\ 5v I • ^^^,^^ .I^^fA", \/ ;^'v %/ :^^'« ^^ iO *°-^t. -.^ s • • >. ^:i. .^'•\ .S .V '^0' 4^ V \ No. 282 HI Prlpe 10 cents Si ATHLETIC LIBRARY .#»Ki:r"x Official 1' ATING^ m f ^ff^i >. ^^ American Sports Publishing Co/ifti u^^,,v<^^^^^^^^ 21 Warren S treet. New YorK ,|i''m.,,, -(,,,,,,,, 'b THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK IS THE FOUNDATION OF THE SPALDING BUSINESS Spalding's Athletic Library Anticipating the present ten- dency of the American people toward a healthful method of living and enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic Library was established in 1892 for the purpose of encouraging ath- letics in every form, not only by publishing the official rules and records pertaining to the various pastimes, but also by instructing, vmtil to-day Spalding's Athletic Library is unique in its own par- ticular field and has been conceded the greatest educational series on athletic and physical training sub- jects that has ever been compiled. The publication of a distinct series of books devoted to athletic sports and pastimes and designed to occupy the premier place in America in its class was an early idea of Mr. A. G. Spalding, who was one of the first in America to publish a handbook devoted to athletic sports, Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide being the initial number, which was followed at intervals with other handbooks on the sports prominent in the '70s. Spalding's Athletic Library has had the advice and counsel of Mr. A. G. Spalding in all of its undertakings, and particularly in all books devoted to the national game. This applies especially to Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide and Spalding's Official Base Ball Record, both of which receive the personal attention of Mr. A. G. Spalding, owing to his early connection with the game as the leadiner pitcher of the champion Boston and Chicago teams of 1872-76. His interest does not stop, however, with matters pertaining to base ball; there is not a sport that Mr. Spalding does not make it his business to become familiar with, and that the Library will always maintain Its premier place, with Mr. Spalding's able counsel at hand, goes without saying. The entire series since the issue of the first number has been under the direct personal supervision of Mr. James E. Sullivan, President of the American Sports Publishing Company, and the total series of consecutive numbers reach an aggregate of considerably over three hundred, included in which are many "annuals," that really constitute the history of their particular sport in America year by year, back copies of which are even now eagerly sought for, constituting as they do the really first authentic records of events and official rules that have ever been consecutively compiled. . When Spalding's Athletic Library was founded, seventeen years ago, track and field athletics were practically unknown outside the larger colleges and a few athletic clubs in the leading cities, which gave occa- sional meets, when an entry list of 250 competitors was a subject of com- ment; golf was known only by a comparatively few persons; lawn tennis had some vogue and base ball was practically the only established field G. Spalding EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY sport, and that in a professional way; basket ball had just been invented; athletics for the schoolboy — and schoolgirl— were almost unknown, and an advocate of class contests in athletics in the schools could not get a hearing. To-day we find the greatest body of athletes in the world is the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, which has had an entry list at its annual games of over two thousand, and in whose "elementary series" in base ball last year 106 schools competed for the trophy emblematic of the championship. While Spalding's Athletic Library cannot claim that the rapid growth of athletics in this country is due to it solely, the fact cannot be denied that the books have had a great deal to do with its encouragement, by printing the official rules and instructions for playing the various games at a nominal price, within the reach of everyone, with the sole object that its series might be complete and the one place where a person could look with absolute certainty for the particular book in which he might be interested. In selecting the editors and writers for the various books, the lead- ing authority in his particular line has been obtained, with the result that no collection of books on athletic subjects can compare with Spalding's Athletic Library for the prominence of the various authors and their ability to present their subjects in a thorough and practical manner. A short sketch of a few of those who have edited some of the lead- ing numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library is given herewith : JAMES E. SULLIVAN President American Sports Publishing Com- pany; entered the publishing house of Frank Leslie in 1878, and has been connected continu- ously with the publishing business since then and also as athletic editor of various New- York papers; was a competing athlete; one of the organizers of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States; has been actively on its board of governors since its organization until the present time, and President for two suc- cessive terms; has attended every champion- ship meeting in America since 1879 and has officiated in some capacity in connection with American amateur championships track and field games for nearly twenty-five years; assistant American director Olympic Games, Paris, 1900; director Pan-American Exposition athletic department, 1901; chief department physical culture Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904; secretary American Committee Olympic Games, at Athens, 1906; honorary director of Athletics at Jamestown Exposition, 1907; secre- tary American Committee Olympic Games, at London, 1908; member of the Pastime A. C, New York; honorary member Missouri A. C, St. Louis; honorary member Olympic A. C, San Francisco; ex-president Pastime A. C, New Jersey A. C, Knickerbocker A. C; president Metropolitan Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president Outdoor Recrea- tion League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the Public Schools Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of its games commit- tee and member executive committee; was a pioneer in playground work and one of the organizers of the Outdoor Recreation League of New York ; appointed by President Roosevelt as special commissioner to the Olympic Games at Athens, 1906. and decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes (Greece) for his services in connection with the Olympic Games; ap- pointed special commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic Games at London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as member pf th§ Board of Education of Greater New York. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY WALTER CAMP For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp of Yale has occupied a leading position in col- lege athletics. It is immaterial what organiza- tion is suggested for college athletics, or for the betterment of conditions, insofar as college athletics is concerned, Mr. Camp has always played an important part in its conferences, and the great interest in and high plane of college sport to-day, are undoubtedly due more to Mr. Camp than to any other individual. Mr. Camp has probably written more on college athletics than any other writer and the leading papers and maga- zines of America are always anxious to secure his expert opinion on foot ball, track and field athletics, base ball and rowing. Mr. Camp has grown up with Yale athletics and is a part of Yale's remarkable athletic system. While he has been designated as the "Father of Foot Ball," it is a well known fact that during his college career Mr. Camp was regarded as one of the best players that ever represented Yale on the base ball field, so when we hear of Walter Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remem- ber his remarkable knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a great admirer. Mr. Camp has edited Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide since it was first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college life better qualified to write for Spalding's Athletic Library than Mr. Camp. DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK The leading exponent of physical training in America; one who has worked hard to im- press the value of physical training in the schools; when physical training was combined with education at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 Dr. Gulick played an important part in that congress; he received several awards for his good work and had many honors conferred upon him; he is the author of a great many books on the subject; it was Dr. Gulick, who, acting on the suggestion of James E. Sullivan, organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, and was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years Director of Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New York, resigning the position to assume the Presidency of the Playground Association of America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all subjects pertaining to phys- ical training and the study of the child. JOHN B. FOSTER Successor to the late Henry Chadwick ("Father of Base Ball") as editor of Spald- ing's Official Base Ball Guide; sporting editor of the New York Evening Telegram; has been in the newspaper business for many years and is recognized throughout America as a leading writer on the national game; a staunch supporter of organized base ball, his pan has always been used for the better- ment of the game. EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY TIM MURNANE Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and President of the New England League of Base Ball Clubs; one of the best known base ball men of the country; known from coast to coast; is a keen follower of the game and prominent in all its councils; nearly half a century ago was one of America's foremost players: knows the game thoroughly and writes from the point of view both of player and an official. HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL Sporting editor of the New York Times; graduate of the University of Pennsylvania; editor of Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual; is an authority on the game; follows the movements of the players minutely and understands not only tennis but all other sub- jects that can be classed as athletics; no one is better qualified to edit this book than Mr. Burchell. GEORGE T. HEPBRON Former Young Men's Christian Association director; for many years an official of the Athletic League of Young Men's Christian Associations of North America ; was con- nected with Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young Men's Christian Association work for over twelve years; became identified with basket ball when it was in its infancy and has fol- lowed it since, being recognized as the lead- ing exponent of the official rules; succeeded Dr. Gulick as editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to Play Basket Ball. w^ JAMES S. MITCHEL Former champion weight thrower; holder of numerous records, and is the winner of more championships thasi any other individual in the history of sport ; Mr, Mitchel is a close student of athletics and well qualified to write upon any topic connected with athletic sport ; has been for years on the staff of the New York Sun. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY MICHAEL C MURPHY The world's most famous athletic trainer; the champion athletes that he has developed for track and field sports, foot ball and base ball fields, would run into thousands: he became famous when at Yale University and has been particularly successful in developing: what mig-ht be termed championship teams: his rare good iudgment has placed him in an enviable position in the athletic world; now with the University of Pennsylvania : dur- ing his career has trained only at two col- leges and one athletic club. Yale and the University of Pennsylvania and Detroit Athletic Club; his most recent triumph was that of training the famous American team of athletes that swept the field at the Olympic Games of 1908 at London. DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical training in the schools of Greater New York : as secretary of the Public Schools Athletic League is at the head of the most remarkable organization of its kind in the world; is a practical athlete and gymnast himself, and has been for years connected with the physi- cal training system in the schools of Greater New York, having had charge of the Higrh School of Commerce. DR. GEORGE J. FISHER Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work for many years as physical director at Cincin- nati and Brooklyn, where he made such a high reputation as organizer that he was chosen to succeed Dr. Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s of North America, when the latter resigned to take charge of the physical training in the Public Schools of Greater New York. DR. GEORGE ORTON On athletics, college athletics, particularly track and field, foot ball, soccer foot ball, and training of the youth, it would be hard to find one better qualified than Dr. Orton; has had the necessary athletic experience and the ability to impart that experience intelligently to the youth of the land; for years was the American, British and Canadian champion runner. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY FREDERICK R. TOOMBS A well known authority on skating, rowing, boxing, racquets, and other athletic sports; was sporting editor of American Press Asso- ciation, New York; dramatic editor; is a law- yer and has served several terms as a member of Assembly of the Legislature of the State of New York; has written several novels and historical works. R. L. WELCH A resident of Chicago; the popularity off Indoor base ball is chiefly due to his efforts; a player himself of no mean ability; a first- class organizer; he has followed the game of indoor base ball from its inception. DR. HENRY S. ANDERSON Has been connected with Yale University for years and is a recognized authority on gymnastics; is admitted to be one of the lead- ing authorities in America on gymnastic sub- jects; is the author of many books on physical training. CHARLES M. DANIELS Just the man to write an authoritative book on swimming; the fastest swimmer the world has ever known; member New York Athletic Club swimming team and an Olym- pic champion at Athens in 1906 and London, 1908. In his book on Swimming, Champion Daniels describes just the methods one must use to become an expert swinuner. GUSTAVE BOJUS Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to write intelligently on all subjects pertaining to gymnastics and athletics; in his day one of America's most famous amateur athletes; has competed successfully in gymnastics and many other sports for the New York Turn Verein; for twenty years he has been prom- inent in teaching gymnastics and athletics; was responsible for the famous grymnastic championship teams of Cohimbia University; now with the Jersey City fcdgh schools. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY CHARLES JACOBUS Admitted to be the "Father of Roque;" one of America's most expert players, win- ning' the Olympic Championship at St. Louis in 1904; an ardent supporter of the game and follows it minutely, and much of the success of roque is due to his untiring efforts; certainly there is no one better qualified to write on this subject than Mr. Jacobus. DR. E. B. WARMAN Well known as a physical training expert; was probably one of the first to enter the field and is the author of many books on the sub- ject; lectures extensively each year all over the country. W. J. CROMIE Now with the University of Pennsylvania; was formerly a Y. M. C. A. physical director; a keen student of all gymnastic matters; the author of many books on subjects pertaining to physical training. G. M. MARTIN By profession a physical director of the Young Men's Christian Association; a close student of all things gymnastic, and games for the classes in the gymnasium or clubs. PROF. SENAG A leader in the fencing world; has main- tained a fencing school in New York for years and developed a great many cham- pions : understands the science of fencing thoroughly and the benefits to be derived therefrom. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Q= Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now ^ — J in print, grouped for ready reference ( ^ -^J SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS No. I Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide No. lA Spalding's Official Base Ball Record No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide No. 2A Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide No. 7A Spalding's OfTlcial Women's Basket Ball Guide No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide No. lO Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac No. I2A Spalding's OfTicial Athletic Rules (iroap I. Base Ball No.l Spalding' sOffieial BaseBall Guide No. lA Official Base Ball Record. How to Play Base Ball. How to Bat. How to Run Bases. How to Pitch. How to Catch. How to Play First Base. How to Play Second Base. How to Play Third Base. How to Play Shortstop. How to Play the Outfield. How to Organize a Base Ball League. [Club. How to Organize a Base Ball How to Manage a Base Ball Club. How toTrain a BaseBallTeam How to Captain a Base Ball How to Umpire a Game. [ Team Technical Base Ball Terms. Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES No. 336 Minor League Base Ball Guide No. 338 Official Book National League of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. No. 340 Official Handbook National Playground Ball Assn. Group II. Foot Ball No.2 Spalding'sOfficialFootBall Guide No. 334 Code of the Foot Ball Rules. How to Play Foot Ball. Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide. How to Play Soccer. English Rugby. No. 202 No. 223 No. 232 No. 230 No. 229 No. 225 No. 226 No. 227 No. 228 No. 224 No. 231. No. 219 No. 324 No. 2a No. 286 No. 335 FOOT BALL AUXILIARY No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian Group III. ^°^* ^^" ^"^^^- crlcKcf No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. Group IV. Lawn Tennis No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- nis Annual. No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn Group Y. '^^'^'^^^ Golf No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide No. 276 How to Play Golf . Group VI. Hockey No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide. No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. No. 154 Field Hockey. (Lawn Hockey. No. 188 < Parlor Hockey. (Garden Hockey. No. 180 Ring Hockey. HOCKEY AUXILIARY No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario Hockey Association. Group VII. Basket Ball No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide. No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide. No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group VIII. Lacrosse No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide. No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. Group rx. Indoor Base Ball No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide. Croop X. Polo No. 10 SpaJding's Official Roller Polo Guide. No. 129 Water Polo. No. 199 Equestrian Polo. Group XI. Miscellaneous Games No. 248 Archery. No. 138 Croquet. No. 271 Roque. (Racquets. No. 194 s Squash-Racquets. (Court Tennis. No. 13 Hand Ball. No. 167 Quoits. No. 170 Push Ball. No. 14 Curling. No. 207 Lawn Bowls. No. 188 Lawn Games. No. 189 Children's Games. No. 341 How to Bowl. Group XII. Athielics No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac. No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic Rales- No. 27 College Athletics, No. 182 All Around Athletics. No. 156 Athletes' Guide. No. 87 Athletic Primer. No. 273 Olympic GamesatAthens.1906 No. 252 How to Sprint. No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. No. 174 Distance and Cross Country Running. [Thrower. No. 259 How to Become a Weight No. 55 Official Sporting Rules, [boys. No. 246 Athletic Training for School- No. 317 Marathon Running. No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES No. 339 Intercollegiate Official Hand- book. No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. No. 313 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. No. 314 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook — Girls' Branch. No. 308 Official Handbook New York Interscholastic Athletic Association. Group XIII. Athletic Accomplishments No, 177 How to Swim. No. 296 Speed Swimming. No. 128 How to Row. No. 209 How to Become a Skater. No. 178 How to Train for Bicyclingr. No. 23 Canoeing. No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. Group XIV. Manly sports No. 18 Fencing. (ByBreck.) No. 162 Boxing. No. 165 Fencing. (BySenac.) No. 140 Wrestling. No. 236 How to Wrestle. No. 102 Ground Tumbling. No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs. No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. No. 326 Professional Wrestling, Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gym- nastic Games. No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- ing Drills. [Apparatus. No. 327 Pyramid Building Without No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars. No, 329 Pyramid Building with Wands, Chairs and Ladders GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY No, 333 Official Handbook I. C. A, A, Gymnasts of America, Group XVI. Physical culture No, 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men, [giene. No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- No. 149 Scientific Physical Training and Care of the Body. No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. No. 185 Hints on Health. No. 213 285 Health Answers. No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning. No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. No, 285 Health by Muscular Gym- No, 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well, [nasties. No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. No. 330 Physical Training for the School and Class Room. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS SPALDING ATHLEriC LIBRARY Group I. Base Ball tlo. 1— Spal«1ine*« Official Base Ball Guide. j itj— — ^i i The leadinsr Base Ball I »^VC| annual of the country, and I B^SjV ? t h e official authority of I ISlbTiMl ^^^ eame. Contains the I i^'^^rj' official playing rules, with lutnm^ an explanatory index of the I KjsKg*^ rules compiled by Mr. A. G. ll fTwr''^'"!! Spalding: pictures of all ~ the teams in the National, American and minor leagrues ; re- views of the season; college Base Ball, and a great deal of interesting in- formation. Price 10 cents. No. 202— How to I'lar Baae Ball. Edited by Tim Mumane. New and revised edition. Illustrated with pic- tures showing how all the various curves and drops are thrown and por- traits of leading players. Price 10 cents. No. 223— HovT to But. There is no better way of becoming a proticient batter than by reading this book and practising the directions. Numerousillustrations. Price 10 cents. to Unn the This book gives clear and concise directions for excelling as a base run- ner; tells when to run end when not to do so; how and when to slide: team work on the bases: in fact, every point of the game is thoroughly explained. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 230— How to Pitch. Anew.up-to^atebook, Its contents •re the practical teaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and «rho know how to impart a knowledge of their art. All the big leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 cents. tio. 229— How to Catch. Every boy who has hopes of being a clever catcher should read how well- known players cover their position. Pictures of all the noted catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents. ^•, Illustrated with pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price lOcents. No. 22G— How to Play Second Base. The ideas of the best second basemen have been incorporated in this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine points of play at this point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. No. 22T— How to Play Third Bane. Third base is, in some respects, the most important of the infield. All the points explained. Price 10 cents. No. 22S— How to Play Short- atop. Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- tions on the infield to fill, and quick thought and quick action are necessary for a player who expects to make good as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents. No. 224— How to riay the Outfleld. An invaluable guide for the out- fielder. Price 10 cents. No. 231— How to Coach; How to Captain a Team; How to Manase a Team; How to llMiplrej How to Or- iraulze U Leaene: Tech- nical Terma of Baae Ball. A.aaafulsuide. Price 10 centa. No . 219— Ready Reckoner of Baae Ball Percentaeea. To supply a demand f'lr a book which would show the percentage of clubs without recourse to theirduous work of figruring.the publisher- had these tables compiled by an expert Price 10 cents. BASE BALI, AUXILIARIES. No. lA— Spalding^'a Official Bnse Ball Record. Something new in Base Ball. Con- tains records of all kinds from the be- ginning of the Nftional League and official averages of all professional or- ganizations for past season. 10 cents. No. 310— Minor Leasne Baae Ball Guide. The minors' own gruide. Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of the New England League. Price 10 cents. No. 32U— Official Handbook of tlie Autionul Leuts'iie of Professional Base Bull Clubs. Contains the Constitution, By-Laws. Official Rules. Averages, and schedule of the National League for the current year, together with list of club officers and reports of the annual meetings of the League. Price 10 cents. No. 321— Official Handbook National Playground Bull Aaaoclntion. This game is specially adapted for playgrounds, parks, etc., is spreading rapidly. The book contains a descrip- tion of the game, rules and officers. Price 10 cents. Group n. Foot Ball No. 2— SiiuldinK'H Official Foot Ball Guide. Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new rules, with diagram of field: All- America teams as selected by the leading authorities; reviews of the game from various sections of the country: scores; pictures. Price 10 cents. No. 334— Code of the Foot Ball Rules. This book is meant for the use of Officials, to help them to refresh their memories before a game and to afford them a quick means of ascertaining a point during a game. It also gives a ready means of finding a rule in the Official Rule Book, and is of great help to a player in studying the Rules. Compiled by C.W. ShotL Harvard, 1908. Price 10 cents. No. 324— How to Play Foot Ball. Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. Everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad to learn. Snapshots of leading teams and players in action, with comments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. No. 2A— Spaldinsr'a Official Association Soccer Vooi Ball Guide. A complete and ujvto-' date guide to the ■"Soceer" game in the United States, containing instructions for playing tHfe game, official rules, and interesting news from all parts of the country. Illustrated. Price 10 ceota. No. 28C— How to Play.Soe* cer. * How each position should be played. written by the best player in England in his respective position, and illus- trated with full-page photographs of players in action. Price 10 cents. FOOT BALL. AUXILIARIES. No. 33$— Spaldine'a Official Canadian Foot Ball < Guide. The official book of the firame in Can- ada. Price 10 cents. Group m. Cricket The most complete year book of the game that haa ever been published in America. Reports of 1 special matches, official rules and pictures of all the leading teams. Price 10 cents. No. 277— Cricket; and How to Play it. By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The sramei described concisely and illustrated with i full-pape pictures posed especially for i this book. Price 10 cents. Group IV, Lawn Tennis; No. 4— Spaldtne's Official \ La'wu Tennis Annual. Contents include reports t of all important touma- - ments: official ranking i from 1885 to date; laws of i lawn tennis: instructions i for handicapping: decit i sions on doubtful points;) management of toumar ments: directory of clubszii A complete description of lawn ten-i nis; a lesson for beginners and diree-: tions telling how to make the most im»i portant strokes. Illustrated.^ Price 10 cents. " No. 270— Strokea and Science< of Laivn Tennia. By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority on the game in Great Britain. Every stroke in the game is accurately illu8-< trated and analyzed by the author. Price 10 cents. Golf Group V. No. .I- Spaldlnff's Golf Guide. Contains records of all important tournaments, articles on the game in various sections of the country, pictures of prom- inent players, official play- ing rules and general items of interest. Price 10 cents. No. 27G— How to Play Oolt, By James Braid and Harry Vardoni the world's two greatest players tell how they play the game, with numeil ous full-page pictures of them takHU op the lioks. Price 10 OWt^ — SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group VI. ^ Hockey Ko. 6«>SpaltIiii6's Official Ice Hockey Guide. The official year book of the game. Contains the official rules, pictures of leading teams and players, records, review 'of the season, reports from dif- ferent sections of the United States and Canada. Price 10 cents. No. 304— How to Ploy Ice HoeUey. Con,tains a description of the duties of each player. Illustrated, Price 10 cents. No. 154~FieId Hockey. Prominent in the sports at Vassar, Smith. Wellesley, BrynMawrand other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. No. 1«« — l,aTpn Hockey. Parlor Hockey, Garden Hockey. Containing the rules for each game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. ISO— Rins Hockey. A new game for the gymnasium. Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents. HOCKEY AUAILIARY. No. a5»>-Omcial Handbook of the Ontario Hockey Association. Contains the official rules of the Association, constitution, rules of coin- petition, list of officers, and pictures of leading players. Price 10 cents. Group Vn. Basket Ball No. 7— Spalding's Otiicial Basket Ball Guide. Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the revised official rules, de- cisions on disputed points. records of prominent teams, reports on the game from various parts of the country. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 193— How to Play Basket Ball. Uy G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide. Illustrated with scenes of action. Price 10 cents. No. 31S- Official Basket Ball Guide for Women. Edited by Miss Senda Berenson. of Smith College. Contains the official playing -rules and special articles on the game by prominent authorities. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY. tin. 323— Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. Ttbe official publication of the Colle- Siate Basket Ball Association. Con- telns the official rules, records, All- America selections, reviews, and pic- tares» Edited by H. A. Fisber, of Group VIII. Bowling Jio. S— Spalding's Official __ BoTt'Iing Guide. The contents include: I diagrams of effective de- liveries; hints to begin- ners- how to score: official rules: spares, how they are made: rules for cocked hat, quintet, cocked hat and feather, battle game, etc. Price 10 cents. Indoor Base Ball Group IX. No. O— Spalding's OHiciiil In- door Banc Ball Giii«le. America's national game ' is now vieing with other j indoor games as a winter pastime. This book con- tains the playing rules, pictures of leading teams. | and interesting articles on the game by leading au- thorities on the subject. ' Price 10 cents. Group X. No. lO— S|»alding's Official Roller I>olo Guide. Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game: official rules, re- cords: pictures of promi- nent players.Price IC cents No. 120— Water Polo. The contents of this book treat of every detail, the individual work of the players, the practice of the team, how to throw the ball, with illustrations and many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. No. lyo— Eqncstrian Pulo. Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the New York Sun. Illustrated with por- traits of leading players, and contains most useful information for polo play- ers. Price 10 cents. _ -__ Miscellane- GroupXI. ous Games \o. 2U1— Lacrosse. Every position is thoroughly ex- plained in a most simple and concise manner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever, published. Illus- trated with numerous snapshots of im- portant plays. Price 10 cents. No. 322— Official Handbook U. S. Intcr-CoIIeglate La- crosse League. Contains the constitution, by-laws, playing rules, listof officers and records of the association. Price 10 cents. No. 271— Spalding's Official Roque Guide. The official publication of the Na- tional Roque Association of America. Contains a description of the courts and their construction, diagrams, illus- trations, rules and valuable infomia- tion. Price 10 cents. No. 138— Spalding's Offlctal Croquet Guide Contains directions for playihg, dia- grams of important strokes, description of grounds, instructions for the begin- ner, terms used in the game, and the official playlsg rvUf. Price 10 ceota. No. 248— Archery. A new and up-to-date book on this fascinating pastime. The several varieties of archery: instructions for shooting: how to select implements; how to score; and a great deal of inter, esting information. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 104— Hacqaets. Sqnaaif Racquets and Coart Ten- nis. How to play each game is thoroughly explained, and all the difficult strokes shown by special photographs taken especially for this book. Contains the official rules for each game. Price 10 cents. No, 167— Qnolta. Contains a description of the plays used by experts and the official rules. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 170— Push Ball. This book contains the official rules and a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 10 cents. By the world's champion. Michael Egan. Every play is thoroughly ex- plained by text and diagram. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 14— CurliuK. A short history of this famous Scot- tish pastime, with instructions for play, rules of the game, definitions of terms and diagrams of different shots. Price 10 cents. No. 207— Bowlinff on the Green; or, Lawn Bowls. How to construct a green; how to play the game, and the official rules of the Scottish Bowling Association. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 189— Children's Oamea. , These games are intended for use al^ recesses, and all but the team gam^' have been adapted to large classes. Suitable for children from three to eigh t years, and include a great variety. Price 10 cents. No. 1»S— Lawn Gamea. , Lavra Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand Tennis. Tether Tennis; also Volley Ball, Parlor Hockey. Badminton, Bas* ketGoaL Price 10 cents. Group xn. Athletics No. 12— Spalding's Ofllclal Athletic Almanac. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- van, Presidentof the Ama- teur Athletic Union, The only annual publication now issued that contains , a complete list of amateur | best-on-records; intercol- legiate, swimming, inter- scholastic. English, Irish, Scotch, Swedish, Continental, South African. Australasian; numerous photos of in* dividual athletes and leadinar athletip teams. Price 10 cents. No. 27— College Athleti iCage. Price 10 cents. fre.'*'2SS-How to Ran &00 Tarda. By J. W, Morton, the noted British ■ I. Many of Mr. Morton's of training are novel to I athletes, but his success is Che best tribute to their worth. Ulus* •rated. Price 10 cents. Mo. 174— niatance and Croaa* Conatry Rnnnlnsr. -iftr George Orton. the famous Uni- ^arnty of Pennsylvania runner. The ^oarter. half. mile, the longer dis- CaneeSi and cross.country running and oteepleehasing. with instructions for tniniag: pictures of leading athletes In aetlMi. witii comments by the editor. Nes 10 cents. Ka* 3B»-lVelKlit Throwlnsr. Plabably no other man in the world has had the varied and long experience •f James S. Mitchel. the author, in the vidsht throwing department of ath- tetles. The book gives valuable infor> matisa not only for the novice, but for Che expert as welL Price 10 cents. Ho. 246— Athletic Training (or Schoolboya. By Geo. W. Orton. Each event in the atereeUegiate programme is treated sepaiaUly. Price 10 cents. jS5»0ffloial Sportinff ATHLETIC AirXILIARIRS. No. 3X1— Official Handbook of the A.A.V. The A. A. U. is the governing body of athletes in the United States of America, and ail games must be held under its rules, which are exclusively published in this handbook, and a copy should be in the hands of every athlete and every club officer in America. Also includes a very interesting article on "The Growth of American Ath- letics," and a short biography of each member of the Board of Governors. Price 10 cents. ^ No. 31U— Official Intercolle- srlnte A.A.A.A. Handbook. Contains constitution, by-laws, and laws of athletics; records from 1876 to date. Price 10 cents. No. 308— Official Handbook New York InteracUoI- nNtlc Athletic Associa- tion. Contains the Association's records, constitution and by-laws and other information. Price 10 cents. Y.U.C.A. No. 302— Official Handbook. Contains the official rules governing all sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. C. A., official Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, pictures of leading Y. M. C. A athletes. Price 10 cents. No. 313— Offlclul Handbook of the Public Schools Athletic Leasiie. Edited by Dr. O. Ward Crampton, director of physical education in the Public Schools of Greater New York. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 314— Official Handbook Girls' Branch of the Public Schools Athletic Leasae. The official publication. Contains: constitution and by-laws, list of offi- cers, donors, founders, life and annual members, reports and illudlrations. Price 10 cents. No. 331— Schoolyard Atb> letlcs.. By J. E. Sullivan. President Amateur Athletic Union and member of Board of Education of Greater New York. An invaluable handbook for the teacher and the pupil. Gives a systematic plan for conducting school athletic con- tests and instructs how to prepare for the various events. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 317— Maratlion Running:. A new and up-to-date book on this popular pastime. Contains pictures of the leading Marathon runners, methods of training, and best times made in various Marathon events. Price 10 cents. Group xm. Athletic Accomplishments _. rules not found in oUier I««- 177-How to Swim, tions for the government of Will interest the expert as well as - '"- - the novice; the illustrations were made from photographs especially posed, shovring the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the series of "landdrill" ex«reiKafertb«b«gliw«r. PdealftaiBli^ rules for wrestling, snowshoeing, profes- zaeing. pigeon shooting, dog pistu and revolver shooti'ng, vattv polo mies. Bugby foot No. 128— How to Row. ^ By E. J. Giannini, of the New York Athletic Club, one of America's most famous amateur oarsmen and cham- pions. Shows how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other valu- able information. Price 10 cents. No. 2»U— Speed SwImnilnE. By Champion C. M. Daniels of the New York Athletic Club team, holder , of numerous American records, and the best swimmer in America qualified to write on the subject Any boy should be able to increase his speed in the water after reading Champion Daniels' instructions on the subject. Price 10 cents. No. 23— Canoelns. Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac- ing canoes and their uses; with hints on rig and management; the choice of a canoe: sailing canoes, racing regula- tions; canoeing and camping. Fully illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 209— HoTv to Become a Skater. Contains advice for beginners; how- to become a figure skater, showing'how to do all the different tricks of the best figure skaters. Pictures of prominent skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. No. 2812— Official Roller Skat* Ing: Guide. Directions for becoming a fancy and trick roller skater, and rules for roller skating. Pictures of prominent trick skaters in action. Price 10 cents. No. 178— How to Train for Dicycllnsr. Gives methods of the best riders when training for long or short distance races; hints on training. Revised and up-to-date in every particular. Price 10 cents. ^ --_-, t Manly Group XIV. Sports- No. l4U-'tVre8tUn8r. Catoh-as-catch-can style. Seventjr illustrations of the different holds, pho- tographed especially and so described that anybody can with little effort lean* every one. Price 10 cents. No. 18— Fencing. By Dr. Edward Breck, of Bostoi^ editor of The Swordsman, a promi^i- nent amateur fencer. A book that has stood the test of time, and is universally acknowledged to be a standard work. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 102— Bbxinsr Gnlde. Contains over 70 pagesof illustrations showing all the latest blows, posed especially for this book under the super, vision of a well-known instructor of boxing, who makes a specialty of teach- ing and knows how to impart bia knowledge. Price 10 cents. No. 165— The Art of Penolny By Regis and Louis Senac of New York, famous instructors and leaditig authorities on the subject. Gives ia detail how every move should be made. Price 10 cents. No. 236— How to Wreatle.^ The most complete and np-todat« book on wrestiing ever published. Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted principally to special poses and lllustn* , SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARV No. 102— Ground Tamblinc Any boy, by reading: this book and following the instructions, can become proficient. Price 10 cents. Ho. 2»i>— TnmbMns (or Ama* teara. Specially compiled for amateurs by Dr. James T. Gwathmey. Every variety of the pastime explained by text and pictures, over 100 diflferent positions being: shown. Price 10 cents. Mo. 191— How to Punch the Bag. The best treatise on bag punching that has ever been printed. Every va- riety of blow used in training is shown and explained, with a chapter on fancy bag punching by a well-known theatri- cal bag puncher. Price 10 cents. No. 143— Indian Clnbs and Dnmb-Bella. 'Hy America's amateur champion club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No. 200— Dnmb-Bells. The best work on dumb-bells that has ever been offered. By Prof. G. Bojus, of New York. Contains 200 photographs. Should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, and is invaluable for home exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 262— Medicine Ball Ex- erciaea. A series of plain and practical exer- cises with the medicine ball, suitable for boys and girls, business and profes- sional men, in and out of gymnasium. Price 10 cents. By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium. In conjunction with a chest machine anyone with this book can become perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. No. 233-Jta Jltan. Each move thoroughly explained and illustrated with numerous full-page pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. Koyama, two of the most famous ex- ponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents. Vo. 16G— Hovr to Swlns; In« dlan Clubs. By Prof. E. B. Warman. By follow- ing the directions carefully anyone can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No. 32G— Profeasional Wrest^ liner. A book devoted to the catch-as-catch- can style; illustrated with half-tone pictures showing the different holds used by Frank Gotch, champion catch- as-catch-can wrestler of the world. Posed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl. By Ed. W. Smith. Sporting Editor of the Chicago American. Price 10 cente. Group XV. Gymnastics II*. 104— The Gradine of Ormmaatic Exerciae*. By G. M. Martin. A book that should Miathekands of every physical direo> aolth«Y.M.C.A..8choQL ' btllk MMUcaatk No. 214— Graded Caliathen- ica and Dumb-Bell Drllla, For years it has been the custom in most gymnasiums of memorizing a set drill, which was never varied. Conse- quently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the older member. With a view to giving uni- formity the present treatise is at- tempted. Price 10 cents. No. 254— Bnrnjnm Bar Bell Drill. Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, Director Physical Training, University of Pennsylvania, Profusely illustrated Price 10 cents. No. ISS— Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games. A book that will prove valuable to in- door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be amused. Price 10 cents. ) No. 124— How to Become a Gymnast. By Robert Stoll, of the New York A. C, the American champion on the flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy can easily become proficient with a little practice. Price 10 cents. No. 287— Fancy Dnmb Beli and Marcliing: Drill.s. All concede that games and recreative exercises during the adolescent period are preferable to set drills and monoton- ous movements. These drills, while de- signed primarily for boys, can be used successfully with girls and men and women. Profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. »27— Pyramid Bnildlne 'Witliout Apiiaratns. By W. J. Cromie. Instructor of Gymnastics. University of Pennsyl- vania. With illustrations showing many different combinations. This book should be in the hands of all gym- nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents. - No. 32»— Exercises OH the Parallel Bars. By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast should procure a copy of this book. Illustrated with cuts showing many novel exercises. Price 10 cents. No. 325)— Pyramid Bnildingr with Chairs, Wands and Ladders. By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with half-tone photopraphs showing many interesting combinations. Price 10 cents. GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY. No. 333— Official Handbook Inter-Colleelate Associa- tion Amateur Gymnasts of America. Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical Director Amherst College. Contains pictures of leading teams and individual champions, official rules governing con- tests, records. Price 10 cents. Group XVI. Kre ' N.o. 101— Ten Minntea* Exev« clae (or Busy Men. By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. Direc- tor of Physical Trainmg in the New York Public Schools. tt A concise and gompteu eooTM of y^yie*! «da(»tion. No. 20H— riiysical Education and Hyelene. This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see Nos. 142, 149, 166. 185. 213, 261, 290.) Price 10 cents. No,14»— The Careotthe Body. A book that all who value health should read and follow its instructions. By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known lecturer and authority on physical cul- ture. Price 10 cents. No. 142-Pliysical Training SimpliHed. By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete, thorough and practical book where the whole man is considered— brain and body. Price 10 cents. No. IS.'— Health Hinta. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Health in- fluenced by insulation: health influ- enced by underwear; health influenced by color; exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 213—285 Health Answers. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents: ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a house; how to obtain pure air; bathing; salt water baths at home; a substitute for ice water; to cure insomnia, etc., etc. Price 10 cents. No. 238— Muscle Buildins. By Dr. L. H. Gulick, Director of Phy- sical Training in the New York Public Schools. A complete treatise on the correct method of acquiring strength. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 234— School Tactics and Mar.e Kuiiiiing'. Aseriesof drills for the use of schools. Edited by Dr. Luther- Halsey Gulick. Director of Physical Training in the New York Public Schools. Price 10 cents. No. 2U1— Tensing: Exercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten, sing" or "Resisting" system of mus- cular exercises is the most thorough, the most complete, the most satisfac- tory, and the most fascinating ot sys- tems. Price 10 cents. So. 285— Health; by Mase«« lar Gymnastics. With hints on right living. By W. J. Cromie. If one will practice the exer- cises and observe the hints therein contained, he will be amply repaid for so doing. Price 10 cents. No. 288— Indigestion Treated by Gymnastics By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there- in contained are observed and the exercises faithfully performed great relief will be experienced. Price 10 cents. No. 290— Get Well; Keep Well. By Prof. E. B. Warman. author of a number of books in the Spalding Ath- letic Library on physical training. Price 10 cents. No. 32.'>— Twenty>Miniite Ex- ercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman. with chap- ters on " How to Avoid Growing Old." and "Fasting; Its Objects and Bene- fits." Price 10 cents. No. 330— Physical Tralnlnc (or the School and Class Moom. Edited by G. R. Borden. Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A., Easton, Pa. A book that is (or practical work ia the school room. UluatntML fititt (7=^^=0 ""—^^ a Spalding's Athletic Library Group XIII. No, 282. spalding's Roller Skating Guide o 0= Edited by H. P. BURCHELL NEW YORK American Sports Publishing Company 21 warren street (>— D cr— ^ <\ Copyright, 1910 BY A. G. Spalding & Bros. ©GU268790 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. E = ^ ^ ^ Introduction • Twenty years ago roller skating was popular throughout the United States and Canada. Every town of 2,000 or more inhabi- tants had its rink, while the larger cities supported from two to six or eight. Clubs were formed and the sport bid fair to enjoy a long reign of popularity, but there was something lacking and the attendance at the rinks dropped ofif by degrees until it be- came a non-paying institution. Several efforts were made to revive the sport, but little or no success attended the efforts, and the promoters gave up the project in disgust. It was not until the spring of 1905 that the general public gave any indication that the time was ripe for a revival. Many of the * big cities in England had, in the preceding year, started a re- vival which met with generous support from the public, and America quickly followed the lead with the result that success has attended the experiment far beyond the most sanguine expec- tations of the promoters of roller skating rinks. Where one hun- dred persons attended the sessions twenty years ago, fully ten times that number can be seen on the floors of the rinks in all the big cities, while the percentage of increase is correspondingly great in the snialler towns. A number of reasons can be advanced for this remarkable condition of affairs. The wonderful increase in the population, the prosperous condition of the country, which enables the aver- age man or woman to indulge more frequently in the pursuit of refined pastimes and recreations, the superiority of the ball- bearing skate over the old one, which greatly enhances the pleas- ure of skating, making it a graceful accomplishment and enjoy- able pastime rather than a laborious effort, and what is per- haps more important than all is the fact that instead of barns and tumble-down buildings being converted into rinks, large, commodious and well-ventilated halls have been remodeled. TAKING A START FOR THE HIGH JUMP. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7 renovated and re-arranged to suit the needs, comforts and con- veniences of the patrons of roller skating. Many representatives of the most prominent families in the country now enjoy the sport, thus giving it a dignity and stand- ing that was conspicuous by it's absence in former years. It is true that they usually attend the morning sessions, but this is largely due to the many social engagements which occupy their time. With the continuation of support from the better element there is little doubt about the future status of roller skating. It is estimated that over one hundred and fifty rinks are in operation in the United States, with an average attendance of 1,000. Several of the big rinks, such as Madison Square Garden, draw on an average of 2,500 a day. One notable feature about the present revival is the number of persons who enjoy the sport without actual participation in it. With the sport kept clean and healthy the present revival should continue for many years. THE DAVIDSONS (FANNIE AND JOHN F.) EXECUTING THE HAND IN HAND, MOHAWK OR SPREAD EAGLE FIGURE. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Roller Skating as a Pastime, with Advice to Beginners and Description of Movements V o r -^ The attainment of skill and proficiency on roller skates affords as great pleasure as the acquisition of similar skill on ice. The one great charm of ice skating is its infrequency and the doubt of its lasting, causing the skaters to work hard. Roller skating can be indulged in under any and all conditions, as the sport or pastime is in no way susceptible to weather conditions. In it persistent work means improvement, and improvement in any pursuit means pleasure. It has always been supposed that prac- tice at roller skating would be of great assistance on the ice, but notwithstanding the thousands who enjoy the indoor prac- tice, there is little or no perceptible improvement in ice skating. This fact was patent at the last roller skating revival as well as in the present instance. The cause of this is not difficult to determine. Of the many thousands who use the rollers not one in twenty know how to do even an outside roll properly. As a matter of fact, figure skating is much more difficult on rollers than on the ice. It is estimated by competent experts that twenty hours' practice is requisite to give a skater on rollers the corresponding amount of skill which one hour's practice on ice would command. But when a difficult movement on rollers is mastered the satisfaction is proportionately great. Of the hundreds of thousands of people who have tried, and who will still tr}^ but few have attempted more than straightforward skating, with perhaps a feeble attempt at outside edge, and inas- much as skating round and round an enclosed rink must neces- sarily become monotonous, roller skating is voted slow and not to be compared with ice skating, but this is due to skaters them- selves and can be avoided by a determined effort to master the full details of intricate roller skating. The pleasure of roller skating only begins where these critics le.ave off. It is seldom that figure skaters on ice attempt their DOUBLE DUTCH CROSS ROLL. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. U ice movements on rollers. The skaters are disgusted that they are unable at once to do on the rollers what they have been accustomed to accomplish on ice, because they attempt figures and turns identically the same way, forgetting that with the ice blade they have a universal pivot on which they can turn, while the pivot of the roller skate is confined to one or two fixed points, the toe and the heel. Secondly, finding a greater diffi- culty than they expected, they will not take the trouble of puz- zling out for themselves the difference between the two instru- ments. The climax of pleasure derived from figure skating is reached when figures are skated in combination with others, and hitherto, this, the greatest pleasure in ice skating, has been entirely over- looked when using the rollers. With well-fitted skates and a good floor, all the club figures can be done as well as on ice. The pleasure derived from skating on rollers should be, and Is to the proficient, identical with ice; the motion is practically the same and the pace equal, or even greater, if the skates are fitted with ball bearings, and the exercise, as an exercise, especially for ladies, is unrivalled. It is graceful, health-giving and inexpensive, but hitherto there has been no standard of excellence. Combined figures have hardly ever been tried, consequently there has been none of that assiduous practice seen on the ice leading up to such excellence as will enable the skater to do his or her part in a combined figure. Stripped of all surroundings, the fascination of gliding on skates is fifty times greater than the fascination of dancing, and yet without system or combination dancing would cease to exist. The same applies to roller skating. There are many social and physical difficulties to be overcome before combined skating on rollers becomes actually popular; and to take the social difficulty as being the greater first : With the roller skating revived the mania has become so great that everything must give way to the craving to indulge in the pas- time. By many, skating is indulged in twice a day every day in the week. The usual barriers that divide people of different social position meeting together in the same place of public u SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 resort are thrown to the winds. Ladies who under ordinary circumstances would resent the proffered assistance of a stranger as an impertinence, in their desire to attain the swan-Hke move- ment, accept it with gratitude; and hence undesirable acquaint- ances are sometimes formed. There is no reason why the rink should be tabooed on this account, as it is a comparatively easy matter to adjust this feature. Certain mornings are set apart in many of the rinks for private practice. Many beginners take advantage of this opportunity to become sufficiently proficient before attempting to skate in a public rink, and thus avoid the sometimes objectionable necessity of inviting assistance by this obvious helplessness, and rink parties will thereby become more popular and healthgiving. With regard to the physical difficulties attending roller skating, there are many things which will tend to materially overcome them. The selection of skates is naturally the first thing to attend to. Skates should be chosen of a length rather shorter than the foot, as the approximation of the toe and heel wheels, by bringing the available pivots nearer together, enables turns to be made with greater facility. The wheels should run freely and true on the axles and should be carefully fitted to the hangers, so that little or no lateral play exists. The hangers should not be screwed too tight to the plates ; if they are suf- ficiently tight they will be found to aid the skater, while other- wise they will act as an impediment. The difference between skating on bad or worn-out skates and a good pair is very marked. With roller skates the charm of skating rapidly-executed move- ments cannot be compared favorably with the same movements on ice, because the balance has to be shifted, not an inch or two as on ice blades, but to one or the other of the two fixed pivots at the extremity of the skate ; but in all ordinary movements, where the charm does not consist in extreme rapidity, skating affords the same pleasure, whether on ice or rollers. The difference of friction of roller skates on a good floor and ice skates on ice is hardly perceptible, so long as curves, without FIGURE 1„ HOW TO STOP SKATING BACKWARDS. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Ifi the intervention of turns, are made with the roller skate. On a good floor roller skates fitted with ball bearings are faster than ice skates on ice. When turns are imparted, as they have to be done on a single set of rollers, great weight is placed on the axles of the wheels, and considerable friction is set up. The ease and speed with which some skaters perform curves arises from the proper adjustment of the balance, so as to cause the weight of the body to be equally divided between the front and rear wheels. The smallest inclination of the footstock to the right or left causes the axles of the wheels to converge, so as to run the skate in a curve to the right or left. A slight inclination to the right when poised on the right foot, or to the left when poised on the left foot (and this inclination can be obtained by bring- ing forward the left shoulder, when on the right foot, and vice versa), and the skater is at once placed on what corresponds to the outside edge in ice skating. This is therefore much easier to attain on roller than on ice skates, as instead of having, as on ice, to lean over to "catch" the edge, the skater, who is in fact balanced on a greased wire, can by the slightest inclination to the right or left produce the portion of a large circle, and by a greater inclination the portion of a smaller circle either to right or left. To attain the "swan-like" motion it Is necessary that the curves should be a true curve from start to finish — the true seg- ment of a circle, whether large or small; and this can only be attained by placing the foot which Is about to describe a curve parallel with the foot that has just finished a curve; for instance, the left foot at the end of a curve made by the right must be placed parallel to it, and vice versa, and so allowing the body gradually to take the inclination, and the skate the consequent curve in the opposite direction. Ninety-nine skaters out of a hundred after making a curve to the right with the right foot throw the balance abruptly onto the left, which Is usually placed at right angles to the right, and this has the effect of entirely destroying the grace and swing which should be characteristic of the outside edge. FIGURE 2. DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 Ladies especially, urless properly taught, almost invariably adopt the wrong method, which, when once acquired, is most difficult to eradicate. The best way to correct the fault is to take the pupil's hands sideways and start going from south towards the north on a curve with the right foot; at the end of a curve consisting of a half-circle the skater's foot will be pointing in a northeasterly direction ; the toe of the left foot should be turned in sufficiently to enable it to be placed parallel to the right, and the new curve on the left continued in a northeasterly direction, gradually coming round to north, and finishing the half-circle with the toe pointing northwest. Two circles complete should be marked on the floor and the pupil set to follow the curves. To make the circles opposite each other it will be necessary to place the feet parallel when striking from one foot to the other ; and this is most excellent practice, but it cannot be easily sus- tained on rollers, unless the body is so poised as to distribute its weight equally on both the toe and the heel set of wheels. When the outside edge is properly skated with true half-circles, the knee braced up, and the body erect, it is as fascinating on a well- fitted pair of roller skates as it is with ice skates on ice ; and so far as gracefulness is concerned it is seldom that a person will . skate on outside edge on ice with anything like the grace im- parted to the same movement on rollers. The same rules as to the parallelism of the feet when taking the stroke apply equally to the outside edge backwards, and the tendency to go off at right angles with the succeeding stroke being even greater backwards than forwards. When four per- sons can with certainty skate eights by making a whole circle on either foot, it is competent for them to skate a combined figure — an elementary one it is true, but still a combination that requires to make it successful, attention to time and truth of curves. A half-circle is skated on the right foot and at the moment of the desired change the left shoulder is thrown back and the left foot suddenly turned out, so that the toes of either foot are pointing in opposite directions, placed in the rear of, and parallel FIGURE 3. PIVOT CIRCLING, THE START. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC .LIBRARY. 19 to, the right, and the other half of the circle on ihc outside back of the left is completed. The right is now put down by crossing the feet behind and a half-circle skated, when the feet are again ''spread-eagled" and the left put down in front of and parallel to the right and the half-circle on the left outside forward con- tinued to the center. On ice this is an extremely difficult move- ment to most men, as so few are able to turn out their feet "spread-eagle fashion" so as to describe a curve, the center of which is at the back of a skater, as this must be done without any assistance from the hold of the skate on the ice ; but with the rollers a skater has only to place the skate in the desired position and lean backwards, when the w'hecls will so long as the inclination is sustained hold his feet, as it were, and compel them to describe a circle. Having mastered the difficulty of the four edges, it now be- comes necessary to acquire the turns which will enable the skater to blend the different edges together. In making the turns it is absolutely necessary that the body should turn the feet ; that is to say, the body must be swung around in the desired direction before an attempt is made to alter the direction of the foot. The fault of every beginner, both on ice and on rollers, is that in attempting a turn, his whole attention is directed, not to the change of balance that will ensue on the turn being made, but to the foot that is to make the turn ; and even if by means of a violent wrench its direction be changed, yet the subsequent curve cannot be sustained, for the balance remains as before the attempted turn. In all turns other than rocker and counter turns the inclina- tion of the body is in the same direction after as before the turn, but as a turn alters the direction of going, so the edges (except in rockers and counters) are always altered from in to outside or from out to inside, and this necessitates an alteration of the balance, so that unless the body be so turned at the moment of change as to enable it to accommodate itself to the new balance, the movement ends with the turn, as the position of the body requisite for the resulting curves taking place is such as renders the curve impossible. FIGURE 4. CHOCTAW CROSS. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 The turn on the roller skates is much more difficult than on the ice skates, because the turning must be done on one of two field pivots, the toe or the heel ; but this is not the only difficulty, as the forward portion of the ice blade is also used for making forward turns and the heel portion back turns ; but on the ice the cutting edge of the skate prevents a slip backwards or for- wards ; with the rollers, unless the body be, at the moment of the change, correctly poised over the pivot, a slip may take place either forwards or backwards. Another difficulty to beginners is that during the moment of the turn taking place they (if a forward turn is to be made) so lean forward as to throw the weight of the body almost entirely on the front wheels, and this causes such a friction on the axles that no impetus is left to con- tinue the resulting curve. In making the turn the skater raises the heel by poising on the toe. This poising on the toe is instantaneous, and if the body be properly turned before raising the heel the foot follows the rotation without an}' eflfort. As soon as the turn is effected, the unemployed foot, which up to this time should have been kept behind the other, is brought up, and the toe turned slightly out, and the skater's face turned in the direction of the left shoulder, both of which actions tend to keep back the left shoulder and so enable the curve to be made large. In consequence of the rota- tion given to the body by the turn, most skaters find a great difficulty in striking direct from the tail of a three on one foot to the commencing curve of outside edge on the other, but the keeping back of the shoulder corresponding to the unemployed foot is the means of conquering this difficulty. The turns from a forward to a backward direction are done on the front pair of wheels, and from a back to a forward direction on the rear pair of wheels — at least this is the easy and natural way of doing them; but with a great deal of practice the turn from a back to a forward edge can also be skated on the toe. The Q figures are capital practice, embracing as they do a change of edge and turn, and they can be alternated by means of a cross roll. One example will illustrate the point. Start on FIGURE 5. PLAIN INSIDE TOE SPIN- SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 28 a curve of outside forward, change to inside forward, and turn to outside back. Then cross the other foot as in the back cross roll, continue the half-circle, change to inside back, and then turn to outside forward, when the feet can be crossed as in the forward cross roll, and the movement repeated; if the turn from inside back to outside forward be done on toe wheels the effect is similar to the same movement on ice. One-foot eights, i.e., eights composed of a circle of outside and a circle of inside on the same foot joined by a change of edga are difficult on rollers until the balance of the skater is so perfect that tthe swaying of the body in making the curves ancf changes of edge does not place the weight of the body more on one set of wheels than the other. In commencing the practice of one- foot eights the skater should not attempt to make whole circles, but should begin with a change of edge in a serpentine line, gradually approximating the curves to whole circles of out- side and inside edge. As a stepping stone to a perfect one-foot eight a complete circle may be skated on the outside edge, the change effected, and a half-circle of inside, and then by changing the edge again a w-hole circle of outside and so on skated ; and again this may with advantage be varied by making the whole circles of inside and the half-circle of outside edge. The first of these forms of serpentine lines can be skated on one foot, and continued on the other by joining the two by means of the for- ward or back cross roll. When a serpentine composed of curves or half-circles can be sustained indefinitely on either foot, a curious movement known as "the reverse on to Richmond" can be skated in a straight line and subsequently in the form of an eight. The movement appears curious from the skater's feet being placed one behind the other, as though he would go backwards, instead of which he advances in a forward direction. A change of either foot is necessary to enable the skater to continue the movement, either in a line or in the form of an eight. Again, as the impetus derived from a change of edge is greater in changing from an in to an out than from an out to an inside edge, the foot that takes FIGURE 6. PIVOT CIRCLING. THE FINISH. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 26 Up the movement is placed behind the other on the inside edge. For instance, start on a curve of inside edge, say on the right, and when half a circle is completed change the edge and half a circle of outside; then place the left foot behind and outside of the right (which is taken up) on a curve of inside edge corresponding in direction with the curve just finished by the right, and when a half-circle or less has been completed, change to the outside, and so on. It is not an easy movement to accom- plish even in its simplest form of serpentine lines, but becomes « really difficult when skated in form of an eight, the eight is in fact a one-foot eight cut in two, half being done with the right foot and half with the left. The two-foot eight, which is similar in character to the one- foot eight, viz., two whole circles joined by a change of edge, is a very pretty figure on roller skates. The feet are placed in a line, the toe of one foot almost touching the heel of the other, and to be effective the feet must "track," and herein lies one of the difficulties. It is easy enough to cause the feet to "track" while making the circles, but at the change of edge the feet are apt to get out of line, as both feet being employed, the change of edge becomes more difficult, and can only be obtained by swaying the body from the hips upwards in the direction of the desired curve. In one-foot eights the swinging backwards and forwards of the unemployed leg at the moment of change assists the skater materially, but with the two-foot eights the balance is shifted entirely by the body. To learn the movement a serpen- tine line should be tried, gradually getting the curves more into the shape of circles. When the skater is perfect in two-foot eights, both forward and backward, they can be joined in the following manner: Supposing the right foot to lead, and a circle with the right foot on the outside and the left on the inside to be made, the skater keeping the feet in the same posi- tion throws back his left shoulder and by a "rocker" on either foot turns backwards ; the left foot will now be leading on the inside and the right following on the outside backwards. The whole circle having become completed, the right foot is brought FIGURE 7. SPREAD EAGLE MOVEMENT. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 Up parallel to and outside the left aud flipped back with the half turn of the Philadelphia twist, and as this brings the feet into the position at starting, viz., the right foot leading and the left following, the eight can be repeated. Another but more difficult method of change is to start as before, and arrived at the center, the skater throws back his right shoulder and turns backward, with the common three onto the right and the reverse three onto the left, but the feet being in line, the turn is very difficult. The left foot will now be leading on the outside and the right following on the inside edge. The whole circle completed, the edge should be changed and the right completed, when the skater can again turn forward with the half turn of the Philadelphia twist. If two or three eights are skated in a forward direction, then a turn is effected, and two or three skated backwards the effect is very pretty and very puzzling to the onlooker, as, if the body be properly swayed from the hips the whole is done without apparently the slightest effort, and no stroke being made, the puzzle is where the motive power comes from. A spin (a description of which will be given later) of three or four revolutions inserted between the circles at the change of edge is also very effective. With the foregoing movements accomplished, skating combina- tion should follow. Given good skates, a good fioor and suf- ficient space, and all the club figures can be skated on rollers as well as on ice. The same difficulties that occur on ice will be encountered on rollers, and it will be found that before any degree of efficiency is attained, no matter how great the indi- vidual skill of the respective skaters, great practice together is necessary, and this necessity of combined practice is a source of endless amusement. The skating of loops on rollers, as on ice, seems to fascinate the novice in figure skating. It is not an unusual thing to see a yoimgster putting himself into the most frightful contortions in the vain attempt to accomplish a loop, and this mania usually seizes him long before he has the faintest idea of how to skate the most ordinary figures. FIGURE 8. CORRECT POSITION TO ASSUME WHEN FALLING BACKWARDS. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 29 The loops which arc skated most easily on rollers arc those from the inside back and inside forward. The inside back loop is usually skated at the end of a three, and it comes easier then, inasmuch as the body has received a certain rotation from the turn in the three itself; it is done on the toe, and in the move- ment of doing it the unemployed leg is swung in the direction and in advance of the rotation of the body. The skater must, in fact, execute a movement similar to the movement of an expiring swimming top, keeping the body very erect, swinging the unem- ployed leg well to the front, and last, but not least, constant practice is the means by which loops may be gradually acquired. One of the difficulties to overcome is the ability of continuing the curve after the loop has been made, and this arises from the ankle being frequently bent in one direction, and so settling the w^heels as to cause the skate to strike a curve in that direction, while the true balance of the body is in the opposite direction. The three-and loop, skated on either foot alternately and in a line, is an effective figure and very difficult, as the loops have to be so accurately made to insure the direction being continued. The inside loop backw^ards is also effective when done at the end of a series of interlaced forward and backward Q's. To skate the loop from the inside edge forward, describe a short curve of outside edge forward and change the edge, at the same time bringing the unemployed leg in front of and well across the other. The unemployed leg is then swung round behind the other, the toe of which is raised and the loop skated on the heel, although some skaters prefer to skate this loop on the toe, when of course the heel is raised. If the rotation of the body be continued and the balance be true, a pirouette con- sisting of one or more revolutions can be effected, but then the movement loses the character of the loop and becomes a one- foot pirouette or spin. The rotation is imparted by the swing of the unemployed foot, which is swung out and carried behind the other; and the body, from the hips upward is turned in the direction of the proposed rotation before the foot is allowed to move; the toe is then lifted and the pirouette on the heel or toe is the result. FIGURE 9. PHILADELPHIA TWIST. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 31 In skating an outs'de loop on the left foot the right shoulder corresponds to the outer flank of the cavalry line and brings the body round with tremendous velocity, and, if everything be right with the pivot all will go well, but if the body is not correctly poised a nasty fall ensues, as there is no chance of saving one's self. But the very danger that accompanies it makes the outside loop fascinating. Without forming loops, if the same tactics as above be pur-, sued and (after the first swinging forward of the shoulder and the unemployed leg for the purpose of obtaining rotation) the body be kept erect, a pirouette of several revolutions may be effected. In the same w^ay a whole revolution can be made on the toe in the middle of each circle of the cross roll eight. The difficulty here is to check the rotation when a whole revolution has been made. Unless the body be correctly poised at the moment of swinging round, the foot will describe a cusp and a loop and the skater will then be placed on the inside edge backwards, which renders the forward cross roll impossible. If, therefore, the skater cannot manage the forward loop, he must arrange his balance so as to insure a pirouette (i.e., one whole revolution in the same place) so that after the revolution the interrupted curve of outside edge may be continued. The difference between a loop and a one-foot spin is exactly exemplified by the motion of an expiring spinning top and a top spinning at full speed. In pirouetting or spinning, therefore, the body of the skater must be as upright as possible and cor- rectly poised over the center of gravity, and the leg which was swung out to impart rotation must be brought alongside of the other. The easiest way to learn a one-foot spin on the toe — say on the left foot — is by commencing with a curve of outside with the right and changing to inside edge, at the same time putting down the left toe in the center of the circle being described by the right. When the skater feels himself balanced on the toe he should rise on It and take up the right. The arms should be thrown out at right angles to the body the moment when the FIGURE 10. HEEL AND TOE SPLIT, SPALDINCrS ATIILKTIC LIKKAKY. C3 right foot is circling round the lefl ; Init Ihcy should be brought to the side as soon as the skater is balanced on the toe. The toe pirouette is a capital introduction to the pirouette, using both feet, as it begins in the same way, only instead of taking up the right foot, the toe only is raised, and the skater revolves on the toe of the left and the heel of the right foot. The rotation is given by the right foot circling round the left and the swing of the arms (which should at the start be at right angles with the body) in the direction of the de- sired rotation. The arms should be kept very stiff and rigid and gradually pressed close to the body. The movement is one of extreme difficulty, as the base is always shifting and it re- quires an immense amount of practice before it can be skated with anything like certainty. Fifteen revolutions is considered a moderately good spin, but some skaters manage as many as thirty revolutions. To look well the movement should be done with the feet rather close together and the skater should remain on the same spot. Even to those skaters who are able to execute grapevines on ice, the same movements on rollers present many difficulties, though it will be satisfactory to those who cannot skate grape- vines on ice to learn that the power of skating them on rollers renders their acquisition on ice very easy. The constant shift- ing of the balance from toe to heel which is necessary in the rapid changes is very puzzling, but before attempting the grape- vine the beginner should master the various movements that are used in skating this complicated figure. These are the chain step forwards and backwards, the serpentine line on both feet forwards and backwards with the feet tracking and single turns on either foot. When the skater is thoroughly familiar with these movements he should begin the single grapevine by allowing the right foot to pass in front of the left with the movement of the chain step when the right shoulder should be thrown back and a turn to right made by means of a common 3 on the right and the reverse 3 on the left foot, the turn to the right foot being half a FIGURE 11. RIDING THE PONY. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 86 second in advance of the left. Up to this point the movement is perfectly simple, tlie turn on either foot has brought the skater's body round half a circle and he is going backwards on a curve to the left with right foot leading. When this curve has been sustained a short distance the balance of the body has to be shifted and the feet being retained in the same position (that is with the right leading) a curve has to be made to the right and the left foot allowed precedence of the right by grad- ually circling round it. The right shoulder has now to be brought forward and the right foot turned inwards on a curve of inside forwards. At this movement the feet are at right angles to each other, with the toes pointing inwards ; but this awkward position is soon relieved by the left following the right on a curve of outside forwards, and this turning from for- wards to backwards by half revolutions with the intermediate curves is what constitutes the grapevine. As some people have a difficulty in turning the toes in so that the feet are at right angles to each other it is well to begin practicing the grapevine by carefully turning the toes in towards the inside of the waist of the feet. When the grapevine has been acquired, starting with the right foot in front, it should be learned starting with the left foot in front and making the first turn to the left and when this is accomplished the double grapevine can be tried. The Philadelphia grapevine is usually skated backwards. With feet apart the skater starts with the chain step backwards, and allows the right to pass in front of and outside the left, the legs being thus crossed and the two feet parallel to each other, with the outsides of either foot in proximity. From this position the toe of the right and the heel of the left are slightly raised, and the right foot is flipped back with a sudden jerk to the right on a curve of outside forw^ards, the left following on a curve of inside forwards. This brings the skater round half the circle, and the feet become disengaged, and the subsequent turn brings the skater to the position he started with, but with the right foot leading and this enables the left to be brought FIGURE 12. POSITION OF THE FEET WHEN TURNING A CORNER. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 across, outside of and parallel to the right and flipped back to the left and so on. The whole difficulty of the movement con- sists of flipping back the outside foot, and this is done by a sudden twist of the ankle, the feet being locked while half a revolution is being made. Skating forward, the Philadelphia is begun as a common grape- vine with the chain-step and assuming that the right foot is passed in front of the left, the left is brought up outside of and parallel to it, and then the heels of both feet being slightly raised, the left foot is flipped back to the left on a curve of outside back, the right following on a curve of inside back when the feet become disengaged and the subsequent turn is skated as in the turn from backwards to forwards of the single grape- vine. This brings the skater to the original starting position but with the left leading, by which the movement can be re- peated with the rotation to the left and so on. The movement skated forwards is more difficult than when done backwards, and not so elegant, as the skater's toes are constantly turned in towards each other, instead of out, as in the same movement done backwards. An eight consisting of outside edge backwards joined by means of the first half of the Philadelphia twist, i. e., the half revolution with the feet locked, is a very pretty figure. It can be accomplished by the skater making a whole circle on the outside back with, say the right foot when he places the left behind, outside of and parallel to the right, and with the feet thus locked he makes half a revolution to the right, and taking up the right skates the other circle of the eight with the left. The movement is in fact a back eight, with the circles tied to- gether with the Philadelphia twist. There is a variation of the Philadelphia named the Philadelphia spread eagle grape-vine. It is begun as the Philadelphia start- ing backwards; the right foot is flipped back as in that move^ ment, but when a half revolution has been made the rotation is stopped by the left, which has followed the right on a curve of inside forwards, being turned to inside back thus placing FIGURE 13. HOW TO STOP SKATING FORWARD. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 89 the feet in spread eagle fashion. When this has been sustained for about a yard, the right is turned to outside back, and the left immediately crosses it and takes up its position outside of and parallel to it, when the movement is repeated with the rotation to the lef;. The Pennsylvania grape-vine is begun as in the Philadelphia, but instead of makino:, as in the latter, one half or whole revo- lution with the feet locked and the other half with them dis- engaged, the feet are locked and a whole revolution made with them in that position. For instance, taking the movement as skated forwards, assuming that the right foot is passed in front of the left with the chain step which begins the movement, the left is brought up outside of and parallel to it and, when thus locked, the toe of the right foot and the heel of the left are raised and the body swung round a whole revolution to the right on these two pivots ; the feet are now disengaged and the right passed behind outside of and parallel to the left and the revolution made to the left and so on. It is an extremely difficult move- ment, but both the difficulty and danger are minimi;^ed by at- tempting it at a fairly quick pace rather than slowly, as the quicker the revolution is made the quicker the feet get out of the dangerous position of being locked together. In skating the Pennsylvania backwards the pivots are reversed, the loop be- tween the cups being made with the toe. The grapevines can be skated equally well either on ice or rollers ; but the following species of grapevine being skated on toes only is peculiar to the rollers. The skater rises on the toes, and with the chain step passes the right in front of the left and, turning to the right, allows the left to circle round it, the two feet describing two loops. When the skater has described half a revolution the position of the feet will be similar to the position when skating the Pennsyl- vania, viz. : the right will be across the left and the outsides of the feet in proximity (except, of course, that the skater is all the time on the toes only). Resting the whole weight of the body on the right foot, the left continues to circle round it FIGURE 14„ CORRECT POSITION OF FEET WHEN STARTING. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 41 until a whole revolution is made and the feet become disen- gaged, the result being that a small loop is formed with the right foot and a larger one with the left. Any skater that will take the trouble to make himself a good figure skater on rollers will without doubt take his place as a tirst-class figure skater on ice. There is a good deal of persistent drudgery to go through before sufficient skill is acquired to render figure skating on rollers a real pleasure, but the holding to one movement till it is conquered will of itself create in- terest, and give encouragement to attempt other and greater difficulties. FIGURE A. HAND IN HAND. FORWARD MOVEMENT. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. I (r ^ ^ Fancy Skating SINGLE MOVEMENTS. Roller skating is a pastime, and becomes to the intelligent man an intellectual as well as a sensitive or bodily treat, from its exemplifying the laws of motion. It is the art of balancing the body and propelling it by the action of the feet when fitted with a pair of skates which enables the skillful wearer to travel backwards and forwards at a slow or rapid velocity or to de- scribe a variety of arcs, circles, spirals, serpentine and other figures in either direction and either singly or in combination with other skaters. The art when thus highly elaborated is called "figure skating" or ''figuring," for the reason that it is the elevated branch of the pastime. The good skater fre- quently realizes how deficient he or she is in that accuracy of movement which is the test of his really possessing the com- mand of their skates, and by constant application a polish and finish is attained which enables the skater to overcome greater difficulties on the rollers. There are certain characteristics i. each skater partaking most strongly of the temperament of man. All cannot be gifted with the "poetry of motion" which imparts grace and finish. Those who are fortunate possessors of it will certainly find the path to success a shorter one than those who lack it. But the latter must redouble their efforts to try what careful practice will do in eradicating anything that is un- gainly, inelegant and awkward. Fancy skating carries the skater from the simple to the most difficult and complex figures upon a systematic plan, which, when carried to a degree of perfection not only enhances the pleasure of the pastime for the skater, but provides a good entertainment for the spectators. A common error among those ambitious to become proficient in fancy skating is to become discouraged too soon. A beginner often works hard at a particular figure for sev- FIGURE B. HAND IN HAND. FACE TO FACE. DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. SPALI)IN(rS ATHLKTIC LIKRAUY. 46 eral hours and on leaving off seems to have made little progress, but the real practice is sure to have shown results, and on the following day the skater will find the figure that yesterday seemed impossible come with the greatest ease. To master the details of all the fancy skating figures is a moral as well as physical impossibility, a-nd for the purpose of illustrating some of the most simple as well as graceful figures only those that are com- paratively easy of accomplishment, yet graceful, are used. If the skater can execute the below-mentioned movements with accuracy, grace and skill innumerable other movements and fig- ures will present themselves. The first and most important of all figure skating is the Dutch or cross roll (Fig. 2). The movement receives its name from its resemblance to the rolling of a hoop or coin or loose wheel, also the rolling of a ship in a sea. To effect this, impetus may be obtained by inside forward strokes, the turn on both feet to back- wards and a few back strokes ; then let the skater continue with both feet, running in the parallel curves of a very large circle, and practice the art of easing off the weight of the body from the foot that is on the larger curve (the outer), until it can gradually be lifted from the floor. Impetus must be sustained b}' occasional strokes of the same foot or, if more convenient, a fresh start made. The sustaining power of the centrifugal force can be experienced by turning the foot that is describing the outside a little more in the menter so as to make somewhat sud- denly a smaller curve ; this will immediately give the skater a practical proof of the certainty of such movement, restoring the balance if in danger of being lost. Having thus far acquired the edge, the alternate large curves should be struck in the side- ways attitude next, the circles which make the fourth 8. The closing practice should be the swift run forward, the turn on both feet to backward, and the immense spiral to a state of rest without touching the floor with the unemployed foot. 1"his will test the attainments of the learner in outside backwards which on the large scale is a very fine and bold movement, and. moreover, a safe edge to be on at the highest velocity. It nuist FIGURE D. CORRECT POSITION FOR WALTZING. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIRRARY. 4t not be forgotten that the weight of the hody shoiihl 1k' on the toe part of the skates in forward edges and on the heel in back edges. Want of nerve in throwing the weight of the body well on to the heel is the cause of the great difficulty that is ex- perienced in learning the back edges. 'Ihe feet and legs in the cross outside forward or backward are crossed in the act of striking. Therefore everything takes place on the outside edge, and to compensate for the unusual and somewhat dis- advantageous position of the feet and the less vigorous impulse obtainable it is necessary to make the utmost use of the weight and momentum of the body. When this is done the impulse is very considerably increased. The hitherto unemployed leg must be gently and evenlv swung round the employed one in such a manner that it arrives exactly at the proper time and angle to be put down, and so become the traveling one. With this movement accomplished, which is the most difficult, and keystone of the others, the following advice and suggestions will be found of assistance. Many skaters are at a loss to know what to do wdien, skating backwards, they desire to stop. The movement is a simple one (Fig. i). Balance on one foot, swing- ing the other to the rear, raising the heel of the rear skate and permitting the toe to drag along the floor. This will be found advantageous in all fancy figures. Pivot circling, outside edge (Figs. 3 and 6). When skating take an outside edge circle with either foot. The unemployed foot should swing on the circle until the toe touches the floor, continuing to circle until the body comes to a stop. Choctaw movement. The skater goes from the outside foot forward of one foot to the inside back of the other (Fig. 4). The eft'ort of swinging the body round sufficiently to place down the foot in proper position for taking the new edge necessi- tates a jump while the feet are in the ungainly position of being turned in. Plain toe movement spins, inside, are done by letting the two feet run about thirty inches apart (Fig. 5), then turn the toes slightly in, drawing the feet suddenly together, and throw- 4g SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. mg the head and shoulders in the direction desired. The bod> must be erect and the hands at the side to look well. This cannot be a good spin without twelve or fourteen revolutions. Spread Eagle. The straightened knee is as necessary to im- part grace to the spread eagle as it is to any other figure, but the straightening of the knee renders the acquisition of the necessary position most difficult and can only be acquired by long practice. The best method of obtaining impetus is by the ordinary run forward, the feet are then placed in a direct line, the heels close together and the toes turned in opposite direc- tions. Assuming the body to be erect and the skater able to hold the feet in this position and proceed in a straight line, it being necessary that the feet be kept in position by muscular exertion alone (Fig. 7). It is quite possible to finish the move- ment by slowly drawing one foot in front of the other in a straight line, so that the toes instead of the heels are facing each other. By leaning slightly forward when the feet are in spread- eagle position, the skater will be thrown onto the inside edge and a curve instead of a straight line will be the result. In this case the feet will not, of course, be quite in a straight line. At the same time leaning backwards a curve on the outside edge can be attained and the serpentine line formed by the combination of the outside and inside curves. Spread-eagle fashion is very pretty and is known as the "Spread Eagle Wave." Philadelphia Twist. The single grape-vine movement is fol- lowed by allowing the right foot to pass in front of the left with the movement of the chain step, when the right shoulder should be thrown back and a turn to the right (Fig. 9) made by means of a common 3 on the right and the reverse 3 on the left foot, the turn to the right being half a second in advance of the left. The turn on either foot brings the skater's body round half a circle. When this curve has been sustained a short distance the balance of the body has to be shifted, and the feet being retained in the same position (that is, with the right foot lead- ing) a curve has to be made to the right and the left foot allowed to take precedence of the right by gradually circling SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 round it. At this moment the feet arc at right angles to (.-ach other with the toes pointing inwards. But this awkward posi- tion is soon relieved by the left following the right on a curve of outside forwards and this turning from forwards to back- wards by half revolutions with intermediate curves is what constitutes the grape-vine. Heel-and-toe Split. In skating forward the weight of the body should be thrown on the heel of one foot and the toe of the other (Fig. lo), keeping the feet apart. This can be ac- complished in both the straight and serpentine movements. Riding the Pony, A favorite trick of the boys and those fairly advanced in fancy skating. After securing a good momen- tum allow the weight of the body to rest on one foot and bend to a sitting position, with the other leg extended to full length (Fig. II ). This can be accomplished in plain forward movement or in large serpentine curves. Turning a Corner, In approaching the curve, the skater being on the left foot (Fig. 12), outside edge forward, the right foot is brought forward and placed in front of the left, the weight of the body being shifted to the right foot simultaneously. To stop in forward movement. The correct position of the feet in stopping when skating forward is to allow the weight of the body to rest on one foot, place the unemployed foot be- hind the one employed, in a right angle position (Fig. 13), allowing the wheels to drag in this position until the skater has come to a stop. Position for starters. Take a short step or glide forward, at the same time permitting the weight of the body to shift to the foot in the forwa'-d position. Continue the movement from right to left and vice versa (Fig. 14), until the plain outside edge roll forward is mastered. DOUBLE MOVEMENTS. Hand-in-hand forward movement. The man takes his posi- tion on the left of his partner when starting the figure on the right foot, taking her left hand in his right or holding her right 50 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. hand in his right and her left in his left (Fig. A), the joined hands being underneath the left hands. It is essential that the outside skater, i.e., the one to the left when on an outside of the right leg, and vice versa when on an outside of the left, should just previous to a turn being made be in advance. The stronger skater should be on the outside, as he with greater power will more readily shoot ahead just previous to a turn. When turns made from an inside forward on the right, the left-hand skater must previous to the turn be behind his partner, and the right- hand skater behind his partner when on the left leg. Hand in Hand, Face to Face. — The hands should be held in a natural way, viz., the nnan standing face to face with his part- ner's left hand in his right and vice versa (Fig. B). The sim- plest of the figures is the forward and back roll in which the lady executes the forward cross roll starting with the left, and after this has been practiced some time, the lady may substitute a turn for a stroke of outside forward, which will have the effect of reversing the order of going. Waltz Movement. — There is very little difference between this movement and the preceding one. The skaters assume the same position as in the ordinary waltz and follow the hand-in-hand face-to-face figures. The man should hold firmly (Fig. D) to his partner in whirling. Hand-in-Hand Mohawk Movement. — Start the movement in the first of the double figures, with a firm large outer edge for- ward, right foot, flatten the shoulders into the plane of the right skate by carrying the left shoulder way back, turn the toes of the left feet as far out as possible. By a gentle tilt of the body shift the weight from the right foot to the left. The foot will drop in position neatly on the proper edge and the movement continued. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 Sports on Roller Skates With the revival of roller skating many novel sporting and athletic events have been introduced. When skating was in vogue nearly two decades ago speed skating formed the only real athletic feature, although figure skating was always popular. Just as the ball-bearing skate has supplanted the old-fashioned skate, so has modern ideas and ingenuity found ways and means to provide an ever-exacting public with something new and at- tractive. Of all sports and pastimes on roller skates basket ball holds first place. It offers greater opportunity for scientific play and is fast and exciting. In fact basket ball is a much faster game on roller skates than in the ordinary style. This means that notwithstanding the difficulties in preserving one's equi- librium at all times, the passing, dribbling and goal throwing can be made just as fast as the players are expert on the rollers. There is no let up in the game, and it is full of exciting plays and interesting maneuvers. The liability of accident is minimized and with the proper enforcement of rules players who have be- come proficient in roller skating should make few if any tumbles. Roller polo is too well known to need any special mention. Similar to ice hockey and pony polo, it is fast, fascinating and entertaining, but requires considerable practice to reach a degree of perfection to appeal to the followers of roller skating. Some years ago there were several roller polo leagues, but the absence of devotees to roller skating was largely instrumental in causing the sport to lose favor. With so many members of the various athletic clubs throughout the country now enjoying roller skat- ing an early revival of the game may confidently be expected. Broom ball is another game that appeals to the followers of roller skating. It is played under rules similar to that of roller polo. Instead of hockey sticks, brooms are used, and a Spalding Association foot ball replaces the ball used in polo. There is less 52 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. liability of accident, but compared with polo it lacks the scientific part of the game. Five men play on each side, and the inflated leather-covered ball is propelled, or hit, with the birch part of the broom. The object is to drive the ball through goal posts placed at each end of the hall. Push ball on roller skates is amusing rather than scientific, and while it afifords untold amusement to the spectators it is of little real value to the players from an athletic standpoint. It has been played with considerable success and must take its place among the new sports and pastimes in the roller skating rink. GN'mkhana races have found favor with the present revival of roller skating. These consist of a series of obstacle competi- tions which bring into play all the athletic faculties of the skaters. Gymkhana races are an Indian product, where the officers and men of the British Army stationed in that country find the ordinary athletic events too strenuous with the ther- mometer at 100 degrees in the shade. These consist of crawling through barrels and rings of a ladder placed on edge, jumping over low hurdles and crawling under netting, or surmounting any obstacle which may impede the progress of a contestant. These races can be arranged so as to give an entire programme of events. Among the other sports adapted to roller skating are : Speed races, relays, high jumping, long jumping, skating backwards and potato races. In addition to these sports ball masques and fancy dress competitions may be added to the list of events to provide a programme of interesting entertainments. The follow- ing is an illustration of programmes that can be varied to suit the conditions of the skating rink : PROGRAMME I.— ATHLETIC SPORTS. Monday— Basket Ball. Tuesday — ^Speed Races. Wednesday — Roller Polo. Thursday — Gymkhana Races. Friday — Broom Ball. Saturday— Push Ball. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. PROGRAMME II.— MIXED. Monday — Basket Ball. Tuesday — Ball Masque. Wednesday — Speed Races. Thursday — Gymkhana and Relay Races. Friday — Fancy Dress Competition. Saturday — Roller Polo. 54 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Rules for Good Form The body should be erect, but yielding and kept generally square to the front ; but the skater should remember that the lines of business are straight while those of pleasure are curves. The body, therefore, should be easy and pliable, with no degree of stiffness, leaning slightly forward. An air of lightness should pervade every motion. The head should be carried upright, inclining backward, and easy in any position; the skater should always remember the important caution : never look down at the feet while skating ! The shoulder must be kept slightly back of the breast and moderately low, not forced, but easy in the position. The legs should not be stiff. Nothing so effectually destroys the beauty and gracefulness of the movement as stiffness of the lirtibs, and, as it gives a rigidity to the body it is not only unbecoming, but materially disadvantageous. The knee of the performing leg should be slightly bent. This rule is absolute. The arms must hang loosely at the side, the elbows slightly bent, the hands naturally facing the body, the fingers neither imitating the tines of a fork, nor clutched as if with a spasm, but a little bent and slightly separated. A position of ease, natural, unassumed, and especially devoid of affectation is essen- tial. The body should be held naturally erect, yet yielding and with the chest well expanded. All the members of the body should work In unison, in an easy and pliable manner, with no stiffness, and an air of lightness should pervade every motion, as a constrained or forced motion destroys harmony, and gives pain to the spectators. Whatever position the head is thrown into while the skater is executing different movements, it should fall into position naturally, never too stiffly. It should incline as if by intuition, in a continued, graceful motion, with- SPALDING'S ATHLETIC! LIBRARY. 65 out apparent effort or volition. The shoulders stiould always be kept well back, not forced, but in position. Stiffness of the limbs gives a rigidity to the body which is unbecoming and naturally disadvantageous. A pliability of form is absolutely necessary to the acquirement of the different movements exe- cuted on skates. Remember that the head rules the feet. Remember that when striking out on any edge you must feel that you are perfectly keen on that edge antil it is changed to another. Remember that it is allowable to look down at the feet in executing a certain figures "to place," but that in cutting figures "in field" it is absolutely unnecessary, in fact, detrimental. Remember not to skate your movements too hurriedly, as you are not skating against time, and speed is certainly the greatest enemy of grace. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 1. The ofificers of a Race Meeting shall be: One Referee. Three Judges at the finish. Three Timekeepers. One Scorer, with assistants, if necessary. One Clerk of the Course, with assistants, if necessary. One Starter. Four Parole Judges. Two Measurers. 2. The Referee shall be the executive officer and shall decide all points of dispute and infringement of rules. His decision shall be final and without appeal. 3. The Judges at finish shall determine the order of finishing of contestants, and shall arrange among themselves as to noting the winner, second, third, as the case may be. In case of dis- agreement the majority shall decide, and their decision as to order of finish shall be final and without appeal. 4. Each of the three Timekeepers shall time every event. Should two of the three watches mark the same time and the third disagree, the time marked by the two watches shall be accepted. Should all three disagree, the time marked by the in- termediate watch shall be accepted. The flash of the pistol shall denote the actual time of starting. In case only two watches are held on an event, and they fail to agree, the longest time of the two shall be accepted. For record, however, three watches must be held on an event. 5. The Scorer shall record the order in which each competitor finishes his event, together with the time furnished him by the Timekeepers. He shall keep a tally of the laps made by each competitor in races covering more than one lap, and shall an- nounce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when the leading man SPALDlNd'S ATHLETIC LIHUAUY. 57 enters the last lap. He shall control his assistants, and assign to ihem such of his duties as he may deem best. 6. The Clerk of the Course shall record the name of each competitor who shall report to him, shall give him his number for each race in which he is entered, and notify him before the start of every event in which he is engaged, and see that he is placed on his proper mark. The assistants shall do such portions of his work as he may assign to them. 7. The Starter shall have entire control of competitors at their marks and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or not any man has gone over his mark. His decision in such case shall be final and without appeal. All races shall be started by report of pistol, a snap cap shall be no report. There shall be no recall after pistol is fired. When any competitor shall touch the floor in front of his mark before the starting signal is given, it shall be considered a false start. Penalties for false starting shall be inflicted by the starter as follows : For first ofifense, the competitor shall be put back one yard, and another yard for second offense, and for the third offense disqualified. 8. The Patrol Judges shall be stationed at the corners of the course, from which places they will watch closely the contestants, and if they observe any fouling or irregularity, calling for official action, they wnll immediately after the heat or race report the same to the Referee. 9. All track measurements shall be certified by the measurers and the measurement of track shall be two feet from the inner edge, which edge shall be clearly defined to their satisfaction. 10. Entries shall not be received, or acknowledged until the entry fees are paid in full and accompanied with a registration card. 11. AH entries shall be made upon official entry blanks in the real name of applicant, with age and address. 12. Immediately on arri\al each competitor shall report to the Clerk of the Course. 68 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13. Each competitor shall be supplied with, and wear during each contest, a distinctive number corresponding to his number on the programme. 14. He shall inform himself of the times at which he must compete, and will report promptly at the start without waiting to be notified. 15. No attendant shall accompany a competitor on the course. Competitors shall draw lots for their respective places on the post before leaving the dressing-room. 16. The contestant that gets the inside place, or pole, has the right of way, and can only be passed on the right hand. BUT SHOULD SAID PARTY STRAY AWAY FROM THE POLE, ANY CONTESTANT IS PRIVILEGED TO PASS ON THE LEFT HAND, PROVIDED THAT THERE IS AMPLE ROOM. 17. A contestant winning the pole place is entitled to all its rights. 18. All contestants will invariably pass each other on the right hand, except as specified above in capitals. 19. No consideration or allowance of time will be granted to any contestant where they are to blame for any delay or mishap. 20. Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from the start to finish in all races on straightaway tracks, and in all races on tracks with one or more turns he shall not cross to the inner edge of the track, except when he is at least twelve feet in advance of his nearest competitor. 21. The Referee may disqualify from that event any competi- tor who willfully pushes against, impedes, crosses the course of, or in any way interferes with another competitor. 22. The Referee may disqualify from further participation in the races any contestant for loafing, traveling behind for rest, or wind break, competing to lose coaching, or in any way impeding the chances of another competitor either in a trial or final con- test. 23. Verbal protests can be made at or before any competition or race meeting against a competitor by anyone competing. But SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 59 such protest must be subsequently made in writing and duly presented to the Referee within forty-eight hours thereafter. 24. The Referee shall set a time and hear both sides of a case of protest, and decide the same. 25. A tape shall be stretched across the track at the finish, four feet above the floor at right angles to the course and parallel to the floor. The finish line is not this tape, but the line on the lloor drawn across the track from post to post. The tape is merely intended to assist the Judges in their decision. A finish shall be counted when any part of the winner's body, except his hands or arms, shall cross the finish line. CAUSE OF DISQUALIFICATION OF CONTESTANTS. 1. Who willfully fouls, crowds, pushes, hinders or in any way impedes the progress of any other contestant in a race. 2. Who cuts inside of any corner or Parole Judge, or who willfully leaves the course before the race is finished. 3. Who is guilty of offering, agreeing, conspiring or attempt- ing to cause any race to result otherwise than on its merits. 4. Who uses profane language or is guilty of improper conduct at the race meet. 5. Who gambles or bets on the results of a race. 6. Who fails to pay entrance fee before the race, or is not properly registered. 7. Who has ever entered in a contest under an assumed name. 8. Who has contested for a money prize within two years. PROGRAMME FOR FIGURE SKATING CONTESTS. The object of this programme is to set forth the movements of figure skating so as best to test the proficiency of skaters, and in an order that will economize the strength of the contestants. The movements are arranged under comprehensive fundamental heads. It is to be understood that whenever practicable all move- 60 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRART. ments are to be executed both forward and backward on right foot and on left. 1. Outside edge roll forward. 2. Outside edge roll backward. 3. Single and double flat foot spins, crossfoot and two foot whirls. 4. Inside edge roll forward. 5. Inside edge roll backward. 6. Figure eight on one foot, forward, single and double circles. 7. Curved angles — threes, single, double and chain, beginning on inside or outside edge. 8. Figure eight on one foot backward, single and double circles. 9. Cross roll forward in field and eights, single and double circle. 10. Cross roll backward in field and eights, single and double circle. 11. Loops and ringlets on inside and outside edges, single and in combination. 12. Change of edge roll forward, beginning on either outside or inside edge. 13. Change of edge roll backward, beginning on either outside or inside edge. 14. Curved angles — rocking and counter rocking turns from outside edge to outside edge and inside edge to inside edge, forward and backward. 15. Curved angles — crosscuts or anvils on inside and outside edges. , 16. Grapevines. 17. Toe and heel movements, embracing pivot circling, toe spins (pirouettes) and movements on both toes. In case of a tie the judges shall order the competitors so tied to skate five specialties each. If limited as to time the judges may select what is thought best. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 This schedule is intended as a guide, as well to skaters as to judges who should continually bear in mind that grace is a most desirable attribute to artistic skating. The rules of the Amateur Skating Association of the United States are as follows: The officials of a figure skating competition shall be three judges and one scorer. The judging shall be done on a scale of points running from the number of contestants down to o. Experience shows the following to be the most practical method of scoring: "The number to be given to the one standing first in any section shall be that of the number of contestants. Should there be two or more of equal merit, they should be marked the same number ; and the one coming next below takes the number result- ing from subtracting the number of competitors above him from the number entered. A total failure is marked zero." A fall does not necessarily constitute a failure. At the conclusion of each figure each judge shall, without consultation with his associates, mark the number of points which he awards to each competitor. These reports shall then be compared, and in case of disagree- ment the majority shall decide. The scorer shall keep an accurate record of the points allowed to each contestant on each figure. In deciding the relative merits of competitors, special attention will be given to grace and ease of position, accuracy in skating to place and ability to use both feet equally well. Competitors before coming on the floor will draw lots to decide the order in which they will skate, and shall preserve this order throughout, except that the competitor who leads in each figure shall skate last in the next on the programme, the others preserv- ing their relative succession. If, in the opinion of the judges, any competitor shall not have skated in the first nine numbers sufficiently well, they may require him to retire. 62 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Any competitor refusing to skate when called upon in his proper turn, without a reason satisfactory to the judges, will be ruled out of the competition and shall leave the floor. The decision of the majority of the judges shall be final in regard to all questions of disqualifications, interpretations of the programme, and merits of the competitors. SPALDING^S ATHLETIO LIBRARY. ^ — Playing Rules for Roller Polo ^ ^^1 — no ^ Among the many games that can be played on roller skates polo is one of the most fascinating and popular. It affords healthful exercise for the players and furnishes wholesome en- joyment for spectators. The rules for roller polo follow : Each team shall consist of five players, to be designated as follows : One goal tend, one halfback, one center, two rushes. The ball shall be the regulation rubber covered polo ball, which shall be furnished by the manager of the home club. The sticks shall not exceed four feet in length, one inch and one-eighth in diameter, or fifteen ounces in weight. The crook of the stick may be covered with leather, but no metallic sub- stance will be allowed near that end of the stick. A cord or strap shall be attached to the handle to prevent the stick from slipping from the hand, but it shall not extend more than ten inches beyond the end. All games shall be played upon circular running skates in good order, the rolls to be standard size. No player shall be allowed to appear on the surface with a metal roll nor one less than one and one-quarter inches in diameter. No skate shall be more than two inches shorter than the ordinary boot or shoe of the player. The spindle must not project more than one-eighth of an inch from the skate. The cotter pin must be applied to the outside of the skate and a blind-headed end on the inside thereof. The skates must be securely fastened to the feet and no player can call time to readjust his skates. In case a skate is broken and a player thereby is obliged to leave the surface, his place must be taken by a substitute in uniform. The player retiring may resume his position at the option of his captain. For each championship game two balls shall be furnished by the home club to the referee for use. If the ball in play is batted 6i SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. out of the playing surface and is not returned within thirty seconds the other ball shall be put in play by the referee. As often as one of the two in use is lost, another must be substi- tuted, so that the referee shall at all times after the game begins have two for use. Should the ball become out of shape, cut or ripped so as to expose the yarn, or in any way so injured as to be, in the opin- ion of the referee, unfit for use, the referee on being appealed to by either captain, shall at once put the alternate ball into use and call for a new one. The goal shall be three feet high and four and one-half feet long. The surface must be pumiced before each game. In playing a game, the front of the cage or goal must not be less than ten feet from the end and equidistant from the side of the playing surface of the rink. No player except the goal tend shall be allowed within a semi-circle plainly indicated in front of the goal, the radius of which must be two and one-half feet from the center of the goal line. It is understood that if the goal tend leaves his posi- tion, whoever for the time being takes his place is the goal tend. To start the game, the ball shall be placed at rest at the middle of a straight line drawn through the center of each goal and at the whistle of the referee, shall be charged upon by the rusher who is standing by the goal. No other player shall be permitted to rush for the ball, and should any player of the oppos- ing side attempt to block an opposing rusher before the ball is charged a foul must be declared. In starting on a rush one rusher only can stand at the cage. The other must stand at the side of the rink. A goal is won by the passage of the ball into the cage or net from the front, where it must remain until removed by the referee. No goal shall be allowed when kicked in by one of the opposing team. The positions of the teams shall be reversed after each goal. Three innings of fifteen minutes each of actual playing time shall constitute a game, except as provided hereinafter, and the SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 66 club winning the most goals in that time shall he the winner of the game. In computing the time all waits between goals and during the progress of the game on calls of time shall be deducted from the actual time and only the playing time of the goal reckoned. The final goal shall be the one which ends at the expiration of the third fifteen minutes of actual playing time, unless the clubs are tied, in which case the deciding goal shall be played. In case of a tie at the expiration of the third period all fouls shall be declared ofT and play shall be continued until the de- cisive goal is scored. In case a game is interrupted by unavoid- able accident or other unforeseen cause and cannot be con- tinued, the game shall be awarded to the club leading at the time of interruption, provided two periods have been played. There shall be a corps of official referees and timekeepers, and time must be kept by a stop-watch or a stop-clock. If the timekeeper fails to appear at any game a substitute shall be appointed by the manager of the home team. The visiting team shall be allowed a representative at each game, who may require of the official timer that the watch be so held that both can at all times see its face, and the official scorer so keep his record that the visiting representative may at all times see same. At any time a question arises note shall be made of the differences and the matter settled at the close of the periods. No person but the players and referee shall be permitted on the surface during a match, unless assistance is to be rendered in case of accident, or unless upon mutual invitation of the cap- tains and referee. Failure to observe this rule within one min- ute after the direction of the referee to leave the floor will carry with it a forfeiture of the game. The referee shall have charge of the clubs and the surface from the time the game is called till it is finished or postponed. He shall start and call the game, shall settle all disputed points, and shall announce each goal, giving its time and all fouls and their nature. M SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. The referee is the master of the surface from beginning of the game to its close, and he must compel the players to observe the provisions of the playing rules. The referee must keep the contesting teams playing con- stantly from the beginning of the game to the termination, al- lowing for such delays as are rendered unavoidable by accident. The referee must call play promptly at the hour designated by the home club, and on the blast of the whistle the contest shall begin. When the whistle is blown for time, no goal can be counted that is made until the signal has been given to renew play. The sound of the gong shall announce the termination of the contest. The skates of each club shall be examined by the referee or the manager immediately before the players go on the surface or before leaving the surface. No player shall be allowed to leave the surface without permission of the referee, who shall examine his skates upon his return. There shall be an official scorer connected with each club, who shall prepare a summary of each contest, which shall con- tain the names of players, date of game, the number and order of rushes, goals won by each team, and a record of fouls ; giving names of players making the same and the time occupied in playing for each goal. If the ball go out of bounds the referee shall blow his whistle to call time and place the ball at the point opposite where it went out, at least four feet from the rail. In recommencing play, the players who do so must stand in position to knock the ball lengthwise of the surface with their backs toward the sides. Time shall be called by the referee whenever a foul occurs. Upon the renewal of the game the ball must be placed whep- the foul occurred. If time is called while goal is in progress the play shall not cease until the referee's whistle is blown. A goal shall be taken from either side for every third foul committed by it during the progress of a game. After taking cognizance of a third foul and announcing the result the referee SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. CT shall continue the game from where it left off at the call of foul. It shall be deemed a foul: (a) if any player stop or strike the ball when any part of his person except his feet is touch- ing the surface; (b) if any player stop, catch or bat the ball with his hands or arms; (c) if the player intentionally violate Rule 7; (d) if any player hold another player on the surface or against the rail; (e) if any player run about or strike the ball while one of his skates is off or broken; (f) if any player stop before or in the immediate vicinity of the goal cage to readjust his skates ; (g) if any player put his stick between the arm and body of another player. If the referee decides that a foul is made in the goal by the goal tend, or by any player taking his place, for the time being, that prevents a goal from being made, a goal shall be declared for the opposing side. In case two or more players are in the goal circle and either is hit by the ball a foul in goal shall be declared and a goal al- lowed against the intruder. If any player remove or attempt to remove the ball after it has gone into the goal a goal will be allowed the opposing side. Any act by any player that is manifestly intended as an un- warrantable interference by one player with another may be de- clared a foul by the referee from his own observation or upon complaint by the captain of the offended side. If on account of the absence of or injury to any player a substitute is necessary and no regular member of the team is present any person may be selected with the approval of the captain of the opposing team, given in the presence of the referee. If a dispute arise upon the surface it shall be settled by the referee and the two captains ; the players shall take no parf in the discussion unless called upon by the referee. If any club refuses to abide by the decision of the referee within one minute after being ordered to resume play they shall forfeit the game. If from any cause during the game play should be suspended each player shall refrain from touching or knocking the ball. 68 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Upon the beginning of play the visiting club shall take the goal nearest the entrance to the surface. No player shall wear any extra appliances larger than the ordinary size, such as masks, shin pads, chest protectors, etc., to impede the progress of the ball. The shin pads of the goal tend shall not exceed 9 inches diameter. Any player violating this rule shall be ordered from the floor by the referee to make such changes as the referee may desire. I.n case a stick strap is broken the player must cease play until it is repaired or another stick secured. Failure to observe this shall entail the calling of a foul by the referee. The sound of the gong shall announce the close of each period. No player shall throw his stick at the ball or across the surface. Any player deliberately tripping or striking another shall be cautioned, and for a second offence during the same game, he shall be ordered from the surface for the remainder of the game. Any player engaging in a broil or altercation upon the surface may be immediately ordered from the surface and may be sus- pended or expelled. Any act by any player that is manifestly intended to injure a player, delay or obstruct the game or is contrary to the spirit of fair and honorable play shall subject the player to expulsion from the floor. If at any time during the game any player shall use abusive or insulting language or offer violence to any referee he may expel him from the floor. In case of any disturbance, unnecessary noise or interference with the game or the referee by any one else, the referee shall have the right to suspend the game until quiet is restored, or if necessary he may order the offending party or parties expelled from the rink. In case his orders are not complied with he may stop the game and award the game to the visiting club. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. National Rules Governing Fancy, Trick and Figure Skating V S — ^ Figure No. i — Outer edge roll forward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. vigiirc No. 2 — Inner edge roll forward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. Figure No. s — Outer edge roll backward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. Figure No. 4 — Inner edge roll backward on flat foot; toes; heels. Figure No. 5 — Change of edge forward, beginning either on inner or outer edge on flat foot; toes; heels. Figure No. 6— Change of edge backward, beginning either on inner or outer edge, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. Figure No. 7 — Figure 8 forward on flat foot; toe; heel. Figure No. 8 — Figure 8 backward on flat foot ; toe. Figure No. 9 — Various spins. Spins must not be reinforced after starting a spin. Figure No. 10 — Bracket circles. Change edge on flat foot ; toes. Figure No. 11 — Grapevines, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. Figure No. 12 — Promenade and two-step specialties, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. Figure No. 13— Lilac cut backward on flat foot and toes. 70 SPALDlIsG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Figure No. 14 — Forward and backward serpentine on flat foot; toe; heel Figure No. 15 — Bracket 8 on flat foot; toe. Figure No. 16 — Four crosses on flat foot. Figure No. 17 — Flying threes on flat foot ; toes. Figure No. 18 — Loops and ringlets on flat foot; on toes; on heels. Figure No. ig — Cross cuts and cut-offs; single and double circles; flat foot: toes. Figure No. 20 — Specialties. One foot forward ; toe ; heel. Figure No. 21 — Specialties on flat foot backward; on© toe; one heel, Figure No. 22 — General display of original and peculiar movements. Note. — In all figures the contestant must be able to do his figures to left foot as well as the right foot; also all movements scheduled in this program must be done on toes and heels as well as on the flat foot. In all contests the Amateur Athletic Union will govern, and they will have full power to appoint all judges and officials which may govern such contests, both amateur and professional. Scoring will be on the basis of 100 per cent, for each figure. As there are three parts to some of the figures each part will count 2>Z 1/3 per cent, as per e-ampk: Forward outer edge roll on flat foot counts ZZ 1/3 J on toe, 33 iJz', he^l. ;i:} 1/3; total, 100 per cent. CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS. CHAMPION E\RLE REYNOLDS SHOWING BACKWARD REVERSIBLE ONE-TOE SPIN. STARTING FIRST WITH A CORKSCREW SPIN. Photo by Hall. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEABI. FANCY SKATING— HOW TO BECOME AN EXPERT ROLLER SKATING. The following suggestions should be carefully adhered to in entering upon the practice of Roller Skating, and a thorough understanding of the preliminary steps should be acquired before attempting fancy or difficult movements. Learn one movement at a time and that one sufficiently well to be able to perform it at pleasure and without danger of falling. Overtasking the abilities will surely result in a tendency to acquire awkward habits. Have confidence in the ability to perform what you are about to undertake; avoid as well over-confidence or timidity, either one will make the novice appear ridiculous to spectators, A position of ease, natural and devoid of affectation should be cultivated, the body should be erect but without stiffness. The head should be held easily and slightly inclined backward. The body, though inclined slightly forward, should be quite erect ; the chest expanded and shoulders squared; avoid stooping or bending and endeavor to cultivate a carriage as elegant as the natural physique will allow. The arms should be held or swung naturally at the side, all stiff and awkward motions should be studiously avoided. The positions of the limbs should be well cultivated, a graceful carriage requires that they be kept nearly straight the greater portion of each stroke; the raised foot being held from the surface by a slight bending of the knee, barely enough to clear the skate from the floor. Avoid looking at the feet while skating, the attention should be directed towards some object on a line with the eyes. Start slow, fast movements are apt to result In awkward falls. Be satisfied with a gradual improvement and by acquiring ex CHAMPION EAELE REYNOLDS— STARTING OF FIGURE 8 ON ONE TOE, CUT EDGE. Photo by Hall- SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 76 perience the chances of falling, though sometimes unavoidable, will be greatly lessened. DRESS. As the body requires less clothing while exercising than when at rest, the skater should never be overburdened with wraps or overcoats. Any unusual change of dress is unnecessary, though ladies should not wear very long dresses nor hoop skirts. Never sit down nor stand in repose in the cold air when heat- ed, luiless extra clothing is put over the shoulders, and not even then when it can be avoided. High cut, broad heeled shoes or boots should be worn; under no circumstances should low cut, narrow or high heeled shoes be used. The skate should be selected with particular reference to the size of the foot ; the forward rollers being properly placed directly under the ball of the foot. SKATES. In the selection of skates the Spalding line as catalogued meets the requirements of the average skater, whether for rink or fancy skating. A very popular one being the new Spalding Rink Skate, all steel throughout. PRACTICE. To attain grace and perfection in skating a careful study of the . first movements and positions is very essential. Without such knowledge the mastery of the intricacies of the difficult movements will become a matter of considerable time and much unnecessary labor, and it is not at all unlikely that the move- ments thus learned will lack the graceful appearance so desirable in this pastime. In the following pages a clear, concise and well illustrated de- scription, showing as nearly as possible the relative positions of the feet, the curves to be described and the correct angle of each movement at the commencement of the step, is intended to take the place of the professional instructor. The important feature in the art of skating consists in a thor- ough understanding of the method of maintaining a perfect bal- CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS-STARTING ONE TOE SERPENTINE FORWARD AND REVERSING ON SAME TOE BACKWARD. EXECUTING SAME MOVEMENT. Photo by Hall. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77 ance in each movement; by practice the beginner intuitively gains the practical knowledge necessary to keep the body erect and in perfect equilibrium. Remember always that in skating the weight of the body must be mclined forward, enough so at least that the centre of gravity will be directly over the gliding foot; by observing this rule the chances of falls will be much lessened, particularly backward falls. The feet also should be well placed, and the proper angles taken; under these circumstances it will be hardly probable that the skates will go far astray. Careless ways should be carefully avoided; nothing is easier than to acquire an awkward style; nothing more difficult than to overcome it. The most usual faults are; — bent knees, high shoulders, waving arms and shuffling scratchy strokes with the feet. Long, clear and firm strokes with each foot, head well up, arms down, limbs straight and body erect are the points to be cultivated. COMBINATION SKATING. Skating in couples affords a most enjoyable means of execut- ing, not only the simple but the difficult movements, many of the figure movements being greatly improved by thus executing them. Skaters should faithfully practice those movements which will allow of skating with partners, at every favorable oppor- tunity. DANCING. Expert skaters will find no trouble in learning to waltz, or go through the movements of quadrilles on rollers. A thorough proficiency in the movements here given will enable the skater to acquire with comparative ease, the necessary steps for waltz- ing; the side glide, cut-off step, grapevine and scissor movements will afford excellent practice for this purpose. COMPLETE LIST OF MOVEMENTS PERFORMED ON ROLLER SKATES. The following list includes nearly all the movements and com- binations known to the best scientific skaters. They have been CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS-FLYING THREES ON ONE TOE, BOTH BACK AND FORWARD. MOST DIFFICULT FEAT KNOWN TO HUMAN BALANCE. Photo by HalL SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ?«) arranged by an expert for the special use of skilled roller skaters. In most instances the name will, in connection with the preced- ing descriptions, enable the reader to understand the manner in which each combination is executed. 1. Plain Roll, forward. 2. Plain Roll, backward. 3. Cross Roll, forward. 4. Cross Roll, backward. 5. Change Edge Roll, forward. 6. Change Edge Roll, backward. 7. Change Edge Cross Roll, forward. 8. Change Edge Cross Roll. l)ackward. 9. Inside Edge Roll, forward. 10. Inside Edge Roll, backward. 11. Long Roll, forward, outer edge. 12. Long Roll, backward, outer edge. 13. Long Roll, forward, inner edge. 14. Long Roll, backward, inner edge. 15. On to Richmond, forward. 16. On to Richmond, backward. 17. Polka Step, forward. 18. Polka Step, backward. 19. On to Richmond Polka, forward. 20. On to Richmond Polka, backward. 21. Polka with Side Glide Step. 22. Polka Step Double, forward. 23. Polka Step Double, backward. 24. Promenade Step Plain, forward. 25. Promenade Step Plain, backward. 26. Promenade Step with Turn Right. 27. Promenade Step with Turn Left. 28. Promenade Step with Turn Right and Left. 29. Promenade Step with Grapevine Twist. 30. Promenade Step with Philadelphia Twist. 31. Promenade Step with Figure Three, forward- 32. Promenade Step with Figure Three, backward JOHN F. DAVIDSON And his roller skating outfit, including 3-foot stilt skates (We are indebted to J. H. Symmons. photographer, for all the illustrations of Mr. and Mrs. Davidson shown in this book.) SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ^S. Promenade Step with Side Glide Step. 34. Promenade Step Standing Stih. 35, Promenade Step On Toes. S6. Promenade Step with Cut-Off Step. ^y. Side Step, glide right. 38. Side Step, glide left. 39. Side Step, glide right and left. 40. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, forward. 41. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, hackward. 42. Side Glide, circle right. 43. Side Glide, circle left. 44. Side Glide, circle with cut-off step. 45. Serpentine on Both Feet, forward. 46. Serpentine on Both Feet, backward. 4'/. Serpentine on Toes, forward. 48. Serpentine on Toes, backward. 49. Serpentine on Heels, forward. 50. Serpentine on Heels, backward. 51. Serpentine, right foot forward. 52. Serpentine, right foot backward. 53. Serpentine, left foot forward. 54. Serpentine, left foot backward. 55. Serpentine, one foot, change from forward to backward 56. Serpentine, One Toe forward. 57. Serpentine, One Toe with a Jump. 58. Grapevine Plain, right. 59. Grapevine Plain, left. 60. Grapevine Plain, double. 61. Grapevine On Toes, right. 62. Grapevine On Toes, left. 63. Grapevine On Toes, double. 64. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, right. 65. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, left. 66. Grapevine On Heels, right. 67. Grapevine On Heels, left. 68. Grapevine On Heels, double. 69. Grapevine, Single and Double with cut-off step. CLAIRE EL KEY SISTERS ZOE (7 years old) (H years old) STARTING OF TWO-STEP. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. g3 70. Grapevine, On Toes with one Toe Pirouette. 71. Grapevine, with Toe Whirl. ^2. Grapevine, with Heel and Toe Whiry. 'J2). Philadelphia Twist, half to the right. 74. Philadelphia Twist, half to the left. 75. Philadelphia Twist, Plain. "jd. Philadelphia Twist, Double. yj. Philadelphia Twist, with Figure Three. 78. Philadelphia Twist, On Toes, forward. 79. Philadelphia Twist, on Toes, backward, 80. Philadelphia Twist, On 'i'oes, double. 81. Picket Fence, to the right. 82. Picket Fence, to the left. 83. Picket Fence, with Promenade Step. 84. Picket Fence, with Side Glide Step. 85. Scissors Plain, right, forward. 86. Scissors Plain, left, forward. 87. Scissors On Toes, backward. 88. Scissors On Toes, forward. 89. Scissors On Heels, backward, 90. Scissors On Heels, forward. 91. Scissors On Toes, Philadelphia Twist. 92. Scissors Oil Toes, Double Philadelphia Twist 93. Scissors On Toes, Cork Screw Turn. 94. Scissors Figure Three and Toe Pirouette. 95. Scissors with Toe Whirl, 96. Scissors with Heel and Toe Whirl. 97. Mercury Three's, right and left. 98. Mercury Three's, left circle. 99. Mercury Three's, right circle. 100. Mercury with Grapevine Twist. Id. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, forward. 102. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, backward. 103. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, forward. 104. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, backward. 105. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, forward. J07. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Pirouette on Toe. HUMAN TOP SPIN ON TOES. SKATING A CORKSCREW SPIN TO LEFT. STARTING A ONE-FOOT EIGHT. FINISHING A CAKE-WALK PROMENADE ON TOES. BPALDINfrS ATHLETIC LIRRARY. 85 io8. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Cork Screw Turn. 109. Figure Eight, with Grapevine, no. Figure Eight, with Grapevine cut-off, inner edge. 111. Figure Eight, with Philadelphia Twist. 112. Figure Eight, with Philadelphia Twist, cut-off innei edge. 113. Figure Eight with Figure Three, outer edge. 114. Figure Eight with Figure Three, inner edge. 115. Figure Eight with Figure Three,, cut-off inner edge. 116. Figure Eight with Figure Three, Toe Pirouette. 117. Figure Eight with Figure Three, Heel Pirouette. 118. Figure Eight, one foot forward right. 119. Figure Eight, one foot forward left. 120. Figure Eight, one foot backward, right. 121. Figure Eight, one foot backward, left. 122. Figure Eight, one foot forward, with Pirouette. 123. Figure Eight, one foot half forward, half backward. 124. Figure Eight, one foot forward loop. 125. Figure Eight, one foot backward loop. 126. Figure Eight, on two toes, forward. 127. Figure Eight, on two toes, backward. 128. Figure Eight, on two toes, Corkscrew Turn or Ringle': 129. Figure Eight, on Toes, Grapevine Tur*-, 130. Figure Eight, on Heels, forward. 131. Spread Eagle Plain, right. 132. Spread Eagle Plain, left. 133- Spread Eagle on Toes, right. 134. Spread Eagle on Toes, left. 135. Spread Eagle on Heels. 136. Spread Eagle jump Pirouette in the air. 137. Spread Eagle change from right to left. 138. Spread Eagle light on heels. 139. Spread Eagle heel and toe, forward. 140. Spread Eagle, heel and toe, backward. 141. Spread Eagle with Philadelphia Twist Turn. 142. Spread Eagle with Grapevine Turn. T^^Mit - • ■£ fW^ML SrALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67 143. One Toe Glide, forward. 144. One Toe Glide, backward. 145. One Heel Glide, forward. 146. One Heel Gli(!e, backward. 147. One Toe C'.^le, change from forward to backwar 148. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the right. 149. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the left. 150. Whirl or Spin on Toes, right. 151. Whirl or Spin on Toes, left. 152. Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, right. 153- Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, left. 154. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, right. 155. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, left. 156. Single Toe Whirls. 157. Heel and Toe Split, forward. 158. Heel and Toe Split, backward. 159. Heel Split. 160. Lap Foot Circle, right, forward. 161. Lap Foot Circle, left forward. 162. Lap Foot Circle, right, backward. 163. Lap Foot Circle, left, backward. 164. Serpentine, heel and toe, forward. 165. Serpentine, heel and toe, backward. 166. Serpentine, with flying threes, forward. 167. Serpentine, with flying threes, backward. 168. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, forward. 169. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, backward. 170. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Grapevine. 171. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Philadelphia Twist. 172. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Figure Three Twist 173. Cross Roll Promenade, forward. 174. Cross Roll Promenade, backward. 175. Philadelphia Twist with crouch toe pivot. 176. Philadelphia Twist on toes with Grapevine, 177. Flying Threes outer edge. 178. Flying Threes inner edge. 179. Ringlets, right. PROF. AND MRS. RApiOND MAYER. OF NEW YORK. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBUAIti:. i8o. Ringlets, left. i8i. Ringlets, with toe pivot. 182. Grapevine with heels spread. 183. Loops with Grapevine Twist. 184. Loops with Philadelphia Twist. 185. Side Glide Eights. 186. Scissors with heel split. 187. Cross Roll, forward, on toes. 188. Cross Roll, backward, on toes. 189. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, forward. 190. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, backward. 191. The Box or Square Movement, right. 192. The Box or Square Movement, left. 193. The Box or Square Movement with Three's. 194. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, right. 195. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, left. 196. Serpentine Eight, toe pivot, right and left continuou. 197. Figure Eight toe Pirouette, right and left. 198. Eight one foot Pirouette in air, alight on same foot 199. Waltz Circle, Grapevine TwMst, right. 200. Waltz Circle, Grapevine Twist, left. 201. Mercury, backward, with cut-off step. 202. Mercury, with Philadelphia Twist. 203. Serpentine, one foot with Pirouette. 204. Scissors Cross, backward, right. 205. Scissors Cross, backward, left. 206. Hop Promenade Step, single. 207. Hop Promenade Step, double. 208. Spread Eagle Serpentine, flat foot. 209. Spread Eagle Serpentine, on heels. 210. Eight with double cross pivot, forward. 211. Eight with double cross pivot, backward. PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. RINK RULES if The following rules were arranged for one of the largest rinks in the country. It would be well for rink managers to have a number of them printed on card-board and placed in conspicuous places in the rink. 1. Skating begins at one stroke of the gong, and ceases at two strokes of the gong. 2. No smoking allowed in or about the premises, except in the smoking room. 3. Gentlemen will not soil the floor with tobacco ; others will not be permitted to do so. 4. Crowding, loud talking or other rude or noisy demonstra- tions, are forbidden. 5. No one should stand, even for a moments on the skating surface, or so as to obstruct the entrance to the place, or the view of others. 6. In putting on skates, see that the buckles are upon the outside of the foot. 7. Never cross the skating surface in passing to or from a seat; always follow the direction of the skaters. 8. Spitting or throwing any substance upon the skating sur- face is dangerous, and will not be permitted. 9. Going up or down stairs with skates on is dangerous and strictly prohibited. ID. No stick, cane, string, or other similar article, should be taken on the floor. 11. In skating around the circuit, all will observe a uniform direction, taking great care never to interfere with the move- ments of others. 12. No skater should stop, even for an instant, in the circuit, except to assist a lady. PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 93 13. Pushing, tripping, racing, tagging or taking hold of oth- ers' garments, or any rude or dangerous actions, are strictly forbidden. 14. Most falls occur from the feet being parallel with each other, or nearly so, as in this position one foot cannot check the movement of the other; hence, before attempting to stand upon the skates, the beginner should place the heels together, with the feet at right angles, in which position they should always be, while getting up, sitting down, or standing upon skates. 15. Skating by four or more than two together, should be avoided, while skating in couples should be practiced as much as possible, by all sufficiently advanced, as there is no other way in which a lady and gentleman can make so graceful an appear- ance. 16. On removing the skates please return them to the skate room, with the heel strap of one skate buckled and tucked firmly into the buckle of the other skate to prevent mismating. 17. A cheerful compliance with the above, and a careful re- gard for the comfort and enjoyment of others, is respectfully requested. 18. None but those known, or supposed by the management to be acceptable to a majority of the patrons, will be admitted and furnished with skate«. 94 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. PROGRAMME FOR SKATING CONTESTS jT 1. Plain Forward and Backward Movement. 2. "Lap Foot," as field step and cutting circle. 3. Outer Edge Roll, forward. 4. Outer Edge Roll, backward. 5. Inner Edge Roll, forward. 6. Inner Edge Roll, backward. 7o Cross Roll, forward. 8. Cross Roll, backward. 9. Change of Edge Roll, forward, beginning either on outei or inner edge. 10. Change of Edge Roll, backward, beginning either on outer or inner edge. 11. (a) "On to Richmond:" /. e., cross one foot in front of the other, and with back stroke outside edge go backward or forward. (J?) Reverse "On to Richmond :" i. e., going forward by forward outer ^Ag^ strokes given alternately behind each foot. 12. "Locomotive :" forward, backward, sideways, single and double. 13. Waltz Step. 14. Spread Eagle, inner and outer edges. 15. Figure Threes (a), beginning inner or outer edge. On field and in eight. Including "Flying Threes." (Z?) Double Threes, beginning outer or inner edge. 16. Grape Vines, including "Philadelphia Twist," etc. 17. Toe and Heel Movements, embracing pivot circle, toe spins Cjbirouettes) , and movements on both toes, etc. SPALDING'S ATHLBTIO LIBRARY. 95 i8. Single Flat Foot Spins, and Double Foot Whirls. 19. Serpentine (a), single foot forward and backward, right and left. (b) following feet, forward and backward, right and left In "Two Foot Eight." 20. Figure Eight on one foot, forward. 21. Figure Eight on one foot, backward. 22. Change of Edge, single and double. 23. One Foot Loops, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- bination. 24.0ne Foot Ringlets, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- bination. 25. Specialties, embracing original and peculiar movements. 26. General display of combined movements at the option of the contestant. Sl'AI-DINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. t About Rink Management ^ V -^ Presuming that the rink proprietor has purchased his equip- ment of Spalding Rink Roller Skates, which are warranted to be the best and most satisfactory rink skates ever made, the next most important matter is the floor for the rink. -^ Those who have had experience and really know what is ^N correct in the way of a rink floor advise that a good floor be laid by experienced men and under no circumstances attempt to save a few dollars at the expense of quality. Maple or birch, 3 to 3>2 inches wide, tongue, and groove, is what most of the best rinks have used for their floors and in laying the floor it is recommended to commence at the ends and corners, although some rinks are built with the boards running lengthwise as much as possible and starting from the middle to lay them. When it comes to laying the boards at the corners they should be ar- ranged so that the skating is never against the grain. The de- sign shown below will give a rough idea of about how this ii usually done. The direction of the skating should be changed frequentl}^ as it is not advisable to have the people skating always in the SrAI.I>IN(;-S ATIILHTIC l.II'.KARY. 97 same direction. If they do it is not long before the adjusting rubbers on the skates become worn on one side and the skates will not rmi even. It is better to arrange matters so that at a given signal, say one stroke of the gong, all skating should stop, and then at two strokes of the gong, skating recommences in the opposite direction. In this manner, reversing the direction of the skating at least every half hour, the skates are kept trued up, so that they will always run even and consequently give better satisfaction. No fast skating should be allowed during regular sessions. It has been found that the best hours for regular sessions are from 10:30 to 12 noon, from 2:30 to 5:30 P. M., and from 7:30 to 10:30 P. M. The charge for admission covers a wide range. In some places as low as 10 or 15 cents and so on from 25 or 50 cents to a subscription arrangement, where a skating club will hire a rink for a certain number of nights during a season and charge each member a certain amount as a subscription. In some cases an extra charge is made for the use of the skates, in others it is included in the admission, but in whatever way it may be arranged it is well for the rink proprietor to always cater to the best people in his locality and to discourage and, in fact, prevent the attendance of any who are rough or disorderly. A special feature, which has proven popular with many roller skating rinks, is to have a Saturday forenoon and afternoon session for ladies and children. The means provided by rink proprietors for adding to the in- ' terest are many and varied. In one town the rink proprietor arranged with a couple of professional skaters to give an ex- hibition of dancing on roller skates and they instructed a num- ber of patrons of the rink so that they could dance the two-step on skates. In another town the rink manager arranged for a drawing each week, the prizes being a pair each of ladies' and gentlemen's Spalding Rink Roller Skates. The tickets, of course, were numbered and the holder of the lucky ticket was presented at the end of the week with a pair of skites. In other places masquerades have been arranged, even to the extent of getting 98 SPALDINOS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. up on quite an ambitious scale a regular Mardi Gras. Relay races have been arranged and pursuit races also, in the latter, two contestants, one starting from either side of the rink, the winner of course being the one who caught up with the other skater. In all rinks there should be a large gong bell and it is also well to arrange for a regular repair room which should be equipped with necessary tools for repairing skates, such as pincers, pliers, hammers, screwdrivers, etc. The petty repairs, such as putting on nuts that come loose and oiling skates, can be done at the counter where the skates are given out. In case of a skate being bent it is a very simple matter to put the end in a vise and pull it into place. The more serious repairs, such as putting on carriers and axles, replacing ball bearings, etc., should be done in the repair room. As a rule skates should be died once or twice in a session, sometimes it is not necessary, but they certainly should be oiled either just before or after each session if they are to give the best service. As to music there is of course no settled rule, in some rinks they have a full brass band, in others they are content with a few pieces, and in one of the most successful rinks they have a mechanical musical instrument set up in the middle of the floor and run by an electric motor. It is not intended that the particulars we have specified above relating to the management and equipment of a roller skating rink shall be taken or understood as being absolutely rigid in application to rinks in various parts of the country, but we, have endeavored to cover in this article a few points that are gen- erally left out of most advertising matter relating to the equip- ment of a rink, and we believe that some of the points in this article will be found of use to those who are thinking about starting a rink and are in doubt as to just how to go about it SPALDIXC'S ATITI KTir I.IRRAKY. 99 f \ About Rink Roller Skating We want to sa}- a few words to you about rink skates and when we refer to rink skates we do not mean some makeshift style adapted from an ordinary sidewalk skate, but instead a skate as much different in every essential particular from the sidewalk skate as the improved "safety" bicycle was from the old "high" wheel. The sidewalk skate is suitable for children and it has its place, but in a rink patronized for the most part by grown people, the skate that is to give really satisfactory service must be built specially to conform to rink conditions. The Spalding Rink Roller Skate is designed to meet the de- mand for a satisfactory skate for rink use. First of all, it is built so that it will run smoothly without rattle or shake and the hangers are arranged to give the skater the necessary amount of freedom he requires to take corners easily. Then the skate has a solid footplate, well braced to make it able to withstand all kinds of use and abuse. It does not matter whether the skater weighs one hundred or ihree hundred pounds, the skate is equally suitable and satisfactory, because the steel construc- tion does not weigh any more than the clumsy adjustable ar- rangements on many sidewalk skates and the improved methods of construction make possible greater speed and more pleasure for the skater be he large or small. Now in regard to the perforated ball bearing steel rolls, with which practically all Spalding Rink Roller Skates are equipped. These rolls, it is needless to say, are the most durable of any and they give the best satisfaction to the skater also. The per- forated steel rolls are constructed on the same principle as a wagon or carriage wheel, with a perforated flange resting on the axle at the center of the wheel and meeting the rim in the center, thus making certain that the roll will run true and easy and not wobbly like a barrel as would be the case if the per- 100 SPALL-IXuS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. forated flange was divided into two and not centered, as it is. Furthermore, the wheels fit snugly against the dust caps. The cases are made of tool steel, the ball cups are like those on a bicycle wheel, all grooved and inserted in the wheel positively true and there is a brace running through the wheel which pre- vents the cup from becoming loose and saves the annoyance of rattling after the skate has been used for any length of time. We describe in this detailed way the construction and equip- ment of the rolls with which we are fitting Spalding Rink Roller Skates because it is upon the rolls that the SKater really depends for the enjoyment he gets out of the sport, and the saying in regard to the worthlessness of a horse without good hoofs is just as true in reference to skates equipped with rollers that are not satisfactory. There are a few more points about the Spalding Rink Roller Skates that are worthy of note and, as they increase the effi- ciency of the skate they should be interesting to the prospective purchaser. In order to make certain that there are no defects in the material from which the footplates of the skates are made, they are constructed from cold drawn steel, thereby avoiding the possibility of a bad accident on account of a footplate breaking and furthermore the truss arrangement under the footplate strengthens it even more and makes certain that it will not be- come loose, even after much use. Then the heads of the clamp screws are case hardened so that the edges will not turn, and making it unnecessary to replace them, even after considerable use, and the heel strap is reinforced with material to add to its durability. All these points in regard to the construction of the Spalding Rink Roller Skates you will notice after examination, and you will also note that the adjustment of the hanger is such that it is possible to secure the full benefit of the rubber by tightening the nut as the rubber becomes smaller after much use — this also prevents rattling and it is something that is not possible where there is no bolt and nut adjustment, as there is on the Spalding Rink Roller Skate. SPALUINGS ATHLETIC LIIiKARY. 101 In the old days of rink roller skating there was hardly a town of any size in the United States that did not maintain a rink. Thousands made fortunes in the business and many who waited too long before starting and were left with rinks on their hands did not realize the profits they had anticipated. How- ever, it is a fact that many towns owe their possession of a well-built opera house or other amusement place to-day to the rink roller skating "craze" of over twenty years ago. If we are to judge the signs of the times we are in for another "craze," if we may so term it, just as extensive, if not more so, than the old one, and to-day, with improved mechanical skill, the sport promises even more pleasure for the present generation than it was responsible for in the old days. Roller skating conducted properly is a good sport, a healthy exercise, and anyone who has watched the skaters in a rink realizes why roller skating is recommended for many as a certain method of building up weak physiques, while it is claimed that the motion acts as a tonic on the system generally. To those who skate no word of commen- dation or approval is required, for to them is given the realiza- tion of all that a graceful figure and correct carriage really means. Thousands of people, young and old, have taken up roller skating within the past couple of years and many thou- sands more will take it up within the next few years, without doubt. To all of these thousands the enjoyment that will come to them on account of the activity which roller skating imposes will add without doubt to their lease of life and, taken up in the proper spirit, it should be the means of making them better and more likeable men and women. OFFICIAL RULES FO R ALL ATHLETIC SPORTS. The following- list contains the Group and the Number of the book of Spalding's Athletic Library in which the rules wanted are contained. See front pages of book for complete list of Spalding's Athletic Library. Event. All-Round Athletic Cham- pionship A. A. U. Athletic Rules .... A. A. U. Boxing Rules A. A. U. G5'mnastic Rules.. A. A. U. Water Polo Rules. A. A. U. Wrestling Rules. . . Archery Badminton Base Ball Indoor Basket Ball, Official Collegiate Women's Water Basket Goal Bat Ball Betting Bowling Boxing— A. A. U., Marquis of Queensbury, London Prize Ring Broadsword (mounted) Caledonian Games Canoeing Children's Games Court Tennis Cricket Croquet Curling Dog Racing Fencing Foot Ball Code of Rules Association (Soccer) English Rugby Canadian Golf Golf -Croquet Hand Ball Hand Polo Hand Tennis Hitch and Kick Hockey Ice Field Garden Lawn Parlor Ring Ontario Hockey Ass'n Indoor Base Ball Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. . I.-C. Gymnastic Ass'n Lacrosse U. S. I.-C, Lacrosse League No. Event. Lawn Bowls Lawn Games Lawn Tennis Obstacle Races Olympic Game Events— Mar- athon Race, Stone Throw- ing with Impetus, Spear Throwing, HellenicMethod of Throwing Discus, Dis- cus, GreekStylef or Youths Pigeon Flying Pin Ball Playground Ball Polo (Equestrian) Polo, Rugby Polo. Water (A. A. U.) Potato Racing . Professional Racing, Shef- field Rules Public Schools Athletic League Athletic Rules Girls' Branch ; including Rules for School Games. Push Ball Push Ball, Water Quoits Racquets Revolver Shooting Ring Hockey Roller Polo Roller Skating Rink Roque Rowing Sack Racing Shuffleboard Skating Skittles Snowshoeing Squash Racquets Swimming Tether Tennis Three- Legged Race Volley Ball Wall Scaling Walking Water Polo (American) Water Polo (English) Wicket Polo Wrestling Y. M. C. A. All-Round Test. Y. M. C. A. Athletic Rules. . Y. M. C. A. Hand Ball Rules, Y.M.C.A. Pentathlon Rules, Y.M.C.A. Volley Ball Rules, KtHte THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK "^rLTTf S PA L D I N G Plain Bearing ROLLER SKATES ( Patent Oct. 19, 1909 ) ^ Spalding Plain Bearing Roller Skates have sliding- rod adjustment and are equipped tvith patent non- slipping or skidding rollers. Frame of skates made of cold-rnlled steel. Rollers of special grade (hammer-head, non-chipping) steel. c>cyi» Cats of Rollers ased on Spalding Plain Bearing Skates No. I . Men's, adjustable from 10 to 11% inches. Clamp toe. single strap heel. Plain steel finish. . Per pair, $1 .50 No. 3. Boys', adjustable from 7^ to 9% inches. Clamp toe, single strap heel. Plain steel finish. Per pair, $1 .50 No. 2. Ladies', adjustable from 10 to ll'i inches Clamp toe, solid leather cup heel. Plain steel finish. . .- . ... Per'pair, $l.60 No. 4. Misses', adjustable from 7% to 9% inches. Clamp toe, solid leatbejj cup heel. Plain steel finish. . .'. . , Per pair, * 1. 60 EXTRA ROLLERS FOR SPALDING PATENT ROLLER SKATES No. SBB. Ball Bearing Rollers for Spalding Patent Roller Skates ; Nos. 100 to 400 and 10 to 40 ■ inclusive , /Jff. '^. Each, 20c. No. SP.' Plain Bearing Rollers for Spalding Patent Roller Skates; Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. /^^'. I Oc. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Sdcw iasff^t Januasi^SjLSLO^ Subject (e ihange WtfAflU/ aQli(A Fo' Canadian igttjai Canadian Catalegue, faUHESPALDING(tJ)TRADE-MARKT2f SiPAiniN(^ PATENT BALL BEARING ^JJi- il.ljJLrI.ll\l J^^^ (Patent Oct. 19, 1909) ROLLER SKATES FEATURES OF BALL BEARING ROLLER SKATES Slidins-rod ad- justment makes more, rigid and lighter weight than ordinary adjustable skates. Corrugated (non-slipping) rollers (patented). The corrugation on rollers make the skates practically non-slipping or skidding, the rollers are aho lighter and stronger than the ordinary ball bearing style. Tempered steel ball bear-. ings. Frames of skates, cold-rolled steel. Rollers, special grade {hammer head, non-chipping) steel. Cats ol Rollers nsed on Spalding Ball Bearing Skates No- I OO. Men's, adjustable from 10 to 11*2 in. Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp toe, single strap heel. . ' Per pair, 84. OO No. 300. Boys', adjustable from 7*^ to 5?^ in. Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp toe, single strap heel. . ' . . - ■ Per pair, S4.00 No. I O. Men's, similar to Ndu 100, but plain white nickel-plated and not polished. S3.00 No. 30. Boys', similar to No, 300, but plain white nickel-plated and not polistted. $3.00, No. 200. Ladies', adjustable from 10 to 11% inches. Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp toe. Solid leather cup heel. Per pair, $4.00 No. 400. Misses', adjustable from T'-i to 9\ inches. Nickel-plated and polished. Clamp toe. Solid leather cup heel. Per pair, $4.00 No. 20. Ladies', similar to No. 200, but plain white nickel-plated and not polished. $3.00 No. 40. Misses.', similar to No. 400, but plain white nickel-plated'and not polished. $3.00 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS AODRESSEO TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK !EricM ineffecl January 5, 1310^ ^ubiaUdshange viUhout nutioe . For Canad ian frices see speiial Canadian Catalogue. S THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK "^rrr ipalding 'olo sticks aiding " Rink Polo." ck is made of the best fi d most carefully .se-^ ted material from ''^ ;terns furnished the "Chan insof America, ch stick care' ly inspected i guaranteed iform i ight ance No. O. The Spalding Rink Polo Stick. EachSI.OO No. AA. The Spalding Polo Stick, made of. finest second growth hickory, wound handle with grip. ' "Each, 75c. JMo. A. "League" Polo Stick, selected second growth hickory, handsomely finished. Each, 50c. No. B. "Standard" Polo Stick, selected' second growth ash, nicely finished. . . ' Each, 26c. No. C. "Junior Each, I Oc. | No. D. Boys''. 5c. Spalding Official Polo Bail Made of the very best material, according to official rules. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, put in separate bo.x and sealed. __'-^' No. I . "Officiar'ISJ ..OO 2. "Practice." Each', .25 3. Rubber , ,IO Patent Combined Stiin and Knee Guard (Patent Applied for) No. 6. This Guard is made with barbette piece of fiber, shaped to form of leg, spe- cial padding at knee cap, and sole leather formed knee protector. It e.xtends down over ankles and is meant to be worn under stocking. Enthusiastically approved by the most prominent players.g_ " "Pair, $5.00 Eyeglass Protector lor Roller PoFo Made of strong annealed wire. Nicely padded and a thorough protection for eyeglasses or spectacles. Each, $2.00 Spalding Polo Goal Cages Regulation size and style, complete with net. Fur- nished with slop- ing board in front, so that ball can roll up into the cage. Pair. $46. OO. Complete assortment of : styles Supporters and Suspensories listed on Page 42 ol this catalogue. See Pages 105 and tSS lor Leg ( suitable lor Polo, and Page 54 lor Pants. ^o. 6 CnnlHino- Rinlr Rnl1«*i* dfat«><$ These Skates are made lor rink use, but are very satisfactory also lor pavc- Spaiaing HinK nOlier S^^aieb ^^^, ^^^^^^ ^,^,^^, co^,„rtion. well-braced loot plales; adjustable axle ijers that can never work loose nor rattle; case-hardened head on clamp bolts ; reinforced back straps ; tempered steel ball bearings fitted witb ^ rubber cushions to take up all jar. WOMEN'S-Steel Rollers ys. MEN'S -Steel Rollers ted with Perforated Ball Bearing rl Rollers. The most durable anji satisfactory of any. P. For men and Bright finish. , 8'i, 9, 9'o, 10, s 11, 11'^, 12 inch t plate. $4.50 MEN'S -Fiber Rollers ted with Special Wood Fiber Ball iring Rollers. Will wear well and always run true^ P. For Men and ^s. Bright finish. 3s. 8, 8's, 9, 9';i, 10, 11, lUi. 12 inch S5.00 plate. Fitted with Perforated Ball Bearing Steel Rollers. The most durable and satisfactory of anv^ No. PL. For Women and Girls. Bright finish. Sizes: 8, 8'^, 9, 9?s, 10, 10*^ inch footplate. $4.50 WOMEN'S-Fiber Rollers Fitted with Special Wood Fiber Ball Bearing Rollers. Will wear well and always run true. No. PL. For Women and Girls. Bright finish. Sizes: 8, S'i 9, 9V., 10, 10*^ inch foot plate. $5.00 RELATIVE SIZES OF SHOES AND RII VK SKATES Size of S kat e. ■■■ I Sin. |8 Men's size ol SHOE. . .^H,2|2 .,,,,, Women's size ol SHOE. .112,1,1' 2.2! 3,3' 4,41 I 5,5 ', in. 9in.l 9 '. in.| 10 in. |10Ain. 5,3^Tri4,4A;5 51,6,6!|7,7^ 6,6i ^^^m EXTRA ROIXERS FOR SKATES (BAIX BEARING) '-^ "^ No S. All steel ball bearing perforated Skate Roller, same as used on Nos. P ORATED sTEa and PL Skates ., ' xt ' -d ' ^ t>t oi fi^' F. Wood fiber ball bearing Skate Roller, same as used on Nos. P and PL Skates. , - - Each. 30c. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TQ ,^ANr COMMUNICATIONS ^ ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE IHSlDf FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK ■Erics* insffeft January 5, 191 Q,, Subject to change wUhou! nWce. Fqr^Canadiqn griixs jfe igeoial C^nadioR Caltlfigu^ ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE imm GUARANTEE QUALITY j Spalding 'Tlayground" BaUs oJkD *CAe Rational T^layground Ball Association of America has adopted the Spalding Balls No 12PB and No. MPB as official. These are made with horse hide cover and are specially wound, so that, while soft to the feel, they will continue to hold their shape after considerable use. CrV^ 12-inch "Olficial" Playground Ball The i2-inch ball is used where there is a large playing space, and makes an ideal ball for general recreation purposes and for games at picnics, outings, etc., where the players on account of lack of ex- perience or practice, might not wish to use a hard ball. Guaranteed to last a game. No. 12PB. Each, $1.00 14-inch ''Official" Playground Ball The 14-inch ball is used where the playing space is limited in size. As the ball cannot be batted very far, it is possible, by using the large size, to improvise ball grounds in a space that would be simply out of the question for the ordinary game. Guaranteed to last a game. No. 14PB. Each, $1.00 9-incli Playground Ball This ball is used on many of the municipal playgrounds, where on account of the youth of the players, the larger sizes would not be suitable. No. 9PB. Each, $1.00 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORB ^SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK fincej VLiffect January 5j L9Wt^ Suh jed to cha nge wiibavl no(ice. _f o£. Ca^ft^'te JO'IKJ J«e4fiecia/ Canadian Calajfigue. St11?e THE SPALDING Si QUALITY .011 Spalding "Playground" BaD Bats PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 10 ANf COMMUNICATIONS ADDBESSEDTOyS Spalding Regulation Bats. Made of selected second growth hickory in the best models. Handle wrapped with electric tape to prevent slipping. No. O. Each, 50c- Spalding Regulation Bat. Same as No. 0, except handle and end not wrapped. No. 2. Each, 40c. Spalding Catchers' Protector Well padded. Straps to go over shoulders and around waist. No. I A. Each, $2.00 '-1^0= A. G.SPALDING & BROS STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES n_e^eit January 5, 1910. Subject to ihatuic withuut nuULe. lor C ij>tuul Lariadian CataJfj^ue. StBtUHE SPALDING TRADE-MARK GUARANTEEI QUALITY! Spalding All-Steel Playground Apparatu Acknowledged as the Standard. Specified and purchased by practically all Municipal Park and Playgfround Commissions in America. » *., -SPALDING PLAYGROUND APPARATUS IS USED IN 1 Alameda, CeL Allegheny, fa. Daylon, 0. Kentlield, Cal. Naugatuck, Ct. Pittsburg. Pa. Somerville, Mass. 1 Denver, Col. Lancaster, Pa. Newark, N. J. Pocatello, Idaho St. Lonls. Mo Ashburnham, Mass Dongan Bills, N. Y. Leavenworth, Kan. New Brunswick, N. J. Polk, Pa. Summit, N. J. BalUmore, Md. East Orange, N. J. Lexington, Ind. New Haven, Ct. Portland, Me. llUca. N. Y. Walla Walla. Wash, i n. Washington, D. C. Bayonne, N. J. Forest Park, Md. Lockhart, Ala. New London, CI. Portland, Ore. BloomUeld. N. J. Ft. Plain, N. Y. Los Angeles, Cat New Paltz, N. V. Porto Barrios, S. Ai Boston, Mass. Ft. Wayne, Ind. Louisville, Ky. New York, N. Y. Pueblo, Col. WaleHown, Mass. Brooklyn, N. Y. Galesburg, ill. Lowell, Mass. Oakland, Cal. Reading, Pa. Watervleil, N. Y. 1 Bryn Mawr, Pa. Geneva, N. Y. Lynn. Mass. Omaha, Neb. Rochester, N. Y. Westfield, Mass. ! Bnlfalo, N. Y. Greeley, Col. Madison, N. J. Orange. N. J. Rye, N. Y. IWUkesbarre, Pa. j Calskill, N. Y. Hamilton, Onlario. Can. Melrose Mass. Oswego, N. Y. Sag Harbor, N. Y. 'Winnipeg, Man., Can. Chicago, Ul. Havana, Cuba Meridian, Miss. Pasadena, Cal. San Jose, Cal. Winlhrop, Mass. Cincinnati, 0. Hoboken, N. J. Milwaukee. Wis. Passaic, N. J. Seattle, Wash. Worcester, Mass. Cleveland, 0. Jersey City, N. J. Morrislown, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Springlield, Mass. YpsilanU. Mich. Dallas. Texas Kansas City, Mo. Nashville, Tenn. Correspondence Invited. Special Plans and Estimates on Reque A. G. SPALDING & BROS., Inc. Gymnasium and Playground Contract Department CHICOPEE» MASS, PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS^, ADDRESSED TO US * ' A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES IR COMPLETE LIST OF STORE SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK 'Bicei in egecl January 5,1910. 5uijec/ (o cAun^e without notice. ^For Canadian fricei^ s« social Canadian Catalogue. Stu?e THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK "^Kf Spalding New and improved Worsted JefSCy S Following sizes carried in stock regularly in all qualities: 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an advanced price. We allow two inches Jor stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes are marked accordingly. It is suggested, hoivever, that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit- Jerseys are bei.ig used more and more by base ball play- ers, especially for early Spring and late Fall games. The Spalding line includes a complete a sso rtm e nt of styles and qualities. STOrK rOI OP^ PLAIN COLORS-The Jollowing stock colors are supplied in O 1 VVli V/ULUII.1J our worsled jerseys (NOT Nos. 6 or 6X) al regular prices. Other colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 6 and 6X), 25c. each extra. Gray Scarlet Peacock Bine Purple Orange Cardinal Dark Green Yellow Black Navy Blue Olive Green Seal Brown White Royal Blue Irish Green Old Cktid Maroon Columbia Blue Pink Drab No. I P. Full regular made; that is, fashioned or knit to exact shape on the machine and then put together by hand, altogether different from cutting them out of a piece of material and sewing them up on a machine as are the majority of garments known as Jerseys. Special quality worsted. Solid stock colors Each, $4.50 No. I OP. Worsted, fashioned. Solid stock colors, " ^ac\\, $3.00 No. I 2P. Worsted; soli'cj stock colors. £ach, $2.75 No. 1 2XB. Boys' Jersey. ''Worsted. Fur- nished in sizes 26 to 36 inches chest measurement only. Solid stock colors only. No special orders. Each, $2.00 We ivill furnish any of the above solid color Jerseys, SPECIAL NOTICE {except Nos. 6 and 6X) with one color body and another color {.not striped) collar and cuffs in stock colors only at no extra charge. Spalding Cotton Jerseys No. 6. Cotton, good quality, fashioned, roll collar, full length sleeves. Colors: Black, Navy Blue, Gray and Maroon only- OEach, S i .OO No. 6X. Cotton, same as No. 6, but with striped sleeves in following combinations only : Navy with White or Red stripe ; Black with Orange or Red stripe; Maroon with White stripe. . Each. $ 1 .25 Woven Letters, Numerals or Designs We weave into cur test grade Jerseys, No. IP, LeUers, Numerals and Designs in special colon as desired. Prices quoted on application. Designs submitted. PRICES SUBJECT TO ADVANCE WITHOUT NOTICE PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK "prices in e^ecl January 5, 1910. Subject to change Without notice. For Canadian prices fee special Canadian Catajpgu StSUHE SPALDING SPALDING JACKET SWEATERS CTi\rU fAI ADC PI/AIN COLORS— All Spalding Sweaters are supplied in any of the following sto. •J 1 ULli LULUKiJ colors at regular prices. Other colors to order only In any quality 50c. each exti CRAY WHITE OICANGE MAROON BLACK SCARLET SPECIAL NOTICE-We will furn color (not striped) collar and cuffs OLIVE GREEN PURPLE OLD CON IRISH GREEN YELLOW DRAB PINK SEAL BROWN h any of the solid color sweaters mentioned below with one color body and aneth 1 stock colors only at no extra charge. This does not apply to the No. 3JB Boys' Sweat CARDINAL NAVY BLUE ROYAL BLUE COLUMBIA BLUE PEACOCK BLUE DARX GREEN Sizes 28 to U inch chest measurement. We allotv four inches for stretch in all our sweaters, and sizes a marked accordinghj. It is suggested, hoivever, that for very heavy men a size about tiuo inches larger th coat measurement he ordered to insure a comfortable fit, BUTTON FRONT No. VG. Best quality worsted, heavy V eight, pearl buttons. Made in regu- lar stock colors^also in Dark Browu Mixture. ' ,' Each, S7.00 No. DJ. Fine worsted, standarc \\ eight, pearl buttons, fine knit edging Made in regular stock colors, also in > -nge Gray. , " Each, S6.00, Mo. 3J. Standard weight wool. Shaker i ^nit, pearl buttons. In stock colors. ; Each, $5. CO WITH POCKETS No. VGP. Best quality worsted, heavy weight, pearl buttons. In stock colors. With pocket on either side and a particularly convenient and popular stvlefor golf players. Each, S7.50 So. VG. Showing special trir '>ing and cuffs supplied, if desired, • jacket sweaters at no extra charj( Spalding Special Base Ball Sweater^ No. CDW. Good quality worsted, ribbed knit. In stock colors. Special trimm^ edging and cuffs in stock colors supplied at no extra charge. Each, $5.JB Boys' Jacket Sweater No. 3JB. This is an all wool jacket sweater, with pearl buttons; furnished only in sizes from 30 to 36 inches chest measurement. In stock colors. . . Each, S3.50 Spalding Ladies' Sweaters Knit in the Spalding athletic stitch of best quality long fibre worsted; full fashioned to shape of body on special machine and finished by hand. Cuffs, pocket and edging of special stitch. Good quality pearl buttons. Patch pockets. Attractive in appearance and, being properly made, they fit well and give satisfactory wear. Fur- nished in regular stock colors. No. LDJ. Ladies' Sweater, regular button front. , "\Each, $8. CO No. LWJ. With special reversible collar, as on our Men's No. WJ Automobile Sweater. Each, $ I O . O O . PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO m COMMUNICATIONS AODRESSEO TO US A. G; SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES OMPltTE LIST Of STOREJi INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK •pJites in cgccl January 5,1910. Subject lu change uiilhoul no/icc. Fur Canadian firiccs see special Canadian Calalcgue. sSbSe THE SPALDING Spalding Coat Jerseys Following sizes carried in slock regularly in ail qualilies : 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an advanced orice. We alloiv two inches for stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however, that for very heavy men a size about two inches larger than coat measurement he ordered to insure a comfortable fit. STOCK COLORS < ■ Peacock Blue Olive Green Pink Yellow Old Gold Dark Green Irish Green Purple Seal Brown Drab Gray Black Maroon. Cardinal Royal Blue Orange White Scarlet Navy Columbia Blue PLAIN COLORS — The above slock colors are supplied in our worsted jerseys (NOT Nos. 6 or 6XJ al regular orices. 3Uier colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 6 or 6X) 2Sc. each extra. STRIPES AND TRIMMINGS— Supplied as specified in any ol the above stock colors ( not more than two colors in any garment ) at regular prices. OUier colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 6 or 6X) 25c. each extra. The Spalding Coat Jerseys are made of the same worsted yarn from which we tnaiui- factureour better grade Jerseys, Nos. lOP and 12P, and no pains have been spared to turn them out in a well made and attrac- tive manner. Plain solid stock colors (not striped) or one solid stock color body and sleeves with different stock color solid trimming (not striped) on cuffs, collar and front edging. Pearl buttons No. I OC. Same grade as our No. lOP. Each. $3.50 No. I 2C. Same grade "as our No. 12P. ■Each, $3.00 No. I OCP. Pockets, otRerwise same as No. IOC. " Each, $4.25 3D DC Spalding Striped and V-Neck Jerseys Note list of stock colors above No. I OPW Good quality worsted, sarr grade as No. lOP, Solid stock color body and sleeves, with 6-inch stock color stripe around body. . . Each. $3.50 Nos. 10PW and 12PW No. I 2PW. Worsted; solid stock color body and sleeves with 6-inch stock color stripe around bod v. Each, $3.00 No. I OPX. Good quality worsted, fashioned ; solid stock color body, with stock color striped sleeves, usually alternating two inches of same color as body, with narrow stripes 'of any other stock color. Each, $3.50 Nos. 10PX l^o 12PV No. 1 2PV Worsted, solid stock colors, with V-neck instead of full collar as on regular jerseys. Each, S3.00 No. I2PX. Worsted, solid stock color body , with stock color striped sleeves, usually alternating two inches of same color as body, with narrow stripes of any other stock color. . , Each, $3.00 PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK f nc« in tJftU ]u A Canadian Cutahguc ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE m T GUARANTEE OUAUTY ATHLETIC SHIRTS^ TIGHTS AND TRUNl STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. Worsted Goods. Best QnaUty. We carry following colors regularly ir Black, Navy Blue and Maroon, in stock sizes Shirts, 26 to 44 in. chest. Tights, 28 to 42 in. waist. Other colors and sizes to order at special prices. Estimates on application. Oar No. 600 Line Worsted Goods. Furnished in Gray and White, Navy Blue, Maroon and Black only Stock sizes Sh^j 26 to 44 in. chest ; Tights. 28 to 42 in waist. 1 Sanltai7 Cotton Goods. Colors: Bleached White, Navy, Black, Maroon and GVay Stock sizes; 26 to 44 in chest Ti( " '^•^'''" ""''' Spalding Sleeveless Shirts No. I E. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Each, $3.00 No. 600. Cut worsted, stock colors and sizes. ..- " ** I.50 No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton, stock colore and sizes. . '* .50 Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts No. 600S. Cut Worsted, with 6-inch stripe around chest, in following com- binations of colors; Navy with White stripe; Black with Orange stripe; Maroon with White stripe; Red with Black stripe; Royal Blue wth_White stripe; Black with Red stripe; Gray with Cardinal stripe. •* Each, SI. 7 5 No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6-inch stripe around chest, in same combinations of colors as No. 600S. ■ . . - »» _ Each, 75c. Spalding Shirts with Sash No. 6ED. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, solid color .body with sash of differ- ent color. Same combinations of colors as N6. 600S. - - .Each, 75c. Spalding Quarter Sleeve Shirts :^ No. IF. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Each,'S3,00 No. 60 I . Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes. — — — " i .75 No. 6F. Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes. . '* .60 Spalding Full Sleeve Shirts No. 3D. Cotton, Flesh, White, Black. . . _ " — Each, S I .OO Spalding Knee Tights No. IB. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and I sizes. v« -^ Pair, «3. 2 5 I No. 60 4 . Cut Worsted, stock I colors and sizes. Pair, Si 1 . 5 Q. JNo. 4B. Sanitary Cotton, stock I colors and sizes. Pair. 50c. Spalding Full Length Tights [No. I A. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Pair, $4.50 No. 605. Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes. Pair, $2.50^ No. 3A. Cotton, full quality. White, Black, Flesh. ' Pair, $I.OO Spalding Worsted Trunks No. I . Best Worsted, Black, Maroon and Navy. ■ 'Pair, $2.5 O No. 2. Cut Worsted, N&vy and black. Special colors to order 'Pair, $1.25 No. IB Spalding Running Pants No. I. White or Black Sateen, fly front, lace back. Pair, $ 1 .25 No. 2. White or Black Sateen, fly front, lace back. ^air, $I.OO No.3. White or Black Silesia, fly front, lace back, Pr 7^5c No. 4. White, Black or Gray Silesia, fly front, lace back. Pair, 50c. Silk Ribbon. Stripes down sides of any of these running pants 25c. per pair extra Silk Ribbon Stripe around waist on any of tl running pants 25q per pair extra, Spalding Velvet Trunks No. 3. Fine Velvet. Colors: Black, Navy, Royal Blue, Maroon. Special colors to order. Pair, $l,.00 No. 4. Sateen. Black, White. Pair, 50c V JUVENILE SHIRTS, TIGHTS AND PANTS Ol^LY SIZES SUPPLIBD—Chest, 26^ to 30 inches, inclusive; Waist, 2h to 26 inches, inclusive E«CH ( No.66. Sleeveless Shirt, quality bf No. 600. $ 1 .26 I No.66. Quarter Sleeve Shirt, quality of No. 601. 9 1 N0.65S. Sleeveless Shirt, qualityofNo.600S .1 .50 I No.64. Knee Tights, quality of No. 604 _- I No. 44. , Running Pants, quality of No. 4. Pair, 45c. -^ ^ PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORI SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER ' OF THIS BOOK '£fic« iriejecl [anuury 5,1910., Suhjecljo change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalo/n THE SPALDING GUARANTEES QUALITY TRADE-MARK ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE Durand-Sleel] Lockers^ ^^, Wooden lockers are objectionable* because they attract vermin, absorb odors, can be easily broken into, and are dangerous on account of fire. Lockers made from wire mesh 6t expanded metal afford little secur* ity, as they can be easily entered with wire cut* , ters. Clothes placed in them become covered with dust, and the lockers themselves present a poor appearance, resembling animal cages. Durand-Steel Lockers are made of finest 8om6 grade furniture steel and are finished with Public gloss black, furnace-baked japan (400°), comparable to that used on hospital ware, which will never flake off nor require refinishing, as do paints and enamels. of thi 6,0 Durand-Steel Lockers Installed in th« Gymnasiums of Chicago. I2'x IB'x 42', Double Tier. Durand-Steel Lockers are usually built with doors perforated full length in panel design with sides and backs solid. This prevents clothes in one locker from coming in contact with wet garments in adjoining lockers, while plenty of venti- lation is secured by having the door perfo- rated its entire length, but, if the purchaser prefers, we perforate the backs also. #- The cost of Dnrand-Steel Lockers Is no more than that of flrst-class wooden lockers, and they last as long as the building, are sanitary, secure, and, in addition, are fire-proof. The following Standard Sizes are those most commonly used: double tier 12 X 12x36 Inch IB X IS X 36 Inch I2x 12x42 Inch ISx 10x42 Inch SINGLE TIER 12 X 12x60 Inch IB X IBx60 Inch 12 X 12x72 Inch IBx IBX72 inch •ta beoK«r« n single Tier Special Sizes made to order. We are handling lockers as a special con- tract business, and shipment will m every case be made direct from the factory in Chicago. If you will let us know the num- ber of lockers, size and arrangement, we shall be glad to take up, through sgrre- spondence, tho matter of pricea, PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDflESSEOTOUS A. G.SPALDING & BROS, STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEf INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK ejfed January 5,1910. Subject lo change without notice. For Canadian prices see special CalaU>gu ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE illiHJJI.IIM(#^JAMrl[imtm nCC. U.S. PAT. OF*. Spalding ''Official National League'' ncc. U.S-PA1 Ball Official fiall of the Game for over Thirty Years DOPTED by the National League in 1878, and the only ball used in Cham» pionship games since that time. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, packed in a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the latest League regula- tions. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordinary conditions. No. 1. Each» $1.25 tD Per Dozen, $15.0(1 ^^ PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER- OF THIS BOOK "BjiKS iniStit JanuaryJ, L9L0^ Sutfjecl t o change mtbQui mjfKfi. ~^ Fw_Sapo yfim>' vi.../% •■■ ■•;.<..,,:v-^-> . \"-«"': % *-^o^ .M^^«'- ■»*o<'^' o-,.->5sai:i^-. '^_^^^ ** i^ D0^3S BROS. s c*^ 2 Cf<^ LIBRARV aiNOINO J ^ '''ST. AUGUSTINE ^^ - H 32084 o\.i:,;:,-. °: -i* . ^..^' '^^^l^'-^^.c^' ..