Historic and Modern , Washington Mary Smith Lockwood, AUTHOR OF "HISTORIC HOMES OF WASHINGTON." / COLUMBIA GUIDE -TO- HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON -BY- MARY S. LOCKWOOD, Author of ' " Historic Homes of Washington. HARRISBURG, PA.: Harrisbttrg Publishing Co. 1897. ii INDEX. Rosedale, 10' Oak View, 10 Tudor Place, v 11 Home of Brodisco, 11 Linthicum Mansion, 11 The Oaks, 11 Mount Vernon, , 11 Washington Barrack, 11 Navy Yard, 11 Tomb of George and Martha Washington, 12 The Mansion, 12 Banquet Hall, 12 Key of Bastile, 13 Alexandria, 13^ Christ Church, 13 The Beautiful Female Stranger, : 13 Old Braddock House, 14- Arlington, 14 National Cemetery, 14 Badensburg, 14 Calvert Mansion, 15' Old Capitol Prison, 15 The Capitol, 15- Old Representatives' Hall, 10 Franzoni's Historical Clock, 17 Cornstalk Columns, 17 Old Senate Chamber, 1& Rotunda, 18 The Iron Dome, 2a Eastern Portico, 20 Bronze Doors, 21 House of Representatives, 21 The Crypt, 22 Senate Chamber, 22 Senate Reception Room, 23 The Congressional Library, 24 Illustration : Congressional Library, 24 Section of Main Staircase, 28 Bronze Doors of Library, 29 Foyer, 29 Illustration: The Public Reading Room, 29 Gallery of Rotunda, 30 The Rotunda, 30 Reading Room, 30 INDKX. Ill The Stack Rooms, 32 Representatives' Reading Room 33 Senate Reading Eoom, 33 Illustration: Ground Plan of Library, 34 North Vault, First Story, 35 South Vault, Second Story, 36 Art Gallery, 37 Pavilion of Seals 38 Pavilion of Seals, 39 Public Eestaurant in Library, 39 Smithsonian Institution, 40 The National Museum, 41 Department of Ethnology, 43 Oriental Antiquities, '. 43 Flemish Tapestries, 44 Mammals, 44 Anthropology, 44 Washington Monument 45 Bureau of Eng'raving and Printing, 46 Department of Agriculture, 46 The Weather Bureau, 46 Medical Museum, 47 Treasury Building, 47 Department of Justice, '. 49 Interior Department, 51 Post Office, 51 Dead Letter Office, 52 City Post Office, 52 Pension Building, 52 Government Printing Office, 52 Department of Labor, 52 Interstate Commerce, 53 Civil Service, 53 Venezuela, ,,.... 53 Navy Yard, 53 Marine Barracks, 53 Naval Observatory, 53 Braddock Bock, 53 New Naval Observatory, 53 Corcoran Art Gallery 54 Illustration: Corcoran Art Gallery, 54 Members of the Cabinet, 5j> The Chief Justices, 55 Mr. Spoff ord, 56 iv INDEX. Senator Sherman, 56 The Strathmore Arms, 56 Alexander Shepherd, 56 Dr. Taber Johnson's Sanitarium, 56 Lowrey Mansion — Vanderbilt's, .56 Mary Clemmen Ames, 57 Grace Greenwood, 57 Emily Edson Briggs (Olivia), 57 &jXf=„N' Mrs. Er-tfr-B. Southworth, 57 Frances Hodgson Burnett, 57 John Hay, 57 Madame Dahlgren, 57 Thomas Nelson Page, 57 British Legation, 58 French Legation, 58 Russian Legation, 58 Mexican Legation, 58 German Legation, 58 Chinese Legation, 58 Japanese Legation 58 Spanish Legation, 58 Korea Legation, 58 Argentine Eepublie Legation, 58 Hungary Legation, 58 Soldiers' Home, 59 Howard University, 59 Bock Creek Church, 60 Catholic University, 60 Eckington, 60 Kendall Green, 60 St. Elizabeth's, 61 Zoological Park 61 Chevy Chase, 61 Glen Echo, 61 Calvin John's Bridge, 61 Great Falls, 61 Daughters of the American Bevolution - 62 Woman's National Press Association, 62 Federation Women's Clubs, 62 Sons of the American Revolution, 63 Official Etiquette, 63 Clubs, 65 Churches, _ 55 I. DAYY BURNS' COTTAGE. By extracts from old land patents dating back to June 5th, 1663, we find a company of Scotch and Irish emigrated to America about that time, and made a settlement on the land now included in the District of Columbia. They divided their land into farms, and gave the name of "New Scotland" to their New home. One by one the original proprietors, David Burns, Not- Scotland ley Young, Daniel Carroll, and Samuel Davidson, surrendered ] their lands to be laid out as a city, and gave one-half, or every other lot, to the Government for the purpose of raising funds for the erection of public buildings. The land comprised seven thousand one hundred acres. The cornerstone of the District was laid April 5, 1791. Un- der the direction of "Washington, Peter Charles L'Enf ant, a skill- ful French engineer, . was employed to lay out the city. Major L'Enfant adopted Jefferson's plans, the old Babylonial one, of parallelograms and angles, and over it laid his own plan of broad transverse avenues, thus intersecting the streets of the city with a variety of circles, open squares and triangular reservations. In two months after L'Enfant's plan was published he was dis- missed from the service and Andrew Elliott was chosen to finish the laying out of the city after L'Enfant's plan. When Washington made the contract with Mr. Burns for his farm, he agreed to have the lines of the streets so run as not to disturb the cottage of the latter. This agreement was faithfully Bums' • , Cottage carried out, and the oldest house in Washington to-day is the cottage of Davy Burns. This cottage became the rendezvous of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. Tom Moore was here an honored guest. The little room from which ^^ re , a he could look out upon the Potomac is still called "Tom Moore's Room room." In 1820 a new mansion was built, which is known as the Van Ness House. Latrobe, whose master hand is in the Capitol, was Tte its architect. It is south of the White House, at the foot of JjJJ lte Seventeenth street, and is reached by driving across the . F st car to I Ir me tension of the wings with the old dome gave a faulty appearance to the structure which Mr. Thomas A. Walters, the architect, so magnificently overcame by one of the most beautiful and grace- ful domes to be found in the world. In 1861 Congress ordered work to be stopped on account of the Civil War, but President Lincoln prevailed with wiser coun- sel. The work went on, and the Statue of Liberty, by Crawford, soon took her position at the apex. Crowning the dome is a fresco of Brumidi's — the apotheosis of Washington, represent- ing his enrollment among the immortals. The eastern portico is the main entrance to the Capitol. The T era f por- Inaugural ceremonies take place, every four years, from a plat- tico form built out from the portico. There the President takes his oath of office, surrounded by the Supreme Court, members of Congress,, officials and the people. Opposite, on the plaza, is Greenough's collossal statue of Wash- ington. On the north side of the portico is Greenough's marble group, "The Settlement of America." On the south is Persico's Columbus, "The Discovery of America." HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 21 On the tympanus of the pediment of the portico is Persico's alto-relievo, "The Genius of America/' said to have been de- signed by John Quincy Adams. On the north side of the main entrance stands a heroic statue, "War," in Eoman costume, with sword and shield. On the south side stands "Peace," in a flowing Greek robe, with a fruit- bearing olive branch, by Persico. Over the door a baso-relievo, by Capellano, representing "Washington crowned by Fame and Peace." There is nothing finer in the Capitol or city than the historical bronze doors. They were designed by Bandolph Eogers, an g^nze American, in 1858, arid were cast in Munich in 1861. They rep- Door s resent the story of Columbus discovering the New World. Passing through the rotunda to the left one reaches old Eep- resentative Hall, now Statuary Hall. In 1864 Congress issued an invitation to each State to furnish two statues of honored men in marble or bronze to be permanently placed here. With this request the States are yearly complying. Besides the statues and paintings there is a plaster cast of Houdin's Washington, and the Centennial safe, in which are deposited historical papers, records of the ISfation during its first century, and which are not to be opened until 1976. Behind the pillars are sofas and tables for the accommodation of ladies who come to the Capitol on busi- ness. Passing through Statuary Hall, you enter a corridor where are telegraph and cable offices, which takes you to the House of Eep- resentatives. There is a gallery for visitors, certain parts of which are reserved for families of Eepresentatives and Senators,. House oi members of the Cabinet, Diplomatic Corps and Beporters' gal- ^^tlttves lery. The Mace, symbol of authority, is each day at the side of the Speaker's desk. There are two large paintings by Bierstadt there: "The First Landing of Hendrick Hudson," and "The Discovery of Cali- fornia." Another panel contains a fresco by Brumidi, "General Washington refusing Cornwallis' request for an armsitice," just before the surrender. The western stairway is of Tennessee marble. Over the landing is a a painting by Lentze, "Westward 22 COLUMBIA GUIDE Ho!" with Bierstadt's "Golden Gate" below it. In close prox- imity are the bronze bust of Bee-shu-kee, a Chippewa chief; "The Buffalo/' by Vincenti, and a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall, by Brooks: At the foot of the eastern stairway is Power's statue of Jeffer- son, a full length portrait of Henry Clay, by Neagle, and of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, the last survivor of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. On the landing is Carpenter's "Signing the Proclamation of Emancipation," September 22, 1863, which cost $25,000, and was presented by Mrs. Mary E. Thompson, of New York. The entire basement is occupied by committee rooms and the restaurant. Other committee rooms are scattered throughout the building. Many of them are handsomely frescoed, notably that near the stairway — Agriculture, "Cincinnatus called from the plow to be Dictator of Borne," and "Putnam called from the plow to join the Continental Army," are well portrayed. The corridor to the north leads to the crypt. The stone star marks the exact center of the building, which was formerly taken as the meridian of Washington. There are forty -massive doric c Th ® columns which support the building and are the superstructure of the dome. Beneath is the undercroft or vault, in which it was intended the final resting place of the body of George "Wash- ington would be. A "keeper of the crypt" was appointed when it was finished, whose business it was to sit by the hole where the star now is and thTcrypt se ® that no harm befell the body of Washington. He diligently sat there watching this hole and drawing his salary until Lin- coln's day, when the office was abolished. The Senate occupies the north wing of the Capitol. The fres- coes here are worthy of careful study. For twenty years Brumidi chamber worked at them, mostly in the basement. Audubon's birds will be found portrayed in minutest detail. The corridors leading to committee rooms and the rooms themselves have characteristic decorations. The ceiling of the Senate chamber is finished with glass panels which have symbolic decorations of the Union, Navy, Army, HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 23 Progress, Mechanics, Arts, etc. The desks and chairs of pol- ished mahogany are the same used in the old Senate Hall, addi- tions having been made as necessity required. Greatly is it to he regretted that the auctioneer's hammer tells no tales, and that the beautiful desks of the old House of Representatives have no written history. The eastern staircase leading to the Senate is made of Tennes- see marble. At the foot is Power's statue of Benjamin Franklin. Over the landing is Powell's painting of Perry's victory on Lake Erie in 1813. At the west is the grand staircase, in white marble. Stone's statue of Hancock is at the foot. On the landing is Walker's painting, "The Storming of Chapultepec, Mexico," 1847. Charles Wilson Peale's portrait of Washington, 1779, is at the head of the stairs. On the wall opposite the stair is "The Eecall of Columbus/' by Seaton. The moment chosen is when Queen Isabella repents, sends a messenger who overtakes Columbus on the bridge: "Isabella has decided to sacrifice her jewels." The marble busts filling the niches around the Senate chamber are of the Yice Presidents. Here also are portraits of Jefferson and Patrick Henry. Surrounding the chamber are committee rooms and lobbies. On the north front are the rooms set aside for the President, Yice President and Senators. The most beauti- ful room in the Capitol is that of the President. Portraits of many public men adorn the walls, as also the walls of the lobbies. Especial attention is called to the wall decora- tion in the Vice President's room. Here is Rembrandt Peale's painting of Washington, also a marble bust of Vice President Wilson, who died in this room. The Seriate reception room, of marble, is one of superb mag- nificence. Toward the east is the ladies' reception room; out of _ x ' senate this is the room of the Serjeant-at-Arms, and the Diplomatic Reception! ° ; ± Boom Corps committee room. All bear the graceful touch of Bru- midi's hand. In the corridor out of this -room is the equestrian portrait of General Scott. The corridor toward the east leads to the famous bronze door of Crawford. It illustrates Revolutionary and Federal history. Above sits a marble group by Crawford, "History and Justice." 24 COLUMBIA GUIDE There is also a group by the same artist on the tympanum or gable end of the portico which by some is thought to be the crowning work of this great artist, "The Past and Present of America." Thomas Moran's superb painting, the "Canyon of the Yellow- stone" and "Chasm of the Colorado/' and portraits of Clay, Web- ster and Calhoun, and the statue of M. Penseroso are in the gal- lery above. In the ante-room to the ladies' gallery are portraits of Senator Sumner and General Dix, "The First Fight of the Ironclads" and "The Electoral Commission," by Mrs. Fassett, in which many familar faces can be traced. A portrait of President Garfield is on one side, and a mosaic portrait of Lincoln, presented by Sal- viati, on the other. In the Eobing room of the Chief Justice can be seen a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall, by Eembrandt Peale, and portraits of Chief Justice Gay, Chase and Taney. CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY. The first appropriation of $5,000 for library rooms and books for Congressmen was made in 1800. They were destroyed in 1814, when the British burned the Capitol. Then Thomas Jefferson's private librae, numbering six thousand seven hun- dred volumes, was purchased at a cost of $23,950. Another fire in 1825 destroyed many volumes, but not the most valuable. December 25, 1851, a third fire destroyed over 35,000 volumes, about three-fifths of the whole collection. Then Congress made an appropriation for fire proof quarters for its books. After the new Library rooms were completed $75,000 was appropriated for new books and $5,000 annually provided. The Law Library was removed to the basement, and placed in the old Supreme Court room and $10,000 annually appropriated for it, making one of the most complete law libraries in the world. John Beckley, of Virginia, was the first Librarian, appointed by Thomas Jefferson at a salary not exceeding two dollars per day for every day of necessary work. From 1829 to 1861 John S. Tlie Library 26 COLUMBIA GUIDB Meehan, of New York, was Librarian; from 1861 to 1864 John Qt. Stephenson, of Indiana, held the office, and in 1864 President Lincoln appointed Ainsworth R. Spofford, of Ohio, who con- tinues in the position. The Library is comprehensive in its range. Every department in literature or science is here represented. The public may use the books in the Library rooms. Members of Congress and some officials can take them away. By paying a deposit of money equal to the price of the book any person may take home a de- sired volume. The reading rooms are open daily (except Sun- day) from 9 A. M. to the hour of adjournment. During the re- cess of Congress, from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. The Scientific Library, of over 300,000 titles, gathered by the Smithsonian Institution, has been turned over to the Na- tional Library. The Peter Force collection of Documentary History of the American Colonies and the Revolution, consisting of manu- scripts, pamphlets, pictures, etc., was purchased by the Govern- ment for $100,000. Dr. J. M. Toner, recently deceased, spent his life in historical research, and collected an invaluable library of 27,000 volumes of rare books, and an equal number of pamphlets and engrav- ings, which he generously gave to the National Library. These, with the addition of the accumulations of the copyright law, which requires two volumes of every copyright to be left with the Library, and preserves the whole product of the American press, formed a vast and rapidly increasing collection, which demanded ample and more easily accessible space. The crowded state of the Library, the overflow into dark crypts, literature piled up like cord wood on the floors, prohibited any attempt at cataloguing, and for ten years none has been attempted. Yet, out of the conglomerated mass every student who has frequented the Library must assert that no inconvenience has accrued to him, whatever the fate of those having these precious volumes in charge. Mr. Spofford, with his efficient assistants, Mr. John Morrison and Mr. David Hutcheson, have proved equal to a com- plete catalogue. With only a few moments' notice of books wanted, they have been able to place them on the tables, by what HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. . 27 magic let imagination reveal. From dire necessity lias arisen a new Library building, the finest the world has seen. It might well be called a monument to Mr. Spofford's life work. A site of ten acres was purchased east of the Capitol at a cost The ivew of $585,000 for the new Library building. The work was begun Building in 1888, after architectural plans prepared by Smithmyer & Pelz, with some modifications. Under the efficient charge of Gen. Thomas Lincoln Casey, Chief of Engineers of the Army, with Bernard E. Green, C. E., as superintendent and engineer, the edifice is now complete. The building is constructed of white granite from the quar- ries of Concord, \N\ II. The inner courts are of Maryland granite of a slightly darker hue from quarries in Baltimore county, Md. Its dimensions are 470 by 340 feet, with four large inner courts, 150 feet in length by 75 to 100 in width. The outer walls have frontage on four streets. This, with the spacious court and two thousand windows, renders it the best lighted library in the world. There are three floors, a basement on a level with the ground, a first story or library floor, 19 feet high, and a second story 29 feet high. The walls are 69 feet high to the roof, and the dome is 190 feet from the ground. The architecture is Italian renaissance. Upon the keystones of thirty-three of the window arches on the four sides are carved human heads, types of as many races of men. Models were made from drawings in the National Museum, and serve as object les- sons in ethnology, as well as in the art of portraiture. The cen- tral pavilion on the west is enriched by four collossal figures, each representing Atlas and surmounted by a pediment with two sculptural American eagles at the center of an emblematic group in granite. The massive front staircase with its fine balustrade forms the approach to the building, and has underneath an arched porte- cochere. The edifice is topped by a carved balustrade running around the building. Jutting out from the second-story win- dows are nine collossal granite busts of Demosthenes, Dante and Scott, by Adams; Irving, Hawthorne and Emerson, by Hartley; Franklin, Macaulay and Goethe, by Euchstuhl. 28 COLUMBIA GUIDE Over the arches of the three entrance doors are carved three spandrels in relief, each .representing two female figures, em- blematic of Art, Science and Literature. The dome is gilded with gold leaf. The cresting of the dome above the lantern terminates in a gilded finale, representing the torch of Science ever burning. From the Art Gallery and the lantern of the dome an ex- tended view of "Washington, the Potomac, Maryland and Vir- ginia Heights is obtained. The heating apparatus is eighty feet removed from the build- ing, and underground, avoiding noise, dust, heat and odors. The central bronze entrance door was designed by McMonnies, SECTION OF MAIN STAIRCASE. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 29 the sculptor, whose superb fountain in the Court of Honor at the Bronze Columbian Exposition all will remember. Through this and lateral doors, by Warner, we reach the corridor, finished in white Italian marble and magnificently decorated in gold leaf finish. The great feature on this floor, before reaching the reading room in the center, is the grand entrance hall (Foyer), lined throughout with fine Italian marble. On the sides rise lofty rounded columns with elaborately carved capitals of Corinthian design, while the heavy but graceful arches are adorned with marble palm leafs, foliated designs of exquisite finish and deli- Foyer cacy. The great height of this Foyer, rising 72 feet to the skylight, with its vaulted ceiling and the grand double staircase with its white marble balustrades leading up on either side, pre- sents a superb architectural effect. The Newell posts are en- riched by festoons of leaves and flowers surmounted by the bronze lamp bearers for electric lights. The upper staircases are ornamented with twenty-six minature marble figures by Mar- tiny, carved in relief, representing in emblematic sculpture the various arts and sciences. This beautiful and spacious Foyer has been described as a "vision in polished stone." THE PUBLIC READING ROOM. 3° COLUMBIA GUIDE The Eotunda is reached through the Ionic doorway between the grand staircases of the western entrance. It may also be The reached through the eastern front. Here the climax of archi- tectural and decorative art is reached. The Eotunda will be the public reading room. It is an octagonal hall, 100 feet in diam- Room e ter, 125 feet high, lighted by eight semi-circular windows, 32 feet wide. The interior walls of the reading room are enriched with light colored variegated marbles, harmonious in tone and GALLERY OF ROTUNDA. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 3 1 tint. Eight massive pillars of Tennessee marble rise forty feet to the concave ceiling. These are surmounted by two shades of Kumidian marble and crowned by statues of heroic size: "Art/' by Augustus St. Gaudens; "History/' by Daniel C. French; "Philosophy/' by B. L. Piatt; "Poetry/' by J. Q. A. Ward; "Science/' by John Donaghue; "Law/' by Paul Bartlett; "Com- merce," by John Flanagan; "Eeligiori/' by Theodore Bauer. The representative men for each subject are cast in bronze of heroic size, and arranged in groups around the galleries. Plato and Lord Bacon, by Boyle, represent Philosophy; Heroditus and Gibbon, by rTiehaus, History; Homer, by Louis St. Gaudens, and Shakespeare, by McMonies, Poetry; Michael Angelo, by Bartlett, and Beethoven, by Bauer, Art; Newton and Henry, by Bartlett, Science; Solon and Kent, by Bissell, Law; Columbus and Fulton, by Potter, Commerce; Moses, by Mchaus, and St. Paul, by Dona- hue, Eeligion. The chief plastic figures in the entablatures of the Eotunda were moulded by Martiny. These stucco sculp- tures were made by Preinert as chief modeler. The clock, Father Time, and other winged images are Flanagan's. Numerous arches and balustrades rise to the height of the upper gallery. Twenty-four noble arches on the Library floor intercalated with pilasters and architraves, carved in classical sculpture, and above these on the gallery floors rise fifty-three more arches in continuous succession, surmounted by a running balustrade reaching around the reading hall. These loggias and open galleries are reached from the grand staircase, and from here visitors can overlook the whole room and its busy workers below without disturbance. The hollow concave of the dome is enriched by a series of fig- ures in fresco, by E. H. Blashfield, symbolizing the relations of the nations to human progress. Mr. E. Cortissoz gives this word painting: "Egypt is the representative of written records; Judea typifies religion; Greece is the standard-bearer of philosophy; Eome bears the same relation toward administration; Islam stands for physics; the Middle Ages are figured as the fountain head of modern languages; Italy is represented as the source of fine arts; 32 COLUMBIA GUIDB Germany as sponsor for printing; Spain as the first great power in discovery; England as the mighty bulwark of literature, and America as the nation of scientific genius. Each figure holds the insignia of its place." Two hundred and fifty readers, each with desks and light screens or curtains to separate one from the other, can be accom- modated on the floor. The circular desk of the superintendent and his assistants will be centralized within the railing, com- manding a view of every part of the reading room. The sight- seeing public will not be admitted on the floor, but to the gal- leries above. The stack rooms are the book magazines or repositories, open- ing on either side of the Eotunda. These are filled with iron cases consisting of nine tiers or floors, rising sixty-five feet to the The roof. Each tier of shelves is seven feet high and is easily Rooms reached without steps. The space between the rows of shelves is three and one half feet. The floor of the stack rooms are of white marble. The shelves are white marble on bars of rolled steel, and spaced to give good ventilation for the books and pre- vent accumulation of dust. The shelves are adjustable to any height. The stacks are lighted by large solid plate glass. The courts into which they look are lined from the ground up with ivory-colored enameled brick. Two hundred windows in each side give ample light. Each stack has a shelving capacity of eight hundred thousand volumes. The present capacity of all the stacks is about 2,000,000 volumes. Additional space can be made.for 2,500,000 more, making room for 4,500,000 volumes. The remaining space of the first story is devoted to the Libra- rian's room, lecture hall, private reading room for Congress, and special students, special libraries-— as the Smithsonian, Dr. Toner's and copyright record rooms. The decorative features of this floor are a delight to the eye. The leading sculptors and artists of America have vied with each other to make this one of the most attractive buildings on earth. Evolu- tion, of HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 33 Mural Decorations. The general plan of color treatment was left to Elmer E. Garnsey, who associated with him E. J. Holstag as foreman, while final designs and general treatment was left to Edward P. Casey, son of the late General Casey. After passing through the Foyer and entering the eastern section of the stair hall you come upon the paintings of John W. Alexander, representing the "Evolution of the Book," beginning with men building mounds of rock to arrest attention, to leave traces of a party, landmarks — ^JueMua* like the cairns of Scotland: "Now here let us place the gray stone der of her cairn" (Campbell). The second stage is oral communica- tion. The third is picture and hieroglyphic language in stone. The fourth is hieroglyphic representation on skins. Fifth is the monk with his illuminated parchment. Sixth is the print- ing press and the book. In the entrance to the Eotunda are five paintings, in semi-cir- cular panels or lunettes, by Elihu Vedder, representing good and bad government. In the section south of the Foyer, Henry Oliver Walker has painted the eight tymanums representing lyric poetry. In the south corridor Walter McEwen has brought out the Greek heroes of history and mythology, and the pendentives and dome cameos. In the room to the west the seven ceiling panels of Gutherz represent the spectrums of light. Nothing in the building ex- Represen- ceecls this room in magnificence. Beginning with the center Reading panel out of the cloud-like dias comes a faint suggestion in pris- matic colors that the injunction "Let there be light" will be ful- filled, and "there was light." In the next panel to the north comes "The Light of Eesearch;" following that "The Light of Truth" and "The Light of Astronomy." To the south "The "Light of Progress," "The Light of Poetry" and "The Light of State." The ceiling panels of the southwest Pavilion were painted by W. A. Mackey. The oak door-heacls and the marble mantels are senate by Adams, and the mosaic panels for the mantels are by Dielman. Room In the corresponding north section, the seven paintings repre- senting "The Family" are by Charles Sprague Pearce. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 35 The pictures of the nine muses, the pendentives and cameo pieces in the dome of the west corridor, first story north of the stair hall, are by Edward Simmons. Pompel- an Room Van In- gen and NORTH VAULT, FIRST FLOOR. The Pompeian room is in the northwest pavilion. Its color scheme closely follows that of the ancient Eomans. Pompeian red is used for the ground; upon this the artist has displayed a brilliant array of arabesque panels in light color. The little dancing figures in several instances are copies of those on the walls of the Eoyal Museum at Naples, whither they are brought Soisias from Pompeii. In the six arched windows are the signs of the zodiac, designed by Thompson. In the second story of the stairhall, at the springing of the west vault, are eight figures, representing Sciences, by Shirlaw. The eight figures, representing Literature, in the east vault, are by Barse. The five center pieces, representing the Senses, in the crown of the northern vault, and the four circular wall panels be- low are by Eeid. Three center pieces, in the crown of the south 36 COLUMBIA GUIDE vault, representing the Graces, and the four circular panels on the wall below, representing the Seasons, were painted by Benson. SOUTH VAULT, SECOND STORY. The mosaic panel of Minerva, for the mezzanine of the stair- hall, is by Vedder. The two lunettes at the second story land- ings of the stairhall elevators are by Van Ingen. The twenty- eight figures in the cove of the stairhall, and the thirty-two fig- ures in the pendentives of the south vault are by F. C. Martin. The eight floating figures in the stairhall wall panels, repre- senting "Virtues," are Maynard's. In the northwest pavilion, second story, the five paintings, representing Music, Art, Literature, Science and Ambition, were HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 37 by William L. Dodge. The work as a whole makes one of the most pleasing rooms in the building. In the curtain leading out of this room, adjoining hall, west front, Melcher has two paint- ings, "Arts of War" and "Arts of Peace." Schladermundt worked up and colored the full-size cartoons of the mosaic vaults and ornamental glass work designed by Mr. Casey. ART. GALLERY. 38 COLUMBIA GUIDE The unique decorations of the Librarian's Office, five figure panels, are by E. J. Holslag. All the most important interior architecture and enrichment are from the designs of Edward Pearce Casey. Paul J. Pelz de- signed all the principal lines of the interior of the dome, includ- ing the marble work of the Eotunda, exclusive of the entabla- tures. In the curtain, south of the stair hall, second-story, are two lunettes, representing Science and Art, by Kenyon Cox. Science is represented by mathematics and astronomy, botany and zoology. Art, on the opposite side, by music, painting and sculpture. The southwest pavilion, second-story, was decorated by May- nard. The subjects are, Adventure, Discovery, Conquest and Civilization, with' a group in the center of the ceiling represent- ing Valor, Courage, Fortitude and Achievement. The four medallions in the corners of the pavilions, represent- ing the seasons, are by Pratt. The room leading from this pa- PAVILION OF THE SEALS. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 39 vilion to the southeast pavilion is an art gallery for the display of graphic art. The opposite room will be for maps, of which the Library possesses a rare collection. The paintings in the south- east pavilion are by E. L. Dodge, and represent the elements — Earth, Air, Fire, Water. In the northeast corner is the "Pavilion of the Seals," where the American flag and official seals of the United States and characteristic emblems are shown, by Garnsey. In four lunettes, painted by Yan Ingen, are female figures suggesting the eight Executive Departments — State, War, Navy, Treasury, Justice, Interior, Postoffice and Agriculture. Each figure holds a shield Pavilion m OI 3€£UU9 inscribed with the seal of the department and the insignia and allegorical attributes pertaining thereto. The utterances of great statesmen and patriots find expression in the center of each lunette. In the center of the ceiling is the great seal of the United States, seventeen feet in diameter, surrounded by forty- eight stars, emblematic of the States and Territories, and the four winds typified by masks; dolphins symbolizing our fisheries; lyres, the fine arts; torches, typical of knowledge; surrounded by a scroll inscription containing the last clause of Abraham Lin- coln's peroration at G-ettysburg battlefield. The prevailing color of the Hall of the Seals is deep copper gold, combined with ivory. On the ground floor are the rooms for a book bindery, for packing and storing books. Four wide corridors are on each of the four sides. These are faced with colored marbles. The west hall is of white Italian marble, and western corridor of Vermont marble, mottled blue; the north wing of Tennessee marble, dark chocolate color; east front corridor, with Georgia marble, richly veined in black and white; the south corridor is red and white Champlain marble from Swanton, Vt. Every arrangement is made for the quick transmission of books from point to point, and to the Capitol; an underground tunnel for this purpose has been constructed from the Library to the Capitol. xustan- There is a public restaurant in the attic of the Library. Library 40 COLUMBIA GUIDE THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. The Smithsonian Institution is in the Mall, between Seventh and Eleventh streets. James Smithson, an Englishman, son of the fifth Duke of Northumberland, was a man of scientific re- search and culture. He once wrote, and truly, "The best blood smithso- of England flows in my veins. On mv father's side I am a North- stitutiou umbeiiand; on my mother s I am related to kings; but this avails me not. My name, however, shall live in the memory of man, when the titles of the Northumberlands and the Percys are ex- tinct and forgotten." In 1826 he drew up his will, which con- tained this significant provision: "I bequeath the whole of my property to the United States of America, to found at Washing- ton, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an estab- lishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.''* By act of Congress the Institution was constituted to admin- ister the bequest. The Hon. Eichard Bush was sent to England to adjust and collect the claim. The total sum derived from the founder's beneficence, by careful management, was increased, in 1867, to $650,000. Other bequests have been made from time to time, until the permanent fund has now reached nearly $1,- 000,000. The first meeting of Eegents was held September 7, 1846, when Prof. Joseph Henry was elected secretary. His statue, erected by order of Congress, is in the Smithsonian Park. The Institution has under its charge, but not at the expense of it's own funds, certain bureaus, which are sustained by annual appropriations. These are the "National Museum, the Bureau of International Exchanges, the Bureau of Ethnology, the National Zoological Park, and the Astro-Physical Observatory. The Institution is in charge of a board of regents, of which the Chief Justice of the United States is chancellor, and the Presi- dent of the United States is an ex-ofncio member. On May 1, 1847, the cornerstone of the building was laid. It is of twelfth century Norman architecture. It has nine towers of varying heights, making it one of the most picturesque of all the public builclinofs. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 4 1 Professor Henry, elected 1846, was succeeded by Prof. Spen- cer Pullerton Band, in 1879, who in turn was succeeded by Samuel Pierpont Langley in . Each of these gifted men, in addition to general administrative work, has made some special feature distinctively his own. Professor Henry origin- ated and developed the system of international exchanges. Secretary There is not a civilized country today where the Smithsonian is not represented. The system of meteorological observations and weather predictions, known as the Weather Bureau, was of his development. Secretary Baird, who was the leading authority on mammals, birds, fishes and reptiles of America, and the founder of the Fish Commission, continued this work in which he had long been in- terested and secured the building of the New Museum, also the construction of the exploring ship Albatross. To Secretary Langley is due the National Zoological Park and the Astrophysical Observatory, which was established 1891. Astro-physics is among the newest of modern sciences and is that branch of astronomy which aims to discover the law and trace the effects of the sun, moon and planets upon the earth and the wants of man on it, how heat is distributed, how seasons, crops and living beings are affected thereby. This science and the Spectroscope made their appearance simultaneously and the lat- ter is largely used in the work. Prof. Langley, by a new method, has obtained results more important than any hitherto reached. His investigations lie beyond the ''great unknown region," that invisible portion of the solar spectrum which lies beyond visible color. The National Museum dates its real starting point from the Centennial in Philadelphia, 1876. The valuable material given to the United States by foreign governments and exhibitors had accumulated, and was for years exhibited in the Patent Office. The Smithsonian men in their explorations, especially in the great Northwest, the Kocky Mountain regions, and the Pacific Tiiesra- ' J ° ' tional slope, brought back with them Indian relics, skins, implements Museum of savagery, games, minerals, fossils, pottery, etc. The Centen- nial made the opportunity for Prof. Baird's admirable Govern- ment exhibit, and Avith the addition of nearly all the foreign ex- 42 COLUMBIA GUIDE hibits, a building became a necessity, and the result was a museum that enfolded all departments of human progress. It had reached that stage of completion that in 1881 the inaugural ball of President Garfield was held in the building. The main entrance is in the north front. In this hall are the war relics and those of Washington, Lincoln and Grant. Many of the Washington relics were brought from the Patent Office and were a gift to the Government, but the complete collection was purchased by Congress from his heirs for $50,000. Articles belonging to Jefferson, Jackson and Franklin, especially the printing press of the latter, and medals, presents, etc., from statesmen and commanders are here in numbers. Here can be studied the development of Ceramic art in Japan. The collec- tion is historically quite complete. One of the most unique exhibits in this museum is that of musical instruments. The late Dr. J. Browne Goode, curator of the museum, took infinite pains to make this collection complete, and to him are we indebted for one of the best collections in this line. The evolution of musical instruments has been carried out after the plan of Bowbotham. First are shown instruments of percussion; second, wind; third, stringed instruments. These have been gathered from the four quarters of the earth. Here is the rattle of gourd, the Fegee Islander's drum, the "tom-tom" of Africa, gongs from India, Dervish drums from Cario, Cir- cassian tambourines, Spanish castinets, the "Pipes of Pan," the primitive flagolet, the shepherd's flute, the Dakotas' "love flute," the phans of Siam, whose reeds and pipes suggest the organ; here are bagpipes of Scotland and the hurdy-gurdy of Italy. All known wind instruments are here. The collection of stringed instruments is unique; from the little one-stringed "scholar's lute," thrummed as an accompaniment to recitation, to the poet's lute with double strings, and to the lyre and harp; and from these to the dulcimer and piano here are short and traceable steps. Here are the "vina" of Hindoostan, the "kin" of China, the harp of Egypt, the miramba of Guatemala, the guitar and violin and a Cremona lute, made by Guinarius. We see how the evolution from the primitive rattle has furnished HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 43 the world with drums, the flagolet with flutes, trombones, clar- ionets, basses, piccolos and pipe organs; the lute with violin, harp and piano. The Department of Ethnology, from its commencement, 1879, has been under the directorship of Maj. J. W. Powell. With the assistance of able associates, he has succeeded in placing upon record a vast number of facts in regard to the Indian races. An effective classification of the tribes on the reservations has been made, and a complete linguistic classification of the native lan- guages has been prepared. The representative Indian tribes of North America are shown by life-size models, costumes are in- troduced and articles of industry, including pottery and basketry. Good representations of the aboriginal condition of the tribes are here. The collection of greatest interest is perhaps that pre- pared by Prof. Otis T. Mason, showing the arts practiced by the Depart- primitive women of the world. It is easy to study the paths Etimoi- along which they advanced in the industrial world. Professor Mason shows by these still-life illustrations that women were the first architects; that they devised the furnishings of these humble homes; that they were the first spinners, the first weavers, the first millers, the first bakers, the first geometricians and the firs!; potters. They are here shown practicing the daily duties which developed into these arts. There is not a piece of ancient pot- tery in the National Museum from the pre-historic tombs, from the ancient Pueblos, or from the burial pottery of Mcaraugua that is not the work of women. Many of these specimens will bear the closest scrutiny, in construction, form and decoration. Find the "Tapa cloth/' and you will see that women had accom- plished in the early ages the art of lithography and printing upon this cloth made of bark beaten thin. In the "Department of Oriental Antiquities and Eeligious Ceremonies" will be found a collection of objects illustrative of SSuSSSi the Bible. This archaeological collection begins with the ties ancient Hittites, from the time of Abraham down. The ancient religion of the Jews is represented by a case con- taining a selection of objects of Jewish ceremonials. There is a collection of gems from Palestine, with a model of the High Mammals 44 COLUMBIA GUIDE Priest's breastplate. There is also a collection representing the history of the translations of the Bible. There is also an exceedingly valuable book arranged by Thomas Jefferson, with concordance and notes in Jefferson's own handwriting, said to have been compiled by him for transla- tion into the Indian languages. It is the New Testament ar- ranged in historical order by clippings from the Latin, Greeks French and English Testaments. The four Flemish tapestries in the Eotunda were a present to Tapestries General Sheridan. They are a part of a collection of eight tell- ing the story of .Alexander the Great. The Department of Mammals is finely represented. The groups are superbly mounted and show how the animals appeared in their native haunts. In the next hall are skeletons of extinct animals as well as existing types. There are also geological specimens, ores, marbles, minerals and fossils. In other halls will be found the various fishing implements, boats and vessels used in the industry. The exhibits visible and those in store for want of space would show every phase of the industrial arts of the world; the life and habits of the world's people in all conditions of evolution, in every stage of civilization, from all continents and islands of the sea. A part of the collection is in the Smithsonian proper. On the ground floor are the Ornithological collections. Colored prints from Audobon's original copper plates are here. There is also a fine display of sea shells. In the adjoining hall, west end, is the Department of Inter- State Marine life. The second floor is devoted to Pre-historic Anthropology. Here are relics from the mounds and buried cities of American ti^icai Indians, Aztecs, Mayas, Incas, etc., from earthworks, cemeteries, ( Am 3 e a r ^- village sites and workshops. Hatchets, axes, gouges, adzes, hun- dreds of primitive instruments by means of which conclusions are reached as to the ancient methods of building, tree felling, boat making, etc. In the European Pre-historic Exhibit there are specimens that give a knowledge of pre-historic races and times, known as the ages of stone, bronze and iron. This exhibit is of surpassing in- Timent HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 45 terest to students in anthropology. There are models and paintings of the Arizona cliff dwellings, and in the lower hall and European along the stairway are casts of pre-historic Mexican picture torlc s " writings and casts of the sacrificial stone and the celebrated cal- endar-stone of Mexico. The Botanical Gardens are reached through the Mall, which was set apart by the founders of the city for a continuous park from the White House to the Capitol. The first object of in- terest after leaving the White House is the Washington Monu- ment. It is the highest construction of masonry in the world. By act of Congress, August 7, 1783, an equestrian statue was authorized to be placed wherever Congress should be finally tonVon- establish in honor of George Washington, the illustrous Com- mander-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States. In 1795 it was proposed to erect a memorial called "The Monument to the American Eevolution." The site of the latter was chosen by Washington himself. December 24, 1799, immediately follow- ing Washington's death a resolution was passed for the erection of a marble monument. In 1833, the citizens of Washington formed a "Washington Monument Society," with Chief Justice John Marshall, president. In 1848 the cornerstone was laid; the structure was under the care of Architect Eobert Mills. The ad- dress was delivered by Eobert Winthrop, of Massachusetts. Work was stopped in 1855 for want of funds, at 156 feet 4 inches above surface level. In 1876 the Government took charge of the completion. Lieut. Col. Thomas L. Casey, IT. S. Engineer, and Capt. George W. Davis, assistants Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, were assigned to duty on the monument. The most superb work was put upon the foundation. Three and a half years were spent in reinforcing the old foundation. In August, 1884, the monu- ment was 500 feet high. From this point the pyramidal roof began. The keystone, weighing 5,000 pounds was laid Novem- ber 18, 1884. The cap-stone was set December 6, 1884, and saluted by firing of cannon. The crowning apex is a conical block of American aluminum, 9-| inches high, 5^ inches square at the base, weighing 100 ounces. The monument was dedicated February 21, 1885, as the twenty-second, Washington's birthday, fell on Sunday. Eobert 46 COLUMBIA GUIDE Winthrop was present again, thirty-seven years after the laying of the cornerstone. A military and civic parade followed. An elevator carries visitors to the top and nine hundred steps will carry them up on foot. On the inner walls are the stone tablets contributed by the States and Territories, foreign powers, schools and religious societies. Bureau of The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is on Fourteenth and tiig and B streets, S. W., and is open Saturdays only to visitors, except by special permit. In this building the designing, engraving and printing of bonds, checks, notes, revenue and postage stamps is done. Proper persons are detailed to conduct visitors and ex- plain the processes of the manufacture of money and bonds. The printing division, where paper money is made, is on the third floor. About five hundred people are here employed, as the delicate work is all done by hand labor. The building is of brick, Eomanesque style, and was erected 1878-80. The Department of Agriculture is situated in the Mall at the terminus of Thirteenth with A streets, S. W. The building is surrounded by the Propagating gardens, where flowers, foliage, trees, shrubs, etc., are grown for use in public parks and reserva- Depart- tions. The forcing houses, nursery, palm house, etc., are inter- Agricm- esting points to visit. The building is 170 by 61 feet, three stories, with a mansard roof and basement. It was finished in 1868. The offices of Secretary of Agriculture, Chief Clerk, Ornithologist, Pomologist and Chemist are on the first floor. There is also on this floor a mineralogical collection. The offices of the Botanist and Entomologist and a finely equipped library are on the second floor. There is also a Museum of Botany of nearly two hundred thousand specimens of pressed North American plants. The scope of the work is very ex- tended, including fruit, flowers, forestry, crops, live stock, etc. The museum, with its annex, includes the wonderful exhibit made by this department at the World's Columbian Exposition. Probably no department is doing a work of greater economic value. The Weather Bureau is now an important branch of this de- weatter partment. It is housed at the corner of M and Twenty-fourth Bureau s t re ets, N. W. The instruments by which the meteorological HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 47 conditions and changes are noted can be seen by visitors. The forecast of the weather for the ensuing forty-eight hours is given, based upon reports of local conditions telegraphed night and morning throughout the United States. From these, or- ders are telegraphed to each signal station to display certain signals. To this Bureau belongs the maintenance and operation of sea coast telegraph lines, gauging and reporting rivers, the col- lecting and transmitting of marine intelligence for the benefit of commerce and navigation, the reporting of temperature and rainfall conditions for the cotton industry, and other crops, and a close study of meteorology. The Medical Museum is east of the Smithsonian, corner of Seventh and B streets, S. W. Built in 1886-8. On the first floor Medical Museum will be found the Surgeon General's office, clerks of the Pension Eecord Division and Exhibit of Army Medical Supplies. On the second floor is a library of 200,000 volumes. The Fish Commission building is east of the Medical Museum, where can be seen in operation the appliances and processes of fish hatching. There are numerous aquaria filled with plants and fishes. The whole construction is to afford every facility for studying the habits of fishes, how propogated and distributed over the country. The fish ponds are near the Washington Mon- ument. TREASURY BUILDING. The Treasury Building is east of the White House. When General Jackson stuck his cane into the earth and said: "Here shall be laid the cornerstone of the Treasury Building," he de~ J^Jf^ stroyed the magnificent view of the Capitol from the White House and frustrated ftie plan of the engineer who planned the Capitol. The four fronts of the building cover a space 575 by 280 feet. There are three stories, basement and sub-basement, containing 195 rooms. The east facade, including the colonnade of the original building, was erected in 1836-41, built of Virginia free- stone. In 1855 the extensions of Maine granite were com- menced. The north front was finished in 1869. It is of Ionic 48 COLUMBIA GUIDE architecture, and the granite columns 'or monoliths are of one solid stone, 31^ feet high. It was of these monoliths, lying along the street, encased in wood, during the Civil war, .of which "Bull Eun" Eussell wrote to the London "Times" that they were "lying there in their wooden coffins, with their heads as near heaven as they would ever get to be. Nevertheless, they now stand proudly erect, "uncoffined," but not "unsung." A guide is sent with -visitors from 11 to 12 and from 1 to 2 o'clock. Parties are formed and conducted to certain rooms. All parts of the money division are open to public inspection. The United States Treasurer's office, east corridor, first floor. The cash room, north corridor, main floor.. It is a magnificent room, extending through two stories, its walls finished in do- mestic and foreign marbles, and has a fine bronze balustrade. All disbursements of money take place here. At one end of the room is the Cashier's office, at the other the vault room. The silver vaults are in the basement and can be seen. The closed vaults, silver and gold, are in the sub-basement. The Eedemp- tion Division is in the basement. Women count the notes sent to the Treasury for redemption and cancellation. That the cur- rency can always be in good condition the Government pays ex- pressage on all notes returned to the exchange for new ones. The notes are carefully counted and assorted, and counterfeits detected. The amount of counterfeits some days runs to $350. All these are punctured with the word "Counterfeit." Burnt notes are of common frequency, and great skill is re- quired in handling them. Errors are charged against the salaries of the experts. Women have proved the best experts in this di- vision. The last room is where the cancellation takes place. In bun- dles of one hundred they are cut in half. One end is sent to the Secretary's office, the other to the Eegister. When the count is verified, they are placed in the macerating machine in the presence of those appointed. The pulp is used in quantities, and made into forms and sold. "Washington Monuments," min- iature buildings, busts of public men, etc., are made from it. The Secretary's office is in the southeast corner of the build- ing, second floor. In the same corridor is the office of Chief HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 49 Clerk and Assistants. Here are portraits of the Secretaries of the Treasury. The Treasury Library is on the northwest corner of the attic. Here is found one of the finest equipped and best arranged libraries for students in the department. Great honor is due to Mrs. Kimball, who worked many years as Librarian here to make this a model library. The office of Supervising Architect of the Treasury is in the west corridor, near the south end of basement. On exhibition here are the plans and drawings of elevations of the United States public buildings. Other offices in the building are Life Saving Service, Light House Board, First and Second' Comptroller, Steamboat Inspec- tion, Commissioner of Customs and Internal Eevenue Eegister; First, Third, Fourth and Fifth Auditors, Comptroller of the Cur- rency, Director of the Mint, Bureau of Navigation, Secret Ser- vice Division and Treasurer of the United States. In 1800, November 17, the United States Congress took up its abode in the city of Washington. John Adams was President. Oliver Wolcott was Secretary of the Treasury. The Government officials from every department numbered 54 persons, including the President and Secretaries. In less than a century the growth of this Nation has been so great that, beside the enlarged struc- ture, six extensive bureaus have overflowed the bounds and have been housed elsewhere. The Bureau of Statistics, the Second Auditor, the Sixth Auditor, the Marine Hospital Service, the Coast and Geologic Survey, the Bureau of Engraving and Print- ing, and the Photographic office are all located outside. The Photographing Building of the Supervising Architect's office is in the south of the Treasury Building. In it are plans and specifications of public buildings outside of Washington. The Coast and Geodetic Survey is on New Jersey avenue, south of the Capitol. In the brownstone burlding opposite the White House, corner Pennsylvania avenue and Washington Place, is the Department of Justice and Court of Claims. Here all claims against the f™| tlce Government are adjusted. The Attorney General and his as- sistants have their offices here, and all legal advice to officers is here given. The walls of the Attorney General's office are lined Depart- ment of Court of Claims 50 COLUMBIA GUIDE with portraits of all the Attorney Generals since the foundation of the Government. There is also a fine library in this building. The State, War and Navy Building is west of the White House, south of Pennsylvania avenue, east of Seventeenth street. The building, designed by A. B. Mullet, begun in 1871, was six vears in building. It contains 566 rooms and cost $11,000,000. state It is four buildings united in one. a Na^y The State Department is in the southern front of the building. In the Library are valuable State papers. The original en- grossed copy of the Declaration of Independence and the desk on which it was written are here. The Bureau of Indexes, the Diplomatic Bureau, the Consular Bureau, the Bureau of Ac- counts, Eolls, Library and Statistics are here. Portraits of the Secretaries, from Jefferson to date, are on the walls of the ante-room to the office of Secretary of State. The Diplomatic Eeception Eoom is rich in finish and furnishings, containing portraits of many statesmen. A messenger is always ready to conduct visitors. The Department of the Bureau of American Eepublics, under- the same supervision, is located at No. 2 La Fayette Square. The east wing of the building is occupied by the Navy. The Secretary of the Navy's office is on the east side, opposite cen- tral staircase. This room is in keeping with the rest of the buildings, beautiful in finish, and contains portraits of the Sec- retaries. In the corridors are exquisite models of our battle- ships. The stairways are well worth attention, having bronze balis- ters and mahoghany hand-rail. There is a fine library connected with this department. Other rooms are occupied by the officials of the Administrative Bureau of the department. At the west end of the corridor is a collection of wax figures illustrating Continental and modern uniforms of the United States Army. The War Department occupies the we*st section of the build- ing. The office of the Secretary on the second floor, and the library of 20,000 volumes on the fifth floor, are rooms of great interest. Here will be found the offices of Adjutant, Quarter- master, Commissary, Paymaster, Engineering, War Eecords, Public Buildings and Grounds. In connection with this de-- HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 5 1 partment are the Washington Barracks or Arsenal, Soldiers' Home, Army and Medical Museum. The Interior Department Building, known as the Patent office, lies between Seventh and Mnth streets, W., and F and G streets. It is of Doric architecture, and one of the most impres- interior sire in the group of public buildings. It is 410 by 275 feet, three mlnt rt ~ stories and basement. Commenced in 1837, by Eobert Mills. Patent s The business of the bureaus, added from time to time to this de- partment, has greatly enlarged its scope. The department was organized in 1849 from the overflow of other departments. From the Department of State came the patent and census business. From the Treasury, the General Land office. From the War Department, Indian Affairs; and the Pension office from the War and Navy Departments. This department has sustained heavy losses by two fires. The fire of 1877 destroyed 87,000 models and 600,000 drawings. The pres- ent building has cost nearly two and one-half millions, and is considered fire proof. The issuing of over half a million patents has paid the cost of the building and all its expenses since its organization: Most of the patents are now represented by charts instead of models, yet the Government has models enough for all exposition purposes, showing the evolu- tion in science, as in steam, telegraphic, phonographic, naval, agricultural, etc. The first exhibit ever made by any gov- ernment of patents issued by women was by the United States Government at the Atlanta Exposition in 1895. Beside the Bureau this department has charge of the Commissioners of Railroads; Office of Education, Eighth and G streets, and the Geological Survey, Hooe Building, 1330 F street. This includes divisions of Geography, Mining, Statistics, Technology, Paelon- tology, Topography and Illustration. The Postoffice is directly south of the Patent office. Com- *j°,?* e menced 1839, finished 1867, Corinthian architecture. Benjamin Franklin was appointed General Deputy Post- master of the Colonies, 1753. Postal facilities were preserved as far as possible. When allegiance to the crown was severed, Sam- uel Osgood was the first Postmaster. The Postmaster General 52 COLUMBIA GUIDE) was recognized in Jackson's administration as an ex-officio Cab- inet Minister. Postage stamps were adopted 1847. In the Dead Letter office can be inspected the postal accounts Dead kept by Franklin when Postmaster General of the Colonies. Letter office Many unclaimed and curious articles can be seen in the Museum. Millions of letters annually come to this "mill." All are opened; valuables go into one hopper, papers into another, let- ters another, and an astounding percentage of letters with inad- equate addresses at last find their right destination. It is the most interesting part of the Postoffice. The Postoffice has- four assistant Postmaster Generals. The Sixth Auditor of the Treas- ury, who has charge of the accounts of this department, the Superintendents of the Dead Letter office and Railway Mail Ser- vice all have their offices in the building. The Money Order and Foreign Mails are in another building, Eighth and E streets. The new City Postoffice is on the corner of Penn avenue and cityPost- Eleventh street, and occupies a whole office square. It is not yet ready for use. Many of the Government offices will be in this building. The Pension Building is in the north of Judiciary Square, G street, between Fourth and Fifth streets, N. W., a fire proof brick structure. The frieze over the first story is of terra cotta, repre- senting naval and military subjects. Since 1885 all the Inaugu- ral balls have been held in the main hall. It is estimated that 60,000 people can there congregate. The Government Printing Office is on North Capitol and H streets. It is the largest office of its kind in the world. All the Govern- publications, which annually issue from Congress — the daily printing "Congressional Record, when Congress is in session; "The Execu- Office ° . tive and Judiciary" are here printed. Nearly three thousand people are employed, an annual cost of $3,500,000. The Department of Labor, under the general supervision of Carol D. Wright, collects and publishes information and statis- tics regarding labor, including all questions that will better the D ientof con clition of men and women, materially, intellectually and mor- iiaoor ally, who live by their daily earnings. Offices, National Safe Deposit Building, New York avenue and Fifteenth street. Pension Building HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 53 The Inter-State Commerce Commission examine into the inter- management of the business of all common carriers under the act commerce of February 4, 1887. All inter-State traffic is under its jurisdic- tion. Eooms, Sun Building, 1317 F street. All applicants for employment must go through an examina- tion controlled and superintended by the Commissioners, service Office, Concordia Building, Eighth and E streets. The Venezuela Boundary Commission, Sun Building, 1317 F Street. Venezuela The Navy Yard is an interesting place to visit. It is at the foot of Eighth street, S. E., terminus Pennsylvania avenue cars. Grounds were laid out 1799; opened March, 1804. Nary 1 Yard The residences of the officers surround the grounds. The Museum of Naval Belies contains many objects of interest. A cannon, cast in 1490, used by Cortez in Mexico; a small mortar, captured from Lord Cornwallis,. 1781, and numerous relics and curiosities. The large building at the right is the gun shop, where the process of gun making can be seen. Should there chance to be a vessel of war in port, permit to visit it can be ob- tained. The Marine Barracks are on Eighth street, a long row of low buildings. These are the headquarters of the Marine Corps There is a daily guard mount at 8 a. m. in summer; 9 a. m. in winter, and formal inspection on Monday, 10 a. m. Here is the residence of the famous Marine Band. Free concerts are Marille given by the band in the armory of the barracks, Mondays, 1:30 Ban-acts to 3 p. m., from January 1st to May 1st; Thursdays, on the parade, from May 1 to October, at 4 p. m. The Naval Hospital is one square north of the barracks, Ninth and E streets, S. E. The old Naval Observatory was located in University Square, obse'rVa- on what has been known since 1812 as Camp Hill, Twenty- tor y Fourth and Twenty-Fifth streets. This site overlooks "Brad- Brad ^ ocl£ dock Bock," where that General landed his troops in April, Rock 1755. The new Naval Observatory is on the Tanlytown Boad, one- half a mile north of Georgetown. Electric cars run there. Permits can be obtained by application to the superintendent of the Observatory. Visiting nights, Tuesday and Thursday. 54 COLUMBIA GUIDE New Naval Observa- tory, Present Superintendent, Com. E. L. Plrythian. The first object is to collate information that will be useful to mariners, like ex- act knowledge of latitude and longitude, the variation of the compass and knowledge of all instruments used in navigation. Corcoran Art Gal- lery NEW CORCORAN ART GALLERY. CORCORAN ART GALLERY. The old Art Gallery on Pennsylvania avenue was opened 1869. The building was the gift of W. W. Corcoran. This was the gift of his own art treasures and reserve fund amounts to $1,600,000. A new building is now ready for occupancy, Seventeenth and New York avenue, facing the "White Lot." It has a length of 265 feet on Seventeenth street and 140 on New York avenue, and 120 on E street. The only ornaments of the front are above the doorway and under the eaves of the roof, the names of the world's famous artists are inscribed. Statuary hall is 170 feet long. Pictures will be hung in the gallery on the second floor, four other large rooms and numerous smaller ones are for the ex- hibition of water colors and works of art. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 55 A lecture hall for use -when required and attached the gallery is an art school. A catalogue will be required for an intelligent study of the gallery. Open Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Sun- day, admission, 25 cents. Tuesday, Thursday and Saturdays free. Hours, 10 a. in. to 4 p. m. HOMES OF NOTED PEOPLE. Beside the homes in Washington that have become historic, there are others, the names of whose occupants have become household words. The Secretary of State, Mr. Olney, lives at No. 1640 Ehode Island avenue. Mr. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury, home is 1426 K street. Mr. Lamont, Secretary of War, ] 607 H street. Mr. Wilson, Postmaster General, 1741 Q street. Members Mr. Herbert, Secretary of the Navy, 1925 P street. ortiie ' J *' Cabinet Mr. J. Stewart Morton, Secretary of Agriculture, The Port- land. Mr. Chief Justice Fuller, 1800 Massachusetts avenue. Mr. Justice Field, 21 First street, N. E. Mr. Justice Harlan, Columbia Heights. Mr. Justice Grey, 1601 I street. Mr. Justice Brewer, 1412 Massachusetts avenue. Mr. Justice Brown, 1720 Sixteenth street. Tlie Mr. Justice Shiras, 1515 Massachusetts avenue. jwfee. Mr. Justice White, 1717 Rhode Island avenue. Mr. Justice Peckham, The Arlington. Massachusetts avenue begins at the Anacostia river, runs northwesterly through Lincoln square, Stanton square, Mt. Vernon square, where New York avenue crosses K street; through Thomas Circle, Scott, Dupont and Decatur Circle on to Rock creek. The homes of many well-known people are on this avenue. Mr. E. Francis Riggs' residence is No. 1311. 56 COLUMBIA GUIDE Mrs. Dalghren, widow of the Admiral, lives at No. 1325. Senator Cullom is at 1413. The widow of Judge Miller is at 1415. S. H. Kaufman, proprietor of the "Evening Star," is 1421. Senator Davis (Minnesota), is 1428. Senator Burrows is 1404, Louise Home, between Sixteenth street and Scott Circle, south side. The house on the north, between N street and Ehode Is- land avenue, was the home of Levi P. Morton when Vice-Presi- dent. The square on northeast corner was built by Hon. Don Cam- eron, now occupied by Mrs. D. P. Morgan, of New York. On the opposite corner the house was built by the late William Win- dom while Senator, is now the property of Charles A. Mann. Mr. Spofford, Librarian of the Congress, lives at 1621. Bishop Mr. Spof- Hearst's home is 1701. Beriah Welkin's, editor and proprietor of the Washington "Post," lives at 1709; Thomas Nelson Page, No. 1708; Senator Lodge, of Massachusetts, 1705; Chief Justice Fuller, 1800, corner Eighteenth. The house opposite Mrs. Bel- den Noble. At No. 2013 lives Charles M. Ff oulke, who is posses- sor of one of the finest collections of tapestries in the world. B. H. Warner lives at 2120. The large square brick, No. 2122, was built by the late Mrs. Patten, of Nevada. Senator Edmunds lived across the street; the house was sold to Mrs. Ulysses Grant. Her daughter, Mrs. Nellie Grant Sartoris lives with her. One of the handsome streets of Washington is K street, which runs east and west. Beginning at Seventeenth street, northeast corner stands the house built by Alexander Shepherd, known as Alexander Boss Shepherd, to whom the country is indebted for the beautiful Shepherd . _f .' J Capitol City of to-day. »r. Taiier On the opposite corner, south, is the Sanitarium of Dr. Taber Johnson's sanitar- Johnson. John M. Wilson, Superintendent of Public Grounds inm x and Buildings lives atNo. 1141. IJowrey Mansion On the corner of Vermont avenue and K street is the home of Vander- oiits the late A. W. Lowery, occupied by William Vanderbilt, of New York. Senator Sherman The home of Senator John Sherman is 1319 K street. stratii- The Strathmore Arms, home of Mary S. Lockwood is 1101 K more Arms street, corner Eleventh and K. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 57 HOMES OF LITERARY PEOPLE. Almost beside the Capitol door was tlie home of the late Mary Clemmen Ames. It was in the square now occupied by the new Library. Across the park, No. 610 New Jersey avenue, is the home of Mrs. Lippincott (Grace Greenwood). A little farther to the east, between Fifth and Sixth streets, is Maple Square, the home of Emily Edson Briggs (Olivia). Farther back than runneth the memory of man this house was built, situated in the middle of the square. The wounded from Bladenburg, 1814, were cared for under this roof. The noted novelist, Mrs. Southworth, lives at the head of Prospect avenue, Georgetown. In this vine-clad cottage many of her stories have been written. Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett's home in "Washington is 1770 Massachusetts avenue. John Flay, the poetic genius of "Pikes County Ballads," live^ at 1602 K street. Mrs. Madalin Vinton Dahlgren has been identified many years with the literary life of Washington. Her home is at the junction of Massachusetts avenue and M streets. Thomas Nelson Page lives on Massachusetts avenue, near- Seventeenth, yellow brick house. "Uncle Abe's White Folks' and other dialect stories have made Mr. Page's name famous. Mary Clemmen Arnes Grace Green- wood Emily Edsoii Briggs (Olivia) Mrs. E. D. N. Sonth- worth Frances Hodgson Burnett John Hay Madam Danlgren Thomas IVelson Page THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. The personel of the Diplomatic Corps consists of Envoys Ex- traordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, Ministers Resident, Charge d' Affairs, First Secretaries, Councillors, Chancellors,, General Secretaries, Military Attaches, Naval Attaches, Inter- preters and Translators. Ambassador is a term applied to the highest class of diplo- matic representatives. The date of the diplomatic credentials regulates the order of individual precedence in America; the segnior is known as the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. The homes of the most distin- 58 COLUMBIA GUIDE British Legation. F st cars to Conn. Ave &N st French. , 14th st cars to Thomas Circle Russian. F st cars to I st or Pa. ave cars to 18th st Mexican. 14th st cars to I st German Chinese. 14th st cars Spanish Japanese Korea Argentine Republic Hungary guished of the legations are the British, French, Mexican, Eus- sian, Chinese, Spanish and Japanese. The residence of the British Legation is one of the finest of the group, built when Sir Edward Thornton was England's Min- siter here. Stands on the corner of Connecticut avenue and ~N streets. Sir William Pauncefort represents the English Gov- ernment Ambassador. The French Legation Building is on Massachusetts avenue, Terrace No. . The representative of the Czar of All the Eussias lives in the house, 1829 I street. The Mexican Legation is one of the most attractive homes among the foreign representatives. For many years the Ee- public has been represented by Senor Don Matias Eomero, Min- ister, located 1407 I street. Germany for many years has had a permanent home for its envoy. The Legation is located' on the Terrace, No. 1435 Massa- chusetts avenue. The Chinese Legation is on Columbia Heights, 2703 Four- teenth street. The Spanish Legation is located at 1700 Twentieth street. Senor Don Enrique Dupuy De Lome, Minister. Japan has always been represented by men of oiilture and edu- cation. The Legation is 1310 N street. Korea Legation, Iowa Circle. Argentine Eepublic, No. 1521 K street. Austria-Hungary Legation, No. 1721 Ehode Island avenue. Belgium Legation, 1800 N street. Brazil Legation, 1800 N street. Chili Legation, 1319 K street. Columbia Legation, 922 Faragut Square. Costa Eica Legation, 1500 Twentieth street. Denmark Legation, 1409 Twentieth street. Guatemala Legation, 1525 Eighteenth street. Hawaii Legation, 1105 Eighteenth street. Honduras Legation, 1525 Eighteenth street. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 59 Italy Legation, 917 Eighteenth street. Netherlands Legation, No. 1013 Fifteenth street. Sweden and Norway Legation, 2011 Q street. Switzerland Legation, No. 1518 K street. Turkey Legation, No. 1802 B, street. Venezuela Legation, No. 2 Iowa Circle. SUBURBAN ATTRACTIONS. Soldier's Home. Cable or Bound- ary — 2 fares The Soldiers' Home is one of the many attractions outside of Washington proper. cars*™ The environments of Washington and the surrounding coun- yth't" 11 try in many parts are picturesque in the extreme. One that at- u^Jrom tracts many visitors is the Soldiers' Home. The tall brick building. to the right, beyond the boundary, is Howard University, a college for colored people, established Howard atter the war. S it y The Soldiers' Home is for the United States regulars or volun- teers who served in the Mexican and the late war, and for pri- vates in the. regular army. It was established in 1851 through the effort of General Winneld Scott out of funds received from the Mexicans by a levy at the time of the war. It is now main- tained partially by a monthly stipend of 12-J cents from the regu- lar soldiers. The usual number of veterans here averages about five hundred. The buildings are of the Normal style of architecture. There is a main hall or meeting room and offices, a handsome library, commodious dormitories, an hospital and chapel. A new theater has just been completed, the gift of a friend to the soldiers. The cottage west of the main building is the President's cot- tage. Presidents Pierce, Buchannan, Lincoln, Johnson, Hays and Arthur made it their summer home. The Home is under the charge of the War Department. North of the home is the National Military Cemetery; 5,500 Federal and 271 Confederate soldiers are here buried. In sight JoiinA. ° Logan of the road is the Mausoleum, wherein rests the remains of the honored statesman and soldier, John A. Logan. 6o COLUMBIA GUIDE Rock Creek CItturch Catliolic Univer- sity. Ecking- ton & Sol- dier's Home R. R. from 15tn iu duit road; both roads unite at Glen Echo and go on to Cabin Bridal Johns Bridge and Great Falls. The starting of the aqueduct is at the falls five miles from Glen Echo. The ride along the Potomac or over the hills, the suburban villas, rustic hill sides, FaiL the beautiful Potomac make this the most charming ride out of Washington. olution. 62 COLUMBIA GUIDE SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. The headquarters of the D. A. E.'s is in the Loan and Tru^t building, Ninth and F streets. This society was organized Octo- ber! of her 11, 1891, in the Strathmore Arms, Washington, D. C. It i& kaniaev- a patriotic society, organized to cherish, maintain and extend the institntions of American freedom, to foster true patriotism and love of country. Its first President was Mrs. Caroline Scott Harrison, wife of President Harrison. The second was Letetia Green Stevenson, wife of Vice President Stevenson. The third, Mrs. Mary Parke Foster, wife of Hon. John W. Poster. The fourth and present president is Mrs. Letetia Green Stevenson. THE WOMAN'S NATIONAL PRESS ASSOCIATION. This association is the oldest organization of its kind in the world, having been founded in the city of Washington in 1882. Col. 0. G. Staples has for many years generously provided n. p. a. q Uar ters at the Eiggs House for their bi-monthly meetings. The society is national in its character and women writers are wel- come. The presidents have been Mrs. Emily Edson Briggs (Olivia), Mrs. M. D. Lincoln, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood, Mrs. H. B. Sperry, Mrs. E. S. Cromwell. District of Columbia Federation of Woman Clubs, organized bia°F l ed- December, 1894, includes Woman's National Press Association, woman's Pre-Ke-Nata, District Woman's Suffrage Association, Legion of Loyal Women, Department of Potomac W. E. C, District W. C. T. U., Excelsior Literary Club, The Washington Kintergarten Club, Wimodaughsis, Woman's Bindery Union, The Lend-a- Hand Club of Baltimore. The object is to secure more thorough acquaintance, and in case of need united action. The work is general and is hospit- able to all thought affecting human welfare. President, Mary S. Lockwood, 1101 K street. The W. District Clubs Official Etiquette HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 63 The Sons of the American Bevolution and Sons of the Revolu- tion have each strong organizations in Washington. The object sons or is identical with that of the Daughters of the American Revolu- ican Rev" tion. olutloIk ' OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. Washington etiquette differs in some respects from other cities from its official character. Certain formalities that prevail in other places do not find its counterpart here. Strangers visiting the city make the first call upon the official families. Public receptions given by the President, members of the Supreme Court, Cabinet officers, Senators, members of Congress, are free to all. In a manner the official family belongs to the public, have been placed there by the people. President Washington established the order of precedence governed by the Constitution as a means toward harmony in gov- ernmental administration as well as social relations. The President ranks first in official life; in conversation he is addressed as "Mr. President"; in correspondence as ''The Presi- dent/' His excellency is not used. The Vice President ranks second by virtue of his right of succession. The Presidential Succession bill, which passed Congress Janu- ary 19, 1886, established the relative precedence of Cabinet offi- cers, but did not settle the question of social precedence between the Cabinet and the Senate. This question remains as it was left in the days when Monroe was President and John Q. Adams Sec- retary of State and a Cabinet meeting called for the purpose failed to settle the question. The succession is as follows: First, Secretary of State; second, the Secretary of the Treasury; third, the Secretary of War; fourth, the Secretary of Interior; fifth, the Secretary of Agricul- ture. The wife of the President ranks the same as her husband. She receives first calls and is not expected to return them. Custom makes it proper for other members of the family to re- turn visits. 64 COLUMBIA GUIDE It is not admissable to decline an invitation to a state dinner or any invitation of a social nature coining from the Presi- dent. Other engagements must be cancelled. If illness or death occurs, regrets have to be sent, stating reasons. The official season begins iSTew Year's Day and lasts until Ash "Wednesday, the first day of Lent. During the session of Con- gress receptions are given and all who desire can attend. Upon entrance, your name is given to the usher, who announces it to the Marshall of the District, who introduces you to the Presi- dent or wife of the President as the case may be. If to the Presi- dent. An officer of the Army, detailed for the purpose, gives the introduction to the President's wife. She in turn to the next in line. At a morning reception, a street costume is proper; at evening, full toilet is required. During the season three card receptions are given. The first is to the Diplomatic Corps; the second to the Judiciary and Con- gress, and the third to the Army and Navy and Marine Corps. Invitations for the whole series are sent at the beginning of the season. The President is assisted on these occasions by his wife, the wife of the Vice President and Cabinet ladies. It has been the custom for the last three administrations for the President to receive the public on Wednesday and Friday, at 1 o'clock in the East room. The wife of the Speaker of the House receives on Wednesdays at the same hour as the Cabinet ladies, 3 to 6. The name of each visitor is announced to the hostess by some one detailed for the purpose. Carriage, costume or street dress should be worn. Those receiving are in full dress. Cabinet ladies of late years do not call, but send cards. Foreign Ministers make the first calls on the President. The ladies of the Supreme Court, receive Mondays; Con- gressional ladies, Tuesdays; Senatorial ladies, Thursdays. Capi- tol Hill homes receive Mondays. Custom has made Tuesday, K street day; Thursday, H and I street; Friday, F and G street; Saturday, Connecticut avenue; hours, 3 to 6. HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 65 DIRECTORY. CLUBS. Army and Navy, No. 1, Connecticut avenue. Cosmes Literary and Scientific, H and Fifteenth streets. Metropolitan, H and Seventeenth streets. Woman's Washington Club, I street. Daughters of the American Eevolution, Loan and Trust cim* Building. The Federated Clubs District Columbia. President, 1101 K street. Woman's National Press Association, headquarters Riggs House. Woman's Business Club, ' Eleventh street. CHURCHES. The following are among the leading churches: Baptist, Calvary, H and Eighth streets. Christian, Vermont avenue, between N and Sixth streets. Congregational, First, G- and Tenth streets. Episcopal (Protestant), St. John's, H and Sixteenth streets. cimrci les Epiphany, G street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets. St. Andrew's; Corcoran and Eighteenth streets. Friends (Hixite), I street, between Eighteenth and Nine- teenth streets. Hebrew, Eighth, between II and I streets. Lutheran, Memorial, Fourteenth and Vermont avenue. Methodist, Foundry, G- and Fourteenth streets. Metropolitan, C and 4^ streets. Presbyterian, Covenant, Connecticut avenue and N street. First Presbyterian, 4-J street, between C and D. New York Avenue, H, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth. Eoman Catholic, St. Alloysius, Q and North Capital streets. St. Matthew's. 66 COLUMBIA GUIDE 1 Swedenborgen, ■ Eighteenth and Corcoran streets. Unitarian, All Souls', Fourteenth and L streets. Universalist, Church 6i Our Father, Thirteenth and L streets. St. Matthews, Ehode Island avenue. Parker, Bridget & Co. Progressive Clothiers, 315 7th St. We never allow ourselves to be undersold. Some merchants may offer Clothing at a lower price, but when you investigate you'll find the cloth and workmanship to be very inferior. Our Clothing is as good as the tailors' best efforts, and yet less than half their prices. We pride ourselves on the fit of our Clothing — it doesn't " draw," nor yet is it loose fitting — it's just the faultless, happy medium. Parker, Bridget & Co., Progressive Clothiers, 315 7th St. Organised March, fSpj. WASHINGTON NATIONAL Building and Loan Association WASHINGTON, D. C. Assets March, 1896, over . $1,000,000 Stock in Force, over . . . 6,500,000 ASSETS : Aug. 31, 1893, $78,021 33 Feb. 28, 1894, 162,958 22 Aug. 31, 1894, 270,072 09 Feb. 28, 1895, 409,387 99 Aug. 31, 1895, 522,772 07 Feb. 29, 1896, 691,687 90 Aug. 31, 1896, 847,952 81 March, 1897, over #1,000,000. Four Classes of Stock : Maturity Value, $100. INSTALMENT- Monthly payment, 60 cents, limited to 96 months INSTALMENT— ^-rate, " 30 " " "144 FULL PAID— Cost $100 per Share— Cash Dividend, semi-annually at 6 per cent, per annum the first two years, and 7 per cent, thereafter. PREPAID — Cost $50 per share, upon which amount a semi-annual divi- dend at 4 per cent, per annum is paid. Participates in full profits. Maturity value $100 per share. This stock is issued to meet the wants of many who are satisfied with a low rate of interest and who desire a more speedy maturity. It should mature to $100 per share in about seven or eight years, and is particularly commended to conservative investors. The original issue of prepaid stock, now at a premium of $10 per share, has been with- drawn from the market. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS! Hon. Joseph D. Taylor, President, Wm. H. Taylor, Treasurer, Hon. Robert P. Porter, Vice-President, J. C. Stoddard, Secretary, Hon. James T. Dubois, 2d Vice-President, Hon. T. H. Anderson, General Manager and Counsel. H. Bradley Davidson, Hon. R. e;. Doan, Hon. George F. Huff, Jesse B. Wilson, Theodore A. Harding, William H. Taylor. For further information, Investors and Agents who can get business without mis" representation should address J. C. STODDARD, Secretary, 12TH AND G STREETS, N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. J. D. TAYLOR, PRESIDENT T. H. ANDERSON, Vice-president WM. OSCAR ROOME, CASHIER F. A. SEBRING, Assistant Cashier Ml 1 M. A Corner of G and 12th Streets, N. W. WASHINGTON; D. C. Accounts of Mercantile Firms and Individuals, as well as Banks and Bankers, are solicited and will receive careful attention. We issue Bills of Exchange on all the principle cities of the world. Our facilities for handling collections are unsurpassed. Attention is invited to our safe deposit vault, containing boxes of all sizes at reasonable rental. opton (§>. ^>tout ^ (® o. Merchant Tailor i 20 i F Street, N. W .... FINE TAILORING AT MODERATE .... PRICES "Business Suits from $10 to $35 Morning Suits from $15 to $43 Prince Albert Suits from $20 to $45 Full Dress Suits from $25 to $50 *AAAAAi j\ ."- *V* *V* 'V* -V- 'V- -V* »V- -V- -«V 'A* -A- %V %V %V *..• ■«•• *«V * * ■' AT STOLL'S Fashionable Footwear at popular prices Nowhere else in Washington can such pleasing styles be seen in such variety as here. No- where else are the prices so low. Nowhere else can the famous " Stoll " qualities be obtained. Shoes for the family — from the baby up. Shoes that will please — Shoes that will wear. STOLL'S, "810" SEVENTH r ~ ' =— E 1 Strangers in Washington Seeking Stationery Can find exactly what they want -in quality the finest, and prices- far below that usually quoted elsewhere for similar grades of goods. Anything and everything in the line of fine and medium grade papers — the product of world-famous makers. Books, Perodicals Everything that's new — that's standard - lately issued — or pub- lished -some time ago — in Fiction, Science, Poetry, Travels, &c. In fact, the whole dominion of literature is represented. Mention this advertisement and receive 20 per cent, discount from regular prices. f STATIONERY, ENGRAVING AND DECKER'S \ B00KS I 1111 F Street, N. W. Every Class of Engraving Work Performed . TLe Cn&ndlee Wire Fence. No tools necessary. Anyone can erect it. 9 strand fence 40c a rod. 6 strand fence 25c a rod. STRONG, DURABLE, HOG TIGHT. BIG MONEY FOR AGENTS. ADDRESS, CH&NDLEE FENCE COMPANY, 906 F Street, Washington, D. C. PATENTS PROCURED AND SOIyD. The United States Patent Soliciting and Trading Co. 904-906 F STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C. SOLICITORS AND EXPERTS We advertise and sell patents taken out by us. Write for illustrated book on patents and list of what to in vent. Send! sketch or niodel and we will tell you if you can get a patent. Wo charge for selling patents until sold. "The Fi^st" ,-;v""tn rsTER House W.H'.yt'OMAM, p » op . Bro. B. P. O. E., No. ij, Washington, D. C. Designs Furnished Interior Plain Painting Geo. F. W. Strieby & Son FRESCO AND DECORATIVE ARTISTS Room JO ♦ . . ♦ UJ4 F Street, N.W. National Carpet Cleaning Works Churches, Halls and Ball ^ Rooms Decorated ^ for Weddings, Balls, &c. opk§: p\o. 17 © d>tpeef, p\. Awnings and Window Shades General Upholstering Office: 1114 F Street, N. W. TH0MA5 KEELY, Proprietor The Strathmore Arms 1101 K Street, Washington, D. C. Favorably Known to Senators and Members Rooms Ensuite or Single with Board M. S. LOCKWOOD Furniture Bought, /•w i ■% i i - ^ t t u,a riattresses Sold and Exchanged ***«y«*& and Mattressess Made to Order Old riattresses Hade Over The Exchange Furniture Co. DEALERS IN NEW AND SECOND-HAND CARPETS CLEANED FURNITURE The Exchange Furniture Co. GEO. JOHNSON j. p. horbach 1331 and 1333 H Street, N. W. Columbia Bicycles BICYCLE ACADEMY Corner 22d and P Streets BEST INSTRUCTORS IN CITY MUSIC EVERY EVENING. SPECIAL ENTERTAINMENT SATURDAY NIGHTS. PINE ILLUSTRATIONS * * * By Every Process For All Purposes The Cuts in this Guide Book are specimens of our work. Write for Prices and Speci- mens e^e^eM^e^s^s^eMe^ The Maurice Joyce Engraving Co* 4J4 JJth St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Harrisburg Publishing Company 3 ^m Book and Job tz m PRINTERS I r PUBLISHERS "Notes and Queries" Central Pennsylvania History and Genealogy • • • SEND FOR ESTIMATES • • • HARRISBURQ, PENNA. M W J1^ ARNEY AAiAAAA4AA*AAAA T V ^ T TTfTTVyTyV'VTfTTT<'>VVT¥yT ftAAAiAAAA 4 AAAA*<-UiAA .!•« >. 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