Barber; Lieutenant Seth M. Ackley and Mrs. Ackley; Richardson Clover and Mrs. Clover and her mother, Mrs. Miller, widow of U. S. Senator John F. Miller, (jf Cali- fornia. The officers of the navy and their ladies, as a rule, take a more active part in the social affairs of the capital than any other branch of the service. The officers having much of the ceremonial and social in the line of duty naturally makes them at home on all matters of eli(juette. 158 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. CHAPTER XXV. The Marines in Society. "Mondays" at the barracks— fashion, music and parade — the in- spection "hup"— SOCIETY SIQHr SEEING— THE DRAWING-ROOMS OF THE WIFE OF THE COLONEL COMMANDANT — COLONEL MCCAWLEY — THE STAFF— MAJOR HOUSTON— CAPTAIN POPE — THE JUNIOR OFFICERS — THE LADIES OF THE GARRISON. UTs N the role of social novelties in fashionable life at the capital during the Vil-T g^y season no more fascinating diversion from the common round of \Z^J gayeties presents itself than "Mondays" at the Marine Barracks and Naval Arsenal, the former the headquarters of that chosen body of martial amphibians, the marine corps, and the latter the station of the naval ordnance officers who make guns that throw the destructive missiles of modern war from blank range to eight miles. Dowagers and matrons, buds and belles, wives and daughters of social highnesses, friends and lovers, may be seen weekly hastening towards the shores of the Anacostia, in the extreme south- eastern portion of the city, to take in these delightful and not soon to be for- gotten occasions. On the first Monday in December, and thereafter until gay society makes its annual migration to other fields, the usual inspection and review of the marines at the barracks is followed by a concert from 10.30, a. m., to 12, m., by the un- rivaled Marine Band, under the excellent leadership of Professor J. P. Sousa, a skillful director and composer of the popular operas Desiiee, the Smugglers, Queen of Hearts, and numerous miscellaneous pieces. The marines, drawn up on the barracks parade in their bright uniforms and highly furbished equip- ments, their manoeuvers executed with the precision of mechanical movements, their inimitable red-uniformed band of sixty pieces discoursing the finest music, the sheen of bayonets and glistening of silver instruments, presents a lively picture of martial array. In the mess hall of the barracks the group of capital beauties in their ele- gant morning toilettes, dwelling in raptures upon the delightful harmonies of the corps band, presents another picture of social entertainment enjoyaljle in the extreme. The repertoire is chosen from the choicest and latest creations of composers of all lands adapted under the genius of Sousa. Not unfre- quently the wishes of the young ladies prevail for a short "hop," which is al- lowed in the large suite of the main quarters of the officers, the string orches- tra of the band furnishing excellent music. Pending an intermission of an hour or two, the ladies, under escort of the THE MARINES IN SOCIETY. 1 89 gaily-uniiormetl officers of the corps, visit the navy yard near by, taking a glance at the sulphurous flames of its fiery foundries, the workings of the pon- derous lathes, the ships of war lying in the stream and the frowning practice batteries scanning the placid waters of the broad Anacostia and Potomac. Having viewed the appliances of grim-visaged war, returning to the bar- racks, the reception of Mrs. McCawley, the wife of the colonel commandant, awaits them from 2 to 5, p- m. The first lady of the social circle of the Marine Corps, before she became the wife of the gallant colonel commandant, was Miss Elise Henderson, of Ger- mantown, a niece of the brave old admiral, James Alden, the "fighting Jim- my " of the navy. Mrs. McCawley's receptions are among the most charming in Washington. The lady herself is exceedingly pretty, very attractive and does the social honors of the corps with surpassing popularity. Colonel Charles G. McCawley was born into the corps, his father having been a captain of marines. He is one of the handsome men of the service, being tall, well formed, with a military bearing. He is a Pennsylvanian, and joined the corps as a second lieutenant for service in Mexico. He partici- pated in the storming of Chapultepec and taking of the Mexican capital, and was brevetted for meritorious conduct. After distinguished services else- where, he commanded a detachment of one hundred marines in a boat attack on P'ort Sumter, in 1863, for which he was brevetted major. He earned his command of the corps in 1876, through the laurels he had harvested on many fields of his country's glory. The military and social duty of the corps is represented on the staff by Ma- jor Augustus S. Nicholson, adjutant and inspector, a son of the brave Major Augustus Nicholson, of the marines. He is a man of soldierly instincts, and very fond of fine horses, which he inherits from his father, a native of South Carolina, who owned the celebrated trotter Trenton, and was the leader of the aristocratic sporting circles of the early days of the capital. His mother was a member of the Lispenard family, one of the old families of New York, who owned what is now the busiest portion of the city. His brother is the veteran Commodore Nicholson. Mrs. Nicholson, who is of medium height, a very pretty blond, prematurely gray, was Jane Jessup, a daughter of the cel- ebrated Colonel Jessup, of the army, afterward quartermaster general, who gave the Indians such a terrible defeat in Florida, capturing the sly old chief warrior, Osceola. The Nicholsons live m the city where they receive hand- somely. Major Green Clay Goodloe has charge of the money chest of the corps. He is the grandson of Cassius M. Clay, and a thoroughbred blue grass Ken- tuckian. He is one of the handsomest men who ever wore the American 190 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. uniform — a little too stout perhaps, of late years, the fate of all high-strung Kentuckians. Mrs. Goodloe was Bettie Beck, the tall, lithe, graceful, and winning daughter of the liluff, honest-hearted Scotch- American United States Senator Beck, of Kentucky. She is a great grand-daughter, on her mother's side, of Colonel John Thornton, a cousin of General \Vashington. Major Horatio B. Lowry, the Quartermaster of the corps, is a fine, sol- dierly looking person, of middle age, who entered the service in 1861. He was distinguished in the operations of the marines in the naval movements dur- ing the rebellion. Mrs. Lowry, who was Charlotte Huntingdon Young, of Aurora, New York, is the daughter of Charles Clarke Young, one of the three founders of the Phi Beta Kappa society of Union College, and is de- scended from Judge John Young, a Scotch Irishman, who emigrated to Whites Town, near Utica, New York, about 1790, and married a daughter of Judge Hugh White, who, with his brother Philo White, established that settlement. Judge Young was the original proprietor of fifteen thousand acres of land in Ohio, and founder, about 1797, of the now enterprising city of Youngs- town, He was the presiding Judge of the first court of quarter sessions of Trumbull county, Ohio. The Misses Mary Louisa, Ida Frances, and Helen Olivia Lowry, daughters of Major Lowry, are very attractive 'and popular young ladies. Major George P. Houston, commander of the marine barracks and its garrison, is a bachelor, but keeps house in the city with his two sisters. He is a native of the Pequa valley, that garden spot of Pennsylvania. His fa- ther was the celebrated Dr. Houston, and his grand father was "Squire" Houston, one of Lancaster county's chosen citizens. Major Houston entered the corps in i860, and during the rebellion commanded the marines of Ad- miral Wilkes flag-ship Massachusetts, in search of the Confederate cruiser Alabama. He entered the corps in i860, receivinghis appointment personally from President James Buchanan, who, as a young man, studied law under Judge James Hopkins, of Lancaster. Major Houston's grand-mother was Judge Hopkins' sister. His mother was Miss Hughes, of Lancaster, a great belle. He presents a fine appearance at the head of his garrison of a couple of hun- dred superbly uniformed, equipped and drilled marines, with their magnifi- cent band, drum corps, and buglers. Captain Francis H. Harrington, second in command at the barracks, a na- tive of Washington, is the son of a Washington journalist, George H. Har- rington, afterwards Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under Salmon P. Chase and William Pitt Fessenden, and Minister Resident to Switzerland 1865-9. The Captain comes from old-time patriotic and fighting stock, being THE MARINES IN' SOCIETY. IQI a descendant of Samuel Chase, of Maryland, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. His mother was a niece of the brave Commodore Barney. Mrs. Harrington, a charming lady, was Rose Callen, daughter of J. F. CaU len, one o< Washington's most prominent citizens. Another branch in the line of duty and in the social circle of the Marine Corps is made up of the ofii;ers and their ladies of the marine garrison sta- tioned at the Naval Arsenal in the vicinity of the barracks. The commander of the garrison, Cap'.ain Percival C. Pope, a son of Rear Admiral John Pope, is a native of Massachusetts. During the war of the rebellion he was bre* vetted for gallantry. Me is one of llie finest officers in the service. Mrs. Pope was Sarah W. Parker, daughter of one of llie celebrated captains of the New England Merchant Marine. Captain Parker was m command of the clipper Santee, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, when captured in the Indian Ocean by the Confederate cruiser Florida. Mrs. Pope is a lady of fine social traits. Lieutenant Carlile P. Porter, second in command, the handsome son of Admiral Porter, has all the social qualities and gallantry of his distinguished family. The Lieutenant's wife was Carrie Capron, daughter of that heroic old soldier. Captain Capron, who fell in Mexico while in command of a bat- tery of United States artillery in action in one of tlie series of desperate en- counters against great odds on the march from Vera Cruz to the City of the Montezumas. Mrs. Porter is a beautiful blonde, tall and slender, with charm- ing manners and excellent taste in dress. Lieutenant Frank L. Denny, son of Judge Denny, of Indianapolis, and nephew of Admiral Davis, is another of the popular officers. Mrs. Denny was Julia Palmer, daughter of General Innis Palmer, one of the army's best officers. She was a great belle, and a universal favorite. Lieutenant How- ard K. Oilman, the junior of the garrison officers is not only another of the universally handsome officers of the corps, but is the author of several works on military subjects, notably " Naval Brigade and Operations Ashore." He is the son of Colonel Oilman, of the Commissary Department of the army. Dr. Andrew M. Moore, surgeon in the navy, who was on duty at the bar- racks, is a native of New York. In society, he and his estimable wife, a Ten- nesseean, are among the interesting social figures of the navy and marine circles. Dr. Melancthon L. Ruth, who has relieved Dr. Moore as surgeon of the corps, is one of the prominent club men and beaux of Washington, being known in naval circles as the " handsome doctor." 192 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. CHAPTER XXVI. Retired Officers of the Army, Navy and Marines. Heroes on land and sea— the veterans of three wars in the peace- ful WALKS of social LIFE — A DISTINGUISHED GATHERING OF BRAVE MEN AND ACCOMPLISHED WOMEN. §T is quite natural that the seat of government should be the residence of a large representation of the gallant officers who have fought the battles of their country for fully a half a century on land and sea. The asso- ciations of the camp and the quarter-deck, strengthened by dangers and pri- vations, find congenial companionship among those who have gone through the ordeal of war and duty. The presence also of so large an array of offi- cers of both branches of the fighting arm of the government in the adminis- trative branches, is another source of attraction to the men worn out in the service, yet by habits of discipline wont to go the rounds and keep up with the latest bit of army or navy intelligence. The retired officers of the army at the capital number nearly seventy, and their wives and daughters upwards of a hundred. The navy adds over fifty officers and upwards of sixty ladies to the list. In the social life of the capi- tal they receive social recognition with their different branches of the service, and appear, if their infirmities and disabilities will admit, at the Execu- tive mansion upon occasions in which the army and navy are part of the dis. play. The ranking officer on this roll of war worn veterans of the army is Major General James B. Ricketts, of New Jersey, one of the most distinguished generals of the late war. He commanded a battery in the first battle of Bull Run, and a division in the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac. He was repeatedly brevetted for bravery, and disabled by wounds. Mrs. Ricketts is one of the most active ladies in social affairs. Her daughter. Miss Daisy Ricketts, is a great favorite. The next in the line are the generals of brigade, who for heroic or merito- rious services were made major generals by brevet, and their ladies. Christopher G. Augur, of New York, was distinguished in Mexico, in the defenses of Washington, and in the campaigns in the Shenandoah valley, and siege of Port Hudson. Mrs. Augur, has two sons captains Colon of the Sec- ond, and Jacob A. Augur, of the Fifth cavalry, and a daughter, the wife of George B. Russel, Ninth Infantry, and also an unmarried daughter. Benjamin W, Brice, of Pennsylvania, former Paymaster General, is one of the courtly men of the old army. William H. Emory, of Maryland, one of the most dis- RETIRED OFFICERS OF THE ARMY, NAVV AND MARINES. I93 tinguished officers of ihe Army of the Potomac, the Shenandoah valley, and the Gulf, pending reconstruction, was military commander at New Orleans. Mrs. Emory was Miss Bache, daugher of an early superintendent U. S. Coast Survey, and grand daughter of Benjamin Franklin. Her son. Lieuten- ant William H. Emory, U. S. N., commanded one of the vessels in the Schley expedition for the relief of the Greeley arctic explorers. Miss Emory is a charming member of society. Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, succeeded John R. Floyd, in 1S60, as Secretary of War, cooperated with the general-in-chicf in maintaining order at the capital preceding and succeeding the inauguration of President Lincoln, and later as judge advocate general of the army, was con- spicuous in the trial and execution of the conspirators headed by WMlkes Booth. Montgomery C Meigs, of Pennsylvania, is one of the most distin- guished engineers and architects in the army. He built the Wasliington aqueduct, wings and dome of the capitol, and the new pension building at Washington. Mrs. and the Misses Taylor, are the lady members of his house- hold. Daniel H. Rucker, of New Jersey, breve ted for services in the Mex- ican and late wars was Quartermaster General. Mrs. Rucker was Irene Curtis, daughter of Lieutenant Curtis, of the infantry, and her entertaining daughters are the Misses Louisa and Sarah Rucker. Another daughter, Irene, is the wife of the lieutenant general. Edward D. Tovvnsend, of Massachusetts, chief of staff to General Scott, in 1861, and later adjutant gen- eral United States army, was ad interim Secretary of War, pending the con- troversy between President Johnson and General Grant. Mrs. Townsend, and the Misses Townsend, and Miss .\uchmity, are the ladies of his family. Horatio G. Wright, of Connecticut, wlio constructed tlie defense of Washing- ton, 1S61, commanded the famous Sixth corps. Mrs. W'right and Mrs. Smith, represent him socially. In the list of generals of brigade are Nathan W. Brown, of New York, former Paymaster General, son of Jacob Brown, General in Chief of the Army, 1821-28. His two daughters, Virginia Duval and Susan M. Brown, are attractive members of society. William McK. Dunn, of Indiana, former Judge Advocate General. Mrs. Dunn was Miss Lanier, daughter of a New York banker, formerly of Indiana. Her daughter is the wife of D. R. Mc- Kee, agent of the Associated Press at Washington. A son, William McK. Dunn, is captain Second artillery, another is a planter in Virginia. In the list of colonels and brevet major generals, are Henry F. Clarke, of Pennsylvania, who served in the artillery in the Mexican war, and was dis- tinguished in the Subsistence Department in the late war, Mrs. Clarke, Miss Jones are the lady members of his family. Henry J. Hunt, of Micliigan, or- ganised and was fhief of artillery of the army of tlie Potomac. Mrs. Hunt »3 194 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. and the Misses Hunt complete his family. Joseph J. Reynolds, of Indiana, was distinguished in the battles of the army of the Cumberland, and later as commander of the Nineteenth army corps. The ladies of his family are Mrs. Reynolds, Mrs. Hayden, Miss Bainbrid^e. Next in the line are colonels and brevet brigadier generals. Edmund B. Alexander, of Kentucky, is the oldest living graduate of the military academy, having entered the infantry from that institution in 1823, distinguished in the Mexican war, and on recruiting, staff and administrative duties in the late \i'ar. His daughter, Mrs. Colonel Lieber, is very popular in society. Another slaughter is the wife of the professor of drawing at the military academy, and two sons. Lieutenant Colonels Richard H. and Charles T. Alexander are sur- :geons U. S. A. Robert E. Clary was formerly Chief Quartermaster and As- sistant to the Quartermaster General. Mrs. Clary, Mrs. Kay, and Miss Kay are the ladies of his family. Frederick T. Dent, of Missouri, brevetted in Mexico, was on the staff of General Grant in the late war. Mrs. Dent was formerly Miss Lynde, daughter of the late Major Lynde, U. S. A. Lawrence B. Graham, of Virginia, was in the battles against the Seminoles, in Mexico, and commander of a cavalry brigade army of the Potomac. Mrs. Graham is very agreeable. John J. Gregg was commander of a cavalry brigade of the army of the Potomac. Mrs Gregg is popular in a large circle. Peter V. Ilagner commanded the regular siege train company of ordnance in the battles preceding the capture of Mexico, and was in charge of pur- chase and issue of military supplies in the late war. Mrs. Hagner is very agreeable. Innis N. Palmer was a distinguished corps commander of the late war. Mrs. Palmer is a niece of Mrs. Colonel Lawrence P. Graham. Her three beautiful daughters, Catharine, wife of Lieutenant H. R. Lemly, Third artillery, another the wife of Lieutenant Frank L. Denny, marine corps, and Mrs. Swift, wife of Lieutenant Eben Swift, Fifth cavalry, aid to General Merritt, were very popular as young ladies in Washington society. George Thom was a distinguished topographical engineer, aide to General, after President, Franklin Pierce, in the Mexican war. Stewart Van Vliet served in the artillery in the Florida and Mexican wars, and was chief quartermaster army of the Potomac during the rebellion. He was one year at West Point during the term of General Grant. They became close friends, which was maintained through life. General Van Miet was one of the little circle of army companions who played ''Boston" with President Grant once a week of an evening at the White House for old time amusement. He is one of the most indefatigable and popular members of society, being seen upon all occa- sions. Mrs. Van Vliet was Sarah Jane Brown, daughter of Major Jacob Brown, of the artillery, killed in the Mexican war, and after whom Fort RETIRED OFFICERS OF THE ARMY, NAVY AND MARINES. 1 95 Brown, now Brownsville, Texas, was named. Iler sister Mary married Dr. S. P. Moore, formerly a surgeon in the army, who went South and was Sur- geon General in the Confederate service. Lieutenant Robert Campbell Van \liet, adjutant Tenth infantry, a son, is one of the best shots in the army, hav- ing won several prizes. Dr. Frederick C. Van Vliet resides at the General's summer place at Shrewl)ury, New Jersey. In the array of retired heroes of the field and staff, and their ladies, are Colonel Joseph Conrad, distinguished in the battles of the Army of the Cum- berland, Mrs. and Miss Conrad; John F. Head, of the Medrcal Department, and Mrs. Head; John Macomb, of frontier garrison and engineer fame, Mrs. and the Misses Macomb; John D. Wilkins, colonel Fifth infantry, and Mrs. Wilkins, who was Miss Howard, of Washington; Theodore Yates, retired for wounds in the line of duty, Mrs. and Miss Yates. Lieutenant Colonels James J. Dana and Mrs. Dana; Orlanda H. Moore; L. Sitgraves and Mrs, Sitgraves ; Major Joseph B. CoUins and Mrs. Collins; Theodore J, Ecker- son and Mrs. Eckerson; Edward McK. Hudson, Miss Hudson, Miss M. L. Hudson, and Miss E. McK. Hudson; David B. McKibben, Mrs. McKibben, and Mrs. Herring; James McMillan, Mrs. McMillan, who was Miss Dodge, of Georgetown, and Mrs. Randolph and Nicholas Vedder, Mrs. Vedder, and Mrs. Fleming. In the list of retired officers of the line and their ladies, are Captains Thomas F. Azpell, Mrs. and the Misses Azpell ; Francis H. Bates, Mrs. Bates, sister of the wife of Surgeon Greenleaf, U. S. A., and Miss Katie Bates ; James A. Bates, Mrs. Bates ; C. Bendire, on duty at the Smithsonian Institution, an authority on entomology; Charles M. Callahan, Mrs. Callahan, and Mrs. Crissman; George A. Armes, Mrs. Amies, and the Misses Armes; Robert Catlin and Mrs. Catlin, who was Miss Satterlee, daughter of a re- tired banker, formerly residing near New York; John S. Garland, Mrs. Gar- land, and the Misses Garland; Thomas B. Hunt, Mrs. and Miss Hunt; Gar- rick Mallery, of the bureau of ethnology, an authority on Indian languages, and Mrs. Mallery; John Miller, Mrs. Miller, and Miss Zapponi ; Charles M. Pyne and Mrs. Pyne ; Wright Rives, Mrs. Rives, and Mrs. Williams; Benjamin F. Rittenhouse and Mrs. Rittenhouse ; Alfred B. Taylor and Mrs. Taylor; Richard W. Tyler and Mrs. Tyler; Charles J. Von Hermann and Mrs. Von Hermann, and Frederick Whyte, Mrs. Wliyte, Miss Jones, and Miss Brennan. First Lieutenants Edward AUsworth, Mrs. Allsworth and Mrs. Washburn; Francis E. Brownell, Mrs. Brownell, and Miss Harrington; Robert G. Carter and Mrs. Carter ; Oscar J. Converse and Mrs. Converse; William A. Dinwiddle and Mrs. Dinwiddie ; Richard C.Dubois and Mrs. Dubois ; Frank P. Gross, Mrs. Gross, Mrs. MorroW; and Miss Brass ; Rob- 196 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. ert G. Rutherford, Mrs. and Miss Rutherford, and Royal F. Whitman and Mrs. Whitman. There were twenty-five rear admirals, who made their residence in Wash- ington during the season. These heroes of the country's glory on the high seas are a valuable and interesting acquisition to the naval circle in particular and fashionable life in general. Their social accomplishments are the accre- tion of varied experiences at home and at the courts and in the gay circles of foreign lands. As a class they maintain the activity of their younger days and, in fact, frequently quite outdo the younger officers in instances of gal- lantry. In this list, with the ladies of their families, are Thomas O. Selfridge, of Massachusetts, the oldest living officer of the navy, having entered it in 1818. Mrs. Selfridge and Mrs. Johnson; William Radford, of Virginia, commander of the Cumberland, but on court-martial duty when sunk by the ram Merri- mac, and Mrs. Radford; Samuel Philips Lee, of Virginia, at one time com- mander of the North Atlantic blockading squadron, who intercepted General Hood on the Cumberland river, saving General Thomas' army, and Mrs Lee. Thornton A. Jenkins, of Virginia, fleet captain and chief of staff of Farra- gut's squadron. Miss Jenkins, Alice Jenkins, an artist of merit, Carrie Jen- kins, a society favorite; William Rogers Taylor, of Rhode Island, fleet cap- tain with Admiral Dahlgren in the operations against Morris Island and Fort Sumter, and Mrs. Taylor; Charles Steedman, of South Carolina, one of the heroes of the many engagements along the coast, and Miss Steedman; John J. Almy, of Rhode Island, captor of four noted blockade running steamers with valuable cargoes, and destroyer of four others, and Miss Annie Almy; C. R. P. Rodgers, of New York, fleet captain to Admiral Dupont, and Mrs. Rodgers; Thomas H. Patterson, of Louisiana, who led the naval support of McClellan's army on the York peninsula, and Mrs. Patterson; John C. How- ell, of Pennsylvania, a hero of both actions at Fort Fisher, Mrs. and Miss Maria Howell; Thomas H. Stevens, of Connecticut, distinguished in nearly all the engagements of the war on the lower Chesapeake and south Atlantic, and Mrs. Stevens ; Samuel P. Carter, of Tennessee, assigned to the com- mand of a brigade of the loyal Tennesseeans, and distinguished in the cam- paigns in Kentucky and Tennessee, and Mrs. Carter; Edmund R. Colhoun, of Pennsylvania, conspicuous lor gallantry in the operations on the southern coast, Mrs. and Miss Colhoun and Helen Colhoun; Clark H. Wells, of Penn- sylvania, one of the heroes of Admiral Farragut's attack on the Mobile, Mrs. Wells, who was Mary Welsh, of York, Pa., and her daughter, Mrs. Ellen Welsh Reeder, wife of the executive officer of the Galena ; Daniel Ammen, of Ohio, distinguished in the attacks on Forts Sumter and Fisher, and by RETIRED OFFICERS OF THE ARMY, NAVY AND MARINES. 197 President Grant, liis boyhood friend, placed in charge of the development of a plan of interoceanic coinnmnication across the American isthmus; Andrew Bryson, of New York, in all the principal actions off Charleston in which the iron clads were engaged, and Mrs. and Miss Bryson; John C. Febiger, of Pennsylvania, of the Gulf and Atlantic squadrons, Mrs. Febiger and Miss Johnson ; Pierce Crosby, of Pennsylvania, distinguished in the capture of New Orleans, on the Mississippi and south Atlantic, Mrs. Crosby, who was Louise Audenriecl, sister of the late Colonel Joseph C. Audenried, of General Sherman's staff; William Temple, of Vermont, who participated in the bom- bardment and capture of Richmond, and Mrs. Temple; John H. Upshur, of Virginia, active in the operations in the north and south Atlantic blockading squadron and Mrs. Upshur, who was widow of General Phil. Kearney ; S. P. Quackenbush, of New York, who covered the retreat of Burnsides' army at Roanoke island, and Mrs. Quackenbush; Walter W. Queen, of New York, one of the division commanders of Porter's mortar flotilla at New Orleans and Vicksburg, and Mrs. Queen; Frances A. Roe, of New York, distinguish- ed in the cajjture of New Orleans, and many engagements on the western rivers, and Mrs. Roe; John II. Russell, of Maryland, in the actions leading to the capture of New Orleans and Vicksburg, and Mrs. Russel, and John L. Worden, of New York, the commander of the Monitor when she sunk the Merrimac in Hampton Rhoads, March 1862, and Mrs. Worden, Grace Worden, and Mrs. Busbee. In the other grades of the line, those of the retired otificers and their ladies, who participated in social gayeties at the capital during the season, were Com- modore Somerville Nicholson, of New York, Mrs. and Miss Nicholson; Captain Andrew W. Johnson, of the District of Columbia, and Miss Johnson, and Commander H. De Haven Manley, and Mrs. Manley and George M. Bache and Lieutenant Frederick E. Upton. The distinguished retired members of the staff, and their ladies, who take part in society, are Medical Directors Charles D. Maxwell, Mrs. and Miss Maxwell, and William Grier ; Pay Directors George F. Cutter, Mrs. Cutter, and James H. Watmough, Mrs. Watniough ; Pay Inspector James N Car- penter, and Paymaster George A. Sawyer, and Mrs. Sawyer; Chief Engi- neers William H. Shock, Nathan B. Clark, and Mrs. Clark, W. H. Hunt, and W. H. Rutherford; Passed Assistant Engineer R. H. Gunnell, Mrs. Gunnell; Professors J. H. C. Coffin, and Mrs. Chew; Henry H. Lockwood and Mrs. I.ockwood, and J. E. Nourse, Mrs. Nourse, Mi>.s Nourse; Naval Conductor John W. Easby and Mrs Easby; Civil Engineer W. P. S. Sanger and Mrs. .Sanger, and Ensigns R. C. Ray and Mrs, Ray, and Edward E. Hayden and Mrs. Hayden. ipS SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. The retired officers of the Marine Corps, and their ladies, who reside in Washington, are Major William B. Slack and Mrs. Slack, a niece of Senator Pierce, of Maryland; Major G. B. Graham, and Captain G. B. Haycock and Mrs. Haycock. Many of the retired officers of both branches of the war-making arm of the government give entertainments, and take an active part in the social gayeties of the season. IN THE STATUTORY RANK OF OFFICIAL PRECEDENCE. 1 99 CHAPTER XXVII. In the Statutory Rank of Official Precedence. 'ihe judges of the court of claims and their ladies — the secreta- ry of the senate — the clerk of the house of representatives — the assistant secretariks of executive departments — the clerk of the supreme court of the united states — their social sur- roundings. (;ii*T EXT to the chief officers of the legislative, executive, and jutlicial 7\\^ branches of the government in the scale of official duty and social dig- tJ_jA) nity, are those upon whom rests the immediate responsibility for the direction of the details of administration. As a rule, they are gentleman of commanding abilities and experience, and have performed distinguished services in (he various walks of national, State, or municipal affairs. In their social life and surroundings, they form a prominent feature in the circle of official fashionable gayeties during the season. In thejudicial system of the United States, the Court of Claims, from an off- shoot of Congress with less power than a committee of that body aiul no au- thority to give judgement against the United States, it has been created by later enactments a tribunal with exclusive original jurisdiction of all cases wherein the government has consented to be sued, and with special jurisdic- tion in many cases involving important interests and large sums of money. William A. Richardson, Chief Justice of the Court of Claims, is a man of long experience in the theory, practice, and application of laws. In 1855 he was one of the commissioners to revise the statutes of the State of Massa- chusetts. He was sixteen years judge of Probate and Insolvency, and de- clined a judgeship of the Superior Court. He has at different times held five commissions, giving him a life tenure of office. During the Boutwell regime in the treasury dep.-irtment in the Grant administration, he was Assistant Sec- retary and succeeded to the chief place when Mr. Boutwell retired. He re- signed to go on the bench of tlie Court of Claims and at the close of the Arthur administration was raised to Chief Justice. The elegant mansion and social surroundings of Judge Richardson are pre sided over by hi* daughter, who is the wife of l)r. A. F. Magruder, surgeon in the United States Navy. As a young lady Miss Isabel Richardson was very po])ular in Washington society. Mrs. Richardson died in Paris in 1876. During the jveriod of Judge Richartlson's Secrelaryihip nf the Treasury she was one of the prominent ladies of the cabinet circle. In the personnel of judges of the court, Charles \V. Nott, of New York, is 200 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. the senior on the Hst. He took an early part in Republican politics. He was a member of tha committee which had charge of the Cooper Institute demon- stration in i860, upon which occasion Abraham Lincoln, in the flush of the prestige of his vigorous senatorial contest in the field against Douglass^ made the great speech, which opened the way to his nomination and election to the Presidency the same year. Judge Nott, after service in the war, was appointed to the bench of the Court of Claims, among the last acts of President Lincoln's administration. Mrs. Nott, who entertains during the season, is popular in society. Glenni W. Scofield is the most widely known member of the Court. He represented one of the northwestern districts of Pennsylvania in Congress as early as 1862, and was conspicuous not only as a legislator, but for his legal learning. He was one of the intimate friends of President Lincoln. An in- cident in his acquiantance illustrates the kindly methods of the President. A private soldiei in one of the companies from the Representative's district hav- ing stepped out of the ranks and knocked down his captain, by a court-martial was sentenced to the Dry Tortugas. Political pressure compelled the Repre- sentative to see the authorities to endeavor to secure a pardon. Representa- tive Scofield called upon the President and explained his case. The President dryly remarked "so your man knocked his captain down. Now if you will just get Congress to pass a law giving a private soldier the right to knock his captain down, then I will be able to see my way to getting your friend re- leased." The Representative, drawing the moral of the President's suggestion, liad nothing more to say. Mrs. Scofield was Laura M. Tanner, daughter of Archibald Tanner, one of the early settlers and merchants of northwestern Pennsylvania. Her daughter EUie is a young lady of quiet manners. This interesting family has long been prominent in the social life at the capital. Judge Lawrence Weldon, of Ohio, was appointed to the bench of the Court of Claims by President Arthur. He was one of the early friends of President Lincoln, a lawyer by profession, and declining political preferment until ap- pointed to his present place, divided his time between important litigation and the professorship of law in the Wesleyan University of Illinois. Mrs. Weldon, who is a lady of literary instincts, has around her a wide circle of congenial lady friends. She is assisted in her social stTairs by her married daughter, who visits Washington durirg the season. Judge John Davis, of Massachusetts, is the youngest member of the Court of Claims. He was thirty-four years of age when he was placed there in the last days of the Arthur administration. He was assistant counsel of the United States before the French American claims commission, and later As- sistant Secretary of State. Mrs, Davis was Miss Frelinghuysen, daughter of IN THE STATUTORY RANK OF OFFICIAL PRECEDENCE. 20I Arthur's Secretary of State, and lias been a great favorite and much admired in Washington social circles as the daughter of a distinguished Senator of the United States and Premier of an administration, and also as the wife of an Assistant Secretary of State, and ni)w in the judicial circle. The retired members of the court are Chief Justice Charles D. Drake, formerly a Senator of the United Stales from Missouri. He was conspicuous in State and national affairs in those days. Mrs. Drake and daughter, Mrs. Westcott, a widow, compose his family. Judge Edward G. Loring, another retired member of the court, was appointed by President Buchanan. He was previously judge of probate in Suffolk county, Massachusetts, and was legislated out of office by the "Abolitionist " majority in the Legislature of that State for issuing a warrant for the arrest and return of a fugitive slave. The Misses Loring are very well known in society. Anson G. McCook, the Secretary of the Senate, belongs to the Ohio family of that name, represented l)y Edwin G. McCook, a well-known cavalry officer of the late war; Robert S. McCook,, commander in the Navy; Governor McCook, of Colorado; Rev. Mr. McCook, of the Presbyterian ministry, and Alexander McD. McCook, colonel Sixth infantry. He was himself a gallant officer in the army of the Cumberland. Secretary McCook, at the close of the war, having settled in New York, in company with General Joshua T. Owen, of Philadelphia, established The Law Reporter, for the publication of legal notices and advertisements of the New York courts. He was elected to several Congresses from the "Fifth Avenue Hotel district," famous for its men of wealth, ladies of fashion, and politicians. In 1883, upon the return of the .Senate to Republican control, he succeeded in effecting a concentration of voles in his favor for the secretaryship of tliat body, against George C. Gorham, of California, one of the shrewd men (jf national politics, a friend of ex-United States Senator Conkling, and a stalwart of pronounced type. Mrs. McCook was Miss McCook, of New York, a cousin of her husband, to whom she was married in 1886. She is a lady of high education, fine social trails, and prominently known in society at the capital. General John B. Clark, clerk of the House of Representatives, was well known in Congressional circles as a member of that body for five terms, be- ginning in 1873. His father was a Representative from 1854 to '61. During the two months triangular contest for the speakership of the Thirty-sixth Congress he forced the fight by introducing a resolution declaring that no man should be elected speaker who endorsed Helper's book, which was aimed at Mr. Sherman. General Clark is a grand nephew of Governor James Clark, of Kentucky, and Christopher Clark, of \'irginia, a Representative during Jefferson's jiresidency. His three interesting daughters, Augusta, Kate and 202 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. Mariana, the latter to be a debutante next season, preside over his household, their mother, who was Miss Buckner, of Kentucky, being deceased. One son, Charles B. Clark, resides in New Mexico; and another, E. Buckner Clark, is connected with the United States Geological Survey. At the head of the list of Assistant Secretaries of executive departments, is Governor James D. Porter, of Tennessee. Before his selection by Secretary Bayard, to take charge of the important details affecting the personnel of the diplomatic and consular service, he had been judge legislator, member of the Constitutional Convention, Vice President of the Historical Society of Ten- nessee, one of the Peabody Board of Trustees, Governor of his State, President of the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad. He is a descendant of John Por- ter, a settler on the Connecticut river soon after the landing of the Pilgrims, and the first of the name in the United States. The family successively re- moved to Pennsylvania, Maryland, Kentucky, and finally into Tennessee, ■where they have lived for several generations. Mrs. Porter, who is very popular in Washington, was Miss Sua Dunlap, daughter of General John H. Dunlaj), of West Tennessee, an early pioneer and distinguished soldier of the Florida war, in which he commanded a company of Tennesseeans at nineteen years of age, and later was a brigadier general. She is a niece of General Richard G. Dunlap, minister of the Republic of Texas to the United States during the presidency of Mirabo B. Lamar, a relative of the Secretary of the Interior, also a niece of Judge W. C. Dunlap, of Memphis, former represent- ative and judge, and of Hugh W. Dunlap, of Louisiana. Her daughter is the wife of Dr. W. G. Bibb, of Montgomery, Alabama. Her son Charles D. Porter, is a lawyer of Nashville. Dudley Porter is a farmer near Paris, Ten- nessee, and Kennedy Porter is a young man at school. Alvey A. Adee, of New York, who is the Second Assistant Secretary of State, is thoroughly posted in diplomatic matters. He was Secretary of Legation, and Charg^ d'Affaires in Spain during the missions of General Sickles and ex-Attorney General Cushing. During his eight years residence at the Castiliian court, he W'as a spectator of the usual panorama of Spanish politics, which embraced the outbreak of four revolutions, the elevation and downfall of two kings, five presidents of the Republic, and tliirty-nine prime ministers. Assistant Secretary Adee being a bachelor, the social affairs of his household are attended to by Mrs, David Graham Adee, his brother's wife, a daughter of Rufus Skeels, a prominent citizen of Newburg, New York. John Bassett Moore, of Wilmington, belongs to one of the old famlies of Kent county, Delaware. He is a son of Dr. J. A. Moore, a prominent phy- sician of Felton. Mr, Moore is a man of fine legal attainments, a bachelor, and in great demand socially. IN THE STATUTORY RANK OF OFFICIAL PREDEDENCE. 203 Governor Hugh S. Thompson was occupying the gubernatorial cliair of South Carolina for the second time when invited by the I'resident to accept the post of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. He had previously been State Superintentknt of Education for three terms. His grandfather was Chancellor of South Carolina, and his uncle, General Waddy Thompson, was prominently known in Congressional affairs and Whig politics, and was Min- ister to Mexico. Mrs. Thompson was Lize Clarkson, of one of the historical families of the Palmetto State, and in Washington society has taken a promi- nent part. Isaac H. Maynard, who was raised from Second Comptroller to Assistant Secretary upon the elevation of Mr. Fairchild to the chief place in the De- partment of the Treasury, is a native of Bovina, New York, situated among the headwaters of the Delaware river. He was Deputy Attorney General of his State when placed at the head of one of the Comptroller's bureaus in 1885. In the intricate duties of deciding questions of law under the revenue statutes he has manifested soundness of judgment upon the profound economic questions involved. Mrs. Maynard, a very pleasant lady in society, was Margaret M. Marvin, of Delhi, New York, daughter of Charles Marvin, president of the Delaware National I5ank. Her daughter, Fanny, is still young. The direction of the great army of thirty thousand postmasters and double that number of other emj)loj6s of the postal service is under Adlai I'^. Steven- son, of Illinois. He is a gentleman of polished manners, affable and ap- proachable. He represented one of the Illinois districts in the Forty-fourth and Forty-sixth Congresses, and was then one of the men of mark on the Democratic side of the House. Mrs. Stevenson was Lettie Green, daughter of Rev. Lewis W. Green, president of Centre college, at Danville, Kentucky. Her hushiand here received his education, and was a classmate of Senator Blackburn, A. Leo Knott, of Maryland, Second Assistant Postmaster General, had been States attorney three terms, legislator twelve years, and the Maryland member of the Democratic National Executive Committee four years when called to the assistance of the Postmaster General in managing the contracts for the transportation of the people's letters. Mrs. Knott, who was Virginia Keenan, is the daughter of Anthony Keenan, one of the old merchants of Baltimore She has made herself very popular in Washington society. Henry R. Harris, who was a Representative in three Congresses, beginning . with the Forty-fourth and again in the f^orty-ninth, entered the Third Assist- ant Postmaster Generalship immediately after the expiration of his Congress- ional services. He was a memlier of the Committee on Ways and Means, and is a man of affairs. Mrs. Harris, a Washington Lady, was Miss Kate V. Moses a very attractive member of resident society. 204 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. Henry L. Muldrow, of Mississippi, first Assistant Secretary of the Interior, who was a member of several Congresses, was invited into the department by Secretary Lamar. He is an officer of decided administrative ability, par- ticularly in the performance of the complicated duties growing out of the vast internal affairs of the nation. Mrs. Muldrow was Eliza Vick Ervin, daughter of James W. Ervin, a Mississippi planter. Her daughter Louise Muldrow, is an accomplished young lady and assists her mother in her social duties. David L. Hawkins, of Missouri, a lawyer of prominence, and circuit judge at Cape Giiardeau, performs the duties of Second Assistant Secretary of the Interior. Mrs. Hawkins, a lady of agreeable manners, was Miss Tippie S, Knott, of an old Maryland family. Her father settled in Missouri in 1834. Her mother was Virginia Block. Her son, Charles N. Hawkins, superin- tends the family estate in Scott county, Missouri. The Solicitor General, the second officer of the Department of Justice, is George A. Jenks, of Pennsylvania, a man of legal acumen and experience, and of leading political importance in the afTairs of his State. He is a native of Jefferson county, Pennsylvania, and served in Congress 1875-7. In 1880 he was Democratic candidate for Supreme Judge of Pennsylvania. In 1885 he was Assistant Secretary of the Interior, which he resigned to take charge of the legal business of John E. DuBois, nephew and heir of the late John Du- Bois, the millionaire lumberman of Northwestern Pennsylvania. In 18S6 he was invited to accept his present high place. Mrs. Jenks was Mary Mabon, daughter of Thomas Mabon, a large flouring, woolen and lumber mill owner. Her daughter, Miss Emma Jenks, is a graduate of the Blairsville Seminary, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Jenks and Miss Jenks, while naturally of retiring inc'i- nations, fill a prominent place in social affairs. William A. Maury, the senior Assistant Attorney General, springs from old time Virginia stock. He was partner in the practice of law with James Mandeville Carliale, the firm being one of the most prominent in Washington, when he was appointed in 1882 to his present position by President Arthur. His father was John Walker Maury, mayor of Washington, 1852-4. The family is of Huguenot origin and connected wi.h the Fontaines. One cf his ancestors. Rev. James Maury, who was born 1717, and is hurried in Grace church yard, Albemarle county, Virginia, conducted one of the early grammar schools of the co'.ony, and educated some of the finest scholars ever produced l)y the " Old Dominion. " Among his pupils was Thomas Jefferson. He was also a party to the celebrated Parson's case, upon which Patrick Henry made his speech on a suit to recover tithes and which was one of the events which aroused the colonial blood against royal oppression. Rev. Walker Maury, this ancestor's son, established a school at Williamsburg, which maintained IV THE STATUTORY RANK OK OFFICIAL PRECEDENCE. 205 the same liigh reputation. Wlien JefTerson went abroad, on the recommenda- tion of Mr. Madison, he jilaced his two nephews, tlic Carr's, under his tuilion. John Randolph, of Roanoke, was also one of his pupils. A son of James Maury was appointed by President Washington as Consul to Liverpool, which he held until turned out by President Jackson, thirty years after. The Assist- ant Attorney General is a cousin c>f Anne Maury, of New York, author of "Memoirs of Huguenot families."' Mrs. Maury was Elizabeth Ilerndon Maury, fourth cousin of her husband, and daughter of Commodore Maury, authcjr of " Physical Geography of the Sea," and other valuable contributions to hydrographic science. Her mother was sister of Captain William Lewis Ilerndon, of the United States Navy, the heroic commander of the merchant steamer Central America, when she foundered off tlie American coast. Captain Herndon was the father of Presi- dent Arthur's wife. The Assistant Attorney General for the Department of the Interior, Zach. Montgomery, is a man of force and experience. He is a native of Missouri, but crossed the plains in 1850, settling in California, where he has since re- sidetl, £:t first dividing his time between mining and law. He had been legis- lator and district attorney when called to his present place in 1885, Vjy his old college mate and friend. Attorney General Garland. His confirmation was opposed in the Senate on account of his views on the school question, which led to the publication of his work on "The school question from a parentaj and non-sectarian standpomt." Mrs. Montgomery was Ellen Evoy, daughter of James Evoy, one of the early settlers of Missouri. Her mother, who was then a widow, with her two sons and daughters, the present Mrs. Montgomery one o[ them, and friends braved the dangers and toils of a journey across the plains in 1S49, and settled in Marysville, California. Her daughters, Mary and Jennie, have just entered society and are very attractive. Another daughter is Sister Seraphica of the Roman Catholic sisterhood of St Joseph for teach- ing and nursing and a member of the Mother House of that order. Her three sons, John Montgomery is a scientist and electrician, Richard is collector of customs at San I)iego, on the Mexican frontier, and James is attending college at Georgetown. i'Nssistant Attorney General Robert A. Howard, on duty in the I )epartment, is aUo a lawyer of exi)erience. He is a native of Philadelphia, and was ap- pointed district attorney of the territory of Nebraska by President Buchanan 1859. After serving in the Union army, on the close of the war he settled at Little Rock, Arkansas, as a lawyer, served in the Legislature 1870-1, and entered his jiresent duties in 1885. Edwin F.. Bryant, of Madison, Assistant Attorney General for llir (iener.-il 206 SOCTETT r?f WA^ilNGTON. Post Office, a Wisconsin lawyer of thirty years' practice, was of the firm of Vilas & Bryant, the Postmaster General being the other member. Mrs. Bryant was Louisa Boynton, daughter of Noah Boynton, one of the early pioneers, and a man of influence in northern Illinois. Her three interesting daughters, Elva, Mary, and Myrto, add to the charms of their lather's social surroundings. The officers of the Supreme Court of the United States are not only part of the court circle, but are prominent in the fashionable life of the capital. The clerk of the court, James H. McKenney, and his beautiful wife, who was Virginia D. Walker, of one of the oldest families in Prince George's county, Maryland, entertain handsomely in their circle of friends, in the finest part of the city. The court reporter, J. C. Bancroft Davis, Assistant Secretary of State, Diplomatic Minister, and Judge of the Court of Claims, and Mrs. Davis, one of the most entertaining of ladies, have long been known in society. Colonel John G. Nicolay, marshal of the court, a German by birth, but a citizen of Illinois, and well known as private secretary to President Lincoln and author of his life, became a widower in 1 886, His daughter Helen will enter society and preside over the household of her father. Next in the scale of official and social dignities are the civil chiefs of bureaus, who receive their appointments from the President of the United States, and are confirmed by the Senate, and who, with the ladies of their families, participate more or less prominently in the social life of the capital. Those taking precedence in this degree of the social scale are the chiefs of the quasi-independent bureaus : Norman J. Colman, of Missouri, Commissioner of Agriculture ; Thomas E. Benedict, of New York, Public Printer, and Spencer F. Baird, of Pennsylvania, Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries The next in line, by Executive appointment, are the chiefs of the adminis- trative bureaus of the Treasury Department: James W. Hyatt, of Connec'.i- cut. Treasurer of the United States; William L. Trenholm, of South Carolina, Comptroller of the Currency; Joseph S. Miller, West Virginia, Commissioner of Internal Revenue; James P. Kimball, of Pennsylvania, Director of the Mint; Frank IVL Thorn, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey; Dr. John B. Hamilton, Supervising Surgeon General; Milton J. Durham, of Kentucky, First, and Sigourney Butler, of Massachusetts, Second Comptrollers; John S. McCalmont, of Pennsylvania, Commissioner of Cus- toms; General William S. Rosecrans, of California, Register of the Treasury; J. G. Chenowith, of Texas, First; William A. Day, of Illinois, Second; John S. Williams, of Indiana, Third; Charles M. Shelley, of Alabama, Fourth; Anthony Eickhoff, of New York, Fifth, and Daniel McConnell, of Ohio, Sixth Auditors; M. E. Bell, of Iowa, Supervising Architect; Edward O. Graves, IN THE STATUTORY RANK OK OFFICIAL PRECEDENCE. 207 of New York, Chief of Bureau of Engraving and Printing; James A. Duniont, of New York, Supervising Inspector General; \V. F. Switzler, i>f Missouri, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, and S. T. Kimball, General Superintendent Life Saving Service. The chiefs of the great administrative bureaus of the Department of the Interior are William A. J. Sparks, of Illinois, Commissioner of the General Land Office; Benton J. Hall, of Iowa, Commissioner of Patents; General John C. Black, of Illinois, Commissioner of Pensions; J. D. C. Atkins, of Tennessee, Commissioner of Indian Aflfairs; Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, of Alabama, Commissioner of Education; General Joseph E. Johnston, of Vir- ginia, Commissioner of Railroads; Major John W. Powell, Director of the Geological Survey; Carroll D. Wright, of Massachusetts, Commissioner of Labor. These officials, with the ladies of their families, constitute an impor- tant circle in the sphere of official social life. The bureau chiefs of the Department of War are detailed officers of suit- able rank from the staff departments of the army. The chiefs of the great administrative bureaus of the Department of the Navy are officers of the navy, the chief having the relative rank of commodore. In both instances the offi- cers enjoy, with their ladies, the precedence of their military or naval rank. In the State and Post Office Departments the three assistants represent the bureau administration. The Civil Commissioners of the District of Columbia, William B. Webb, president, and Samuel E. Wheatley, of the District; the Chief Justice, Edward F. Bingham, of Ohio; Associate Justices Alexander B. Hagner, Waller S. Cox, Charles P. James, and William Merrick, of the District of Columbia, and Martin V. Montgomery, of Michigan, and Justice Arthur Mc.Vrthur, re- tired, with their ladies, represent the municipal government and judiciary in the social world of the capital. 2o8 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. CHAPTER XXVIII. The Washington Correspondents. Who they are — the ladies of their families — their place in so- ciety — the city press. fN the busy world of the capital, the Washington correspondent occupies a two fold place. Professionally upon the merits of his own individual- ity, integrity of character, sagacity and prudence in the use of his opportunities and information, he has the entree of all official circles, and more or less freedom of intercourse with public men of all degrees. Socially, with the ladies of his family, he occupies a position in fashionable or home life to suit his domestic surroundings, tastes, or inclinations. His personal relations, which are of his own creation, are often of the closest and most confidential character with officials from the highest to the lowest place in public station. The scope of his acquaintance with men of affairs is national. Those who have enjoyed greater length of service and experience, cover a period beyond the narrow span of the average longevity of a single generation of official life. Men of eminence and merit have come into prominence, have played their parts and have given place to others in the mutations of American politicsand public duty. The Washington correspondents alone remain as landmarks in the procession of men and events in national affairs and social life at the capital. President Cleveland was the first of the chief magistrates to recognize the Washington correspondents as a class in the list of invited guests to the state levees at the executive mansion. Previously their social recognition there was personal rather than professional. Individually in society they receive consid- eration without reference to the usual conventionalities of rank and surround- ings which govern the intercourse of persons of simple official and social station. Many of them enter more or less prominently into the official and unofficial social life of the capital, live handsomely, and give social entertainments. Taken in the chronological order of service at Washington, William B. Shaw, of the Boston Transcript, is "the Nestor" of the corps of Washing- ton correspondents. He started in life as a printer, at Towanda, Pennsylva- nia. With his brother he published a newspaper edited by David Wilmot, distinguished in the anti-slavery struggles in Congress as the author of the W^ilmot proviso. He came to Washington in 1S50 and began at the case in the Government printing office, and writing letters for Forney's Pennsylvanian. At the commencement of Pierce's administration he was engaged by James Gordon Bennett as Washington correspondent of the New York Herald, THE WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT?. 209 which position he held for ten years. During that time, 1852, he sent to the //c-rrt/i/ the first telegraphic news despatches ever sent from the capital. He enjoyed confidential relations with the statesmen of that period without regard to sections or politics. He has ever since been an active correspondent, having represented the Boston Transcript for twenty-six years. He is recognized as one of the most experienced and sagacious members of the profession. Mrs. Shaw, a native of Washington, mariied in 1858, has long been well known in a large circle in official and social life. She is the daughter of Ed- mund Burke, of Boston, an editor of high reputation in his day. H. V. Boynton, of the Cincinnati Commercial-Gazette, one of the widely known Washington correspondents, a native of Berkshire, Massachusetts, is a son of Rev. Charles C. Boynton, during the Speakership of Schuyler Colfax chaplain of the House of Representatives. After a military education in Kentucky, and serving in the college faculty, Mr. Boynton entered the ser- vice as major Thirty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, rising to Lieutenant Colonel in 1864. When mustered out he went into the field as correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette, and came to Washington in 1865 to take charge of that bureau. Mrs. Boynton was Helen .\ugusta Mason, daughter of T. B. Mason, of Cincinnati, and niece of Lowell Mason, the celebrated composer of church music. The author, who is a native of Pennsylvania, began journalism in i860, writing for newspapers from Harrisburg. In 1862 he was sent by the N^eiv York Herald \o the headquarters of General Grant, in West Tennessee, and accompanied that officer as correspondent in all his campaigns, terminating in the surrender of Vicksburg. In July, 1863, he was sent to Washington, but after a few weeks was again ordered into the field. He was on editorial duty in the winter of 1864-5, dividing his time between New York and Washing- ton, when he was sent as correspondent to Europe, Egypt, Suez canal, Afri- can coast, India, Ceylon, Australia, Van Dieman's Land, and New Zealand. In 1866 returning to Washington, he remained until the winter of 1868, when he was with General Sheridan in his winter campaign against the southern Indians. In 1869 he was again on foreign service, "writingup" SanDomingo, w ith a view to annexation, and visiting the isles of the Antillies. Returning to Washington in 1870, he was commissioned by President Grant to investigate the consulates of the United States Returning to Washington December, 1872, he has remained there since, representing at different times leading metropolitan journals east and west Mrs. Keim was Jennie A. Owen, daughter of CJalusha Owen, of Hartford, Connecticut, of Welsh extraction on her father's side, and on her mother's side descended from \\'illiam Dem- son, a settler of Roxbury, .Massachusetts, 1631, who returned ti> England, 2IO SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. was captain under the Protector Cromwell, at the battle of Naseby, where he was wounded, and returning to America, having married Lady Anne Borradell, who nursed him during his wounds, settled at Stonington, Connecticut, and became distinguished in colonial affairs. Mrs. Keim has two daughters enter- ing their teens, Elizabeth Randolph and Harriet Virginia Keim. James R. Young, of the Philadelphia Evening Star, who took his primary lessons in journalism under John W. Forney, came to Washington in 1866, as chief correspondent of the New York Tribune. In 1870 he was one of the founders of the Philadelphia Evening Star, which he has always repre- sented. He is also Chief Executive Clerk U. S. Senate. Mrs. Young was Mary Barclay, daughter of John M. Barclay, Journal Clerk of the House of Representatives, 1847-74, having been elected the year Abraham Lincoln en- tered that body, and author of Barclay's Parliamentary Digest. Littleton Quinton Washington, of the Ne-u Orleans Picayune, a son of Lund Washington, an early resident of Washington city, and an accountant in the U. S. Treasury, is a direct descendant of Lawrence Washington, brother of John Washington, the ancestor of General George Washington, Mr. Washington, while a clerk in the Treasury department, wrote voluntary con- tributions for the Washington Union, the Democratic organ. In 1855-7 he was deputy collector of customs at San Francisco. In 1858 he became cor- respondent of the Richmond Examiner, over the signature "Ariel." In 1860-1 he acted in concert with the southern leaders, and upon secession went South and entered the army. In 1867 he returned to Washington. His "Notes at the Capitol," for the National Intelligencer, were widely copied. He also continued his correspondence for the London Telegraph. He has represented the Picayune for many years. He has a large acquaintance with public men, and is well posted on the inside of political movements of nearly three decades. David Ritchie McKee, the agent of the Associated Press, a native of West Virginia, and a Californian by education, began active journalism in Washing- ton in 1867, as assistant on the Associated Press, and as correspondent of Pacific coast newspapers. He is a grandson of John McKee, founder of McKeesport, Pennsylvania. Mrs. McKee is a daughter of Judge Advocate General W. McKee Dunn, U. S. A. Her maternal grandfather was J. F. D. Lanier, the distinguished banker and financier of New York. Sidney Lanier, the poet, is a relative in the southern branch. Mr. and Mrs. McKee live elegantly, and take part in the fashionable life of the "West End." Frank A. Richardson, after a preliminary experience in Baltimore journal- ism, came to Washington about 1867, representing the Baltimore Associated Press, and later took charge of the Baltimore Sun bureau. William C. McBride, who served in the celebrated "Round-head" regi- THE WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENTS. 211 ment of Pennsylvania in the war, entered journalism in Chicago in 1868, came to Washington 1S69, as city editor on Forney's Chronicle, in 1874 he was on the Star, and in 1876 took charge of the Washington bureau of the Cincinnati Enquirer. Mrs. McBride was Ella Davidson, daughter of Daniel Davidson, one of the early families of Washington. Their daughter, Lillian, a grad- uate of the Washington high school, 1887, will soon enter society. Another daughter, Jessie, is in her teens. Jacob J. Noah, of the Chicago Hi raid, and Denver Tribune-Republican, is a native of New York, and son of Mordecai M. Noah, a Washington corre- spondent of 1829, and for nearly fifty years one of the most distinguished American journalists. He came to Washington in 1869 as representative of the iWrc York Democrat, and has since represented at different times some of the leading papers of the Union. Mrs. Noah was Eliza 13. Skillman, of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, grand-daughter of Alexander Sterling, alcalde of that place under Spanisli rule. Her mother, Anna Stirling, was at school in New Orleans when General Jackson fought the battle of New Orleans, January, 1815, three of her brothers being in that conflict. Herbert A. Preston, of the New York Herald, a native of Massachusetts, having learned the art of printing, in 1861 being in Cincinnati, joined the Second, loyal, Kentucky volunteers, of which he became quartermaster. In 1866, from service on the Cincinnati Enquirer, \\e cd^mc to Washington on the city press, and in 1870 became Washington correspondent of the Ntw York Herald. Mrs. Preston was Annie E. McNabb, of Baltimore, whose reputa- tion as a writer was well established in her newspaper letters over the sou- bri'DENTS. 213 A Edison, the famous electrician, in receiving Associated Press despatches at Cincinnati. He became a reporter on the Cincinnati Gazette, and in 1880 came to Washington, since representing influential journals East and West. Mrs. Guthridge was Anna Sterling, daughter of the late Dr. Sterling, an early physician of jironiinence at Washington. She is a lady of modest and engaging manners, and interested in social affairs. E. G. Bunnell, of the Xei.i< York Times, began newspaper life as a roller boy on a country paper, and reached the prominence of Albany correspondent in 1878, and Washington correspondent 1881. Mrs. Bunnell was Marie C. Fisli, daughter of Oscar Fish, of New London, Connecticut. George E. Gilliland, of the Cincinnati Enquirer, began service as a tele- graph operator in the home office. He organized the news bureau of local correspondence in Indiana during the labor strikes in 1877, and came to Washington in 1881. Mrs. Gilliland was Aileen Buskirk, daughter of A. W. Buskirk, of Portsmouth, Ohio. Charles F. Towle, of the Boston Traveller, who was transferred from Bos- ton to Washington journalism in 1881, is not only a bright writer, but a hu- morous conversationalist. Mrs. Towle is a very stylish and attractive lady from Boston. Fred. Perry Powers fjegan his career on the SpringHelJ {"Slass.) Republican, in 1872. After service in Boston, in 1S76 he went to Chicago. lie there had four years' experience on the reportorial corps, and two years on the editorial staff, when in 1882 he came to Washington to take charge of the Washington bureau of the Chicago Times. Mrs. Powers was Ella X. Bavis, daughter of Lucius B. Bavis, proprietor of the Newport {K. \.) Xe-u/<'_j,'-ra///, i879-'8o. After a visit to Eu- rope in i88i he settled in Chicago on the News, and in 1883 came to Wash- ington, in his present place. Charles S. Elliott, a native of Connecticut, who began life as a journalist on the Ncci) Haven Palladium, in 1879 was on the Parisian, of Paris, France, and in 1884 came to Washington as correspondent of the Commercial Adver- tiser, and other influential journals. Frank G. Carpenter, of the American Press Association, entered journalism a few years ago as correspondent of tlie Cleveland Leader, his letters over the signature of "Carp" attracting attention. Mrs. Carpenter, who is from Mansfield, Ohio, is a lady of fine intellect and extensive information. Charles W. Knapp, of the Missouri Republican, after a university course, read law, as a preparation for journalism, which he began in 1867. His father, John Knapp, is the largest stockholder in the Republican. Mr. Knapp, who also holds a large block of stock, passed several winters on duty in Washing- ton before taking charge of the bureau, in 1885. Mrs. Knapp is a daughter of R. C. Shackelford, of St. Louis, and grand-daughter of Robert Trimble, cf Kentucky, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1826-8. Richard Nixon, of the New Orleans Times Democrat, from an editorial writer in the home office, came to Washington to represent that paper in 1886. The marriage of Agnes Dolph, daughter of the senior Senator from Oregon, to Mr. Nixon, was one of the brilliant social events of the year. As Miss Dolph, she was one of the belles of the season. She received the highest education, and passed some months traveling in Europe. Some of the other members of the corps are A. W. Lyman, of the New York Sun, who after serving in the home office, was sent to Wash- ington; John S. Schriver, of the Baltimore American, who beginning as dramatic critic, has more recently displayed great activity in the ranks of the Washington specials; Charles ^L Pepper, of the Chicago Tribune; Walter B. Stevens, of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat; Richard Weightman, New York Star, an able editorial writer, grandson of Richard Weightman, mayor of Washington, 1824; Dr. Frank T. Howe, Pittsburg Commercial-Gazette, after a connection with the local press, became associated with the Board of Public Works as its secretary, until aljolished, when he returned to journal- ism, and H. W. Spofford, of the Fort Worth, (Texas,) Gazette, son of Ains- worth R. Spofford, Librarian of Congress, engaged in special work for news- papers, and magazines. Mrs. SpofiTord was Edith F. SafTord, daughter of Judge William H. Safford, a lawyer of Chillicothe, formerly a member of the THE WASHINGTOX CORRESPONDENTS. 215 Ohio Legislature, and author of tlie Blennerhasset papers. She has fine lit- erary talent. The city press of Washington has in its editorial management gentlemen who, with their ladies, fill an important place in the social life cf the ca])ital. Crosby S. Noyes, editor of the Evening Star, is a native of Maine, and came to Washington in 1851 as correspondent of New England newspapers. In 1853 he visited Europe, making a pedestrian tour of the continent, and writing letters for Boston and Portland newspapers, which attracted wide at- tention in the United States. In 1S55 ^*^ became assistant editor of the Wash- ington Evening Star. In 1867 he was one of a syndicate to purchase the pa- per, and became its editor. Mrs. Noyes was Elizabeth S. Williams, of Maine. She was married in 1856, and since has participated in the social life of Washington, through the transition periods of the administrations of Bu- chanan, Lincoln, and Grant, to the present time. Her accomplished daughter, Maud, is in society. .A younger daughter, Mila, is finishing her education. Her son Theodore W. Noyes, after several years' service, 1S77-80, as assist- ant to his father in the editorial management of the Star, resided in Dakotah for his health. In 1886 he resunned his editorial service. Mrs. Theodore Noyes was Mary Prentice, of Le Roy, New York, a very accomplished lady. Another son, Frank Brett Noyes, in 1877 entered the business office of the Star, and in 1886 was elected treasurer of the company. A younger son, Thomas, is a student at Princeton College. Ira N. Buriilt, of the Sunday J/eraM, a native of Pennsylvania, a v riter on the Montrose (F'a. ) Kepublican, at the outbreak of the war. after serving in the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania infantry as captain, in all the battles, from the second Bull Run to Gettysburg, and having Vjeen wounded at Gettysburg, the Wilderness, and before Petersburg, at the expiration of his term of service, in November, 1864, went to the front as correspondent, and wrote the account of the battle of Five Forks for the Cincinuaii Commenial. He continued as a correspondent till 1868, when he became proprietor of the Washington Sun- day Herald. Mrs. Burritt, who is very handsome, was Elizabeth Nicholson, daughter of Major Augustus Nicholson, and sister of the present Major Au- gustus Nicholson, marine corps, and grand-daughter of Daniel Carroll, of Duddington, former owner of the land which the capitol and south east Washington now occupy. Her mother was Sallie Carroll, well known in the early society of the capital. Their daugliter, Effie .\. Burritt, will enter socie- ty next year. S. H. Kauflman, president of the Evining Star Company, came to Wash- ington in 1861, with .Secretary Chase, and filled an important pl.ice in the Treasury Department until 1867, when he became one >if the purchasers of 2l6 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. the Evening Star. He is president of the Washington Art Club, trustee of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, and one of the managers of the Cosmos Club. Mrs. Kauffmann was Sarah Clark Fracker, of Zanesville, daughter of one of the early iron manufacturers of Ohio. Their daughter, Louise, has just com- pleted her education, and will soon enter society. Their elder son, Rudolph, is one of the active members of the reportorial staff of the Star. His wife was Jessie Kennedy, of Washington, daughter of a former sheriff of Chatau- qua county, New York. A younger son, Victor, is a student at Princeton. Stillson Ilutchins, of the Washington Post, is a politician as well as a jour- nalist. He came to W'ashington and founded the Post when the prospects of the Democracy returning to the front once more began to take shape in in- creasing strength and control in Congress. E. W. Fox, of the A-ational Republican, who came to Washington from Missouri, is an active partisan in support of the interests of the Rei:)ub]ican minority. He has an interesting family. Hallet Kilbourn, of the Evening Critic, has long been identified with Wash- ington interests. Mrs. Kilbourn and her two daughters are well known in Washington society. Thomas G. Morrow, of the Sunday Gazette^ a native of Ohio, is the son of an early Methodist preacher of Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. He enlisted, 1861, as a private in the Fifth Ohio Infantry under the first call for volunteers, serving four years. He was promoted to captain. In 1S61 he purchased the Gazette, Mrs. Morrow was Imogene Chisham, daughter of John Chisham, of Lexington, Kentucky. William F. Morrow, assists his father in the management of his journal. Edmund Hudson, who conducts the Sunday Capital, is one of the active Washington correspondents. UNOFFICIAL SOCIETY. 217 CHAPTER XXIX. Unofficial Society. Its INCREASING INFLUENCE AND IMPORTANCE— DRAVVINC, THE LINES — THK REPRESENTATIVE CHARACTER OF WASHINGTON FASHIONABLE LIFE — ITS PERSONNEL TO BE CONSIDERED. vAc I^'^IEf decade ago the official society of the capital was paramount. 1 J^A* The prestige of rank carried everytiiing before it in tlie social world. ^^^d Persons in public life, socially unknown or unrecognized at home, were courted and humored by a toadying floating population, drawn hither by the oppDrtunities afforded by official entertainments for a season of social dissipation. The most notable feature of the social life of the capital of more recent years has been the growth, influence, and importance of the unofficial element. The seat of government has become the winter residence of-men of culture, leisure, and means, with their families, from all parts of the country. The beautifying of the city gives it attractions unequaled by any city in the United States. Its places of public interest give it preeminence in its educational influences. Its social life possesses exceptional facinations on account of its diversity. The advantage of the private social life of Washington is the select and dis- tinguished character of its personnel Freed from the necessity of catering to jiolitical sentiments or notoriety, it can confine its guests to persons of congenial tastes and opinions. The prestige of rank has therefore very ma- terially diminished as a passport to polite recognition. Prominence in states- manship, learning, or the possession of some other claim to consideration, is of more importance. The eff'ect of this drawing in of the lines will be to cut off the voracious, of- ficious, and obtrusive social strikers, male and female, who have fa'tened on fashionable luncheons, and put on airs on the strength of the open houses of the officials. It will also relieve the refined and cultivated circles of private life in Washington from the scandals which have been retailed through the press about practices not common to well-ordered society elsewhere. In a future volume the personnel of the unofficial social life of the capital, with the cooperation of its distinguished menil)ers, will receive that full atten- tion which it deserves, and which would be impracticaljje here The repre- sentative character of Washington fashional)le life in all that is distingui>hcd, discreet, and cultivated will be seen, and the o[)inion hitherto exi)resse(l, that the social life of the capital is a reflex of the higher social life of tlie nation will be amply demonstrated. 2lS SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. CHAPTER XXX. Some Notable Social Events. State levees, official dining, social drawing-rooms, and luncheons AT THE executive MANSION — THE BANQUET TO THE QUEEN OF HAWAII — CABINET ENTERTAINMENTS — THE CHRISTENING OF DOROTHY PAYNE WHITNEY — SUPREME COURT — DIPLOMATIC BALLS — CONGRESSIONAL GAY- ETIES — ARMY AND NAVY GERMANS — CLUB RECEPTIONS — FASHIONABLE DI- VERSIONS. tROM the days of John Adams, the first chief magistrate to take posses- sion of the Executi\e Mansion, down to its present occupant, the President's Reception on New Year's day has inaugurated the gayeties of the fashionable season in official and social life at the national cipital. The New Year's Reception of 1887 was invested with increased interest, apart from its official and ceremonial significance, as it signalized the first appearance of Mrs. Cleveland as the head of the social regime of the Executive household. The state parlors, east room, and promenade corridor were profusely dec- orated with flowering, foliage and tropical plants ; the curtaiiis were drawn and the great crystal chandeliers diffused a sparkling light over the brilliant scene. At half past ten o'clock the ladies who composed the receiving parly joined Mrs. Cleveland in the library, on the second floor. A few minutes before eleven o'clock the Marine Band, in the vestibule, struck up " Hail to the Chief." Simultaneously the party descended by the private stairway, Col. John M. Wilson, U. S. Engineers, in full uniform, leading the way, fol- lowed by the President with Mrs. Manning, Mrs. Cleveland with the Secre- tary of State, Mrs. Endicott with the Secretary of the Treasury, and Mrs. Vilas with the Secretary of War. Entering the audience parlor from the main corridor, the President and Mrs. Cleveland took their places and received the New Year's congratulations of the members of the Cabinet, their wives and daughters. The receiving ladies, Mrs. Manning, Mrs. Endicott, and Mrs. Vilas, having taken their places on the right of Mrs. Cleveland, who stood next to the Pres- ident, the members of the Diplomatic Corps, in court dress, assembled in the red parlor, entered the audience parlor, the Secretary of Stite and the Dean of the Corps at their head, and extended the compliments of the season. Then followed in the order prescribed by the official programme the members of the Judiciary, Senators and Representatives, Commissioners of the District of Columbia, judicial officers of the District, ex-members of the Cabinet, ex- Diplomatic Ministers of the United States, the officers of the army and navy. SOAfE NOTABLE StJCIAL EVENTS. 219 officials, certain civic associations ami the public, until two, p. m. The presenta- lions to the President were made by Colonel J. M. Wilson, U. S. Engineers, and to Mrs. Cleveland by Lieutenant William P. Duval, Fourth artillery. The first drawing-room of the season was given by Mrs. Cleveland on Saturday, January 8, from three to five o'clock, assisted by Mrs. Manning, Mrs. Endicott, Mrs. Vilas, and Miss Mary Hastings, the President's niece. The eager throng of callers, was so great that it was very nearly six o'clock before the doors were closed, it being estimated that four thousand persons, mostly ladies, jiassed through the audience parlor. The presentations were made by Surgei)n Robert M. O'Reiley, U. S. A., and Lieutenant Duval. The life of Mrs. Clevelanil in the Executive Mansion during her first season presented a charming picture of the direction of her tastes and inclinations. Instead (jf being over-awed and repressed by the conventionalities of her ex- alted position, she followed within the range of the rigid code of etiquette of the President's household her youtliful womanly fondness for persons nearer her own age. This was happily illustrated in her first luncheon, given on Wednesday, January I2, at 1.30, p. m., in the family dining-room. The guests were: Misses Msry Manning, Mary C. Endicott, Nellie Vilas, and Jennie Lamar, the Cabinet young ladies; Miss C. E. Sears, a niece of Secre- tary Endicott ; Miss Nannie Waite, daughter of the Chief Justice of the United States; Miss Susanne Bancroft, grand-daughter of the historian; Miss Hattie Banks, daughter of Bleeker Banks, of Alljany ; Misses Loulie Eustis, a niece, and Marie Eustis, daughter of Louisana's Senior Senator ; Miss Mary Wil- son, daughter of the marshal .of the District of Columbia, and Miss Holly- day, of Miryland, her guest; Miss Green and her sister Isabelle Green, daughters of New Jersey's late Representative and new Governor; Miss Louisa Rucker, daughter of the retired Quartermaster General; Miss Lena Porter, daughter of the .\dmiral; Misses Mary Sherman, Mary Cameron, Mary Evarts, and Corinne Blackburn, daughters of Senators; Miss McCul- loch, daughter of an ex-Secretary of the Treasury; Miss Anne Randall, daughter of ex-Speaker Randall; Miss Mary Sears, of Binghamton, a school friend of Mrs. Cleveland; Miss Camille Bergmans, daughter of Mrs. Macal- ister Laughton; Miss Laura Randolph Tucker, daughter of Representative Tucker, of Virginia; Miss Hoyne, of Chicago, a guest of Miss Vilas; Miss Cora Churchill, sister of Mrs. Senator Miller; Miss Mary Hastings, niece of the I'rcMdcnt, and Miss Walker, of Virginia, a guest of Miss Vilas. The young ladies were in street costume. The next event in the roll of stale gayeties was the President's reception to the Diplomatic Corps, Thursday evening, January 13, from nine to eleven o'clock, assisted by Mrs. Cleveland, Mrs. Manning, and .Mrs. Vilas. The 220 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. presentations were made by Colonel Wilson and Lieutenant Duval. The occasion, in addition to the guests of the evening, brought together a large and brilliant assemblage of the higher officers of the Government, civil and military, and their ladies. The first state dinner of the season given by the President to the Cabinet and their ladies on Thursday, January 28, 7.30, p. m., also included Senator and Mrs. Sherman ; the Speaker and Mrs. Carlisle; the Lieutenant General and Mrs. Sheridan; Senator Beck, Governor and Mrs. Lee, of Virginia; Mr. and Mrs. John A. Andrew, Boston ; Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Fairchild; Mrs. Charles W. Goodyear, and Mrs. George J. Sicard, of Buffalo; ex-U. S. Sen- ator Henry G. Davis and Mrs. Davis, of West Virginia; Commodore and Mrs. Harmony, and Mrs. August Belmont. The table was beautifully decorated and the menu was elaborate and ex- cellent. The second drawing room lield by Mrs. Cleveland, Saturday, January 22, three to five, p. m., was another great gathering of the social life of the capital. She was assisted by Mrs. Vilas, of the Cabinet ladies, Mrs. Goodyear and Mrs. Sicard, of Buffalo, and Miss Manning. The presentations were made by Colonel Wilson and Lieutenant Duval. The President's reception to the Congress and the Judiciary, Thursday, January 27, from nine to eleven, p. m., was largely attended by a representa- tion of those arms of the Government and other invited guests. He was assisted by Mrs. Cleveland, Mrs. Manning, Mrs. Endicott, Mrs. Vilas, and Mrs. Lamar. The presentations were made by Colonel Wilson and Lieutenant Duval. At half past seven o'clock on the evening of Thursday, February 3, tlie Pres- ident and Mrs. Cleveland entered the great east room, where their distin- guished guests of honor, the Diplomatic Representatives of the various Gov- ernments of the globe, were assembled. Mrs. Cleveland was dressed in a pale tint of blue. The President led the way towards the state dining-room, with Senora Romero, wife of the Mexican Minister, and the procession ended with Mrs. Cleveland, escorted Ijy Mr. Preston, Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. The other guests were the remaining members of the Diplomatic Corps and ladies, thirty in number; the Secretary of State; George Bancroft; Mrs. Fol- som, Mrs Cleveland's mother; Mrs. Col. Lamont, wife of the Private Secre- tary; Mrs. Bleeker Banks, of Albany; Miss Natalie Sternberg, of Buffalo; Mrs. Virginia Kingsford, of Oswego, daughter of Thomas Kingsford, the great starch manufacturer; Mrs. Charles S. Fairchild and Mrs. Alfred C. Chapin, of New York. The table was beautifully decorated, the chief piece representing the hang- SOME NOTABLE SOCIAL EVENTS. 221 ing gardens of Semirimis. At eacli ladies' plate was a rich bouquet de corsage of alternating colors in roses and satin ribbons and gentlemen's boutonieres. Forty guests sat down. At her third drawing-mom, Saturday, February 5, from three to five, p. m., Mrs. Cleveland was assisted by Mrs, Senator Sherman, Mrs. Speaker Carlisle, Miss Natalie Sternberg, of BufTalo, an intimate friend from girlhood, and Miss Virginia Kingsford, of Oswego, Mrs. Cleveland's class and room mate at Wells College. The presentations were made by Col. Wilson and T.ieut. Huval. The dinner to the .Supreme Court, Thursday, February 17, at 7.30, p. m., closed the season of state dining. The guests were the Chief Justice of the United States and Associate Justices, and their ladies; Senators Edmunds and Mrs. Edmunds, McMillan and Mrs. McMillan, Evarts and Mrs Evarts, Vest and Mrs. Vest; Representative and Mrs. Collins, of Massachusetts; Mr and Mrs. John E. Devlin, and Mr. and Mrs. Frances Lynde Stetson, of New Vork; Miss Rose Elizabeth Cleveland, and ex-Mayor and Mrs. (Irace, of New ^'ork. The last drawing-room was held on Saturday, February 19, three to six o'clock. Mrs. Cleveland was assisted by Miss Cleveland, Mrs. Folsom, Miss Endicott, and Miss Lamar. The presentations were made by Colonel Wilson and Lieutenant Duval. The throng of callers exceeded all ])revious occasions, the numbers which hurried througli the audience room being estimated at five thousand. The formal social gayeties of the season were closed with an elegant luncheon by Mrs. Cleveland on Monday, February 21, at 1.30 o'clock. Her guests were Miss Rose Elizabeth Cleveland, the President's si.ster; Mrs. Folsom, Mrs. Cleveland's mother; Miss Walcott; Miss Van Vechten, of Al- bany; Mrs. Bigelow Lawrence, of " Aldie," Doylestown, Pa. ; Mrs. Ralph Cross Johnson; Miss Mildred Lee, of Virginia, daughter of the late General Robert E.Lee; Mrs. Frances Hudgson Burnett; Miss Farnsworth; Mrs. L. Macalester Laughton; Mrs. J. C. Bancroft Davis; Miss Frelinghuysen, daughter of the late Premier of the Arthur administration ; Mrs. Rufus W. I'eckham ; Mrs. Townsend, daughter of Representative Scott, of Erie; Mrs. Lieutenant General Sheridan; Mrs. J. Russell Selfridge; Mrs. Judge Nott ; Mrs. Leiter, of Chicago; Mrs. Speaker Carlisle; Mrs. Senators Sherman, Butler, Cockrell, Gray, (iorman, Kenna, Miller, Payne, Hearst, Eustis, Walthall, \'ance, and Sabin; Mrs. Senator elect Iliscock; Miss Foote, sister- in-law of Senator Hawley, and Miss Dawes; Mrs. Representatives McMillan^ Ranilall, Gates, Morrison, and Springer; Mrs. Col. John M. Wilson, Mrs. A. A. Wilson, Miss Proctor, Mrs. Rev. Byron .Sunderland, wife of the pastor 222 SOCIETY IX WASHINGTON. of the President's chutch; Mrs. Admiral Upshur, and Miss Ramsey, guest of Senator Sawyer. The visit of the Queen of Hawaii and suite to the American capital, May 3-7, was the occasion of suitable ceremonial etiquette and hospitality. Her Majesty was received at Baltimore by the Hawaiian Minister, Mr. Carter, and a deputation representing the Secretary of State by Mr. Sevellon A. Brown, the Secretary of War by Captain D. M. Taylor, U. S. A., and the Secretary of the Navy by Lieutenant Rogers, U. S N , and was escorted to the capital. On the following day, May 4, Her Majesty and suite made a call of ceremony upon the President. They were received at the entrance to the Executive Mansion by the Secretary of State and Assistant Secretary Adee, and were shown into the blue parlor where the President and Mrs. Cleveland, surrounded by Mrs. Francis Folsom Welch, Mrs. Cleveland's aunt; ex- Mayor Bleeker Banks, of Albany, and Private Secretary and Mrs. Lamont, awaited them. The Secretary of State presented the Queen and party to the President and Mrs. Cleveland. At two o'clock the same day Mrs. Cleveland, accompanied by the Cabinet ladies, Mrs. Fairchilds, Mrs. Endicott, Mrs. Vilas, Mrs. Whitney, and Mrs. Warren, of Boston, representing her father, the Secretary of State, and her sisters the Misses Nannie and Florence Bayard, attended by Col. John M. Wil- son, made the return call of ceremony. This was the first instance in the ceremonial etiquette of the Executive Mansion in which the wife represented the President in making a return call of ceremony upon a visiting member of a royal family. The same evening a diplomatic reception was held at the legation of Hawaii, Minister Carter, Mrs. Carter, and Miss Carter presiding. The next day was passed in visiting places of interest in and around the capital. The following day was spent in visiting Mount Vernon, on the United States steamer Dispatch, Commander Cowles commanding and Lieutenant Eldredge executive officer. As the party entered the navy yard a detachment of marines, under Captain Percival C. Pope, with the Marine band, gave them a passing salute. At the vessel's dock they were greeted by Captain Wallace and the officers of the yard, and a royal salute of twenty-one guns. As the steamer passed the United States steamer Galena, the yards were manned, and the band discoursed the national airs of the two countries from the quar- ter-deck, where the officers were assembled. At Mount Vernon the queen was escorted by Senator Sherman and the princess by Senator Evarts. A number of distinguished officials and their ladies and army and navy officers were among the guests of the occasion. SO.MK NOTABLE SOCIAL KVF.NTS. 223 At 715, p. m., May 6, the queen aiul suite arrived at the executive man- sion, as the guests of the President and Mrs. Cleveland, at a state banquet in honor of Her Majesty. After removing their wrappings, they were usliered into the east room, where the President and Mrs, Cleveland received ^ them. As the guests arrived, they were presented. At a quarter before eight the President and ller Majesty ltd the way to tlie dining-hall, the Marine Band playing the President's polonais. Tlie tables were elal)orately decorated with flowers, ilic center pieces on the plateau representing two floral ships, "Columbia," and " Hawaii," and the colors of the two countries in banks of flowers. The guests were Her Majesty, Queen Kapiolani, Her Royal Higliness Princess I.iliuokalani, Lieutenant General l)ominis, His Excellency Hon. C. P. laukea Col. J. H. Boyd, the Hiwaiian Minister, Mrs. Carter and Miss Carter, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury and Mrs. Fair- child, the Secretary of War and Mrs. Endicott, the Secretary of the Navy and Mrs. Whitney, the Postmaster General and Mrs. ^'ilas, Senator and Mrs. Sherman, the Chief Justice and Mrs. Waite, the Lieutenant General and Mrs. Sheridan, the Admiral and Miss Porter, the Haytien Minister Mr. Preston, Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, ex-Speaker and Mrs. Robert C. Winfhrop, of Massachusetts, Mr. George Bancroft and Miss Bancroft, Mrs. Ijncklaen, mother of Mrs. Fairchild, and Mrs. Macalester Laughton. Ti\e toilettes of the ladies were in excellent taste. Mrs. Cleveland wore her wedding dress of white satin, trimmed with ostrich tips. The Queen wore a flowing robe of cream-colorfd gros-grain silk, embroidered in vines, roses, dahli.is, and feathers of native birds in natural colors. The front of the dress was crossed by a broad royal scarf of scarlet. The Princess Royal, Liiiuokalani, wore a dress of black silk, with back and train of black velvet, and at the waist a sash of broad ribbon; Mrs. Carter, yellow satin, with flounces of oriental lace; Miss Carter, white embroidered mull, with sash of white moire ribbon ; Mrs. Vilas, dress of pale pink satin, with train, low bodice, and front panel of lace hung with amber droplets; Miss Porter, low bodice, front and side of dress of wliite satin, and full gathered back of tulle white, the front drajied with full drapery of gold gauze; Miss Endicott, yellow satin, with j)etlicoat of dotted tulle and edgings of maroon velvet; Mrs. Fair- child, toilet of white tulle, trimmed with white satin ril)bon and Venetian l.ace; Mrs. Lincklaen, mcurning black, with cap of white mull; Miss Susanne Ban- croft, trained dress of j)ink heliotrope moire, garnished with laces and gems ; Mrs. Winthrop, heavy toilet of black satin, train laid in heavy pleats, and front in cherry satin, cap of white net; Mrs. Waite, dress of nut-brown satin shawl of black lace, and cap of old point; Mrs. Sheridan, sea-shell jiiiik satin. 224 SOCIETY 1\ WASHINGTON. with insertions of ribbon and lace; Mrs. Laughton, satin in white and green stripes, with full train, low bodice and profusion of rare old lace; Mrs. Sherman, stone-colored silk, faced with pale pink silk, and garnished with jewels and lace; Mrs. Whitney, evening dress of pale pearl color, shot with gleams of gold and pink, and made with many graceful draperies. The royal party left Washington for Boston the next day. The Cabinet entertainments were principally the drawing-rooms of llie ladies of the Cabinet. Secretary and Mrs. Whitney filled the most prominent place in the gayeties of the Cabinet circle. Their receptions, dinner parties, and social occasions for charitable purposes or tlie enjoyment and diversion of their friends were among the events of the season. Secretary Endicott and Post- master General Vilas held evening receptions. The Secretary of State, being in mourning, and Secretary of tlie Treasury, on account of ill health, took no part in the social enjoyments. The historic cruciform edifice in the vicinity of the Executive Mansion, the Protestant Episcopal church of St. John, where for nearly three quarters of a century Presidents and premiers and notable men and women have united in the offices of religion, on the afternoon of April ii, 1887, was the scene of a distinguished assemblage in the highest walks of official and unofficial life, to witness the christening of Dorothy Payne Whitney, infant daughter of the Secretary of the Navy and Mrs. Whitney. The interior of the church in the vicinity of the altar was richly decorated with choice flowers. The ornaments were decked with lilies, pink and white tulips, and roses. The lectern had a cross of red tulips upon it, and the bap- tismal font was a mass of white annunciation lilies, surmounted by a white dove. As the arriving guests were being seated by Surgeon r>Ielancthon Ruth, U. S. Navy; Lieutenant M. Rucker Jenish, of tlie Uhlans of the Cierman army, attache of the German Legation; Seiior Don Francisco Gordon Du Bosc, third secretary of the Spanish Legation; Mr. M. V. R. Berry, and William C. Endicott, Jr., son of the Secretary of War, tlie organist, F. E. Camp, ren- dered an oratorio. The ceremonies began witli the entrance of the clioir of eiglit men and six- teen boys, under the direction of Mr. W. IL Daniel, jirecentor, singing a processional carol, and assisted by Miss Agnes Osgood. Rev. William A. Leonard, the rector, called for the candidate for baptism to be presented. Mrs. Whitney, carrying the child and attended by the Secretary of the Navy, who represented Colonel Oliver Payne, Mrs. Whitney's brother, who was in Europe, as godfather of the infant; Mrs. de Reuterskiold, wife of the Minister fioin Sweden and Norway, who stood as godmother; Miss Bayard, Miss En- SOME NOTABLK SOCIAL KVEXT?. 225 dicott, Mijs Vilas, ami Miss Lamar, the Cabinet }ounij ladles, who stood as sponsors; and Miss Pauline Whitney, sister of the infant, Ethel Robeson, Mollie Vilas, Klsie Anderson, daughter of Gen. N. L. Anderson, Louselle Bonaparte, May Ihuldlestone, the niece of Mrs. Folsom, and May Davis, daughter of Judge Jolia l)avis, acting as attendants, and wearing dresses ink silk, advanced to tlie altar. After t'ne service, tlie christening parly passed out of tlie chancel door and took carriages for the Secretary's residence. The church parly followed to the residence of the Secretary, where a recep- tion rtas held from half past five until seven o'clock. The rooms were hand- somely decorated with pink and white hydrangeas, azaleas, the white stalks of pride of the meadow, white hyacinths, and roses. In the ball room the presents were displayed, the principal one being a silver pap bowl, plate and spoon, gold lined, resting in a pink plush case with a white satin lining. The President and Mrs. Cleveland sent a present of a handsome silver platter, milk bowl and spoon. The platter and bowl were satin finished, in the centre of each of which was engraved "Dorothy." Forming a deep border around the edge was in raised figures all manner of qucint designs of children engaged in childish sports. In the dining-room, cake, strawberries, creams, ices, and chocolate were served and from a silver bowl, the old-time caudal, a drink composed of wine and wassail, raisins, oatmeal, was passed to the guests. Secretary and Mrs. Whitney were assisted in receiving their guests by Miss Maljel Waddell, Miss Susanne Bancroft, Miss Julia Stockton, Miss Mamie Heath, Miss Endicolt, Miss Lamar, Miss \'ilas. Miss Schley, Miss Sicard, Miss May McCullough, Miss .Stout, Miss Emily Wallach, Miss Odeneal, and Miss Phillips. On entering the dressing-room guests were presented with an egg-shaped box of bonbons, from flower-wreathed trays borne by the young misses who acted as attendants. Seven hundred invitations were issued and included the elite of fashionable life. The " Mondays " of the ladies of the Supreme Court constituted the princi- pal social entertainments of the court circle, .\mong tlie gueits of the Cliief Justice were, Mrs. Henry Waite, Mrs. Cheeseborough and Mrs. Tixucker, of New Vork. The Chief Justice and Justices filled out tlie round of fashionalilc enjoyments with receptions and dinners. The " legation ball " has been an event in the social seasons at the national capital ever since the inauguration of the first administration. The Brili^h Legation which occupies a commodious residence of its own in the most fash- ionable quarter of Washington, has been the scene of many of these brilhant fetes. The present minister. Sir Lionel Sackville West, made his entr^ diplo- matically and socially into the gay life of the Republican capital by giving five grand balls his first season. 226 SOCIETY IN' WASHrNGTON. The ball of January 4, 1887, was one of peculiar social interest, being in honor of the debut of Sir Lionel's youngest daughter Amalia. The descendant of the house of De la Warre, after which Pennsylvania's fluvial outlet to the sea received its name, in his simple elegant court dress, with his three charm- ing daughters, Victoria, the presiding lady of his household, Flora, and Amalia, received the distinguished guests in the salmon parlor or second drawing-room, opulent in taste and beauty, with hangings of fawn and pale bisque brocade. Miss West wore a ball dress of black tulle, the front dotted with jet pendants. The low corsage was of black satin, with a broad bertha and cap sleeves of jet, from which pendants fell upon the arms. Miss Flora West and her sister, Amalia, the dubutante, wore ball dresses of cream white satin, covered with tulle, the fronts dotted with pendants of crystal beads. The decolletfe corsages were of cream white satin, with trimmings of crystal beads bordering the neck and falling on the arm. The debutante carried flowers. The earlier part of the evening, from ten to midnight, the hour of supper, was devoted to etiquette and convers-ation among the older, and dancing among the younger guests. After the supper, which was lavish in appointments and menu, the formal dancing began with a cotillion led by Mr. Du Bosc, of the Spanish Legation, and Miss West; Mr. Janisch, of the German Legation, and Miss Flora West; Mr. Edwardes, secretary of the legation, and Miss Amelia West. There were five figures, the Japanese umbrella, the fan, the red and blue aprons, the gild battledoors and shuttlecocks, and the last, the plush monkeys and butterfly hairpins being used by the dancers. The guests numbered five hundred of the most distinguished latlies and gentlemen in the circles of oflicial, diplomatic, and fashionable life. The mem- bers of the diplomatic corps and their ladies were in full court dress, and pre- sented a brilliant gathering. Guests were also present from other cities. The toilettes of the ladies were very elegant. The Legation of the Mother of Empires in the East was a scene of Oriental splendor on the occasion of the annual ball given by the envoy of the Em- peror Kwang Su, on the night of January 25. The minister and his suite received the distinguished guests in the main parlor. The rigid court dress of dark blue satin and somber colors worn on official occasions was discarded, and the bright colors of light blue, royal yellow, ( the imperial colors,) delicate lilac, and other hues prescribed by the rules of the board of rites and cere- monies were worn. The minister also wore the peacock feather, the insignia of official nobility, and the precious stone or button of his rank in the imperial order of official precedence. The ceremonial gravity of manner was also observed, varied, however, by the American shake. In tliis department ol social etiquette it is customary for a Chinese official to clasp his own hands together cordially, shake them vigorously, bob his head, and incline his body courteously. In America, however, they do as Americans do, and give the grip with all the customary plebistic familiarity of an American sovereign. The invitations included the President and wife, represented by Colonel and Mrs. Lamont, it being contrary to all precedents from Washington down for the President of the United States to enter the house of a foreign minister; the Supreme Court, representeil by the Chief Justice and Associates and theii ladies; the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and Foreign Affairs of the House; Senators and Representatives who had called, and the personal friends of the minister whose acquaintance he desired to recognize. The menu of the evening was terrestrial in every sense of the word. The Celestial delicacies of bird's nest soup, shark's fins, releves of duck, entres ol pickled eggs and entremets of sweets, washed down by the vintages of the hills Shantung and Chihli and royal samshu, were discarded for the chefs d'oeuvres of the gastronomic art of the western world, the wines of the Rhim and the spirits of cognac and Monongahela. The Congressional gayeties of the season were mostly confined to the Draw ing- Rooms and fashionable "teas" of the ladies of the families of Senator! and Representatives. There were also evenirg receptions, which were largely attended, and contributed to the round of social enjoyments of the season. While the older officers of the field, line, and staff of the army, navy, anc marines may be said lo be pleasing reminiscences, recalling the romance anc heroism of a soldier's and sailors's career, the younger officers give apractica turn to their share in the gay life of the season by holding a series of enter tainments under the auspices of the " Army and Navy Assembly and Germai Club." The organization represented for the season by Rear Admiral J. II Upshur as president, and Brigadier General Roljert Macfeeley, vice president was under the direction of an executive committee, composed of Major G. J Lydecker, Lieutenant Colonel Stanhoije, E. Blunt, (treasurer,) Major W. E Tucker, Jr., and Lieutenant William P. Duvall, on the part of the army Major G. C. Goodloe of the marines, and Lieutenant S. C. Lemly, Engineer J A. Tobin, Lieutenant A. Marixand Lieutenant L. L. Reamey, (secretary,) oi the part of the navy. As the membership is limited to one hundred and twenty, and the genera invitations to an equal number, each member being allowed to name to thi committee for invitation his own lady and her chaperone, keeps the iireseno on each occasion down to a select assemblage of the very best society. Tin President, the members of the Cabinet, and Supreme Court of the Unile< 228 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. States, and the ladies of their families, are the regular guests of the germans through the entire season. Some of these high digni aries are present on each occasion. President Arthur was particularly foi.d of attending. The germans were given once a month during the season, from New Year's to Lent. The gayeties of the evening began with an assembly, with the ordinary round and square dances. The germans began after supper, at 12.30, and closed at 2 o'clock, a. m. There were seventy-five couples in each german. The first german of the season was led by Dr. C. W. Deane, U. S. N., with Miss Lyons; the second by Lieutenant John D. Barrette, U. S. A., without a partner; third by Lieutenant L. L. Reamey, U. S. N., with his wife, and the fourth by Lieutenant H. R. Lemly, U. S. A., with Mrs. Lieutenant Col- onel Blunt. The reception given by the members of the Metropolitan Club, on the even- ing of April 12, to the ladies in official and unofficial society, was one of the most brilliant and enjoyable affairs of the season. It afforded an opportunity lo the gentlemen largely in army, navy, and marine circles, and bachelor members of the club in polite society, to reciprocate social attentions which they had received. It also gave the ladies an opportunity to form some idea of the inside of a well managed club house. The entire building was thrown open to the great throng of guests. The entrance was through halls draped with the national colors, which led to the ample cloak and dressing-rooms. Ascending to the first floor, the guests en- tered the west parlor, where they were received by Admiral Rogers and Mrs. General Sheridan. Mrs. Sheridan wore peachblow satin, the front of the skirt draped with fine white lace; the train composedof white illusion, striped with bands of pink satin ribbons ; corsage cut low, with short sleeves; neck- lace of gold, with diamond pendant; pink ostrich tips in the hair, and carried a bouquet of white and pink roses. The United States Marine Band, under Director Sousa, rendered an excellent selection of nine pieces for the promen- ade. Dancing began about eleven o'clock, for which there were two orches- tras provided. There was a programme of twenty-four dances. Supper was served at midnight. The ladies were in grand toilette, officers in full uniform, and civiHans in full dress. The costumes of tlie ladies were particularly rich in material, and fashioned in the highest style of the modiste's art. The guests, numbering over five hundred, represented every department of the Government, and the most prominent society ladies and gentlemen. The "house-warming" of the new Jefferson club, on the evening of Febru- ary 22, was the occasion of a large and distinguished gathering of gentlemen SOME NOTABLE SOCIAL EVENTS. 229 from official, mercantile, and professional life, of the National capital. The spacious buildini^, wliich had heconie historic as the home of the Court of Al- abama Clairts, had been rec(jnstructed for club purposes. The guests began to arrive shortly after nine o'clock, and from that hour until midnight, the club-house was crowded with a gathering of representa- tive men. Mr. Stillson Hutchins, the president of the club, received the guests. With him was the board of governors. Messrs. M. F. Morris, Enoch Totten, W, C. Mclntire, Ilallet Kilbourn, A. A. Wilson, A. T. Britten, F. A. Richardson, George B. Williams, Lawrence Gardner, Eppa Hunton, E. B. Youmans, and John G. Moore. As the evening advanced, a supper was servetl in one of the upper vestibules. The remodeled historic mansion in which Dolly P. Madison, the widow of the fourth President of the United States, held court for many years after the demise of her husl)and, in 1836, on the evening of January 5, was the scene of a large and brilliant assemblage of statesmen, diplomats, warriors, scien- tists, literateurs, artists, politicians, and f ishionables and their ladies, on the occasion of the "house warming" of The Cosmos Club. The guests were introduced by Col. Archibald Hopkins to Dr. J. S. Billings, who presented them to the reception committee, consisting of Mrs. Billings, Mrs. J. W. Powell, and Mrs. Garrick Mallery. Mrs. Billings, was attired in a rich black velvet costume, with diamond ornaments. Mrs. Powell wore white embroid- ered china crepe, and ornaments of turquoise and diamonds. Mrs. Mallery's dress was a wine colored velvet, trimmed with duchess lace, and wore a neck- lace of diamonds and diamond earrings. All the ladies were in evening dress. An orchestra discoursed the latest musical gems. The refreshment tables were spread conveniently to the reception room and the salons, and during the evening there was dancing. Among the fashionable afternoon diversions of the genial days of the open- ing spring, were the "Paper Hunts," which afforded equestrians and eques- triennes an opportunity to compete in horsemanship. On one of the la t days of April Miss Alice Maury, Mr. Goode, and Mr. Robert Wallach, took ten minutes' start to lay a trail, and Mr. Alexander Greger, of the Russian legation, as master of the hounds, followed with his riders. The finish was arranged for in one of Secretary Whitney's fine fields. The carriages, the drosky, the drag, the carts and village wagonettes were drawn up in a line, and two hurdles of cedar twined into fences, the judge's table, and a finishing post completed the outfit. The field nearer the club was flagged and a bugler blew a blast that brought the hunters in. The first prize man was Mr. de Jenisch, of the (jerman legation, a very fine cross-country rider. Mr. Fran- cisco Becarra, of the Colombian legation, Mi>s Heath, Mr. Adn, Mrs. 230 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Violet Helyar, Mr, Dana, Miss Alice Morgan, Mrs. Carrie Wright, Miss May McCulloch, received prizes. Also Mrs. Lehmann, Miss Cameron, Mrs. Dr. Dickson, Mr. Lehmann, Dr. Dickson, Secretary Whitney, Secretary Fair- child, Mr. Gresham, Mr. Niedgood, Mr. Emmons, Mr. A. B. Legare, Mr. Legare, Colonel Ludlow, Mr. Adams, Mr. Chilton, Mr. Ford, Mr. Leiter, Mr. Horace Washington, Mr. Dulaney, Mr. Neville, Mr. Whiting, Mr. Noble, Mr. Radford, Mr. Hunt, Mr. Hyde, Mr. Roosevelt, Mr. Snyder, Mr. duBosc, Major Powell, Mr. Todd, Mr. Tillinghast, and Mr. Wallace. Gen- eral N. L. Anderson and Mr. George Hellen were the judges. Mrs. Whitney was "at home" at "Grasslands." Tea and cakes were laid in the dining-room. In front of the house, upon the lawn, were spread tables, with egg and tongue sandwiches and wines. The riding was excellent, none of the horses refusing to take the leaps. The horsemanship was so fine as to bring out demonstrations of great enthu- siasm, Mrs, Cleveland, who was present, enjoyed the sport. A notable event of the race was the loss of the ladies' prize by the Brifish legation. Miss Heath "took the cup" for the first time from Mrs. Helyar, The broken record was much deplored by the Britons, as it was her last ride. THE KIRMES. 23I CHAPTKR X\X[. Thk Kirmes. The elite uf fashionahle lifk at the capital witness the dance of nations — three hundred dancers in custume — a (.orgeous spec- TACLE. JTJC' ERMESSE, kctk (dutch) churcli, messe, (French,) mass, originally ap- V r\ plied to a church festival, or out-door fete in Belgium, northern France, (!L.^ and Holland. The priests or pastors had charge, and while contrib- uting to the enjoyment of their flocks, realized a revenue for the church. In the United States it has the combined features of an indoor festival and fair. The great social event of the season was the three nigh's, January 24-26 of the Kirmes, given at the National Theater, under the auspices of the ladies of the National Homeopathic Hospital, and for its benefit. For weeks, upwards of three hundred young ladies and gentlemen were under the instruction of Professor Carl Marwig, of New York, in anticipation of the event. The stage having been extended over the main floor of the auditorium, the spectators occupied the private boxes, orchcs ra circle, balconies, and galleries. In the audience were all the liigher officers of State, the President and members of his household, members of the Cabinet, and tlie Diplomatic corps. Sena- tors, the Supreme Court, Representatives, officers of the army, navy, and marine corps, officials, and others in social life with their ladies. The gentle- men in full dress, and the ladies in grand toilette, presented a brilliant scene. The first blasts of the Third Artillery Band was the signal that the enter- tainment of the evening was about to begin. As the curtain lifted it revealed to view an ampitheater in which were arranged in grand tableau, the three hundred dancers appropriately grouped. The brilliancy of the scene called forth raptures of applause. In a moment the dancers moved out with milita- ry precision, and striking effect, m a grand march. The dancers having re- seated themselves from the group, twenty-four Holland peasants marched down llie stage abreast, and breaking into the figure of the HoUantlaise dance Itegaii the p.-ogramme. The toilettes of two of the leading young ladies consisted if white cassi- mere skirts, trimmed with black velvet bands at the foot, and cut eleven inches from the ground. The black velvet bodices were cut low and square in front, and liigh in the back, with white muslin kerchiefs gathered closely about the throat. The sleeves were cut short, displaying white lace sleeves beneath, worn long and fastened about the wrists with gold bands. The head-dress consisted of a jaunty white plush and gold cap. Black stockings and black 232 SOCIETY IN' WASHINGTON. dancing slippers with high lieels, and .arge silver buckles completed the toilet. The sleeves of the two young ladies who took tlie gentlemen's i)art in tlie lead, wei e cut open and laced loosely 6ver the lace sleeves beneath. They wore black and gold lace caps. The skirts of the dancers, instead of being plain white, were yellow, red, pink, and blue, the colors being alternated as much as possible. The dancers were Bertha D. Lincoln, Mrs. Dr. II. ^I. Schooley, Misses Lilian Cook, Eloise Williams, Ray Elliott, Ilarrie Gray, Sallie Barber, Viola Kingsley, Sallie Newton, Nellie Merrick, and F.dith Cross, Mrs. Addison Getchell, Misses Lilian Jones, Lena Stearns, Alice Nokes, Bertie Adams, Bessie Johnson, Rena Maloney, Mary Springer, and Annie Peachy, Mrs. H. A. Sykes, Mrs. T. B. Corbel, Mrs. J. Rowland, Mrs, E. F. Kimball. Atthecloseofthe HoIIandaise dance. Miss Lincoln, on behalf of the dancers, presented Prof. Marwig with a handsome scarf pin, as a token of their appre- ciation of his services as their instructor. This faithful reproduction of the National figure and step of the inhabitants cf llie low countries, was under the pitronage of Mrs. John G. Carlisle, wife of t'.e Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mrs. Frances Colton, Mrs. Dr. Stearns, Mrs. Isaac H. Maynard, wife of the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Mrs. John J. Edson, Mrs. R. C. Getchell, Mrs. General William Birney, Mrs. Barton G. Jones, Mrs. Gurdon H. Wilcox, one of the most ac- tive members of the executive committee, and Mrs. J. M. Flint, wife of Dr. Flint, U. S. N. Thirty-two Neapolitan dancers next appeared. The peasant girls wore cream-colored skirts of cassimere, or nun's veiling, striped in satin, with the Roman colors — blue, yellow, black, pink, rnd Nile green. Bloure waists with puffed sleeves, caught up with bands of vari-co'.ored ribbon, and broad crimson satin sailor collars. A broad crimson satin sash, loosely knotted, en- circled the waist. The turban was made of crimson silk handkerchiefs. The flesh-colored hose were crossed and re-crossed with narrow silk ribbons of the prevalent Roman colors. Fishing nets were thrown over the right shoulder and brought back under the left arm. The tambourines were de- corated with the broad red cross of Naples and Roman ribbons. The peasant boys wore dark trousers rolled up above the knees, displaying light colored lining; blue and white flannel shirts of various patterns: tur- bans, flesh-colored stockings, and dancing pumps, and carried tambourines and fishing ret;. The ladies were Miss Kitty Martin, May E. Freeman, Blanche Mattingly, Florence P. Oliver, Leila Stacey, 'Henrietta .Seawell, Lizzie II. Fletcher, Clara Stewart, Effie Bennett, Minnie Williamson, Anna C. Ilavenner, Stella Cason, Anita Ilendrie, Georgie Williams, Marie Verger, and Mrs. H. L. Berlin. THE KIRMES. 233 The gentlemen were G. Frank Erdman, Lewis M. Heron, Henry S. Sei- dell, William Quinby, S. Edgar Darhy, William C. Lewis, Ralph B. Schwick- anli, Harry L. Dunwoody, William E. Ilorton, Harry Parsons, James T. Gibbs, Edward Williams, W. Frank Clark, Gales Moore, jr., Edward C. Robin- son, and John N. Oliver, Jr. The lady patrons of this dance were Mrs. Representative R. S. Stevens, of New York, Mrs. ex-Commissioner W. W. Dudley, of Indiana, Mrs. F. C. Stevens, and Mrs. Representative E. John Ellis, of Louisiana. From the gay colors and flaunting ribbons of the Neapolitans, the scene changed to the many colors of the forty-six members of the Flower dance. The costumes were in imitation of the flowers they were intended to repre- sent. The young ladies who formed a beautiful bouquet of roses, wore pink tarletan skirts, with green satin trimmings, and bodices to match, and carried bunches of pink roses in their hands, and wreathes of roses on their heads. The " roses " were : Maud Youngs, Bertha Bartlett, May Compton, Lot- tie Cotton, Zulime ^^■hitney, Daisy Williams, Eliza Peachy, Fannie Mahon. Eight blushing "poppies" wore red tarletan skirts, with green satin bod- ices, and carried poppies in their hands, and wreathes of the same flower on their heads. The "pojipics" were: Florence Mortimor, Louise Collins, Ethel GrafTan, Gertrude Harvey, Lillie Washburne, Mable Towner, Flora Lewis, Lillie Sherman. Eight young ladies impersonating violets, were attired in purple tarletan skirts, with satin bodices of the same color. They carried that flower and garlands were entwined around their heads. The " violets " were : Marion Worthington, Luree Dyer, Mamie Gillam, Bertie Wallace, Bessie Smith, Jennie Peachy, Mary Wolf, Sadie Wallace. There were eight daisies who wore yellow tarletan dresses with petals repre- sented by long points of white do>vn the sides, and green satin bodices. The "daisies" were Eua Rogers, Mattie Gibson, Bertha Gibson, Emily Sher- wood, Minnie Hutchinson, Irene Cowman, Pearl Houston, Jennie Tyrer. In and out among the flowers flitted a number of bees — little girls dressed in yellow satin skirts, black tarletan over-dresses, doited with gilt and silver spangles, black satin waists and puffed sleeves, with tiny rows of yellow rib- bon around them. Wings of black spangled gauze were fastened to their shoulders, while their black hose were crossed with narrow yellow ribbons. The "bees" Mere Lizzie Carver, Irma Ruess, Mamie Erdman, Mazie Burn- ham, Lizzie Widdecombe, Daisy Sykes, Hnttie Borland, Maud Gorham, Ber- tha Prentiss, Louise Powell, Louise Widdecombe, Nellie Tally, Gertie Brillain. This dance was under the auspices of Mrs. General H. G Gilison, wife of the commander of the garrison of Washington, Mrs. Colonel Robert G. Ruth- erford, Mrs. Dr. P. F. Harvey, U. S. N., Mrs. General Joseph G. Bartlett, 234 SOCIETY IN WASHINGTON. Mrs. Captain George B. Haycock, U. S. marines, Mrs. Lieutenant J. D. C. Hoskins, Mrs. Sedgwick Pratt, Mrs. Lieutenant Constantine Chase, and Mrs. R, W. Tyler. The twenty-four Spanish dancers next moved upon tlie stage with castanets and tambourines, and in gay attire and graceful evolutions. The leader of the dance, Miss Rosalie Lloyd Bradford, wore a skirt of light blue plush, handpainted in gold and flowers; zouave jacket in black velvet, embroidered, pink, blue, gold, and amber beads ; diamonds, amethyst and gold necklace; black satin slippers; black gauze fan, in gold and colors; Spanish lace man- tilla and dress draped with lace. The costumes conformed to the general features of the leaders, differing only in variety of colors. The other dancers were Misses Emma Washburn, Sophie Verdi, Miss Richards, Jeanie Van Zandt, Daisy Shankland, Jessie Owen, Bessie Volk, Flora Eaby, of Lancaster, Pa., Dora Stearns, Eva A. Houston, Elsie Hughes, Minnie Clinton, May Wilson, Miss Sullivan, Minnie Chichester, Helen P. Hill, Elma Gaines, Mis3 Clinton, Edith Blair, and Natalie Jordan, Mrs. Lieutenant Gilmore, and Misses Mary Van Zandt and Kate Riggs. The ladies in charge of this dance were Mrs. Thomas Riggs, Mrs. J. J. Washburn, Mrs. E. B. Youmans, Mrs. Representative Markham, Mrs. Fred A. Starring, Mrs. Senator Sabin, Mrs. E. H. Congor, of Iowa, Mrs. R. J. Sauzade and Mrs. Representative Seymour, of Connecticut. The minuet, the stately court dance of the French Empire of the last cen- tury, was rich in costume and admirable in execution. Its jjreparation was under the patronage of Mrs. Senator Dolph, of Oregon, Mrs. Edward Hal- liday, and Mrs. S. D. Pinson. The toilettes of the ladies, who numbered twelve, were designed after the representations of the court dresses of the days of the Louis, some of them being historic. Miss Waite, the daughter of the Chief Justice cf the United States, who led the minuet, wore a costume of white satin, with pink front, em- broidered in bright colors, princess train. Miss Louisiana Durant woreapink, quilted satin petticoat and Watteau trained overdress of white satin, brocaded with pink flowers and trimmed with point lace; ornaments, medallions. This dress and medaUions were worn by Miss Durjint's great-great-grandmother at the Danish court. Miss Sarah Jewett wore a white satin petticoat, embroid- ered in gold, pale green satin trr.in and bodice of the same color; diamond ornaments were worn in the hair and about the throat. Miss Nannie Kelly, daughter of ex-Senator Kelly, of Oregon, wore a primrose silk court train and satin petticoat of the same shade elaborately embroidered in gold and trimmed with gold-spangled gauze, high powdered hair, decorated with prim- rose plumes, pearl ornaments, with an antique amethyst medallion, a family THE KIRMF.S. 235 heir-loom. Miss Grace Stevens, of New York, liad on a magnificent costume of white silk, train, with petticoat covered with flounces of rare French lace, which has been in her family for 250 years. The wliole costume was modeled after the French court style. Hair and corsage were dressed with pink feath- ers, diamond ornaments. Miss Evangeline Munson's costume was of the Louis XIV period, with pink quilted satin petticoat and Nile green Watteau train ; hair dressed high in puffs, powderel and ornamented with a pink aig- rette of feathers ; pink feather fan, diamond ornaments. Miss Isabtd Taylor wore a white silk flowered petticoat, with Marie Louise blue court train and corsage, cut square and trimmed with duchess lace ; ornaments, pearls, and diamonds. Miss Ines Springer had on a cream faille Franfaise court train, with pink brocaded front ; hair dressed a la Pompadour, pink aigrettes ; pearl ornaments. Miss Lawton wore a pink silk robe, brocaded in white roses, the dress, excepting some slight alterations, was worn by her mother, daughter of Horatio King, when invited by President Buchanan and Miss Lane to meet the Prince of Wales; jewelry, strung pearls. Miss Stella Evans, of Tennes- see, was costumed in a sixteenth century light blue plush dress, with court train and diamond ornaments. The costumes of the gentlemen were h\ keeping with the elegant court toil- ets of the ladies, partaking of the Livish style of the courtiers of the royal salons of Versailles and the Tuilleries. William Acklen, of Tennessee, who was Miss Waite's partner, wore a cherry-colored satin costume, trimmed with , old gold satin, the vest embroidered in violet, gold, and red, with knee * breeches, and ilesh colored stockings, red heeled pumps, and diamond buckles, hair powdered. The costumes of the remaining gentlemen were of the same general style, but differed in color, so as to give variety. The other gentlemen were Richard C. Poultney, of Baltimore, in gray silver brocaded court costume. Edgar F. Hubbell, a canary coat, with gold lace, blue vest. Dr. F. Pierre Hoover, blue satin coat. George E. Earlie, black satin coat, and knee-breeches, with crimson vest, embroidered in gold, white wig. Fred. F. Church, in blue satm coat. S. C. Elliott, black velvet coat, with silver lacings, old gold satin vest. William Haywood, coat of gendarme blue satin, embroidered with gold. Frederick D. Owen, coat of old gold satin, with embroideries of light blue, and ruffles of old lace, knee-breeches of the same color, waistcoat of light blue satin, heavily embroidere.l with gold lace. George Frank Erdman, while silk plush suit, embroidered in gold buttons, ■ vest of pink corded silk, trimmed with gold, and pink silk hose, low cut shoes with diamond buckles. Charles S. Wilson, gendarme blue satin, with silver, old gold waistcoat and trousers, and white silk stockings. The thirty-two fair maidens of Normandy, were dressed in pink, and blue satin skirts, the former trimmed with blue, and the latter with red ribbons. 236 SOCIKTY IX WASHINGTON. The black bodices were poinled in the front and back, willi wliite muUc ker- cliiefs and sleeves, and overskirt of elaborately flowered material cut in the old Dolly ^'arden style, and dainty white lace apron. The head ilress consisted of the high cap of the Norman peasants, decorated with bright blue or red rib- bons. Their feet were clad in blick slippers, with high pink heels. The "j plain gold crosses common among the peasant classes of Catholic countries, were worn suspenc" ed from the throat by velvet bands. The evolutions of this spirited dance were well executed by Misses Katie Jones, Clara Knight, Louise Grosvenor, Virginia Sherwood, Mary Ilalstead, Laura Zeh, Villa Custis, Alma Solomons, Lyle Williams, Mattie Dowd, Nel- lie Manly, Edith Read, Gertrude Ried, Lulu Robison, Flora Gibson, Belle Gibson, Lillie Mahon, Clara Gaylord, Sallie Newton, Rowena Hutchison, Katie Howe, Florence Crogan, Maud Schmidberger, Jennie Dangerfield, Tillie Koehler, Ida Thomason, Laura Detweiler, Stella Merrett, Marion Lockwood, Maud Boyton, Jennie Gibson and Miss Fletcher. The lady patrons of this beautiful dance were Mrs. Senator Warner Miller, Mrs. Lewis Clephane, one of tlie most energetic projectors of the whule en- tertainment, Mrs. W. \V. Upton, Mrs. I. ]\L Bittenger, Mrs. Charles H. Al- len, Mrs. R. J. Fisher, jr. and Mrs. J. H. McGill. The realistic features of the dances culminated in the Indian dance, which was the largest in numbers, having fifty members. Most of the costumes were historical, having been the dress and trappings of noted chiefs and gen- uine warriors. The dance was in two figures. The braves led off in a jog- ging trot. Then followed the war danci with whooping and brandishing of tomahawks, and culminating in tableaus, introducing gleaming knives and uplifted battle clubs over prostrate foes. The squaws advancing, joined in the dance, singing a weird song. The second figure represented a series of picturesque maneuvers, culmin- ating in groupings and tableaus of savage life, and closed with a war dance. The costumes of the squaws exhibited the contrasts of somber and brightest colors. The petticoats were black, with a band of bright crimson at the foot. The blankets were swung over the right shoulder and dropped under the left arm, displaying the sleeveless high necked white blouses. The sashes were knotted loosely at the right side, and were edged with wampum shells and other Indi-n ornaments. The hair was brushed back. Black stockings and beaded moccasins were also worn. The costumes of the braves were perfect in all the gorgeousness of the ^ wardrobe of a savage. The leader, Herman II. Birney, wore a buckskin coat, with fringed borders and sleeves, an elaborately beaded and studded belt over a short skirt of frilled buckskin, and leggins of dressed hide, bordered with fringe and metal ■J UK KIKMF.S. 237 cones. The lei;gins were adorned witli scaips and lielis. His liead dress was l)eaded w ilh long Indian hair, surmounted with tall feathers and a liawk- tail crest, whicli was continued down the back, '1 he other costumes of tlie braves were equally elaborate and aggregately ,. presented a finer array of genuine Indian apparel, ornaments, irajjpings, and im- plements, than lias ever been witnessed on any similar occasion in this country. The fifty-two dancers were Misses Mary Barnard, Carrie Borland, Grace Black, Stella Cotton, Virginia Cartwright, Carrie Cotterill, Saidee Drown, Elsie McElroy, Addle Gensler, Agnes Hutton, Mary King, Virginia Keech, Lulu Minear, May Syplier, Kitty Tliompson, Fanny Wilson, May Wilson, Alice Willoughby, Ellen Barry, Frances Woods, Carrie Ch.ambers, Louise Massey, La Burtte Shepherd, Ethel Groffin, and Flora and Frank Smalley. The braves were Herman H. Birney, Charles Brayman, Dr. E. R. Rush, E. R. Todd, John D. Black, H. C. Merrill, Ralph R. Upton, Zuni dress, Dr. Charks R. Collins, D. C. Harrison, dress taken from an Indian killed at the Custer massacer, Howard Cook, Newton Collamer, costume worn by Red Cloud, Charles E. Cook, Clarence Dutton, Navajo costume, William M. El- liott, William B. Hardy, represented Black Hawk, C. G. Van Hook, dress of a Sioux warrior, R. C. McKinney, costume of a famous Ute chief, Francis M. Phillips, T. W. Birney, a Seminole chiefs head-dress, Jay H. Sypher, Harry Smith, Richard Towson, dress from the Cusier battle-field, Herbert S. Town, head-dress from the tail of one of Custer's horses, and feathers worn by a Siouz chief, A. J. Smith, H. D. Wilson, whose head-dress was dug from '♦the grave of a medicine man of the Sioux, consisting of twelve horns of the Rocky mountain goat. The braves carried tomahawks, some of which had seen service, and all were elaborately decorated. The ladies to whom was due the success of this intricate and elaborate dance, were Mrs. J. C. Black, wife of the Commissioner of Pensions, Mrs. Russell Lord, Mrs. J. H. Oberly, and Mrs. Jules Guthridge. The Swedish dancers next moved upon the platform wearing blue skirts, crossed or striped with bright orange ribbons and trimmed with a garnet band at the foot. Low necked bodices cut pointed in front and back, with short sleeves, were worn over lace waists siieered at the neck with short puffed sleeves. From the right shoulder streamed long ribbons of the national colors, orange, blue, and red. The high peasant caps were of black velvet, ornamented with a red band, with the hair hanging in two plaits from be- , neath them. Ordinary slippers were worn with black stockings; short wands, with many streamers of the national colors and tliree large sleigh bells at- tached to them, were borne in the hand andsliaken in harmony with the music and dance. The leaders wore dainty red pockets on their skirts ani green velvel, heavily embroid- ered in gold, with red trimming, sash of red .silk, and stockings of red, with green gold and black ribbons ; green hat, ornamented with corns andbrdliants. Theconumesof the other gentlemen conformed to this general style. The dancers were Edward W. Doan, W. H. Welsh, jr., George P. Money, Charles Lavender, John M. Thompson, of South Carolina, Richard II. Gorgas, of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, JohnC. Tugh, of Alabama, Keith Forest, Z. M. Knott, T \V Coleman, Joseph II. Welsh, J. M. Gary, of Alabama, McConnell Shelley A. W. Martin, Frank E.Clements, H. R. Lamb, and Malcom Henry. This dance was under the supervision of Mrs. A. W. Cochran, daughter of Senator Pu-h, Mrs. Postmaster General Vilas, Mrs. John H. Whi.e, Mrs. Representative Butterworlh, of Ohio, Mrs. Senator Pugh, of Alabama, Mrs. Representative Martin, cf Alabama, Mrs. Dr. Pope, Mrs. 11. II. SmUh, wife of the Journal Clerk of the House of Representatives. At the close of the regular dances the remainder of the evening was en- livened by general dancing, the dresses producing a picturesque and gro- tesque effect. The dance of all nations became a babel of costumes, Indian braves dancing with dames of the court of Louis XIV, Holland peasants with Neapolitans, flower girls with dusky skinned gypsies, an. c. ^ PRICE. FIFTY CENTS