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THE 
 
 HIEROGLYPHICS 
 
 OF 
 
 HORAPOLLO NILOUS 
 
LONDON : 
 C, WHITTINGHAM, 21, TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE. 
 

^ THE A 
 
 HIEROGLYPHICS 
 
 OF 
 
 HORAPOLLO NILOUS 
 
 \\ 
 
 BY 
 
 ALEXANDER TURNER CORY 
 
 FELLOW OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE 
 OAMBHIDOE 
 
 ft 
 
 M DCCC XL 
 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 For some years past an ardent spirit of enquiry 
 has been awakened with regard to the interpreta- 
 tion of the hieroglyphics inscribed upon the mo- 
 numents of Egypt. For ages, these had been 
 looked upon as the depositories to which had 
 been committed the religion arts and sciences of a 
 nation once pre-eminent in civilization. Attempts 
 had been continually made to penetrate the dark- 
 ness, but without the slightest success, till the 
 great discovery of Dr. Young kindled the light, 
 with which the energetic and imaginative genius 
 of Champollion, and the steady industry and zeal 
 of his fellow labourers and successors, have illus- 
 trated almost every department of Egyptian anti- 
 quity, and rendered the religion and arts, and 
 manners of that country, almost as familiar to us 
 as those of Greece and Rome; and revived the 
 names and histories of the long-forgotten Pharaohs. 
 The ill success of every previous attempt, may 
 in a great measure, be attributed to the scanty 
 
remnants of Egyptian literature that had survived, 
 and the neglect into which the sacred writings of 
 Egypt had fallen, at the time when Eusebius and 
 several of the fathers of the Christian church 
 turned their attention to antiquity. 
 
 The ravages of the Persians had scattered and 
 degraded the priesthood of Egypt, the sole depo- 
 sitories of its learning. But the fostering care of 
 the Ptolemies reinstated them in splendour, and 
 again established learning in its ancient seat. 
 The cultivation of the sacred literature and a know- 
 ledge of hieroglyphics continued through the whole 
 of the Greek dynasty, although the introduction of 
 alphabetic writing was tending gradually to super- 
 sede them. Under the Roman dominion and upon 
 the diffusion of Christianity they further declined ; 
 but the names of Roman emperors are found in- 
 scribed in hieroglyphic characters, down to the close 
 of the second century, that of Commodus being, we 
 believe, the latest that appears. During the two 
 centuries that succeeded, the influence of Chris- 
 tianity, and the establishment of the Platonic 
 schools at Alexandria, caused them to be alto- 
 gether neglected. 
 
 At the beginning of the fifth century, Horapollo, 
 a scribe of the Egyptian race, and a native of 
 Phsenebythis, attempted to collect and perpetuate 
 
in the volume before us, the then remaining, but 
 fast fading knowledge of the symbols inscribed 
 upon the monuments, which attested the ancient 
 grandeur of his country. This compilation was 
 originally made in the Egyptian language ; but 
 a translation of it into Greek by Philip has alone 
 come down to us, and in a condition very far from 
 satisfactory. From the internal evidence of the 
 work, we should judge Philip to have lived a 
 century or two later than Horapollo ; and at a 
 time when every remnant of actual knowledge of 
 the subject must have vanished. He moreover, ex- 
 pressly professes to have embellished the second 
 book, by the insertion of symbols and hierogly- 
 phics, which Horapollo had omitted to introduce - T 
 and appears to have extended his embellishments 
 also to the first book. Nevertheless, there is no 
 room to doubt but that the greater portion of the 
 hieroglyphics and interpretations given in that 
 book, as well as some few in the second book, 
 are translated from the genuine work of Horapollo, 
 so far as Philip understood it : but in all those 
 portions of each chapter, which pretend to assign 
 a reason why the hieroglyphics have been used to 
 denote the thing signified, we think the illustra- 
 tions of Philip may be detected. 
 
 In the first stages of hieroglyphical interpreta- 
 
tion, this work afforded no inconsiderable light. 
 But upon the whole, it has scarcely received the 
 attention which it may justly claim, as the only 
 ancient volume entirely devoted to the task of un- 
 ravelling the mystery in which Egyptian learning 
 has been involved ; and as one, which in many in- 
 stances, unquestionably contains the correctjnter- 
 pretations. In the present edition of the work, 
 where any interpretations have been ascertained to 
 be correct, the chapter has been illustrated by 
 the corresponding hieroglyphic. In those cases 
 where the hieroglyphic is mentioned, but an incor- 
 rect interpretation assigned, engravings have been 
 given of it, as well as of the hieroglyphic corres- 
 ponding to such interpretation, wherever these have 
 been ascertained : and they have been inserted in 
 the hope that they may lead persons better ac- 
 quainted with the subject to discover more accurate 
 meanings than we have been able to suggest. 
 
 Among the engravings is inserted a complete 
 Pantheon of the great gods and goddesses of Egypt 
 — Khem, of whom Osiris is a form, is the great 
 deity corresponding to the Indian Siva, and the 
 Pluto of the Greeks — Phtha, of whom Horus is 
 another form, is the Indian Brahma, and Greek 
 Apollo — and Kneph is the counterpart of Vishnu 
 and Jupiter — Isis, of Vesta — Hathor, of Venus — 
 
Neith, of Minerva — and Thoth, of whom Anubis 
 is another form,* is the origin of Mercury. 
 
 In this edition, the best text that could be found 
 has been adopted, and in no instance has any 
 emendation been hazarded without express autho- 
 rity ; and our own suggestions have throughout 
 been inserted in the notes, or within parentheses. 
 And at the end will be found an index of the au- 
 thors and manuscripts referred to, as well as the 
 celebrated passages of Porphyry and Clemens re- 
 lating to Hieroglyphical interpretation. 
 
 To Lord Prudhoe, at whose request and expense 
 this work has been completed, and by whom also 
 a very considerable part of the illustrations has 
 been furnished, I beg to return my most sincere 
 thanks. To Sir Gardner Wilkinson's published 
 works I am much indebted, as well as to his assist- 
 ance in the progress of the work ; also to the kind- 
 ness of Messrs. Burton, Bonomi, Sharpe, and Birch, 
 who have respectively supplied several additional 
 illustrations. But for more convenient reference, I 
 have generally cited Mr. Sharpe's vocabulary, in 
 which are comprised in a condensed form almost 
 all the established discoveries of his predecessors. 
 
 The edition of Horapollo by Dr. Leemans has 
 
 * See LP. Cory's Mythological and Chronological Inquiries. 
 
afforded some illustrations, and several of the 
 various readings subjoined ; and it is with great 
 pleasure that the reader is referred to that work 
 for almost every passage contained in ancient au- 
 thors which has any bearing upon the subject. 
 The kindness of Mr. Bonomi, in executing designs 
 for all the engravings, and of Mr. J. A. Cory, for 
 the frontispiece and plates at the end, I beg with 
 many thanks to acknowledge : and to Mr. I. P. 
 Cory I am indebted for much assistance through- 
 out the whole progress of the work, both in the 
 translation and the notes, and in furnishing many 
 of the illustrations and elucidations of some of the 
 very obscure passages that occur throughout the 
 work ; and also for the labour of correcting much 
 of the press, which he undertook for me while 
 unavoidably engaged in other pursuits. 
 
 In conclusion, I beg to state, that upon myself 
 must rest the responsibility of all the errors and 
 deficiencies in the work, which I feel convinced 
 cannot but be many; I trust, however, that they 
 will in general be found comparatively unimpor- 
 tant. 
 
 Pembroke College, 1 840. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
QPAnOAAQNOS NEIAQOY 
 IEPOrAY$IKA 
 
 A ESHNErKE MEN AYT02 AUTIITIAI 4QNHI, 
 
 METE^PASE AE $IAIIIII02 EI2 THN 
 
 EAAAAA AIAAEKTON. 
 
THE HIEROGLYPHICS OF 
 HORAPOLLO NILOUS 
 
 WHICH HE PUBLISHED IN THE EGYPTIAN TONGUE, 
 
 AND WHICH PHILIP TRANSLATED INTO 
 
 THE GREEK LANGUAGE. 
 
N.B. The inverted commas in the text denote the parts 
 which have been already recognized in the hieroglyphics : and 
 the Italics between the text and notes refer to the hiero- 
 glyphical illustrations. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 BIBAION IIPQTON. 
 BOOK I. 
 
 ). HOW THEY DENOTE ETERNITY. 
 
 a. IIgjV alma. crn//,alvou(Ti. 
 
 ^HcovoccryjfialvovTE^yYi^iov To denote Eternity* they 
 
 kou <te\yivwv ygatpouai, foa depict the sun and moon, 
 
 i to aluvia slvai cttoix^' because their elements are 
 
 alma tf ETEgcog y^a^ai eternal. But when they would 
 
 @quXq/j,evoi, cxpiv ^coyga- ' represent Eternity* diffe- 
 
 i. Denotes Eternal. 
 
 ii. Head of a God with the Basilisk upon it. The ba- 
 silisk often passes over the head, and is occasionally 
 found passing round it. 
 
 in. Denotes Immortality. — Sharpe, 186, 191. 
 
 * Eternal power ? — a definite period ? — an age ! 
 
Qoi/aiv, £%ovt« iyiv ougav 
 
 U7T0 TO X017T0V (TUfMOt KpUTT- 
 
 ro/xevvvj ov Kofcovcriv Al- 
 yvTTTioi Ougauov,f o ecttiv 
 'Exhyvio-r) @acriXio-Kov' X 
 
 OVTTEg X^UHOVV 7TQ10VVTES, 
 
 BeoT; TTEpiT&Eao-LV. alma 
 ^£ KEyouaiv AlyuTTTioi ha 
 
 TOUO^E TOU £uOU 0^y]X0U(7- 
 §ai'\ ETTEIOY) TglUV ysvcov 
 ofiEcov kocQeutootuv T0& fAEV 
 Xoi7ra,, SvriTa, imagxEi, 
 rooro 5e ftovov a,9a.varov' 
 b Hixi wg6<r<puoii<rav*ETEpa) 
 ttcxvti £cou Vi%a #ai|| tqv 
 aansTvy avaigs'i. o9ev e7Tel- 
 oy) $QKE'i£aYJs xcci Savarou 
 
 HUglEUEIVy OlOC TQVTO aUTOV 
 
 ett) rrjg KEtpaXrit; ruv Qecov 
 E7riTLQsao~iv. 
 
 ' rently, they delineate a ser- 
 ' pent with its tail covered by 
 ' the rest of its body : the 
 ' Egyptians call this Ouraius,f 
 ' which in the Greek language 
 ' signifies Basilisk: | And they 
 ' place golden figures of it 
 ' round the Gods. The Egyp- 
 tians say that Eternity is re- 
 presented by this animal ; be- 
 cause of the three existing 
 species of serpents, the others 
 are mortal, but this alone is 
 immortal ; and IT because it 
 destroys any other animal by 
 merely breathing upon it even 
 without biting. And hence, 
 inasmuch as it thus appears to 
 have power over life and death, 
 they place it upon the head of 
 the Gods. 
 
 t OYPO, in Coptic, signifies a king. Jab. Champ. Tat.— Morell 
 suggests OvjScuoc, as a derivative from nx, Ob, a serpent. 
 
 X The Cobra Capella. — Hasselquist is in error when he says that 
 the Arabs call this serpent Haje. They call it Nasher : and Haiyeh 
 or Hayyeh is a general name for a serpent. 
 
 § Par. A and B omit. 
 
 * Kircher suggests, " By the hiss." — See also Sanchoniatho 
 Eus. Pr. Ev. lib. i. c. 10. 
 
 || Aid. om. Kai. 
 
 % Qy. insert " Power?" 
 
II. HOW THE UNIVERSE. 
 
 . Hug koa/xov. 
 
 KoVjbtov (3ou\6{aevoi ygcc- 
 i^ai, b<piv Zuypa<pou<n tyiv 
 lavTou EcrQiovra. ovoav, ka- 
 Tiyfxsvov (poXicri Troinihaig. 
 &a fxsv rcov (pohicfuv alvir- 
 to/xevoi robg kv tw koct^u 
 aarspocg. fitxguTtXTov tie ro 
 £coov, Ktx§a,7rE$ kcu r\ yy. 
 
 XElOTtXTOV $£, U-TTTEp l/dag. 
 Htxff 'ixoUTTOV <$E EVIOCUTOV 
 
 to yri^ag a(ps)g f octtooue- 
 
 TCtl. K<xQ' HOU EV TW 
 
 xoV/xw EViauaiog x$ ovo $ 
 
 When they would represent 
 the universe, they delineate a 
 serpent bespeckled with va- 
 riegated scales, devouring its 
 own tail ; by the scales in- 
 timating the stars in the uni- 
 verse. The animal is also ex- 
 tremely heavy, as is the earth, 
 and extremely slippery, like 
 the water : moreover, it every 
 year puts off its old age with 
 its skin, as in the universe the 
 annual period effects a corres- 
 
 i. ii. in. The three species of serpents found upon the 
 monuments. 
 
 The figures of the god Atmou sometimes exhibit instances of a 
 serpent with its tail in its mouth. See PI. I. fig. 1. Perhaps the 
 nearest known approximation to the text is the serpent running- 
 round the lid of the sarcophagus of Harnesses III. at Cambridge, 
 which rests its head upon its tail, and may indicate the Universe. 
 
o HO R APOLLO. 
 
 Eva?&xywwQtovfiEvo$ f vEa- ponding change, and becomes 
 
 £e*. to 3e a$ rqoQy xfio-- renovated. And the making 
 
 Sou ru lavrov aafjuari, use of its own body for food 
 
 <TY\[A(xivEij to 7ravra ocra implies, that all things what- 
 
 eh, rrig §£ict$ TTgovolccs iv soever, that are generated by 
 
 ru Koo-fAcp yEwaTOLi f TauTa divine providence in the world, 
 
 TraXivuai tjjv (jLEiootnv e!$ undergo a corruption* into it 
 
 aurov* Xa.(A@av£iv. again. 
 
 III. HOW A YEAR. 
 
 ft 
 
 'EviayTov o*e @ou\6/j.evoi 
 $vi?w<rotifIcriv,T0UTE<rri yu- 
 
 liag hiauTov. 
 
 ' When they would repre- 
 : sent a year, they delineate 
 
 I. A year. 
 
 II. Isis SoTHis,yVo/n the ceiling of the Ramesseion. 
 m= The palm branch, on which Thoth measures time. 
 
 * De Pauw proposes tic avrb, or eig avrd, which Leemans 
 adopts. But it simply refers to the ancient doctrine of Generation 
 and Corruption. See Arist. de Gen. et Cor. 
 
vaiKa ^ay^a<poucriv. tu oe 
 auTUy fia) tyiv Seov cry/tai- 
 vouaiv. "Icrig de Trap avToig 
 
 EtTTlV (XiTTYip, AlyUTTTKTTi 
 
 KaXoi/fAEVog ZcoSig, 'ExXyv- 
 icrri oe 'AtTTpottucov* og na\ 
 
 OOKeH @a0~l\EUElV TatVXQlTTM 
 (XCTTSgCOV' OTE fJLEV /A£l£cOV, 
 
 ote oe ricrcrwvtxvaTEXXcov'kcxi 
 
 OTE /UEVXa/ATTgOTEgOg, OTE f 
 Of, OUX, OUTCOg. ETt <$E xa) 
 
 oiOTLuara tyivtoutou tou 
 acrrpou avaioXrw, o-y/XEioi/- 
 jxsda tte^l 7ravruv rcov h 
 
 TOJ EViaUTU IAE"KX0VTW T£- 
 
 Xslcr^ai.l fooTTSg ovu aXo- 
 ycog tov iviaurov, "lew Xe- 
 youaiv. hoi ETsgcog de ivi- 
 auTov ygatpovTEg, (polvuta 
 £uypa<pouo~i, o^ia to $ev- 
 
 dgOV TOUTO (XOVOV TCOV <Z\- 
 
 Xcov Kara tyiv avaT0\r\v 
 Trig o~£\y]vr\gjtAiav @aiv ysv- 
 
 1 Isis, i. e. a woman. By the 
 ' same symbol they also repre- 
 ' sent the goddess. Now Isis 
 ' is with them a star, called 
 1 in Egyptian, Sothis, but in 
 1 Greek Astrocyon, [the Dog- 
 
 * star] ; which seems also to 
 preside over the other stars, in- 
 asmuch as it sometimes rises 
 greater, and at other ti mes less ; 
 sometimes brighter, and at 
 other times not so ; and more- 
 ' over, because according to 
 
 * the rising of this star we 
 ' shew all the events of the 
 ' ensuing year :{ therefore not 
 ' without reason do they call 
 ' the year Isis. When they 
 ' would represent the year 
 1 otherwise, they delineate a 
 
 ' PALM TREE§ [BRANCH], be- 
 
 cause of all others this tree 
 alone at each renovation of the 
 
 * 'Aarpofiviov, Par C. Aid. Merc. Treb. 
 
 t kffSr' ote, Mor. Par A. 13. 
 
 X Regulate the calendar. 
 
 § Qy. A palm branch, Sbarpe, 636. Clemens Alex, describing 
 a procession, states that the Horoscopus carries a tyoiviKa, which 
 evidently must imply a palm branch. See passage of Clemens in 
 the Appendix. 
 
10 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 vav, ag h rcug dufexa moon produces one additional 
 @cu<rtv* hiauTov a7rapTi- branch, so that in twelve 
 £eo$ou . branches the y ear is co m pleted . 
 
 IV. HOW A MONTH. 
 
 
 7\ AW\ A © 
 
 
 A /MA/\^ © 
 
 s~^ ^ n 
 
 >UU II <z> 
 
 A /VWV\ <£& 
 
 
 >4^nii<=> 
 
 /SS^ ^^^ c^55^|| 
 ,JT, 1 ywwv 
 
 ^ II P 
 
 
 y^^y ^^^^ ■»»«■ 
 
 4- mi #£$ 
 
 ^'. Ucog (JLYlVa. 
 
 Mriva 5s ygcupovTsg, ' To represent a month they 
 (2aiv£ayga<poi/o-iv,fi(rE)i.Yi- ' delineate a palm branch, 
 
 VUV ETTECTT^a/XfjCEVnV £1$ TO OY, the MOON INVERTED. 
 
 t. ii. A month. 
 
 in. The twelve months, divided into three seasons : 
 Season of Vegetation. 
 Thoth. Paophi. Hathor. Choiak. 
 
 Season of Harvest. 
 Toby. Mechir. Phamenoth. Pharmuthi. 
 
 Season of Inundation. 
 Pachan, Paoni. Epiphi. Mesori. 
 
 * Aid. Par C. Merc— fideaiv, al. 
 
Marco, potiv /x£V y Trig ttpo- 
 
 ElPY)(JL£VY)g km TOO <P01VIK0$ 
 
 uhiag X<xpw' (reXrivriv $£ 
 
 £7TECTTPafJ.fXEVYIV Eig TO K(X- 
 TCO, E7TE10Y\ (paCTlV, £V T7] OCV- 
 <XTOM TTEVTEHOLuHekCX. (JLOl- 
 
 puv b7ra.^y j ov(TaVy\ TTPog 
 to ocvco ToTg HEPacriv ectxv- 
 
 pLCtTiar^Ui EV $E TYl O.7T0- 
 
 xpovctei, tov ap&fjLov tcov 
 
 TpiOMOVTtX r)/X£PUV 7TXr}- 
 
 paxraaaVy Etg to holtw 
 rolg KEPacn VEUEIV. 
 
 A palm branch for the reason 
 before mentioned respecting 
 the palm tree ; and the moon 
 inverted, because they say, 
 that, in its increase, when it 
 has come to fifteen degrees,* it 
 appears in figure with its horns 
 erect ; and in its decrease, after 
 having completed the number 
 of thirty days,}; it sets with its 
 horns inverted. 
 
 V. HOW THE CURRENT OR CIVIL YEAR. 
 
 £,."f? 
 
 £ . Hag TO EV10-T<X(AEVQV £T0$. 
 
 "Eto£ to kvio-Ta/xEvov ' To represent the current 
 ypa<povTE$y TETapTov aPH- < year, they depict [with the 
 fag ypcc(pouo-iv. ectti 3e ' sign of the year?] the fourth 
 
 i. Year as used in dates that refer to the reigns of kings 
 
 or ages of individuals. 
 ii. Year as an interval of time. — Sh. 634, 635, 
 
 * During the first fifteen days 1 
 
 t Aug. Mor. Par A. Merc. — [xolpai u7rapxov<n, al, 
 
 t During the last fifteen days. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 Iaetdov yr\g r\ aoovpa, ttyi- 
 %wv Eftarov. (Hovho/tEVOt te 
 
 ETOg ElTTElVy TETapTOV A£- 
 
 yovaiv. EW£i(M) <p<x<n Kara 
 ■tyjv* avaroXriv rou aarpou 
 rr\g HcoQEagrf ^%f ?%$ 
 aXhyg dvaroXrjg, TEraorov 
 rj/xspag TrpocrTiSEoSai, cog 
 slvai to ETog too 9eov, tpi- 
 txHocriuv EcZYiKovra ttevte 
 WfAEpojv.X oQev Kixi ha 1E- 
 
 TPaETY]PlOOg 7TEplCTCrY\VY\[A.E- 
 
 pav agiQ/xouaiv Aiyu7nioi % 
 ia yap\ TEcrerapa rsrap- 
 ra YiixEoav aTraori^Ei. 
 
 * Par A. B. om. rr\v. 
 
 1 part of an Arura : now the 
 Arura is a measure of land of 
 an hundred cubits . And when 
 they would express a year 
 they say a quarter [add the 
 quarter?] :1T for they affirm 
 that in the rising of the star 
 Sothis,f the fourth part of a 
 day intervenes between the 
 (completion of the solar year 
 and the) following rising (of 
 the star Sothis), because the 
 year of the God [the solar 
 year] consists of only 365 
 days;| hence in the course of 
 each tetraeterid || the Egyp- 
 tians intercalate an entire day, 
 for the four quarters complete 
 the day. 
 
 % Substitute a square 1 
 
 t i. e. calculating according to Sothic time. 
 
 X Salm. and De Pauw suggest, and Leem has ventured to insert 
 in the text, kclI TtTaprov, i. e. and a quarter, which entirely destroys 
 the passage. Mr. Wilkinson says, " They had two years, one in- 
 tercalated, the other not : the former was calculated from the Heli- 
 acal rising of the Dogstar, to that of the ensuing year, and was 
 hence called the Sothic year : it had also the name of Squared year, 
 from the intercalation ; and when expressed in hieroglyphics a 
 square is placed instead of the globe of the solar year, which last 
 was used in the dates of their tablets, that refer to the reigns of 
 kings or ages of individuals." Mat. Hier. part ii. p. 134. 
 
 § ft. Al. 
 
 || The period of four Julian years. 
 
WHAT THEY SIGNIFY BY DELINEATING A HAWK. 
 
 g. T/ (fahoucriv Ufaxa yga<povT£g. 
 
 0£ov @qu\6/j,evoi <jr\im- When they would signify 
 
 vai, yi u^og, ri TaTreivcoaiv, God, or height, or lowness, 
 
 jj uTTEpoxw? w «'V a ? *J or excellence, or blood, or 
 
 wW, [>j *ApEa, rj 'Ap^o- victory, (or ^4res, or Aphro- 
 
 3iT»jv,]* lEfouca&yfaQoii- dite,) [Hor or Hathor], they 
 
 <n. $eov /aev, 3ia to wo- delineate a hawk. Theysym- 
 
 Xuyovov slvai to ^wov, x«) * bolize by it Goe?, because the 
 
 TroTwxfoviov* en ye fjcriv, bird is prolific and long-lived, 
 
 ewe) Kai done? Ei$co\ov fal- or perhaps rather because it 
 
 ou v7rapx 2iv j Traga Travra seems to be an image of the 
 
 to. TTSTEiva TTpog rag au- sun, being capable of looking 
 
 rou aurTvag 6%uco7tquv' a(p more intently towards his rays 
 
 ou na) ot largo) Trpog t'acriv than all other winged crea- 
 
 6(p9ahfA.cov tJj hpama (So- tures : and hence physicians 
 
 ravri xfuvrai' o§sv %a) for the cure of the eyes use 
 
 tov Yfaiov ug Ku^iov ovra the herb hawkweed : hence 
 
 i. Ra or Phra, the Sun, also Hor. — Sh. 110. 
 
 ii. Hathor. 
 
 hi. This figure is constantly found over the head of the 
 
 Egyptian kings in the representations of their victories, 
 
 as well as upon other occasions. 
 
 * Aid. and Treb. omit. 
 
J4 HORAPOLLOo 
 
 opao-Eug, eo$' ore hpano- also it is, that under the form 
 
 fjtoo <pa» gooypotipoucriv. ufyos ' of a hawk, they sometimes 
 
 5r, ewe) to, ph Erspa ^aa ' depict the sun as lord of vi- 
 
 Eig v\og 7rETE<r§ai wpoai- sion. And they use it to de- 
 
 DoufxEva.j wXaylcog ttepl- note height, because other 
 
 pEgETau,a£waToi>VTaxa- birds, when they would soar 
 
 teuSu x a $ E w m (*° V °S 3« Ur on high, move themselves from 
 
 f>a| eI; v^og koctev^v we- side to side, being incapable 
 
 tetou. ra7TELvcocriv $e, of ascending vertically ; but 
 
 e7teI ra ETEga £<occ f ov the hawk alone soars di- 
 
 Kcna. hccSetov ttpo; tovto rectly upwards. And they use 
 
 %a>f «, mXaylcog $e nara- it as a symbol of lowness, be- 
 
 (pkpETai' Is pat; $e narEu- cause other animals move not 
 
 §u, em to raweivov tp'e- in a vertical line, but descend 
 
 wETai. vTTEgoxw $e % E7TEI- obliquely ; the hawk, however, 
 
 $yi Soke? wavruv rcov tte- stoops directly down upon 
 
 teivw ha(pEPEiv. alpa 5e, any thing beneath it. And 
 
 EWEitivi (pacri* toutq to they use it to denote excel- 
 
 £aov, vtiup (my\ ttiveiv, aKKa lence, because it appears- to 
 
 ouyux. vIxyiv 3e, kwEitiri excel all birds — and for b lood, 
 
 Soke? tovto to fafov, wav because they say that this ani- 
 
 wtavTTETEtvov. E7rEidavyap nial does not drink water, but 
 
 vtto iaxvpoTEpov $uov xa~ blood — and for victory, be- 
 
 Ta&uvao~TEvnTai } to tyivi- cause it shews itself capable of 
 
 navTa EauTov v7TTiao-ag overcoming every winged crea- 
 
 ev to) akpi, u$ Toug (aev ture; for when pressed by some 
 
 ovux,a$ avTov sv tco avco more powerful bird, it directly 
 
 Eo-xv/xaria-Bai, ia 3e turns itself in the air upon its 
 
 + $oKti, Mor. 
 
ttte^oc xa) ra oTriaSia slg 
 
 TtX KCtTCOy TYIV jW«%)1V TOl- 
 
 utixl outu yap to avri- 
 {accxo/aevov aura) £aJov, to 
 aurb TroiYicai aduvaroov, 
 Eig nTTav egx ETCtl * 
 
 SQOK I. 15 
 
 back, and fights with its claws 
 extended upwards, and its 
 wings and back below ; and its 
 opponent, being unable to do 
 the like, is overcome. 
 
 VII. HOW THEY INDICATE THE SOUL. 
 
 "En ye /zvjv xa) avr) ' Moreover, the hawk is put 
 •^ux^ o iepa% racrcrETai, ' for the soul, from the signifi- 
 zx rrig tou ovofxarog Ipiw ' cation of its name ; for among 
 VEiag. xaXshai yag waf ' the Egyptians the hawk is 
 Alyu7nioigblepa%,@a'iY)9. 'called baieth : and this 
 tovto 3e to' ovofxa duzige- name in decomposition signi- 
 fy, -^vxw <TY]fxaivEi xa) fies soul and heart; for the 
 xaftlav. eo-ti yap rb ph word bai is the soul, and 
 
 i. The departing soul, 
 
 ii. The hawk found sitting upon the mummy cases. 
 
 in. The external mummy case. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 jSaif, ^X^' to 5e yi9, nap- 
 oVa. ri o*e natffia, xar Al- 
 yvTTTioug, t^ux^ Tre^iQc- 
 Xog' cogrs crn/xaivsiv ryv 
 eruvQEcriv ToSovo/j,aTog y -^u- 
 XW kyKaftiav. a<p ov xal 
 o i£ga% ha to* TT^og tyiv 
 ■JsVXYiv(ru/j,7ra§Eiv f vfrug ou 
 
 7TIVEI TO Htz9oXOUj aKh 
 
 alfxa, a uou h ^X^ T ^~ 
 (pEiau 
 
 eth the heart ; and the heart, 
 according to the Egyptians, 
 is the shrine of the soul; so 
 that in its composition the 
 name signifies ' soul enshrined 
 in heart.' Whence also the 
 hawk, from its correspondence 
 with the soul, never drinks 
 water, but blood, by which, 
 also, the soul is sustained. 
 
 VIII. HOW ARES AND APHRODITE (HOR AND HATHOR.)f 
 
 y\. Hug "Agsa xai 'AppoXrw. 
 
 "Agea 5e yp oKpovrsg xa) i To denote A res and Aphro- 
 
 A<P(jocMtviv } duo Ugaxag * dite (Hor and Athor), they 
 £coyfaQoii(riv' av rov ag- ' delineate two hawks ; f of 
 
 i. Hor or Hot us. 
 
 ii. Athor, H athor, or Thyhor, the Egyptian Venus. 
 
 * Aug. Par A. B. insert icai. 
 
 t To denote Hor, they delineate a hawk ; and to denote Hathor, a 
 
(TEva, siKa^ovdiv "Ape'i, 
 vrw tie §Yiteiccv, 'AppoSmj. 
 ettei^y) ra fxh aKKot SyXu- 
 koc £ua TTPog TToicnxv /xl%tv 
 
 TU CCV$o\ QU% U7TOCK0UEI, 
 HtxQaTTEO tEg<X%. TDltZKOV- 
 
 TocKig yao Trig y}/xeooc$ @a- 
 craviKoyiEvn, £7Tei$uv ava- 
 XQfYiari* (pcovyQs'io-a v7ro 
 rov aoaEvo$ f ttccXiv vttcc- 
 hovei, $10 kou Traaav %- 
 teiav ru ccvty) tteiQo/xevyjv, 
 AlyvTTTiQi 'A<poo$iTWKoc- 
 hoocri' Trjv $e /xri wsiQofAE- 
 vyjVj ouxourco 7rooo~ayoDEu- 
 oucri. $ia touto kou fala 
 tov Ieoolkol avE^Ecrav 7ra- 
 oairMaiaq yap ru fatco 
 
 TOV TPICCKOVTOI CCp&fJLQV EV 
 TW TrXWiaCTfACp TYIS §Y]\El- 
 
 <z$ d7ro$ld'ooo-iv. 
 
 TLteou; 0*£ TOV "AoEOC 
 
 kou tyiv 'ApoodiTW yga- 
 
 <POVTE$, $1/0 KOPUVa$ £CQ- 
 
 which they assimilate the male 
 to Ares (Hor), and the fe- 
 male to Aphrodite (Hathor), 
 for this reason, quod ex cse- 
 teris animantibus fcemina mari 
 non ad omnem congressum 
 obtemperat, ut in accipitrum 
 genere, in quo etsi tricies 
 in die fcemina a mare com- 
 primatur, ab eo digressa, si 
 inclamata fuerit paret ite- 
 rum. Wherefore the Egyp- 
 tians call every female that is 
 obedient to her husband Aph- 
 rodite (Hathor), but one that 
 is not obedient they do not so 
 denominate. For this reason 
 they have consecrated the 
 hawk to the sun : for, like the 
 sun, it completes the number 
 thirty in its conjunctions with 
 the female. 
 
 When they would denote 
 Ares and Aphrodite (Hor- 
 and Athor) otherwise, they 
 
 hawk within an enclosure, as in the figure, which is read as the 
 abode of Horus. Plutarch states that Athuri signifies Horus's mun- 
 dane house. 
 
 * avax<*>p>fit<-Ga> P ;u ' C. 
 
18 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 yoottpoucriv, m avtya km depict two crows [ravens?] 
 yuvaiKct. ette) touto to as a man and woman; be- 
 &ov, Mo ace yswoi, <x<p cause this bird lays two eggs, 
 £v ccfpsv km Syto ysvvaa-- from which a male and female 
 Sou foT. sTTEiduv tie ysvvn- ought to be produced, and, 
 ay, ottep o-Traviag ymreu, ([except ?] when it produces 
 Mo dpo-Evina, ri Mo §yi*u two males or two females, 
 hu, t« aotrmxa tag V which, however, rarely hap- 
 teias yanwavra, ov p,io- pens,) the males mate with the 
 yErai etepoc, xopuw, oitde females, and hold no inter- 
 mv h Miteia etspo. kopco- course with any other crow, 
 VYi fMExpi Savarov, aXXa neither does the female with 
 fiova t«* awoZuyEina any other crow, till death; but 
 h*TEte7. Ukou fjuaxo- those that are widowed pass 
 their lives in solitude. And 
 hence, when men meet with a 
 single crow, they look upon it 
 as an omen, as having met 
 with a widowed creature ; andf 
 XPi vvv ol "Ex\yive$ h roTg on account of the remarkable 
 concord of these birds, the 
 Greeks to this day in their 
 marriages exclaim, ekkori 
 kori korone, though unac- 
 quainted with its import. 
 
 * Par Reg. om. 
 
 t Treb. omits the concluding sentence from £a><£* 
 
 J Pur A. B. C. Mor. Leem. — icopuvrjv, al. 
 
 poovyi cruvavTYicrocvTEg, oico- 
 viZovtou ol avSpwTfoij ug 
 
 XWPEUOVTl 0-UVYIVTWOTE$ 
 
 £u>a. -fryjg <$e Toiavryg 
 auruv bfxovoiag %txpiv, [m'e- 
 
 yOt/XOig, EHHOPlj xopi P k.opoo- 
 vn\ XEyoucnv ayvoouvrsg. 
 
IX. HOW MARRIAGE. 
 
 TafMov tie ^Y)"houvTE<; y To denote marriage, they 
 
 too xofuvas wahiv {coypa- again depict two crows, on 
 
 QoSq-i, rou A£%$£vtoj %«- account of what has been 
 
 £><v. mentioned. 
 
 X. IJOW AN ONLY BEGOTTEN. 
 
 i. Ylbg fjLQVoy'svug. 
 
 Movoysvss ds (htouvTEs, * To denote an only begot- 
 
 v) y£vE<riv, r) 7r<xTEpa 7 r) ' ten, or generation, or a yb- 
 
 H.0Q-/J.0V, yi avtya, xavbapw ' ther, or the world, or a man, 
 
 £ooyg<z<pou(n. /xovoysvlg * they delineate a scarab&us. 
 
 i. Tfte Scarabtfus signifies the world : it is very commonly 
 found with the circle, emblematic of the sun, in front of 
 
 * Produced by a single parent I 
 
20 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 fxh y on ai/ToyEVEs £<rri to And they symbolise by this 
 £aov, v7ro Qntelag ph kuo- an only begotten, because the 
 
 <pogou(AEVOv. /xovyj yag ys- 
 
 scarabseus is a creature self- 
 
 VE<risavroS,ToiauTviE<rrlv. produced, being unconceived 
 ETTEibav o apcryv QovMrca by a female ; for the propaga- 
 tion of it is unique after this 
 manner: — when the male is 
 desirous of procreating, he 
 takes dung of an ox, and 
 shapes it into a spherical form 
 like the world ; he then rolls it 
 from the hinder parts from east 
 to west, looking himself to- 
 wards the east, that he may 
 impart to it the figure of the 
 world, (for that is borne from 
 east to west, while the course 
 of the stars is from west to 
 east) : then, having dug a hole, 
 the scarabseus deposits this 
 ball in the earth for the space 
 of twenty-eight days, (for in 
 so many days the moon passes 
 through the twelve signs of 
 the zodiac). By thus remain- 
 ing under the moon, the race 
 of scarabsei is endued with 
 
 TraiboTToiYKraoSai, (3oog 
 ap6$EU[Atz Xa£cov, Trxda- 
 ctel o-QaipoEitfegTrafaWhY)- 
 
 CT10V TU KQ(T(A.U <T%>7/Ua* 
 EH TUV 07ncr§lOOV (AEpOOV 
 
 Hu^iaag (X7T0 dvaToXvjg Eig 
 ovaiv, aurog vrpog avaTo- 
 Ky\v @\£7TEi f iva aTToda to 
 too Koo-fxov a%Y][Jt.a. avTog 
 yap cctto too a7ryjXicoTou 
 
 Eig Xl£a (pEpETtXl' O^E TUV 
 do-TEfCOV tyopLOS, <Z7T0 Af- 
 
 Qog Eig aTTYiXicoTW' tccvtw 
 ovv tw crtpouqctv KaToquczag* 
 slg yrjv KaTdTi^ETai ett\ 
 hfXE^ag EiKOcriofCTco, kv b- 
 o~oug koliy) cteMvyi hfAEpaigf 
 toc ocoOExa £coha kvkKeueu 
 b<p hvccTrofAEVQV, £uoyovE7- 
 toci to tuv xavSagoov ykvog. 
 
 TYl EVaTYj $E HOI ElK0O~TV}% 
 
 YlfAEga dvoi^ag tyiv crtpaT- 
 
 * \ibvov, Aid. Merc. Caus. Pier. 
 t t) veXrjvtg ij/itpa, Par-C. 
 | oySoy, Mor. Aug. De Pauw. 
 
gav, ei; uctcog QaXhEi . tolxj- 
 tyiv yag ty\v y/uspav vo/xt- 
 £ei avvooov Eivai osXYiVYig 
 
 Hal YlXlQU) ETl TE KOU y£- 
 VEtTlV HOP/AOU. Y\g <ZVOr/0(AE- 
 
 VY\g kv tu v^a.Tiy £ua i|- 
 
 EpX £rix h TOUTS (TTIV 01 HCCV- 
 
 Sagoi. ysvEaiv ds, $ia tyiv 
 
 TT^OEipYj/JLEVYlV aiTiaV. TTOC- 
 TEpOC (fey OTl EK [XOVOU TTOt- 
 TgO$ TYIV yEVEO-lV E%El 
 
 navdapog. hoo-jj,ov $£j ettei- 
 
 Oy) HOCTfXOEt^YJ 1Y)V ysvEiriv 
 7T01EITOII. avtycC ($£, E7TE&Y) 
 
 §y]\vhqv ykvog auTolg oh 
 yiVETai. eio-\ 3e na) navda- 
 fcov ideal TgsTg. TrpcoTY] jxev, 
 aiXoupo/j.og<po$, na) cchti- 
 
 VCOTYI, YIVTTE^ Ha) Y]XlU O.VE- 
 
 §EO~av d~ia to crvixQoXov. 
 <paai ya% tov appsva al'- 
 
 "KOV^QVy 0-UfA/£ETa€aXhElV 
 
 Tag Hogag TQig tou y\\iov 
 
 tyo/AOig. U7T£HTElV0VTai[jt,£V 
 
 yaq naTa tt^oh Trgog ty)v 
 touSeou avaToMv' o~Tgoy- 
 yv\QEi<$Eig b*E yivovTai naTa 
 to (jt,EO~ov TYJg r)/xE^ag t a- 
 (jt-av^OTE^ai qe (paivovTai, 
 
 $UVEIV (JLET&QVTQgTQU Y\hlQV. 
 
 life; and upon the nine and 
 twentieth day after having 
 opened the ball, it casts it into 
 water, for it is aware that upon 
 that day the conjunction of 
 the moon and sun takes place, 
 as well as the generation of the 
 world. From the ball thus 
 opened in the water, the ani- 
 mals, that is the scarabsei, 
 issue forth. The scarabeeus 
 also symbolizes generation, for 
 the reason before mentioned 
 — and a father, because the 
 scarabseus is engendered by 
 a father only — and the world, 
 because in its generation it is 
 fashioned in the form of the 
 world — and a man, because 
 there is no female race among 
 them. Moreover there are 
 three species of scarabsei, the 
 first like a cat, and irradiated, 
 which species they have con- 
 secrated to the sun from this 
 similarity: for they say that 
 the male cat changes the 
 shape of the pupils of his eyes 
 according to the course of 
 the sun : for in the morning 
 
HOUAPOLLO. 
 
 at the rising of the god, 
 they are dilated, and in the 
 middle of the day become 
 round, and about sunset ap- 
 pear less brilliant : whence, 
 also, the statue of the god in 
 the city of the sun is of the 
 form of a cat. Every scara- 
 bseus also has thirty toes, cor- 
 responding with the thirty 
 days duration of the month, 
 during which the rising sun 
 [moon ?] performs his course. 
 The second species is the two 
 horned and bull formed, which 
 is consecrated to the moon; 
 whence the children of the 
 Egyptians say, that the bull 
 in the heavens is the exalta- 
 tion of this goddess. The third 
 species is the one horned and 
 Ibis formed,§ which they re- 
 gard as consecrated to Hermes 
 [Thoth], in like manner as the 
 bird Ibis. 
 
 * Tuiv Tpiaicovrarifi'epu)v, Par C. Aid. Merc. Caus.Pier. Leem. 
 t to) ovpavoj, Aid. Merc. Caus. Pier. De Pauw. 
 X Cuper. and De Pauw propose i/3i6jU,op0O£, ibis-formed; which 
 is adopted in the translation above, but not inserted in the text. 
 
 0§EV Km TO h 'Hhlov tto- 
 hEi Zoavov rod Seou cclxou- 
 
 p6fX0f>(p0V U7TCCgX £l - *X Bl 
 
 de Trag xavQapog xou $ct%- 
 ruXoug rgiaKovra, ha tyiv 
 TgiaKOVTaritxEgov* rou (jly\- 
 vog, kv ate; h YiXiog ava- 
 reXXcoVf rov hauTou ttoieT- 
 rai ty6{jt,ov. $EUTEga (Je 
 ysvEex, y\ diKEpag ua\ rau- 
 gQEi$Yig f YiTig Hex) tjj Xe- 
 Xrivri xaSiEgouOn, a<p ou xai 
 rov ovcoaviovX TOCOgOV, u^~ 
 co/xa tyjs §eou rauTYig 
 teyovcriv eivou ttoi^es Al- 
 
 yUTTTlCOV. TflTYl 0% Y\ fXQ~ 
 
 vofcspag koc) Ifo6(/.op<po$& 
 
 YIV 'Ef/UJJ $ia<pE(>EtV EVOfM- 
 
 aav' tta&a, Jtexi l@i$ to 
 
 OpVEOV. 
 
XI. WHAT THEY IMPLY BY DEPICTING A VULTURE. 
 
 la . TV yuTra yoa^owEi; (bihovtri. 
 
 MriTEoa 3e yoatpovTEg, 
 
 Yl fihE-^lV, 71 QO10V, 71 7T0Q- 
 
 yvacriv, t) iviauiov, t) ou- 
 oaviav,*' h EteYifAova, 7) 
 'A§Yivav, yi "Hoav, t) doa- 
 XfA&S duo, yuTsa Qayoa- 
 
 <P0U0~1. fAYjTEpa (AEV, OCUIEl- 
 ^VJ appEV £V TOUT® TO) ys- 
 
 V£i rcov £oooov ob% hnssap- 
 %£<. yi dl yEV£o~ig aurav, 
 yiVETai Tooiscp Toiads. 
 orav ooyaiYi tsooc, crvK- 
 Xti^iv 7i yu-]/, tt)v (pucriv 
 lauTYig avoi^acra ^o% 
 ' $0DEaVaVE(A0V, utxq toutou 
 OXEUETai H'ZETt YiyJioac, WEV- 
 
 1 To denote a mother, or 
 vision, or boundary, or 
 foreknowledge, or a year, 
 or heaven, or one that is 
 compassionate, or Athena 
 1 [Neith], or Hera [Sate], or 
 two drachmas, they delineate 
 ' a vulture. They signify by 
 it a mother, because in this 
 race of creatures there is no 
 male. Gignuntur autem hunc 
 in modum. Cum amore conci- 
 piendi vultur exarserit, vulvam 
 ad Boream aperiens, ab eo 
 velut comprimitur per dies 
 quinque, during which time 
 
 Victory. 
 Treb. om. 
 
 in. Lower Egypt. 
 
24 
 
 te* iv oug, ours fipcorou 
 ours 7roTou fj.Erahafj.Qa.- 
 vei, Txo§oi)<Ta,* tEaio^oTzoi- 
 iav. Ear i 3s kou aXXa ys- 
 
 VYI 6gVEUV,f CC, UTxTO CCVEfJQU 
 
 crvXKixfjLQavEi, w ra cod 
 Tnpog @(ia(TLV abro fjovov, 
 ovHEri os txpog gcooyoviav 
 Ecrr) ^y]crijji,oc. yuTsav ds 
 v^wEfJiov woioufiEvav rriv 
 oyjEiav, Y] rav coav ysvscrig 
 ^cooyovEtrai.X fite^iv Js, 
 E7T£iori rav aKKcov %acov 
 a.7ravrav y ot-uw&EcrrEoov 
 b%a y\ yv-^' Iv ixev dvara- 
 Xn rov yiXlou ovrog, vrgog 
 ovcriv fiXE'&oucra, iv o^l/cei 
 oe rov §eou u'mccgxovrog, 
 vrgog avaroMv, If t'xavou 
 foaarYifjarog vjopiCfofASWi 
 rex. Tsgog xpyew duryj(3^u- 
 <r ifj.ee. opiov ds, hori tto- 
 XEfxov fJEXhovrog rEXEiov- 
 oSai, rov roisov bol^si, 
 EV Cp% fJEXkEl o 'ftotefj.og 
 yiVE(r$ou 9 "m^o fifisgav 
 \isra E7T dvrov Traoayi- 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 ou she partakes neither of food 
 nor drink, being intent upon 
 procreation. There are also 
 other kinds of birds which con- 
 ceive by the wind, but their 
 eggs are of use only for food, 
 and not for procreation ; but 
 the eggs of the vultures that 
 are impregnated by the wind 
 possess a vital principle. The 
 vulture is used also as a symbol 
 of vision, because it sees more 
 keenly than all other crea- 
 tures; and by looking to- 
 wards the west when the sun 
 is in the east, and towards the 
 east when the god is in the 
 west, it procures its necessary 
 food from afar. And it signi- 
 fies a boundary [landmark ?] 
 because, when a battle is to 
 be fought, it points out the 
 spot on which it will take 
 place, by betaking itself thi- 
 ther seven days beforehand : — 
 and foreknowledge, both from 
 the circumstance last men- 
 
 Tioiovaa, Aid. Par C. Merc. \ yv7rwv, Aid. Merc. 
 
 Treb. omits from yviriov, — also from iv $, to Trapayivofisv)]. 
 
vofXEVYi. Tvpoyvucriv be y bia 
 
 T£ TO, TZOOElfYlfAEVOt, HOtl 
 
 or i* is pot; roug tsXEtovotg 
 
 O-q>a£0fAEV0V$ HOt) flTTO)- 
 fjLSVOUgf @XE7T£l, TCLfJUEUC- 
 (JLEVY\ TYjV EaUTYig EH TUV 
 TTTCOfMXTCOV TO0<pY)V' TTOtp 
 
 o kou ol apxouoi ^otcriXsTg, 
 KartxaH07Toug E7T£f/,7rov 
 
 CTHETTTOfXEVOl HOtTOt VToToV 
 TOU ^OXE/UOU Oil JUTTEg 
 
 (3xe7T0Uo-i ftEpog, evteoSev 
 
 0~Y\[A£iOV[AEVOl TOVg YITTOfAE- 
 
 vovg. § hiauTOv fos, foa to 
 
 EV TOUTU) TU £&)&) TPIOLKO- 
 
 a~iag e£yikovtoc 7Tsvte r}/j,£- 
 %ag tqu ETQvg foaiPEia- 
 $ai, ev oug b kviauaiog ek- 
 teXeTtoci x?° V0 S- £#«tov 
 yao e'Uoo-iv Yijuspotg eyxvog 
 fjtEVEiy nai rotg iaag Tovg 
 VEoaaoug eht^eQei. roug tie 
 tei7rou<rotig Inotrov eiho- 
 
 <ri,\ TYjV EOtUTYJg ETTlfXE- 
 XEICIV 7TQLE'iTOtly fJYlTE HUQ- 
 
 * tioned, and because it looks 
 
 * towards that army which is 
 
 * about to have the greater 
 ' number killed, and be defeat- 
 ' ed, reckoning on its food from 
 their slain : and on this ac- 
 count the ancient kings were 
 accustomed to send forth ob- 
 servers to ascertain towards 
 which part of the battle the 
 vultures were looking, to be 
 thereby apprized which army 
 was to be overcome. And it 
 symbolizes a year, because the 
 365 days of the year, in which 
 the annual period is com- 
 pleted, are exactly apportion- 
 ed by the habits of this crea- 
 ture ; for it remains pregnant 
 120 days, and during an equal 
 number it brings up its young, 
 and during the remaining 120 
 it gives its attention to itself, 
 neither conceiving nor bring- 
 ing up its young, but pre- 
 
 * 7] rrjg 7rpoeipT]fiavrjg alrlag x^9 lv V ° ri irvKTi^a 
 
 yivo/xtrrj, ?/ iv dypq., Par A. — i\ roig irpotiprjiievoiQ x^P lv 
 
 7Ti 7rvKrida yiyvofievr], i] Iv dypq., Par B. 
 
 t r'jirTOfiivovg, Merc. Aid. § Treb. am. from IvrevOtv. 
 
 | Aid. om. tifcoffi. 
 
 C 5 
 
26 
 
 HORAPOLLO, 
 
 (po^ovtra, (wts rgEtpoucra, 
 7rapa<mEua£oucr<x d's lav- 
 tyiv slg et'eoolv a-uXkn-^iv' 
 Tag oe \omag ttevte too 
 sroug Yj/jbEfaSf ®9 %$yi Wf o- 
 
 E17T0V, Eig TYjV TOU aVEfXOV 
 
 q%eIo<,v Karavahio-KEi. I- 
 'KEY)[jt.ova ds, oTTEg doxsT 
 Trapd tio-iv Evavlloolalov 
 
 vayK<xcr§Yio~av <fe touto 
 ypa-^ai, etteio^y) ev roug 
 ekoctov Eixocri* ri/xsgaig, 
 iv alg t« saurrig ekt^ei 
 
 TEHVa, ETTi TTKeToV OU 7TE- 
 TETOU, TTEp) Sfi TOUg VEOCT- 
 
 croug kcu rr)v toutuv Tpo- 
 <pW acrxoXE'iTaL kv oug 
 
 paring itself for another con- 
 ception ;f and the remaining 
 five days of the year, as I have 
 said before, it devotes to ano- 
 ther impregnation by the wind. 
 It symbolises also a compas- 
 sionate person, which appears 
 to some to be the furthest 
 from its nature, inasmuch as 
 vTrapx^v, stte) touto to it is a creature that preys upon 
 (aov txavTa avaipsT. h- all things ; but they were in- 
 duced to use it as a symbol 
 for this, because in the 120 
 days, during which it brings 
 up its offspring, it flies to no 
 great distance, but is solely 
 engaged about its young and 
 their sustenance ; and if dur- 
 ing this period it should be 
 aTTOfrio-acra rpoptig, h without food to give its young, 
 tzaoao-xwoa ToTg vmloig, it opens its own thigh, and 
 tov lavTYig im(ov avare- suffers its offspring to partake 
 ixovaa, Tra^xei roTg tek- of the blood, that they may 
 voig tou cc'lfxcxTog /xetcc- not perish from want of nourish- 
 XapfiavEiv, cog ph avogn- ment '•— and Athena [Neith], 
 a-avra T^oQyg avouq&n- and Hera [Sate], because 
 
 * Aid. om. eiKOffi. 
 
 t This division appears to intimate the three seasons of the 
 Egyptian year,— four months of Vegetation, four months of Harvest, 
 and four of the Inundation, and the five epagomenas consecrated as J 
 the birthdays of the gods. 
 
27 
 
 vai. 'Afavciv tie kcx\ "H- ' among the Egyptians Athena 
 
 pcxv, £7T£$y\ Soke? map ' [Neith] is regarded as presid- 
 
 AlyuTTTioig, 'AQyva fxb ' ing over the upper hemisphere, 
 
 to cxvco rov ovpcxvou r)/uuo-- ' and Hera [>Sa£e] over the 
 
 (pcxiPiov aTTEihYiQevat* to lower ; whence also they think 
 
 ds Htxrco, "Hpa. o§ev hoc) it absurd to designate the hea- 
 
 <xto7tov hyouvTcxi cxpctevi- ven in the masculine, rov ovpa- 
 
 Hcog dyXouv tov oOpocvqv, vov, but represent it in the fe- 
 
 BriXuKajg [x'ev toi tyiv oh- minine, rrjv ovpavov, inasmuch 
 
 pavov.* Vion xa) y\ ykvE- as the generation of the sun 
 
 aig r\/\lou hoc) GEMvAg kou and moon and the rest of the 
 
 tcjv XQi7ruv ccotepuv, kv stars, is perfected in it, which 
 
 ccutu aTTOTEteTTou, 07TEO is the peculiar property of a 
 
 eo-ti SriXEiag Ipyov. xai female. And the race of vul- 
 
 to tuv yi/7rcov 0% ug tzpo- tures, as I said before, is a 
 
 EiWov, ysvog, Syteicov eo-ti race of females alone, and on 
 
 ysvog /j.6vov.j- ti r)v ahlav this account the Egyptians 
 
 xcu ttccvt) QyXuxu frViu over any female hieroglyph 
 
 ol Alyv'srTioi yuTscc cog place the vulture as a mark of 
 
 pcxolteiov sttitiQecxo-iv, royalty [maternity?]. And 
 
 1 a<p ol hoc) vraocxv §euv, hence, not to prolong my dis- 
 
 hcx fAYi vrsp) luaoTYig ypa- course by mentioning each in- 
 
 <puv, pwuvco tov Xoyov, . . ' dividually, when the Egypti- 
 
 AlyimTioi, [a.yitepcx ' ans would designate any god- 
 
 olv\ Q&ovTEg o-YifjLwai, ' dess who is a mother, they 
 
 yu7rct guypapouo-t' priTyp ' delineate a vulture, for it is 
 
 ycxp eo-ti QnTwKou Zooou. the mother of a female progeny. 
 
 ovpcxvicxv 3e, ov ycxp cxp'eo-- And they denote by it (ovpa- 
 
 * Aid. Treb. Caus. om. from S^Xu/cwg. 
 J De Pauw. sugg. ovaav. 
 
 t (xovmv, Par A. 
 
28 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 H£i aiflois tov oupavov A£- 
 yeiv, xaOoo; TrposiTrov' 
 e7te) Tourcov h yEVE<rig 
 ehsWev sari* tyaxfAas to 
 
 viav) heaven, (for it does not 
 suit them to say tov ohpavbv, 
 as I said before,) because its 
 generation is from thence [by 
 too, hori Trap AlyuTrriotg the wind] :— and two drach- 
 /xovag eo-tiv at too o*pax~ mas > because among the Egyp- 
 fjLat'f povag le, TravTog tians the unit [of money] is 
 d§i$/Mu yEvso-ig. Euboyag the two drachmas,t and the 
 olv too tyaxpas @ou\o- unit is the origin of every num- 
 fj.Evoi fa*u<rai, yoTra y<>d- ber, thereforewhen they would 
 (povo-iv, ette) (a,yitv§ Soke? denote two drachmas, they 
 KaiyEVEo-ig eIvoci, na§*- with good reason depict a vul- 
 ture, inasmuch as like unity it 
 seems to be mother and gene- 
 ration. 
 
 7TEf fCCCl Y\ [Aovag. 
 
 Netpe, as the upper hemisphere, 
 lower, or earth. 
 
 r heaven ; Isi$, as the 
 
 * Treb. om. from ovpaviav. 
 
 t Par A. Treb. Leem. — ypafifiai al. — Leemans observes that the 
 Alexandrine Interpreters of the Old Testament always reckon the 
 money by the didrachma, as in xxx. Ex. 13, for the drachma they 
 use the half of a didrachma, to Y)\ligv tov ^iZoa-^\Lov. 
 
29 
 
 XII. HOW THEY DENOTE HEPIIiESTUS [PHTHAH.] 
 
 <|3'. Tlcog "Hipaio-Tov ypa<poucri. 
 "HQcckttov tie yoa<pov- ' To denote Hephcestus 
 
 ' [Phthah], they delineate a 
 1 scarab^us and a vulture, 
 ' and to denote Athena 
 [Neith],* a vulture and a 
 SCARAB.EUS; for to them the 
 
 rsg, xavSapov xai yvira 
 ZuypaQoucriv* 'ASyvccv 5e, 
 yu7ra. xa\ xavSapov. doxEi 
 yap ai/roTg 6 xocrfxog cruv- 
 
 Ecrravai ex te aptTEVixou 
 xai SnXvxou .+ km 3e Trig world appears to consist both 
 'ASyvasX tjjv yuna ypa- of male and female, (for Athe- 
 (poucriv. ouroi yap [xovoi na [Neith] however they also 
 Seuv Trap auroig, apcrEvo- depict a vulture) and, ac- 
 6*itet$ imapxouo-i. cording to them, these are the 
 
 only Gods who are both male 
 
 and female. || 
 
 i. Neith, Athena, or Minerva. 
 
 ii. Phthah Tore, the deformed pigmy God of Memphis, 
 has a scarabceus on his head, and sometimes stands upon 
 a crocodile. in. Phthah Socari. 
 
 * To denote Phthah, they delineate a scarab^us ; and a vul- 
 ture, to denote Keith? 
 
 t v7rdpxovroQ icdvSapov ypd<bovcnv, Par A. B. 
 
 \ De Pauw suggests the insertion oirov KavOapov, icai E7ri tov 
 'H^aiorou. 
 
 || See c. 10 and 11. 
 
30 I10RAPOLLO. 
 
 XIII. WHAT THEY INTIMATE WHEN THEY 
 DEPICT A STAR. 
 
 ty . Ti a,<TT£%tx yga<povTE<; ^Xodcri. 
 
 ®eqv ds iyxoo-fjuov* <ty\- When they would symbolise 
 
 fxalvovTEt;, Pi slfxa^ixEVY\v f the Mundane God, or fate, or 
 
 t) tov ttevte agiQ/uov, ceo— the number 5, they depict a 
 
 TEgoc ^aygatpoucri. §eqv star. And they use it to de- 
 
 Ijlev, E7rEi^r\ tsoovoio, §eou ', note God, because the provi- 
 
 tyiv vUnv rR^ocnacro-Ei* y dence of God maintains the 
 
 tuv cco-tepcov Ktxi tov tt<xv- order by which the motion of 
 
 to$ Koa-fxou kivyio-i; ekte- the stars and the whole uni- 
 
 tenou. g^ohe'i ya% ai/roTg verse is subjected to his go- 
 
 $/%« hov ) fxY^\vo'Ko)<;crvv~ vernment, for it appears to 
 
 Ecrravai. Ei/xap/j,Evr)v $£, them that without a god no- 
 
 ette\ kou ccvtyi If adT^mq thing whatsoever could en- 
 
 oiHovo/xiug cruvlcnaTou, dure. And they symbolise by 
 
 tov til ttevte ccgi9/A.ov, e- it fate, because even this is 
 
 TTEib^ri 7rXY)8ou$ ovtos ev ov- regulated by the dispositions 
 
 i. A figure denoting Prayer or Glorifying. 
 
 ii. The number 5. 
 
 in. From the architraves of the Eamesseion. 
 
 * Treb. om. kyKoafxiov and rr\v viicnv Trpoardaat y. 
 
BOOK I. 31 
 
 qotvy, ttevte (juovoi If ecu- of the stars : — and also the 
 tcov xivoufiEvot,* rrjv too number 5, because, though 
 Hoa-fxou oIhovo/aiccv ekte- there are multitudes of stars 
 xoua-i. in the heavens, five of them 
 
 only by their motion perfect 
 the natural order of the world. 
 
 WHAT THEY DENOTE WHEN THEY POU11TRAY 
 A CYNOCEPHALUS. 
 
 i£\ Tl KuvoxEtpahov ygatpovTEg $y\\qu<ti. 
 
 HsXyivw Te ygatpovTtg, To denote the moon, or the 
 
 Yi olxoufAEvriv, y) ypa/u,/xa- habitable world, or letters, or 
 
 t«, ri iE()Ea,f yi dgyriv, y] a priest, or anger, or swim- 
 
 KoXufxQov, xuvoKsipaXov ming, they pourtray a cyno- 
 
 Zcoygccpoucri. <teMvy\v ph, cephalus. And they symbo- 
 
 E7r£i$Y}To£ci)ovTouTOj<ru(jt,- ' lise the moon by it, because 
 
 TrccQsiav Tiva w^oc, ty\v the animal has a kind of sym- 
 
 rou Seoo a-vvo^ov ekiy\<to.- pathy with it at its conjunc- 
 
 l. Ioh or Pooh, the Moon, a form of Thoth. 
 ii. A common symbol of Thoth. 
 
 * viKovfievoi, Aid. t Treb. om. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 to. orxv yap b tZ fxs^Ei tion with the god. For at 
 
 Trig ugag* r) creXmn crovo- the exact instant of the con- 
 
 $Eoooaa. njJa apcoTio-Tog junction of the moon with the 
 
 ysvyTtzi, tote b fxkv apo~riv sun, when the moon becomes 
 
 xvvoKs(pixXog oo fixsTTEi, unillumined, then the male 
 
 obds IoS/ei" a-x^Eao-i d£ Cynocephalus neither sees, nor 
 
 Eig Tr)v yyv vEVEVHcog, xa- eats, but is bowed down to the 
 
 8a,7TEg vtevQuv tyiv Trig as- earth with grief, as if lament- 
 
 Xrivyg a^7ruynv. r) $e Sij- ing the ravishment of the 
 
 teia, fxETcc too fxy) bociv, moon : and the female also, 
 
 xai TaoTa. TuapoEVi isacr- in addition to its being unable 
 
 %£jy, eti 51 xoa eh. Trig to see, and being afflicted in 
 
 idiot; (po<T£cog at/xao-crETat. the same manner as the male, 
 
 foo xai i*ex%i too vov kv exgenitalibussanguinememit- 
 
 To7g h^olg T%s<povTai xo- tit : hence even to this day 
 
 voKEtpcCtoi, 07rag if aoTuv cynocephali are brought up in 
 
 yivoo<rwTai to faioo km the temples, in order that from 
 
 o-EXwng (AEgog Trig aovodoo. them maybe ascertained the 
 
 clHoofXEvrw b%, E7TEi$r) !£- exact instant of the conjunc- 
 
 $o/AYixovTa $6o x&Wj Tag tion of the sun and moon. 
 
 a^xalag <paa\ Trig olxoo- And they symbolise by it the 
 
 IMEVYig eIvcu. TooToog 1% habitable world, because they 
 
 TfE<po/j,£voog h Toig hgoTg hold that there are seventy- 
 
 xa) E7riiAE-KEicx,g Toyx&- tw0 primitive countries of the 
 
 vovTag, oo, xa9a7TEg toc world ; and because these ani- 
 
 Xoara £coa b r)/xs^a (xia mals, when brought up in the 
 
 teXeotiXjOotuxou TooToog. temples, and attended with 
 
 freb. om. tv np fjiepsi rrjg wpag. 
 
I aXXa f*£$og aurojv naQ 
 
 . EHaCTTY)V y/ULEfOCV VEKgOU/XE- 
 t VOV* V7T0 TCOV lEgEOOV §a7T- 
 j TEa^Cll, TOO K017T0V CTCO- 
 
 < //.arog h to) Kara <puaiv 
 i ovTog. sag $' av at eG$o- 
 
 < //.wovra na) duo TTMqco- 
 . Qaa-iv r}/A£f>at, tote oXog 
 i aTroQvYicrKEi. y^aixfxara 
 ( $e, eVejSa icrT/ avyy svEia 
 
 < KVVQKEtpaXM AlyilTTTia f 
 
 I ETTia-rafXEVcov ypafjcpara, 
 ( 9ra^' o e/j /efov eVej&zv 
 
 . TTpCOTa X0fM<TSy HUV0HE- 
 
 tpaXog, SeXtov avru na- 
 gaTiSycriv b 'lEgEug, na) 
 (Txoiviov, na) [XEXav' ttei- 
 pa£cov si eh rrig ETricrra- 
 (MEVYig ecxt) cruyyEVEiag 
 y^a/xfjtara, na) eI y$a- 
 [ Qei.X eti $E na) TO ^aov 
 
 E7TI 'E^JJ EV£[AYlQr\ TU 
 7TO.VTC0V f^ETEXOVTL yga/J.- 
 
 //.arav. ts^sa $e, on tyv- 
 GEi o HuvoKEtpaXog txQuv 
 ovh sadist, aXX ouo^e /%$y- 
 
 care, do not die like other 
 creatures at once in the same 
 day, but a portion of them 
 dying daily is buried by the 
 priests, while the rest of the 
 body remains in its natural 
 state, and so on till seventy- 
 two days are completed, by 
 which time it is all dead. They 
 ' also symbolise letters by it ; 
 ' because there is an Egyptian 
 race of cynocephali that is ac- 
 quainted with letters ; where- 
 fore, when a cynocephalus is 
 first brought into a temple, 
 the priest places before him a 
 tablet, and a reed, and ink, to 
 ascertain whether it be of the 
 tribe that is acquainted with 
 letters, and whether it writes. 
 ' The animal is moreover con- 
 1 secrated to Hermes [Thoth],, 
 ' the patron of all letters. And 
 1 they denote by it a priest,\[ 
 because by nature the cynoce- 
 phalus does not eat fish, nor 
 
 * Aid. reads vtaSovfievov. 
 
 t AiyvirrioiQ, Aid. Merc. Par C. Leem. 
 
 % tyypcHpti, Par C. Aid. Merc. Pier. 
 
 Sacred scribe. 
 
** HORAPOLLO. 
 
 co/aevov aprov,* naSaixEp even any food that is fishy, 
 
 na) ol is^Eig [Euros'] • yw- like the priests. And it is born 
 
 varai rETTE^iTETixyijxEvog, circumcised, which circumci- 
 
 m na) ol hfEi$ e7tityi$eu- sion the priests also adopt. 
 
 oven 7r£gtT0/j,r}v.-f dfyw 51, And they denote by it anger, 
 
 etteittep to £uov touto because this animal is both 
 
 Tragara a\xa§u/xiKcora- exceedingly passiondte and 
 
 rov te na) SpyiXov una?- choleric beyond others:— dnd 
 
 %ei. hoXuixQov 1%, o^iori to swimming, becduse other dni- 
 
 fih aKha £ooa Ho^v^Qa nidls by swimming! appear 
 
 Xpco/j,Eva, pvTra^a cpaivE- dirty, but this alone swims to 
 
 rat, [xovov 5e rouro, sis whatever spot it intends to 
 
 ov tottqv TTgoygYiTai wo- redch, dnd is in no respect 
 
 f'svQnvcu, xotofi&a, nara affected with dirt. 
 (AYtOEVTupuTTw itaqatpEpo- 
 
 (A.EVOV.% 
 
 * Aug. Par A. B. C. Leem. — dpyov, al. 
 
 t Treb. om. from en 8 a /ecu. 
 
 $ De Pauw suggests — 'pip Trapa^iperai, \idvov Zt tovto, eig 
 ov tottov 7rpoyprjraL TroptvSijvai, Ko\vp,j3d Kara p,rjdkv Tip 'pip 
 7rapa(pep6p,evov. — are borne down by tbe stream, but this alone 
 swims to the spot it intends to reach without being carried down by 
 the stream. The passage is very obscure. 
 
35 
 
 XV. HOW THEY r DENOTE THE RENOVATION 
 OF THE MOON. 
 
 ie. Hag ygcctpoucri crEMvwg avuToMv. 
 
 l£,sknvY\$ o*e avaro^hv 
 yqatptiv fioux6{AEVOi,7rahiv 
 KuvoHE(paXov £coyga(poucri, 
 <r%Y\yuxi:i toiu$£' so"vmoc 
 itai rag XEi^txc, Eig ouqa- 
 vov E7T<xi^ovTa } (3a.<ritei6v 
 
 T£ E7Ti TYig KE^OLMg £%0V- 
 
 ra. tovto y^atyovai to 
 ax^ixoc km Trig avaToXrig, 
 b HuvoHEcpa'Kog ttoieTtcci, 
 
 COg E17TEIV TTfKHTEUXOfAEVOg 
 
 ry Sew* eke^y) a/xtpoTE- 
 (>oi (pcorog {AETELhYltpaai. 
 
 When they would denote 
 the renovation of the moon, 
 they again pourtray a cyno- 
 cephalus in this posture, 
 standing upright, and raising 
 its hands to heaven, with a 
 diadem upon its head ; and 
 for the renovation they depict 
 this posture, into which the 
 cynocephalus throws itself, as 
 congratulating the goddess, if 
 we may so express it, in that 
 they have both recovered 
 light. 
 
 From the temyle of Edjbu.—Sh. E. I. 46. 6. Vocab. 
 959. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 XVI. HOW THE TWO EQUINOXES. 
 
 it . IIwj icrnuEglag $uo. 
 
 'lovifAEglas 3w»* TraXiv Again, to signify the two 
 
 o-yiiaclivovte$, KuvoHEipaXov Equinoxes they depict a sit- 
 
 xaSnfAEVQV fyypatpouo-i ting cynocephalus, for at the 
 
 £uov. ev raTg oWj yag two equinoxes of the year it 
 
 io-YifAEglaig rou evkxvtqu, makes water twelve times in 
 
 cfco$EKccKis Trig b/AEpag natf the day, once in each hour, 
 
 EKaajw oogav ougsT. ro $e and it does the same also dur- 
 
 avTO kou raTg duo) vuQ. ing the two nights; wherefore 
 
 ttoiei. hoTTEg ovk a.'hoyug not without reason do the 
 
 kv roig utyohoyloig auruv Egyptians sculpture a sitting 
 
 AiyvTTTioi KuvoxspaXov Cynocephalus on their Hydro- 
 
 i. The Cynocephalus upon the N Hornet er, from the ceiling 
 of the Ramesseion, where it occupies the central posi- 
 tion between the last and first months of the year. 
 
 II. A water-clock in the Museum atLeyden. — Leemans. 
 
 * Si, Aid. Merc. Pier. 
 
37 
 
 naOnim-Evov yhvQoutTiv. sk 
 os rou (Aoqiov ouitov * udag 
 smppsov TToioiiaiv' sttsi 
 
 OJCTTS^ TT^OSITTOV, rag TYjg 
 
 icTYifAsglag dcotisKa 01}f*ai- 
 vsi u^ag. ha $s (Mi su^vrs- 
 
 pov to [udcog f] xa- 
 
 Ta.o-HEva,o~fA<x [t«] UTTag- 
 yy\. ol ov to uo^o)^ tig 
 to copoXoyiov a^OH^ivsrai, 
 f/.vj os TraXiv crrsvurs^oVf 
 afxtpoTspuv yap x^' ia - ro 
 /j.ev yag svpvrspovy rax^i 
 EKtpsgovTO uoug, ob% uyicog 
 tvjv ava/j.ST^y]o-iv Trig oofag 
 
 O.'KQTS'hSl' TO Ts CTT£VWT£- 
 
 pov, uar oXiyov kcu (3ga- 
 osaga7roXuov rov K^ouvov y % 
 sag Trig ougag rpix a °^~ 
 gavTsg^ Trfog to raurrig 
 Traxog, crio^^ov Ttaraa- 
 Ksua^ovo-i Trfog Tr\v tt^o- 
 HSijxsvY\v %pe/av. rouro $e 
 
 logia (or waterlocks) ; and 
 they cause the water to run 
 from its member, because, as 
 I said before, the animal thus 
 indicates the twelve hours of 
 the equinox. And lest the 
 contrivance, by which the wa- 
 ter is discharged into the Ho- 
 rologium, should be too wide, 
 or on the other hand too nar- 
 row, (for against both these 
 caution must be taken, for the 
 one that is too wide, by dis- 
 charging the water quickly, 
 does not accurately fulfil the 
 measurement of the hour, nei- 
 ther the one that is too nar- 
 row, since it lets forth the 
 water little by little, and too 
 slowly,) they perforate an aper- 
 ture to the extremity of the 
 member, and according to its 
 thickness insert in it an iron 
 
 * Par A. B. C.—avrq), Haesch. De Pauw. 
 
 t Mor. inserts fiojid in the lacuna — vSu>p fiofxci, rov tcaraOKSv- 
 affjuarog, Aug. Par. A. B. The translation above corresponds 
 with the translation of Treb., and the suggestions of Merc, which 
 are adopted in the text by Leemans. 
 
 $ Treb. om. from to fitv yap. 
 
 $ dicuppavrtq, Aid. Merc. — SidpavTtg, Par C. 
 
38 
 
 H0RAP0LL0. 
 
 auTo7$ cc^ectxei ttoieHv ovx tube adapted to the circum- 
 dvEuXoyou Tivbs 9 u$ km* stances required. And this 
 oude ett) rav aXKm' xai they are pleased to do, not 
 
 ort ev raig icrYifXEpicxig, 
 ftovog tcov alhXm %ucov $co- 
 $£xaxig Trig Vf^E^ag xg<z£si 
 xatf kxacTTW u%av. 
 
 without sufficient reason, more 
 than in other cases. They also 
 use this symbol, because it is 
 the only animal that at the 
 equinoxes utters its cries twelve 
 times in the day, once in each 
 hour. 
 
 XVII. HOW THEY DENOTE INTREPIDITY. 
 
 
 ®u/j.bv (& @ou>.6(ji.evol When they would denote 
 
 dyXacrai, Keovtoc £ooyg<x- intrepidity, they depict a 
 
 tpoucri. HEpaXriv yag e%ei lion, for he has a great head, 
 
 (AEyahviv to £aov xa) rag and fiery eyeballs, and a round 
 
 i. The Lion signifying Lord. — Sh. 770. 
 II. Lions supporting the sun in his resting place; from 
 Thebes about the beginning of tiie \8th dynasty. 
 
 * Al. om. &)(,' — Al. om. icai. 
 
fAEV H0PO.C, 7TUPufetS, TO 
 
 oe 7rgoaco7rov } aTPoyyuXov, 
 
 KUl 7TEPI OtUTO a,KTlVO£l$£lt; 
 
 wpxas, Kara, fjupYHriv 
 yhiou. bSsv Hoa uttq tqv 
 Spovov tou "Qpou, KsovTag 
 uTTOTiSsaat, dsixvuvreg to 
 TTpog TQV Beov tou guou 
 (rv^Qo'Kov. y\hioq tie b "£lpog 
 
 a.7TQ TOO* TUV UP UV HP Ctr 
 
 rsTv.-f 
 
 face, and about it hairs like 
 rays in resemblance of the 
 sun ; and hence it is, that they 
 place lions under the throne 
 of Horus, intimating the con- 
 nexion of the animal with the 
 god. And the sun is called 
 Horus from presiding over the 
 Hours. 
 
 HOW THEY DENOTE STRENGTH. 
 
 tY). Uou$ oOJinv ypa(povaiv. 
 
 'A>xy\v $k ypdpovTESf To denote strength, they 
 
 Xeovrog t« E/j.7rPocr§£v {a- pourtray the foreparts of a 
 
 yponpoucri, 3i« to euqSe- lion, because these are the 
 
 veo-tepcc avTu u7Tccpx^v most powerful members of his 
 
 TauTac to, (xeM tou aco- body. 
 fta-Tog. 
 
 This hieroglyphic signifies '* Powerful ;" and the head 
 by itself " Victrix," as it occurs in Nitocris or Neith 
 victrix. 
 " Aid. Merc. Par. C. om. t Treb. om. from ij\io^. 
 
HO R APOLLO. 
 
 XIX. HOW THEY DENOTE A WATCHFUL PERSON. 
 
 id . Tloig eypnyopora ypa<pov<riv. 
 
 "EygyyogoTa* ^e y§a- To denote a watchful per- 
 
 <Povte$, r) kou cpuKaza,, son, or even a guard, they 
 
 hsovrog y$a(pou<n xE<px- pourtray the head of a lion, 
 
 >,y\v. e7te^yi o Xscov ev ru because the lion, when awake, 
 
 syfviyofEvai /ae/auke roug closes his eyes, but when 
 
 6<p9ahfjLoug f xoifjicofj[,£vogdE, asleep keeps them open, 
 
 avsayorag rovroug exel' which is a sign of watching. 
 
 oVe^ ko-n roil (puXoccrastv Wherefore at the gates of the 
 
 (nj/AEiov. hoTTEp hoc) crv/x- temples they have symbolically 
 
 QoXiKug roTg K\Eifyoig tov appropriated lions as guard- 
 
 lEgav, Xsovrag cog (pvXtxKag ians. 
 7ra^EiXr](pcx,<Ji. 
 
 II. Watchful. 
 
 i. in. Andro- Sphinxes, and Crio-Sphinxes, were almost 
 universally placed in the dromos of a temple. The 
 magnificent lions, presented by Lord Prudhoe to the 
 British Museum, are from Xapata, now Gebel Burkel. 
 
 * rpriyopornra, Mor. 
 
XX. HOW THE TERRIBLE. 
 
 Tw aura xgwvrai ay]f/,Eta) f 
 inEidri ahKifAUTccTov u- 
 7ragx ov TouTo ro &ov y 
 Travrag elg <po$ov rohg 
 
 QfUVTOCS tpEgEl. 
 
 TLcog <po@sp6v. 
 
 To signify the terrible they 
 makeuseof thesAME symbol,* 
 because this animal, being the 
 most powerful, terrifies all 
 who behold it. 
 
 XXI. HOW THE RISING OF THE NILE. 
 
 fl 1 II I Hi 
 1 1 1 I | I t I ^WVWM 
 
 /WWWWA 
 
 Ka. Hug ~NeiXou ava,$a.cnv. 
 Nehou £e avaQacriv an- To signify the rising of the 
 ^alvovreg. ov xaXovaiv A/- Nile, which they call in the 
 
 i. The Inundation. 
 
 ir. Lord of the waters, of the Nile, a title of Kneph. — 
 Sh.78l. 
 
 in. A figure from a tomb at Thebes; the symbols of hea- 
 ven and earth, with drops distilling between them. 
 
 iv. The sign of the months of the inundation — Noun, 
 
 * See Chap. xvm. 
 
TTQTE OE oupavov KOU ynv 
 u$cop ava.Qxu€ l QV(Tav.-\ te- 
 
 ovroc (JLEV, ETTEtctil YjXlOg 
 
 slg T&ovra yEVQfxEvog, Tttei- 
 ova tyiv ava.Qa<riv too 
 NeiXovX TroisTrai'^ ug te 
 
 EfX/XEV0VT0g\\ TOU r\7\lOV TO) 
 ZuMa TOUTMy TO OlfMOlPOV 
 
 too v'eou uoacTog %Xr\[XfxV' 
 
 PEl TIQKhtXmq. 0%EV KOU 
 
 42 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 yvTTTicTT) Noi/v,* ep/xyiveu- Egyptian language Noun, and 
 
 9sv $£ anfjiouvei vsov f ttote which, when interpreted, sig- 
 
 f/,EvhsovT<zypa(poucnj7roT£ nifies New, they sometimes 
 
 ds tpe7$ ytyiag /AsyaXag, pourtray a lion, and some- 
 
 ' times THREE LARGE WATER- 
 
 ' pots, and at other times hea- 
 
 1 VEN AND EARTH GUSHING 
 ' FORTH WITH WATER. And 
 
 they depict a lion, because 
 when the sun is in Leo it aug- 
 ments the rising of the Nile, 
 so that oftentimes while the 
 sun remains in that sign of the 
 zodiac, half of the new water 
 Tatg XohEO^oac,, kcu Tovg [Noun, theentire inundation?] 
 EicrayuyEig tuv Iepuv kpyi- is supplied ; and hence it is, 
 vw, teovTOfjLCPpoug kocteo-- that those who anciently pre- 
 HEvavav ol apxoioi% tuv sided over the sacred works, 
 lEParincov spycov ettlo-toc- have made the spouts [?] and 
 t«j. **«<£>' oukou/xexpivvv passages of the sacred foun- 
 hoct Evxh TTteovxo-pou tains in the form of lions. ff 
 
 * Now/i, Treb. 
 t Treb. om. from vdpiag. 
 $ Par A. B. Mor. substitute Qeov. 
 § Treb. om. the next 25 lines to KaXovcri. 
 || kfi/xiviov, omitting rov rjXiov, Par A. B. Leem. 
 If Aid. Merc. om. and Par C. leaving a lacuna. 
 ** irpoordTai, Par A. B. C. Aid. Merc. 
 
 tt The Lion's head is commonly used as a waterspout in the 
 temples of Egypt. 
 
43 
 
 I uygorvrog* .... Wherefore, even to this day 
 
 Tfta 3e utysfa, Yi ougavov in prayer for an abundant in- 
 
 1 xa\ yrjv udaf Qxu^ovaav, undation And 
 
 • to (xh utysTovf b/jLoiouvrsg they depict three waterpots, 
 xaftia y^cocrcrav ixovcrn' or heaven and earjth gush- 
 
 HOtftlCt fA,£V , ETTEldy 7Taf ING FORTH WITH WATER, be~ 
 
 1 auroTg to hys/jLoviHov sari cause they make a waterpot 
 
 ' rou cco/xarog aum, xaQa- like a heart having a tongue, 
 
 • tte? o NsTxog rrjg Alyuir- — like a heart, because in their 
 
 • rou yys/xcov xa6e<rrms' opinion the heart is the ruling 
 i yXooo-iTYi 3e, on ha vravrog member of the body, as the 
 ! kv uypco hnnx^xouo-av rau- Nile is the ruler of Egypt, and 
 I rr\v, na) yEvsTstfav rou like [a heart with ?] a tongue, 
 ] slvai xaXoucri.l rgia h*s because it is always in a state 
 1 btysia, xa\ ours. TThslova of humidity, and they call it 
 i ours Y\TTova, ettei^y] r\ ryjg the producer of existence. And 
 
 avaQaosug egyaala xar they depict three waterpots, 
 
 i auroug r^i/xs^g u7ragx ei * an d neither more nor less, be- 
 
 \ sv fxlv utte^ rr,g Alyuw- cause according to them there 
 
 1 flag yrjg ra^avrsg' e7Tei$yi is a triple cause of the inun- 
 
 \so-ri naff aurr\v uctarog dation. And they depict one 
 
 lysvYirucYi. srsqov b*E, uTTEp for the Egyptian soil, as being 
 
 \rou uxsavou' na) yag a7ro of itself productive of water ; 
 
 •rourou uftag 7ra%ayivsrai and another for the ocean, for 
 
 sig Al'yu7rTov sv r£ ryjg at the period of the inunda- 
 
 * Mor. supplies /ecu 'i.v ^o'imv ye/xovTeg tov olvov Z,6ns)v Xs- 
 
 ovra, Par A. B. icai 'iv tCov x (J) 9 iU)V ytpovTsg tov olvov 'Cwwv 
 
 XtOVTIOV. 
 
 t Aid. Par C. om. fiev vdpeiov, leaving a lacuna. 
 $ Treb. om, from wq rt tjXfifvovroQ. 
 
HORAPOLLO, 
 
 avahaoscog nai^u. r^irov 
 
 tion, water flows up from it 
 into Egypt ; and the third to 
 
 ylvovrai tiara ra voria symbolise the rains which pre- 
 Tri$ Al§io7rla,g /Aspy, Kara vail in the southern parts of 
 tqv ryg avaQaaEug rou Ethiopia at the time of the 
 NiTxoyxcugov. on $e ysvva rising of the Nile. Now that 
 r] Ai'yv7rrog to udcog, $v- Egypt generates the water, we 
 may deduce from this, that 
 in the rest of the earth the in- 
 undations of the rivers take 
 place in the winter, and are 
 caused by frequent rains ; but 
 
 varov ecrriv evteuQev [xa- 
 9e7v. h yag ito KoiTru 
 HXi/jcari rou h.oo~[aou, at 
 
 TUV TTOTa/xaV TTTtyfAfAUgM 
 
 sv ru x £l l u ^ vl a7roTs7\ouv- 
 
 OfXh^UV TOV TOiOOrOV G~VfA~ 
 
 fiaivovrog' (Mow o*£ r\ Al- 
 
 rai, v7ro roZv (tuvexoov the country of the Egyptians 
 alone, inasmuch as it is situ- 
 ated in the middle of the ha- 
 yuTTTicov yv, hrs) fxscry) bitable world, like that part of 
 Trig ohiov/AEvyg u7ragx E b tne eve > wmcn * s called the 
 k.a9a7rep h ra 6(p9ah/xu pupil, of itself causes the rising 
 r, XEyojAEvn xogn 9 §£%oug of the Nile in summer. 
 ay ei ryv Toii Ne/aov lau- 
 TJ? ava@a<7iv. 
 
XXII. HOW THEY DESIGNATF. EGYPT. 
 
 x0. Hcog AiyuTTTov ypa(pou<nv. 
 
 Aiyvmov $£ ygapov- To designate Egypt* they 
 
 t££, SuiAiarrfyiov kouo[asvov depict a burning censer and 
 
 £ coy %a(p overt, tea) ettocvco a heart above it, implying, 
 
 KctpMav. d-nXovvTEg on cog that as the heart of a jealous 
 
 •h toV £y)Xoti/7tou xccfticc, person is constantly inflamed, 
 
 ha TTccvrog Trugourcu, ou- so Egypt from its heat perpe- 
 
 Tcog h Aiyu7TTog, Ik rig tually vivifies the things which 
 
 S^/aot*jtoj, ha vravTog are in or near it. 
 
 ^cooyovsl t« h auTYi y\ 
 
 %ap ably b r /raoy j ov r ra. 
 
 Of the above nine hieroglyphical groups, i, n, in, upon 
 the left, signify Egypt. 7 he fourth, in the centre, 
 signifies Upper and Lower Egypt ; and is apparently 
 that to ivhich Horapollo alludes, hut is mistaken in his 
 description of it. v, and vi, immediately beneath it, 
 denote King, and King of the Upper and Lower 
 country. And vn, vm, ix, upon the right, signify 
 the Upper and Lower country. 
 
 * Qy. A'iyvTTTos, the Nile ? or Egypt after the inundation ? 
 
HORAPOI.LO. 
 
 XXIII. HOW A MAN THAT HAS NOT TRAVELLED 
 ABROAD. 
 
 wy . Hag avSpQTTQV [xy\ a7ro'$y\(jt.Y)cravTct.* 
 
 "AvfyuTTov tyjs TraTgl- To symbolize a man that 
 
 dog i*y\ a7ro$Y)/AYi(TavTot. <rn- has not travelled out of his 
 
 fialvovTEg, 6vonE(pa7\ov £00- own country, they delineate 
 
 yga(poucrtV iTraSrj oute anoNocEPHALUs [creature with 
 
 <xkouei TivoglrTOf lag, oute an ass's head], because he is 
 
 tuv mi %EVY]g yivoixEvcov neither acquainted with his- 
 
 aloSavETai. tory, nor conversant with fo- 
 reign affairs. 
 
 XXIV. HOW AN AMULET [PROTECTION.]! 
 
 k§'. Tlcog <puXaKTr\pLOv. 
 <$uXctKTYifiQv cfe y$>a- When they would denote an 
 
 QEiv@ouh6fji.Evoi, duo KE(pa- amulet, they pourtray two 
 
 Two heads, one in front and the other in projile, is a 
 common hiiroglyphic signifying Protection, but is not 
 ascertained us an amulet. 
 
 * Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. insert t7jq Trarpicog. 
 
 t Mr. Birch has suggested, that (pv\aKTt]Qiov has been substituted 
 by Hor.ipollo for QvXaica, a Guard or Protector ; which is extremely 
 happy. 
 
"hag av^PcoTTcov £coypa(p- 
 
 OV(Tlj TYW fXEV TOU CCfHTEVOS 
 EtTCO ftkETtOVCTaV, TY]V §£ 
 
 SyiXukyiv 'e%co. ourco yap 
 Qaaiv ovoEV rcov oai/xovtuv 
 
 E<P<X^ETai' E7TEl$Y\ KCU %W- 
 
 figypjifA.jua.rcov, raig duo) 
 XEtpaXaig kauroug <pu\aK- 
 T*ipiaZoutTt. 
 
 human heads, one of a male 
 looking inwards, the other of 
 a female looking outwards, 
 (for they say that no demon 
 will interfere with any person 
 thus guarded) ; for without in- 
 scriptions they protect them- 
 selves with the two heads. 
 
 XXV. HOW THEY DENOTE AN IMPERFECT MAN. 
 
 he. Hag avQpcoTTOv avrXacrTOV ypatpoucrtv. 
 
 *A7TKa<rTovfoav6(><a7rov To denote an imperfect 
 
 ypctfpovTEg, Qarpaxov £a- man, they delineate a frog, 
 
 ypa<poucriv' evTEifrvi y tov- because it is generated from 
 
 tov yEVEdig eh. ryg tov the slime of the river, whence 
 
 . i. A common hieroglyphic, but not ascertained. In the 
 British Museum is an inscription, in which Kneph 
 is called " the king of Frogs." — Birch. 
 n. Kneph. 
 
48 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 7T0Ta/A0V iXvog octtoteXei- 
 toci. o8ev Kai eo$* ore 
 boarou ru ftsv etepu /aepei 
 avrouy fiotrpaxu' T £> ^ 
 Xoittu, ysco^st riv) SfX<pE- 
 pr\g' ag xa) ehKlttqvti ra 
 
 TTOTOtjUa, tTUVEKXElTTElV. 
 
 it occasionally happens that it 
 is seen with one part of a frog, 
 and the remainder formed of 
 slime, so that should the river 
 fall, the animal would be left 
 imperfect. 
 
 HOW AN OPENING. 
 
 
 KT . riwj CCVOl^LV. 
 
 "Avoif iv $e SeXovtes oV When they would denote 
 
 Xuaoti, Xayuov Zuypap- an opening, they delineate a 
 
 ov<n' foa, to ttuvtote tqu$ hare, because this animal al- 
 
 6<p9ot\fAobs avEcoyoTag e- ways has its eyes open. 
 
 X^tv rovro ro £aov. 
 
 Denotes " opening" according to Wilkinson — according 
 to Sharpe it signifies " It is lawful." Qy. " Open or 
 unprohibited." 
 
XXVII. HOW SPEECH. 
 
 /// 
 
 k£' '. Hag to Xsystv. 
 
 To Asyeiv $e yocapovrsg, To denote speech they de- 
 
 yhuo-crav ^ayoaQoucri, hou pict a tongue, and a blood- 
 
 v(pai(Aov o<p8aX/j.6v'* t« shot eye ; because they allot 
 
 fih woarEia rrjg XaXiag, the principal parts of speech 
 
 ry yXcocray fjte^t^ovTsg, ra to the tongue, but the secon- 
 
 fouTspeTa 3e raurng, roTg dary parts thereof to the eyes. 
 
 opQahfAoTg. ouru yao otrs For these kinds of discourses 
 
 Xoyoi TEtelag rrjg ^u%y\g are strictly those of the soul 
 
 xaQEo-Twcco-i 7rpog roc hi- varying in conformity with its 
 
 VYifMctra at/Trig o-ufxfxsrcx- emotions ; more especially as 
 
 €a?&ovrE$ m Ei7rEpxouET£fa they are denominated by the 
 
 Xahia, Trcxp AlyuTTTioig Egyptians as different lan- 
 
 ovofxd^Ercxi'i ETEgcog ds ro guages. And to symbolize 
 
 KsyEtv o~v/AalvovTEg, yhacr- speech differently, they depict 
 
 i. Supposed by Mr. Wilkinson to represent three tongues, 
 
 and to apply to the goddess of speech. 
 II. Champollion considered this as the tongue and hand 
 alluded to : it is often found inscribed at the be- 
 ginning of tablets ; a position not unfrequently occu- 
 pied by an eye. It appears as a title of Hor. 
 * De Pauw. suggests, viral tov 6<p0a\nbv — an eye beneath, 
 t Treb. om. from eiirep- 
 
50 
 
 IIOUAFULLO. 
 
 aav nai %zi$>a vTTOKaTco a tongue and a hand be- 
 
 yga<poucri' ry fxh ykcoao-y neath; allotting the principal 
 
 roc, TTfJUTeTa roii Koyou parts of speech to the tongue 
 
 <psgEiv dsdooKQTEs, ry o£ to perform, and the secondary 
 
 %«f J, ug to. ty\c, yXoocro-Yis parts to the hand as effecting 
 
 (3ouXvi(AaTa avuoutry, ra the wishes of the tongue. 
 
 OBUTEga. 
 
 xxviii. now dumbness. 
 
 kyi. Tlcog oc(paviav. 
 
 *A$wflav 3e ypatpovTEg, To denote dumbness, they 
 
 ccpiQ/xov a^Lf yfapovcriv, depict the number 1 095, which 
 
 v$ TfisTovg so-t) x^qvov is the number of days in the 
 
 a§i6/jiog 9 ek TpiccKocricov e%- space of three years, the year 
 
 wovraTrsvTE ypegSiv rov consisting of 365 days, within 
 
 houg uTrapxovrog' sp ov which time, if a child does not 
 
 Xpovov /j,y) "haMaav to speak, it shews that it has an 
 
 TTcctdlov o-y/xEiouTai ugTrar impediment in its tongue. 
 pa7TE7roh<Tfj.Evov ty} yXoocr- 
 
 071. 
 
 * yk Aid. — qX( Par A. 13. and Caus. 
 
XXIX. HOW A VOICE FROM A DISTANCE. 
 
 x(f. Hug (pavYiv /xaxpo^EV. 
 
 <&wriv $e ftaxpoQev (3ou- When they would symbolise 
 
 Ko/xevol $yi\u<t<zi, o hoc- a voice from a distance , which 
 
 Xsitoci Trap AlyvTTTioig is called by the Egyptians 
 
 OuatE } ak^og tpoovriv yoa- Ouaie, they portray the voice 
 
 (P0V(71 } TOUTECTTl (ZpOVTyv, OF THE AIR, i. e. THUNDER, 
 
 rig ov^ev HaTa(p9syyEi /j.e'i- than which nothing utters a 
 
 £ov, yi duva/juKUTEgov, greater or more powerful voice. 
 
 XXX. HOW ANCIENT DESCENT. 
 
 a'. Tlug apxjxioyovlav . 
 
 'Agxaioyovtav Seypa- To denote ancient descent 
 
 (povrsg, TraTTufou Zvypa- they depict a bundle of pa- 
 
 Qquo-i $£crfAYiv' ha toutqv pyrus, and by this they inti- 
 
 ^nXouvrsg rag Trocorag mate the primeval food ; for 
 
 rqoQag . rpo<pav yao obx. no one can find the beginning 
 
 civ Tig Evooij r\ yovrig, ap- of food or generation. 
 X*v. 
 
 A roll of papyrus. 
 
52 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 XXXI. HOW TASTE. 
 
 Xa. Hug yeocriv. 
 
 Yeuctiv oe oyhouvTEg, 
 agXW o-ro/xarog £uygx- 
 
 <P0V<TIV' E7TE10YI TTlXCra J2V- 
 
 crig usxpi TOLuryg cru^E- 
 roci. yEvaiv oe hsyu te- 
 teitxv. yEuaiv oe (my\ te- 
 "hEiocv oyhouvTEg, yhucrcrav 
 etti otiovruv £coypa<poi>criv, 
 
 ETTElO^Yl TTCCCa yEUCTig T0U- 
 
 roig TEhEnai. 
 
 To denote taste they deli- 
 neate the EXTREMITY OF THE 
 
 gullet, for all taste is pre- 
 served thus far : I am speaking 
 however of perfect taste. But 
 to denote imperfect taste they 
 delineate the tongue upon 
 the teeth, inasmuch as all 
 taste is effected by these. 
 
 xxxii. how delight. 
 
 X0. Hug yi^qvyiv. 
 
 'Htiovnv 3s dyXuG-ai When they would represent 
 $ou-k6(jlevoi fexaH afifaov delight they depict the Num- 
 ypatyovcnv. octto yap rou- ber 16 ;* for from this age men 
 
 * Leemans very happily suggests, from the following passage in 
 Pliny. Nat. Hist. V. 9., that the symbol had some reference to the 
 rising of the Nile : " Justum incrementum est cubitorum sedecim 
 
 in duodecim cubitis famem sentit ; in tredecim etiamnum 
 
 esurit ; quatuordecim cubita hilaritatem adferunt ; quindecim secu- 
 ritatem ; sedecim delicias." 
 
BOOK I. 
 
 53 
 
 rcov twi/ stwv, ct(>xriv rrjc; begin to hold commerce with 
 7rpog yuvaiKag cruvovaiac, women, and to procreate chil- 
 
 HOLl TTpOS TEHVCC yEV£(TECi}g f 
 
 01 av^Es s'xoutn. 
 
 dren. 
 
 XXXIII. HOW SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. 
 
 Ay . Tlag avvovaiav. 
 
 Zuvoucr'iav o*e foi&QUVTS$ f 
 
 ouo oexoce!; <xpiO/j.oug yoa,- 
 <poucrtv. E7TEi$y) yao ra 
 
 $EHaE<; Yldovhv * E17TQ/J.EV 
 
 Etvcci' y\ $e o-uvova-'axy eh. 
 
 $V0 Y\%0VWV aUVECTTYIHEVy EH. 
 T£ TOU OCvfyoSy HOU Tvj$ 
 
 yvvoctHog' hex touto roc 
 cxXXtx hnctE^ Tr^ocryoa.- 
 Ooucri. 
 
 To denote sexual inter- 
 course they depict two Num- 
 bers 16. Cum enim sedecim 
 voluptatem esse diximus ; con- 
 gressus autem, duplici con- 
 stet, maris ac foeminge, volup- 
 tate, propterea alia sedecim 
 adscribunt. 
 
 * Mor. Par. A Pier. Leem. — deicaiZ r)dovu>v, Par. B. — t'skvu IE, 
 doi'oii', Al. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 XXXIV. HOW A SOUL CONTINUING A LONG TIME HERE. 
 
 m. Tlag \f/y%rjv hrai/Oa 7ro7\uv x?° vov ^icx.rpiQou<rav. 
 
 'i'uxhv $E EVTCCuQa. 7T0- 
 
 Aw xp° vov foaTf&oucrav * 
 
 TTXYjfXfjLVpaVj (pOlVlHCX, TO 0£- 
 
 veov £coy(j(x<poucri. -^uxw 
 
 fJLEV, E7TE10Y) 7TCCVTUV TUV 
 EV Tto X0O~/J,M 7T0XuXg0VlU- 
 TCCTOV V7TapX sl TOUTO TO 
 
 £aov. w'hyyuyi.v^a.v 5e, I- 
 
 7TEldri YiXtou ECTTIV Q ([)QIVI% 
 
 ivfx^oXoVf ov /xr^EV Eari 
 7tXelov Kara rev h6o~(jlov. 
 
 When they would denote a 
 soul continuing a long time 
 here,-\ or an inundation, they 
 depict the Phoenix the bird :J 
 and they denote the soul by it, 
 because this is the longest lived 
 of all creatures in the world ; 
 and an inundation, because 
 the Phoenix is a symbol of the 
 sun, than which nothing is 
 greater in the universe. For 
 the sun passes over all and 
 
 The Phoenix, 
 
 * CiuiTpiliaaaVy Par. A. 
 
 t Qy. ' When they would denote the soul, or an expiring cycle of 
 time, or an inundation V Of the two first the Phoenix was certainly 
 a symbol, and possibly of the last, on account of its periodical 
 return. 
 
 % The Phoenix the Bird, to distinguish it from the Phoenix the 
 Palm branch.— See Cli. 7. 
 
7t<xvtuv ya% emGaiv£i 9 xou scrutinises all, hence he is called 
 TTczvTa* stjepEuvoi b yXiog Polys|| (much). 
 
 siff our co TloXugf - — £ 
 dvo(Aotcr§YicrETai . § 
 
 XXXV. HOW A MAN RETURNING HOME AFTER A LONG 
 TIME FROM A FOREIGN LAND. 
 
 Xe. Hug rov xgovicog cxiib ^Evr\g E7ri$wf/.ouvTa. 
 
 Ka) rov xpovlcog (& To denote a man returning 
 
 a.7ro Zsvrig £7rib%/j.ouvrcz home after a long time from 
 
 driXouvTESj TraXiv cpolvutct a foreign land they again de- 
 
 to ogvEov (coyfczcpoucriv. lineate the Phoznix the bird : 
 
 ourog yap Etg A'lyuTrrov, for this creature, after an in- 
 
 ETrav o x^ovog tou (toifi- terval of 580 years, 11 when the 
 
 $tou ocutov HaTaXcx^dvEiv time of death is about to over- 
 
 /j,EXXy, foa, TTEvrajioalcov take him, returns to Egypt, 
 
 etcov TrapaylvETou' xa) and as soon as he pays the 
 
 aTTo^oug eclv cp9xo-Y\ svrog debt of nature in Egypt, he is 
 
 rrig AlyuTTTou ro x? euv, mystically served with funeral 
 
 ky^euetou (xuo-TiKcog' xa) rites ; and whatever rites the 
 
 oaa £7r) ruv axxcov hpuv Egyptians pay to the rest of 
 
 Zcocov AlyuTTTioi teXoucti, the sacred animals, the same 
 
 * Mor. Leem. — 7rdvrag, Al. 
 
 t Haesch. conjectures 7roXv6(p9aXfioQ as an epithet of the sun. 
 Qy. TroXvxpoviog. 
 
 $ Aid. and Par. A. leave no lacuna. 
 
 § Treb. om. from el9\ 
 
 || Phanes? Apollo. 
 
 % See a similar relation in Tacitus Ann. vi. 28. 
 
06 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 raura ksu tw (poivixt are due to the Phoenix : *for 
 
 u7ra.pxziv oQeiXei. XeysTxi it is said by the Egyptians 
 
 yoco /j,oix?,ov rav ahXw to rejoice in the sun more 
 
 <zv§pco7ruv faico %a/^£iv|| than other birds, and because 
 
 bit Aiyu7nicov,-\ $10 kcci among them the Nile over- 
 
 tov Nslxov ai/roTg nXy/A- flows through the heat of this 
 
 fxugsTv, v7ro rrjg Seg/AOTYi- god ; of which matter we dis- 
 
 rog tovtov rod Ssou' TTE^i coursed with you a short time 
 
 QV fMlK^OV E/J.7TgOCT$£V SUICC 
 
 Xoyog a7ro$Q§YiQ~ETail o~oi 
 
 7Tap YlfAUV.^ 
 
 XXXVI. HOW THEY DENOTE THE HEART. 
 
 Ar'. TLcog K/xfilav yptx(p\ 
 
 Kafttav @oux6/jLEVoi 
 ypatpEiv, IQiv Zcoypatpouai. 
 to yap £uov, ^p/xy ukeioo- 
 Tai, 7ra.a-^g naft'iag xa\ 
 
 When they would denote 
 the heart they ' delineate the 
 ' Ibis ; for this animal is con- 
 ' secrated to Hermes [Thoth], 
 
 Ibis, the emblem of Thoth or Hermes. 
 * I have translated this according to Treb. 
 || tjXwg xaipuv, Par. A. 
 
 t Mer. suggests hir AiyvTrrlwv. — Hsesch. tovq Aiyv7rriovg. — 
 De Pauw suggests opveojv for avQpu>7riov, and Treb. reads so. 
 t Mer. De Pauw suggests airtdoOt). 
 <S Treb. om. from 7repi ov. 
 
hoyta-fAOu focrTroTy, ette) the lord of every heart and of 
 
 km* y\ iQi$ ai/To naff reasoning. The Ibis also is 
 
 auTO rri Kaftia ecttIv itself in its own shape like the 
 
 s^p sprig' f tte^i qv hoyog heart, respecting which great 
 
 e<rn TrXeTarog Trocp Al- discussions are maintained by 
 
 yu7TTioi<; (ps^6f/,svog. the Egyptians. 
 
 XXXVII. HOW EDUCATION. 
 
 a£'. ITo^ Troci^slav. 
 
 Ylatideiccv ($£ ypa<povTE$, 
 oupavov tyocrov /3aAAovra 
 £wy(>ct(pou<n m o%?\oovTEg, 
 on uo-TTEg dpocrog kitt- 
 TOf era, si<; TTocvra ra (puroc 
 XM^h k°" r & (am <pv<riv 
 sxovra ciTrahuvEcrQai, a- 
 TTahUVEl, to, o*e cntXyjgct 
 fXEVovToc, ek, Trig lo^iocg q>v- 
 cTEug, a^vvaTEi to acuro 
 rolg sterols ehteXe'iv' outu 
 
 KtXl ETTl TUV avSgOdTTUVy Y) 
 
 fXEV mou^Eta ho ivy) Ka9s- 
 
 (TTWEV, WTTEp [AEV EV<pVY\g f 
 
 To denote education\ they 
 represent the heaven distil- 
 ling dew, intimating that as 
 falling dew alights on all ve- 
 getables, and softens those 
 which have a nature suscep- 
 tible of being softened, but is 
 unable to operate upon those 
 which essentially remain hard 
 in the same way as upon the 
 others ; so also among men 
 education is common to all ; 
 and a man of an apt disposi- 
 tion receives it as dew, while 
 
 * Mor. kireihj. t Mor. afxepyQ. 
 
 t Qy. An Educator or Priest! See Ch. 21, fig. 4. See also 
 fig-. 3 of Neith, who was the Minerva, the Goddess of Education, 
 pouring- out the waters. 
 
58 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 cog fyoo-Qv aqira&i, b $E a man of a disposition less 
 a(purig f aduvaTsi rouro docile is incapable of doing 
 
 dpacrai . so. 
 
 XXXVIII. HOW THE EGYPTIAN LETTERS. 
 
 M . 
 
 AlyuTtTia os ypafx- 
 fxara chiKouvTEg, y) hpo- 
 ypa/>/,(/.czT£cc, h 7T£gag, (/.e- 
 Aav, Kca ttocntivov, kou 
 crxoLViov ZcoypaQovcnv. Al- 
 yvTTTia fXEV ypa/j,>A<ZT<x, 
 $ia to Touroig iravra. Trap 
 AlyvTTTioig ra ypa<po/j,£va 
 EHTE?\Eicr^txi. crxolvu yag 
 ypatpovcri, Kai ovk aKku 
 
 riVl. KQCTKIVOV $£, ETTEIO^y) 
 TO KQtJKlVOV TTpCOTOV VTTap- 
 
 Ylug AiyitTTTia y pap [Mar a. 
 
 ' To denote the Egyptian 
 ' letters, or a sacred scribe, 
 1 or a boundary, they delineate 
 ' ink, and a sieve, and a reed, 
 ' and they thus symbolise the 
 1 Egyptian letters, because 
 * by means of these things all 
 ' writings among the Egyp- 
 ' tians are executed : for they 
 ' write with a reed and nothing 
 ■ else : and they depict a sieve, 
 because the sieve being origin- 
 
 i. Inkstand : the ink and reeds, with one of which Thoth 
 is writing, are placed in the cavities of the inkstand. 
 
 ii. A royal scribe. 
 
 in. Thoth, tlte sacred scribe, is usually in this position, 
 behind Osiris in the judgment of the deud. 
 
59 
 
 %ov crxEvog afTOTTou'ag, eh 
 crxoivou yivsrai' ^Xodcriv 
 ouv on wag b ex cov r W 
 Toocpyv, (xcx%ctetcxi roc. 
 ypa^cxTcx" b cTs /xr] excov, 
 
 ETEpcX TEXW XfVWrW 
 
 cccp ob Hai r\ TTcxihioc Trap 
 auTo'ig o~@a hczXeTtczi' qtced 
 
 ECTTIV ED(AY\VEV§EV, 7T\Y)pY)g 
 
 roocpn. iEgoyciafAftcxTEcz cJe, 
 
 E7TE10Y} {COYIV KCU ScZVCZTOV 
 
 oi/Tog foaxPiVEt. ectti 5fi 
 ttcxdoc ToTg lEPoyocx/Afjux- 
 TEi/cri hoc)* @[£xog h^oc, 
 
 HtXXOVfJLEVY] OLycSfa, (Jl Y\$ 
 
 K^ivoucn tqv hcctczhXiQevtcx 
 
 CXppCOCTTOV' 7T0TEC-0V £cO(Tl- 
 fxog ECTTIV, Yl OU, T0VT0 EH 
 
 rvg HcxrcxHXicrEug tou ap- 
 
 pCOCTTOU CTYlfAElOUfAEVOl. f 
 
 Trsgczg cJe, skei^I (jccxQuv 
 ypcx/x/xcxTcx, Eig b^/xov {corjg 
 
 EUOIQV EM^uQeV, OUHETl 
 
 7TXavcofj(,EVog roTg too @tou 
 
 HCXHolg. 
 
 ally an instrument for making 
 bread is constructed of reed ; 
 and they thereby intimate that 
 every one who has a subsis- 
 tence should learn the letters, 
 but that one who has not 
 should practise some other 
 art. And hence it is that 
 among them education is called 
 sbo,§ which when interpreted 
 signifies sufficient food. Also 
 they symbolize by these a 
 * sacred scribe, because he 
 ' judges of life and death. 
 For there is among the sacred 
 scribes a sacred book called 
 Ambres, by which they decide 
 respecting any one who is 
 lying sick, whether he will live 
 or not, ascertaining it from 
 the recumbent posture of the 
 sick person. And a boundary, 
 because he who has learnt his 
 letters has arrived at a tran- 
 quil harbour of existence, no 
 longer wandering among the 
 evils of this life. 
 
 * Mer. Par C. om. 
 
 X Mor. Par A. &c. insert 6. 
 
 § sbo in Coptic denotes learning. — Champ 
 
 t Treb. om. from tovto. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 XXXIX. HOW A SACRED SCRIBE. 
 
 A#'. Ucog hpoy^a/xfxarsa. 
 
 *L 
 
 goygafifACLT 
 
 set (fe ', 
 
 Ajv, n Trgotpnrwv, y] svra- 
 (picc<jTY\v* yi <T7r\r)va, h 
 ocrtpgricriv, r) ysAwra, r) 
 7rra^/xov, [ri af%*)V, r) h- 
 
 KO-CTTYW f] fiouXOfAEVOL yga- 
 
 (pEiv^ Kuva £uyga<poucriv. 
 ls^oy^(X[X[xa. r v£oc [mev, e7Tei- 
 
 0Y)7T£g TOV @0UX0fAEV0V lE^O- 
 
 ygtz/j./j.a.TE(z teXeiov yi- 
 vEcr§ai, x?* vrobba /xeXe- 
 
 T«V, UXOCKTe'iV T£ <TUVEXU$ 
 
 nai aTTYiy^iaa-Bai, /xyi^evl 
 
 And again when they would 
 denote a sacred scribe, or a 
 prophet, or an embalmer, or 
 the spleen, or smelling, or 
 laughter, or sneezing, [or go- 
 vernment, or a judged they 
 depict a dog. And by this 
 they denote a sacred scribe, 
 because it is necessary for one 
 who is desirous of becoming 
 a perfect sacred scribe to be 
 extremely careful, and to bark 
 perpetually, and to be fierce, 
 
 i. Anubis on a tomb. 11. Anubis as an e 
 
 Treb om. t Treb. om. rj apxvv // Sacaarriv., 
 
BOOK I. 61 
 
 TT^oa-xocgiiofjavov, * uo~- fawning upon no one, like 
 
 ttep ol nuvsg. ttpoQyitw dogs. And they symbolise 
 
 $e, ETrsidri b kucov <xtevl£el by it a prophet, because the 
 
 Traoa, to, aKha roov {eocov dog gazes intently || upon the 
 
 elg ra tuv\ Beuv eiduba, images of the gods more than 
 
 xaQaTrsg TTPotpyiryg. h- all other animals, as does a 
 
 ratpiao-TYiv o*e tuv iepuv, prophet. And an embalmer 
 
 ettel^yi xa) ovrog yvfxva, of the sacred animals, because 
 
 xai avaTET/jLYifAEva BEcopsT he also surveys the naked 
 
 roc bit ctvTou KY^EvofXEva. and dissected forms which are 
 
 Ei^uXa.Xo-7rXnva^E, ettei- preserved by him. And the 
 
 $j tovto to £coov (jLovov spleen, because this animal 
 
 Trccoa tcx ETEpa, EXatpoo- alone of all other creatures 
 
 ted ov £X£i f ei'te OavaTog has this organ very light : and 
 
 aura, ei'te ftavia ttepi- whether death or madness 
 
 ttectoi, cxtto tov aitMvbg seizes him it arises from his 
 
 yivETau. Kcxi ol Sepcxttev- spleen. And those who attend 
 
 ovt£s§ to (eoov tovto kv this animal in his exequies, 
 
 rcxTg xr]hl(xig f ^\ EWEitiav when about themselves to die, 
 
 (jleMcoo-i TE\EuraVy ag ett) generally become splenetic ; 
 
 to TrteTcrTov ctttXyivlho) yi- for smelling the exhalations 
 
 vovrai. 6cr<pp<ziv6{A,Evoi yap from the dog, when dissecting 
 
 Trig too dvaTEfMvofXEvov feu- him, they are affected by them. 
 
 * Mor. Mer. Pier. Causs. Leem. -^agL^Gfiivov. — Par. C. Aid. 
 XaptZonevog. t Par. A. B. Leem. — A.1. insert de . 
 
 X Aug. Haesch. De Pauw. dXXa, though De Pauw suggests 
 ' airXa. 
 
 § Treh. om. from kvTafiaarriv. 
 
 || In the ceiling of the Ramesseion is a figure of Anubis seated, 
 as in fig. i., at each end of the zodiac, gazing at the gods, who re- 
 present the intermediate months. f Mor. icapdiaig. 
 
 
62 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 vog aTroQooat;, Trcto-y^ovo-iv And it denotes smelling, and 
 
 vtto toutou* qctQ(jy\-jiv tie laughter, and sneezing, be- 
 
 tcau ysKura hou wrae/AW, cause the thoroughly splenetic 
 
 ettei$yi ol 7sXsioi o-tckwi- are neither able to smell, nor 
 
 Koij oure 6o~<poaivEo-§cu, laugh, nor sneeze. 
 oure ysAav, ours (Ay\v 
 
 IN WHAT MANNER THEY REPRESENT GOVERNMENT, 
 OR A JUDGE. 
 
 fx ' . Tivi tpottu $Yi>.oiicriv ccoy)\v , *j hxao-TYiv.f 
 ' Aoxw 5e,J yi $ikout- When they denote govern- 
 rr)v^ knav ypa<pua-i,7rooa- ment,% or a judge, they place 
 
 i. The figure, which appears to be some spotted skin upon 
 a pole, is commonly placed beside Osiris or Thoth in 
 the judgment of the dead, in which Anubis or the Dog 
 is also concerned. It may be some coarse garment, 
 but it is evidently the panther skin of the Greek - 
 Dionysus, the counter-part of Osiris. 
 ii. Osiris as judge of the dead ; another form, of Khem. 
 * Treb. om. from oa^paivo/Jievoi. 
 
 t Qy. '2to\i<jti]v, the robe bearer, who was one of the officers 
 of the procession. See the illustration of these chapters from 
 Clemens, in the plate and note at the end. 
 
 I Qy. "Ap-^ovra, An archon or minister of state. § Treb. om. 
 
TiOsacri ru huv) hou (3a<ri- 
 
 >.IKY\V <TT0\YIV TTapCLKtl/XSVYlV 
 
 arxvjbia. yufAVOV* diOTi 
 
 C0(X7TE^ fiUCOVf HCtQuTTEO f 
 
 7rgos77rov, sig t<x rav Sewv 
 uouXa 6^uu7rs7 } outco hou 
 o a,(>x m X foxot<rTYi$ cov h 
 roTg TvaXaiOTEgotg Xpovoig, 
 yvfjLvov eSeco^ei rov (3a- 
 atXea' oio hcc) E7ri rourou 
 7r^oa7TE^i7roioucn ry\v @tx- 
 
 close against the clog a royal 
 roue, the undress garment :* 
 because like the dog, who, 
 as I said before, gazes in- 
 tently on the images of the 
 gods, so likewise the minister, 
 being in the more ancient 
 times a judge also, used to see 
 the king naked, and on this 
 account they add the royal 
 garment. 
 
 XLI. HOW THEY SIGNIFY THE BEARER OF THE SHRINE. 
 
 ■as 
 
 fxtx. Hug (TY)fxaivou(Ti Traarotpopov, 
 UacrTo$6fov ds ayi[Aai- To signify the bearer of the 
 vovrtg, tpuKana olniag £u- shrine,^ they depict the keeper 
 i. Shrine or small portable temple, which was borne 
 like the Jewish ark by staves passed along its sides, 
 as above. — Sh. 361. 
 ii. This figure supporting a shrine is very common. 
 in. A temple ; literally a shrine-house. — Sh, 362. 
 * Very obscure — Treb. reads nudae figurae appositam, placed 
 on a naked figure. — Mer. and De Pauw. suggest axrjp-ari yvp,v<p — 
 Caus. Kal o^pa yvpvov. It seems to have been the hide of some 
 beast worn next the skin by the King, (as Dionysus and Hercules 
 are represented,) and, according to Mr. Wilkinson, by the priests of 
 a certain grade. — See his Ancient Egypt. 
 
 t Aug. Mor. Par. A. B. icaOd. $ Treb. om. 
 
 $ The cell in which the statue was carried in procession. 
 
64 HOR APOLLO. 
 
 y%a<pQuai, ha to utto of a house, because by him 
 rovrou (puXarrEoSai to the temple is guarded. 
 isgQV. 
 
 X'LII. HOW THEY REPRESENT AN HOROSCOPUS 
 [OBSERVER OF THE HOURS.] 
 
 (A0 . Yloog k^alvovaiv u^octkq'xov. 
 \iloocr)io7rov 5e c%r To signify an Horoscopus 
 houvrsg, avfycoTTov rag [observer of the hours], they 
 ugag scrdlovra Zayatpou- delineate a man eating the 
 
 <tiv' oux on rag agag 
 
 hours, not that the man eats 
 
 sctQiei o avOpcovrog, ou yao the hours, for that is impossible, 
 
 duvarov, «M ettei^yi at but because food is prepared 
 
 rgoipa) rolgav9oco7roiga7ro for men according to the 
 
 ruv u^cov 7roo[^ovrai. hours. 
 
 XLIIi. HOW THEY DENOTE PURITY. 
 (jlk . Hug dyXovaiv ayvEiav. 
 'Ayveidv ds yoatpovrEg, To represent purity they 
 7ru(> tea) uduo £uyoa<pov- delineate fire and wateii, 
 
 This figure of a man with the emblem of life against his 
 mouth is found ; and seems to he the figure alluded to. 
 
BOOK I. 65 
 
 <riv' site) ha toutuv tuv because by these elements all 
 <rToixEiuv, nag Ma6ap(jib$ purification is perfected. 
 iKTEteTrai. 
 
 XLIV. HOW THEY INTIMATE A THING UNLAWFUL, 
 
 OR AN ABOMINATION. 
 
 fjt.y. Hag alvirrovrai ccSe/jlitov, y kou [Auaog.* 
 
 'ASe/jutov 3e $n\ouvTE$, To denote a thing unlaiv- 
 
 r\ hoi puo-og,* ix$w £o>- ful, or an abomination, they 
 
 yoatpouai, ha to t^v delineate a fish, because the 
 
 toutqu f fipwcriv /juo-eToSou feeding upon fish is considered 
 
 xau (AEfjuaoSai J h roTg in the sacred rites as abomina- 
 
 tEfois' KEvoTToibv ya% lx$u$ ble, and a pollution : for every 
 
 nag, kou aXXyhoipayov. fish is an animal that is a deso- 
 
 lator [laxative as food?], and 
 
 a devourer of its own species. 
 
 Clemens states that the fish denotes hatred : and, accord- 
 ing to Leemans,it is found in some inscriptions with 
 that signification. 
 
 * Treb. reads, and De Pauw. suggests, jxtaog. 
 t Mor. Par A. B. C Leem. — tovtwv, Al. 
 | fiefxidvOai, Mor. Aug. Par A. B. 
 
66 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 XLV. HOW THEY REPRESENT THE MOUTH. 
 
 h 
 
 Zto/xcc* $e yga(povTE$, To represent the mouth they 
 
 o(piv £a)ypa<poii<riv' £7rEi$ri depict a serpent, because the 
 
 o opig oifhv) ete^u rcov serpent is powerful in no other 
 
 (aeXw icrxuEi, eI (Ay rep of its members except the 
 
 TTOfMctri fxovov. mouth alone. 
 
 HOW MANLINESS COMBINED WITH TEMPERANCE. 
 
 jxt . n«f. avdgETov /jletoc aco(p0O(ruvr}$. 
 'Av^eTov ($e /xetoc <ru- To denote manliness com- 
 
 (p%Q<juvv<<, dyXoiivTEg, ruo- bined with temperance, they 
 i. The commencement of numerous dedicatory inscrip- 
 tions, generally interpreted " Sacred." — Sh. 509, 311. 
 Does it signify things, or a tablet to " set up to, or in 
 honour off 
 II. Khem, one of the principal divinities, the god of gene- 
 ration, his emblem was the bull. 
 hi. Powerful. Compare the translation of the obelisk of 
 Herraapion, Anc. Fr p. 169, with the square banners of the kings. 
 * 'EoTutTCt 1 Things set up to? 
 
gov uyix. (puaiv e%ov7cc 
 ^uygoctpovai. ^e^/mzvtlxu- 
 toctqv yag U7ra,gx £l T0 
 
 %UOV KlXTtX (JLOplOV UCTTE 
 
 CVKC& zlg ty\v SyiXekzv 
 <pucriv KccQsig to lavrou, 
 Ktxi dlxa Trao-yg mvwEug, 
 
 (TTrtp/AoGoKEl' SOW $£ 7T0TE 
 
 oia,[AX,()TY\ Tng (pucrscog, KOI 
 
 Eig ETEgOV T07T0V TOU <7C0~ 
 fXOiTOg TYig @QOS EgElCTVI TO 
 
 odooiov, TOTYiweauTa rr? 
 v7r£g£aXXouo~Yi svTovla * 
 
 TlTpUCTKEl Tr\V SriXEHZV. 
 
 aXhoc K.ai vutp^uv scrr), 
 
 $101 TO lXYi^E7T0TE TOU §Y\- 
 KEOg E7TlQa.ivElV [METCC TY\V 
 
 auKhYl-^iv. 
 
 delineate a bull that has a 
 vigorous constitution. Calidis- 
 simum enim est huic animali 
 membrum, ita ut semel eo in 
 fceminse vulvam immisso, vel 
 absque ullo motu semen effu- 
 tiat. Quod si quando a vulva 
 vaccse aberrans, in alium cor- 
 poris partem membrum inten- 
 derit, turn ejus immodica in- 
 tentione vaccatn vulnerat. 
 Quin et temperans est : quippe 
 cum nunquam post concep- 
 tum, vaccam ineat. 
 
 XLVII. HOW liEAlllNCi. 
 
 jit,' . Ylug CXHOYJV. 
 
 'Akoyiv $e y$a<povTEg, To denote hearing, they 
 
 tocv^qu ut'iov gaygatipou- delineate the ear ofthebull, 
 The bull's ear denotes hearing. — Champ. 
 * Mor. Par A. B. vyiij. 
 f Par A. B. C. Leem. kvrcvia. 
 
68 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 criv. E7TEi$av yap y\ Sriteta 
 o^ycoaa Trgog avXkr\-^iv r\, 
 ogya ^\ ou 7tXelov Pi k<p 
 agag TgeTg, tote /xuxarai 
 (jLEyuTToV ev alg /jlyi ttcc- 
 gayivo/AEvou* rod Tav^ov, 
 au/x^t/Ei rriv (pvcriv, frtxgt 
 Trig ETEpag crvvooov' o oyi 
 
 <T7TCtVlC0g yiVETOCl. aKOVEl 
 
 yap b raijpog awo 7roKhoi) 
 hatrrv/iarog. avvisig rsf 
 ogyav, ha fyo/xou 7raga- 
 yivETai h iri crvvov&ia, 
 tovtq /j.6vov Traga tu 
 
 ETEpa TUV £cOUV 7T01UV. 
 
 for when the cow is desirous 
 of conception, (and she con- 
 tinues so for not longer than 
 three hours together,) she ve- 
 hemently lows, and if during 
 this time the bull should not 
 approach her, she reserves her- 
 self till another meeting. This 
 however rarely happens ; for 
 the bull hears her from a great 
 distance, and knowing that 
 she is inflamed, he hastens to 
 the meeting, and is the only 
 animal that does so. 
 
 XLVIII. HOW THE MEMBER OF A PROLIFIC MAN. 
 
 fjLY] . Hug al^oTov avo^fog 7roKvy6vov. 
 AldoTov 5e avfyog ttc- To denote the member of a 
 hvyovou ^riXouvTEg, rpayov prolific man, they depict a 
 
 The Mendesian goat appears to have been considered by 
 Herodotus as sacred to Khem. The goat as well as 
 the bull was an emblem of Siva. 
 * Par C. Trapaycvofitvov. 
 
 t Par A. B. C. Aid. Mer. Leem.— Aug. Hssch. De Pauw, T 6, 
 but Do Pauw, su^'Pst.s r? to. 
 
69 
 
 "pnuaiVy ouksti ds 
 Tccupov. E7TElOr) ourog fXEV 
 V>sX$ le > °v evixuatog ysvn- 
 rai, ou $iGo,£ei' crptzyog 
 OS EQoofxouog /xetoc rrjv 
 
 ySVECTlV yEVOf/.EVO$ f QXEUEly 
 
 ctyovov /j.sv nat, auTro^ov 
 a,7TOKf>iv6(jt.Evog aw Eg pa, 
 
 QlQcC^El ($£ 0/J.COg 7TgC0T0V 
 
 ruv cchXcov £u)uv. 
 
 ooat, and not a bull : ille 
 enim antequam annum atti- 
 gerit, coire non solet : hie sep- 
 tem statim post ortum diebus 
 congreditur, infoecundum et 
 geniturae minime accommo- 
 dum semen excernens. Prius 
 tamen ac celerius cseteris ani- 
 mantibus coit. 
 
 XLIX. HOW THEY DENOTE IMPURITY. 
 
 ydf . Hag !$Y[hQV(nv axcc9ctgai<zv. 
 
 oaiav $e ypec- To denote impurity, they 
 (povrsg, opvya* £uyga- delineate an oryx * (a species 
 <pouaiv. E7TE^y\ E7r ava- of wild goat), because when 
 
 i. The Oryx is found upon the monuments, but not 
 explained. 
 
 ii. A conical seal frequently appears in the hands of per- 
 sons making oblations. Several with inscriptions on 
 the base, as represented above, are in Dr. Lee's 
 Museum. 
 
 * Mor. Par A. B. Mer. Causs. oprvya, a quail. 
 
70 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 Totojv k^xo^vy\<; t»jj cte- the moon rises, this animal 
 Mvyg, xTEvl&v Elg ir\v looks intently towards the 
 Oeovj Kgauynv Troisirai, goddess and raises an outcry, 
 ovk euXoycov ai/TYiv, ou$e and that, neither to praise nor 
 tfvpripittv' cnD/xeTov $s rou~ welcome her ; and of this the 
 Toy kvaqyEo-Tarov. roTg proof is most evident, for it 
 yap E/ATTpoo-Qioig avrou scrapes up the earth with its 
 o-KEtecriv a,vo$v<T<jwv ?r)v fore legs, and fixes its eyes in 
 yrjv, £ayga<pEi* lauTou the earth, as if indignant and 
 rag no^ag, ao-TTEpe) aya- unwilling to behold the rising 
 vctHTav, xai (ja) QouXofAEvog of the goddess. And it acts in 
 t&Tv rm Trig Seou avaro- the same manner at the rising 
 Mv. ra ¥ aura. ttoieT kou of (the divine star) the sun. 
 iwi too fa'iov Seiou a<r- Wherefore the ancient kings, 
 rgou-f avaroMg. o^oVfp when the Horoscopus apprised 
 ol ap%axoi Qacntelg, too them of the rising of the moon, 
 coqoo-KQTTov aypaivovTog placed themselves near this 
 auToig rr)v avaroxh, etti- animal, and by observing the 
 xaOlcravTEg toutu ra £cdu, middle of its operations, as- 
 sise (jlsctou auToi/ySg tivm certained, as by a kind of 
 yvu/xovcov, Triv Trig avaro- gnomon, the exact time of the 
 Mg ajc^lCEtav kyvcopifa. rising. And hence the priests, 
 ho na) ol hgElg touto [to- of all other cattle, eat this 
 vov ruv xtwcov, acrpga- alone without being previously 
 yi<nov\ EoSioucriv' EKEi^r) marked with the seal, inas- 
 avTih>tiav\\ riva nfog rr)v much as it appears to enter- 
 Seov kxov (paivErai. na\ tain a kind of aversion to the 
 
 * De Pauw. suggests avvTpityf.i. 
 
 t Treb. om. from Qtiov. — Mor. Aid. Mer. dirb. 
 
 % Hsesch. Leem. — 7CTr\vCJv, Al. 
 
 <$ Treb. om, II Par C. Aid. leave a lacuna. 
 
BOOK I. 71 
 
 yap hoctoc tyjv epn/jtlav, ou goddess : and in the desert 
 
 kav KocGyitcu ufyayooyou wherever it finds a watering 
 
 TOTroVy TTiov toT$ %eiXe- place, after having drunk, it 
 
 <riv* avaTaqaurarEi, nou stirs it up with its lips, and 
 
 ixiyvusi tw ubani ty\v mingles the mud with the 
 
 vMv t f toig o% Trotriv ei$ water, and throws dust into it 
 
 at/To £7TL7r£fjt.7rEi koviv, with its feet, that it may be fit 
 
 wpojTOj/ttjfovi 'sTSfu Cwa, for no other animal to drink ; 
 
 tooto ttotl/xov v7roif%M. so malicious and odious has 
 
 outco 7TovY)$a hoc) «w£%$jjj the nature of the Oryx been 
 
 r\ too opvyog ho/iio-Sri considered. Nor does it act 
 
 cpucng. ou$e ya.g oiitfe tqutq thus unmeaningly, because it 
 
 HaQwovl EfyaZeTai, rrig is this same goddess who ger- 
 
 Ssou auryjg 7ravra ywvco- minates and causes all things 
 
 <mq hoc) au£avou<rYig o<ra whatsoever to increase that 
 
 Kara rov Koa^ov icrr) are useful in the world. 
 
 L. HOW A DISAPPEARANCE. 
 
 v. Hag czpa.vio-fji.QV. 
 
 'A<pa.viQ-(Aov Sfi ^r,\ouv- To denote a disappearance, 
 reg, fxov ZooygapovcTiVj they delineate a mouse, be- 
 
 No hieroglyphic of a mouse has yet been found. But 
 Herodotus states, that when Sennacherib app'oached 
 Egypt, the bowstrings of his army were destroyed by 
 mice during the night, in consequence of which, he was 
 defeated by Sethos, king of Egypt, to whom was erected 
 a statue with a mouse in his hand, as an emblem of 
 
 DESTRUCTION. 
 
 * Bochart suggests ^jjXaTc. — Treb. em. 
 
 t De Pauw suggests iXvv, mud, which Treb. reads. 
 
 t Treb. impie. 
 
72 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 E7TEl$YI 7TiXVT0l EaQlCOV, (JUr 
 
 aivEi na) a%()Y\<TT0i. tea 
 abrco ok ain^Eia %otovrai 
 hoc) Hglo-iv §eXovte$ y%a- 
 •^ai. tto AAoSv yao na) o^ia- 
 
 (pQ^UV aOTUV HEl/XEVCOVf b 
 
 (jaj$ rov Hcc9aocoraTOV ab- 
 
 TUV EHXe£o.(J(,£V0$ ECrBtEU 
 010 na) TUV CXOTOHOTTCOV 
 
 Hgicri$ ev roig (jujct) yiVErai. 
 
 cause it pollutes and spoils all 
 things by nibbling them. They 
 also make use of the same 
 symbol when they would de- 
 note discernment, for when 
 many different sorts of bread 
 lie before him, the mouse se- 
 lects the purest from among 
 them and eats it. And hence 
 the selection by the bakers is 
 guided by mice. 
 
 LI. HOW IMPUDENCE. 
 
 va . IIwj ira/jLOTYiTa. 
 
 'IrafAQTYiTa Sf o^y\7\ouv- To denote impudence, they 
 
 te$, f^uTav Zcoygatpoucnv, represent a fly, for this, 
 
 ring* avvExag EnGahXo- though perpetually driven 
 
 /xsvYiy obdh yittov Traoa- away, nevertheless returns. 
 ylvETai . 
 
 HI. HOW THEY REPRESENT KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 v0 . IlcZg yvucriv ^o)y^a(poiiai. 
 
 Tvcoa-Lv ^£ yqa(povTE$, To represent knowledge, 
 
 [Au^fAwa ZwyfacpoLxTLv. o they delineate an ant, for 
 * ore, Al. 
 
yag av ao'tya'Kwg h^ih^yi 
 avQpco7rog, obrog yivoiaun' 
 
 OV fAOVOV $£,* (XKhCt KOil 
 
 brt, Tra^a, to. 'srs^a. ruv 
 £cocov, rig %£j/xwva tto^i^o- 
 fxsvoq lavTco Tpo<p<xg, ov 
 
 dia/AtZgTCCVEl TOO T07TOU, 
 
 aKK <x7TTaicTTo; tig ocurbv 
 7ra^ayiV£Tai. 
 
 whatever a man may carefully 
 conceal, this creature obtains 
 a knowledge of; and not for 
 this reason only, but also be- 
 cause beyond all other animals 
 when it is providing for itself 
 its winter's food, it never de- 
 viates from its home, but ar- 
 rives at it unerringly. 
 
 LI II. HOW THEY REPRESENT A SON. 
 
 vy. Hug 
 
 Tlbv 0*£ ^0V\6fX£V0l 
 
 ypa.-^cci f %>iv«A(ij9rE## £w- 
 yptxtyoucn. tovto yao to 
 
 £0OOV <pi\0T£KVCOTaT0V V- 
 7TCCfX £l ' K ^ V y^P tilOJKYITai 
 
 7T0T£ rig to <ruMw<p§rivcci 
 crov ToTg Twvoig, o, T£ 
 7raTY\% xa) y ftviTYip av- 
 Too-f auQoug£Toog fodoacriv 
 lavToug ToTg xuvviyoig, 
 
 I. The Goose signifies a 
 
 the Sun, the common 
 
 * Par B. leaves a lacuna. 
 
 ulov ^uy^atpovaiv. 
 
 When they would denote a 
 son, they delineate a chena- 
 lopex (a species of goose). 
 For this animal is excessively 
 fond of its offspring, and if 
 ever it is pursued so as to be 
 in danger of being taken with 
 its young, both the father and 
 mother voluntarily give them- 
 selves up to the pursuers, that 
 
 Son ; and with the globe, Son of 
 title of the Pharaoh. 
 
 t dvTiov, Par C. Leem. 
 
HOUAPOLLO. 
 
 'o7rcog roc, tekvo, hacrco9n' their offspring may be saved ; 
 
 57 y]V7T£o cuTtav roTg Al- and for this reason the Egyp- 
 
 yv7rrloig gSbfe osQa^siv tians have thought fit to con- 
 
 ro £aov. secrate this animal. 
 
 LIV. HOW A FOOL. 
 
 1/0 . Hag oivouv. 
 
 UsXEHava $e ygatpov- When they depict a peli- 
 
 tej, avow re rih xou can, they signify both a fool, 
 
 a<pgova o-r)/j.aivouo-LV. I- and an idiot, because although 
 
 tt£i$yi o*uva[AEvog ev ro\g like other winged creatures it 
 
 u^Xorspoig TQTroig Kara- is able to deposit its eggs on 
 
 T&Eo$ai ra iavrou aa, the higher places, it does not, 
 
 ao-TTEf xou t« hoLTra rav but it merely scrapes up the 
 
 TTETEivav, tovto ov Trots? earth and there lays its eggs. 
 
 aXXa, ya$ xm avooufeg And the people observing this, 
 
 yvjv, EXEixaTaT&ETou roc surround the place with dried 
 
 y£vvu/j.Eva. oTrsp kviyvov- cows' dung, to which they 
 
 rsg avfyuTToi, ra tottu apply fire. And when the 
 
 @oog aQofeuftcc Znpov he- pelican sees the smoke, by en- 
 
 firiQsao-iv, a xm ttvo deavouring to extinguish the 
 
 i/TroGaXtouov* Seoura/AE- fire with its wings, she on the 
 
 vog $e b tteXexcxv tov xan- contrary kindles it by their 
 
 vov, rofg idiots TTTE^oTg motion : and thus, her wings 
 
 @ouh6fAEvo$ ccttoo-Geo-m to being burnt by the fire, she 
 
 vrufyEKTW ivavTicov xtxra easily becomes a prey for the 
 
 * Mor. Par A. iTrtfitaWovci. 
 
BOOK J. 15 
 
 tyiv xlvwiv e^utttei auro' fowlers. And because it enters 
 
 v<p ou KaTaKai6(/.£vo$ * into the contest simply for the 
 
 ra loivxov TTTEga, euo-vX- sake of its young, the priests 
 
 TwrToregos roTg xuvnyoig consider it unlawful to eat it. 
 
 ylvETcu. 37 w alriav ovk. But the rest of the Egyptians 
 
 £vofjt,i(r6y Ecr9tEiv toug h^sag eat it, alleging that the pelican 
 
 czutov, etteiI&i a7ra^a7rKuig does not enter into the contest 
 
 u7T£g texvcov ttoieTtcci tqv with discretion, as do the 
 
 ocyuva' AlyuTrricov $e 61 geese, but with folly. 
 Xoi7rof\ EtrQiou<Ti) hsyov- 
 Tsg y on /j,y] Kara vouv ryv 
 y.tx%Y\v, uo-TTEp oi x^vaXu- 
 TTEKEg, aXKtx Kara avoiav\ 
 
 7TEhEKCXV TTOlEnai* 
 
 LV. HOW THEY REPRESENT GRATITUDE. 
 
 ve . Hoog evx^io"tiixv o%Xou<ri, 
 
 Eux^io-riav ygotipov- To represent gra tit tide, they 
 
 TEg f Kouhovipav £coyga- delineate a cucupha, because 
 
 cpovai' diori tovto (jlovov this is the only one of dumb 
 
 tuv aXoyoov £auv etteio^ccv animals, which, after it has 
 
 v7ro rcov yovEcov EKi^a<p^, been brought up by its parents, 
 
 The top of the sceptre placed in the hands of the gods is 
 ornamented with a crested head which appears to be 
 that of some beast, but was evidently considered by Ho- 
 rapollo to be the Hoopoo of Egypt. See Ch. 8. and 
 title page. 
 
 * Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. KciTaKaiop,iva. 
 t Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. 7roXXoi 
 % Par A. B. Mor. Haescli. — ivvoiav, Al. 
 
76 
 
 II0RAP0LL0. 
 
 yygao-ao-iv auroTg tyiv ab- repays their kindness to them 
 
 rriv avrairoftftao-i xapw. when they are old. For it 
 
 kv a ya$ v7r auTuv If £- makes them a nest in the place 
 
 T(>a,<py] toko), vsoacriav where it was brought up by 
 
 auroig 7roiri<7ag } TiXX£L ocu- them, and trims their wings, 
 
 rm rot 7TT£ga, rgopag* and brings them food, till the 
 
 re xogyysT, f*EX$*G °v parents acquire a new plu- 
 
 7TTEfo$w<ravTEs ol yovsTg, mage, and are able to assist 
 
 (3oyi9e7v lavTois duvYiQooo-iv. themselves : whence it is that 
 
 oQevhcu toovSeiwv o-Krm- the Cucupha is honored by 
 
 rgcov KQUKou<p(X7r()oTi(Awi<; being placed as an ornament 
 
 io-Ti. upon the sceptres of the gods. 
 
 LVI. HOW AN UNJUST AND UNGRATEFUL MAN. 
 
 vr . TioJg awiHOV, km ccxaoio-iov. 
 
 "Afrinov tie km «%a^- To symbolize an unjust and 
 
 arov, tTTTTOTTOTafAov ovu- ungrateful man, they depict 
 
 %a; 3vo, Kara @Xe7T0vtm;, two claws of an hippopota- 
 
 ygatpouriv. ovrog ya,^ b mus turned downwards. 
 
 i. ii. Typhonian figures. 
 
 it. Has the body of an hippopotamus. 
 
 * Par C. Aid. rpvfyag. t Par A. B. C. Leem. insert ini. 
 
77 
 
 i YiXiHia. ysvo/xEVog, tteipoI^ei 
 rov war spa f 7Totepov wo- 
 ve Iv/jjEi /j.ax6fjt.EV0$ Traog 
 
 ■ aurov. hou lav /j.ev 6 
 
 , 7T0C.Ty)p EXXufay, T07T0V 
 
 ■ auru (AEpiaag, ovrog 7rpog 
 tyiv lavrou wrspa km- 
 yaixov Wei, hou ha. toutov 
 
 $Y}V' Etcfe fMYl ETTITOE-^EIEV* 
 aUTCO 7TOlY\0-(X<T§Ca TTPOg 
 TYIV [A7ITEPCC yOLfAOV, OiVOUpsT 
 aUTOVj {XVO^PElOTEPOg HOU 
 UKIAOUOTEPOg U7TaPXW. Eig 
 OS TO HCCTCOTOtTOV /XEPOg 
 
 ovvx&<; $vo i7T7ro7roroijuou, 
 
 Q7TC0g 01 tXV§P607T0t TQUTO 
 
 bpcovrsg, hou rov ttep\ au- 
 
 TOU XoyOV ETTiyiVUO-HQVTEg, 
 7rp0§Ufjc6TEP0t Eig EUEPyE- 
 (TICXV U7T(XPXtoO~l. 
 
 For this animal when arrived 
 at its prime of life contends in 
 fight against his father, to try 
 which is the stronger of the 
 two, and should the father give 
 way he assigns him a place of 
 residence, permitting him to 
 live, and consorts himself with 
 his own mother; but if his 
 father should not permit him 
 to hold intercourse with his 
 mother, he kills him, being 
 the stronger and more vigorous 
 of the two. And they make 
 use of the lowest parts of the 
 hippopotamus, the two claws, 
 that men seeing this, and un- 
 derstanding the story of it, 
 may be more inclined to kind- 
 ness. 
 
 'nriTptyu, Aid. Mer. Leem. 
 
78 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 LVII. HOW ONE WHO IS UNGRATEFUL TO HIS 
 BENEFACTORS. 
 
 v£'. Hag axapicrrov Trgog roug eoojtov eusgyETOcg. 
 
 'A%agi<rrov xou paxi- 
 fxov * rotg eauTQV EuspyE- 
 raig o-y/AaivovTEg, tteqi- 
 (TTBpav £uygapouo~iv. b 
 yaq aoow l<rxupoTEgog 
 yEvofAEVog, o^iuxei tqv lav- 
 tou TraTEga <xtto rrjg 
 (AY\r%og f xou ourcog ai/Ty 
 TTpog ytkfjLOv (A,io-yET<xi. xa- 
 6agov 0*E TOUTO to £uov 
 uiroifX eiv doxsr ETTEidr) 
 oucryg Xoi/j.cob^oug xccTa- 
 <rTa<rEag, xou navTog e/x- 
 •]sux ov T£ *«' a-^vx ou 
 vocrcoocog oiari9E/j.Evou ) Tobg 
 EcrQiovrag rovro (xovov, ov 
 fjLETahatfJtfiavEi'f Trig tol- 
 aurrig xaxiccg. foowEf xarf 
 exeTvqv tqv xouoqv, oudh 
 
 ETEgOV TU @a,<Tl\Ei EV TpO- 
 
 (prjg fXEOEi TragaT&ETcu, si 
 * Treb. om. 
 
 To signify a man that is 
 ungrateful and quarrelsome 
 with his benefactors, they de- 
 lineate a dove, for when the 
 male becomes the stronger, he 
 drives his father away from his 
 mother, and mates himself with 
 her. This creature however 
 seems to be pure, because 
 when any pestilential epidemic 
 rages, and every thing, animate 
 and inanimate, sickens with 
 disease, those persons alone 
 who feed upon this bird do 
 not share in so great a cala- 
 mity. Wherefore during such 
 a time nothing is served up to 
 the king as food except the 
 dove alone. And the same 
 food is served up to those who 
 are under a course of purifi- 
 
 t iJiETakaiiflavEtv'*. 
 
fXYI /XOVOV TTEpKTTepa. TO 
 
 o*£ avTQ xai f Totg sv ay- 
 VEiotig oucri, $ia to uTnipE- 
 teTctSixi Totg SsoTg. Ictto- 
 
 fElTM $£, OTl OV %OXy)V 
 £%£< TQUTO TO £COOV. 
 
 lOOK I. 79 
 
 cation, that they may minister 
 to the gods. It is likewise 
 reported that this creature has 
 no gall. 
 
 LVI1I. HOW AN IMPOSSIBILITY. 
 
 vy] . U£g to aduvaTov yEvsoSat. 
 
 'Aouvcltov $e yEVEoScci To signify an impossibility, 
 
 ariftaivovTEg, Tro^ixg avfyw- they represent a man's feet 
 
 ttov kvvbari 7T£gi7raToiiv- walking on the water ; or 
 
 Tag frygatpouaiv *j kcli when they would signify the 
 
 aXXug ^ouXofjLEvoi to olvto same thing differently, they 
 
 o-Yi/ualvEiv, axi$ahov av- delineate a headless man 
 
 SgcoTTov 7rE^i7ra,TovvTa walking. And since these 
 
 £uy$a<pou<riv. Sco^uvcxtoc $e are both impossibilities, they 
 
 afxtpoTE^a. u7ragx ovra ) nave with good reason selected 
 
 EvXoyag Eig tovto ttoc^ei- them for this purpose. 
 M<pao-i. 
 
 Well known hieroglyphics not yet interpreted. Ihe 
 second is from the ceiling of the Ramesseion. 
 
 t Par A. B. C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. om. 
 
HO It APOLLO. 
 
 LIX. HOW A VERY BAD KING. 
 
 v(f. Hug Qacntea. kcckkt-tov. 
 
 BacriXsa $£ xaxurrov* To denote a very had [a 
 
 \_Ka,?0\i<rTov1 KgaTio-rovl] very good ? a very powerful ?] 
 
 dyXouvrEg, o(piv (ay pa- king, they depict a serpent 
 
 <pov<ri Hocr/xosidag Ecr^y- in the form of a circle, whose 
 
 (Aario-fAEvov, ov ttjv ovpav tail they place in his mouth, 
 
 ev tw (tto/juzti woioStri' and they write the name of 
 
 to o*£ ovofxa tov @acriteug the king in the middle of the 
 
 ev [XEcru ru elydyfian coil, intimating that the king 
 
 y(>a<povcriv, alvirro/xEvoi governs the world. The ser- 
 
 y(>a(pEiv f rbv (ZaaiXEa tgu pent's name among the Egyp- 
 
 koct^ov xgaTEW. ro 5e tians is Meisi. 
 bvo/xa rou btpsag Trap Ai- 
 
 yU7TTl0ig ECTTl (AEICTI.* 
 
 I. An oval decorated with the basilisks, containing the 
 
 prenomen of Amunoph III. 
 ii. A plain oval containing the name of Ramesses II. 
 
 ' Amun me Ramses.' The oval is considered to have 
 
 been originallu a serpent coiled. 
 
 * tcapivrov, Aid. — Pier, mentions a reading - kuWmttoi'. — De 
 Pauw. proposes apirrrov. — Merc. KparuTTOv. 
 
BOOK I. 81 
 
 LX. HOW A VIGILANT KING. 
 
 f . Hug (3ao-iXsa Qu^ana. 
 
 'Et££>w£ $e fiaaiXsa (pu- And otherwise to denote a 
 
 "kaua dyXo'uvTEg, tov /j,ev vigilant king, they depict the 
 
 ocpiv kypy\yo^6ra ^uy^a- serpent (upon the watch), 
 
 tpooaiv' ccvt) tie too ovo- and in the place of the king's 
 
 fjLcxrog tov fiacriteag, (pu- name they depict a watcher : 
 
 haxa Zcoypa<pou(nv. ovTog for he is the guardian of the 
 
 yap <pu?\a% far) tou irav- whole world ; and the king 
 
 Tog Koo-fxou. na) \xa<r- ought to be vigilant every- 
 
 tote tov fiao-iXsa. ette- where. 
 ygriyogov Eivai. 
 
 LXI. HOW THEY DESIGNATE A RULER OF THE WORLD. 
 
 @1[^ 
 
 |a'. Hug (jwvuoucri xoa/AOKgaTo^a. 
 Ha^iv <& tov fiao-itea Again when they would 
 
 i. After the king's name has been once or twice given in 
 an inscription, a serpent seems to he sometimes sub- 
 stituted. 
 
 ii. From Belzoni's tomb. 
 
 in. Golden house or palace. — Sh. 380. 
 
 iv. King's house or palace. — Sh. 379. 
 
 v. God's house or temple. — Sh. 371. 
 
»2 HOR APOLLO. 
 
 xocrfAOHgaropa vofxt^ovTsg signify and designate a king 
 
 nai fAYivuovreg, aurov /j,ev who rules the world, they 
 
 o<piv£uygaq>oS(riv £v /jleo-u delineate the same serpent, 
 
 $£ ai/Tou, oihov fjLsyav and in the middle thereof they 
 
 "Szmvvoucriv suhoycog. o yap represent a large house, and 
 
 Qaai'KEiog olnog, 7ra% au- with reason for the royal abode 
 
 tqv - - sv tw Koafm* from him in the 
 
 world. 
 
 LXII. HOW A PEOPLE OBEDIENT TO THEIR KING. 
 
 £0. Hag Xaov 7T£i%viov f3a<rite7. 
 
 Aaov TTgog (3<zctlXecc To denote a people obedient 
 
 ttei%vlov ty\XovvTEg } [me- to their king, they depict a 
 
 Xiaaav £coypa<pou<ri. km bee, for this is the only one 
 
 •yaffMvovTuvaMavZauv, of all creatures which has a 
 
 @ct<ri'hEO(, exeij u to Xqittov king whom the rest of the tribe 
 
 tuv lAEXiao-wETTETaiTrTty- of bees obey, as men serve 
 
 6og, hccQo Hoci ol avfyomoi their king. And they inti- 
 
 vrsfaovTou @cco-iXe7. alvir- mate from the honey's 
 
 rovrai h*s eh. ryjg tov /ae- - -.'- - from the force of the 
 
 Mrogf ex rrjg too creature's sting that 
 
 Champollion interprets this as ' King of an obedient peo- 
 ple;' Sharpe, as ' King of Upper and Lower Egypt.' — 
 Sh. 417. 419. 
 
 * Treb. om. from 6 yap. 
 
 t Aid. Mer. xp^VTornroQ icat in margin. 
 
BOOK r. 83 
 
 Ksvrqou too £coou o^uvcc- - - - - should be both lenient 
 fxecogf - - - x^vtov and firm in - - - - and ad- 
 afxa xa) evtovov thai ministration. 
 
 7TgO$l - HCXl «e/«UO"IV.§ 
 
 LXIII. HOW A KING WHO GOVERNS A PART OF THE 
 WORLD. 
 
 |y'. Ylcog ficcviXEa, fME^oug hqct/xou fc^ccrouvra. 
 
 Bacrihsa, £e ob tou When they would symbolize 
 TravTog hoct/jcou Kgarouv- a king who governs not all 
 ra, fXEpoug $e, fioVhofxEvoi but a part of the world, they 
 
 OTtlfMVOU, VfA,lT0fX0V QtplV depict HALF A SERPENT. For 
 
 Zoyqa<pQuov $y\\qvvte<; by this creature they denote 
 
 rov fxh @a<n\Ea ha too a king, and by half of it, that 
 
 £0000' yi/mto/aov 3e, on ob he is not king over all the 
 
 tou TravTog h.6o-/aou. world. 
 
 LXIV. HOW ONE WHO GOVERNS ALL THINGS.* 
 
 %¥. Tlug 7ravTox.ga,ioga.* 
 
 UavToxpaToga tie eh They symbolize one who 
 Trig too (aou TEXEicocrEag governs all things by the per- 
 
 t Aid. Mer. (5aai\ea in margin. 
 
 X Mer. leaves no lacuna. — Aid. elvai - irpbq. — Par. A. B. 
 
 XptjrrTOV slvai dfia Kal evtovov. 
 
 § Treb. om. from aivixTovrai. 
 
 * See the winged globe and serpent in the frontispiece, which is 
 called Agathodaemon, and is said to signify the spirit that pervades 
 the universe. See also the Egg and Serpent in JL J 1. I. 
 
84 IIORAPOLLO. 
 
 oy}fialvou<ri f ttocXiv tov feet form of the same animal, 
 
 bxoH.M$ov o<piv £coyga- again depicting the entire 
 
 (pouvrsg. outu %ap ai/roTi serpent : for amongst them 
 
 rod Travrog koo-(jlou to it is the spirit that pervades 
 
 tiYiKOv scrr) TrvEUfta. || the universe. 
 
 HOW A FULLER. 
 
 |e'. Hug yvatpsa.* 
 
 Tvotipsa* 5e dyXouvrsg, To denote a fuller, they 
 
 duo Trodag dvfyuTTou h depict the two feet of a man 
 
 udari ^ypafpovau rouro in water, and they depict this 
 
 tie, a,7TQ rvg rou sgyou-f from the resemblance of the 
 
 b/xoioTmog oyXoucri. work. 
 
 LXVI. HOW A MONTH .| 
 
 cir' , Tiug (jLYiva.% 
 
 Mrjvcc Se ypapovTss, To represent a month, they 
 
 o-e^YivYig o-xti/jia, xa&o kcu depict as before explained the 
 
 wpQXEiTcu, £%ov siKoai kou figure of the moon when it has 
 
 ohtu hftepag iayifAEgivag attained the age of eight and 
 
 fiovotf, i% sixoo-iTEa-tragcov twenty days of equal lengths, 
 
 ufuv Trig r]fjLEpa; uTrctp- each day containing twenty- 
 
 || Treb. om. from ovtoj. 
 
 * -ypcKpea., Par B. C. — Qy. Kneph, the spirit pervading the uni- 
 verse, and moving on the water. See Chaps. 25 and 58. 
 t Par A. B. Pier. Leem. — tpfiov, Al. 
 X Treb. om. this chap. — See illustrations of Chap. 4. 
 
BOOK I. 86 
 
 Xoueng ^ay^a<povai 7 ho$ four hours, for during these it 
 
 ag na) (xvocteXKei' iaig di is apparent, and in the re- 
 
 XoiTraTg fruOjk ev $uctei maining two it is in a state of 
 
 scrrL evanescence. 
 
 LXV11. MOW A RAPACIOUS, OR PROLIFIC, OR FURIOUS 
 MAN. 
 
 f^. Hag a^Traycc, 
 
 "AfTraya c^e, r\ ttq^u- 
 yovcv, r) /xaivo/xEvov fiouXo- 
 
 fJLEVOl (TYlfJLvivai, HpOKO^ElXOV 
 
 £coypa<poiicri, $ia to, tto- 
 Xuyovov* HOi) TTOhUTEKVOV 
 U7ragx £ i v Hal {ActivofAEVov. 
 £7rav yag agTraarai r) 
 
 @0UX0fJLEV0g (XTTOTUXy, §u- 
 
 (AuQeig, xa§' aviou /xixive- 
 
 TCCi. 
 
 Yl TTOhvyOVOV, Yl jXaiVO^EVOV. 
 
 When they would symbolize 
 a rapacious, or prolific, or fu- 
 rious man, they delineate a 
 crocodile, because it is pro- 
 lific [?], and fertile in offspring, 
 and furious. For if it fails in 
 its intention of seizing any 
 thing it rages in anger against 
 itself. 
 
 LXVlII HOW SUNRISE. 
 
 |>/. Hug tXVOt.TQ'hYW. 
 
 'AvaroMv <5e teyovTsg, To express sunrise they de - 
 Suo QtpQoihfxoug k^ohqSei'Xqu pict the two eyes of \ cuo- 
 
 § Par A. B. om. 
 
 '* De Pauw suggests 7to\vktovov or ttoXv^ovov. — Leein. iro- 
 XvQavov. 
 
86 
 
 H0RAP0LL0. 
 
 ZayfaQouaiv. ETrsidriTrEg* codile, because of the whole 
 
 Travrog cra/xotTog £aou ol body of the animal its eyes 
 
 otpSa.'hiAo) be roo $v§ou glare conspicuously from the 
 
 xvatpaivovrai. deep. 
 
 LXIX. HOW SUBSET. 
 
 |$'. Hag ducriv. 
 
 Aucriv 5s teyovrEg, k^o- To denote sunset, they re- 
 xoSeiXov KEKupoTcc £coyga- present a crocodile tending 
 (povai. abiQTQKQv\ yag downwards, for this animal 
 Kcxi. HarufpEplg ro &ov. is self productive [?] and in- 
 clining downwards. 
 
 This illustration is from the descent in Belzoni's tomb. 
 The central group is connected with the sun, and the 
 stags' heads appear to be emblems of eternity, or reno- 
 vation. See PL II. and also Book II. Chap. 21. 
 
 * Gesner. Bochart. De Pauw. sug. iirtiZr) wpb. 
 t Gesner. sug. Karo)7rbv. — Causs. avroicvTrTov. — De Pauw. 
 avTotcvtyov, self bending. 
 
LXX. HOW THEY SHADOW FORTH DARKNESS. 
 
 * * 
 
 Hag ama^ovai crnorog. 
 
 Uxorog tie XsyovTEg, 
 xgOKO$EiXou ouqav £coyf<z- 
 <povaiv' £7rei^ri ova aXXag 
 slg a<pavi<T/j.ov nat a,7ru- 
 teiav (pepti b K^OHOO^siXog 
 ou hav XaQviroci £coou, si 
 fxh TV ouga TJ? lavrou $1- 
 ewXwtttras a/rowQvX 7ra- 
 pacrxsuao-ei. Iv tovtu yag 
 ru (AS^El r\ too KgOHodsl- 
 Kou lo"X^g koci av^eia 
 
 To denote darkness, they 
 represent the tail of a cro- 
 codile, for by no other means 
 does the crocodile inflict death 
 and destruction on any animal 
 which it may have caught, 
 than by first striking it with 
 its tail, and rendering it inca- 
 pable of motion : for in this 
 part lies the strength and 
 power of the crocodile. And 
 now, though there are other 
 
 i. The illustration is from Belzoni's tomb. There are 
 properly 12 figures of each side of the crocodile ; re- 
 presenting the hoars of the day and night. 
 
 II. The fig. beneath certainly signifies darkness ; and is 
 supposed to represent the end of a crocodile's tail. 
 
 X arovov, Aid. Mer. Leein. 
 
38 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 uKKw v7ta.%xQYro)v <jr r appropriate symbols deducible 
 
 (AEiav, h ry ruv h^okq- from the nature of the cro- 
 
 3e/awv (puati, aviaqun roc, codile, those which we have 
 
 doiavra. Iv tw TTpeoru mentioned are sufficient for the 
 
 <ruyy(>af/.fAOtTi eItteTv. first Book. 
 
 TiXoQ TOV 7TpU)T0V j5ij3\iov. 
 END OF THE FIRST BOOK. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
QPAflOAAQNOS NEIAQOY 
 IEPOrAY^IKA 
 
 A ESHNErKE MEN AYT02 AUTIITIAI *QNHI, 
 
 METE$PA2E AE *IAIIIII02 EI2 THN 
 
 EAAAAA AIAAEKTON. 
 
THE HIEROGLYPHICS OF 
 HORAPOLLO NILOUS 
 
 WHICH HE PUBLISHED IN THE EGYPTIAN TONGUE, 
 
 AND WHICH PHILIP TRANSLATED INTO 
 
 THE GREEK LANGUAGE. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 BIBAION AEYTEPON. 
 BOOK II. 
 
 Aia tie Trig $EUTEpa$ 
 7Tfay/j.aTEiM; f TTEgi ruv 
 Xoittcov rov Xoyov uyiri crot 
 hstpowTYi<TQf&af a ($E KM 
 i| uKkw avTiygatyav, 
 ovk £%ovTa tivcc k^nyyatv, 
 ccvayKMccg U7rsra,^a. 
 
 In this second part of the 
 work , I shall present you with 
 the complete treatise of the 
 remaining subjects : and some 
 also from other writings, which 
 have no explanation, I have 
 deemed it requisite to subjoin. 
 
 I. WHAT THEY SIGNIFY BY DEPICTING A STAR. 
 
 a. T7 acTTE^a ypaQovTEg chihovcriv. 
 
 'Ao-tyi? 7rcc$' AiyuTr- When a star is depicted by 
 
 rloig ypapo/AEvog, ttoie the Egyptians, it sometimes 
 
 IAEv$Eovf aYifjuxlvsi, noTE symbolizes God, sometimes 
 
 3e feiXyv,X 7TQTE $e vuktu, evening, sometimes night, 
 
 ttote $e xpovov, ttote $e sometimes time, and some- 
 
 ■^vxw ccvBpu7rou ccppEvog. times the soul of a male man. 
 
 i. The Star signifies God. See Book I. c. 13. 
 f Aid. om. + Aid. Mer. Treb. and F. om. 
 
94 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 II. WHAT BY AN EAGLET. 
 
 @ . Tj avrou vEocraov.% 
 
 Kou ocetou vEOtrcrov, ap- An eaglet symbolizes 
 
 fsvoyovov hou fcunXcoYi^ov something prolific of males, 
 
 <jY\f*(xivEi,\\ y) o-TTEffjLot. av- or of a circular form, or the 
 
 $pco7tou. seed of man. 
 
 III. WHAT BY TWO FEET CONJOINED AND ADVANCING. 
 
 y. TV $uo Trodag cruvYiyfxsvou^ xou fisGmoTag. 
 
 Avo TTofog o-uvnyfAEvort Two feet conjoined and 
 
 mou QeGwotes, fyo/Aov h- advancing, symbolize the 
 
 'Xiov tov ev Tcug xEiyiE^'i- course of the sun in the winter 
 
 vaig* T^oTrai; o-yifxalvoucri. solstice. 
 
 in. See Book I. c. 58. 
 
 § Treb. omits this chapter. 
 
 II (rrj/jL Par A. B. — Aid. Mer. leave a lacuna. 
 
 % (Tvvrjyofievovg and (rvv^yofisvoi, Aid. Mer. — ffvvrjfxfxevoi or 
 <svvy\\itvoi, Par. C. — Pier. ment. the reading iroXvirodtg ovvqp- 
 yo/Asvoi. De Pauw. sug. crvveipyfisvoi. 
 
 * Aug. Aid. Mer. Leem. — xeifiepiaig, Al. 
 
IV. WHAT BY THE HEART OF A MAN SUSPENDED 
 BY THE WINDPIPE. 
 
 o. Tj txv8pcu7rou KixpSiav tyotpvyyoc, ypry/AEvriv. 
 'Av§fa,7rou xaedlaQa- The heart of a man sus- 
 
 puyyo; YiPTYifxevYi, ccyo&ou PENDED BY THE windpipe 
 <xvBpco7Tou crroixa o-yi/jlm- signifies the mouth of a good 
 
 HOW THEY DENOTE THE FRONT OF BATTLE. 
 
 (6\ 
 
 k. Yiug TTOhifMOU (TTOfJia.f 
 
 TloKeftouo-TopadYiXooo-LV The hands of a man, one 
 
 avQpuTrov x £ ?? e S Zcoyoa- holding a shield and the 
 
 Qou/jlevcu, y) (jl\v oWhov other a bow, when delineated, 
 
 KPccToo<r<z, yi 3e to|ov. denote the front of battle 
 
 iv. The first signifies Good, and seems to be the hiero- 
 glyphic referred to, but mistaken for the other. It 
 is a musical instrument. 
 
 v. Victorious. Sh. 
 
 f Treb. om. this chap. 
 
96 HO R APOLLO 
 
 VI. WHAT BY A FINGER. 
 T . T* OCCKTVXOV. 
 
 'AvSguTrou aro/xaxov A finger denotes the sto- 
 <hi\oi cfcijiTuhos.l macli of a man. 
 
 VII. QUID PENIS MANU COMPRESSA. 
 
 AlftoTov x* l p l x-^octou- Penis manu compressa de- 
 
 (JL2VQV, <ru(p$ocruvY\v cbihoT notes continence in a man. 
 
 ccvSpcottou. 
 
 VIII. HOW THEY DENOTE DISEASE. 
 
 Y] '. Jlug vocrov (biKoiiaiv.^ 
 
 "AvSyi 3e avepcovrig, The flowers of the ane- 
 
 vocrov av§pu7rou ari/xalvEi. mony denote disease of a 
 
 man. 
 
 % Klap. sug. SaicrvXiog. " A ring." 
 § Par. B. om. this chap. 
 
97 
 
 IX. HOW THE LOINS OF A MAN. 
 
 $'. Hag oaQuv av§ga>7rou. 
 
 ^Ocnpuv, jj crTa<riv\\ av- When we would denote the 
 
 §gh7rou @ouh6(A£voi£aygct- loins or the constitution of a 
 
 <peiv, to vcoriaiov 6<rTouv man we depict the backbone ; 
 
 y%a<po(ji.zv. tivs$ yag Xe- for some hold that the seed 
 
 yovai to a-TTs^a ekeIQev proceeds from thence. 
 QepEo-Qai. 
 
 HOW THEY SYMBOLIZE PERMANENCY AND SAFETY. 
 
 
 Heog hafJLOVYiv kou acr<ptx\Eiav (rv\(JLaivovariv. 
 
 "O^ruyo;^ octteov £co- The bone of a quail when 
 
 yga<poi/fAEvov, 'biaixovrw kocI delineated symbolizes perma- 
 
 ao-tpateiavo-YifAatvEi'hoTi nency and safety; because 
 
 ^uo-ttccQe; £<rri to rou £coou the bone of this animal is dif- 
 
 oVteov. ficult to be affected. 
 
 i. The quail. 
 
 ii. Signifies " Good." Sh. 625. 
 in. Bone with flesh upon it is common 
 " Son." Sh. 1012. 
 
 Probably 
 Haesch. Pier. De Pauw. siig. opvyoc- 
 
98 H0RAP0LL0. 
 
 XI. HOW CONCORD. 
 
 la. Hug bfxovoiav. 
 
 "AvSgUTTOl $U0 $£%10U- TWO MEN JOINING THEIR 
 
 /abvoi,* bfjtovoiav $Yihou<Ti. right hands denote concord, 
 
 XII. HOW A CROWD. 
 
 10. Ha; bx^ov. 
 
 *Avfyco7ro$ KaBuwhur- An armed man shooting 
 
 (jlevo$, na\ toZeuuv, oxfiov with a bow denotes a crowd 
 
 orifiaivEi. f [troop or army ?] 
 
 XIII. HOW ADMEASUREMENT. 
 
 iy . Ha; a.va(M£T^Y\criv. 
 
 'AvfyaTTov SomtuKo;, The finger of a man de- 
 txva/AETpyo-iv (TYifxaiVEi. notes admeasurement. 
 
 xii. This signifies soldiers. — Sh. 988, 910. Perhaps 
 an army. Sh. 
 
 * Cl^lOVflEVOl, Al. 
 
 t dnXoi, Par A. B. Aug. Leem. 
 
9f> 
 
 XIV. HOW A WOMAN PREGNANT. 
 
 j£'. Hug yvvouKoc syxvov. X 
 
 Tuvoana eyicuGv* @ou- When they would denote a 
 
 Xofxevoi dyXuaai, Wow woman pregnant , they por- 
 
 kukXov <tvv a<TTEgi f /jura tray the orb of the sun with 
 
 tjA/ot/§ ftlCTKOU £/%« T£- A STAR AND THE SUN'S DISK 
 
 T/XYI/A.EVOU, O-nfACtlVOUCTlV. BISECTED. 
 
 XV. HOW WIND. 
 
 IE. Hug aVE/JLOV. 
 
 Triv avaroXriv Ufai; A hawk soaring on high 
 
 ett) (MEiEupou §Euv y avE- towards the east, signifies the 
 
 fx,oug <rr)/xalv£i. eti tea) winds; [the spirit or soul?] 
 
 cixhug,^ lkpa% harera- and again otherwise, a hawk 
 
 fXEvog t«j TTTEpuyag h with its wings expanded in the 
 
 aE(>i,olov7rT£guy<zgEXCi)v f * air symbolizes the wind, as 
 
 avE/xov a-YifJtalvsi. having wings. 
 
 xv. See B. I. c. 6, and 7. 
 
 $ Aug. Par A. Leem. — eyyvov, Al. § Aid. has an asterisk. 
 
 f 7rw£ Toavrb, Aug. — Par A. B. om. 
 
 * Leem. has received ixovra, which Mer. sug. — Treh. om. from 
 
100 IIOR APOLLO. 
 
 XVI. HOW FIRE, 
 if . 11(0$ 7rV{3. 
 
 Kanvos slg oupavh Smoke ascending towards 
 avafictlvuv, ttu^ drihoT. heaven denotes fire. 
 
 XVII. HOW A WORK. 
 
 i?. Yiag 'igyov. 
 
 Boo; f tzppevog xspa; A bull's horn when de- 
 
 y^ccfpofxEvoVy sgyov o~r\fxai- picted signifies work. 
 
 VEl. 
 
 XVIII. HOW PUNISHMENT. 
 
 IYI. Tlu$ TTOIVYIV. 
 
 Boo;X 3c Sytetas xegas A cow's horn when de- 
 yqaQofiEvov, ttoivyiv ay)- picted signifies punis hm en i. 
 
 fxaivEi. 
 
 xvm. The Horns are used as the syllable " An,'' as in 
 Anepo. 
 
 t to, Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. Treb. 
 J to, Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. Treb. 
 
101 
 
 XIX. HOW IMPIETY. 
 
 iv. Hug avoaioTYirct, 
 
 UpoTOfiri auv (Maxai^ct A bust portrayed with a 
 yqaQoiAEvn avocrioTYiTa sword denotes impiety. 
 
 XX. HOW AN HOUR [EXECRATION ?]. 
 
 x . Hag u$uv.\ 
 
 ^iTTTTog TTura/xiog y%a- A river horse when de- 
 ,tpoix£vog u%<xv% d'vXo'i. lineated, denotes an hour. 
 
 xix. Not ascertained. 
 
 xx. Commonly found near Osiris in the judgment 
 scenes. Qy. 
 
 $ Causs. sug, apav, A curse. — De Pauw. <f,66oav, Destruction. 
 
102 
 
 I10RAP0LL0. 
 
 XXI. HOW ANYTHING OF LONG DURATION. 
 K(X. IlcOf 7T0Ay%p0Vi0V.|| 
 
 "Ehapog kut hiauTov A stag shoots its horns 
 
 fazo-ravEi ra KEfara' every year, and when de- 
 
 Zooygatpou/xEvy §£, ttoKv- picted, signifies anything of 
 
 X^oviov (rn/xaivEi. long duration. 
 
 XXII. HOW AVERSION. 
 X0. Yia; (ZTTOCTTgOtpYIV. 
 AuXOg, Yj XUOOV a,7TE<T- A WOLF OR A DOG AVERTED 
 
 Tga(AfAEvo$, cc7rocrTpo(pyiv denotes aversion. 
 
 xxi. Several inverted stags' heads alternating with hiero- 
 glyphics, are delineated in the judgment scene, where 
 they seem to have some connexion with duration, per- 
 haps eternity. See PI. 3. and B. I. c. 69. 
 
 Par. A. B. Pier. 7ro\vxp6via. 
 
XXIII. HOW A FUTURE ACT. 
 
 Tl 
 
 ny. Tlcog (aeKKov spyov* 
 
 'Axori £ooyp(z<pou(jt.£vn } An ear when delineated 
 u'eXXov epyov a-^atvEi. symbolizes a future act. 
 
 XXIV. HOW A MURDERER, OR THE BLOOD OF A 
 CROCODILE. 
 
 k$' . Ylcog (povsoCy y\ al/xa KpoKQ^siXou. 
 
 2,<pY)% aEgOTTETYlS, YITOl f A WASP FLYING IN THE AIR 
 
 otlfxa xpoKohlxou (3xa7r- signifies either the noxious 
 tmqv, Pi <povEa.\ cry/Actl- bloodof a crocodile, oramwr- 
 vei. derer. 
 
 he. Hut; Stzvarov. 
 NuHTDtopat; Savarov A night raven signifies 
 <rr)/j,<xivEi. txtpvco yap ETTEg- death ;§ for it suddenly poun- 
 
 xxiii. Immortal or Eternal. Sh. 318. Qy. Extension in 
 time. The coil may have been mistaken by Horapollo 
 for an ear. 
 
 * Treb. om. chap, xxiii. 
 
 t 77 to 1 $ Vat. Leem. — §bvov, Al. 
 
 § Qy. Erebus'? The Hebrew word my, ereb, signifies either 
 
 
104 
 
 IIORAPOLLO. 
 
 Xsrcci roig vso<r<ro7g rcov ces upon the young of the 
 
 Kogcovuv I nara. rag vine- crows by night, as death sud- 
 
 rexg, cog o Savarog atpva denly overtakes men. 
 
 ETTBpXETai. 
 
 XXVI. HOW LOVE. 
 
 /ft 
 
 kt. Hug Egara. 
 
 A noose denotes love as . 
 
 Ucxyig Egoora cog §yi- 
 
 gav || SavcxT .... TEpov, 
 
 cxe()cx cry](xcxivEi ov ? 
 
 mov. 
 
 i. A prisoner handcuffed. Horapollo seems to have 
 confounded the handcuff with the mouth in the next 
 expression, which Mr. Wilkinson considers to signify 
 " beloved." 
 ii. in. iv. v. vi. Also signify beloved. 
 Erebus darkness, or the Nightraven, and it appears by Damascius, 
 that the Sidonians substituted this bird as an emblem of Erebus. — 
 An. Frag. p. 319. 
 
 % Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Caus. Treb. om. 
 
 || . . . tov dspa on}iaivii, Aid. Mer. Pier, who also mentions, 
 TCTspbv aspa. — Oavarov . . . rspbv aspa arjfiaivti, — bv vibv, 
 Par A. B. w v\6v . . . tov aspa arjfiaivsi . . . tov vwv Par O 
 — Treb. Laqueus amorem significat. " A noose signifies love." 
 
XXVII. HOW THE MOST ANCIENT. 
 
 Aoyoi net) (pvxxcc, yi Words and leaves or a 
 QiQkIov Ecrpoayio-fABVoVf sealed book denote the most 
 
 TraXaioTocTov ^Ko7. ancient. 
 
 HOW A SIEGE. 
 
 HYI. TLou$% VTOhlOgxiotV. 
 
 KxlftaZ, TroXiopmav, A ladder signifies a siege 
 
 ha to * avafxaxov. by reason of its inequality [?]. 
 
 xxvu. The Papyri are found tied up, and sealed with clay 
 
 above the knot. 
 xxviii. A kind of toiver frequently found in battle scenes. 
 
 <|[ Aid. Mer. insert rroiei. — Mer. ttoiovgi, in margin. 
 * De Pauw. sug. /cot/'. 
 
106 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 XXIX. HOW INFINITE, OR A SONG, OR FATE. 
 
 nnnn 
 nnn 
 
 I 
 
 uff . Hag a,7r£i$ov, yi Nloucrav, yi fxoipav. 
 T^afMixara etttoi, h Seven letters included 
 $U(r) ^CCHTVXOig-f Trtpisxo- avithin TWO fingers [rings?] 
 /xevoc, Nloucrav, yi <x7TEi(>ov f symbolize a song, or infinite, 
 yi juoi^av CTYifxalvsi. ox fate. 
 
 XXX. WHAT ONE LINE BENT OVER ANOTHER SIGNIFIES. 
 
 ! ! ! t5?^f 
 
 A'. Tl (TYIfJUXlVEl y^a./Xf/.Yly E7TlKEKa[XfJLEVYI ETEOa. 
 
 TgaiAfAY) ogQr) filet, ayLcx. A straight line with a 
 
 ypafxfjm £7TLH£H(x/xfX£VY} * curved line above it signifies 
 
 r) $EKa, y^a/xfxag ettitte- ten plane lines. X 
 
 cow; (TYifxaivoucri. 
 
 xxix. 1. The number 70 is very common on funereal 
 tablets, and signifies " The Days of mourning.''' Sh. 
 676. The Egyptians still sing their lamentations, 
 perhaps a relic of the funereal chant called M aneros by 
 Plutarch. 
 
 c 2. An amulet with some mystic signification. 
 
 xxx. The plane lines denote units, the curved 10's, the 
 coils 100's, and the other 1000's. 
 
 t De Pauw. sug. SciktvXioiq, " rings." — Reuv. evTog daicrvXiov, 
 " within a ring." Qy. Bent into the form of a ring. 
 
 X Qy. When a curved line is placed above a straight line it de- 
 notes ten of such straight lines. 
 
 * Pier. mentions, tiriKiKknuivn, fj . . . r\ Seko,. — Leem. om. r) 
 
XXXI. WHAT THEY DENOTE BY DEPICTING A SWALLOW- 
 
 Xa. T/ foi\ov<ri xsXidova ygcc<povTE$. 
 
 Tyv bxoaxzfi oififiat- When they would signify 
 
 veiv @oux6/xevoi ktyiitiv yo- that the whole of a parent's 
 
 vixw Hal -ateitpS ^f^a -<xv toig substance has been left to the 
 
 vVeo-i, x^^ va K®vpot.- sons, they depict a swallow. 
 
 (pouo-tv. EHEivy yap Kuxisi For she rolls herself in the 
 
 Eauryv slg Trrfaov, xcc) mud, and builds a nest for 
 
 kti&itoTsvsottoTsQuXew her young, when she is her- 
 
 /j,E\Xou<Ta. teQvccvxi. self about to die. 
 
 XXXII. WHAT BY A BLACK DOVE. 
 
 >$, TV (MEXoavav tte^htte^uv. 
 
 Tuvcaxa x*p av s 97 "' - When they would symbo- 
 
 (j.Eivacrav «%£>< Savccrou lise a woman who remains a 
 
 SeXqvtes o-yi/jwvui, tte^kt- widow till death, they depict 
 
 TEgav (MEXaivav fyyfcc- a black dove; for this bird 
 
 (pou<riv. aurr] yag ov g~u/a- has no connexion with another 
 
 piyvurai ETEgu avty), eco; mate from the time that it is 
 
 ouh xnpw(rri»\\ widowed. 
 
 xxxi. Jewels, valuables. Sh. 551. 
 
 § De Pauw. sug. i$ ov. j| xi)aiuu, Al. 
 
108 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 WHAT BY AN ICHNEUMON. 
 
 Ay. 
 
 A&gUWOV CC<T§EVY!, hou 
 
 fj.j] $uvyi6evtx eccutu @oy\- 
 6rj(ra.i (ft eaurou, aAAa 
 oia Trig aTOwv ETriKQUglas, 
 
 fxova £coyga<poucriv. eheivyi 
 yag orav i(fy o<pw, ov 
 
 7r$0TE%0V E7riTlQET<Zl CCUTU, 
 
 «AA<% @oy TQitg aKhovg 
 
 E7TlKa\0Ufjl.EVYI y TOTE EVOtV- 
 TlQVTCtl TV OtpEl. 
 
 When they would represent 
 a man that is feeble, and un- 
 able of himself to help him- 
 self but who does so by the 
 aid of others, they delineate 
 an ichneumon. For this 
 animal, when it spies a ser- 
 pent, does not at once attack 
 it, but by its noise calls others 
 to its assistance, and then at- 
 tacks the serpent. 
 
 XXXIV. WHAT THEY DENOTE BY ENGRAVING ORIGANUM 
 (WILD MARJORAM) FOR A HIEROGLYPHIC. 
 
 x¥. T/ dyhooaiv oplyavov iEgoyXu<pouvTEg. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lised departure of ants, they 
 engrave origanum. For if 
 this plant be laid down over 
 the spot from whence the ants 
 issue forth, it causes them to 
 desert it. 
 
 Xo/AEvoi am/Anvaij cgiyavov 
 htjQyXu(pQuo~iv. avTr\ yag 
 7Toie7 Xeitteiv Tohg (AVgtm- 
 
 KCtg^ CCTrOTlZcfAEVYl EVTQ7TU, 
 cttqQev kizEf%0VTai. 
 
 f Par. A. B. C. Aid. Mer. Leem - 
 
10!) 
 
 XXXV. WHAT BY A SCORPION AND CROCODILE. 
 
 "AvfyovrovExfyov, Ire- When they would symbo- 
 
 fw \<ru kvavTiovfj.£vov cry- lise one enemy engaging with 
 
 (thai Be^ovte^ o-xofmov another equal to himself \ they 
 
 xa) KfOKodeiXov £coyga- depict a scorpion and a cro- 
 
 (povtrw. EttaTEpog yag sxa- codile. For these kill one 
 
 regov * avaifeT. si 3e ivav- another. But if they would 
 
 t/ov xa) avai^srixov too symbolise one who is hostile 
 
 ETEgou <m/jtaivou(Tt, xgoxo- to, and has slain another, 
 
 o^eiXov ^o)y^a,<pou<Tiv, r\ they depict a crocodile or a 
 
 o-nofTTiov. axx eI (aw scorpion ; and if he has slain 
 
 Si-sag avai^ouvra, x$oxo- him speedily, they depict a 
 
 fofrov Zayfa<poii<nV eI 3e crocodile, but if slowly, a. 
 
 fyafrEu$avaifoSvTa f (ncog- scorpion, from its tardy mo- 
 
 irtoVf ha to ducrxivYiTov. tion. 
 
 xxxv. This seems to have some astronomical allusion. 
 The Crocodile was one of the Vahans of the Sun, and 
 the year began with Scorpio. It is not an uncommon 
 
 iKarepov yap, Hsesch. De Pauw. 
 
IIORAPOLLO. 
 
 XXXVI. WHAT BY A WEASEL. 
 Ar'. TV yaXrjv. 
 
 Tuvouko. avfyo; spya When they would symbo- 
 m-qarrovacLv fiovXoixtvoi lise a woman performing the 
 crY\[MJvaij yaMv £coyg<x- works of a man, they depict 
 (pova-iv. aurr\ ya% appevog a weasel ; quod maris pu- 
 atioiov 'ixfii, us ocnapiov. dendum habeat velut ossicu- 
 lum. 
 
 XXXVII. WHAT BY A HOG. 
 
 "Ore @ou\ovt<zi av§(>oi- When they would symbo- 
 
 ttov si-coXy (TYifXYivaiy xoigov lise a filthy man t they depict 
 
 £ayga(pou<n, ha to f a hog ; from such being the 
 
 Trjv (puaiv rov xoi^ov roi- nature of the hog. 
 ccutyiv elvai. X 
 
 xxxvu. There is an example of a hog in a judgment 
 scene in the tombs of the kings, where, according to 
 Champollion, it denotes the metampsychosis of a glut- 
 ton condemned by Osiris into a hog. — Bonomi. See 
 Tl. 3. 
 
 t Par. A. B. om. to. 
 
 $ ovarav, Par. A. B. C. 
 
Ill 
 
 
 XXXVIII. HOW IMMODERATE ANGER. 
 Xri. Hug 
 
 El $E SufAQV cifASTgOV, 
 
 ug re xtxi ex toutou ttu- 
 
 fETTElV TQV ^UfJLOVfMBVOVj 
 
 hiovroc, yp<x(pov<riv } ex- 
 o-toiZqvto, § roog Idioug 
 axu/xvoug. xcci Keqvtcc (aev, 
 ha lov SufAOV' roug crxu/jt,- 
 
 VOUg $E EX<TTQl£Q(A.EVOUg, § 
 E7T£l$r) TO, OCTTO, TUV 
 (TKUIAVUV KOTTTOfiEVa, 7CV$ 
 ExGaXhEl. 
 
 §UfXQV (ZfAETgOV. 
 
 If they would represent im- 
 moderate anger, so that he 
 who is angry takes a fever 
 thereby, they depict a lion 
 
 BREAKING THE BONES OF ITS 
 
 own whelps. And they por- 
 tray the lion to signify anger, 
 and the whelps having their 
 bones broken, because the 
 bones of the whelps when 
 struck together emit sparks of 
 fire. 
 
 XXXIX. HOW AN OLD MINSTREL. 
 
 xtf. Hag ysfovTCt fxoua-ixov. 
 
 Tepovtcc ia.ov<tikov @ou- When they would symbo- 
 
 ko/AEvoi <m/Avivai, xvxvov lise an old minstrel, they de- 
 
 £wypa<pou<riv. ourog ya$ pict a swan, for when old it 
 
 tivrarov n&og a$Ei yr\- sings the sweetest melody. 
 
 gacrxoov. 
 
 § Hjesch. sug. and Leem. adopts eZovtuZovto. and e£o(77-£i£o- 
 fitvovg. 
 
HO It APOLLO. 
 
 XL. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN WHO LIVES 
 WITH HIS WIFE. 
 
 //. Hug avtya dyhoucri o-jyyivo/xEvov Ty Eawrov yuvam. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man living in intercourse 
 with his own wife, they de- 
 pict two crows ; for these 
 birds cohabit with one another 
 in the same manner as does a 
 man by nature. 
 
 cruyytvofAEvov 
 t>j yuvaiHi avTov xara 
 (mI^iv (3oux6/aevoi crn^nvai, 
 $vo noguvag yqa,<pov<Tiv. 
 aurai yap (TUfx^iyvvvTai 
 aXXriXaig, ug fjLiyvvTai 
 oiv^puTrog Kara, (puiiv. 
 
 XLI. WHAT THEY INTIMATE BY POURTRAYING A 
 BLIND BEETLE. 
 
 fxa. T/ or\Xovcri H.dv9agev Tvcpxbv ypafiovTEg. 
 
 Avopa oe u7ro yXi- 
 axYig outTWog 7TUPE^avra 
 Hal evteuQev avroQavovra 
 @qux6/aevoi anfXYivai, nav- 
 dapov TU<p\6v ypa(pou<riv. 
 ourog yap v7ro tqu vKlou 
 tuQXouiuevcs avroOvYicTKEi. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man who has caught a 
 fever from a stroke of the 
 sun, and died in consequence, 
 they portray a blind beetle; 
 for this creature dies after it 
 has been blinded by the sun. 
 
113 
 
 XLII. WHAT THEY DESIGN BY DEPICTING A MULE. 
 (JI0, 17 $YlXQU<TlV y/AlOVOV yPCt<pOVTE$. 
 
 TuvaiHoc 3e crrsTpav When they would symbo- 
 
 Qqu-koiazvoi aypnvou, ^fxlo- Use a barren woman, they 
 
 vov ypa<pouaiv. awry yap delineate a mule ; for this 
 
 ha touto a-reTpa fan, animal is barren, quod ma- 
 
 ha to (av\ £%£iv Tnv /xyit- tricem rectam non habet. 
 pav ear' EuQelag. 
 
 XLIII. HOW THEY DENOTE A WOMAN WHO HAS BROUGHT 
 FORTH FEMALE INFANTS. 
 
 fxy. Ylug OYihoStri yuvaixa ysvvncraaav §Y)\Ea @P£<pn. 
 
 YuvaiKa yEwwaaav When they would symbo- 
 
 SriXsa @pE<pri TTPUTcog, lise a woman who has brought 
 
 @oux6(aevoi o-YiiMvai, rau- forth female infants first, 
 
 pov ett) ra aPicnspa vsu- they delineate a bull inclin- 
 
 ovra £coypa<pou<nv si o*e ing towards the left : and 
 
 appsva, ttccXlv rai/pov etti again if male infants, then 
 
 Ta h%ia vsuovra £ooypa- they delineate a bull inclining 
 
 (pouaiv. exeTvos yap airo to the right. Is enim ex con- 
 
 rrig oxiiai; nara^alvcov* gressu discedens, si ad lsevam 
 
 Kara/3ttXXwv, Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. 
 
 
1 1 4 H0RAP0LL0. 
 
 el (jl\v ett) ra agitTTEga. conversus fuerit, genitam esse 
 
 KtzTExQoi, Sfau yewaTou'f foeminam indicat, si ad dexte- 
 
 sl <$£ ett) Tad'E^ta, kcxteX- ram marem. 
 Qoi ixtto Trig oxzlag, ocppEV 
 
 TlKTETCll. 
 
 XL1V. HOW THEY DENOTE WASPS. 
 
 pd. Hug (bihoutrt o-Qmag. 
 
 Zpwag fiouXo/AEVoi an- When they would denote 
 
 Hyvai, vExfov 'Ittttov £a- wasps, they depict a dead 
 
 y$a,(pouaiv. ek yag rourov horse : for many wasps are 
 
 ctTroQavGVTog, woXKoi yl- generated from him when 
 
 vovTca atpnuEg. dead. 
 
 XLV. HOAV A WOMAN WHO MISCARRIES. 
 
 (x'e. Hag o^n^ouai yuvouKtx EKTiT^uaHouaav. 
 
 Tuvcukcc EKTiTfcoo-Kou- When they would symbo- 
 
 aav &oVho[A£voi anftnvai, lise a woman who miscarries, 
 
 'Ittttov TTtxTouaav "hvuov they depict a mare kicking 
 
 £ooyg<z(pou<nv. ou /uovov a wolf ; for not only by 
 
 t ytvvacQai (yi][A.divei, Aid. Mer. Causs. Pier. 
 
yap TrocTovaa rov Xvhov kicking a wolf does a mare 
 
 £XTiTfco(T)iEir)'l7r7ro<;,(z\xa, miscarry, but it immediately 
 
 hoc) to I'xvog iav 7tcx,ty\o-y\ miscarries if it should merely 
 
 jou hvKou, Trccgaxpypa tread on the footstep of a 
 
 ehtitquo-hei. wolf. 
 
 XLVI. HOW A MAN WHO CURES HIMSELF BY AN ORACLE. 
 (xt '. Hag civfycoTTOV iaTfEUOVTCt EOCUTOV O.7T0 %{p\0~ fiOV . 
 
 *Av§gco7rov (ztto x$y\<t- When they would symbo- 
 
 (MQu laTgEvovTct ecxutov lize a man who cures himself 
 
 @ouKo(jt,Evoi o-r][MYivai, (paa- by an oracle, they delineate 
 
 <rav Hg<zTouo~av <puhhov a wood pigeon carrying a 
 
 da<pvY}$ £uy(>a><pouo~iv. k- branch of laurel; for this 
 
 keivy) yag ote appooo-Ts'i, bird when sick deposits a 
 
 (puXXov ettitiQwi datpvng branch of laurel in its nest, 
 
 e!$ tyjv voacriccv sai/Trig and recovers. 
 
 KOU l/yiMVEl. 
 
 XLVII. HOW A SWARM OF GNATS. 
 
 /*£'. Hag xuvcoTrag 7roXKovg, 
 
 KuvuTrag noKhovg etti- When they would represent 
 
 (poiravrscg $ov\q[aevqi £w- many gnats swarming to- 
 
 y$a<pYio-cu, (TKcoMKxgyya.- g ether, they depict maggots ; 
 
 (poutriv. £/*§ toutuv yap for from them gnats are en- 
 
 yEvvwrou ol KoovcoTTEg. gendered. 
 
 § Aid. om. 
 
116 HOR APOLLO. 
 
 XLVIII. HOW A MAN THAT HAS NO BILE, BUT RECEIVES 
 IT FROM ANOTHER. 
 
 fAY]. Hug avdoa fw exqvtcx x°^ v > oOO^ cxp' etedou hxof^Evov. 
 
 "Avtya /xri exovtoc When they would symbo- 
 
 Xo^riv auroQuug, cxhx a<p' lise a man who has naturally 
 
 irspov dexoftEvov yod- no bile but receives it from 
 
 (povxEq, TTEgio-TEgav £co- another, they depict a dove 
 
 yoa.<pod(riv, sxovo-av t« with her hinder parts 
 
 oTTiehia op9a. sv EHEivoig erect ; for in them she has 
 
 yao rr)v x o ^W tX £i ' ner bile. 
 
 XLIX. HOW A MAN WHO DWELLS SECURELY IN A CITY. 
 
 (a(¥. Hug <zv§duttov aatya'Kug oinovvra ttqXiv. 
 
 "AvS^uttov txo-tpahug When they would symbo- 
 
 oIkquvtix Trohiv <iv\imvou lise a man who dwells securely 
 
 @ou\6(aevoi, cxetov iJSov in a city, they depict an eagle 
 
 fiatTTaZovra Zuypatpoi/- conveying a stone; for he 
 
 <rtv. ekeTvo; yap cxtto $a- takes up a stone, either from 
 
 \da-07i$ 9 n cctto tyjs yrjg the sea or land, and deposits 
 
 a/$ov ETTalgEi, Ka) TtSycriv it in his nest, to keep it steady. 
 Eig ty)v idiocy vocrcriaVy hex 
 
 TO CX(T<p<ZXug fAEVElV. 
 
L. HOW A MAN WHO IS WEAK AND PERSECUTED 
 BY ANOTHER. 
 
 v . Tloog <xv§gco7Tov acr^Evag e%ovra, nai v(p erspou 
 
 "AvBpwttov ao-Qsvug e- When they would symbo- 
 
 %ovt«, na) HoiTa^LcoKO/jLe- lise a man that is weak and 
 
 vov u7ro \q-xupqtepov @ ou ~ persecuted by a stronger, they 
 
 ^ofMEvoi <tyi/jmvou, ut&cc delineate a bustard and a 
 
 xa) ittitov Zcoypatpoi/aiv. horse ; for this bird flies away 
 
 avTn yup "i7TT<xTaiy orav whenever it sees a horse. 
 i'5>i 'ittttov. 
 
 LI. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN WHO FLEES FOR REFUGE 
 TO HIS PATRON, AND RECEIVES NO ASSISTANCE. 
 
 va. Hag av%pairov dyXouai Trpoo-cpEi/yovra va idicp Trarpavi 
 na) fju) @oyiQov/xevov. 
 
 "AvSpCOTTOV 7TP0<T<p£V- 
 
 yovra ra idla Trarpavi, 
 nai fxr\ @Qn()ouf/.EVOV, §e- 
 "KovTEg dyXaaai, cttpouQov 
 na) y\avHa £aypa<pou(riv. 
 
 ourog yap SyPEUo/xEvog, 
 TTplg ty]v yXavna tpex 21 ) 
 na) TTpbg aurn uv 7Tie£e- 
 rai. 
 
 When they would denote 
 a man who flees for refuge to 
 his patron, and receives no 
 assistance , they depict a spar- 
 row and an owl; for the 
 sparrow when pursued betakes 
 itself to the owl, and being 
 near it is seized. 
 
118 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 LI I. HOW THEY REPRESENT A WEAK MAN THAT IS 
 AUDACIOUS. 
 
 v/3'. Hag a.v9oco7rov driXovcriv aaQsvri Ktxi TrPOTTETEVOfAEVOV. 
 
 "AvfyuTrov aoSzvYi hoc) When they would symbo- 
 
 ttpotteteuo/xevov @ouh6{As- lise a man who is weak and 
 
 voi o-Yiixnva.1, vvmEPi^a audacious, they portray a bat, 
 
 ^aypatpovaiv. eheivyi yap for she flies though destitute 
 
 /j.yi Expvaa. tttepcx. 'InTa- of feathers. 
 rai. 
 
 L1II. HOW A WOMAN SUCKLING AND BRINGING UP HER 
 CHILDREN WELL. 
 
 vy . Hag yuvouHOC. §Y\\cc£oucra,v, hoc) Kochag avocTPE<pou<rav. 
 
 Yuvouxoc §Y\7\a£,ovo~ocv, 
 hoci HcChag avaTPEtpovcrctv 
 @qv\q[mevoi £ay pa<pYicrai y 
 vuhtepI^oc ttolMv exovctcxv 
 odovrotg hoc) [xacrrobg * 
 ^toypatpoucriv. aury] yap 
 (aovy) ruv aX7\av tttyivcov, 
 oo^ovTctg hoc) ixao-Toug e%ei. 
 
 When they would represent 
 a woman suckling and bring- 
 ing up her children well, they 
 again portray a bat with 
 
 TEETH AND BREASTS ; for this 
 
 is the only winged creature 
 which has teeth and breasts. 
 
 * Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. Treb. for vvKTtpida, read rpvyova, i 
 dove, &c. 
 
LIV. HOW A MAN FOND OF DANCING. 
 VO . Ucog Oiv9pC07T0V HY]X0VfMEV0V do^asi. 
 
 "AvSpoiirov 37 opx/iaeas When they would symbo- 
 
 stai auMTiKYig }cyiXou(xevov lise a man fond of dancing 
 
 @ou\6/aevoi <nifiSjveu 9 t^v- and piping, they delineate a 
 
 yova ZuyqaQoucriv. ouity\ turtle dove; for it is taken 
 
 7«f vno avKoii nai o%- by means of a pipe and danc- 
 
 XYiTEcog atdcmzTou. ing. 
 
 LV. HOW A MYSTIC MAN. 
 
 vs. Ylut; avfymwov fxuo-rixov. 
 
 "AvfyoTTovtis /Avo-Tixov, When they would symbo- 
 
 xa) TEteaTYiv'f QouXofievoi lise a mystic man, and one 
 
 cr-v/Anvai, TErrr/a £coyga- initiated, they delineate a 
 
 <pou<nv. ourogya^ $ia rod grasshopper; for he does not 
 
 a-TOfjtaros ou AaAs?, aAAa utter sounds through his 
 
 &a Tvjg pxx™S QSeyyo- mouth, but chirping by means 
 
 fXEvog, nahov /ksAoj aeihi. of his spine, sings a sweet 
 melody. 
 
 t Ts\eTt)v, Par. A.. B. C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. — Treb. om. 
 
120 
 
 HORAPOLLO, 
 
 LVI. HOW A KING WHO KEEPS HIMSELF APART, AND 
 SHEWS NO MERCY TO DELINQUENCIES. 
 
 vr. Hag fixcriXEa, ifoaZcvrcc, nxi (m eXeouvtcx, ev roig 
 7naicrfj.acri. 
 
 BpwfrEal$ia£ovTa f %xa) When they would symbo- 
 
 pwEteovvra svToigTrrala-- lise a king who keeps himself 
 
 fjuurt § @ou\6/aevoi <tyi[m- apart,% and shews no mercy 
 
 vai, dsTov ^ayqatpovo-iv. to delinquencies, % they depict 
 
 ovrog yap h roig E^/xoig an eagle ; for he builds his 
 
 T05roi5£%« rw vocr<na.v,\\ nest in desert places, and flies 
 
 km b^XoTEpog Ttavrm higher than all birds. 
 
 TftJV TTETEIVQV 'i'KTlXTtXl, 
 
 Signifies Pharaoh. 
 
 Icid^u), " to live apart," also " to revenge oneself." 
 Tr-alfffia, " a calamity in war," also " a fault." 
 viorsaiav, Al. 
 
121 
 
 LVII. HOW THE GREAT CYCLICAL RENOVATION. 
 
 v?. Hag a^ofcaraaracriv TroXuxgoviov. 
 
 'A7roxaTa(TTcc<riv ds When they would denote 
 
 TroXuxPoviov (3ouk6/j,evoi the great cyclical renovation, 
 
 uYifxhaiy (polviKcc to fyvEov they portray the bird phoznix. 
 
 Zuygapoucriv. eheivqs yag For when he is produced a 
 
 qte yswarai, anoKaTa- renovation of things takes 
 
 o-toco-is yivETai w^ay/xa.- place, and he is produced in 
 
 tuv. ysvvoirai 3e toioutu this manner. When the Phce- 
 
 TgoTrco' orav fxsXXrj teXeu- nix is about to die, he casts 
 
 roiv b <poivi^ y pr\(7o-£i eccutov himself vehemently upon the 
 
 £7riTr)vyYiv f Ha)67rY}VE}cTou ground, and is wounded by 
 
 priy/xarog Xcc/xGccvei, na) the blow, and from the ichor, 
 
 ek rev Ixjaqos tou Kara?- which flows from the wound, 
 
 pEovTog ha Trig oTrrjg § another phoenix is produced ; 
 
 aKkog yEvvarai' oliog te which as soon as it is fledged, 
 
 a/xa to) 7nE()o<puYi<jai, cruv goes with his father to the 
 
 tw Trccrfi Tro^EUETai Eig city of the sun in Egypt ; who 
 
 ty\v 'Hxlou UoXiv ty]v sv when he is come thither, dies 
 
 Aiyu7TTa,\\ og xou Tra^a- in that place at the rising of 
 
 Phoenix. 
 Aid. Mer. Pier. om. II Par. A. Leem. — Al. om. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 7Ev6fiEvo$ ekeT, a t ua rj? the sun. And after the death 
 
 faiov avaroty, ekeTcte of his father, the young one 
 
 TEteura. Kcci (metoc tov departs again to his own 
 
 Savarov tov warfa, 6 country; and the priests of 
 
 VEoaaoq naXiv ett) ty\v Egypt bury the phoenix that 
 
 lo^lav iraTfiba avrEurnf is dead. 
 
 01 OS lEgEig TYJg AlyUTTTOV 
 
 toutov tov a.7ro9arVovTa 
 
 (pOlVlKO. SxTTTOUCTl. 
 
 LVIII. HOW ONE WHO IS FOND OF HIS FATHER. 
 
 Hag (pi\07TtZT0ga. 
 
 <&l\07TCZT0pa fioultf/AE- 
 
 voi o-Yi/uwvat av9(ioo7rov, tte- 
 Xagyov £ayga$oiio~tv. v7ro 
 yap tuv yEVVficravTuv bt- 
 TpaQEig, ou x^pi^Eiai 
 tuv loiav TroLTEgav, aKKa 
 TragOr/AEvcu auTolg axfi$ 
 scrxocrou yrjpag, §sga- 
 
 7TEiaV OLUTolg a7TQVE(J.00V. 
 
 When they would denote a 
 man fond of his father, they 
 depict a stork ; for after he 
 has been brought up by his 
 parents he departs not from 
 them, but remains with them 
 to the end of their life, taking 
 upon himself the care of them. 
 
123 
 
 HOW A WOMAN THAT HATES HER HUSBAND. 
 
 Ylux; yuvcuna fjua'oScrav tov eo,vtyi<; avtya. 
 
 Tvvcukoc (AKrouvav tov 
 i'hov avtya, Koii E7riQov- 
 teuovcav avTco ei$ §ava- 
 
 TOV, /J.0VQV $£ ha (Al<*lV 
 
 KoXaHEuouaav abrov, @ou- 
 
 "h0[JLEV0l 0-Y1(A?ivOU' £%IV 
 
 Zcoyqatpovcriv. avry] yag 
 otxv cruyyivyrai to> «p- 
 
 pEVlj CTOfXa (TTOfXaTl E(M~ 
 
 QaXouaa* nai [aetoc. to 
 aTro^Euxfirivai, cltio^olkov- 
 oa. tyiV KE(pa\y\v tov up- 
 pevog avai^Ei. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a woman that hates her 
 own husband, and designs his 
 death, and is complaisant only 
 during intercourse, they de- 
 lineate a viper; for when in 
 connexion with the male, she 
 places his mouth in her mouth, 
 and after they have disjoined, 
 she bites the head of the male 
 and kills him. 
 
 LX. HOW THEY DENOTE CHILDREN PLOTTING AGAINST 
 THEIR MOTHERS. 
 
 f. ria)$ TEHva, h^nXoucnv ettiCouXeuovtol touc; fXY\T(>ao-iv. 
 
 Temcc E7riQouXEvovTa When they would denote 
 
 TousfAVTg occri anfMYivai @ou- children plotting against their 
 
 \6fjLEvoij Exifoav (coyfct- mothers, they delineate a 
 
 cpouo-iv. ccuty] yag h tyj viper; for the viper is not 
 
 * t[i,i3dX\ii, Aid. Mer. Leem. 
 
124 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 ov TiHTETcti, ocKk brought forth in the [usual 
 
 Ejt€t6fu<THou<ra tyiv ya- manner?], but disengages 
 
 a-repa Trig fwrfog sk7To- itself by gnawing through the 
 
 psuETcu. belly of its mother. 
 
 LXI. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN WHO SICKENS UNDER 
 THE REPROACH OF ACCUSATION. 
 
 |a. Tlcog aivfyamov dyvour iv u7ro fcaryyo^iocg Xoi^o^yiQevtoc, 
 H.ai aa^EVYia-avra. 
 
 "AvSgcoTTov tie vtto When they would symbo- 
 
 xarriyoglag KoidogyQevTci lise a man who is reproached 
 
 jiixi vocrria-avTxX evteuSev with accusations and thence 
 
 @qux6/j,evoi <ty\iaw(xij @okti- falls sick, they delineate a 
 
 \i<THov £coyga<pou<nv. ekeT- basilisk ; for he kills those 
 
 vog ya? roug irMaia^ov- that approach him with his 
 
 Tocg rco lavTov cpucrrifxaTi breath. 
 
 (bQVEVEl. 
 
 % aadtvi^aavra, Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. 
 
LX1I. HOW A MAN THAT IS BURNT WITH FIRE. 
 %0 . IlaiS <ZV§p6)7T0V V7T0 Trupog xaio/Asvov. 
 
 ' Av&pawov V7TO Trugog When they would symbo- 
 
 KaiOfAEvov @ouXo/j.£voi <iY\- lise a man that is burnt ivith 
 
 /xYivai, o-ccXa/xavtyav gco- fire, they depict a salaman- 
 
 ygcctpouo-iv. awry yap der ; for it destroys with 
 
 excite fa, rjj KEfyaM dvcu- either head. 
 
 LXIII. HOW A BLIND MAN. 
 
 |y'. Tlcog avfyoowov tvQXqv. 
 
 "AvfyuTrov Tuipxov (Sou- When they would symbo- 
 
 hofMEvoi omimvou, aana.- lise a blind man, they depict 
 
 Xana ^coygatpovaiv. EKsTvog a mole ; for it neither has 
 
 yap otpSaX/Aov; qvk ex £ h eves > nor does it see. 
 
 OVTE Q$CC. 
 
 LXIV. HOW A MAN THAT NEVER STIRS OUT. 
 
 |^'. Tlux; oiv^wzrov cz7rp6iTov.\\ 
 
 "AvQfcoTrov awgoirov When they would symbo- 
 
 ^ov'hofj.Evoi triifwvai, /jlv§- lise a man that never stirs 
 
 II Extra domum. Treb. 
 
126 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 fAwa xai TTTEga vvhte- out, they depict an ant and 
 
 flfrog ZcoygatpovaiV hori the wings of a bat; because, 
 
 ri6E/Asvcov rav 7rT£^v Eig when these wings are placed 
 
 tyiv veoctctiuv tcov [xupixyi- over an ant's nest, none of 
 
 xcov, ov 7roo£gx £Tai h oiv- them come forth. 
 tcov Tig. 
 
 LXV. HOW A MAN WHO IS INJURED BY SELF-INFLICTIONS. 
 
 |f. Ylcog olv9pco7rov diet TY\g olxEiag s^coXEicxg @Xa.7no(JLivov. 
 
 "Av9pco7rov diet Trig idlag When they would symbo- 
 
 £%co\Eiag @Xa,7TT6{j.£vov cry- lise a man injured by self in- 
 
 (jwvai @ou\6{aevoi 7 xctcrTopa fiictions, they delineate a bea- 
 
 Zcoyoacpovcriv. kxEivog yoto ver ; for when pursued he 
 
 Ko&Tafoauo/AEvog, Eig ty\v tears out his own testicles, and 
 
 ay p civ roug idioug didvfjtovg casts them as spoil to his pur- 
 
 cxTrocrTrcov piTTTEi. suers. 
 
 LXVI. HOW A MAN WHO HAS BEEN SUCCEEDED IN HIS 
 PROPERTY BY A SON WHOM HE HATED. 
 
 |r '. Hag cxvQpcottqv xXypovo/xn9£VTct unci /xEfxicrYj^Evou texvou. 
 
 "AvOocottov xXrjoovo/xYi- When they would symbo- 
 Bevtcx u7ro /ae/xio-yi/xevou lise a man who has been suc- 
 
 § Ingreditur. Treb. 
 
127 
 
 T£H.V0U@0U\6/J,EV0l CTY)[AY\VOtl, 
 
 7ri§Y]Kov sxovtcc oTrlcrco 
 
 ETEpOV (MftpQV TTlQwOV £u- 
 
 ypatpouaiv. ekeTvos yap 
 ysvva $uo tt&yixous* ttai 
 rov [aev ha aurcov (piteT 
 
 XiaVy TOV $E ETEPOV (JLHTeT. 
 OV $E (plXsT, EfATTgOO-QeV f&Oh 
 
 ara^uv, Qoveuei, ov $e 
 /jucteT, ottktOev EX sl t K0U 
 
 EHETvOV EK-TPEtyEl. 
 
 cceded in his property by a 
 son whom he hated, they de- 
 pict AN APE WITH A YOUNG 
 
 ape behind it. For the ape 
 begets two young apes, one 
 of which he loves extrava- 
 gantly, and the other he hates : 
 and the one which he loves 
 he keeps before him and kills 
 with fondling; but the one 
 which he hates he keeps be- 
 hind him and brings up. 
 
 LXVII. HOW A MAN THAT CONCEALS HIS OWN DEFECTS. 
 
 f£". Ilw£ avSpooTTOV ia loicc EXarrcof^ara xpuTrrovra. 
 
 "Av§pco7rov ra ifoa When they would symbo- 
 
 EXaTTa/xaTa KPUTrvovra lise a man that conceals his 
 
 fiouXofAEVoi (TYifjwvaij TTi- own defects, they depict an 
 
 Owov\\ oupouvra (ccypa- ape|| making water; for when 
 
 <poucriv. ourog yap oupcov f he makes water he conceals 
 
 kpvtttei tov i&ov oupov. his urine. 
 
 || Pier, mentions a reading, a'lXovpov " a cat." 
 
128 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 LXVIII. HOW ONE WHO HEARS WITH MORE THAN USUAL 
 ACUTENESS. 
 
 |>j. Hag riva. tcara to (aolKXov uhovovtcx,. 
 
 Tiva Sfi Kara to fMoix- When they would symbo- 
 
 Aov axovovra §eXovte$ <tv\- lise a man who hears with 
 
 fxYivocijaiya^ay^a^ovo-iv. more than usual acuteness, 
 
 auTYi ya$> avaitvEi* ha they portray a she-goat, for 
 
 rav pa8avav, na\ rav she respires [hears ?] through 
 
 utcov. both her nostrils and ears. 
 
 LXIX. HOW AN UNSETTLED PERSON. 
 
 %& , Hai; acrrarov. 
 
 TlVa (fa (ZCTTCZTOV za) 
 
 /jt,n /xsvovra kv ravTa, aKh 
 qte /mh IcrxvpoVjf qte $e 
 
 ao-Qsvrj, X @ou\o/j,evqi <ty\- 
 (JMvai, vaivav § £coyga- 
 Qouaiv. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise one that is unsettled, and 
 that does not remain in the 
 same state, but is sometimes 
 strong, and at other times 
 ainv\ ya.% ote weak, they depict an hy^n a; 
 ph appnv ylverou, ote 3s for this creature is at times 
 Qviteia. male, and at times female.|| 
 
 * clkovuI — Treb. Audit. 
 
 t Par A C. Aid. Mer. insert Opaavv. — Causs. Treb. ical Qpaaov, 
 and Leem. in brackets. 
 
 | Par. A. C. Aid. Mer. insert SsiXbv. Causs. Treb. icai deiXbv. 
 and Leem. in brackets. 
 
 § Ges. ment. vaivav ocpiv, which Treb. reads. 
 
 II The Arabs still believe this to be the case. 
 
LXX. HOW A MAN OVERCOME BY HIS INFERIORS. 
 
 !!&£ <XV§pOmOV V7T0 EXOCTTOVUV VUTCOfJLEVOV. 
 
 "Av§g607T0V 0*£ Y}TTC0/X£- 
 VQV V7T0 T00v\\ E^OiTTOVCOV 
 @0U>.0(AEVQl <TY}{A,yvai y (?U0 
 
 ^e^ixara ^uy^atpovaiv, 
 w to (a\v, baling karij to 
 tie aXho, Trao'ba'hEug. iav 
 
 yap OfMOU TeOyJ* t« o^uo 
 
 raura h^£p//.<xra f ro /xev 
 tyj$ 7raftaX£ug <x7ro@a\X£i 
 Tag Tglxag, to $e aXXo, 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man overcome by his in- 
 feriors, they depict two skins, 
 one of an hy^na,1F and the 
 other of a panther; for if 
 these two skins be placed to- 
 gether, the panther's shoots 
 its hair, but the other does 
 not. 
 
 lxx. how a man who overcomes his private 
 
 ENEMY. 
 
 oa. Tlcog civQpuTTov too lo^lov £%fyo£ 7T£^yEv6/j.EV0V. 
 
 "AvSpcottov too Itilou To denote a man who over- 
 sxfyou TTEfiyevofAEVov oV comes his private enemy, they 
 
 lxx. See the shin placed before Osiris, B.I. c. 40. 
 The shin is in some manner connected with judgment 
 and protection, but it is not yet well understood. 
 
 || Aid. Mer. Pier. om. 
 
 1F Qy. A water skin. 
 
 * riQrj, Par. C. Aid. Mer. — Te9fjrai Svo, Leem. at Haesch. conj. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 acwvtej, vaivav ett) ra delineate an hyma turning 
 
 fo%ia <TTg£<po{/.£vyv Zcoyga- to the right; but if himself 
 
 <pou<riv' kav 3e vihco/aevov, overcome, they on the con- 
 
 avaTrahiv far) ra a^icr- trary depict one turning to 
 
 Tepa 0-TgEQofA.EVYiv £uyga- the left; for should this 
 
 Qovo-iv. earn yap haxo- animal, when pursued, turn 
 
 lAEvn, lav ett) ia h%ia to the right, it slays the pur- 
 
 (rrgaQy, avaipsT rov ha- suer, but if to the left, it is 
 
 Kovra' lav & ett) ra slain by the pursuer. 
 SigiaTEga, avatg-EjTai utzo 
 
 TOO OlUKOVTOg. 
 
 LXXII. HOW A MAN WHO PASSES FEARLESSLY THROUGH 
 THE EVILS WHICH ASSAIL HIM. 
 
 00. Yiag dvfytoTTov TragEhQovra rag ETTEVEX^Eicrag avru 
 av^cpo^ag afioCcog. 
 
 *Av§pco7Tov 7rafEh96vTa When they would denote a 
 
 Tag E7T£VEX§£i(rag ai/ru man who passes fearlessly 
 
 av^<po^ag a<p6Gcog a%pi through the evils which assail 
 
 Savarou, ^ouXq/xevoi 3V him, even until death, they 
 
 Xcotrai, Hg/ta ualvyg £00- delineate the skin of an hy- 
 
 ypa<pouo-iv. lav yag rig iENA ;f for if a man gird this 
 
 to $Egfjt,a touto TTEgi- skin about himself, and pass 
 
 * The Arabs eat the flesh of this animal to free themselves from 
 some particular illness. 
 
Gtx70\Y\Tai, tea) Tragedy through any of his enemies, 
 
 ha tivuv exQpuv, ob (m lie shall be injured by none 
 
 a^Hv^ritrsTca utto Ttvog, of them, but passes through 
 
 aXha irafyxt'va.i a(p6- fearlessly. 
 
 Qcog. 
 
 LXXITI. HOW A MAN ANNOYED BY HIS PRIVATE ENEMIES. 
 
 oy . Hcog <xv§pco7rov SiavOsvTak roTg iWoig kx^qoig. 
 
 "AvBgcoTTov havQsvTa * 
 
 vtto tuv l^tcov £%Sf ojv, KOU 
 
 (astcc Zw/Aiag (MKgag air- 
 
 aXXayevra, @ou\6/aevoi 
 
 WftfAYlvai} "hvKov £uypa<pou- 
 
 aiv, a7ToXscrocvTa. to au^ov 
 
 Trig obqag. ovTog yap (aeX- 
 ; Awi/ QngeuEo-Qai, airoQaX- 
 { tei Tag Tpix^i) km to 
 ■ aKpov Trig obpag. 
 
 * dtaOivTa, Aid. — (TiavQsvTa Par. C. Leem. 
 I make a compact with." 
 
 When they would represent 
 a man annoyed* by his private 
 enemies, and extricating him- 
 self with small loss, they por- 
 tray a WOLF WHICH HAS LOST 
 THE EXTREMITY OF HIS TAIL ; 
 
 for the wolf, when about to be 
 hunted, shoots the hairs and 
 extremity of his tail. 
 
 compelled to 
 
HOTtAPOLLO. 
 
 LXXIV. HOW A MAN WHO IS FEARFUL LEST ACCIDENTS 
 SHOULD HAPPEN UNEXPECTEDLY TO HIMSELF. 
 
 oo . TLug clvhquTrov (poGovftsvov t« ETrio-UfAfialvovTa avru ek 
 tov atpavoug. 
 
 "AvSocottov (pofioufXEVov When they would denote a 
 
 rot, ETTicru/xGaivovTa lav- man who is fearful lest acci- 
 
 Twf eh iqv cctyavoug, Gov- dents should happen unex- 
 
 "kofjLEvoi o-YtixYivcu, Xvjtov kou pectedly to himself, they de- 
 
 \lQov ^coyoatpovo-iv. ovrog pict a wolf and a stone; for 
 
 yao, oote o-ityov, ovte it fears neither iron, nor a 
 
 pa&ov (po^Eiiou, aXXcc stick, but a stone only; and 
 
 (movov Xi§ov. txfAEXEi hav indeed, if any one throw a i 
 
 rig Trgoo-pi^Yi rovra h&ov, stone at him he will find him 
 
 EvqicrHEl avrov TTToov/AE- terrified : and wherever a wolf 
 
 vov. kou o7rou <xv TrhYiyri is struck by a stone, maggots 
 
 ru xiQa b Xi/Kog, crxaXwag are engendered from the bruise. 
 ek rrjg TTKYiyyjg avaQsoEi. 
 
 LXXV. HOW A MAN CALMED BY FIRE DURING ANGER. 
 
 oe. Ucog avOguTTOv ETTt §u[/,u crci)tpgovicr§EVToc, vtto Trvpog.X 
 
 AvSpcoTTov v7ro TTufog When they would denote a 
 o-co<pgovicr8£VTa,X kou ett) man calmed by fire even du- 
 
 t avry, Al. 
 
 t Treb. igne castigatum " chastised by fire." 
 
Si/pa, SeXovte; dnhoocrat, ring anger, they portray lions 
 
 KEovragxa) o^cfiotg £uyga- and torches; for the lion 
 
 (poucriv. ovdh yccg aXKo dreads nothing so much as 
 
 (poQzirai 6 Xeuv, eog rag lighted torches, and is tamed 
 
 awififAEvag 3a3a$, koci vir by nothing so readily as by 
 
 ou$£vog ^otixtx^ETai, ug them. 
 
 V1T0 TOVTUV. 
 LXXVIi HOW A FEVERISH MAN WHO CURES HIMSELF. 
 
 or . Tleog avSguirov iTVPETrovra kou v(p savrov 
 
 SEgaTTEuQsvTa. 
 
 , "Avfyuirov irugETTovTct When they would denote a 
 
 hou b<p savTov §£pa7rsu- feverish man who cures him- 
 
 6evtoc fiouXo'/AEvoi $nhu(rcu t self, they depict a lion de- 
 
 . yJsovra Zaypupovo-i ir'i- vouring an ape; for if, when 
 
 dwov rgayovTa. ekewqc, in a fever, he devours an ape, 
 
 yap eocv irugEfy, <payuv he recovers. 
 iriQwov vyiaivEi. 
 
 LXXVII. HOW A MAN WHO BECOMES STEADY AT LAST 
 AFTER HIS FORMER EXCESSES. 
 
 o£ . TIcog avSpcoTTov vcrrspov § crcotpgovio-QEVTa, airo 
 Trig irguYiv E%u\£iag.\\ 
 
 "AvSpwsrov euro s%co- When they would denote a 
 KEiag TYig irpcow vctte^ov man who after his former 
 
 § Par. C. Aid. Mer. Pier. om. 
 
 || Treb. renders, novissima calamitate castigatum, "cbastisedby 
 a very recent calamity." 
 
134 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 crcocppovicrBsvTcc ^ouXofxsvoi excesses at length becomes 
 
 fckSaeu, Tai/^ov (coyga- steady, they portray a bull 
 
 <Pqv<T{V TTE^E^EfJLEVOV ay- BOUND ABOUT BY A WILD FIG 
 
 fioo-vicea. ourog ya% orav branch; for if when violent 
 
 ogya, $6<r/*EiTQU ccy^iQcru- he is bound with a wild fig 
 
 m hoci rifjLEfoSrai. branch, he becomes gentle. 
 
 LXXVIII. HOW A MAN WHOSE TEMPERANCE IS EASILY 
 CHANGED. 
 
 oyi. Tlcog av§gu7rov cco(p^ocriivy]V e^qvtcx, euiaetoiGmtov. 
 
 ' AvBg007TOV <TU<PpQ<TUVY\V 
 SXOVTO, ElifAETaGtolTOVj KCU 
 
 [MY] o-raQypav, (3ouh6/j,Evoi 
 O-Yifjwvou, raugov £coyga- 
 
 <p0UCTt f 7TE$l$E$EIAEV0V TO 
 
 oe^iov yovv. 7QUTQV yccg 
 kav OYHTYig tu $£%iu yovv'i 
 
 K(Xp7rQO£0~fMOVy 'KO.OOOiQ- 
 
 Xou9ovvt<x, Eu^Yiosig.^ ccsl 
 OS o raugog elg o-a<p^o<rv- 
 vw 7ra^aXa/j,CavErai f Si- 
 Cm OVOE 7T0TE TQV StjAeoj 
 ETTlQaiVEl fXETCC TY]V CTUX- 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man whose temperance 
 is easily changed and incon- 
 stant, they depict a bull with 
 
 HISRIGHTKNEEBOUNDROUND ; 
 
 for if you bind him by a fetter 
 on his right knee, you will find 
 him follow. And the bull is 
 always assumed as a symbol 
 of temperance, because it never 
 approaches the cow after con- 
 ception. 
 
 if Treb. from tovtov, sic enim non coit, *' for thus he holds no 
 intercourse." 
 
135 
 
 LXXIX. HOW A SLAYER OF SHEEP AND GOATS. 
 
 oS . Hag ctv9oco7rov 7Tpo<oa,rcov kui alycov <p$0P00lK0V.* 
 
 "Av§gu7rov TrqoQaTuv When they would symbo- 
 
 Houalyav<p9opooixov* @ou- lise a slayer of sheep and 
 
 XofMsvoi <TY\(jmva,ij aura to, goats, they portray these ani- 
 
 ^uoc y^a,(pov(Ti r^coyovra mals eating fleabane ; for 
 
 Hovu^av. tixutcc ya.% (pec- if they eat fleabane they die, 
 
 yovrcc Kovu^avj tx7ro9vYicr- being cut off by thirst. 
 
 LXXX. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN EATING. 
 
 it . IIa5f oivO^coTTov Tgwyovra, onhoucriv. 
 
 "AvfyuTTQV Tfcoyovra, When they would symbo- 
 
 @qux6/aevoi <ry][Awa,i, k^o- lise a man eating, they depict 
 
 Ho^tiXov &y$a,<pou<Tiv, s- a crocodile with his mouth 
 
 XOvtoc, to 0-To/j.a, ccviay- open ; for he 
 
 fjbhov. ourog yccgi 
 
 * (pBopiKov, Vat. Leem. 
 t Treb. ora, from ovrog. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 LXXXI. HOW THEY DENOTE A RAPACIOUS AND INACTIVE 
 
 MAN. 
 
 ttcc. Hug a^7rayoc avfycmov xai \ avEVEgyyrov a-y]jj.aivov<Tiv. 
 
 "Ap7rayaav^co7rovKaiX When they would denote a 
 
 avEvspyyirovfiouXo/AEvoi <ty\- rapacious and inactive man, 
 (/.yvaij K%oKo$EiXov exovto. they portray a crocodile with 
 
 l'@ECOg TTTifiv ETt) Trj$ HE- THE AVING OF AN IBIS ON HIS 
 
 (pa^ri^coy^aipOL'ai.TOL/rou head; for if you touch him 
 yag lav i'@Ecog ttte^co hi- with the wing of an Ibis you 
 yy$ 9 (zkIwtqv aurov § ev- will find him motionless. 
 
 $Y)G-£l$. 
 
 LXXXII. HOW A WOMAN THAT HAS BROUGHT FORTH 
 ONCE. 
 
 7T0. Hag yuvcciKcz yEvvyxrtxcruv asKa£, 
 
 YvvouKtx yEvvrja-acrav When they would symbo- 
 
 ct7ra% fiouXofAEVoi an/xv- lise a woman that has brought 
 
 vat, \saivav £ay gapoucnv. forth once, they depict a lio- 
 
 avrn ya$ (tig ou kvictkei. ness ; for she never conceives 
 
 twice. 
 
 \ Par. A. B. C. Leem. om. 
 § Aid. Mer. Pier. Leem. om. 
 
LXXXIII. HOW A MAN WHO IS AT FIRST DEFORMED. 
 
 Try. Hug ccvQputtov yEwr^Evra Kara, rr\v apxwv a/jLO^ov. 
 
 "AvSpcoTrov afxo^<pov 
 ysvvYjOsvra Kara ry\v ap- 
 XW) varspov tie (ao^Qu- 
 Qsvra @ou\6/j.evoi cryf/yvai, 
 cigKrov kyKVjjLQVova-av £oj- 
 y^aCpovaiv. abrrj yag al- 
 fxa crvvs7r^afjLixsvov Kai 
 TTETryyog riKrEi, vcrra^ov 
 tie rovro SahTToiAevov zv 
 roig loioig /xvi^oTg ttarv- 
 Trooraij Kai t>i yXuacry] 
 XeiXO/aevov reXeioi/rat. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man born deformed at 
 first, but that has afterwards 
 acquired his proper shape, 
 they delineate a pregnant 
 bear, for it brings forth (a 
 mass of) thick and condensed 
 blood, which is afterwards 
 endued with life by being 
 warmed between its thighs, 
 and perfected by being licked 
 with its tongue. 
 
 LXXXIV. HOW A POWERFUL MAN, AND ONE THAT 
 DISCERNS WHAT THINGS ARE RIGHT. 
 
 no . IIa;$ av9pco7rov Icrxugov, Kai rcov crufAtpEgovrav ocrtpqav- 
 riKOv. 
 
 "AvSfcoTrov i<Txvfov,xa\ When they would symbo- 
 
 rav <Tvix(pE^ovrm ba(p^av- lise a powerful man, and one 
 
 riKov @ouk6/j.evoi o-Yijxyvai, that discerns what things are 
 
 sKstpavra £ooypa<pou<riv, right,they depict an elephant 
 
138 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 txfiVTa tyiv TTpofioaKid'a. with a trunk ; for with this 
 
 sfcsTvog yag rauryi 6a(p^ai- he discerns by smelling, and 
 
 vsrai, Ktxi nparsT rav overcomes all obstacles. 
 TrfotrmwrovTw. 
 
 LXXXV. HOW A KING THAT FLEES FROM FOLLY AND 
 
 INTEMPERANCE. 
 
 ttL n<y£ civ9po7rov QcurihEcc (pEvyovia [Aooglav kgu aQpotrumv* 
 
 "AvSpuTrov @ao-i\Ea When they would symbo- 
 
 (psuyovTa /wglav koli lise a king that flees from 
 
 aipgocruvYiv (3oux6/j.evoi an- folly and intemperance, they 
 
 imvai, £Xe<pavTa* aou delineate an elephant and 
 
 jtpiov ZwyqaQoucriv. eheTvo; a ram ; for he flees at the 
 
 yag Beco^uvtov xgibv $eu- sight of a ram. 
 yEi. 
 
 lxxxvi. how a king that flees from a trifler. 
 
 ttt . Tlcog QotcriXEa (pEi/yovToc (pKua^ov av9pco7rov. 
 
 BccuiXEa (pEuyovra When they would symbo- 
 
 (phva^ov avfyuirov QoVho- lise a king that flees from a 
 
 * Treb. cervum " a stag." 
 
(aevoi o-yfAyvat, EXspavTa trifler, they depict an ele- 
 
 £uyi>a<pou<ri (aetu x o>l p ov - PHANT with a hog ; for lie 
 
 EKtivog yap anouav (pwrig flees upon hearing the voice 
 
 Xolfou, Qevyei. of the hog. 
 
 LXXXVII. HOW A MAN THAT IS QUICK IN HIS MOVE- 
 MENTS, BUT WHO MOVES IMPRUDENTLY AND INCON- 
 SIDERATELY. 
 
 7r£ '. Hug av9pci)7rov q%uv fxlv Kara, ryv hivy\<tiv, acrHE7TTug 
 $e na) avowrcos kivou/xevov. 
 
 "AvSgcoTrov o£vv fjLEV When they would symbo- 
 
 nara ty]v kivyijiv, acrHSTr- lise a man that is quick in his 
 
 rag ds na) avoyroog mvov- movements, but who moves 
 
 fAEvov @oux6fAEvoi o-Yiftyvai , without prudence and con- 
 
 EXaQovKaiExidvavZcoyfa- sideration, they portray a 
 
 (poucriv. ehelvyi yag bpucra stag and a viper ; for she 
 
 rrjv Exifoav, (psuysi. flees at the sight of the viper. 
 
 LXXXVIII. HOW A MAN THAT IS PROVIDING HIS OWN 
 TOMB. 
 
 tty\. Hag av9pco7rov TT^ovoovfMEVov rr\g i^iag ra<prjg. 
 
 "AvOouttov TrpovooufjLEvov When they would symbo- 
 ls l^iag rapyig H (3ouXo- lise a man that is providing 
 
 f Mer. Pier, Causs. Leem. Treb. F.— Tpotpijg, A.1. 
 
140 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 (jisvoi crn/Arivotij sK£<pavTa* his own tomb, they depict an 
 
 ^uygOtipooCTl KOCTOpi/TTOV- ELEPHANT burying its own 
 
 t« roug iWoug odovrag. teeth ; for when his teeth 
 rouToug yag Trstrovrag fall out, he takes them up and 
 Aa|3wv Hocro^uTrei.f buries them. 
 
 LXXXIX. HOW A MAN THAT HAS LIVED TO A PROPER 
 AGE. 
 
 7T& , Yioog avSguTrov fyaavTa teXeiqv jS/oi 
 
 TEAE/OV jS/oV 6£X0VT£g SlJ- 
 Kooacci, KOfUVYlV <X7T0§a- 
 
 vou<T<xv% £uypa(pou(riv. <zb- 
 rn yap £y Exarbv etyi 
 nar AlyuTTTiovg. rb os 
 'etos KtXT Aiyi/TTTioug 
 TE<T<ragcov EviavTcov. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man that has lived to 
 a proper age, they depict a 
 dying crow ; for she lives an 
 hundred years according to 
 the Egyptians; and a year 
 among the Egyptians consists 
 of four (of our) years. 
 
 * Treb. cervura. 
 
 t Aid. Mer. Causs. Pier. Leem. Treb. F. — iKtlvog yap orav 
 idt], tovq iSiovg oOovrag TriTTTOVTag, KaradpaTTirai tovtuv Kai 
 
 TOVTOVQ SpVTTEl, Al. 
 
 $ Treb. om. 
 
XC. HOW A MAN WHO CONCEALS HIS DEPRAVITY WITHIN 
 HIMSELF. 
 
 4 . Hug dvQocoTrov h eauTu h^utttovto. xaxlatv. 
 
 AvQooottov £/x(pcoXeuov- 
 
 TOC EaUTW HtXKiaV, HCCl 
 
 aTTOKpuTTTovTa iawrov, 
 axTTE /Ay yvcocrSvivai roig 
 i$loig y SsXovTsg 0-vfAyva.t, 
 TrdftaXiv ^coygatpouaiv. 
 avTvi yap xgutpa roc £ua 
 SypEUEi, [A,y\ auyx u (?ov(r<x 
 tijv Idlav oo-fjwv § atpiEvaiy 
 uaTccoicoHTiKriv ovaav tuv 
 aXXuv £couv. 
 
 When they would denote a 
 man who conceals his depra- 
 vity within himself, and hides 
 himself so as not to be known 
 by his own friends and family, 
 they depict a panther ; for it 
 secretly pursues the beasts, 
 not suffering its scent to es- 
 cape, which is [a hindrance 
 in the pursuit ?] of other ani- 
 mals. 
 
 XCI. HOW A MAN DECEIVED BY FLATTERY. 
 
 4a'. Hug txv9gco7rov £%ct7rxTU(AEVov hoc KoXauEiag. 
 
 "Av^uttov E^ccTrara- When they would symbo- 
 
 Ixevov foot KohaKEiag @ou- lise a man deceived by flat- 
 
 ho(j.Evoi oyifjwvou, sXaipov tery, they represent a stag 
 
 (JLETCX, ab\Y\T0V avfyuTTOU AND A MAN PLAYING ON A 
 
 ^uyqaQouaiv. ocutyi ya,$ pipe ; for she is caught while 
 
 i bpfiriv, Aid. Mer. Pier. Treb. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 SyfEUETat ScKovoucra Yi^sa listening to the sweet breath- 
 cry^ o^ara afrovvw, cog ings of the singers as she 
 jiaraHYiXE'ia&ai utto 'trig stands entranced in pleasure. 
 YjOOViig. 
 
 XCII. HOW THE PRESAGE OF A PLENTIFUL VINTAGE. 
 
 ^>0. Tlco; TTpoyvatriv Ei/Jtagmag olvov. 
 
 Hgoyvaxriv Eutta^Trlag When they would symbo- 
 
 olvov @QuKo(jt.Evoi (rr\(Ayvou y lise the presage of a plentiful 
 
 ETTOTra, %ayqa(pQu<nv.EKE'i- vintage, they depict the hou- 
 
 vog yag kav Trpo too naigov poo ; for if this bird sings 
 
 ruv aiATTEXwv || KgaZn, [moans ?] before the season 
 
 Evoiviav <rYifjt,atv£i. of the vines, it is a sign of a 
 good vintage. 
 
 XCIII. HOW A MAN HAVING RECEIVED INJURY FROM 
 THE GRAPE. 
 
 hy. Yicog clv9gco7rov utto <xra,(pvMg fiXaGsvTa. 
 
 *Av8fco7rov utto crra- When they would symbo- 
 
 tpuXyjg fixaCEvra, tea) lav- lise a man that is injured by 
 
 tov SzqtxTTEvovTa^ $ou- the grape and cures himself, 
 
 x6[mevoi <TY\[jiyvai f ettottcx. they depict a houpoo and 
 
 || Par B. Leem. insert 7ro\\a. 
 
 1" 7repio8tvovTa, Par A. B. in margin. 
 
BOOK II, 143 
 
 fyypaipouo-i, koli ctdiavTov the herb adiantum (maiden- 
 
 tyiv @qto.vy\v. qvtoc, yaq hair) ; for when injured by the 
 
 fihaGeit; L/7TQ (TToapuAYig, grape, if he places a piece of 
 
 afriavrov cc7roTL§£fAEvog tig adiantum in his mouth he is 
 
 to locvrou crro/ma, tts^io- healed. 
 osusrai. 
 
 HOW A MAN THAT GUARDS HIMSELF FROM THE 
 PLOTS OF HIS ENEMIES. 
 
 4o . Il<y£ avSgcoTTOv saurov (pu^arrovra cctto sTTi^ouXrig 
 
 "AvQpC07TOV OC7T0 ETTlCoU- 
 
 Xrig sx8puv stxurov <puXa,T- 
 Tovra ^ouXofXEvoi crr}/j,yvai, 
 yegavov yfyyogovcrav £co- 
 y^atpoocnv. avrai yap 
 laurdg (puXaaa-oua-t ypr\- 
 yoqouaai tear op^ivov Iv 
 TracrYi rrj VUKTl. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man that guards himself 
 from the plots of his enemies? 
 they depict a crane on the 
 watch ; for these birds guard 
 themselves by watching in 
 turns during the whole night. 
 
 Thoth, who was always considered as a guardian of the 
 land. 
 
144 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 XCV. QUOMODO PJEDICATIONEM. 
 
 4s. Hag 7rai$EcoLaTiav. 
 
 Tlai^epaa-Tiav @ouXo- Psedicationem designantes, 
 
 (Msvoi cryfwvou, duo weq- geminas perdices pingunt : j 
 
 hxag ^aygatpouiriv. exeTvoi quse cum viduse sunt, se in- 
 
 yag ETrav xn^ixTucnV) vicem abutuntur. 
 sauroTg awrojcExgwrrat. 
 
 XCVI. HOW AN OLD MAN DYING OF HUNGER. 
 
 4r . Hag ysgovra vtiq Xi/aou a7ro9avovra. 
 
 Ts^ovra u7ro Xl/aou When they would symbo- 
 
 aTToQavovra Oshovreg 5>j- Use an old man dying of hun- 
 
 Xcotrai, tzETov Sc.7r0KEH.afA,- ger, they delineate an eagle 
 
 /xevov exovto. to pa/j,(pog with his beak extremely 
 
 Zaygapoucriv. kxsivog yap hooked ; for as he grows old 
 
 ynpaa-Huv, a7T0Ka/x7rr£- his beak becomes extremely 
 
 rai to pa/x<pog aurov, hooked, and he dies of hun- 
 
 xa\ ?n/j.cp aTToQvwKEi. ger. 
 
 XCVII. HOW A MAN LIVING PERPETUALLY IN MOTION, 
 AND AGITATION OF MIND. 
 
 ${?. Hug avSpwTTov as) * kv xivy)0~ei xa) §u/au hayovra. 
 
 "AvSqwzov o\e\ ev team- When they would symbo- 
 o~ei xai Su/au oiayovTa f lise a man living perpetually 
 * Al. om. 
 

 KOCl //VJT£ EV TU TgEtyECT- 
 
 6ai y\av%aKovi:<x @ouXo- 
 
 flEVOl (TYlfJiYIVai, HODOOVYig 
 
 VEOccroug f £uypa<pouo~iv. 
 aurn yap iTTTa/XEvn tpe<Pei 
 roug VEoa-croug. 
 
 
 X)K ii. 145 
 
 in motion, and agitation of 
 mind, and not even remaining 
 quiet during meals, they de- 
 pict THE YOUNG ONES OF A 
 
 crow [a crow with its young] ; 
 for whilst she flies she feeds 
 her young. 
 
 XCVIII. HOW A MAN SKILLED IN CELESTIAL MATTERS. 
 
 4>7. Tlag oLvSpcottov eloora roc juetecoooc. 
 
 "AvSpcottov Et^oTtx ia When they would symbo- 
 
 fXETEOdooc SeKovte; (TY\(Ay- lise a man skilled in celestial 
 
 vcxi } yspctvov iTrrafXEvov matters, they depict a crane 
 
 £coyox(poucriv. ejceivos yap flying ; for she always flies 
 
 ujsYihcog Travv '{marai, very high, to inspect the clouds 
 
 ha §Ea<TnT<xt tcc vE(py, lest they send forth a storm, 
 
 (ayi cxoa %ei|Kaf>j, 'Iva ev that she may remain in quiet. 
 
 YI<TVXl& $1<X(J(.EVY\.X 
 
 The Ibis denotes Thoth, who was the Egyptian inventor 
 of astronomy . 
 
 t De Pauw sug. and Treb. reads icopwvnv vtoaaolq, a crow with 
 its young. 
 
 | Treb. heec enim ita alte advolat, ut nubes videat et tangat, " for 
 it flies so high that it inspects and touches the clouds." 
 
HO R APOLLO, 
 
 XCIX. HOW A MAN WHO THROUGH WANT DISMISSES HIS 
 OWN CHILDREN. 
 
 W, IIwj oivSgcoTrov a7rortxia.^evov to, ttiia tehvoc til aTrogiav, i 
 
 (AEV0V% TCfc ttiia TEKVOL til 
 (ZTTO^iaV @QV\6fJLEV0l <TY][AYl- 
 
 vai, Ispouia || kyjiVfAOva 
 Zcoygctpooa-iv. ekeHvo; yag 
 rmrav rpia wa, to ev 
 [aovqv STTiXsysrai not rps- 
 <psi, rot' til a\f\a tiuo K"ha. 
 
 T0OT0 tie TTOlEl, tilOL TO 
 
 xar ekeivqv rov xpovov 
 
 TQVg QWX&$ OC7[OXKVEIV,% 
 
 tea) evteuQev [ay\ tiuvacrQai 
 
 T« Tgia @gE<pYI T^EtpElV. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man who through want 
 dismisses his own children, 
 they portray a hawk with 
 egg ; for though she lays 
 three eggs, she hatches and 
 brings up but one, and breaks 
 the other two : and she does 
 this on account of the loss of 
 her claws at that season, being 
 for that reason unable to 
 bring up all three young ones. 
 
 § a7ro7reixtpdfjLsvov, Par B. and Par A. in margin. 
 
 || Aquilam, Treb. 
 
 % a7ro(3dX\£iv, Par B. and Par A. in margin. Leem. 
 
C. HOW A MAN WHO IS TARDY IN MOVING WITH HIS 
 FEET. 
 
 P . Tlcog avQpomov okvouvtoi ryv dice tcov Troticov hivwlv 
 womo-Qai, 
 
 "AvfyttTTOV oHvovvTa When they would symbo- 
 
 tyjv oia rcov 7ro$av nivwiv lise a man who is tardy in 
 
 TroizioSai ^ouXo^evoi cry]- moving with his feet, they 
 
 (jmvai Ktz/AYiXov ypa<pou- delineate a camel ; for this is 
 
 o~iV sHsivn yap /jlqvyi roov the only animal which bends 
 
 aXKcov Zcouv tov /j,wpqv the thigh, whence it is called 
 
 ua/ATTTsi, oio hou h(X[xy\- KafxrjXoQ, a camel. 
 Acs* Xsysrai. 
 
 CI. HOW A MAN WHO IS IMPUDENT AND QUICK-SIGHTED. 
 
 pa. Yloog av9poo7rov avauft kou Kara, rr)v opaaiv 6%uv. 
 
 "AvSpcottov Stvcudv, nai When they would symbo- 
 Hara rr)v ooacriv of vv Se- lise a man who is impudent 
 
 It is a singular fact, that in a country like Egypt, where 
 Camels must have been abundant, there is no known 
 instance of a Camel among the existing sculptures, 
 hieroglyphics, or paintings. Bonomi. 
 
 * icdfinpoQ, Al. 
 
148 
 
 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 Xovrsg SvXcoo-ai, ficnoa- and quicksighted, they depict 
 
 Xov yoaQovaiv. ouTog yap a frog ; for it has no blood 
 
 al/xa ovk £X £L t £t ' (w ' £V except in the eyes alone, and 
 
 ftovoig roTg o<p8a\/jt.o7g. they call those who have blood 
 
 roug 3e EKEtoufjux, sxovrag, in those parts impudent : and 
 
 ocvaufetg xahovcrtv, ho kou hence the poet sings, "Drunk- 
 
 b HoiviTYig' OlvoQaosg, ard with eyes of dog and heart 
 
 Kvvog ofjLfidT BxaVf noa- of stag." 
 Myiv $' sXatpoio. 
 
 CII. HOW A MAN UNABLE TO MOVE HIMSELF. 
 
 g0. Tlcog oiv9§co7rov (m duvYjQevTa xivsTo-Qai. 
 
 "AvQguTTov ttoXuv %%q- When they would symbo- 
 
 vov fMY\ $uvyiQevt<z kive7o~- lise a man who for a long 
 
 6ai f uo-TEgov tie kivyiQsvtcx time is unable to move himself 
 
 roTg TToai, @qu\o(azvoi cm- but who afterwards moves 
 
 (jwvou, @arpaxov exovtoc with his feet, they depict a 
 
 roug oTTicrQlovg Tro'dag £co- frog having its hind feet; 
 
 yoatpouaiv. EKsTvog yap for it is born without feet, but 
 
 y swarm aTtovg, ucttepov subsequently as it grows ac- 
 
 b*Eau2av6(jL£vo$, 7rpocrXa/x- quires its hind feet. 
 Cavsi roug Q7ri<r9ioug.t 
 
 t Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Gauss. Leem. — irporfpov, Al 
 $ Treb. om. 
 
CIII. HOW A MAN HOSTILE TO ALL. 
 py . Hug avBpUTTOV TTavruv EX^POV. 
 
 "AvSpcottov TTccvTav l%- When they would symbo- 
 
 Qpov na\ a7T£crx,oiVLcrfA£- lise a man that is hostile to, 
 
 vov SsXovTsg <rYi(Jwvai,\ ey- and secluded from, all men, 
 
 %sAw ZaygaQouo-iv. ainn they depict an eel ; for it is 
 
 yap oitdev) tm lyfivw found associating with no other 
 
 <TUVEVPKTHETai. 
 
 fishes. 
 
 HOW A MAN WHO SAVES MANY IN THE SEA. 
 
 TLcog avOpavrov cra^ovra TroXKoug iv QaXacraYi. 
 
 "AvQpojttov <ra£ovra, When they would symbo- 
 
 7roXXoug ev StiXacrcrn §e- lise a man who saves many 
 
 XoviEg (TYifjcnvai, vocpkwv in the sea, they depict the 
 
 rov IxQuv Zuyptxtpouaiv. torpedo fish ; for this, when 
 
 ai/TYi yap orav tty roug it perceives a number of fishes 
 
 TToXkoug ruv IxQuuv fxh unable to swim, draws them 
 
 SuvapEvoug KoXu(Al3av,o-uK- to itself and preserves them. 
 "hafxQavEi 7rpog eolutyiv 
 
 Ha) (TCU^EU 
 
 § (h/Xwcai, Al. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 GV. HOW A MAN THAT WASTEFULLY CONSUMES BOTH 
 THINGS THAT ARE REQUISITE AND THINGS THAT ARE 
 NOT. 
 
 gs. Hag avfy'COTrov, rot %%y\(riyux hcu to. oixgwTct Ktxnag 
 
 avnXazora. 
 
 "AvSgcoTTov ra xpncri- 
 y,a uai ret axyrwitx koc- 
 Kag avvXauoTtx ^ovXo/ae- 
 voi c7Y\(XY\vai y 7roXv7ro$a 
 Z,ay qatpovcriv. EKEivog yaq 
 ttoXXoc. kou acrarag kcrSiav, 
 Tra^ar lesion rrw rpotpriv 
 slg rug SocXctfAag, Ktxi 
 brav avaXaay to. %%v[cn- 
 (xa, tote ra || ckx^ra, 
 ekQixKKei. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man that wastefully 
 consumes both things that are 
 requisite and useless, they 
 delineate a polypus; for after 
 eating much and extravagant- 
 ly, it lays by food in its holes, 
 and when it has consumed 
 that which is useful, it then 
 throws away that which is 
 useless. 
 
 CVI. HOW A MAN THE RULER OF HIS TRIBE. 
 
 pr . Hag avQgw7rov rav bfio(pvXav K^arscravra. 
 
 "AvSgavrov. ruv b/xopu- When they would symbo- 
 
 Xav Hpurwavra @ou\o- lise a man the ruler of his 
 
 Par B. Leem.- Par A. om.—icai, Al. 
 
(/.£ voi (TYifjivivai, napaQov tribe, they depict a crayfish 
 
 hoi <7ro7\u7ro$a. ^uypa<pou- and a polypus; for he rules 
 
 civ. ourog yap rovg tto- over the polypi, and holds the 
 
 "kvirobag If xgareT, xca ra chief place among them. 
 
 ttpcoteTcz tpspEt. 
 
 
 CVII. HOW A MAN WHO IS MARRIED TO A WOMAN. 
 
 o£ . Hag avopa cu^vy^skviot. yuvauti. 
 
 "Avfya au^Eux^vToc When they would symbo- 
 
 yuvauti octto ttpcotyis fai- lise a man who is married to 
 
 mag, h y ir£%0>?-crai/,* a woman from their very in- 
 
 @ouXo(xsvoi aY\fjur\voci, tt'iv- fancy wherein they were 
 
 vag hyKvoug ^uyoaQoucriv. born, they depict pregnant 
 
 alrou yao ysvva/xsvai h pinNjE ; for these when pro- 
 
 va Koy%a y fXEta naiPov duced within the shell, after a 
 
 Sxiyov cru&uywvTai ax- short time are joined with one 
 
 xfaaig svdov too xoyxou. another, even within the shell. 
 
 CV1II. HOW A MAN THAT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR 
 HIMSELF. 
 
 pv\. Ylag av&Pco7rov /xyj TTPOvooufxsvov 'eauToi/. 
 
 Tlarepa, f n avtya- When they would symbo- 
 
 ttqv (W 7rcovooufXEvov lav- lise a father, or a man who 
 
 ^ De Pauw sug\ tovq Kapdj3ovg. 
 * Par A. B. Leem. — IrtxO'h Al. 
 
 f Tveb. cm. 
 
152 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 rov, aXX vtto tw oIxeicov does not provide for himself, 
 
 7roovoovfXEvov SeXovtes ay- but is provided for by his do- 
 
 fjwvai, TTivvocv kou naoKi- mestics, they depict a pinna 
 
 vqv Zcoygapoucnv. ourog and a crayfish ; for this 
 
 yao o naomvog /xevei he- crayfish remains adhering to 
 
 HoXXn/xsvog in aapm rrjg the flesh of the pinna, and is 
 
 tt'ivvyis, kou kuXeitou ttiv- called pinnophylax (protector 
 
 vo<puXa%, axoXouQcog rw of the pinna), and acts agree- 
 
 ovofxari. r\ ouv nivva hoXou ably with its name. For the 
 
 hexvvev ev tu noyx? 7r£i ~ pinna when hungry always 
 
 vara, or ay ouv abryg ke- opens her shell, and when, 
 
 Xyvulag TragEto-ExQri <%£y- whilst she lies gaping, any 
 
 cfiov Ti y o 7rivvo<pu\a,% 1$(xk- little fish comes within it, the 
 
 vei ty) %y\M Try 7rlvvav, y} pinnophylax pinches the pinna 
 
 ds txicr^ojULEvn Ha.TafA.uEi with its claw, which when the 
 
 rov Koyx ov > ^ ourcog pinna perceives, she closes 
 
 KuvriyETE'iTo ix§vhov. her shell, and thus catches the 
 little fish. 
 
 C1X. HOW A MAN ADDICTED TO GLUTTONY. 
 
 ft'. Hug av§gco7rov Xa.fj.Eiay Exovra.% 
 
 "AvQfco7rov Xa/AEiav e- When they would symbo- 
 
 Xovra fiouXofjEvoi <jr\fxv\- hse a man addicted to glut- 
 vai, jKa^ov £ooypa<poi/cnv. tony, they delineate a char- 
 
 | Treb. om. chap. 109. 
 
ourog yap fxovog rav /%- FISH ; for this is the only tish 
 
 9uoov /xapuxarai, Koti TTccv- which ruminates, and eats all 
 
 ra ra TrpoaTriicrovra the little fishes which fall in 
 
 ■g&J&a e<t§iei. its way. 
 
 CX. HOW A MAN THAT VOMITS UP HIS FOOD. 
 
 pi. Hug avQpooTrov rr\v saurou r^oQriv sixouvra. 
 
 "AvSpcottqv i/xouvra When they would symbo- 
 
 rriv i$iav rgotpriv, tea) ttcc- lise a man that vomits up his 
 
 Xtv aTTT^narug E&Qiovra, food, and again eats insatia- 
 
 @ov7<.6ijlevoi o-Yi/jyvou, ha- bhj, they depict a seaweasel; 
 
 Xiov^yateov Zcoygapoucriv. for it brings forth through its 
 
 ourog yap kuei /jlev foa mouth, and drinks in the seed 
 
 rou o-TOfAccrog, vy\%oyt.Evog whilst swimming. 
 $s HaraiTrmi rov yovov. 
 
 CXI. HOW A MAN THAT HAS COMMERCE WITH PERSONS 
 OF ANOTHER TRIBE. 
 
 pia. Hug avQpomov avOpavruv \\ aXXotpuhav %cuu.evqv /xi^ei. 
 
 "AvQpu7rov avQpcoTTcov || When they would symbo- 
 
 XPco/j,evov fjt,i£,Ei aKhotpu- lise a man that has commerce 
 Xcov fiouXojAEVQi o-vjAYivaci, with persons of another tribe , 
 
 § twdpov, Al. 
 
 II Par A. C. Leem. om. 
 
154 HORAPOLLO. 
 
 IMi/fouvav lyjuv geoyfa- they depict the lamprey ; 
 
 (poiiuiv. aiiTYi yap eh §a- because it ascends out of the 
 
 XaacTYis avaGatvoucra, roig sea, and has commerce with 
 
 lyjtdi (AiyvuTai, xou ev- the vipers, and straightway 
 
 Seoqs elg rr]v ^khaaaav returns to the sea. 
 
 CXII. HOW A MAN PUNISHED FOR MURDER. 
 
 pi0 '. Tlug av§pco7rov e7Tl <p6vco KO'htxaQsvTa. 
 
 "Avfyomov Im <p6va When they would symbo- 
 
 HO'hxo-Qk'vTiz, nai fA£T<xfj<,£- lise a man punished for mur- 
 
 TwQEVTa fiouXofAEVoi <m(jaj- der and repenting, they depict 
 
 vaif Tgvyova WEpiwETrte- a partinaca (a fish with a 
 
 y/A.ivYiv ayjtla-Tfa &y$a~. sting in its tail,) caught on 
 
 <pov<nv. auTYi ya§ uaraa- a hook ; for when caught it 
 
 X^a-iXj piwTEi tyiv ev ry casts away the sting in its 
 
 obpa oitiavQav. tail. 
 
 cxiii. how a man that eats unsparingly of 
 another's substance. 
 
 oiy '. Hug ccvfyomov Sup'sidug xarecrQlovTa ia ahhOTPia.^ 
 
 "Av9pu7rov a$Ei$ugxa- When they would symbo- 
 
 tepSiovtcc tu ccXXoT^La, lise a man that eats unspar- 
 
 f Par C. om. 
 
na) utTTEgov uaravnXcouo- ingly of another s substance, 
 
 roc. ra i'dta, (3ouXo/aevoi o:nd afterwards consumes his 
 
 ayiu,Yivai, 7roXu7ro$a <>co- own, they depict a polypus; 
 
 yga<pov<riv. EHstvog yap f° r > ^ he be in want of food 
 
 kav aTro^ria-rj Tgopyjg Tyjg from other things, he eats his 
 
 avro axxuvj Tag idlag own feelers. 
 7rteKTava$ eoSiei. 
 
 CXIV. HOW A MAN THAT IS EAGER AFTER GOOD. 
 ffO . Hu$ CCv9gU7rOV km KOOm OffAYtfrCCVTa. 
 
 "Avtyamov eft) uaTsw When they would symbo- 
 og/ArKTccvTcc, na) avr\ too- lise a man that is eager for 
 rou nana TTEPiTTEaovTa, good, and who instead of it 
 ^ovXofXEvoi trYifMvai, an- falls into evil, they portray a 
 Triav fyypctfpovcrcv. avTn cuttlefish; for this fish if 
 yap kav ton Tiva @ou\6- it see any other longing to 
 (jlevov av^nv Qnpaaai, catch it, ejects a black liquid 
 from its belly into the water, 
 so that by these means it is 
 no longer visible, and thus 
 escapes. 
 
 TTPOiETat Eig to vocop eh 
 Tvjg HOixiag to /j.sXav, 
 
 UO~TE EH TOVTOV f/.Y]HETl 
 aVTYCJ $XE7TE0-QaL, Ha) 
 
 outco SiatpEuyEi. 
 
IIORAPOLLO. 
 
 CXV. HOW A PROLIFIC MAN. 
 
 pie. Hag av9pco7rov yoviftov. 
 
 ' AvSpttTTOV yOVlfXQV @ou- 
 
 KofAsvoi (TYifjtyvai, arpou- 
 9iov TTVpyirw * Zcoypa- 
 <pouo~iv. ovrog yap utto 
 opyrjg a/j.ETpou f km tto- 
 Kuo-TTsp/xiag ox><>ovpt,EVog ? 
 BTrrcxHig [xiyvurai rrj Qv- 
 \Eia, sv ixia. copa f aOpoug 
 crTTEP/xoavoov. 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a prolific man, they de- 
 pict the house-sparrow ; hie 
 enim immodica ira et copia 
 seminis ductus septies in hora 
 foeminam init copiosum semen 
 effutiens. 
 
 how a man that is constant, and uniformly 
 tempered. 
 
 piT -. Hug OtvQpCOTTOV aUV0%Ea Kai EVCOTIKOV. 
 
 "AvSpOOTTQV <TUV0X£OL 
 
 XtXl EVUTIKQV fiouhO/XEVOl 
 
 awfjunvai, Xupccv £ooypa- 
 tyovenv. airy] yap ctuve- 
 XEiav (pv'haTTEi rav Ictioov 
 tipou/xarcov.f 
 
 When they would symbo- 
 lise a man that is constant, 
 and uniformly tempered, they 
 depict a lyre ; for it preserves 
 the continuity of its notes. 
 
 * Pur A. B. C. Treb. Aid. Mer. Causs. — 7rvpiTi)v, Al. 
 
 t icpovaii&rojv, Al. 
 
157 
 
 CXVlI. HOW A MAN PREVIOUSLY DERANGED IN HIS 
 INTELLECTS, BUT AFTERWARDS BECOMING SANE. 
 
 toi£ Hug olvOpcottov 7raKai [aev a,7T0TTavTa tuv idiuv vor\- 
 (xcctcoVj ucttepov o'e ysyovora Trjg lavro'v ippovviJEcog. 
 
 "AvQpco7tov na^ai ph When they would symbo- 
 
 curco-ravTa tuv Idiav von- Hse a man previously de- 
 
 /aoltcov, ikttepov <$£ rng ranged in his intellects, but 
 
 eauTou yey ovotcc tyoovn- afterwards becoming sane, 
 
 o-Eug, xau ra%iv ETrayx- and bringing a degree of re- 
 
 yovra rn laurou £con @ov- gularity into his life, they 
 
 hofAEVoi o-Yifxnvai, aupiyya depict a syrinx; for it is 
 
 ypatpovaiv. aurn yccp soothing, and calls to remern- 
 
 ETTio-rpETTTiKn sctti, kou brance things that have been 
 
 itva/AVYio-Tixvi rav xarcc- pleasurably done ; and it pro- 
 
 Sufuag TTETTPay/xsvav au- duces a very regulated sound. 
 ru, xati /xaMcncc TErocy- 
 /jlevov EHTEXoL/o-a (p9cyyov. 
 
HORAPOLLO. 
 
 C XVIII. HOW A MAN WHO DISTRIBUTES JUSTICE 
 IMPARTIALLY TO ALL. 
 
 gty. Ucog avQgcoTTov t<rco<; Traai to friHcuov aTTOVEfMovra.. 
 
 "AvQgcoTTov tews 7ra<ri When they would symbo- 
 
 ro d'maiov ScTrov'sfMovja lise a man who distributes 
 
 $ou7iOfAEvoi<Tvi(A,rivai f (rT^ov' justice impartially to all, 
 
 OoHizfjLYitov TTTsqov yga- they depict the feather of 
 
 (povcri. tovto yap to ^uqv an ostrich ; for this bird has 
 
 TravTaxoQsv i<ra 'i%zi ra the feathers of its wings equal 
 
 TTTEpuyco/juzra Tra^a J on every side, beyond all other 
 
 tuv aTdwv. birds. 
 
 Tme, the goddess of Justice; the Themis of the Greeks. 
 Justice is denoted by the ostrich's feather ; with which 
 the head of the goddess is ornamented. 
 
 | Par A. B. Leem. insert ra. 
 
CXIX. HOW A MAN THAT IS FOND OF BUILDING. 
 
 pj$'. Hug avSpuTTGV £>jAofcT;W^v.§ 
 
 "Avdgamov <pitoKTi<TTYiv% When they would symbo- 
 
 (3ouh6/x£voi crwfjwvai, x £ ^ a nse a man that is fond of 
 
 avfyumouypaQouo-iv.auTYi building, they delineate a 
 
 yag ttoisi ttuvtcc t<x man's hand ; for it performs 
 
 fiTia-/xara.\\ all works. 
 
 A Hand signifies a hand, also the letters T, Th, or Z>. 
 
 § Treb. laboriosum. 
 || Treb opera. 
 
 ^ £l^a.7roXhavog NsiXooou h^oyXv^iKuv nreXog. 
 
 THE END OF THE HIEROGLYPHICS OF IIORAPOLLO NILOUS. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 The Frontispiece is a Ptolemaic doorway, 
 with the supreme god, Ammon, upon its piers, 
 holding in one hand the staff of power, and in the 
 other the emblem of life. The sacred symbol of 
 the Winged Globe and Serpent is upon the archi- 
 trave : and a continuous row of serpents forms an 
 attic above the cornice. The symbol in the centre 
 signifies " Hieroglyphics." 
 
APFENDIX. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 Fig. I. is a representation of the god Atmou 
 surrounded by a serpent with his tail in his mouth, 
 and is given by Dr. Leemans in illustration of book 
 I. chapter 2. 
 
 II. Is an illustration of the same chapter; it 
 occurs on a sarcophagus in the British Museum. 
 
 III. Is from a scarab seal in the possession of 
 J. Millingen, Esq. It is a representation of Netpe 
 holding two palm branches indicative of the year, 
 and seems to imply that the calendar was reformed 
 by Thothmos III. whose signet occupies the upper 
 half. See chapter 12. 
 
 IV. A lamp or pot of fire, signifies the letter B, 
 and may be an illustration of chapter 22. 
 
 V. This has not unfrequently been considered 
 an illustration of book I. chapter 43 ; but is ex- 
 tremely doubtful. 
 
\^~ CM- 
 
 n 
 
 
 =j>s 
 
 *V^- 
 
 ■CM 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 This plate, sketched by Mr. Bonomi, from a tomb 
 in Thebes, represents a judgment scene in which, 
 as explained by Champollion, different souls are 
 ascending the steps to judgment by Osiris. The 
 soul of a glutton last condemned is departing in 
 the boat in the form of a swine. See book II. 
 chapter 37 : and for the inverted stags' heads, 
 which seem to have some connection with eternity, 
 see book I. chapter 69, and book II. chapter 
 21. A similar judgment scene appears upon the 
 sarcophagus from Belzoni's tomb in Sir J. Soame's 
 museum. 
 

PLATE III. 
 
 It is evident that in the chapters, 37, 38, 39, 40, 
 41, and 42, of the first Book, Horapollo must have 
 had in view one of the ceremonial processions of 
 the Egyptian priests. 
 
 The plate, a copy of a basso relievo of Roman 
 date, given in Bartoli's Admiranda, represents a 
 similar procession. The following passage from 
 Clemens of Alexandria throws considerably more 
 light upon the subject: 
 
 Msrlaai yap olxeiav 
 riva Qi'Koo-Qtpia.v AlyuTT- 
 
 TlQl. OCVTIHCC T0UT0 EfX- 
 
 <palv£i (jcaXLO-Tx y) iego- 
 TTgETTYis auruv §%Y)Cntzia' 
 TT^coiog (jl\v yaq Trgosp- 
 Xerai o a>$og 9 EV Tl TCOV 
 
 The Egyptians possess a 
 certain native philosophy of 
 their own, and this their sacred 
 ceremonies principally shew. 
 For first proceeds a Sinyer 
 bearing some of the symbols 
 of music : and they say that 
 -tyis [Aovo-iKYis sTrKpspofxevog his duty is to be versed in the 
 o-u/x£6\av. toutov (pacri two books of Hermes, one of 
 too /3/£ao<£ avEiXovtpk'vcci which contains the hymns of 
 te eh tcov 'Ef/Aou uv the gods, and the other pre- 
 SocTEfov ph, ufjivoug wEft- cepts for the regulation of the 
 £%£i Ssav' itt\oyio-(A.Qv & king's life. After the singer 
 Qaai'hiKQu @iov to fours- comes the Horoscopus holding 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 oov ftsra tie tov ao*bv 9 b in his hand a clock and a 
 copoo-xo7rog, upoxoyiov te palm branch, the symbols of 
 [Asra xE?ga xou (polvixa astrology. His duty is con- 
 acrTPohoyiocg i%u>v crv/u- stantly to retain in memory 
 GoXa, TTpoa-uo-iv. tovtov the astrological books of 
 roc acrTPoXoyov/Atva ruv Hermes, which are four in 
 'Eo/xou QiQxlw, rso-o-ccpa number : of these one treats 
 ovrra tov aPi8/j.ov, as) of the disposition of the ap- 
 hoc crofiarog s%eiv x?*' patently fixed stars, another 
 of the conjunctions and illu- 
 minations of the sun and 
 moon, and the remaining ones 
 of their rising. After him 
 proceeds the sacred Scribe, 
 having wings upon his head, 
 and in his hands a book and 
 rule containing ink and the 
 reed with which they write. 
 His duty is to be acquainted 
 with what are called hiero- 
 te y%a<pix6v fAEhosv, xou glyphics, relating to cosmo- 
 o-xoIvosyi yptztpouo-i.TOi/- graphy, geography, the po- 
 rcv t« ts hpoytopixa sitions of the sun and moon, 
 the five planets, the topogra- 
 phy of Egypt, the Nile, and 
 its adjacent shores; comprising 
 also a description of the at- 
 7tep) ruv ttevte Tr'ka.vo) jus- ^ re °f tne priests, and of the 
 vuv x u p°y? a( P'av T* t*$ places set apart for them, and 
 
 cov to [xev sari 7Tepi tov 
 oia,k6(T[jL0v tuv a.7TXavuv 
 (paivofAEvcov arrow' ro o% 
 ttepl tuv crvvoo^cov xou cpco- 
 Ticrfxcov yiXlou xou asXrivrig' 
 
 TO OS XOlTTOVj 7TEPI TUV 
 
 avocTohuv. s^rjg $e o Iepo- 
 yoafiftaTsts 7TP0EpxETou, 
 
 EX UV TTTEPOC E7r\ TJ?£ 
 
 XEfiaXrjg, QiQhiov te ev 
 X£p<? 1 xou xocvova, ev uj to 
 
 xaXou/xEvaj ttepi te tyjs 
 xoo-(Aoypoc<p[ot$, xou ysco- 
 ypcztpiccg, Trig Ta^scog too 
 
 YI?\10U XOU TYJg (TEXyVYlS) xou 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Aiyi/7TT0U, HCXt TYJS TQU 
 
 NstXou diayqaQYig, ttech 
 te Trj$KotTayga(pYis (Theuyis 
 ruv tsguv, hoc) rav octpttpco- 
 fXEVcov avroig xuplw. Trspi 
 T£ /aetpoov next tcov sv ro7g 
 
 concerning the measures and 
 other matters appertaining to 
 the priests. After the pre- 
 ceding, follows the Stolistes 
 (the Master of the Robes,) 
 holding the rod of justice and 
 i spots xprY\<ri{ji,w, elctsvai the chalice. His duty is to 
 X$*' sTTEira o crroXto-TYis De versed in all things relating 
 to education, and the rites 
 called " the sacrifice of the 
 calf." Ten of these [books] 
 relate to the worship of their 
 gods and the Egyptian re- 
 ligion, viz. such as concern 
 the sacrifices, first fruits, 
 hymns, prayers, processions, 
 festivals, and the like. Last 
 of all comes the Prophet 
 openly carrying in his bosom 
 the waterpot : and he is 
 followed by the supervisors 
 of the exportation of bread. 
 His duty as president of the 
 temple is to be conversant 
 with the ten books called 
 hieratic. These contain all 
 things relating to the laws 
 and the gods, and the entire 
 ordinances respecting sacred 
 
 T01S 7Tp0Sip0U[XSV0lS SKETCH, 
 E%0)V TOV TE TYJS $ik<xioo-uz 
 VY\S TTYIXWy HC " TO 0"7TQV- 
 
 oeTov. ouros i a, 7T cursor tncx, 
 ttocvtoc hoc) f*ocrxocr<pocyi- 
 
 CTTlfCCZ HCZXOUfAEVCZ' O^'eHOC 
 OS ECTTl TCt Els TYjV TlfAY)V 
 
 avwovTcz tuv Trac? auroi$ 
 Secov, next ty\v AiyvTTTtav 
 
 EV<JsQstOCV 7TSCHEX0VTCX. 
 
 01 OV 7TEp) hvfJLCXTW, CX7T<Xp- 
 XUV, UfAVCQV, EUXUV) WO/X- 
 TTUVj EOPTUV, HOCt TCOV T0U~ 
 TOtS O/X0iC0V. ETTt TTOCCTt 0*£ 
 7T^0(py\TYiS E<ZS10~1, TTpO- 
 (paVES TO vSpStOV kyHEHOX- 
 7TlCrfJLSV0S' W E7T0VTCU Ot 
 TYjV SHTTE^tV TUV OCPTOOV 
 
 @oco~toc£ovtes, outos, as 
 av ttooo-tcxtws TOV tEPOV, 
 
 TCX IsPOCTtHOC HOC7\QV(JC£VOC 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 dsxa $iQxla EKfjuzvSavEi. matters. For among the 
 TTEgiExei Se W£f i te vo/xcov Egyptians the prophet pre- 
 sides over the distribution of 
 the revenue ; hence there are 
 forty-two books of Hermes 
 which are absolutely necessary. 
 Of these, thirty-six, containing 
 all the philosophy of the 
 Egyptians, are learned by the 
 above-mentioned officers: the 
 remaining six, relating to me- 
 dicine and the constitution of 
 the body, and to its diseases 
 and organs, and to pharmacy 
 and the eyes, and lastly to 
 woman, are learned by the 
 pastophori. — Clemens. Strom. 
 VI. 633. 
 
 xai Seuv, kou r?jg oMg 
 7raiOEiag rav Ie^ecov' o 
 ya% nroi TrgotpYiTyg ttoc^oc 
 roTg AiyvTrrioiSj fcai Tr\g 
 diavo/xrig toJv TT^ocro^cov 
 
 £7Tl(7T!ZT7)g ECTTIV. 0^00 
 
 IXEV ovv nai TEcraa^ccHovra 
 al Travv avayxaiai ru 
 'E^ji ysy ovari @iQ\oi* 
 uv rag //.h \o~r , ty\v Troi- 
 aocv AiyUTTTtOW TTEpisxov- 
 crag (piXocrotplav, ol tt^o- 
 
 Elgn/AEVOl EHfjUXV^OtVOUCl" 
 
 rag os XoiTrag If, ol 7rao~- 
 rocpopoi, larpucag oucrag y 
 
 7TE%1 T£ TYJg TOU CTU^aTOg 
 
 xarao-KEuyjg, xai wspi 
 voo-uv, Ka\ Trsfi opyavWf 
 nai (pa^/j,aHd)Vj na) ttepi 
 6<p$a?i{/,uv, na) to teXeu- 
 raTov TTEgi twv yuvai- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 The following passages from Clemens of Alex- 
 andria and Porphyry are illustrative of the differ- 
 ent kinds of writing anciently practised in Egypt. 
 The passage of Clemens is found to be strictly in 
 accordance with the result of modern discoveries, 
 which have brought to light the Enchorial, Hie- 
 ratic, and Hieroglyphic inscriptions, and the dif- 
 ferent species of Hieroglyphics. 
 
 FROM CLEMENS. 
 
 Autikcc ol Traq At- 
 yuTnloig 7rai^Eu6fX£V0i f 
 
 TTgUTOV (MEV TTaVTtoV Ty)v 
 
 Alyv7rriuv ypa^/xaTcov 
 fAsS-odov sKfAavSavovo-L, Ty)v 
 
 ETTlCTTOXoygatplKYiV H<XX0U- 
 (AEVYlV $EUTE%<XV 0% TY)V 
 lEgOLTDCYIV, fl XgUVTOU 01 
 
 h^oypafji,//.(XTEi$' uo-Ta- 
 tyjv tie Ktxi TEteuralav, 
 
 TYIV 'lEpOyKuQutYlV' h$ Yl 
 (/.SV ECTTl Oia TWV 7T(>toT0)V 
 
 o~toix,£ici)v xugiohoyuiYi' Yl 
 b*Ej o-u/aGoXiky)' tyi$ $e aufx- 
 GoXucYJg yi fjthj xugioXoyE'i- 
 tcu naroi fjLif/,Yicnv' yi oe, 
 
 Now those who are in- 
 structed by the Egyptians, 
 first of all learn that system 
 of Egyptian writing, which is 
 called the epistolographic 
 [or enchorial] ; secondly, the 
 hieratic, which is used by 
 the sacred scribes ; thirdly and 
 lastly, the hieroglyphic Of 
 this [last] one kind expresses 
 its own meaning by the Jirst 
 elements [alphabetically] ; 
 but the other kind is sym- 
 bolical. Of the symbolical, 
 one sort directly conveys 
 its meaning by imitation; 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 rai. r\ os f avriH^vg aXXri- 
 yopsirou xaroc Tivag ou- 
 viy/^oug. "Hajov yovv y^cc- 
 
 ■fyai $0U\Q[AEVQI, HVJiXOV 
 
 Troiovai' Xe&rivw/dEyO'xrifJi.iz 
 
 fAYivosLoeg, Kara ro uvpio- 
 Koyou/xEvov slhog' T^otti- 
 HCOg ($E f H.CVT oiksiotyitoc, 
 [AETOCyOVTEg HCCl [AETtXTl- 
 §EVTEg' TO. $\ E^aKKtXT- 
 
 rovTEg' ra b% 7 7roXka%ug 
 (XE'Tcx.a-%y\yi.a r c[^QVTEg, %tx- 
 gaTTOucriv. Tovg yovv rcov 
 ^acriXEav Eiraivovg SeoXo- 
 yov[jt.EVoig /xvSoig Trapah- 
 hovTEg, avotyoatpovo-i ha. 
 tuv avay7\v<pav' Toil he 
 juxtol rovg odviyiAOug, t^i- 
 tou Eidoug, o^ELy/xoc eo-tco 
 roh. t« fxsv ya% rcov aX- 
 Koov acrrpooVj ha. ryv tto- 
 .^Eiav tyiv Xo%riv, b'tpEav 
 
 CTOOfACCO-lV aTTElKtX^OV. TOV 
 b*s "HXlOV, TW TOO K(XV§a- 
 DOV' E7TEL$Y\ KUXXOTEgEg EH. 
 
 Trig @OEiag bvSou crxyj/ucc 
 TrXaccifXEVog, Scvtittooctoo- 
 7rog HuXivhi. <paa\ hk u,ai 
 
 another sort is written as it 
 were metaphorically; while 
 the remaining sort speaks 
 allegorically as it were by 
 means of senigmas. Thus, 
 [Imitatively,] when they would 
 indicate the Sun they make a 
 circle, and the moon, a cres- 
 cent by a form which conveys 
 its own signification. But Me- 
 taphorically, they adopt some 
 appropriate turn or transfer in 
 their engravings,simply chang- 
 ing some things, but multifa- 
 riously transforming others : 
 thus in expressing the praises 
 of their kings they invest them 
 with the mythological attri- 
 butes of the gods, by a 
 transfer of their symbols. But 
 of the third form, the Enig- 
 matical, let this serve as an 
 example : some of the stars, 
 on account of the obliquity of 
 their courses they portray by 
 the bodies of Serpents ; but 
 the Sun by that of a Beetle, 
 because it forms a globe of 
 cow-dung, rolling it with its 
 
 
APPENDIX. 171 
 
 k^ocfxYwov [xh utto yyjg' face averted : they say also that 
 Bars^ov $e rov sroug r/myj- this creature lives six months 
 /xoiy to £uov touto uTTsp under ground, but the other 
 yrjg hairacrSai' crTTE^fxat- portion of the year above 
 veiv ts slg TYiv<r(pa7fav f Ka) ground ; that it propagates by 
 ysvvav kou SyXuv KavSa- vivifying the beforementioned 
 pov [ay] ytW&u. globe ; and that no female 
 
 beetle is ever born. — Strom. 
 
 V. 555. 
 
 FROM PORPHYRY. 
 
 K«i EV AlyVTTTCO (AEV 
 
 roig hpsvcri <JUVY\v y xai 
 
 TY}V CTOCpiaV £%£{/.a§£ HOCi 
 TYIV AlyUTTTlM <p0OVYlV 
 
 yoaf/.f/.arav $1 r^iaaag 
 dtapogag, i7ri<rro^oy^a- 
 (piKcov T£, Kai hpoyXutpi- 
 koov, kou o-u{a£oXikcqv. tuv 
 [jlev KQivohoyovfAsvuv Kara, 
 /y,i/j.wcriv f ruv OE aXhyiyo- 
 poufXEvav Kara rivag al- 
 vr/fxovg. 
 
 Pythagoras travelled also 
 among the Egyptians ; and 
 in Egypt he lived with the 
 priests, and learned from them 
 the wisdom and language of 
 the Egyptians, and the three 
 kinds of writing, viz. the epis- 
 tolographic, the hieroglyphic, 
 and the symbolic, the one 
 conveying its meaning directly 
 by imitation, the other alle- 
 gorically, by means of senig- 
 mas. Be Vit. Pyth. p. 8. 
 
INDEX 
 
 OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED, AND EDITIONS 
 REFERRED TO. 
 
 Al.— Alii. 
 
 Aid. — Aldine edition of* Horapollo, 1505. 
 Anc. Fr. — Ancient Fragments, by I. P. Cory. 
 Arist. — Aristotle de Generatione et Corruptione. 
 Aug-. — Augustine MS. quoted by De Pauw. 
 Bartoli. — Barton's Admiranda. 
 Boch. — Bochart's Hierozoicon. 
 Causs. — Caussin's Horapollo, 1631. 
 
 Champ. — Champollion's Pantheon, Precis, and Letters to Dacier. 
 Clem. — Clemens Alexandrinus' Stromata. 
 De Pauw, 1727. 
 
 Eusebius. — Prreparatio Evangelica. 
 F.— A French Translation of Horapollo, 1574. 
 Haesch. — Haeschel's Horapollo, 1595. 
 Jab. — Jablonski's Pantheon iEgyptiorum, and Glossarium. 
 Kirch. — Kircher's Obeliscus Pamphilius. 
 Klap. — Klaproth's Epistola ad Goulianoff. 
 Leem. — Leemans' Horapollo, 1837. 
 Mat. Hier. — Wilkinson's Materia Hieroglyphica. 
 Mer. — Mercer's Horapollo, 1548 and 1551. 
 Mor. — A MS. given by Morell to Mercer, and quoted by him. 
 Om. — Omit. 
 
 Par. A. B. C. — Three manuscripts in the library of the King of 
 France, referred to by Leemans. 
 
174 INDEX. 
 
 Par. Reg. — A manuscript in the library of the King of France. 
 Pier. — Pierius' Hieroglyphics, 1614 — 1626. 
 Plut. — Plutarch's Isis and Osiris. 
 
 Sh. — Sharpe's Vocabulary of Hieroglyphics, and Egyptian In- 
 scriptions. 
 Salm. — Salmasius' Lexicon. 
 Tat. — Tattam's Coptic Lexicon. 
 
 Treb. —A Latin translation of Horapollo by Trebatius, 1515. 
 Vat.— The Vatican manuscript of Horapollo. 
 
 C. Whittingham, Tooks Court, Chancery Lane, London. 
 
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