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TXriTXX 
 
 EDWARD POLLOCK'S COMPLIMENTS 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 fX presenting tJiisi voliiuic to the public, the Publishers are fully con- 
 scious of its many short-comings. It possesses, hozoe^'er, one deeideil 
 tnerit, nauu'ly : its fidelity to fact. 
 
 The object of the loork is to present to the outside loorld a fray^mentary 
 
 •Hirrative of such events as, from time to time, hare concurred i)i framing 
 
 ■'■•hbitro's social, political and commercial history ; setn'ng fjrth those 
 
 "''■■r adi'antages wh-eh s/ie no:o offers to those leho have either capital 
 ^ ■•..»/■.'." ;.•■ invest, ami eorroboratiny its statements ivit/i statistics taken 
 jr-:: .'■. :>::: . ' records. 
 
 .; • . /. ." ,■ ;■, l-ite rears, has becomr the custom op " booming" certain 
 localiin. . .'./' / ' ■.' re al'eged local historians — loith a single eye to tlie salt 
 of their litt, .-'-y \ p:\a) colons by means (f gmtifyiiig the vairty of tlieir 
 subseribeis at ', ..i/v.-.vc :■'' their oion leiacit] — that the Publishers of 
 this Sketch Book h.r\- d.e'-ud i: -iser, and better calculated to promote the 
 public good, to suppri^:- ■ ', ' jivn " cacoethes scribendi," and to rely, 
 rather, upon the disi'iteresh ' opinions of recogni::ed aiit/iorities, ivho have 
 had occasion, in their official capacities or othenoise, to treat heretofore of 
 the same subjects. 
 
 The following pages will tliereforc be found to contain many quotations 
 and extracts, which the Publishers have been at much pains to collect and 
 compile, and which they believe zvill prove alike interesting to the reader 
 and 7'aluable to t/ie community. 
 
 To all those wJio have kindly rendered their assistance — zvhether in the 
 form of counsel, encouragement or material support — the Publishers beg to 
 tender their sincere thanks. 
 
 Lynxhburg, Va.. May 1st, lSb7. 
 

 iji '»;■> ^ . ',61 • ' - "f, |V| • '1 
 
 ^ v* -'i 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^X^^Mi 
 
 
 
 iMtiltiilJa&kji 
 
Sketch Book 
 
 .ie 
 
 -OF 
 
 LYNCHBURG, VA 
 
 ITS- 
 
 PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 KDWARD l^OLLOCK and S. C. JUDSON. 
 
 EDWARD POLLOCK, Compiler and Editor. 
 
 LYNCHBURG, VA. : 
 Pkintkd hy The Virginian Job Printino House, 
 
 18«7. 
 

 C 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in tho ■ ■ ir 1*- -7. 
 
 By EDWARD POLLOCK, PoRTsyrnTH. » > . 
 
 In the olTice of the Librarian of Congros. vVi.s„ = ! ^i. ;i. D. C. 
 
 , <? p 7 
 
LYNCHBURG 
 
 -Ma 8 B 7ji^ 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 ^^ YNCHBURG, the principal inland City of \'irL,nnia, lies on tlie 
 ■J '-•> northern boundarj' of Campbell County, being situated on the 
 Tr^- south bank of the James River, about one hundred and twenty 
 miles above the head of tide-water navigation at Richmond, and two 
 hundred and fifty miles above the point at which this noble and ma- 
 jestic stream empties its waters into Hampton Roads, at the mouth of 
 Cliesapeake Bay. The Cit\' is exactly midway between the magnifi- 
 cent harbor of Norfolk and Portsmouth — unequalled on the Atlantic 
 seaboard — and the Tennessee boundary line at ]^ristol, from each of 
 which points it is distant two hundred and four miles b\' the Norfolk 
 S: Western Railroad. 
 
 Like the Eternal City. Lynchburg stands upon se\en liills, which 
 give it a highly picturesque appearance, besides affording it abundant 
 facilities for perfect drainage. From the bold and irregular character 
 of its foundations it derives its sobriquet, " The Hill City." It is also 
 known as "The Tobacco Cit}'," from the fact of its central position in 
 the district chiefly devoted to the production of the best grades of this 
 " bewitching vegetable," which forms its principal article of conmiercc 
 and manufacture. It is copiously supplied with water by large reser- 
 voirs, as well as b}' numerous bold springs. Pure soft w ater is also easily 
 procurable by wells of moderate depth. The City is lighted through- 
 
O SKElCIl [!(30K OF LVNCII I!LR( .. VA. ; 
 
 out by cicctricit)-, dnd the '' Gamewcll " I-"ire Alarm and Southern Hell 
 lelephone systL-nis are in use. The ])rincij)al streets aie well pa\ed 
 with i^ianite blocks, and a line of street cars almost encircles the busi- 
 ness portion of the Cit\-, and extends a mile beyond its southwestern 
 limits, to the I'air Groumls. This line is now loeing len,<;tiiened, and, 
 w hen fim'shed, will form a complete circuit, passing within easy reach 
 ot all the principal thoroughfares in the City and suburbs. 
 
 The numerous handsome factories and stores, mills and warehouses, 
 ciiurches and public buildings, give to tiie City a business-like and 
 substantial aspect, while the many graceful residences which crown 
 the hills and adorn the numberless eligible sites in the City and its 
 suburbs, bespeak alike the wealth and refined taste of the population 
 generally. 
 
 SCKXF.RY. 
 The surroundings of Lynchburg are peculiarly romantic and beau- 
 tiful. To the South and l^^ast, far as the eye can reacli, the landscape 
 may be described as irregularly undulating, \aried liere and there bv 
 gently sloping hills and fertile \a!es, and relie\'ed by an occasional 
 remnant of pruiieval forest. On the Northeast, the view is bounded 
 b)' the bluff-, or " Heights" of the neighboring County of Amherst, 
 past whose feet the broad and rapid James, s[)anned at and near this 
 point by se\eral dams and bridges, hastens with its message of greet- 
 ing from the mountain . to the sea. To the northward, at a distance 
 of about twent}' miles to their base, the I^lue Ridge !\h)untains rise in 
 gentle grandeur and in varying height, visible, in clear weather, for 
 se\-enty-five miles along the range, and culminating, at their south- 
 western extremity, in the far famed Peaks of Otter, towering skyward 
 in their matchless stateliness and symmetr}'. 
 
 I X L) U ST R I A L A D V A NT A G KS . 
 
 The geographical [position of the City is such as to give it extra- 
 ordinary manufacturing an<i commercial advantages. Three great 
 railroad lines, ha\iiig connections which afford easy and direct access 
 to e\ery section of the United .States, intersect here; while other 
 roads, of a moie local character, \/ill short!\- malce this their terminus. 
 
 W ith a water power capable of meeting an\' jiossible requirement, 
 the City offers special inducements to the investment of brains and 
 capital in various kinds of industrial enterprise. 
 
IT,-- PEOPLE AND PIS TRADE. 7 
 
 The development of the vast mineral wealth of the neighboring ter- 
 ritory is as }'ct in its infancy, but it is already known to be practicall)' 
 inexhaustible. Coal of the best qualit)- is also abundant and cheap, 
 while the products of the farm and forest are rich, plentiful and varied. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 The topograph}' of the Cit\' and surrounding cou.itry, its elevation 
 above the sea — over 500 feet on the river bank- — and the purity of 
 its atmosphere, make this climate singularly health)', and especially 
 beneficial to invalids. There are no marshes or stagnant pools, and 
 the neighborhood is entire]}' free from malarial disorders. The win- 
 ters are short and mild, seldom of more than three months' duration, 
 and arc generally dry and pleasant. Snow seldom lies here longer 
 than a few days, and there is but little interruption to agricultural 
 pursuits during the entire winter. The heat of summer, which is 
 nexer extreme, is tempered by the delicious southwest breezes and 
 the cool sweet air from the neighboring mountains. The nights are 
 alwa^'s balmx' and refreshing, and the days rarelv oppressive. 
 
 During the summer months, near the eastern base of the Blue 
 Ridge Mountains, there are more frequent showers than in any other 
 part of Virginia. The explanation of this is to be found in the fact 
 that the pre\-ailing wind at that season comes direct from the sea, 
 and its moisture, when driven against the mountain barrier, meets with 
 a colder stratum of air and becomes condensed, thus producing the 
 welcome showers which refresh and invigorate the growing crops, 
 while in less fa\ored sections the ground remains parched and dry. 
 
 The mean temperature of Piedmont \"irginia, which, as its name 
 implies, lies at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and near the 
 centre of which the Cit}' of L}'nchburg is situated, is stated by Col. 
 Randolph Harrison, Commissioner of Agriculture, in his Hand Book of 
 Virginia, published last \-ear (1886), to be as follows : annual, 53/; 
 winter; 44; summer, 78; while the rainfall is placed at "32 to 44 
 inches." In reference to this Di\ision of the State, Col. Harrison 
 writes : "For beauty of landscape, \ariety of scener\-. native ferti!it\- of 
 soil, water courses contributing to practical benefit as well as to beauty 
 of scenery, this section is surpassed by few, if any, other sections in 
 the United States." 
 
 And Dr. Ellzey, of Washington, D. C. , in an Address before the 
 
8 sKK.rcn [!()i)K OF lvn(:hi?[."kg, v.\. ; 
 
 SoutJicrn Associatioi, says: "In its plu'sica! features, picturesque and 
 lovely to an unusual degree; in climate, temperate and healthful, in 
 the abundance and \ariety of its productions, unsurpassed; in all 
 that makes life desirable and home what it should be, there is no 
 place in this world which surpasses Piedinont Virginia — there are 
 very few which come near it." 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 The greater part of Campbell County, however, belongs, from a 
 geological standpoint, to that one of the " Grand Di\isions '" of the 
 State known as " Middle X'irginia; " and of this Col. Harrison writes, 
 as follows : 
 
 " Here is the great tobacco region of Virginia — the lands of the 
 upper and lower Jurassic period or new red sandstone being especially 
 adapted to the finer qualities. The formation is identical with that of 
 Lancaster County, Pa. and the lower Connecticut V^alley. where the 
 cultivation of seed leaf tobacco has enriched the community to an al- 
 most incredible degree. 
 
 "Middle Virginia is an undulating country — hills, table-lands and 
 intervales — living springs and never-failing water courses evervwhere. 
 The soils vary greatly — the bottom-lands generally very fertile, and 
 the up-lands are often very productive, especially when the rocks con- 
 tain epidote and s )me varieties of horn blende. 
 
 " The productions of this region are varied. Tobacco has been 
 mentioned as the staple of a large part of this Division of the State, but 
 its rultivation is by no means universal — in many counties it is not 
 grown at all. Everywhere the cereals and fruits of temperate climates, 
 notably the apple and grape, grow in perfection ; and while we have 
 not yet reached the grazing sections proper, we find clover, timothy, 
 orchard and other gra.sses growing here and there in great lu.xuriance ; 
 and they show a natural adaptation to grass, which, however, so far 
 from having been encouraged, has persistently been thwarted — fought 
 against — from the first settlement of the country until recently. 
 ' killing grass ' has been the object kept steadily in view in growing 
 tobacco and Indian corn, and, with the large force of slaves inhabiting 
 this region, was so effectually done, that it came to be believed by 
 many that the valuable forage and pasture grasses would not grow 
 here, despite the fact that ' blue grass ' — poa com[)ressa(the true ' blue 
 grass ' ) — the identical grass which is so highly valued in Fauquier and 
 Loudoun f )r making fat pastures — is the grass which has given the 
 planters most trouble to keep under ; which has made such a struggle 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 9 
 
 for existence that it has never been extirpated in this region ; but, 
 where it has half an opportunity, will assert its rights and will take 
 possession of the land, crowding out wheat, or whatever may, at the 
 time, be in occupancy. 
 
 "Clover has long been successfully grown here; and the idea that 
 timothy, orchard, etc., would not succeed, has been disproved by the 
 logic of facts. There is scarcely a county in this region in which there 
 are not meadows that would compare favorably with the best any- 
 where; few though they be, they demonstrate the possibility. The 
 
 
 V-A^ -<• *■ 
 
 -^^:.^w. 
 
 
 
 ■■"-Mfea*,**,^^^ 
 
 ---=Ui'&^-.^ 
 
 SIXTH STllEET BRIDGE AND UNION DEPOT. 
 (from black water creek.) 
 
 renovation of this healthful and most improvable region will be 
 brought about by clothing a large portion of the country with^meadow 
 and pasture grasses. " 
 
 FOREST GROWTH. 
 
 "The 'Sylva' gradually changes as we ascend from the Tidewater 
 Division to Piedmont. The cypress disappears, the long-leaf pine 
 ceases to grow after the first tier of counties is passed, and the cedar 
 
]0 S'KETCIJ nOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 and holly, the gum and willow oak, become more and more infrequent. 
 The short-leaf, or hard yellow pine, fm-nishes its valuable timber in 
 every y^art of Middle Virginia, but does not take exclusive possession 
 of large tracts of land as in Tidewater, except where it is found as 
 'second growth' on lands which have been cultivated and then turned 
 out to grow up again. There it takes the place of the genuine * lob- 
 lolly,' or old field pine of Tidewater — the long-leaf variety — the ' pinus 
 taeda' of botanists. In the forests of Middle Virginia the pine (short- 
 leaf, )-ellow and two other varieties too rare to deserve a description) 
 grows along with the various oaks, the tulip tree, hickory, walnut, 
 locust, maple, ash and other timber of minor importance ; and, on the 
 streams, sycamore, beech, birch, willow and maple. At some distance 
 from the mountains we again find chestnut in large quantities. In 
 fine, the forest growth of this section is of singular variety, beauty and 
 value." 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 "The mineral resources of this region are very great. Besides the 
 coal of the mesozoic areas of Richmond and Farmville, this country 
 yields go'd, silver, copper and iron ores in great variety and abund- 
 ance, and, for architectural purposes, fine gray granite, gneiss, and 
 brown stone, Potomac or brecciatcd marble, and the finest slate for 
 roofing purposes; also mica, kaolin and asbestos and limestone. 
 
 "The veins of iron ore are numerous, some of the magnetic ores 
 having a thickness of four feet ; the beds of hematite ore, particularly 
 those upon either border of the belt, as along James river, where it 
 runs oarallel with it, and in the 'Wilderness,' near the Rappahannock, 
 are very thick and extensive. The first succes.sful furnaces in 
 America, those of the colonial Governor Spotswood, were supplied 
 from the latter beds. 
 
 "There are also large beds of this ore where the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio railway crosses the belt. In this vicinity the valuable sulphurets 
 of iron and' copper are found, and there will soon be large sulphuric 
 acid works and a manufactory of fertilizers here, turning out copper 
 and iron as by-products. 
 
 "The slates of the middle country are excellent for all purposes, 
 notably those of l^uckingham and Amher.st counties. In Buckingham 
 they have been long and extensively quarried for roofing, flagging, 
 mantles, &c. The sandstone of the imposed ' middle secondary ' 
 are valuable for building purposes, as are also the ' brownstones ' of 
 the red sandstone, which are extensively quarried at Manassas. The 
 infusorial earth, so abundant in Richmond, is valuable as a poHshing 
 material." 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. li 
 
 RAILROADS, 
 
 ''This country is favored in respect of means of transportation, 
 railroads penetrating it in every direction The great ' Coast Line," 
 which passes through the State from Washington to Weldon close to 
 the divide between Middle Virginia and Tidewater, almost on the line 
 between the archsean and the tertiary formations — sometimes in one 
 and sometimes in the other — belongs equally to both. From Wash- 
 ington and Alexandria ray out the Washington, Ohio & Western, and 
 the Virginia Midland, with its various branches ; from Fredericksburg, 
 the narrow gauge to Orange C. H.; from Richmond, the Chesapeake 
 & Ohio stretches out throngh Henrico, Hanover and Louisa into Pied- 
 mont, and thence to the Ohio and beyond ; and the Alleghany, along 
 the beautiful valley of James River through Middle Virginia into Pied- 
 mont and Appalachia. The Richmond & Danville road penetrates 
 this part of Virginia for a hundred and fifty miles before passing into 
 North Carolina, and sends out a branch at Keysville and another at 
 Sutherlin. The Brighthope road from Bermuda Hundred taps the 
 coal region at Clover Hill, twenty-odd miles away. At Petersburg, 
 the Norfolk & Western road passes from Tidewater into Middle 
 Virginia, and, after a course of more than a hundred and tv/enty miles 
 in this Division, strikes out Southwest through Piedmont and the Valley 
 to the Tennessee line at Bristol. The Atlantic & Danville is in course 
 of construction from the point to which it is now completed. Hicks- 
 ford, in Green.sville County, to Danville and beyond ; and the Southern 
 link of the Virginia Midland extends from Lynchburg to Danville, with 
 a branch from Elba Station into Franklin county. All these roads 
 intersect this Division of Virginia, and there are others projected, and 
 probably soon to be built." 
 
 HYGIENE. 
 
 " Except in limited localities, in and near certain water courses, 
 where malarial diseases prevail to some extent, this is an exceptionally 
 healthy region, perhaps as favorable to longevity as any part of 
 America — we might almost say, of the ivorld.'' 
 
 To this official statement may be added the singular and important 
 fact that on no single occasion has infectious or contagious disease of 
 any kind ever gained a foothold or assumed an epidemic form in the 
 City of Lynchburg. Sporadic cases have of course appeared, from 
 time to time, but they have never been known to spread here. Indeed 
 it would seem that the climate of this favored region is fatal to nothing 
 save only disease and pestilence, while to all else its effects are emi- 
 nently stimulating and wholesome. 
 
12 SKETCH BO;>K OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 THE BLUE RIUGE REGION. 
 
 As Lynchburg lies within twenty miles of the base of the Blue 
 Ridge Mountains proper, and upon the plateau known cs the "sub 
 range" at an average elevation of 700 feet, or thereabouts, above the 
 tidewater level, the following information with regard to the sanatory 
 properties of this climate will doubtless prove of interest to the reader 
 
 Major Jed. Hotchkiss, in The Virginias, ]\\\\q^ 1884, says: 
 
 "We would call attention to the fact that the Blue Ridge region in 
 Virginia is, as can be proven by the testimony of consumptives fully 
 restored to health, the best Sanitarium in the United States east of the 
 Mississippi. The sheltered eastern slopes of the long stretch of that 
 mountain range in Virginia, above the line of 1,000 feet of elevation 
 above the ocean level and under that of 2,500. cffers hundreds of 
 localities for health resorts for people afflicted with pulmonary dis- 
 eases, that surpass any other that we know of or have read of. Dur- 
 ing the past thirty-six years the writer has frequently recommended 
 this region to persons having such diseases, and in every case where 
 the advice was followed, a restoration to health has resulted. If any- 
 one is sceptical about the efficacy of the Blue Ridge air, water and 
 exercises, as remedial agents for lung troubles, let him spend a few 
 months at some point in this belt, and we will make him the referee 
 lo sustain the opinion here advanced. A ycung man from Vermont, 
 a victim of this especially fearful New England disease, took his advice 
 and spent the winter of 1882-83 there, and went away with restored 
 health that still continues. We could name other cases. 
 
 " About the best such people could do would be to buy a few acres 
 of the Sunward dry air slope of the Blue Ridge in Virginia, and busy 
 themselves raising grapes and other fruits while inhaling health and 
 strength. There are at least 200,000 acres of such .sanitary country 
 for occupation, room for 20,000 people with ten acres for each, and 
 none of it remote from railways or markets; and here, too, is the 
 region for building up extensive establishments for health and pleasure 
 that willhave a large all-the-year-round patronage." 
 
 General McDonald, editor of the Industrial South, referring to the 
 above, says : 
 
 " \\q may say that we have some personal knowledge of the 
 particular locality mentioned, and from our own observation are quite 
 inclined to acquiesce in the opinion of Major Hotchkiss. Among 
 others whom we met at Afton (in this belt) was a very intelligent and 
 pleasant gentleman in the government service at Washington, from 
 whom we learned that, being subject to rhuematism, he thought it 
 well, before determining where he would spend his summer vacation, 
 to consult the Signal Bureau — the desideratum being a dry atmos- 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 13 
 
 phcre. The officers examined their records, and reported to him 
 that the dryest mountain atmosphere of which they had knowledge 
 was at a place on the Blue Ridge called Afton — of which he had 
 never before heard — and his experience had attested the correctness 
 •of the advice that sent him there. So dry is the atmosphere that a 
 newspaper spread on the grass at night shows no sign of moisture 
 next morning, although the night is much cooler than the day/" 
 
 PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 
 The reports of the Standing Committees of the City Council for 
 
 FIREMEN'S MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN. 
 
 (ON CnURCH STREET, AT FOOT OF COURT HOUSE DILL.) 
 
 the fiscal years ending P^ebruary ist, 1884, 1885, 1886 and 1887, re- 
 spectively, furnish some very interesting matter relative to the various 
 departments of the Municipal Government. It will be seen at a glance 
 that the City Fathers are fully alive to the wisdom, if not the necessity, 
 of a liberal and progressive policy as regards public improvements of 
 all kinds, while a closer examination will disclose the fact that the 
 bonded debt of the City — always within the limits permitted by the 
 
14 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 charter — has increased but Httle, comparatively speaking, despite the 
 large outlay necessitated by the grand results. 
 
 The following is from the Report of the Finance Committee for 
 the year ending February ist, 1<S84: 
 
 " The Water Works, with its ponderous nmchinery, lifting water 
 ^50 feet, has supplied the whole City with water. The truss, convey- 
 ing water across Blackwater Creek, was erected at great cost, and your 
 Reservoir on Clay Street stands as sponsor for $50,000 well spent. 
 
 " Then, too, you no longer wait for the application of human muscle 
 to the Court House bell to give the alarm of that dreaded element, 
 fire. Electricity holds the hammer in check, ever ready to respond to 
 a simple touch given to a wire in any quarter of the City. You have, 
 in a word, organized (through the zeal and public spirit of the able 
 gentlemen composing the Board of Fire Commissioners) a Department 
 second to that of no city in America. You have improved your pub- 
 lic buildings, adding to some here and erecting new ones there — nota- 
 bly your fire stations and improvement to the Court House, Jail and 
 Alms House. The avenues of approach to the City have not been 
 neglected, as can be seen by a passing glance at Grace Street and its 
 continuation ; Cabell Street, too, and then others still in contemplation. 
 The sewers of the City, too, have not been overlooked ; much money 
 not appropriated in the annual ordinance was expended for sewerage, 
 in order to preserve the health of your constituents. So far, then, 
 have you gone in the way of public improvements, and there is, so far 
 as your Committee is advised, but one verdict ; certainly there is no 
 complaint because it has been done. It is true some adverse criticism 
 attended the organization of the Fire Department and the construction 
 of the fire alarm telegraph. Subsequent events have hushed this, and 
 the wisdom of your action can no longer be questioned. 
 
 * :): * =i' * * * 
 
 "Your Charter permits you to issue bonds to an amount equal to 
 eighteen per cent, of the real and personal property — taxable values — 
 of the City. In comparing \'our debt with that of other Virginia 
 cities of last year, we find — 
 
 The debt of Alexandria was 23 per cent, of its taxable values. 
 
 Danville "19 " " " " 
 
 Norfolk " 17 
 
 '* " Petersburg " 12)^ " " 
 
 " " Richmond "12 " " 
 
 " " L\'nchburg "11 " " 
 
 * * * ^ * :{; * 
 
 " It is proper to state that the City has not a dollar of floating debt." 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 15 
 
 F'rom the Report of the City Engineer: 
 
 "Within a few past years a wonderful chans^e has been wrought 
 in the character and efficiency of the water works; a new pump 
 house has been erected, three powerful water engines are in position, 
 a new reservoir nearly completed, and the distributive pipe system ex- 
 tended in different directions — probably a little beyond the limit of a 
 prudential consideration. An appreciative public has not failed to 
 commend such successful efforts, and will continue to do so as long 
 as we can revel in the enjoyment of an abundant water supply for do- 
 mestic purposes, for gushing fountains, and other privileges, even the 
 use of water for motive power. 
 
 RUINS OF THE OLD QUAKER MEETING HOUSE. 
 
 (on SALEM TURNPIKE.) 
 
 " The Street Department has exhibited remarkable activity during 
 the past year, and more permanent works have been executed than 
 during any preceding year since the incorporation of the City." 
 
 From the Report of the Committee on Water: 
 
 "The Committee has the most gratifying announcement to make 
 to the City Council that the water has not been turned off the city 
 for a single hour during the past year. Occasional repairs in different 
 sections of the corporation have caused a suspension, for a few hours, 
 of the supply, but the quantity in storage has been ample for all the 
 needs of the consumers for nearly two years, or since March 3, 
 1882." 
 
l6 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 JOSEPH COHN, 
 
 LYNCHBURG'S LEADING AND ONLY 
 
 One-Price Clothier, Tailor, Furnisto aod Hatter. 
 
 IMPRESS THESE FACTS ON YOUR iVilND : 
 
 [offer you the Largest Stocl' in tlie State to select from. 
 
 I name the Lowest Prices, and have hut One-Price for 
 Mveryhocly. 
 
 Specialist in Fine Clothiny for Men, Youths, Boys and 
 Children. 
 
 Sole agent for this city of Juiox' World- Eenowned Derby 
 and Silk Hats. 
 
 824, 826 and 828 Main Street, 
 
 LYNCHBURG, - VIRGINIA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 17 
 
 From the Report of the Committee on Fire: 
 
 ''An entire reorganization of the Fire Department has taken place 
 during the last twelve months, and instead of a volunteer, a paid or- 
 ganization has been established, and the cost of maintaining the latter 
 has increased immensely ; but the greater efficiency is thought to be 
 commensurate with the expense. March the 16, 1883, an ordinance 
 was passed, appointing three Fire Commissioners, one from each 
 ward, whose duty it was to organize a paid department ; and the 
 
 MR. JOSEPH COHN'S CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 (corner of main and ninth streets.) 
 
 manner and means adopted by that Commission, and the abundant suc- 
 cess which has crowned its efforts, has been attested by all who passed 
 through the trying ordeal of last Fall, when there seemed to be a sys- 
 tematic attempt to burn the City. Every night, and frequently twice 
 in one night, fires were kindled by the hands of an incendiary. All 
 praise is due the new Department for preventing immense loss of prop- 
 erty and probable loss of life in that awful emergency." 
 
16 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 I^^'om the Chief I'ngineer of the Fire Department: 
 
 "Since the organization of this force, the Gamevvell Fire Alarm 
 System has been introduced. * * '■' * 
 
 "To say that this system of alarm has proven very satisfactory, and. 
 so far as its jurisdiction extends, is a complete success, I pay but a 
 small tribute to its inestimable worth and pre-eminence over all other 
 methods, indicating, as it does instantly, the location, or thereabouts, 
 of a fire, thereby enabling the Department to repair to it immediately. 
 It has been the means of saving much property." 
 
 From the Report of the Committee on Schools: 
 
 " It is gratifying to your Committee to be able to report that the 
 Public Schools of the city are in a prosperous and improved condition. 
 
 " The increase in the number of pupils attending during the last 
 scholastic year was great — much greater than the increase in the school 
 population of the city. The attendance was more regular and prompt, 
 and the standard of scholarship higher than in any previous year." 
 
 From the Report of the Committee on Police: 
 
 " Your Committee takes pleasure in again testifying to the admira- 
 ble management of the Board of Police Commissioners. The City was 
 never better served than it has been during the period under review, 
 and consequently your Committee has no recommendations to offer 
 for the coming year." 
 
 In the Reports for the year ending February ist, 1885, appear the 
 following: 
 
 P^'om the Committee on Sewers: 
 
 " The first annual report of your Committee on Sewers is presented 
 under circumstances, as we conceive, of considerable encouragement. 
 Only one year has elapsed since the organization of this Department, 
 during which time the results of its operations will compare favorably 
 with similar work executed during any preceding year, when this 
 branch of the publicwork was combined with the Street Department. 
 
 "Over 2,200 yards, or \ }( miles, of terra cotta pipes have been 
 laid in various places. The Eighth Street culvert has been extended 
 140 feet, and the old sewers have been repaired wherever necessary." 
 
 From the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department : 
 "In submitting this, my second Annual Report of the operations 
 and progress of this Department for the past year, it is with much 
 pleasure, not unmingled with pride, that I point to our Fire Record, 
 showing, as it docs, the very small loss within its fire limits of $5,- 
 156,30. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 19 
 
 " Our city may well feel proud of its superb water supply. Even 
 during the past summer, when cities over the entire Union were 
 clamoring for water, our reservoirs never failed, an abundance was to 
 
 be had during the whole time, and effective streams were obtainable 
 from all plugs without the use of engine, e.xcept those on level with the 
 highest reservoir." 
 
 From the Committee on Schools : 
 
 " We are pleased to be able to report that your Public Schools have 
 never been in a more prosperous condition. 
 
 There has been a wreat 
 
20 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 F. C. BRO\A^N, 
 
 ■Tt-. ' EiV.O-Tt^'n'^H I T-lT^ i^ ^1 ' i~ i' J -M'-T rpu.iT'g- a-f aTi^ ^neT- i !.-:^^in; Ti< TT ^j;TT>^-'^7^Fftr^F^4pl-r^iM>^°T>-<*r..riLirB.T>.ir^^ 
 
 OILS. 
 
 oo 
 
 1314, 1316, 1318, 1320 Jefferson St., 
 LYNCHBURG, - VIRGINIA. 
 
 (ESTABLISHED IN 1815.) 
 THE OLDEST BUSINESS HOUSE IN THE CITY. 
 
 n 
 
 , SON I ieeh: 
 
 (Successor to E. J. Folkes and Polkes & Winston.) 
 
 620 and 622 Main Street, 
 
 LYNCHBURG, - VIRGINIA, 
 
 ftCANUPACTUKERS OP AND DEALERS IN 
 
 PUBIIITUe[JllTTR[SS[UNOClRSOFALL^INOS. 
 
 WE ALWAYS KEEP ON HAND A LINE OP 
 
 FINE PARLOR AM) CHAMBER SUITS, SIDEBOARDS AND EXTENSION 
 
 TABLES, AND FINE FANCY TABLES AND PEDESTALS, LADIES' 
 
 DESK AND PARLOR CABINETS, IN WALNUT, 
 
 MAHOGANY AND ANTIi^UE OAK. 
 
 jgiS^Oiir prices cannot be beaten, and it will pay yon to call and examiue our stock be- 
 fore purchasing elsewhere. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 21 
 
 increase in attendance within the last year; a steady improvement in 
 the system of instruction and the average standard of scholarship at- 
 tained by the pupils. At a Convention of all the City and County 
 School Superintendents of the State, just held in Richmond, our 
 schools have taken nearly all the first medals and certificates of dis- 
 tinction awarded for excellence. " 
 
 From the Committee on Police : 
 
 " Since our last annual report there have been no changes whatever 
 in the administration of the Police Department. The service has been 
 thoroughly efficient and satisfactory, and no recommendations are con- 
 sidered necessary." 
 
 From the Mayor's Message to the City Council : 
 
 "The energy, ability and courage shown by the gentlemen compos- 
 ing the Board of Fire Commissioners in dealing with the tremendous 
 problem thrust upon the community by the total collapse of the volun- 
 teer Fire Department, should ever be gratefully remembered by our 
 people. The efficiency of the department organized by them is shown 
 by the statement of the chief that the loss from fires to which the De- 
 partment responded during the last year, both within and without the 
 fire limits, was only <;27,382. 50, whilst the property saved was valued 
 at $72,628.70. 
 
 "The determination of the gentlemen composing this board, as well 
 as the Board of Police Commissioners, to allow none but first-rate men 
 to remain on the force under their control, has been ably seconded by 
 the chiefs of these departments and has resulted in giving us a body 
 of policemen and firemen who will compare favorably with those of 
 any city. I have found the members of the police force sober, faith- 
 ful, active and vigilant; the officers and many of the men well ac- 
 tjuainted with the ordinances of the city, whilst the chief has been in- 
 defatigable in his efforts to promote the discipline and efficiency of his 
 force, and to preserve the peace and good order of the community. 
 The Board of Police Commissioners have never hesitated to remove 
 any man who impaired the efficiency of the force; have administred 
 the trust committed to their charge with the strictest econom^^ and, in 
 all matters, have been actuated by an earnest desire for the public wel- 
 fare. 
 
 " Our public schools are now, as they have been ever since their 
 organization, among the best in the State. The names composing the 
 list of teachers are a sufficient guaranty that they enjoy, as they richly 
 deserve to, the confidence of the community. 
 
 " In conclusion, I think the condition of our community is highly 
 gratifying; the depression in business has been less severely felt here 
 than in most places, and is now passing away; your furnaces, work- 
 
22 SKETCH BOOK OF LYXCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 DRUGS AND MEDICINES 
 
 AT 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 
 
 We are occupyins onr MAGNf FK'ENT NEW HOUSE, on the Corner of Main and 
 Tenth streets, "and have tlie larjiest ai.d hamlsoiuest Drug Establishment In Virsinia. 
 Thf»re are few larger, and our Retail Room (25x132 feet) is unquestionably the handsomest 
 in the Southern States. (See cut on opposite page.) 
 
 We are adding daily to our already large stock, and OUR FACILITIES ARE EQUAL 
 TO AXY, for satisfying our friends and customers. 
 
 OUR WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEPARTMENTS 
 
 comprise everything usually found In a First-Class City Drug Estabi.ishment. We 
 make a specialty of selling to Country Stores, and guarantee satisfaction in every 
 
 OUR PROPRIETARY MEDICINES 
 
 some of which are sold all over the United *^tates, are EQUAL TO ANY MADE, and pay 
 better profits than other similar goods. Orders are filled with promptness always. 
 
 tm^A trial order is respectfully solicited, by mail or otherwise, and we will be glad 
 to have our friends call to see us, whether they buj- or not. 
 
 FAULKNER & CRAIGHILL, 
 
 "Wholesale Druggists, Manufacturers and Proprietors of Camm's Emulsion, 
 looo MAIN STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 JOHN J. MALLAN 8z: BRO., 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Family Groceries, Dry Goods, Notions, Wines, Liquors, &c. 
 
 MALLAN •? BROTHERS. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Coal, Wood, Baled Forage, Mill Feed, Corn, Hay, Oats, 
 Bran, Lime, &c., 
 
 714 FIFTH AVENUE, - LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 23 
 
 shops and factories are qeneral!y at work; the indomitable energy of 
 your business men is pushin<j your trade into new sections of country ; 
 the City Government is faithfully and economically administered and 
 our City is securely la}'ing deep and broad the foundations of her 
 wealth and greatness." 
 
 The following extracts are from the Reports for the year ending 
 h'ebruary 1st, 1886. 
 
 From the Board of Fire Commissioners: 
 
 "We conclude by stating that the Fire Department is in a high 
 
 MESSRS. FAULKNER & CRAIGHILL'S DRUG STORE. 
 
 (CORNER OF MAIN AND TENTH STREETS.) 
 
 state of efficiency, and that our aim is yet higher and higher, until it 
 is tJie best, and to this end we trust we will be, as in the past, 
 strengthened and supported by your hearty cooperation." 
 
 From the Chief of the Fire Department: 
 
 "The number of fires and alarms for the past }'ear have exceeded 
 by something over double the number for the year previous, there 
 being in all some seventy-six calls. Fires only in two instances ha\e 
 attained any proportions, viz : at the drug store of Messrs. W. A. 
 Strother & Son, October 26, and in which nine-tenths of the damage 
 sustained was inflicted by smoke — an element against which we have 
 no means of combatting; the other at Messrs. Ford, Moorman & Co.'s 
 
24 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Among the Largest Buyers and. Handlers of Leaf Tobacco are 
 
 HOLT, SCHAEFEU 2, CO., 
 
 who do a large Domestic and Foreign Export Business, buying also 
 in other markets of the State and North Carohna, either for direct 
 shipment, or to re-handle such purchases in their Lynchburg factory, 
 the floor space of which is as large, and probably larger than of any 
 factory in the City. Their factory on Lynch Street runs back iqo feet. 
 Adjoining the .same in the rear is a large four-story storage house, and 
 connected with this their Jefferson Street factory, where they 
 
 Manufacture Tobacco Extract for Export to Europe, 
 
 the whole giving one continuous place of business (fronting on Lynch 
 Street, and in the rear, on Jefferson Street), 264 feet in depth. 
 
 With six drying rooms, they have ample facilities to handle large 
 quantities of Tobacco at any season of the year, or in the old-fashioned 
 manner by air-drying. The objectionable features of steam-drying 
 are now, however, entirely overcome by employing only rapid circula- 
 tion of air, which process has secured such universal favor for their 
 tobaccos, as it is a copy of Nature's process, and preserves not only 
 the toughness and texture of the leaf, but likewise its natural gum and 
 flavor. 
 
 As their connection with the Tobacco Business extends for a period 
 of about twenty years (partly in other markets, but for the last ten 
 years identified w^ith the Lynchburg market especially), they com- 
 mand, of course, the confidence of the trade, and their continued suc- 
 cess is conclusive proof of that fact. 
 
 They do an order business for domestic and foreign markets, both 
 for manufacturers and dealers, in bright as well as dark grades, with 
 both of which the Lynchburg market is so well supplied. 
 
 .j-4?.5^ALL KIMIS OF FINE ENC4RAVING DONE AT SHOKT NOTICE.«^!5*?^ 
 
 JOHN D. SUTER&CO., 
 BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS, 
 
 No. 1017 :\IAIN STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 -e^Hpecial agents for Mrs. TyreeVs (;OOK BOOK, ''Housekeeping in Old \'irginia/"=S59^ 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE, 2; 
 
 factory. January 5th, at which the loss amounted to some ^21,000. about 
 half the property being destroyed, the machinery, as also the two lower 
 stories of the building, valued at ^[9,500, being rescued from the 
 flames. The damage resulting from the remaining calls, seventy-four 
 in number, footed up only about $[0,ooo/' 
 
 From the Mayor's Message: 
 
 "Our School system continues to show splendid results and a unt- 
 
 RESIDENCE OF MR. EDMUND SCUAEFER. 
 (court street, near seventh.) 
 
 form improvement from year to year. The enthusiastic and efficient 
 Superintendent has bent all his energies to the discovery and putting 
 into operation the most improved method of instruction. In this 
 effort he has been ably seconded by a most efficient corps of teachers, 
 both white and colored, and the result is highly gratifying. Durin^^ 
 the past session there was an enrollment of 2,717 pupils out of a school 
 
26 
 
 «.KErCH BOOK or LVNXHBLTRC, VA. ,' 
 
 LYNCHBURG VIRGINIAN, 
 
 One of the Oldest and B*?st Kiiowu Journal.H in Tirginia, 
 
 Is now owned and published by a company of capitalists and business 
 men of Lynchburg, who are determined to make it 
 
 A i LEADING- PAPER, 
 
 Inferior to None in the Commonwealth. 
 
 THE VIRGINIAN, 
 
 Under the new management, will be dkvoteo especiallv to the Com- 
 mercial, Manufacturing, Farming and other interest of the 
 City and State, and will be. in all respects 
 
 A 4 LIVE I PAPER, 
 
 In which the news feathered in all sections of the world will be daily dissem- 
 inated throHffh its telegraphic columns. 
 
 TiEZ^livdCB. 
 
 DAILY, 
 
 WEEKLY, 
 
 ;$5 GO PER ANNUM. 
 
 I GO " 
 
 J. R. CLARK, PresH and Oen'l Manager. 
 
 BENJ. BLACKFORD, Vice-President. 
 
 ALEX. McDOXALD, Editor-in-Chief and Secretary. 
 
 W, W. WYSOR, Associate. 
 
 BOARD OF D I RECTORS.— Dr. E. A. Ceaighill, Major P. J. Otey, Max 
 
 GUGUENHEIMER, Ed. SiCHAEFER, JnO. W. CaRROLL, J. P. PETTYJOHN, C. M. BlACKFORD. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 poptilation of 6,290. The average daily attendance has been 2,010; 
 the numbers of teachers is 47, * * ' * I think the City is to be 
 congratulated on having schools equal to any in the country. 
 
 " In conclusion, the prosperity of your City continues. Many com- 
 modious and handsome buildings are in the course of erection; trade 
 as good; the kindly relations hitherto existing between employer and 
 employee have been undisturbed, and your municipal affairs have been 
 fjaithfully and honestly administered," 
 
 BUILDING OF THE "LYNCHBURG VIRGINIAN." 
 (corner of main and tenth streets.) 
 
 The subjoined are taken from the Reports for the year ending Feb- 
 ruary 1st, 1887 — very recently published : 
 From the Finance Committee: 
 
 "It must not be overlooked that from 18S1 up to 1885, both in^ 
 elusive, ^i,ODO,ooo was expended in the various departments, principal 
 among which were the permanent improvements on the streets (over 
 $280,000), and water (over $390,000), fire (over $70,000), .sewers (over 
 $15,000)." ' ^ 
 
2S' SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCH BURC, VA. ; 
 
 THE SOUTHERN JEWELRY HOUSE, 
 
 F. D. Johnson & Son 
 
 S02 ItJvdlaianL Street, Uy anLciLlo--.rgr, '^T'irg-inia.. 
 
 This well'known house, which has done more than its share towards 
 spreading and establishing the fame of Lynchburg in distant parts of 
 the country as an enterprising commercial centre, was founded by Mr. 
 F. D. Johnson, in 1854, in the town of Culpeper, Virginia. After 
 twenty years of patient, but unremitting labor, Mr. Johnson had ac- 
 quired that experience which comes sooner or later to all honest and 
 persevering business men, and had become an adept at his trade. He 
 had moreover reduced the mercantile department to a scientific method, 
 which, combined with his unvarying custom of dealing in only such 
 goods as he could safely guarantee, and charging his customers an 
 even and low percentage of profit upon net cost prices, soon had the 
 effect of increasing his business to such a gratifying extent that Cul- 
 peper was not large enough to hold it. Accordingly, in 1881, Mr. 
 Johnson moved his establisment to Lynchburg, and in the following 
 year admitted his son, Mr. J. R. Johnson, to partnership. Since that 
 time the operations of the firm — in its wholesale, retail and manufactur- 
 ing departments — have multiplied with astonishing rapidity, and its 
 order book, representing sales in all the Southern .States, as well as in 
 New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and even as 
 far away as Colorado and New Mexico, shows an average of 4,000 
 orders a year. The firm, moreover, does as good a trade in almost 
 every other^j^tate in the South as it does in Virginia. The Repairing 
 Department receives an average of 1,500 crippled watches from outside 
 points during the year, and the house dispatches over 2,000 registered 
 packages per annum through the post-office. These figures give but 
 a faint ideaof the volume oi business transacted by Messrs. Johnson & 
 Son, which foots up annually to the handsome total of about $65,000. 
 They supply all the principal colleges of the South with medals, badges, 
 &c., and make a specialty of engraving, designing, and such work as 
 monograms and other designs, illustrated catalogues of which will be sent 
 free to any address on application. The other specialties of the firm 
 are Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Solid Silver and Quadruple- 
 Plated Ware, Spectacles and Eye Glasses, Gold and Silver Headed 
 Canes and Umbrellas. All their Diamond W^ork, Medals, &c., are 
 designed and manufactured on the premises, and hundreds of testi- 
 monials in their i)ossession bear abundant evidence to the universal 
 approval with which their work and their goods have met throughout 
 the vast field covered by their trade. The " F. D. Johnson Watch" 
 is justly celebrated as one of the very best time-keepers manufactured 
 in this country. 
 
ITS PEOPL'A y\NU ITS TRADE. 2g 
 
 From the City Eny^ineer : 
 
 "From the record kept at t]ie pump house, it is ascertained tliat 
 two of the pumps were operated at an average of twenty hours per 
 day, and the steam puinp about five hours. The ca cu'aied quantil)- 
 of water pumped tlie who'eyear is about 740,000,000 j^allons or ovtr 
 2,000,000 gallons per day. (The pumping capacity is 4,oco,ooo gal- 
 lons per day). * * * The pumps, reservtti'S and superst: ucl ures 
 iiave been inspected and found to be in a lair and scr\iCLabIe con- 
 dition." 
 
 MES.SRS. F. 1). .TonxS()\ & SON'S JEWELllY STORE. 
 
 (802 MAIX STKEKT.) 
 
 From the Chief of the Fire Department: 
 
 " We have been called upon only forty-six times, or thirty less than 
 the year previous. In but one instance have the flames assumed an}^ 
 magnitude — this at the factory of Messrs. Wright & Craighil! — and 
 which had attained such head\\'ay when the alarm was given as to be 
 beyond the power of mortals to suppress. The loss in this instance 
 amounted to some $24,000. In the remaining forty-five cases, only 
 some $5,000 was lost, a total of only about $29,030 for the year ; a 
 very moderate sum as compared with the immense losses heralded 
 almost daily from every section of the country." 
 
30 SKETCH B )0K. OF LYNCH IJURG, VA. ; 
 
 (ESTABLISHED IN 1865.) 
 
 The First National Bank 
 
 OF LYNCHBUEG, VIFwGINIA. 
 
 Capital S«: $150,000. Sumliis M DaMed Profits: $62,000. 
 
 JOHN F. SLAUGHTER, President. JAMES M. BOOKER, Vice-President 
 
 ALLEN W. T ALLEY, Cashier. 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 CHARLES W. STATHAM, TAYLOR BERRY', J. R. CLARK, 
 
 N. R. BOWMAN, JOHN H. LEWIS, J. SINGLETON DIGGS, 
 
 JAMES BOYD, JAMES W. WATTS, E. A. CRAIGHILL. 
 
 This Bank is one of the oldest monetary institutions in Lynchburg, 
 having been founded immediately after the close of the civil war. It 
 has been uniformly conducted upon conservative business principles, 
 and has never shown the least symptons of weakness or embarrass- 
 ment, even during the dark days of 1873, when so many banks suc- 
 cumbed to the fury of the financial storm. The First National has 
 mad^,- handsome profits for its shareholders, and has also accumulated 
 large security for its depositors. Its stock is therefore very rarely 
 found on the market, although always in strong demand at a high 
 premium. Its dividends have averaged over 10 per cent, per annum 
 during the whole term of its existence. It is to such sound and 
 substantial corporations as the First National Bank that Lynchburg 
 owes, in a large measure, her commercial stability and well established 
 reputation. 
 
ITS PEC PL E AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 31" 
 
 FINANCIAL. 
 The bonded debt of the City, as shown by the Auditor'.s Report, 
 was on February 1st, i<S8-i, $ 1 ,o?o, 1 32. 10; on February ist, 1885, 
 it was $l,o'9 532. 10; on February 1st, 1886, it was S 1 , 106, 5 32. 10 ; 
 and on Februrry 1st, 1887, it was :^i. 154.992 76. The debt has 
 therefore increased $1:54,8 3o within the last four years; but when it 
 is remembered that during that period many \ast and valuable im- 
 provements have been accomplished — such as the building of the 
 
 ct)lle(;k hill kl.sekvoir. 
 
 (BUILT IN 1877.) 
 
 magnificent new Reservoirs on Clay Street, at a cost of $100,003; the 
 acquisition of the Gamewell Fire Alarm System and the Flectric 
 Light for the streets; the organization of a thoroughly effective paid 
 Fire Department, and a perfect system of Sewerage — it will at once be 
 evident that, in the words of the P'inancj Committee, in their Report 
 to the City Council, "the means for paying your debt is therefore 
 provided for in your charter, and is self-adjusting. " While the public 
 debt has increased, taxation has remained undisturbed, consequent 
 upon the largely enhanced value of property. 
 
32 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 F. A. KINCKLE 
 
 916 MAIN STREET, 
 
 LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA, 
 
 CARRIES THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE LINE OF 
 
 FINE SHOES 
 
 IN THE CITY, 
 
 SolEAgeDtfo[OUNLilP&CO;SC[LEBBAIED[IATS, 
 
 HKADQIIAKIKKS LOR THE SOUTH, 
 
 No. 108 Eighth Street, Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 ic^iF'Gi nd, iMirrcyctic At^cnis Wanud in Every Cc^unty. Liberal 
 Terms to brth Agents and l^'ariners Correspondence solicited. Cir- 
 culars Mailed Free on Application. 
 
 General Agrent. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 The City of Lyncliburg possesses forty-four Free Schools, of which 
 twenty-si.x are devoted to the education of white, and eighteen to 
 that of colored children. In addition to these there are seventy-nine 
 Free Schools in Campbell County — forty-nine for white, and thirty 
 for colored children. 
 
 There are also a number of excellent private schools for both sexes 
 in and near the City; while the University of Virginia, Washington 
 and Lee University, the Virginia Military Institute, Hampden Syd- 
 ney College, and other eminent seats of learning are within a radius 
 of sixty miles. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG FAIR. 
 
 The Lynchburg. Ai^ricultural and Mechanical Society, organized in 
 1869, has extensive grounds and buildings, in the southwestern suburbs 
 of the City, where Fairs are held annually in the month of October. 
 These Fairs attract large numbers of farmers and others from every 
 quarter of the State, who bring their finest horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, 
 fruit and other farm poducts for exhibition. Large sums are dis- 
 tributed by the Society in the form of premiums, and it is safe to say 
 that in no part of Virginia are the annual fairs better attended, and 
 that nowhere else are finer specimens of live stock and agricultural 
 produce exhibited. All praise is due to the enterprise and public 
 spirit of the gentlemen forming this Association, a fuller account of 
 which will be found in the later pages of this volume 
 
 HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES. 
 
 The City is well provided with excellent Hotels and Boarding 
 Houses, at which the cost of living varies from $50 to 320 a month, 
 according to the accommodation required. Special rates are given to 
 families. By the day the charges range from ^[.50 to S3. 
 
 WATER POWER. 
 
 The James River i:^ a rapid stream, averaging at Lynchburg about 
 six hundred feet in width and four feet in depth. A series of dams, 
 at and above the City, afford a fall of about twenty feet. This mag- 
 nificent water power, which is available at both sides of the river, is 
 only partially utilized for manufacturing purposes, although the entire 
 
34 SKETCH r500K OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 volume of the river can easily be made available. This water is owned 
 by the City, and will be furnished as required at a nominal charge. 
 
 At many points in the vicinity, both abo\e and below the City, 
 there are splendid sites for mills, furnaces, and factories of various 
 kinds. 
 
 COMMERCIAL GROWTH. 
 
 The wide extent of rich back country and the excellent facilities 
 for transportation always enjoyed by Lynchburg, gave her, from the 
 beginning, a heavy commission and retail business, under the influence 
 of which she was steadily advancing in population and wealth up to 
 the period of the civil war. Situated in the midst of the finest tobacco- 
 growing region in the world, her people early gave their attention to 
 the manufacture of this article, in which they attained great celebrity, 
 and it was to this special branch of industry that the City chiefly owed 
 her commercial importance. 
 
 During the last twenty years of restored peace, Lynchburg has re- 
 sumed her onward march with renewed energy and with such phe- 
 n(_)menal success that she is to-day, in proportion to her population, the 
 wealthiest cit\', exci pt one, in the United States. 
 
 But her prominence is no loiv^er attributable exclusively to the 
 popularity of her brands of manufactured tobacco, nor e\en to the im- 
 mense quantity and supurb quality of the leaf handled on her ware- 
 house floors — although in the latter respect she stands at the head of 
 the list of great tobacco markets. 
 
 Of late )'ears she has given much attention to and invested much 
 capital in miscellaneous industries, also — such as iron works, furnaces, 
 nail works, fertilizer factories, refrigerators, bark mills, barytes factories 
 and other similar establishments, which give employment to large 
 numbers of men, women and boys, who would otherwise find it diffi- 
 cult to earn a livelihood — to say nothing of the cigarette factories 
 which give honest and lucrative employment to hundreds of white 
 girls. 
 
 Nor is this all. The New Lynchburg is the home of enormous 
 business houses which conduct only a wholesale trade, besides others 
 which are wholesale as well as retail dealers. Prior to 1865, com- 
 mercial travellers — or "drummers" — hailing from the "Tobacco City," 
 were almost unknown quantities, whereas now they are familiar and 
 welcome visitors throughout the South and Southwest, representing 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 35 
 
 such departments of trade as Dry Goods, Drugs and Medicines, Boots 
 and Shoes, Groceries, Fertilizers, and the like. Millions of dollars 
 pour into the City annually through these channels, and the pro- 
 nounced success with which they have met is sufficient proof that they 
 can compete triumphantly with any of the vaunted Northern and 
 Western markets. 
 
 BIGGEIi'S PUBLIC SCEiOOL BUILDING. 
 
 (COKXER OF FIFTH AND CLAY STKEET,S.) 
 
 LOCAL INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Resides the handling and manufacture of the " seductive weed," and 
 the several other important industries carried on in and around the 
 City, namely: iron works, foundries, flour mills, barytes mills, door 
 and sash factories, sumac mills, fertilizer factories, ice factories, and 
 others, already in successful operation, some nt:\y enterprises, of 
 which mention will be made hereafter, are about to be undertaken by 
 local capitalists. There is here a wide field for skill ;ind capital, with 
 every rea.sonable prospect for its remunerative investment in the de- 
 
T,6 SKETCH BOOK OF LVXCHHUKG, VA. ; 
 
 NORYELL-ARLIHGTOH HOUSE. 
 
 LEADING HOTEL. 
 
 Recently Enlarged and Renovated, 
 
 CENTRALLY SITUATED ON CHURCH and EKriUI !! STREETS, 
 
 Near the Post-Office, Court House, Banks, Churches, and other 
 
 Places of Interest, Usually Sought by Visitors. One 
 
 Square from Main St. and Street Car Line. 
 
 TABLE AND ACCOMMODATIONS FIRST-CLASS. 
 
 LARGE SAMPLE ROOMS ON GROUND FLOOR. 
 
 Uooiiis With Baths. Steam Heat and Electric Bells. 
 
 OMNIBUS AND BAGGAGE WAGONS AT ALL TRAINS. 
 
 K. S. TERKY, Proprietor, 
 
 lL3rrLCl:i"biJLrg:, - - TT'lrg^inia., 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 \7 
 
 velopment of the numerous sources of industrial wealth not hereto- 
 fore attempted in this favored locality. An examination of the map 
 will show that, as a point for the collection of raw material and the 
 distribution of manufactured articles, no better place than Lynchburg 
 can be chosen. 
 
 GOLDEN 0PP0RTUNIT1P:S. 
 
 With capital sufficient to purchase the requisite plant, and the skill 
 and experience necessary to direct its judicious application — with 
 
 THE NOIiVELL-ARLTNGTON BOUSE. 
 
 (CORXER CHURCH A^•D EIGHTH STS.) 
 
 cheap and plentiful labor, combined with unsurpassed facilities for 
 transportation — there is no reason why Lynchburg should not attain as 
 high a reputation for her manufactured productions of iron, cotton, 
 wool, paper, glass, wood, cotton- seed oil, boots, shoes, &c., as she 
 has reached in the manufacture of tobacco. A cordial welcome awaits 
 all who may be attracted to this inviting field of enterprise, together 
 with the material aid and support of the municipal authorities and the 
 community at large. 
 
38 
 
 SKETCH H()()K OF LVN'CHBURG, va. ; 
 
 LOUIS p. SHANER, 
 
 CATTLE BROKER, 
 
 FRONT STALLS, Nos. 2 & 4, 
 
 BUSINESS COLLEGE. 
 
 Kirst-class Instruction in Hook-kct^pini:, Pliiin and Ornamental I'enuKinship, Business 
 Arillimi'tic— rai]id calculations— in llie I'ollei^e. 
 
 "^. 2^£. c .^^. BTJiHiiDninsro-, Zj'!riTo:Ea:BTj:ELC3-, 
 
 By D. R. McIVER, 
 
 A teaclior of over six .■^■fars' experience (has three dii^lonias on Hook-keepino; and Pen- 
 manship), and Head Teacher of Writinsi in City Graded Schools, and Teacher of Y. M. C. 
 A. KiUicational Classes. Good references. Terms low. Pen- work by mail. Visiting cards 
 written, 2i)c. per dozen. Call on, or address, 
 
 D. R. McIVER, 
 
 703 Clx-d-rctL Street, - ■ - Xj37-ii.ciLTc'j.rg-. X'^irg-iriia.. 
 
 n.A.:M:ix.TOjsr bros.. 
 
 Carpenters and Builders. 
 
 Cop. T\A^elfth and Grace SLs., Lynchburg, Va., 
 
 We execute all kinds of Builders' Work, such as Wood, Stone, Brick, Plastering, Tin- 
 ning, Painting, Ac. Estimates cheerfully furnished, and correspondence solicited. 
 
 ARMISTEAD & STEPTOE, 
 
 Real [state ftgeots and General Intelligence Office 
 
 No. 206 Tenth Street, 
 
 ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, 
 
 914 R'?ain Street, - ■ Lynchburg, Virginia, 
 
 COMMEPxCIAL LAW A SPECIALTY. 
 
 Uefekenck.s. -Lynchburg Nuf.onal Bank, and all tlie leading business men of the city. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 39 
 
 SUMMER RESORTS. 
 
 The country immediately to the west of Lynchburg abounds with 
 mineral springs of various kinds, and all possessing special sanitary 
 value. They are sources alike of health, pleasure and profit, and are 
 justly entitled to at least brief mention in Lynchburg's " Sketch Book." 
 Scores of these delightful summer resorts in the Piedmont District, 
 Blue Ridge and Alleghany Mountains are accessible in a few hours by 
 rail from this City. Many of them are exceedingly beautiful and hand- 
 somely equipped for the accommodation of from five hundred to a 
 thousand or more visitors. Some of the most attractive of these 
 charming sanatoriums are the Blue Ridge Springs, Yellow Sulphur, 
 White Sulphur, Salt Sulphur, Red Sulphur, Alleghany, Sweet, Rock- 
 bridge Alum, Coyners, the Hot. Warm and Healing Springs, &c. 
 These watering places afford good markets for the surrounding country 
 during the summer season, and Lynchburg participates largely in the 
 trade derived from these sources. 
 
 To the tourist, this section of Virginia offers many and various at- 
 tractions. Amongst the most noted curiosities of nature within easy 
 reach of Lynchburg are the Natural Bridge, the Peaks of Otter, the 
 Caverns of Luray, the Natural Tunnel and the P^alls of James River, 
 where it breaks through the Blue Ridge Mountains. 
 GAME AND HUNTING. 
 
 The forests, fields and streams of this pleasant region all supply an 
 abundance of game for the sportsman. As a rule, the woods are toler- 
 ably free from undergrowth, and are, therefore, easily traversed on foot 
 or on horseback. The squirrtl, wild turkey and pheasant are very 
 plentiful in the neighboring forests. Partridges (quail) are very numer- 
 ous, as also woodcocks. Wild ducks of several varieties are found in 
 large numbers on all the rivers and streams. 
 
 Good deer hunting can be had in the Blue Ridge and Alleghany 
 Mountains. Trout abound in most of the mountain streams, and in 
 the large rivers there is excellent bait fishing for chub, perch, pike, 
 &c. Foxes, both red and gray, are found all over Virginia, and fur- 
 nish capital sport to those fond of " riding to hounds." But they are 
 not in such numbers as to be troublesome or destructive. 
 
 CEREALS. 
 
 The soil of the "Hill Country" of Virginia, which embraces that 
 region most directly tributary to Lynchburg, varies from light sandv 
 
40 SKETCH BOOK OF LVXCHBURC, VA. ; 
 
 loam to stiff heavy clay. The more closely it approaches the latter 
 the more highly it is esteemed, particularly for mixed farming and 
 grazing. The principal crops raised in this district are tobacco, wheat, 
 corn, oats and ha)' ; but all the grasses, grains, fruits and vegetables 
 common to the temperate zone flourish here with ordinary care. The 
 flour made from wheat grown in this section is considered the best in 
 America, and brings the highest price in the markets where it is 
 known. For many years it was considered the only flour that could 
 be shipped through tropical latitudes without deterioration, and it still 
 maintains its undoubted superiority in the markets of the West Indies 
 and South America. On suitable land, with proper tillage, from twenty 
 to thirty bushels of wheat per acre may reasonably be expected. 
 
 In the James River Valley the "bottom" lands will yield, without 
 manuring, from sixty to a hundred bushels of Indian corn per acre. 
 On uplands of good quality, forty to fifty bushels would be considered 
 a good yield. The oat crop usuall}^ succeeds corn, requires but slight 
 preparation of the land, grows lu.xuriantly and yields — especially on 
 bottom or moist lands — a good return to the farmer. 
 
 Tobacco requires soil of the best natural quality, or the land must 
 be highly manured, to aff)rd a paying crop; but, when skillfully man- 
 aged, and under favorable circumstances, it returns a very large profit 
 to the planter. Hay also yields an abundant crop, and finds a ready 
 sale in this and other markets. 
 
 FRUIT CULTURi:. 
 
 The fruits of this division of Virginic-f are unsurpassed in quality and 
 variety. The apple ripens from June to Novembjr, and the later 
 varieties can easily be kept until the succeeding crop can be gathered. 
 This is the home of the famous " .Albemarle Pippin " and the beautiful 
 "Lady Apple," so highly and universally esteemed at home and 
 abroad. Resides these, there are many other kinds of apples of ex- 
 cellent quality and prolific fruition. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, 
 cherries, grapes, strawberries, (Sec. grow freely and require no protec- 
 tion during the winter months. 
 
 The grape flourishes with a luxuriance not surpassed by the choicest 
 vineyards in other sections of this country, or those of France and 
 Germany. The eastern slopes of the l)lue Ridge Mountains furnish 
 many thousands of acres suited to the cultivation of fruits, including 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 4^ 
 
 those of the choicest and most dehcate varieties, which here attain the 
 highest perfection. Experiments have proved that a better wine can 
 be produced on these mountain slopes than ha.s yet been made else- 
 where in the United States. 
 
 The Superintendent of " Garden and Grounds," connected with tlie 
 
 UNITED STATES COURT HOUSE AND rOST OFFICE. 
 (on church street, near ninth.) 
 
 Department of Agriculture, in his Annual Report to Congress for 
 1869, speaking of "the most healthy grape of the Northern States," 
 says : 
 
 " Of course its quality is greatly improved by the length and geni- 
 ality of the season of growth; for example, those who are familiar with 
 
42 SKETCH fiOOK OF LYNCHtURG, VA. ; 
 
 (ESTABLISHED IN i8Si.) 
 
 J. D. WATTS, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, 
 
 SILVER AND PLATED WARE, 
 
 FROM THE LEADING FACTORIES OF THIS COUNTRY. 
 
 OPTICAL GOODS, 
 
 'siomertiiiG 
 
 SEAVING MACHINES, 
 
 AND 
 
 SEWING - MACHINE + SUPPLIES. 
 
 Gold Pens, Pencils, and Fancy Articles, in Great Variety. 
 
 SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL KINDS OF 
 
 SU}i MAIN STREET, 
 
 Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 
 
ITS pf:ople and its trade. 
 
 43 
 
 the fruit only as a production of Massachusetts would not recognize 
 its flavor and vinous character as ripened in Virginia. * * * The 
 mountain slopes and plateaus in Virginia and other Southern States 
 must be looked upon as the great producing regions of this Continent 
 for a certain class of fine wines, not excepting California and other 
 favored sections of the Pacific Coast. We must depend upon this 
 • section for the 'coming wine-grape.''" 
 
 GRAZING LANDS. 
 
 The " Hill Lands" are not excelled by any other part of Virginia, 
 Kentucky or the West as a grazing country. Here are "blue grass " 
 
 COURT STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 (corner of SEVKXTH 8TREET. ) 
 
 tracts, watered by plentiful springs and streams of cool soft water, 
 where cattle can feed the whole year round, and where neither hostile 
 Indians nor wild beasts exist to disturb or destroy them. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Dodge, of the United States Department of Agriculture, 
 after enumerating the most favored regions in the Eastern and North- 
 ern States, the Mississippi Valley and the eastern and western slopes 
 of the Rocky Mountains, makes the following comparison : " But there 
 is one other section, easy of access and superior in the quality of its 
 gra.sses to any heretofore mentioned, with a climate mild and equable, 
 in which the very finest and best samples of wool in the United States 
 
44 SKETCH BOOK OF I.VNCIIBUKG, VA. \ 
 
 W. A. STROTHER & SON, 
 
 WHOLESALE, RETAIL & MANUFACTURING DRU&GISTS 
 The senior member of this firm established the business in the year 
 t855, and has remained continuously in the occupation of the same 
 premises — No. 904 Main Street — ever since that date. "Strother's 
 Drug Store" may therefore be fairly regarded as among the "ancient 
 landmarks" which commemorate the birth, growth and development 
 of Lynchburg's commercial and industrial history. Mr. Strother had 
 already built up a flourishing trade when the civil war broke out, in 
 ib6i. In common with his patriotic fellow-countrymen, Mr. Strother 
 volunteered his services to the Confederate cause. For a time his 
 business operations were, to some extent, suspended, but on the res- 
 toration of peace, in 1865. they were resumed with renewed energy, 
 and within the last twenty years the volume of his trade has more than 
 quadrupled. 
 
 In 1 88 1, Mr. Strother admitted to partnership his son, Mr. \V. M. 
 .Strother, and the firm assumed its present name. Besides dealing in 
 the commodities common to all first-class wholesale and retail drug 
 houses, the Messrs. Strother are extensive manufacturers of a number 
 of their own recipes, including general family medicines, a full line 
 of flavoring extracts, pills, liniments, hor.se powders, &c.: while 
 among their more famous specialties, "Silver Medal Cologne" and 
 "Strother's Dentaline " find a ready market in all parts of the Union 
 — over six himdred gross of the former having been sold and shipped to 
 distant points during the past year. Messrs. W. A. Strother & Son 
 are also the patentees of a lubricant which has established itself in the 
 favor of plug tobacco manufacturers throughout the country. It is to 
 such houses as that under review that Lynchburg owes its high 
 mercantile reputation, and the community, being "wise in its genera- 
 tion," extends to it substantial evidence of its confidence and approval. 
 This is the oldest house in the City engaged in the drug business, and 
 the only one that ante-dates the civil war. 
 
 THE PALACE BOOT, SHOE, HAT AND TRUNK HOUSE. 
 
 DE AUEF=?S I N 
 
 BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, TRUNKS, VALISES, UMBRELLAS, ETC., 
 
 1024 MAIN STREET, LYNCIIHURG, VA. 
 
 BOX t MAHUFACTURING t COMPANY, 
 
 Toliacco Boxes aiiil Cases, Totacco Sliapes and Factory Fixtures, 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 45 
 
 have been grown." He then directs attention to this locaHty, and 
 says it is " the chosen hiibitat of the bkie grass and white clover, whose 
 valleys and slopes and summits arealike fresh with verdure. Scarcely 
 better known to the country at large than the fastnesses of the Rocky 
 Mountains, the lands but little higher in price, this region should pro- 
 duce large quantities of the finest and best merino wool in the United 
 States, and the production of mutton, in view of proximity to markets 
 and abundance and quality of subsistence supplies, could scarcely be 
 undertaken elsewhere with equal advantage." 
 
 MR. JOHN W. CARROLL'S RESIDENCE. 
 
 (on HARRISON STREET, CORNER ELEVENTH.) 
 
 THE JAMES RIVER VALLEY. 
 
 From the discovery of the country to the present day, this beauti- 
 ful Valley has been universally regarded as the best portion of Virginia. 
 The James River traverses the State from the Alleghany Mountains 
 to the Atlantic Ocean, intersecting the Mountain, Valley, Piedmont 
 and Tide-water Districts, thus embracing within its influence every 
 advantage of climate, soil and production to be found in the State. 
 The scenery along the river, particularly in the hill district, is unsur- 
 passed in variety and beauty. The cool, bracing atmosphere in the 
 
46 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 have moved for the third tune into larger quarters, to accommodate 
 their constantly increasing business, and are now located on Clay 
 Street near Twelfth, where they are prepared for a larger business than 
 ever before. They have already, with one exception only, the largest 
 cigarette trade in the State, and if their former ratio of increase con- 
 tinues, will soon take their place among the few large cigarette factories 
 of the United States. 
 
 * As their name implies, the " Lone Jack " is their leading cigarette. 
 Others are also becoming favorites, the " Ruby" especially. AH their 
 brands are free from drugs, or any adulteration, but made of the 
 sweetest bright North Carolina and Virginia tobacco obtainable. 
 Especial mention must be made of an entirely new departure — a long, 
 pure Havana cigarette in brown tobacco paper, the "La Hidalguia" Cig- 
 arette, made of Havana tobacco exclusively, of their own importation 
 and selected by Sanderson & Co., Havana, the owners and original 
 manufacturers of this brand. While these cigarettes may be too sub- 
 stantial for the general cigarette smoker, they satisfy another class — 
 the cigar smoker — giving him a better, a genuine Havana, and at the 
 same time a cheaper, smoke than most low-priced cigars. The adver- 
 tising matter used by the Company has been unique, because 
 combining taste and elegance with usefulness ; we refer especially to 
 the elegant brass plaque clocks, known all over the South and West, 
 given free with the Lone Jack Cigarettes. 
 
 Among the advantages of this business to the City we wish to men- 
 tion especially the fact that it gives employment to a large number of 
 girls, who in former years had no field of labor, or at best, a very 
 limited one in this city. The Company employ a number of these, 
 not only for packing and handling the cigarettes, box-making, &c.. 
 but for making millions of cigarette holders, with paraffined tips, 
 which ha\e added so much to the popularity of the celebrated 
 Lone Jack Cigarettes. 
 
 The principal stockholders are Mr. John W. Carroll, the owner of 
 the world-renowned " Lone Jack " smoking tobacco brand ; Edmund' 
 Schaefer, of Holt. Schaefer & Co.; the President of theCompany ; and 
 R. H. Wright, former partner of W. Duke, Sons & Co., Durham, 
 Manager. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 47 
 
 vicinity of the mountains is a complete protection against every form of 
 malarial disease, and is invigorating to the most delicate and sensitive 
 constitutions. It is this portion of the James River Valley that un- 
 doubtedly possesses the greatest charms to new settlers of all classes. 
 Here the sturdy farmer in search of a healthy, rich and attractive " plan- 
 tation ; " the lover of nature and field sports; the man of ample means 
 and cultivated taste; the experienced and enterprising manufacturer in 
 
 GARLAND'S HILL AND BLACKWATER CREEK. 
 (from northwest end of church street.) 
 
 pursuit of gain — all may alike find the highest enjoyment and pros- 
 perity. Nature has been so lavish in her gifts to this happy valley, 
 and its inhabitants have at all times found it so easy to obtain the 
 •comforts and luxuries of life, that its rich stores of timber and minerals 
 have hitherto been comparatively neglected — or at least they have 
 remained practically undeveloped. During the past few years, how- 
 ever, these dormant sources of wealth have attracted considerable 
 
48 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 ^THE LYNCHBURG NEWS 
 
 Daily, Tri- Weekly and Weekly. 
 
 THE LEADING HEWSPAPER 
 
 In Piedmont and Southwestern Virginia. 
 
 Daily, f5 per anniiin. 
 
 Tri- Weekly, ^3 '' " 
 
 Weekly, $1 " 
 
 LOCATED AT THE GATEWAY OF THE RICH SOUTH- 
 WESTERN COUNTRY, WHERE IT HAS A 
 
 LARGE Ai INCREASING CIRCULATION. 
 
 A Wide-Awake and Progressive 
 
 Democratic Newspaper 
 
 Presentinir all the News in the most attractive form. 
 
 Iron Front Building, 
 
 No. 215 Ninth Street, - . - - Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 A. ^A/ADDILL, Publisher. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 49 
 
 attention, and it is but reasonable to expect that Lynchburg, with its 
 immense natural advantages, will before long become one of the 
 greatest industrial centres of the New South. 
 
 VARIOUS. 
 
 The population of Lynchburg is now estimated at about 25,000 
 souls. By including the immediate suburbs this number would be 
 largely increased. In 1880 the census fixed the population at 15,959; 
 
 LYNCHBURG'S FIRST TOBACCO FACTORY. 
 
 (on elm avenue near horse ford road.) 
 
 while in 1870, when, five years after the close of the war, the City may 
 be said to have entered upon its second lease of existence, it contained, 
 according to the official census, only 6,825 inhabitants. 
 
 Not only has the City kept pace with its rapidly growing popula- 
 tion as regards the number of its stores, factories and dwellings, but 
 it has also made ambitious strides in the character of its buildings, and 
 in all other matters tending towards public improvements, having 
 regard to ornamentation as well as to mere utility. No city in the 
 
;0 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 United States of Lynchburg's size can show handsomer churches, 
 factories, hotels, business blocks, private residences and public build- 
 ings. In every direction are to be seen evidences of thrift and enter- 
 prise. Wherever the eye may turn, it is greeted by magnificent new- 
 structures bearing testimony alike to the wealth and the artistic taste 
 of the community. On the main thoroughfares, as well as in those 
 portions of the City and suburbs devoted to private habitations, busy 
 hands are constantly at work filling up vacancies with sightly stores 
 and factories and dwelling houses. Stately churches raise their taper- 
 ing spires to the sky, while other sacred buildings, less pretensious, 
 perhaps, bear testimony to the competence, liberality and piety of all 
 classes of citizens. 
 
 The City of Lynchburg is indeed fair to look upon, presenting, as 
 she does, an air of health, comfort and prosperity which is well sus- 
 tained by statistical facts. The scenery within and without her 
 boundaries presents a charming and endless variety of hill and valley, 
 field and forest, natural beauty and artistic embellishment, such as are 
 rarely to be met with in any one locality. 
 
 With a rich and productive back country, cheap land, abundant 
 labor, a central position in the most favored region of the Southern 
 Land, an equable and healthy climate, unsurpassed water-power and 
 excellent railroad facilities, and removed by only an inconsiderable 
 distance from the very sources whence the great manufacturing in- 
 terests of the North draw their principal supplies, Lynchburg offers 
 prospects and inducements to the capitalist such as few localities in 
 the United States can justly present, as a careful perusal of this volume 
 to its end — based, as its statements are, upon official facts and figures 
 exclusively — will fully demonstrate. 
 
tTS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 5 I 
 
 HISTORICAL. 
 
 EARLY DAYS. 
 
 Wa ike that of every other American City, the History of Lynchburg 
 jlfif is inseparable in its early pages from that of the whole Conti- 
 "^^ nent. It will not be necessary, therefore, for the purposes of 
 this SKETCH BOOK to inflict upon the intelligent reader the familiar 
 story of the great navigators, Cabot, Columbus, Amadas, and the rest 
 — not to mention the still more remote, and therefore still less authen- 
 tic, Madoc — nor need we recount the virtues of the aboriginal tribes, 
 to-\\it ; the Susquehanocks, Pamaunkees and Chickahominies, with 
 their renowned chieftains, Winginia and Granganameo, Powhatan and 
 Opechankanough — distinguished alike for the euphony of their names 
 and the simple amiability of their dispositions ; still less desirable 
 would be the vain attempt to clothe the touching narrative of Poca- 
 hontas with some new-found element of romance, or to enlarge upon 
 the thrilling adventures and " hair-breadth 'scapes " of the great original 
 Anglo-American John Smith! Suffice it to say that these worthy 
 people — or others like them — certainly lived and flourished, some- 
 where in Virginia, and at a period not many centuries prior to the 
 birth of Lynchburg's "oldest inhabitant " — that is, if history and tradi- 
 tion be as trustworthy as some people seem to think. 
 
 That the Colony was regarded as a most desirable place of residence, 
 even in the remote days of its first organized settlement, may be 
 gathered from the often-quoted expression of the Captain John Smith 
 above referred to — " Heaven and Earth never agreed better to frame 
 a place for Man's habitation." 
 
 At that time the whole of the North American Continent, as far as 
 discovered, went under the general name of Virginia, but as the vast 
 extent of the territory began to be appreciated, it was found expedient 
 to divide it into two sections — North Virginia and South Virginia — the 
 former embracing all the country lying to the northward of the en- 
 trance to Chesapeake Bay, and the latter extending southerly from 
 the same point as far as the Cape of Florida. 
 
 On March 25th, 1584, letters patent were issued by " Bonnie Queen 
 
5- 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Bess," granting the whole American Colony to " that great ornament 
 of the British Nation/' Sir Walter Raleigh, who immediately formed 
 a sort of joint-stock company for the purpose of fitting out an expedi- 
 tion to settle his new possessions. 
 
 After a long and stormy voyage, this expedition landed, as every 
 schoolboy knows, on Roanoke Island, now a part of North Carolina,, 
 and at once opened commercial negotiations with the neighboring 
 Indians, with most profitable results. 
 
 Referring to this distant period of Virginia's history, Colonel Wm. 
 Byrd, in his lVestoz>a' Manuscripts, quaintly remarks : 
 
 "Amongst other Indian Commodities, they brought over Some of 
 of that bewitching Vegetable, Tobacco. And this being the first that 
 ever came to England, Sir Walter thought that he could do no less 
 than make a present of Some of the brightest of it to His Roial Mis- 
 tress, for her own Smoaking. The Queen graciously accepted of it, 
 but finding her Stomach sicken after two or three Whiffs, it was pres- 
 ently whispered by the earl of Leicester's Faction that Sir Walter had 
 certainly Poisoned Her. But Her Majesty soon recovering her dis- 
 order, obliged the Countess of Nottinghan and all her Maids to 
 Smoak a whole Pipe out amongst them." 
 
 So this was the microscopic starting point from which such vast re- 
 sults were to follow, as the tide of time rolled on. The agricultural 
 importance of a large area of Virginia, North Carolina and other 
 States, the wealth of their citizens, and the establishment of many a 
 flourishing town and city within their borders — all these things, and 
 more, are traceable to the discovery, two centuries ago, of a nauseating 
 weed ! What power is there even in a wreath of smoke, provided 
 only that it issue from royal lips ! 
 
 But tobacco was not the only valuable product of spontaneous 
 •j-rowth found by the pioneer adventurers in this new Paradise, and 
 reported by them to their friends across the main. Indeed, the 
 accounts given of the Colony by those returning from its shores were 
 so uniformly captivating, that it shortly became the " modish frenzy " 
 to emigrate and share the delights thus lavished by prodigal Nature. 
 
 Unfortunately, however, the new settlers were, as a rule, both idle 
 and extravagant, and had been tempted hither chiefly by the prospect 
 of absolute exemption from the necessity for labor, and abundant 
 opportunity for the free indulgence of vice. 
 
 Reckless waste and persistent improvidence led, as might have been 
 expected, to numerous disappointments and misadventures, as well as 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 53 
 
 to some very rough treatment at the hands of the savage red-skins. 
 As a consequence, the rage for trans-Atlantic emigration cooled down 
 completely, and was not revived till about the year 1606, when the 
 colonization project received fresh impetus by the admission of the 
 Earl of Southampton and other wealthy speculators into the Company. 
 A hundred picked men were then sent out by the new management 
 and landed at Point Comfort, on the waters of the " Chesapik," where 
 
 NINTH (BRIDGE) STREET AND AMHERST HEIGHTS. 
 
 (from court house hill. ) 
 
 they built a fort and managed to stand their ground from that time 
 forward, in spite of — possibly helped by — the blunders of their pre- 
 decessors. 
 
 Many and various were the calamities that subsequently befel the 
 infant Colony, but still it continued to grow in strength and wisdom, 
 and to exert its influence and authority over the tribes of untamed 
 Indians, whose active hostility was a perpetual menace to its existence. 
 
54 SKErCM BOOK OF LYNCH BURC;, VA. ; 
 
 TAZEWKLL M. Mel 'OlvKLK. H. A. SOTTTHALL. 
 
 McCORKLE, SOUTHALL & Co.. 
 
 ■ 1! ^./l*^■^ •- '<^r\:^ _ _ _ '""'^^h nTrrr vt'^'itiI 
 
 We encbavor to keep the best of all articles in our line. 
 
 We guarantee purity. 
 
 We will not handle adulterated food products knowingly. 
 
 If any goods purchased of us are not as represented, we want them 
 returned. 
 
 O.'ders sent u^ shall have thj same care and attjntion as if patrons 
 Avere present. 
 
 We will always give }'ou good weiglits, good goods and good will. 
 
 In STAPLE GOODS we select in each d„^partment acccording to 
 QUALITY. 
 
 In TABLE LUXURIES and in all delicacies for the sick, we excel. 
 
 We toast our own Coffees fresh every week. 
 
 In FOREIGN FRUITS and CONFECTIONERY, we select from 
 the freshest offerings on the market 
 
 When you want a fragrant Havana Cigar or a genuine Key West, 
 we can supply you. Our 
 
 FINE FLOUR OF THE ENTIRE WHEAT 
 
 is superior to any wheat meal or "Graham " flour, because it does not 
 contain any coarse, irritating bran particles, or indigestible husk of the 
 wheat, which are unavoidably present and a part of all wheat meals 
 and "Graham" Hours. Will sell you any quantity. 
 
 We offer inducements in FINE ENGLISH BREAKFAST, MO- 
 YUNE GUNPOWDER and fragrant OOLONG TEAS. W^e will not 
 handle any but good chop. 
 
 Our HOUSEHOLD AMMONIA will please you, for the toilet, 
 laundry, and for the bath, as well as for cleansing and the sick chamber. 
 Pint bottles, 25 cents. 
 
 WE SELL SUGARS AT COST. 
 
 HE-NO TPLA — the kind used by the Chinese — at 20c., 40c., 80c. 
 
 FRESH BUTTER A SPECIALTY. 
 
 I'^arly fruits and vegetables supplied in season. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TKADF. 
 
 55 
 
 The gradual division of the country into separate colonies, which 
 have since become Sovereign States, belongs to general American 
 Histor}-, and need not be enlarged upon here. 
 
 "^ 
 
 yi 
 
 DIVISION OF VIRGINIy\ INTO SHIRES. 
 
 The first historical event in which the L}'nchburg people of to-day 
 may reasonably be supposed to feel any special interest, occurred in 
 1634, when the Colony of Virginia was divided into eight "Shires," 
 
56 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 LEE & COMPANY 
 
 I I 
 
 iUay^i 
 
 i^^iQH Immi 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 BALED FORAGE OF ALL KINIKS, CORN AND CORX MEAL, 
 OATS, SHIP STUFF, ETC. 
 
 MILLERS' AGENTS FOR FLOUR OF ALL GRADES. 
 
 "We solicit consii^-iimeiits of Coun'try Produce of all kinds. ;iiid ijuarantee to do 
 as well for you as any house in the State. We make a specialty of Fi.our of all grades. 
 Our Leadin<; Rrands of Fine Patents are White Rosi' and Virjiiiiia Rose Family, 
 Catawba and Valley Mills Extra, &c., &c. Special prices to parties biiyiuij car loads. 
 
 927 Main, and I200 and I202 Jefferson Street, 
 
 LYNCHBURG. VIRGINLV. 
 
 DoHERTY & Fortune, 
 
 -DK VLEUS IX- 
 
 STOVES AND TIN-WARE^ 
 
 No. 218 & 220 TWKLFTH STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 Tin and Slate Roofing', Gutterinir and Repiirin-x. in city or country, done Promptly 
 and on Reasonable Terms. 
 
 LYNCHBURG BOX CO., 
 
 :\rAN[;FACTUKERS OF 
 
 Tobacco BoKes, Cip aod Smokiog Cases, k, 
 
 CORNER CLAY AND TWELFTH STS, LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 jg!^^ Button wood Boxes a .specialty. Shooks in car lots at lowest 
 figures. 
 
JTS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 \1 
 
 which were to be governed Hke their EngHsh prototypes ; lieutenants 
 were to be appointed, whose special duty it should be to keep a wary 
 eye and a heavy hand upon the hostile Indians; sheriffs, sergeants, 
 bailiffs and other officials were to be elected for the purposes of en- 
 forcing the law and administering the local government. 
 
 One of these Shires — the only one with which we are at present 
 concerned — was named Warrosquyoake (or Warrosquoyacke, or War 
 rosquijoake), but this barbarous and unpronounceable appellation was 
 abandoned in 1639, o" the occasion of the subdivision of Warros- 
 quyoakeshire into the counties of Isle of Wight, Norfolk and Nanse- 
 mond. 
 
 MR. JAMES I. LEE'S RESIDENCE. 
 
 (on CABELL STREET, DANIEL'S HILL.) 
 
 In 1652, Surry County, adjoining Isle of Wight, was formed, and, 
 from portions of these two, the County of Brunswick was set apart in 
 1720. Lunenburg County was formed from Brunswick in 1746, and, 
 seven years later, Bedford County was carved out of Lunenburg. 
 
 CAMPBELL COUNTY SET APART. 
 
 Campbell County, in which Lynchburg is situated, was formed 
 from Bedford County in 1784, and named in honor of General William 
 Campbell, a distinguished officer of the American Revolution. In 
 form Campbell County is nearly square, each side being about twenty- 
 five miles long. Its area is about 335,000 acres, or 525 square miles. 
 Its surface is undulating and broken, and its soil very productive. It 
 
5S SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 is bounded on the northwest by th.e James River and Amherst 
 County ; on the northeast by Appoinattox County ; on the southeast 
 by Charlotte County ; on the south by the Staunton River and Hah- 
 fax and Pittsylvania Counties ; and on the west by Bedford County. 
 
 The James and Staunton Rivers are navigable far above the county 
 limits for boats, thus opening direct water communication with Chesa- 
 peake Bay and Albemarle Sound. In 1840 the population af Camp- 
 bell County was 21,030, of whom 10,213 were white, 10,045 slaves, 
 and 772 free colored. 
 
 Besides the City of Lynchburg, there are several important towns 
 and villages within the boundaries of Campbell County ; among v^hich 
 are Rustburg, formerly Campbell Court House, the county seat, about 
 twelve miles to the southward of Lynchburg, Brookneal, Leesville 
 and New London. 
 
 Mr. Howe, in his "Historical Collections of Virginia." published 
 in 1S56, thus mentions our flourishing City: 
 
 "Lynchburg, the fifth town in population in Virginia, is situated on 
 a steep declivity on the south bank of James River, in the midst of 
 bold and beautiful scenery, within view of the l^Iue Ridge and the 
 Peaks of Otter, and 1 16 miles westerly from Richmond. This town 
 was established in October, 1 786, when it was enacted ' that 45 acres 
 of land, the property of John Lynch, and lying contiguous to Lynch's 
 Ferry, are hereby vested in John Clarke, Adam Clement, Charles 
 Lynch, }ohn Callaway, Achilles Douglass. William Martin, Jesse Bur- 
 ton, Joseph Stratton, Micajah Moorman and Charles Brooks, gentle- 
 men, trustees, to be by them, or any six of them, laid off in lots of 
 half an acre each, with convenient streets, and established a town by 
 the name of Lynchburg. ' The father of the above named John Lynch 
 was an Irish emigrant, and took up land here previous to the Revolu- 
 tion. His place, then called Che.stnut Hill, afterwards the seat of Judge 
 Edmund Winston, was two miles below here. At his death, the 
 present site of Lynchburg fell to his son John, by whose exertions 
 the town was established. The original founder of Lynchburg was a 
 member of the demonination of Friends, and a plain man, of strict 
 integrity and great benevolence of character. He died about twenty 
 years since, at a very advanced age. At the time of the formation 
 of the Town, there was but a single house, the ferry house, which stood 
 where the toll-house to the bridge now is. A tobacco warehouse and 
 two or three stores were thereupon built under the hill, and it was 
 sometime before any buildings were erected upon the main street. 
 The growth of the place has been gradual. In 1804, a Methodist 
 P^piscopal Church was erected upon the site of the present one, and 
 
TTS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 ?9 
 
 ■shortly after a market was established. The first Sabbath School in 
 .the State was formed in the church above mentioned, in the spring of 
 1817, by George Walker, James McGehee and John Thurman. The 
 next churches built were the First Presbyterian, the Baptist, the 
 Protestant P^piscopal, the Protestant Methodist, the Second Presby- 
 terian and a Friends' meeting house in the outskirts of the town. The 
 Catholic and Universalist Churches were erected in 1-843," 
 
 FORTY-FIVE YEARS AGO. 
 in 1843 the LyncJiburg Republican published the annexed communi- 
 
 THE OLD MARKET HOUSE ON NINTH STREET. 
 
 (built 18l:J. REMOVED 1873.) 
 
 cation, which is reproduced here for the sake of the interesting 
 statistical information it contains: 
 
 " The census of 1840 showed a population af upwards of five thou- 
 sand. Since that time there has been a considerable accession to the 
 number of buildings, from which we may safely assume that our present 
 population reaches, if it does not exceed, 6,000. The extent of the 
 Tobacco Trade of Lynchburg may be judged of from the fact that 
 upwards of fifteen thousand hogsheads have already been inspected 
 here the present year — a number which far exceeds all previous cal- 
 culation. We have about thirty tobacco factories and stemmeries, 
 
6o SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 JOHN H. LEWIS. 
 
 813 MAIN STREET, 
 
 (P.O. BOX 2») LYNCHBURG, VA 
 
 1021. Is/£a.ir3. Street, - I_i3;^::n.c3:i."b-CLrg-, T7"ir=:-iiij.a.. 
 
 JOHN W. ROBINSON, U. B. TATE. W. H. WREN. W. H. MCLAUGHLIN. 
 
 ROBINSON, TATE & Co., 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS 
 
 AND 
 
 COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 
 
 317 Main Street, Lynchburg, Virginia, 
 
 )rclcr.s by mail or t:'L\L';r.'i[)h receive i)r!>nipt attention. Consign- 
 ments solicited. 
 
 FAMILY GROCERIES,. CONFECTMERIErFRUITS, CI9ARS, TOBACCOS, &c. 
 
 No. 712 Main SI net, Lj tielil>iiry, Va. 
 
 
 I003 MABN STREET, 
 
 I.VXCIIBT^iG, VIRGINIA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 6l 
 
 f^ivinq- emplo}-inent to about 1,000 hands; three flouring mills, 
 manufacturing, I am told, about 20,000 barrels of flour annually ; 
 one cotton factory, operating 1,400 spindles; iron foundries, which 
 consume, probably, lOO tons pig iron annually. More than 100,- 
 000 bushels of wheat are sold here yearly, 300 tons bar iron, 200 
 tons pig metal sold to the country; i,oco tons plaster of Paris. 
 About 50 dry goods and grocery stores — selling in the aggre- 
 gate, more than one million dollars' worth of goods Some of 
 
 COURT STREET, LOOKING NORTH WEST FR0:M COURT ROUSE. 
 
 our stores are so extensive and elegant as not to suffer by a 
 coinparison with those of Philadelphia and New York — 4 apothecaries 
 and druggists; several cabinet manufactories; 4 saddle and harness 
 manufactories; 10 blacksmith shops; several excellent hotels; 5 
 jewelers' establishments; 2 printing offices. 
 
 "There are here branches of the Bank of Virginia and the Farmers' 
 Bank of Virginia, and also three Savings Banks. Seven flourishing 
 Sabbath .Schools, with from 700 to i,oco scholars. One debating 
 society, with a library of several thousand volumes, &c., &c., &c. 
 
62 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 _• r-p-pq — p^-i ._ 
 
 NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK, 
 
 OF Lynchburg. 
 
 This popular and successful financial institution was established 
 in 1 88 1 under most favorable auspices, and its almofet phenomenal 
 prosperity has more than justified the sanguine expectations of its pro- 
 jectors and friends. Its office, on the corner of Main and Eighth 
 Streets, was formerly occupied by the private banking house of Miller 
 & Franklin, who began business immediately after the war, and built 
 up a large and wealthy connection. On the death of the senior part- 
 ner, Mr. John M. Miller, the firm was dissolved, and the National 
 Exchange Bank not only succeeded it as tenants of the building, but 
 also inherited a large proportion of its business. ■ 
 
 Under the judicious and watchful management of its officers, com- 
 bined with its uniformly courteous and accommodating policy towards 
 its customers and the public generally, it has accumulated deposits 
 equal in amount to any in the City, while the latest published quota- 
 tions, based upon actual .sales, place the stock of the National Ex- 
 change at the head of the list of Lynchburg Banks. Its capital is 
 $100,000; its surplus, $25,000, and its undivided profits, $12,61 T.OI. 
 The following is a list of its present Officers : President, George M. 
 Jones; Vice-Presidoit, I. H. Adams; Cas/ncr, Camillus Christian; 
 Directors, George M. Jones, I. H. Adams, S. B. Ferguson, Thomas 
 E. Murrell, N. C. Manson, Jr., T. D. Jennings, G. H. Nowlin, W. 
 A. Strother, George P. Watkins, S. W. Nowlin, Charles Scott, Jr.; 
 Teller, D. T. M\^z\\^\\; Bookkeepers, J. B. Nowlin, E. P. Miller and VV. 
 G. Christian. 
 
 The National Exchange Bank conducts a regular banking business 
 in all its branches, at home and abroad, and is, in all respects, a per- 
 fectly safe and trustworthy institution. 
 
 R W. THURMAN, 
 
 STENCIL CUTTER, RUBBER STAMP MftNUFIlCTURER, 
 
 AND GENERAL REPAIRER. 
 
 HOTELS, PRIVATE RESIDENCES AND BUILDINGS OP ALL KINDS, FITTED UP 
 WITH ELECTRIC BELLS, GONGH, ANNUNCIATORS, &C., &C. 
 
 623 MAIN STREET, - - - LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 63 
 
 From the hasty' view I have presented, and which by no means does 
 justice to the industry and enterprise of our citizens, it will be seen 
 that we have already the elements of a flourishing City. But I have 
 said nothing of the magnificent line of canal, now in the ' full tide of 
 successful experiment,' between this place and Richmond, from which 
 we are distant 147 miles by water. This splendid work, the pride and 
 boast of Virginia, opens to Lynchburg the brightest era which has 
 ever yet dawned upon her fortunes, securing to us a safe, speedy and 
 cheap navigation for the immense produce shipped annually to Rich- 
 mond and the North — and destined, as the writer believes, to furnish 
 
 WATER WORKS DAM AND " LOVER'S LEAP." 
 
 a great thoroughfare for the countless thousands of produce and 
 merchandise for the western and southwestern part of our .State, as 
 well as Tennessee, Alabama, &c." 
 
 "LYNCH LAW." 
 
 With regard to the origin of this judicial eccentricity, or rather of 
 the name by which it is now universally recognized, several theories 
 have been advanced. Local tradition has ascribed it to the justifiable, 
 if lawless, methods of enforcing the social virtues, practiced by a mem- 
 ber of the Lynch family of this neighborhood, one of whom founded 
 the City ; and this opinion seems to have been unhesitatingly adopted 
 by Mr. Howe, who thus expresses it in his Historical Collections : 
 
64 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 " Col. Charles Lynch, a brother of the founder of Lynchburg", was 
 an officer of the American Revolution. His residence was on the 
 Staunton, in the southwest part of this County, now the seat of his 
 grandson, Charles Henry Lynch, Esq. At that time this country was 
 very thinly settled, and infested by a lawless band of tories and des- 
 peradoes. The necessity of the case involved desperate measures, and 
 Col. Lynch, then a leading Whig, apprehended and had them punished, 
 without any superfluous legal ceremony. Hence the origin of the term 
 Lynch Lazv. This practice of lynching continued years after the war, 
 and was applied to many cases of mere suspicion of guilt, which could 
 not be regularly proven. ' In 1792,' says Wirt's Life of Henry, ' there 
 were many suits on the south side of James River for inflicting Lynch's 
 law. ' At the battle of Guildford Court House, a regiment of riflemen, 
 raised in this part of the State, under the command of Col. Lynch, 
 behaved with much gallantry. The Colonel died soon after the close 
 of the war. Charles Lynch, a Governor of Louisiana, was his son." 
 
 But alas for the infallibility of local tradition and the unanimity of 
 local opinion ! Referring to the above, a correspondent of the Lynch- 
 burg Virginian writes to that paper, on November 20th, 1886, over the 
 initial " W," as follows: 
 
 * :]: * * * * * 
 
 "This Colonel Charles Lynch was a brother to John Lynch, after 
 whom our city was named. They were the sons of John Lynch, who 
 came from Ireland and took up lands in this vicinity. He is said to 
 have come from Limerick. 
 
 " Now the reading of this article recalled to my mind a different and 
 more remote origin of the term ' Lynch Law,' which I remember to 
 have seen many years ago. 
 
 "The story was to this effect: Many years ago, the Mayor of 
 Limerick, named Lynch, was a merchant of high character, stern integ- 
 rity, and an abiding sense of justice, a man of great popularity and of 
 unblemished credit. 
 
 " He was accustomed to buy largely from Spani.sh merchants, and 
 upon one occasion sent his own son to Spain to lay in a cargo of 
 goods; but the young man, finding the fascinations and pleasures 
 around him too strong for his self-control, v/asted the money entrusted 
 to him, and was forced, in shame, to go to the merchants with whom 
 he had left orders, and countermand them, saying he could not make 
 payment. Their reply was : ' The credit of your house is too good and 
 well-established for us to refuse to send the goods, and we will ship . 
 them and send our agents along with you, and your house can make 
 ])ayment to them upon their arrival, or at such time as it may prefer.' 
 To this the young man agreed, and so they set out upon their voyage. 
 But, in mid-ocean, he concluded to throw the agents overboard, and 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 65 
 
 SO escape payment and the indignation of his father. But, upon his 
 arrival in port, his father heard the story from some of the crew, and 
 immediately had his son arrested and confined in his own castle, a 
 stronghold. 
 
 "The citizens, upon hearing this fact, assembled around the castle and 
 demanded the release of the son. The stern but just old father said 
 to them that, in his official capacity, he knew no man's son, and that 
 
 RESIDENCES ON COURT STREET. 
 
 DR. E. A. CRAIGHILL. MR. R. T. CRAIGHILL. 
 
 it should not be said of him that he, who always endeavored to sup- 
 port the majesty of the law, would be less exacting in his measure of 
 justice because it was his own son who was the offender. He was 
 told in return that his son should not be brought to trial for the 
 murder of the Spaniards, and that, unless he opened the castle doors 
 they would be broken down. The father, thus seeing that the law 
 would be wrenched out of his hands, placed a halter round the neck 
 of his son and had him suspended from the window above the heads 
 of the infuriated citizens. This summary execution, without the form 
 of trial, was then and there called ' Lynch Law.' 
 
66 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ," 
 
 R. R. GOODMAN, 
 
 MANUFACTURER UF 
 
 obacco iogshcads, f icrcGs, Gases 
 
 And all Kikds of Packikg Boxes. 
 
 /^ 
 
 m 
 
 < 
 
 TtI 
 
 X 
 
 > 
 
 rTu 
 
 < 
 
 c 
 
 
 l-M 
 
 m 
 
 ) — t 
 
 'X 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 \ — < 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 5^ 
 
 o 
 
 Sw- 
 
 PLANING ILL AND WOOD WOlIl iiCHlNElil 
 
 Flooring, Ceiling and Lumber Dressed at Short Notice. 
 
 BRACKETS. WINDOW kM DOOR FRAMES. MLL SAWING. 
 MOULDINGS. STORE FRONTS, k. 
 
 IIIMII^'* • •««— # "^lltlll 
 
 MILL, YARDS AND OFFICE : 
 
 1300 to 1310 JEFFERSON STREET, 
 
 LY^'CHBUEG, VA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 67 
 
 " Your correspondent chanced to mention the above account to a 
 gentleman of much intelligence, born in Ireland, who replied that he 
 was familiar with the story, having heard it many years ago. 
 
 "It now occurs to me, that as the above-named Charles Lynch, of 
 Revolutionary memory, the originator of this form of justice here, was 
 of Irish parentage, he had learned this story of his own namesake — 
 and, maybe, progenitor — of Limerick, and so determined to introduce 
 into America this Irish form of iustice." 
 
 THE BIRTH PLACE OF THE CELEBRATED -LONE JACK." 
 
 (in rear of new factory — TWELFTH STREET.) 
 
 And alas, again, for the stability of the claim thus set up for Lim- 
 erick, as having given to the world a new code of judicial procedure and 
 to the dictionary a new word! As regards the latter, however, it 
 cannot be denied that the Emerald Isle is quite equal to the achieve- 
 ment, as witness the frequent and general adaptation of the modern 
 " boycott." 
 
 On the subject under discussion, the Encyclopedia Bntamca, (vol. 
 XV, p. 105) pronounces as follows — and in so doing furnishes evidence 
 of careful research and impartial judgment: 
 
6S 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 TKCE 
 
 \ 
 
 >1 
 
 1 1 
 
 H 
 
 IS FUBLISHEI] 
 
 DAILI, SEMI-WEEKLY AND WEEKLY, 
 
 AND HAS THE 
 
 Largest nnulation (Sworn to) of any Newspaper in Yirginia- 
 
 WEST OP RICHMOND, AND IS THE 
 
 IIG IDIUM IN THE STSIL 
 
 «<THE • ADVANCE)* 
 
 Is the only paper in the City which takes the New York Associated. 
 
 Press Dispatches, thereby giving ALL THE LATEST HOME 
 
 AND FOREIGN NEWS, and reachcs its patrons in Sonth- 
 
 west Virginia from twelve to fifteen hours 
 
 AHEAD OF THE MORNING PAPERS. 
 
 DAILY, one year..... $4 00 
 
 SEMI-WEEKLY, one year 2 00 
 
 WEEKLY, one year 75 
 
 SAMPLE COPIES FREE. ADDRESS: 
 
 ADVANCE PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO,, 
 LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE, 
 
 69 
 
 " Lynch Law. a term used in the United States to characterize the 
 action of private individuals, organized bodies of men, or disorderly 
 mobs, who, without legal authority, proceed to punish, by hanging- or 
 otherwise, real or suspected criminals, without a trial according to^the 
 ordinary forms of law. The origin of the term is doubtful. Ameri- 
 can lexicographers generally refer it to the practice of a Virginia 
 farmer of the 17th century, named Lynch, who, when he caught a 
 wrong-doer, was wont to tie him to a tree and flog him, without waiting 
 to summon the officers of the law. He is also said to have acted, by 
 
 CITY HALL AND COURT HOUSE. 
 
 request of his neighbors, though without any legal authority, as a judge in 
 the summary trial of persons accused of crime. Others trace the origin 
 of the name to the act of James Fitzstephen Lynch, mayor and warden 
 of Gal way, Ireland, in 1493, ^'^'^o '•'^ said to have ' hanged his own son 
 out of the window for defrauding and killing strangers, without martial 
 or common law, to show a good example to posterity.' Others trace 
 it still further to the old Anglo-Saxon verb linch, meaning to beat 
 v/ith a club, to chastise, &c., which they assert has survived in this 
 cognate meaning in America, as have many other words and expres- 
 sions long obsolete in Great Britain." 
 
 But, however thickly veiled in mystery the true origin of " Lynch 
 Law" may be, or may be destined to remain, and whether it was really 
 indigenous to this fair region of the Old Dominion or not, it must be 
 comforting to the patriotic Lynchburger to feel that the fame of his 
 City need not rely entirely upon the final unravelling of this knotty 
 
70 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCH r.UKG, VA. ; 
 
 (SUCCf:SS(>RS TO NOWLIN HKOS. & CO.) 
 
 AVHOLESALE GROCERS 
 
 -AND- 
 
 Commissio 
 
 HIGH GRADES FAMILY FLOUR A SPECIALTY 
 
 AGENTS FOR 
 
 The Hazard Po\A^der Co. 
 Hercules Dynamite Co. 
 Bradley Plows and Castings. 
 
 Manufactured Tobacco. 
 Bethesda Springs. 
 Montague's Linii-iient. 
 
 No. 70I MAI^J STREET, 
 
 LYNCHBURG NATIONAL BANK, 
 
 TJ. S. IDEI=>OSIT^ft!i-R"2'. 
 
 CAPITAL: $250,000. SURPLUS: SSo.ooo. 
 
 JAMES CLARK, Presidetit. C. DeWITT, Vicc-Prciident. PETER J. OTEY, Cashier. 
 
 G. W. MOORE, .111., Teller. .1. .M. MILLER, Jr., Discount Clerk. 
 
 JOS. S. GORDON, GeiiH Book- Keeper. IL S. STABLER, A ss't Book- Keeper. 
 
 GEORGE WARD, Janitor. 
 
 DIRECTORS "—James Clark, <-. DeWitt, Jno. W. Carroll, Geo. W. Pjilmer, J. P. Bell, 
 
 Max GusSPiilu'iiner, Jr., S. M. McCorkle, W. A. Carpenter, J. W .Chiltls, W. V. Wilson, Jr., 
 
 S. L. Moorman. 
 
 dkaIjEu in 
 
 Bee, Coal, Wood and Baled Forage. 
 
 12U0 to 1230 .JEFFERSON STREET, LYNCH BURCi, VA. 
 >ri>'' Particular Attention given to the shipping of COAL and ICE. 
 
 M. H. HAYTHE, -^ 
 
 iCriminal Law and Collecliunf!.) 
 
 C. J. SEHORN. 
 
 (Lands and Titles.) 
 
 HAYTHE & SEHORN, 
 
 Ninth Si., over P. A. Krise's Bank. 
 Notary IN THE Office. LynChbUTg, VQ. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. y\ 
 
 question. There can at least be no doubt as to the fact that Lynch- 
 burg has given birth to other equally famous and much more credit- 
 able progeny, about whose paternity there is no room for argument. 
 Among these may be mentioned " Lone lack," whose excellence is 
 familiar to e\'ery consumer of the "Celestial weed " in every quarter 
 of the globe — alike within the frozen belt of the Polar Zone and 
 beneath the scorching rays of the tropical sun — in the mining camp 
 of the Far West and on the sheep run of the Antipodes. There are 
 other articles of commerce, also distinctively the offspring of Lynch- 
 
 ST. PAUL'S (PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL) CHURCIL 
 (church strekt, corner of seventh.) 
 
 burg, which have rendered her name sweetly familiar in every State and 
 Territory of the Union, such as "Silver Medal Cologne," the fragrant 
 product of one Main Street Drug Establishment, and " Camm's Emul- 
 sion," manufactured at another ; there is " Phertiston," the magical 
 fertilizer and insecticide ; and there are many more names which 
 might be placed upon the roll of honor. Ikit wherefore ? This 
 is not the record of a mushroom — born in the night, matured by the 
 morning dew and doomed to perish before noon-day — but of a giant 
 oak, still in its lusty youth — having only attained, as yet, the years of 
 a single century, but already firmly rooted as the hills upon which it 
 .stands. 
 
72 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 E. E. ROSS, 
 
 L 
 
 L 
 
 IMxVNUPACTURER OF 
 
 Minds of Builders' latGrial. 
 
 SASH. BLINDS. DOOES. MOULDINGS. 
 
 Scroll Work of all Descriptions. 
 
 DCOR AND WJNDOW FRAMES, &c. 
 
 03 
 
 CO 
 
 c^o 
 
 ► * 
 
 CO 
 
 CD 
 ►^ 
 CO 
 
 ]':stiin.itfs made on iill kinds of Buildin^^^ and Remodelling, at short 
 notice, in the City or Countr}', and 
 
 ALL WORK GUARANTEED 
 
 'Jo be h'irst Class. Rest references given. Correspondence Solicited. 
 OFFICE AND SHOP, 
 
 13 10 Jefferson Street, Lynchburg, Ya. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 73 
 
 SLAVERY AND TOBACCO. 
 
 The following extract, relating to the inception and growth of the 
 slave trade and the early cultivation of tobacco, with their influence 
 on the character, manners and general condition of the inhabitants of 
 Colonial Virginia, will afford interesting and instructive reading to 
 those who are not already familiar with the subject. It is drawn from 
 the " Life of Jefferson," by Prof. George Tucker, of the University of 
 Virginia, — a work of high merit, having been written with great per- 
 spicuity and ingenuous fidelity, elucidating, as it does, incidentally, 
 many important points in the civil, political and commercial history 
 of the State. 
 
 " In 1744, at the period of the birth of Mr. Jefferson, the settlement 
 had extended about 200 miles from the sea-coast, and, in the northern 
 part of the Colony, had passed the Blue Ridge. The population was 
 then about 200,000, of whom from a quarter to a third were slaves. 
 
 "The cultivation of tobacco and the introduction of slaves, soon 
 after Virginia was settled, have had a marked influence upon the habits, 
 character and fortunes of the country. The introduction of tobacco 
 in England, about twenty years before the settlement of Jamestown, 
 led to a rapid extension of its use. A demand being thus created, 
 and a heavy price paid, encouraged the first settlers of Virginia to 
 cultivate it for market, to the neglect of other crops. It long con- 
 tinued the sole article of export, and, from the inadequate supply of 
 the precious metals, it became the general measure of value, the prin- 
 cipal currency of the Colony. In 1758, the quantity exported had 
 increased to about seventy millions of pounds, since which time the 
 product has somewhat diminished. 
 
 "As this plant requires land of the greatest fertility, and its finer 
 sorts are produced only in virgin soil, which it soon exhausts, its cul- 
 ture has been steadily advancing westwardly, where fresh land is more 
 abundant, leaving the eastern region it has impoverished to the pro- 
 duction of Indian corn, wheat and other grain. Its cultivation has thus 
 generally ceased in the country below the falls of the great rivers, and, 
 in its progress to the west, the centre of the tobacco region is now 
 two hundred miles from the coast. 
 
 "The business of cultivating tobacco and preparing it for market 
 requires such continual attention, and so much and so many sorts of 
 handling, as to allow to the planter little time for any of the other 
 useful processes of husbandry ; and thus the management of his dairy 
 and orchard, and the useful operations of manuring, irrigation and cul- 
 tivating artificial grasses, are either conducted in a slovenly way or 
 neglected altogether. The tobacco district nowhere exhibits the same 
 external face of verdure, or marks of rural comfort and taste, as are to 
 
24 SKETCH ROOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 te Conpaof 
 
 >:. SCHAEFER, President. T. C. JONES, General Manager. 
 
 CHAS. M. BLACKFORD, Vice President. J. P. WILLIAMS, See'y. and Treas. 
 
 Though the works are not in the City itself, this is nevertheless a 
 Lynchburg enterprise, and, outside its tobacco factories, the most im- 
 portant manufacturing establishment connected with the City and its 
 trade. 
 
 The works are located about four miles above the City; the " big 
 dam " which spans the wide James just above their works, gives them 
 the water power of the whole river, sufficient for several works as large 
 as theirs, but as the Company own the whole tract of land along the 
 river from the dam to the next lock, these advantages will remain 
 secured to them forever. With excellent railroad facilities at their 
 door, located in the midst of the ore lands of the James River Valley, 
 within easy reach of the New River, Clinch Valley and Craig's Creek 
 ore and coal fields, and with this immense water power secured to 
 them forever, the advantage and value of their property cannot 
 be overestimated. In order to fully develop the value of their 
 property, the Company have now determined to add a blast furnace to 
 their works, which will be completed by the end of the year. Making 
 their own iron, they expect to double their profits, at the same time 
 to enlarge the capacity of their works and to extend their trade into 
 new territory. The new stock offered for carrying out these projects 
 was taken up in three days; this fact is proof enough that the Com- 
 pany's advantages and brilliant prospects are fully recognized. The 
 capital stock of the Company is now about $200,000. After their 
 present plans are carried out and the prospective profits realized, 
 further additions to the works are contemplated. 
 
 Their present capacity is something over 400 kegs of nails per day, 
 besides several tons of bar-iron, spikes, &c. The demand for the 
 products of the mill is gi'eater than it can supply, though working to 
 its full capacity; their nails and iron being of superior quality, are sell- 
 ing not only in Virginia and neighboring States, but as far south as 
 Georgia and Alabama and in liirmingham, even in competition with 
 its own products — in fact in many Southern cities. 
 
 By increasing the capacity of their works and cheapening the cost 
 of their product, the Company expect in another year to reach the Mis- 
 sissippi and the Gulf States with their goods. 
 
 Altogether their prospects are most promising and we know that 
 the liberal and energetic management of the works will see to it that 
 they are realized as far as in their power. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 75 
 
 be seen in those countries in which its culture has been abandoned. 
 
 "But the most serious consequence of the tobacco cultivation is to 
 be found in the increase of slaves; for, though it did not occasion their 
 first introduction, it greatly encouraged their importation afterwards. 
 It is to the spirit of commerce, which, in its undistinguished pursuit 
 of gain, ministers to our vices no less than to our necessary wants, 
 that Virginia owes this portentous accession to her population. A 
 Dutch ship from the coast of Guinea, entered James River in 1620, 
 thirteen years after the first settlement of Jamestown, and sold twenty 
 of her slaves to the Colonists. 
 
 "The large profits which could be made from the labor of slaves, 
 while tobacco sold at three shillings sterling a pound, equal to about 
 ten times its ordinary price now, greatly encouraged their further'im- 
 portation, by gi\'ing to the planters the means of purchasing, as well as 
 
 PROPERTY OF THE VIRGINIA NAIL AND IRON WORKS COMPANY, 
 
 the inclination ; and the effect would have been much greater if they 
 had not been continually supplied with labor from the paupers, and 
 sometimes the convicts, who were brought from luigland and sold to 
 the planters for a term of years to defray the expenses of their trans- 
 portation. 
 
 " This supply of English servants, together with the gradual fall in 
 the price of tolDacco, had so checked the importation of slaves that, in 
 the year 1671, according to an official communication from the Gov- 
 ernor, Sir William Berkeley, while the whole population was but 
 40,000 the number of indented servants was 6,000, and that of the slaves 
 was but 2,oco. The importation of the latter, he says, did not exceed 
 two or three cargoes in seven years, but that of servants, of whom, he 
 says, 'most were English, few Scotch and fewer Irish.' he estimates 
 at 1,500 annually. 
 
^6 SKETCH 1500K OF LYNCHBURG, VA. \ 
 
 .IA<;OB H. KUANKLIN. ('HAS. M. FRANKLIN. EDGAR FRANKLIN. 
 
 Jacob H. Franklin & Sons. 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 Gfocefs^^CofiimissiofiMefcliants, 
 
 Keep always in store one of the larjijest and most varied 
 stocks of 
 
 McaYij, Staplo and Fancij Groceries, 
 
 to be fonml in tlie Slate, consistinir in part of Coffees, Teas, Sutrars, Syrups, Molasses, 
 
 Bacon. Bulk Meats, Lard, Rice, Hominy, Cheese, Fish, Soaps, Candles, Soda, 
 
 Bread Powders. Oils. Canned Fruits Vegetables Fish and Meats; 
 
 Brooms. Buckets. Blackintr, Blueine:; Cakes. Crackers, Candies; 
 
 Spices, pround and whole; Concentrated Lye, Potash, 
 
 Matches, Paper, Paper Bags, Twines, Alum, Coj)- 
 
 pen>s, Epsom Salts. Sulphur, &c., &c. 
 
 Which they will sell strictly ivliohsale, as cheajj as they can be bought in this or any 
 
 other market. 
 
 THE 
 
 lynchtarg Ice u Refrigerator Co., 
 
 E. SCHAEFER, President. .JOHN W. CARROLL, \' ice President. 
 
 P.. I. OTEY, Treasurer. 
 
 Is a recent addition to the manufacturing establishments of the City. 
 This Company, as the name indicates, make artificial ice, using dis- 
 tilled water, viz., condensed steam, therefore an absolutely pure 
 article i.s obtained, free from any vegetable or animal germs, which 
 even the best transparent natural ice so often contains. Their capa- 
 city i.s 20,000 pounds per day, more than this in cool weather, some- 
 thing less during the hot weather, when they have to keep the 
 temperature of their ice and cold storage houses down to the freezing 
 point. 
 
 Ice in Lynchburg is now selling at yi cent per pound, in larger 
 quantities at $5 per ton, while in former years the price was about 
 twice as high. The advantage this establishment has been to the City 
 is therefore apparent at a glance. What in most other inland cities 
 of the South is still more or less a luxury, is here selling so low as to 
 bring this — a necessity, almost, in a hot climate — within the reach 
 of all 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 71 
 
 " But in process of time slave labor was found preferable to that of 
 indented white servants, partly because the negro slaves were more 
 cheaply fed and clothed than the laborers who were of the same race 
 as the masters, but principally because they were less able to escape 
 from bondage, and were more easily retaken. The colonial statute 
 book affords abundant evidence of the frequency and facility with which 
 the indented servants ran away from their masters ; and the extent of 
 the mischief may be inferred from the severity of its punishment. In 
 1642, runaway servants were liable, for a second offence, to be branded 
 on the cheek; though fifteen years afterwards the law was so far miti- 
 gated as to transfer this mark of ignominy to the shoulder. In 1663, 
 their term of service, which did not often exceed four or five years, 
 
 RESIDENCE OP MR. P. A. KRISE. 
 (cor. church and sixth streets.) 
 
 might, for the offence of running away, be prolonged, at the discretion 
 of a magistrate, and the master might superadd 'moderate corporeal 
 punishment.' In the following year, this class of persons, prompted 
 by the convicts who had been sent over after the restoration of Charles 
 the Second, formed a conspiracy of insurrection and murder, which 
 was discovered just in time to be defeated. Seven years afterwards, 
 in 1670, the Governor and Council took upon themselves to prohibit 
 the further importation of convicts, whom they call 'jail birds,' and 
 they assign this conspiracy as one of their motives for the order. The 
 privilege, too, enjoyed by the servant, of complaining to the magistrate 
 for the harsh treatment of his master, either as to food, clothing or 
 
/S SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 WINFREE, ADAMS & LOYD, 
 
 MANUFACTrRERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 Plug, Twist, and Smoking Tobacco. 
 
 fn.HE business enterprise, prosperity and solidity of n, City are in a Uir;L,^e measure 
 I indicated by the extent and character of her commercial houses. In the com- 
 ^ merce of the South, the City of Lynchburg occupies a prominent and important 
 position. Her situation, as the natural depot for the reception, manuf icture and ship- 
 ment of tobacco, gives her special prominence in connection with this great staple, 
 which may be considered the main source of the pros[)erity, wealth and commercial 
 standing of the City. 
 
 The old, wealthy and successful establishments en imaged in handlinij and manu- 
 facturing tobacco have become familiar by trade and reputation in all sections of the 
 land. 
 
 One of these is the firm now under review. In 18G7, Mr. C. V. Winfree and Mr. 
 William H. Loyd associated themselves together under the firm name of Winfree & 
 Loyd. Tiie house soon took rank as one of the leading tobacco manufae-tories in this 
 part of the country— a position to which it was justly entitled from the variety 
 and magnitude of its stock, its extensive transactions, and the-well-known charac- 
 teristics of the gentlemen compr)sing the firm. 
 
 About four years ago Mr. (Jharles L. Adams, who" had previously served the firm 
 with faithfidness and ability for many years, was admitted as a partner, and the present 
 name of the tirm (Winfree, Adams & Loyd) was adopted. 
 
 i\ll the members are practical men, having acquired by long training and experi- 
 ence a thorough knowledge of their work and their business is managed carefully, 
 scientifically, and ivith the consummate judgment wliieh disdains the use of inferior 
 materials or the offering of anything short of excellence in manufactured articles. The 
 financial part of tlie concern is managed by the senior [)artner, while Mr. Loyd attends 
 to buying the raw material at the wareliouse sales, and, being a fine judire of qualities, 
 selects the leaf with the utmost care. Tlie tilliug of orders and active office business 
 is under the immediate su{)ervision of Mr. Adams. 
 
 The factory of tiie firm is situated at the coi-ner of Tenth and Lynch Streets, and 
 conijjrises two large four-story brick buildings, forming together one commodious and 
 complete establishment, thoroughly equipi)ed with the nsachinery and appliances neces- 
 sary for their extensive operations. 
 
 The manufacturing business is organized into different departments, managed by 
 com])etent men, all under theconstiint direction of the proprietors. Mr. George W. 
 Stanley, who lias charge of the manufacturing department, is considered one of the 
 best factory managers and manufacturers in V^irginia. 
 
 Their trade in manufactured tobacco is extensive throughout all the Southern 
 States, New Orleans especially being one of the principal centres from which their 
 brands are widely distributed. The house deals exclusively and entirely in medium and 
 fine grades of tiie weed, and the brands they manufacture have become justly popular 
 with consumers. 
 
 Their niost celebrated ))rands aie " Ai'kansas Traveller," a 9-inch rich Mahogany 
 j)lug ; '-Nectar Leaf," an 11 and 12-inch plug for general ui-e ; "Mississippi Sawyer," 
 a great favorite in certain markets; "Cloth of Gold," fine 12-inch plug; "Yum 
 Yum," " Tom and Jerry," " Nip and Tuck." " -lack and Gill," and "Yazoo Belle." 
 The " Eclipse " twi.st is made from Hurley filler and affords an excellent chew. "Fanny 
 Leslie " and " Little Helen " are fine gratles of tobacco, also put up in twist form. 
 
 In granulated srankmg tobacco the firm puts u]) " Virginia Bride," " Old Vir- 
 ginia," "Southern Puff," and other brands in pounds, quarters, eighths and other 
 quantities, as demanded. 
 
 The trade of the house is entirely wholesale, and the firm having the best facilities 
 for tlie prompt fulfillment of orders,"is in a position to offer inducements to the trade 
 second to none of its contenqioraries, while liberality and fair dealing will be found to 
 characterize all its transactions. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 79 
 
 punishment, formed, no doubt, a further ground of preference for slaves, 
 who had no such inconvenient rights. 
 
 " Under the united influence of these circumstances, the number of 
 negro slaves so increased that, in 1732, the Legislature thought proper 
 to discourage their further importation, by a tax on each slave im- 
 ported; and, not to alarm the commercial jealousy of England, the 
 law, conforming to the notions of the age, formally provided for what 
 no mode of levying the tax could have prevented, that the duty 
 should be paid by the purchaser. This duty was at first five per cent, 
 on the value of the slave, but in a few years afterwards, (1740) it was 
 increased to ten per cent, from which it was never reduced. It did 
 not, however, prevent large importations, for we find the number to 
 have increased in 119 years in the ratio of i to 146; that is, from 
 2,000 in the year 1 67 1, to 293,427 in 1790; while in the same period 
 the whites had increased only as i to 12, or from 38,000 to 454,881, 
 In the forty years which have elapsed, from the first to the last census, 
 it is gratifying to perceive that the increase of the free population in 
 Virginia has been somewhat greater than that of the slaves, in the 
 proportion of 63 per cent, to 60, and that this comparative gain 
 seems to be gradually increasing. 
 
 "As Eastern Virginia is everywhere intersected by navigable rivers, 
 which are skirted on either side by rich alluvial lands, the early settlers, 
 whose plantations were principally ^ong the margins of the rivers, 
 were able to carry on a direct intercourse with foreign countries, from 
 their separate dwellings. Thus commerce, by the very diffusion of 
 its most important natural facilities, did not here concentrate in a few 
 favorable spots and foster the growth of towns, as in most of the other 
 Colonies ; and, at the beginning of the Revolution, Williamsburg, the 
 seat of Government, and the largest town in Virginia, itself the most 
 populous of the Colonies, did not contain 2,000 inhabitants. But as 
 the bees which form no hive collect no honey, the commerce, which 
 was thus dispersed, accumulated no wealth. The disadvantages of this 
 dispersion were eventually perceived by the Colonists, and man)- efforts 
 were made by the Legi.slature to remedy the mischief by authorizing 
 the establishment of towns on selected sites, and giving special privi- 
 leges and immunities to those who built or those who resided on them. 
 Their purpose was also favored, and even stimulated, by the Govern- 
 ment, from fiscal considerations. Rut most of these legislative efibrts 
 failed, and none were very successful. Thus, in 1680, as many as 
 twenty towns were authorized by Act of Assembly, being one for 
 each County; yet at not more than three or four of the designated 
 spots is there even a village remaining to attest the propriety of the 
 selection. 
 
 "There were, indeed, wanting in the Colony all the ordinary con- 
 stituents of a large town. Here were no manufactories to bring 
 together and employ the ingenious and industrious. The Colonists, 
 
SKETCH BOOK OF LYNXHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 LYNCH HOUSE. 
 
 LEADING HOTEL. 
 
 CD 
 
 CD 
 
 . 4 
 
 i 
 
 CD 
 
 6¥ 
 
 CD 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 c— »- 
 
 
 FIVE piNflTEg W/ILK FI^OP DEPOT. 
 
 $2,00 Per Day, Meals and Lodgings, 50 Cents Each. 
 
 TABLE UNEXCELLED. 
 
 Best SarT:iple Rooms in the City. 
 
 hot and cold baths. 
 
 Baggage Wagons and Porters Meet all Trains. Omnibus Free. 
 
 PETTYJOHN & MARSHALL, 
 
 FK,OI»I*IETOI?,S, 
 
 T^-y ncliLlo-cLxg', 
 
 "^irg^irLia., 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 8 1 
 
 devoting themselves exclusively to agriculture, owned no shipping 
 which might have induced them to congregate for the sake of carrying on 
 their foreign commerce to more advantage; here was no Court, which, 
 by its splendor and amusements, might attract the gay, the volup- 
 tuous and the rich; there was not even a class of opulent landlords, 
 to whom it is as easy to live on their rents in town as in the country, 
 and far more agreeable. But the very richest planters all cultivated 
 their own lands with their own slaves; and, while those lands fur- 
 nished most of the materials of a generous and even profuse hospitality, 
 they could be consumed only where they were produced, and could 
 neither be transported to a distance nor converted into money. The 
 tobacco, which constituted the only article of export, served to pay 
 for the foreign luxuries which the planter required ; yet, with his 
 social habits, it was barely sufficient for that purpose, and not a few 
 of the largest estates were deeply in debt to the Scotch or English 
 merchants who carried on the whole commerce of the country. Nor 
 was this system of credit more eagerly sought by the improvident 
 planter than it was given by the thrifty and sagacious trader, for it 
 afforded to him a sure pledge for the consignment of the debtor's 
 crop, on the sales of which his fair perquisites amounted to a liberal 
 profit; and if he was disposed to abuse his trust, his gains were enor- 
 mous. The merchants were therefore ready to ship goods and accept 
 bills of exchange on the credit of future crops, while their factors in 
 the Colony took care, in season, to make the debt safe by a mortgage 
 on the lands and slaves of the planter. Some idea of the pecuniary 
 thraldom to which the Virginia planter was formerly subjected may 
 be formed from the fact that twice a year, at a general meeting of the 
 merchants and factors in Williamsburg, they settled the price of to- 
 bacco, the advance on the sterling cost of goods, and the rate of ex- 
 change with England. It can scarcely be doubted that the regulations 
 were framed as much to the advantage of the merchants as they be- 
 lieved it practicable to execute. Yet it affords evidence of the 
 sagacious moderation with which this delicate duty was exercised, that 
 it was not so* abused as to destroy itself 
 
 " This state of things exerted a decided influence on the manners 
 and character of the Colonists, untrained to habits of business and 
 possessed of the means of hospitality. They were open-handed and 
 open-hearted; fond of society, indulging in all its pleasures and prac- 
 ticing all its courtesies. But these social virtues also occasionally 
 ran into the kindred vices of love of show, haughtiness, sensuality — 
 and many of the wealthier class were to be seen seeking relief from 
 the vacuity of idleness, not merely in the allowable pleasures of the 
 chase and the turf, but in the debasing ones of cock-fighting, gaming 
 and drinking. Literature was neglected, or cultivated by the small 
 number who had been educated in England, rather as an accomplish- 
 
S2 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 GEORGE D. WITT. GEORGE P. WATKINS. 
 
 WITT & WATKINS, 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 Boots & Shoes. 
 
 These gentlemen commenced business in July, 1S7S, and are the 
 Pioneers in the Exclusively Wholesale BOOT and SHOE Trade 
 in Lynchburg. Their business has increased regularly with each 
 season, necessitating a move from one Warehouse to another, to 
 obtain more commodious quarters, until February of 1883, when they 
 mo\ ed into the spacious building which they now occupy, No. 808 
 Main Street, (see engraving on page loi), the dimensions of which 
 are 25 feet front by 132 feet deep, five .stories high, with all of the 
 modern improvements for the conduct and dispatch of business. 
 They have found it profitable to employ six traveling salesmen, and 
 their house is represented all through the Southern States generally. 
 Their motto from the commencement of their business has been 
 " quick sales and small profits," and to-day they claim to be the lead- 
 ing JOBBING BOOT AND SHOE HOUSE of the Old Dominion. 
 Their Kip Hand-Made Western- I m pro ved Boot and Shoe, sold un- 
 der their guarantee, enjoy a reputation for general utility and dura- 
 bility unequalled by any similar styles of goods on the market. 
 
 Among the advantages which this House has are the quick delivery 
 of goods to their customers, being nearer to the trade for which they 
 cater, and the .saving of freight to their patrons, which in many in- 
 stances is less by 2}^ to 3 per cent, on an entire bill, than from 
 Northern markets. Recognizing and even realizing the oft-ques- 
 tioned, but nevertheless indisputable and irrefutable argument, that 
 Southern Jobuinc, Houses, as compared with those in the North 
 and East, hold, in a steadily increasing degree, the vantage ground, 
 based on the fundamental principles of reason and economy, to fur- 
 nish and supply the South with her merchandise, WITT & WAT- 
 KINS press forward from season to season with renewed energy and 
 strengthened determination to force their advantages of situation into 
 notice, and their success, as the result of their efforts, continues to 
 grow to a very gratifying extent, as the years come and go. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 83 
 
 ment and a mark of distinction than for the substantial benefit it 
 confers. 
 
 "Let us not, however, overrate the extent of these consequences 
 of slavery. If the habitual e.xercise of authority, united to a want of 
 steady occupation, deteriorated the character of some, it seemed to 
 
 give a greater elevation of virtue to others 
 
 Domestic slavery, in fact, 
 places the master in a state of moral discipline, and, according to the 
 use he makes of it, is he made better or worse. If he exercises his 
 unrestricted power over the slave, in giving ready indulgence to his 
 
84 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Attorney- at-Law, 
 
 LYNCHBUR G, - - VI RGINIA. 
 
 TiMBERLAKE, JaCKSON & CO.. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF TOBACCO, 
 
 CBCIE^sAT" 
 
 \ coojyr, Xiy^^^y, 
 
 Sxji^a-Eonsr IDe]N"tist, 
 
 908 3IAIN ST., LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 W. M. SEAY, 
 
 814 Church Street, Lyiiehbitrg, Va. 
 CALL FOR ESTIMATES. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 
 
 W. O. JOHNSON, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 STAPLE anfl FHCY GROCERIES, CONFECTIONERIES. TOBACCO, CIGARS, k 
 
 S14 Main Street, Lynchburg, Yirginia. 
 
 Dunsmore's Business College, Staunton, Virginia. 
 
 This Institution lias ))een iiicorpi)rateil by tlie Lojiislature of tlie State of Virginia and 
 endorsed by some of ber best citizens. It not only teaches younsc and middle-aged men 
 thetheory of Business and Accounting, but each and every one is required to do actual 
 business transactions, as they would have to do in every-day life. They are thoroughly 
 ti'alned in everything pertaining to business life. 
 
 Staunton, Va., July 30, 1884. 
 We take pleasure in recommending to the public "Dunsmore's Business College," of 
 this city. We have attended and taken i)art in several examinations of Mr. Dunsmore's 
 pupils, and can testify to his thoroughness as a teacher, and to the uniform proficiency 
 Of his scholars. His pupils are now filling a number of important positions, and his college 
 is destined to take; rank among the leading Business Colleges of the country. 
 
 THO. A. BLEDSOE, Cdshier Nat. Val. Bank. 
 W. P. TAMS, CuHhiir Aiujusta Nat. Bank. 
 Staunton, Va., May 20, 1886. 
 * * * You are doing an admirable work and doing it admirably. I do not hesitate to 
 commend you and your institiation very heartily. HEUBERT H. HAWES, 
 
 Pastor Second Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Staunton, Va., May 26, 1886. 
 It gives me pleasure to bear witness to the surpassing merits of Prof. Dunsmore's Busi- 
 ness College. He is a born teacher, and his College has no superior. ,. , ^, 
 
 JAAlES NELSON, D. D., Pastor First Baptist Church. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 85 
 
 liumors or caprice — if he habitually yields to impulses of anger, 
 and punishes whenever he is disobeyed, or obeyed imperfectly — 
 he is certainly the worse for the institution which has thus af- 
 forded aliment to his evdl propensities. But if, on the other 
 hand, he has been taught to curb these sallies of passion or freaks of 
 caprice, or has subjected himself to a course of salutary restraint, he is 
 continually strengthening himself in the virtues of self-denial, forbear- 
 ance and moderation, and he is all the better for the institution which 
 has afforded so much occasion for the practice of these virtues. (The 
 character of the Presidents which Virginia has furnished may be ap- 
 pealed to for a confirmation of this view ; and many living illustrations 
 will readily present themselves to all who have a personal knowledge 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 (on main street, between twelfth and thirteenth.) 
 of the Southern States.) If, therefore, in a slave-holding country, we 
 see some of the masters made irascible, cruel and tyrannical, we see 
 many others as remarkable for their mildness, moderation and self- 
 command ; because, in truth, both the virtues of the one and the vices 
 of the other are carried to the greater extreme by the self-same pro- 
 cess of habitual exercise." 
 
 MUNICIPAL. 
 In the year 1880, the City Ordinances of Lynchburg were revised 
 and arranged by the then City Attorney, Capt. Charles M. Blackford, 
 
86 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 O. J^. GOLEHVII^JN" &o OO. 
 
 -DEALEISS IN- 
 
 BOOT8, SHOES, HATS, TRUNKS, &c., &c. 
 
 j8®=-PRIUES T(» suit THE TUMES. 
 
 Advoup contPiiiplatins building will ttnd it to tlieir advantage to correspond with K. 
 (J . HUKKHuLLiEK iV KOX before beginningto build. Time, money and trouble saved, by 
 having your plans tlioroughly prepared, and the erection superintended by competent 
 
 R. C. BURKHOLDER & SON, Architects, 
 
 LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 
 
 JOHN M. PAYNE, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law and Commissioner in Chancery, 
 
 OF THE CIRCUIT UOUHT. 
 
 Lynchburg, Virginia. 
 
 •*■ Practices in tlie Courts of Lynclibuig and neigliljoring Counties. 
 
 J. W. EDWARDS, 
 
 804 Main Street, Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 J^^^A coniniodunis and thoroiij,dily equii>iMMl studio. Pictures taken by the new 
 "Instantaneous Pioeess." 
 
 J". IF^HIIXj. shzj^^dntek., 
 
 (I.ATK .iF SII.VNER liKOS.) 
 
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 LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 MOTTO: — OuicK Sales, Fair Dealincis and Small Profits. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 87 
 
 and published in a neat volume, containing also a good deal of valua- 
 ble extraneous information. The following extracts from the intro- 
 duction to this work will be found interesting, as bearing directly upon 
 the municipal history of the City : 
 
 " The Legislature of Virginia, in October, 1786, vested in certain 
 trustees forty-five acres of the land of John Lynch, ' lying contiguous 
 to Lynch's Ferry,' in the county of Campbell. The village thus laid 
 out was named Lynchburg, after the owner of the soil. The trus- 
 tees sold this land in half-acre lots, at public auction at first, and sub- 
 sequently at private sale, for the benefit of John Lynch. The lots 
 brought an average of ^^53, in the Virginian currency of that day. 
 
 RESIDENCE OP Mli. JOHN W. FAULKNER. 
 
 (ON Fn-"rU AVENUE.) 
 
 " The first meeting of this Board of Trustees was held on the <Sth 
 of May, 1787, at which John Clarke, Jesse Burton, Joseph Stratton, 
 William Martin, Micajah Moorman and Achilles Douglas were pres- 
 ent. Richard Stith was appointed to survey and lay off the town. 
 According to his map, the eastern boundary of the town was Lynch 
 Street ; the western. Court Street ; the northern, a line running be- 
 tween Sixth and Seventh Streets, at right angles to Lynch and Court 
 Streets ; and the southern, a line running between Eleventh and 
 Twelfth Streets, parallel to the northern boundary. 
 
 " The trustees had no control of the town, except over the legal 
 titles of the unsold lots ; the money they received for the lots was 
 paid over to John Lynch. They met from time to time from 1786 
 to 1817. 
 
 ******* ^: 
 
 " The Town of Lynchburg was first incorporated by an Act of the 
 
88 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 HILLSMAN & MYERS, 
 
 The * Reliable * Clothiers, 
 
 Merchant Tailors and Gent's Furnishers, 
 
 Enjoy an enviable reputation among the Clothing Trade of Central 
 
 Virginia. Both members are native-born young men, of untiring 
 
 energy, who by polite attention and fair dealing have gained for 
 
 themselves a high position as successful merchants. They 
 
 show one of the largest and best-selected stocks of 
 
 Clothing I Gent's Furnishing Goods 
 
 TO BE FOUND IX THE SOUTH. 
 
 Artistic t Tailoring $ a J Specialty. 
 
 903 Main Street, Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 WM. H. FORd7 
 
 MUNOFiiciyfitfi OF moNS m bogcies, eniLfioiio m m^ cuiiis, 
 
 Wleelliarrows. Plows, Harrows, Straw Cutters, &c„ 
 
 LYNCH STREET, BETWEEN llTH AND 12TH. LYNCHBURG, VA, 
 
 Contractor for all kinds of Stone and Brick Work. Also, constantly on hand in 
 larg:e quantities ALL KINDS OP TEKRA LOTTA PIPING, for Sewers" and Drums. 
 CHIMNEY CAPS, &c. 
 
 JOHN W. JONES, 
 
 (Successor to Elliott & Jones.) 
 
 LIVERY .R ^ SWmCHSJRBI, 
 
 ^=-9tli and lOtli, 
 
 Saddle Sorse;, Hicks aid Suggics for Eiit. Hoises and Ms fot Sals. 
 
 Carriages, Buggies, PlKi'tons and Spring Waguiis for Hire. ms'TKrEPHOJX'H 68. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS IRAUE. 
 
 89 
 
 General Assembly passed on the loth of January, 1805. As the 
 Record Book of the Common Council, from its first meeting-, in 1805, 
 to the year 181 i, has been lost, there is nothing known of the first 
 organization of that body. The first Corporation Court met on the 
 6th of May, 1805, in the Masonic Hall, situated on the corner of 
 Ninth and Church Streets, which was, for the time, made the Court 
 House for the place.* The Court was held by William Warwick, 
 Mayor ; Thomas Wiatt. Recorder ; and George D. Winston, Samuel 
 J. Harrison, Roderic Taliaferro and Meredith Lambert, Aldermen. 
 William Norvell was appointed Clerk ; Josiah Leake, Commonwealth's 
 Attorney ; and John Davis, Sergeant. 
 
 " The First Extension of the Coiporate Limits. — Without additional 
 legislation; John Lynch added several squares to both ends of the 
 Town as laid out in 1786. On the 10th of January, 1805, the Legi.s- 
 
 MESSRS. HILLSMxiN & MYERS' CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 (no. 903 MAIN STREET.) 
 
 lature passed the ' Act for incorporating the Town of Lynchburg 
 and for enlarging the same.' All half-acre lots of land, as the same 
 were laid off by John Lynch, adjoining the Town of Lynchburg, 
 were declared to be a part of the town as soon as a plat thereof was 
 put on record by John Lynch at Campbell Court House. This was 
 done, and this map, which is still in existence, is the first plat of the 
 town which can be found. 
 
 *NoTE.— This Hall, which was a frame building, was removed, on rollers, in 1846, to Fifth 
 Street, between Main and Church Streets, and is now occupied as a residence by Uol. Aug. 
 Forsburg, the City Engineer. The present Masonic Hall, was erected in 1846-7, on the 
 site of the old one.— Ed. 
 
go SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Surgeon Dentist, 
 
 COR. CHURCH and EIGHTH STREETS, L YNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 (Opposite Norvell-Arlington House) 
 
 G, A. DIUWID & sot 
 
 CO 
 
 CTD 
 
 3sro. eie i^j^xht stir,eet, 
 
 LYNCHBURa - - Virginia. 
 
 All Calls, Day or Night, AttenfleJ to Willi Promptness. 
 
 For the past 70 years this business has JDeen conducted at the 
 same stand. 
 
 A. H. BURROUGHS, 
 
 ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, 
 
 th^TwTlliams^ 
 
 Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 ~"^AMU EL gTw I N G FIELDr 
 Attorney at IjAW, 
 
 1011 Main Street, - . - - Lynchburg, Va. 
 
ITS PEOPLE A'ND ITS TRADE. 
 
 91 
 
 ''Second Extension. — On the 9th of February, 181 3. the Legisla- 
 ture added to the corporate limits ' that lot of ground conveyed by 
 John Lynch, Sr., to the Corporation of the Town of Lynchburg for 
 a public square, and on which said Corporation hath erected a Court 
 
 House and Jail.' 
 
 ******** 
 
 ''Fifth Extension. — On the 30th of January, 1826, the Legislature 
 further extended the limits so as to include the land lying in the fol- 
 lowing boundaries, to wit : 
 
 ' Beirinnins at the east line at the junction of Fifth Street (now Clay) ami Sixth 
 Alley (now Twelfth Street) ; thence along the branch of the south margin of the 
 river to the horse-foixl ; thence along the banks of the river to Blackwater Creek, and 
 along the creek to the limits of the said town on the north.' 
 
 RESIDE^X;E OP MRS. S. B. McCORKLE. 
 (corner of main and pine streets.) 
 
 " This Act required that the Hustings Court .should appoint three 
 Commissioners, whose duty it should be to lay off the added territory 
 into ' convenient lots, streets and alleys,' and to make a correct plan 
 of the same for recordation. This was done by Thomas Dillard, D. 
 G. Murrell and Ralph Smith, Jr., and their report and plan were duly 
 recorded on the 5th of June, 1827. This is the first extension the 
 limits of which reached the river, and even then the river front was 
 narrow, extending only from the mouth of Blackv/ater. at the toll- 
 bridge, to the mouth of the Horse-ford at Hurt's Mill. 
 
 " Seventh Extension. — This was the last and most comprehensive. 
 On the 9th day of December, 1 870, the Legislature declared that the 
 boundaries of the City of Lynchburg should be extended and defined 
 
92 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Virginian Job Printing House 
 
 U4 
 
 C=> 
 
 a-4 
 
 
 C~^ 
 
 
 CD 
 
 pa 
 
 1001 MAIN STREET, 
 
 CHAS. F. & JOS. BUTTON, Proprietors, 
 
 Every Kind of Printing Executed in First-Class Style and 
 at Reasonable Prices. 
 
 ESTIMATES PROMPTLV FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. "®8 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 93 
 
 as follows ; * * * This act required that a plat of these territo- 
 ries and boundaries ' with the notes and remarks thereon explaining 
 thereof, made by Col. Aug. Forsberg,' the City Engineer, should be 
 certified by the President and Clerk of the Council to the Clerk of 
 the Corporation Court for recordation. It was so certified and has 
 been duly recorded. 
 
 " The limits as laid down in this Act are those of the present time. 
 All of these extensions were made without taking the vote of the 
 people thus incorporated. 
 
 -t. * 'J(i :i: * +- t- * 
 
 " Several large districts within the present limits, but outside of 
 the corporate lines of 1827, were laid off into squares and streets by 
 the owners, and the streets so laid off dedicated to the use of the 
 public by placing the plats on record and by other distinct acts de- 
 claring such intent. 
 
 ;■; %-: ■:^i i^ ■^ ^ ^ -^ 
 
 " The first movement towards supplying the town with water was 
 in 1799, when ' The Lynchburg Fire Company ' obtained leave from 
 the trustees to sink wells and erect pumps on Main Street for the 
 convenience and .safety of the citizens. They availed themselves of 
 the privilege to a very limited extent, although several pumps were 
 placed on the side walks and were used by the public for many years. 
 
 "In 181 1, the Council granted to John Lynch the privilege of con- 
 veying water in wooden pipes through the streets from the springs on 
 his farm at the head of Horseford Branch. These springs still exist 
 on the squares lying between Madison, Federal, Sixth and Seventh ; 
 then they were in a secluded forest of original growth For the use 
 of this water Lynch was authorized to charge the citizens, the town 
 reserving the right to use so much of it as was necessary to extin- 
 guish fires. The better to avail themselves of this ])rivi!ege, in 181 3 
 the town authorities built a small reservoir on Ninth Street, between 
 Main and Court, close to the line of Court. This structure was 
 twelve feet square and ten feet deep, and was kept full of water to 
 meet the emergencies of a fire. It seems to have leaked badly, and 
 there was much complaint that the street in its neighborhood was 
 made almost impassable thereby. Four fire plugs were erected at 
 the same time, from which the little fire engine the town then boasted 
 could be supplied. John Lynch sold out his interest in these primi- 
 tive water works in 18 17 to James Wade, and to them alone did our 
 people look for water until 1827, when, after much violent agitation, 
 it was determined by a vote of the people to build a pump house, 
 dam, and the reservoir on Clay .Street, at a cost of ^50,000. To 
 meet this expense the first debt of the town was created. The reser- 
 voir was constructed under the supervision of Albert Stein, Esq., a 
 Civil Engineer of distinction, and was finished in 1830, when it was 
 
94 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 JAME.S T. WILLIAMS. JEHU K. WILLLVMS. A. 8. WHITE. L. G. EFFINGEK 
 
 JAMES T, WILLIAMS, SON Si CO,, 
 
 WHOLESALE ? GROCERS, 
 
 JOBBERS OF MANUFACTURED TOBACCO, 
 
 And Commission Merchants. 
 
 Quotations Gladly Furnished, Correspondence Solicited. 
 608-6i0 main street, 
 
 W. N. BROWN, 
 
 -WHOLESALE DEALER IN- 
 
 Confectioneries •:• and ■■•■ Fancy •:• Groceries, 
 
 Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 
 
 NO GOODS AT RETAIL. 
 
 \^".W^ 
 
 BUTLER BROS., 
 
 House, Sign and Carriage 
 
 —-'■-' 103 rEle-^eantli street, 
 
 Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 
 
 = ^--aNC^ j---^?^ House, Sign and Carriage 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 95 
 
 inauguarated amidst great enthusiasm by a very elaborate civic and 
 military procession. 
 
 " The reservoir of 1830 seems at the time to have been regarded 
 by our forefathers as large enough to meet the demands of an indefi- 
 nite future ; but the growth of the town, very soon after its comple- 
 tion, developed the need of a further supply. 
 
 " Samuel Miller, Esq., who amassed a large fortune in the City of 
 Lynchburg, died on the 2nd of March, 1869. The 22nd clause of 
 his will gave $20,000 to the City ' to be appropriated toward the pay- 
 ment of the debt which may be contracted ' in furnishing a future 
 supply of water, provided such supply was furnished within ten years 
 from the day of his death, otherwise the legacy was to lapse. The 
 Council determined to secure the sum to the City, although it was 
 entirely inadequate to the purpose designated in the will ; and in May, 
 
 RESIDENCE OP MR. JAMES T. WILLIAMS. 
 
 (corner of fedkral and ninth streets.) 
 
 1877, the construction of the new reservoir on College Hill was com- 
 menced and rapidly pushed through, under the control of a commit- 
 tee of citizens, consisting of Wilson P. Bryant, Chairman ; C. V. 
 Winfree, Robert Early, John M. Miller and Charles M. Blackford. 
 The plans and specifications were prepared by Col. Aug. Forsberg, 
 the City Engineer, who supervised the work. The contractor was 
 Wm. H. Ford. The work was completed in eighteen months after 
 it was commenced. The present Council is causing a new pump 
 house to be built, in which will be placed new and improved ma- 
 chinery, and it is supposed that these wise outlays will secure to the 
 City a bountiful supply of water for some years to come. 
 
 "In 1813 a small structure was erected as a Market House in 
 Ninth or Bridge Street, between Main and Church Streets. Its orig-- 
 
96 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LVNCHBURC;, VA. ; 
 
 THE PEOPLES NATIONAL BANK 
 
 OF 
 
 Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 
 
 Capital, $205,300. Surplus Fund, $70,000, 
 
 C. M. BLACKFORD. President. 
 
 K. VV. ORENSIIAVV, Vice-President. 
 
 J. W. IVEY, Cashier. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 C. M. BLACKFORD. W. W. TYF.ER. JACOB IL FRANKLIN, 
 
 JOHN D. LANGIIORNE, \l. W . CRENSHAW, T. N. DAVLS, 
 
 C. V. WINFREE, JAMES A. FORD. JAMES R. GILLL\M. 
 
 JOHN H. FLOOD, JAMES T. WILIjL\MS, 
 
 A Gexkkal Bankix,; Business Transvcted. 
 
 PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO COLLECTIONS. 
 
 WEBSTER. 
 
 With or without Fateiit Imlex. 
 
 PRICE 50 CENTS, 
 
 
 IT IS THE STANDARD 
 
 in tlic Gov't rriiiUii^' Oliice, :uid .Vuthority with 
 tlic U. y. Supreiiit! Court, and is recommended 
 t)y the titute Sup'ts of Schools in 36 States. 
 
 A Dictionary 
 
 118,0(10 Words, .".ooii Engravings, 
 
 A Gazetteer of the World 
 
 of L>.-|,( ■IKIrs, (rcrcntlyaddrd) and 
 
 A Biographical Dictionary 
 
 of n.-;uiy lo,(io(i Noted Persons, 
 
 All in One Book. 
 
 The latest edition, in the quantity of matter it ' 
 contains, Is belicvcil to be the largest volume | 
 pultlished. It has IJOOO more Words in its vo- | 
 cabuhn-y tlian are found in any other Am. Dlot'y, 
 and nearly :5 times the number of Engravings. 
 
 Ft is an invalnnlile aid to intelligence in every 
 yehodl and Family. 
 
 G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Pub'rs, Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Hl.'^TOKICAL AND INDUSTRIAL 
 
 (iuiDE TO Petersburg, Va." 
 
 Sketch Book of Danville, 
 Va.; Its Manufactures and 
 Commerce." 
 
 .Sketch Book of Portsmouth, 
 Va.; Its People and its 
 Trade." 
 
 PRICE 30 CENTS. 
 
 "Sketch lk)OK of Suffolk, Va.; 
 Its People and its Trade." 
 
 edwardTollock, 
 
 Author and Publisher, 
 BOX 1 19, - PORTSMOUTH, VA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 97 
 
 inal cost was $400. This primitive building had additions made to it 
 on several occasions, and when, in i<S73, it was finally removed, its 
 proportions, which arc still fresh in the memory even of younger citi- 
 zens, were far from attractive. (See engraving on page 59.) 
 
 " The present Market House, on Main Street, was built during the 
 year 1873. 
 
 * * * t- t- t- * * 
 
 " The first Court House was built in 181 2, upon a lot given to the 
 Corporation by John Lynch, Sr. It was taken down and the present 
 structure erected on the same site in 1852. 
 
 THE PEOPLES NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 (811 MAIN STREET.) 
 
 " A census was taken by order of the Council in 18 16 by Richard- 
 son Taylor, which proved the population of the town to be 3,087, of 
 whom 1,765 were white and 1,322 colored. The census for 1880 
 shows its population to be 16,012 ;* but how many are white and how 
 many are colored the books of the new census are not sufficiently 
 closed to ascertain. 
 
 " The 7>cc'u of Lynchburg became the CITY of Lynchburg by an 
 Act of the Legislature, on the 20th of May, 1852. 
 
 "The first public burying ground was situated at the southwest 
 corner of Court and Tenth Streets. In 18 16 it was abandoned, and 
 
 *N0TE.— The revised census of 18S0 shows the population of the City to have been 15,959 
 in that year; of these 7.485 were white and 8.47J colored.— Ed. 
 
98 SKETCFl BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Furniture S' Mattresses, 
 
 A New Feature. 
 
 ^-t^^^ 
 
 I have recently made arrangements with some of the largest fac- 
 tories in the United States for the handling of their goods, upon such 
 terms as will enable me to sell their goods at factory prices. When 
 it is remembered that no factory of any importance, or any house in 
 the State, is offering anything like this, I think it well to try me. 
 
 In addition to the Jobbing Trade, I propose to continue my Retail 
 Business in all of its branches, and will be glad to serve my old friends, 
 and add as many new ones to my list as possible. 
 
 I am now getting out a Catalogue, which I hope to have ready by 
 i5t July. Write for a copy. 
 
 THE FURNITURE MAN, 
 
 210-212 NINTH STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 Jacob Shaner, 
 
 Late of Shaner Brothers. 
 
 BUTCHER, 
 
 ' Residence, 1922 Grace Street, 
 
 i^-FAMILTES AND HOTELS SUPPLIED AT SHORT NOTICE "^ 
 
 A. H. PLECP^R, 
 
 IP h: o T o Q-K. J^ :f n E K., 
 
 902 MAIN STREET, LYNCHBURG, V/\. 
 
 All work promptly and artistically finished. Particular attention given to coi>ying 
 and enlarging old pictures. Also headquarters for Photographic Frames. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 99 
 
 became the 
 
 the cemetery known as the ' Methodist Grave Yard 
 pubhc cemetery. 
 
 " On the 28th of December, 1849, the City contributed ^500,000 
 to the capital stock of the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad Company, 
 partly by direct subscription and partly by a guaranty of six per 
 cent, dividends of the stock to be taken by others, 
 
 "On the 1 8th of February, 1 871, it subscribed ^200,000 to the 
 capital stock of the Lynchburg & Danville Railroad Company. 
 
 MR. J. L. THOMPSON'S FURNITURE ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 (210 AND 212 NINTH STREET.) 
 
 " Without these liberal subscriptions, neither of these great works 
 of internal improvement could at the time have been built. 
 
 " On the breaking out of the war, in 1861, Lynchburg furnished 
 very nearly a thousand men as its quota to the Confederate Army, 
 most of whom were equipped at its expense. The number of killed 
 and wounded amongst its citizens was therefore proportionately 
 
fOO SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 heavy. No battle took place during the war that the City was not 
 called upon to mourn the loss of its gallant sons. 
 
 " Tlie City, though threatened in June, 1864, by Hunter's Army, 
 never was in the hands of the Federal forces until after the surrender 
 at Appomattox Court House, and when it was occupied it was sub- 
 ject to no pillage. 
 
 "Since the war, Lynchburg, by reason of the energy, thrift and 
 frugality of its citizens, has overcome many of the obstacles which 
 retarded the prosperity of other Southern towns, and has steadily 
 advanced in population and wealth ; and it is now claimed that in the 
 future its progress will be both rapid and sure." 
 
 THE FIRST RRSERVOn^ AND WATER WORKS. 
 
 The subjoined is quoted b)' Mr. Howe, but the authorship is not 
 stated : 
 
 "The Lynchburg Water Works, for furnishing the town with an 
 unfailing supply of pure and wholesome water, were constructed in 
 1828—29, under the direction of Albert Stein, Esq., Engineer, at an 
 expense of ;^5o,oco. The height — unprecedeiited in this country — to 
 which it was necessary to raise the water, renders this one of the 
 most interesting undertakings of the kind in the United States. 
 
 *' An arm of the James, formed by an island about two miles in 
 length, is crossed, a short distance above the limits of the Corpora- 
 tion, by a dam 10 feet high. A canal of half a mile in length con- 
 veys the water to the pump-house on the river bank, at the foot of 
 Third Alley. A double forcing-pump, on the plan of De la Hire, 
 worked by a large breast wheel, impels the water through the ascend- 
 ing pipe, which is 2,000 feet long, to a reservoir containing 400,000 
 gallons, situated between Fourth and Fifth Streets, and at the eleva- 
 tion of 253 feet above the level of the river. Fire-plugs are connected 
 with the distributing pipes at every intersection of the alleys with 
 Second and Third Streets, and afford an admirable security against 
 the danger of fire. The height of the reservoir, above these streets, 
 gives a jet of water, by means of hose pipes, of from 60 to 80 feet 
 elevation, and throws it, in bold and continuous streams, over the 
 roofs of the highest houses. 
 
 "The water power created by the dam for the Water Works is 
 amply suffici-ent for working a large additional amount of machinery, 
 and waits only for a clearer perception by capitalists of the manufac- 
 turing advantages of this town, to be brought into extensive use. 
 The cheapness of labor, the abundance of provisions, and the extent 
 and wealth of the country looking this way for supplies of domestic, 
 as well as of foreign goods, unite with the vast water-power, actually 
 prepared and ready for any application, in inviting the attention of 
 men of capita! and enterprise to this important subject." 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. TO I 
 
 The following account of the ceremony of laying the corner stone 
 of the Water Works is from a local newspaper of that date : 
 
 "Interesting Event. — On Saturday last, (August 23rd, 1828,) 
 an event deeply interesting to Lynchburg took place ; one in which 
 the convenience, health and safety of us all are involved. The cor- 
 ner stone of the Lynchburg Water Works was laid — works, the mag- 
 
 MESSRS. WITT & WATKINS' BOOT AND SHOE WAREHOUSE. 
 (main street, between eighth and ninth.) 
 
 nitude of which exceeds any ever attempted in Virginia. . . . The 
 stone was laid with civic, masonic and military ceremonies. About 
 9 A. M. the procession was formed at the Presbyterian Church, at the 
 lower end of Main Street, in the following order : The Military ; the 
 
I02 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 reverend Clergy ; the Engineer ; the members of the Common Coun- 
 cil, preceded by the Water Committee ; the Judge of the General 
 Court for the Circuit and Mayor of the Corporation ; the Recorder 
 and Aldermen ; the Masonic Fraternity ; Citizens. 
 
 " When the procession, under the directions of the Marshals of the 
 day, — Major James B. Risque, Col, Maurice H. Langhorne, and Cap- 
 tains R. R. Phelps, Samuel I. Wiat, and A. M. Gilliam — reached the 
 ground, the Artillery and Rifle Companies formed a hollow square, 
 within which were the Masons, the adjacent banks being thronged 
 with spectators. 
 
 "The impressive ceremonies commenced with a prayer, appro- 
 priate to the occasion, by the Rev. W. S. Reid, followed by solemn 
 music. The Rev. F. G. Smith then implored of the Supreme Archi- 
 tect of the Universe a blessing on the undertaking. The Masonic 
 Fraternity proceeded to lay the corner stone ; the plate bears the fol- 
 lowing inscription : 
 
 This stone, the foundation of a work executed by order of 
 the Common Council of Lynchburg, for supplying the town 
 with water, was laid under the direction of John Victor, John 
 Thurman, John Early, David G. Murrell, and Samuel Claytor,> 
 by the Rt. W. Howson S. White, D. D., G. Master, and the 
 Worshipful Maurice H. Garland, M. of Marshall Lodge, No. 
 39, of Free and Accepted Masons, on the 23d August, A. M. 
 5828, A. D. 1828, in presence of the Mayor, Recorder, Alder- 
 men and Common Councilmen of said Town ; the members 
 of said Lodge ; the Artillery and Rifle Companies, commanded 
 by Captains J. E. Norvell and James W. Pegram, and numerous 
 Citizens, Albon McDaniel, Esq., Mayor, John Thurman, Esq.> 
 President of the Council, Albert Stein, Esq., Engineer. 
 " Mr. John Victor, Chairman of the Water Committee, delivered 
 an address, after which the military fired a salute, and the gratified 
 beholders returned to their homes, all, we hope, determined to use 
 their efforts to carry on the work to a succes.sful termination. We 
 cordially unite with Mr. Victor in saying : ' Let us join hands, noth- 
 ing doubting that we, too, can accomplish what others have so often 
 done.' " 
 
 THE JAMES RIVER AND KANAWHA CANAL. 
 
 This great highway, which was projected about the year 1842, was 
 for many years the chief, if not the only means of transportation enjoyed 
 by Lynchburg, and formed its principal avenue of communication 
 with the outside world. It extended from Richmond, along the 
 margin of the James River, two hundred miles, through the centre of 
 the State, to a point near the base of the Alleghany Mountains. This 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. IO3 
 
 Canal afforded a convenient route between the Western States and 
 the Atlantic Ocean, and was expected by its projectors to become the 
 great thoroughfare of the Continent. A survey of its proposed ex- 
 tensions was made by officers of the United States Engineer De- 
 partment, and a full and favorable report submitted to Congress. It 
 was hoped that the National Gcvernment would undertake the com- 
 pletion and enlargement of the Canal, which would then have af- 
 forded uninterrupted water communication between the Mississippi 
 and Missouri Rivers and their tributaries, and the Atlantic Ocean at 
 Hampton Roads. But, alas for such primitive enterprises in this age 
 of steam and electricity ! The James River and Kanawha Canal, 
 which gave long and faithful service to the State during its lifetime, 
 and from which so much was expected during the after years which 
 never came, is now a mere memory of departed utility — its bed dry 
 and in many places overgrown with grass and weeds, and its tow-path, 
 once the familiar treadmill of the patient horse and mule, now con- 
 verted into the road-bed of the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM. 
 
 This beneficent institution, for the edu- 
 cation and support of white female or- 
 phans, owes its existence to the philan- 
 thropy of the late Samuel Miller, a native 
 of Albemarle County, Virginia, who was 
 born in the year 1792. It is one of the 
 noblest monuments to personal benevo- 
 lence and generosity to be found in this or 
 any other of the Southern States. The 
 parentage of the founder was obscure, and his early years were 
 passed in poverty. Having neither social nor scholastic advatages, 
 he succeeded, by sheer hard work and steady application, in ac- 
 quiring, without a teacher other than his own practical intelligence, 
 a fair education, which proved of infinite value throui^hout his lono- 
 and prosperous life. In early manhood he settled in Lynchburg, en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits, and eventually amassed an enormous 
 fortune, estimated at several millions of dollars. For many years 
 before his death, which occurred in 1869, he retired, owing to 
 impaired heatlh, to his estate in the country, about six miles from 
 
 THE l^ORTER'S LODGE. 
 
I04 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Lynchburg, where he was still a hard worker, being interested in 
 extensive speculations in railroad and other securities, in every section 
 of the country. 
 
 Although a bachelor, Mr. Miller had, for a long period, cherished 
 a scheme for the establishment, at or near Lynchburg, of an Asylum 
 for the maintenance and training of the female orphans of the City 
 and its vicinity. As early as 1849, he procured the passage, by the 
 General Assembly, of an Act of Incorporation, embodying the ideas 
 he then entertained on that subject ; but it was not until 1868 — the 
 year preceding his death — that he engaged actively in formulating 
 and maturing his plans, with a view to the early establishment of the 
 institution. 
 
 In June, 1868, Mr. Miller appointed as incorporators Ambrose B. 
 Rucker, John G. Meem, George D. Davis, John H. Flood, Lorenzo 
 Norvell, Charles W. Button, Don P. Halsey, J. J. Terrill, David E. 
 Spence, William A. Miller, John F. Slaughter, Thomas E. Murrell 
 and James O. Williams, to take charge of the real estate — a beautiful 
 grove covering about forty acres, near the southwestern boundary of 
 the City — that he had reserved for this purpose, and to assume cus- 
 tody of the bonds that he had appropriated to the endowment of the 
 Asylum, with authority to erect the necessary buildings and to assume 
 the management of the institution. The first meeting of these gen- 
 tlemen — to formally accept the trust — was held on the loth of June, 
 1868, and on the following day a new charter was granted by the Cir- 
 cuit Court of Lynchburg, Mr. Ambrose B. Rucker having been 
 elected the first President of the Asylum. 
 
 In November, 1869, a committee, consisting of John G. Meem, 
 Charles W. Button and George D. Davis, was appointed to select 
 plans for the building, and, in pursuance of that object, visited vari- 
 ous similar establishments in northern cities to ascertain the most ap- 
 proved methods of heating, ventilation, &c. They finally adopted, 
 in the main, the plan of the hospital presided over by the late Dr. 
 Muhlenburg, in New York. 
 
 On the 1 2th of July, 1870, the site was chosen by the Directors, 
 and in due time the Lynchburg Female Orphan Asylum, as it now 
 exists, became an accomplished fact, at a cost of about 1^90,000. The 
 addition of the beautiful porter's lodge was made in 1 881, at a further 
 cost of $5,750. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 lo; 
 
 CO 
 
 Q 
 
 '^ 
 
 
fo6 SKETCH boos: of lynch bukg, va. ; 
 
 NfflPORT NEWS & MISSISSIPPI WLUy CO. 
 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Route. 
 
 Sliortesl, Ooicte&t, aM ia Evcff Respect llie Best Line Mw e&n 
 
 Portsmouth^ 
 
 Morfolk , 
 
 And Richmond, 
 
 QUICKEST ROUTE TO 
 
 Washin g ton and Baltimore. 
 
 GRAND TRUNK LINE UNITING PORTSMOUTH, NORFOLK AND NEWPORT 
 NEWS, ON THE SEABOARD, WITH 
 
 Cincinnati, Louisville, 
 
 Chicago, St. Louis, 
 
 Indianapolis, Memphis, 
 
 Little Rock, New Orleans, 
 
 AND THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 
 
 PULLMAN SERVICE UNEQUALLED. EQUIPMENT OP TRAINS UNSUR- 
 PASSED. STEEL RAILS AND STONE BALLAST. CONNECTIONS 
 . MADE AT ALL POINTS WITFIOUT LAY-OVER. THE ONLY 
 PULLMAN SLEEPING-CAR ROUTE TO THE WEST. 
 
 Ducal Line of Iron Steamships 
 
 Sail Forliiigtitly Between Newport News aiii Liverpool, 
 
 IN CONNECTION W ITII THE CHESAPEAKE & OHIO ROUTE. LOWEST CUR- 
 RENT RATES ON EXPORT AND IMPORT BUSINESS. FINE ACCOM- 
 MODATIONS FOR CABIN PASSENGERS. STEERAGE PASSEN- 
 GERS BOOKED TO AND PROM ALL EUROPEAN PORTS. 
 
 For tickets and fall information as to rates and connections, West and Southwest, 
 apply to the Ticket Office of the Richmond & Alleghany Railroad, Lynchburg, Va., 
 or address 
 
 H. W. FULLER. Gen. Pass. Agent, 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. IO7 
 
 Contiguous lands have been purchased from time to time, and the 
 enclosure now contains about seventy-five acres. These grounds the 
 Directors have reclaimed and improved year by year, and they are 
 now among the most picturesque and park-Hke in the State. 
 
 Th? remains of the benevolent founder, who died on March 27th, 
 1869, have been entombed within the grounds, beneath a graceful 
 granite shaft — said to be the largest single shaft ever quarried in the 
 United States — which was erected to his memory at a cost of $5,250, 
 The endowment that came from Mr. Miller during his lifetime, and 
 from his estate after his decease — apart from the land he presented— 
 amounts to about ^325,000. 
 
 Sixty-two orphan girls are now supported wholly at this As}^lum, 
 while at the same time they are being carefully educated, as well as 
 instructed and exercised in the practical affairs of domestic life. 
 During all the years that the Asylum has been in occupation, only 
 one death — that of a little child — has occurred there. 
 
 In the chapel hangs a life-size portrait of Mr Miller, painted by F. 
 J. Fisher, the now famous artist, of Washington. As a work of art 
 it is unsurpassed in its fine execution and its fidelity to life ; while it 
 may also be regarded as a veritable art curiosity, inasmuch as it was 
 painted entirely from memory, after a lapse of ten years since the 
 artist and his subject had met. Those who were most intimate with 
 Mr. Miller during his later years have pronounced the picture a per- 
 fect portrait. It was finished in iS(Si, and purchased for $2,000. 
 
 The Corporation, at the date of this publication — 1887 — is consti- 
 tuted as follows : President, John H. Flood, who has served continu- 
 ously since April 2nd, 1872 ; Vice-President, William A. Miller; Di- 
 feetors, John H. Flood, William A. Miller, John F. Slaughter, Charles 
 W. Button, William A. Strother, David E. Spence, Thomas E. Mur- 
 rell, J. J. Terrill, John W. Carroll, James M. Booker, Charles W. 
 Statham, Thomas D. Davis and Robert T. Craighill ; Secretary and 
 Treasurer, A. \\'. Talley ; Matron, Mrs. E. J. Britton ; Teachers, Miss 
 R. Cary Williams and Mi.ss Mildred A. Harris. 
 
 THE WAR BETWEEN THE .STATES. 
 
 With the events of this cruel and unnatural conflict, which, after 
 four terrible years of unequalled heroism and voluntary self-sacrifice 
 on the part of her noble sons and daughters, resulted in the over- 
 throw and humiliation of the Southern Confederacy, this narrative 
 
io8 
 
 SKETCH HOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG IRON COMPANY'S BLAST FURNACE. 
 
 E. BURD GRUBB, President. 
 
 A. VAN RENSSELAER, Vice-President. 
 
 El>. S. HUTTER, Manager. 
 
 A. FULLARTON, Sec' ty and Treasr. 
 
 The LynchV>nrj? Blast Furnace is owned by The Lynchburg Iron Company, and 
 was built in 1881, Viy General E. Bun! Grubb, who owns most of the stock. *> 
 
 The Furnace is located between the James River and the main line of the Rich- 
 mond & Alleghany Railroad, within the City limits. Its Stack House and Iron Yard 
 are reached liy the Va. Jlidland and Norfolk & Western Railroads, as well as by the 
 Richmond & Alleghany. 
 
 The Company's land fronts about 2,000 ft. on the R. & A. with a width of about 
 300 feet to the River, and a water power right of about 200 horse-power. 
 
 The capacity of the .Stack t>=i 45 tons pig iron per day, or 14,000 tons per year. 
 
 Two-thirds of the ore used is mined at Blue Ridge Mines, (brown hemitite) of 
 Mne quality, and the other one third, the neutral magnetic ores, from Lower James 
 River and from Pittsylvania County. 
 
 The Iron made is mainly a fine quality of Foundry Iron, soft and fluid, and is 
 sold at fidl prices as last as made. 
 
 The Furnace, and the mines which supply the material, give employment to about 
 200 men. The annual freights paid amount to about $100,000. 
 
 General Grubb. the President of the Company, is a gentlemen of large fortune, 
 liberal and progressive in his views, and was one of the first capitalists from the North 
 to invest larsjely in Virginia Iron Works. He is the owner of the Blue Ridge Iron 
 Mines. 41 miles' west of Lynchburg, on the N. & W.. R. R., and connected with the 
 latter by a branch road two miles long. These mines probably contain the largest de- 
 posit of hemitite ores yet opened or worked in Virginia. 
 
 The Blast Furnace, the variou" mines and all the affairs of the Company in Virginia 
 are under the management of Maj. Ed. S. Hutter, a Virginian and a native of this City. 
 
 w^Tjones'&co7 
 
 Mauiifacturers aiifl Dealers in all Kinils of Mnsical luslrimeiits. 
 
 < 
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 GO 
 
 o 
 
 *®-Asents for the MUSKnAL, CASKET, ret;iiliiic; for SIO, including 20 ft. of music. 
 
 Asent-s for the poiuilnr AUTOHARP, (shown in atiove cut). 
 
 Always caio' a full stocli of Kiissiiin and Italian BANJO and VIOLIN STRINGS. 
 
 REFAIRi:,G OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS A SPECIALTY. 
 
 We ropresont the best line of Musical Goods that can be produced in this or other coun- 
 tries. All kinds of repairiuii done in a neat and substantia) manner. 
 
 SOS 3^<£a.irL Stree*:, I_.37-2r_cl1T0-a.rgr, "Va.. 
 
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ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 I(?9 
 
 has very little concern ; for Lynchburg, more blest than many of her 
 sister cities of Virginia, was providentially spared the horrors of a 
 siege, or even of a single battle, although for many months she was 
 fortified, and presented all the characteristics of a military camp. 
 Especially was this the case in the latter part of i^6t,, when Sheri- 
 dan's cavalry were expected to visit the city, and the latter prepared 
 herself to give them a warm reception. From time to time, too, 
 captured Federal soldiers found temporary quarters here, en foiite to' 
 the regular prisons. 
 
 Besides the Home Guard, the only military organization of that day 
 still surviving, which was mustered into the State service on April 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG IRON COMPANY'S BLAST FURNACE. 
 
 24th, 1 86 1, and did gallant service throughout the continuance of 
 hostilities, Lynchburg furnished nearly a thousand good and true 
 soldiers as her quota to the Confederate armies, and her loss was 
 therefore proportionately heavy. Scarce a battle was fought which 
 did not bring bereavement to at least one household in the City — be- 
 reavement which was to some extent softened by the knowledge that 
 the mourned one had died gallantly in the discharge of his duty and' 
 in the defense of his honor and his home. 
 
 The principal event of the war, so far as Lynchburg was immedi- 
 ately concerned, occurred in the summer of 1864, when the Fed- 
 eral troops under General Hunter advanced upon the City in force, 
 
I lO SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 RUCKER & BARNETT, 
 
 Leaf Tobacco Commission Merchants. 
 
 The firm above named is a representative one in this important 
 branch of the tobacco business. The senior partner, Mr. S. B. 
 Rucker, has been connected with the trade in Lynchburg since 1869, 
 and Mr. J. T. Barnett has had twelve years' experience in his present 
 field of labor. Their copartnership was formed three years ago and 
 their entire attention is given to the sale of leaf tobacco. Messrs. 
 Rucker & Barxett are widely known and enjoy the confidence of 
 planters throughout a large section of Virginia. In 1886 they sold 
 on commission 6,000,000 lbs. of tobacco at the several public ware- 
 houses of Lynchburg. They are always well informed regarding the 
 condition of the Tobacco Market and the prices which can be real- 
 ized, and give their earnest, individual efforts to secure and promote 
 by every honorable and legitimate means the best interests of their 
 principals. They have no dealings of a private nature which might 
 conflict with those of their customers, and do not engage in transac- 
 tions of a .speculative character. By activity, prudence and enter- 
 prise, their reputation has become thoroughly established as sy.stem- 
 atic and prompt business men. All planters and persons who ship 
 tobacco to them may feel confident that sales will be made at the 
 highest obtainable prices, and prompt returns rendered. 
 
 EZCILSIOR Lll! 
 
 ONTO- 916 Xj'^JSrOPI STI^EET, 
 
 IS THE PLACE TO GO FOR THE MOST STYLISH 
 
 Riding and Driving Horses, 
 
 FOR THE NEWEST AND MOST ELEGANT 
 
 LANDAUS, t PHOTONS, X SURRIES, t &c, 
 
 Our Livery is unsurpassed by any in the State. Our Stable has been pronounced by 
 
 tiie leading Physician of our phice to be the BEST VENTILATED 
 
 AND HEALTHIEST IN THE CITY. 
 
 STRICTEST ATTENTION GIVEN STOCK C0M3IITTED TO OUR CARE. 
 
 SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE PURCHASE AND 
 
 SALE OF HORSES AND MULES. 
 
 ELLIOTT & DOSS. Proprietors, 
 
 Telephone Call No. 16. 916 LYNCH STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 1 1 r 
 
 with instructions to capture and occupy it. The circumstances under 
 which his plans were frustrated are thus related in " A Memoir of the 
 Last Year of the War of Independence in the Confederate States of 
 America," by Lieut. Gen. Jubal A. Early, published in 1867 — the 
 foot-notes as well as the text being his own : 
 
 "march TO LYNCHBURG, AND PURSUIT OF HUNTER. 
 
 " On the 1 2th of June, 1864, while the 2nd Corps (Ewell's) of the 
 Army of Northern Virginia was lying near Gaines' Mill, in rear of 
 
 "CITY VIEW," ON AMHERST HEIGHTS; OVERLOOKING THE CITY. 
 RESIDENCE OP MR. SAMUEL B. RUCKER. 
 
 Hill's line at Cold Harbour, I received verbal orders from General 
 Lee to hold the corps, with two of the battalions of artillery attached 
 to it, in readiness to move to the Shenandoah Valley. Nelson's and 
 Braxton's battalions were selected, and Brigadier-General Long was 
 ordered to accompany me as Chief of Artillery. After dark, on the 
 same day, written instructions were given me by General Lee, by 
 which I was directed to move, with the force designated, at 3 o'clock 
 next morning, for the Valley, by way of Louisa C. H. and Char: 
 
112 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 lottesville, and through Brown's or Swift Run Gap in the Blue Ridge, 
 as I might find most advisable; to strike Hunter's force in the rear, 
 and, if possible, destroy it ; then to move down the Valley, cross the 
 Potomac near Leesburg in Loudoun County, or at or above Harper's 
 Ferry, as I might find most practicable, and threaten Washington 
 City. I was further directed to communicate with General Brecken- 
 ridge, who would co-operate with me in the attack on Hunter, and 
 the expedition into Maryland. 
 
 '• At this time the railroad and telegraph lines between Charlottes- 
 ville and Lynchburg had been cut by a cavalry force from Hunter's 
 army ; and those between Richmond and Charlottesville had been 
 cut by Sheridan's cavalry, from Grant's army ; so that there was no 
 communication with Breckenridge. Hunter was supposed to be at 
 Staunton with his whole force, and Breckenridge was supposed to be 
 at Waynesboro, or Rockfish Gap. If such had been the case, the 
 route designated by General Lee would have carried me into the 
 Valley in Hunter's rear. 
 
 "The 2nd Corps now numbered a little over 8,ooo muskets for 
 duty. It had been on active and arduous service in the field for forty 
 day's, and had been engaged in all the great battles from the Wilder- 
 ness to Cold Harbour, sustaining very heavy losses at Spots)4vania 
 C. H. where it lost nearly an entire division, including its commander, 
 Major-General Johnson, who was made prisoner. Of the Brigadier- 
 Generals with it at the commencement of the campaign, only one 
 remained in command of his brigade. Two (Gordon and Ramseur) 
 had been made Major-Generals ; one (G. H. Steuart) had been cap- 
 tured ; four (Pegram, Hays, J. A. Walker, and R. D. Johnston) had 
 been severely wounded ; and four (Stafford, J. M. Jones, Daniel, and 
 Doles) had been killed in action. Constant exposure to the weather, 
 a limited supply of provisions, and two weeks' service in the swamps 
 north of the Chickahominy had told on the health of the men. Di- 
 visions were not .stronger than brigades ought to have been, nor bri- 
 gades than regiments. 
 
 " On the morning of the 13th, at 2 o'clock, we commenced the 
 march ; and, on the i6th, arrived at the Rivanna River, near Char- 
 lottesville, having marched over eighty miles in four days.* 
 
 " From Louisa C. H. I had sent a dispatch to Gordonsville, to be 
 fo rwarded, by telegraph, to Brec ken ridg;ej_and^j)n^ jTiy_amyal_at 
 
 *On the loth, we passed over the ground, near TievUlian's depot, on which Hampton 
 and Shei'ldan had fouKht, on the llth and 12th Hampton had defeated .Sheridan, and 
 was then in pursuit of him. Grant claims, in his report, that, on the llth, Sheridan 
 drove our oavalrv"from the held, in complete rout;" and says, wlien he advanced 
 towards (iordousv'ille. on the 12th, " he found tlie enemy reinforced by infantry, behind 
 well-constructed rifle-pits, about five miles from the latter place, and too strong to suc- 
 
 ^"^^riiisis'asThoroiighly afancv sketch as can well be manufactured. There was not an 
 infautrv soldier in arms nearer the scene of action than with General Lee s army, near 
 Cold Harbour; and the "well-constructed rifle-pits " were nothing more than rails put 
 UP in tlie manner in which cavalry were accustomed to arrange them to prevent a 
 charge. Sheridan mistook some of Hampton's cavalry, dismounted and fighting on 
 foot, for infantry ; and the statement was made to cover his defeat. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 1 I 
 
 Charlottesville, on the i6th, to which place I rode in advance of the 
 troops, I received a tele<;ram from him, dated at Lynchburg, inform- 
 ing me that Hunter was then in Bedford county, about twenty miles 
 from that place, and moving on it. 
 
 "The railroad and telegraph between Charlottesville and Lynch- 
 burg had been, fortunately, but slightly injured by the enemy's cav- 
 alry, and had been repaired. The distance between the two places 
 was sixty miles, and there were no trains at Charlottesville, except 
 one which belonged to the Central road, and was about starting for 
 Waynesboro. I ordered this to be detained, and immediately di- 
 rected, by telegram, all the trains of the two roads to be sent to me 
 with all dispatch, for the purpose of transporting my troops to Lynch- 
 burg. The trains were not in readiness to take the troops on board 
 
 RESIDENCE OF MR. W. H. WREN. 
 (court strket, between tenth and eleventh.) 
 
 until sunrise on the morning of the 17th. and then only enough were 
 furnished to transport about half my infantry. Ramseur's division, 
 one brigade of Gordon's division, and part of another were put on 
 the trains, as soon as they were ready, and started for Lynchburg. 
 Rodes' division and the re.sidue of Gordon's were ordered to move 
 along the railroad, to meet the trains on their return. The artillery 
 and wagon trains had been started on the ordinary roads at daylight. 
 " I accompanied Ramseur's division, going on the front train, but 
 the road and rolling stock were in such bad condition that I did not 
 reach Lynchburg until about I o'clock in the afternoon, and the 
 other trains were much later. I found General Breckenridge in bed, 
 suffering from an injury received by the fall of a horse killed under 
 him in action near Cold Harbour. He had moved from Rockfish 
 
114 SKETCH BOOK OF f.VNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 LYNCHBUKG FERTILIZER COMPANY. 
 
 Messrs. Wright & Craighill, Manufacturers and Proprietors 
 of THE LYNCHBURG FERTILIZER AND INSECTICIDE, have, 
 within the past two years, originated an enterprise which has already 
 attracted wide-spread attention, and is destined to become in the near 
 future one of the gigantic and overshadowing interests in the commer- 
 cial and agricultural history and material progress of Virginia and the 
 United States. It bids fair to be one of those astonishing out- 
 growths of American industry and inventive genius, which are con- 
 stantly springing up and e.xciting the admiration of mankind. 
 
 The lands of the older States of the Atlantic Seaboard have be- 
 come impoverished by unskilled cultivation and the excessive use af 
 stimulating guanos ; and the planters of the South have been so re- 
 morselessly victimized by the fraudulent fertilizers which flood the 
 market, that the agricultural depression of that once teeming region 
 is melancholy to witness. Moreover, the insects, (bred and nour- 
 ished by the filthy manures manufactured of decayed vegetable and 
 animal matter), have become nearly as destructive to growing vegeta- 
 tion as the locusts of Egypt All over the country, indeed, whilst 
 the staple crops of all kinds have received and are receiving incalcu- 
 lable damage, the cultivation of many of the most useful vegetables, 
 luscious fruits and beautiful flowers has become nearly extinct, by 
 reason of the animal parasites which feed upon the tender plants and 
 prevent their perfection and fruitage ; and it has really come to pass 
 that no vegetation whatever, from the forest oak or standard fruit tree 
 to the products of the farm, the garden and the hot house, is exempt 
 from the blighting cur.se. 
 
 In this'deplorable condition of affliirs th^- enterprizing firm of 
 Wright & Craighill have put upon the market thjir Lynchburg Fer- 
 tilizer and Insecticide — an article of merchandize whose formula and 
 preparation have taxed the highest chemical talent of this Country 
 and Europe, resulting in the happy combination of a perfect fertilizcj' 
 and a perfect insecticide, adapted to all crops, soils and climates. This 
 valuable preparation does not stiuuilate hnljeecis the soil, whilst gently 
 stimulating the growing crops and preventing the hurtful interference 
 of insects with its healthy growth. 
 
 It is not the province of the historian to deal too much in de- 
 tails, but rather to contemplate the wider field of human demand and 
 supply in the complex and ever-varying interests of communities in 
 Towns and Cities, States and Nations ; and in this connection it may 
 be averred as a rational belief that no device or invention has ever 
 originated in this or any country more promising than The Lynch- 
 burg Fertilizer and Insecticide for the producer and consumer of 
 vegetable food, or better calculated to clothe the earth with charming 
 verdure and fill it with the beauty and fragrance of blooming flowers. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I 1 5 
 
 Gap to Lynchburg by a forced march, as soon as Hunter's movement 
 towards that place was discovered. When I showed him my instruc- 
 tions, he very readily and cordially offered to co-operate with me, and 
 serve under my command. 
 
 " Hunter's advance from Staunton had been impeded by a brig:ade 
 of cavalry, under Brigadier-General McCausland, which had been 
 managed with great skill, and kept in his front all the way, and he 
 was reported to be then advancing on the old stone turnpike from 
 Liberty, in Bedford County, by New London, and watched by Imbo- 
 den with a small force of cavalry. 
 
 "As General Breckenridge was unable to go out, at his request, 
 General D. H. Hill, who happened to be in town, had made arrange- 
 ments for the defense of the city, with such troops as were at hand. 
 Brigadier-General Hays, who was an invalid from a wound received 
 at Spotsylvania Court House, had tendered his services and also aided 
 in making arrangements for the defense. I rode out with General 
 Hill to examine the line selected by him, and make a reconnoisance 
 of the country in front. Slight works had been hastily thrown up on 
 College Hill, covering the turnpike and Forest roads from Liberty, 
 which were manned by Breckenridge's infantry and the dismounted 
 cavalry of the command which had been with Jones at Piedmont. 
 The reserves, invalids from the hospitals, and the cadets from the 
 Military Institute at Lexington, occupied other parts of the line. An 
 inspection satisfied me that, while this arrangement was the best 
 which could be made under the circumstances in which General Hill 
 found himself, yet it would leave the town exposed to the fire of the 
 enemy's artillery, should he advance to the attack, and I therefore 
 determined to meet the enemy with my troops in front. 
 
 " We found Imboden about four miles out on the turnpike, near 
 an old Quaker church, to which position he had been gradually forced 
 back by the enemy's infantry. My troops, as they arrived, had been 
 ordered in front of the works to bivouac, and I immediately sent or- 
 ders for them to move out on this road, and two brigades of Ram- 
 seur's division arrived just in time to be thrown across the road, at a 
 redoubt about two miles from the city, as Imboden's command was 
 driven back by vastly superior numbers. These brigades, with two 
 pieces of artillery in the redoubt, arrested the progress of the enemy, 
 and Ramseur's other brigade, and the part of Gordon's divison which 
 had arrived, took position on the same line. The enemy opened a 
 heavy fire of artillery on us, but, as night soon came on, he went into 
 camp in our front. 
 
 " On my arrival at Lynchburg, orders had been given for the im- 
 mediate return of the trains for the rest of my infantry, and I ex- 
 pected it to arrive by the morning of the i8th, but it did not get to 
 Lynchburg until late in the afternoon of that day. ^Hunter's force 
 was considerably larger than mine would have been, had it all been 
 
ii6 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 THE LYNCHBUEG FUENITUEE CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FURNI TURE DEALERS. 
 
 This house commenced business in May. 1885, and from the start 
 success has attended its operations. 
 
 The members of the firm are W. P. Dillon, C. W. Liggan, and 
 Gilliam & Co. The two first, who are enterprising and energetic 
 young business men, give their constant and persevering attention to 
 the management of the Company's business, (Gilliam & Co. having a 
 pecuniary interest alone.) 
 
 Stock purchases are made direct from the manufacturers on the 
 most advantageous terms, and, being content to sell goods on a 
 reasonable margin of profit, the Company has, through close and 
 polite attention to the wants of their customers, established in a com- 
 paratively short space of time an entensive and ever-increasing trade. 
 
 Their warerooms ccntain a large and varied assortment of all kinds 
 of Furniture, suited to every taste and every purse. They also carry 
 a large and diversified line of Mattresses. 
 
 Their present business premises are at 917 Main Street, but 
 about July ist they will remove to the commodious four-story brick, 
 iron-front building now being erected for them at 1023 Main Street, 
 a cut of which appears in the opposite page. The new building is 
 125 feet in length, and will be one of the largest, most ornate and 
 complete business blocks in the City of Lynchburg. 
 
 U 
 
 OHN T, EDWARDS 
 
 AGENT 
 
 Broker and Commission Merchant. 
 
 Consignments of all kinds of Leaf Tobacco solicited. Special attention given to the 
 
 sale of Prized Leaf Tobacco. Dealers will find it to their interest to send me their 
 
 Tobacco or gnaranteed samples for sale. I keep a fnll line of all 
 
 classes of Virginia and North Carolina Tobacco. 
 
 Burley Tobacco a Specialty, 
 
 The attention of buyers is invited to my stock. Correspondence Solicited. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 117 
 
 up, and as it was of the utmost consequence to the army at Rich- 
 mond that he should not get into Lynchburg, I did not feel justified 
 in attacking him until I could do so with a fair prospect of success.* 
 I contented myself, therefore, with acting on the defensive on the 
 1 8th, throwing Breckenridge's infantry and a part of his artillery on 
 the front line, while that adopted by General Hill was occupied by 
 the dismounted cavalry and the irregular troops. During the day, 
 there was artillery firing and skirmishing along the line, and, in the 
 afternoon, an attack was made on our line, to the right of the turn- 
 
 XEW BUILDING OF THE LYNCHBURG FURNITURE COMPANY. 
 
 (main street, between tenth and eleventh.) 
 
 pike, which was handsomely repulsed with considerable loss to the 
 enemy. A demonstration of the enemy's cavalry on the Forest road, 
 was checked by part of Breckenridge's infantry under Wharton, and 
 McCausland's cavalry. 
 
 "On the arrival of the cars from Richmond this day, Major-Gen- 
 erals Elzey and Ransom reported for duty, the former to command 
 
 *Froni the best information I have received, I am satisfied Hunter's force exceeded 
 30,000 men. 
 
Il8 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 ESTABLISHED OVER FIFTY YEARS AGO. 
 
 H, SILVERTHORN, 
 
 9rl2 MAIN STREET. 
 
 lewGler, iilversmith and latchmakcr, 
 
 Carries the Most Complete and Varied Stock of 
 
 Diamonds, * Watches, 
 jewelry, simwaee, clocks i optical goods 
 
 11^ THIS s:ectioi>t. 
 
 Being a practical man, and knowing the advantages of selling First 
 
 Class Goods, his effort is to select from the leading manufacturers 
 
 of the country, and can say without hesitation that 
 
 No House in the South Caiiies a Finei Class of Goods. 
 
 1 am also prepared with necessary tools and machinery, and fine, 
 
 skilled workmen, to do all kinds of difficult Repairing and 
 
 Matching Jewelry, Watches and Silverware. Diamonds 
 
 Re-set, Medals, Badges and Rings made to special order, 
 
 and Artistic Engraving and Monogram work. 
 
 Address 
 
 H. SILVERTHORN, 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 119 
 
 the infantry and dismounted cavalry of Breckenridge's command, and 
 the latter to command the cavalry. The mounted cavalry consisted 
 of the remnants of several brigades divided into two commands, one 
 under Imboden, and the other under McCausland. It was badly 
 mounted and armed, and its efficiency much impaired by the defeat 
 at Piedmont, and the arduous service it had recently gone through. 
 As soon as the remainder of my infantry arrived by the railroad, 
 though none of my artillery had gotten up, arrangements were made 
 for attacking Hunter at daylight on the 19th, but, sometime after 
 midnight, it was discovered that he was moving, though it was not 
 
 MR. H. SILVERTHORN'S JEWELRY STORE. 
 
 (912 MAIN STREET.) 
 
 known whether he was retreating, or moving so as to attack Lynch- 
 burg on the south where it was vulnerable, or to attempt to join 
 Grant on the south side of James River. Pursuit could not, there- 
 fore, be made at once, as a mistake, if either of the last two objects 
 had been contemplated, would have been fatal. At light, however, 
 the pursuit commenced, the 2nd Corps moving along the turnpike, 
 over which it was discovered Hunter was retreating, and Elzey's com- 
 mand on the right, along the Forest road, while Ransom was ordered 
 
I20 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 to move on the right of Elzey, with McCausland's cavalry, and en- 
 deavor to strike the enemy at Liberty or the Peaks of Otter. Imbo- 
 den, who was on the road from Lynchburg to Campbell Court House, 
 to watch a body of the enemy's cavalry, which had moved in that 
 direction the day before, was to have moved on the left towards Lib- 
 erty, but orders did not reach him in time. The enemy's rear was 
 overtaken at Liberty, twenty-five miles from Lynchburg, just before 
 night, and driven through that place, after a brisk skirmish, by Ram- 
 seur's division. The day's march on the old turnpike, which was very 
 rough, had been terrible. McCausland had taken the wrong road 
 and did not reach Liberty until after the enemy had been drixen 
 through the town. 
 
 " It was here ascertained that Hunter had not retreated on the 
 route by the Peaks of Otter, over which he had advanced, but had 
 taken the road to Bu ford's depot, at the foot of the Blue Ridge, 
 which would enable him to go either by Salem, Fincastle, or Buch- 
 anan. Ransom was, therefore, ordered to take the route, next day, 
 by the Peaks of Otter, and endeavor to intercept the enemy should 
 he move by Buchanan or Fincastle. The. pursuit was resumed early 
 on the morning of the 20th, and on our arrival in sight of Buford's, 
 the enemy's rear guard was seen going into the mountain on the road 
 towards Salem. As this left the road to Buchanan open, my aide, 
 Lieutenant Pitzer, was sent across the mountain to that place, with 
 orders to Ransom to move for Salem. Lieutenant Pitzer was also 
 instructed to ride all night and send directions, by courier from Fin- 
 castle, and telegraph from Salem, to have the road through the moun- 
 tains to Lewisburg and South-Western Virginia blockaded. The 
 enemy was pursued into the mountains at Buford's Gap, but he had 
 taken possession of the crest of the Blue Ridge, and put batteries in 
 position commanding a gorge, through which the road passes, where 
 it was impossible for a regiment to move in line. I had endeavored 
 to ascertain if there was not another way across the mountain by 
 which I could get around the enemy, but all the men, except the old 
 ones, had gotten out of the way, and the latter, as well as the women 
 and children, were in such a state of distress and alarm, that no reli- 
 able information could be obtained from them. We tried to throw 
 forces up the sides of the mountains to get at the enemy, but they 
 were so rugged that night came on before anything could be accom- 
 plished, and we had to desist, though not until a very late hour in the 
 night. 
 
 "By a mistake of the messenger, who was sent with orders to 
 General Rodes, who was to be in the lead next morning, there was 
 some delay in his movement on the 21st, but the pursuit was resumed 
 very shortly after sun-rise. At the Big Lick, it was ascertained that 
 the enemy had turned off from Salem towards Lewisburg on a road 
 which passes through the mountains at a narrow pass called the 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE, 
 
 121 
 
 ' Hanging Rock,' and my column was immediately turned towards 
 that point, but on arriving there it was ascertained that the enemy's 
 rear guard had passed through the gorge. McCausland had struck 
 his column at this point and captured ten pieces of artillery, some 
 wagons, and a number of prisoners ; but, the enemy having brought 
 up a heavy force, McCausland was compelled to fall back, carrying 
 off, however, the prisoners, and a part of the artillery, and disabling 
 the rest so that it could not be removed. As the enemy had got into 
 the mountains, where nothing useful could be accomplished by pur- 
 suit, I did not deem it proper to continue it farther. A great part of 
 my command had had nothing to eat for the last two days, except a 
 little bacon which was obtained at Liberty. The cooking utensils 
 were in the trains, and the effort to have bread ba'ced at Lynchburg 
 
 CITY RESERVOIRS AND CHURCH (R. C.) OF THE HOLY CROSS. 
 (corner of clay and seventh streets.) 
 
 had failed. Neither the wagon trains, nor the artillery of the 2nd 
 Corps, were up, and I knew that the country through which Hun- 
 ter's route led for forty or fifty miles, was, for the most part, a deso- 
 late mountain region ; and that his troops were taking everything in 
 the way of provisions and forage which they could lay their hands 
 on. My field officers, except those of Breckenridge's command, 
 were on foot, as their horses could not be transported on the trains 
 from Charlottesville. I had seen our soldiers endure a great deal, 
 but there was a limit to the endurance even of Confederate soldiers. 
 A stern chase of infantry is a very difficult one, and Hunter's men 
 were marching for their hves, his disabled being carried in his pro- 
 vision train which was now empty. My cavalry was not strong 
 
122 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHRURG, VA. 
 
 LYNCHBURG MAeBLE UNO GRANITE WORKS 
 
 821-82? CMircli Street, Corner of Sintli Street, 
 J. I. VAN NESS, Proprietor. 
 
 This establishment, which has in a marked manner for many years enjoyed the 
 favor of the public, keeps up with the times in quality, variety and prices of its pro- 
 ductions. . 
 
 The fact of its having so successfully overcome competition is suflScient endorse- 
 ment of its past methods of conducting business, and should be a guarantee for the 
 
 We undertake country work of every kind and size, including Marble and Granite 
 Monuments and Headstones, Iron Railings, Vaidts, Marble, Limestone and Granite 
 Curbing, Building Marble. &c. 
 
 A visit to our shops will convince the customer that he can obtain more for his 
 money, in quality of material and beauty of workmanship than most cities oifer, and 
 with a' large assortment of designs from which to select, his taste can be gratified in 
 every particular. 
 
 We obtain low rates of freight which are guaranteed the customer. 
 
 Thankful for past patronage we solicit a continuance of the same, promising sat- 
 isfaction in every respect. 
 
 1 
 
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 < 
 z 
 
 CO 
 
 Q 
 
 m 
 
 PC 
 
 o 
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ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 12; 
 
 enougli to accomplish anything of importance, and a further pursuit 
 could only have resulted in disaster to my command from want of 
 provisions and forage. 
 
 " I was glad to see Hunter take the route to Lewisburg, as I knew 
 he could not stop short of the Kanawha River, and he was, there- 
 fore, disposed of for some time. Had he moved to South-Western 
 
 LYNCHBURG MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS— J. I. VAN NESS, PROP'R. 
 
 (church street — FOOT OF COURT HOUSE HILL.) 
 
 Virginia he would have done us incalculable mischief, as there were 
 no troops of any consequence in that quarter, but plenty of supplies 
 at that time. I should, therefore, have been compelled to follow 
 him.* 
 
 *Grant, in his report says: "General Hunter, owing to a want of ammunition to give 
 battle, retired from before the place," (Lynchburg). This is a little remarkable, as it ap- 
 pears that this expedition had been long contemplated and was one of the prominent 
 features of the campaign of 1864. Sheridan, with his cavalry, was to have united with 
 Hunter at Lynchburg, and the two together were to have destroyed General Le^'s com- 
 munications and depots of supplies, and then lave .joined Grant. Can it be believed 
 that Hunter set out on so important an expedition with an insutlicient supply of amrnu- 
 
124 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 '* My command had marched sixty miles, in the three days pur- 
 suit, over very rough roads, and that part of it from the Army of 
 Northern Virginia had had no rest since leaving Gaines' Mill. I de- 
 termined, therefore, to rest on the 22nd, so as to enable the wagons 
 and artillery to get up, and prepare the men for the long march be- 
 fore them. Imboden had come up, following on the road through 
 Salem after the enemy, and the cavalry was sent through Fincastle, 
 to watch the enemy and annoy him as he passed through the moun- 
 tains towards Lewisburg, and also ascertain whether he would en- 
 deavor to get into the Valley towards Lexington or Staunton." 
 
 RESTORED PEACE. 
 
 During the twenty years which have elapsed since the clo.se of the 
 war and the unsettled state of affairs — national and municipal — which 
 neces.sarily supervened, no startling events have occurred whereby 
 the even cour.se of Lynchburg's development has been disturbed. 
 Indeed her subsequent history may be written in a very few compre- 
 hensive words — Peace and Plenty, Prosperity and Progress. In all 
 matters affecting her commercial interests she has been vigilant, en- 
 terprising and aggressive, until her wealth, in proportion to her popu- 
 lation, is exceeded by that of only one other city in the United 
 States. Valuable and permanent public improvements have been 
 the mile-stones which have recorded the flight of the passing j'ears, 
 while private enterprise has been actively and successfully employed 
 in e.stablishing the beautiful *' Hill City " as one of the leading Busi- 
 ness Centres of the South. Her great natural advantages have been 
 enhanced and utilized in various ways, but there is still room for the 
 profitable investment of much capital in any of the numerous manu- 
 facturing and mercantile pursuits for which this locality is so emi- 
 nently adapted. That the community is fully alive to the value of 
 its own possessions in this respect is evidenced by the fact that .sev- 
 eral new and important industries have been inaugurated here, within 
 the past few years, by resident capitalists, .and others, of greater 
 magnitude, may be looked for almost immediately. 
 
 nition ? He had fought only the battle of Piedmont, with a pnrt of his force, and it was 
 not a very severe one, as .Jones' force was a small one and composed mostly of cavalry. 
 CrooU's column not being there was not engajjed. Had Sheridan defeated Hampton at 
 Trevillian's, he would have reached Lynchburg after destroying the railroad on the way. 
 and 1 could not have reached there in time to do any good. Hut IIaiiii)tnn defeatid shcr- 
 i(hui, and the latter saw "infantry" "too strong to successfully assault. " Had Hunter 
 moved on Lynchburg, with energy, that place would have fallen l)efore it was possible 
 for me to get there. l:5ut he tarried on the way for purposes which will hereafter appear, 
 and when he reached there, his heart failed liim and he was afraid to figlit an inferior 
 force, and then there was discovered " a want of ammunition to give battle." 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 125 
 
 £6 
 
 99 
 
 JOHN W, CARROLL, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 AND OTHER BRANDS OP 
 
 Smoking Tobacco. 
 
 No other brand of smoking tobacco is so celebrated, or has so 
 extended a sale as " Lone Jack." In the United States its use is co- 
 extensive with the country. Through wholesale agents located in 
 the principal cities of fourteen different States, it is distributed to the 
 trade and placed within the reach of consumers. It is exported to 
 Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, and it is said that a package 
 of " Lone Jack " can be bought in any town of importance in every 
 part of the world. The founder and manufacturer of this superior 
 
 smoking tobacco, is John W. Carroll, one 
 of Lynchburg's most respected and public 
 spirited citizens. He started life on the 
 lowest rung of the ladder, and it was only 
 by dint of constant and unceasing plodding 
 and perseverance, backed by skill and prin- 
 ciple, that he reached the top, where he 
 now stands at the head of an immense busi- 
 ness. Mr. Carroll was born in Staunton, 
 Augusta County, Virginia, in 1832. Very 
 early in life he suffered the loss of both 
 parents and was obliged to make his own way in the world. 
 
 At the age of 14 he came to Lynchburg and entered as an ap- 
 prentice in the shop of a cabinet maker ; after a few years he aban- 
 doned this work and engaged in business with William Crumpton, a 
 successful tobacconist of that day, whose daughter he afterwards 
 married. For many years he labored faithfully and acquired a 
 thorough knowledge of the tobacco business and laid the foundation 
 for his subsequent remarkable success. 
 
 The name " Lone Jack " is a very peculiar one, and the way in 
 which it came to be adopted reveals a strange and romantic incident 
 which happened to Mr. Carroll, and which we here relate. About 
 two years after Mr. Carroll had first established himself in the to- 
 bacco business (about the year 1850) when his fortunes were at a 
 rather low ebb, and success in his chosen occupation seemed to him 
 
126 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 
 »*\UK -ft^VV 
 
 extremely doubtful, it chanced that, on a certain evening he sat down 
 with a friend to play a game of " seven up." Each staked a dollar 
 on every game, and through a long series of games Carroll was a 
 constant loser ; fortune seemed to have entirely deserted him. It 
 was at a late hour, and with a feeling of extreme chagrin and disap- 
 pointment, that he pulled out his last dollar and put it on the table. 
 The critical moment arrived when his ad- 
 versary stood six to his three and had the 
 deal. Diamonds were trumps — and Car- 
 roll held one — a lone Jack : he looked at 
 it almost with desperation. What chance 
 had he to win the game ? If his opponent 
 held a single trump he was beaten. He 
 hesitated, he quivered, but finally he gal- 
 tantly stood his hand. As fortune would 
 have it, the venture was successful ; on that " Lone Jack " he scored 
 high, low, Jack and the game, and won the stakes. 
 
 This lucky event mide such an impression on his mind that he 
 determined there and then to christen his leading brand of tobacco 
 by the name, " Lone Jack." From such an accidental circumstance 
 as the " turn of a card," did this notable brand of tobacco originate, 
 which has since become known and celebrated in every clime, and 
 brought both fame and fortune to its owner. When the civil war 
 broke out Mr. Carroll promptly offered his services to his State, and 
 during the long struggle and until its close, faithfully performed his 
 duty as a soldier. 
 
 Aft^r peace was established he turned again to his business with 
 redoubled energy, and it is since the war that his greatest triumphs 
 have been gained. The quality and grade of smoking tobacco known 
 
 as " Lone Jack " have always been the 
 highest. The name is a synonyme of 
 purity and excellence. The brand has 
 never deteriorated, and as long as Mr. Car- 
 roll lives, it never will. " Lone Jack " is 
 a tobacco entirely free from any mixture, 
 adulteration, or flavoring whatever — the 
 pure granulated leaf of the best and .sweet- 
 est tobacco grown, free from stems, and 
 uniform throughout in color, fineness, strength and flavor — affording 
 to all true lovers of the weed a delicious, satisfying and enjoyable 
 smoke. His buyers are stationed in all markets where the kind of 
 leaf he requires is sold; when a really choice lot comes in, it is 
 quickly snapped up and sent to the " Lone Jack " Factory. All the 
 leaf used in the manufacture of " Lone Jack " is kept in stock two 
 years before it is manufactured for consumption, a supply approxi- 
 mating a quarter of a million pounds being constantly on hand. It 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 127 
 
 is most carefully sorted, cured and manipulated, every process being 
 subjected to the experienced and rigid inspection of the proprietor. 
 
 To maintain the high standard of excellence which his leading 
 brand has always enjoyed, is Mr. Carroll's pride and joy. Although 
 his financial success is almost unparalleled, he still sticks to his busi- 
 ness with close application, and by reason of his unaffected manners 
 and genial humor is exceedingly popular with everybody. 
 
 The old frame building first used by Mr. Carroll as a factory — " The 
 Birthplace of Lone Jack" — as it is known, is still preserved by its 
 owner as a memento of his less prosperous days, and in another part 
 of this work a picture of it will be found. (See page 67.) 
 
 The present handsome and spacious factory is a large brick struc- 
 ture, located at 509 Grace Street, wherein all the operations of his 
 extensive manufacturing business are carried on. The other kinds 
 and qualities of smoking tobacco put up and sold by Mr. Carroll are 
 "Brown Dick," "Game Cock" and "Grand Mogul." Although 
 these brands are of a lower grade and sell at a much less price than 
 " Lone Jack," still their reputation is well established, and their real 
 merit is well understood. 
 
 An exceptional and super-excellent brand of smoking tobacco, 
 known as " Fah-Kee," is put up by Mr. Carroll to supply a limited 
 demand. As it sells for more than double the price of " Lone Jack," 
 comparatively few people know anything about it. This quality was 
 
]2J 
 
 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 first ordered several years ago by a gentleman who supplied the for- 
 eign residents on the China Coast, and the 
 brand was exclusively sold in that trade, 
 but of late years, owing to the death of the 
 gentleman who originated the brand, the 
 restriction governing its sale has been with- 
 drawn, and it is now sold to some extent in 
 all parts of the country — mostly to people 
 of wealth and connoisseurs of the weed. 
 
 Mr. Carroll's brands are all protected by 
 patent, and he feels justified in warranting 
 that tobaccos of his manufacture will remain sound, pure and aro- 
 matic in all latitudes and climates. 
 
 Mr. Carroll has occupied many posi- 
 tions of honor and trust in the community 
 where he resides. He is now and for 
 twenty-six years has been a member of the 
 City Council (the last sixteen years its 
 President) and for several years filled the- 
 office of President of the Lynchburg Na- 
 tional Bank. 
 
 He is a gentleman of strict integrity and marked business ability ; 
 an energetic, unostentatious and painstaking man in both public and 
 private affairs, who possesses the confidence and esteem of all classes 
 of people. 
 
 SAMUEL A, BOYDi 
 Confectionery I Ice Cream Saloon, 
 
 *^ SODA WATER, ^^ 
 
 CANDIES, FRUITS, NUTS, TOYS, &c., 
 
 No. 827 Main Street, Opposite Lynch House, 
 
 ^^"sTvT'ed.d.iang- iE'arties in Oit3r a,rLd. Cc-a.rLtr37- a, 
 Specia,lt37 . 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I2g 
 
 COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL. 
 
 THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE CITY OF 
 
 LYNCHBURG. 
 
 The organization of this important and influential body resulted 
 
 from a long felt necessity for " that concert of action and unity of 
 
 purpose amongst the business men of the City " which was regarded 
 
 as "essential to the full development of its material welfare and 
 
 commercial prosperity." A meeting was called at the Lynch House 
 
 on November 2nd, 1882, at which the general advantages of such an 
 
 organization were unanimously conceded, and a committee appointed 
 
 to report a Constitution and Rules of Order for the Association. 
 
 Accordingly, at an adjourned meeting, held on the 2nd of December 
 
 following, the Chamber of Commerce of the City of Lynchburg was 
 
 formally organized, its general objects being proclaimed as follows : 
 
 "The promotion of every scheme for the advancement of 
 
 the commercial, manufacturing and monetary interests of this 
 
 community, and the abatement of every grievance injuriously 
 
 affecting such interests. 
 
 " The establishment and application of uniform and equita- 
 ble rules and usages of trade. 
 
 " The collection and preservation of statistical information 
 concerning the commerce, capital, production and growth of 
 this city. 
 
 "The speedy and economical settlement of differences 
 amongst its members, without resort to litigation. 
 
 "And the discussion of all questions affecting the interest 
 of the capital, trade or manufactures of the city, and the pe- 
 cuniary welfare of its citizens." 
 Since the date of its formation, the Chamber has been in active 
 and useful operation, and has been the means of achieving much 
 good to the industrial and mercantile interests of the City. The 
 membership of the Chamber is numerous, and comprises the leading 
 business men and firms among the Manufacturers, Bankers, Brokers, 
 Merchants and Wholesale Dealers of Lynchburg. The first Presi- 
 dent of the Chamber was Mr. George M. Jones ; the next was Capt. 
 
I30 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Charles M. Blackford, who was succeeded by the present presiding 
 officer. 
 
 The following gentlemen now compose the governing body of the 
 Chamber, and their names cannot fail to inspire the utmost confidence 
 among those who maintain commercial relations with the City : Pres- 
 ident, Jacob H. Franklin ; First Vice-President, William H. Wren ; 
 Second Vice- Pre sideiit, William Kinnier ; Secretary, Carter Glass ; 
 Treasiwer, P. A. Krise ; Executive Covwiittee, C. H. Almond, C. M. 
 Blackford, J. P. Bell, F. C. Brown, Joseph Cohn, J. R. Gilliam, Max 
 Guggenheimer, Jr., Wm. A. Heffernan, Wm. Hurt, James W. Watts, 
 Wm. A. Miller, Wm. A. Strother, C. W. Scott, George P. Watkins, 
 J. Gordon Payne. 
 
 The annual meeting of the Chamber is held on the Second Tues- 
 day in January. Quarterly meetings are also held on the Second 
 Tuesdays in April, July and October, in each year, and regular meet- 
 ings of the Executive Committee are held on the first Saturday of 
 every month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the 
 President, or acting President, or by any three members of the Exec- 
 utive Committee, due notice having been given to all the members. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG TOBACCO ASSOCIATION. 
 Until within the past few years, during which industrial interests of 
 various kinds have been successfully undertaken in Lynchburg and 
 its immediate vicinity, the commercial life of the City may be said to 
 have been almost wholly dependent upon the Tobacco trade, in its 
 numerous and always multiplying branches. Indeed this particular 
 industry still holds by far the most important and conspicuous place 
 among the varied pursuits which give employment to the capital, 
 brains and muscle of the " Tobacco City's " inhabitants, and it is 
 therefore very necessary that it should be fostered and encouraged 
 with the utmost solicitude, and carefully fortified against all adverse 
 possibilities from within or without. With these objects in view, and 
 for the purpose of regulating the warehouse sales and exercising such 
 supervisory authority over all transactions in Tobacco as would secure 
 perfectly fair play between buyer and seller, broker and commission 
 merchant, planter and manufacturer, this useful Association was or- 
 ganized in 1867. It is well-nigh impossible now to over-estimate the 
 advantages which have accrued to the commercial interests of Lynch- 
 burg through the labors of this influential organization, whose list of 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 I^.I 
 
 membership bears the names of every tobacco manufacturer, ware- 
 houseman, broker and dealer in the City. Thfe following gentlemen 
 are the present Officers and Committeemen : President, John T. Ed- 
 wards ; Vice-President, R. H. T. Adams ; Seeretary and Treasurer, 
 James Franklin, Jr.; Supervisor of Weights, S. W. Younger; Executive 
 Committee, N. R. Bowman, (Chairman), R. L. Miller, C. L. Wright. 
 S. W, Younger, James M. Booker, Jr., E. M. Heard, Wm. King, Jr., 
 E. A. Allen, David Walker ; Arbitration Committee, T. E. Murrell, 
 (Chairman), J. H. Smith, H. H. Withers, John H. Flood, W. J. 
 Collins. 
 
 The annual meeting of the Association is held on the first Monday 
 
 RESIDENCE OP MR. JOHN D. HOLT. 
 
 (corner of WASHINGTON AND HARRISON STREETS.) 
 
 in October, and the regular monthly meetings on the first Monday of 
 each month. Special meetings are called from time to time by the 
 presiding officer or members of the Executive Committee as matters 
 of urgency arise. 
 
 The Lynchburg Tobacco Association is perhaps the best organized 
 and most systematic commercial body in Virginia, if not in the whole 
 South ; and it is but just to state that this state of efficiency has been 
 attained, to a great extent, through the untiring energy and inces.sant 
 vigilance of its President, Mr. John T. Edwards, who was elected to 
 this position in October, 1885, and re-elected in 1886, after having 
 previously served the Association as Vice-President. His member- 
 
132 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 ship dates back to 1873, since which time he has attended every 
 meeting of the Association, except two ; and on one of these occa- 
 sions he was absent from the City. It is easy to beHeve that, with 
 such an excellent example from the Chair, punctuality and other 
 business-like properties are regarded as cardinal virtues by the mem- 
 bers generally. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 Lynchburg lies at the intersection of three railroads which branch 
 out in six different directions, namely : the Virginia Midland, north- 
 ward to Washington and southward to North Carolina ; the Norfolk 
 & Western, southeastward to Norfolk and soutwestward to Tennessee, 
 Georgia, &c.; and the Richmond & Alleghany, northeastward to 
 Richmond and westward to the great coal fields of West Virginia. 
 
 THE VIRGINIA MIDLAND RAILWAY. 
 
 This line extends from the City of Wa.shington, D. C, to Danville, 
 on the border of North Carolina, passing through the productive 
 Piedmont section of the State and entering the heart of the tobacco- 
 growing region. It has branches from Manassas to Strasburg, in the 
 Valley of Virginia, where it unites with the Baltimore & Ohio sys- 
 tem ; to Warrenton, in Fauquier County, to tap the rich grazing farms 
 of that beautiful district ; and to Rocky Mount, in Franklin County, 
 to secure the tobacco and other valuable trade of the counties lying 
 under the Blue Ridge in South Virginia. 
 
 At Washington and Alexandria the road makes close passenger 
 and freight connection with the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pennsyl- 
 vania Central systems ; at Orange with a narrow gauge road to Fred- 
 ericksburg. At Charlottesville it crosses and connects with the 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, leading eastward to Richmond and deep 
 water at Newport News, and westward to the coal and iron fields of 
 West Virginia and to the Ohio River. At Lynchburg it intersects 
 the Norfolk & Western and the Richmond & Alleghany Railroads. 
 At Danville it unites with the Richmond & Danville Road, and, un- 
 der the same general management, consolidates with v/hat is known 
 as the "Richmond & Danville System," which owns and controls 
 nearly three thousand miles of railway, extending like a net-work 
 through the Cotton States of the South. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 33 
 
 THE NORFOLK & WESTERN RAILROAD. 
 
 With its eastern terminus at the magnificent port of Norfolk and 
 Portsmouth, this road extends to Bristol, on the boundary line be- 
 tween Virginia and Tennessee, a distance of four hundred and eight 
 miles, Lynchburg being exactly midway between these terminal 
 points. Branches extend to City Point, at the confluence of the Appo- 
 mattox and James Rivers ; to the coal fields and iron mines of Poca- 
 hontas, in Tazewell County ; to the great salt and plaster deposits at 
 Saltville ; and to the enormous coal and iron beds on Cripple Creek, 
 in Wythe County. 
 
 This road connects at Petersburg with the lines running northward 
 through Richmond and southward through Weldon, North Carolina ; 
 at Burkeville, with the Richmond & Danville system ; at Lynchburg, 
 with the Virginia Midland and the Richmond & Alleghany Roads ; 
 at Roanoke, with the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, forming another 
 route southward ; at Salem, with a branch of the Baltimore & Ohio ; 
 and at Bristol, with the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Road 
 and the great system which, through the medium of the Memphis 
 and Charleston route, branches over the cotton region. 
 
 THE RICHMOND & ALLEGHANY RAILROAD. 
 
 This runs, as a completed road, along the bank of the James River 
 from Richmond to Williamson's, a point on the Chesapeake & Ohio 
 Railroad in Alleghany County, with a branch up the North River to 
 Lexington, Virginia. It enters the heart of Richmond, and has ac- 
 cess to the harbor and to all the other Railroads centring in that im- 
 portant city. It passes up the James River, through its fertile bot- 
 tom lands, with switches to take granite at the quarries of Henrico 
 and Fluvanna Counties, slate in Buckingham and Amherst, iron from 
 several furnaces and ore from many mines. 
 
 At Lynchburg it unites with the Norfolk & Western and the Vir- 
 ginia Midland Railways. At Buchanan, it connects with the Shenan- 
 doah Valley Road ; at Lexington, with the Baltimore & Ohio system, 
 forming another route to the North and West ; and at Williamson's 
 it connects with the Chesapeake & Ohio, and thus reaches the Ohio 
 River and the coal and iron of West Virginia. 
 
 It will thus be seen that LYNCHBURG is, perhaps, the best dis- 
 tributing point in the whole South. Not only has it six distinct lines 
 
134 SKETCH BOOK OF LVN'CHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 of rail\va\', radiating, as above shown, to all quarters, but there are 
 competing routes in every direction. 
 
 Northward there are four: (i) By the Virginia Midland, all rail, 
 through Washington and Baltimore. (2) By the Norfolk & Western, 
 and steamers from Norfolk to W^ashington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
 New York, Providence and Boston. (3) By the Richmond & Alle- 
 ghany to Richmond and by steamers to northern ports. (4) By the 
 Richmond & Alleghany and the Baltimore & Ohio, via Lexington. 
 
 Eastward there are three : (i) To Norfolk by the Norfolk & West- 
 ern, and to Richmond by the same route, connecting at Burkeville 
 with the Richmond & Danville Road. (2) To Richmond by the 
 Richmond & Alleghany direct. (3) To Richmond by the Virginia 
 Midland and the Chesapeake & Ohio at Charlottesville. 
 
 Southward there are two: (i) By the Virginia Midland and the 
 Richmond .& Danville system. (2) By the Norfolk & Western, the 
 East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia and the Memphis & Charleston 
 lines. 
 
 Westward there are three: (i) By the Richmond & Alleghany 
 and the Chesapeake & Ohio, and by the Richmond & Alleghany and 
 the Baltimore & Ohio at Lexington. (2) By the Norfolk & West- 
 ern. (3) By the Virginia Midland and the Chesapeake & Ohio, and 
 by the Virginia Midland and the Baltimore & Ohio, at Strasburg. 
 
 These various lines are all strong and vigorous, and are all very ac- 
 tively competing for freight and passengers, thus securing Lynchburg, 
 to a large extent, from the disastrous effects of transportation mo- 
 nopolies. 
 
 Other railroads are projected and chartered, which will, when com- 
 pleted, add considerably to the bulk of trade seeking this market. 
 Chief among these is the 
 
 LYNCHBURG, HALIFAX & NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD, 
 to the capital stock of which the City last year voted an appropria- 
 tion of $250,000, and which may be regarded as a strictly local en- 
 terprise. The principal offices and the terminus of the Road will be 
 in this City, and there is every reason to believe that the work of 
 building the line will be commenced at once and prosecuted vigor- 
 ously until completed to Durham, N. C. where it will connect with 
 the Durham & Roxborough Railroad, thus bringing within our reach 
 the fertile bottom lands of the Roanoke River, as well as the fine 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 US 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 (corner of court and eleventh streets. 
 
136 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 tobacco plantations of Halifax County. The recently elected officers 
 of the Road are : President, Peter J. Otey ; Vice-President, Wood 
 Bouldin, Jr.; ^rr/r/rt/j, Alexander McDonald; Directors, ^lo'ihy H. 
 Payne, Jacob H. Franklin, J. R. Clark, Adani W. Nowlin, J. R. 
 Lawson, John W. Clay, Robert W. Withers, H. A. Edmondson, 
 Joseph Stebbins and Robert W. Watkins. 
 
 New lines of railway, and extensions of existing ones, are multi- 
 plying on all sides with astonishing rapidity, and especially is this the 
 case with the roads which intersect at this point, and their immediate 
 connections. The vast mineral wealth lying to the westward of us, 
 and which has of late years attracted so much attention, is, of course, 
 responsible, to a great extent, for this activity in railroad construc- 
 tion, which will probably continue until all the rich deposits of the 
 neighboring sections have been brought within reach of their legiti- 
 mate markets. 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 Situated centrally with relation to the great tobacco-growing region 
 of Virginia, and enjoying exceptionally favorable transportation facili- 
 ties, which bring all the great markets and seaports of the United 
 States within easy and direct access, Lynchburg has always taken the 
 lead not only as a mart and distributing point for the raw material, 
 but also as a producer of the manufactured article, of all kinds and 
 qualities, and has well earned the sobriquet by which she is widely 
 known — " The Tobacco City." Ever since her foundation, the Town 
 has been the depot for the tobacco grown within the district naturally 
 tributary to her — from the days when the hogsheads were rolled along 
 the public highways to market, down to the time when the introduc- 
 tion of railroads offered the planters a less expensive and far more 
 expeditious method of transmitting their produce — and, as the " Dev- 
 il's Weed," so named by the royal lunatic ** Guid King Jamie," has 
 always been the principal and most valuable crop cultivated in the 
 surrounding counties, it has naturally exercised a ruling influence 
 upon the commercial history of Lynchburg. 
 
 The average crop grown annually in this tributary section is about 
 75,000,000 pounds, and of this enormous aggregate at least two-thirds 
 is handled by the warehousemen, dealers and manufacturers of this 
 market. The handling of this immense quantity of leaf, and its man- 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I37 
 
 ufacture into plug, twist and smoking tobacco, under almost innu- 
 merable brands, gives occupation, directly or indirectly, to the 
 greater portion of Lynchburg's inhabitants. As the population in- 
 creases and industries become more diversified, the influence of the 
 Tobacco trade upon the aggregate business of the City will naturally 
 diminish in proportion, but it is clear that for many years to come it 
 will continue to hold the leading place among local industries, and 
 that all others will remain to some extent dependent for their success 
 upon its prosperity. 
 
 A great portion of the tobacco brought to this market still comes 
 by wagons, direct from the neighboring plantations, but that grown 
 in more remote districts also comes in considerable quantities over 
 the lines of the .several railroads centring here, and this latter class is 
 increasing very rapidly. One reason for this increase is, that in many 
 of the smaller towns and villages along the railroads that penetrate 
 the tobacco-producing counties, warehouses and re-prizing "facto- 
 ries " have been established, and much of the crop so collected is 
 forwarded in hogsheads to Lynchburg — which holds a sort of metro- 
 politan relationship to the whole section — to be re-sold. 
 
 Six commodious warehouses supply the necessary accommodation 
 for this large trade — one of which has been recently erected, in order 
 to keep pace with the ever-growing bulk of arrivals. At all of these 
 warehouses the leaf is sold " loose." In other markets it is sold in 
 the hogshead, by sample, but it has been found more satisfactory 
 here to offer it open on the warehouse floor, so that buyers may in- 
 spect every leaf, if they so desire, before making their purchases, and 
 thus avoid all risks of dispute and controversy. A " Storage Ware- 
 house " has also been opened lately, principally for the Western hogs- 
 head trade, which promises to become a great success. 
 
 The following table, taken from the official records of the Lynch- 
 burg Tobacco Association, show the actual sales of Leaf Tobacco on 
 the warehouse floors for the last sixteen years — each year ending on 
 October ist — and it must be admitted that the figures bear testimony 
 to a most gratifying increase : 
 
 1S71. 17,425,539 lbs. 1876. 25,091,621 lbs. 
 
 1872. 14,323,708 " 1877. 19,699,775 " 
 
 1873. 20,214,748 " i«78. 28,318.183 " 
 
 1874. 18,206,321 " 1879. 21,143,217 " 
 
 1875. 14,127,430 " 1880. 25,062,881 " 
 
138 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 1881. 20,090,822 lbs. 1884. 21.190,644 lbs. 
 
 1882. 20,127,208 " 1885. 29,495,758 " 
 
 1883. 24,620,811 " 1886. 37,462,979 " 
 
 In order that Lynchburg's position as a tobacco market may be 
 clearly understood by the reader, the following extracts from the an- 
 nual report presented to the Lynchburg Tobacco Association by 
 its President, Mr. John T. Edwards, at the last annual meeting, are 
 given : 
 
 " The figures I shall give you to-day again place you at the head 
 of the loose tobacco markets of the world, and there is no reason 
 why you may not very soon be the peer of any market in the State 
 for' the sale of prized tobacco. One of Virginia's most gifted sons 
 said : ' I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past ;' 
 and, judging by the past, I ask you to contemplate what the near fu- 
 ture' of the tobacco trade of this beautiful and progressive City is to 
 be. I do not propose to deal in imagination, or fancy pictures, but 
 in stern reality, and figures that do not deceive. 
 
 " Look, if you please, at the following comparative statements and 
 figures, and tell me if any market can truly show such increase in 
 
 trade and substantial, growth. 
 
 Pounds. 
 "• The average annual sales for fifteen years, per warehouses, from 
 
 1870 to 1884, inclusive, amounted to 20,657.162 
 
 Amount of tobacco sold in 1885 through warehouses 29,495,758 
 
 Increase percentage for 1885 over average sales for fifteen years pre- 
 ceding, 47 per cent. 
 
 Total sales for 1885 38,306,939 
 
 Increase percentage, 90 per cent. 
 
 Sales per warehouses for 1S86 37,462,979 
 
 Sales per warehouses for 1885 29,495,758 
 
 Increase percentage in 1886 over sales of 1885. 27^ per cent. 
 
 Sales not reported in 1886, per warehouses 8,708,799 
 
 Like sales in 1885 6,444,100 
 
 Increase percentage in 1886. 35 per cent. 
 
 Resales in 1886, not included in above sales. . 3,160,272 
 
 Resales in 1885 as above 2.367,072 
 
 Increase percentage in 1886, less than 5 per cent. 
 
 TOTAL SALES FOR THE YEAR 1886 49.332,050 
 
 Total sales for the year 1885 38,306,939 
 
 Increase percentage in 1886 over 1885, 29 per cent. 
 
 INCREASE IN 1886 OVER AVERAGE SALES FOR FIFTEEN 
 YEARS, PROM 1870 TO 1884, INCLUSIVE, 145 PER CENT. 
 
 Amount of tobacco exported in I886 21,710,723 
 
 Amount of tobacco exported in 1885 9,604,246 
 
 INCREASE PERCENTAGE EXPORTED IN 1886, 133 PER CENT. 
 
 " The remainder of the purchases for 1886, amounting to 27,621,- 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 139 
 
 327 pounds, have been manufactured in Lynchburg, bought on do- 
 mestic accounts and shipped to home markets. I am unable, as you 
 are aware, from our system of selUng tobacco, to ascertain the aver- 
 age price paid for tobacco sold here, but I assert it without fear of 
 successful contradiction, that if it were possible to divide the dark and 
 bright classes, the average on the former would far exceed that of 
 any loose market of the State, and the largest proportion of the 
 bright, being of the finest quality of cutters and wrappers, would far 
 exceed any average on the bright markets of North Carolina and 
 this State. 
 
 " In my last address I called your attention to the importance of 
 
 CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. 
 
 (in the METHODIST CEMETERY.) 
 
 constructing the Lynchburg, Halifax and Durham Railroad. You 
 have acted wisely, and now this Railroad is about to be constructed 
 through the finest tobacco counties of Virginia and North Carolina. 
 With the completion of this Railroad, I predict an increase in your 
 trade annually of 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 pounds tobacco, to say 
 nothing of other benefits to be derived from it, both by the farmers 
 along the line and the citizens of Lynchburg. South Boston, that flour- 
 ishing and enterprising town of Halifax, is soon to be closely allied 
 with you. Geographically, you occupy a position superior to any in 
 the State, as a distributing market. You have railroads stretching 
 out in every direction, and connection with every tobacco market of 
 
140 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 the world. Your loose tobacco market is now favorably known to 
 every nation and every city of the world. Your export trade is 
 rapidly increasing. Your export buyers are strong competitors on 
 all classes of tobacco. You have orders for all the finest wrappers, 
 finest canary cutters, finest smokers, finest dark shipping, for which 
 your market is celebrated, as well as all the lower classes. 
 
 " Nothwithstanding the large increase in your receipts this year 
 through the warehouses, it will be seen at a glance that the demands 
 of the trade have not been satisfied. Let the producers look to this 
 and send their tobacco direct to the market that shows a demand 
 for it." 
 
 As a Leaf Tobacco market Lynchburg, therefore, heads the list. 
 
 As a Tobacco manufacturing point she stands fifth. In addition to 
 the railroads now centring here, the Lynchburg, Halifax & Durham 
 road, penetrating some of the richest tobacco-growing counties in 
 Virginia and North Carolina, will shortly be opened, thus forming 
 another important feeder to the trade of the City. 
 
 With all these advantages, it must be evident that Lynchburg's 
 future, as a great central depot for the staple product of this region — 
 to .say nothing of her other industries and general commerce — is fully 
 assured. 
 
 There are in the City to-day twenty-five houses engaged in the 
 manufacture of Chewing Tobacco — plug and twist — and nine in the 
 manufacture of Smoking Tobacco — including the celebrated and in- 
 comparable "Lone Jack"; three Cigarette Factories ; Six Tobacco 
 Warehouses ; one Tobacco Storage Warehouse ; thirty-three Tobacco 
 Leaf Dealers, who buy immense quantities of tobacco, as agents and 
 on orders, for domestic and foreign markets ; nine Tobacco Commis- 
 sion Merchants ; one manufacturer of snuff; one of Tobacco Extract 
 and one Fertilizer Factory — the only one in the world — the base of 
 whose excellent product is Tobacco. Incidentally to the trade there 
 are manufacturers of Tobacco Boxes, Hogsheads, Specific Machinery, 
 &c., while the number of citizens, of all clas.scs, immediately de- 
 pendent on this branch of trade for their livelihood, would aggregate 
 several thousands. 
 
 STATISTICAL REVIEW— 1868 to 1883. 
 
 The latest "Annual Report" of the Lynchburg Chamber of 
 Commerce, which contains statistical information of any special value. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I4I 
 
 was issued in 1884, and the subjoined extracts are selected from the 
 address of its then President, Capt. Charles M. Blackford, delivered 
 on the 8th of January in that year : 
 
 " When the war closed, Lynchburg, like all other Southern cities, 
 was completely prostrate. Its enormous slave property was value- 
 less ; all its banks and monetary institutions were hopelessly insolvent; 
 its currency by one blow reduced to worthless paper ; personal prop- 
 erty was all gone, and real estate reduced to a minimum in value ; 
 every industr}' destroyed ; labor disorganized ; government unstable, 
 and the future so uncertain that men's hearts failed them for fear. 
 Yet amidst darkness and gloom, with patient toil and frugal life, our 
 people went to work, and to work with a vim, and in three years had 
 accomplished wonders, and had gotten themselves into line and the 
 machinery of business fairly going. 
 
 "Now, giving our people these three years to get into position, 
 let us see what has been done since. 
 
 "Full statistics of trade and progress have not been preserved. 
 Still, there are some facts undisputed, by a comparison of which you 
 can measure the result of your labors. 
 
 " For example : while the exact figures cannot be given, it is con- 
 siderably understating them to say that from 1868 to 1883 the popu- 
 lation has more than doubled. 
 
 " In 1868 the total real and personal property of Lynchburg as- 
 sessed for taxation, amounted to ;^3,264, 705 ; in 1883 to 1^9,797, 921, 
 or three times as much, and this does not include the capital in busi- 
 ness, which comes under the head of license tax. 
 
 " From the data which have been gathered by our agent, I am safe 
 in making the following, as an approximate estimate of the values 
 owned in Lynchburg in 1883 : 
 
 Amount of real estate $^,,^06,641 
 
 Personal property, as taxed 3,891,271 
 
 Engaged in trade, as capital and otherwise 2,897,962 
 
 U. S. Bonds and other personal property, not listed, 
 
 estimated 500,000 
 
 Total property of the city ;^i 2,695, 874 
 
 " This shows that, while the population was doubled in this period, 
 the wealth is four times as great. 
 
 "This estimate of population and property is made with due re- 
 gard to the extension of the City limits, which was made between 
 the two dates compared. In ascertaining the population in 1868, I 
 take the figures of a local census which included all the territory sub- 
 sequently incorporated into the City, and the values are taken from 
 the values assessed for taxation under the railroad tax, which ex- 
 tended for half a mile around the former limits, and included all the 
 territory taken in by the extension of the limits. 
 
142 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 "Another interestin^j comparison is found in the statements of 
 the bankincr institutions of the City. 
 
 " The true banking capital of a place is not the mere par of the 
 aggregate capital stock of the different banks. It is the money 
 which, through the instrumentality of the banks, is centralized in a 
 place, and is available to the merchant or manufacturer who desires 
 to borrow. This, of course, includes under the head of ' Banking- 
 Capital,' the aggregate capital, surplus and deposits of all the banks ; 
 for this aggregate, after deducting what is invested in real estate, 
 office furniture and other like property, and what cash is necessarily 
 kept on hand, is what the banks have to lend out and thus put into 
 the channels of trade. 
 
 " In the beginning of 1868, the aggregate capital, surplus and de- 
 posits of all the banks of Lynchburg amounted only to ;f^5 37,81 1.82, 
 of which, so high was the rate of discount, [then twelve per centum] 
 that only $276,^,^^.4.^ was lent out and represented by bills receivable. 
 
 " In 1883, the aggregate capital, surplus and deposits, amounts to 
 ;S3,428,078. 17 — over six times as much — and the loans, instead of 
 being $276,359.45, as in 1868. aggregate an average of two and one- 
 half millions — nearly ten times as much, but are at a rate of discount 
 of only six per centum. 
 
 " Nor is this great increase the only remarkable disclosure made 
 by this inspection of the bank statements. The bills receivable of 
 the banks and bankers of the city averaged for 1883, an aggregate 
 of about $2,500,000. The average duration of the negotiable paper 
 discounted by banks is ninety days, and hence the whole $2,500,000 
 was renewed, some of it in the same, but the most of it in different 
 hands, four times during the year ; and therefore the total discounts 
 of the banks of Lynchburg for the year 1883 aggregated ten millions 
 of dollars, and I speak advisedly, as the President of a bank in full 
 accord with the other banks, and by their authority, when I announce 
 that out of this large sum so lent out in this community during the 
 past yQdir, not one cent was lost or suspended. The same thing, I be- 
 lieve, can not be said by any other place of the same size and doing 
 the same amount of business in the United States. 
 
 " The statistics from the railroads have not all been furnished yet ; 
 but enough is before me to justify a statement that the tonnage to 
 and from Lynchburg during the past year was about nine time as 
 much as it was ten years ago. 
 
 * * * * * :!: ^: :i: 
 
 " During the past ten years, the trade and manufacture of tobacco 
 lias increased, but not in proportion with the advance of other indus- 
 tries, a fact which is significant, and for which many reasons are given. 
 
 " In 1873, 18,206,321 pounds of leaf tobacco were sold in Lynch- 
 burg ; in 1883, 24,620,811 pounds. In 1873,4,503,337 pounds of 
 tobacco were manufactured here; in 1883, 6,061,568 pounds. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 •43 
 
 "Why this trade alone has lagged in the race, is a very difficult 
 
 question to answer. 
 
 * * * * ^ * * * 
 
 " For one I have no great apprehension that the tobacco trade of 
 this City will decline. There is too much energy and capital in it for 
 that, but the fact is the place has outgrown this particular traffic. 
 Thirty years ago, aye, twenty years ago, when Lynchburg won and 
 deserved the title of ' The Tobacco City,' when capital and industry 
 
 EESIDENCES ON CHURCH STREET. 
 
 MR. CHARLES W. BUTTON. DR. D. A. LANGHORNE. 
 
 sought no other channel, when a citizen was a tobacconist or nothing, 
 
 and when a stranger, to use the language of the sable poet, was only 
 
 ' 'Gwiiie down to Lynchburg town, 
 To carry his tobacco down dar,' 
 
 this place was dependent on that trade exclusively. This is not now 
 the case, not because of any decline in the tobacco trade, but because 
 other enterprises have to so much larger extent occupied the indus- 
 tries of our people, and have made such rapid growth that tobacco, 
 while it is still indisputably king, and will be so for many years to 
 come, finds a rival not to be despised, and all good citizens must re- 
 ioice that such is the case. 
 
144 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 ■' Long since the war the commercial vigor of Lynchburg was con- 
 fined to the retail trade. Now the retail trade has greatly increased 
 in bulk and in profit, and in addition, house after house is being 
 started, devoted exclusively to the wholesale business in distinct 
 articles. 
 
 "The merchant can here be supplied now with groceries, dry 
 goods, hard-ware, boots and shoes, hats and caps, drugs and medicines, 
 all from different houses, and at prices so low that those who buy 
 once are sure to come again. Nor do these merchants sit quietly in 
 their counting rooms and wait for trade to come to them, as in the 
 Arcadian days of John Hollins, John G. Meem and Henry Davis. 
 
 " Every train that leaves, carries a commercial traveller on his 
 missionary tour in behalf of his employer in particular, and Lynch- 
 burg in general, and I am told that whenever two or three are gath- 
 ered together within a radius of hundreds of miles, there will be 
 found a Lynchburg drummer in the midst, plying his vocation with 
 such zeal that the more fastidious. representatives of the larger cities 
 retire in disgust from the ground, knowing that if it is thus in the 
 green tree, competition will be a farce in the dry. 
 
 " If one will start from the abutment of the beautiful dam which 
 has just been finished across the river, and which will greatly increase 
 our water power, and pass down to the end of tliis level on the canal, 
 the evidence of recent growth and development is very apparent " — 
 (Here are enumerated Flour Mills, Foundries and Machine Shops, 
 Gas Works, Lumber Yards, the new City Pump House, Planing 
 Mills, Sash, Blind and Door Factories, Furnaces, Furniture Factory, 
 Sumac Mill, Bark and Dye Works, Barytes Mill and " the long line 
 of freight trains, bulked from three roads, and with cars whose labels 
 trace their homes South as far as Te.xas, West to the Rocky Moun- 
 tains and North to the Grand Trunk ") — " all tell of new enterprise, 
 of diverted capital, and of successful endeavors, and tell a tale to 
 which others are listening with anxious ear. 
 
 * * * -i: t- ^ ^ ii: 
 
 " I have thus grouped some of these new enterprises that we may 
 .see the City is making its departure into other channels than tobacco. 
 But much, much more can and must be done. How much room 
 have we for cotton and woolen factories, for manufactories of agricul- 
 tural implements, of carriages and wagons, of paper, wooden ware, 
 spokes, staves, fertilizers, leather, boots and shoes, hats and caps, 
 drugs and medicines, stoves and castings of like nature, furniture, 
 pottery, glass and all the infinite variety of iron ware ; indeed all the 
 numberless articles which man's lu.xuries or necessities demand. 
 
 " We have room in abundance, and there is still vast unused water 
 power on this and the level above the City, or, if steam is preferred as 
 a motive power, coal is now reduced to a figure which makes it avail- 
 able, and by circling the town with a railway, switching off from the 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 145 
 
 Midland track, near Karn & Hickson's brick yard, and running 
 toward the Dirt Bridge or Fair Grounds, and possibly connecting with 
 the Norfolk & Western road, very ample accommodations can be 
 provided for any new enterprise at very moderate cost. 
 
 " Situated as this City is, in the midst of a cheap and healthy 
 country, where labor and money are cheap ; where power, either by 
 water or steam can be economically applied ; where the raw material 
 is daily passing by us to seek distant factories ; where the climate is 
 so moderate that cyclones and tornadoes are unknown, and where 
 the zero point is almost unnoted on the thermometer, and men can 
 do out-door work eleven and a half out of the twelve months of the 
 
 -v<U<^/?^^ 
 
 
 PROPERTY OF THE LYNCHBURG AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL 
 
 SOCIETY. 
 (the main building and grand stands from the race track.) 
 
 year, and where six railways ray out in six different directions, and 
 connect with the whole network of the land, North, South, East and 
 West — there is no place which so commends itself to the manufac- 
 turer as a distributing point for his wares, or where he can sit so close 
 to the gateways of the great marts and enjoy their benefits and yet 
 escape their burden of expense." 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL 
 
 SOCIETY 
 
 was organized in May, 1 869, and in October of the .same year held 
 its first annual Fair in the beautiful and extensive grounds belonging 
 
146 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 to the Society, near the southwestern boundary of the City. Col. 
 George P. Tayloe, of Roanoke, was chosen as the first President, and 
 the late Mr. T. C. S. Ferguson, of Lynchburg, Chairman of the Ex- 
 ecutive Committee, with Mr. Alexander McDonald Secretary and 
 Treasurer. Under the able management of these excellent officers, 
 assisted by an Executive Committee comprising some of the most 
 substantial citizens of Lynchburg and the neighboring counties, the 
 success of the organization was assured from its inception. Under 
 the immediate supervision of Mr. Ferguson, with the benefit of his 
 experience and jndgment, the Society expended about $20,000 dur- 
 ing the first summer and autumn of its existence, in beautifying the 
 grounds, erecting buildings — pavilions, stalls. &c. — and in laying out 
 and grading the race track. 
 
 The Society has had some reverses and many difficulties to contend 
 with, on account of unseasonable weather, floods, financial stringency 
 and other causes, but it has always managed to hold its own, and 
 more, not having failed once, since its organization, to give to this 
 community and section of country the benefit of its Annual Exhibi- 
 tion ; and during that period it has distributed to its friends and pat- 
 rons, in the way of premiums and current expenses, about $150,000, 
 besides having been the means of attracting hundreds of thousands of 
 dollars in trade to the City, that might otherwise have gone else- 
 where. The advantages that the Society has conferred upon Lynch- 
 burg are beyond any computation. 
 
 Col. Tayloe was succeeded as President by Mr. Joseph Cloyd, of 
 I'ulaski, and he, in turn, by Mr. George W. Palmer, of Smyth 
 Countv. Major D. P. Graham, of Wythe, was the next President, 
 succeeded by Mr. Charles M. Blackford, of this City. At the annual 
 meeting held on May 2nd of this year. Senator John VV. Daniel was 
 unanimously elected the President of the Society for the current 
 year, Mr. l^lackford having declined re-election. Mr. Blackford 
 was also the .second chairman of the ICxecutive Committee ; Mr. B. 
 IL Nowlin. third ; and Mr. John W. Carroll, fourth. Mr. E. J. 
 j^'olkes succeeded Mr. Carroll, and is. and has been for five years, a 
 most efficient incumbent of this most responsible position. It is due 
 to Mr. Folkes to say that the signal success of the Centennial Celebra- 
 tion, held last year (1886) was owing more to him than to an}' other 
 individual, because of his indefatigable personal supervision and direc- 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 H7 
 
 tion of the preparations, together with the great abihty and excellent 
 judgment he exercised in consummating the desired object. 
 
 Many eminent statesmen and orators have, from time to time, hon- 
 ored the Society with their presence, and addressed the gathered 
 multitudes, on the occasion of the Annual Exhibitions at the Fair 
 Grounds. The list would be too extended if all were enumerated, 
 but it may not be amiss to mention Hon. A. G. Thurman, a native 
 Lynchburger, Senator Vance, Hon. B. Johnson Barbour, Governor 
 Gilbert C. Walker, Hon. Thomas S. Bocock, Hon. A. R. Boteler, 
 
 PROPERTY OP THE LYNCHBURG AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL 
 
 SOCIETY. 
 (view of the fair grounds from the main building.) 
 
 Hon. J. L. M, Curry, Judge Fullerton, of New York, General Fitz- 
 hugh Lee, the present Governor of Virginia, Rev. Dr. Fitzgerald, 
 another native Lynchburger, Capt. James Barron Hope, of Norfolk, 
 and Lynchburg's distinguished son and fa\'orite orator, Senator John 
 W. Daniel. 
 
 At the annual meeting of the Life Members of the Agricultural 
 Society in 1884, a preamble and resolution were introduced by Mr. 
 Alexander McDonald, and unanimously adopted, setting forth the 
 fact that the year 1886 would be the Centennial of L}'nchburg's ex- 
 istence, and suggesting, thus early, the propriety of ]ia\ing the Exec- 
 utive Committee take the initiative in celebrating it appropriately. 
 
148 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Actin^[T upon this suggestion, co-operative committees from other or- 
 ganizations in the City were appointed, and, by the faithful, united 
 and harmonious work of all, the great and memorable Celebration of 
 last year was the result. To Mr. McDonald is due the credit of orig- 
 inating the idea of the Centennial and in arranging and carrying out 
 the programme, and it is also his due to add that no one worked 
 more laboriously to make it a success in every particular. The 
 Trades Parade would have reflected credit upon a city of much greater 
 pretensions than Lynchburg. It was the surprise and delight of all 
 who saw it. Various were the attractions during the festival, and 
 immense crowds thronged the streets, to the number of many thou- 
 sands in excess. of any previous concourse here. It was, in fact, a 
 glorious reunion, and will be long remembered by all who took part 
 in it. One of the many prominent features of the celebration was 
 the planting of a " Centennial Oak " in the Fair Grounds, with im- 
 pressive and interesting ceremonies. 
 
 The Lynchburg Agricultural and Mechanical Society is now in the 
 full tide of prosperity, being entirely free from debt and having a sur- 
 plus in its treasury. The Managers of its affairs point with just pride 
 to its prosperous condition — the most prosperous by far of all similar 
 organizations in the State. Whilst there are many who have contributed 
 liberally of their time and money to bring about this state of affairs, 
 all will agree that to the accomplished editor of the Vtrginian, Mr. 
 Alexander McDonald, the community is indebted more than to any 
 one else, because of his ever watchful and faithful care in the man- 
 agement of the Society's interests, in his dual capacity of Secretary 
 and Treasurer. Those who have the best opportunity of knowing 
 will bear willing te.stimony to the correctness of this statement ; and 
 further, that, except for Mr. McDonald's efforts, the Society would 
 long since have languished and died. The fact of his having been 
 re-elected unanimously every year to this respon.sible office, is ample 
 evidence of the confidence and appreciation in which he is held by 
 the members and managers of the Society. 
 
 The next l^^iir will be held in October of this year, and the Execu- 
 tive Committee are already making preparations, by improving the 
 race track, grading, beautifying, building, planting, &c., and it is be- 
 lieved that this will be the most extensive and attractive exhibition 
 ever given under the auspices of the Society. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 49 
 
 The following are the present officers : President, John W. Daniel ; 
 Chairjiian of Executive Coininiitee, E. J. Folkes ; Secretary and Treas- 
 urer, Alexander McDonald ; Execntive Committee, E. J. Folkes, F. D, 
 Johnson, E. A. Craighill, Ridgway Holt, R. L. Miller, George D. 
 Witt, James R. Kyle, L. P. Shaner, \V. D. Adams, Samuel Tyree, 
 E. C. Hamner, S. W.' Nowlin, G. W. Smith, W. O. Johnson and 
 Joseph Cohn. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS. 
 
 It is beyond question that in the matter of sound and liberal finan- 
 cial institutions Lynchburg is extremely fortunate. These form the 
 bulwarks of trade in all mercantile and industrial communities, and 
 frequently offer the safest and most satisfactory investment for float- 
 ing capital. There are five incorporated Bahks in the City — four 
 National and one State — besides two private Bankers. These repre- 
 sent resources which in the aggregate amount to several millions of 
 dollars — a sum fully adequate to all the demands which the large 
 trade of the City is likely to make upon it. No difficulty is expe- 
 rienced by the manufacturers, brokers and other business men in ob- 
 taining as much money as they require, at all times and at reasonable 
 rates, on good commercial paper. In fact, the Banks are competitors 
 for mercantile discounts, and are always ready and willing to aid the 
 reputable merchant and manufacturer in the prosecution of his legiti- 
 mate business. The Lynchburg Banks are well and prudently man- 
 aged, and are all paying handsome dividends. In evidence of this 
 it may be stated that they have been entirely unaffected by the 
 "runs" and "panics" which have proved so disastrous to the *^ — 
 banking establishments of other Virginia cities during the last few 
 years. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 On arriving at Lynchburg for the first time, the stranger cannot 
 fail to be impressed most favorably with the superiority of our Hotel 
 accommodations ; and this is admitted to be one of the best crite- 
 rions by which to gauge the general commercial prosperity — or other- 
 ^vise — of every city. It must be confessed that in this respect many 
 of our Southern provincial towns are sadly deficient, and the traveller 
 is certain to be agreeably surprised at the comfort and elegance with 
 which he finds himself surrounded when he first accepts the hospi- 
 
150 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 tality of the " Hill City." Situated at the intersection of several 
 busy railroads, Lynchburg receives and entertains many thousands 
 of transient visitors during the year, and first-class hotels have been, 
 for many years past, not only an absolute necessity to the public but 
 also a source of handsome revenue to their proprietors, who vie with 
 each other in supplying the wants and increasing the comforts of their 
 guests. 
 
 Our Hotels are all that the most fastidious could desire — lofty, 
 commodious, well lighted and well ventilated, within easy reach of 
 railroad depots, churches, places of amusement, street railways, banks, 
 stores. &c. ; well furnished and provided with parlors and reception 
 rooms ; cleanly, comfortable, well managed and devoid of those tri- 
 fling but numerous discomforts which usually render hotel life so un- 
 attractive. Their tables abound in all seasonable luxuries, and the 
 large patronage which they enjoy is the best possible testimonial to 
 their excellence. 
 
 IRON WORKS, FOUNDRIES, &c. 
 The proximity of Lynchburg to the great coal and iron fields of 
 Western Virginia has naturally led to the establishment at this point 
 of Furnaces and Iron Works, of which there are now three in exten- 
 sive operation. All of these have recently enlarged their capital 
 with a view to expanding their capacity and increasing their products. 
 They are all busy and prosperous, with every prospect of continued 
 success. Pig Iron of the finest quality is manufactured from the ores 
 of this district, while the Nails, Bars, Spikes, &c., made here in large 
 quantities are unsurpassed, and command a ready market as rapidly 
 as they can be turned out. Castings for Agricultural Implements 
 and Machinery of all kinds are also among the products of our local 
 foundries. In addition to these there are established agencies of 
 Harvesting Machines of various popular makes, and of those numer- 
 ous other inventions which have become indispensable to the modern 
 agriculturist and manufacturer. The means of supplying, renewing 
 and repairing is thus brought within the reach of all who employ en- 
 gines and other mechanical contrivances, either in tobacco factories, 
 grist or saw mills, or in the simpler but not less essential operations 
 of the farm. 
 
 DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. 
 The bulk of business done in these important commodities, in 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I5I 
 
 Lynchburg, is much more considerable than would be supposed by 
 the uninitiated, and is conducted by two wholesale and about a dozen 
 retail houses, whose united sales reach the handsome sum of half a 
 million dollars, or thereabouts, annually. The stocks kept by these 
 establishments are large and varied, and several of our druggists have 
 earned a wide and honorable reputation through the excellence of 
 the goods they supply, as well as through the agency of certain 
 " specialties " which they put up. 
 
 The wholesale and manufacturing representatives of this branch of 
 trade have done valuable service to the City, for their enterprise has 
 been the means of retaining and disbursing among our own people, 
 in the form of v/ages, and otherwise, thousands of dollars which for- 
 merly went to Richmond, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and other markets, 
 in payment for the same goods which can now be supplied at home, 
 on equally favorable terms. 
 
 Besides Drugs and Chemicals, all our wholesale and some of our 
 retail houses carry full lines of Paints and Oils. Perfumery, Spices, 
 Seeds, Patent Medicines, Fancy and Toilet Articles, and numerous 
 other commodities not strictly akin to pharmacy, such as Tobacco, 
 Cigars, Cigarettes, &c. Our principal wholesale drug trade is carried 
 on with Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, the two Carolinas and Georgia, 
 while all the Southern and Middle States have been made more or 
 less familiar with Lynchburg's enterprise in this line. Nor is this all. 
 From New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Denver, San Fran- 
 cisco, Austin, and all the principal cities of the Union, orders have 
 been received for preparations compounded here, 'and it is a matter 
 of record, most gratifying to the manufacturers, that these prepara- 
 tions have been enquired for and purchased in London and Paris, as 
 well as in other European capitals. Even distant Australia has fur- 
 nished an applicant for the agency of one of Lynchburg's proprietary 
 medicines, and it is therefore quite reasonable to expect that the 
 name and fame of our City will yet overspread the civilized world as 
 the birth place and home of more than one commercial celebrity. 
 
 BOOKS, STATIONERY, &c. 
 
 The quality and quantity of reading matter in circulation among 
 the people of any community will be found to be a very accurate test 
 of their intellectual capacity and refinement. Where there are well 
 
152 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 patronized book stores, carrying large and well-selected assortments 
 of standard literature, there will also most certainly be found a large 
 proportion of cultivated and well-informed readers. And this may 
 justly be claimed for Lynchburg, where the book business is con- 
 ducted by men whose own high education and mental culture emi- 
 nently qualify them to cater to the intellectual requirements of their 
 neighbors. We have several handsome and well-stocked Book and 
 Stationery Stores, where all commodities usually kept by first-class 
 establishments of the kind are to be found in great abundance and 
 endless variety, including choice paintings, engravings, photographs, 
 and a host of other articles which may be grouped under the generic 
 term " Fancy." In some cases the Book and Stationery business is 
 combined with that of Pianos, Organs and Music, and our dealers 
 represent the most famous factories in' the country, and always keep 
 on hand a large selection of first-class instruments. 
 
 GROCERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
 
 These two important branches of Lynchburg's trade are here con- 
 solidated, for the reason that they are too closely allied to each other 
 to admit of separate treatment. United, they cover a vast field and 
 embrace many interests. Indeed, there is no department of com- 
 mercial enterprise represented in the City which employs so much 
 capital, engages so many of our leading business men, or exercises so 
 wide-spread an influence over the whole territory which recognizes 
 Lynchburg as its principal or central market. It is customary among 
 our wholesale grocers to act also as commission merchants, and vice 
 versa. Vast quantities of tobacco, grain, bacon, poultry and other 
 kinds of produce, are received here for sale on commission, and the 
 consignments are often accompanied by orders for provisions or cash. 
 An open account is often kept by the planter with his Commission 
 Merchant, who advances what goods, fertilizers and money may be 
 required by his country customer, from harvest to harvest, and it 
 occasionally happens that the latter is unable, through misfortune or 
 some other cause, to make a settlement even at harvest time, in which 
 event his Commission Merchant must " carry " him till the following 
 year, taking a mortgage lien upon land or future crops, as security. 
 It will be seen that considerable capital is required to carry on a busi- 
 ness of this kind ; and it may be here stated, without fear of contra- 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 diction, that in no town in the United States can be found a more 
 sound, solvent and successful body of business men than the Grocers 
 and Commission Merchants of Lynchburg, in proportion to the pop- 
 ulation and the amount of capital involved. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF MR. JOSEPH COHN. 
 
 (CHURCH STRKET, NEAR SIXTH.) 
 
 FURNITURE. 
 
 This trade has assumed much importance in Lynchburg of late 
 years, and now employs a large cash capital. Ordinary houseliold 
 necessaries could always be obtained here as well as elsewhere, but 
 the handsomer and more expensive articles were generally sought at 
 Richmond, or even still further away, until those now engaged in the 
 business wisely took advantage of the opportunity thus offered to 
 
154 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 local enterprise. Our Furniture Warerooms now contain large and 
 varied assortments of stock, and every taste and every pocket can 
 be suited, at factory prices, whether the articles be required for par- 
 lor, dining room, chamber, office or school. There are several firms 
 engaged here in this business, and they can afford to sell their goods 
 at reasonable figures, as they make their purchases at the manufac- 
 tories and obtain the most favorable terms. The out-lying districts 
 of this and adjoining States find this a most advantageous market at 
 which to make their purchases, and each year brings increased busi- 
 ness to our dealers. Here, as in other places, there are those to be 
 met with who refuse to acknowledge genuine excellence unless they 
 import it direct from some distant market ; but experience has 
 taught the great majority of consumers that it is more economical, 
 as well as infinitely more satisfactory, to deal with merchants whom 
 they know personally and meet every day, reliable and responsible 
 business men, who are always accessible when, through some acci- 
 dent or unexpected flaw, a guarantee may have to be made good. 
 
 WEARING APPAREL. 
 
 The above words are intended only to apply, in this instance, to 
 Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Clothiers' and Tailors' Goods, and 
 Men's Furnishing Goods generally, and not to those unfathomable 
 mysteries of feminine attire which are di.stracting even to think upon, 
 and cannot possibly be either enumerated or described. These com- 
 bined interests require considerable capital, and it is estimated that in 
 Lynchburg not less than a quarter of a million of dollars is invested 
 in them. The Boot and Shoe business, in which there is one large 
 house doing an exclusively wholesale trade, is very far reaching, and 
 goods supplied by Lynchburg houses may be found in every portion 
 of Central and Western Virginia, in the two CaroHnas, Georgia, Ala- 
 bama, Tennessee and other Southern States. Hats and Caps, which 
 also have an exclusively wholesale representative here, form another 
 link in the chain which binds us commercially to the people of ad- 
 joining States, and sales in this line are heavy, especially in Virginia, 
 North Carolina and Tennessee, where the bulk of the business is 
 done. The .same may be truly said of Clothiers' and Tailors' Goods 
 and Men's Furnishing Goods, the trade in which is extending grad- 
 ually, and will doubtless some day overspread a much more extended 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 55 
 
 territorj^ All these different branches of Lynchburg's business are 
 in the hands of sterling, practical men, who are intimately acquainted 
 with the wants of their respective trades and thoroughly understand 
 them in their most minute details. Having sufficient working capi- 
 tal, they are enabled to take advantage of every fluctuation of the 
 market, and to buy up at low figures whatever may be suitable to 
 their business. By these means they can often sell to the retail trade 
 and individual consumers at better prices than the manufacturer 
 would be willing to accept during his busy season. 
 
 DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, &c. 
 
 No attempt will be made here to depict the wonders or solve the 
 mysteries of that " Woman's Paradise," a first-class Dry Goods Store, 
 a mere catalogue of whose ordinary stock would fill many a close- 
 writ page. Suffice it to say that Lynchburg can show as handsome 
 and as well-stocked establishments devoted to this particular class of 
 merchandise as any city in Virginia, or elsewhere in the Southern 
 L^d. She can also boast of at least one mammoth concern, whose 
 trade is exclusively wholesale, and whose annual business it would 
 require seven figures to compute. Until within the past few years 
 the wholesale trade of Lynchburg, in this as in all other departments, 
 was comparatively unimportant, but only for the reason that no per- 
 sistent experiment in that direction had been made. The uniform 
 success which has crowned those enterprising houses which have led 
 the van in establishing the City as a great wholesale depot has alread}' 
 encouraged several others to follow their good example, and it is not 
 overstating the case to assert that to-day the " Hill City " has few 
 equals in the whole South as a trade centre. Our principal Dry 
 Goods and Notions Stores are on Main Street and many of them carry 
 heavy stocks of all those articles belonging to their trade, including 
 full lines of carpets, of all descriptions and the product of all lands, 
 as well as mats, rugs, druggets, and other similar wares. All their 
 goods are guaranteed not to exceed Northern prices, and their assort- 
 ments are as complete as are to be met with in any other city. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TRADES. 
 
 In the preceding pages, special attention has been directed, under 
 distinctive headings, to several of the principal branches of trade and 
 
156 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 industry which engage the manufacturing and mercantile classes of 
 Lynchburg, and it must be conceded that not only does the present 
 condition of her affairs make a most creditable showing, but also 
 that her existing advantages are in a fair way to be considerably aug- 
 mented, and that her future is rich in promises of continually in- 
 creasing prosperity — promises which will certainly be redeemed, 
 provided her people remain faithful to themselves and to their tra- 
 ditions. 
 
 In addition to the more prominent subjects already reviewed, there 
 are others, too numerous for separate classification, and yet too pro- 
 ductive of good, in their combined influence upon the community, to 
 justify their being passed by without mention. Among the indus- 
 tries which may be regarded as incidental to the enormous tobacco 
 interests of the City, the manufacture of Hogsheads and Tobacco 
 Boxes occupies a prominent position and gives employment to a 
 large number of mechanics. The demand for these products by 
 local tobacco shippers and manufacturers is naturally very consider- 
 able ; but it is not confined to the City, orders being constantly.re- 
 ceived from neighboring towns along the several lines of railroad. 
 A Broom and Brush factory has recently been established here, and 
 its capacity is already taxed to fill orders for the local trade. This 
 will prove of great advantage not only to those actually engaged in 
 the business, but also as suggesting to the farmers of this district a 
 new and profitable crop. The phenomenal success of our Fertilizer 
 and Insecticide factory — the only one in the world the basis of whose 
 product is tobacco — has been most gratifying to the whole commu- 
 nity, as well as to its projectors and proprietors, the value of whose 
 ingenious formula has been proved beyond controversy under the 
 severest tests. The Printing and I^inding establishments of the City 
 defy successful competition as regards both the quality and the price 
 of the work they turn out. Every visitor to the City is struck at 
 once with the style and excellence of the carriages and horses — the 
 property of our enterprising Livery Stable proprietors — which are 
 always to be seen on our streets. There is perhaps no town in the 
 South where better conveyances and saddle horses can be hired than 
 in Lynchburg. This is due in great measure to the almost precipi- 
 tous character of many of our thoroughfares, on which inferior horse- 
 flesh and defective vehicles would be worse than useless. In this 
 connection it may be stated that there are several carriage, buggy, 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 57 
 
 cart and wagon builders in the City who turn out first-class work and 
 are highly esteemed throughout the neighboring districts. The City 
 Cemeteries and rural Graveyards for many miles around are supplied 
 with beautiful marble and granite shafts and tomb-stones which bear 
 the " imprint " of a well known Lynchburg sculptor, as do also many 
 of the ornaments which adorn our handsome churches and residences. 
 The windows and show cases of our Jewelry Stores sparkle with rich 
 gems and present a most attractive assortment of watches, clocks, 
 gold and silver ware, and such other articles as pertain to this depart- 
 ment of trade, which here embraces spectacles, eye-glasses and opti- 
 cians' goods generally. Fine engraving on stone and metal, design- 
 ing and repairing of all kinds, can be executed here in true artistic 
 style, while orders for Lynchburg watches are received from even the 
 most distant points in the United States with increasing frequency. 
 In the matter of Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Cutlery, and other kin- 
 dred commodities, the business done here is simply enormous, and 
 there is no need to pass Lynchburg in search of any article in this 
 line, as the whole catalogue can be found in stock at any of our lead- 
 ing houses, of first-class quality, and at reasonable prices. The man- 
 ufacture of Ice from distilled water is among the recent industrial 
 experiments of the City, and, so far, the enterprise has been re- 
 warded with complete success. This now indispensable article of 
 daily consumption is furnished here at half-a-cent per pound, or, in 
 larger quantities, at five dollars per ton. The Ice is absolutely pure, 
 and, at the prices above quoted, is now within the reach of all classes 
 of consumers. Other important industries are in full and successful 
 operation in and around the City, to wit : Grist, Saw and Planing 
 Mills, Door, Sash and Blind Factories, Bark Mills, Dye Works, Barytes 
 Mills, Stone Quarries, and a score more, which, however, have not 
 yet attained special prominence. A tour of the City will reveal to 
 the observant visitor such an array of magnificent new structures — 
 Churches, Public Buildings, Private Residences, Factories, Stores and 
 Warehouses, — that any further eulogy of our Architects, Contractors 
 and dealers in Builders' Materials would be regarded by him as en- 
 tirely superfluous. This is a great mart for Horses and Mules, which 
 are extensively dealt in by our Livery Stable proprietors. The best 
 stock for any and all purposes can be obtained here at all times and 
 at such prices as to suit all purchasers. The Lynchburg Agricul- 
 
158 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 tural and Mechanical Society has done much towards establishing^ 
 this City as a great cattle and live stock market also, and our leading 
 Butchers deal largely in live as well as dead meat of the finest quality. 
 Such goods as China and Glass Ware are to be found here in as great 
 variety and at as low prices as in the large Northern Cities. Our 
 Painters, Plumbers, Tinners, Boot and Shoe Makers, Blacksmiths and 
 mechanics of all kinds furnish excellent work, each in his own line ; 
 while our Photographic Artists turn out first-class work in all .styles, 
 and faithfully reproduce, in most becoming manner, the very superior 
 efforts of those other artists, the Milliners and Tailors. Stencil cutting 
 and stamp designing have also their efficient representatives here, as 
 have also all classes of mechanical and arti.stic contrivances, sewing 
 machines, electrical machinery, &c. Musical Instruments of every 
 description can be purcha.sed, renewed and repaired. Our Confec- 
 tionery establishments are unrivalled in the variety, and excellence of 
 their delicious wares. In short, for a city of its size and population, 
 there cannot be found one anywhere in which the necessaries, com- 
 forts and luxuries of life, in all conceivable forms, are more abundant 
 or inore easily obtainable than they are in Lynchburg, and if those 
 who have been accustomed to send to distant points for their supplies 
 will only give our merchants, manufacturers and mechanics a fair 
 trial, they will certainly have no cause to regret the experiment, 
 which will no doubt result in securing their permanent patrona;^e for 
 our " home trade." 
 
 THE LOCAL TRESS. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG VIRG1NL\N. 
 
 This venerable and widely known journal,, which has only one 
 senior in the State, was established in 1808, when Lynchburg was a 
 comparatively small and unimportant town. It was launched as 
 " The Lynchburg Press," but when, in 1820, it came into the hands 
 of the late John Hampden Pleasants— one of the most distinguished 
 journalists the State of Virginia has ever produced — its name was 
 changed to "The Lynchburg Virginian'' and has so remained ever 
 since. 
 
 When Mr. Pleasants left the Virginian to take up his residence at 
 the Capital, where he became the founder of the Richmond Whig, 
 Richard H. Toler succeeded to the editorship of this paper, and, 
 upon his transfer some years afterwards to the Richmond Whig, 
 William M. Blackford became his successor here. Upon the retire- 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I 59 
 
 merit of Mr. Blackford, A. W. C. Terry assumed the duties of editor 
 of the Virginian, and continued in their discharge until his death, 
 which occurred in 185 I. James McDonald was then installed in the 
 editorial chair which he occupied till the beginning of 1857, when 
 the paper was purchased by Charles W. Button, who became editor 
 and continued in that position until July, 1885, when he was ap- 
 pointed Postmaster of Lynchburg by President Cleveland, and re- 
 tired from the paper in order to assume his new duties. His succes- 
 sor was L. S. Marye, who served the Virginian as editor until Feb- 
 ruary, 1887, when Mr. Button, having resigned as Postmaster, re- 
 sumed the editorial position for one month, and finally severed his 
 connection in the succeeding March, when the paper was purchased 
 by a syndicate of Lynchburg gentlemen, and Alexander McDonald 
 was chosen for the position of editor-in-chief, with W. W. Wysor as 
 his assistant 
 
 During its eighty years of vigorous life, the Virginian has wielded 
 an appreciable power in State and local politics, and has always been 
 a warm advocate of Lynchburg's truest interests, in whatever form 
 they happened to be presented. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG NEWS 
 
 was established on the 15th of January, 1866, by Edward D. Chris- 
 tian, a prominent lawyer of the City, and A. Waddill, a practical and 
 experienced printer. Mr. Waddill subsequently became, and still 
 remains, its sole owner. The first editor of the Neivs was Robert E. 
 Withers, afterwards United States Senator from Virginia, and now 
 Consul to Hong Kong, China. John G. Perry was the first City 
 Editor. Congressman Thomas Whitehead was afterwards editor-in- 
 chief of the paper, and was succeeded, in April, 1880, by Alexander 
 McDonald, Carter Glass at the same time taking the place of A. J. 
 De Witt as City Editor. In March, 1887, Carter Glass succeeded 
 Mr, McDonald as editor-in-chief Mr. A. W. Strange has been the 
 Business Manager of the Ncivs. for twenty years, and to his excellent 
 business capacity the success of the paper is largely due. The News 
 is now one of the firmly established institutions of Lynchburg, and 
 one of the best paying newspaper establishments in Virginia. It has 
 a large and constantly increasing circulation of all its editions ; espe- 
 cially in the rich Southwest, where its bright, new.sy pages are fa- 
 miliar to nearly every home circle. It also circulates largely through 
 Pittsylvania, Franklin, Henry and Patrick Counties, and in the coun- 
 ties immediately contiguous to Lynchburg. Its news facilities are 
 unsurpassed by any paper outside of Richmond, and are being im- 
 proved every week. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG ADVANCE. 
 This newspaper was established on the 5th of May, 1880, by 
 
l6o SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 Whiteheads, Murrell & Co., who printed daily, semi-weekly and 
 weekly editions, Capt. Thomas C. Whitehead being its Editor. In 
 May, 1882, was formed a joint stock company which conducted the 
 paper for fifteen months under the business management of Mr. W. 
 C. Carrington. In 1883 the company was reorganized, and Mr. T. 
 Davis Evans succeeded Mr. Carrington as Business Manager. 
 
 There was a second reorganization in August, 1885, when Major 
 R. H. Glass succeeded Capt. Whitehead as editor-in-chief and Mr. 
 A. J. De Witt became City Editor, Mr. Evans remaining in charge 
 of the Counting Room and Mr. H. W. Baker assuming the responsi- 
 ble position of Foreman and Assistant Editor. The staff of the paper 
 has remained unchanged since the last mentioned date. 
 
 Under its present management the Advance has made long and 
 rapid strides in public favor, and is now recognized as among the 
 leading journals of the State. Its subscription list was soon doubled 
 and is still steadily increasing. In politics it is " Democratic at all 
 times and under all circumstances," independent in every sense of 
 external influence, and devoted to the dual purpose of publishing all 
 the news of the day, and of influencing public opinion for the public 
 good. 
 
 As a pure, interesting and enterprising sheet, the Advance has won 
 its way into the hearts and homes of the people, and there are but 
 few Post Offices in Virginia at which it is a stranger, in one or other 
 of its editions. Its circulation in the adjacent States is also becom- 
 ing important, and its value as an advertising medium is becoming 
 proportionately enhanced. 
 
 Being the only afternoon paper in the City, and having secured 
 perfect telegraphic arrangements, it has become a veritable necessity 
 to this enlightened and i)rogressive community. 
 
 THE WEEKLY LABOR RECORD. 
 
 This Journal, which is "The official organ of District Assembly 
 No. 193, Knights of Labor," was established in June, 1886, by its 
 present Editor and Proprietor, Mr. J. C. Boston. It is devoted to 
 the interests of Labor, in all its numerous ramifications. It is pub- 
 lished every Saturday, and has secured a large circulation and a lib- 
 eral advertising patronage. 
 
 MARSHALL LODGE HOME AND RETREAT, FOR THE 
 SICK AND WOUNDED. 
 
 This institution, as its name implies, is a monument to local Ma- 
 sonic benevolence and public spirit. It was opened on April ist, 
 1886, by Marshall Lodge No. 39, A. F. and A. M., and is governed 
 by a Board of Managers elected by that Lodge. The Home is sit- 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. l6l 
 
 uated on the corner of Washington and Church Streets, Diamond 
 Hill, within two squares of the line of street cars, and its site is one 
 of the healthiest and most picturesque in the City. It affords accom- 
 modation for twenty patients, and during the first year of its exist- 
 ence (ending April ist, 1887), over sixty sufferers were taken care of 
 within its walls. 
 
 The institution contains four private rooms and four ward rooms. 
 Of the latter, two are in a separate building and are reserved for col- 
 ored patients. Cots have been endowed by the Ladies' Relief So- 
 ciety, the Ladies' Cot Society, (of St. Pauls Episcopal Church,) and 
 the Little Sisters of Mercy, for the use of indigent sufferers. Mod- 
 erate charges are made to those patients who are able to pay, and in 
 this manner the running expenses of the institution are partially de- 
 frayed. The deficit, whatever that may be, is borne by Marshall 
 Lodge. It is a noble charity, and one that has already conferred in- 
 estimable blessing upon the sick and suffering of the community. 
 All the physicians of the City give their services free in all cases re- 
 ceived at the Home in which the patients are unable to pay, thus 
 securing even to the poorest the advantage of .skilled medical treat- 
 ment. Many lives have doubtless been saved, and many hearts 
 made glad by the care and attention afforded by the Home, which 
 would otherwise have been beyond their reach. 
 
 The present officers and Board of Managers of the Marshall Lodge 
 Home and Retreat are as follows* President, J. P. Bell; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, T. D. Davis ; Treasurer, T. D. Jennings ; Secretary, Dr. C. E. 
 Busey ; Managers, J. P. Bell, T. D. Davis, T. D. Jennings, R. T, 
 Aunspaugh, R. T. Craighili, T. M. McCorkle, Dr. A. I. Clark, S. D. 
 Preston and E. N. Eubank. The domestic arrangements of the 
 Home are under the charge of the efficient Matron, Mrs. B. B. Cole, 
 assisted by trained nurses. 
 
 THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF 
 LYNCHBURG, VA. 
 This Association was organized on November 26th, 1882, with 
 twenty-three members. Its life at first was very feeble, but when, in 
 April, 1883, the State Convention met in this City, a deep interest in 
 the organization was awakened, and steps were forthwith taken to in- 
 sure its increased and permanent usefulness. To this end, the City 
 was thoroughly canvassed for the necessary funds by Messrs. W. H. 
 Wren, of Lynchburg ; C. A. Licklider, then Secretary of the Asso- 
 ciation at Petersburg ; and Mcllhaney, of Staunton. The As- 
 sociation then occupied the rooms over the office of Messrs. R. Pol- 
 lard & Co., on Eighth Street, but the growing membership soon made 
 it necessary to secure more extensive quarters, and on January ist, 
 1885, these were found and rented on the corner of Main and Eighth 
 Streets, 
 
|62 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA, 
 
 In April, 1886, the City was again canvassed for the purpose of 
 raising money sufficient to build a permanent Home worthy of the 
 Association. The handsome and commodious structure on Church 
 Street, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, an engraving of which 
 is shown on the opposite page, was the result of this canvass, and 
 the citizens may well feel proud of this fine building, which was 
 erected at a cost of about $17,000. 
 
 Mr. C- A. Licklider was the first Secretary of this Association. 
 He held the office for six months and was succeeded by Mr. Charles 
 Hammersley. In April, 1884, the last named gentleman retired and 
 the duties of the Secretaryship were discharged by Mr. William Gum- 
 ming until September ist, 1885, when he resigned to enter the min- 
 istry. Mr. Licklider was then recalled, and is now the efficient and 
 enthusiastic Secretary of the Association, which owes much of its 
 prosperity to his capacity and zeal. 
 
 At the organization of the A.ssociation Mr. W. H, Wren was 
 elected President. He served for two years, and was succeeded by 
 Mr. VV. A. Hefifernan. Major Thomas J. Kirkpatrick was the next 
 presiding officer, and was followed by Mr. J. P. Pettyjohn, who still 
 fills the chair. 
 
 The present ofiicers of the Association are : President, J. P. Petty- 
 john ; 1st Vice-President, J. G. Payne; 2nd Vice-President, J. L. 
 Thompson ; 3rd Vice-President, William Kinnier ; Treasurer, J. B. 
 Johnson; Recording Secretary, Christopher Winfree; General Secre- 
 tary, C. A. Licklider ; Assistant Secretary, Walter M. Williams ; Su- 
 perintendent of Gymnasium, Prof Wyndham Robertson ; Directors: 
 R. T. Aunspaugh, N. C. Manson, Jr., M. H. Payne, F. T. Lee, J. T. 
 Yates and Charles W. Button. 
 
 The Reading Room is well supplied with a fine class of daily and 
 weekly newspapers, magazines and other periodicals. It is open to 
 all, whether members of the Association or not, and a hearty wel- 
 come is extended to all visitors — especially to strangers in the City. 
 To members alone, and their invited guests, V^elong the privilege of 
 the parlor, chess room and smoking room, educational classes, gym- 
 nasium with instruction, and admission to the monthly entertainments. 
 
 The membership has now grown to five hundred and forty-five, 
 and is univer.sally admitted to be of immense benefit not only to the 
 individual members but also to the morale of the City generally. 
 
 On November 4th, 1886, the building was formally opened, and 
 the occasion was marked by an eloquent and impressive address by 
 the Mayor of the City, Mr. N. C. Mansion, Jr., before a large and en- 
 thusiastic audience, and by Capt. L. L. Marks, of Petersburg. 
 
NEW BUILDING OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHKISTIxiN ASSOCIATION. 
 
164 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 MILITAKY ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG HOME GUARD. 
 
 This Company was organized on November 8th, 1859, ^"*^ '^ the 
 cnly one still surviving in Lynchburg whose history antedates the 
 war. Its original officers were: Captai?i, Samuel Garland, Jr. ; First 
 Lieutenant, K. Otey ; Second Lieiiteiiant, M. N. Moorman ; Third 
 Lieutenant, John G. Meem, Jr. ; Fourth Lieutenant, Samuel M. Simp- 
 son. 
 
 On the 23rd of April, 1861, the Home Guard — loi .strong — left 
 Lynchburg, by order of the Governor of Virginia, and were mus- 
 tered into the service of the State on the following day at Richmond. 
 
 The War Record of the Company shows that it was engaged in 
 the following battles, affairs and skirmishes, namely : Bull Run, Va. , 
 July 18, 1861 ; Manassas, Va., July 21, 1861 ; Drainesville, Va., 
 December 19, 1861 ; Warrenton Junction, Va. , March 12, 1862 ; 
 Yorktown, Va., April 1862; Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862; 
 Seven Pines, Va. , May 31, 1862 ; Frazier's Farm, Va., June 30, 1862; 
 Second Battle of Manas.sas, Va., August 31, 1862 ; Boonsboro', Md., 
 September 14, 1862 ; Sharpsburg, Md., September 17, 1862 , Suffolk 
 or White Marsh, Va., April 30, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 ; 
 Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863; Plymouth, N. C, April 
 18, 1864; Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864; Cold Harbour, Va., 
 June I to 15, 1864; Clay House, Va., June 16 and 17, 1864; Deep 
 
 Bottom or Nine Mile Road, Va., , Chesterfield Line, Va., 
 
 Winter of 1864-5 ; Ford's Depot, Va. , March 30, 1865 ; Dinwiddie 
 Court House, Va. , March 31, 1865 ; Five Forks, Va., April i, 1865; 
 .Sailors Creek, Va., April 6, 1865. 
 
 It will be seen by the above that the Home Guard was a figJiting 
 Company from first to last, and this is still further evidenced by the 
 fact that, including members who joined and recruits who followed 
 after the Company was mustered into service, forty-four of its num- 
 ber were killed or died from wounds, six died in the service of dis- 
 ease, twenty-seven were severely wounded and thirty-three wounded 
 but not seriously. 
 
 The Company furnished to the Confederate States Army during 
 the war thirty-four officers, as follows : One Brigadier General, two 
 Colonels, four Majors, thirteen Captains and fourteen Lieutenants. 
 
 The present officers of the Lynchburg Home Guard are : 
 K. Otey, Captain, John D. Oglesby, 4th Sergeant, 
 
 E. A. Biggers, ist Lieutenant, W. N. Turner, 5th (or color) " 
 John H. Moore, 2nd " W. C. Caldwell, i.st Corporal and 
 
 F" rank C. Scruggs, Junior 2d Lieut. Acting Q. M. S. 
 
 P. T. Withers, Jr., ist Sergeant, William J. Seabury, 2nd Corporal, 
 J, L. McKinney, 2nd " McC. Wade, 3rd Corporal, 
 
 Thomas Clay tor, 3rd " John C. Shearer, 4th Corporal. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. l6$ 
 
 THE LYNCHBURG LIGHT ARTILLERY BLUES. 
 
 This battery was organized on May 5th, 1877. Its original officers 
 were : Captain, Frank T. Lee ; First Lieutenant, William N. Well- 
 ford ; Second Lientetiant, Mosby H. Payne ; Third Lientenant, Wm 
 H. Dudley. 
 
 In 1882 the battery went to Baltimore to take part in the great 
 " Oriole " festival. During the grand procession they acted as escort 
 to "Lord Baltimore" and received two beautiful markers' flags, as 
 first prize lor best appearance on parade, presented by the Oriole 
 Committee and a Committee from the ist Maryland Regiment. 
 
 Its present officers are : 
 Robert D. Yancey, Captain, F. P. Johnson, 4th Serg't (Guidon) 
 
 Samuel H. Dillon, ist Lieutenant John A. Davis, O. M. " 
 Alfred A. MuUan, 2nd " James B. Gregory, ist Corporal 
 
 Thomas E. Craddock, 3rd " H. A. Southall, 2nd 
 
 James S. Dudley, ist Sergeant R. L. Poindexter, 3rd " 
 
 J. F. Spencer, 2nd " H. A. Hawkins, 4th " 
 
 W. A. Taylor, 3rd 
 
 THE LIGHT ARTILLERY BLUES. JUNIOR, 
 
 (formerly the LYNCHBURG ZOUAVES), 
 
 were organized on August 25th, 1884, with J. D. Clark as Captain. 
 In the fall of 1886 they reorganized and became affiliated with the 
 Lynchburg Light Artillery Blues, as a junior battery, which now 
 musters thirty-seven youths between the ages of fifteen and eighteen 
 years. They are thoroughly drilled, and present a handsome and 
 military appearance on parade. The juvenile battery is officered as 
 follows : 
 
 Captain — J. D. Clark. 
 
 First Lieutenant — M. C. Jameson, Jr. 
 
 Second Lieutenant — J. L. Well ford. 
 Junior Second Licjitenant — C. Owen. 
 
 Sergeants — ist, Emerson ; 2d, Craighill ; 3d, Gilbert ; 4th, ; 
 
 5th, Blackford ; 6th, Lee. 
 
 Corporals — (st, McGehee ; 2d, Warwick ; 3rd, Jameson. 
 
 Dnimmers — Jameson, Wellford, Blackford, Krise. 
 
 THE FITZ LEE TROOP 
 
 was organized in April, 1885, as the "Wise Troop," and was vir- 
 tually a reorganization of the original troop of that name which mu.s- 
 tered into the service of the State at the beginning of the Civil War, 
 and was disbanded at its close. The name of the troop was changed 
 last year, as above, in honor of the present Governor of Virginia, the 
 dashing and gallant Cavalry General, Fitzhugh Lee, and by his per- 
 
1 66 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 mission. The original officers of the troop were: Captain, V>. W. 
 Bocock ; First Lieutenant, A. S. Payne ; Seeond Lieutenant, Joseph B. 
 Page ; Thirel LJeutenant, Jacob Shaner. Capt. Bocock resigned after 
 servdng a year and was succeeded by Captain Payne who, in turn, re- 
 signed on April 3rd, 1887. 
 
 The present officers of the Fitz Lee Troop are : 
 Joseph B. Page, Captain, C. R. Vest, 5th Sergeant 
 
 B. W. Bocock, 1st Lieutenant A. Hauser, color 
 Thomas Smith, 2nd *" H.W. Baker, Q. M. " 
 
 W. B. Foster, ist Sergeant B. O. Mays, ist Corporal 
 
 H. A. Fisher, 2nd " R. A. Treavey, 2nd " 
 
 J. J. Beavers, 3rd " L. D. Creasy, 3rd " 
 
 J. P. Ackerly, 4th " T. C. Blackburn. 4th " 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The story of Lynchburg's rise and progress might be extended in- 
 definitely, and even then the half of its advantages and attractions 
 remain untold. But it is hoped that those already enumerated will 
 prove sufficient to excite the interest and curiosity of the reader who 
 has had no opportunity as yet of visiting the beautiful " Hill City " 
 or of coming into personal contact with its happy, industrious and 
 thriving inhabitants. 
 
 The foregoing sketch is but an outline-drawing at the best ; but its 
 object has been to produce a faithful portrait, rather than a flattering 
 pietiire, and it is now left to the intelligent and impartial public to 
 decide whether the work shall be awarded the credit of having hon- 
 estly achieved its purpose, or be consigned as a failure to the pitiful 
 doom of perpetual obscurity. It is frankly admitted that the narra- 
 tive is sadly deficient in literary merit ; but as no claim has been 
 made for it on that score, the fear of adverse criticism has not alloyed 
 the gratefulness of the compiler's task. 
 
 The outside world is here informed, on the indisputable authority 
 of facts and figures, of the great natural and acquired superiority of 
 our busy City as a Commercial and Industrial Centre, where capital 
 can alwa}'s find safe and profitable investment, and where honest la- 
 bor can at all times command steady and lucrative employment. 
 The citizens of Lynchburg may well feel proud of the continued and 
 marked improvement which their trade has shown in all its branches; 
 and in their name a warm invitation is extended to all who feel 
 prompted to investigate the accuracy of the foregoing statements in 
 person, with the promise of a cordial, old-fashioned Virginia welcome. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 167 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT, 1887. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Mayor — N. C. Manson, Jr. 
 
 Treasurer — John W. Bransford. 
 
 Auditor — Kirk Otey. 
 
 Collector of City Taxes — R. T. Lacy. 
 
 Covimissioner of the Revenue — Charles W. Price. 
 
 CommomveaWi s Attorney — A. H. Burroughs. 
 
 City Attorney — R. G. H. Kean. 
 
 Clerk of the Courts — Samuel D. Preston. 
 
 City Sergeant — Matt. J. Day. 
 
 Chief of Police—]. M. Irwin. 
 
 City Engineer — Aug. Forsberg. 
 
 Superintendent of Water Works — James Allen. 
 
 Register of Water Works — Thomas W. Green. 
 
 Ctty Surveyor — L. P. Rodes. 
 
 High Constable— U C. Talbot ; Deputy— "ti. W. F'aris. 
 
 Coroner — Dr. Carter Wade. 
 
 Clerk of the Market— T. M. Harwood. 
 
 Chief Enc[i7ieer Fire Department — Alexander Thurman. 
 
 Keeper of Almshouse — J. B. McGehee. 
 
 Physician to Almshouse — ^Dr. H. G. Latham. 
 
 Physician to the Outside Poor — Dr. W. H. Dulaney. 
 
 Police Commissioners — D. C. Guy, S. M. McCorkle and W. L. 
 Moorman. 
 
 Board of Health— Tfrs. T. L. Walker, G. W. Thornhill and A. I. 
 Clark. 
 
 Overseers of the Poor — Dr. W. H. Dulaney (President), Clinton De 
 Witt, Richard Matthews, S. W. Younger and N. B. Floyd. 
 
 Boa?'d of Fire Commissioners — G. W. Smith (President), W. H. 
 Snead and E. C. Hamner. 
 
 Superintendent of Public Schools — Edward C. Glass. 
 
 Board of School Trustees—^. L. Miller (President), J. T. Taylor, 
 Thomas H. Early, W. A. Miller, Camillus Christian, Jacob H. Frank- 
 lin, J. B. Winfree, J. L. Thompson and W. B. Snead. 
 
1 68 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 COMMON COUNCIL. 
 
 President — John W. Carroll. 
 
 Clei'k — Carter Glass. 
 
 First Ward Coiincilnien — George M. Jones, James I. Lee, W. F. 
 Mathews, P. A. Krise and John P. Pettyjohn. 
 
 Second Ward CouJicilvien — John W. Carroll, Peter J. Otey, James 
 W. Dickerson, Louis P. Shaner and J. D. Sullivan. 
 
 Third Ward Councilmen — John D. Holt, Richard L. Miller, Dr. 
 W. T. Walker, Henry Edwards and Jefferson Anderson. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 First Ward — S. R. Wortham, J. B. Crenshaw, W. B. P'reeman and 
 E. W. Jones. 
 
 Second Wafd — F. D. Johnson and John Kelly. (Two vacancies.) 
 Tki7-d Ward — J. W. Breathed and W. B. Snead. (Two vacancies.) 
 
 CITY COURTS. 
 
 Corporation Court — Judge, Charles P. Latham ; Clerk, Samuel D. 
 Preston. 
 
 Circuit Court — Judge, J. D. Horseley ; Clerk, Samuel D. Preston. 
 Police Court— Mdiy or, N. C. Manson, Jr.; Clerk, P. V. Ford. 
 
 UMTED STATES OFFICERS. 
 
 COURTS. 
 
 (meet in march and SEPTEMBER.) 
 
 District Court— ]\xdgG, John Paul ; Clerk, W. M. Elliott ; Deputy 
 Clerk, VV. B. Tinsley. 
 
 Circuit Court— ]\xdge, Hugh L. Bond ; Clerk, W. M. p:iliott ; 
 Deputy Clerk, W. B. Tinsley. 
 
 UNITED STATES POST OFFICE. 
 
 Postjuaster — T. D. Jennings. 
 
 Assista?it Postmaster — T. D. Davis. 
 
 Stamp Clerk — Robert Strother. 
 
 Register Clerk — J. A. Bass. 
 
 Money Order Clerk — T. D. Davis. 
 
 Delivery Clerk — J. C. Kinnier. 
 
 Distributing Clerk—]. D. Murrell, Jr. 
 
 Mailing Clerk — J. S. Nicholas. 
 
 Superintendent of City Delivery — W. J. Seabury. 
 
 UNITED STATES SIGNAL OFFICE. 
 Sergeant in Charge — T. F. Schley. 
 
ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 
 
 169 
 
 UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE. 
 
 Deputy Collecttv'-in-Char^c — J. Risque Hutter. 
 Dep2ity Collectors — L. P. Rodes and Charles F. Byrne. 
 Clerk — N. F. Featherston. 
 District Deputy — John Whitehead. 
 Ganger — James McDaniel. 
 
 LIST OF PRESIDENTS OF THE COMMON COUNCIL. 
 
 [Note. — Owing to the loss of the earliest Record Book of the 
 Council, the names of its presiding officers from 1805, when the Town 
 of Lynchburg was first incorporated, to 181 1, are not known.] 
 
 Prom 1811 to 1817— William Davis. 
 
 " 1817 to 18IS— Robert, Morris. 
 
 " 1818 to 1830— William Norvell. 
 
 '• 1820 to 1822— William Davis, Jr. 
 
 " 1822 to 1832— John Thurmati. 
 
 " 1832 to 1841— Smitlison H. Davis. 
 
 " 1841 to 1850— John M. Otey. 
 
 " 1800 to 1865— John M. Speed. 
 
 From 1865 to I866— Lorenzo Norvell. 
 " 1866 to 1868— A. B. Rucker. 
 " 1868 to 1870— John Boisseau, (mili- 
 tary appointee. ) 
 " 1870 to 1871— W. M. «lack. 
 '^ 1871 to 1872— John Robin McDaniel. 
 '* 1872 to 1887— John W, Can-oil. 
 
 THE MAYORS OF LYNCHBURG. 
 
 As a matter of interest to the reader, the following list of the Chief 
 Magistrates of the City, in the order of their succession, is given: 
 
 1806 John Wiatt, 
 
 1807 Roderick Taliaferro, 
 
 1808 Samnel J. Harrison, 
 
 1809 John Lynch, Jr., 
 
 1810 M. Lambert, 
 
 1811 John Schoolfield. 
 
 1812 James Stewart, 
 
 1813 Robert Morris, 
 
 1814 Samuel J. Harrison, 
 
 1815 James Stewart, 
 
 1816 John M. Gordon, 
 
 1817 Samuel J. Harrison, 
 
 1818 William Morgan, 
 
 1819 James Stewart, 
 
 1820 John Thurman, 
 
 1821 Mieajah Davis, 
 
 1822 John Hancock, 
 
 1823 Thomas A. Holcombe, 
 
 1824 Albon McDaniel, 
 
 1825 John Victor, 
 
 1826 Albon McDaniel, 
 
 1827 Christopher Winfree, 
 
 1828 Albon McDaniel, 
 
 1829 Ammon Hancock, 
 
 1830 Elijah Fletcher, 
 
 1831 John R. D. Payne, 
 1833 Elijah Fletcher, 
 1833 John M. Warwick, 
 
 1834 Henry M. Didlake, 
 
 1835 Samuel J. Wiatt, 
 
 1836 Pleasant Labby, 
 
 1837 Ammon Hancock, 
 
 1838 Martin W. Davenport, 
 
 1839 John R. D. Payne, 
 
 1840 Samuel Nowlin, 
 
 1841 Ammon Hancock, 
 J 842 Henrv M. Didlake, 
 
 1843 Edwin Mathews, 
 
 1844 David W. Burton, 
 
 1845 M. Hart, 
 
 1646 Henry M. Didlake. 
 
 1847 Daniel J. Warwick, 
 
 1848 Henry 0. Schoolfield, 
 
 1849 Edwin Mathews, 
 
 1850 Henry M. Didlake, 
 
 1851 William D. Branch, 
 
 18G9 Albon McDaniel, [military appointee, 
 served previously as Mayor in 1824, 
 1826 and 1828.] 
 
 1870 James M. Cobbs, 
 
 1872 George H. Burch, 
 
 1876 Samuel A. Bailey, 
 
 1880 Samuel G. Wingtield, 
 
 1882 A. H. Pettigrew, 
 
 1884 N. C. Manson, Jr., the present incum- 
 bent. 
 
1 JO SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 
 
 GUIDE TO THE CHURCHES. 
 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 
 
 St. PanV s — Rev. T. M. Carson, Rector. Corner of Church and 
 Seventh Streets. 
 
 Grace Memorial — Rev. J. H. Wilh'ams, Rector. Corner of Grace 
 and Sixteenth Streets, Diamond Hill. 
 
 Christ— ^ft\. J. H. Williams, Rector. Cabell Street, Daniel's Hill. 
 
 Epiphany — No Rector. Occasional services. Salem Turnpike, 
 near Fair Grounds. 
 
 CATHOLIC. 
 
 Churcli of the Holy Cross — Rev. J. J. McGuirk, Priest in charge. 
 Corner of Clay and Seventh Streets. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 first— K^v. W. T Hall, D. D., Pastor. Main Street, between 
 Twelfth and Thirteenth. 
 
 Second — Rev. J. M. Rawlings, Pastor. Corner of Church and 
 Ninth Streets. 
 
 TJiird — Rev. James R. Crews, Pastor. Cabell Street, Daniel's Hill. 
 
 West End Chapel — Rev. J. M. Rawlings, Pastor. Park Avenue, 
 near P'air Grounds. 
 
 mp:thodist episcopal. 
 
 Court Street — Rev. P. A. Peterson, Pastor. Corner of Court and 
 Seventh Streets. 
 
 Centenary — Rev. H. C. Cheatham, Pastor. Church Street near 
 Eleventh. 
 
 Memorial — Rev. John Hannon, D. D., Pastor. Corner of Floyd 
 and Ninth Streets. 
 
 DanieVs Hill — Rev. W. A. Langhorne, Pastor. Cabell Street, 
 Daniel's Hill. 
 
 Trinity Chapel — Rev. H. C. Cheatham, Pastor. Grace Street, near 
 Presbyterian Cemetery. 
 
 METHODIST PROTESTANT. 
 
 First — Rev. T. E. Coulbourn, Pastor. Church Street, near Eighth, 
 
 City Alms House — Rev. S. J. Liggan, Pastor. Corner of Federal 
 
 and Hollins Streets. Services on the second Sunday of each month. 
 
 BAPTIST. 
 
 first — Rev. W. R. L. Smith, D. D., Pastor. Corner of Court and 
 Eleventh Streets. 
 
 Second — Rev. R. R. Acree, Pastor. Corner of Floyd and Eleventh 
 Streets. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Part I.— DESCRIPTIVE 5 
 
 Part II.— HISTORICAL 51 
 
 Part III.— COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL 129 
 
 GENERAL SUBJECTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 " Advance,'' The Lynchburjr 159 
 
 Agriculture 8 
 
 Blue Ridfie Region, The 12 
 
 Banks and Bankers 149 
 
 Books, Stationery, &c , .. 151 
 
 Campbell County set apart 57 
 
 Cereals 39 
 
 Chamber of Commerce, The 129 
 
 Churches. Guide to The 170 
 
 City Government 167 
 
 Climate 7 
 
 Commercial Growth 34 
 
 Commercial and General 129 
 
 Conclusion KiO 
 
 Descriptive 5 
 
 Division of Virginia into Shires 55 
 
 Drugs and Chemicals 150 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, &c 155 
 
 Early Days 51 
 
 Education 33 
 
 Financial 31 
 
 First Reservoir and Water Works. . 100 
 
 Fitz Lee Troop, The 105 
 
 Forest Growth 9 
 
 Forty-five Years Ago 59 
 
 Fruit Culture 40 
 
 Furniture 153 
 
 Game and Hunting 39 
 
 Golden Opportunities 37 
 
 Grazing Lands 43 
 
 Grocers and Commission Merchants. . 152 
 
 Guide to the Churches 170 
 
 Historical 51 
 
 Hotels and Boarding Houses 33 149 
 
 Hygiene 11 
 
 Industrial 7\.d vantages 6 
 
 Page 
 
 Introductory 5 
 
 Iron Works, Foundries, &c 150 
 
 James River and Kanawha Canal. . . . 102 
 
 James River Valley, The 45 
 
 " Labor Record," The Weekly 160 
 
 Local Industries 35 
 
 Local Press, The 158 
 
 Lynchburg Agricultural and Mechani- 
 cal Society, The 145 
 
 Lynchburg Fair, The 33 
 
 Lynchburg Female Orphan Asylum.. 103 
 Lynchburg, Halifax and North Caro- 
 lina Railroad 134 
 
 Lynchburg Home Guard, The 164 
 
 Lynchburg Light Artillery Blues. The 165 
 Lynchburg Light Artillery Blues, 
 
 Junior, The 165 
 
 Lynchburg ToV)acco Association, The. 130 
 
 "Lynch Law" 63 
 
 March to Lynchburg and pursuit of 
 
 Hunter Ill 
 
 Marshall Lodge Home and Retreat. . 160 
 
 Mayors of Lynchburg 169 
 
 Military Organizations 164 
 
 Minerals 10 
 
 Miscellaneous Trades 155 
 
 Municipal 85 
 
 '• News" The Lynchburir 159 
 
 Norfolk & Western Railroad 133- 
 
 Presidents of Common Council 169 
 
 Public Improvements 13 
 
 Railroads 11 
 
 Restored Peace 134 
 
 Richmond & Alleghany Rail Road. . 133 
 
 Scenery 6 
 
 Slavery and Tobacco 73 
 
1/2 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 ras;e 
 
 Statistical Review— 1868 to 1888. .. . 140 
 
 Summer Resort? 39 
 
 Tobacco 136 
 
 Transportation 132 
 
 United States Officers 108 
 
 Various 49 
 
 Page 
 
 Virginia Midland Railway 132 
 
 '• Viririnian," The Lynchburg 158 
 
 War "Between the States, The 107 
 
 Water Power 33 
 
 W earing Apparel 154 
 
 YM C A 161 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Baptist Church, (First) 135 
 
 Biggers Public School Building 35 
 
 Bridge, Sixth St and Union Depot... . 9 
 
 Button, Charles W, Residence of 143 
 
 Carroll, John W's Tobacco Factory . 127 
 
 Carroll, John W's residence 45 
 
 Church Street, Residences on 143 
 
 Church of the Holy Cross (R. C.) 121 
 
 City Hall and Court House 69 
 
 City Re.«ervcirs . 121 
 
 " City View," Residence of Samuel B 
 
 Rucker Ill 
 
 Cohn, Joseph's Clothing Establish- 
 ment 17 
 
 Cohn, Joseph, Residence of 153 
 
 College Hill Reservoir 31 
 
 Confederate Soldiers' Monument 139 
 
 Court Street, looking Nortliwest 01 
 
 Couit Street Methodist Church 43 
 
 Court Street, Residences on 05 
 
 Craighill, DrE A, Residence of 05 
 
 Craigliill, R T, Residence of 05 
 
 Faulkner & Craighill's Drug Store... 23 
 
 Faulkner, John W, Residence of 87 
 
 Firemen's Memorial Fountain 13 
 
 First Baptist Church 135 
 
 First Presbyterian Church 85 
 
 Garland's Hill and Blaekwater Creek. 47 
 General view of Lynchburg. Frontispiece 
 
 Hillsnian & IMyers' Clothing Store.... 89 
 
 .Holt, John D, Residence of 131 
 
 Johnson. F D & Son's Jewelry Store. 29 
 
 Krise, P A, Residence of 
 
 Langhorne, Dr D A, Residence of... 
 
 Lee, James I's residence 
 
 " Lone Jack" Birthplace of 
 
 •■•Lone Jack" Tobacco Works 137 
 
 Lynchburg Agricultural and Mechani- 
 cal Society (grounds of) 145-117 
 
 Lynchburg, Bird's-eye view of 19 
 
 Lynchburg Female Orphan Asylum. . 105 
 
 77 
 143 
 
 o-; 
 
 Page 
 Lynchburg Furniture Company, New 
 
 Building of 117 
 
 Lynchburg Iron Co's Blast Furnace. 109 
 Lynchburg Marble and Granite Wk's, 
 
 '(J I Van Ness, Proprietor) l23 
 
 Lynchburg's First Tobacco Factory. . 49 
 
 " Lynchburg Virginian" Building of. 27 
 
 McCorkle. MrsS B. Residence of 91 
 
 Main Street, from Eleventh (N W)... 55 
 
 Main Street. View on 83 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, (Court 
 
 Street)' 43 
 
 Ninth Street and Amherst Heights... 53 
 
 Norvell-Arlington House, The 37 
 
 Old Market House, The 59 
 
 Old Quaker Meeting House, Ruins of. 15 
 
 Peoples National Bank 97 
 
 Porter's Lodge (of Lynchburg Female 
 
 Orphan Asylum). ! 103 
 
 Presbyterian Cliurch (First) 85 
 
 Rucker, S R, Residence of Ill 
 
 Schaefer, Edmund, Residence of 25 
 
 Silverthorn. H's Jewelry Store 119 
 
 Sixth St Bridge and Union Depot 9 
 
 St. Paul's (Prot. Epis.) Church 71 
 
 Thompson, J L's Furniture Store.... 99 
 
 Tobacco (bagging) 128 
 
 Tobacco (granulating) 120 
 
 Tobacco (kiln-drying) 126 
 
 Tobacco (seasoning) 128 
 
 Tobacco (sorting) 125 
 
 U S Court House and Post Office 41 
 
 Van Ness, J l's Marble and Granite 
 
 Works 123 
 
 Va Nail & Iron Wk's Co, Property of. 75 
 Water Works Dam and " Lover's 
 
 Leap" 63 
 
 Williams, James T, Residence of 95 
 
 Witt & Wat kins' Hoot & Shoe House. 101 
 
 Wren, \\' H, Residence of 113 
 
 YMC A. Building of 103 
 
 ANHOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Adams, 1 H, Vice-President 02 
 
 Advance Printing and Publishing Co. 08 
 
 Almond, C H 00 
 
 Armistead & Steptoe 38 
 
 Page 
 
 Baehe, W K, General Agent 32 
 
 Blackford, Chas M, President 96 
 
 Boyd, Samuel A 128 
 
 Brown, F C 20 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 173 
 
 Pa^e 
 
 Brown, W N 94 
 
 Burkholder, R C & Son 86 
 
 Barrouglis, AH.. 90 
 
 Business College ... 38 
 
 Butler Bros 94 
 
 Button. Chas P & Joseph, Propr's.... 93 
 
 Carroll, John W 135 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad 100 
 
 Christian, Camillus, Cashier 63 
 
 Clark, James, President 70 
 
 Clark, J R Pres't. and Gen. Manager. 36 
 
 Cohn, Joseph 16 
 
 Coleman, G A & Co 86 
 
 Craddock, Thomas E 90 
 
 Dawson & Adams Box Manf'g Co... . 44 
 
 Doherty & Fortune 56 
 
 Diuguid, G A & Son 90 
 
 Dunsmore's Business College 84 
 
 Edwards, John T, Agent 116 
 
 Edwards, J W 86 
 
 Elliott & Doss 110 
 
 Excelsior Livery and Sale Stables... . 110 
 
 Faulkner & Crak^hill 33 
 
 First National Bank 30 
 
 Ford, Wm H 88 
 
 Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 
 
 FuUarton, A. Secretary ^^nd Treas'r. 108 
 
 Fuller, H W. Gen'l Pass'r Agent... . 106 
 
 Gills & Anderson 44 
 
 Goodman, R R 66 
 
 Grubb, E Burd, President 108 
 
 Hamilton Bros 38 
 
 Haythe & Sehorn 70 
 
 Hefiernan, Wm A 133 
 
 Hill, J R 60 
 
 Hillsman & Myers 88 
 
 Holt, Schaefer & Co 34 
 
 Hutter, Ed S, Manager 108 
 
 Ivey, J W, Cashier 96 
 
 Johnson, P D & Son 38 
 
 Johnson. W 84 
 
 Jones, Geo M, President 63 
 
 Jones, John W 88 
 
 Jones, T C, General Manager 74 
 
 Jones, W B&Co 108 
 
 Kinckle, F A 33 
 
 Khinier, John H 70 
 
 Lavinder. NH 60 
 
 Lee&Co 56 
 
 Lee, P A 84 
 
 Lewis, John H 60 
 
 '"Lone Jack" 135 
 
 "Lone Jack'' Cigarette Co, The 46 
 
 Lynch House 80 
 
 •'Lynchburg Advance," The 68 
 
 Lynchburg Box Co 56 
 
 Lynchburg Fertilizer Co 114 
 
 Lynchburg Furniture Co 116 
 
 Lynchburg Ice and Refrigerator Co . 76 
 
 Page 
 
 Lynchburg Iron Co's Blast Furnace 108 
 
 Lynchburg Marble and Granite Wk's. 133 
 
 Lynchburg National Bank 70 
 
 "Lynchburg News," The 48 
 
 "Lynchburg Virginian," The 2Q 
 
 McCormick Harvesting Machine Co... 83 
 
 McCorkle. Southall & Co .. . 54 
 
 McDonald. Alex., Editor and Sec'y.. 26 
 
 Mclver, DR 38 
 
 Mallan Bros 23 
 
 Mallan, John J & Bro 33 
 
 Merriam, G and C & Co, Publishers... 96 
 
 National Exchange Bank 63 
 
 Newport News & Mississipi)i Val'y Co. 106 
 
 Norvell-Arlington House, The 36 
 
 Nowlin, S W& Co 70 
 
 Otey, Peter J, Cashier 70 
 
 Otey, Peter J, Treasurer 76 
 
 Payne, John M 86 
 
 Peoples National Bank 96 
 
 Pettyjohn & Marshall, Proprietors... 80 
 
 Plecker, A H 98 
 
 Pollock, Edward, Publisher 96 
 
 Robinson, Tate & Co 60 
 
 Ross. BE 73 
 
 Rucker& Barnett 110 
 
 Schaefer, E, President 46.74 76 
 
 Seay, W M 84 
 
 Shaner, Jacob 98 
 
 Shaner, J Phil 86 
 
 Shaner, Louis P 38 
 
 Silverthorn, H 118 
 
 Slaughter, John F, President 30 
 
 Southern Jewelry House 38 
 
 Strother, W A & Son 44 
 
 Suter, John D & Co 34 
 
 Talley, Allen W, Cashier 30 
 
 Terry, R is. Proprietor 36 
 
 Thompson, J L. 98 
 
 Thurman, R W 63 
 
 Timberlake. Jackson & Co 84 
 
 " Virginian" Job Printing House 93 
 
 Va Nail and Iron Works Company... 74 
 
 Van Ness, J 1 133 
 
 Waddill, A, Publisher 48 
 
 Watts, JD 43 
 
 Webster's Unabridged Dictionary... 96 
 
 Williams, James T, Son & Co 94 
 
 Williams, J P, Sec'y and Treasurer. . 74 
 
 Williams, Th. N 90 
 
 Wilson, W V, Jr 38 
 
 Winfree, Adams & Loyd 78 
 
 Wingfield, Samuel G 90 
 
 Winston, J H C, Son & McGehee 20 
 
 Witt& Watkins 83 
 
 Wrieht & Craighill 114 
 
 Wright, R H, Manager 46 
 
 Wysor, W W, Associate Editor 36 
 
 Yancey, Robert D 84 
 
174 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 ANNCUNCEMENTS-CLASSIFIED. 
 
 Page 
 Agricultural Implements, &c. 
 
 Ford, Win H 88 
 
 McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.. 32 
 
 Architects. 
 
 Burkholder, R C & Son 86 
 
 Attorneys-at-Law. 
 
 Burroughs, A H 90 
 
 Haythe & Sehorn 70 
 
 Lewis, John H 60 
 
 Payne, John M 86 
 
 Wingfield, Samuel G 90 
 
 Williams, Th. N 90 
 
 Wilson, W V, Jr 38 
 
 Yancey, Robert D 84 
 
 Axle Grease. 
 
 Brown, F C 30 
 
 Bacon and Btilh Meats. 
 
 Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 70 
 
 Baled Forage. 
 
 Kinnier, John 11 70 
 
 Lee & Co 56 
 
 MallanBros 22 
 
 Banjo and Violin Strings. 
 
 Jones, W B & Co 108 
 
 Banlis, 
 
 First National Bank 3o 
 
 Lynciiburg National Hank 7o 
 
 National Exchange Bank 63 
 
 Peoples National Bank 90 
 
 Blast -Furnace. 
 
 Ijynchburg Iron Co, The 108 
 
 Booksellers and Stationers. 
 
 Suter, John D & Co 24 
 
 Boots and Shoes — Wholesale. 
 
 Witt & Watkins 82 
 
 Boots, Shoes, &c. 
 
 Coleman, G A & Co 86 
 
 Gills & Anderson 44 
 
 Kinckle, FA 32 
 
 Brokers — Leaf Tohacco. 
 
 Edwards, John T, Agent 116 
 
 Builders" Materials. 
 
 Ro.ss, E E 72 
 
 Business Colleges. 
 
 Dunsmore's Business College 84 
 
 Melver, DR 38 
 
 Butchers. 
 
 Page 
 
 . 98 
 . 86 
 . 38 
 
 Shaner, Jacob 
 
 Shaner, J Phil 
 
 Shaner, Louis P 
 
 Canned Goods 
 
 Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 
 
 Carpenters, Builders, &c. 
 
 Hamilton Bros 38 
 
 Ross. E E 73 
 
 Seay, W M 84 
 
 Cattle Brokers. 
 
 Shaner. Jacob 98 
 
 Shaner, J Pliil 86 
 
 Shaner, Louis P 38 
 
 Cement, 1/ime, Plaster, die. 
 
 Mallan Bros 23 
 
 Cigarette Manufacturers. 
 
 " Lone Jack" Cigarette Co, The 46 
 
 Cigars, Tobacco, &c. 
 
 Johnson. W 0...; 84 
 
 Lavinder, N H 60 
 
 McCorkle, Southall & Co 54 
 
 Clothing. 
 
 Cohn, Joseph 16 
 
 Hillsman & Myers 88 
 
 Coal and Wood. 
 
 Kinnier, John H 70 
 
 Mallan Bros 33 
 
 Coffees, Teas, Sugars, &c. 
 
 Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 
 
 Johnson, WO 84 
 
 McCorkle, Southall & Co 54 
 
 Commission Merchants — General 
 
 Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 
 
 Lee &Co 56 
 
 Nowlin, S W & Co 70 
 
 Robinson, Tate & Co 60 
 
 Williams. James T, Sons & Co 94 
 
 Commission Merchants — Leaf Tobacco. 
 
 Rucker & Barnett,. 110 
 
 Confectioneries and Fancy Groceries — 
 Wholesale. 
 
 Brown. W N 94 
 
 Confectioneries and Fruits. 
 
 Boyd, Samuel A 138 
 
 Johnson, W 84 
 
 Lavinder, N H 60 
 
 McCorkle, Southall &Co 54 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Confrnrfors ami Buihhra. 
 
 Ilainilton Bros '^S 
 
 Ford. Win 11 88 
 
 Uoss, E I-: 72 
 
 Stay, W M 84 
 
 Cntltrtj. 
 
 Watts,JD 42 
 
 Den lists. 
 
 Cniddock. Thomas E 90 
 
 Hill, J R <iO 
 
 Lee, P A...... 84 
 
 Designing and Engraving. 
 
 Johnson, F D & Son 28 
 
 Silverthoni. II 118 
 
 Suter, John D & Co 84 
 
 Watts, J D 42 
 
 Dictionary. 
 
 Webster's Unubridtred 9<> 
 
 Drngs, Metlicines, t£-c. 
 
 Faulkner & Crai-hill 22 
 
 Strother. W A & Son 44 
 
 Dry (roods and Notions. 
 
 Mallan. John J & Bro 22 
 
 Electric Bdls and Macliinery. 
 
 Thunmui. K W 02 
 
 Fancy Art teles. 
 
 Johnson, F D & Son 28 
 
 Silverthorn. II 118 
 
 Watts, J D 42 
 
 Fertilizer di Insecticide, Manufrs of 
 
 Lynehluirir Fertilizer Co 114 
 
 W'right & Craighill 114 
 
 Flour, d-c. 
 
 Lee&fo m 
 
 MeCorkle, Southall & Co .■i4 
 
 Nowlin, S W & Co.. 70 
 
 Fruits and Confectionery. 
 
 Bo vd. Samuel A 128 
 
 Johnson, WO 84 
 
 Lavinder, N H (30 
 
 MeCorkle, Soutliall & Co 54 
 
 Furn ish ing (roods — Gentlemen s. 
 
 Cohn. Joseph 16 
 
 Hillsman & Myers 88 
 
 Furniture. &c. 
 
 Lynchburg Furniture Co, The 110 
 
 Thompson. J L 98 
 
 Winston, J II C, Son & McGehee 20 
 
 Groceries — Wholesale. 
 
 Franklin. Jacob U & Sons 76 
 
 Lee & Co 56 
 
 Nowlin. S W & Co 70 
 
 Robinson, Tate & Co . 60 
 
 Williams. James T, Son & Co 94 
 
 Groceries, d-c. 
 
 Johnson. WO 84 
 
 Lavinder, N H 60 
 
 MeCorkle. Southall & Co 54 
 
 MaJlan, John J & Bro 2.8 
 
 1/5 
 
 Paoe 
 
 /fats and Gaps — Wholesale. 
 
 Almond, C 11 00 
 
 Hats, Caps. d-c. 
 
 Cohn, Joseph 16 
 
 Coleman, (r A & Co «y(j 
 
 Gills & Anderson 44 
 
 Kinckle, FA 32 
 
 /fay. Mill Feed, d-c. 
 
 Kinnier, John il 70 
 
 Lee & Co 50 
 
 Mallan Bros 22 
 
 Jforses and Mules — Dealers in 
 
 Elliott & Doss.,.. 110 
 
 Jones, John W 88 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 Lynch House SO 
 
 Norvell-.Vrlington House ;50 
 
 Ice. d-c. 
 
 Kinnier, John H 70 
 
 Lynchburg Ice & RetrigeratorCo, The 76 
 Ice Cream Saloon. 
 
 Boyd, Samuel A 128 
 
 Intelligence Office. 
 
 Armistead & Step'toe .t 38 
 
 //•(;/( . Manufacturers of Pig 
 
 Lynchburg Iron Co, The 108 
 
 Iron Works. 
 
 Va Nail and Iron Works Co, The 74 
 
 Lynchburglron Co, The 108 
 
 Jewelry. Watches, (Jlocks, &c. 
 
 Johnson. KD & Son 28 
 
 Silverthorn, H 118 
 
 Watts. J I) 42 
 
 Leaf Tobacco Commission Merchants. 
 
 Rucker & Barnett 110 
 
 Liniment, dc. 
 
 Faulkner & Craighill 23 
 
 Nowlin. S W & Co 70 
 
 Strother, W A & Son 44 
 
 Liven/ and Sale Stables. 
 
 Elliott & Uoss 110 
 
 Jones, John W. 88 
 
 "Lone Jack,'' Manufacturer of 
 
 Carroll, John W 125 
 
 Marble and Granite Works. 
 Lvnchburg Marble & Granite Works. 123 
 
 Van Ness, J 1 123 
 
 Mattresses, &c. 
 
 Lynchburg Furniture Co, The I16 
 
 Thomi)son, J L 98 
 
 Winston, J II C, Son & ^McGehee 30 
 
 3Iills — Planing. 
 
 Goodman, R R ()Q 
 
 Mineral Spri7ig Water. 
 
 Nowlin, S W & Co 70 
 
 Monuments and Ilea/lstones. 
 Lynchburg Marble & Granite Works. 133 
 Van Ness, J 1 12i» 
 
'76 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Tape 
 Mt(sic(tl Iiisfrt/t/ietifs. 
 .lones, AV 15 i^ ('<• lOK 
 
 Va Nail and Iniii Works Co, The.... 74 
 
 " Lynchltur^ Advance"' Tlie 08 
 
 " Lynehhury New>" Tlie 48 
 
 "Lynclil)!!!-!: Virginian" The '20 
 
 Oi/s, Turpentine, d-c. 
 
 Brown. FC 20 
 
 Franklin, Jacob II & Sons 7(i 
 
 Optical Goods. 
 
 Johnson, F D i>: Son 28 
 
 Silverthoni, H 118 
 
 Watts. J 1) 42 
 
 Pit i lifers. House, Sig)i and Carriage. 
 
 Butler Broi? 94 
 
 P/iufograp/ier.s. 
 
 Edwards. J \V 8C, 
 
 Flecker, A H 98 
 
 I'/oirs and Ca.'<tin(js. 
 
 Ford. Wm 11 8S 
 
 Nowlin, S W ^ Co 70 
 
 Foinhr and Dynamite. 
 
 Nowlin. S W ^ Co 70 
 
 I'rintiin/. Book and Job. 
 
 Virf,'inian Jol> I'rintinji House 92 
 
 Button, Chas F c\; Joseph 92 
 
 Pro} I r ie lary Med icines. 
 
 Faulkner & Crai,u:hill 22 
 
 Strother. W A <k Son 44 
 
 Pnblisliers. 
 
 llerriam. G &. V ic Co 90 
 
 Pollock, Edward 90 
 
 P(( i/road Conipa n its . 
 Newport News and Mississippi Valley 
 
 Co .....". lUO 
 
 Chesapeake ^ Ohio 100 
 
 Virginia Midland ... 132 
 
 Norfolk &; Western 18:; 
 
 Richmond & Alle<,'hany jy:J 
 
 Peal Estate Agents. 
 
 Arniistead ^: Steptoe 3S 
 
 Peajiers, J/ower.v, dec. 
 
 McCormick Harvestini; Machine Co.. 32 
 
 lioojing — Tin and Slate. 
 
 Doherty & Fortune 50 
 
 Rubber Stamp Ilunufucturer. 
 
 Thunnan. K \V (;2 
 
 Sa.sli, Doors. Blinds, d-c. 
 
 Goodman, UK... (\(\ 
 
 Hefrernan, Wm A l'^-^ 
 
 Ross. EE.. .'; 70 
 
 Scroll-sauing. Turning, d-c. 
 
 Goodman, R R 
 
 Ross, E E .'. 
 
 Sexcing Machines and StipiAies. 
 Watts J D 42 
 
 00 
 
 Page 
 
 Silver and Plated W art. 
 
 Johnson, F D k .Son 28 
 
 Silverthorn. H 118 
 
 Watts, J 1) 42] 
 
 Affair ways and JVeivel Posts. 
 
 Heffernan, Wm A 122 
 
 Ros.s, EE 72 
 
 Stencil Cutter. 
 
 Thurman. RW 62 
 
 Stores and Tinware. 
 
 Doherty & Fortune 56 
 
 Steamship Dine. 
 
 Ducal Line J06 
 
 7\i ilors — Merck ant. 
 
 Cohn, Josei^h 16 
 
 Hillsman & Myer< 88 
 
 Terra Cotta Piping. 
 
 Ford. W^m II 88] 
 
 Tobacco Brokers — Leaf. 
 
 Edwards. John T, Atrent 116 
 
 Tobacco Ho.res. Cigar Cases, di-c. 
 Diwson & Adams Box Mannfj: Co... 44 
 
 Gixxlman RR 62 
 
 LynchliuriT Box Co 5G 
 
 Tobacco Dealers — Deaf. 
 
 Holt. Schaelcr & Co ." 24 J 
 
 Tobacco Extract. 
 
 Holt. Schaefer k Co 24 
 
 Tobacco ILigslinids. Tierces, dire. 
 
 Goodman. R R... 66 
 
 Tobacco. Manufactnred, Jobbers of 
 
 Nov.lin. S W' & Co'. ' 60 
 
 WilJiaujs. James T. S<m & Co 94 
 
 Tobacco Mannfartirrers — Plug and Twist. 
 
 Timlierlake. Jack-^on ^: Co 84 
 
 Winlree. Adams .S: Lo.vd 78 
 
 Tobacra Man nfacturers — Smoking. 
 
 Carroll, John W 125 
 
 Winfree. Adams &Loyd 78 
 
 Totincco Shapes and Factory Fixtures. 
 Daw.^on ^ Adams Box Manufjj Co... 44 
 
 Lynchburg- Box Co 56 
 
 Trunks. Valises, dr. 
 
 Coleman. G A & Co 86 
 
 Gills & Anderson 44 
 
 Undertakers. 
 
 DiuL-nid. GA& .Son ... 90 | 
 
 Waqons and Bngqies — Munnfr of 
 
 Ford. Wm H \ " 88 
 
 M'atches. Clocks. Jewelry, di'C. 
 
 Johnson. F I) & Son 28 i 
 
 Silverthorn. H 1^8 
 
 Watts, J D 42 
 
 Wines, Diquors. dec. 
 
 Mallan, John J & Bro 22 
 
 Wood and Coal. ^ 
 
 Kinnier. John H "^^ ! 
 
 Mallan Bros 23 
 
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