cOt>-ej"rvjQ-»^i^->t_. § PlcMLu.^5U_xJLa (l . 'L Glass. Book. ADDRESS OF V REV. EBENEZER JENNINGS, DELIVERED AT PLAINFIELD, (Mass.) July 4, 1836. BEING THE SIXTIETH ANNIVERSA ^metCcan l^ntrepentrencr. S NORTHAMPTON: Jobn Metcalf... .Printer. 1836. 0> After the following address was delivered ; it was resolved " that the thanks of the assembly be presented to the Rev. Mr. Jennings, for his able, patriotic, and impartial address, and that a copy be requested for the press." - Col. Josiab Shaw, Elijah Clark, Esq. and Col. Jason Ricbardi^ wer« appointed a Committee to carry the same into effect. My Fellow Citizens, of the great Republic, I address you as such, on this interesting day. Should time and circumstances ever efface from the minds of distant coming generations, the recollections of this day, which gave birth to our nation, we certainly live too near it, to let it pass unobserved. While as yet, there are some standing here, who have "jeoparded their lives in the high places of the field," to gain our Indepen- dence ; we, as their sons and daughters, will not forget the day, — and for myself, there is one circumstance you will permit me to mention. 1 was a child, by birth, of '76. Nearly the same week of the declaration of Inde- pendence, I began to be rocked in the cradle of parental affection — at that moment, the cradle of American Liber- ty. And I can never forget the circumstance ; when the proclamation of" Peace" was issued, my father used to call in his little son, when the neighbors came in to greet him, and make him read that instrument before them ; gladdening his heart, that he had lived to see the day, when his children should quietly breathe the air of freedom. And, as if inwrought into my imagination by the circumstances of birth, the " clangor of arms" infest- ed my dreams. And at the age of 15, with quick and joyful steps, I made my way from the " land of steady habits," my native State, to place my feet on Bunker Hill ; and there, from some thirty hills, the forts and re- (ioubts " still keeping their place the same," enchanted the eye of youthful astonishment ; and nought on earth has ever yet filled the imagination with the same fullness of admiration and glory. — Ah ! and while those wasting mementos o^ the feorful flight of our enemies, are leveled to the plow, the proud Monument of Bunker Hill, rearing by the patriotism of the sons of freedom, shall tell through successive generations, the triumphant story of all the movements, under God, to the final victory, that " crown- ed the day." And now, when our "political bark" was thus launch- ed, on the tempestuous and uncertain, sea of liberty ; it would be but natural, that I should have kept my eye on her sails, her rigging and her movements ; though my spy-glass was but a little one. And I see — I see, for a long sixty years, she " outrides the storm." She has steered clear of the " rocks and the shoals ;" and although adverse winds have whistled through her rigging, and sometimes made a rent in her sails ; she yet rides in tri- umph in sight of the nations of the earth — and is it too much to say, a " spectacle to angels and to men." — Yes, she had her Washington at the helm, as wise, and as great, and as honest, in the Cabinet as in the Field ; around whom, the hearts of the people were gathered, interposing the breast-plate of their love, to the few shafts o( envy and jealousy, but now and then, shot from polluted hands. Peace — to his ashes, till the " great resurrec- tion." Enthroned in the hearts of every American, let him live, till the world thall end, — the hero, the states- man, and the honest man, who always quietly waited for God, and his Country's call. Yes, and we had our Ad- ams too — yes, and let us be candid, we had our Jefferson too ; whom, to say no more, death made friends in one day. The anxieties, the heavings and sighings of the soul, beginning at the same moment ; kindling, burning and glowing together for their country's glory, — and when the sun of its glory shone so brightly, in beholding its brightness ; as if the ravishing prospect overpowered the feeble tenement of the soul, they expire together on the same, fiftieth anniversary day, of their country's glo- ry ; as if, in the purpose of God, to make one other show- ing, of his "setting his seal," to the reign of liberty. I can only glance at a few occurrences. We pass on. — A wide and extended country — territory enough — (a Louisiana purchase just for convenience,) the Federal compact established — governmental and state rights se- cured — a " wheel in the middle of a wheel" — an empire within an empire — the " federal government," in sound Websterian construction of it, like " Aaron's serpent, swallows up the rest." A nation now of freemen, — the children of a rich, proud, but hard and oppressing pa- rent ; — not having " spent their substance in riotous liv- ing" — " keen for the fight," as well as for the axe ; har- dy, industrious, persevering ; — thrown into an attitude to exert all their power and skill for national existence ; flushed with victory, and put on the highest point of their energies, as a nation. And let it be noted, that without such existence, no nation ever yet came up to the full measure of their energies. And now, in the calm sunshine o( peace, what might we not expect? Aye, an- ticipation has been more than realized. The waving for- ests have been cleared away, and we have built our " towns and cities there." The cattle graze upon the pastures; and the sheep bleat on a "thousand hills." Our country, rife in its own productions, wafts its sur- plus produce, at pleasure, on every sea, by its own can- vas, and the price thereof, like the inclined beam in the balance, trembles and shifts, till it finds its equilibrium. Our Schools, Academies, and Colleges, tell to us, and others, that our science does not consist solely in hand- ling the axe, or following the plow. In manufactures and the mechanic arts, no man will say we have been slow of intellect. The resources of our country, and the interchange of our commodities with, let me say, all na- tions of the earth, tell upon our treasury, the astounding fact, that the immense debt of two wars has been fully discharged. Our canals and our railroads, and may I not say, our proud passage by steam, only indicate now, what can he. But I must stop. — Ah ! there is something, as Down- ing would say, which " trigs the wheels." — Ah ! yes, there is — there is ! That slavery — slavery, that inherited curse ; once graced over by the sanction of Zion's friends, and now, with us " compacted by that which every joint supplieth, maketh increase, to the edification of the bo- dy," in hate. Ah ! who shall tell us what shall be done? Ye sages in Church and State, commingling your coun- sels at the altar of God ; tell us, what shall be done ! Impenetrable darkness, as yet, broods over this subject. I can only dart a thought across it. Talk on, ye Abolitionists. Shed forth your light, only " take heed to your spirits ;" and be afraid, that your im- mediate remedy, be not worse than the disease. Talk on kindly. The slave-holder will begin to think (if he sees in you the charities of the gospel) on the melioration of the condition of his slave. He will give permission, and even aid in giving him the " light of the life to come." And the poor slave will begin to feel the full force, ivith- out force, of the benign Apostle's saying, " if thou may'st be free, use it rather.^' And in God's own time, when the door of the master's heart shall be unlocked by the power of the gospel ; and with a clear view of the same benevolence toward the providential condition of his slave, he will say, in the fullness of his heart, " Be thou free." And ye Colonizationists, talk on — act efficiently, for you can do it. Bear away on your charities, to " Afric's soil," him that is free, and him that is willing. Return the " stolen goods,"" uninjured. Or, in other phrase ; take back, O degraded Africa, the soil we surreptitiously at- tempted to settle upon — take it back, " without money and without price," and thank us for the " betterments.'* I add again, carry him back to the land of his inherit- ance, now a freeman — b. freeman — a name he never knew before, — carry him back, redeemed at home — redeemed here ; and he will thank you forever, for his double re- demption, and his double trans-atlantic voyage. There, on his native soil, and in his new republic, open to him the fountains of civilization, and Christianity ; and there, let his light radiate till his more wretched brethren " feel the heavenly shine." And what remain in this land of liberty, let us for them, watch the " pillar of cloud by day, and the pillar of fire by night," and not rashly move forward without the token. I pass for a moment to the poor Indian. I can only say a word — I pity his case. It is wretched now — it al- ways has been. The philanthropy of the Civilian and Statesman, the prayers and labors of an Eliot, a Brain- ard, and a Sergeant, have left him still in a wretched condition. We shall all perceive, that it has been tried, in long experiment, that commingling with the white population, and for the purpose of civilizing and christian- izing them, has all been in vain. New-England, with all her virtues and her benevolence toward them, could not retain them amid her population. At their own will, they have retired ; and the voice of the good and pious has pronounced it right. And often has this voice kind- ly urged on them, the terms of a fair and just purchase. It does seem that God and nature, have said in language too plain to be misunderstood, they cannot dwell among us, either for their oivn good, or for ours. I am decided- ly of opinion (though some may perhaps differ from me) that the policy of the general government to remove them for the present, at least, to the " far West," was the dic- tate of the soundest wisdom, sanctioned by the experience and example of two hundred years ; and in the approv- 8 iiig voice of the pious and the good, in church and state. To carry out this poHcy toward the remaining tribes in the States was a difficult task. The government was crowded up by, I suppose, the selfish inroads of the Geor- gians on the Indian territory within their State. They waited for more than twenty-five years, for the govern- ment to extinguish the title of the Indians to that territo- ry ; which the government had stipulated to do, when it could be " peaceably done." The Georgians »?a/-treated the Indians, and they resorted to the government for the " stipulated" protection. The government, and" perhaps wisely, forebore to employ force, and made the Indians an ofi'er of exchange of lands. If the offer, with the ap- pendages, was noi fair and generous, it should have been. To compel the Indians to sell, or exchange, never entered into the mind of the government. I have ever believed the government, all things being as they were, took the wisest course. And whatever the Georgians have done as oppressive, and they have no doubt, done a great deal, though not " sinners, probably, above all other men ;" and whatever the governmental agents have guilefully and wickedly done, in carrying into effect the entire pur- poses of the government, I most sadly deplore ; and I hope the sin, and judgment of it, will be averted by the deepest reperitance. And now, let the Indian retire — pay him generously, and let him retire, probably for his own good, to the still " farther West." There, unsurrounded for the present, and let me say, unembarrassed by a white population ; let him follow the chase, his native delight, or till the soil. And you may follow him with your pray- ers, and your missionaries, till divine providence shall yet further tell, whether he is to be civilized and chris- tianized, or — his race become extinct. Ah ! my fellow citizens, we might under a kind provi- dence, surmount these evils, if all other things were " equal." But, I must turn over another page still more 9 bklrred, and ti-y to read it. Here we are presented, on the title page, I will not say, with a totals but a fearful destitution of moral principle, of honesty, and uprightness. Ah ! me, the "spirit of the times !" I love to hear the phrase when applied to the enterprise of our age ; but when applied to the moral principle, to the honesty and uprightness of our age, it palls on my moral sensibilities, and I could wish, I now heard it no more. The love of •popularity, amid our free institutions, the ambition, the love of distinction, the " looking of every man to his gain," the general scramble for office and "place ;" in their on- ward and rapid march, seem to bid defiance to the efforts of truth and righteousness ; as if" truth had fallen in our streets and equity could not enter." The sectional jeal- ousies, the differing interests, the prejudice and selfish- ness of party feelings, " eat as doth a canker ;" and are wasting away our vital energies. Thousands seem rea- dy, at any moment, to launch their bark on any sea, and hoist their sail to the popular breeze, that toill bear them onward, as if it were of little consequence, which way they were driven, or on what territory they were landed. The voice of soberness and truth sounds feebly on the ear. — The political jugglers for " fame and place," easily take advantage of any story, somewhere and somehow conjured up, and many an Editor, (at least for a little of the " ready") would be willing to spread it before the people, and nought can enter that guarantied, and yet responsible deposite of the principles and feelings of the people ; that would, for its offence against popularity, take off even one subscriber. Now the same selfish fearfulness to loss and to popularity, seems to pervade every class in community, from the chair of state, down to the very *' chimney sweep ;" as if the whole community were mov- ed by one common impulse, individually to inquire, as the only concern in life ; what will be for my interest 7 Or, in words of holy writ, " who will show us any good ?" 10 And the question, what is right, is the last question to be asked with a full voice. Yes, the whole community seem, too manifestly, to be acting on the broad and damning principle of supreme selfishness. This is the gist and secret of our iniquities. — And in this franh: and honest hour, I should be sorry to lie under the suspicion of og- ling to some statute, in by-gone days, and in other lands, to take advantage of it, for the " benefit of Clergy," or the church. I hope it will not be deemed unfair or un- kind, to say that the church of God, partaking, as she will, more or less, of this " spirit of the times," embosoms much of the same unholy principle. It cannot be denied that many within her pale, are too strongly disposed to bend and sway to interest, and to fawn, and crouch to popular favor. From the waters of the " Sound" to the last religious figurer of the empire State, — and for what ? ah, too fearfully, (or what? — Was it to beguile the people into the belief of a new-ism, whether it in reality, existed or not ? and the end was answered ? Or, certainly, it was in effect, to create a 7iew line of jealousies, and sun- der the bonds of fraternal feeling. " Tell it not in Gath," save this once. And, if borne on by mere popular feeling, I will say with Pope ; — " Pursue the triumph, and par- take the gale." — If we turn now, and cast the Jcindest eye on that great, and absorbing forum of ecclesiastical discussion in our nation, we should be forced to conclude, it is not now, the ftfest place, to learn the meekness, the gentleness and the purity of that religion, which must preserve, and save our country ; and, if we look at the late showing there, of the desecration of the Sabbath, we shall too fearfully see, in Zion's friends, the employment of capital, to say nothing more, to administer, in effect, to the corruption of morals ; as if selfishness had put her " ue^o" on every other consideration. 1 will draw aside the veil no furtlier in my department ; and now only say, 1 am sorry ! ! 11 Ah ! this same selfishness, (with too few honorable ex- ceptions) as I have already said, pervades every class in community, as if every one was " looking to his own way, and to his gain from his quarter ;" and truth and right- eousness were left to take care of themselves ; — and in un- checked progress, what are we not to expect ? And now, fellow citizens, is it any wonder, in such a state of common feeling, if there is an under current of infidelity, and even in " high places," which would burst forth, whenever it could become popular 7 Is it any wonder if the Sabbath becomes desecrated — if error in a thousand forms, in state and church, should stalk through the land ? — If Owenism and Mormonism, and I dare not name the rest, of the half and quarter blood relation, should spread their influence, as it shall be fanned by the popular breeze ? Is it any wonder, if any political man will chaffer for office and place, if he can be borne on by any story of deceit or guile ? Is it any wonder, that the aspirant for office, will shift his opinion into accordance with the feelings and views of those who will help him on ? Is it any wonder, if your Senators and Representatives, in state or nation, are not the same to day they were some four or six years ago ; or will it be strange if they are not next year what they now are, or next month, or even tomorrow ? As if, my hearers, the body of electors and voters were giving their divided tone, creating and consecrating the divided public feeling ; and they that " would be great," standing and looking on, to take the benefit of it. But I am compelled to cast an eye forward, to see these conflicting interests — these jealousies, party feel- ings, aspirations for office, founded in the selfishness of the human heart, and so uncognizant of the public good ; heaving, striving, " agonizing," to a focal point. — Who shall be our President ? And, gentlemen, I have no par- ty ends to answer. Let us make "' straight paths for our 12 feet." — And who do you want to preside over you ? I'lJ tell you. A man who will satisfy all parties, who will how to every interest, however selfish ; who watching the motions of every party, will nod assent to the strong- est. A man who in the language of Lord Byron, will " sway, and sooth, and sue, — and be aliving lie;" or in the emphatic language of common parlance — a man who would not dare to say, " his soul's his own." Yes, fel- low citizens, you are " the people — the people ;" and I love to have it so, — the people who rule and make your President. But I beseech you to let him have a soul as well as you — have an opinion as well as you — be a man as well as you. If he is to answer every party, to be swayed by every selfish or ambitious purpose, to be drawn away by every petty interest, to succumb to please the selfish wish of every man; from my heart, I pity him. And 1 will wail for the selfish and unprincipled feelings of the people, who would wish his virtues were not made of " sterner stuflT." And has it come to this ; that if Washington, with all his honesty, integrity and upright- ness, should he come on earth again, could not by your suffrages, take the chair of State ? In the present state of feeling, you would not advance him there. He would be too honest, and too inflexible of honest purpose, for the " spirit of the times." And dare I say, I should be afraid to put a christian there, to be the man your selfish feelings would wish him to be ? He would pollute his holy profession, if he met your wishes. And I should pity the sect to which he belonged. I would rather ven- ture, in the language of Pope ; '•' To give humility a coach and six." Gentlemen, I am speaking for no party purpose. Pres- ident Jackson was not the man of my choice. But 1 am not quite sure, he was not the very man you needed. Not because he was a Washington ; but because he was found to have a soul, a purpose, a resolution, and I sup- 13 pose," a constitutional, unbending xoill, that fitted him for the peculiar period of his administration. And his friends quailed under it, because he was their man. And, let it be, as it has been told on the floor of Congress, that he has thrown around him the selfish homage, that borders on idolatry ; still you will remember, what has now been said, this only shows, the corrupted state of a majority of the " body politic." And, his opposers, I'll do them jus- tice too, cannot fairly plead exemption from the same pollution. And I am crowded to say, for truth runs in " straight lines ;" you may change the line of succession, (as you know the people are trying to do in Massachu- setts) but while the great polluted fountain remains the same ; it will be only pouring some of the same water into another cup. And I will admit, there may be a momen- tary and contingent gain. But I will leave it to the po- litical and moral chemist, to say how much. I will now take my leave of our President. He will soon retire from his office. And I will venture to predict, that if this unsubdued, selfish, ambitious, corrupted and corrupt- ing feeling, of the " body politic," meets no checlc ; that the name of some future President, in twice four years, or as many more, will not be worthy, to be enrolled on the same page with that of Andrew Jackson. You will not impute to me an electioneering purpose, for I have none, and I will speak once more. Who shall be your next President ? If I have rightly depicted your wishes, and the slate of things, it will follow of course ; he will be the man, whoever he be, who has never been guilty of telling too much truth ; and who has it legibly in- scribed, on his political " Phylactery," that he will never think, or act, or speak, as a public man, till he has cau- tiously considered, the selfish will oi every State, of every party, and of every junto — of every society, of yown^g- men and old men, and maidens too ; and thus bows submis- sively — your humble servant. — And when your congrega- 14 ted and consolidated feelings, shall fully have designated the man to your liking ; I assure you, I will do him reve- rence, as being as patriotic, as good, and as honest, as " the times will admit." And, in mythologic language, we may " thank our stars," that the fates were so Tcind, as to afford us one so good. And I will only regret for my country, to say the least, that the spirit of Washing- ton could not diffuse its influence from the chair of State ; and to say the most, that the spirit of king David could not shed its light on our American Israel. I will now trespass on your patience, but a few mo- ments longer. It must be solemnly borne on our mind, that the grand secret of our safety as a nation, lies in the honesty and virtue of the people. But, this floating on the popular current, as if that current were made by some magic spell, in an unseen world — this truckling to our every in- terest — this " looking, every man on the things of his own, and not on the things of others" — this " skulking" behind our own selfishness, and petty interests, in both church and state, when truth and righteousness, and the general good are overlooked, I am awfully afraid, will yet prove but the sure passport to the ruin of our country ! ! If any should think I have darkened the picture too much, he may reflect, that I have said nothing about our profanity, our aivful desecration of the Sabbath, the un- sightly relics of our intemperance — of the unnameaUe pol- lution of our cities, oi^ southern cruelties, of our mobs, our murders, and our Lynch laws. I have been looking nearer home, — into the heart of the great community — in- to that fountain from which all the polluted streams flow forth. And now, in special and direct view, to what has been said in this address, have we any redeeming qualities ? I answer, yes. We have our Bible : and we have our Academies, our Colleges, and our Theological Institu- 15 tions ; all of which have been baptized for sound litera- ture and science, and biblical exposition, — and they have not lost as yet, their baptismal rite. With these helps, and the enlarged intelligence that results from them, the public mind is susceptible of being swayed. And I now humbly call on my Clerical brethren, upon the Civilian, the Statesman, the Poet, the Orator, and the Editor, who have been baptized, as in the fountains of our literature and piety ; to come out boldly, as honest men ; and say nothing, and write nothing, and publish nothing, which is inconsistent with " sound speech that cannot be denied ;" — and honestly, and without fear of consequences, mould and guide that mass of mind, that can yet, under God, be swayed by your influence ; — and strive together, to bring that mass of mind, now so rapidly increasing, by an in- flux of " incestuous" and polluted additions — to bring it under that holy and benevolent influence, which that great Charter of our heavenly rights, has so graciously and righteously demanded, for our present and eternal felici- ty. And let every christian, who is so " in deed and in truth,^^ awake from his slumbers. And let every Ameri- can citizen, solemnly bear it on his mind, that he should be more afraid of the sins, we have specified in the body of this address, than of the curse of slavery, the tomahawk and the scalping-knife of the Indian, or the hostile inroad of the mightiest nation on the globe. And let him re- member too, that for these sins Israel of old was carried away to Babylon. And for these sins, which preyed on the heart, Jerusalem, the city of the " Great King," and once the pecuHar residence of God, is now left of her God and her Saviour ; " to be trodden down of the Gen- tiles ! ! " 16 I must now address a few words to those venerable- Fathers of the revolution, who sit before me. You have borne for us, the " burden and heat of the day ;" and we of this generation, will gratefully remem- ber you. And although coming generations shall tread over your graves, and not know who sleeps heneath their feet; the .page of history shall faithfully record your fears, your toils, your sufferings, your valor and your vic- tories. And when you look at the pittance you receive from year to year, whether you are rich or poor, consider it as a toJien of the remembrance of your country, when you stood fearless, at the cannon's mouth, to gain that liberty, which you, and your children and your country have enjoyed, even so long. And had you, in military style, died on the " field of glory," we should readily have said, in the words of a Poet, you died not " the death of cowards, or of common men.'" But you have es- caped the deadly wounds of the battle, — and in the peaceful shades of your now comfortable retirement, from the din of battles, and the bustle of the world ; may you enjoy, in the evening of your protracted life, that '■^ peace which the world cannot give or take away." And when the last hour shall come, and you shall have commended your immortal spirits to the mercy of that God, who can make you '^ free meri'^ in Christ ; let this one petition, quiver on your dying lips : — " God save the Common- wealth," — God save the Nation. Tlie following poisons were present, as borne on the Pension list : — Rev. Moses Hallock, Dea. James Richartls, John Hamlin, Esi]. Jacob Nasli, l*hillip Packard, Samuel Strecter, Josiah Shuw, Ebenezer Dickinson, Whitcomb Pratt, Caleb White, Joseph Karnard. Samuel Thayer, Caleb Packard, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Butler ; from otlier towns, Four others in Piainfield, absent. c^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 011 801 803 5 #