t LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.I ^v, I UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. | CLEVELAND ILLUSTRATED. A PICTORIAL HAND-BOOK OF THE FOREST CITY, COMPRISING Its Architecture, Manufactures and Trade; its Social Literary, Scientific and Charitable Institutions; its Churches, Schools and Colleges; and all other Principal Points of Interest to the Visitor and Resident ; TOGETHER WITH AN Account of its Most Attractive Suburbs / By WM. PAYNE. Ml* CLEVELAND: KAIKHANKS HFNFniCTft CO., PR1MRRS 1 8 7 (i . Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year ,876, by \V M . PAYNE, I„ the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. ,CkP3 ^?>ill INTRODUCTIONS |HE United States this year celebrates the hundredth anniversary of its national existence. The same year is the eightieth since the first white settler put up his log-cabin in what is now the flourishing and populous city of Cleveland. The story of the founding and early history of the settlement is told, and a full and graphic description of the "Forest City" as it now exists given, in "Cleveland Illustrated." istorical Sketch. CLEVELAND, originally spelled " Cleaveland," owes its name and its origin to General Moses Cleaveland, of the State of Connecticut. Eighty years ago, on the 22d day of July, 1796, General Cleaveland, accompanied by Augustus Porter and several other members of a surveying party sent out by the Connecticut Land Company to survey their recently purchased property on the " Connecticut Western Reserve," entered the mouth of the Cuyahoga from the lake. General Cleaveland, who had supervision of the whole work, left men at the river to put up buildings for the surveyors and proceeded with the remainder to Sandusky. A couple of cabins and a storehouse were erected, and on the return of the remainder of the party, later in the season, the work of surveying and laying out a town was performed under the superintendence of Augustus Porter. The minutes of Mr. Porter state that he " surveyed a piece of land designed for a town, probably equal to a mile square, bounding west on the river and north on the lake." He made a plot of this ground, laying it off into streets and lots. Mr. Porter surveyed most of the streets himself, and then left the work in charge of Mr. Holley to complete the survey of the lots. The survey of the city was commenced on the 1 6th of September, and completed about the 1st of October, 1796. Holley's notes state that on Monday, October 17th, he "finished surveying in New Connecticut; weather rainy;" on the 8 £ ':vc (and \Uakd. l Q now of such magnitude and importance that the incident of its origin should be kept in mind. Henry Newberry, father of Professor Newberry, owned some valuable coal lands, and fancied he saw an opening for an important trade in coal. He sent a shipment of a few tons to Cleveland by way of experiment. A portion of it was loaded in a wagon and hawked around the city, attention being called to its excellent cpiality and great value as fuel. But the peo- ple would none of it. They unanimously objected that it was dirty, nasty, inconvenient to handle, made an offensive smoke, and not a few shook their heads incredulously at the idea of making the "stone" burn at all. Whilst wood was plentiful and cheap they did not see the use of going long distances to procure a doubtful article of fuel, neither as clean, convenient, nor cheap as hickory or maple. All day the wagon traversed the streets and found not a single pur- chaser for its contents. A few citizens accepted a little as a gift, with a doubtful promise to test its combustible qualities. Philo Scovill was finally persuaded into the purchase of a moderate quan- tity at two dollars per ton, and promised to put in grates at the Franklin House to properly test its qualities. The old log Court-house on the north side of the Public Square had become inadequate to the requirements of the village, and in 1828 a new one was erected on the south-western part of the Square. An excellent representation of it is given on the next page. Four years later a new jail was built on Champlain street, directly in line with the Court-house as shown in the picture. Cleveland had now become a place of considerable importance, and was rapidly increasing in population and trade. In 1835 it had reached a population of 5080, being more than doubled in two years. In that year the rush of emigrants from the Eastern States to the West was immense. The steamers then plying on the lake were taxed to their utmost capacity to take the crowd eager to go. Cleveland reaped a rich harvest in men and money by this activity. Cleveland received its charter as a city in 1836. About this time began the fierce rivalry between the settlements on opposite sides of the Cuyahoga that has left its traces to the present day. In 1819 20 tie refund '//ifu/fecf. Josiah Barher built his log-cabin on the west side of the river, and thus became the first permanent settler on that side. He was soon joined by Richard Lord. In 1831 the Buffalo Company purchased a farm on the west side, covering the low land toward the mouth of the river and the bluffs overlooking it. The low ground they studded with warehouses, and the bluffs with stores and residences. Fine hotels were erected and preparations made for building a city that -_-- should eclipse the rival set- tlement east of the river. A short ship ca- nal was made from the Cuya- hoga to the old river bed, at the east end, and the water being high a steamer passed into the lake, tlfrough a nat- ural channel at the west end. When the steps were taken to get a city charter for Cleveland, negotiations were entered into between the leading men on both sides of the river with the purpose of either consolidating the two villages into one city, or coming to some agreement. The negotiations were broken off, as the parties could agree neither on terms of consolidation nor on boundaries. Each side started its deputation to Columbus to procure a city charter. To the mortification of many of the east side, the people across the river had received their charter for the organization of Ohio City before that for the city of Cleveland came to hand, and COURT-HOUSE — I 828. Cleveland Q Mltnitiafed. 21 Ohio City, therefore, took precedence in point of age. This embit- tered the jealous rivalry between the two cities, and produced a state of feeling which led to the " Battle of the Bridge," in 1837. In 1835 Mr. James S. Clark built, at his own expense, the old Columbus Street bridge, connecting Cleveland with Brooklyn. This bridge, when finished, he devoted to the public use. In 1837, after the two cities had received their charters, both sides claimed juris- diction. From formal claims and council resolutions the contestants proceeded to stronger measures. Each city sent armed men to take possession of the structure. A field piece was posted on the low ground on the east side, to rake the bridge. Weapons and missiles of all kinds were freely used on both sides. Several persons were wounded, three of them seriously. The draw was cut away, the middle pier and the western abutment partially blown down, and the field piece spiked by the west siders. The sheriff of the county and -the city marshal of Cleveland at last appeared on the scene, gained possession of the dilapidated bridge, which had been given to the city of Cleveland, and lodged some of the rioters in the county jail. The field of battle was transferred from the river to the courts. About this time the school system of the city was regularly organized. We have already noticed the first efforts in the work of education, begun as soon as there were any children to be taught. The subsequent history of the Cleveland schools has been laboriously traced and comprehensively narrated in a special report prepared, under direction of the Board of Education, by Andrew Freese, for many years prominently connected with the school system of the city. The report says the earliest school mentioned in any record was in 1814, but it was not until in 1836 that any system of public instruction was adopted under the city's authority. Previous to that time the schools were supported by private enterprise. In the year 181 7, however, there was an enactment by the village trustees ordering that certain sums of money subscribed for the building of a school-house be refunded to the subscribers, and that the corporations become sole proprietors of said school-house. The school-house referred to stood on St. Clair street just east of the 22 m ^ lev a iand \Ullutfi a fed present site of the Kennard House. The illustration gives a good idea of its appear- ance. This house was the first ever owned by Cleve- and as a cor- poration, but the schools kept there were not free ex- j cept to a few who were too poor to >ay tuition. The house was rented ^*0&W?\F' 1)V pnvate teach- ers, who were left tomanaee it about FIRST SCHOOL- HOUSE. as they pleased. At this time Cleveland had a population of about two hundred and fifty, but thence forward it began to increase more rapidly, and a demand was made for more advanced schools. The result was that another was built on the same street almost opposite the old one. For many years it bore the title of Cleveland Academy. In late years, however, it had grown shabby looking and was dubbed "The Old Academy." It was completed in 1821, and when it is recollected that Cleveland at that time had less than four hundred inhabitants, and none of them wealthy, it must be conceded that those early settlers placed no mean value on education. This high school or academy was kept running for a period of twelve or fifteen years, though there were several primary schools in other parts of the city, maintained by private parties who had small children to educate, nothing having yet been done to make education free. In 1830 it appears that the corporations made a move to buy another school-house, the old one having gone to pieces, but for some reason a contract to purchase the Old Academy was not ratified by the township trustees. Cleveland became a city in 1836. On the 22d of June, that year, 'Cleveland ^MfkiMlahd. 23 an ordinance was presented providing for the levy and collection of school tax. In October the first board of school man- agers was ap- pointed, as follows : John W.Willey, An- son Hay don and Daniel Worley. The schools were thuscontinued for about one year, when a more liberal outlay for =Hj schools and school-house was asked for. A s y e t the city owned no school property, the schools of the previous year having an exist- ence by authority only. In July, 1837, the council passed a school ordinance. Under this ordinance the board of managers proceeded to organize schools and set them in operation. In 1839 the city purchased the Old Academy, paying for it, together with the lot, six thousand dollars. The friends of free schools urged the necessity of erecting school-houses, and petitioned the authorities, and made appeals through the newspapers, but it was not until the spring of that year that anything effectively was accom- plished. Lots were then purchased, one on Prospect and one on Brownell street, and buildings were erected soon after. An illustra- tion of the Prospect Street school-house is given on next page. THE OLD ACADEMY. 24 y(ci'c/a/id C/f/rt) ti atnl. These two, with the old one on St. Clair street, had a capacity of six hundred, while the number entitled by law to attend was twenty- four hundred. Before the opening of the winter term more than a thousand pupils besieged the school-rooms for admission, and about nine hundred were accommodated. In the spring of i S46 Mayor Hoadley, in his inaugural address, recommended the establishment of a school of a higher grade — an academic department — the scholars to be taken from the common PROSPECT STREET SCHOOL-HOUSE. schools according to merit. The recommendation was favorably received by the council, and at a meeting in April a resolution was adopted authorizing the establishment of a high school for boys. A set of rooms in the old church on Prospect street, now the Homeopathic Medical College, was secured, and Andrew Freese was appointed principal. The school opened in July with thirty- four scholars. Others were added, so that the number increased to eighty-three during the year. i& kveland "xjlliitftated. --. ^i — 25 Soon after this time it was thought by some that the high school had been established illegally, and besides they doubted the expe- diency of the project. The "high school question " became a subject of lively debate, the heavy tax-payers being the ones who chiefly opposed it — on the ground of expense, of course. The city council, then newly elected, appointed a committee to examine the subject. A majority of the committee — two out of three — reported that the school had been established in violation of law, and concluded that it was inexpedient to support a high school out of the common school fund. The third member brought in a minority report adverse to this. The action of the council was watched with intense interest. The friends of the high school held a mass meeting, which was addressed by Dr. Fry, then principal of the St. Clair Street Grammar School, urging the great necessity of keeping up the school, and insisting that the laws should be corrected, if wrong. Others made speeches on this occasion, and it resulted in quite a sensation on the subject. The board of school managers, in their annual report, argued the expediency of this enlargement of the school system. The result was that no action was taken by the council on the report of the committee, and the school was suffered to exist until the following winter, when its friends secured a legislative enactment authorizing and requiring the council to maintain a high school department. By ordinance it was then made a permanent branch of public school instruction. The battle was won, but by reason of unfriendly feeling toward the school, the appropriations by the council were inadequate for its support — barely sufficient to keep it in existence. For two or three years the expenses were less than one thousand dollars per annum, while the attendance averaged about eighty. Though the cost was so very low, fault was found with it, and it was pointed out as a piece of unnecessary extravagance. Up to the fall of 1852 the work was all done by two teachers, and then one additional was employed. The course of study embraced all the branches usually taught in high schools, except the languages, which were not added until i860. 26 \ lev eland g q {JJ/hi ti it ted. With so small a teaching force a classification of studies was almost impossible, and, as a partial remedy for omissions, classes were heard out of school hours, sometimes in the evening. The efforts put forth by teachers and scholars were courageous. The pupils themselves purchased apparatus for natural science to the amount of five m FIRST HIGH SCHOOL. hundred dollars, earning the money themselves. They purchased the material and laid up with their own hands a small brick labora- tory. Scarcely a principle in mechanical philosophy that they did not illustrate by machinery constructed with their own hands. For two or three years they published a small monthly paper. In this way the department developed, and opposition gradually died out. Leonard Case took a warm interest in the school ami made a handsome donation to it. The lot on which the present Central High School is located was purchased in 1856, and in the following year a cheap wooden build- ing was erected for temporary purposes, the expectation being that a permanent building would be erected at an early day. The first high school building is shown on this page. In the spring of 1856 the present building was erected. The total cost of this building, with furniture, was twenty thousand dollars. i&fceeland c :.QjJ(fuifUtted. 27 The completion of the Ohio Canal to the river from the lake, gave a strong impetus to the growth and prosperity of the city. A large addition to its population was the immediate result. In 1851, the first rail- way to Cleve- land was for- mally opened — the Cleve- land, Colum- bus tS: Cin- cinnati — fol- lowed in rap- id succession by the Lake Shore and n Cleveland & w < Pittsburgh, w and a little 2 later by the I lines to Tole- oc do and down "r 1 the Mahon- ing valley. — These open- ed up new territory to the trade of the city, stim- ulated manu- factures, and laid the fou n- dationsofthe great prosperity which it now enjoys. The sketch of Cleveland in 1857, which is given on this page, shows a portion of the river and flat above the C, C, C. & I. Railway crossing, before that part of the city was covered with manufacturing and railroad property. 28 I k refund i ' ti* flu fed. The population of Cleveland, as shown by the most trustworthy figures accessible, has been, at different times, as follows: 1796 — Recorded 4 1850 — U. S. Census 1810 — Estimated 57 1851 — City Census 1820 — Estimated 150 1852 — City Census 1825 — Estimated 500 186c — U. S. Census 1866 — City Census. 1870 — U. S. Census. 1876 — Estimated . . . 1830 — U. S. Census .... 1,075 1832 — Estimated.... i,;oo 1833 — Estimated 1,900 1846 — City Census 'o.^ The following is a list of the mayors of Cleveland organization as a village, and of the mayors of Ohio City union with Cleveland in 1854: 17,034 . 2 1 , 1 40 25,670 43»838 . 67,500 92,829 . 1 50,000 since its until its 1815 Alfred Kelley. 1816-19 Daniel Kelley. 1820 Horace Perry. 1821 . . Reuben Wood. l 822-24 • • • Leonard Case. CLEVELAND VILLAGE. 1825-2 7 . , . . . E. Waterman. 1828 Girson Cathan. 1829 David Long. 1830-31 Richard Hilliard. 1832-35 John W. Allen. CLEVELAND ( II Y 1836-37 1838-39 184O . . . 1841 1842 . . . 1843 1844-45 1836 ... 1837 1838-39 184O-4I 1842 1843 ... John W. Willey. . . . Joshua Mills. Nicholas Docksiader. . . . . John W. Allen. Joshua Mil's. .Nelson Hayward. Samuel Starkweather. 1846 1847 ■■ 1 848 . . .849 1850-5 1 18*2- S + . . . George Hoadley. . . . Josiah A. Harris. .Lorenzo A. Kelsey. Flavel W. Bingham. .... William Case. . Abner C. Brownell. Josiah Barber. . . Francis A. Burrows. . Norman C. Baldwin. Needham M. Standart. . . Francis A. Burrows. Richard Lord. oHK) CITY. 1844-46 D. H. Lamb. 1847 David Griffith. 1848 John Beverlin. l 849 Thomas Burnham. 1850—52. . . . Benjamin Sheldon. CI.EYEI.ANI>- 1855-56 ... William B. Castle. 1857—58 . . Samuel Starkweather. 1859-60. . . . George B. Senter. 1861-62 Edward S. Flint. 1863-64 Irvine U. Masters. UNITED CITY. 1865-66. . . . Herman M. Chapin. 1867-70 Stephen Buhrer. 1871-72 .Fred. W. Pelton. 1873-74 Charles A. Otis. 1875-76 Nathan P. Payne. M W/e vdaud : ,EW cities in the country have better facilities for communica- tion by rail with all parts of the United States. Four railroads have Cleveland as a terminal point — -the Cleveland, Colum- bus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis, the Cleveland & Pittsburgh, the Atlantic & Great Western, and the Lake Shore, Tusca- rawas Valley & Wheeling. The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, which extends from Buffalo to Chicago, passes through union passenger depot. Cleveland, which is one of the principal points on this leading thoroughfare between the East and the West. In addition to these the Valley Railway, running from Cleveland through Akron and Canton and southward, traversing the vast coal fields of that region, is nearly completed, and will doubtless be in operation within a year. These six lines of railroad radiate in all directions, affording the greatest possible advantages for travel and the rapid movement of freight. SO fpkvtiand '.cJ/fu-jftafed. The Union Passenger Depot, situated on the lake shore, at the foot of Bank and Water streets, is one of the most substantia], commo- dious and well arranged buildings of its kind in the country. It is convenient of access, being but ten minutes walk from the Tost Office, and five to eight minutes from the principal hotels, with which it is connected by lines of street railroad. The edifice was erected in 1865, and is built entirely of stone and iron. Its length is six hundred and three feet, and width one hundred and eighty feet, and it contains four thousand two hundred and fifty feet of track. Is complete in all its appointments, having large and well furnished ticket, express and telegraph offices, baggage rooms, dining hall, coffee and luncheon room, news depot, and numerous offices for the use of the officers of the road in all the various departments. The Railroad Branch of the Young Men's Christian Association has a very pleasant and attractive reading room, where persons waiting for trains may find a well chosen assortment of the current literature of the day. The general railroad offices are up in the city, and will be spoken of hereafter. Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway. Approaching the city from the south, by way of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway line, the traveler comes to — Wellington — 36 Miles from Cleveland. — Population 1.300. A smart village ; the great shipping station on this line for cheese. LaGrange — 29 Miles. — Population 150. Grafton — 25 Miles. — Crossing of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley & Wheeling Railway for Black River, Medina, Massillon and Uhrichsville. North Eaton — 21 Miles.— A small, neat station in a thriving country community. Columbia — 19 Miles. — Small station. Olmsted — 15 Miles. — Population 400. Berea — 12 Miles. — Population 3,000; situated on Rocky river, at the junction of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapo- lis and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railways. There are sixteen stone quarries in operation at this point, from which large amounts of stone for building and other purposes are shipped to all parts of the country, employing numerous workmen. The manufac- ture of grindstones is an important business here, the stones being shipped to all parts of the world. Here is located Baldwin Univer- sity, a very popular and successful institution of learning. A fine new stone depot has just been completed, and at the same time was opened a street railroad connecting it with the village. Linndale — 5 Miles. — This is a beautiful suburban village, containing many fine residences, mills, etc., ten minute's ride from the city. Soon after leaving this point the train passes the num- erous and extensive oil refineries, one of the large branches of the mercantile and industrial interests of Cleveland. Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. Approaching the city from the west, by the Lake Shore & Michi- gan Southern Railway, the traveler passes through the following towns : Elvria — 26 Miles. — Population 4,500; county seat of Lorain county, O.; at the confluence of the two branches of Black river. At this point are two waterfalls giving excellent water power, and several manufactories. The town is noted for its beautiful scenery and fine situation; many business men of Cleveland reside here. It is the junction of the Northern (or Sandusky) Division of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway with the Southern Division ; also connects with Lake Shore, Tuscarawas Valley and Wheeling Railway. Shawville. — Population of township 2,000. Has one chair and bedstead manufactory, one saw mill and a number of stone quarries in its vicinity. Olmsted Falls. — 16 Miles. — Population 500. Has one flouring mill, two saw mills, three planing mills, one agricultural implement manufactory, one wagon shop, one box and measure factory, etc. The extensive building and grindstone quarries located here give employment to a large number of men. ^~>v 32 £ tevthnd ' ; .z3llm t: afed. From this point the line passes through Berea and Linn dale, on the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway. Approaching the city from the east, by the same line of railway, the traveler passes through the following towns and villages: Painesville — 28 Miles. — Population 6,000. A thriving town, noted for its attractive position and appearance, and the intelligence and enterprise of its population. It has two weekly newspapers. Among the other manufacturing establishments it has one manufac- tory of carriages, one of boots and shoes, two foundries and one flouring mill, etc. Mentor — 23 Miles. — Population 450. One manufactory of agricultural implements, one of cheese and three of carriages. Is the nearest point to " Little Mountain," a summer resort five miles south-east. WlLLOUGHBY — 19 Miles. — Population 2,000. Has one manu- factory of agricultural implements, one of tile and brick and two carriage shops. Has also an excellent seminary of learning. WlCKLIFFE — 14 Miles. — Population 375. A very pleasant, moral village. EUCLID — 10 Miles. — Population 300. Principal business manu- facture of blue stone flagging. Coli.amf.r — 7 Miles. — A thriving, stirring village, containing the extensive repair shops and round-houses of the bake Shore & Michi- gan Southern Railway. Coir's — 6 Miles. — -A popular summer resort, its rare natural attractions of scenery, etc., having been greatly enhanced by a lavish expenditure of money for improvements and ornamentation. There is an elegant hotel on the bank of the lake, while the sur- roundings of pleasant walks and drives, and facilities for rowing, fishing and boating, render it exceedingly attractive. Glenville — 5 Miles. Population 700. Here are the extensive and well appointed grounds and race-track of the Northern Ohio Fair Association. The July races are always very largely attended, their unexceptionable management by prominent Cleveland gentle- men attracting the best horses on the American turf. The annual %cvriaiict 'ioihisiiafed fairs take piace in September. A, Glenville and in the vicinity are the city. A short distance west is Gordon's Park, one of the most delightful spots ,n the whole vicinage of Cleveland At W.IIson avenue the traveler enters the city proper Upon he n gl t he has fine vie „, of Lakfi Er . e> Md y 1 ; Upon m rap,d si.ccess.on, the Cleveland & P ittsburgh Railroad ' r enair shops, together with numerous wire and steel works. Then com P tal now leased over to the City of Cleveland for hospital purposes Its spaces grounds are included in the new Lake Shore Pa ka„ improvement rapid,, approaching completion, and form.ng o„ ' f the most lovely breathing places " in the country. Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. tra*r;oteir he dty fr ° m ^ MSt ' b >' "> ° f «"*■* ^e Ravenna-38 Miles-Population 3 , 5 °o; county seat of Por.aae county. Here are located a ,ar g e glass manufactory and one of he most extens,ve carriage manufactories in the country It Ua ill lished at this point. Sta "° n be ' WCen "* l "'° ™ ads is «*• resort A ed L « V o' L b:7 2 ^^ Sma " "*" '" ^ ™ init ^ « e ™* eso ted to by pleasure part.es from Cleveland. A hack runs from the trains to Kent, four miles distant. Hudson-^ Miles—Population a.ooo. A very attractive ,„ ■he sea, of Western Reserve College, which has a J.d "p a « Ln ^ an mst.tut.on of learning. The cheese shipments a, this stataare brLnifoff "t the ? eve,and> Mt - vernon & c °'«mbu! 1;;:; orancnes on to the southwest. Macedonia — iq Miles A email ,-;n u- x ■ a11 Vllla ge, in the neighborhood of which is an extensive stone quarry. 34 Cfcvc/afid r sJ?Uutflated ~. Bedford — 14 Miles. — Population 2,000. A pretty town, with a fine public school building and town hall, a large chair factory, and other works. The road crosses a deep, rocky gorge near the town, which, with the neighboring woods, attracts many pleasure parties from the city. Newburgh — Seven miles from the terminal station, now forms part of the city, having been recently annexed and made the eighteenth ward. The line from this point passes a succession of iron mills, foundries, and other manufactories. Euclid Avenue Station. — At the crossing of the famous chief avenue of the city is a handsome and commodious station, at which a large amount of passenger business is done. There is also a local freight station at this point. Atlantic & Great Western Railroad. [depot on scranton avenue.] Approaching Cleveland from the east, by the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, the traveler comes to Garrettsville — 36 Miles. — Population 1,200. A shipping point for dairy products. Mantua Station — 30 Miles. — Population 200. Pleasantly sit- uated on the Cuyahoga river and in the heart of a rich dairy country. The farm-houses in the neighborhood are much resorted to by city families for summer board. Aurora — 24 Miles. — Population 600. Here, also, the shipments of dairy products are large. Solon — 15 Miles. — Population 900. — A rich dairy country lies back of the station and village. Randall — 11 Miles. — A small wayside station. Newburgh. — This station is within the limits of the eighteenth ward of the city. A short distance from the station the line crosses the track of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. At Cleveland, the line makes direct connection at its depot with the C, C, C. & I. and Lake Shore lines, for the south and west. Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley & Wheeling Railway. This line enters CleYeland from the south over the track of the <-., <-., C. & 1. Railway from Grafton. Medina-38 miles from Cleveland. -Population r, 2 oo. County seat of Medina county. Valley Railway. This road is now in course of construction, and will probably be opened in a short time; it will come from the south through Akron entering CleYeland by the valley of the Cuyahoga. Steamboat Lines. Steamboat lines, during the season of navigation, connect Cleve- land with every point on the whole chain of lakes. Regular lines run to Cleveland from Buffalo and intermediate ports, and from ports on Lake Ontario and on the St. Lawrence river. Also, on the west from Toledo, from Detroit, from Chicago and intermediate ports, and from all parts of Lake Superior. A line of steamers crosses the lake from Port Stanley, and competing lines run between Cleveland and the Islands. During the summer months these lines are crowded with passengers to and from the city. 36 hwtaitd :U(/tt*fcated. H O TELS ©BIBB" iiisiiiaillllll " ' """"iiisiii *'t'ltV 'HE Kennard House, at the corner of St. Clair and Bank >® streets, three squares from the Tost Office and one from the ^o^ Union I )epot, has for many years enjoyed an extensive repu- tation as one of the best kept hotels in the West. For a considerable time it was known as the Angier House, but for several years has been known as the Kennard House, under which name it has achieved a reputation second to none. Most of the distinguished persons who have visited go Cleveland since the H erection of this hotel have been among its guests. Under the management of its present proprietor, I ). M< ( ' 1 ; i s k y , great im- provements have been made in its ar- rangements. Particular attention is paid to the table, the choicest delicacies of the season being always provided. The rooms are large and well furnished. Omnibuses and street cars connect the hotel directly with the Union Depot, and street car connections can be made with lines for all parts of the city. The leading business streets are in the immediate vicinity. The places of amusement are all within a short walk. The public buildings and the principal churches are at but a short distance. Fine billiard rooms, bath rooms, and other conveniences are on the premises, and livery stables in the immediate vicinity. For the accommodation of commercial travelers, commodious and convenient rooms for the display of samples have been provided. KENNARD HOUSE. ^Mhveland ^mliu&UuUd. 37 The Weddell House, at the corner of Superior and Bank streets, is one of the prominent historical landmarks of the city. The nucleus of the present extensive building was erected nearly thirty years ago, and the house soon became known as one of the finest and best hotels in the whole western country — a reputation it has never lost. As the city grew and the business of the hotel increased, additions were from time to time made, until the establishment reached its present size and completeness. Recently it was thor- oughly remodeled and modernized, so that it now ranks, in all respects, with the best hotels of the land. The situation is peculiarly CORNER BANK AND SUPERIOR. suitable for such an establishment, fronting on two of the principal streets, and being in the very heart of the business part of the city, and within a few minutes' walk of the depots, steamboat landings, courts of law, public buildings, and places of amusement. Street cars run from its doors to all parts of the city, and a line of street railroad from the Union Depot terminates at its main entrance. The rooms are numerous, and there are a number of fine suites fronting on one or other of the two principal streets on which it is situated. There are several conveniently arranged sample rooms for the accommodation of commercial travelers. The price is $3 a day. The house has always enjoyed an enviable reputation with the traveling public, and under its present managers, Messrs. Geo. W. Wesley & Son, has been brought to its highest point. 38 J .y lowland %gUu&UaUd. The Forest City House, corner Superior street and Monu- mental Park, Messrs. Terrill & Ingersoll, proprietors, enjoys the advantage of one of the most desirable locations for a hotel to be found in the city. The north front has an uninterrupted view of Superior street, whilst the east front, extending along the greater part of the south-west quarter of the Park, looks out directly upon the most beautiful portion of the Park and takes in its range of view the whole of the Park area and the public buildings clustered around it. In the immediate neighborhood are the law courts, the Post FOREST CITY HOUSE. Office, Custom House, Revenue Office, City Hall, and other muni- cipal department offices. The principal churches of different denom- inations are in the immediate vicinity and mostly in sight of its doors. Lake View Park is within easy reach. Street car lines pass the house or near it to all parts of the city. The house has for many years enjoyed an enviable reputation as a quiet and home-like hotel, where the best of accommodations can be had at moderate prices. Very recently large additions have been made to the building, three-fourths of which is new and fitted up in first class style. The rooms are large, lofty, and well arranged. The house has every convenience the traveler can desire. w sieve land ^ 'uiilaied. 39 The American House, A. Jones, proprietor, is situated on the south side of Superior street, between Bank and South Water streets, occupying the numbers from 128 to 138. This hotel is one of the old landmarks of the city, having for very many years held its position as one of the leading hotels of the lake region. Under its present ownership, extensive additions and improvements have been made. The whole building has been remodeled, refitted, and refur- nished. Two additions, forty feet square, have been erected. Modern improvements have been introduced in every part. Over thirty-five thousand dollars have been expended in repairs and furnishing. Bath rooms for ladies and gen- tlemen, hot and ~PIC an cold water on< every floor ex- ^^^^^^^EEMTOI cept the upper, WtMI^ TmiiiiliBil Si IB 1 fiffi «', ' m AMERICAN HOUSE. and every con- venience desir- able, are now to be found in the building. The furniture, carpets,and fit- tings are all of the very best, no money or labor being spared in the work of making the American at least equal to the best hotels in the city. The sleeping accommodations cannot be excelled in cleanliness and comfort. The table is abundantly supplied with the best and most wholesome food. In all respects the accommodations are good and home-like. Street car lines for all parts of the east and west sides start from the door. The public buildings and places of amusement and churches are within easy reach. Prices from $2.00 to $2.50 per day. ■U) W/cvvfand "MUui it a fed. The STRIEBINGER House, on Michigan street, is the newest hotel in the city, having been built within four years, and opened on the 15th of April, 1873. In its construction and fitting up the utmost care was taken to embody the latest and best improvements in hotel construction and arrangement. The rooms, ninety in num- ber, are large, lofty, and commodious. The sample rooms for the convenience of commercial trav- elers who wish to display their goods are arranged with a view to this special purpose, and cannot be anywhere excelled. Fine billiard rooms are con- nected with the hotel, and all other conveniences desirable in a first class hotel, are to be found in this. The table is noted for the substantial and choice character of the food served. The location is con- venient, being but a few min- utes' walk from all the principal points of interest, and having street cars for all parts of the city passing within easy reach. The hotel is about midway between the Union Depot and the Atlantic & Great Western Railway depot, street car lines for both passing near the building. Price, $2 per day. The proprietors, Messrs. Striebinger Brothers, built the hotel for their own management, and having had long experience in keep- ing a good, substantial hotel, they made the building exactly suitable for the purpose designed. The house has a large local patronage, in addition to its traveling custom, the convenient location, excellent table and courteous attention to the wishes of guests, bringing a great number of business men to its dining room. Connected with the hotel is an extensive and well-appointed stable, capable of accom- modating one hundred and forty horses. STRIEBINGER HOUSE. "$/tei i etanci i&lhiiUuUd. w W 1 4/ St. Clair Place, on the corner of Ontario and St. Clair streets, has been enlarged, refitted, and under its present management, opened as a general hotel, as well as first class boarding establish- ment. The rooms are numerous and comfortably furnished, and the table well kept. The location is good, being midway between Monumental Park and Lake View Park, and but three minutes' walk from either. The public buildings, places of amusement, and principal churches are in the neighborhood. A line of street cars passes in front of the house, and all the other lines are within two or three minutes' walk. The Union Depot is convenient of access. The City Hotel, on Seneca street, corner of Rockwell street, has for many years enjoyed a reputation as a good plain hotel. The prices are moderate. The Cleveland Hotel, corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, is a family and boarding hotel. The New England Hotel is on Water street, near the Union Depot. The Birch House, on Water street, between St. Clair and Frankfort streets, is a comfortable family hotel which admits tran- sient guests. In addition to these are numerous smaller hotels, besides a great number of boarding and family hotels scattered over the city. 42 iieveland ^&Muit'caUxi. AMUSEMENTS. ^ifHUCUD AVENUE OPERA HOUSE, on Euclid avenue and ■jljl^, Sheriff street, opened in September, 1875, is one of the finest * and best appointed places of amusement in the United States. Indeed, it has been pronounced by leading artists familiar with the best theatres and opera I houses of the world as be- ll ing unexcell- • ed in beauty, ; ^ comfort, and jj completeness j| of details. — "The main en t ranee is on Euclid ov- en ue through §j$J a vestibule 40 feet wide, the floor of which is laid with tessella- ted and mo- saic marble. OntheSheriff street front, euci.id avenue opera house. which can be seen in the illustration, are the family circle and stage entrances, and the great doors of exit, by which the house can be emptied in a few minutes. The arrangement of the auditorium is admirable. The ">7- W lei ' eland &lluMlafad. 43 first floor is devoted to the orchestra and orchestra circle, all on an inclined plane that prevents the view being obstructed by persons sitting in front. The balcony is arranged in a similar manner, as is the family circle. There is no gallery. Wide lobbies are on each floor, separated from the seated part of the house by numerous swinging doors. Four elaborately decorated and furnished private boxes complete the seating arrangements. Everything in the house in the way of furniture, carpeting, etc., is of the most luxurious char- acter. The seating capacity is over sixteen hundred, and there is not a seat in the house from which at least three-quarters of the stage cannot be seen. The walls and woodwork of the auditorium are finished in light and dark cream, with decorations in gold. The frescoing of the dome and vestibule is of rare beauty. On the inside of the main dome are four groups of figures, representing Music, Comedy, Tragedy, and Poetry. Amid the rich ornamentation are portraits of Shakespeare, Byron, Rossini, Mozart, Goethe, Dante, Milton, Schiller, Bryant, Meyerbeer, Wagner, Bellini, and Beethoven. The vestibule is also elaborately frescoed, with scenes illustrative of the several Muses. Dependent from the ceiling is the grand pris- matic reflecting chandelier, the largest prismatic fixture in the United States. It is 29 feet long, has a spread of 14 feet, weighs two tons, and has 325 gas jets. All the lighting of the house is done by electricity. The stage is of unusual size, and is unsurpassed in completeness of arrangement. The proscenium opening is 34 feet by 37 feet, depth 54 feet, width 72 feet, and the height 61 feet in the clear. The machinery is perfect in all respects. The foot-lights are arranged so that they can be changed to produce plain white light, moonlight, twilight, or sunsets, by a simple manipulation of keys. A portion of the stage is so arranged with electrical apparatus that in storm scenes real lightning is produced from the clouds with startling effect. Dressing rooms, withdrawing rooms, cloak rooms, and every convenience for artists and audience are provided in abundance, nothing being omitted that experience could suggest. The building was opened by the lessee, Mr. John A. Ellsler, who is also a heavy stockholder in the company, and in the season of u /hvetana ^<0Mm ti a fee/. 1875-6 the greatest dramatic artists appeared in a succession of brilliant dramas, presented with the most elaborate scenery and richest of dresses and decorations. ~'"*>rn^ cask halt- Cask Hall, opened in September, 1867, is one of the finest halls in the West devoted to lectures and concerts. The building, the south front of which is shown in the illustration, stands on Superior street, east of Monumental Park, and between the Government 3, 45 Building and the City Hall. It has a front of 78 feet, and extends 200 feet northward to Rockwell street. The ground floor is occu- pied with stores and offices, the first floor above to commodious offices and the Cleveland Library Association rooms, the hall, 36 feet high and 73 feet by 117 feet in surface, occupying the upper part of the building. The seating capacity is 1,328, although 1,500 persons could be comfortably accommodated. Broad galleries run around three sides, the seating arrangements of the whole being of the most improved character. The lighting and ventilation of the hall are perfect ; the lighting is performed by electricity. The stage is 22^ feet by 44^2 feet; connected with it are two dressing rooms, each 15 feet by 22 feet. The most famous singers of the past eight or nine years have been heard in this hall. Academy of Music, Bank street, between Superior and St. Clair, is now occupied by traveling dramatic companies, minstrels, etc. Globe Theatre, formerly Brainard's Opera House, 205 Superior street, chiefly used for minstrel and concert troupes, and occasionally for dramatic performances. Theatre Comique, Frankfort street near Bank street, the oldest theatre in the city, is open all the year round as a variety theatre. In addition to these are a number of halls in different parts of the city used for public meetings, lectures, and occasionally concerts and other entertainments. 46 '■Jcfei'vtatid ^d/Uutf'cated. CITY HALL. 'HE new City Hall is on the north side of Superior street, corner of Wood street. An excellent engraving of it forms the frontispiece of this volume. Built by Leonard Case, it was completed in February, 1875, and in that month leased to the city for twenty-five years, at an annual rental of $36,000, the value of the property being estimated at $800,000. The edifice has a front of 217 feet on Superior street, and is five stories high besides a base- ment under the whole. The first floor is divided into eight fine stores. On each of the second, third, and fourth floors are sixteen complete suites of rooms, forty-eight suites in all, each suite consist- ing of two large rooms and three closets. The council chamber is on the highest floor, twenty feet in height, with a gallery for specta- tors. A steam elevator connects all the floors. In this building are gathered all the city offices except the Water Works office, which is in Cushing's Block, at the junction of Euclid avenue and Monu- mental Park. For the convenience of our readers we give the location of the several offices. On the ground floor fronting the entrance, is the reading room. On the first floor are the offices of Mayor, City Treasurer, City Solicitor and his assistants, Health Offi- cer, Secretary of Board of Health, Board of Improvements, Fire Commissioners, Board of Police, and Public Library. The second floor is occupied by the Park Commissioners, City Auditor, City Clerk, and Public Library. On the third floor are the City Civil Engineer and his assistants, the remainder of the upper part of the building being taken up with the council chamber. 9:lcmland (S WUu4U'atQd. 47 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 'HE City of Cleveland, for municipal purposes, is divided j-6) into eighteen wards. The general government of the city is vested in the Mayor and a City Council composed of thirty- six members. The several departments are governed by a Board of Improvements, Board of Fire Commissioners, Board of Police Com- missioners, Board of Infirmary Directors, Board of Directors of House of Correction, Board of Park Commissioners, Board of Water Works Trustees, Board of Cemetery Trustees, and Police Court. These Boards derive their existence and powers from legislative acts, and to a certain extent they are independent of the control of the Council, being elected by the people. They are, however, subject to investigation by the Council, and the funds for their maintainance can "only be raised from taxation ordered by ordinance of Council as provided by legislation. The school affairs of the city are under the exclusive jurisdiction of a Board of Education composed of one member from each ward. The total taxable valuation for 1876 was $73,305,277. The estimate of taxes levied for city purposes in 1876 was as follows : Sanitary Fund General Fund l Infirmary l Fire Department 2 Gas Department l Bridge Department Park House of Correction Police Department 2 Street Department l Street Intersection Dredging Total 12 1-20 883,328 58 No. OF Amount Levied Mills. for each Fund. 3-IO $ 21,991 58 7-IO 124,618 97 1-20 76,970 54 5-2O 164,936 87 I3-2O 120,953 71 5-2O 18,326 32 4-20 14,661 05 3-IO 21,991 58 5-2O 164,936 88 5- 20 91,631 60 1 1-20 40,317 90 3-10 21,991 58 4 8 f i Iwdand jjttut h cited. Total — brought forward 12 i-2o 883,328 58 Superior Court 4-20 14,661 05 Interest 5 0-00 366,526 39 Sinking Fund. ... 1 5-10 109,957 9 2 Total 18 15-20 $1,374,473 94 This is exclusive of special taxation and taxation for school purposes. On the first of January, 1S76, the total amount of bonded indebted- ness of the city for all purposes was $8,097,900. Of this amount, $2,937,900 was incurred for special improvements, to be paid for by particular sections of the city benefited by the improvements, leaving $5,160,000 to be met by the city at large. The maturity of these bonds is spread over a period of twenty years. The general bonds of the city were issued for the following purposes : Water Works .... $1,575,000 Funded Debt 1,722,000 Infirmary 10,000 Lake View Park 31 5,000 Canal 195,000 Viaduct, Street, and Bridge .... 718,000 School Bonds, East Cleveland 1,000 School Bonds 424,000 House of Correction 200,000 $5,160,000 The Water Works bonds are secured by a special sinking fund arising from the subscription of the city to certain railroad stocks a number of years since and placed by the legislature under the management of a special board of commissioners. At their last annual report, January 1st, 1876, the face value of the securities in which this fund is invested was stated at $1,863,736 41. Over one million of this amount is believed to be worth its face value. The remainder is at some discount. Jdkvciaiid G jJ}l Initialed. AQ The Fire Department of Cleveland is one of the most perfectly- organized and effective in the United States. The government is vested in a Board of Commissioners elected by the people. The executive is confided to a chief, John A. Bennett; first assistant, James Dickinson ; second assistant and superintendent of telegraphs, H. H. Rebbeck ; third assistant, Joseph Speddy. There are in the department 1 1 steamers with steam constantly on, 4 hook and ladder companies, 1 protection company, and 19 hose carts, reeling 15,000 feet of hose. Besides the general officers already mentioned, there are 1 1 engineers of steamers, 1 1 stokers, 4 captains of hook and ladder companies, r captain of protection company, 5 tillermen, and 91 firemen. Everything connected with the department is kept in the highest state of efficiency. The latest and most perfect improve- ments are adopted. A fire-alarm telegraph connects the 155 signal boxes with every engine house, so that an alarm turned in at either one of the boxes is conveyed at once to all engine houses. Not only is the signal struck in each house, but the same current of electricity opens the doors so that the horses are freed from their stalls, when they run to their places in readiness to be hitched to the apparatus. As the engine starts out the first revolution of the wheels strikes a friction match under the fire box and sets fire to the charge. From the moment the alarm is struck in the house until the apparatus is in the street occupies only twenty seconds. On returning from the fire a signal is sent over the wires announcing the return and that the apparatus is again ready for service. There is in the fire-alarm telegraph 151 miles of wire, a large proportion of which is used exclusively by the department, whilst a part is also used for police purposes. Sixty horses are employed in the service and are kept in admirable condition. The total receipts for the department in 1875 were $193,423.31; the total expenditures for the same year, $170,976.59 ; showing a credit balance of $22,446.71. The total number of alarms to which the department responded in the year was 284, the total amount of losses being $137,122 66. The insurance amounted to $545,800, or an excess of insurance of $408,677.34. In responding to these alarms the apparatus ran 4 50 M C/crciif/fJ ' UMurt'uiUd "X/lcvcland 1C7/ 'Initiated. 5 / 6,036^ miles and worked 533^ hours. A comparison of the returns for eleven years shows the losses to be less in 1875 than in either of the preceding years, although the number of fires was greater. The Police Department, under its present organization, is governed by a Board of Commissioners elected by the people. The force consists of a superintendent, 2 captains, 10 lieutenants, 1 cap- tain of detectives, 8 detectives, 7 sergeants, 1 superintendent's clerk, and 138 patrolmen. The city is divided into eight precincts. The station houses are located as follows : First Precinct, on Champlain street, west of Seneca street ; Second Precinct, corner of Nevada and Oregon streets; Third and Sixth Precincts, on Forest street, between Burvvell and Croton streets; Fourth Precinct, on Detroit street, near Pearl street; Fifth Precinct, on Barber avenue, south of Columbus street; Seventh Precinct, room on second floor of Hovey's block, Euclid avenue ; Eighth Precinct, on Wales street. The report for the year 1875 inventories the public property belonging to the Police Department at $172,553.19 The average yearly attendance of each man was 354 days; the average Toss, each man, 9 days. The total time lost by sickness was 1,201 days, and by other causes 309 days. The detective service report shows the total number of arrests to be 340, of which number 87 were felonies, subjecting the criminal, on conviction, to imprisonment in the penitentiary. The amount of property recovered is valued at $22,135.91, or forty-four per cent, of all reported lost. The total number of arrests by the force was 8,823; amount of property reported stolen, $50,109.77; amount of property recovered, $29,273.35 ; fines and costs collected, $20,317.40. Fourteen per cent, of all arrests were minors. Of the number arrested, 4,138 were native and 4,685 foreign born; of the latter, 2,081 were natives of Ireland, 1,249 of Germany, 506 of England, 259 of Canada, and 156 of Scotland. Number of emigrants passing through the city, 16,286. Of this number, 1,323 settled in Cleve- land. The total expenditures for the department in 1875 amounted to $168,350.68. Deducting the amounts paid by the Police Depart- ment to the City Treasury and Work House fund, the net expenses were $156,604.53. 52 A § kr eland '-.xjltutftated. The Cleveland Water Works supply the city with water from Lake Erie. Work was commenced August 10, 1854, and on the 19th of September, 1856, had so far progressed that water was tempora- rily let on. The inlet pipe was run out into the lake, west of the old river-bed. It was of boiler plate, three-eighths of an inch thick and fifty inches in diameter, extending from the shore to the source of supply at 12 feet depth of water, and terminating in the lake at a circular tower, constructed of piles driven into the bottom of the lake. A brick aqueduct connected the shore end of the inlet pipe with the engine house, about half a mile distant. From the water works. engine house the water is conveyed 2,300 feet to the reservoir, on Franklin, Kentucky, and Duane streets, built on a ridge thirty feet higher than any other ground in the city. The water was first introduced into the city temporarily at the earnest solicitation of the Mayor, Common Council, and Trustees of Water Works, in which the citizens generally participated, on the occasion of the State Fair, on the 24th of September, 1856. Apart from the Fair, this event was hailed with demonstrations of great joy as the celebration of the introduction of the waters of Lake Erie into the city of Cleveland. At the intersection of the roadways crossing at the center of the imiwtland imlluiUuted. 53 Public Square, a capacious fountain was erected, from which was thrown a jet of water high into the air, which, as the center of greatest attraction, gratified thousands of admiring spectators. It became necessary after the Fair to shut off the water, some pipes having broken. The repairs were promptly made, and the water let on the city again ; since which time the supply has been regular and uninterrupted. About twelve years after the opening of the Water Works, preliminary surveys were commenced for replacing the inlet pipe by a tunnel, of larger dimensions and taking the water from a greater distance out in the lake, beyond the reach of the river impurities and outside of the ordinary ice line. That work has now been completed. The lake tunnel is i% miles long, with a vertical diameter of 5 T % feet ; horizontal diameter, 5 feet ; depth of lake shaft below surface of water, qo t 2 j feet ; bottom of shore shaft, 6j^ feet below surface of water ; internal diameter of each shaft, 8 feet. The protection crib is built of 12-inch square white pine timber, 61 feet high, pentagonal in form, each outer side measuring 54 feet, each side of inner wall forming a well-hole measuring 19 feet. There is also a middle wall midway between the outer and inner walls. The distance from the outer to the inner walls is 24 feet. The whole is covered with two-inch oak plank, and at the water line is a course of boiler plate one-half inch thick and five feet deep, extending around the crib to protect the timber from the action of the ice. The space between the inner and outer walls is filled with stone, from the bottom of the lake to the top of the crib, and about 400 cords of stone are piled around the crib. The building on the crib is fitted up for the light-keeper, and the whole is surmounted by a lighthouse 50 feet above the water, containing a Government light of the sixth order, visible from all points of the compass. The total cost of the entire work, including crib, tunnel and connections, was $320,351.72. The old shore tunnel is to be replaced by a new one, half a mile long, 6 feet high, and 5^2 feet wide. The contract price for the shore tunnel is $52,500. The height of the tower at the engine house, up which the water is forced by the pumps, is 170 feet above the surface of the water. The capacity of the reservoir is six million 54 C /i'tinf/ta c s3ttu51iaiai gallons. The total amount of pipe laid is ioo miles. The water is pumped by four engines, one built in Cleveland, one in Brooklyn, New Vork, and two in the city of New York. The pumping capacity is 28,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. The bonded debt incur- red for water works purposes is $1,675,000, and another $100,000 has been authorized. The annual receipts for rents and permits in 1875 aggregated $114,720.28. The expenditures for operating pur- poses and repairs were $69,396; for pipe extension and other permanent improvements, $109,446.38. Prof. Morley, in a commu- nication to the Superintendent of Water Works, called attention to the improvement in the quality of water supplied after the comple- tion of the tunnel. In November, 1873, before the opening of the tunnel, the amount of solid matter dissolved and suspended in the water, as determined in a sample of water drawn at the Cleveland Medical College, was 240 parts in a million. In November, 1874, after the opening of the tunnel, in a similar state of winds, weather and -other circumstances, the amount was but 131 parts in a million. That the water had been more clear and limpid is a matter of com- mon observation. In November, 1873, a test known to chemists as the permanganate test distinctly showed in five minutes the presence of organic impurity; but in November, 1874, after the supply began to be drawn at a greater distance from the mouth of the river, the same test, all the circumstances being the same as in the previous experi- ment, failed to show as distinctly, even in two hours, the presence of easily oxidizable organic matter. The Board of City Improvements has general charge of streets, sewers and bridges. The board is made up of the Mayor, who presides, the City Civil Engineer, Street Commissioner, Chairman of the Council Committee on Streets, and one citizen member. In the spring of 1876 the length of streets under its charge aggregated about 250 miles, of which about 50 miles were paved with stone, wood or concrete. There were about 70 miles of main and branch sewers, with 5,000 house connections. The river is spanned by 13 bridges, in addition to which will be the viaduct now in % course of construction. The viaduct is one of three improvements authorized Wkveland 'Wlkiitiakd. DO 56 C /cue f and Vo? /turf luted. by a special act of the legislature, the three being intimately con- nected. To facilitate communication between the two sides of the river and to remove the dangers caused by the railroad tracks crossing at a level all the streets connecting with the bridges, a scheme was sanctioned by which a high viaduct and bridge is to be carried over the river valley from bank to bank, the railroad tracks sunk beneath the level of the streets leading to the existing bridges, and, for the purpose of rendering the latter improvement possible, the Ohio canal connected with the river at a point considerably higher up stream. The legislature authorized the issue of bonds for these purposes to the amount of $1,100,000, and in 1876 authorized an additional issue of $1,600,000, conditional on a ratification by the people at a special election. The election was held and the issue of the supplementary bonds ratified. Of the total amount, $2,700,000, the sum of $250,000 was appropriated to the removal of the canal weigh-lock and the making a new junction of the canal with the river; $250,000 for the city's half of the cost of lowering the tracks, the expense of which is to be borne jointly by the city and the railroad company ; and the remaining $2,200,000 is applicable to the construction of the viaduct and cost of right of way. The plans for the viaduct were adopted, and that part of it on the west side of the river, including the two river piers, was put under contract in 1874 and the work commenced in October of that year. The contractor is to complete the west side work and the two river piers by November 15, 1877. The approach to the viaduct starts on the west side from near the junction of Pearl and Detroit streets, and proceeds by a newly opened street and embankment a short distance, when the viaduct proper is com- menced, this being constructed of Berea sandstone. The river will be crossed by a draw-bridge, and the roadway then carried on iron- work and stone to the top of Superior street hill. When completed the improvement will be a street 3,200 feet long and mostly 64 feet wide, extending from the Atwater block on the east side to the junc- tion of Detroit and Pearl streets on the west side, crossing the valley of the Cuyahoga; the roadway will be 68 feet above the river. The viaduct proper, which is the great feature of the structure, consisting W ■ T& ' of eight arches 83 feet span, and one arch 97 feet span, 940 feet in length over all, 64 feet wide, and 72 feet in height above the pile foundation, would, if made into a single track railway viaduct, make a structure one mile in length and 67 feet in height. The draw- bridge will be 330 feet long, and the ironwork structure and retaining wall on the east side 755 feet. The width of roadway is 42 feet, flanked by two sidewalks each 1 1 feet wide. The draw-bridge will have a width of 36 feet. The cost of the structure, exclusive of right of way, is estimated at $1,470,000, and the total cost at $2,200,000. The new canal lock, connecting the canal and river, will have a lift of 14 feet. The chamber of the lock will be 100 feet long in the clear between the gates, and 17 feet in width. The City Civil Engineer caused a series of observations to be kept «of the stage of water in the river, these showing there was a variation, during the navigable season of 1875, of two and one-tenth feet, and the greatest variation during the past five years to have been in the year -1873, and was three and three-tenths feet. The usual depth to which the channel of the river has been dredged for an average stage of water in the lake and river is 14 feet. The streets are lighted by gas and oil. On the west side the gas is supplied by the West Side Gas Co., office No. 253 Pearl street, and on the east side by the Cleveland Gas-Light and Coke Co., office No. 356 Superior street. On the west side the length of main pipe is 26^ miles; number of consumers, 1,400; number of street lamps, 770. On the east side the length of main pipe is about 90 miles; number of consumers about 5,000; number of street gas lamps, 2,267. The number of oil street lamps on both sides of the river is ^065. The Infirmary is managed by a Board of Infirmary Directors, three in number, one being elected annually by the people. The report for the year 1875 shows there were 230 inmates remaining at the Infirmary at the close of 1874; born during the year 1875, 24; admitted, 553; inmates discharged during the year, 472; died, 65; remaining at date, 161 males and 109 females. Of these persons remaining, 63 were Americans; 116 born in Ireland; Germany, 53; 58 C hv eland "MUni U a fed. England, 22 ; Canada, 4; Scotland, 1; Switzerland, 3 ; Bohemia, 3; Wales, 2; Isle of Man, 1; Norway, 1; Denmark, 1. The actual expenses of the city board were $1 1,057.50: hills for out-door relief audited, $57,738.72; miscellaneous, $1,856.49; Infirmary proper, bills audited, $16,12915; farm produce, considered as purchase's, $3,884.50; cash received from taxes, $83,804.34; balance, $1,134.98. The Board of Directors of the House of Correction arc appointed by the Mayor and approved by the Council. The Work- house is situated on Woodland avenue, near the crossing of the ('. & WORK- HOUSE. P. R. R. The building is large and imposing, as will be seen by the illustration given. It includes male and female departments, admin- istration building, male and female workshops, chapel and hospital, engine-house and other accessories. The cost of the structure, including the cost of furnishing it, and two and a half acres of land on which it stands, is as nearly as can be ascertained $250,000. It is divided into two departments, one for adult and the other for juvenile offenders. The Work-house department was put into operation on the 1st of January, t 8 7 1 , and the Refuge department W for juvenile offenders, on the ist of July following. Both depart- ments are confided to the management of a board of five directors, appointed for the term of five years, one going out, and one coming into office each year. The whole number of inmates confined in these institutions, in the course of the first year, was 585 ; in the second, 1,129; m tne third, 1,352; in the fourth, 1,560; in the fifth, 1,729. . The average number for the first year was 60; for the sec- ond, 192; for the third, 248; for the fourth, 304; for the fifth, 378. In comparing the financial results, it appears that for the first year the cash receipts paid into the city treasury were $1,200, and the expenditures $34,697.13; for the second year the receipts were $6,903.33, and the expenditures $28,146.93 ; for the third year the receipts were $37,690.64, and the expenditures $42,962.46 ; for the fourth year the receipts were $51,000.81, and the expenditures $65,382.41 ; and for the fifth year the receipts were $56,342.74, and the expenditures, including the cost of improvements, $84,662.04. The inmates of the two departments are kept so separated as to pre- vent all intercourse or communication with each other, and are placed under the supervision and control of the same officers. The employments consist in seating chairs, manufacturing brushes and paper boxes. The institution is intended to be reformatory as well as punitive. Yet adult offenders are rarely reformed on the short sen- tences they usually receive. In the Refuge, where juvenile offenders may be retained until of age, if needful in order to effect their reformation and give them a good common school education, it is seldom that a failure to reform them occurs. At this time there are 160 youth in this department. It is proposed by the city authori- ties to provide for them a reform farm, at some convenient point in the county, where they can be better accommodated and be removed from the influence of a work-house atmosphere. \- The Cleveland Industrial School originated from a Sunday school known as the Ragged School, and was established near the close of the year 1856, by the City Council, as a day school. The old brick school-house on Champlain street was appropriated to its use, and Robert Waterton appointed its superintendent. The object 60 i(c I'c/a nd ( „cjf/i/-i ti a fed. of the school is to reach and gather in the neglected and uncared- for children of the city who seldom or never attend the public schools, and give them, as far as practicable, a common school education, with habits of industry and sound moral principles, and thus fit them to become good and useful citizens. As inducements to attend school these youth are given a daily dinner, with such articles of clothing as they most need, as rewards for good behavior and progress in their studies. Half their time is devoted to study and the other half to some industrial employment, such as sewing, knitting and domestic work. In the course of the last twenty years thousands of boys and girls of the city have been thus trained, and reclaimed from a life of ruin and moral degradation. It is an insti- INDUSTRIAL HOME, DETROIT STREET. tution, in its objects, highly creditable to the city, and should, under proper management, be liberally sustained. The Industrial Farm, School and Home was established on Detroit street. West Cleveland, in 1869. Its design is to receive, reclaim and educate "the neglected, destitute and homeless children of Cleveland and its vicinity," and thus provide for them a home until they can maintain themselves, or be otherwise provided with suitable homes in good families, either in the city or country. This institution is purely benevolent in its character, and is controlled by the "Children's Aid Society of Cleveland," which is an incorporated meveland ( m?Mu£ftafod. 6/ body, composed of some twenty philanthropic citizens of the city. It depends wholly for its support on the charities of the public. Its lands — a farm of sixty acres — came by donations; ten acres of which were given, with a large two-story brick dwelling upon it, by Mrs. Jennings, a lady of generous impulses and kind sympathies, who takes a great interest in the success of the enterprise. At present the school is composed exclusively of boys, about fifty in number as an average, who are here trained and treated as members of the same family, in accordance with the objects of the institution. It is a noble work, and deserves the encouragement of every Christian philanthropist and friend of humanity. 62 1 ere! and ^KiP-ilih fi aied. 1 1'lTiUC PARKS AND CEMETERIES. %,/?* HEX the plan of Cleveland was first laid out provision was £(® made for the accommodation oi the future townsmen on ]*&£&£) public occasions, by setting apart ten acres in the center of the town as a public square. This was to be forever devoted to the comfort, conve- nience and use of the citizens as a whole. For a long time it remained an I open common, crossed in all directions by jj foot-paths. It was made the ilfei 7 'Wvs l ) l a y-g roun d ot "iM the °°ys of the village; public meetings we re- held on it; every- thing of an out- door public na- ture took place there. Cattle grazed on its irecir"r\- r^. \ ^ PUBLIC SQUARE, NORTHWEST SECTION — 1876 scant}' herbage; horses were exercised on its broad area; and no doubt the wandering swine of the early inhabitants of the future city ploughed its turf with their snouts. The maps of the town for the first twenty years do not show any street crossing its surface, being j&£ • t'c re (an d "sjilui il a fed, 63 64 ^kvtiand &Uu6f'cated. carried only to the boundaries. How it looked in 1839 is shown in the illustration given on -the preceding page. The log jail and court-house of 18 12 stood on the northwest part, and the new court- house of 1828 stood on the southwest part. In course of time Superior and Ontario streets were carried through the Square, Euclid stopping as before at the southeast corner. The four plats thus made were fenced in, and became the favorite resort at night for stray cows, as the fence before long became dilapidated. Numerous pro- jects were broached for improving its appearance, involving the stoppage of travel by teams through it and the throwing the four "cow pastures" into one park. This was eventually done, notwith- standing strong opposition, the work of barricading the streets being done at night, to prevent an injunction being obtained between the passage of the order in Council and the commencement of working hours the following day. On the 10th of September, i860, the anni- versary of the battle of Lake Erie, the marble statue of Commodore Perry, which now graces the center of the park, was inaugurated with great ceremony, in the presence of one hundred thousand people drawn from several states to witness it and do honor to the day. The ceremonies were participated in by the governors and state officers of Ohio and Rhode Island, Commodore Perry being a native of the latter state, and military and masonic organizations of both states were also present and participated in the proceedings of the day. The oration was delivered by the historian, Hon. George Bancroft, and addresses were also made by survivors of the battle. In the afternoon a representation of the battle took place on the lake immediately off the city, the bank being thronged with spectators. The statue is eight feet and two inches in height, and stands on a pedestal of Rhode Island granite, the whole height, including the base, being twenty-five feet. The sculptor was William Walcutt, and the entire work of modeling and cutting the statue from a block of Carrara marble was done on the premises of the contractors, T. Jones & Son, Cleveland. It is believed this was the first attempt in a western state to execute a work of this character. The statue is pronounced, by those competent to judge, a good likeness of the pfowtand W0uiUwted. 65 Commodore, and the study of costume and appointments was made from the original materials. On the front of the pedestal is a circu- lar tablet bearing an alto-relievo representing the passage of Perry in a boat from the disabled Lawrence to the Niagara in the midst of the fight. The mon- ument is flank- ed by figures in marble of a sai- lor boy and a young midship- man. Within a few- years a great change has tak- en place in the appearance of the P u 1) 1 i c Square. Pro- vision was made by the legisla- ture for the cre- ation of a board of commission- e r s to take charge of the parks of the city, with pow- perry's monument. ers to levy a tax for their maintenance. The name of the Public Square was altered to Monumental Park. The surface was changed from a dead level to one of charming irregularity. In the southwest quarter a rustic fountain, with a couple of ponds connected by a 5 66 ■(aw (an a 'uitiCitcd waterfall, was constructed, the ponds being fringed with flowering plants and shrubs, and a rustic bridge thrown across the stream below # the fall. In the northwest quarter is a large fountain which throws a jet of water to a considerable height, with a circle of jets issuing from lilies around the central jet. The northeast quarter is occupied with a large rustic pavilion, surrounded with rock-work, &LJP. flowers, and ferns, and JS&l i^^^^^^^^^^ : ^^:^^^i^Q^M having foun- %4S^^^^^^^Pl*^- ; " v; J^y^ inu from its ^mSW^P^^^^-:^^^ side. In this zSWt>-\ fir • .■-'-" ■■ ^Wh • , • ^111 pavilion on summer eve- nings a band givesopenair concerts for the benefit of the citizens who throng thewalksand open spaces in the neigh- lorhood. The park is well shaded with elm and maple trees, 1 tanks of flow- ers of brilliant color are scattered over the area, the turf is thick and smooth, and the most diligent care shown in keeping the grounds in perfect order. Near the center are two war trophies: a cannon captured from the British in the battle of Lake Erie, and a field- piece captured by the Cleveland Light Artillery at Carrick's Ford, West Virginia, in the war of the rebellion. The first city flag-pole MONUMENTAL PARK. RUSTIC 15 RIDGE. i&kwland 'Sllu&Uafad. 67 erected on the park was in 1861. In April of that year, when Fort Sumter was fired upon, the Cleveland Grays had their rendezvous in Lyman's Hall. When the call for 75,000 volunteers was issued, a flag was suspended between the Grays' armory and the court-house; but the place was not suitable from which to float America's colors, and the idea of a flag-pole on the square was then suggested. Jas. Pannel and Da- vid Price went to work, and by one dollar sub- scriptions soon raised sufficient money to carry out the idea. They contract- ed for a pole, selecting the spars t h e m - l K selves, and had \ it erected about the middle of May, of that year. The main mast was about eighty feet in length, and the top mast fifty- SUPERIOR ST., WEST FROM MONUMENTAL PARK. five feet. It was planted nine feet in the ground, plank, two inches thick, twelve inches wide and eight feet long, being spiked to the sides of the pole beneath the ground, as a support. In planting it was also protected by a liberal application of salt and tar. In the top of the main mast a two-inch hole, eight feet in depth, was made 68 y/cr c/(///d e £Milu& ti a fed. and filled with salt. This hole was covered with a sheet of copper. The first flag run up the pole was made of merino, bunting being so scarce at that time that not enough could be found for the purpose. This flag was twenty-six by forty feet, and was paid for by the city. It did not stand the wear long, and was soon replaced by one made of bunting. About the year 1868 the idea of putting a weather vane on the top of the pole was |p conceived, but / '-,-u> tlie topmast was not strong enough to bear it, and was ac- cordingly tak- en down and a new one put up. In 1875 the pole was blown down by a furious gale, when it was found to be dry-rotten throughout. In 1876 the same persons, with some friends, pro- posed to erect another pole. Subscriptions were readily obtained, and at sunrise of July 4, 1876, the pole was formally presented to the city, with appropriate exercises, by the subscribers. The pole is one hundred and sixty-eight feet high, the upper section, of sixty feet, being of wood, ami the lower composed of Bessemer steel, three-eighths of an inch thick, rolled in plates and riveted together so as to form a hollow cylinder. The steel pole weighs about six MONUMENTAL PARK, PROM FOREST CITY HOUSE. jo lev eland \<$llutf'caUd. . Q9 tons. The bottom rests on a Berea stone block ten feet square and one foot thick, which weighs nine tons. This stone is eleven feet under ground, and around it is built a frame box reaching to the surface, the space thus formed being filled with concrete and broken stone. Before this was filled in, four heavy iron beams were placed in. At the surface two large braces of the same kind of rock inclose the pole, and to these a heavy iron collar on the pole is fastened, making it perfectly safe and secure. Upon this collar are medallions bearing the dates 1776 and 1876, interlaced with each other and surrounded with the inscriptions "United we stand; divided we fall," and "The Flag of our Union forever." Lake View Park, occupying the lake front of the city from Seneca street eastward to Erie street, is a pleasure ground of new creation and is not yet quite completed. Its site was, until very recently, a ragged bluff, with unsightly gullies at intervals, around which clustered wretched shanties. Authority being given the city for the purpose, the lake front between the points already mentioned was appropriated for public uses and placed in the keeping of the Park Commissioners for improvement. They went vigorously to work and in a short time effected a complete change in the appear- ance of the city as seen from the lake or railroad. Summit street was removed farther from the edge of the bluff, and made a wide, handsome drive the entire length of the park. The face of the bluff was graded and terraced. Trees were planted, rock-work piled up, the numerous springs in the side hill taken up for fountains, the unsightly gullies converted into small lakes fed by series of cascades. In the course of a year, taste, skill, money and labor had wrought a complete revolution. Lake View Park to-day, considering its limited extent, is one of the most attractive spots to be found anywhere in the shape of a public park. Every pleasant evening sees it crowded with people drawn thither by its beauty and by the opportunity it affords for a view of the ever charming panorama of the lake, with its wide expanse of water, dotted with white sails, and crossed at frequent intervals with steamers, lit up by the gorgeous and swiftly changing hues of sunset. The park now includes nine acres in a 70 mm/and 'xJ((u6t'cated. ■ ^Cleveland imihiiUated. 71 long and narrow strip, of which the utmost has been made. The grounds of the Marine Hospital are to be included in its extent shortly, which will increase its area to eleven acres. Along the entire length, above and below, run broad carriage drives with occasional roads of connection, whilst foot-paths traverse the space in all direc- tions. Between the park and the lake, and separated from the former by an iron railing, are the tracks of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern and Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroads, passengers by these lines having a full view of the park as they approach or leave the Union Depot, which is near the Western end of Lake View. THE CIRCLE, WEST SIDE. The Circle, west side, was an open space on Franklin street, from which Hanover and other streets radiated. The Park Commis- sioners have greatly improved it by grassing and ornamenting the space between the streets. In the center rises a structure of rock- work, covered with plants, vines, and flowers in their season, the whole being surmounted by a rustic arbor and lit by gas lamps. Jets of water issue from the corners of the pile and fall into basins of rock-work. Here on summer evenings a band frequently plays for 72 , tit refund ' 'J tfti Elated the entertainment of the people who throng to the pretty little breathing space. The illustration gives a very good representation of the structure in the Circle. Clinton Park is a space on Lake street, surrounded by Clinton Court, which is handsomely shaded with trees and kept in good order for the accommodation of the residents of that part of the city. The Erie Stref.t Cemetery is the oldest now in existence in the city. An older burying ground was at the corner of Prospect and ERIF. STREET CEMETERY — ENTRANCE. Ontario streets, hut this was abandoned very many years ago, and its existence had been almost forgotten when, in digging for the foun- dation of a new block some years since, the remains of a number of bodies were found. The land fen- the Erie Street Cemetery, ten and a quarter acres in extent, was given to the settlement in 1808 by the Connecticut Land Company, under whose auspices the town was laid out and settled. Whether any bodies were placed in it before 1817 is not definitely known, as the records for the first few years were Mtevdand iBllu&tiaied. 73 accidentally burned. The first recorded burial in these grounds was in 1817. The sentiment of the people was not in favor of the site, it being considered too far away from the settled part of the town, and there was a decided objection to taking the bodies of the deceased Clevelanders so far out into the forest. The oldest graves are now to be found just inside the Erie street entrance, south of the gate. The grounds are laid out in twelve sections, containing from two hundred to three hundred lots in each section. The main avenue is heavily shaded with trees, and well-grown trees are scat- tered over the entire space. Many tombs and monuments are of imposing and tasteful design. The receiving vault, situated in the east center, is ten feet by twenty-four feet, mostly beneath the surface, and entered by an. arch. The cemetery is now so crowded that no interments are permitted except in lots already owned by the representatives of the deceased, and many of the bodies pre- viously interred there have been removed by the friends to the other and newer cemeteries. Within a few years great improvements have been made in the surroundings. A new and tasteful iron fence has been erected and an elegant main entrance gateway of cut stone was completed in 187 1, at a cost of $8,296. Our illustration shows this entrance. Woodland Cemetery, on the north side of Woodland avenue, between Cemetery and Giddings avenues, contains sixty acres of land, beautifully laid out. The tract was purchased by the city in August, 1 85 1. The old cemetery on Erie street had become insuf- ficient for the growing needs of the city, and it was seen to be too near the center of population, although once considered at too great a distance. The new cemetery was located at a distance so great that it was supposed no objection on account of neighborhood to residences could possibly be made for the next half century at the least. But it is already the center of a populous district, and removals are being made to the new Lake View Cemetery, still farther distant. The first interment in Woodland was made June 23, 1853, and now this city of the dead is thickly peopled. The main entrance is on Woodland avenue, through a handsome gothic 74 wdand ^cJf/i/ifiafed. gateway, erected in 1870 at a cost of between $7,000 and $S,ooo. The gateway is flanked by a chapel and waiting room, tastefully arranged. The receiving vault, a gothic structure, is a little to the east of the main entrance. In the center of the grounds is a spacious and handsome pavillion, commanding a view of some of the most artistically arranged portions of the grounds and many of the finest monuments. In the laying out and decoration of the cemetery much skill and taste have been displayed, and the monuments are WOODL AN D C E -N I E T E R V -MAIN ENTRANCE. in very many cases elaborate and elegant structures. During the summer season it is visited on Sundays and holidays by thousands of persons. Monroe Street Cemetery, on Monroe street, west side, between Green and Jersey streets, is handsomely laid out with drives and walks, and of late years has been kept in admirable order. In 1874 a new entrance gateway was erected, of the same general style as the main entrance of the Erie Street Cemetery. In the present year an office and ladies' waiting room were added, the total cost of the V- hwland C M //imitated. 75 whole being $7,700. In the south end of the grounds is the receiving vault, a gothic building, eighteen feet by twenty-four feet, the interior of which is arranged on an entirely new plan for handling caskets. Lake View Cemetery, on Euclid avenue, is beyond the city limits, in the village of East Cleveland, being distant five miles from Monumental Park. It is reached by a beautiful drive on Euclid LAKE VIEW CEMETERY FRONT VIEW OF RECEIVING VAULT. avenue and also by the East Cleveland street car line from the foot of Superior street. The cemetery is the property of an association acting under a law passed for the purpose in 1870. This law author- ized the purchase by the association of lands for cemetery purposes not to exceed five hundred acres in extent, and provided that all the 6 k$leve<_; 77 and judiciously applied capital made visible at every point. The enterprise was a success from the commencement. Lots were freely purchased and a great number of persons having valuable lots in the other cemeteries abandoned them and removed the bodies there interred to Lake View. Costly monuments were erected, vieing in elegance and artistic taste with the best in any cemetery in the land. The grounds are now so attractive and the road thither so pleasant, that it is a favorite drive for citizens, and a place no stranger should LAKE VIEW CEMETERY POND. fail to see. The association continues under the presidency of J. H. Wade, with C. W. Lepper as secretary and treasurer. Riverside Cemetery is a new enterprise, conducted by an asso- ciation on the same plan as Lake View Cemetery, and under the same act of the legislature. The land was known as the Brainard farm. It comprises one hundred and two acres and is somewhat less than three miles from Monumental Park, just south of the junction of Scranton avenue and the old Columbus road, on the eastern side of the latter, extending to the valley of the Cuyahoga river, and touching at one point the track of the Valley Railroad. The front 78 t level and sQilmtiaUd. is ample, though comparatively narrow, but the north and south lines diverge from it to a considerable width, and, with the eastern, are irregular — the front or western only being straight. A deep ravine is the northern limit, while two or three others in the southern and central lines unite in a large one, the lowest point of which is scarcely above the level of the river bottom land, and some one hundred feet below the highest point of elevation of the plateau above. The streams and ravines in part are to be formed into ponds, of which there will be four; one of four and a half acres, one of one and a fourth acre, and two of one acre each. Three bridges will connect drives at points that present charming vistas; one bridge will be rustic with a span of one hundred and seventeen feet, and one with a span of one hundred and twenty feet. There will be three cas- cades. The drives will be of a united length of five and a third miles. Not far from the entrance will he a tomb or vault and a chapel. From this chapel, extending in a straight line to the east- ward one thousand feet, is laid out a broad avenue terminating at a fountain, the basin of which will be fifty feet in diameter, and a por- tion of the water of which will fall in smooth flow over the polished surface of a dark granite column, affording a charming and novel effect. The President of the association is Josiah Barber, and the executive committee is composed of Messrs. J. M. Curtiss, S. W. Sessions, Thomas Dixon, and George H. Foster. The Catholic Cemeterv is on the south side of Woodland ave- nue, between Geneva street and Giddings avenue, nearly opposite Woodland Cemetery. St. Mary's Cemetery is on the east side of Burton street, corner of Clark avenue. North Brooklyn Protestant Cemetery is on the west side of Scranton avenue, between Wade street and Seymour avenue. The Jewish Cemeteries are on Siam street, between Willet and Japan streets, having an area of one and a half acres. Hungarian Aid Cemetery is between Waverly street and Rocky River Railroad station. Chebra Kadisha Beth Israel Cemetery is between Waverly street and Rocky River Railroad station. Jvn " .73 Wkvdand ImMuiilatvd. 79 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. WO feature of Cleveland is a source of more pride on the part of the citizens than the public schools. They are known to educators all over the Union as ranking among the highest, and visitors from all parts have borne testimony to their excellence. Unsought tributes have been received from foreign countries, repre- sentatives of whose best educational experience have from time to time made a tour of inspection among the schools of American cities bearing the highest repute, in order to study their working and copy their best points so far as practicable. At the Vienna Exposition of 1873 the exhibit made by the Cleveland schools won a diploma for superiority of school system, in a competition open to the schools of the world. The exhibit at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, in 1S76, where again the Cleveland schools came in competition with the schools of all nations, was no less creditable. The system is composed of primary, grammar and high schools, with a normal school for training teachers. No city in the United States, of its size and class, surpasses, if it equals, Cleveland in the number and per- fection of its school buildings, and in this respect it challenges competition with cities much larger and older. The buildings are large, roomy, and provided with every improvement in construction, furniture, and educational appliances. The later erected grammar- school buildings range in cost from $50,000 to ^70,000, exclusive of the land, and without furniture. So rapid is the increase of demand for school facilities, that although the work of erecting large and costly buildings goes on continuously the supply keeps far behind the demand ; the new buildings are crowded as soon as completed, and it becomes necessary in every case to supplement the new brick "educational palaces" with a number of frame "relief buildings," until another large structure can be built. The report for the school year ending August 31, 1875, shows there were in operation that 80 .Cleveland Zd /Initiated. aYA. iewiund fmfiitdkafed. 81 year 34 grammar and primary schools and 5 schools of higher grade. The number of teachers employed was 308. During 1876 new buildings were erected and several additional schools opened. The CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, EUCLID AVENUE. total number of scholars registered was 19,705 ; the average number of pupils belong to the schools, 14,031; the average daily attend- ance, 13,147. The following summaries show the classification: GRAMMAR AND PRIMARY. Boys. Giki s. Total. Registered 9.694 9>39^ 19,090 Average belonging 6,802 6,708 13,510 Average daily attendance 6,393 6,257 12,650 HIGHER SCHOOLS. Registered 265 350 615 Average belonging 230 290 520 Average daily attendance 221 276 497 TOTALS. Registered 9>959 9>74-6 l 9>7°5 Average belonging 7,°3 2 6,999 l 4>°3 ' Average daily attendance 6,61 5 6,532 1 3, 147 6 82 t (cvcfa/iu c X?ilu6tlaUd The continuance in school during the school year 1874-5, was Less than 2 months 1 1.0 per cent. 2 and less than 4 months 14.8 per cent. 4 and less than 6 months. ... 9.7 per cent. 6 and less than 8 months 1 2.9 per cent. 8 and less than 10 months. 23.8 per cent. Entire year 27.8 per cent. Total 100.0 The figures given above were for the school year ending with the summer vacation of 1875. The statistics at the opening of the schools for the school year 1875-6 indicate their rapid growth. At the opening in September, 1875, there were in the Grammar and Primary schools 295 teachers, in the High Schools 18, in the Normal 4, in the departments of music, drawing and penmanship 5, making in all over 320 who are engaged in the actual work of instruction in the schools. This was an increase of 12. The average daily attend- ance of pupils was 13,881 ; an increase of 734. The total actual cost of instruction of the grammar and primary schools in the school year 1874-5 was $169,905.58; of the normal and high schools, $32,252.55; total, $202,158.13. The financial report of the Board of Education for the school year 1874-5 shows that the receipts from the ordinary sources of revenue were as follows : Taxes (city levy), including Nevvburgh. . $32^,130 38 Taxes, state apportionment 69,804 47 Tuition of non-resident pupils 794 25 Total $395>7 2 9 10 Total expenditures for salaries of all regular employes $249,987 67 For building and all permanent improvements. . 62,602 38 All other expenditures 4 3>5°5 1 9 Total expenditures for all purposes 356,095 2 4 Receipts above all expenditures ^39,633 86 ■lev eland IC/f/iufc a fed. 83 As showing the comparative cost of tuition per capita, the fol- lowing table is taken from the United States Commissioner of Education's last annual report: Average Expense i-er Capita. Compared with Cleveland. C Mo o c a c Alleghany S 1 3 55 Baltimore 17 37 Boston 23 44 Chicago 16 73 Cincinnati 19 84 Cleveland ' 5 79 Columbus l 5 96 Dayton 19 28 Detroit 1242 Fert Wayne 1787 Indianapolis 16 25 New Haven 18 09 Newark ... 15 00 New York 21 62 New Orleans 22 22 Pittsburgh 19 13 Rochester ... 1 6 26 St. Louis 20 92 San Francisco 26 36 Springfield, Mass 21 83 Toledo 16 08 Worcester 1 7 24 Zanesviile .... 17 59 t, a. >-a o y. a a „M 5? ° « $5 78 4 5 2 7 9 6 3 33 4 5° 4 93 622 3° 20 58 67 72 92 6 6 6 4 4 4 7 76 6 04 6 02 8 68 9 20 7 4 2 8 56 6 82 5 68 7 2 4 5l 9 33 21 89 3 1 4° 20 06 2 4 34 20 72 22 18 25 5 8 18 62 24 45 20 92 22 81 19 92 29 38 28 26 25 15 24 94 30 12 33 78 3° 39 22 90 22 92 24 83 1 17 10 68 1 46 4 86 3 73 20 2 09 8 66 7 54 4 43 4 22 9 4° 13 06 9 6 7 2 18 2 20 4 n ;i 39- 66 80 From which it appears that in eighteen of these cities the cost per capita exceeds that in Cleveland — the most of them largely — while in only four is it less, and but a trifle. In reality the cost is less in but three of these cities. In his last annual report the president of the Chicago School Board says : " Of the large number in attendance last year, some ten thousand could be given only half-day sessions, owing to the want of school room." Had these children been given 84 a. (cvL'taud '.Ul/u^ fl a fed. full day sessions, their per capita cost would have considerably exceeded that of Cleveland. A comparison of the salaries paid during 1875 shows that Cleve- land paid an average of $659, whilst St. Louis paid $769, Chicago $799, and Cincinnati $833. NORMAL SCHOOL, EAGLE STREET. At present there are three high schools — Central, West and East. This arrangement will probably be modified with the erection of a new high school building for the east side of the river, which is to be commenced at an early date, the old Central building being inadequate to meet the rapidly increasing demands upon it. The existence of the three institutions is due to the progress of annexa- tion to the city's territory. The compact of union between Cleveland C'fepefaml "SkhtMt-afod. 85 and Ohio City stipulated that a high school should be erected and maintained on the west side as well as on the east side. The later annexation of East Cleveland corporation brought in a high school already established there. It is proposed to unite this with the Central in one large building in some part of the city east of the present Central. The normal school has been established two years. In the first year forty-two young ladies were graduated, and nearly all of them found situations in the city schools. The second year's class numbered forty-six. In the school-house on Eagle Street there are five classes, composed of small pupils, which are taught by the students of the normal school. There are two training teachers, who have general supervision of the teaching and give the young ladies all the instruction possible. They are appointed to this work on account of their special fitness for the kind of service required. The teachers from the normal school are detailed by turns, five teaching one week, and another five the next week. In this way they get a practical knowledge of the work, and by the time they have ended a course of one or two years in the school they are quite proficient, and prepared for regular work. By this plan the service of two salaried teachers for these schools is dispensed with, and money saved to the city. Quite a large portion of the normal pupils are from the graduating class of the high school ; others from differ- ent schools and towns outside of the county are also among the number. The General Superintendent of the Public Schools is A. J. Rickoff; Superintendent of High Schools, Dr. S. G. Williams; Principal of Normal School, Alexander Forbes. 86 6 lev ' eland %$Uulttaied. LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS. 'HE Cleveland Public Library was organized under an act of the legislature permitting boards of education in certain cities to establish libraries and levy a tax for their support. The remains of the old school libraries were gathered up to form a nucleus, and as the funds from taxation accumulated books were added. The location of the library was changed several times until the new City Hall was acquired by the city, when convenient rooms were allotted foi its use, and the library removed to its present per- manent location. The funds raised by taxation and from fines are expended exclusively in the purchase and binding of books. Salaries and all other expenses are paid out of the Board of Education fund. The receipts on account of the library fund proper, for the year 1875, were $7,121.36, and disbursements for books, papers, periodi- cals, and binding, $6,493.92. The amount in the hands of the Treasurer at the end of the year was $6,815.78. In the summer of 1876 the Librarian reported the number of volumes in all languages to be twenty-three thousand. During the previous year the num- ber of volumes drawn was two hundred and twenty-five thousand. Average number drawn per week, four thousand five hundred. About five thousand volumes are added yearly to the shelves. A reference room has been opened recently, in which there are twenty-five hundred volumes, to be consulted there only. A reading room has also been opened, which is supplied with thirty-one American daily papers, twenty-six American weeklies, seven English weeklies, and thirteen magazines. The whole number of visitors to the reading room for one day, from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m., was four hundred and forty-seven; the greatest number for any two hours was eighty- eight, between 8 a. m. and 10 a. m., and the least number thirty-five, between 5 p. m. and 7 P. M. The hours of the library and reference rooms are 10 a. m. to 9 P. M. ; reading room from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m. The use of all parts of the library is free to every resident of the city. ifgfowfattd ^mluiUat&d. 87 The Cleveland Library Association was incorporated in 1848, its purpose being for a library and an annual course of lectures. It was for many years the only public library in Cleveland, and of great value in an educational way, both by its library and its lectures. Its first president was the late William Case. The asso- ciation was the outgrowth of an organization formed in 181 1, when the first library of the city was established. That society was composed of seventeen members, all of whom are now dead. A financial depression which came upon the country soon after the formation of the society brought about its dissolution, and it was not until 1833 that the same element arose in the formation of a debating club, which was organized under the name of a lyceum. Its meetings were at first held in the second story of a frame build- ing which stood where the American House is now. When the old Stone Church was completed, the scene of its disputations was transferred to the basement of that church, entering by a door on Ontario street. In the fall of 1835 a reading room association was formed, sustained by voluntary subscriptions and contributions. A year later the Young Men's Literary Association was formed, intended for library purposes. Within one year it had collected eight hundred volumes. In 1843 this association was dissolved, and the books were scattered, some remaining in the hands of members, others being taken by creditors, and a few found their way into the present library. Two years after a fresh set of young men undertook the work, retaining the same name, but the principal objects were those of a library rather than a literary association. In 1848 it became a corporation under its present name, having been previously known as " The Young Men's Literary Association." Its two hundred shares of stock, at $10 each, increased its library to one thousand six hundred volumes, and a librarian was then "in attendance." At various times thereafter, through special efforts, substantial additions were made to its library. In 1858 a fund of $2,000 was subscribed. Its course of lectures were, for many years, more or less profitable, one year netting about $2,000. The remaining support has been by the annual fee of $3 from each person. In 1847 it had a small 88 imfawland c :x3lluit'calcd. room adjoining the Council Hall, then on the north side of Superior street. In 185 1 it was removed to the Herald building, where the post-office then was, and in 1856 it was removed to 221 Superior street. Mr. William Case was, from the first, much interested in the success of the library, and repeatedly served as its chief officer. It is understood that in planning the building now known as the Case Block, he designed for its use the rooms now occupied by it. He did not live to complete the building, but the library was given a perpetual lease of the rooms, and his portrait, as its first benefactor, decorates the wall. An effort was made, during the year 1867, to raise an endowment fund, but without success, and thus the society existed under its own management until 1870, living from member- ship fees and such donations as came, both solicited and unsolicited. On the 3d of May of that year the annual meeting was held, and by the strenuous efforts of a few members the constitution was so changed as to put the society under the directorship of five persons for life. The persons chosen were Samuel Williamson, James Bar- nett, H. M. Chapin, William Bingham and B. A. Stanard. These persons are yet all on the board except Mr. Williamson, who resigned, and W. J. Boardman was selected to fill the vacancy. Shortly after the meeting referred to above, Mr. Leonard Case gave to the asso- ciation an endowment fund of $25,000, the interest from which, with the yearly subscriptions and fees of members, has been its source of sustenance. Since that time the library has been in a very comfortable condition, and its benefits have been increased and expanded. It now contains many valuable works, and it has an attendance of first-class readers. It has never been a library such as the Public Library, miscellaneous in character, but rather of the scientific and special order, and such its benefactor desires that it shall continue to be. On the 6th of July, 1876, the trustees of the association were surprised by the receipt, from Mr. Leonard Case, of a deed of gift of the building in which the library rooms are situated, and the land on which it stands. The value of the prop- erty is estimated at $300,000, and from it an annual rental of about $20,000 is received. K&kvvland ^mfuiUaied. 89 The Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society occupies the entire third floor of the building of the Society for Savings, at the northeast corner of Monumental Park. It was founded in 1866, and was fortunate in getting at the start a very liberal lease, from the Society for Savings, of fire-proof rooms. It was not at first generally supported, and would no doubt have failed as a society, had it not been for the patient, tender assiduity of its president, to whom the city is indebted for years of labor bestowed with a view solely to public welfare. The growth of the society has been rapid ; very few have grown faster. At the end of ten years it has a museum — the best west of the Alleghanies — and a large library of works of use in its special purpose, containing many valuable and rare books and maps. It has also a large collection of valuable manuscripts relating to the early history of the county, its title and settlement. Its publications consist of thirty-two pamph- lets. It has an irreducible endowment of over $ro,ooo, and its life may be considered as assured. It has been of considerable value to the country in historical enterprises, being the means of procuring for the State "The St. Clair Papers," and getting published by the govern- ment "The Margry Papers," the most valuable manuscript collection of matter relating to the West — now being issued in Paris by M. Pierre Margry. Its terms of membership are $5 per year for annual members, and $100 for life. Its officers in 1876 are, President, Charles Whittlesey ; Secretary, C. C. Baldwin. This society is affiliated with the Cleveland Library Association, being organized under the charter of that association, but does not share in its property or income. The Kirtland Society ok Natural Science was formed in the spring of 1869, and the proper papers filed and its incorporation completed about June 1st of that year, its object being, in the words of its constitution, "the promotion of the study of the natural sciences and the collection and establishment of a museum of natural history, as a means of popular instruction and amusement." In September, 1870, the society reorganized as a branch of the Cleve- land Library Association. Its regular meetings are held on the 90 V lev eland Kdfilltiitlaled. v -s evenings of the first and third Monday of each month, and have been made interesting and instructive by the presentation of many original papers on subjects connected with natural history and sci- ence, and by social converse and discussion. The large and valuable museum of the society is at present well accommodated in a room in the upper story of the Cleveland Library Association Building, directly above those occupied by the Library Association proper, and contains, among others, the collection of mounted specimens of birds and mammals made by the late William Case, a large and superior collection of birds by R. K. Winslow, the entomological collection of the late John Fitzpatrick, bequeathed to the society by him, and the conchological cabinet of Dr. Jared P. Kirtland, the honorary president of the association. The same eminent naturalist has recently given to it also his large collections of birds and insects. The resident and corresponding members have been active and suc- cessful in enriching it with much valuable material, among which may be specially mentioned Dr. Sterling's fine series of casts of. the fresh water fishes of our region. The museum is open to the public without charge, on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons of each week, under the supervision of Mrs. L. O. Rawson, custodian in charge. Its library of books relating to its special objects is rapidly increasing, and has lately been enriched by the donation of Mr. F. R. Elliott's large collection of botanical and horticultural works. The society is supported by limited annual assessments upon its resident members and by the interest of its life membership fees of $100 each. The officers for the year 1876 are, R. K. Winslow, President; H. C. Gaylord, Secretary. The Cleveland Law Library occupies room 4, on the third floor of the Court House. It was founded by the Cleveland Law Library Association, organized in 187 1, and now numbering about seventy members, the funds being raised by the sale of stock. Since then an act of the legislature has been obtained, granting the asso- ciation a portion of the fines collected in the Police Court in state cases, and throwing the library open to the use of all the members of the bar. The book cases contain about three thousand volumes, mveland W#Uu&ttu$ed. 91 valued at $15,000. Among them is a case of English common law reports, dating back one hundred and fifty years. There are also Chancery and Exchequer reports, and reports of nearly all of the states in the Union. There are United States reports, digests and statutes, and a case of miscellaneous works. The room is beauti- fully carpeted and most elegantly frescoed. The portrait of the late Chief Justice Hitchcock is painted near the center of the ceiling, and a portrait of the late C. W. Palmer hangs in the room. The Young Men's Guild of Trinity Church have a reading room in the guild room at the rear of the rectory, No. 320 Superior street. The Young Men's Christian Association have a free library and reading room, elsvvhere noticed. There is a free reading room at the Bethel, 41 Union street. 92 'Cleveland c !pl(u-)f Kited. HOSPITALS AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. HE Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane, owned and supported by the state at large, is in the eastern part of °® the city. The building is large and occupies a command- ing position, in grounds which nature and art have united to make attractive. Immediately in front is a stream, separating the grounds from the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad track, which passes through the valley. A grove skirts the entire grounds, affording an abundance of shade and strolling room for the patients, and adding to the general beauty of the location. The main entrance is from Broad- way, winding through the grounds by shaded road-ways and pleasant foot-paths. A road passes in the rear, by which all the transportation of supplies is made. The building itself is an imposing structure, built of brick, with a stone front. The center is the administration building, to which, on either side, are attached large wings devoted to various uses of the hospital. The north wing contains the female wards and the south wing the male wards, there being nine wards in each. The administration building is devoted to the accommoda- tion of the superintendent and his assistants. The first floor contains the offices and general reception rooms, and the second is occupied by the superintendent and his family. On this floor are also located the State parlors, a richly furnished suite of rooms for the entertain- ment of State officials. The floor next above is occupied by the steward and assistant physicians, while the fourth floor is devoted to miscellaneous uses. This building is finished and furnished through- out in a tasteful and substantial manner. Between this and the chapel building, in the rear, is a spacious court. The chapel is on the third floor, the lower floors of that projection being devoted to laundry, culinary and other purposes. In the rear extension are the large engine and furnaces by which the entire building is heated. Through the basement are extended a line of car tracks, with small mhwland < W!llu6Uufod. 93 cars by which the food and other supplies are despatched to the various wards and sent up in dumb waiters. The more violent patients are kept in the outer wards, in order to keep them as far as possible from the better conditioned ones. In all of the wards two attend- ants are kept constantly to entertain and look after the patients, though in some of them it requires the presence of three per- o sons to attend to all the Jj duties required. These, § together with the many other persons required K about the hosDital, make a small army of persons o upon whose shoulders rest ~ the responsibility of car- £ insr for these unfortunate *& ° c beings. Water for drink- ^ ing and cooking purposes a- is obtained from a large _, fresh water spring, while w the large amount needed •* for other uses is forced up from the stream at the foot of the hill. At pres- ent the pumping engine is located immediately in front of the building, but it is intended to have it removed to the upper or southern portion of the yard, near the gas works. Visitors are admitted to the hospital on Wednesdays and Fridays, and during fair weather there is always a large attendance. 9 A ~ 'c I'd and %gttu& U a fed. One of the pleasantest features of the work at the hospital is the regular Wednesday evening dance, when all the milder patients are taken to the chapel and an evening of amusement enjoyed. This hospital represents the northeastern district of the State, composed of the following named counties: Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Ashta- bula, Trumbull, Mahoning, Columbiana, Carroll, Stark, Wayne, Holmes, Medina, Summit, Lorain, Portage and Tuscarawas. The capacity of the building is limited — six hundred — and for that reason the several counties composing the district are granted permission to send a certain number, being rated according to their population. Charity Hospital was founded about thirteen years since, through the efforts of Bishop Rappe, then the Catholic bishop of the Cleveland diocese. He enlisted the aid of leading citizens of all denominations, and in the fall of 1865 the building was so far com- pleted as to be ready for the reception of patients, the cost up to that time being about $75,000. The institution has no endowment, but is almost self-supporting, as a part of it is devoted to the reception of private patients, who pay a reasonable sum for their board and attend- ance. The hospital is a plain but substantial brick structure, three stories high, fronting on Perry street, Garden street running on the north and Marion street on its south side. The grounds are extensive and beautifully planted with shrubs and shade trees. A handsome flight of steps leads to the entrance hall, which is between two square towers. The basement is occupied by ordinary male patients. Immediately opposite the entrance door is the chapel, and on this, the first floor, the resident physician's rooms, the dispensary, and the surgery, where cases that require immediate attention are operated on. The female charity ward is on the north and the male charity ward on the south side, and each contains about twenty beds. On the second floor are the private rooms for patients who pay for their board and attendance. There are lavatories and water closets on each floor, and every convenience for the comfort and happiness of the patients. Behind the main building, and connected with it by a covered passage, wide enough to admit of a car on which patients who cannot walk are carried, is the clinic room for the students of Cleveland Ollutf'catcd. 95 the Medical Department of Wooster University, where lectures are delivered twice a week. During the past year a building for the accom- modation of lying-in women and foundlings has been erected in the rear of the clinic room and fronting on Marion street. This struc- ture is seventy-five feet long by forty-five feet wide and three stories high. In the basement are six rooms — dining room, kitchen, store rooms, lavatory and other conveniences. From the basement a wide 96 C/ci'c/and ?0M/u£fZated. staircase leads to the first floor, on which are two large, commodious and well lighted rooms, fourteen feet in height, for the foundlings, a dispensary, reception room, bath room, etc., a wide and airy passage running through from north to south. On the floor above two-thirds of the space is devoted to three lying-in rooms, each thirteen feet in height, with the necessary offices. The third story is divided into nine rooms and a lavatory, etc., devoted to patients who pay for the care and attention of which they avail themselves. The whole of the buildings are heated throughout with steam sup- plied from the boiler under the clinic room, and in the main struc- ture an elevator, run by steam, conveys patients to the floor on which they are to be located, without having to go up by the stair- case. The institution receives and cares for all patients, irrespective of creed or color. Although under the immediate care of the Sisters of Charity of the Roman Catholic Church, no distinction is made beyond that which is required by all charitable institutions — that they are fit and proper persons for the receipt of charity. The Medical Department of the University of Wooster, Dr. Weber, Dean, have, ever since the opening of the institution, undertaken to perform the surgical and medical work of the hospital for the clinical advant- ages which would accrue to the college. Mother Superior St. James is the matron, and she is assisted by a corps of sixteen Sisters of Charity, who act as nurses and take sole charge of the domestic duties of the hospital. The Cleveland City Hospital now occupies the building at the junction of Lake and Erie streets formerly known as the United States Marine Hospital. The building is of stone, three stories, one hundred and ten feet by ninety feet, and stands in the midst of five acres of grounds handsomely laid out in lawn and terrace. The site commands a view of lake scenery more extensive and beautiful than is to be obtained elsewhere upon the northern lakes, while the double- frontage and wide exterior corridors upon each story supply hygienic conditions of the greatest value. The arrangement of wards and rooms provides separately for each department — the charity and the pay patient. The private rooms for pay patients, are in the second ^§tevclann iBliuMtuhd. 97 98 Whwland <0Uutfiahd. and third stories of the east and west wings. They are furnished with taste and elegance, and contain all needful articles and appli- ances for the comfort of the sick. Many of the rooms were furnished and fitted up by churches and individuals. The Hospital was ori- ginally established several years since on Wilson street, and was then known as the Wilson Street Hospital. The building it occupied was formerly a private residence, and was refitted for hospital purposes. In the fall of 1875, the city obtained a lease of the United States Marine Hospital from the government for twenty years, and the property was turned over by the city to the Cleveland City Hospital managers on the same terms. The city as a municipality contributes nothing to the support of the institution, which depends wholly on voluntary contributions and pay patients. One principal source of assistance is by a plan of granting to companies, associations, con- gregations and individuals the privilege of keeping a patient in the hospital at all times for a stipulated sum. Thus railroad companies, churches and individuals, have been, on the payment of $250 annu- ally, granted the use of a bed, to which may be sent a patient at any time. By this plan quite a large share of the expense of the insti- tution is assumed. By these means the hospital has never been without the means of sustenance, and not a few worthy persons have been aided and provided for in times of distress and need. A good portion of the managing is in the hands of ladies, who exercise a constant watchfulness over the institution and attend to the minor details with untiring solicitude. The lease of the building places upon the management the responsibility of caring for the government patients in addition to their own. For this the payment is sixty-four cents per day each sailor, a sum which is barely sufficient to cover the actual expenditure for him. The report for 1875 shows the number of patients treated to have been one hundred and seventy men and seventy women. Of the whole number, one hundred and fifty-two were charity patients, thirty-one paying patients in whole or in part, and fifty-seven sailors under treatment of the United States surgeon. ^ieve/md ^SlhiiUwkd. 99 The Huron Street Hospital (Homeopathic), is situated next to the Homeopathic College on Huron street, and is under the exclu- sive control of homeopathists. It was established in 1872, the property being purchased at that time and the building immediately thrown open for occupation, with a capacity for twenty patients. During 1875, the number of patients under treatment was one hun- dred and forty-five, of whom eighty-four were charity and sixty-one pay patients. The number of patients remaining on the first of February, 1876, was fourteen. In connection with the Hospital is a Free Dispensary, in charge of the Hospital Physician. During the year ending February 1, 1S76, the number of patients treated was four hundred and eleven ; number of prescriptions, one thousand and forty; number of visits made, one hundred and fifty-nine; number of obstetric cases, three. The Dispensary is located at No. 99 Prospect street, and is open from 10 to 12 a. m. each day except Sundays. All worthy persons unable to pay for the services of a physician are here treated and supplied with medicines free of charge. The sup- port of the Hospital and Dispensary, in addition to what is received from pay patients, is obtained by voluntary contributions, proceeds of entertainments, and payments by the Homeopathic College and one of the railroad companies. The President of the Hospital Association is T. P. Handy, and Vice-President, J. H. Wade. The Retreat is a reformatory institution, under the care of the Women's Christian Association. Its object is to reclaim erring women from a life of degradation, by surrounding them with Christ- ian influences, and the shelter and protection of a Christian home. The present building was opened in November, 1874. It is pleas- antly located on St. Clair street, about two miles from the business part of the city ; is large and airy, and has been planned with great care. No arrangements for convenience or comfort have been omit- ted. The broad halls, large sitting and working rooms, the pleasant chapel, the hospital for the sick, the neat, small, but well ventilated sleeping rooms, designed to accommodate fifty inmates, attest the skill of the architect and good judgment of the building committee. The site, one hundred and fifty feet front by four hundred feet deep, 100 fawiand ^0{luitiaied was donated to the association. The Retreat was built by subscrip- tion of the citizens of Cleveland, and is sustained by charitable THE RETREAT, ST. CLAIR STREET. contributions. The family seldom numbers less than twenty-five, and the average per month has reached forty. The Boarding Home of the Women's Christian Association, No. 16 Walnut street, was first opened in November, 1869, and under the auspices of the Women's Christian Association held out its kindly offer of shelter and protection to deserving young women who were dependent upon their own exertions for support. There the comforts of a Christian home could be enjoyed, and plain but wholesome food furnished at prices suited to their ability to pay. Investigation into the condition of the cheap boarding houses of the city, had convinced several ladies that they were, for the most part, dreary and unattractive, affording no defence to the young and unwary against the temptations that lurk at every corner to turn the feet from the paths of rectitude. The house and lot were purchased and presented to the association by the late Stillman Witt. By the generous contributions of the citizens, the building was enlarged to accommodate twenty boarders. Before the close of the first year it was filled, and many more who needed its advantages were refused W/cvefand f^ikiiUukd. 101 for want of room. In this exigency, Mr. Witt purchased the adjoin- ing lot, and erected the commodious building which stands to-day the monument of his large-hearted benevolence. This enlarged Home was opened in January, 1873. It will accommodate sixty boarders. The rooms are airy and cheerful, furnished with neatness and taste through the benefactions of churches and individuals of Cleveland. The price of board ranges from $2.50 to $4.50 per week. A kind-hearted Christian woman occupies the position of matron, and so far as is in her power, sup- plies the place of mother to those who seek her counsel and claim her sympathy. A committee of ladies have the oversight of its management, subject to the direc- tion of the Women's Christian Association. The necessity which prompted its establishment will not cease to exist so long as a prosperous city calls to its various industries the sisters and daughters of more distant homes, and so long as changing fortunes compel one and another of the scattered households to leave the loving protection of home and friends to seek employment in a strange city. It is to meet the yearnings of these homeless ones that the boarding home of the Women's Chris- tian Association has set an open door, and invites to its friendly and Christian protection those who count such advantages as safeguards with which a friendless woman does well to surround herself. The Young Men's Christian Association building is located on the north side of Monumental Park. About the year 1850 a flourishing association was organized, which had rooms on Superior street, an extensive library and reading room, sent delegates to various conventions, and was effective in many ways. It continued until the war of 1861, which absorbed every interest, and the young men themselves mostly went into the Union army. From such WALNUT STREET. 102 r ii dvwtand %P/!/u6flated. associations sprang the germ of the Christian Commission. The present organization is less than ten years old. It has, however, taken a prominent place among the working associations of America. 79, NORTH SIDE PUBLIC SQUARE. It was the first one to engage in special work for railroad men. The main building was bought in 1872, and is free from debt. Its esti- mated value is $30,000. It includes a chapel, reading and music ^Cleveland ^ffktudttated. /OS rooms, parlors, and committee rooms, as well as a kitchen for use when social receptions are given. In the rear of this building is the modest structure known as the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home. The size of the building upon the ground is thirty by fifty feet, and it is divided into four rooms. The boys' sleeping apartments, with a capacity of twenty-five beds, occupies one-half of the entire build- ing, the remainder being subdivided into three rooms, consisting of school and reading room, office or superintendent's room, and ward- robe and store room. The building was completed and formally opened December 22, 1875, with beds for fifteen and furniture for a greater number. Night schools and a Sunday school are regularly held. The boys are charged a small amount for lodgings each week-day night, no charge being made on Sunday. Employment, temporary or permanent, is found for them when it is possible. Marked results have not been wanting of the fruitfulness of these endeavors. A railway reading room, under the auspices of the Association, was opened at the Union Depot in 1872, in charge of a General Secretary. The railway companies offered every encourage- ment ; and so great has been the success of the effort that calls have been made from many other railroad centers for advice and co-opera- tion in similar endeavors. Railway branches of these associations are now permanent facts in New York, Jersey City, Baltimore, Altoona, Chicago, Erie, Columbus and many other cities, all of which are the direct result of the effort begun by a member of the Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association. The Women's Christian Association was organized in Novem- ber, 1868, and incorporated April, 1869, having for its object the spiritual, moral and temporal welfare of women, especially young women dependent upon their own exertions for support. The varied work of the Association is divided among six committees, each of which meets monthly at the Home, and report at the board meeting the first Tuesday of each month; these are the Nominating, Mem- bership, Publishing, Home, Missionary, and Retreat Committees. A paper, the Earnest Worker, issued by the Publishing Committee, is the organ of the Association. It is not only self-supporting, but 1 04 J} X/icuc(Utid imlluiitaUd. yields an income of about $600 for the general work of the Associa- tion. The work of the Missionary Committee consists of visits to the Infirmary, Work-House, Jail, hospitals, etc., and has in charge a women's meeting, held weekly in the chapel of the Young Men's Christian Association. This meeting is an interesting and important one, at which from fifteen to twenty-five poor women gather. The time is spent in sewing, devotional exercises, followed by a cup of tea with simple refreshments. A missionary is sustained by the Association, doing general missionary work. The Home and Retreat Committees have charge of those institutions, already noticed. The officers of the Association are a president, six vice-presidents, secre- tary, treasurer, and sixteen or more directors. These compose the board of managers. The annual meeting occurs the first Tuesday of November; quarterly meetings in February, May and August. The Association Rooms are at the Home, on Walnut street, and consist of two large parlors, neatly furnished. All the board and committee meetings are held there. The President of the Associa- tion is Miss Sarah E. Fitch, and Secretary, Mrs. A. B. Leslie. Trinity Church Home, at No. 88 Scovill avenue, was founded in 1857 by Mr. Stubbs, who presented to Trinity Parish a building on the corner of Brownell and Pine streets, to be used as a refuge for the sick and friendless. In 1S58, an organization was incorpor- ated and a Home opened and made free to aged and indigent women of that and other churches. In 1861, an exchange was effected with Philo Scovill for the land on which the present Home is located. A matron was appointed, and since that time the Home has been filled with deserving inmates. The management is connected with the Episcopal Church, but persons from other denominations are admit- ted. The expenses are met by voluntary contributions, subscriptions and donations. The Board of Managers have a regular subscription list and make collections annually. The lady subscribers to this list pay $3 per year and give, what they term a "basket," either in provisions or an extra donation in money. Other churches make contributions also, as some of their members derive benefits there- from. The running expenses are from $900 to $1,100 annually. The iB/jvwland ^Muiitukd. / 05 Board of Managers have for several years past been accumulating money from various sources to establish a permanent fund, from the interest oji which they anticipate in time being able to pay the expenses of the institution. The Children's Home, of Trinity Church, at No. 90 Scovill avenue, was established in 1874, when Mrs. Wm. Bradford purchased the property for $5,000, and deeded it to the church, agreeing to keep it in repair three years. The house is a frame and is compar- atively new. At the opening of the school, it was made free to all children, and the quota was soon full. The Home accommodates about thirteen children and applications for admittance in excess of that number are made weekly but cannot be granted. Those of the children who are large enough, are taught to sew and do such work as they are capable ©f, while the smaller ones are instructed in the alphabet and taught to spell. The expenses are met by donations and contributions, collected by the Board of Managers. Many contributions are sent to the Home from other sources. Ths cost, in money, of carrying on the Home, including the salaries of matron and other help, averages about $125 per month. At the expiration of three years, it is hoped the Board, by some good fortune, will be able to build a large house and extend the privileges, making it a permanent institution. The Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, located on Woodland avenue, corner of Wilson avenue, occupies a large brick building which, with the grounds, surrounding it, is the property of the Asylum. The institution has been in existence about twenty- three years, during which time it has taken in and cared for many hundreds of children who otherwise would have been unprovided for. During the year 1875, there was an average of sixty children in the household, a large proportion of whom were quite small. The building is large and well fitted for the purpose to which it is applied. The location is very healthy, as is proved by the comparatively small proportion of cases of sickness. The institution is supported mainly by the proceeds of the endowments and bequests it has received / 06 6 (e refund <0 thrift a fed. from time to time. On the 21st of July, 1876, Mr. Leonard Case presented to the trustees a lot worth $25,000. It is in the immediate rear of the Retreat property on St. Clair street, and will front on Kirtland street, when that street is opened from Superior to St. Clair street. It has a frontage of three hundred feet, and is three hundred and twenty feet deep, extending back to a line through which another street will be laid out at some future day. The location is very appropriate, and has the quietude sought, besides being convenient to two street railroads. The property on Woodland will sell for sufficient to erect a fine building, every way adapted to the wants of the institution. During the year 1875, the receipts from all sources were $9,313.25, and expenditures for all purposes $7,592.86. In addition to the funds received from the investments, donations of money and goods are sometimes received and are always acceptable. The property is vested in three trustees whose terms of office are for three years, one retiring each year. The management of the insti- tution rests with a board of fifteen ladies, one third of whom retire annually. Boys and girls are received and cared for until they can be provided with homes or enabled to care for themselves. When of sufficient age, they are educated at the public: schools. The rule excludes children under two years of age, but infants are taken and cared for outside the Asylum walls, in many cases being adopted into families of persons without children of their own. All Protest- ant denominations are represented in the management, and no sec- tarianism is permitted in its conduct. The President is Mrs. B. Rouse and the Secretary Miss Anne Walworth. Mr. A. H. Shunk is the Superintendent and Mrs. Shunk the Matron. The Jewish Orphan Asylum occupies a large brick building in a tract of five and a quarter acres of ground, well improved, on Woodland avenue, near Sawtell avenue. The institution dates from 1868. At a meeting sometime previous of the Order I. O. O. B. for the district covering the western and southwestern States, a resolu- tion was adopted that each member pay an annual contribution of one dollar for the purpose of establishing an Orphan Asylum. In imhveian'd ijjjmluillafod. /07 1868, this fund had reached the sum of $10,000, and a committee appointed to locate the proposed Asylum reported in favor of Cleve- land. The property at present occupied was purchased, and by September of that year was in condition to receive inmates. The first year brought seventy-five children, and the number steadily increased each year until in 1875 the orphans at the Asylum num- bered two hundred. The building has been enlarged and refitted until it is now able to accommodate one hundred girls and one hun- dred and fifteen boys in separate departments. The total number registered is four hundred and six. One hundred and ninety-five have left, mostly old enough to work. The children are educated in the Asylum until they reach the C Grammar grade, when they are sent to the public schools. The girls are taught needle-work and house-keeping, and the boys are set to doing chores in the intervals of school, and taught some mechanical arts. They are carefully drilled for the sake of the discipline thus taught, and are neatly uniformed. Abundant amusements are provided, and the children are noticeable for their comfortable and cheerful appearance. The revenue of the institution is in excess of the expenditures. There is a sinking fund from legacies and an annual balance from revenue account. The average cost per annum of the orphans is $145. The President is A. Aub, of Cincinnati, and the Vice-President A. Wiener, of Cleveland. L. Aufrecht is the Superintendent. St. Mary's Orphan Asylum for Girls, on Harmon street, under the charge of an order of nuns known as the Sacred Heart of Mary, was founded about twenty-five years ago, and has since that time been kept full. The building is of brick, three stories high, and will accommodate one hundred and four children. The average number in the institution is one hundred. The Asylum is under the supervision of Madame Boucher, who is assisted by twenty-five Sisters of the Order. About two and a half hours of each day are spent in school, besides which the children are taught needlework, both plain and fancy. The ages of the children admitted to this institution range from five to sixteen years. When the girls are able / 08 <;6 (c re (a ml '..cjftm ii a fed. to sew sufficiently well they arc employed on work taken in, and the proceeds are applied to the maintenance of this and a branch orphan asylum. From the Asylum the girls generally go out into service, or find employment in other ways, with the consent of the authorities of the institution. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, on Woodland avenue, is a branch of the asylum on Harmon street, and is under similar management. Seventy children are here in charge of ten Sisters of the Order of the Sacred Heart of Mary. The ages of the children are from two to eight years. When they become nine years old they are sent to the parent establishment on Harmon street. The children are under the care of four teachers, who are always with them and attending to their immediate wants. Those of them who are old enough are given school instruction three hours each day, and a half hour is spent daily in catechism instruction. Two hours each day are spent in teaching them to sew and such other work as they are capable. of doing. They assist in keeping order about the home. The resources of the Asylum are kept up by general collections, fairs, donations, and the earnings of the older girls at St. Mary's. The Home for the Aged Poor, on Perry street, between Hazen and Creighton streets, was established at its present location in 1870. The object of the institution is the care of the aged and infirm poor. The home is under Catholic management, being conducted by eleven members of the Order of the Little Sisters of the Poor, but its benefits are not confined to members of that communion, and it draws its support from all classes of the community. The capacity of the home is seventy inmates. The Home of the Good Shepherd, a large three story brick building on Sterling avenue, was opened in July, 1875. The Sisters of the Good Shepherd, in whose charge the establishment is, had for six years previous occupied a smaller building on Lake street. The object of the establishment is two-fold — to furnish a home to quite young girls who are without homes or friends, and to reclaim fallen women. These classes are kept entirely separate. Those desiring Wievetand ImllitMiafad. /09 reformatory treatment, and who willingly enter the House, are placed under moral and religious influences as much as possible. The Sis- ters will not receive them for less than a year, as they think less than that time would be insufficient to bring about any permanent good results. There are about seventy inmates, divided almost equally as to numbers in the two classes. The institution is under the sole charge of sixteen Sisters, of whom Mother Mary of St. Alphonse is the lady superior. Five of these are out-door workers, while the remaining eleven are cloistered. The out-door workers employ their time in soliciting and delivering work, and the others attend to all the in-door work of teaching the inmates, both in school lessons and ordinary household work of all kinds. They are instructed in sewing of all kinds, both by hand and machinery, embroidery, and fine sewing. By this means a great portion of their support is received. They make work both to order and for general sale. The Flower Mission is a charity which commenced operations two or three years ago, under the management of one or two thoughtful and benevolent ladies. Since that time the interest in its work has greatly increased, and a number of ladies actively interest themselves in it, whilst contributions come in freely, either voluntarily or in response to appeals. The object is to furnish fresh flowers to the sick, the infirm, the poor, and those in prison. Hos- pitals, prisons, asylums, tenement houses, and poor cottages are alike visited whenever it is ascertained that some sick or poor inmates would be likely to be cheered in their sickness or distress by the sight or perfume of fresh and fragrant flowers. Whilst the furnishing of flowers is the primary object, the gifts distributed through the agency of this mission are not exclusively confined to, them. Fruits pictures, magazines and books are sometimes distributed,'especially at Christmas and New Year. The Friendly Inns are four in number, three being located on the east side of the river and one on the west side. The establish- ment of these institutions dates from the women's temperance move- ment of 1874. Places in which the women could carry on their 110 Vfci'c/and t&Uulitated temperance meetings were needed, and so first one room and after- ward others were opened; boarding houses attached to them as a means of self-support were added, and the Friendly Inns arrived at their present proportions. The principal establishment is at Central Place, where ample room and excellent accommodations are pro- vided. Another is on St. Clair street, and has proved successful. A CENTRAL PLACE FRIENDLY INN. third is on River street. The West Side Friendly Inn is on Pearl street. The plan of these inns is to provide pleasant rooms, well supplied with good reading, papers, periodicals and books, which are free to all persons who choose to use them, and to furnish good meals at low prices, with sleeping accommodations as far as practicable. Prayer meetings, Bible classes, temperance meetings, and mothers' meetings are held, occupying nearly every evening of the week. The ladies connected with the management conduct these meetings, and go out into the streets and alleys of the city to invite in the women , 6 i'erc (and ^0f(uSUafed. Iff especially to take part in them. Although but a year or two old these institutions have already accomplished a great deal of good. The Cleveland Bethel Union, whose operations cover a large field of benevolent work, was organized in January, 1867. The primary object was the care of the sailors w h o frequent the port, and the shielding them from t h e temptations to which, as a class, ^|§ they are peculiar- ly liable. Com- pelled, when on shore, to go to the public board ing houses near the harbor, in all of which intoxi- ■ eating liquors 3 were sold, they were necessarily subjected to the most debasing influences, which but few could resist, and which more than neutralized all the good attempted to be done for them. The same thing was true of a large number of single men engaged in various branches of work on land. There was absolute need of a Home where these men could find good accommodations at moderate rates, and be saved from these tempta- tions. Besides this, there was great need of some place where temporary shelter and food could be given, in worthy cases, to the homeless and friendless. In no way could these wants be met but by a Home, and the cheap eating room connected with it. A large and systematic mission work was a pressing necessity for the lower part of the city; and a commodious hall had to be secured. With COR. SUPERIOR AND UNION STS. 112 1 C" (cveland %?Mu6Uated. these as the main objects to be secured, the Society, in 1868, pur- chased the property on the corner of Superior and Union streets; and the Bethel Home was opened in March, 1869. A few years' experience in the management of the Home showed the necessity of free bunk lodgings. It was found that many worthy of aid could not be accommodated in the Home along with those who were able to pay for their board, and the free bunk lodgings, separate from the Home, in the north part of the block, were accordingly fitted up. It was also found absolutely necessary to provide temporary shelter and aid to friendless women and girls, and this necessitated the fitting up of rooms in the north part of the block for that purpose. Most of those requiring temporary shelter and aid wished to find work, and this, with the gross impositions practiced by many of the employment offices of the city, made an employment office a neces- sity. In addition, it was found that a system of out-door relief, by which cases could be reached that could not be relieved by the ordinary operations of the relief department of the city government, was essential to the fulfilment of the plan with which the organiza- tion had charged itself. The Bethel work at the present time is divided as follows: The Bethel Home to which is added the cheap eating room and the dining room for ladies and business men. This department is under the direct supervision of the superintendent and matron, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Braggins. It is not only self- supporting but pays enough over expenses to make a fair rent for the rooms occupied. The annual arrivals at the Home number about two thousand five hundred, and the receipts for the year end- ing in 1875, were nearly $28,000, the profits on which were about $1,650. The Bethel church — undenominational — the Sunday school, and the general mission work, are under the charge of Rev. S. Gregg, Chaplain, and J. D. Jones, Missionary, with L. Prentiss as Superin- tendent of the Sunday school. This work covers the field of the ships in harbor, the places where the saiiors are to be found when on shore, and the families living in the neighborhood of the docks. The Sunday school relief work and the temporary home for friend- less women and girls is under the management of the Ladies' Bethel Aid Society. In this department clothing is provided for children and mothers, and temporary shelter and food furnished women and girls in search of situations who have no other place of refuge. The general relief work and employment office is under the charge of S. Job, whose duty it is to receive the subscriptions and contribu- tions of the citizens who keep up this charity, examine into the cases of distress reported to him, and if found worthy, relieve their necessities, and find employment where possible for those seeking it. From $8,000 to $9,000 annually is in this way collected and dis- tributed, and many cases of imposture exposed, to the benefit of those really deserving relief. LAKE COMMERCE. W|[[wHE lake commerce of Cleveland at the present time, like (^|g<5) that of all the important lake cities, does not bear so large <^sWiQ) a proportion to the general business of the city as in the period before the railroad traffic had assumed its present formidable dimensions. The importance of Cleveland as a lake port dates from the completion of the Ohio Canal, in 1832. This brought to market, in connection with the lake highway, a rich country, the products of which were brought to Cleveland, where they were exchanged for salt, fish and merchandise. Two years after the opening of the canal the receipts amounted to over half a million bushels of wheat, a hundred thousand barrels of flour, a million pounds of butter and nearly seventy thousand pounds of cheese, with other articles in proportion. The opening of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, in 1841, opened communication with Pittsburgh, and added a trade in iron, nails and glass, to the other branches of business. In 1844 the commerce of Cleveland by lake had reached an aggregate of twenty millions for the year. The lake trade went on increasing with great rapidity for several years, in spite of the growth of the railroad m /crciund ^0dluitlaUd. CUYAHOGA RIVER. interests; but the multiplying of railroads continued until the com- petition for traffic became so great that rates by rail were reduced to a point at which lake vessels could scarcely carry at a profit. In this way the lake commerce of Cleveland, and of all the other lake cities, has greatly fallen off from the point reached some years ago. The business of the city has also changed much in character, it being now more of a manufacturing than produce shipping point. In spite of these facts, however, the lake commerce of the city con- tinues large and important. The custom house figures, owing to recent legislation, do not show the entire commerce of the port, but the figures for 1875 are as follows: Total value of entries, coast- wise, $13,106,590; value of entries, foreign, $840,797 ; total value of entries, $13,947,387. Total value of exports, coastwise, $50,464,462 ; value of exports, foreign, $781,869; total value of exports, $51,246,- 331. Number of vessels entered and cleared from the port of Cleveland during the season of 1875 : Entered, 2,916; cleared, 3,028; -fe^ v lev eland uiUated. 115 tonnage entered, 1,050,426 ; tonnage cleared, 1,086,377. Number of vessels built in the district of Cuyahoga during 1875 : Steam, 8, tonnage, 2,392; sail, 7, tonnage, 991. The shipbuilding business of Cleveland is large and the reputa- tion of Cleveland shipyards stands high along the whole line of lakes. Sail vessels of the finest class, propellers, and steam barges have been turned out, fully equipped, from this port, in great num- bers. Some of the largest sail and steam craft afloat on the lakes were built in Cleveland. Many of the Cleveland built sail vessels have gone from the lakes down the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic ocean, and have found profitable trade along the coast from New York down to the lowest ports of South America, whilst others are to be found in nearly every European sea, and several have engaged in direct trade between ports on the lakes and ports in Europe. CUYAHOGA RIVER. 116 'hvclartd i6) Park, north of Superior street, was erected about twenty years ago. In it are most of the government offices. The entire lower floor, with the principal portion of the basement, is devoted to the uses of the Post Office. That portion of the next floor above which faces the park is occupied by the Custom House officials; the rear range of rooms by officers of the courts and other government officials; the court-room and its subordinate offices being on the upper floor. The United States Courts are the Circuit Court, presided over by Judge Emmons, and the District Court, of which Hon. mivv-tland 'W'llui Hated. 125 Martin Welker is Judge. The Clerk is Earl Bill. The offices are held, the first two for life or during good behavior, and the last during the pleasure of the judges. A very large business is done by the courts at this point, especially in admiralty cases arising on the lakes. POST OFFICE AND CUSTOM HOUSE. The Custom House employs a number of officers for the dis- charge of regular custom house duty, and for the purpose of taking care of the building, which is placed by law in the charge of this department. A branch office for the convenience of ship-masters is located on the government pier. The Pension Agent's office is on the upper floor of the United States Building. The Post Office employs a force of seventy clerks, three lady assistants, thirty-two carriers, and twenty-three postal clerks. Branch / 26 'Cleveland 'WMuifiated. - \- offices or "stations" are on the West Side and in the eighteenth ward, in addition to which there are scattered through the city two hundred and seventeen letter-boxes, and boxes are attached to sixteen street cars on different lines of road. Five deliveries daily are made in the business portions of the city, three as far east as Perry street, and two in the remainder of the city, except part of the seventeenth and eighteenth wards, where only one delivery daily is made. The average number of letters received daily is now thirteen thousand, and there are three hundred dead letters sent to the dead letter office every week. The statistics of the office for the year 1875 show the following facts: Received for stamps, postal cards and envelopes, $178,144.07; drawers and box rent, $1,423.00; local postage, $14,- 973.06; total, $194,549.13. Number of mail letters delivered, 3,419,404; mail postal cards, 524,904; drop letters, 455,259; drop postal cards, 198,800 ; newspapers, 1,485,554 ; total, 6,083,921. Number of mail letters collected, 2,362,430; drop letters, 288,700; postal cards, 609,031; newspapers, 279,850; total, 3,540,011. The following is a report of the registered letter business per- formed during 1S75 : Letters mailed at Cleveland, 8,805 ; received for delivery, 26,976; received for distribution, 46,943; total of letters handled, 82,724. The money order business for the year amounted to $1,716,738.40. The United States Internal Revenue offices are at the north end of Case block, next east of the Government building. MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. 'HE military companies of Cleveland fully organized under the State statute providing for military companies, are six in number — five infantry and one artillery. A sixth infantry company has been formed, but not yet armed and equipped. The law requires forty men under arms for each company, but most, if not all, of the city companies exceed this prescribed limit. iJulcvcland r s3(lut>Uafad, 1 27. The Clkveland Grays is the oldest military organization in the city, having been organized on the 28th of August, 1837, under the name of the City Guards. The first captain chosen was Timothy Ingraham; A. S. Sanford was first lieutenant, and Benjamin Har- rington second lieutenant. A constitution and by-laws were adopted September 18, 1837. On the 7th of June, 1838, the name was changed from City Guards to Cleveland Grays. The company has passed through many vicissitudes, but the organization has been kept up until the present time. Its drill night is Monday of each week, at the armory, fro. 25 Frankfort street. The present officers are: Captain, J. N. Frazee ; First Lieutenant, L. D. Leffingwell ; Second Lieutenant, J. T. McGinness. The Cleveland Light Artillery was organized under the State law May 10, 1873, and is fully armed and equipped. Its drill nights are the second and last Wednesdays of each month, at the armory, No. 25 Frankfort street. The battery is officered as follows : Captain, L. Smithnight; First Lieutenant, F. H. Flick; Second Lieutenant, J. Hartman ; Surgeon, N, P. Sackrider. The Emmett Guards, (named in honor of Robert Emmett,) organized October 15, 1873. The drill night is Thursday of each week, at the armory, No. 25 Frankfort street. It is officered as follows: Captain, M. A. Foran ; First Lieutenant; James Sweeny; Second Lieutenant, William Kelly. The Cleveland City Guard, a colored company, organized January, 1874. The drill nights are Mondays and Thursdays, at its armory, No. 178 Superior street. The company is named in honor of the city. Its officers are : Captain, James A. Harden ; First Lieutenant, Frank Graham; Second Lieutenant, Walter Milligan. The Barnett Guards, colored, organized April 12, 1875. The drill nights are Mondays and Fridays, at its armory, No. 142 Broad- way. The company is named in honor of General James Barnett. It is officered as follows: Captain, Henry Brock; First Lieutenant, Wm. Johnson ; Second Lieutenant, Henry N. Williams. The Veteran Guards, organized in July, 1876, is composed of ex-soldiers of the Union army during the war of the rebellion. 128 'Cleveland ^mllu&tialed. Forty-eight veterans signed the roster of the proposed company, and elected the following members as officers for the ensuing year: Captain, Edward B. Campbell; First Lieutenant, A. F. Bigelow ; Second Lieutenant, I). C. Windsor. The Brooks School Battalion is an independent military company, made up of pupils of the Brooks School. They are uni- formed and armed, and have attained a perfection of drill rivaling that of veteran companies. STREET RAILROADS. §TREET-CAR lines run in every direction from the business center of the city, and from the termini of some of these, steam dummy lines take the passengers still farther. The following are the lines now in operation : East Cleveland Railway — Prospect Street line, from Bank street, through Superior, Euclid, Erie, Prospect, Case, and Euclid streets and avenues, to Wilson avenue, and thence continuing on Euclid avenue to Lake View Cemetery ; has five miles double track and one mile single track: employs one hundred and eighty horses, and has twenty-five cars. Office, Euclid Avenue station. East Cleveland Railway — Garden Street line, branching from main line on Erie street, and thence by Garden street to Wilson avenue, with extension to north gate of Woodland Cemetery ; has two and three-quarter miles double track, and employs sixty-six horses and twelve cars. Woodland Avenue Line, from Bank street to the Work-House, by way of Superior and Ontario streets and Woodland avenue; has seven and a quarter miles double track ; employs one hundred and eighty horses and thirty cars. Office, corner Woodland and Wilson avenues. This line connects with Cleveland & Newburgh steam dummy line for Newburgh, and with Kinsman Street line. Kinsman Street Line, from corner of Woodland and Wilson avenues, along Kinsman street to Woodland Hills, passing terminus of Cleveland & Newburgh steam dummy line; has two miles of track, and employs six horses and three cars. Office, corner Woodland and Wilson avenues. Broadway & Newburgh Line, from Bank street, by way of Superior and Ontario streets and Broadway, to Newburgh ; employs eighty-seven horses and sixteen cars ; has five and a half miles double track. Office, corner Broadway and Petrie avenue. West Side and Brooklyn Street Railway — Detroit Street line, runs from Superior street by South Water, Detroit, Kentucky, and Bridge streets to Rocky River Railroad depot. Brooklyn line, runs from Superior through South Water, Detroit, Pearl, and Colum- bus streets to Brooklyn; employs one hundred horses and eleven cars; has seven miles of track. Office, 131 Detroit street. St. Clair Street Line, employs eighty-seven horses and sixteen cars; has three miles of double track. Connects at Wilson avenue with single track line for Glenville. Office, corner Case avenue and St. Clair street. Superior Street Line, from Post Office building to Giddings avenue; employs forty-seven horses and eleven cars; has four miles of double track. Office, corner Madison avenue and Superior street. Connects at Becker avenue with steam dummy line for Euclid. South Side Railway, from corner of Seneca and Superior streets to Jefferson street via Professor and Fairfield streets, and to Jerry street by Jennings avenue; employs forty horses and five cars, and has two miles of road, part double track. Bank Street Railroad, from Superior street to Union Depot. 180 ■.Si '/cvctand ^0lhi6ftaled. CLUBS. 'HE Cleveland Union Club, which was organized in 1872, owns and occupies the elegant building shown in our illus- / ^ ?,) tration, which is situated on Euclid avenue, a short distance above Monumental Park. The grounds surrounding the house are tastefully laid out and shaded by noble trees, and the interior deco- rations are rich and elegant. The club numbers over two hundred UNION CLUl! HOUSE. members, including many of the oldest and wealthiest citizens of Cleveland. The capital stock of this association is $120,000. Its financial condition is excellent, and in elegance of site and perfection of interior arrangements this club house has no superior in the west. Hon. William Bingham was the first president of the club, and the present officers are Hon. H. B. Payne, President, and Hon. Amos Townsend, Vice President. WJeveiand \d?Uutf'caUd. 131 The Eclectic Club, which was organized in 1875, occupies six rooms in the Arlington Block, on Euclid avenue, a short distance above Monumental Park. The suite consists of cloak and wash room, reception room, parlor, reading room, billiard room and card room. These rooms are elegantly finished and appropriately fur- nished, every accommodation required for a first class club being provided. The members are numerous and include many of the most active and prominent of the younger business and professional men of the city. The president at the present time is Waldemar Otis. The German Casino is a club organization composed of the best class of Germans, having a handsomely furnished and fitted suite of rooms in the building 144 Ontario street. The Casino has reading and card rooms, and during the winter season gives a series of recep- tions and dancing parties. The president for the current year is M. Hartrath. The Epgeworth Club is a social organization, having its rooms in the City Hall. The Cleveland Club is an association of gentlemen of the city interested in improving the breed of horses. Tke members, individually, own a number of elegant turn-outs, and two series of meetings for testing the speed of fast horses are yearly held on their spacious and finely appointed grounds on the St. Clair road, adjoining the Northern Ohio Fair grounds. The president is William Edwards. ENTRANCE TO N. O. FAIR AND CLEVELAND CLUB GROUNDS. 132 t (e v eland '..Oiliii tl a fed. Several boat clubs have been organized in Cleveland within a year or two. The Mystic Yacht Club numbers twenty members and owns the sloop yacht Mystic. The length of the yacht is thirty-six feet eight inches; depth, three feet ten inches; beam, fourteen feet two inches. • The Qui Vive Yacht Club, organized in 1875, lias twenty-five members and owns the sloop yacht Qui Vive. Her length is thirty- nine feet ten inches; depth, three feet four inches; beam, fourteen feet two inches. The Centennial Yacht Club, organized in 1876, numbers seven members and owns the sloop yacht Alac Venti. Her length is thirty-five feet; depth, three feet nine inches; beam, ten feet. The Cleveland Yacht Club, organized in 1876, has eight mem- bers and owns two yachts: The Lady Annie, length, twenty-seven feet; depth, two feet six inches; beam, ten feet; and the belle, length, twenty feet two inches; depth, two feet; beam, nine feet three inches. Besides these regularly organized boat clubs, there are several yachts owned in Cleveland by private owners. Among these are the sloop yacht Phantom, length forty-two feet ; depth, three feet six inches; beam, fourteen feet three inches; the sloop yacht Fleetwing, length, thirty-five feet; depth, three feet; beam, eleven feet nine inches; a number of smaller sail yachts; the steam yachts Rosaline and Herald, and the small steam yachts \Y. J. Gordon, Water Lily and Lulu. In addition to these are a number of social clubs, organizations for social and benevolent purposes, for mutual aid or for mutual improvement, literary and dramatic societies, most of which meet at stated intervals or occasionally, in public halls or in private houses. ' jolevciaml 'ss//i/4 it a fed im'kvetafid ^Ut^ituhd. /$? The Homoeopathic Hospital College was organized in 1849, and since that time has pursued a very successful career, having sent out nearly one thousand graduates. The college building is on Prospect street and is conveniently arranged for the purpose. A free dispensary is located in the college building, and the Huron Street Hospital, of which the college has exclusive charge, is in the immediate vicinity. Dr. N. Schneider is Dean of Faculty. The Medical Department of the University of Wooster was established about thirteen years ago, and during the whole of that time has been under the direct management of Prof. Gustav C. E. Weber as Dean of Faculty. It has a winter course of lectures, beginning in October and continuing until February, with a prelim- inary term beginning in September. The college has been very successful, its connection with Charity Hospital from the opening of that institution having given it great advantages. CHURCHES. VIEW of Cleveland from any very elevated position reveals the existence of so many church edifices that it might prop- erly be called a city of churches. Lofty spires meet the eye in all directions, whilst the greater number by far of the church buildings in the city are undistinguished by such prominent sign of their existence. In the earlier pages of this work, we have given some account of the origin and early growth of the church organ- izations of the city. It now remains to state the present spiritual condition of the city as evidenced by the number of churches, and to describe the principal buildings now occupied for public worship. The total number of recorded organized churches in Cleveland in 1876 is one hundred and thirty-four. These are classified as follows : Roman Catholic, 21; Methodist Episcopal, 20; Protestant Episco- pal, 14; Baptist, 11 ; Congregational, 11 ; Presbyterian, 9; Reformed, 138 \t/crc!and 'WUuiftahd. 6; Evangelical Association, 6 ; United Evangelical, 3; Evangelical Lutheran, 3 ; Hebrew, 3; Christian, 3; Evangelical Protestant, 2; Bible Christian, 2 ; Spiritualists, 2 ; United Brethren, 2 ; Universalist, 2 ; Free Will Baptist, 1 ; Society of Friends, 1 ; Swedenborgian, 1 ; Bethel Union, 1 ; Welsh Methodist, 1 ; Wesleyan Methodist, 1 ; Uni- ted Presbyterian, 1 ; Christian Mission, 1 ; Detroit Street Mission, 1 ; Emanuel Chapel, 1 ; Hungarian Congregation, 1 ; Union S. S. Chapel, 1 ; West Cleveland Christian Union, 1 ; Wilson Avenue Union Chapel, 1. The early history of Trinity Parish and an engraving of the first Trinity Church are given in the introductory pages of this work. The present church was dedicated on Ascension Day, 1855, and in 1873 the interior was subjected to extensive refitting and decoration. The general style is that of the Early English, although the Superior street front partakes more of the elaboration of the Decorated Period. The extreme length of the church is one hundred and forty feet, and its breadth, including the buttresses, sixty-six feet. The buttresses are so massive that wide passageways are pierced through them. The tower rises from the rear angle of the building and is furnished with a chime of nine bells. The interior is in keep- ing with the exterior design, and is well arranged and handsome. The nave is one hundred feet by fifty-two feet, and is divided by a wide alley along the middle, the side alleys running close to the wall. The chancel, which is elevated four steps above the floor of the church, is about twenty-five feet square, and opens into the nave by a lofty arch. At the other extremity of the church is a well arranged organ loft in a recess, flanked by the entrance porches; it opens to the nave by three arches, one of which is filled up by the handsome tracery of the organ case, which occupies one side of the gallery, so as to leave unobscured the elaborately decorated west window. The chancel window is a triplet, filled with rich devices, and the windows of the nave, six on each side, are of two bays each, filled with stained glass. The interior of the church is ornamented in polychrome, executed in 1S73. The ceiling of the nave is of cobalt blue, divided into panels about eight feet square. The dark imlltwland K^M, ^S3 139 wood-work separating the panels is tastefully decorated with gilt tracings. The border and frieze at each base of the arched roof are exactly copied from the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris. The casings of the side windows are beautifully ornamented in rich colors. The walls are decorated in harmony with the general plan. The chancel is strikingly elegant in all its appointments. The ceil- ing is blue, touched with stars. These, and the tracings throughout the entire chancel, are of pure gold. The gospel side bears various 1KINITV CHURCH. emblems illustrative of the sufferings of Christ; the most prominent of these is a representation of the cross, wreathed with the passion flower, and bearing the inscription : "The Lord hath laid on Him the iniquities of us all." Upon the epistle side of the church are smybols of Christ's triumph and exaltation — a crown surmounting a staff wreathed with palm leaves, with the inscription : " Wherefore God hath highly exalted Him." Above these on either side are other appropriate symbols. Over the chancel arch facing the nave is emblazoned the Trinity emblem. On either side of the chancel or no -'i '(.'I'tfuilti '^'' 'inflated. Ascension window are tablets on which are inscribed in gold the commands of the decalogue. The altar is of white and colored marble. The front of the altar is elaborately sculptured with designs emblematic of the Lord's Supper; upon the super-altar are embla- zoned the words, "Holy! Holy! Holy!" The altar-rail is of hammered brass. The font, of pure white marble, massive in size but simple in design, was presented to the parish by S. L. Mather as a memorial font. The six chandeliers are of coronal form, with red and blue as the predominating colors. The whole appearance of the interior is strictly ecclesiastical. In the same lot with the church are the guild rooms, school rooms and parsonage. St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church was organized in the year 1846, the first pastor being Rev. Dr. Perry. The congre- gation for some time worshiped in an upper hall over the corner of Superior and Seneca streets, which had formerly been occupied by Grace Church society. In the meantime a handsome church edifice was erected at the corner of Euclid avenue and Sheriff street. When nearly finished it was set on fire by some reckless youths and burned to the ground. No time was lost in erecting another building on the same site, and the congregation took/posses- sion of it immediately on its completion and worshiped in it until it was sold and torn down in 1874 to make room for a business block. During the erection of the chapel of their new church at the corner of Euclid and Case avenues, the congregation worshiped in a temporary building on Prospect street. The lot now occupied by the new church and chapel is two hundred by one hundred and eighteen feet, fronting on Euclid ave- nue. The edifice is a combination of the Early English and Norman Gothic styles. st Paul's 18^6 ^' le extreme length, exterior measure- /TW m ST. PAUL S CHURCH. ment, is one hundred and sixty-two feet; the church proper is sev- enty-two feet wide and the transept eighty-eight feet; the chancel is thirty by thirty-two feet; the vestry eighteen and one-half by fifteen and three-fourths feet, and the organ loft eighteen by sixteen feet. Adjoining the main structure, on the east side, is the chapel, seventy- six feet long and thirty-two feet wide, outside measurement. This occupies nearly the entire frontage, while the space in the rear is occu- pied by a rectory, about forty by fifty feet, fronting on Case avenue. The outer walls of the main structure are on the immediate edge of the lot, with steps ascending in front from the pavement. On the north- 1 42 tlvvdand ^0//u6fcafcd. west corner of the main structure is a square tower one hundred and twenty feet in height above the floor level and surmounted by four stone turrets. The material throughout is of the most durable and superior quality. The main walls are constructed entirely of sand- stone from the Amherst quarries, with the facings left rough, giving what is known as a "rock-faced front." The door and window casings are of sandstone from the same quarries, elaborately carved, and dressed in the finest style. The roof is supported by ten iron columns with capitals, and grained with frescoed panels. The inside woodwork of the roof is of pine and white walnut, and on the outside a covering of slate, in two colors. The windows are of the most superb style and beautiful designs. All the interior work is of pine and white walnut, and finished in the highest order of workmanship. The First Methodist Episcopal Church, whose building stands at the corner of Euclid avenue and Erie street, is the oldest Methodist organization in the city and the third religious organiza- tion in point of date in Cleveland. The first Methodist class in the city was formed in 1827, the members being nine in number and the leader being Elijah Peate. Previous to that time there was occa- sional preaching by traveling ministers. Until 1834, Cleveland was a part of a large circuit embracing most of northern Ohio, which gave preaching only at long intervals. In that year the city was made a station or regular charge. In 1839, a disagreement arose in the church and about half the members seceded For a long time, or until 1841, the members of the church worshiped in halls, school- houses, and the old log court-house, when the church corner St. Clair and Wood streets was built, and in 1S57 remodeled and improved. In 1869, the chapel on Erie street, corner Euclid avenue, was built, and used till December, 1874, when the present edifice was dedi- cated, which, with the chapel, is the finest Methodist Episcopal church in northern Ohio. Our illustration shows the structure in its present condition. The material is Sandusky limestone, which is very durable and gives the building a remarkably solid appearance. The dimensions of the main building are seventy-six feet front on Euclid avenue by one hundred and seventeen feet on Erie street. Cleveland c WUutfiaUd. ns It connects in the rear with the chapel — fronting on Erie — which is forty-seven by seventy-five feet, giving a total frontage on Erie street of one hundred and sixty-four feet. The tower, on the northwest corner, is twenty feet square, and is now ninety-six feet high from the ground. The spire, when erected, will extend fifty feet above the tower, making the total height one hundred and forty-six feet. There are four entrances — two single and two double doors — giving an aggregate width of doorway of twenty-five feet. The vestibule FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. is twelve and a half feet wide, and extends across the entire front of the church. The audience room is ninety-seven feet in length by sixty-four in width. The side walls are thirty-two feet eight inches high, and from the floor to the apex of the ceiling the height is fifty- five feet. There are two additional entrances from without at the rear of the building, one from Erie street and one from the opposite side. Two doors also connect with the chapel. There are on each side seven windows, twenty-two feet high, of stained glass, having the /44 Wllevtlaiul r xJ((utflated cathedral tint, and exceedingly rich in appearance. The glass was made especially to order, in Munich. In the front of the building is an immense rosette window, eighteen feet in diameter, the beauty of which is a marked feature of the external view from Euclid ave- nue. The superb organ, at the rear end, strikes the eye first upon entering. In front of this is the place for the choir, then the pulpit, the platform and the altar, the latter enclosed by a massive railing. The furniture, including the seats, is all of the finest walnut, richly finished. The seating is on the elliptical plan, the advantage of which is that every person sits squarely facing the speaker. The entire seating capacity, including the gallery, is nearly fifteen hundred. The galleries extend around the sides and the front end of the build- ing. Access to them is provided by four stairways, two at each end of the building. They are supported by thirteen iron columns, and are securely bound to the walls. At the front, over the vestibule, is a recess thirteen by thirty-five feet in size. Immediately beneath the great rosette window is a beautiful representation of a cross, encir- cled with a cloud, and with the inscription, "In Hoc Signo Vinces." Upon either side of this is a panel in the form of a tablet, upon one of which is the Apostle's Creed, and upon the other the Ten Command- ments. The walls and ceiling are very tastefully and appropriately frescoed. The ceiling is divided into eight panels on each side, separated by massive iron ribs, neatly ornamented. The arrange- ments for lighting and ventilating are of the most perfect character, and in this respect nothing was left to be desired. The organ is noticeably fine. The case is of solid black walnut, with front pipes richly decorated in silver and gold. The design is of Gothic arch- itecture. There are three manuals, or keyboards, and a pedal of two and a half octaves, thirty notes, and thirty-nine stops. The chapel on Erie street is used for Sunday-schools and lectures. Under it are the parlors, class-rooms, and pastor's study, and in the basement are the dining-room and kitchen. The First Presbyterian Church, Monumental Park, northwest corner of Ontario street, occupies the site of the first Presbyterian church erected in Cleveland, which was dedicated in the year 1834, hwlatid \,<^) I Initialed. 145 and was familiarly known as the u Stone Church," being then the only church of that material in the city. This name is still the popular designation of the present structure, though our city now boasts of many others quite as well entitled to the appellation. The original church, becoming unequal to the wants of the increasing congrega- tion, was torn down and a larger one erected in the years 1854-5, covering the entire lot of which its predecessor only occupied a part. The dedication was on the 12th of August, 1855. On the 6th of March, 1858, a fire consumed the building, leaving, however, the walls standing. The work of rebuild- ing commenced immediately, the old walls being retained. A few unim- portant changes were made in the interior in reconstructing, among which were the non-use of pillars to support the roof, and the omis- sion of side galleries. The revived building was dedicated January 3, 1858. But a few years elapsed before the further increase of con- gregation required further enlarge- stone church 1034. ment, and side galleries were added. Still later, the accommoda- tions for Sunday-schools and week-day meetings of the church and its various societies proved insufficient, and additional land fronting on Ontario street was purchased, and the lecture-room, parlors, and pastor's study were reconstructed and enlarged. The architecture has some of the characteristics of the Late Norman and Early English periods. The walls are supported with heavy buttresses, the doors and windows are round-headed, and the windows are each of two lights with an open quatrefoil in the head. The light spaces are filled with stained glass. There are two towers. The main tower, at the Onta- rio street corner, in which is a heavy bell, terminates in a spire the point of which is two hundred and fifteen feet above the pavement. The lighter tower, on the opposite corner facing the park, terminates in a pointed quadrangular roof. The interior of the church is 1 146 '.•land uitcahd divided into three aisles. The ceiling of the main aisle is a groined arch. The side aisles have each a semi-arched ceiling, also groined. The ceilings and walls are neatly frescoed, the pre- vailing color being a neutral tint. The pulpit forms an oval. The arched recess at the back is fres- coed with four round-headed arches, above which is a band from which are carried lines meeting in a circu- jjL, lar false opening, through which flut- ters a dove. At the sides of the pulpit are massive cande- labra with black walnut pedestals. The main body of the church is light- ed by eight small pendent chande- stone church. liers, four on each side. There are two side galleries, and an organ loft at the entrance end of the church. The lecture-room of the chapel can be entered from the street, and two doors also give communication with the church. The room is hung with pictures and carpeted. Besides its use as a lecture-room it serves as a Sunday-school room for the infant department. In the rear is the pastor's study, with an entrance also from the park by a side alley, and the kitchen. The upper imiewlattd htiilafad. U7 floor is occupied by Sunday-school rooms, class-rooms, and library. The walls are covered with passages from Scripture, beautifully emblazoned. The seating capacity of the chuch is twelve hundred. The organization of the First Baptist Church dates back to 1833. There had been some meetings for regular worship in the years immediately preceding this, but the numbers of the denomi- nation were not sufficient for organization. The congregation commenced with twenty-seven members and soon that number was considerably increased. A Sunday school was started and flourished. In 1.835 the propriety of having a building for worship was canvassed, with the result of commencing the erection of a church on the cor- ner of Seneca and Champlain streets; the building was completed in 1836, and opened for worship with a dedicatory sermon by Rev. Elisha Tucker, of Buffalo, who shortly after became the pastor. A steeple was added to the church, being the first that had been erected in Cleveland, and therefore the source of much pride on the part of the member?. In the course of years it' was found that the location of the church had not been judiciously chosen, and the Congregational society being willing to dispose of their church, on the corner of Euclid avenue and Erie street, it was determined to purchase it. The transfer to the new building was made in the spring of 1855, and the society have remained in that location from that time. Several changes and improvements have been made in the building since its occupancy by the society. A fine steeple has been added first baptist church— 1835. and the interior thoroughly remodeled and redecorated. As it now stands it is, though one of the first of the fine churches of the city, not behind the newer buildings in convenience and tasteful and appropriate decoration. The general style of the architecture is the Late Norman, the round arch being used, and the windows, ^A* 1 48 t lev viand Kmlu&U a fed. • five on each side, being double, enclosed in a greater arch. The front also shows distinctly the Later Norman style ; the tower over the center front is surmounted by a spire, the total height being two hundred and five feet. The principal door opens into a large vestibule, which passed, the body of the church is reached. This is FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. divided into three aisles. The ceilings are arched and frescoed in tasteful and harmonious colors. The whole of the interior fittings of the church are of black walnut upholstered with green rep. There 'Cleveland ^-UuiilaUd. 1 49 are no side galleries, but an organ gallery projects slightly from the entrance end. The organ, a fine instrument, is cased in black wal- nut and the pipes picked out in gold. The pulpit platform, of black walnut, is handsomely ornamented, and the walls and ceiling at that end of the church elegantly frescoed. The pulpit forms an oval, having at its back folding doors, which when thrown open and the floor of a part of the pulpit platform lifted reveal a large baptistry, well constructed and arranged, and provided with facilities for warming the water. The peculiar arrangement of the seats deserves notice. The seats and backs are cushioned with green rep, and the lower part of the sides closed in with cane frames. These are hinged and have drop supports, so that in case of a crowd they can be turned up to furnish a double row of extra seats in each aisle. The church is lighted by three large chandeliers pendent from the ceiling and by two candelabra of seven lights each at the pulpit. Stairs at the front and rear lead down into the basement, which also has direct communication with the street. Here are the school and class rooms, divided by folding glass doors. In one of the apart- ments is a fountain. The walls are decorated with appropriate mottoes. The seating capacity of the church is one thousand. The Second Baptist Church Society dates its organization from 185 1. In that year a few members of the First Baptist Church obtained letters of dismissal for the purpose of establishing a mission in another part of the city. The building at the corner of Erie and Ohio streets was purchased from the Second Presbyterian society, and the church organized with Rev. J. Hyatt Smith as pastor. In 1867 it had grown so large that from it was formed the First German Baptist Church and the Tabernacle Baptist Church. In 1868 the old church was sold to the German Evangelical society, and ground broken for a new church at the corner of Euclid avenue and Hunt- ington street. The new church was opened for worship on the fifth of March, 187 1. It is generally conceded to be one of the finest ecclesiastical buildings in the city. Its style is the modernized Ro- manesque. The exterior dimensions of the church and chapel are one hundred and fifty-five feet by sixty-four feet. The tower is 150 ,• fcrcauiu ^izUii&ttaUd twenty feet square at the base, and the height to the point of the lightning rod on the spire is two hundred and thirty-six feet. The front of the building on Euclid avenue and the side on Huntington street are of sandstone; the west side of the church and chapel is of SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH. red brick with sandstone trimmings. The spire is of wood with slate covering. Six stained glass windows are on each side of the main tee eland 'Wlluiiiakd. 151 ""•", being printed on a press be- longing to M. C. Younglove, that >eing the only steam press in the ity. Land was at once purchased •n Bank street, and what is now he front of the present Herald IT IT' m rrr m PFTOiiEBag: ff building erected. The entire book land job office of Mr. Younglove _^ l! ' ^''ii-~iV i - was purchased, a Hoe cylinder ^^n^f^^^sr- press obtained, and the establish- I S PS • ment placed on a good working 130 and 132 hank strkkt. footing. The building was much too large for the immediate wants of the establishment, even with these improvements, and it contained in addition a library, post office and news stand, besides rooms let for offices. One after another of these had to retire to make room for the increasing demands of the newspaper, until the entire building was occupied by the establish- ment and the building itself was doubled in size. The old single cylinder press had several successors, the last being the four cylinder Hoe press upon which the daily is now printed, and which is capable of running off ten thousand copies per hour. The Daily Herald is issued morning and evening, there being three regular editions of the afternoon issue. A tri-weekly edition is also issued, and a weekly. All these several editions have large circulation. The job printing establishment connected with the paper is one of the largest and best appointed in the west, having thirteen printing presses and every appliance for turning out first class work, including a completely sf&iemfand *§wMu&Uakd. /S7 fitted electrotype foundry. A thoroughly appointed bindery is also connected with the establishment, ranking among the best in the state. The politics of the Herald were Whig until the demise of that party. It was the first paper in the Union to hoist the name of Fremont, before his nomination by the first Republican national convention, and since that time has always been an advocate of Republican principles. The Cleveland Leader had its birth in the union of two papers the True Democrat, an anti-slavery paper started in 1846 by Brad- burn & Vaughan, and the Forest City, a "Silver Gray Whig" paper started in the spring of 1852 by Joseph Medill, now of the Chicago Tribune. After many vicissitudes, the two papers were combined in October, 1853, with the name of Forest City Democrat. Mr. Medill associated with him in the publication of the paper Edwin Cowles, who was then carrying on business as job printer. In the following March the cumbersome title of the paper was dropped and that of the Cleveland Leader adopted. In 1855 Messrs. Medill and Vaughan removed to Chicago, leaving Mr. Cowles in possession of the Leader. He remained sole proprietor until 1867, when the establishment was converted into a stock concern with Mr. Cowles as president of the company. In that capacity he has from that time exercised domin- ant control over the editorial and business management of the paper besides giving his personal attention to the mechanical affairs of the establishment. To his indefatigable energy and unwearied labors, the Leader owes its success. The financial history of the paper was for many years a story of disheartening difficulties, but perseverance and ability told in the end, and the Leader eventually placed itself among the profitable as well as influential papers of the city. It now issues a morning edition, a cheap evening edition under the title of the Evening News, a tri-weekly edition, and a weekly edition, all having extensive circulation. The politics of the Leader are Repub- lican, and the radical impress given it in its origin remains its char- acteristic. A well-appointed job office is connected with the paper. The Cleveland Plain Dealer is the successor of the Cleveland Daily Advertiser, a Democratic paper published about the year 1840 / 58 C /cv eland .plluitl cited. by Canfield & Spencer. The late J. W. Gray was an occasional contributor to this paper while teaching school in the neighborhood, and found no difficulty in acquiring possession of it in 1842, when he determined to abandon the school room for the editorial sanctum. His first step was to change its name to the Plain Dealer and its issue from daily to weekly. Its spicy style and aggressive party character soon gained it a reputation, and after three years' publica- tion as a weekly sufficient inducement was obtained to resume its daily issue. It is claimed for Mr. Gray that he was the first in the city to add a department of local news to the daily features of the papers. The Plain Dealers first local column made its appearance in 1850. Among those who have had charge of that department were W. E. McLaren, now Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Illinois; Charles F. Browne, better known to the world at large as "Artemus Ward," and A. M. Griswold, "The Fat Contributor." The "Artemus Ward " papers first made their appearance in the Plain Dealer, and the best writings of Mr. Browne were those contributed to that paper. On the death of Mr. Gray in 1862, the paper was continued for a time in the interest of the estate, but its business decreased so much that the paper was suspended. After a few weeks the material was purchased by Hon. W. W. Armstrong, and the Plain Dealer again issued. At different times Mr. Armstrong had associated with him as partners Mr. Morgan and Hon. F. W. Green. Both of these retired and Mr. Armstrong is now sole proprietor. The Plain Dealer has been well conducted and prosperous under the present proprietor- ship. It is an evening daily, and has a tri-weekly and a weekly edition. The circulation of the different editions is large, it having the English-speaking Democratic field in this part of the state all to itself. There are three German evening papers. The W.kchter am Erik, now published by the Waechter am Erie Publishing Company, has been in existence as a weekly for a number of years and for several years has also been published as a daily. During the whole time it has been under the chief editorial management of August Thieme. In politics it is independent. The Cleveland Anzeiger, Wlevcla/id Tci ■(Initiated. /5 '/;>"r up 1 ' ''A \ ■ • ' " - v * 341 AND 343 EUCLID AVENUE. The front is handsome, and in keeping with the other fine buildings lately erected on that avenue. In the basement is the engine and the press for electrotype and stereotype printing; the packing and shipping are also done here, and the publications of the house kept / 66 C lev eland r sjUu* U a fed. in stock are here stored. Communication with the upper floor is maintained by an elevator run by steam power, as well as by stairs. The plates of the copyrighted publications of the house are kept in a large fire-proof vault at the rear of the basement and wholly cut off from it ; these plates are of great number and value. On the first or ground floor is the salesroom, a representation of which is given on the next page. The room is large and handsome, thirty by one hundred and thirty feet, and very lofty. As shown in the illustration, it is surrounded with tastefully finished galleries, and the walls from floor to ceiling are lined with shelves for stacking sheet music in such manner as will afford immediate access to any piece of music that may be required. In the rear of the main salesroom are the counting-room and private office, fitted and furnished in the most elegant and convenient manner. The main room is used for retail sales and also for order sales, there being a portion of the room especially fitted up for the latter purpose. On the floor imme- diately above is the piano room, where are to be found some of the finest instruments in the country; this room is the scene of frequent musical entertainments and social gatherings. The third floor is devoted to organs, second-hand pianos, imported goods, and the book publications of the house. The topmost story, a lofty and well lighted room, is occupied by the engravers, plate printers and type setters. Thus the entire building, with all its admirable appointments, is wholly occupied by the operations of the firm, and in addition to this another building, on Frankfort street, is used for an electrotype foundry and bindery. The business of the establish- ment, both in the publication of new music and musical works, and the dealing in the publications of other publishers, is of great extent. In pianos, and other musical instruments, also, a very large trade is done. The house has had an existence in Cleveland of over forty years, having been established by Silas brainard, under the American House, in 1836. Thirteen years afterward he leased a brick building on Superior street, to which he gave the name of " The Melodeon," by which it was long known. In 1S71 he died, leaving the business to his two sons, Charles S. and Henry M. Brainard. 168 (ere I a ml ' : &f(utfiated. ■i PAPER CO. Among the most important branches of industry carried on in Cleveland, that of the manufacture of paper by the Cleveland Paper Company takes prominent rank, and the growth of the industry, as represented by this organization, has been co-extensive with the rapid progress of the city in point of population and material wealth. This company was organized under its present name in 1859, by the consolidation of the firm of Young- love & Hoyt and the Lake Erie Pa- per Company, and the following gen- tlemen were elect- ed its first officers: George Worthing- ton, President; N. W. Taylor, Secre- tary, Treasurer & General Agent. Under this admin- istration the affairs ifffiiiitit'tti flfilif 3 PAP ER a SViTAlRE HOUSED 128 ST. CLAIR SI REET. of the company were most successfully managed, the growth of the business of manufacturing and the constantly increasing trade, dating from its inception. Upon Mr. Taylor, as general agent, devolved, in a great measure, the practical management of the busi- ness, and in 1868 these duties became so arduous as to necessitate a division of the labors. Mr. H. S. Whittlesey was elected to the office of secretary and treasurer, Mr. Taylor devoting himself entirely to the business connected with his position as general agent, which he has discharged continuously since the formation of the company in 1859. The present board of directors and officers are as follows: Messrs. Ansel Roberts, N. W. Taylor, H. S. Whittlesey, Edward Mill, George H. Taylor, J. W. Brightman and M. Hobart. Officers, Ansel Roberts, President ; H. S. Whittlesey, Secretary and Treas- urer; N. W. Taylor, General Agent. Mr. Edward Mill was appointed superintendent of the salesroom and warehouse, a position which he now holds; his practical knowledge of the business and his ready comprehension of the requirements of the trade are amply attested by his successful management of the departments under his super- vision. Mr. J. W. Brightman, as master mechanic, finds a large field for the exercise of his mechanical and inventive abilities, as the machine shops of the company are quite extensive, and a number of new appliances have been introduced by him into the works. The works of the company at present consist of three mills, two of which are located in this city and one at Cuyahoga Falls; the company also own a large interest in two other mills, one located at Canton and the other at Massillon. The finer qualities of paper are manufac- tured at their Cleveland mills and the coarser grades at the outside mills. The entire product of the Canton mill is brought to the Cleveland warehouse, from whence it is sold and shipped ; a portion of the product of the Massillon mill is forwarded direct to Chicago, where the company have a branch office and warehouse, under the efficient management of Mr. George H. Taylor. The present rate of production and capacity of the mills is fully four times what it was at the date of the organization of the company, and the trade has been extended until their goods are to be found in all quarters of the country ; the trade on the Pacific coast being quite large, and that in Canada not inconsiderable. The company, with its present large manufacturing capacity, extensive warehouses and army of employes, is among the largest of the kind on the continent, and quite the largest in the west. A large addition is at this time (July, 1876,) being built to the already extensive warehouse and offices of the company in this city, which, when completed, will give them storing room and offices second to none in size and convenience of arrangement. The illustration given is a faithful representation of the front elevation of the building, located at 128 St. Clair street. 170 y£Hvwimid MuiUafod. 257 C AR SON. W| ONE PRICE TJ CLOTHING The clothing establishment of James W. Carson & Co. has for several years been known as one of the most substantial and reliable business concerns in the city. Its location is admirably adapted for the trade carried on, and the store rooms are large and well arranged. The main front is on Superior street, the whole of the store, No. 257, being oc- cupied, with the rooms above; in the rear this opens into a large double store, Nos. 7 and 1 1 Mon- umental Park. The busi- ness carried on in these large and commodious stores is that of a whole- sale and retail clothing es- tablishment and gentle- men's furnishing store. An extensive business is also done in merchant tailor- ing. The arrangements for carrying on these de- partments are perfect, every available foot of space being utilized in the best manner. The estab- ? lishment has been in exis- 257 superior street. tence eighteen years, hav- ing been conducted for the first ten years by J. H. De Witt & Co. On the death of Mr. De Witt, in 186S, the business was carried on by J. W. Carson alone. In 1872 the present firm of James W. Carson & Co. was formed, the members of the firm being James W. Carson, Charles W. Chase, Jr., and S. D. McMillan as special partner. .Ip^gir ^M^ra^tiB^'^Rrgj Wfavdaiid ^yUiiiilaUd. 171 i mi I mm i Mini mm Minimum WALL PAPER. The house of W. P. Fogg & Co., importers and dealers in China, Gas Fixtures, and Paper Hangings, was established in 185 1, when Cleveland was a town of only twenty thousand inhabitants, and it is to-day the oldest house in the city engaged in the China and Gas Fixture business. Ten years ago the department of Wall Paper and House Decorations was added to this establishment, which now includes the three branches especially interesting to housekeepers, viz: the table china, glass, silver plate, and cutlery; the Gas Fix- tures, comprising every variety of chandeliers and lamps for both gas and kerosene; and the Paper Hang- ings of every quality and grade for inte- rior wall decoration. It is safe to say that in no part of the economy of the house- hold is there a better opportunity than in the above for a display of cultivated taste and good judgment. The store of jj this firm is in the heart of the business l| •l portion of Superior street. It is one ji hundred and sixty feet in depth and Jj four stories high, the entire building being devoted to the several depart- ments of their business. It is fitted up with elegance and taste, the two first floors being thrown into one by open galleries, the front portion being occu- pied by China and Gas Fixtures, and the rear half by the Wall Paper stock. Every convenience for the handling and dis- play of their fine wares will be found in this establishment. The frequent visits of the senior member of this firm to Europe, and his travels in the far East, 183 superior street. whence the name of "China Ware" is derived, have given him unrivaled opportunities for advancing the interests of the special business with which he has been so long identified in Cleveland. 172 "a thwland 1c; u f/u dilated. , &y a ^'u t -t't! 1" 'L ---J , ,-C i ||- ft M# ft " Iff IM | g -1 r-~, lit Hi MI. J . 1 1 1 'ifplf ; J p" lili.nl" til The A. S. Herenden Furniture Company, successors to A. S. Herenden & Co., occupy the extensive and finely appointed stores, Nos. 114 and 116 Bank street, with the whole of the floors in the block. The firm was first established in the city seven years ago, and soon obtained a high reputation for the excellent character of the goods manufactured and the great variety dis- played. In the course of time the de- mands upon the facilities of the firm were so large that additional capital was required, and the present stock company * "111 ■« 'mi MI ■'"' 8 ' " #'• was f° rrne d, with a capital of $150,000; with this increase of capital the sphere of the company's operations was enlarged and additions made to the manufacturing facilities. There are now two factories in operation, making every grade and descripton of furniture ; one in Cleve- land employing one hundred hands, and one in Chicago employing two hundred hands. The storerooms in Cleveland are crowded with the finest, most elegant, and at the same time most substantial furniture ; all the latest and most fashionable styles are manufactured and placed in stock without delay; house-furnishing throughout is made a specialty. Those about to set up house-keep- ing can have all their wants supplied here without the trouble of hunting around among a number of stores of different kinds for the articles they need ; the most elegant mansion and the simplest cottage can alike be here furnished, from attic floor to cellar; the convenience of this can be easily understood. The reputation of the work of this establishment stands so high, and is so well known that its trade extends through nearly all the states of the Union. The president of the company and its active superintendent is A. S. Herenden; C. L. Osgood is secretary and treasurer. I 14 AND 1 16 HANK ST mievviand < &Uti4Uuied. 173 The establishment of Gotf. Saal, shown in the accompanying engraving, is situated on the corner of Ontario and Lake streets, having a frontage of twenty-eight feet on Ontario street and a depth of sixty-eight feet on Lake street. The building is four stories high, with a large and roomy basement. It is an elegant and tasteful structure, forming a decided ornament to that part of the street. The business carried on by Mr. Saal is that of a bakery and confec- tionery, added to which is that of a dealer in all kinds of groceries and provisions. The business done is very large, the reputation of the establishment having been firmly built up by sixteen years of successful existence on St. Clair street, from which the change was made to the new building on the 20th day of October, 1875. In his present asH quarters Mr. Saal has facilities for carrying corner Ontario and lake. on a far more extensive establishment than in his former situation, the appointments being complete in every respect. The ice-cream saloon and parlors are spacious and fitted up in the most tasteful manner. A large trade is carried on with other points, whilst the home trade is extensive and steadily increasing. A specialty is the making of fancy cakes to order, in which a considerable business is done. The proximity of Lake View Park, and the great number of persons attracted during the summer months to the neighborhood of the lake, justified the erection of the building and made the estab- lishment a public convenience as well as an additional attraction to that part of the city. 17 A '(evdaitd '.O Mutilated. The extensive clothing store of J. Manskield & Co., Nos. 52 and 54 Public square, was established in 187 1. The business continued to increase until, it becoming necessary to double the space, the two stores now occupied were taken and fitted up in the most convenient manner. Additions were made to the classes of goods sold ; hats, caps, robes and trunks being now included in the stock. The result M^- - has fully justified \ he increased out- ay. The sales continued to in- :rease, and du- ring the past year showed a larger percentage of increase than in any former year, in spite of the >revailing de- pression in busi- ness. This is attributed to the method of doing business, which is that of selling the best class of goods at the low- es t possible profit, and keep- ing a variety that ggs-~ will suit all cus- 52 and 54 PUBLIC SQUARE. tomers. Their connection with the house of D. H. Brigham & Co., of Springfield, Mass., who are large manufacturers, gives their customers the benefit of one profit between producer and consumer, this being especially true of the finer grade of clothing. Wlcvrfand G MUu6ti cited. 175 The Forest City Business College, in Richardson's Block, south side of Public Square, is a new institution in Cleveland. Its mana- gers, Messrs. Hutson & Tanner, claim for the system they employ a superiority over those usually adopted in business colleges. The foundation principle is that of making the instruction strictly prac- ticable instead of merely theoretical. The student on his entry in the the college is at once put in the position of a new clerk who has to learn the duties of his office. He enters no class, but works for himself under the eye of a careful instructor, who holds the relation to him of an employer or acting business manager. Step by step he is inducted into the duties of his position, and feels himself daily more able to incur its responsibilities. In this way he masters in time the mysteries of ordinary book-keeping, commercial law, busi- ness customs, business forms, and becomes a rapid writer and quick accountant. When he has passed this stage of instruction, and stood the test of a searching examination into his fitness for promotion, he embarks again in business and has to encounter greater difficulties and more complicated questions. Before he succeeds in passing through this latter stage, he has had to encounter nearly every ques- tion that can possibly arise, and to meet nearly every difficulty that can embarrass a man in real business transactions. Thus the student learns quickness of thought and decision, steadiness of purpose, coolness of judgment in the most trying circumstances, and absolute certainty in methods of accounts. Every student has to work out for himself, under the eye of a competent and watchful master, a line of transactions peculiar to himself. In this exclusiveness of opera- tion lies a perfect safeguard against copying the work of others, as is sometimes the case in the system of instruction by classes. And the student, when he goes out into the world and takes up business in real earnest, does not find himself at sea because the conditions are not exactly the same as laid down in the text-books. He has learned to judge for himself each case as it arises, and is therefore quite at home in whatever situation he may be placed. The college, though a new institution, has already been very successful. Full information furnished by them on request. 176 Wki'e/a/id i04lu6iiated. Few places in Cleveland are better known than the Confectionery, Restaurant, and Dining establishment of Numsen & Whitney, No. 185 Superior street. The business was established in 1840, by H. Mould & Son. In 1851 the interest of H. Mould was purchased by P. Numsen, and the firm became Mould & Numsen. In 1872 it was changed to Numsen & Whitney, Arthur E. Whitney having taken an interest. During the past few years the business has increased to such an extent that considerable additions to the space were found necessary. In December, 1875, the building was renovated, refitted and impro- ved, and the entire four stories taken into use. Great- ly increas- ed facilities |] for dining were pro- vided, ena- bling six hundred persons to dine daily in the reg- nu.msen & whitnky's, 185 superior st. ular eating department. On special occasions as many as fourteen hundred persons have been accommodated in the entire building. There are separate dining-rooms for ladies, furnished with all the conveniences required. Besides the dining-room business a very large trade is done at wholesale and retail in confectionery. Parties are also catered for at short notice. In the same building are billiard parlors, furnished with the best tables. A peculiar feature is the absence of all wines, liquors and ales, from every part of the establishment. ijmhvdmid imtluMafed. 177 Passing along the southwest side of Monumental Park attention is attracted to the wall-paper store of William Downie, No. 20. The Downie establishment has been for more than twenty years well known to Clevelanders as a leading house in the line of interior decorations. First as John Downie, then as J. Downie & Co., and now as William Downie, it has always borne a good reputation for enterprise, taste, and fair dealing. The newest and best in style and quality could always be found there, with skillful workmen operating under the close personal supervision of the principal. In the annual changes of stock the successive steps in the progress of improvement in interior decorations could be marked. That progress has within the past year or two been extraordinary. Instead of the old unmeaning, and sometimes positively hideous patterns, harmoniz- ing with nothing in the household, an artistic taste is now displayed in every particular. Men of genius and high culture give their time and attention to the production of designs for wall-papers. Rules are laid down for the selection of patterns and colors to match with carpets and furniture. The walls are made not only attractive but also restful to the eye, by the perfect harmony of patterns and colors. The variety in designs, colors, qualities, and prices now displayed in Mr. Downie's stock is so great that all tastes and all pockets can be suited. Particular attention is called to the large number of Old English styles of hangings and the Morris and Eastlake designs. To these will soon be added some of the designs of Dr. Dresser. These can be had in the foreign paper or, in equally good quality and at one-half the cost, in reproductions by American manufacturers. By arrangements made with the American houses, the purchaser at Mr. Downie's can make a selection from a book of patterns, and have the design reproduced in any desired colors, and in quantity from a single room upward. In connection with his paper trade Mr. Downie is always prepared to furnish first-class painters, grainers, and paper-hangers. The work being under his personal supervision is sufficient guarantee that it will be done in the very best manner. 178 r Jo(evellii&UaUd, 181 The King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Company was incorporated as a stock company in 187 1, with a paid-up capital of $225,000, being successors to the business of Z. King, which was established as early as 1857. By a charter granted by the legisla- ture of Ohio, the company was authorized to build and construct iron bridges of all kinds, turn- tables, fences, jail-cells — in fact, everything in general wrought iron work. Additions of enlarg- c c ed capacity have been made to x the original works, until they £ now cover a space of over fifty « thousand square feet, affording unlimited facilities for getting £ out work promptly. In the com- £ pleteness, extent and adaptation > of tools and appointments re- ° quired for bridge construction, ^ the works of this company have c no superior. The annual sales ^ reach nearly a million dollars, x They manufacture over three £j hundred spans each year, with • a constantly increasing demand for their work, and there has not been a single failure of any of their bridges to sustain its re- quired load. The offices and works are located at the corner of St. Clair and Wason streets. Z. King, A. B. Stone, Henry Chisholm, Dan P. Eells, Leverett Alcott, R. P. Myers, H. D. Sizer, Truman Dunham and Chas. E. King con- stitute the Board of Directors. The officers are Z. King, President; Chas. E. King, Vice-President; and Harley B. Gibbs, Secretary. 182 C Ivnetand 'QUiitflafad. The establishment of Abbott, Brew & Co., successors to Young- love, Massey & Co., is near the corner of Euclid avenue and Willson avenue, on the line of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. The business was originally established by William DeWitt, about the year 1850, and was then confined to the manufacture of agricultural implements. The firm became DeWitt & Howell by the accession to it of Mr. Charles Howell. In 1856 the works, which were then on the flats, suffered destruction by fire ; a new firm was formed under the name of Baldwin, DeWitt & Co., the members being- Dudley Baldwin, M. C. Younglove and William DeWitt ; new works were built on the same site, and operations recommenced on a more extensive scale. On the death of Mr. DeWitt the firm was changed to Younglove, Massey & Co. Up to 1870 the firm confined itself to the manufacture of Agricultural implements, chiefly the Hubbard mower and reaper. In that year the works on the flats were found to be too small, and the present site was bought and larger buildings erected. Another department was added, that of architectural iron works. In 1871 the foundry was burnt down, but it was speedily rebuilt on a larger scale and in a more permanent manner. In Jan- uary, 1872, the entire works, with the exception of the foundry, were destroyed by fire; in the following spring the works were rebuilt, the work being carried on meanwhile down town, so that no time was lost. In 1875 the firm was changed to Abbott, Brew & Co. Further additions were made to the kinds of work undertaken, so that all descriptions of agricultural implements are now made, especial atten- tion being given to the Ithaca horse rake, the American cider mill, the continental feed cutter, horse-powers, cultivators, threshers and other implements; every kind of iron work for buildings is manufactured, and complete iron houses or iron fronts are made. Among the prominent iron buildings or fronts supplied by the firm are the Singer sewing machine building and the city national bank building, in Chicago ; the saving and loan association block and Andrews & Hitch- cock, Youngstown ; Detroit Tribune building; Scott's block, Erie; Ryder's art building and Cobb & Bradley's block, Cleveland, and several others. Since 1875 chains of all sizes and kinds are also made. 3/ mvclcmd %wlluMtaUd. 188 Jevcfaml @Uu&Uattd '. One of the most extensive and notable of Cleveland's manufac- turing establishments is the Standard Oil Company's works. This company was organized in 1870, and soon after that date absorbed within its organization the greater number of the oil refining firms in the city. The works were steadily enlarged to meet the growing requirements of the business, until the present mammoth proportions were reached. No other oil refining establishment in the world compares with this in extent of operations or perfection of detail. Several hundred persons are employed, and when in full operation ten thousand barrels of oil a day have been shipped. Everything that can be made on the premises is there manufactured. The barrel manufactory is a curiosity. The barrels are made by machin- ery, and so extensive and perfect is the machinery, that ten thousand barrels or even more can be made daily. The barrel factory of itself affords employment to a great number of men and boys. The main works are situated on Broadway, the track of the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad passing in the immediate neighborhood. What oil is brought from the oil regions for the Standard works by the Lake Shore Railway, passes under the city through pipes laid along the line of the streets between the lake shore and Broadway, and con- nected with pumps at the company's works. The refined product finds a market in all parts of the world, the greater portion probably going to Europe. The traveler in any part of Europe is likely to come across the blue barrels and distinctive brand of the Standard Oil Company where he little dreamed of being so reminded of Cleveland. In addition to their extensive establishment in Cleve- land, the company have works elsewhere employing numerous hands. The principal offices are in the Standard Block, 346 Euclid avenue, occupying rooms 1 to 10. The officers are: President, John D. Rockefeller; Vice-President, William Rockefeller; Secretary, H. M. Flagler; Treasurer, O. H. Payne; Superintendent, Samuel Andrews. h vet and f0Mti4itaied. 185 The manufacture of Carriages is an important feature in the industries of Cleveland. The establishment of Sims & Warden, known as the Euclid Avenue Carriage Manufacturing Com- pany, has attained a widespread reputation for the high class of work turned out by it. Its manufactures include all the finest varieties of Carriages and the latest styles in design and finish. Sulkies of the lightest and at the same time strongest make, open and top Road Wagons of every design, Basket and Pony Phaetons, four and six seat I2IQ AND 1221 EUCLID AVENUE. extension top Phaetons, Coupe Rockaways, and in fact every descrip- tion of fine carriage that runs on wheels is made at this establish- ment. The utmost care has been always taken in the selection of materials so that none but the best and soundest of stuff is used in the manufacture of the vehicles, the peculiar characteristics of which are their lightness and at the same time perfect trustworthiness on the point of strength. All carriages sent from this establishment are warranted and no occasion has been found for complaint. The sales have been large and cover a wide extent of country. In addition to the manufacture of new carriages attention is now paid to repairs, the utmost care being taken in this department and special facilities for the prompt and skilful execution of work provided. 186 C lew-land C ,U Mutilated. RIDES AND DRIVES. 'HE visitor to Cleveland who wishes to enjoy a pleasant and picturesque drive, or to seek some attractive spot in the ] ^' suburbs in which to spend a few hour?, will find no difficulty in gratifying his desires. Nearly all the main avenues of the city are pleasant routes for a drive, the streets being wide and well paved, VIEW ON EUCLID AVENUE. and the houses and lawns affording agreeable diversion for the eye in passing. Every line of street cars as it approaches the suburbs, if not before, takes the passenger into pleasant and picturesque spots. In the river can be found at nearly all hours of the day safe and commodious steam yachts, ready to start for Rocky River or some other place of popular resort, and there are numerous sail yachts and skiffs for short trips, or for those who merely wish a turn out in the lake a short distance, or a row up the river. During the summer months hundreds of the people of the city and visitors daily avail themselves of the advantages offered them for a pleasant ride or drive or trip on the water. The first question asked of a visitor to Cleveland who has had time to see some of the sights is, " Have you been up Euclid ave- nue ?" As well go to Rome without seeing St. Peter's, or to London without visiting the tower, or to Washington without going to the capitol, as come to Cleveland with the purpose of seeing it and not making the first duty the ride along the avenue. That avenue has been the special pride of Cleveland since the early days of the oldest inhabitant. Before the city attained its present population, when even the longest of avenues fails to afford space for all the wealth and fashion of the prosperous city, it was the summit of a Clevelander's earthly ambition to have a mansion on Euclid street — on the "nabob side" — before dying. That attained and enjoyed for a time there was nothing left to live for, and the happy Clevelander sank peace- fully to rest. Even before the avenue reached its present perfect condition, the stamp of superlative excellence was placed upon it by that distinguished writer and unrivaled traveler, Bayard Taylor. In one of his published essays he pronounced Euclid avenue, taking its length, number of fine residences, and general beauty into consider- ation, without a superior in the world. Other world-famous streets may have grander architecture for a short distance; single lawns may be more lavishly decorated with flower-beds and statuary; or there may be other isolated beauties which surpass anything this famous avenue can show. But no avenue in the world can present to the delighted visitor such a continuous succession of charming residences and such uniformly beautiful grounds for so great a distance. It was this which impelled Bayard Taylor to the eulogy 188 M lew (and tmttu&Uaied. of Cleveland's favorite avenue, which, naturally enough, Clevelanders are never weary of repeating when the charms of the avenue are the topic of conversation. If the visitor takes a carriage he should com- .mence his ride at the south- eastern corner of Monumental Park, that being the place where the avenue be- gins. Here he sees on either side the new business blocks erected within a few years, and which afford evi- dence that the unexpected in- road of business on this aristo- J-tl^eLcratic avenue I8§§ii|§§lait vv ^ not impair ™^Lits reputation as EUCLID AVENU1 -I. AWNS AND WALK. • an elegant thor- oughfare. After passing the Con- vent, Union Club House, Central High School and First Baptist Church, Erie street is crossed, and in a short time the line of elegant residences is reached. From this time the visitor passes for nearly, if not quite, three miles of finely paved road, lined with elegant mansions, whose exteriors are in every detail indicative of comfort and beauty within. Each house has grounds, more or less spacious, stretching from the ridge on which the house stands down to the line of the street at some distance; the turf in these lawns is almost mewfand ^mttu&Utitvd. 189 invariably of velvety softness and of a rich green, showing watchful care and liberal expenditure in its maintenance. Beds of rare flowers or leaf-plants present in the season glowing masses of colors, and graceful shrubs or stately forest trees add their attractions. Between the smoothly flagged sidewalks and the pavement of the carriage-way are carefully tended grassy lawns, and the sidewalks are mostly over-arched with massive shade trees. The eye is never EUCLID AVENUE RESIDENCE OF L. E. HOLDEN. wearied with the .succession of beauties, for each has something peculiar to itself. Some of the more elegant grounds, such as those of the Wades, near the corner of Case avenue, are thrown open to the inspection of well-behaved visitors. The magnificent displays of leaf-plants and masses of brilliant flowers in these grounds are 190 § (eveland r xJf(i(iflated. well worthy a visit. Leaving these behind, the drive takes the visitor past a large number of other handsome residences and well-kept grounds, through what was until within a few years the village of East Cleveland, and so on out by charming suburban homes to Wade Park. This is the private property of Mr. J. H. Wade, a gentleman who has spent large sums and displayed exquisite taste in beautifying VIEW IN WADE I'. ARK. the city. Wade Park occupies a deep ravine and the surrounding land, and the natural beauties of the place have been developed and heightened by art until a place of rare attractiveness has been formed; walks and drives amid dense shrubbery or under forest trees of imposing grandeur, or by sunny banks, have been laid out with taste and judgment, without regard to expense. Emerging from Wade Park, which has not yet been completed, beautiful as it now is, 'lewiand *i ' u 6i "ceded. 191 the drive can be continued a short distance further east until on the other side of the road the gate of Lake View Cemetery is reached. This we have already described in another place. This is the end of the paved road. The drive can be continued further east along a delightful road, or the return route can be taken and digression made southward by way of Willson or Case avenue, where good fcM;(ii»VJi!Ai)Wiuw»l!*" VIEW ON CASE AVENUE. roads and a large number of pretty residences will be found. The Willson avenue route passes public pleasure gardens, where open- air concerts and other amusements are given in the summer season, and, after passing the busy junction with Woodland avenue, a diver- sion may be made to Woodland Cemetery and the Work-house, or in another direction to Woodland Hills, or homeward by the broad and busy thoroughfare of Woodland avenue. By the Case avenue route, also, a little further to the westward, the same points can be reached, passing on the way the open grounds where base ball matches are played. Instead of continuing along either of these avenues so far as Woodland, the way can be taken down town along Pros- pect street, which runs parallel to Euclid avenue, and has for several years been the formidable rival of that avenue in the matter of hand- some residences. The grounds on this street are not so extensive as '92 lev eland Kmlhti t'c cited. PROSPECT STREET RESIDENCE OF S. M. CARPENTER. on Euclid avenue, but they are equally well kept, and a handsome residence on East Prospect street is now looked on by a large num- ber as equally desirable with a residence on the avenue. As a speci- men of the handsome and home-like dwelling-houses on this street, we give an illustration of the residence of Mr. S. M. Carpenter. Those who do not wish to take a carriage can see much of the route we have described by taking a car on the East Cleveland railroad ; the car passes up Euclid avenue to Erie street, and thence along Prospect street to Case avenue, when it returns to Euclid avenue and continues upon it to the Lake View Cemetery. The greater part of Prospect street is thus traversed, but a large portion of the fine residences on Euclid avenue cannot be seen by taking this mode of conveyance. On returning, however, a walk may be taken from Willson avenue down Euclid avenue to any desired point. -%*> 'Cleveland ^Uii&focded. 193 Another attractive drive is along the St. Clair road. Starting from Monumental Park along Superior street the route takes us past the Library Association building, the magnificent City Hall, a suc- cession of handsome business blocks and private residences to Erie street; crossing this we come to the Roman Catholic Cathedral, and in its rear the elegant and costly man- sion recently erected for the residence of the bishop. Beyond this are several tasteful resi- dences and the fine Ger- man' Roman Catholic Church at the corner of Dodge street. Either here or beyond, the turn can be made northward into St. Clair street, which runs parallel to Superior. The drive from this point out is a pleasant one, passing some comfortable residences and several pretty cottages, until the grounds of the Northern Ohio Fair Association and the Cleveland Club are reached; just before reaching this point a turn to the left will take us to the beautiful grounds of Gordon Park, now in course of construction, on the same ravine on which Wade Park lies further to the south. Mr. W. J. Gordon's private residence also is in this neighborhood, on the bank of the lake. Adjoining it on the lake front is " Fair Banks," the residence of Mr. A. W. Fair- banks, probably the most charming spot on the whole line of the i 3 auk SUPERIOR STREET -BISHOP S MANSION. 19A thwland °X§dluifiate4 X, 11 wlmm^^^m 'hvetand ^tiuMlafod. 195 1 RESIDENCE OF A. W. FAIRBANKS. lake. Nature and art have combined to make this a place of exquisite beauty. The drive eastward passes several other tastefully- located and comfortably built residences, some of them for summer occupancy only, and others occupied all the year round. " Coit's," a summer hotel much frequented by the well-to-do Cleveland families, lies still further along the road. The pretty little village of Glenville is also on this road. A pleasant drive can be had by varying the route home from Lake View Cemetery. A little way west of the cemetery Euclid avenue passes Fairmount avenue ; turning southeast along this ave- nue until Woodland Hills is reached a straight road lies before the traveler, conveying him along a ridge from which a fine view of the city can be obtained. This route ends at the gate of the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, and the drive can profitably be continued within the handsome grounds of the Asylum. The most direct and pleasant way back to the center of the city will then be by Broadway. A charming drive, and one that is taken by hundreds every week during the summer, is the road to Rocky River. Crossing the river and ascending Detroit street hill, the straight road along Detroit street may be taken, or a digression made by way of Church street, 196 vihmiand '^UuiituUd. or still further to the south by Franklin street. In this way a num- ber of fine residences are passed, and by turning northward the proper route along Detroit street is regained. From the moment the boundary of the city is past the way lies along a road bounded on either side by comfortable residences and well-kept grounds, fine orchards and extensive and fruitful vineyards. Rocky River itself is a spot made highly attractive by nature, and which has been made more so by liberal and judicious expenditures. The river seeks the CHURCH STREET WEST SIDE. lake through a deep ravine, the banks of which, near the mouth, are crowned with handsomely arranged grounds, open to the pleasure seeker. Large and well-kept summer hotels and houses of call are in the immediate neighborhood, and in the river are a number of neat sail and row boats on hire. During the entire summer the grounds are thronged with pic-nic parties, who go there by the road, or by the Rocky River Railroad, or by the several small steamers that run regularly, or by special charter, from the city. There are other pleasant drives around and out of the city. In fact, no one of the many avenues leading from the city's center to the surrounding country but will be found attractive for an after- noon's drive on a pleasant day. INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. City Hall 2 Cleveland Und-rthe Hill in 1800 10 Plat of the Village of Cleveland, 1814 14 Old Tiiniiy Church 17 Cou t House in 1828 20 First School House 22 The Old Academy 23 Old Prospect Street School 24 The First High School 26 Cleveland, ia57 27 Union Passenger Depot 29 Kennard House 36 Weadell House 37 Forest City House 38 American House 39 Strei binder House , 40 Euclid Avenue Opera House 43 Case Hall 44 Going to a Fire 50 Water Works 52 Viaduct, from foot of Detroit Street 55 Work-House 58 Industr al Home 60 Monumental Park, Northwest Section, 18 T6 62 Monumental Park, Northwest Section, 1839 63 Perry's Monument 65 Monumental Park — Kustic Bridge 66 Superior Street, West from Monumental Park 67 Monumen'al Park, from Forest City House 68 Lake View Park 70 Circle, West Side 71 Erie Street Cemetery— Main Entrance 72 Woodland Avenue Cemetery— Main Entrance 74 Lake View Cemetery— Front View of Receiving Vault 75 Lake View Cemetery— Side View of Receiving Vault 76 Lake View Cemetery— Pond 77 Brownell Street School 80 Central High School 81 198 Cleveland Illustrated— Index to Illustrations. PAGE. Normal School 84 Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane 93 Charity Hospital 95 Cleveland City Hospital 97 The Retreat, on St. Clair Street 100 Boarding Home of the Woman's Christian Association 101 Young Men's Christian Association Building... 102 Central Place Friendly Inn— Interior View 110 Bethel Home Ill Cuyahoga River, View 1 114 Cuyahoga River, View 2 115 Light House on the Hill lit! Court House, 1858 119 New Court House, 1876 122 Post Office and Custom House 125 Union Club House 130 Entrance to Northern Ohio Fair and Cleveland Club Grounds 131 Brooks School 133 Cleveland Medical College 135 Homoeopathic Hospital College 136 Trinity Church, 1876 139 St. Paul's Church, 1856 140 St. Paul's Church, 1876 141 First Methodist Episcopal Church 143 Stone Church, First Presbyterian, 1834 145 Stone Church, First Presbyterian, 1876 146 First Baptist Church, 18a5 147 First Baptist Church, 1876 148 Second Baptist Church, 1876 150 St. Joseph's Church 153 Herald Office 156 Evangelical Publishing House 160 Bank Street 161 National Bank Building 162 Society for Savings Building 163 E. I. Baldwin & Co.'s Building 164 S. Brainard's Sons' Building _ 165 S. Brainard's Sons' Salesroom 167 Cleveland Paper Company's Building 168 J. W. Carson & Co.'s Building 170 W. P. Fogg & Co.'s Building 171 A. S. Herenden Furniture Company's Building 172 Gotf. Saal's Building 173 Manslleld & Co 's Store 174 Numsen & Whitney's— Interior View 176 H. Weisgerber's Block 178 J. H Pratt & Co.'s Building 179 King Iron Bridge Works 181 Abbott, Brew & Co.'s Works - 183 Sims & Warden's Carriage Works 185 Cleveland Illustrated - Index to Text. 199 PAGE. Euclid Avenue— View of Street 186 Euclid Avenue— View of Lawns 188 Residence of L. E. Holden 189 Wade's Park.. _ 190 Case Avenue 191 Residence of S. M. Carpenter 192 Residence of the Catholic Bishop -. U13 Gordon Park 194 Residence of A. W. Fairbanks 195 Church Street, West Side " 196 INDEX TO TEXT. PAGE. Academy of Music 45 American House 39 Amusements 43-45 Atlantic & Great Western Railroad 34 Abbott, Brew & Co 182-183 Banks and Banking Houses. 1 , .162-162 Ball, a Pioneer 9 Bank, The first 16 Battle of the Bridge 21 Birch House 41 Board of City Improvemeuts 54 Brainard's Sons... 165-167 Broadway 195 Business Houses 164-180 Case Avenue 191 Case Hall 44 Cemeteries 72-78 Charter, Village, obtained.. 15 Charter, City, obtained 19 Churches 137-154 City Hall 46 City Hotel 41 Cleveland Hotel 41 Carson, J. W., & Co: 170 200 Cleveland Illustrated — Index lo Text. PAGK. Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad 33 Cleveland, Tuscarawas? Valley & Wheeling Railway 35 Cleveland. Co'umbm, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway 30 Cleaveland, General Moses, enters the Cuyahoga River , 7 Cleveland, Map of, in 1814 14 Clubs 130-133 "Coits" 195 Court, The first 12 Court Hnu-e-s and Jails 119 Coal, The first load of 18 Deed, A good, rejected 17 Detroit Afreet to Rocky River . 196 Downie, Wm 177 East Prospect Street 192 Euclid Avenue 187-189 Euclid Avenue Opera House '. 42 " Fair Hanks"' 193 Falrmount Avenue 195 Fire Department 49 Fogg, W P.,&Co 171 Forest City Business College 175 Forest City House 38 Gordon Park 193 Globe Theatre .' 45 Harbor of Refuge 117 Herenden, A. 8.. Furniture Company 172 Hospitals and Benevolent Institutions 92-112 House of < Orrection 58 Hotels 36-41 Inches, Miss Cloe, arrives and is married 8 Industrial Farm, School and Home 60 Industrial School 59 Infirmary 57 Kcnnard House 36 King Iron Bridge Manufacturing Company 181 Lake View Cemetery Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway 31 Lake Commerce 113 Light- 1 louses 116 Libraries and Museums 86-91 Leonad, C H ,&Co 178 Lottery for Harbor Improvement 15 Manufactories 180-185 Mayors of Cleveland and Ohio City 28 Medical Colleges 135-136 Mil tary Organizations 12(5-127 Militia Training. The first 12 Municipal Government 47 Mansfield, J.. & Co 174 Newspapers, The first 18 Cleveland Illustrated — Index to Text. 20 1 TAGE. Newspapers and Publishing Houses 155-161 New England House] 41 Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum Grounds 195 Numsen & Whitney 176 Ohio Canal opened 18 Ohio City settled 20 Omic, the Indian murderer, hung 12 Parks, Public 62-71 Paper Company, Cleveland 168-169 Police Department 51 Population Statistics 28 Pratt, J. H., & Company 179 Prediction, A Startling, fulfilled 12 Private Schools 133-134 Public Schools 79-85 Railroad, Approaches to Cleveland by ,. 29-35 Railway Communication opened 27 Religious Organizations 16 Riding to the Ball 11 Rides and Drives 186-196 Saal Gotf 173 Scared out of their wits 12 School, The first township 9 School, The first village 12 School System organized .. 21 Sermon, The first 9 Sim- & Warden 1 185 Standard Oil Company 184 Street Railroads _ ..128-129 Striebinger House 40 St. Clair Place 41 St. Clair Road.. 193 Steamboat Lines 35 Theatre Comique .. 45 United States Buildings 121-126 Wade's Park 190 " Walk-in-the- Water" enters port 18 Water Works 52 Weddell House 37 Wedding, The first 8 Weisgerber 178 Willson Avenue 191 Woodland Hills 195 202 CI wchi ad Illusf ratal —Advertisements. as i 3 5£ 1 ^ o H in Q w > en ►—I £5 z «i ) "ST -I \ 2 CH < g u g U o u J§> tfty Cleveland Illustrated — Advertisements. 203 loYBlaniL.^olnmlins.^inclnnati^ TnOianapolis TO THE Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Evening trains leave CLEVELAND daily with Rotunda Sleeping Cars, for COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI, INDIANAPOLIS, LOUISVILLE, TERRE HAUTE, EVANSVILLE, ST. LOUIS and all points West and South. Morning Trains leave daily, except Sunday, with through Palace Coaches, for COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI, INDIANAPOLIS, LOUISVILLE, and ST. LOUIS without change. This is the only line making direct connection from all the Principal Trunk Lines of the East, for NASHVILLE, MEMPHIS, NEW ORLEANS and all points in Texas, either by way of LOUISVILLE or ST. LOUIS. Direct connection at ST. LOUIS for all Railway Towns in Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado. The Best Road-Bed and Safest Road in the West. Tickets for this Route for Sale at all Regular Ticket Offices. E. S. FLINT, A. J. SMITH, S. F. PIERSON, General Superintendent. Asst. Gen't Ticket Ag't. General Ticket Ag't. 204 Cleveland Illustrated— Advertisements. B. J". ZMZZEL^ZDIE, 1215 Euclid Avenue, C. &. P. Crossing, (Interfering, gorging & all Diseases of the $eet Will Receive Special Attention. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Cleveland Illustrated — Advertisements. 205 fanufladuring Jeweler, JJlAMOND j^ETTINQ, "^NQFJ^VINq AND $Jn AMEL I NQ, Door Plates and Seals Cut. BEPAIEIUG PEOPBBLY ZDOIETE. Office and Factory, 11 Euclid Avenue, CLEVELAND, OHIO. MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF LADIES' AND MISSES' EINE HAND-MADE «i ft2 5 && CUSTOM-MADE WORK CONSTANTLY ON HAND. No. 808 Euclid Avenue, Old No. 5, Cleveland, .... - Ohio. 206 Cleveland Illustrated— Advertisements. "WILLIAM SABIN, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN Gloves, Mittens* Whips, 79 Michigan Street, Cleveland, Ohio. ^AaC I THE PHOTO. ENGS. ARE CAST IN METAL. AND . CLOSELY RESEMBLE f^* FIRST CLASS WOOD CUTS.| iTHEY CAN BE ! USED IN ANY PRINTING PRESS mmmm OF MAPS, PORTRAITS, BOOK&CATALOGUE | ILLUSTRATIONS, j^~ IMACHINERr, jjy j STOVES. E CT. 3 ENGRAVINGS BY THIS NEW AND BEAUTIFUL PROCESS. AT ONE HALF THE COST OF WOOD-CUTS. ENTIRE SATISFACTION SUARANTEED.^BOND & CHANDLER MANAGERS. ? SEND FOR ESTIMATES. )"( COR. MADISON & CLARK STS. DE. C. E. EDSON, DENTIST, '74: IPiablic Square, Over Fulton Market. FIRST-CLASS WORK. $8.00 FOR UPPER OR LOWER SET OF TEETH, All Work Warranted. Cleveland Illustrated — Advertisements. 20, BARRETT, Silk Hats Manufacturer. office ofI\. f . ^ARRETT 8f f 0. CLEVELAND HAT EACTORY, No. 223 Superior Street, ( Wleveland ; @. ; Sept, 9th ; 78?6. We leg to inform the public generally ; that in addition to our wholesale trade ; we are retailing Silk fflHats. and at prices that are from one to two dollars less on a hat. than the prices of regular retailers. 0ur worhmen are of the very lest in the trade ; and the senior partner^ Jir. 3Jarrett ; has had twelve years practical experience in hatting in &ostcn ; JYew &orlc and £Philadel= phi a. We use the lest French £Plushes } and have every facility for turning out firsts class worlc. shing the pullic to give us a call and convince themselves ; we are °Very Respectfully ; <$.&.$awM$>6dQ 223 Superior Street. 208 Cleveland Illustrated— Advertisements. FREEDLE, fVto^apher. Reader : I respectfully desire to call your attention to the Beautiful Retouched Photo- graphs we are making at the following prices. $1.50 2.00 3.00 6.00 25c. OUR AR1 1ST. PHOTOGRAPHS PER DOZEN. STANDING OR SITTING, - ~ VIGNETTES, - MEDALLIONS, - CABINETS, - - - " FERREOTYPE OR TINTYPE, - - - TINTYPttTG I» ALL ITS BUNCHES. Old Pictures Copied and Enlarged, and finished in India Ink Oil Crayon, or Water Colors, in the highest style of the art, from $2.00 up to life size at $50.00 Photographer, NO. 223 & 225 SUPERIOR ST., CLEVELAND, O. Corner SENECA STREET.