/«- -^ .^r ^„ -.W^.- „,' --. <-.,•>* .'l^M % * . o *> ^^. A^' *: ■^'*. - - ^t * » * * ', 0° ''•• ,0 c"""* -^ > V » ' • "- ^ . "t V^ .,^>^ >• o « ^ ^^^ I • ■ l^ A * ^ 'tu , ^0* ^ * o - o ' \^ 0*0 •) .3^"-. .0 f, »" • - OB f-^ c 0' " » .° .^'^°'- THE HISTORY OF Will County. I L L I isr O I S yest has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. (19) 20 THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. EARLY EXPLORATIONS. In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries. In 1616, four j'-ears before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. IMarie at the Falls of St. Mar^-, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied — as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 21 Oh >—t CO a: t/3 ' upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to secure the country west of the AUeghenies to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, b}'- that power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain to this unexplored wilderness. England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward. Gov- ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant of land beyond the AUeghenies. This was granted, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37 settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were bus}^ in preparing their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. (They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center cf the terri- tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones Pickaweke." ■* The following is a translation of the inscription on tlie plate: "In tlie year 1749. reigii of Lonis XV., King of Franco, we, Celeron, conunandant of a detachment by JMonsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have Varied this plate at the confluence of the ToradaUoin. Hi is twenty- ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chapelle." 88 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- caster alread}^ noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their favor. This he did, and upon the loth of June they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valle3^ Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manoeuvre each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further increased the feeling by failing to provide them Avith arms and ammuni- tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio left 3^ou because of your own fault. When we heard the French were coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The French came, they treated, us kindly, and gained our affections. The Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when we wanted help, forsook us." At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts alread}' ])egua. and would not abandon the field. Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 ing the positions and pnrposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 2'2d reached the Monon- gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and also heard of their determination not to come down the riVer till the fol- lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, and ofathered their forces to be in readiness. The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. " The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, ContreccEur, and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and. with his men and tools, marched up the Monongahela." The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of French and Indians marchino- ao-ainst him, but was soon after attacked in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 41 acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. Tl\e great object of thq campaign of 1759, was the reduction of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement Montcolm and Wolfe l)oth lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while on their journey home. Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon John's Town" on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He declared that no treaty had been made with them; no presents sent them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 13 PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares and Mingoes, whohad, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite in this enterprise. The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 1768. Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, "• scooped up in the hollow of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. Pontiac at once laid siege to tlie fort, and until the treaty of peace between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went further south, living many years among the Illinois. He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly have been carried out: It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : *' Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods, these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after the English took possession of their countr3\ These feelings were no doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by France sold to the United States. In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecceur by LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. Louis. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; but they do not appear to have btsn taken possession of until 1765, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that chieftain B}"- it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among Avhom he afterward lost his life. As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. He found there about sixtj^-five resident families, and at Cahokia only forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy reach of Great Britain. The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow."' In accordance with this policy. Gov. Gage issued a proclamation in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- Uements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side of the war for independence. In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and driven across the Ohio. During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies and the perseveranceof individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the "Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the " United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the AVar of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time " Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 negroes." From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and' nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a leport made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made : "Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five miles further up the river." St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here relate. It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by Antoiue de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house (near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten to fifteen feet in width. At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the .enclosure, but a citadel on tiie ground corresponding to the present northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two stories high, sufiBcient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning between nine and ten o'clock, . Each furnished four .sentinels, who weie relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who per- formed strict dut3\ Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset ; even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were ox^ened in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present " new " town was laid out. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of V^irginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, 60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. and recosrnizins: the o^reat benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Ricliard Gallaway, burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented her the A'ear previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Hfc saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vinceunes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and soutn, ana annihi- late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives might be easily awed into neutralit}^ ; and by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartil}^ into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 61 ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to believe by the British that the "■ Long Knives" or Virginians, were the most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without the loss of a single man or bj'- killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently Avorking upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English into the possession of Virginia. In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of the Old Dominion through their Legislature. In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the force in the garrison. Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with wliom he was contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 63 • and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat qnietly down to pass the Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Glark received the news on the 29th of Januar}'-, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, and had earned in consequence thereof the title "• Hair-buyer General," by which he was ever afterward known. Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from the commencement, by the British. " But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- pend<3nce, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled to sue for peace. 54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These gentlemen opened their court on (3ctober 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the next year (1780^ the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the satisfaction of both nations. The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the "■Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were compelled to abandon the contest. The}'' also made an attack on the settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable manner, they fled the country in great haste. About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55 and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Confess during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished him, Nothing decisive was done, vet the heads of the Government knew that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the United States. Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 1772 in the history of the Northwest. During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 56 THE NORTHWEST TEREITORY. frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, was a terror to women and children. These occurred chief!}' in the Ohio valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- ^ ^.^? \ 'm^'^0v^^^^ INDIANS ATTACKING FKONTIEKSMEN. tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi River; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by the proper treaty. To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- sonville, Indiana. While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in appearance. He says : " Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 68 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no entries were recorded until 1787. The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel their adherence to its provisions, force was used. Daring the year 1786, the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without the reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the resolutions of 1789 and 1790. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 59 k While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the cession was. made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- potamia and Pelisipia. There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles 60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, and to it the reader is referred. The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 8d of October, had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over the Alleglienies by the old Indian path which had been opened into Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike from Cumberland westward. .Through the weary winter days they toiled on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded '': :''''"/';^!;ifpik': the vast armies of the Union fell largely to Gov. Yates, of Illinois, and Gov. Morton, of Indiana. To recount the share of the glories of the campaign ^-on bj t'j.v Western troops is a needless task, except to mention the fact that Illinois gave to ihe nation the President who save'] 90 THE NORTHWEST TERKITORY. it, and sent out at the head of one of its regiments tne general who led ts armies to the final victory at Appomattox. The struggle, on the , FAKM VIEW IN WINTER. whole, had a marked effect for the better on the new Northwest, gi THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 93 years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining- regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has Ijeen quite prosperous througli all these dark years, and the farmers liave cleared away man}- incumbrances resting over them from the period of fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the nation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates ; but experienced navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi and Missouri. As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly^ and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that for the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the principles which should govern the country. In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of y4 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. LAKE BLrrr. The frontage of Lake Bluff Grounds on Lake Michigan, with one hundred and seventy feet of gradual ascent. inon BRIDGE, LAKE BLUFF, LAKE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 95 the same radical change in our great Northwest which characterizes its history for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the cattle raising districts of the southwest. Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions tliere is a continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in lands and live stock. The stock j^ards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the qualit}- of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest in the matter is on the increase. To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at the outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers, fearing the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries, and their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the government was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for farm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial 96 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. nations, set the wheels in motion, and - will relieve us from the perils so long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly O P4 "^ % < M M C4 P^ M m 02 h-t oa m O o M K W ;^ o 'J our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles excep*"- food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly increasing beyond those of any other region. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 97 The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 'panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. Now that prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, and leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turjiing toward the northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines, and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold f 24,000,000 of dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add sevent}' per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have placed here their distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries 98 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages over New York. Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months, they are ■ summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on behalf of home interests. It is impossible to forecast the destiny of this grand and growing section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision. -}i^:.j.^c^^^''''' ILLINOIS. Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a table-land atavar3-ing elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above the sea level ; compr>sed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains, ^luch of the south <3'"ision of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrio^atingf the State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and JNIissouri— the Ohio (forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature standing at about 51° Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois may be deemed, in proportion to her_ size, to possess a greater area of lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- ■ tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, elected for four y^ars, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a verv flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for (99) 100 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833 unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized property presented the following totals: assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly the whole of the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements formed the nucleus was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 19 Rej)resentatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. i AVESTERN DWELLING. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. lUl INDIANA.* The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 2:reater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous affluents. The soil is higlily productive of the cereals and grasses — most particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, marble, slate, gypsum, and various claj'^s are also abundant. From an agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis Cthe capital). Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad. <:anal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the time being, in a general collapse of puV)lic credit, and consequent bank- ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 102 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. Population, 1,680^637. IOWA. In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram ; has a length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres. The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the middle into an elevated plateau which forms the "divide" of the Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals : fruits, vegetables, and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000. Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812, THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 103 when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the INIichigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,853,118. MICHIGAN. United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter colds are severe. The chief staples'of farm husbandry include the cereals, grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, $13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, EARLY SETTLEMENTS. A temporary ^jcttlement was made at Fort St. Louis, or the old Kas- kaskia village, on the Illinois River, in what is now LaSalle County, in 1682. In 1690, this was removed, with the mission connected with it, to Kaskaskia, on the river of that name, emptying into the lower Mississippi in St. Clair County. Cahokia was settled about the same time, or at least, both of these settlements began in the year 1690, though it is now pretty well settled that Cahokia is the older place, and ranks as the oldest permanent settlement in lUinoib, as well as in the Mississippi Valley. The reason for the removal of the jld Kaskaskia settlement and mission, was probably because the dangerous and difficult route by Lake Michigan and the Chicago portage had been almost abandoned, and travelers and traders passed down and up the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin River route. They removed to the vicinity of the Mississippi in order to be in the line of travel from Canada to Louisiana, that is, the lower part of it, for it was all Louisiana then south of the lakes. During the period of French rule in Louisiana, the population prob- ably never exceeded ten thousand, including whites and blacks. Within that portion of it now included in Indiana, trading posts were established at the principal Miami villages which stood on the head waters of the Maumee, the Wea villages situated at Ouiatenon, on the Wabash, and the Piankeshaw villages at Post Vincennes ; all of which were probably visited by French traders and missionaries before the close of the seven- teenth century. In the vast territory claimed by the French, many settlements of considerable importance had sprung up. Biloxi, on Mobile Bay, had been founded by DTberville, in 1699; Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac had founded Detroit in 1701 ; and New Orleans had been founded by Bien- ville, under the auspices of the Mississippi Company, in 1718. In Illi- nois also, considerable settlements had been made, so that in 1730 they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six hundred " con- verted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. In that portion of the country, on the east side of the Mississippi, there were five distinct set- tlements, with their respective villages, viz. : Cahokia, near the mouth of Cahokia Creek and about five miles below the present city of St. Louis ; St. Philip, about forty-five miles below Cahokia, and four miles above Fort Chartres ; Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia ; Kaskaskia, situated on the Kaskaskia River, five miles above its conflu- ence with the Mississippi ; and Prairie du Rocher, near Fort Chartres. f o these must be added St. Genevieve and St. Louis, on the west side of the Mississippi. These, with the exception of St. Louis, are among 116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF LLIilNOIS. '1 m i 1, 1' 1, 1 ^^^' iiiii ii 1 1 ' 1 1' ! 1 ii'i I 1 ' II i i' hi ' \U ! 1 1' p i'l'ih I 1 1 •1 1 i i iiii! l! Eh a: < HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 117 the oldest French towns in the Mississippi Valley. Kaskaskia, in its best days, was a town of some two or three thousand inhabitants. After it passed from the crown of France its population for many years did not exceed fifteen hundred. Under British rule, in 1773, the population had decreased to four hundred and fifty. As early as 17^1, the Jesuits had established a college and a monastery in Kaskaskia. Fort Chartres was first built under the direction of the Mississippi Company, in 1718, by M. de Boisbraint, a military officer, under command of Bienville. It stood on the east bank of the Mississippi, about eighteen miles below Kaskaskia, and was for some time the headquarters of the military commandants of the district of Illinois. In the Centennial Oration of Dr. Fowler, delivered at Philadelphia, by appointment of Gov. Beveridge, we find some interesting facts with regard to the State of Illinois, which we appropriate in this history: In 1682 Illinois became a possession of the French crown, a depend- ency of Canada, and a part of Louisiana. In 1765 the English flag was run up on old Fort Chartres, and Illinois was counted among the treas- ures of Great Britain. In 1779 it was taken from the English by Col. George Rogers Clark. This man was resolute in nature, wise in council, prudent in policy, bold in action, and heroic in danger. Few men who have figured in the his- tory of America are more deserving than this colonel. Nothing short of first-class ability could have rescued Vincens and all Illinois from the English. And it is not possible to over-estimate the influence of this achievement upon the republic. In 1779 Illinois became a part of Vir- ginia. It was soon known as Illinois County. In 1784 Virginia ceded all this territory to the general government, to be cut into States, to be republican in form, with " the same right of sovereignty, freedom, and independence as the other States." In 1787 it was the object of the wisest and ablest legislation found in any merely human records. No man can study the secret history of THE "COMPACT OF 1787," and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eye these unborn States. The ordinance that on July 13, 1787, finally became the incor- porating act, has a most marvelous history. Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of government for the northwestern territory. He . was an emancipationist of that day, and favored the exclusion of slavery from the territory Virginia had ceded to the general government; but the South voted him down as often as it came up. In 1787, as late as July 10, an organizing act without the anti-slavery clause was pending. This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in 118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. session in New York City. On July 5, Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler, of Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the northwestern terri- tory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale — received his A.M. from Harvard, and his D.D. from Yale. He had studied and taken degrees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He had thus America's best indorsement. He had published a scientific examination of the plants of New England. His name stood second only to that of Franklin as a scientist in America. He was a courtly gentle- man of the old style, a man of commanding presence, and of inviting- face. The Southern members said they had never seen such a gentleman in the North. He came representing a company that desired to purchase a tract of land now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a colony. It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on the dollar. This Massachusetts company had collected enough to pur- chase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made Dr. Cutler their agent (lobbyist). On the 12th he represented a demand for 5,500,000 acres. This would reduce the national debt. Jefferson and Virginia were regarded as authority concerning the land Virginia had just ceded. Jefferson's policy wanted to provide for the public credit, and this was a good opportunity to do something. Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, which she was crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the northwestern region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspira- tion, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The English minister invited him to dine with some of the Southern gentlemen. He was the center of interest. The entire South rallied round him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, because many of the constituents of her members were interested personally in the western speculation. Thus Cutler, making friends with the South, and, doubtless, using all the arts of the lobby» was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convictions, he dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise states- manship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from Jefferson the term " Articles of Compact," which, preceding tlie federal constitution, rose into the most sacred character. He then followed very closely the constitution of Massachusetts, adopted three years before. Its most marked points were : 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a seminary, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 119 and every section numbered 16 in each township ; that is, one-thirty-sixth of all the land, for public schools. 3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that " Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall always be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. Griving his unqualified declaration that it was that or nothing — that unless they could make the land desirable they did not want it — he took his horse and buggv, and started for the constitutional convention in Phila- delphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unanimously adopted, every Southern member voting for it, and only one man, Mr. Yates, of New York, voting against it. But as the States voted as States, Yates lost his vote, and the compact was put beyond repeal. Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wis- consin — a vast empire, the heart of the great valley — were consecrated to freedom, intelligence, and honesty. Thus the great heart of the nation was prepared for a year and a day and an hour. In the light of these eighty- nine years I affirm that this act whs the salvation of the republic and the destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder, and tried to repeal the compact. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance was a compact, and opposed repeal. Thus it stood a rock, in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. With all this timely aid it was, after all, a most desperate and pro- tracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was the natural battle-field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end of the State slavery preceded the compact. It e:iisted among the old French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. The southern part of the State was settled from the slave States, and this population brought their laws, customs, and institutions with them. A stream of population from the North poured into the northern part of the State. These sections misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. The Southerners regarded the Yankees as a skinning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The North- erner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing in a hut, and rioting in whisk^s dirt and ignorance. These causes aided iu making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy with slavery that, in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French settlers to retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might bring their 120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. slaves, if they would give them a chance to choose freedom or years of service and bondage for their children till they should become thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State in sixty days or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offenses for which white men are fined. Each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A neo-ro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous laws were imported from the slave States just as they imported laws foi the inspection of flax and wool when there was neither in the State. These Black Laws are now wiped out. A vigorous effort was made to protect slavery in the State Constitution of 1817. It barely failed. It was renewed in 1825, when a convention was asked to make a new constitution. After a hard fight the convention was defeated. But slaves did not disappear from the census of the State until 1850. There were mobs and murders in the interest of slavery. Lovejoy was added to the list of martyrs — a sort of first-fruits of that long life of immortal heroes who saw freedom as the one supreme desire of their souls, and were so enamored of her that they preferred to die rather than survive her. The population of 12,282 that occupied the territory in A.D. 1800, increased to 45,000 in A.D. 1818, when the State Constitution was adopted, and Illinois took her place in the Union, with a star on the flag and two votes in the Senate. Shadrach Bond was the first Governor, and in his first message he recommended the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The simple economy in those days is seen in the fact that the entire bill for stationery for the first Legislature was only $13.50. Yet this simple body actually enacted a very superior code. There was no money in the territory before the war of 1812. Deer skins and coon skins were the circulating medium. In 1821, the Legis- lature ordained a State Bank on the credit of the State. It issued notes in the likeness of bank bills. These notes were made a legal tender for every thing, and the bank was ordered to loan to the people $100 on per- sonal security, and more on mortgages. They actually passed a resolu- tion requesting the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to •receive these notes for land. The old French Lieutenant Governor, Col. Menard, put the resolution as follows: '' Gentlemen of the Senate : It is moved and seconded dat de notes of dis hank be made land-ofBce money. All in favor of dat motion say aye ; all against it say no. It is decided in de affirmative. Now, gentlemen, I bet you one hundred dollar he never be land-office money ! " Hard sense, like hard money, is always above par. This old Frenchman presents a fine figure up against the dark back- ground of most of his nation. They made no progress. They clung to their earliest and simplest implements. They never wore hats or cap? HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 121 They pulled their blankets over their heads in the winter like the Indians, with whom they freely intermingled. Demagogism had an early development. One John Grammar (^only in name), elected to the Territorial and State Legislatures of 1816 and 1836, invented the policy of opposing every new thing, saying, " If it succeeds, no one will ask who voted against it. If it proves a failure, he could quote its record." In sharp contrast with Grammar was the char- acter of D. P. Cook, after whom the county containing Chicago was named. Such was his transparent integrity and remarkable ability that his will was almost the law of the State. In Congress, a young man, and from a poor State, he was made Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. He was pre-eminent for standing by his committee, regard- less of consequences. It was his integrity that elected John Quincy Adams to the Presidency. There were four candidates in 1824, Jackson, Clay, Crawford, and John Quincy Adams. There being no choice by the people, the election was thrown into the House. It was so balanced that it turned on his vote, and that he cast for Adams, electing him ; then went home to face the wrath of the Jackson party in Illinois. It cost him all but character and greatness. It is a suggestive comment on the times, that there was no legal interest till 1830. It often reached 150 per cent., usually 50 per cent. Then it was reduced to 12, and now to 10 per cent. PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE PRAIRIE STATE. In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about 150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine to North Carolina. It embraces wide variety of climate. It is tempered on the north by the great inland, saltless, tideless sea, which keeps the thermometer from either extreme. Being a table land, from 600 to 1,600 feet above the level of the sea, one is prepared to find on the health maps, prepared by the general government, an almost clean and perfect record. In freedom from fever and malarial diseases and consumptions, the three deadly enemies of the American Saxon, Illinois, as a State, stands without a superior. She furnishes one of the essential conditions of a great people — sound bodies. I suspect that this fact lies back of that old Delaware word, Illini, superior men. The great battles of history that have been determinative of dynas- ties and destinies have been strategical battles, chiefly the question of position. Thermopyhe has been the Avar-cry of freemen for twenty-four centuries. It only tells how much there may be in position. All this advantage belongs to Illinois. It is in the heart of the greatest valley in the world, the vast region between the mountains — a valley that could 122 HISTORY OF THE STATE. OF ILLINOIS. feed mankind for one thousand years. It is well on toward the center of the continent. It is in the great temperate belt, in which have been found nearly all the aggressive civilizations of history. It has sixty-five miles of frontage on the head of the lake. With the Mississippi forming the western and southern boundarv, with the Ohio running along the southeastern line, with the Illinois River and Canal dividing the State diagonally from tiie lake to the Lower Mississippi, and with the Rock and Wabash Rivers furnishing altogether 2,000 miles of water-front, con- necting with, and running through, in all about 12,000 miles of navi- gable water. But this is not all. These waters are made most available by the fact that the lake and the State lie on the ridge running into the great valley from the east. Within cannon-shot of the lake the water runs away from the lake to the Gulf. The lake now empties at both ends, one into the Atlantic and one into the Gulf of Mexico. The lake thus seems to hang over the land. This makes the dockage most serviceable ; there are no steep banks to damage it. Both lake and river are made for use. The climate varies from Portland to Richmond ; it favors every pro- duct of the continent, including the tropics, with less than half a dozen exceptions. It j)roduces every great nutriment of the world except ban- anas and rice. It is hardly too much to say that it is the most productive spot known to civilization. With the soil full of bread and the earth full of minsrals ; with an upper surface of food and an under layer of fuel ; with perfect natural drainage, and abundant springs and streams and navigable rivers ; half way between the forests of the North and the fruits of the South ; within a day's ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, cop- per, lead, and zinc ; containing and controlling the great grain, cattle, pork, and lumber markets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has the advantage of position. This advantage has been supplemented by the character of the popu- lation. In the early days when Illinois was first admitted to the Union, her population were cliiefl}^ from Kentucky and Virginia. But, in the conflict of ideas concerning slavery, a strong tide of emigration came in from the East, and soon changed this composition. In 1870 her non- native population were from colder soils. New York furnished 133,290 ; Ohio gave 162,623; Pennsylvania sent on 98,352; the entire South gave us only 206,734. In all her cities, and in all her German and Scandina- vian and other foreign colonies, Illinois has only about one-fifth of her ^ people of foreign birth. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 123 PROGRESS OF DEVELOPMENT. One of the greatest elements in the early development of Illinois is the Illinois and Michigan Canal, connecting the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers with the lakes. It was of the utmost importance to the State. It was recommended by Gov. Bond, the first governor, in his first message. In 1821, the Legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route. Two bright young engineers surveyed it, and estimated the cost at $600,000 or $700,000. It finally cost $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was passed to incorporate the Canal Company, but no stock was sold. In 1826, upon the solicitation of Cook, Congress gave 800,000 acres of land on the line of the work. In 1828, another law — commissioners appointed, and work commenced with new survey and new estimates. In 1834-35, George Farquhar made an able report on the whole matter. This was, doubtless, the ablest report ever made to a western legislature, and it became the model for subsequent reports and action.' From this the work went on till it was finished in 1848. It cost the State a large amount of money ; but it gave to the industries of the State an impetus that pushed it up into the first rank of greatness. It was not built as a speculation any more than a doctor is employed on a speculation. But it has paid into the Treasary of the State an average annual net sum of over $111,000. Pending the construction of the canal, the land and town-lot fever broke out in the State, in 1834-35. It took on the malignant type in Chicago, lifting the town up into a city. The disease spread over the entire State and adjoining States, It was epidemic. It cut up men's farms without regard to locality, and ^ut up the purses of the purchasers without regard to consequences. It is estimated that building lots enough were sold in Indiana alone to accommodate every citizen then in the United States. Towns and cities were exported to the Eastern market by the ship- load. There was no lack of buyers. Every up-ship came freighted with speculators and their money. This distemper seized upon the Legislature in 1836-37, and left not one to tell the tale. They enacted a system of internal improvement without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. They ordered the construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State in all direc- tions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements. There were a few counties not touched by either railroad or river or canal, and those were to be comforted and compensated by the free dis- tribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond cre- dence it was ordered that work should be commenced on both ends of 124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river-crossing, all at the same time. The appropriations for these vast improvements were over $12,000,000, and commissioners were appointed to borrow the money on the credit of the State. Remember that all this was in the early days of railroading, when railroads were luxuries ; that the State had whole counties with scarcely a cabin ; and that the population of the State was less than 400,000, and you can form some idea of the vigor with which these brave men undertook the work of making a great State. In the light of history I am compelled to say that this was only a premature throb of the power that actually slumbered in the soil of the State. It was Hercules in the cradle. At this juncture the State Bank loaned its funds largely to Godfrey Giiman & Co., and to other leading houses, for the purpose of drawing trade from St. Louis to Alton. Soon they failed, and took down the bank with them. In 1840, all hope seemed gone. A population of 480,000 were loaded with a debt of $14,000,000. It had only six small cities, really only towns, namely : Chicago, Alton, Springfield, Quincy, Galena, Nauvoo. This debt was to be cared for when there was not a dollar in the treas- ury, and when the State had borrowed itself out of all credit, and when there was not good money enough in the hands of all the people to pay the interest of the debt for a single year. Yet, in the presence of all these difficulties, the young State steadily refused to repudiate. Gov. Ford took hold of the problem and solved it, bringing the State through in triumph. Having touched lightly upon some of the more distinctive points in the history of the development of Illinois, let us next briefly consider the MATERIAL RESOURCES OF THE STATE. It is a garden four hundred miles long and one hundred and fifty miles wide. Its soil is chiefly a black sandy loam, from six inches to sixty feet thick. On the American bottoms it has been cultivated for one hundred and fifty years without renewal. About the old French towns it has yielded corn for a century and a half without rest or help. It produces nearly everything green in the temperate and tropical zones. She leads all other States in the number of acres actually under plow. Her products from 25,000,000 of acres are incalculable. Her mineral wealth is scarcely second to her agricultural power. She has coal, iron, lead, copper, zinc, many varieties of building stone, fire clay, cuma clay, common brick clay, sand of all kinds, gravel, mineral paint — every thing needed for a high civilization. Left to herself, she has the elements of all greatness. The single item of coal is too vast for an appreciative HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 125 handling in figures. We can handle it in general terms like algebraical signs, but long before we get up into the millions and billions the human mind drops down from comprehension to mere symbolic apprehension. When I tell you that nearly four-fifths of the entire State is under- laid with a deposit of coal more than forty feet thick on the average (now estimated, by recent surveys, at seventy feet thick), you can get some idea of its amount, as you do of the amount of the national debt. There it is! 41,000 square miles — one vast mine into which you could put any of the States ; in which you could bury scores of European and ancient empires, and have room enough all round to work without know- ing that they had been sepulchered there. Put this vast coal-bed down by the other great coal deposits of the world, and its importance becomes manifest. Great Britain has 12,000 square miles of coal; Spain, 3,000; France, 1,719; Belgium, 578; Illinois about twice as many square miles as all combined. Virginia has 20,000 square miles ; Pennsylvania, 16,000 ; Ohio, 12,000. Illinois has 41,000 square miles. One-seventh of all the known coal on this continent is in Illinois. Could we sell the coal in this single State for one-seventh of one cent a ton it would pay the national debt. Converted into power, even with the wastage in our common engines, it would do more work than could be done by the entire race, beginning at Adam's wedding and working ten hours a day through all the centuries till the present time, and right on into the future at the same rate for the next 600,000 years. Great Britain uses enough mechanical power to-day to give to each man, woman, and child in the kingdom the help and service of nineteen untirino' servants. No wonder she has leisure and luxuries. No wonder the home of the common artisan has in it more luxuries than could be found in the palace of good old King Arthur. Think, if you can conceive of it, of the vast army of servants that slumber in the soil of Illinois, impatiently awaiting the call of Genius to come forth to minister to our- comfort. At the present rate of consumption England's coal supply will be exhausted in 250 years. When this is gone she must transfer her dominion either to the Indies, or to British America, which I would not resist ; or to some other people, which I would regret as a loss to civilization. COAL IS KING. At the same rate of consumption (which far exceeds our own) the deposit of coal in Illinois will last 120,000 years. And her kingdom shall be an everlasting kingdom. Let us turn now from this reserve power to the annual products of 126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. the State. We shall not be humiliated in this field. Here we strike the secret of our national credit. Nature provides a market in the constant appetite of the race. Men must eat, and if we can furnish the provisions we can command the treasure. All that a man hath will he give for his Hfe. According to the last census Illinois produced 80,000,000 of bushels of wheat. That is more wheat than was raised by any other State in the Union. She raised In 1875, 130,000,000 of bushels of corn — twice as much as any other State, and one-sixth of all the corn raised in the United States. She harvested 2,747,000 tons of hay, nearly one-tenth of all the hay in the Republic. It is not generally appreciated, but it is true, that the hay crop of the country is worth more than the cotton crop. The hay of Illinois equals the cotton of Louisiana. Go to Charleston, S. C, and see them peddling handfuls of hay or grass, almost as a curiosity, as we regard Chinese gods or the cryolite of Greenland ; drink your coffee and condensed milk ; and walk back from the coast for many a league through the sand and burs till you get up into the better atmos- phere of the mountains, without seeing a waving meadow or a grazing herd ; then you will begin to appreciate the meadows of the Prairie State, where the grass often grows sixteen feet high. The value of her farm implements is $211,000,000, and the value of her live stock is only second to the great State of New York. in 1875 she had 25,000,000 hogs, and packed 2,113,845, about one-half of all that were packed in the United States. This is no insignificant item. Pork is a growing demand of the old world. Since the laborers of Europe have gotten a taste of our bacon, and we have learned how to pack it dry in boxes, like dry goods, the world has become the market. The hoCT is on the march into the future. His nose is ordained to uncover the secrets of dominion, and his feet shall be guided by the star of empire. Illinois marketed $57,000,000 worth of slaughtered animals — more than any other State, and a seventh of all the States. Be patient with me, and pardon ray pride, and I will give you a list of some of the things in which Illinois excels all other States. Depth and richness of soil ; per cent, of good ground ; acres of improved land ; large farms — some farms contain from 40,000 to 60,000 acres of cultivated land, 40,000 acres of corn on a single farm ; number of farmers ; amount of wheat, corn, oats and honey produced ; value of ani- mals for slaughter ; number of hogs ; amount of pork ; number of horses — three times as many as Kentucky, the horse State. Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount of lumber sold in her markets. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 127 Illinois is only second in many important matters. This sample list comprises a few of the more important : Permanent school fund (good for a 3'oung state) ; total income for educational purposes ; number of pub- lishers of books, maps, papers, etc.; value of farm products and imple- ments, and of live stock ; in tons of coal mined. The shipping of Illinois is only second to New York. Out of one port during the business hours of the season of navigation she sends forth a vessel every ten minutes. This does not include canal boats, which go one every five minutes. No wonder she is only second in number of bankers and brokers or in physicians and surgeons. She is third in colleges, teachers and schools ; cattle, lead, hay, flax, sorghum and beeswax. She is fourth in population, jri children enrolled in public schools, in law schools, in butter, potatoes and carriages. She is fifth in value of real and personal property, in theological seminaries and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in boots and shoes manufactured, and in book-binding. She is only seventh in the production of wood, while she is the twelfth in area. Surely that is well done for the Prairie State. She now has much more wood and growing timber than she had thirty years ago. A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She manufactures $205,000,000 worth of goods, which places her well up toward New York and Pennsylvania. The number of her manufacturing establishments increased from 1860 to 1870, 300 per cent.; capital employed increased 350 per cent,, and the amount of product increased 400 per cent. She issued 5,500,000 copies of commercial and financial newspapers — only second to New York. She has 6,759 miles of railroad, thus leading all other States, worth $636,458,000, using 3,245 engines, and 67,712 cars, making a train long enough to cover one-tenth of the entire roads of the State. Her stations are only five miles apart. She carried last year 15,795,000 passen- gers, an average of 36^ miles, or equal to taking her entire population twice across the State. More than two-thirds of her land is within five miles of a railroad, and less than two per cent, is more than fifteen miles away. The State has a large financial interest in the Illinois Central railroad. The road was incorporated in 1850, and the State gave each alternate sec- tion for six miles on each side, and doubled the price of the remaining land, so keeping herself good. The road received 2,595,000 acres of land, and pays to the State one-seventh of the gross receipts. The State receives this year $350,000, and has received in all about 87,000,000. It is practically the people's road, and it has a most able and gentlemanly management. Add to this the annual receipts from the canal, $111,000, and a large per cent, of the State tax is provided for. 128 HISTORY OF TECE STATE OF ILLINOIS. THE RELIGION AND MORALS of the State keep step with her productions and growth. She was born of the missionary spirit. It was a minister who secured for her the ordi- nance of 1787, by which she has been saved from slavery, ignorance, and dishonesty. Rev. Mr. Wiley, pastor of a Scotch congregation in Randolph County, petitioned the Constitutional Convention of 1818 to recognize Jesus Christ as king, and the Scriptures as the only necessary guide and book of law. The convention did not act in the case, and the old Cove- nanters refused to accept citizenship. They never voted until 1824, when the slavery question was submitted to the peopte; then they all voted against it and cast the determining votes. Conscience has predominated whenever a great moral question has been submitted to the people. But little mob violence has ever been felt in the State. In 1817 regulators disposed of a band of horse-thieves that infested the territory. The Mormon indignities finally awoke the same spirit. Alton was also the scene of a pro-slavery mob, in which Lovejoy was added to the list of martyrs. The moral sense of the people makes the law supreme, and gives to the State unruffled peace. With $22,300,000 in church property, and 4,298 church organizations, the State has that divine police, the sleepless patrol of moral ideas, that alone is able to secure perfect safety. Conscience takes the knife from the assassin's hand and the bludgeon from the grasp of the highwayman. We sleep in safety, not because we are behind bolts and bars — these only fence against the innocent ; not because a lone officer drowses on a distant corner of a street; not because a sheriff may call his posse from a remote part of the county ; but because conscience guards the very portals of the air and stirs in the deepest recesses of the public mind. This spirit issues within the State 9,500,000 copies of religious papers annually, and receives still more from without. Thus the crime of the State is only one-fourth that of New York and one-half that of Pennsylvania. Illinois never had but one duel between her own citizens. In Belle- ville, in 1820, Alphonso Stewart and William Bennett arranged to vindi- cate injured honor. The seconds agreed to make it a sham, and make them shoot blanks. Stewart was in the secret. Bennett mistrusted some- thing, and, unobserved, slipped a bullet into his gun and killed Stewart. He then fled the State. After two years he was caught, tried, convicted, and, in spite of friends and political aid, was hung. This fixed the code of honor on a Christian basis, and terminated its use in Illinois. The early preachers were ignorant men, who were accounted eloquent according to the strength of their voices. But they set the style for all public speakers. Lawyers and political speakers followed this rule. Gov. HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 129 Ford says: "Nevertheless, these first preachers were of incalculable benefit to the country. They inculcated justice and morality. To them are we indebted for the first Christian character of the Protestant portion of the people." In education Illinois surpasses her material resources. The ordinance of 1787 consecrated one thirty-sixth of her soil to common schools, and the law of 1818, the first law that went upon her statutes, gave three per cent, of all the rest to EDUCATION. The old compact secures this interest forever, and by its yoking moralit}- and intelligence it precludes the legal interference with the Bible in the public schools. With such a start it is natural that we should have 11,050 schools, and that our illiteracy should be less than New York or Pennsylvania, and only about one-half of Massachusetts. We are not to blame for not having more than one-half as many idiots as the great States. These public schools soon made colleges inevitable. The first college, still flourishing, was started in Lebanon in 1828, by the M. E. church, and named after Bishop McKendree. Illinois College, at Jackson- ville, supported by the Presbyterians, followed in 1830. In 1832 the Bap- tists built Shurtleff College, at Alton. Then the Presbj^terians built Knox College, at Galesburg, in 1838, and the Episcopalians built Jubilee College, at Peoria, in 1847. After these earl}' years colleges have rained down. A settler could hardly encamp on the prairie but a college would spring up by his wagon. The State now has one very well endowed and equipped university, namely, the Northwestern University, at Evanston, with six colleges, ninety instructors, over 1,000 students, and $1,500,000 endow- ment. Rev. J. M. Peck was the first educated Protestant minister m tne State. He settled at Rock Spring, in St. Clair County, 1820, and left his impress on the State. Before 1837 only party papers were published, but Mr. Peck published a Gazetteer of Illinois. Soon after John Russell, of Bluffdale, published essays and tales showing genius. Judge James Hall published The Illinois Monthly Magazine with great ability, and an annual called The Western Souvenir^ which gave him an enviable fame all over the United States. From these beginnings Illinois has gone on till she has more volumes in public libaaries even than Massachusetts, and of the 44,500,000 volumes in all the public libraries of the United States, she has one-thirteenth. In newspapers she stands fourth. Her increase is marvelous. In 1850 she issued 5,000,000 copies; in 1860, 27,590,000 ; in 1870, 113,140,000. In 1860 she had eighteen colleges and seminaries; in 1870 she had eighty. That is a grand advance for the war decade. This brings us to a record unsurpassed in the history of any age, 130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. THE WAR RECORD OF ILLINOIS. I hardly know where to begin, or how to advance, or what to say. 1 can at best give you only a broken synopsis of her deeds, and you must put them in the order of glory for yourself. Her sons have always been foremost on fields of danger. In 1832-33, at the call of Gov. Reynolds, her sons drove Blackhawk over the Mississippi. When the Mexican war came, in May, 1846, 8,370 men offered them- selves when only 3,720 could be accepted. The fields of Buena Vista and Vera Cruz, and the storming of Cerro Gordo, will carry the glory of Illinois soldiers along after the infamy of the cause they served has been forgotten. But it was reserved till our day for her sons to find a field and cause and foemen that could fitly illustrate their spirit and heroism. Illinois put into her own regiments for the United States government 256,000 men^ and into the army through other States enough to swell the number to 290,000. This far exceeds all the soldiers of the federal government in all the war of the revolution. Her total years of service were over 600,000. She enrolled men from eighteen to forty-five 3^ears of age when the law of Congress in 1864 — the test time — only asked for those from twenty to forty-five. Her enrollment was otherwise excessive. Her people wanted to go, and did not take the pains to correct the enrollment. Thus the basis of fixing the quota was too great, and then the quota itself, at least in the trying time, was far above any other State. Thus the demand on some counties, as Monroe, for example, took every able-bodied man in the county, and then did not have enough to fill the quota. Moreover, Illinois sent 20,844 men for ninety or one hundred days, for whom no credit was asked. When Mr. Lincoln's attention was called to the inequality of the quota compared with other States, he replied, " The country needs the sacrifice. We must put the whip on the free horse." In spite of all these disadvantages Illinois gave to the country 73,000 years of service above all calls. With one-thirteenth of the popu- lation of the loyal States, she sent regularly one-tenth of all the soldiers, and in the peril of the closing calls, when patriots were few and weary, she then sent one-eighth of all that were called for by her loved and hon- ored son in the white house. Her mothers and daughters went into the fields to raise the grain and keep the children together, while the fathers and older sons went to the harvest fields of the world. I knew a father and four sons who agreed that one of them must stay at home ; and they pulled straws from a stack to see who might go. The father was left. The next day he came into the camp, saying : " Mother says she can get the crops in, and I am going, too." I know large Methodist churches from which every male member went to the army. Do you want to know HISTORY OF THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 131 what these heroes from Illinois did in the field ? Ask tiny soldier with a good record of his own, who is thus able to judge, and he will tell you that the Illinois men went in to win. It is common history that the greater victories were won in the West. When everything else looked dark Illi- nois was gaining victories all down the river, and dividing the confederacy. Sherman took with him on his great march forty-five regiments of Illinois infantry, three companies of artillery, and one company of cavalry. He could not avoid GOING TO THE SEA. If he had been killed, I doubt not the men would have gone right on. Lincoln answered all rumors of Sherman's defeat with, " It is impossible ; there is a mighty sight of fight in 100,000 Western men." Illinois soldiers brougrht home 300 battle-flasi^s. The first United States flag that floated over Richmond was an Illinois flag. She sent messengers and nurses to every field and hospital, to care for her sick and wounded sons. She said, *• These suffering ones are my sons, and I will care for them." When individuals had given all, then cities and towns came forward with their credit to the extent of many millions, to aid these men and cheir families. Illinois gave the country the great general of the war — Ulysses S. Grant — since honored with two terms of the Presidency of the United States. One other name from Illinois comes up in all minds, embalmed in all hearts, that must have the suprem* place in this story of our glory and of our nation's honor ; that name is Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. The analysis of Mr. Lincoln's character is difficult on account of its symmetry. In this age we look with admiration at his uncompromising honesty. And well we may, for this saved us. Thousands throughout the length and breadth of our country who knew him only as " Honest Old Abe." voted for him on that account ; and wisely did they choose, for no other man could have carried us through the fearful night of the war. When his plans were too vast for our comprehension, and his faith in the cause too sublime for our participation ; when it was all night about us, and all dread before us, and all sad and desolate behind us ; when not one ray shone upon our cause; when traitors were haughty and exultant at the South, and fierce and blasphemous at the North ; when the loyal men here seemed almost in the minority ; when the stoutest heart quailed, the bravest cheek paled ; when generals were defeating each other for place, and contractors were leeching out the very heart's blood of the prostrate republic : when every thing else had failed us, w^e looked at this calm, patient man standing like a rock in the storm, and said : " Mr. Lincoln 132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLmOIS. is honest, and we. can trust him still." Holding to this single point with the energy of faith and despair we held together, and, under God, he brought us through to victory. His practical wisdom made him the wonder of all lands. With such certainty did Mr. Lincoln follow causes to their ultimate effects, that his foresight of contingencies seemed almost prophetic. He is radiant with all the great virtues, and his memory shall shed a glory upon this age that shall fill the eyes of men as they look into his- tory. Other men have excelled him in some point, but, taken at all points, all in all, he stands head and shoulders above every other man of 6,000 years. An administrator, he saved the nation in the perils of unparalleled civil war. A statesman, he justified his measures by their success. A philanthropist, he gave liberty to one race and salvation to another. A moralist, he bowed from the summit of human power to the foot of the Cross, and became a Christian. A mediator, he exercised mercy under the most absolute abeyance to law. A leader, he was no partisan. A coTnmander, he was untainted with blood. A ruler in desperate times, he was unsullied with crime. A man, he has left no word of passion, no thought of malice, no trick of craft, no act of jealousy, no purpose of selfish ambition. Thus perfected, without a model, and without a peer, he was dropped into these troubled years to adorn and embellish all that is good and all that is great in our humanity, and to present to all coming time "the representative of the divine idea of free government. It is not too much to say that away down in the future, when the republic has fallen from its niche in the wall of time ; when the great war itself shall have faded out in the distance like a mist on the horizon ; when the Anglo-Saxon language shall be spoken only by the tongue of the stranger ; then the generations looking this way shall see the great president as the supreme figure in this vortex of history CHICAGO. It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water, and next of fire; sown in weakness, and raised in power; planted among the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ; sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea , the youngest city of the world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas- cus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com- merce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to the East ; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou- sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber j LOCKPORT HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. m ro CO CO o ■< o l-l a 334 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. with schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens ; with liberties more con- spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first Carthage, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem — set your thoughts on all this, lifted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the divinity of its resurrection, and you will feel, as I do, the utter impossi- bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized world. When the doubt of her calamity was removed, and the horrid fact was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red- dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopylae, or Salamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill. Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common property of mankind. The early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his- tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property, and is cherished by every patriot. Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000 acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com- mands general attention. The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John Kinzie became his successor in 1804, in which year Fort Dearborn was erected. A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set- tlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were divided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it and one against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced 660 acres. The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the wagon-load in the street. I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. VS5 line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce handled in a year is ■'1215,000,000, and the produce weiglis 7,000,000 tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each minute, all tlie year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in 1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grain markets in Europe. The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In 1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876, 60,000. The manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000. No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came thundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets ? In June, 1852, there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now, who can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads, you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world, as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections. Pass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left, swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months in the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State. Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con- nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of 136 HISTOKY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. OLD FOKT DEAKBOEX, 1830. PKESENT SITE OF LAKE STKEET BEIDGE, CHICAGO, IX 1833. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 137 branches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River. I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central, described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, tlie Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen- tral and Great Western, give us many highwaj^s to the seaboard. Thus we reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts- burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water courses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to make a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that stretch from ocean to ocean. This is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her citizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural Drder of events, they will not be easily diverted. There is still another showing to all this. The connection between New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit- ablv through Chicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne. But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav- ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota, Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi- cago. But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city. Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look- ing up the Red River country to the British possessions ; the Chicago, Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line ; the Baltimore & Ohio; the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes; the Chicago & LaSalle Rail- road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati ; the Chicago and Canada Southern ; the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not less than $1,000,000,000. 138 HISTOIIY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and you will see something of the business of the city. THE COMMERCE OF THIS CITY has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of $20,000,000. In 1870 it reached -$^00,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed up above $150,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that. One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain enough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch is not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean vessels will continue to control the trade. The banking capital of Chicago is $21,481,000. Total exchange in 1875, 1659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was 1294,000,000. The rate of taxes is less than in any other great city. The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu- lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record. In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often only one mail a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post- master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes for the nabobs and literary men. It is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has grown to a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place, that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory immediately tributary to St. Louis. The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling as the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the river, and put himself under bonds to carry all the citizens free for the privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large bridges and two tunnels. In 1833 the government expended -130,000 on the harbor. Then commenced that series of manoeuvers with the river that has made it one HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. l^V^ of the world's curiosities. It used to wind around in the lower end of the town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the foot of Madison street. They took it up and put it down where it now is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in which to turn around. In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank roads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse- power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859. Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris- tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed $60 more for opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than plunge the town into such a gulf. Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy- sis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface, it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal- lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water- mains. The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about 140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. equally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and to the health of the city. That which really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul, the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely women marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk- ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch- ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them. But when once they are aroused on some subject, they put on new pro- portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out from its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power. They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder why they are in such high demand. So it is with our city. There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth, a power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon ceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation. The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are, first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities. They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both these laws help Chicago. The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across the map. The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the business. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year, and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis- tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati, instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of dominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — farther off than Paris is from London, — and yet they are near enough to prevent the springing up of any other great city between them. St. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up the Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea- port at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis. Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one- HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 141 fourth 9f the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelpliia, Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the South in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the thousand years; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits of natural wealth in mines aud forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder of to-day, aud will be the city of the future. MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. During the war of 1812, Fort Dearborn became the theater of stirring events. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs. Ivinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi- dents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu- tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian voyageurs^ with their wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attachment to the British. One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushiug into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming : " The Indians ! the Indians!" "What? Where?" eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. "Up at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, when the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined) living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and. for several weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed. On the 7th of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order. The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and let the Indians make distribution for themselves ; and while they are engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne." o HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 143 Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon ot the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed that treachery was designed — that the Indians intended to murder the white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displayino- a cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved his life. Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions araono" them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites. Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of war : and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other property had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed. Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said : " Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com- plaints and threats. On the following day when preparations were making to leave the fort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend- ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far distant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief, having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle. When news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late. Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the loth. It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people ; and when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa- sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token of his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt. Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event oi his death. 14t HISTOKY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. I HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 145 The procession moved slowly alon4" ^/ ^^^^ P LA J /V FIELD Abstract of I Illinois State Laws. BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. No promissory note, check, draft, bill of exchange, order, or note, negO' tiahle instrument payable at sight, or on demand, or on presentment, shall be entitled to days of grace. All other bills of exchange, drafts or notes are entitled to three dags of grace. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, Neiv Years'' Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day previous, and should two or more of these days come together, then such instrument shall be treated as due on the day previous to the first of said days. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (^assigned before due^ in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit, in collecting of the maker, unless suit would have been unavailing. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment unless otherwise expressed. In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be considered a calendar month or tivelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed, but after due they draw the legal interest, even if not stated. INTEREST. The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree in writ- ing on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of the whole of said interest, and only the principal can be recovered. DESCENT. When no ivill is made, the property of a deceased person is distrib- uted as follows : 152 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their deceased parents in equal parts among them. Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents, brothers and sisters of the deceased, and their descendants, in equal parts, the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking a double portion; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descendants. Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or children., or descendants of the same, then one-half of the real estate and the whole of the personaL estate shall descend to such ividoiv or surviving husband, absolutely, and the other half of the real estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no child or children or descendants of the same. Fourth. When there is a widow or surviving husband and also a child or children, or descendants of the latter, then one third of all the personal estate to the widow or surviving husband absolutely. Fifth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, then in equal parts to the next of kin to the intestate in equal degree. Collaterals shall not be represented except with the descendants of brothers and sisters of the intestate, and there shall be no distinction between kindred of the whole and the half blood. Sixth. If any intestate leaves a ividoiv or surviving husband and no kindred, then to such widow or surviving husband ; and if there is no such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to and vest in the county where the same, or the greater portion thereof, is situated. WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and exery female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must be in writing, signed by the testator or by some one in his or her presence and by his or her direction, and attested by two or more credible witnesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not inter- ested in the will. Persons knowing themselves to have been named in the will or appointed executor, must within thirty days of the death of deceased cause the will to be proved and recorded in the proper county, or present it, and refuse to accept ; on failure to do so are liable to forfeit the sum of tioenty dollars per month. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within three months from date of letters testamentary or ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 153 of administration. Executors' and administrators' compensation not to exceed six per cent, on amount of personal estate, and three })or cent. on money realized from real estate, with such additional allowance ae shall be reasonable for extra services. Appi-aisers' compensation $2 pei day. Notice requiring all claims to be presented against tlie estate shall b^ given by the executor or administrator within six months of being quali- fied. Any person having a claim and not presenting it at the time fixed by said notice is required to have summons issued notifying tlie executor or administrator of his having filed his claim in court ; in such cases the costs have to be paid by the claimant. Claims should be filed within two gears from the time administration is granted on an estate, as after that time they ure forever barred^ unless other estate is found that was not in- ventoried. Married women, infants, persons insane, imprisoned or without the United States, in the employment of tlie United States, or of this State, have two years after their disabilities are removed to file claims. Claims are classified and paid out of the estate in the following manner: First. Funeral expenses. Second. The widow's award, if there is a widow ; or children if there are ciiildren, and no ividow. Third. Expenses attending the last illness, not including physician's bill. Fourth. Debts due the common school or township fund. Fifth. All expenses of proving the ivill and taking out letters testa- mentary or administration, and settlement of the estate, and the physi- cian s bill in the last illness of deceased. Sixth. Where the deceased has received money in trust for any pur- pose, his executor or administrator shall pay out of his estate the amount received and not accounted for. Seventh. All other debts and demands of whatsoever kind, without regard to quality or dignity, which shall be exhibited to the court within two years from the granting of letters. Award to Widow and Children, exclusive of debts and legacies or be- quests, except funeral expenses : First. The family pictures and wearing apparel, jewels and ornaments of herself and minor children. Second. School books and the family library of the value of $100. Third. One sewing machine. Fourth. Necessary beds, bedsteads and bedding for herself and family. Fifth. The stoves and pipe used in the family, with the necessary cooking utensils, or in case they have none, $30 in money. Sixth. Household and kitchen furniture to the value of $100. Seventh. One milch cow and caffor every four members of her family. 154 ABSTBACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. Eighth. Two sheep for each member of her family, and the fleecea taken from the same, and one horse, saddle and bridle. Ninth. Provisions for herself and family for one year. Tenth. Food for the stock above specified for six months. Eleventh. Fuel for herself and family for three months. Twelfth. One hundred dollars worth of other property suited to her condition in life, to be selected by the ividow. The ividow if she elects may have in lieu of the said award, the same personal property or money in place thereof as is or may be exempt from execution or attachment against tlie head of a family. TAXES. The owners of real and personal property, on the first day of May in each year, are liable for the taxes thereon. Assessments should be completed before the fourth Monday in June., at which time the town board of review meets to examine assessments, hear objections., and make such changes as ought to be made. The county board have also power to correct or change assessments. The tax books are placed in the hands of the town collector on or before the tenth day of December, who retains them until the tenth day of March following, when he is required to return them to the county treasurer, who then collects all delinquent taxes. No costs accrue on real estate taxes till advertised, which takes place the first day of April, when three weeks' notice is required before judg- ment. Cost of advertising, twenty cents each tract of land, and ten cents each lot. Judgment is usually obtained at May term of County Court. Costs six cents each tract of land, and five cents each lot. Sale takes place in June. Costs in addition to those before mentioned, twenty-eight cents each tract of land, and twenty-seven cents each town lot. Real estate sold for taxes may be redeemed any time before the expi- ration of two years from the date of sale, hy payment to the County Clerk of the amount for which it was sold and twenty-five per cent, thereon if redeemed within six months, fifty per cent, if between six and twelve months, if between twelve and eighteen months seventy-five per cent., and if between eighteen months and two years one hundred per cent., and in addition, all subsequent taxes paid by the purchaser, with ten per cent, interest thereon, also one dollar each tract if i^otice is given by the purchaser of the sale, and a fee of twenty-five cents to the clerk for his certificate. JURISDICTION OF COURTS. Justices have jurisdiction in all civil cases on contracts for the recovery of moneys for damages for injury to real property, or taking, detaining, or ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 155 injuring personal property ; for rent; for all cases to recover damages done real or personal property by railroad companies, in actions of replevin^ and in actions for damages for fraud in the sale^ purchase, or exchange of per- sonal property, when the amount claimed as due is not over $200. They have also jurisdiction in all cases for violation of the ordinances of cities, towns or villages. A justice of the peace may orally order an officer or a private person to arrest any one committing or attempting to commit a criminal offense. He also upon complaint can issue his warrant for the arrest of any person accused of having committed a crime, and have him brought before him for examination. COUNTY COURTS Have jurisdiction in all matters of probate (except in counties having a population of one hundred thousand or over), settlement of estates of deceased persons, appointment of guardians and conservators, and settle^ ment of their accounts ; all matters relating to apprentices ; proceedings for the collection of taxes and assessments, and in proceedings of executors, administrators, guardians and conservators for the sale of real estate. In law cases they have concurrent jurisdiction with Circuit Courts in all cases where justices of the peace now have, or hereafter may have, jurisdiction when the amount claimed shall not exceed $1,000, and in all criminal offenses where the punishment is not imprisonment in the peni- tentiary, or death, and in all cases of appeals from justices of the peace and police magistrates; excepting when the county judge is sitting as a justice of the peace. Circuit Courts have unlimited jurisdiction. LIMITATION OF ACTION. Accounts five years. Notes and written contracts ten years. Judg- ments tiventy years. Partial payinents or new promise in writing, within or after said period, will revive the debt. Absence from the State deducted, and when the cause of action is barred by the law of another State, it has the same effect here. Slander and libel, one year. Personal injuries, two years. To recover land or make entr}^ thereon, tiventy years. Action to foreclose mortgage or trust deed, or make a sale, within ten years. All persons in possession of land, and paying taxes for seven consecu- tive years, with color of title, and all persons paying taxes for seven con- secutive years, with color of title, on vacant land, shall be held to be the legal owners to the extent of their paper title. MARRIED WOMEN May sue and be sued. Husband and wife not liable for each other s debts, either before or after marriage, but both are liable for expenses and edu- cation of the family. 156 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. She may contract the same as if unmarried, except that in a partner- ship business she can not, without consent of her husband, unless he has abandoned or deserted her, or is idiotic or insane, or confined in peniten- tiary ; she is entitled and can recover her own earnings, but neither hus- band nor wife is entitled to compensation for any services rendered for the other. At the death of the husband, in addition to widow's award, a married woman has a dower interest (one-third) in all real estate owned by her liusband after their marriage, and which has not been released by her, and the husband has the same interest in the real estate of the wife at her death. EXEMPTIONS FROM FORCED SALE. JSoyne worth $1,000, and the following Personal Property : Lot of ground and buildings thereon, occupied as a residence by the debtor, being a house- holder and having a family, to the value of $1,000. Exemption continues after the death of the householder for the benefit of widow and family, some one of them occupying the homestead until youngest child shall become twenty-one years of age, and until death of widow. There is no exemption from sale for taxes, assessments, debt or liability incurred for the purchase or improvement of said homestead. No release or waiver of exemption is valid, unless in writing, and subscribed by such householder and Avife (if he have one), and acknowledged as conveyances of real estate are required to be acknowledged. The following articles of personal property owned by the debtor, are exempt from execution, writ of attachment, and distress for rent : The necessary wearing apparel. Bibles, school books and family pictures of every person ; and, 2d, one hundred dollars worth of other property to be selected by the debtor, and, in addition, when the debtor is the head of a family and resides with the same, three hundred dollars worth of other property to be selected by the debtor ; provided that such selection and exemption shall not be made by the debtor or allowed to him or her from any money, salary or wages due him or her from any person or persons or corporations whatever. When the head of a family shall die, desert or not reside with the same, the family shall be entitled to and receive all the benefit and priv- ileges which are by this act conferred upon the head of a family residing with the same. No personal property is exempt from execution when judgment is obtained for the wages of laborers or servants. Wages of a laborer who is the head of a family can not be garnisheed, except the sum due him be in excess of $25. ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 167 DEEDS AND MORTGAGES. To be valid there must be a valid consideration. Special care should be taken to have them signed, sealed, delivered, and properly acknowl- edged, with the proper seal attached. Witnesses are not required. The acknoivledgement raust be made in this state, before Master in Chancery^ Notary Public^ United States Commissioner, Circuit or County Clerk, 'Justice of Peace, or any Court of Record having a seal, or any Judge, Justice, or Clerk of any such Court. When taken before a Notary Public, or United States Commissioner, the same shall be attested by his official seal, when taken l)efore a Cotirt or the Clerk thereof, the same shall be attested by the seal of such Court, and when taken before a Justice of the Peace resid- ing out of the county where the real estate to be conveyed lies, there shall be added a certificate of the County Clerk under his seal of office, that he was a Justice of the Peace in the county at the time of taking the same. A deed is good without such certificate attached, but can not be used in evidence unless such a certificate is produced or other competent evidence introduced. Acknowledgements made out of the state must either be executed according to the laws of this state, or there should be attached a certificate that it is in conformity with the laws of the state or country where executed. Where this is not done the same may be proved by any other legal way. Acknowledgments where the Homestead rights are to be waived must state as follows : " Including the release and waiver of the right of homestead." Notaries Public can take acknowledgements any where in the state. Sheriffs, if authorized by the mortgagor of real or personal property in his mortgage, may sell the property mortgaged. In the case of the death of grantor or holder of the equity of redemp" tion of real estate mortgaged, or conveyed by deed of trust where equity of redemption is waived, and it contains power of sale, must be foreclosed in the same manner as a common mortgage in court. ' ESTRAYS. JSorses, mules, asses, neat cattle, swine, sheep, or goats found straying at any time during the year, in counties where such animals are not allowed to run at large, or between the last day of October and the 15th day of April in other counties, the oivner thereof being unknown, may be taken up as estrays. No person not a householder in the county where estray is found can lawfidly take up an estray, and then only u^jon or about his farm or place of residence. Estrays should not be used before advertised, except animals giving milk, which may be milked for their benefit. 158 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. Notices must be posted up within five (5) days in tliree (3) of the most public places in the town or precinct in which estray was found, giv- ing the residence of the taker up, and a particular description of the estray, its age, color, and marks natural and artificial, and stating before what justice of the peace in such town or precinct, and at what time, not less than ten (10) nor more than fifteen (15) days from the time of post- ing such notices, he will apply to have the estray appraised. A copy of such notice should be filed by the taker up with the town clerks whose duty it is to enter the same at large, in a hook kept by him for that purpose. If the owner of estray shall hot have appeared and proved ownership^ and taken the same away, first paying the taker up his reasonable charges for taking up, keeping, and advertising the same, the taker up shall appear before the justice of the peace mentioned in above mentioned notice, and make an affidavit as required by law. As the affidavit has to he made hefore the justice, and all other steps as to appraisement, etc., are before him, who is familiar therewith, they are therefore omitted here. Any person taking up an estray at any other place than about or upon his farm or residence, or without complying with the law, shall forfeit and pay a fine of ten dollars with costs. Ordinary diligence is required in taking care of estrays, but in case they die or get away the taker is not liable for the same. GAME. It is unlawful for any person to kill, or attempt to kill or destroy, in any manner, any prairie hen or chicken or woodcock between the 15th day of January and the 1st day of September ; or any deer, fawn, wild-turkey, partridge or pheasant between the 1st day of February and the 1st day of October ; or any quail between the 1st day of February and 1st day of November ; or any wild goose, duck, snipe, brant or other water fowl between the 1st day of May and 15th day of August in each year. Penalty : Fine not less than $5 nor more than $25, for each bird or animal, and costs of suit, and stand committed to county jail until fine is paid, but not exceeding ten days. It is unlauful to hunt with gun, dog or net within the inclosed grounds or lands of another without permission. Penalty: Fine not less than $3 nor more than $100, to be paid into school fund. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. "Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit : ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 159 Pounds. Pounds. Stone Coal, - 80 Buckwheat, - - 52 Uiislacked Lime, - 80 Coarse Salt, - 50 Corn in the ear, - 70 Barle3s - - - - 48 Wiieat, - 60 Corn Meal, - 48 Irish Potatoes, - 60 Castor Beans, - 46 Wiiite Beans, - 60 Timothy Seed, - - 45 Clover Seed, - - 60 Hemp Seed, - - 44 Onions, - » _ - 57 Malt, - - . . - 38 Shelled Corn, - 56 Dried Peaches, - 33 Rye, - - - - - 56 Oats, - - - - - 32 Flax Seed, - 56 Dried Apples, - 24 Sweet Potatoes, - - 55 Bran, - - - - - 20 Turnips, - 55 Blue Grass Seed, - - 14 Fine Salt, - - 55 Hair (plastering), 8 Penaltjj for giving less than the above standard is double the amount of property wrongfully not given, and ten dollars addition thereto. MILLERS. The owner or occupant of every public grist mill in this state shall grind all grain brought to his mill in its turn. The toll for both steam and water mills, is, for grinding and bolting wheats rye, or other grain., one eighth part; for grinding Indian corn, oats, barley and huckivheat not required to be bolted, one seventh part; for grinding malt, and chopping ?i[\ kinds of grain, one eighth part. It is the duty of every miller when his mill is in repair, to aid and assist in loading and unloading all grain brouoht to him to be ground, and he is also required to keep an accurate half bushel measure, and an accurate set of toll dishes or scales for weiohino' the grain. The penalty for neglect or refusal to comply with the law is $5, to the use of any person to sue for the same, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of the county where penalty is incurred. Millers are accountable for the safe keeping of all grain left in his mill for the purpose of being ground, with bags or casks containing same (except it results from unavoidable accidents), provided that such bags or casks are distinctly marked with the initial letters of the owner's name. MARKS AND BRANDS. Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats may have one ear mark and one brand, but which shall be different from his neighbor's, and may be recorded by the county clerk of the county in which such property is kept. The fee for such record is fifteen cents. The record of such shall be open to examination free of charge. In cases of disputes as to marks or brands-, such record is vrima facie evidence. Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats that may have been branded by the former owner. lt)0 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. may be re-branded in presence of one or more of his neighbors, who shall certify to the facts of the marking or branding being done, when done, and in what brand or mark they were re-branded or re-marked, which certificate may also be recorded as before stated. ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. Children may be adopted by any resident of this state, by filing a petition in the Circuit or County Court of the county in which he resides, asking leave to do so, and if desired may ask that the name of the child be changed. Such petition, if made by a person having a husband or wife, will not be granted, unless the husband or wife joins therein, as the adoption must be by them jointly. The petition shall state name, sex, and age of the child, and the new name, if it is desired to change the name. Also the name and residence of the parents of the child, if known, and of the guardian, if any, and whether the parents or guardians consent to the adoption. The court must find, before granting decree, that the parents of the County ' ^^' I, — , do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be), that at a meeting of the members of the (here insert the name of the church, society or congregation as known before organization), held at (here insert place of meeting), in the County of , and State of Illinois, on the day of , A.D. 18 — , for that purpose, the fol- lowing persons were elected (or appointed) [here insert their names^ trustees, wardens, vestrymen, (or officers by whatever name they may choose to adopt, with powers similar to trustees) according to the rules and usages of such (church, society or congregation), and said 190 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. adopted as its corporate name (here insert name), and at said meeting this afifiant acted as (chairman or secretary, as the case may be). Subscribed and sworn to before me, this day of , A.D. 18—. Name of Affiant which affidavit must be recorded by the recorder, and shall be, or a certi- fied copy made by the recorder, received as evidence of such an incorpo- ration. No certificate of election after the first need be filed for record. The term of office of the trustees and the general government of the society can be determined by the rules or by-laws adopted. Failure to elect trustees at the time provided does not work a dissolution, but the old trustees hold over. A trustee or trustees may be removed, in the same manner by the society as elections are held by a meeting called for that purpose. The property of the society vests in the corporation. The corporation may hold, or acquire b}" purchase or otherwise, land not exceeding ten acres, for the purpose of the society. The trustees have the care, custody and control of the property of the corporation, and can, u'hen directed by the society, erect houses or improvements, and repair and alter the same, and may also when so directed by the society, mortgage, encumber, sell and convey any real or personal estate belonging to the corporation, and make all proper contracts in the name of such corporation. But thej' are prohibited by law from encumbering or inter- fering with any property so as to destroy the effect of any gift, grant, devise or bequest to the corporation ; but such gifts, grants, devises oi bequests, must in all cases be used so as to carry out the object intended by the persons making the same. Existing societies may organize in the manner herein set forth, and have all the advantages thereof. SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIPTION. The business of publishing books by subscription having so often been brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not authorized by the publisher ; in order to prevent that as much as possi- ble, and that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, the fol- lowing statement is made : A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described ; the consideration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the booh named, and deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The nature and character of the work is described in the prospectus and by the sample shown. These should be carefully examined before sub- scribing, as they are the basis and consideration of the promise to pay. ABSTRACT OF 1L,LIN0IS STATE LAWS. 191 and not the too often exaggerated statements of the agent^ who is.mereli/ employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he is usually paid a commission for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the publisher, as set out by prospectus and sample, in order to bind the principal, the subscriber should see that such conditions or changes are stated over or in connection with his signa- ture, so that the publisher may have notice of the same. All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any other business, should remember that the law as to written contracts is, that they can not be varied, altered or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in ivriting. It is therefore important that all persons contem- plating subscribing should distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as canvassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed mode, and have no authority to do it in any other way to the prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They cannot collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their buisness. It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instru- ment, would examine carefully ivhatitis ; if they can not read themselves, should call on some one disinterested who can. 192 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ITS AMENDMENTS. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general loelfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I. Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-live years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- tations one, Connecticut five, New York six. New Jersey four, Pennsylva- nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other ofificers, and shall have the sole jiower of impeachment. Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 19d tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall liave no vote unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President fro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- lature thereof; but the Congress ma}' at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three daj's, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, 194 coNSTirmox of the its'ited states felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. Xo Senator or Representative shall, duiing the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on . ther bUls. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law. be presented to the President the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall return it. with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bdl. it shall be sent, together with the objec- tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both hoiLses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the biU shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shaU have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- itations prescribed in the case of a bill. Sec. 8, The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United Gtates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; To resrulate commerce with foreisrn nations, and among the several Str.tes, and with the Indian tribes : To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States : To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures : To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the sectirities and current coin of the United States ; To establish post offices and post roads ; AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 195 To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, for ]'miied times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries ; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and oiTenses against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water ; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy ; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- pline prescribed by Congress ; To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by ihe consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be. for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings ; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- ment or officer thereof. Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev- enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 196 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States •, and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Article II. Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. [ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, • This clause between.brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth.amendment. AND ITS AMENDMENTS. IQf the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose i'rom then) by ballot the Vice-Presi- dent.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the ddj'' on which the}' shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same ajiall devolve on the Vice-Puesident, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The' President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during tlie period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- lowing oath or affirmation : " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have powei' to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be estal)lished by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 198 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfidly executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con- viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Article III. Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have' original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within anj^ state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. Article IV. Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 199 tlie Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicl.on of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- lence. Article V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other, mode of ratifi- cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. Aeticle VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 200 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ^ , ■ Article VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same. Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virgmia. Neiv Hampshire. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Gorham, RuFUS King. Connecticut. Wm. Sam'l Johnson, Roger Sherman. Delaware. Geo. Read, John Dickinson, Jaco. Broom, Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett. Maryland. James M' Henry, Danl. Carroll, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. Neiv York. Alexander Hamilton. New Jersey. WiL. Livingston, Wm. Paterson, David Brearley, JoNA. Dayton. Pennsylvania. B. Franklin, RoBT. Morris, Thos. Fitzsimons, James Wilson, Thos. Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, Jared Ingersoll, Gouv. Morris. Virginia. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. North Carolina. Wm. Blount, Hu. Williamson, Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. South Carolina. j. rutledge, Charles Pinckney, Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, Pierce Butler. Georgia. . William Few, Abr. Baldwin. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. AIJD ITS AJyiENDMENTS. 203 Articles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution OP the United States of America. Proposed hy Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. Article I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion^ or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Article II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the. security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Article III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- scribed by law. Article IV. The right of tlie people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers^ and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Article V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Article VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Article VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 204 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Article VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Article IX. The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Article X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. Article XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- jects of any foreign state. Article XII. The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- y^^l^c^^. MANHATTAN TP. O^^^^^y AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 205 ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the wliole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. Article XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- diction. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation. Article XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 206 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this act. Article XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation. ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. November 7, 1876. COUNTIES. Adams Alexander... Bond Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun Carroll Cass Champaign.. Christian Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook Crawford Cumberland. DeKalb DeWltt Douglas DuPage Edgar Edwards Effingham... Fayrtte Foru Franklin Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy , Hamilton... Hancock .. Hardin Henderson.. Henry Iroquois Jackson Jasper Jetferson ... Jersey Jo Daviess.. Johnson ... Kane Kankakee .. Kendall Knox Lake La .Salle Lawrence... Lee ® J= 3 S'gg •a S * C c* o — OH *- u " o • o 4953 1219 1520 1965 944 3719 441 2231 1209 4530 2501 1814 1416 1329 2957 36548 1355 1145 3679 1928 1631 2129 2715 970 1145 1881 1601 966 4187 703 1695 1996 627 3496 330 1315 4177 3768 2040 1346 1345 2907 1367 5398 262 1869 .5235 2619 6277 1198 3087 6308 1280 1142 363 1495 2218 900 918 1618 3103 3287 2197 1541 1989 2822 39240 1643 1407 1413 1174 1357 1276 2883 466 2265 2421 742 1302 4669 1140 3160 1142 1433 4207 611 1015 1928 2578 2071 41 17.... 17 43 183 145 111 74 604 207 236 112 132 102 277 38 129 65 746 94 25 161 61 43 57 204 391 89 282 1 108 770 10 1667 2166 2276 893 2850 1363 524 2632 1647 6001 1329 2080 134 1 340 249 106 647 'iw 61 172 26 309 141 55 514 27 100 11 COUNTIES. es and heeler, ubllcan. ^^'^ ®-M d ^ S 2 .^2 o 2^- -3 0.^ - O X « -su a.-:. Jl. o •was a < Livingston... Logan Macon Macoupin Madison Marlon Marshall . Mason Massac McDonough. McHenry McLean Menard Mercer Monroe Montgomery Morgan Moultrie Ogle Peona Pope Perry Piatt Pike Pulaski Putnam Randolph Richland Rock Island., Saline Sangamon ... Schuyler Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair Stephenson., Tazewell Union Vermilion... Wabash Warren Washington . Wavne White Whiteside..., Will Williamson. Winnebago. Woodford . . , Total 3550 2788 3120 3567 4554 2009 1553 1566 1231 2952 3465 6363 1115 2209 845 2486 3069 1245 3833 4665 1319 1541 1807 3055 1043 646 2357 1410 3912 930 4851 1522 910 2069 1140 4708 3198 2850 978 4372 650 2795 1911 1570 1297 3851 4770 1672 4505 1733 2134 2595 2782 4076 4730 2444 1430 19.39 793 2811 1874 4410 1657 1428 1651 3013 3174 1672 1921 5443 800 1383 1316 4040 772 459 2589 1552 2838 1081 5847 1804 1269 3553 786 5891 2758 3171 2155 3031 936 1984 1671 1751 2066 2131 8999 1644 1568 2105 1170 37 268 114 39 209 135 86 20 347 34 518 10 90 7 201 109 28 104 95 5 48 11 35 16 14 2 55 27 641 29 115 182 341 96 99 26 44 3 288 207 138 39 482 469 133 677 41 70 237 275958 257099 16951 130 157 Practical Rules for Every Day Use. How to find the gain or loss per cent, ivhen the cost and selling price art given. Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which will be the gain or loss. Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. How to change gold into currency. Rule. — Multiply the given sura of gold by tlie price of gold. Hoto to change currency into gold. Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. Hoiv to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership business. Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- tient will be the gain or loss per cent. Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be each one's share of the gain or loss. Hoiv to find gross and net weight and price of hogs. A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs, when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa. Note.— It is generally ;issunied that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent. of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by K or 25 per cent, of itself equals the Kress weight. To find the net weight or gross price. Multipl}^ the given number by .8 (tenths.) To find the gross iveight or net price. Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or ivagon-bed. Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct answer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point off one decimal place. Hoxv to find the contents of a corn-crib. Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short meihod, or (207) 208 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. by 4^ ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the answer in bushels. NOTK— In estliniUliiff com in the ear, tlie quality and the time it Uas been cribbed must be taken into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holdi good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided It is sound and clean. Hoiv to find the contents of a cistern or tank. Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off ONE decimal place^the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. How to find the contents of a barrel or cask. Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all in inches) in reversed order, so that its units will fall under the TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. Hoiv to measure hoards. Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. Hoiv to measure scantlings., joists, planks, sills, etc. Rule. — Multipl}- the width, the thickness, and the length together (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. Hoiv to find the number of acres m a body of land. Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. Hoiv to find the number of square yards in a floor or tvall. Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. ffoiv to find the number of bricks required in a building. Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22^. The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height and thickness (in feet) together. Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, but it 'is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. Sotv to find the number of shingles required in a roof. Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 4i inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 209 To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by .6 (tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration. NOTK.— By )i or }i pitch Is meant that the apex or coin h of the roof lstobe)i tlie width of the huilding hi||;her than the walls or base of tlic rafters. How to reckon the cost of hay. Rule. — Multiply the number of p6unds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left. How to measure grain. Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left. Note.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra busliel. The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by multiplying the number of bushels by 8. If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai corn to make 1 of shelled corn. Rapid rules for measuring land ivithout instruments. In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres. The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- ing, keep these objects constantly in line. Farmers and others by adopting the folloiving simple arid ingenious con- trivance^ may alivays carry tvith them the scale to construct a correct yard measure. Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. To find how many rods in letigth tvill 7nake an acre., the width being given. Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 210 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given. Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left. The diameter being given, to find the circumference. Rule. — Multiply the diameter ])y 3 1-7. How to find the diameter, ivhen the circumference is given. Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared. Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. Creneral rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by ^44. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. Hoioard's new rule for computing interest. Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left ; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left. Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. Note.— The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting tlie rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, in- verted, becomes 3^ of a month, or 10 days. When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, three ones. Rule for converting English into American currency. Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. A township — 36 sections each a mile square. A section — 640 acres. A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide — 80 acres. A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 211 The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner. The sections are divided into quarters, wliicli are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- scription of a forty acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be ; and sometimes Avill fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 7 02-100 inches make 1 link. 25 links " 1 rod. 4 rods " 1 chain. 80 chains " 1 mile. Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or QQ feet. Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- corn ; three of which made an inch. Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches — called a hand. In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches. The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. A fathom is equal to 6 feet. A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league. In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- quiring a primary knowledge of the ijrinciples of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers. 212 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 1875. A. H. JACKSON. Dr. Cr. Jan. Feb. March April May (( July 10 17 4 4 8 8 13 37 9 9 6 24 4 To 7 bushels Wheat at $1.25 By shoeing span of Horses — To 14 bushels Oats ...at$ .45 To 5 lbs. Butter.. at .25 By new Harrow — By sharpening 2 Plows By new Double-Tree To Cow and Calf. To half ton of Hay By Cash. By repairing Corn-Planter. To one Sow with Pigs . . By Cash, to balance account 18 75 n 6 30 1 25 18 2 48 00 6 25 25 4 17 50 35 188 188 05 50 00 40 25 00 75 15 05 1875. CASSA MASON. Dr. Cr. Marrh 21 Rv 3 davs' labor .-. . . at $1.25 16 8 10 2 2 20 18 00 10 00 75 70 00 20 $3 25 12 18 9 167 75 " 21 " 23 May 1 " 1 To 2 Shoats To 18 bushels Corn. By 1 month's Labor. at 3.00 at .45 00 To Cash . - - June 19 Bv 8 davs' Mowinar .. . -.- at $1.50 00 " 26 To 50 lbs. Flour July 10 " 29 Aug. 12 " 12 To 27 lbs. Meat. By 9 days' Harvesting By 6 days' Labor To Cash .. at $ .10 at 2.00 at 1.50 00 00 Sept. 1 To Cash to balance account _ .. 167 75 75 INTEREST TABLE. A Simple Rulk for accuratelt Computing Interest at Anv Given Per Cent, for any Length of Time. Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide tliis itrnduct by the quotient oljtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent, of interest, andt/ie quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. illustration. Solution. Requiretheinterestof $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An $462.50 Interest month is 30 davs; one month and eighteen days eiiual 48 days. $462.50 multi- .48 plied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and $222.0000 divided by 60 will give you the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of 370000 interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 185000 (because 360 divided bv 13 gives 30); u 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per - — cent., by 45; and in like manner for any other per cent. 60/$222.0000($3.7O 180 420 420 00 MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 12 dozen, 1 Gross. 20 things, I Score. I 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. I 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. 24 sheets of paper. 1 Quire. 20 quires paper 1 Ream. 4 ft. wide, 4 ft. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 213 NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region. Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time owned that section of the country. Alabama Avas so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." Arkansas^ from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water."* Its prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," after Charles the Ninth of France. G-eorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first established a colony there in 1732. Tennessee is the Indian name for the "River of the Bend," i.e.., the Mississippi which forms its western boundary. Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." Ohio means "• beautiful ; " loiva^ " drowsy ones ; " Mimiesota, " cloudy water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel." Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French suffix ois, together signifying "tribe of men." Michigan was called by the name given the Icike, fish-tveir, which was so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly applies to the river that flows through it. Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river. Cortes named California. Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long River." Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of England. Nexo York was named by the Duke of York. Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William Penn, its orignal owner. 214 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. Delaware after Lord De La Ware. New Jersey^ so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel. Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. Vermont^ from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green Mountain. New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was formerly called Laconia. The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble. Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. STATES AND TERRITOEIES. Alaljaina Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia XUlnois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massacliusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina .. ■Ohio. Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina... Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Total States., Arizona Colorada Dakota District of Columbia. Idaho Montana New Mexico Uuh WSwhington Wyoming Total Population. Total Territories Total United States 38,555,983 996. 484. 560, 537, 125, 187, 1,184, 2,539, 1,680, 1,191, 364, 1,321, 726, 626, 780, 1,457, 1,184, 439, 827, 1,721, 122, 42, 318. 906, 4,382. 1,071. 2,665, 90, 3,521. 217, 705, 1,258. 818. 330. 1,225, 442, 1,054, 992 471 247 454 015 748 109 891 637 792 399 Oil 915 915 894 351 059 706 922 295 993 491 300 096 7.59 361 260 923 791 3.53 606 520 579 551 163 014 670 38.113,253 9,658 39,864 14,181 131.700 14,999 20,595 91,874 86,786 23,955 9,118 442,730 POPULATION OF FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES. Cities. New York, N. Y Philadelphia, Pa Brooklyn, N. Y^ St. Louis, Mo Chicago, 111 Baltimore, Md Boston, Mass Cincinnati, Ohio New Orleans, La. .. .San Francisco, Cal.. Buffalo, N. Y Washington, D. C... Newark. N. J Louisville, Ky Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburg, Pa Jersey City, N. J ... Detroit, Mich Milwaukee, Wis Albany, N. Y Providence, R. I Rochester, N. Y Allegheny, Pa Richmond, Va New Haven, Conn.. Charleston, S. C Indianapolis, Ind... Troy, N. Y' Syracuse, N. Y Worcester, Mass Lowell. Mass Memphis, Tenn Cambridge, Mass... Hartford, Conn ■Scranton, Pa Reading, Pa Paterson, N. J Kansas City, Mo Mobile, .\la Toledo, Oliio Portland, Me Columbus. Ohio Wilmington, Del Dayton, Ohio Lawrence, Mass Utica, N. Y Charlestown, Mass Savannah, Ga Lynn. Mass Fall River, Mass... Aggregate Population. 942, 674, 396, 310, 298. 267, 250, 216, 191, 149. 117, 109, 105, 100, 92, 86, 82, 79, 71, 69 68 62. 53, 61 50. 48, 48 46, 43, 41, 40, 40. 39, 37, 35, 33 33 32 32 31 31 31 .30, 30, 28 28 38 28, 28, 26, 292 022 099 864 977 354 526 239 418 473 714 199 059 53 829 076 .546 577 440 422 904 386 180 038 840 956 244 465 051 105 928 225 634 180 092 930 579 260 034 .584 ,413 274 841 473 921 804 323 235 233 766 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 21a POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. ,Statks and territokiks. square Miles. States. AlAl>aina 50.722 Arkansas Califnrni.l 52,198 IHS MKl Connecticut Delaware 4.674 2,120 Florida GeorKia Illinois 59.268 58.000 55.410 1 11(11 Ana 33 809 55,045 Kansas Kenluclty Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts... Michigan* 81,318 37,600 41,346 31,776 11,184 7,800 56,451 83,531 Mississippi IMlssouri 47,156 65,350 Nel)raska Nevada 75.995 112,090 New llainpsliire. New Jersey New York North Carolina.. Ohio 9,280 8.320 47.000 50.704 39.964 Oregon 95,244 Area in POPl'LATION. 1870. 1,350,544 528,349 ■ 857;039 996,992 484.471 560,247 537.454 12.5.015 187.748 1.184,109 2.539,891 1,680,637 1,191.792 364,399 1,321,011 726,915 626,915 780,894 1,457,351 1,184,059 439,706 827,922 1,721,295 123,993 42.491 318.300 906,096 4,382.759 1,071,361 2,665.260 90,923 Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874. 1875. 1.651,912 1,334,031 598,429 246,280 52,540 1.026..502 4,705,208 Miles K. U. 1872. 1,671 25 1,013 820 227 466 2,108 5,904 3,529 3.160 1,760 1,123 539 871 820 1,606 2,235 1,612 990 2,580 828 593 790 1,265 4,470 1,190 3,740 lo9 State.s ani> Tkrkitorik.s. states. Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina... Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Total States Territories. Arizona Colorado Dakota Dist. of Columbia. Idaho Montana New Mexico Utah Wasliington Wyoming Total Territories. Area In sciuare Mile.s. 46,000 1.306 29,385 45,600 237..504 10.212 40.904 23,000 53.924 Population. 1,950,171 113,916 104,500 147,490 60 90,932 143.776 121,201 80,056 69,944 93,107 965,032 1870. 3,521,791 217,353 70.5.606 1,258,520 818,579 330.551 1,22.5,163 442.014 1,0.54.670 38,113,253 9,658 39,864 14,181 131.700 14,999 20.595 91.874 86.786 23.955 9.118 442,730 1875. 258,239 925,145 1,236.729 Miles R. R. 1872. 5.113 136 1,201 1,.520 865 675 1,490 485 1,725 59,587 392 375 ■■■4'98 1,265 Aggregate of U. ,S.. 2,915,203 38,555,983' 60,852 • Included in tlie Railroad Mileage of INIaryland. PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD l^OPULATION AND ArEA. Countries. Population. China Britisli Kuipire Russia United States with Alaska. . . France Austria and Hungary Japan Great Britain and Ireland. . . German Empire Italy Spain Brazil Turkey Mexico Sweden and Norway Persia Belgium Bavaria Portugal Holland Aew Grenada Chili Switzerland Peru Bolivia Argentine Republic Wurteniburg Denmark , Venezuela , Baden Greece Guatemala Ecuador Paraguay Hesse Liberia San Salvador Haytl Nicaragua Uruguay Honduras San Domingo Costa Rica Hawaii 446,500.000 226.817.108 81,925,410 38,925,600 .36,469.800 35.904,400 34,785,300 31,817,100 29,906,092 27,439,921 16.642,000 10.000.000 16.463.000 9.173.000 5,921,500 5,000.000 5.021.300 4,861,400 3.995.200 3.688.300 3.000.000 2,000,000 2,669,100 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,812,000 1,818,500 1,784.700 1,500.000 1,461.400 1,457.900 1,180,000 1,, 300, 000 1,000,000 823,1,38 718,000 600,000 572,000 350.000 300.000 350,000 136,000 165.000 62.950 Date of Census. 1871 1871 1871 1870 1866 1869 1871 1871 1871 1871 1867 1869 1870 1870 1869 1871 1868 1870 1870 1869 1870 1871 '1869 1871 1870 'isii 1870 1871 1871 '1871 1871 '1871 1871 1871 'i87'6 Area in Square ftliles. 3.741,846 4,677,432 8,003,778 2,603,884 204,091 240.348 149,399 121,315 160,207 118,847 195,775 3,253.029 672,621 761,526 292.871 635.964 11.373 29.292 34.494 12,680 357.157 132,616 15,992 471.838 497. .321 871.848 7,533 14,753 368,238 5,912 19,353 40.879 218,928 63,787 2,969 9,576 7,335 10,205 58,171 66,722 47,092 17,827 21,505 7,633 Inhabitants to Square Mile. 119.3 48.6 10.2 7.78 178.7 149.4 232.8 262.3 187. 230.9 85. 3.07 24.4 20. 7.8 441.5 165.9 115.8 290.9 8.4 15.1 166.9 5.3 4. 2.1 241.4 120.9 4.2 247. 75.3 28.9 5.9 15.6 277. 74.9 81.8 56. 6. 6.5 7.4 7.6 7.7 80. Capitals. Pekin London St. Petersl)urg.. Washington Paris Vienna Yeddo London Berlin Rome Madrid Rio Janeiro (Constantinople . Mexico Stockholm Teheran Brussels Munich l.,isbon Hague Bogota Santiago Berne Lima Cliuquisaca Buenos Ay res. . Stuttgart Copenhagen Caraccas Carlsruhe .\thens Guatemala Quito .\suncion Darmstadt Monrovia Sal Salvador ... Port an Prince Managua Monte Video... C'omayagua •San Domingo... San .Jose Honolulu Population. 1,648,800 3,251,800 667,000 109,199 1,825.300 833,900 1,5.54,900 3,251,800 825,400 244,484 332,000 420,000 1,075,000 210,300 136,900 120,000 314,100 169,, 500 224.063 90,100 45,000 115,400 36.000 160,100 25,000 177.800 91.600 162,042 47,000 36,600 43,400 40,000 70,000 48,000 30,000 3,000 15,000 20,000 10,000 44.500 12,000 ao,ooo 2,000 7,643 216 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION POPUI./lTION of ILLINOIS, By Counties. COtrXTIES. Adams Alexander. . Bond Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun Carroll Cass Champaign. Christian .. Clark- Clay. Clinton Coles - Cook Crawford Cumberland De Kaib... De Witt... Douglas Du Page.. . Edgar Edwards Effingham.. Fayette Ford Franklin Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy Hamilton . . Hancock Hardin Henderson . Henry Iroquois Jackson Jasper Jefferson... Jersey Jo Daviess. Johnson Kane Kankakee. Kendall ... Knox Lake La Salle .. Lawrence.. Lee Livingston Logan A60RB0ATB. 1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. 1830. 1820 56362 10564 I3152 12942 12205 32415 6562 16705 II580 32737 20363 187I9 15875 16285 25235 349966 13889 12223 23265 14768 13484 16685 21450 7565 15653 19638 9103 12652 38291 III34 20277 14938 13014 35935 5113 12582 35506 25782 19634 1 1234 17864 15054 27820 11248 39091 24352 12399 39522 21014 60792 12533 27171 31471 23053 41323 4707 9815 11678 9938 26426 5144 11733 11325 14629 10492 14987 9336 10941 14203 144954 11551 8311 19086 10820 7140 14701 16925 5454 7816 1 1 189 1979 9393 33338 8055 16093 10379 9915 2go6i 3759 9501 20660 12325 9589 8364 12965 12051 27325 9342 30062 15412 13074 2S663 18257 48332 9214 17651 11637 14272 26508 2484 6144 7624 7198 8841 3231 4586 7253 2649 3203 9532 4289 5139 9335 43385 7135 3718 7540 5002 9290 10692 3524 3799 8075 5681 22508 5448 12429 3023 6362 14652 2887 4612 3807 4149 5862 3220 8109 7354 18604 4114 16703 7730 13279 14226 17815 6l8I 5.292 1553 5128 14476 3313 5060 1705 4183 3067 1741 1023 2981 1475 1878 7453 3228 3718 9616 10201 4422 1697 3247 3535 8225 3070 1675 6328 3682 13142 10760 11951 3945 9946 1378 1260 1695 3566 1472 5762 4535 6180 3626 6501 7060 2634 9348 7092 2035 759 2333 2186 1390 3124 1090 3940 755 2330 3117 4071 1649 2704 4083 1841 7405 7674 2616 483 41 1828 2555 2111 1596 274 3668 626 2931 931 *23 2999 3444 1763 3155 1542 691 843 MISCELLANEOUS INFOKMATION. 217 POPULATION OF ILLINOIS— Concluded. COUNTIES. Macon Macoupin.. Madison Marion Marshall Mason Massac McDonough, McHenry .. McLean Menard Mercer Monroe Montgomery Morgan Moultrie Ogle Peoria Perry Piatt Pike- - Pope. Pulaski Putnam Randolph... Richland ... Rock Island Saline Sangamon .. Schuyler Scott Shelby- Stark'. St. Clair Stephenson.. Tazewell Union Vermilion. . Wabash .... Warren . Washington. Wayne White Whitesides . . Will Williamson.. Winnebago.. Woodford... Total... AGORBOATK. 1870. 26481 32726 44131 20622 16950 161S4 95S1 26509 23762 5398S II735 18769 12982 25314 23463 IO3S5 27492 47540 13723 10953 307D8 II437 8752 62S0 20859 12803 297S3 12714 46352 17419 10530 25476 IO751 5106S 3060S 27903 16518 303S8 8841 23174 17599 19758 16S46 27503 43013 17329 29301 18956 2539891 1860. 13738 24602 3125I 12739 13437 IO93I 6213 20069 22089 28772 9584 15042 12S32 13979 22II2 63S5 22888 36601 9552 6127 27249 6742 3943 5587 17205 9711 21005 9331 32274 14684 9069 14613 9004 37694 25112 21470 11181 19800 7313 18336 13731 12223 12403 18737 29321 12205 24491 132S2 1711951 1860. 3988 12355 20441 6720 5180 5921 4092 7616 14978 IO163 6349 5246 7679 6277 16064 3234 10020 17547 5278 1606 18819 3975 2265 3924 11079 4012 6937 5588 19228 10573 7914 7807 3710 20180 11666 12052 7615 1 1492 4690 8176 6953 6S25 8925 5361 16703 7216 11773 4415 851470 1840. 3039 7926 14433 474 1849 5308 2578 6565 4431 2352 4481 4490 19547 3479 6153 3222 11728 4094 2131 7944 2610 14716 6972 6215 6659 1573 13631 2800 7221 5524 9303 4240 6739 4810 5133 7919 2514 10167 4457 4609 476183 1830. 1820. II22 1990 6221 2125 (*) 2000 2953 I27I4 I215 2396 3316 '"I3IO 4429 12960 32959 2972 7078 4716 3239 5836 2710 308 1675 2553 6091 1574-15 13550 *2I I516 2610 3492 *5 5248 2362 1517 1114 4828 =^49 55162 218 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. STATE LAWS Relating to Rates of Interest and Penalties for Usury. States and Territories. Legal i Rate al- Rate of lowed by Interest.] Contract. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Dakota Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine per cent I 8 lo 6 lo lO 7 7 6 6 8 7 lO 6 6 6 8 6 5 6 Maryland I 6 Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Ontario, Canada Oregon Pennsylvania Quebec, Canada Rhode Island South Carolin i Tennessee Texas ... Utah Vermont , Virginia Washington Territorv West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyominj. 6 7 7 6 6 lo lo lO 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 lO 6 6 6 7 6 8 lO 6 6 lO 6 7 12 per cent. 8 Any rate. lO Any rate. Any rate. 7 12 6 lO Any rate. 12 24 lO lO lO 12 8 8 Any rate. 6 Any rate, lo 12 lO lO Any rate 12 Any rate 6 7 Any rate 7 8 8 Any rate 12 Any rate Any rate Any rate Any rate lO 12 Any rate 6 6* Any rate 6* lO Any rate Penalties for Usury. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of principal and interest. Forfeiture of excess of interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of principal. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. Fine and imprisonment. Forfeiture of entire interest Forfeiture of excess of interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of ex. of in. above 12 per cent. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of excess of interest. Forfeiture of ex. of in. above 7 per cent. No Usury Law in this State. Forfeiture of excess of interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of thrice the excess and co<;ls. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of contract. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of excess abo\ e 6 per cent. Forfeiture of excess of intcre<^t. Forfeiture of excess of interest. Forfeiture of excess of interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. Forfeiture of excess of interest. Forfeiture of entire interest. * Except in cases defined by statutes of the State. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 219 STATE LAWS Relating to Limitations of Actions : Showing Limit of Time in which Action may be Brought on the following : States and Tbrbitories. Alabama Arkansas California, Colorado Connecticut Dakota Delaware District oi Columbia . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri... Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Ontario (U. Canada).. Oregon Pennsylvania Quebec (L. Canada).. Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont V'lrginia Washington Territory West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Assault slander, &c. Open Accts. Notes. Judg- ments. Scaled and witnessed Instru- ments. Years. I Years. 3 Years. 6 Years. 20 Years. 10 I 3 5 10 10 I I 3 2 2 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 5 3 20 20 5 3 17 20 I 3 6 20 20 I 3 3 12 12 2 I 4 4 5 6 20 7 20 20 2 I 2 2 5 6 4 lO 20 5 20 2o 5 10 20 2 5 lO 20 10 I I I 2 3 2 3 6 5 5 20 5 IS 10 20 IS IS 20 20 I 2 2 2 3 6 6 6 3 20 6 6 12 20 6 10 12 20 lO 6 I 2 3 5 6 lO 7 20 7 10 2 5 lO 10 10 I 2 2 4 2 6 5 4 6 5 5 20 10 4 20 2 6 6 20 16 I 6 lo 10 10 2 6 6 20 20 3 I 2 3 6 6 3 6 10 15 20 10 IS 20 2 6 6 10 20 I 6 6 20 20 I I 5 6 1 30 20 30 20 2 I 6 6 6 6 20 10 20 6 I I 2 2 2 6 4 4 4 10 5 8 5 7 8 I 2 5 3 5 6 10 6 20 6 I 2 5 6 10 6 10 20 10 20 I 6 15 15 15 PRODUCTIONS OF AGRICULTURE, STATE OF ILLINOIS, BY COUNTIES.— 1870, JOUNTIES. Total Adams Alexander ... Bond Boone Brown Bureau CalUoun Carroll Cass , Champaign.. Christian Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook Crawford Cunil)erlaud. DeKalb DeWitt Doughvs DuPage Edgar Edwards. ... Effingham.... Fayette Ford Franklin Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy.. . .. Hamilton Hancock Hardin Henderson. . Henry Ironuois. . .. Jackson Jasper .. .. Jetf ersou Jersey JoDaviess .. Johnson . . Kane Kankakee.... Kendall Knox '..ake LaSalle Lawrence . . . Lee Livingston... Logan Macon Macoupin Madison Marlon Marshall Mason Massac McDonough.. McHenry McLean Menard Mercer Monroe Montgomery. , Morgan Moultrie Ogle Peoria Perry Piatt Pike Pope Pulaski Putnam Randolph Richland Rock Island.., Saline Sangamon Schuyler Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair Stephenson ... Tazewell Union Vermilion AVabash AV'arren Washington.. Wayne AVh'ite Whitesides AViU Williamson .., Winnebago V.'oodford Improved Land. Number. 19.329.952 Woodl'nd Other un- improved Number, Number. 5.061.578 1,491.331 Spring Wheat. liu.shel.s, 10.133.207 Winter Wheat. Bushels. Bushels. 19.99.5.198 2.456,578 Rye. Indian Corn. Oats. Bushels. Bushels. 129.921, 39.i 42,780.851 287.926 13.836 145,045 137.307 57,062 398,611 37,684 186.864 92.902 419.368 241,472 118.594 146,922 150,177 208,337 348.824 105,505 75,342 334,502 168,539 147,633 164,874 ^65,458 58,912 120,343 187,196 141.228 80,749 ;J28,132 49,572 175,408 193,999 88,996 311,517 28,117 140,954 265,904 322,510 78,548 90,86' 118,951 94,14' 156,517 57,820 240,120 312,182 164,004 330,829 207,779 533,724 87,828 322,212 377,505 321,709 205,259 231.059 257,032 173,081 166,057 209,453 25,151 261,635 230,566 494.978 134.173 222.809 92,810 276,682 293,450 144,220 316,883 170,729 93,754 94,454 233,785 55,980 19,319 37,271 140,764 75,079 155,214 72,309 421,748 96,195 85,331 310,179 138,129 231,117 254,857 229,126 7.5,832 360,251 54,063 266,187 177.592 147.352 92,398 289,809 419,442 128,448 241,373 22.5,504 112,576 17,761 42,613 29,886 3.5,491 41,866 63.443 29,793 33,493 16,789 19,803 102,201 80,612 48,868 45,214 19,635 78,350 40,334 17,722 29,548 11,897 17,243 66,803 57,585 56.330 93,460 2,996 3,994 123,823 68,750 93,242 6,256 93,878 43,385 44,771 34,705 12,620 22,478 87,642 67,023 94,888 51,42 82,07 3 34,646 10,978 14,244 41,566 21,072 48,11 : 72,738 12,071 12,462 17,394 18,153 81,224 89,450 61,579 ?8,26() Jl,739 33,396 52,547 53,293 40,366 34,931 45,977 83,369 47,804 60,217 24,783 43,643 48,666 68,470 5,978 128,953 87,754 12,516 17,184 162.274 50,618 31,239 70,393 51,085 62,477 44,633 74,908 12,375 76,591 43,167 45,268 83,606 53,078 37,558 27,294 55,852 146,794 78,167 21.823 24,261 116,949 37.238 25,217 19,370 1,915 2,658 25,608 15,803 2,754 33,302 6,604 58,502 19,173 5,420 5,225 8,722 3,274 17,337 27,185 5,604 6,551 17,633 7,316 3.851 14,282 830 26,206 16,786 63,976 86,710 4,076 2,565 29,653 4,505 3,343 18.480 107 14,243 31,459 63,498 5.991 12,250 778 1,363 45,779 79,141 399 10,598 2,283 25.155 24,399 2,356 3,27S 7,409 41,788 408 9,115 7,343 13,675 4,142 2,976 31,013 30 14,035 57,998 49,08T 13,952 22,588 666 8,495 1,376 13,112 14,913 2,516 220 1.3,89' 9,302 4.174 1.170 2.025 20,755 809 19,932 21.294 1,610 9,314 2,783 2,016 13,701 14,846 5,300 31,122 509 14,583 1.931 10,486 869 37.310 6,335 1,648 1.5,237 23,135 16,191 700 241,042 13,276 465,236 75 418,073 12,165 102,577 18,360 1,894 500 2,651 144,296 60 550 398,059 106,493 7,683 106,096 13,283 77 42,571 365 193,669 21,700 129 181,378 13 161,112 462,379 57,160 890 282,758 188,826 103,466 90,681 267,764 168,914 271,181 450,793 120,206 198,056 55,239 160 550 106,129 73,261 273,871 401,790 211,801 36,152 289,291 59 18,196 17,128 497,038 92,361 26.382 130 28,137 450 243,541 200 89.304 56,221 18 15.526 124,630 2,550 527,394 132,417 44,806 ' 186; 290 266 457,455 195,286 176 408,606 178,139 947.616 42,658 368,625 599 117,502 724 221,298 260 127,054 123,091 504,041 195,118 85.73. 610,888 154,485 4,904 212,924 84,69 190 11,695 65,461 693 247,360 122,703 19.5,716 351,310 1,008 111,324 223,930 83,093 577,400 150 92,34 232,750 32,306 69,062 445 10,480 329,036 87.808 100,553 558,367 555 92,191 325 480 1,249 7,654 221 2,193 264,134 2.260 1,339 40,963 196,613 861,398 1,207,181 173,652 900 125,628 72.316 36,146 270 10,955 45,793 13,203 651,767 744,891 357,523 196,436 5,580 31.843 350, 4 4 (j 39,762 1,057,497 70,457 44,922 796 1,031,022 150,268 2.279 83.011 247,658 165.724 266,105 452,015 1,562.621 2,118 72.410 180,231 249.558 202,201 5,712 672,486 164,689 184,321 264 1,996 170,787 2,468 108,307 20,989 30 6,240 35,871 4,742 43,811 186 2.5.721 2.772 45,752 10,722 7,308 3,221 1,619 8,825 20,171 15,497 14,798 21,018 11,540 9,01 7,532 37,508 528 19,759 25,328 11,577 .5.195 131,711 512 415 4,93(1 11,672 133,533 865 96,430 35,766 23,259 524 9,16.'j 5,934 7.185 2,468 23,618 12,935 5,168 113,54'; 5,87(1 48,30s 1,121 14,829 26,163 37,232 29,223 2,404 3,685 r4,5r 36,135 49,182 544 52,401 29,264 39.824 4,283 40,778 1,425 3,296 5,535 6,670 157,504 99,502 1,01(1 9,248 25,303 2,309 • 222 7.707 3,235 3.401 20,003 568 23,073 20,841 930 23.686 30.534 1,008 135,362 59,027 1,737 52,476 72,212 2,576 8,665 418 31,658 8,030 6,228 137,985 20.426 1,452,905 244,220 1,064,052 466,985 337,769 3,030,404 234,041 1,367.965 1,146.980 3,924,720 1,883,336 614,58i' 1,019,994 813.257 2,133,111 570,427 581,964 403,075 1,023,849 1,311,635 1,680,225 331,981 2,107,615 352,371 620,247 962,525 565,671 653,209 1,508,763 509,491 1,051,313 295,971 735,2.52 1,510.401 172,651 1,712,901 2,541,683 799,810 611,951 461,345 887,981 519,120 1,286,326 343,298 674,333 637,399 681,267 2,708,319 517,353 3,077,028 656,363 1,656,97!- 1,182,69(5 4,221,640 2,214,468 1,051,544 2.127,549 1,034,05 l,182,90:i 2,648,72(1 133.12(i 1,362,490 1,145.005 3,723.379 1,973.881 2,054,962 543,71 1,527,898 3,198,835 1,753.141 1,787,066 969,224 384.446 1,029.725 1,399,188 315,958 195,735 334,259 510,08(1 482.594 1.459,653 531,516 4,388,763 440,975 752,771 2,082,578 1,149 878 1,423.121 1,615,679 2,062,053 679,753 2,818,027 421,361 2,982,853 836.115 1,179,291 870. .521 2,162,943 1.131,458 655,710 1,237.406 2,154.185 759,074 21,627 461,097 579,127 ■ 70.852 987.426 26,234 775, IOC 168,784 721,375 383,821 212,628 269,945 446,324 315.954 1,584,225 136,255 171,880 1,087,074 216,756 225,074 860,809 290,679 129,152 386.073 497,395 154,589 222,426 261,390 27,164 64,029 269,332 203,464 579,599 26,991 229,286 668,367 430,746 149,931 149,214 285,949 71,770 874,016 74,525 785,608 772,408 468,890 787,952 699,069 1,509,642 131,386 903,197 659,300 490,226 454,648 459,417 475,252 389,446 362,604 272,660 22,097 280,717 910.397 911,127 235,091 452,889 152,251 668,424 198,724 263,992 141,540 334,892 338,760 130,610 161,419 67,886 16,511 86,519 414,487 204,634 276,575 69,793 397,718 119,359 13,462 637,812 316,726 476,851 960,620 505,841 124,473 436,051 110,793 601.054 533,398 404,482 119.652 880.838 1,868.682 180,986 868,903 744,581 ''{^,4 la- ■ f ' y^^^^^^-^z^^-T^^ HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. By Hon. George H. Woodruff. INTRODUCTORY. It is probably well known to most who will read these pages, that the writer, some few years since, delivered two lectures on the early history of Joliet and Will County, which Mr. James Goodspeed thought worth printing and publish- ing. Those lectures were hastily prepared, and the record which they gave was very imperfect. Many names of early settlers were overlooked, and one entire' settlement was strangely omitted in copying. The writer is, therefore, very glad of an opportunity to revise and rewrite the sketch, adding many more names of the first settlers and noticing many matters in our later history. We will, at the same time, omit much that appears in "Forty Years Ago," that was not strictly historical. There will be found in the following pages brief notices, also, of many of our early prominent citizens who have passed away. But no one will be more sensible than the writer that the record will still be imperfect, and that some names will probably be left out, and many matters escape notice which some one will think to be unpardonable omissions. This is one of the things which detract from the pleasure of writing local annals ; but it seems unavoidable, as no one can know and remember everything, and both the time and space allotted to the writer are limited. In one respect, the writer is happy. In the previous effort to preserve a little of our early history, the letter "I" occurred quite often — disagreeably so. The writer did not then know that he had the right to use the word " we." He supposed that the editorial fraternity had the exclusive privilege of hiding behind that impenetrable shield. But having discovered that there is no law to prevent its free use by any one who desires to do so, he has adopted it and will use it freely, leaving the reader to guess when it means only the writer and when it means a clique, a city, a township or a county. The writer regrets that circumstances have made him a fixture in Joliet, and that, like the sessile crustacean known as the barnacle, he cannot go about in search of historic food, and can only gather up that which comes witliin the reach of his tentacles. But, fortunately, he is to be followed now by others, who will gather up the history of each township separately, and will thus re- cord the many names and facts Avhich he will overlook. This, too, will atone 224 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. for the prominence which he has given to Joliet — a thing which was unavoid- able, as an annalist must necessarily say most about events and circumstances " most of Avhich he saw, and part of which he was." BOUNDARIES AND TOPOGRAPHY. Will County, as it is now constituted, consists of twenty-three and about one-half townships of land, and is bounded on the north by Du Page and Cook Counties : on the east by Cook County and the State of Indiana ; on the south by Kankakee County, and on the west by Grundy and Kendall Counties. It has an area, therefore, of (about) 541,440 acres, or 840 square miles. In its widest part it is (about) thirty-seven and one-half miles east and west, and thirty-six miles north and south. The fractional half township is occasioned by its embracing a strip about one and a half sections wide of Townships 33 and 34 north, Range 15 east, which lie between Range 14 and the State line, and are added to the towns of Crete (34) and Washington (33). Otherwise, and excepting the towns of Wesley and Custer (which are divided by the Kan- kakee), and the town of Reed, which is the west half of T. 32, R. 9, the town organizations are identical with the survey of townships — that is, each town consists of a township of land. This will be apparent at once to the eye by reference to the map Avhich forms a part of this work. The plan of survey, which was early established for the public lands, ren- ders the description and identification of tracts of land easy and. certain. This plan, which is said to have been devised by Thomas Jefferson, and was adopted in 1786, consists in establishing, first, at convenient distances, meridian lines, which are called " principal meridians," and which are started from some well- known point and are run due north and south. Next, a parallel of latitude is run at right angles with the meridian, and is called the base line. From these main lines others are run, called township lines, just six miles each way, which divide the land into townsiiips of six miles square, which are subdivided into thirty-six sections, of 640 acres each, which can again be subdivided, by imag- inary lines, into quarters, half-quarters, etc. The lines running north and south divide the townships into ranges : and those running east and west, into townships. The meridian line from whch we count starts from the mouth of the Ohio River, and is the Third Principal Meridian. Our ranges are east of this meridian, and the townships are north of the base line. The base line from which we count is somewhat below Centralia, so that the southern line of "townships in our county is 32 north, and the Avestern range is 9 east. It is from this Third Principal Meridian that most of the State of Illinois is sur- veyed. By this simple mode of survey, any piece of land is definitely and easily described, even down to ten acres. In all townships the sections are numbered, beginning at the northeast corner and numbering through first course west, then returning on the second, and so on through the township. Of course, along large rivers and on lakes, fractional sections occur. Plats of HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 225 the surveys are recorded in the general and local land offices, and sect- on corners are marked on the prairie by stakes, and in timber by "blazed" trees. The county is largely prairie, although it exhibits a great variety of soil and surface. There are several townships in which there is not a stick of tim- ber (except as introduced by cultivation), yet considerable bodies of timber are found along the streams, and in isolated groves which were early called "islands." In the early settlement of the count}'-, and of the Northwest gen- erally, the settlers were very careful to select locations adjacent to some grove, and to secure a timber lot was deemed indispensable to settlement. It was then supposed that the prairie land two or three miles from timber would be always open to the range of cattle. The prairie is generally of the kind called high or rolling, and many of the low portions Avere called "sloughs," as they contained water except in the dry season. There is, however, very little of actual swamp land (although considerable was returned as such) in the county, and at present scarcely an acre that is not inclosed. The system of drainage by tiles is coming largely into use, which is making the "sloughs" tlie most valuable portions of the land. The county is well watered, except in the eastern townships, which are the highest part of the county. A considerable stream is the Des Planes,* or as it is often called, the Aux Planes, which rises far to the north (in Wisconsin) and passing through Lake and Cook Counties, enters this county on Section 24, Township 37 North, Range 10 East, or the town of Dupage, and passes on through the towns of Lockport (Township 36 North, Range 10 East), and Joliet (Township 35 North, Range 10 East), a corner of Troy, and through Channahon (Township 34 North, Range 9 East), into the edge of Grundy County, where it is united to the Kankakee, and with it forms the Illinois. Just before leaving the county, it is united with the Du Page, a beautiful stream of about the same size and naturally the fullest in dry seasons, which rises in the northern part of Du Page County, where it is fed by copious springs, and enters this county in the town of Dupage by two branches — East and West Du Page — is united on Section 7 of the township, passes through the towns of Wheatland, Plainfield and Troy, and unites with the Des Planes in the town of Channahon. This union of the two rivers (by the way) is what gives rise to the name Channahon, that word being the Pottawatomie word for "meeting of the waters." The name was given to it by Judge Peck, one of the early set- tlers in that locality, of whom mention is made elsewhere. The Kankakee, which is the largest, perhaps larger than the Du Page and Des Planes united, enters the oounty at the southeast corner of Township 32, Range 10, and dividing it unequally, passes into Township 32, Range 9, then into Township 33, Range 9, which forms the town of Wilmington, near the southeast corner, *We give what we believe the correct spelling of the name, although it in often spelled O'Plain. We suppose the word to be of French origin, and that the uieauing is the river of planes, or button-woods, which resemble the European plane tree. 226 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. and, passing through the town diagonally, goes into Grundy County near the northeast corner of the town. A smaller stream, known as Hickory -Creek, and which on some old maps was put down as Joliet River, which rises in Cook County, enters the town of Frankfort (Township 35, Range 12 East), passes throuo-h it and New Lenox (Township 35, Range 11), and empties into the Des Planes in the town of Joliet, just below the city. Of these streams, the Du Pao-e, the Des Planes and the Kankakee afford good water-powers, which have been more or less improved as will be elsewhere noted. Hickory Creek has also a good water-power at times. Besides these there are minor streams of much value as water-courses. The most considerable are Forked Creek, which enters the Kankakee in the town of Wilmington; Prairie Creek, which enters the Kankakee from the northeast in the township of Wilmington ; Jack- son Creek, which enters the Des Planes from the east in the town of Channa- hon : Spring Creek, which enters Hickory in the town of Joliet ; the *Lilly- cache, which enters the Du Page in the town of Plainfield; Horse Creek, which enters the Kankakee in the town of Reed, and Rock Run, Avhich enters the Des Planes in the town of Troy. These last mentioned streams and sev- eral others for which we have no names, are considerable streams in times of high water, sometimes becoming impassable where not bridged, but in dry sea- sons become mere brooks or dry up altogether. The Lilly-cache, however, being fed by springs which are permanent, is always a beautiful little stream. In the extreme eastern part of the county in the town of Washington (Town- ship 33, Range 15), there is a small lake or pond called Eagle Lake, covering perhaps, a half quarter of land, and surrounded by a considerable tract of marsh. The Des Planes River below Joliet Mound, expands to a considerable width, and is called Joliet Lake. The county also, especially along the water- courses, abounds in springs of good water. All the larger streams abound in fish of the kinds known in common language as pike, buffalo, red horse, bass, sunfish, etc., etc. In the times of Indian occupation they were favorite resorts of the natives for fishing and trap- ping, and abounded in muskrats, mink, otter, beaver, etc., some of which still remain for the delectation of amateur trappers. The muskrat still tells the weather prophet whether we are to have a mild or hard Winter, and is almost as reliable as the moon. This region furnished large supplies in the early days for the fur traders. The various kinds of water-fowl are still abundant and furnish " sport " for those whose hearts and consciences will allow them ruth- lessly to take the life of God's beautiful creatures. The prairies also abound in the native hens and quails, the destruction of which has been restrained by game laws. In the early settlement of the county, deer were very abundant and an occasional one is seen still, but they have mostly gone with the Indian. Prairie wolves were also very abundant in the early day, and a source of much vexation *Thi8 name is often spelled Lillycash, which we suppose to be incorrect as tliere is no unusual amount of cash on its banks so far as we know. The worJ cache is French and means a bole or hiding place, the name given by traders and Indians to the places where they often hid corn and other things. HISTORY OF WFLL COUNTY. 227 and damage, and are not yet extinct. BufHiiloes, no doubt, once roamed in vast herds over Will County, but had disappeared before settlement. The timber which filled the native groves and bordered the streams consisted of the various varieties of oak, black walnut, hickory, elm, iiard and soft maple, button-wood and iron-wood. Of these and others there was a large and vigorous growth of fine trees on the first settlement of th > county, most of wliich in a few years fell before the ax of the settler for the purpose of building log houses, rail fences, fire-wood, etc., and, as soon as saw-mills were built, for lumber. There were also numerous groves of the wild crab-apple, tlie fruit of which was tolerable for sauce, when we could get nothing better, and when in blossom the trees were a sight which cannot be excelled in beauty. Wild plums were also abundant and good, and wild grapes festooned the trees and furnished a fruit which was fair in quality and made good wine. The present growth of timber has mostly grown up within the memory of the older settlers. The scarcity of timber has now been amply compensated by the discovery of coal and the substitution of other material for fences, as well as the bringing in at low rates of the products of the great pineries of Michigan and Wisconsin. For building purposes, a sub. stitute has also been found in our abundant quarries, and also in the manufact- ure of brick, the material for Avhich are found in abundance within our own borders. The bluffs and bottoms of the streams — notably of the Des Planes — furnish a limitless supply of the most beautiful limestone. The quarries of this county and Cook, on the line of this river, have become known the United States over. The southwest corner of the county — embracing portions of the towns of Wilmington and Reed, which is a rich, level prairie — is included in the coal-fields of Illinois, which furnishes, at cheap rates, the coal needed for our manufactures and our firesides. The extent of the AVilmington coal-field is not large, but it furnishes a large supply of valuable coal. The area is esti- mated at twenty square miles, and the thickness of the vein averages, it is thought, three and a quarter feet. This, according to the usual mode of reckon- ing, would give sixty-six million tons. This corner of the county is honey- combed with shafts, the depth of which varies from twenty to seventy feet. Hundreds of thousands of tons are annually sent to market. This industry has built up a considerable city in the township of Reed, of the name of Braid- wood, the name of which has figured somewhat in our recent history. To show tlie different overlying and underlying strata in this locality we give a section of the Eagle shaft as we find it in the geological survey of the State : Soil and drift 22 feet, 6 inches. Sandstone (water-bearing) 24 feet. Clay shale (soap-stone) 27 feet, 6 inches. Coal 2 ft., 10 in. to ?. ft. 10 in. Coarse, porous, water-bearing sandstone 12 feet. Fire-clay ?, feet. Coarse sandstone (J feet. Greenish fire-clay 15 feet. 228 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. This boring below the coal was made in the hope of finding a second bed of coal, which, as yet, has not been found. Throuo-h the valleys of the three principal streams, alluvial deposits con- stantly occur. In the Kankakee Valley, these are mostly in the form of sandy ridges, similar to those found on the shores of Lake Michigan. In the valley of the Des Planes, are found extensive beds of limestone gravel and sand. The most noted of these is the Joliet Mound, one fourth of a mile long and two or three hundred feet wide, and sixty feet high. This is composed of gravel and boAvlders lying upon a bed of blue clay six feet in thickness. The early ex- plorers imagined this to be the work of the mound-builders, but its composition and that of neighboring ridges and bluffs show very clearly its alluvial origin. The symmetry of the mound which was once so striking, and which led to the belief that it was of artificial orgin, has been in part destroyed, first, by the canal, and subsequently by the "Joliet Mound Tile Company," which has ex- ported its gravel, and made use of its clay in the manufacture of tile and brick. All along the valley on either side and above and below it are ridges of gravel, and a still larger mound, known as Mound Flat Head, presents the same ap- pearance on its western side, a bold, gravelly bluff some sixty feet high. Quarries of limestone of different varieties, and of more or less value, are found in the valley of the Des Plaines from the northern line of the county to the Joliet Mound. These furnish a supply of stone for building and flagging that is practically inexhaustible. The particulars respecting the various work- ings will be given in the township histories. There is also a good limestone quarry at Twelve-Mile Grove, in the town of Wilton, but its distance from rail- roads, has prevented its being worked, except for the wants of the immediate neighborhood. Good stone is also found on Jackson Creek and on the Du Page. Some of these varieties of limestone furnish the right material for lime, which is largely manufactured, especially in Joliet. Peat has been found in small patches in the eastern part of the county, but there are no extensive beds. Specimens of copper have been found, and iron nodules are found in the shales overlying the coal ; and it is found in the form of pyrites in the lime- stone ; but there are no important deposits of either metal. Indications of pe- troleum have been found in a boring upon the island at Wilmington, and in the Des Planes River, near its mouth. Considerable oil fever was generated at the time, and some money thrown away in boring for oil. A sandstone quarry has been opened.between the Kankakee and the feeder on Section 6, in the town of Wilmington, and also one on Section 20, just across the Du Page, near its mouth. There are also fine beds of molding sand in the town of Channahon. This sandstone quarry, a few years since, promised to become a valu- able property. It was opened by a company, of whom our citizen, M. Haley, was one, and large quantities were sent to Chicago to aid in the rebuilding of the city. The Sherman House, and other extensive blocks are built of it. Quite a town grew up about the locality, but, for some reason or other, it is HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 229 not now worked, and the town of Shermanville is deserted. The opening of the quarry showed, after the removal of the surface soil, two feet of molding sand, two feet of fire sand, eight feet of sandstone and clay, and tlien twenty- five feet or more of bluish sandstone. This was considered to be Avhat Chicago especially needed — something that would not burn. But its beauty, we have heard was impaired by containing traces of iron, which soon gave it a rusty appearance ; and Chicago doesn't like to be thought rusty, and abandoned its use. Artesian wells have been sunk in Joliet and Lockport, and the number in Joliet is not less than twelve. From most of these, a steady and copious flow of water is obtained, and very clear and pure, except that some of them con- tain a little sulphur. It is believed that in almost any part of the county a flow of water could be obtained at less than six hundred feet. Water was obtained in Joliet at less than five hundred feet. The drilling of one of these wells showed 220 feet of limestone, 80 feet of soap and slate stone, 110 feet of sandstone, bearing the Avater. When the first one Avas successfully accomplished in Joliet, a great number of our citizens assembled to witness the floAv. So deeply interested, it is said, did some become, that they actually drank more or less of the crystal fluid, a thing Avhich some had not done before for many years, thus renewing the experiences of their youth. SURVEY, ETC. ^ The reader has perhaps observed on the maps of this State two lines run- ning parallel to each other and diagonally across the townships, and called the Indian Boundary. The land included between these lines — a strip tAventy miles wide — Avas surveyed in 1821-22 (the Indian title having been extinguished to this in 1818) for canal purposes, as hereafter explained. The land lying out- side of this was surveyed in 1837—38. Consequently the portion lying betAveen these lines Avas brought into market earlier than the other. At the time of the first survey, the parties who did the Avork Avere obliged to go to Fort Clark, as Peoria was then called, for their supplies. To each of the townships the same act Avhich provided for the survey gave the sixteenth section for school purposes. Another section, the thirty-sixth, is also set apart for the same purpose by a later act, but this was too recent to benefit our State. At the time of the first settlement of our county the title to the land (the Indian title having been purchased by treaty) was in the United States. Acts of Congress had, hoAvever, been passed for the purpose of encouraging settle- ment, by Avhich actual settlers Avere allowed to gain a pre-emption right, as it was called, or a right to purchase, to the exclusion of all others, 160 acres of land, or a quarter-section, at $1.25 per acre, whenever the same should be brought into market. Land offices Avere established Avhere settlers could prove up their rights and receive certificates in the form of receipts for the purchase money, for which patents Avere afterAvard given by the United States. In 230 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. cases wbere the whole amount could not be secured in one place, or when prairie or timber could not be secured contiguous, a right to locate one eighty on unclaimed lands was given, which was called a " float." After the lands had been opened to pre-emption for a time, public sales were held, and outside parties, not actual settlers, were allowed to purchase. Early settlers will recall how conflicting claims often occurred between "squatters" and other claimants, and how neighborhoods often established a kind of mock court for their settle- ment. These were without any authority of law, but their decisions were generally received without appeal. Certain acts were required by the law to entitle a person to pre-emption — such as a certain amount of fencing, a cabin and actual residence for a certain period. When public sales occurred, how- ever, "squatters' rights " were enforced by the combined settlers against spec- ulators., whether the claimant had done what the law required or not. Many actual settlers also had not secured their pre-emption by reason of their not having the money to pay for the land. Speculators and squatters often com- promised by the speculator paying for the whole claim and giving the squatter one-half. These various terms, pre-emption, float, claim, squatter, etc., have now become obsolete in this region, but they were, forty or fifty years ago, words of great significance. Another act had been passed by Congress, in 1826, giving to the State every alternate section of land in a strip ten miles wide, lying along and each side of the contemplated route of a proposed canal. This act appropriated 300,000 acres of land for the purpose of constructing the canal, and laid the foundation for the Illinois and Michigan Canal, a brief history of which is given further on. It was, no doubt, this act, as well as the natural beauty and fertility of the region, which gave rise to the tide of immigration which set in hither forty to fifty years ago. EARLIEST HISTORY. In tracing up the history of any locality or people, it is always pleasing to go back to the beginning of things, and to learn who first trod its soil and voy- aged upon its streams. Such an investigation in reference to Will County car- ries us back to 1673, when Louis Joliet, a French trader, and James Marquette, a Jesuit missionary, started out from Green Bay on their successful voyage for the discovery of the great river which, the Indians informed them, flowed to the Great West. Going up the Fox and across the "divide " into the Wisconsin, they came, in due time, to the great river, on whose ample bosom they floated as far as the Arkansas. This was far enough to satisfy them that it emptied into the Gulf of Mexico, and they retraced their steps. Coming to the mouth of the Illinois, they returned by that stream to Chicago, having learned from the Indians that it was a shorter route, passing, of course, up the Des Planes. Tradition says that they encamped upon the mound below Joliet. However this may be, it has borne the name of Joliet Mound from earliest times. This HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 2ol was probably the first time that the region noAv known as Will County was trodden by a white man. A few years after, two other early French explorers — La Salle, a trader and e.xplorer, and Father Hennepin, another Jesuit missionary — passed from the St. Joseph River into the Kankakee, and down it into the Illi- nois. These facts and the following incident from Indian history, ought to make the Des Planes and the Kankakee classic rivers. In a very interesting work published a few years since by N. Matson, of Bureau County (and who, by the way, seems to be one of our indefatigable searchers after the Indian his- tory of this region), we find the folloAving tradition respecting the mound: " One of the most celebrated Indians of history was Pontiac, the chief of the Ottawas, of Michigan, After the surrender of the Northwest by the French to England, in 1763, Pontiac for a while contested the claims of the English, and was known as their most able and bitter enemy. When he could no longer maintain the contest, he left the vicinity of Detroit, where he was born and had always lived, and with the remnants of his once powerful tribe (about two hundred warriors and their families), found a refuge on the banks of the Kankakee, in this county, somewhere in the vicinity of Wilmington. He merged the remnants of his tribe into that of the Pottawatomies. This region was claimed by the Illinois, and a conflict arose between the tribes, especially in reference to the right to hunt the buifalo to the west of the Illinois River. After fighting over the matter awhile, a council was agreed upon to settle the question. This council met at Mound Joliet, in 1769. During a speech which Pontiac was making in support of his side of the question, he was treacher- ously assassinated by " Kineboo," the head chief of the Illinois. This act of treachery led to the bloody war which resulted in the destruction of the great Indian city "LaVantam," which stood on the site where the paper city of Utica was afterAvard built, and to the tragedy of Starved Rock, and to the ulti- mate extinction of the great nation of the Illinois. After the visits of Joliet, Marquette, La Salle and Hennepin, there is no record of these regions having felt the tread of the white man for nearly one hundred and fifty years. But it was no doubt a favorite hunting and fishing gi'ound for the Indians ; and many a tale of peace, of the chase and of Avar could be woven from the imagination, Avithout doing violence to the facts. The portage from the South Branch of the Chicago River to the Des Planes Ava-s easy and short, and the canoes of the Indian and of the Indian trader made frequent passages up and doAvn the Des Planes. The next Avhite man Avho explored this route, of Avhom we have any certain knowledge, Avas Gurdon S. Hubbard, now the oldest white settler of Chicago, and who was an Indian trader there, as early as 1824, and who entered the employ of the great American Fur Company much earlier. He, no doubt, and other Avhite men in their employ, used to convey goods along this route and gather up furs in exchange. We have a record of one such trip (the first), made in 1818, Mr. Hubbard is still living, and Ave think the Avorld might be challenged for another such experience as his. To have 232 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. seen Chicago, the mere outpost it was, in 1818, and for some years after, and then to have lived to see its morasses transformed into a well-built city of half a million inhabitants I Old Methuselah, in his nine hundred and sixty-nine years, saw nothing like it. In high water then, as even now occasionally, the Des Planes emptied through Mud Lake a portion of its surplus waters in the Chicago River. Thus the practice of the Indians and of the earliest traders seems to have been prophetic of that great traffic which it was decreed that future years should open up through this beautiful valley, and which, immense as it is, has not yet probably reached its acme. No doubt many now living, if not those who are called old settlers, will yet see the steamers plying busily up and down an enlarged canal and river. The peace of Paris, in 1763, terminated the rule of France over the North- west, and it passed into English possession, a fact which was destined to secure to this region another type of civilization and of Christianity. Of course, many of the early explorers, traders and missionaries remained, and of these and their descendants it was estimated that two thousand remained within the limits of our State when (1818) it was admitted into the Union. Now, however, there are only the names of a few localities to remind us that the mercurial Frenchman once exercised the right of eminent domain here. By the Revolu- tion of 1776 and the treaty with England, the country passed into the domain of the United States, and, by the treaty of 1833, at Chicago, with the Potta- watomies, the red man surrendered his domain, also. In 1835, the Indians to the number of five thousand, Avere assembled at Chicago, received their annuity, danced their last war dance in Illinois, and took up their march for new hunt- ing grounds on the far Missouri. FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS. We will now proceed to detail such facts in respect to the first settlement of Will County as have escaped oblivion, and have been collected from the mem- ories of early settlers and from public records. In so doing, we shall of course repeat much of what was embodied in "Forty Years Ago." At the time of the admission of the State, all that portion lying north of Alton and Edwardsville, with slight exceptions, was a wilderness. Occasional explorers, soldiers on their marches to the distant outposts, as well as Indian traders and trappers, had, however, discovered the beauties of the region and given glowing descriptions of its attractions. The project of a canal, which was entertained during the war of 1812, as we have said, had also called atten- tion particularly to this region and led to its purchase of the Indians in 1816. and, as early as 1820 and on, an occasional pioneer had pushed out into the great Northwest. The Methodist Church, also, which, if not as early, has been as zealous and self-denying, as the Jesuit Society in its efforts to Christianize the " poor Indian," and to hold the restraints of religion over the pioneer, had UlSTOKV UF WILL COUNTY. 233 early sent out its missionaries, furnished only with horse and saddle-bags, a bible and hymn-book, to establisli missions over the region so soon to become the homes of settlers from the East and from the West and South, Avhere Yan- kees and Hoosiers, Virginians, Kcntuckians and "Buckeyes" were soon to mingle in neighborhood fellowship, in due time to be followed by Irishmen, Germans, Englishmen, Swiss, Norwegians, Swedes and " contrabands." FATHER WALKER AND WALKER's GROVE. It was one of these Methodist missionaries who became the first settler within the present bounds of Will County. This was the Rev. Jesse Walker, a native of the State of Virginia, born in 176G, twenty-five years before the death of Wesley. He joined the church at the age of 20, and entered the ministry of the M. E. Church on probation, in 1804. He married the daugh- ter of a wealthy planter who was heir to much property in slaves. These she manumitted, choosing rather to suifer affliction with the people of God, and as the wife of a Methodist minister, than to enjoy the ease and comfort which could be secured by the sweat of unpaid toil. Like Moses, she no doubt had respect unto the recompense of the reward, and, no doubt, like him, she had entered upon that reward and does not regret her choice. In 1806, Walker, accom- panied by Wm. McKendree (afterward Bishop), came to Illinois — then included in the Territory of Indiana." They were highly pleased with what they saw, and at the next meeting of the Conference were appointed to the circuit in Illinois. It is characteristic of the times, and shows how loosely the Methodist clergy of that day were held by worldly interests, that Walker returned home from the Conference about noon, commenced preparations at once for the journey, and by 10 o'clock of the next day, he and his family were on the way to their new field of labor and self-denial. The state of the country at that time rendered only one mode of travel possible — i. e., on horseback — and four horses were re- quired for himself, family and possessions — one for himself, one for his wife and young daughter, one for his eldest daughter, a girl of sixteen, while the fourth carried, not his library, for an itinerant had only a hymn book and bible, but a small stock of Methodist books, the sale of which must eke out his slender salary. Such a mode of travel would not admit of carrying even a single Saratoga trunk, had such arks been at that time invented. Happily they wei'e not needed, as the wardrobe of each member of the family consisted of only one suit besides the one worn, and these were spun and woven by the mother and •daughter, and Avere of linsey-woolsey or jeans ! Think of this, ye Flora Mc- Flimseys ! Jesse Walker became an able and efficient preacher of Christianity in Illinois, although he had received but a very limited education. He was a man of strong, native intellect, ready wit and good sense — just the man for the place and the time. There are still some living who remember him well. In 1821, Ave find him reporting his labors to the Conference as a missionary among 234 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. the Indians; and in this capacity he came to the vicinity of Plainfield in 1826, where, and for several subsequent years, there was an Indian vilhige. In 1827, he was Superintendent of the Fox River Mission, embracing a large extent of territoi-y. He is said to have held the first camp-meeting in the State, and also to have preached the first Protestant sermon in St. Louis. In 1829, he had charge of the Des Planes Mission, and formed the first class at Walker's Grove, where the settlement was made, jusc south of the present village of Plainfield. Father Walker's labors as Superintendent of the Mission were not of course, confined to Will County. In the history of Livingston County, we find mention of his labors among the Kickapoos. The writer speaks of his suc- cess among this tribe as being considerable, resulting in many conversions. It is related of the converts that they were very scrupulous in the observance of the Sabbath, always returning from their hunting excursions on Saturday night. In this they were a good example to the whites, many of whom we have noticed start out to hunt on Sabbath morning. This writer also describes the kind of prayer books made use of, which consisted of black walnut boards on which they rudely carved the images and figures which represented their ideas, and these, it is said, they never failed to consult before going to rest at night. They did not forget their prayers, however sleepy and tired, as white Christians often do. To return to Walker's Grove. The Pottawatomie Indians had one custom which is worth recording. They set apart a certain number of their women as council women, whose duty it was, whenever the head men held a council, to sit in an inner circle and silently to listen to all that was said, and record, in their memories, the decisions arrived at by their lords. They were not allowed to speak in the council, or to gossip about it among themselves or with others, and only to speak when called upon officially in relation to any matter thus recorded. It is said that'these women were highly esteemed by the tribe, and were selected with great care, a fact which we can readily believe, for they must have been possessed of rare and admirable qualities. Many of these facts we have gathered from Mrs. D. C. Scarles, who is a grand daughter of Father Walker and the daughter of James Walker, presently to be mentioned. We are also indebted to the book of Father Beggs — another pioneer preacher of whom we shall presently make mention — for some of the facts re- specting Father Walker. Father Walker died at Plainfield, in 1835, at the ripe age of 69. At a meeting of the Rock River Conference, at Plainfield, in 1850, his remains were removed from the old cemetery to the new one, and a monu- ment placed over them with this inscription : " At the Rock River Conference, in 1850, his remains were removed to this place by his sons in the Gospel, who erect this stone to transmit his revered name to coming generations." It is very much to be regretted that the manuscripts left by Father Walker, respecting his life and labors, which must have been of great historic value and interest, were burned, a portion of them in the fire which afterward consumed the house of James Walker ; and such as were saved from that fire were con- HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 235 sume(i in the burning of D. C. Seavles' liouse a few years since. While on the subject of Indians, Ave will relate an incident which occurred a little later. During the Black Hawk war, one of the council women of whom we have spoken, came to Mrs. James Walker, the daughter of Father Walker, who had been a teacher at the mission, and who was highly esteemed by the Indians, and left with her her infant boy, to whom she had given the name of Shon-on- ise, charging her that if she did not return she must be a mother to him, which Mrs. Walker, without much reflection at that time, promised. The council woman was then on her way to Milwaukee to attend a council. It so happened that she was attacked Avith cholera and died, leaving to Mrs. Walker the charge she had accepted. This duty she faitlifully fulfilled, and the Indian boy was brought up in the family with Mr. Walker's children, and received the same advantages of education as his own, and when he became of age was given a generous outfit. But Shon-on-ise at once showed the truth of the adage, " once an Indian, always an Indian," for he immediately turned his pony's head toward the setting sun and sought out his tribe in the Far West. Having the advantages of education, he became an influential chief among the Indian tribes, and made frequent visits to Washington in furtherance of their interests. On such occasions he always called to see Captain James and his foster-mother. In this village, as elsewhere, the Pottawatomies were generally well dis- posed toward the settlers, giving them but little annoyance except when under the influence of good-na-tosh. This article, Avhich, under another name, plays the mischief among white people as well, was a source of great trouble and, indeed, of danger to the mission and the early settlers, and it became necessary to keep strict watch and to use arbitrary measures to keep it from them. On one occasion, Capt. James Walker, finding that by some unaccountable means the Indians had access to the contraband article, determined to find out hoAv they got it. Being perfectly familiar with Indian customs, and speaking their language, he disguised himself in their attire and walking into their encamp- ment or village, he seated himself among them, as he found them gathered together evidently for some special purpose. Presently a man stole in whom he recognized as an Indian trader from Fox River, and began to deal out the fire-Avater. He soon came to Capt. Walker, Avho jumped to his feet and called out the name of the trader, who exclaimed, " My God, Captain, is this you ! " The result was that the traffic ceased, for a time at least. But it is time to tell who Capt. Walker Avas. Capt. James Walker had married one of the daughters of Jesse Walker. Although of the same name, they Avere not related. James Walker Avas a native of Tennessee, and came to OttaAva at an early day, where he became acquainted with Jesse Walker, and married his daughter, and accompanied him in his mission to Walker's Grove. He brought with him a horse-poA\'er mill which he set up for temporary use, and proceeded at once to construct a saAV- mill and a grist-mill also on the Du Page. These rendered valuable service to 236 HISTORY OF \YILL COUNTY. the early settlers in this region. It is said, and no doubt truly, that the lumber for the first frame building erected in Chicago was sawed at this mill. This was erected by a Mr. Peck, on the southeast corner of La Salle and South Water streets, upon a lot which had cost the enormous sum of $80. We pre- sume that the lot is now occupied by a better building, and that it has advanced somewhat in price. The lumber was hauled to Chicago by Reuben Flagg, Esq., mentioned below. On the organization of Will County, Jas. Walker was chosen one of the three County Commissioners without opposition, and soon after was chosen to represent the county in the Legislature. He also served the county as Commissioner during the years 1845-8. Mr. Jas. Walker died in 1850, at the age of 57. He was a man of strong good sense, integrity of character, and enterprise and energy, and a consistent member of the Methodist Church. Another Methodist pioneer preacher is identified with the early history of Plainfield and Will County, Rev. Stephen R. Beggs, who is well known throughout the county as one of the earliest itinerants through this region. He settled his family on the southeast quarter of Section 16 of the township, and built a log house, etc. He subsequently obtained the title to the same at the sale of the section under the school law. His house became historic, as we shall have occasion to mention by and by. Father Beggs still survives in a ripe old age, and is still able to put in his strong appeals in behalf of religion, temperance and justice. In 1825, a Frenchman of the name of Vetel A^er- mette, strayed into the same vicinity. He did not remain long and little is known of him. In the Summer of 1830, Mr. Reuben Flagg left the State of Ver- mont with his family, and after a journey of two months arrived in the vicinity of Walker's Grove, on the 9th day of July. He settled on the north- east quarter of Section 10 in the township. On his way, he passed through a village consisting of about a dozen log cabins, a block-house and stockade. Such an obscure point, surrounded by low, wet prairie, barren sand and impass- able sloughs, presented no attraction to the emigrant. No prophetic vision of the great city which afterward arose from the mud, and more recently from its ashes, had then troubled the brain of even the most enthusiastic squatter. Mr. Flagg found in the vicinity, besides the families of the Walkers and Vermette, two other settlers and their families. These were Timothy B. Clark and Thomas Covel, who had emigrated the same Spring from NeAV England. Mr. Flagg was accompanied from Detroit by Jedediah Wooley, Sr., who bought out the claim of the Frenchman Vermette. It is an interesting incident that in 1832, Father Beggs, who was then Presiding Elder, held his first quarterly meeting in Chicago. The incipient city had by this time grown a little, but it had not yet become the greatest hog and corn market of the world, and it was thought necessary that some extra provision should be made for the Methodists and others that would congregate there upon the occasion. Accordingly, Mr. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 237 Clark, above mentioned, hauled a load of provisions by ox-tcara express to Chicago to meet the emergency. A daughter of Mr. Flagg's (now deceased), was perhaps the first white child born within the precincts of Will County, although several others claim the honor. To this settlement additions were soon made. We give the names, so far as we have been able to gather them, up to 1837, with the dates of their arrival, without vouching for their correct- ness in all cases. In 1832-3, Wm. Bradford, John Shutliff, David Smith, Chester Smith, Ralph Smith and Paul Kingston. Although there are several Smith families, we believe that these three were brothers. In 1838-4, Alva Culver, Sereno Culver, Miles Royce, Chester Ingersoll, Jas. Gilson, Oliver Goss, Deacon Ezra Goodhue, Hardy Metcalf, Benj. Siiut- lift", Jason Flanders, John Bill, AV. W. Wattles, Robert W. Chapman, John Kellogg, Rev. Alfred Greenwood, Wm. Sanborn, Benj. Highland, Thomas J. Lang, James Mather and Andrew Carrier ; in 1835, '36 and '37, Jonathan Hagar, Levi C. Aldrich, Fenner Aldrich, Samuel Sergeant, Wm. E. Morgan. J. E. Ambrose, Elder R. B. Ashley and sons, Bela Luce, Myron Piersons, S. S. Pratt, Dr. A. J. Corbin, Alonzo Ray, Rev. Isaac Foster, Winthrop Wright, Cyrus Ashley, David Rossiter, A. J. Hatch, R. D. Hatch, Hugh Alexander, George Burrell, Dudley Beckwith, Lorin Burdick and S. B. Tyler. Flanders, Lang, Sanborn and Goodhue came together from New Hampshire. Mr. Greenwood was the first Pastor of the Congregational Church, which had been organized by the pioneer home missionary, Rev. N. C. Clark, in Sep- tember, 1834. It was composed of the following members at organization : James Mathews and Sarah, his wife ; Ezra Goodhue and Martha, his wife ; An- drew Carrier and his wife, and Oliver Goss and Mary, his wife ; Ezra Good- hue, Deacon. The first resolution passed by this Church was a strong temper- ance one, and the first case of discipline was that of a brother reported to have sold whisky to the Indians. Mr. Greenwood was succeeded in 1836 by Isaac Foster, who was an able preacher and one of the blackest of " black Abolition- ists " (of which we had a good many in Will County in the early days). He subsequently removed to California and took up the profession of law, and no doubt made a sharp and able lawyer. A characteristic anecdote is told of his California life : California, as Avell as other free States, had a fugitive-slave law passed in obedience to the slave power, which in those days was well-nigh supreme. In this case, however, the statute expired at a certain date by its own limitation. A "fugitive" was pursued to California and arrested. Foster, being well known there as well as here for his anti-slavery principles, was appealed to for the management of the defense. In his investigations, he dis- covered that the act under which the claimant had proceeded ^Vould expire in a few days. He therefore obtained an adjournment of the case to the day subse- quent to the expiration of the act. The other party little dreamed that there was any limit to their rights, and came prepared to insist upon their bond, like Shylock of old. Foster was ready, and soon surprised the Court and the other 238 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. party by the information that the bond, under which they claimed not only a "pound of flesh" but the whole man, body and soul, was worthless, and demanded the discharge of the prisoner. To this demand the Judge was obliged to yield. Well knowing that other proceedings would be instituted, the friends of the slave had made arrangements by which he was safely conducted elsewhere by the underground railroad, and beyond the reach of the man- hunter, who, in his rage at being balked of his prey, challenged Foster to mortal combat. Foster declined on the score that it was none of his quarrel, but offering to get the negro to fight him if he Avished. James Mather built the mill at the upper end of the village, afterward known as McAllister's. He left Plainfield in 1844, and has died Avithin a feAV years in California. Wm. E. Morgan and Samuel S. Pratt, named above, started the first cabinet shop in Plainfield, and we think in Will County ; and Pratt, with Benj. Richardson, afterward started a cabinet and chair factory in Joliet. Oliver Goss and one of the Smiths were merchants. Jonathan Hagar was for a long time a merchant in Plainfield. He noAV enjoys the comfortable fortune which he has acquired by upright and diligent attention to business ; a prominent man in the Congregational Church and in the prosperous town of Plainfield. He is one of the stockholders in the First National Bank of this city. Jason Flanders was a native of Ncav Hampshire, came to the grove in 1834, was an industrious, honest man, and a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. He died in 1875, at the age of 6t). Winthrop Wright has been a prominent man in the county, and was Supervisor of the town in 1855 and 1856. A. Culver Avas Supervisor of the toAvn in 1852 and again in 1857.- Elder Ambrose organized the Baptist Church at Plainfield, and was suc- ceeded by Elder Ashley, Avho organized the original Baptist Church at Joliet, of which we shall speak by and by. We are informed by Elder Ashley, who still lives in Plainfield, carrying the weight of 79 years, that himself and Elder PoAvell held the first protracted meeting in Chicago. Elder Ashley counts up more that eighty meetings of that kind which he has conducted. Chester Ingersoll kept a hotel, Ave presume in " Mark Beaubien " style, in the early days, and laid out the first village plat of Plainfield in August, 1834. He Avas an active speculator, and subsequently resided at Lockport, where he held the office of Justice of the Peace. He Avas the Justice of the Peace who accomplished an official feat Avhich has probably never been equaled. Justices of the Peace Avere legally competent to take the acknowledgments of deeds, etc.; and the laAV, as is Avell knoAvn, required that the officer should examine the wife separate and apart from her husband, in order to relinquish dower. Having sold a piece of land, Ingersoll, Avith an eye to thrift or convenience, took Ms own acknowledgment, and also that of his wife ^'■separate and a'p art from her said husband," and certified to the fact under his own hand and seal, and the Avriter hereof put the deed and acknoAvledgment upon the county records. Just how he accomplished the feat, history is silent ; but that he did it has long been ':'"'*«^ ste^afe. foECEASto) (^ J OLIET HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 241 a matter of record. There has been considerable litigation in -the Avay of widow's claim for dower on score of defective acknowledgment, but we think this one would defy the sharpest lawyer. Ingersoll emigrated to California just before the discovery of gold, and died there. Several letters from him are in the files of the Signal. Of these early settlers in Plainfield and vicinity, three have been repre- sented in the bar of Joliet by one son each, viz.: Hager, Flanders and Good- hue. Thomas Lang furnished us with two brave boys for Company D, One Hundredth Regiment — Sergt. George A. Lang, and John C. Lang, who was wounded July 22d, before Atlanta. The latter is now on the editorial staff of the Republican. James jNIather built the mill at the north end of Plainfield, subsequently remodeled by the McAllisters. Later names and facts respecting the history of Plainfield are referred to in the town history. We are onlv attempting to record the beginnings of its history. One fact, however, of later date we will record. Such was the reluctance of the early settlers to launch out into the open prairie, that at the land sale in 1835, Judge Caton found two sections of land in the town of Plainfield still unclaimed, which he entered. These sections, 30 and 31, with a half-section in Kendall, make (next to that of C. C. Smith, in Channahon) the largest farm in our county. The Judge opened the farm in 1838, and resided upon it until 1842 or 1843, and Avas a most vigorous granger during those years, and could often be seen driving his long ox-team and breaking-plow, barefooted, over his ample and fertile acres. In those years, he used to vary the routine of daily life with occasional petti- fogging before Justice Hagar. We do not suppose that Mr. Ilag^r would claim that it was this experience which qualified him for Chief Justice of Illinois. The Judge still retains the farm, although Will County cannot claim him as a citizen. The property was many years in'charge of his brother, Wm. P. Caton, who was eight years the Supervisor of the town and Chairman of the Board. Let us also note the fact that Plainfield wiis the first town that got a company (the old battery) into the late war from our county, and she also furnished the greatest number of volunteers, in proportion to her population, of an};^ town, and she is also the only town in the county that has erected a monument to the memory of those who perished in defense of the Union. This monument cost $800. ' WHEATLAND. Immediately north of Plainfield, lies the town of Wheatland — Township 37, Range 9 — the northwestern corner of the county. With slight exceptions, this township remained unsettled until after 1840. Two things contributed to delay its settlement. Lying mostly outside of the Indian boundary line, it was not surveyed until 1837 or 1838, and not brought into market until 1841 ; and being entirely prairie (with a trifling exception in the northeast corner), it did not so early attract settlers as other portions. But this was also an advantage, as it was from these circumstances, kept out of the hands of speculators, and reserved 2i2 HlcJTORV OF WILL COUNTY. for the hardy immigrant. But so fine a section of land could not long remain vacant after the discovery had been made that timber was not so indispensable as the earlier settlers supposed. Isaac Foster, of whom we spoke in the history of Plainfield, settled in the south part in 1837 ; Josiah B. Wightman, in 1838 ; L. G. Colgrove and Ches- ter Ingersoll, in 1839 ; Simeon B. Tyler, in 1841, and Anthony Freeland in 1842. These were all on the east side of the Du Page. D. W. Cropsy, the first Supervisor of the town, settled on the west side, in 1846, but soon moved to the east side ; and S. Simmons, who was also Supervisor of the town five years, and our County Judge four years, located there in 1847. In 1843, there was a considerable addition to the township. William McMicken, and John McMicken — the present Supervisor of the town — who were directly from Scotland, settled in the extreme northwestern corner of the township. In this year, came, also, Wm. Cotton, A. B. Cotton, James Robins, John Robins and Fitzjames Robins, Englishmen, from the Isle of Wight, and George W. Brown, from Pennsylvania, and Joseph B. Wait, E. T. Durant War- ren W. Boughton, P. Haviland and Asa Canfield, from New York ; and Wm. Kinley, from the Isle of Man ; and Julius Piedlau and John Martin, from Canada In 1844, Stephen Findlay and sons founded the Scotch settlement, in the southwestern part of the town, at and about Tamarack Post Office. In the same year came Robert Clow and his five sons, Robert, Jr., Adam, William and Thomas, and a little later another son, John H. The Clows were Scotch, but had tarried a few years in the State of Ncav York before finally pitching their tent in Wheatland, where, the land being still not taken up, they entered 1,080 acres of its beautiful prairie, embracing Section 15 and parts of 14 and 10. We find in the files of the True Democrat an enthusiastic notice of the editor's visit to Wheatland in 1850. The editor, H. N. Marsh, Esq., was then taking the census of the county. He makes special mention of the Clow plantation, of the white school houses, and of D. W. Cropsy 's fat beeves and toothsome cheese. The same year (1844), came Mungo Patterson, Daniel Catchpole, Jacob Spaulding, George Wheeler and Elias Myers. The Scotch Church Avas organ- ized in 1847, by Rev. Mr. Oburn, and the house of worship, which is such a conspicuous landmark to the travelers over the prairie, one mile north of Tama- rack Post Office, was built a few years after. In 1843, the following persons settled in the northwest part of the town- ship, and gave the neighborhood the name of the Vermont Settlement : David L. Davis, G. Washington Davis and their aged father, Jonathan Davis, and Levi Blanchard. In 1844, Laton Rice, also from Vermont, with his five sons, Alphonso, John I., Asahel, Philander and Isaac, in company with Rudolph Houghton and General Davis and their families, making the journey from Ver- mont with their own teams, camping out nights, after a journey of forty-four days, reached the same settlement and became a part thereof in October of the year named. Let us say, in passing, that Alphonso Rice was one of Wheat- HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 243 land's contributions to the war for the Union, and that he Laid down his life at Champion Hills in 18G3, being a member of Company II, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois Infantry; and that John I. is now a resident of Peotone, and, in the year 1877, was Supervisor of the town of Will. To this Vermont settlement there was added in 1845: Jacob Yaggy (a, German), Edwin Lillie (a Vermonter), and in l(S4(i Laban Clark and family, and ill 1847, Willard Ilayward, and in 1850 Zidon Edson and Dr. Allen and families. All these, together with the Mr. Kinley we named above, settled in the same district. To these were added, also, Leland Houghton, Hiram Johnson and Sampson Pratt, in 1844 or 1845. In 1844 or 1845, the following persons settled east of the Du Pao-e : F. Boardman and A. S. Thomas, and Sumner Heminway, on west side. Mr. Boardman was Supervisor of the town three years. In 1846, and the three or four following years, the population of the town increased rapidly, and among the later settlers were many Pennsylvania Dutch and Germans, and these now form nearly half of the population of the town- ship. They are the same staid and substantial citizens they are elsewhere, and have built two neat and substantial churches. We have spoken of the absence of timber in Wheatland, and this fact reminds us of a little story. In 1846, the first election was held in the town- ship, which, by the way, was then known as " Oregon Precinct," for two Justices of the Peace. Robert Clow, Sr., did not attend the election, but his sons did. When they came back, the old gentleman asked TRobert, Jr., who they had put into office. Robert, Jr., replied : " Mr. Lillie." " Varra gude I Varra gude ! " says he. " And wha' else ? " " Me," was the modest and hesi- tating reply. "You!" says the old man, "you! A-weel, a- weel, timber is varra scarce in this country, sure enoo. !" But fathers do not always put the most correct estimate upon their own boys. The people of Wheatland seem to have thought the timber pretty good, as they have chosen Robert, Jr., for their Supervisor seventeen years, while the county has chosen him as its Repre- sentative for two terms, and finally made him Circuit Clerk and Recorder. Mr. Robert Clow, Sr., died October 5, 1870, at the age of 83 years and 6 months. His death was hastened by an accidental fall. In the digging of a well in Wheatland, on Section 6, in 1870, a bone was found forty-four inches long and of the diameter of one foot, supposed to be the bone of the lower leg of a mastodon, which must, it is estimated, have been at least seventeen feet high. Several of the names we have given in this list were residents of other parts of the county at an earlier date. THE DUPAGE SETTLEMENT. In the town of Dupage (Town 37, Range 10), which lies east of Wheatland, settlements were early made. This town is beautifully watered by the two 244 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. branches of the Du Page which unite just before entering Wlicathind. The first settler in this township was Stephen J. Scott, a native of Maryland, who came into this State in 1826, and made a claim at Grose Point, now known as Evanston. He had the year before located on the eastern shore, but was not satisfied with the place, and crossed over with his family. There were then but few white people north of Peoria, besides the garrison. Only two or three fiunilies of Indian agents and traders at Chicago. AVhilo out hunting with his son Willard, then a young man of twenty or more (now a resident of Naperville, and a banker), he came upon the Du Page River near Plainfield. Struck with the beauty of the stream and the adjacent prairies and groves, he followed the stream until he came to the forks, or the union of the east and west branches, on Section 7. The beauty and evident fertility of the spot led him at once to the determination to leave the vicinity of the lake and locate on that spot, and make it his future home. He, accordingly, in the Autumn of 1830, made his claiui. built a comfortable log house and moved his family to the spot. This is the fiirm now occupied by Mrs. Sheldon. Willard Scott, who accompanied his father, had acquired a good knowledge of the Indian language and character, and had great influence with the Potta- watomie Indians, and at a council held at Big Woods in 1832, was largely instrumental in preventing the tribe from joining the Sacs in their murderous war upon the early settlers. He had been adopted into the tribe and received an Indian name — Kish-wash, an Eagle. The sterling honesty and undaunted bravery of the young man commanded their respect and confidence. On one of his earlv hunting expeditions ho wandered as far as Iloldeman's Grove, and there found a wife in the family of Hawley. This family removed to the same locality in 1830. These Scotts subsequently removed to Naperville and became identified with the history of Du Page County. In the years 1830-32, this vicinity was selected as their future home by Israel Blodgett, Pierce Hawley (above named), Robert Strong, John Dudley, Ralph Stowell, Harry Boardman, Seth Wescott, Isaac Scarrett, Lester Peet, Simon Terrill, John Barber and Samuel Goodrich. In 1833-35, the settlement was increased by the coming of Andrew Godfrey, Harry Lord, Philip Lord, Hiram Warren, Hannibal Ward, Daniel Stewart, Peter Stewart, Samuel Whallen, Shubal Swift, Joseph Berry, S. Clifford, George Spicer, William Smith and Jonathan Royce and sons. Isaac Scarrett, above named, was another Methodist pioneer itinerant, and co- laborer with Beggs and Walker, and he succeeded Walker, in 1828, as Super- intendent of Fo.x River Mission previous to his settlement in Du Page. His son, P. P. Scarrett, was Sheriff of our county in 1854-55. Elder Scarrett died at the residence of his son in Joliet, in May, 1861, at the age of 78. Samuel Whallen was a County Commissioner in the years 1841, 1842 and 1843, and died about five years since at the ripe age of 94. Wm. Smith, commonly known as Col. Smith, removed, in a few years, to this city, having been elected Clerk of the niSTORV OF WILL COUNTY. 246 Circuit Court, whicli office he held for seven years. lie was a prominent citizen until his death, in November, 1870 ; was 82 years old. His son, R. W. Smith, was Supervisor of" Dupage in 185o— "jT, and has also deceased. Harry lioardman wa-j one of our most popular and genial citizens and Supervisor of the town in 1855 ; a son of Jonathan Iloyce, of same name, was Supervisor of the town in 1870-7^. John Barber was the father of our well-known citizen, R. E. Barber, Escj., and settled on the south side of the east branch, and gave name to Barber's Corners. Robert Strong still lives, one of our most worthy citizens and an Elder in the Dupage Presbyterian Church, and was Supervisor of the town in 18G2. Judge Blodgett, of Chicago, is a son of Israel Blodgett. Mrs. Kinzie, wife of John H. Kinzie, one of the earliest Indian Agents of the Northwest, and for a long time a resident of Chicago, in a book which she wrote about her early experience on the frontier, speaks of stopping at Hawley's over night, after a long exposure in traveling from Fort Winnebago to Chicago in the Winter of 1831. A brother of Hawley's was killed by the Indians near his place in 1832, after cruel torture. So far as known, this and the Dunkard preacher, hereafter noticed, were the only persons killed in the Sac war within the bounds of Will County, although, as we shall presently relate, there were many who were badly scared. Lester Peet taught the first school in the Naperville settlement, Du Page County, by a contract with the early settlers of that locality, for twelve dollars a month. Capt. Jo. Naper heads the list of twelve subscribers, who promised to pay in proportion to the number sent. The writer remembers this ancient pedagogue well in later years as one who always came to Joliet to attend Anti- slavery, Temperance and Bible meetings. The first school in Dupage town is said to have been taught by Josiah Giddings, and the first church organized, in l-^SS, by Rev. N. C. Clark — we suppose the same church which now exists and to which the veteran J. A. Porter now preaches, and who was also its Pastor many years ago. * The Des Planes River passes through the southeast corner of this town- ship in which is a widening of the river, which has received the name of Goose Lake. Any man who supposes it to be much of a lake would certainly be a goose. Another " Lilly-Cache," which rises near the place where the other stream of the same name rises, runs east and empties into the Des Planes. This, however, is not a navigable stream. Both have their source in springs. Besides the timber along the streams, there is, in the south end of the town, a beautiful island of timber, which, together with a noted spring between it and the river were all known in early times by the name of Lilly-Cache. The old roads from Plainfield to Chicago and from Joliet to Chicago, passed on opposite ^ides of this island grove and came together upon the highland near Godfrey's (on Section 12j, a famous tavern stand in the early times, where we got our first refreshments on the way to Chicago, and the stage-driver "changed horses." 246 " HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Godfrey and Spicer, and, perhaps, others named above, settled in this part of the town. The Illinois & Michigan Canal and C, A. & St. Louis R. R., which follow the course of the river Des Planes, run through the same corner of the town. Martin's Landing, on the canal (a small city), lies on the line of the township, and partly in Dupage and partly in Lockport. There is also a Romeo depot on the railroad. In this vicinity one of the paper cities of the county was early laid oft" and called Romeo, to match Juliet. It was intended, perhaps, as a rival ; but the starting of Lockport by the canal ended it. Of course, along the east side of the river are found quarries of lime- stone. These will be more particularly described in the township history. SETTLEMENTS ON HICKORY CREEK. We pass now to the settlements along Hickory Creek. It must be borne in mind that Ave are giving the history of early settlements, without strict refer- ence to present town lines. The Hickory Creek settlement would now be in- cluded in the towns of Joliet, New Lenox, Frankfort, Homer, etc. W. R. Rice, in a letter which we find quoted in the combination map of the county, says that in June, 1829, he, together with William Rice, his father, and Miller Ainsley, left Fountain County, Indiana, to take a look at the Far West. He says, " We struck the Iroquois, which we followed to the Kankakee, which, in turn, we followed to the Des Planes. We then went up the latter until we came to Hickory Creek. Going up this a mile or two, we found a Mr. Brown and old Col. Sayre, living in an old Indian bark shant}^ near where Dr. Allen's house stands (the old Davidson place) ; and about eighty rods northwest across the creek was an old man of the name of Friend, who had a log cabin partly built. ' This account is no doubt correct. The Brown he speaks of died soon after and was buried on the Davidson place, perhaps the first white burial in Will County. As is well known to all old settlers. Col. Sayre built a saw-mill on the creek, near where the Red Mill now stands, but on the north side of the creek, a little higher up. Mansfield Wheeler, who came to the vicinity in 1833? went into partnership with him. This old mill has long since gone to the limbo of things that were, but the writer hereof has often seen the saw crashing ruth- lessly through huge oaks and black walnuts to supply the needs of new settlers. It was at this mill that the lumber was sawed for the first frame houses of Joliet, built in 1834. To this settlement there also came, in 1830, Lewis Kerchival and son, John Gougar, Michael Runyon, Jared Runyon and Jas. Emmett; in 1831 — John Nor- man, Jos. Norman, Aaron Ware, Thos. and Abraham Francis, Isaac Pence and Samuel Pence. There is a tradition that Jo Smith, the Mormon, once preached at the Point, and that Jas. Emmett and others were converts and left the vicinity. In 1832, were added Cornelius C. Van Home, John Stitts, Peter Watkins and sons, Wm. Gougar and son Nicholas, and Joseph, Alfred and James Johnson. The Johnsons located on Spring Creek, in the edge of what was known as Yankee HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 247 Settlement, most of which is now embraced in the town of Homer. To these were added, in 1833, Isaac ReynoMs and liis three sons, Smith, Newton and Milton Reynolds, Judge Davidson and Matthew Van llorne; and in 1834, G. S. Green- Avood, John Broadie and John Cooper and sons. Later, in 1835 to 1837, came John Carl, Abel Bliss, L. A. Cleveland and many others. It will be understood that the above list includes settlers on both the north and south sides of the creek ; some on what is now known as Maple street. Ohio, Indiana and New York furnished most of these settlers. Most of these have passed away. Some have left sons that perpetuate their family names and are counted among our best citizens. A daughter of the elder Pence has the distinction of being the first Joliet bride, for a description of whose wedding the reader is referred to " Forty Years Ago." Perhaps the most prominent of the persons named above, in our history, was C. C. Van Home. He taught the first school in the vicinity in the Winter of 1832. His place in the point of timber that makes out into the prairie, in which are the Camp Grounds of the Methodist brethren, was known in the early days as Van Home's Point. He was a marked character, well and extensively known throughout Cook County, of which we then formed a part. He was a man of liberal education, great shrewdness, abundant self-esteem and tenacity of purpose. He got the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace soon after coming here. The only mail route at that time in the county was a weekly horseback one from Danville to Chicago. This passed by the cabin of Uncle Billy Gougar. As Van Horne resided some distance to the east, the office was kept by one of the Gougar boys. In 1834-5, before a post office was established at the city of Joliet, the writer hereof made weekly pil- grimages to Uncle Billy's, after the longed-for letters from home. Well can he recall the old log house (long since replaced by a comfortable frame farm cot- tage), with it? two rooms, in one of which the post office was kept. In what a striking contrast to the place where he noAV gets his mail, was that old dry- goods box, roughly pigeon-holed, with the letters of the alphabet rudely inked on the edges of each partition. With what greed he seized a letter when he happened to get one, although it cost a quarter, and had been several weeks on its dreary way. He remembers how, on one occasion, he had to pay about a dollar for a pamphlet, the margins of which were covered with writing, contrary to law. But it was cheap, even at that price ! And the writers of those letters — where are they ? Gone ! all gone ! But we are sadly digressing. Van Horne was one of our most useful cit- izens in those days, transacting the business of the early settlers, aiding them in obtaining their claims and land titles. It was the good fortune of the writer to make his acquaintance before that of any other settler, having met him some- where this side of Niles, when coming into the country, and riding back with him to "Van Home's Point." It was, perhaps, owing as much to his influ- ence as to the good sense of the settlers, generally, that two years after he was 248 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. elected as the first Recorder of the county. But we soon forfeited his friend- ship by our bad behavior in apostatizing to abolition. But we are anticipating. It will be well remembered that Van Home, some years ago, removed to Joliet, and was elected the first Mayor under our city charter, and how he " magnified his oflSce." It may not be improper to add that one of his sons is now Super- intendent of an important Western railroad. C. C. Van Home died of cholera in 1854. Several members of the Reynolds family still live in our county. J. S. Rey- nolds, who was brevetted General near the close of the late war, and who com- manded the Sixty-fourth Regiment in the important battle at Bentonville, on Sherman's march from Savannah to Washington, is a son of one of them. Hig- ginbotham moved to town many years ago, and built a fine house, where his widow (now Mrs. Sutphen) still lives, while his sons perpetuate his name. He died in March, 1865. Many yet living will remember Uncle Billy Gougar, so noted for his strong good sense and sterling integrity. He held the important trust of County Com- missioner in 1840 and 1841. He died in 1861 at the age 78. Father Beggs officiated at his funeral, which was largely attended. Lewis Kerchival was one of the best citizens and farmers in the county, and died some years since. His son James C, was Supervisor of the town of New Lenox in 1854 and 1855, and again in 1858. He died in 1873 at the age of 55, a worthy son of a worthy sire. Jarod Runyon was, for some years, a Justice of the Peace of the village of Lockport, and now resides in California. We had a visit from him a few years since. -' FIRST BALL. Mrs. Kinzie, in her "Waubun," gives an account of a ball on Hickory Creek, in 1831. She does not tell us at whose house it was held, but we have ascertained that it was at Mr. Friend's.* Three out of the five single gentlemen, then resident at Chicago, came down to this ball on horseback, of course. One or two of them were officers from the Fort. Parties of this kind were not very frequent, the guests had to be collected from great distances, and consequently they were somewhat prolonged. This one opened with a sumptu- ous repast at noon, at which every luxury which the country then afforded was dispensed in profusion. As the art of printing had not then been introduced into this region, we have no menu of the feast, but we know what the possibili- ties of the time were. The piece de resistance was undoubtetUy a haunch of venison roasted, which might have been supported with fried bacon and prairie chickens. The entremets might have been pumpkin pie, crab-apple sauce, or stewed wild plums, and the fruit was probably melons and wild grapes. There was, also, no doubt, an abundant supply of corn dodgers, saleratus biscuit and wild *In "Forty Years Ago," we hazarded the conjecture that it was proliably at Kerchival's. We are glad of this oppor- tunity to make tlie correction, not only because we desire to be a correct and reliable historian, but because we wish to do justice to both the families named. On tlie one hand, Mrs. Kercliival was, we are glad to say, a very religious woman, and would not be likely to encourage a ball ; and, on the other, Mr. Friend and family sliould not be deprived of the honor of being the first to plant the institution in Will County. We do not suppose that they ouglit to be held responsible for the melancholy dtnouemenl. ♦ HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 249 honey. The ball opened at 2 o'clock, and was kept up, with a short recess for supper, until the next morning. But the gay scene was terminated by a tragedy. The Chicago gentlemen, it is presumed, were more stylishly dressed and put on city airs, and were so agreeable and forward in their attentions to the country belles that the native beaux Avere eclipsed and compelled to take back seats. The Chicago bloods were highly elated with the manner in which they carried off the favors of the girls. Their !-atisfaction Avas, however, greatly dampened on discovering, when they got out their fine horses, in the early dawn, preparatory CO their return, that by some strange visitation they (the horses) had lost their manes and tails. JUDGE DAVIDSON. Judge Davidson came to this section in 1830, from the State of Indiana. He was originally from the State of New Jersey, where, when a poor young man, earning his living at surveying, he found a lot of pine land which had not been taken up. He managed to secure it, and immediately took his ax and "lifted it up against the big trees." This not only made him " famous," but put some money in his purse, with which he came to Indiana and there invested it in lands at Government price. This soon made him rich. When he came to Hickory Creek, he entered not only the well-known Davidson farm, but several others; and he was, while he lived, one of our most prominent and substantial men, although of retiring disposition, and never seeking office. When he came here, he was still a bachelor, and in the prime of life. He met his fate in the daughter of one of his tenants (Mr. More), to whom he was married, and by whom he had two daughters, Avell known in Joliet society. His widow has since married Dr. B. F. Allen. It is said that the Judge always kept the ax with which- he hewed his way to fortune. He acquired his title of Judge in Indiana, where he held the office of Probate Judge. He died in March, 1844, at the age of 57. JOLIET TOAVNSHIP. About the same time, another settlement was made, mostly on the south side of Hickory, in Joliet Township. Robert Stevens and David Maggard made claims in 1830, and brought their families in 1831. Stevens located on the Avell-known Stevens' place (on Section 2), a well-chosen selection, which made him, in time, the possessor of a valuable property. The first " fair grounds" were located on this property in a beautiful grove of oak openings, a beautiful and abundant spring supplying water. These grounds, Avith the fair buildings, Avere afterward occupied as a soldiers' camp and barracks, when it became necessary to subdue the " onpleasantness " of our Southern brethren. David Maggard settled on the bluff on the Avest side of the Des Planes about opposite the Rolling Mills. His cabin Avas the first one erected in the present limits of our city. It stood on the edge of a ravine up which passed the Sac trail. This trail, it is perhaps necessary to many readers to explain, Avas the trail made by the feet of the Indians and their ponies on their yearly journeys • 250 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. from the Great West to Fort Maiden, in Canada, to receive the annuities which it was the cunning policy of the English Government to keep up long after the country had passed from their possession. The fruit of this policy was appar- ent in the fact that in the war of 1812, the Indians were generally, secretly, if not openly, on the side of England, and in the massacre at Chicago, and other barbarities. This trail, which was for many years very plain and distinct, and which was a well-known guide for the early voyager over the prairie from Niles hither, and which is now probably entirely obliterated, divided somewhere near the present cemetery, one branch going south to Ottawa, crossed the old ford below Joliet, and the other crossed the ford opposite Maggard's cabin and went on by Walker's Grove to the Great River. In 1831, Philip Scott, William Bilsland, Major Robert Cook and his aged father, a Revolutionary soldier, Daniel Robb, Jesse Cook and Reason Zarley, were added to the settlement. Seth Scott and Aaron Moore, also John Nor- man, came in 1832 ; William Hadsell and John Goodenow, in 1833 ; Joseph and Jacob Zumalt, in 1834. We suppose Mr. Goodenow to be the same man who settled in Yankee Settlement before the war. He was the father of Mrs. Michael Rodgers, and died some years since at Reed's Grove. Reason Zarley came here from Ohio, was one of our first Justices of the Peace while we were yet a part of Cook County. He died Aug. 30, 1859, aged 68 years and six months. He was born in 1791 ; served in the war of 1812, and was one of the few survivors that returned from thebloody engagement at Brownstown, where one hundred and thirty Americans were assailed by eight hundred Indian and four hundred British soldiers. He was in the army at the time of Hull's sur- render. He came into the State in 1829, and to this township in 1831, and settled upon the well-known Zarley farm, which he had purchased when the canal land was in market, under the act of 1829. There were few here then except Indians. When the Black Hawk war broke out, he went, with his family, to Danville, returning, after it was over, to the same place, where he resided until his death. He was a man of sterling character, high moral senti- ments, sound mind and strong, good sense and judgment. A large concourse of citizens attended his remains to their resting-place. A Chillicothe, Ohio, paper, noticing his death, speaks of him as one of the pioneers of that country. He was a man of large influence in shaping the early politics of Will County. It is hardly necessary to say that he has supplied us in his sons with two editors and printers, one of whom has lately deceased, while the other, familiarly known as " Cal," still gives shape to- our politics and school affairs ; while a third son. sometimes called " Bill," after lonor and useful service as City Clerk, has got a comfortable seat as County Clerk in the old Court House. Another son, Linton, died in 1850, at the age of 24, having just entered upon the practice of law. When our county was erected, Robert Stevens was elected Sheriff with great unanimity. He was most deservedly popular. But he did not covet HISTORY OF WILL COUilTY. 251 office, and he declined to qualify, and all that Summer we were without a Sheriff. We are glad to be able to state that this is the only time we know of Bob Stevens (as he was familiarly called) shrinking from his duty, and we knew him pretty well. And for the honor of Will County, we are also glad to be able to state, and we do it without fear of contradiction, that from that day to this there has been no difficulty in getting men to fill the office of ShGriflP, or any other county office. Indeed, sometimes there has seemed to be a super- abundance of men who were willing to serve the public. We shall, by and by, give a list of those who have shown their devotion to our county by actual serv- ice. We should be glad to give a list of those who have been willing to do so had the county needed them, but this would require more room than our pub- lisher could spare. Robert Stevens was a native of Kentucky, and raised in Ohio and Indiana. He died in January, 1864. William Hadsell, named above, still lingers in our midst, and may often be seen upon our streets carrying the weight of 88 years of an industrious and honest life. He begins to fail, but says he should have lived to a handred easy enough if he had not got caught in a storm on the prairie a few years since and had to fight lightning, which was a harder fight than he ever had Avith the British, although a soldier in the war 1812. John Norman erected the first flouring-mill in Joliet — we wish we had a picture of it and the surroundings, as we well remember them. About opposite the Penitentiary there was an island in the Des Planes, heavily wooded — a romantic spot then, where the writer often went in search of plants and flowers. At the head of this island, across one channel, Norman built a brush and gravel dam, which threw the current strong upon the other side; near this he built a log mill. His wheel was placed in the current, and the shaft running into the mill, turned the machinery which ground the corn. A very simple affair, hav- ing the capacity of twelve or fifteen bushels of corn in twenty-four hours, but very useful in those early days when corn-dodgers formed an important part of the daily rations. This old mill Avas not as big a thing as the rolling-mills opposite, but it was built without municipal aid. In this township, yet farther down on the river, a family settled in 1836 or 1837, which we must not forget to mention — that of Robert Shoemaker, the father of Mrs. Dr. A. W. Bowen and Mrs. Josiah McRoberts (and that's how we got the Judge). M. Shoemaker, a partner of J. A. Matteson in the early days of the old wooden block on upper Chicago street, and who has been and we believe now is a State Senator in Michigan, was his son. SETTLEMENTS IN JACKSON, HEED AND OTHER GROVES. In the edges of the timber lying along the Des Planes and Jackson Creek, and in the groves known as Jackson's Reed's, Starr's, Troutman's, etc., which now form parts of Joliet, Jackson and Channahon Townships, settlements were early made. In 1831, Charles Reed, Joseph Shoemaker and Wesley Jenkins 252 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. settled in Reed's Grove, near the present station of Elwood. John and Thos. Coon, the two Kirkpatricks, Thomas Underwood, Eli Shoemaker, Charles Longmire, James Hemphill, Peter Eib and sons, Archibald Crowl, Henry, George and Lewis Linebarger, Daniel Haight, John and Samuel Catron and Theopilus and Robert Watkins settled in some one of these groves in 1831-2-3 ; and Benj. and Joseph Shanks, Smith Johnson, John Brown, George Young, Peter Brown and son and R. J. Boylan, in 1833-4, and William Cotton in 1835, and, we had almost forgotten him, Peter Doney. Charles Reed is per- liaps better entitled than any one else to be called the founder of Joliet, as he came up here in 1833, built a log cabin (the old McKee house) and commenced preparations to build a mill. These preparations consisted, as his deed of sale to McKee in the Spring of 1834 says, " of a dam partly made on the east side of the river, a house, some fence, a mill-race and some machinery for a mill, both of wood and iron, on the west side of the river." Of this matter, how- ever, we will speak more particularly by and by. Joseph Shoemaker, a most excellent man, a warm friend and an ardent Methodist, opened a splendid farm on the south side of Reed's Grove, which after many years he sold out, and which is now known as the Rogers' place. He was Supervisor of Florence four years. We are sorry to say he has left the State. Jenkins was a fine specimen of a great Hoosier, of whom we have told a pretty good story in " Forty Years Ago," which we will not repeat here. But we don't know why he should have been named Wesley, unless on the principle of " lucus a non lacendo." Hemphill and Eib still have representatives in the county. Joe Shanks Avas another specimen of a Hoosier, and was Shanks by name and Shanks by nature. The best thing that we remember about Joe is that he was the writer's friend when he ran for Recorder, and gave him his vote, although it was urged against us that we belonged to a temperance society — not a popu- lar thing with " Hoosiers " then or notv. " Wall," said Joe, " I drink right smart of likker myself, but I allow we'd better have a sober man to do our business.'' We commend Joe's philosophy to all voters, and the Jiigher the office, the more important the rule. George Linebarger is still living near Elwood, and has been Supervisor of Jackson ten years. R. J. Boylan is still one of the well-known residents of Jackson, and he held the office of County Surveyor for eight years (1840-48), and what he doesn't know about the sections and corners of Will County is not worth knowing. Boylan sometimes tells the story of his first arrival at Joliet, in the Fall of 1834. After a long and tire- some horseback ride from Chicago, he began to look anxiously for the town of *• Juliet," of Avhich he had heard all along the road, and, fearing that he might have lost his way, he rode up to a small wooden building, which he found to be a store. On entering, a long, lank youth rose up from the counter, on which he was stretched out — that is, as much of him as the counter would hold — of whom he inquired the way to Juliet. The youth somewhat pompously replied : " Sir, if you seek the city of Juliet, look around you." Little did Boylan HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 253 dream that he was on the corner of BluiF and Oneida streets, and that he was addressing the future historian of himself, Joliet and Will County — who would some day have his " pictur " in a book I It should be mentioned, to the credit of Jackson Grove Precinct, that they built a scliool house as early as 1833 — perhaps the first in Will County. Henry Watkins, from the Hickory Creek settlement, taught the school. Any one who remembers his little shiny round head Mill not doubt that his scholars looked upon him with the same awe and wonder as did those in Goldsmith's ''Deserted Village" upon the village pedagogue," . . , ..,, ., , , ,.„ ,, , ir o n J I. And still they gazed, and still the wonder grew, That one siuall head could carry all he knew." YANKEE SETTLEMENT AND LOCKPORT. We have spoken of the Johnsons as settling in Yankee Settlement. These were "Hoosiers," but, as will be inferred from the name, most of those who settled in that portion of the county embraced in the town of Homer, the north- ern part of New Lenox and the eastern part of Lockport, and called "' Yankee Settlement," were Yankees. The word meant in that day those who came from any State east of Ohio, in distinction from those who were called Hoosiers — a term which, though properly applicable only to Indianians, was popularly made to cover all others. When more exactly speaking, those from Ohio were Buckeyes; those from Kentucky, Corncrackers ; those from Michigan, Wolver- ines, etc., etc. This was a famous settlement in the early days, containing many fine liimilies of well-to-do farmers, where we could find more pretty girls forty- odd years ago than in almost any other locality. How this may be now', the writer cannot say ; circumstances have prevented him from keeping posted in this regard. Offshoots of Yankee Settlement were known as Gooding's Grove and Hadley. Of those who came in before the Sac war, we recall the names of James Richie (the first settler and still living, although for some years blind), James Glover, Abijah Watson, John Pettijohn, Wm. McGaffery, Peter Polly, Joseph McCune, Daniel Mack, John Blackstone, Dr. Nathaniel Weeks and sons, William Ashing, John Goodenow, Joseph Cox, Dick Boilvin, Uriah Went- worth, Calvin Rowdey, Holder Sisson, Selah Lanfear, Orrin Stevens, Armstead Runyon, Edward Poor and Benjamin Butterfield. Some of these persons were not "Yankees," and some did not return after the stampede occasioned by the Sac war, and Goodenow, Polly and McCune, on their return, settled in other parts of the county. Holder Sisson came in 1831, from Chautauqua County, N. Y. Having pre- viously explored the West, he came with his family ; and at the same time came Selah Lanfear and Orrin Stevens, with their families, who were from the same county. They came around the lakes, in a schooner ; and after a long and stormy passage, landed at an outpost called Chicago, in the latter part of July. Harry Boardman, who settled in East Dupage, came on the same ves- 254 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. sel. Mr. Sisson was a prominent man in the early history of the county. He was elected one of the first three County Commissioners, and served in that capacity five years, fiiithfully and well. He soon moved to the west side of the river, in the town of Lockport, on the old Chicago road. He has very re- cently deceased, at an advanced age. Edward Poor, Armstead Runyon and Benjamin Butterfield were on the ground previously, and some others. Edward Poor is the first name as grantee upon our county records. Armstead Runyon was a prominent man in the early history of Lockport, having been proprietor of a part of the city plat. We believe he is now living in California (if not dead). Mrs. C. E. Boyer, of Lockport, is his daughter. Mrs. Munson, until lately, a resident of Joliet, was a daughter of Selah Lanfear. We remember her as one of the pretty girls of Yankee Settlement. If you should call upon ex-Collector Weeks, you would find one of Aer daugh- ters, who, in her turn, has pretty daughters too. How the years do creep on, and what changes they bring ! Calvin Rowley came from the State of New York — the first one of the fam- ily — traveling all the way with a peddler's cart. He set up a store near Lock- port, and traded with the Indians. After the Sac war another tidal wave of emigration set toward the West, and brought many to Yankee Settlement in the years 1833-4—5. Among these were Reuben Beach and sons, Thomas Smith, Chas. M. Grey, George Grey, Levi Hartwell, Jireh Rowley and four sons, Wm. H. Frazier*, Alanson Gran- ger, Addison Collins, Frederick Collins, Norman and Horace Messenger, John Lane, Lucius M. Case, H. S. Mason, Dr. Moses Porter, Abram Snapp, Will- iam Williams and three sons, Benjamin Weaver, Dea. Levi Savage, S. C. Chamberlin and sons, William Bandle, Samuel Anderson, John Griswold, Com- stock Hanford, Nathan Hopkins, Aaron Hopkins, John Fitzsimmons, Benja- min Dancer, Cyrus Cross, Andrew Frank, Sylvester Munson, Lyman Cross, David Parish, Leander Bump, Jacob Bump, Rev. Mr. Ambrose, John Ross, Hiram Olney (now of Manhattan), Rev. Mr. Kirbey, who became Pastor of the Hadley Church, — and Isaac Preston, now of Lockport, in 1836. The following persons settled in Gooding's Grove, and gave that locality its name: Dea. James Gooding and his three sons — James Gooding, Jr., William Gooding and Jasper A. Gooding — and his nephew, Charles Gooding, in 1832. Dea. James Gooding had been a pioneer in Western New York, and was a na- tive of Massachusetts. He resided at Bristol, Ontario Co., until he came West. We remember him well — a tall, noble-looking man. He died in 1849, at the age of 82. Orange Chauncey settled in the same locality before the war. Rev. Jeremiah Porter, the well-known pioneer missionary of the American Home Mission Society, early organized a Presbyterian Church at Hadley. We believe that this was the first regularly oi'ganized Church in Will County, outside * Died in 1873. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 255 of the "classes" organized by the Methodist itinerants. Dr. Porter, William Bandle, Reuben Beach and John C. Williams were Elders or Deacons in this Church. Soon after the organization of this Church, a Mr. Freeman organ- ized a Baptist Church of sixteen members. Abram Snapp was one of the Deacons of this Church. He was the fother of Hon. Henry Snapp, and died in October, 1865. He came to the settlement in 1833. Father Beggs had a sta- tion here in 1833, and others at Reed's Grove, Hickory Creek, East Dupage and Walker's Grove. Dr. Weeks was for many years a practitioner in Lockport and Yankee Set- tlement. His sons are the well-known Judge Weeks and ex-Collector Weeks and Mr. J. H. Weeks, now of Lockport. He was from Western New York. Dr. Porter was also a well-known physician in the early history of the county ; one of the reliable men, whether in Church or State ; a strong upholder of every good enterprise and reform. He moved farther west many years ago, and is now deceased. Lyman Cross died at Lockport in October, 1876, at the age of 82. His death was occasioned by a fall, while at work on a barn. Mr. Bandle, who was familiarly known as Deacon, was a stone-mason, and had the job of putting up the stone-work of the first stone building in Joliet — the old block now known as the Darcey Block, from its present owner, but for- merly and long known as the old Demmond Block, from its first proprietor. He has been dead some years. John Lane was a famous blacksmith, especially known as the maker of prai- rie or breaking plows. The settlers all around used to make pilgrimages to his smithy. Nobody in all the land could shape and temper a plow like him. He might have sat to Longfellow for his picture of the village blacksmith : " The smith, a mighty man is he, With large and sinewy hands; And the muscles of his brawny arms Are strong as iron bands." On many, many an acre of the virgin prairie of Will County did Lane's plows upturn the sod, drawn by from four to eight yoke of oxen and steers, and propelled by a ten-foot ox-gad mounted with a lash perhaps as long, the snap of which wielded by the hands of the Hoosier driver resounded like the crack of a rifle. On, on, over the prairie swells, with steady but ruthless tread, moved the long "breaking team," and on, on, came the giant plow, cutting the turf with its sharp colter, and turning over with its mold-board the rich earth in long, black ribbons ; before it blooming grass and fragrant herb and beautiful flowers ; behind it a dreary waste of black, fat humus, inviting the steps and stimulating the hopes of the sturdy planter. Ah ! breaking teams, plows, Hoosier drivers, prai- ries, and old Lane himself, are now things of the past I Mr. Lane died in 1857. Addison Collins was one of our leading county men ; held the ofiice of County Surveyor during the first four years of our organization, and served one 256 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. term, 1842-3, as our Representative in the General Assembly of the State. He died in March, 1864. His brother, Frederick Collins, still lives in the old locality, one of the staid and substantial citizens of Homer, fast ripening for a better country. The brothers were from Tioga County, N. Y., and came to the settlement in 1833. John Blackstone, generally called Judge Blackstone, was a man of property and influence. The grove near which is the Hadley post office was known first as Blackstone Grove. James McKee, of whom we shall speak by and by, borrowed the money of him wherewith he purchased the Reed claim, of which we shall presently speak. He was the first Justice of the Peace in Yankee Settlement, when a part of Cook County. Judge Caton has told the writer about his coming down from Chicago in 1833, to try a suit before him — perhaps the first lawsuit in Will County. He died in 1848. Jireh Rowley, commonly know as Capt. Rowley, was also a prominent man in our early history. He settled first on Section 19, but afterward bought the Butterfield place on Section 34, a beautiful spot embracing a little grove, where his youngest son, A. G., now lives. He was an old contractor on the Erie Canal, and built the great embankment near Rochester. This was a very heavy and difficult work. The Canal there crosses a considerable valley and a stream, and passes along the top of the embankment which Rowley made. While the work was in progress, Gov. Clinton, having great anxiety in respect to its success, made frequent visits to note its condition. On one of these occasions, the Governor and his party got in the way of the laborers and their teams, when Rowley pretty sharply ordered them to get out of the way. Instead of being offended at the brusque manner of the Captain, the Governor had the good sense to remark to his friends that he should go home with his mind at rest concerning the job, as Capt. Row- ley evidently meant business. Three sons still live in the township. The younger, A. G., has been a Justice of the Peace since 1850, and three years the Supervisor of the town. Capt. Rowley, when he came West, had married a Mrs. Grey, and the George and Charles Grey above named were her sons ; both of these have since been prominent as railroad officials in Chicago, and George is now agent of the Pullman Car Company. Charles has been Mayor of the city. Three of her daughters were also included among the " nice girls " of the settlement, as some of the "boys" still living remember well. One of these is now Mrs. Chamberlin, of Lockport. Her husband is one of the sons of Mr. L. C. Chamberlin, and is our well-known undertaker and furniture dealer of Joliet and Lockport. We remember seeing, not long ago, the fence which surrounds Oakwood placarded with the words, " Chamberlin's Relief cures all pain." We do not suppose the sacrilegious painter had any reference to our un- dertaker or his business, but unconsciously told a truth, which these placards seldom do. Wm. Gooding was the chief engineer of our canal, and we shall have something more to say of him in the history of that work. The (deceased) **^^ JOUET TP. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 259 school teacher Hanford, so cruelly murdered at Chicago a few years ago, was a son of Comstock Ilanford, born in 1834. Deacon Beach (this settlement seems to have had a good share of Deacons, and we have noticed tiiat as a rule, it is the best men who get this title, and Deacon Beach was not an exception) has gone to his reward some time since. He died in 1851. Two of the Demmond boys — " Dar " and William — are indebted to him for good wives ; and his son, Eben W., was Supervisor of Crete in 18G2, and deceased in October, 1878. Levi Savage, another Deacon, still lives, and has given to the town of Homer a Supervisor for six years (1867-72), and to our county a Representative in 1872, and to the State and nation a brave soldier in his son, Capt. Amos Savage, of the Thirty-ninth Regiment, or Yates Phalanx. Of William Williams we re- member little ; he died many years ago ; but we know the family was a good one — from Massachusetts, we believe, as were others of the Hadley people ; hence the name of the locality which was first known as Blackstone's Grove. One member of the family was Elder J. C. Williams, for some time a resident of Hadley, but afterward of Chicago, one of the old, substantial merchants of that city and an Elder in the Second Presbyterian Church ; while another, Charles A., was a preacher of the Gospel, once settled in Rockford ; and another is the present Judge Erastus S. Williams, of Chicago. Still another Deacon was Orange Chauncey, lately deceased (died in 1877), who for a long time, with his family, resided in Joliet, but left again for the vicinity where he originally set- tled. This Deacon was a " Universalist " onfe, but his wife, who still survives, was a Deacon for a long time in the Baptist Church here — or at least she ought to have been. Alanson Granger is a name well known in Will Countv, for a long time a most successful granger on Section 32 of that town. He is said to have run the first reaper in Will County — an old original McCormick made in Brockport, N. Y. He was from Cortland County, N. Y., and died in October, 1874, nearly 72 years of age. To the list of Deacons in Yankee Settlement, we ought to add the name of Comstock Hanford, inasmuch as he was one of the orijxinal organizers of the Episcopal Church here. Some of these persons we have named would probably be included in the township of Lockport. It is said that Butterfield built the first house in the present township (of Lockport), and that a Mr. Everden built the first house on the town plat in 1831, little dream- ing that he was beginning to found a city. It is also said that Armstead Run- yon bought his claim, on which he laid out, in 1836, the town plat now known as North Lockport, once known as Runyon's Town. To the list of old settlers in Lockport ought to be added those of D. C. Baldwin, 1834 ; A. J. Matthew- son and John Fiddyment in 1837; and Dr. J. F. Daggett, 1838. Dr. J. F. Daggett represented the county in the State Senate after the res- ignation of Hon. Henry Snapp. A. J. Matthewson is our present County Survevor, and is one of the blessings for which we are indebted to the canal, he having been one of the corps of engineers. West Lockport, where the old mill still stands, was laid out by a company consisting of Wm. Rogers, Lyman 260 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Hawlev, Wm. Gooding and E. S. Prescott. John M. Wilson — Judge Wil- son of Cliicai^o — was also interested in the mill, which was built by these parties, but whether as one of the original parties to the enterprise or as a purchaser afterward, we cannot say. West Lockport was once the most flourishino- part of the town. But it seems that in relation to towns, Bishop Berkley's saying, '-Westward the star of empires takes its way," does not hold good. Mr. Horace Morse built a tavern on one of Runyon's lots in 1836. The site on which the most flourishing part of the city is now located, was laid out in 1837 by the Canal Commissioners, and for many years had the prestige of being the canal headquarters. It is beautifully located, and Avas well laid out under the skillful and careful supervision of the Chief Engineer. Canal Commissioners Thornton and Fry took up their residence there, and built fine dwellings — fine for that day. We believe it is one of these which has been remodeled into a beautiful home by Mrs. Boyer. LOCKPORT TOWN WEST OF THE RIVER. Across the river on the beautiful blufi" which overlooks the town and the valley of the Des Plaines, as we have said. Holder Sisson moved, after selling out to Hanford. On this bluff also located Wm. Rogers, Lyman Hawley and sons, Justin Taylor, Thomas and Harvey Reed, and that "fine ould Irish gin- tleman," Patrick Fitzpatrick, and 0. and L. M. Clayes, and Cyrus Bronson, in 1832-5. These farms, which we suppose have mostly passed into other hands, are among the most finely located in the county. Lyman Hawley was a sub- stantial man from Western New York, the father of our well-known citizens, 0. L, Hawley (noAV deceased), our County Clerk from 1849 to 1856 (eight years), and who also held the ofiice of County Judge four years (1856 to 1860), and of Walter B. Hawley, who has also been County Clerk. The writer well remembers a notable "raising" we had in 1835 or 1836, when Lyman Hawley built his famous barn — a big thing for that day when barns were not very plenty, and which we believe is still extant, although it doesn't look as large now as when it was the best in all the country. What a lift we had at the big timbers of green oak, and how glad the boys were when the last rafter was up. and we all went to the feast set on the lawn, the old but comfortable log house being altogether too small to hold the guests. What a feast that was, and not the least among the attractions to some was the fact that we were waited upon by three or four blooming daughters of the host, for Yankee Settlement did not, in those days, have a monopoly of the pretty girls. We could name one old gray head that was there, and who was "sweet" on one of the girls. But we won't for he is married now to somebody else, and it might make a fuss. There were also a Mr. Webb and Thomas Williams still further up the river, and also a Mr. Turner at the Lilly-cache Grove. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 261 UPPER HICKORY. In the Upper Hickory Creek timber, east of Van Home's Point, there were early settlers. In 1831, a Mr. Osborn, Wm. Moore, Robert Williams, Aaron Ware, John McGoveny and sons, John McDeed, and a Mr. Ghost, and a Mr. Berry, who soon turned Mormon, settled there. Daniel Lambert, John Duncan, James Troutman and Hiram Wood, in 1882; Allen and Lysander Denny, Ambrose Doty, Chester Marshall and sons, Francis Owen and sons, Eliphalet Atkins and sons, Samuel Haven, Myron Holmes and sons, Phineas H. Holden and sons, a Mr. Dewey, and Peter Clayes, fjither of L. M., Orlando Clayes and Charles Clayes, in 1834-5. A child of John McGoveny, John W., is another first child born in the county. There were quite a number born first ! However this may be, 'Scjuire McGoveny, of Mokena, and Thos. G. McGoveny, of Joliet, are his sons. He was from Ohio, originally, and came to the region where he settled in 1831, and died in March, 1869, aged 61. An addition to Mokena is part of his farm. Allen Denny, on the north side of Hickory, and Samuel Haven, on the south side, both kept stations on the underground railroad in Antislavery times. The writer hereof knows of some who paid midnight visits to both stations. A mid- night ride with one or two fugitives was an exciting thing in those days, not without danger of being prosecuted, at least. ILLINOIS BLACK LAWS AND ABOLITIONISTS. For the information of our younger readers, it may, perhaps, be well to explain, and here is as good a place as any to do it, that in those days, besides the general fugitive slave law of the United States, the State of Illinois had in force statutes against the colored man hardly less outrageous and cruel than those of the slave States themselves. Many slaves had been brought into this State while a Territory, and when the State was admitted into the Union the ownership in these was practically confirmed, although the importation of any more was prohibited. The southern part of the State was settled by persons from the slave States, and it was only by a small majority that the State became nominally a free State. Every colored man was presumed to be a fugitive from slavery, and, unless he could prove the contrary, was subject to arrest and sale, although the sale took the form of a lease or indenture. Now, there were, in those days, all over the North, as is well known, many persons known as Abolitionists, who had more respect for the God-given right of self- ownership than they had for the title which human — or rather inhuman — laws gave to one man who happened to be white, over another who happened to be black. These human laws, whether State or national, they held to be against the law of God, and therefore void "m foro conscientice," however they might be enforced by human courts. It was an easy corollary to this belief that to help a man who was fleeing from bondage was a duty — that to aid in o 262 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. his capture was a crime against God and man. To aid the fugitives, these underf^round railroads — so called because the matter was generally conducted secretly and in the night — were established, consisting of relays of well-known friends of the slave, who at any time stood ready to harness a team and forward the slave to the next station. Of course Canada was the destination of the fugitives. Nowhere was he s:ife under the eagle ; only when he got into the embrace of the lion could he breathe free. As we have said, Denny and Haven both kept stations of this kind. It happened in the course of things that Denny, good old Deacon Gushing and Col. Stewart, of whom we shall soon speak, were once indicted under the black laws of our State for aiding such fugitives. As all know, our brave soldier boys and Father Abraham's proc- lamation destroyed the business of the underground railroad. The march of enlightened public opinion has long since brought about the repeal of the black laws of our State. Allen Denny settled in Sheridan, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1811, when 20 years of age. While there, he engaged in storekeeping, and among other goods, wares and merchandise, sold whisky and its congeners. But he went to hear a lecture of the agent of the State Temperance Society, and was converted to teetotalism. He at once stopped the sale of liquor, and, with five others, one of whom was Samuel Haven, he formed a temperance society. In 1835, he came with the Holmes families to Hickory Creek, where he lived until his death, well known and highly respected. In the war of 1812, he was a soldier, and was present at the battle of Black Rock and the burning of Buifalo, and could give graphic accounts of the stampede of our militia. The Rock Island Railroad run through Mr. Denny's farm, and he laid oft" a part of it into the " village of Mokena. We have not the date of Mr. Allen Denny's death. His brother Lysander died in March, 1872, at the age of 75. 0. and L. M. Clayes we have given as early settlers in West Lockport Township ; but they soon abandoned their claim there, which was on canal land and located on Hickory, where their father, Peter Clayes, and another son, Charles, also settled. Previous to the opening of the railroads, there was a little village (i. e., a store and post office) in the Clayes neighborhood, named Chelsea — L. M. Clayes, Postmaster; but the Cut-Off" Railroad cut off" its pros- pects as a city. Peter Clayes died in 1849, at the age of 74. Chester Marshall, who, by the way, was also a Deacon of a Baptist Church, we believe, was also one of these Abolitionists, and a strong temperance man, always on hand at Temperance and Antislavery conventions. He was a tall, large, noble-looking man. Our State Senator, A. 0. Marshall, and R. W. Marshall, lawyers, in Joliet, are his grandsons. He died in August, 1859, at the age of 80 years. He came to Will County with Benjamin Weaver, of Yankee Settlement, in 1833, from Onondaga County, N. Y. Phineas H. Ilolden was also a prominent man in early times. He was the father of C. C. P. Holden, of Chicago ; of Major L. P. Holden, of the Eighty-eighth Illinois HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 263 Regiment, and of Dr. Holden, of Frankfort. IL^ died in 1872, at the age of ?^0 years. Of Samuel Haven and the other Havens \\c will speak by and by. THORN CREEK AND BEEBE's GROVE. Still further east and south, in what is now known as the town of Crete, but then having two settlements, known as Beebe's Grove and Thorn Creek, there were early settlements. In 1833-4, Major Price, Wm. Osborn and Asa Dade; in 1835-6, Minoris Beebe, Shipman Frank, Quartus Marsh and four sons (Jon- athan, Edwin, Horatio and Henry), Jas. L. Dean, Wm. Bryant, J. Stalcop, Wm. R. Starr, Willard Wood, Dea. Samuel Cushing (of whom we have spoken), Nor- man Northrop, John H. Bennett, Moses H. Cook, Henry Milliken, Charles Wood, Hazen Adams, John Kyle and son, Enoch Dodge, Henry Ayers, David Haner, John E. Hewes, J. W. SaflFord and three sons. One of Mr. Saffbrd's sons was afterward well-known in Joliet, as the con- fidential clerk of Gov. Matteson, while he carried on business in Joliet. He afterward removed to Cairo, and became a prominent business man and banker. Another son was the Hon. C. P. K. Safford, Governor of Arizona. Both have recently deceased. A daughter of Mr. Safford became justly and honorably noted for her efforts in behalf of our soldiers during the war of the rebellion, on the battle fields of Belmont and Pittsburg Landing and in the hospital at Cairo. Many a soldier yet remembers the " Angel of Cairo." She subsequently became a physician, studied in the hospitals of Europe, where she attracted considerable notice for her modesty of demeanor and her professional and surgical skill. She is now, we believe, married, and resides somewhere in New England. Quartus Marsh was from Monroe County, N. Y. He died in 1850. He was the first settler in his immediate neighborhood. Jonathan Marsh, who died at Matteson, lately, and Edwin, who still resides there, Henry Marsh, for some time a cabinet maker in Joliet, and who got one of Deacon Beach's girls for his wife, as well as H. N. Marsh, so long known and respected in Joliet and Will County, are his sons. Deacon Cushing, we mentioned a little back as one -of the indicted. We have a little more to say about this indictment. It was obtained when the brilliant Pat. Ballingall was State's Attorney for the District, and C. C. Van Home was the Foreman of the grand jury and complainant. There were also on the jury some who were outspoken friends of the slave; but they felt, justly, that their oaths compelled them to find a bill against an infringement of an un- just law. When the officer called early Monday morning to arrest the good Deacon, he was at his breakfast. The officer allowed him to finish, and also to attend to a duty which was as regularly observed as his morning meal — family devotions. It so happened that in the morning's regular lesson in course occurred these words : '" Whether it be right to obey God, rather than man, judge ye.'' When brought into court, he was allowed to give bail for his appear- ance at the next term of court. James McKee promptly volunteered to be his 264 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. bail, and James H. Collins, of Chicago, who was then on his return from Prince- ton, where he had been to defend Owen Lovejoy, on a like charge, volunteered to defend him, and John M. Wilson also volunteered to assist. But before the next term of court, the parties complaining had got thoroughly ashamed of their course, and Ballingall entered a nol. pros. The fiery eloquence of the prose- cuting attorney and the voice of the complainant have both been long since hushed in the grave, while the good old Deacon still lives, fast ripening for that world where we may believe feeding the hungry and pouring in oil and wine into the wounds inflicted by the driver's lash, are not indictable offenses. Blessed be the man against whom no more serious charge can be brought. It is some compensation to the Deacon to have lived to see the time when such an indictment is impossible in all our land. CHANNAHON. In that beautiful portion of our county which lies between the Des Plaines and Du Page Rivers, and near the meeting of the waters, now included in the town of Channahon, some settlers came as early as 1832, while the Indian still cultivated corn on the bottom and fished along the streams. This was a favor- ite spot with them, and they long lingered here. Their canoes passed up and down the rivers, and in the mounds which are still distinguishable they buried their dead. Somewhere near Treat's Island an Indian was buried as late as 1835. He was placed in a sitting posture partly out of the ground, and a pen of saplings placed around him. He is supposed to have been a chief, as the Indians passing up and down always visited his grave, and left various articles upon it as tokens of respect. A little flag was also kept flying over it, which was cared for by the Treats. North of Joliet, the writer remembers to have seen the grave of an infant in the top of a tree. It consisted of two hollow slabs in which the body was placed, being fastened together and to the tree by strips of bark. Perhaps it is a misnomer to call this a grave, and why they thus disposed of an infant's body we know not, unless it was a dim reflection of the Savior's words, "Of such is the kingdom of heaven." Believing that the child's spirit had gone straight to the "happy hunting fields," they placed the body as near as possible to the sky. Among the earliest settlers in Chan- nahon Avere Isaac Jessup, Wm. E. Peck, E. C. Fellows, H. D. Risley, Peter McCowan, Capt. Willard, Michael Morehouse, Jedediah, Walter, and E. G. Eames, Joseph N. Fryer, Russell Tryon, George Tryon, "Uncle Bont" Schermerhorn and his four sons — Peter, Jacob B., Cornelius and Isaac — and John Ward. These came in 1832-3-4. In 1835, Dr. Peter Schermerhorn, Joseph Lewis, Sam'l Lewis and Dr. Wm. Lewis, Isaac and Burke Van Alstine, Wm. Althouse and a colored gentleman for whom we have never heard any name but "Dick." Several of these settlers were representatives of the old Dutch families on the Hudson, coming from Schodack and vicinity, and, like their ancestors, knew good land when they saw it, and then settled down to stay. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY, 265 Joseph Davis and his sons came in 1830. Isaac Jcssup, long- a prominent citi- zen, died in 1853, at the age of 66. He, too, bore the honorable title of Dea- con, and was County Treasurer in 1843-6. His sons still perpetuate his name. A daugliter of his, Mrs. E. Jessup Eames, had considerable reputation as a poetess some years ago; and another, Sarah, who died in 1863, was not altogether unknown to local fame. H. D. Risley was from Salina, N. Y., and being elected Sherift* of the county in 1840, he removed to the old county jail, where he remained four years. He was also a canal contractor in canal times. The Van Alstines are still extant and residents of the vicinity. and so is their "Nigger Dick," the same old sinner he was forty-odd years ago. There seems to be little change in him since the time he came up to attend a ball in 1836, when his ox-team got wedged so inexplicably between the old Demmond Block and the precipice in its rear, save that he has grown a little grayer. Dick has the honor of being the first, and for a long time the only, representative of his race in Will County. J. B. Schermerhorn was County Commissioner in the years 1848-9, and Supervisor of Channahon 1854-6. Dr. Peter Schermerhorn was for some years a practicing physician in Channa- hon and vicinity, and afterward removed to Ottawa, where he died. Wm. B. Peck, generally known as Judge Peck, having been a County Judge where he came from in the county of Columbia, State of New York, was a prominent man, something of a politician, and County Commissioner four years — 1839- 42. He died in the year 1849, in the 71st year of his age. E. C. Fellows, the well-known lawyer, and the earliest lawyer in the county, came to Channa- hon at the same time and married a daughter of Judge Peck. He came to Joliet in 1835. It is but recently that he has deceased. Of his ability as a lawyer, especially as a criminal lawyer, everybody in Will County is well aware. George Tryon was Supervisor of Channahon for the years 1850-52. E. H. Jessup, one of Isaac Jessup's sons, was Supervisor in 1862, and John S. Jessup, another son, represented in part our county in the Legislature in the year 1872. He was the first victim of minority representation. J. N. Fryer has been Supervisor from 1866 down to date, and perhaps will be as long as he lives. Michael Morehouse was a native of Connecticut, born in 1791, a good, honorable and intelligent man, who died in 1876. Dr. Knapp and George Tryon came together from Vermont, and were the first settlers in the 'part of the town where they located, now on the beautiful ''wide water" made by the canal, and the favorite resort of Fourth of July picnics. The Indians were dwelling on the bottom of the Des Planes, and at a spot across the river, a little lower down, known then as the "sugar bush," in con- siderable numbers. They were under the supervision of one of old Bourbon- nie's sons, a half-breed. Seymor Treat and son had settled at the island still known by his name, in 1833. The Treats were great friends of the Indians, never refusing them food or shelter, though their supplies were not very abun- dant. The Indians held the family in high regard, and when they received 266 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. their last annuity, they gave him ^1,000 as a remembrancer, which furnished him the means to go on with the mill which he was building. He had a son and daughter. The son was known as Dr. Treat. The mill was built at the lower end of the island. The Indians were friendly to the early settlers, and never troublesome unless they had drunk too much fire-Avater. They called this lic^uid good-na-tosh — clearly a misnomer. As the settlers were not familiar with the Indian language, they had to resort lai-gely to the natural language of signs, at which the Indians are as expert as the deaf-raiites. Dr. Knapp tells an amusing story as to how an Indian tried to make him understand what he meant when he wanted to sell him some "ho-mo-sis-paw-quet" — that is, bee- suo-ar or honey. This is a story that can't be told except in pantomime, and nobody can do it justice but the doctor. If you ever see him, get him to tell it. It is the best specimen of pantomime we ever saw. We must note the fact that in Channahon, on the southeast side of the Des Plaines, is the large plantation of Charles C. Smith, one of the sons of our old resident and Justice of the Peace, Barton Smith. We gave a little history of Charley in " Forty Years Ago." He has been Supervisor of Channahon for several years, and we wish we had his note for a thousand or two dollars. The village of Channahon was laid out by the Canal Commissioners, and was first named Swifton, after one of their number; but Judge Peck got it changed by an act of the Legislature to its present name, the significance of which we have already given. , -' *= TROUTMAN S GROVE. On the southeast side of the river, within the present town, but known then as Troutman's Grove, there settled, in 1831 or 1832, Joseph McCune and John Troutman ; and in 1833, Robert Thornburg and sons, one of whom, John Thornburg;, still resides there. ° TROY. Up the Du Page, in the present town of Troy, there were also some settlers quite early. The first, perhaps, was Jedediah Woolley, Jr., who came in 1831 and commenced building a mill. The enterprise was interrupted by the Sac war, and completed in 1834. A man of the name of Chipman was engaged with him in the enterprise. Two men of the name of Rexford also settled there and rented Woolley's mill. John Van Riper and sons also settled there early, and a Mr. Fleming. Our well-known citizen, Carey Thornton, also settled on the Channahon road, and opened one of the finest farms in the county. It used to be a good place to stop at and eat pumpkin pie. Josiah R. Holden, a brother of Phineas Holden, of Frankfort Settlement, was an early settler in this township, having located on Section 32, just across the Du Page, where the old Au Sable road crosses. He came in 1834, and was for some years one of our best and most reliable citizens. He now lives in Michigan with a son, who is Secretary of State. Mr. Holden and his wife were members of the old Plainficld Congregational Church, and they celebrated their HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 267 golden Avedding about four years since. They were from New Hampshire. Mr. H. is now 81. The famous Haff farm, at the moutli of Rock Run, is also in the town of Troy. This was opened by the well-known Horace Haff, commonly called 'Squire Haff, in 1836. It was one of the best farms and he was one of the best citizens of Will County. Ho resided there many years, but a few years before his death, sold it and came to Joliet, where he died in November, 1865. Coming still farther north, Andrew and Marshall King and another brother settled just west of the mound, in 1833 or 1834. The sons and daughters of these Kings are still among us. J. Q. A. King, the well-known coal dealer and a member of Barnett's Battery all through the war, is one of them. Norman Bradley was also an early settler in the same neighborhood. Directly west of Joliet, on the Rock Run, was another early settler, of the name of Colvin, from whom the grove was named. WILMINGTON AND FORKED CREEK. On the Kankakee River and Forked Creek, in localities which are now in- cluded in Florence, Wesley and Wilmington, there were early settlers. The earliest of these were John Frazier, Hamilton Keeney, John Williams, Robert Kilpatrick, James Kelly, James Jordan, John Howell and George Beckwith, who came as early as 1834, and perhaps some of them before. Most of these were Virginians. Joseph Hadsall and Mr. Goodwin came in 1835. These were mostly in Wesley and Florence. On the river, Peter Polly settled in 1834, at the head of the Island. Thomas Cox went from Joliet, where he was one of the earliest settlers, to the Kankakee, and laid out the town of Winches- ter, which was afterward changed to Wilmington, in 1836. He had previously made an extensive claim, in 1 834, on Sections 25 and 26, including the island. He built a saw-mill, and some other mills, we believe. In 1835, Peter Stewart, from Amsterdam, N. Y., visited the West, selected Wilmington as his location, and moved West Avith his family in 1836. The writer well remembers making the acquaintance of the family while they stopped overnight at the old American Hotel. This hotel, by the way, stood on the ground now occupied by Bush's Block, where he is now Avriting. From that day forth our acquaintance with Mr. Stewart continued until his death in 1868, at the age of 85. From his first coming to the country, Peter SteAvart was an influential and noted man. He was a native of Scotland, having been born in 1783, at Coilantagle Ford, in the parish of Callender, the spot where Scott locates the encounter between Fitz James and Roderick Dhu, when "111 fared it then with Roderick Dhu, That on the ground his targe he threw." In Scotland, he was the steward of one of the great lords of the country. On coming to America he became a lord himself He acquired a handsome property by contracts upon the Erie Canal, near Albany. He also built the 268 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Auburn Theological Seminary and the Navy Yard buildings at New York. On comincy to Wilmington, he built a large, fine house, far the finest in the county at that period, and even now a good one. He laid out an addition to "Wilmington, and built a saw-mill on Foi'ked Creek. He was Superintendent of Illinois ifc Michigan Canal after its completion. The old Stewart mansion was a most hospitable one in the early days. Uncle Peter was a man of exten- sive information, acquired by reading and intercourse with public men. He had a fine library, and his home was a delightful one, overlooking the beautiful Kankakee and Forked Creeks at their junction. Mrs. Stewart was one of the most lovely of women, and might have sat for King Lemuel's picture of the excellent woman. None who knew her have forgotten her, although she has been thirty-two years in heaven. That was a sad day to many hearts when she died. The writer has one souvenir of a visit to the Stewart mansion in 1842, a feAV years before her death. This is a root of that most beautiful herbaceous plant, the rose-colored spirea, which he found growing in native beauty and lux- uriance by the spring which wells up beneath the blufi" on which the mansion stands. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart were mainstays in the Presbyterian Church at Wilmington, while they lived, and liberal supporters of all charitable and phil- anthropic movements. The Stewart house extended its hospitalities to the poor fugitives from Southern bondage, and was one of the stations on the underground railroad of which we have spoken. Mr. Stewart himself enjoyed the distinction of being called the President of the road. This reminds us of a storv which is told of Uncle Peter. Once when in Washino;ton, during the Presidency of James Buchanan, he happened to be riding from Washington to Baltimore in the same car with the President, and to be seated near him. A lady in the car requested Col. Stewart to exchange seats with her, saying that she wished to sit near the President. Mr. Stewart, with the bluff and hearty manner for which he was noted, says : " Madam, / a'qi the President. "Indeed!" says the lady, " Of what are you president?" " Of the under- ground railroad, Madam," he replied, as, with great politeness and good humor, he complied with her request. Well, he lived to see "his occupation gone ! " And men who then were compelled to skulk by night through free Spates, or live under the driver's lash, may now vote and hold office, may go to Congi-ess, sit in JeflF Davis's seat in the Senate and own his plantation ; and a fugitive slave is Marshal of the District of Columbia, where once there were slave pens and auction blocks. Verily the world does move ! Mr. Stewart died Sept. 28, 1868. The veteran preacher, J. G. Porter, who was sometime his Pastor, preached his funeral sermon from the appropriate text, 2d Sam., iii, 38, "Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel ? " The settling of Peter Stewart at Wilmington was accompanied by, and perhaps the occasion of, the coming of others of his countrymen, until it became noted for its Scotch element. Amons; these we recall the names of Fred Stewart, his son ; Daniel Stewart, his brother (who died in 1874 — age HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 269 74), Arch. J. Mclntyre, Peter Mcintosh, John Mcintosh, David Mcintosh, David Bell, Daniel Mcintosh, the good old Deacon ; Andrew Whitton, a native of the Isle of Man, and his sons, John and James Whitton ; John and David Thompson, and Duncan Mclntyre, in 1836—37 ; Peter McFarlin, in 1840. Dr. Bowen removed to Wilmington from Joliet, and also Edmund Allen, where they still live. Wilmington is now well known on account of its water-power, manufactur- ing enterprises, adjacent coal mines and Kankakee River improvements — all of which will be noticed elsewhere in the town history. There were early settle- ments farther up the Kankakee. UP THE KANKAKEE. Thomas Hatton, afterward a resident of Joliet, and Richard Yates settled across the Kankakee, higher up, in the present town of Custer, as early as 1834 or 1835. Still farther up the^Kankakee, there were early settlements, em- bracing some of the old Indian reservations and the French and Indian settle- ment known as Bourbonnais Grove. One of our first County Commissioners, Thomas Durham, was from Bourbonnais. Dr. Todd, a once well-known and influential resident of the county, purchased five sections of land on Rock Creek, which empties into the Kankakee, near the county line, and perhaps some might have been within the present bounds of the county. The deed was the third one on the records of Will County, as transcribed from Cook County, and is from Shaw-waw-nas-see to Hiram Todd, dated March 22, 1833, convey- ing, for the consideration of $4,000, five sections of land, a reservation, to said red gentleman, by Article 2 of a treaty made October 5, 1832, between Jona- than Jennings, John W. Davis and Marks Cume, United States Commission- ers, and the chiefs and head men of the Pottawatomies, the said land lying at the mouth of Rock Creek, and including the little Rock village. This deed was Avitnessed by Luther Rice and C. C. Van Home. Mrs. Shaw-waw-nas-see did not sign this deed, but another was executed a little later which she signed (or made her totem), in token of her relinquishment of the right of dower. She rejoiced in the euphonious name of Ke-kit-o-quah. She probably is not living to sSt up a claim for dower on the score of defective acknowledgment. Cornelius C. Van Home, a Justice of the Peace (then) of Cook County, took the acknowledgment. Other deeds of Indian reservations executed by Mr. " Lo " are on the county records ; but as this region has passed out of our do- main we omit all further notice of its history. FIVE-MILE GROVE. Some persons settled in what was known as " Five-Mile Grove," now in the town of Manhattan, quite early. The first settlers were a Mr. Stevens and Ephraim and Edward Perkins, who settled there in 1832 or 1833 ; Mr. Jones, in 1835, and the Rudds, in 1838. But the town being, with the slight exception of the grove, prairie and out of sight of land, did not entice many settlers until 270 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. a later day. The Bakers, the Lawrances and the Youngs, who made the grove such a famous place for excursions, twenty years ago, did not come until 1849 or 1850; and about this time the township filled up rapidly with good settlers, many of whom are now of German nationality. We leave further notice of it to the township historian. TWELVE-MILE GROVE. Twelve-Mile Grove, now a part of Wilton, having two sections of land, mostly timber, attracted some squatters at an early day. As early as 1832, Samuel Holcomb settled at the northeast end of the grove, and Abram Huyck, in 1835. From 1837 to 1840, Frank Chamberlin, James Adams, Horace Fish, Weir Leavitt, Jabez and Hiram Harvey settled there, and many others soon after. The Kennistons, Nelsons and others were somewhat later. Considerable his- torical interest attaches to this grove, on account of the fact that it was orig- inally an Indian Reservation consisting of two sections of land, reserved by the same ti'eaty of which we have elsewhere spoken, and is generally known as the " Se-natch-wine Reservation." One section was reserved to Joseph Laugh ton, an Indian who seems to have borrowed a Avhiteman's name, and the other to Se-natch-e-wine, which is commonly corrupted to Snatchwine. The man who bore this name seems to have been a chief. We find that his name occurs often in the Indian history of this region. We find it also in the treaties of 1815-16 with the Pottawatomies, spelled Sou-nou-che-wome. The name, in its corrupted form, is perpetuated in a stream in Bureau County — Snatchwine Creek — and a township in Putnam County has the same name. We have not been able to find the meaning of the name. It is not given in the treaties referred to. It is a great pity that more of these names have not been preserved, as some of them would be appropriate now. For instance : Pierce-mack-ie — the man who walks crooked. Mark-sua-ma-nee — the man who is sick when he walks. Oh-ho-shin-ga — the man who cooks little in a small kettle. Shou-ga-tong — the horse jockey. Now-ja-ming-he — the man who has no heart. These names we can readily see would be very convenient to have even now. In this grove was once an Indian village, of which Se-natch-e-wine was chief. This reservation of two sections was deeded by the chief in question, and Joseph Laughton, to James Kibbin, in 1840, and one section was conveyed by him to the Nelsons. Of course, while the title was unsettled, there were more or less squatter and confiicting claims, the history of which we cannot go into. The title was considered defective until confirmed by act of Congress. An old chief's grave was still conspicuous when the white settlers came. He was buried in the usual way — in a pen of saplings, in a sitting posture, with his gun, pipe, kettles, etc., all ready for use in the happy hunting grounds. Mr. Nelson once obtained a perfect skeleton, teeth all preserved, from the ground HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 271 now under cultivation. The plow still turns up Indian relics. Laughton and Snatchwine, with other Indians, visited the grove after it had become settled and inclosed. Coming to the fences which had been built, they cut a passage through them until they reached the site of their old village, where they camped for some days. " Old Put" was a noted character in the settlement. His notoriety, how- ever, was of a kind not likely to attract new-comers, and some of the settlers determined to rid the grove of his presence. They did this most effectually. The means resorted to was a coat of tar and feathers and shaving his head, when he was let go. He stood not upon the order of his going, but went, and the grove knew him no more. The Indian name of this grove was Na-be-ne- ka-nong. As Capt. Cuttle says : Please make a note of it. The translation of the word is "Twelve miles from any other place," hence the name by which it used to be known. The stream known as Forked Creek runs through the grove. *= WASHINGTON AND WILL. Some other of the eastern towns of the county are of comparatively recent settlement. Being outside the Indian boundary line, and being almost entirely prairie and at a considerable distance from timber, they were settled slowly at first. The opening of the Illinois Central Road and the Chicago & Danville Road, has, however, rendered them accessible, and they have rapidly filled up, mostly with Germans. The township of Washington, lying directly south of Crete, began to be settled about 1850. The earliest settlers Avere Jesse Dutcher, Jacob Barney and Charles Fuller, who were soon followed by John Rose, Wm. Strain, Peter Abercrombie, Mr. Selvey, and the ubiquitous John Smith, and a little later Joseph Maxwell, Clinton Fuller and John Bows were added. The Germans then took possession, and have become a power in the county. The township of Will, lying east of Washington, was settled about the same time. John McKenzie, we believe, was the first settler, in 1849, and in 1853 J. M. Gridley, Joseph Baldwin, Mr. Lyons and II. N. Ingersoll ; in 1854-5, John B. Sollitt, F. P. Lilly, P. McMahon, Robert Patterson, William Consta- ble and William Pickard. Rev. S. C. Gilbert, a veteran home missionary, preached the first sermon, in 1854. This is also entirely a prairie township. New York, New Jersey, Maine, Vermont, Ohio and Virginia, of the States, and England, Scotland, Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Prince Edward Island have furnished the tillers of its fertile acres. PEOTONE, Still another prairie township is Peotone, which was also settled from 1849 down. David B. Booth and James Allen were the earliest on the ground, and were soon followed by Samuel Goodspeed, P. Armstrong, Ralph Crawford, J. C. Cowing and others. The Illinois Central Railroad passes through the south- oast corner, and a flourishing station of the same name as the town has grown 272 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. up on Section 24. Its population has also been gathered from various States and countries. greengarden. North of Peotone lies another prairie township, known as Greengarden, and before township organization, as Vermont Precinct, and was settled about the same time, being commenced in 1847 by M. F. Sanders and George M. Green. Levi Blanchard and James Hudson came in 1848, the latter-named being a preacher. From 1850 on, the township filled up rapidly, and is now largely German. The streams emptying into the Kankakee, known as Forked Creek and Prairie Creek, have their rise in this township. MONEE. In the township of Monee, lying between Greengarden and Crete, there were a few settled quite early. In 1834, John S. Dilley ; In 1835, John M. Chase, N. C. Tibbitts, S. W. Cooper, Nicholas Young and Ruel Carney ; and in 1836, S. W. Gaines, Aaron Bond, Otis Philips, Hollis Newton, and a Mr. Hall. This town- ship has about three sections of timber in the northeast corner, which will account for its earlier settlement. There is also a little grove in the southeast corner of the town. The first school was opened in 1836, by Otis B. Philips. It has filled up in later years largely with Germans. It has a flourishing sta- tion on the Central Railroad, of the same name. We believe we have now noticed the first settlements (except Joliet) in the coi^nty, and given the names of most of the settlers down to 1837, and, in some instances later. Our aim has only been to relate the beginning of things, leav- ing later history and other names, and statistics generally, to the township his- tories. Of course the rush of immigrants in the subsequent years was so great as to forbid our giving names. It now remains to notice the first settlements within the present limits of the city of Joliet. JOLIET CITY. In 1833, Charles Reed, whose name we have given as one of the first set- tlers at Reed's Grove, and which frequently occurs on our earliest records, both as grantor and grantee, made a claim on the southeast quarter of Section 9, T. 35, R. 10 E., and built a log house on the same, and commenced to make a dam and other preparations for a mill. Mr. Reed had purchased several tracts of canal land from the State, in 1833, as did others of the first settlers, the canal land being then in market. He, however, never had any title to this quarter, except a squatter's right, which he sold, together with his improve- ments, to James McKee, as we have elsewhere noted. James McKee was a Ken- tuckian by birth, but came here from Jacksonville, in this State. He was pro- vided with a float, or a right to enter any vacant land belonging to the State, which right had been granted to Sylvia Hall, on account of her suffering as an Indian captive, of which we shall speak by and by. This float, as the assignee of said Sylvia and her husband, Mr. McKee laid upon the fractional quar- IllSTOUY OF WILL COUNTY. 273 ter on which Mr. Reed had commenced his preparations for a mill. McKee proceeded at once to the erection of a mill on a somewhat larger scale than had been planned by Reed. Reed's millstone, we remember, was made from a large hard-head, or nigger-head, as they are sometimes called, and for a long time lay upon the old mill-yard. The dam was considerably above the present stone one built by the Canal Trustees, about where the lock-house now stands. The re- mains of it may be seen when the basin is drawn off. A flouring-mill was raised in the Fall of 1834. The raising of this mill was a notable event, in which the writer participated. The frame was built, of course, of heavy, green oak timber, and it required a previous canvass of the surrounding country to get together enough men to raise it. The old frame is still standing, being the building just above the Jefferson Street Bridge. Of course, the building of the present dam below it, rendered it useless as a mill, and it has since been occu- pied for various purposes. For a long time. Cook & Stillman had it for a livery ; then Charles Ward, for storage ; and it now seems to be chiefly used as a boat house for our amateur boat clubs. A saw-mill was also built below and adjoin- ing the grist-mill, which used to do a famous business manufacturing oak and black walnut lumber. Charles Reed, who, as we have already said, is entitled to be called the founder of Joliet, was born in Virginia in ISTl. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and a witness of Hull's cowardly "surrender. He came to the grove whichHbears his name in 1830 ; Joseph and Eli Shoemaker accompanied him ; we suppose they came immediately from Indiana. When the Black Hawk war occurred, he, with the other settlers escaped to Indiana. Mr. Reed moved to Joliet in 1833, as we have said ; he afterward removed to Winnebago County, where he died in 1863. He was appointed by the Gov- ernor one of the appraisers of Canal damages. He wa§ one of the kind of men made for pioneers, restless, honest, enterprising, fearless and hospitable. He was also sagacious and a good judge of land and locations. It is said that the principal thing which made him select this locality, aside from its water-power, was the fact that it vras on the old Sac trail, which showed it to be on the short- est and best route from Detroit to the Mississippi. It is an unfortunate thing for Chicago that it] is so far one side of this great thoroughfare. This is prob- ably what has retarded its growth. We are sorry for it, but we can't help it. Mr. Reed, after his sale to Mr. McKee, made a claim on the west half of the section, and built a log house just under the hill on which W. A. Strong's house stands. But as there was to be no recognition of claims on canal lands, under the new canal law, he did nor long remain. The house was afterward occupied by Judge Piersons and family, and was the scene of a mournful tragedy. Mrs. P., in an insane fit hung herself. This gave the old log house the reputation of being haunted. But J. C. Van Auken and family afterward occupied it, and, we believe, were never disturbed. This is the same place which Mr. Joseph Campbell, who came here in 1839, from the land of oaten cakes, bought at the sale of canal lands, and is now the beautiful property of W. A. Strong, Esq. 27 i HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. . James B. Campbell, who was Treasurer of the Board of Canal Commis- sioners, appointed under the act of 1829, held a float from the State also, by virtue of an act of the General Assembly granting preemption rights, etc., giving the right to locate any quarter of unsold canal lands. This was the float originally given to the other Hall girl. He located his float on the opposite side of the river, on the fractional quarter of Section 9, Township 35 north, Range 10, containing 66.90 acres, receiving for the deficit thirteen acres on what is now Eastern avenue. His choice has certainly been justified by time. He laid off" the original town of Joliet, and held a public sale of lots in June, 1834. Mr. Campbell, however, never took up his residence here, but, we think, resided at Ottawa for some time. He was, however, well known all over the canal route in an early day. Some of our present property owners have heard, in recent years, of his widow — perhaps have interviewed her or her lawyers — as she re-appeared very suddenly, a few years since, claiming dower in the lots which Campbell, by attorney, had conveyed to various parties. Some settled with her by paying diff'erent amounts. They might have saved their money, as she soon went where all earthly rights and claims are not of much account. At this sale, the lots brought from $19 to $108. The sale was held in a building then just put up by the Bailey Brothers, on the lot now owned and occupied by Mrs. Kinney, which they had bought before the public sale. This was the first frame house put up in the city, and the lumber was sawed at Sayer's mill. This sale was a great event. From "Walker's Grove" to the "Head of Hickory," fiom " Treat's Mill" to "the Sag," and from " Bourbonnais " to "Blue Island," and even from the promising village of Chicago, the people gathered to the number of perhaps two hundred. A bountiful collation was prepared by the ladies of the neighboring settlements, who were present to dispense it. Campbell's town was recorded as " Juliet," whether after Shakespeare's heroine, or his own daughter, or by mistake for Joliet, the writer cannot deter- mine. There are various theories ; take your choice. The name was changed afterward, at the suggestion of S. W. Bowen and others, by an act of the Leg- islature introduced by D. L. Gregg, Esq. And here we wish to notify all peo- ple, both in America and Europe, that the proper way to spell it is — Joliet. Please do not waste so many I's and t's and e's when you write it, and although we are a jolly people, please do not pronounce it Jolly-ett, but Zho-liet; accent on first syllable. If you wish to go to the root of the subject, the primary meaning of the word is pretty, which makes it all the more appropriate for our city. Early in March, 1834, Albert W. Bowen, a physician in pursuit of a loca- tion, came to this vicinity and boarded a while with Lewis Kerchival. He had the sagacity to foresee that a town would grow up in this locality, and made a claim on Section 2, in this township. He also built a small frame house on Section 10, near where the Union School House now stands, in which he lived after -.'=vS^;<^Pj. % (deceased) JOLJ ET. '-^^^^^'-n.^fC^ HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 277 the arrival of his wife. Dr. Bowen, who had been a practitioner for nine years in Herkimer County, N. Y., commenced the practice of his profession, and also engaged largely in speculations. He acted as agent for Jas. B. Campbell in the sale of lots, and soon added East Joliet and Bowen's Addition to the town. Dr. Bowen procured the establishment of a post office at Joliet, and was the first Postmaster, holding the office several years, until Taylor's election. He was one of the most conspicuous men in our early history. Major Bowen, of the One Hundredth, who gave his life for the Union at the battle of Frank- lin, Tenn., was his son. Dr. Bowen has for some years resided at Wilmington, and bears well his 77 years of busy and useful life. In the Fall of 1833, Charles Clement, having some dimes which he thought would grow faster somewhere else, left New Hampshire, and, anticipating the advice of Horace Greeley, came West. Passing through the swamps of Michi- gan Territory, he struck out on horseback from Niles, followed the old Sac trail through Northern Indiana and Illinois, and crossed the Des Planes at a ford north of the city. Seeing no marks of the coming city except the old log cabin of Maggard, he rode on west to Walker's Grove, and from there down to Peoria. He returned in the Spring of 1834 to Walker's Grove, where he heard of Juliet as a point of promise, and he bent his pilgrim steps hither. This time he struck lower down and found James McKee laying the founda- tions of McKee's Town, or West Juliet. Convinced that this was the spot for his dimes, he planted 1,250 of them at once by purchasing an acre of land of James McKee, west of his mill-yard, Avhich acre embraced land which became the blocks on the northeast and northwest corners of Bluif and exchange streets, and extending west to Broadway. Events have fully justified his choice. From that time to the present, Mr. Clement has mostly resided at Joliet, and been one of our prominent citizens and property owners, and his dimes have fast multiplied. He was the first Treasurer of the county. He has held other positions of trust, and been found faithful. He now enjoys the distinction of being the " oldest male inhabitant" of the city, and though the writer stands next in the succession, he hopes Mr. C. will long enjoy the honor. His first enterprise in building consisted in putting up a frame house on the ground now- covered by Bush's Block, which became afterward the American House, and which was soon occupied by the family of his brother, Daniel Clement, who, with a millwright named Clark, came on in May of the same year. It was here that the hands, among them " Uncle Dick Hobbs," were boarding when the writer came in September. In June of the same year, M. H. Demmond from Herkimer Oounty, N. Y., and George R. Makepeace explored the West, and finally made a plant in the same locality, each purchasing another acre for the same sum of $125, of James McKee, Mr. Demmond's acre joining Clement's on the north, and Mr. Makepeace's still further north, on the north side of Oneida Street. They returned to New York, settled up their affairs and in September came on with 278 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. their families, following the Sac trail from Niles hither. A sister of Mrs. Demmond's, now Mrs. Foltz of Centre street, a hired man of the name of Jenny, and a verdant youth subsequently known and described as "Long George," and sometimes as "Deacon," and at rare and happy intervals by those whose sense of justice is keen, "Judge," accompanied Mr. Demmond. We wish we could illustrate this history with a bird's-eye view of Juliet at this time, September, 1834. The pen cannot be expected to do it justice. Com- ing in through the Hickory Creek timber, crossing the tall grass and weeds of Spring Creek bottom, the first building which greeted the eager eyes of the traveler, was the palatial mansion of Dr. Bowen, of which we have spoken — sixteen or eighteen feet square. Crossing the slough somewhere near the pres- ent Cass street, then covered with grass and weeds in which we could almost be lost, two other dwellings loomed upon the vision. These were occupied by Thomas Cox and Benj. F. Barker. One of these was afterward moved, and altered by J. 0. Norton, and is still extant on North Chicago street. Farther south there were perhaps three other buildings just erected. One of these became historic as the "Juliet Hotel," and stood on the corner north of the Cen- tral Presbyterian Church. This was moved a little east a few years since, and has been cremated. Another was the Bailey house. On the west side of the river, which was then crossed by a ford below the island, was the old log house built by Reed, Avith an addition by McKee ; the Clement house of wdiich we have spoken ; another which had been built for Mr. Demmond, per contract made by him on his first visit; and further north, a log house just above Cross street, in which lived a Mr. Campbell, and which soon after and for a long time was the home of Barton Smith, Esq., and family. The Maggard house was so far to the north as pot to be included in the city limits during its existence. Men were busy building McKee's dam, laying the foundation for the mill, digging the race, and hewing the timbers. Such were at this time all the indications of the future city. To watch the daily progress of the mill, eat Mrs. McKee's hot biscuit, and drink her coifee, and explore the suburbs, were the only re- sources for driving off the blues for the first few weeks ; and a hard time the writer had of it, no mistake. At this time, Deacon Brandon — it is wonderful how many Deacons we are able to get into this history — was lying upon his back, sick with bilious fever, in the McKee addition, and swallowing unlimited quan- tities of calomel, not a cheerful sight for the eyes of a new-comer. He was Mr. McKee's mason. We must not forget a block-house and palisades, built upon the highest part of the bluft', where H. N. Marsh's house now stands, during the Sac war. To this spot the writer often retired to dream of the future city — and of the girl he left behind him. In the course of the Fall and Winter the mill was erected and also a saw-mill, v/hich was rented and run by Dan. Clement and Clark. Mr. Demmond moved into the house he had built, and opened a store in one of the rooms, after the arrival of his goods, via the lakes, which were "hauled" from Chicago with "prairie schooners." The HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 270 Kings, who lived near the mound, hauled several loads. The goods were stored in Chicago at the old warehouse of Newbury & Dole, on the north side of the river. Probably few living remember the first warehouse of Chicago. Mr. Demmond had a prosperous trade, owing largely, no doubt, to his young and popular clerk ; but the accommodations were limited, and he soon planned greater things. He purchased during the Winter the land of McKee, except three acres sold, and another acre reserved for McKee, and the water-power, mill- yard, etc., and in the Spring commenced the erection of the old Demmond block, now owned by John D'Arcy. He laid oft' " West Juliet," and was soon busy selling lots, his clerk, who had spent a year in diligently looking at the bindings of a large law library, being conveyancer. FIRST WINTER. The following is probably nearly a correct list of the persons who spent the W^inter of 1834-5 within the present city limits: A. W. Bowen and wife, Wm. H. Blackburn and wife, Thomas Cox and wife, 0. D. Putnam, Henry Bone and wife, the two Baileys, George West and wife, N. H. Cutter, Benj. F. Bar- ker and wife, Eri Dodge and Avife, Jay Lyons, Edward Perkins and James C. Troutman, on the east side of the river ; and M. H. Demmond and wife, Miss Murray, G. H. Woodruff', James McKee and wife, Richard Hobbs, Charles W. Brandon, Daniel Clement and wife, Charles Clement, N. H. Clarke, D. Mag- gard, Asaph Webster, wife and son, Mr. Campbell and wife, a family named Lumereaux, and probably one or two others, on the west side. Mr. Makepeace and wife went to Fox River. FIRST CHURCUES AND SCHOOLS. During the Winter of 1834-5, the Rev. J. H. Prentiss, of Onondaga County, X. Y., came on here, under the auspices of the American Home Mis- sion Society, and believing that there were already some here who needed preaching to, and that there would probably soon be many more, determined to locate here, and during the Summer of 1835, came on with his family and es- tablished a mission. He first preached in a little stone house that stood on the southeast corner of Broadway and W^estern avenue, until a house was built by Demmond, E. Haven, McKee and J. Beaumont and others, for school and church purposes, on Hickory street, on the edge of Comstock's Pond. The house is still extant with considerable revamping, and is occupied as a residence by Mr. Tyrrell. It was long used as a school house and meeting house. Here the famous pedagogue of the early days, John Watkins, once taught. He has been called the first teacher at Chicago and at Joliet. Mr. Watkins was a worthy man and teacher, and we are sorry to take from him the honor of being first on the ground. But Mrs. Kinzie, in " Waubun," tells of an earlier one in Chicago, and a daughter of B. F. Barker says that a Miss Persis Cleveland taught the first Juliet school in the old block-house. If this was so, the writer protests that he never saw her on his frequent visits to that locality. John Wat- 280 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. kins now lives in Joliet, almost blind, and is occasionally seen upon our streets. If not the first pedagogue in Chicago, he must have been next, as he taught school in the same log house where Father Walker preached and lived in the days of his early labors in that city. S. W. Stone, a later acquisition to our city, taught in the same building, on Hickory street, as early as 1845; and some of our young men, who are not so very young, first learned " how to shoot" — paper wads under his administration. Mr. Prentiss built a shanty on Oneida street, just under the bluff, where he lived until he got his house finished — a house which still remains, and is the one lately occupied by Mr. Denker, on South Broadway. He was the first set- tled minister in the city, and organized a Presbyterian Church in August, 1835. The Episcopal (Christ) Church dates its organization a little ahead. This was organized in May of that year, by Bishop Chase, of " Robin's Nest," Peoria. Comstock Hanford, John Griswold, Miles Rice, Orlin Westover, A. W. Bowen, Julia Ann Hanford and Amorette B. Griswold were the original members. Some of these were from Yankee Settlement. All, except Dr. Bowen, were outside of Joliet. The original members of the Presbyterian Church were : Simon Z. Haven, Stephen Hubbard, Josiah Beaumont and his wife Eliza, Daniel Reed and his wife Cinda, Elias Haven and his wife Emily N., Eliza Prentiss, Delia Butler (Mrs. Prentiss' sister), and others were soon added. Forty-three names are on the original record, from August 12, 1835, to March 31, 1838, when Mr. Pren- tiss left for another field, and the Church soon ceased to have records, Septem- ber 2, 1838, being the last entry. Among these names — the writer will be pardoned for mentioning — were an honored father and mother", Theor and Chloe Woodruff", and a beloved wife, Hannah B. Woodruff. Rodney House, the good, gray old Deacon of the present Central Church, who had settled on the Au Sable in 1833, and moved to Joliet in 1835, was also a member. Of course, itinerants of the Methodist Episcopal Church were early on the ground, and organized classes at Juliet, as elsewhere in the county. As early as 1836, the Joliet Circuit was established, of which Stephen R. Beggs was first Elder, who at once commenced the work of building the first Methodist Church building, and organized the Church in 1837. That old Methodist Church was, for several years afterward, the blacksmith shop of the Rock Island Railroad. But long, long it had the honor of being the first and only church edifice in Joliet. Long, long, its walls resounded to the eloquence of the early preachers of the Church, and the shouts, amens and happy songs of the brethren, sisters and children. Long, long, quarterly meetings and love feasts there gladdened the hearts of tlie^membership. Many, many, precious souls were there "born into the kingdom," some of whom still fight the good fight of faith ; while many, many, have received the palm of victory, and now shout "amen " to the new song. HISTORY OF WILL (JOUNTY. 281 l83r,. The season of 1835 made many additions to our embryo city, among whom were John L. and Richard L. Wilson, George Iligley and family, Levi Jcnks and family, Archibald Crowl, Wm. Walters, 0. F. Rogers, Rev. J. II. Prentiss and family, Abel Gilbert, Geo. Squire and wife, Rodney House and family, William A. Chatfield and family, S. W. Bowen, Abijah Cagwin and family, a Mr. Roland and his two sons, Abner and Andrew, H. N. Marsh and wife, Elias Jlaven and sons, David Rattray, James Brodie, Francis Nicholson and wife, W. R, Atwell (our first blacksmith) and wife, Allen Pratt, Dr. Curtis Haven, Barton Smith and two sons and family, Joel George and wife, Sullivan Demmond, Jonathan Barnett, Charles Sayer, J. Beaumont and family, E. M. Daggett, E. C. Fellows, Fenner Aldrich, George Howliston, Alonzo Castle, Asa Rowe, Elias Hyde, Dr. Daniel Reed, David Crozior, Wm. Shorifi', S. B. Hopkins, Walter Seeley, Edson White, 0. W. Stillman, John M. Wilson, and a lawyer of the name of Pepper — not a misnomer. 1836. In 1836, the great speculation year, they came in rapidly. It will be imposible to recall all. Among the additions were J. A. Matteson, Orange Chauncey and wife, Albert Shepard, Uri Osgood, James Stout, Thomas, Edward and Bennett Allen, Dr. R. E. W. Adams and family, Mr. De Berard and family, John Currey and family, J. J. Garland and wife, Dr. Comstock and family, Otis Hardy and family, Edmund Wilcox, Thomas R. Hunter, W. J. Heath, David Richards and family, Hugh Henderson, Capt. Amos Fellows, J. C. NcAvkirk, Hervey Lowe, Richard Doolittle, Wm. Blair, Rufus Oolton, EInathan Bassett, Wm. S. Burgess, Thomas G. Burgess, S. S. Davis, Wm. A. Boardman, Stephen Hubbard, Giles Jackson (late of Ottawa, deceased), Dr. Scholfield, Wra. G. Hubbard, Dr. Wallace A. Little, Henry Fish, M. Worth- ingham, Thomas Culbertson, John Green, Lewis Reed and sons, David L. Roberts and family, Isaac H. Palmer, E. E. Bush and family. Dr. Simon Z. Havens, Henry G. Brown, David Richards, Theor Woodruff and George Woodruff, and our first installment from Germany, George Erhard, John Beltz and Mr. Gritzner. TWO SIDES TO JULIET. Of course, from the Spring of 1835, building progressed rapidly on both sides of the river. A brisk rivalry, which sometimes got to be right sharp, sprang up between East and West Juliet ; for rivers, like "mountains interpos'd Make enemies of nations, who lia• "W "V "V ^'1 XJ- r /tV'^^ CHICAGO rOKMEPLf or HOMBR TP. ^ V jfdLfET (deceased) JOLIET HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 313 ery, (N. B. — The brewery wns not built then, and therefore had no influence in tlie selection.) Here the office was opened and kept until a better one was built. Jenks, who had been appointed County Clerk, also made that his office until the Commissioners rented the upper story of the Wilson store. The first Circuit Court was held in this room (the Wilson store) in October, 183G, by Hon. Thomas Ford, afterward Governor. The entrance to the second story was by a staircase on the south side. The door has been since walled up. The Court was constituted by appointing Levi Jenks, Clerk, and Uri Osgood, State's Attorney. Fenner Aldrich had just been elected Sheriff, having hero- ically stepped forward to fill the gap caused by Bob Stevens' refusal, and he rang out the " 0-yez, o-yez, the honorable Circuit Court of Will County is now in session," for the first time in our history, and with a rhythm and a roar which I do not believe have been surpassed during the succeeding ages. Impressed with a sense of the importance and gravity of the occasion, his voice trembled a little and his chin quivered. But this only made the scene more im- pressive. But this was not all the Court. A grand jury had been summoned and were now called. The following was the original panel : Armstead Runyon, Thomas Reed, Edwai'd Poor, Thomas H. Rickey, Ralph Smith, Reason Zarley, Isaiah Treat, Joseph Cox, Peter McCarty, Wm. Sheriff, Justin Taylor, Charles Goodwin, John I. Davidson, Harry Boardman, Ezra Goodhue, Richard L. Wilson, Samuel Holcomb, George Beckwith, Joseph Shoemaker, Elias Brown, Aaron Moore. Five of these did not put in their appearance, and the Sheriff, as is usual now, we believe, was ordered to fill up the vacancies from the loafers hanginor around. George H. Woodruff, William Gougar, Richard Hobbs, Jonathan Barnett and E. S. Sill were scooped up. Reason Zarley was chosen Foreman. We offer this (as finally constituted) as a sample grand jury. They indicted one man for keeping a gaming-house, two others for selling an estray, and three for a riot. As to the petit jury, that being, as the name implies, a com- paratively small affair, we shall not record their names, although our present worthy citizens, Rodney House and H. N. Marsh, formed a part. J. C. New- kirk, Esq., now one of the most prominent and substantial citizens of Hudson, N. Y., and a Judge, defended the rioters and got them acquitted. C. C. Van Home and Abram Van Home and another were the rioters. It was a claim dispute and no riot. Among the early and valuable acquisitions to the West Side, in 1835-36, were John M. Wilson and Allen Pratt. Thev came together and were both from Massachusetts. They had some money and they invested in West Juliet. Both Avere long and well known here. Pratt built many buildings. He died in 1856. Wilson has become known as Judge Wilson, long a practicing lawyer here, and later a Chicago Judge. Wilson and Charles Clement initiated the grain trade of Joliet. Their warehouse was an old barn which stood where the brick block on Bluff street now stands. We have not the figures of the number 31-4 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. of bushels they handled, but the profits of one year's operations, when the firm dissolved, were $9. Probably the number of bushels was something less than are now handled by Carpenter & Marsh, who in one day this season shipped 100 cars of "-rain. 0. W. Stillman was, we believe, the first Justice of the Peace on the East Side, and we need not say he was a good one, although the boys used to say that he had no Bible, and was in the habit of swearing the witnesses on a copy of " Volney's Ruins." The Universalist Church is largely indebted to his efforts for the fine church edifice they have. He is now a granger on Maple street. William Blair was our first tinsmith and stove and hardware dealer. He ultimately moved to Chicago, where he has long been known as an extensive wholesale dealer, and one of the wealthiest and most honorable of her citizens. Deacon Rodney House, of the East Side, opened the first wagon-shop, and Deacon Beaumont soon followed on the West Side with another. Deacon Beaumont built the house now occupied by Edward Aiken, since re-habilitated (we mean the house), and in this the good, old Deacon lived, using the front room for a shop during the week, and, every Saturday night, cleaning it up and holding meet- ings there on the Sabbath, in which he was joined by the good Deacon on the East Side. We remember to have heard one of the Beechers (Edward) preach there. The old Deacon had his peculiarities — some of them perhaps were faults, as who has not — but there never lived a kinder neighbor, and Joliet has not had many more earnest and sincere Christians. He always showed his colors, and was always on the side of justice and temperance and revivals. He could have no better epitaph than what was said of him by a simple child, who, when she Avanted to designate him and did not know or had forgotten his name, described him as "the man Avho lived in the church." She had never been to church or prayer meeting or Sabbath school, that she had not found the Deacon there before her, and she supposed that he literally "dwelt there in the house of the Lord all the days of his life." Our readers will all remember how suddenly he went home in June, 1876, at the age of 73 years and 9 months. George Woodruft', we need not say, is our present well-known banker, one of the men who have stuck to Joliet through thick and thin — and we have had some pretty thin times — and now enjoys the competence he has acquired. Our names still get mixed occasionally as they used to do in early days. The most ludicrous mistake is when parties go to George H. to borrow money. Only strangers do this. The first public building of the county, which was a Jail and Court House combined, was built in 1837. Blackburn and Wilson were the contractors at the price of ^2,000. This stood a little north of the present Jail, and was used not only for holding courts but for other public purposes. The first Baptist Church held their meetings there under the pastorate of Elder Solomon Knapp and others. A very powerful revival was enjoyed by this Church during Elder Knapp's pastorate, in which he was assisted by Elder Powell, an evangelist of much ability. This revival was the year subsequent to the one spoken of in "Forty HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 315 Years Ago," under the labors of the Footes. This church was organised by Elder Ashley, of Plainfield, who preached to it every alternate Sabbath until the coming of Elder Knapp. It consisted of seven original members as follows: Elijah Johnson, Deacon Green and wife, Mrs. Higginbotham, Mrs. Chauncey, Mrs, Cagwin, and Elder R. B. Ashley. The first baptized convert was the Hon. Henry Snapp. The place used for baptisms was the deep hole below the island. It is hardly necessary to say that this was before the river had been converted into a sewer, while it still bore some little resemblance to the Jordan. How many and how varied the scenes which transpired within those old Court House walls — County and Circuit Courts, temperance and political meetings, the pleadings both of lawyers and preachers, thrilling trials and solemn charges of Judges, the weeping of the condemned and the rejoicings of the acquitted, the groans of sinners and the shouts of the redeemed, all have been heard there — but all are silent noAv. The voices of Newkirk and Wilson, of Henderson and Boariman, of Fellows, of Osgood and Little are heard there no more. Save the first two, all are silent in death. The building has been razed to its founda- " We build with what we deem eternal rock, A distant age asks where the fabric stood, And in the dust sifted and searched in vain, The undiscoverable secret sleeps."' Perhaps the reader thinks that a pretty large quotation for so small a build- ing as the old Court House of forty years ago. We think so, too, but it came handy, and we wanted something that sounded well in this history. The present Court House was commenced in 1847, and strange as it may seem, this is what the Signal said of it in 1848 : " The new Court House makes a magnifi- cent appearance and when completed will be an honor to the county." The True Democrat (from which the Mepublican developed) took down its vignette of the American bird and substituted a cut of the Court House as an ornament. It must be remembered that there were then none of the present surroundings, the Centennial Block and the Aiken Block, with its classic statuary. JOLIET INCORPORATED. In 1837, we had reached such magnificent proportions that it became necessary to obtain an act of incorporation. We could get along pretty well in every other respect but the matter of taxes. These continued to be ridiculously insignificant, and it was felt by those who had the prosperity of the place most at heart, that a just self-respect demanded that we should have more taxes. Accordingly, a public meeting was called in March, at "Uncle Fenncr's," at which it was decided by a unanimous vote that we would incorporate. And so we did, by calling an election under the provisions of the general law, for the election of five Trustees, two of whom were to be on each side (or in each Ward.) And now came the opportunity for one of the fiercest contests between the two sides. To gain the odd Trustee was an object of transcendent importance. The act 316 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. required that all voters should own real estate within the corporate limits. This simplified and narrowed the field. The town was thoroughly canvassed, and it was ascertained that the West Side had the most property-owners. We think that from the first and all through our earlier history, the West Side had the most money, but the East Side had the most shrewdness and diplomacy. So it was on this occasion. An expedient was found by which the West Side majority was overcome. Even in those early days that great moral institution known as the circus, made us an occasional visit. One happened to be here at that time. The men were invited to become real estate owners and voters. Impressed with a sense of the high honor, they accepted, and thirty-six voters were added to the East Side, by the gift of a lot from Charley Sayer. It was a piece of strategy which has not been surpassed even in modern times. The West Side had no lots to throw away, and no circus handy, and was defeated. The first Board were J. A. Matteson, J. J. Garland, Daniel Reed, Fenner Aldrich and R. C. Duncan ; Dr. William Scholfield, Clerk. But the next year we laid out the East Side, and without a circus, too. It was generally supposed that Dick W^ilsons was the fertile brain where this scheme was devised. Dick Wilson ! What old settler does not remember him. " Alas, poor Yorick ! where be your gibes now ? your gambols, your songs ? your flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table in a roar ? " This Board of Trustees built bridges, which with the act of incorporation made us one town. The bridges went ofi" the next spring, and the " fiat " money with which they were built underwent a slight change — the "i" was lengthened into an "1," that was all. If we were not fully determined not to admit any politics into this history, we should here drop a suggestion that such might be the change that would come over all "fiat money." After playing city two or three years longer, the people concluded that taxes were no great luxury after all ; at least, we ceased to hanker after them. The corporation was dissolved by act of Legislature. The era of hard times had come on, and we were willing to dispense with luxuries. The city was organized under the present charter, in June, 1852, with C. C. Van Home, Mayor. Aldermen — First Ward — N. H. Cutter, D. Cassidy; Second Ward— Joel George, Michael Shields; Third Ward— E. Wilcox, T. J. Kinney; Fourth Ward— F. L. Cagwin, S. W. Bowen; Fifth Ward— P. O'Con- nor, Uri Osgood. But this is modern history and we go back to older times. FORGOTTEN RIVALRIES. We have spoken, a little back and elsewhere, of the rivalry between the sides of the river. This was especially conspicuous when the Canal was being surveyed and located. The great question of the day was, would it go down the river through town, or Avould it go around through the slough ? Slough stock and river stock rose and fell alternately from day to day until the matter was finally decided in a way which made the west siders happy. Demmond used to tell how Abel Gilbert took the level of the slough with a tin dipper and HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 317 a shingle, in order to convince the verdant inquirer after lots, that the Canal was bound to take that route. But we had a common enemy — Lockport — and, like the Jews during the siege of Jerusalem, we used, temporarily, to forget our domestic quarrels, and combine to fight the common foe. The Su/nal and the True Democrat let each other alone occasionally, and both pitched into the Lockport Telegraph. The Canal authorities seemed, at least to our jaundiced eyes, to throw all their influence to favor and build up a rival city. We used to dilate largely against the Archer road and the Canal basin and the Canal office, etc., etc. One thing which specially galled us was a map, which was reported to be drawn and exhib- ited to speculators and persons seeking a location, displaying the Canal route from Chicago to Ottawa, on which all the villages were noted, with one excep- tion. There were Romeo and Athens, Kepotaw and Scotchtown, Lockport and Channahon, etc., etc.; but the only thing to indicate the whereabouts of Juliet was a spot marked McKee's Dam. That was a good joke ; and if we did not meet it with something equally foolish, it was not for want of disposition. We were also foolish enough at one time to be jealous of Chicago, especially when she tried to defeat our cut-off. But we have got so big now that we do not cherish any vindictive feelings, even against her ; and, indeed, all these old rivalries and jealousies, whether political or personal or between sides of the river or rival towns, we have long since outgrown, and they only call up a smile when remembered. For men are like apples. While some are crabs, and no culture can ever make them anything else, and while, when green, all are more or less acrid, yet the really good fruit grows mellow with age, the sour juices of the Spring time are converted into sugar in the heats of Summer and Autumn, and the fruit becomes pleasant to the eye and grateful to the taste. So it is with men — those who are men. They, too, mellow as they ripen and lose a large share of their acidity as they pass through the discipline of life and ripen for the husbandman's use. Do you question this ? Just watch when you see some of these old fellows that were at loggerheads forty years ago over town-lots or schemes of specula- tion or politics ; watch, when you see them meet, and see how they grip each others' hands and laugh over the rivalries and contests and jealousies that once made them mad, as the best of jokes. matteson's factory, et al. There are some other buildings in Joliet beside those noticed in the preced- ing pages that have become historic, and may, without impropriety, come into our general history. One of these is the old factory which stands just below the lower bridge, and which is now occupied as a foundry and machine-shop by Mr. Sandiford. This building was erected by Joel A. Matteson, in 1845, and in 1849 manufactured 2,000 yards of cloth per week. It was for several years a most prosperous enterprise, furnishing a market for the wool raised by our 318 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. farmers, and employment for many persons. The business was, part of the time, carried on under the firm of Matteson & Bradner, and the old Wilson store, of which we have spoken, was the depot for buying wool and sale of cloths. This factory was seriously attacked by fire in 1849 (the same Summer in which the old steam mill was burned). This fire occurred when we had no fire depart- ment, and for some time its destruction seemed inevitable. Great crowds col- lected on the bridge and elsewhere to see it burn. It had taken fire in the roof, and was making a fine bonfire. There was plenty of water close by, and the idea seems to have struck the minds of 0. W. Stillman and some others that it would be a good idea to put it out, although it seemed a pity to spoil the fun of the spectators who, at such great inconvenience, had left their beds and gathered there to see it. Stillman, Avith some assistance, succeeded in getting men enough of his own way of thinking to organize a line for passing pails back and forth ; and, after a hard fight to keep the men in the ranks, and with the devouring element, the building was saved, except the roof and attic. Like many other seeming calamities, this soon had its compensation, as it led, first, to organizing a fire company, and, secondly, to its being rebuilt with an additional story, and cupola as well ; and, under the vigorous exertions of Matteson, it was soon in full blast, with greatly enlarged capacity. But, in time, a change came over the old factory. Matteson was made Governor in 1852, and our city lost his enterprise, and the old factory, after a few more years, ceased to manufacture cloth, etc. While, however, the factory was still in successful operation, Matteson built the brick store opposite, and occupied it for the sale of goods, cloths, etc., and in the second story opened the first bank in Joliet — the old Merchants' and Drovers', William Smith, President, and R. E. Goodell, Cashier, and that is how Ave got Goodell, who married the Governor's eldest daughter. *= J. A. MATTESON. We have probably never had a citizen in Will County to whom we have been more indebted for his energy and enterprise, than to Joel A. Matteson. He was born in 1808, in Jefferson Co., N. Y., received the common school education of the times, and, after a varied experience as teacher, farmer, mer- chant and contractor in various places, came to Illinois, in 1833, with a wife and one child. He first settled on the Au Sable, in the present Kendall County, when there were but two neighbors within ten miles. He made a claim and opened a farm, but when the speculative mania of 1836 struck the country, he sold out and came to Joliet. From that time to his removal to Springfield, on his election as Governor, he was the most energetic and enterprising of our citizens. The monuments of his enterprise still stand in our midst. Among these are the old factory and the brick store near the Jefferson Street Bridge, of which we have spoken. He also built what was then the finest residence in the city, on the corner of Jefferson and Chicago streets, Avhich were surrounded with beautiful grounds, extending over the lots now covered by the Monroe, HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 319 Simonds and Werner Hall Blocks ; and for a long time the light of a liappy and hospitable home shone out from its windows. It was some years since removed further north, and now another kind of light shines forth there — they call it the Sun. Mr. Matteson was soon called into public service, first as Justice of the Peace, then as State Senator for four years. His well-known executive and financial ability secured his nomination and election to the office of Governor. His nomination was received with great satisfaction in his own county and elsewhere, by men of the opposite political party. A great jubilee was held at Joliet — speeches and firing of cannon showed the satisfac- tion of our citizens. One of our present police force will always carry a sou- venir of that demonstration — an empty sleeve. Mr. Matteson's administration as Governor was eminently successful. His messages were characterized by large views and enlightened liberality and foresight. During the four years of his administration, the State made great advances in wealth and general pros- perity. The debt of the State was reduced $7,000,000, and at the same time time the taxes were reduced. The 400 miles of constructed railroad were in- creased to 3,000 miles. Gov. Matteson retired from office with a reputation and with prospects that seemed enviable, and a fortune that made him a million- aire, and the owner of a house at Springfield that was palatial. How all this was reversed is a matter of so recent a date as to render its recital unnecessary, even if it came within the scope of our history. Gov. Matteson died in the Winter of 1872-73, at Chicago, and his remains sleep in the family ground at Oak wood. GOLD FEVER. In 1849, 1850 and 1851, chiefly in 1850, occurred a great hegira from Will County. The discovery of a little gold by Capt. Sutter in 1848, changed the des- tiny of the whole Pacific Slope, and of thousands upon thousands of men and fam- ilies all over the States as Avell. Those who are old enough will recall the wonder- ful excitement which took place all over the land, pre-eminently throughout the West. Gold, gold, gold, was the word upon every lip, the theme of every news- paper, and of everybody's waking or sleeping dreams. The county papers were filled with advice showing the folly of leaving a comfortable home and an honest livelihood for the uncertain venture. The Lockport Telegraph thus humorously speaks of the matter in 1849 : " The world-wide malady has at last extended to our midst ; symptoms about the same as elsewhere — violent itching of palms, a sensation of nausea at the mere thought of common business, a great relaxation and debility of the mechanical muscles, frequent giddiness of the head, optical illusions in Avhich everything is seen in a yellow light, raging appetite for maps, reports, dispatches, yarns, etc., terminating in a frantic effort to sell out and settle up, at which stage the disease is considered incurable." The editor then falls into a more serious strain, and advises the people to be content with Will County and steady gains. Our other papers spoke in a sim- ilar strain. But advice had but little effect. Quite a number from our county 320 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. went in the Spring of 1849. Some of these came back the next Winter and Spring, having been successful. Carlos Haven came back with $5,000, which he had dug with his own hands in seven weeks. J. A. Gooding and Calvin Rowley also returned successful. This added fury to the flames, and in 1850 and 1851, the number which went from our county was large. We have tried to form an estimate of the amount, but have no reliable data. The True Dem- ocrat, in 1850, gives a list of nearly four hundred that had left that Spring from Will County. The list embraces many of our best and well-known citi- zens (then and since). The greatest emigration was in 1850, although it was kept up in 1851. Most went the overland route. The business of the county was, of course, greatly affected. Merchants made a point to furnish those articles needed for an outfit. The papers of the day were filled with advertise- ments of parties who wanted to sell out, and of emigrant supplies, and with letters from those who were on the way or had reached the Eldorado. Prom- inent among the correspondents of the True Democrat, was our friend Alex- ander Mcintosh, now of the Phoenix. We need not say that his letters are interesting reading now. It was an interesting sight for those who remained to watch the teams as they passed through, and note their diflferent rigs and general appearance. From ten to twenty teams a day passed along Jefferson street during the Spring. There were some curious outfits. We recall an instance in which two men had an old crow-bait of a horse between them which carried their slender supplies, and on which they sometimes rode by turns. Another man was on foot, having a knapsack and rifle, intending when he got to the frontier to buy a cow to carry his supplies and furnish him with milk, with which, and his rifle, he expected to subsist. But most went with good outfits — some with cattle and some with horses. Of those who went from our county, some few became permanent settlers there. The large majority, however, returned in a year or two, some with pockets full, and some glad to get back with empty pockets. Our county, no doubt, received back much more than she invested. We remember one who died en route — Benard Ingoldsby — who was out of health when he left. One company lost their way and wandered off, and lost all they had, and lived upon their teams ; were six days without water, and four of the company died. Others had a pretty hard time, and were often hungry and sick. Many now among us could many a tale unfold, some harrowing and some ludicrous. Two of our boys, one a son of Deacon Brandon, and the other named Middleinass, met with a frightful accident, the result of their own carelessness. They came across a keg of powder which had been thrown over- board by some previous voyager, probably to lighten his ship, and they thought they would enliven the solitude with an explosion. They adjusted a slow match and retired to a safe distance. With eager expectation they waited the result. After waiting what seemed to them a long time, twice as long as neces- sary, they concluded that the match had gone out. We have always noticed that persons on such occasions make great mistakes in their estimate of time. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. . 321 They both approached the keg to lay another train. Just as they got to it, it had got ready to explode, and did, tearing and burning the poor boys fright- fully, and almost beyond recognition. Persons who saw them say it was the worst sight they ever saw. None of those who saw them expected they could recover, but cared for them as well as they could. But they ultimately did recover. SOME ANCIENT DOCTORS AND DRUGGISTS. We have spoken of Dr. Bowen and Dr. Comstock, but those were by no means the only doctors in the early days. Dr. R. E, W. Adams came to Joliet in 1836, and was for many years one of our leading physicians. He was an active member and one of the organizers of the old Union Church, and was zealous in all moral reforms. He was soon followed by his brother, M. L. Adams, the builder of the first foundry, who still resides here, and by William Adams, so long known as mine host of the National, now a resident of Chicago, and also Peter Adams, now of Galesburg. Dr. Adams removed to Springfield some years ago, and has since deceased. We once rode to Chicago with the Doctor at an early day, before the canal was opened, when we went by private conveyance. In those days we used to stop at Flag Creek for dinner. The Doctor was a zealous temperance man. The place where we stopped for dinner was kept by a temperance man, too ; but the story had got about that he kept a little of the "'critter" on the slv, for the accommodation of such of his guests as could not get along without it. While the landlord was out taking care of our horse, the Doctor mentioned the rumor and suggested the propriety of making a search to see if any evidence could be found of its truth. In one corner of the room was a little closet which was locked, but the Doctor had a key which turned the bolt, and on opening the door, behold there was a decan- ter well filled with a liquid, the smell of which left no doubt on the mind that it was whisky. The Doctor took his medicine case from his pocket and took therefrom a little vial marked "antim. et pot. tart.," and empted its contents into the decanter, shook it thoroughly and replaced it, locking the door again, and sat down to dinner as coolly as if he had done a good thing. It relieves our conscience a little to remember that though accessory after the fact, we uttered a mild protest at the time. Now the subsequent history of that decan- ter we are unable to give, and must leave it to the reader's imagination ; it was no doubt interesting, and, perhaps, cured several persons of a love for whisky, and thus, on the principle that the end justifies the means, vindicated the act of the Doctor. While the Doctor was in practice here, he started the first drug store, in the old wooden store of Demmond's on the corner of the lot now owned by Mrs. Curry. He afterward moved up into the old wooden block which stood opposite the old stone block (now burned down), and there he took into partnership, both in practice and selling drugs, a young doctor of the name, of J. S. Glover, who resided here until his death some years after. Drs. Adams and Glover were both lame in the same manner and from similar causes 322 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. an affection of the hip joint, and being of the same size were often mistaken the one for the other. The writer bought out the drug store of Adams & Glover in 1842, they having before bought out another establishment in the upper end of the stone block (Haven & Rood), and there, where Page bottles pop, and some other things, we commenced the brilliant career of an apothecary. Dr. M. K. Brownson was another of our early physicians, who settled on the ChicacTo road in 1835, and came to Joliet in 1836 or 1837. Dr. Brownson was our Postmaster under Fillmore, and also held the office of Public Adminis- trator. The Doctor now lives in California. Another early physician was Dr. Scliolfield, who was also City Clerk under the first organization. He left for the West soon after the city scrip which he executed, went the way of all " fiat " money, and has been some years dead. Still another of our early physicians, was Dr. Wallace A. Little,^who also left many years ago, and went to Jo Daviess County, which he has represented in the Legislature, and it is also said that he has got rich in mining operations. Schofield & Little were in partnership, both in the practice of medicine and also in running a small drug store for a while. Another of these benevolent institutions was started in 1846 by Mr. Brown, the father of our present druggists of that name. This was started on Chicago street, opposite the old wooden block. Having spoken of the doctors and druggists of the ancient times, it is proper that something should be said of the HEALTH OF THE COUNTY. In the early settlement of the county, it, in common with the West gener- ally, suffered more or less from malarial diseases, and it acquired the reputation of being unhealthy. During the digging of the canal, too, there were two or three seasons in which there was an unusual amount of sickness, and many died, especially among the laborers — a good many of them, no doubt, as much from the treatment they redfeived as from the disease. But since the county has been generally settled and cultivated, and the people and the physicians have learned better how to treat these diseases, they have ceased to be formidable. In common with most parts of the country, this county was visited with epi- demic cholera in the years 1848 to 1854, and we lost many valuable citizens, among others C. C. Van Home, 0. H. Haven, M. H. Demmond, Dr. Comstock and others ; but since the last-named year there has been no recurrence of the epidemic. In the census of the county taken in 1850 by Mr. Marsh, the pop- ulation of the county is given at 16,709, and the number of deaths for the year previous at 232, being 1,38 per cent. This was a cholera year, and no doubt a large portion of the deaths were due to cholera, although the exact number cannot be ascertained. Our papers of the time told very definitely how many died of cholera elsewhere, but were sadly ignorant of its devastations at home " — not an unusual thing, we believe. We confidently assert that at present no part of the Union is more uniformly healthy than Will County. We used to HISTORY OF WILL COUIITY. 323 boast at an early Jay, when the question as to the health of the West came up, and we were cliarged with being sickly, that there was one disease of which people never died at the West, to wit, old age. But we cannot make this boast any longer. A large number of the oldest settlers have recently deceased at an advanced age, while others still linger, who must ere long swell the list. Quite a number of persons have deceased within a few years at Joliet, who have crowded hard upon a hundred years, and we have heard of others who exceeded that age. We have many now who, by reason of strength, exceed the allotted limit of fourscore. But inasmuch as Ponce de Leon did not, in 1512, find in Florida the fountain which would restore to old age the vigor of youth, and as no subsequent explorer has found it there, or elsewhere, not even in Min- nesota, and as it is " appointed unto all men once to die " — here, as everywhere, " Pale death, with equal step, knocks at the cottage sf the poor And the palace of the king." We have spoken of the diseases of the county at the early day. The most common of these, although not the most formidable, was the one known in com- mon parlance as the '' ague," or the "fever and ague." This has become al- most obsolete (at least in the original form), but it used to be a common expe- rience. True, we never could boast of such a prevalence of it as they could in Michigan, where, it was said, the church bells used to be rung in order that the people might know when to take their quinine. But it used to be considered one of the things that was necessary to constitute a man a settler, the other being the prairie itch. The writer well remembers his first hug at the ague. He had been in the country some three or four years, and had often laughed at the exhibition which others made while undergoing " the shakes," and felt him- self proof against it. He had gone through various other stages of Western experience ; he had had the prairie itch : had come to the age of citizenship, if not of discretion ; had bought a city lot and paid taxes ; had run for oflBce, and got elected ; had gone back East and got a wife ; and yet had never had the " ager !" One beautiful September morning, in the year 1838, he thought he would show the little woman he had persuaded to come back with him, some of the beauties of the country. This could be done in no better way than by a ride to Channahon, or the "mouth of the Du Page," as we then called that locality. Accordingly, in the early morning, with a horse and buggy, we set out. We could say we now with propriety, and we were not a little proud of it, and that \Tas one reason why we were going, to show our cousin Minerva — Mrs. Risley — who we were. The morning was fine and bracing. We anticipated much pleasure. For what is more delightful than a drive into the country when the roads are good, the horse fast and sure, the air balmy and cool, and the dearest little woman in all the world by your side ! We have said that the morning was cool and bracing. It soon began to feel quite cool, and so the writer re- marked to his wife. She said she was warm enough. We rode a little farther? 324 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. and, though the sun got higher, it seemed to grow increasingly cold. In short, it grew colder and colder, as the sun got higher and higher, a phenomenon that seemed inexplicable. Presently, he felt an irresistible desire to yawn and stretch both his upper and lower extremities. There was hardly room to do this; out went his legs over the dashboard, while his arms went over the seat and around his wife, and pushed out right and left, promiscously. And still it cold and colder grew. He put on the heavy blanket coat, which, fortunately, he had brought along, and his wife's shawl, which she said she did not really need. But it all did no good ; the stretching and gaping continued, and even his teeth began to chatter, and to crown all, he shook — yes, shook ; oh, how he did shake ! and, incredible as it may seem, he shook all over and to the re- motest extremities, and, like great Caesar's, "his coward lips did from their color fly." And all the while, the little wife said she was warm enough. If she had not been the dearest little woman in all the world, he would have been provoked to see her sit there as warm and comfortable as in July, while he was experiencing January and February condensed. But by this time she began to wear a look of anxiety at the strange contortions of her husband. One more resource remained. Giving the reins to his wife, he got out to try what exer- cise would do, and told her to whip up, Avhile he traveled on behind, with his hands hold of the end of the buggy. He followed this up until too leg-weary to continue it, and it seemed to do little good. He could not get warm, and still he gaped and stretched, and chattered and shook, and all the time he had not the least suspicion what the matter was. After riding on a while longer, his sensations gradually underwent a change. Hot streaks seemed to alternate with the cold ones. The gaping and stretch- ing seemed to moderate, and other sensations took their place. A slight head- ache came on, and he felt a suspicion of nausea. The pallid and puckered ap- pearance of the countenance gave place to flushes. The weather seemed to undergo a change. It grew suddenly warm. Ofi" goes the shawl and blanket overcoat. He asked his wife, presently, if it was not getting hot, and was almost provoked at her cool reply that she did not see much change. But it certairdy was getting hot, he knew it was, and off" goes his undercoat. He became thirsty, and longed, oh, how he longed, for water. Strange ideas and fancies were passing through his mind, and he began to talk strangely and lo- quaciously, almost incoherently. The little wife looked more troubled and anxious than ever, and wondered what had come over her sedate and usually silent husband. Presently he began to feel strangely tired, listless and uneasy, and to long for a good bed and rest and sleep. And now, fortunately, the com- fortable log house of Risley appears in sight. Oh, how welcome ! With no little exertion he gets out, leaves his wife to look after the horse, and soon occu- pied the whole of Mrs. Risley 's lounge, and one or two chairs besides. When he and his wife between them had given an intelligent account of what had been happening on the way, Mrs. Risley says, " Why Hen ! you have got the HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 325 ague I " Great guns ! here was a revelation indeed. After all his boasted im- munity from the ague, his defiance of it, the enemy had stolen the march upon him, and here he was, lying prostrate and humbled before it. And even yet he was not done with it ; .another stage of the disease comes on, the nastiest of the three. The half-delirious fever passes off, and he begins to perspire. Per- spire ! that is no name for it ; let us use the more homely but expressive word — he begins to sweat. Ah, how he sweats ! It seemed as if all the water in his body — and physiologists say every man has two or three buckets in him, (although we have seen some men we don't believe have a gill of water in them) — it seemed, we say, as if all the water in his body was coming to the surface, and not much sweeter than the Chicago River. And so he continued to sweat, sweat, sweat, for a good hour, saturating towel after towel, until ex- haustion closed the scene and he slept. When the afternoon was well-nigh spent, he awoke, refreshed, and was able to do some little justice to Mrs. Ris- ley's fricasseed chickens and doughnuts, and to start home, an humbler if not a wiser man ; subdued in tone and spirit, a little the worse for the encounter, and with the cheering prospect of a recurrence of the experience in one, or at most, two days. But he invested $1.50 in a box of Sappington's Pills, and thus headed off the fever. This is not an advertisement. A MURDER STORY. We are sensible that our history is getting dull, and it is high time that we should enliven it with a murder story. The readers of " Forty Years Ago " will remember that we recorded one there. We were afraid that we could not find one for this history, but, by the aid of the Signal, we are able to record one for the present occasion equally as tragic as that one. On Thursday, April 30, of the year 1858, some boys, ranging about Hickory Creek near where it enters the Des Planes, came upon the body of a female, partly covered with dirt and stones, lying in a gully about one mile south of the city. It was so much decayed that the features were unrecogniza- ble. The boys gave the authorities notice of what they had found, and the proper oflScers and many citizens went to the spot. The unanimous conclusion of all who saw the body was that she had been murdered. There was a deep wound in the temple and another in the breast. The hands and feet had been cut entirely off, and were found near the body. An inquest was called, and a verdict was found, in which the public belief was expressed that a foul murder had been committed. Who could it be? and by whom had the deed been done? were the questions on everybody's lips. The public were not long held in suspense. On Saturday, a woman residing in the outskirts of the city, having heard of the discovery, came forward (after the inquest) and informed the Mar- shal, J. C. Van Auken, that her daughter — a girl of sixteen — had mysteriously disappeared some three weeks previous. The body was taken up again and another inquest was held, at which the woman testified positively that the body 326 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. was that of her daughter, Mary Cook. Other persons expressed the same belief. The mother also stated that, at the time of her daughter's disappearance, she was enceinte, having fallen a prey to the wiles of a man named David Rich- ardson. One of the physicians who examined the body gave a professional state- ment in respect to it which confirmed that of the mother. The mystery was npade plain. Our city had been made the theater of a most foul murder, perpetrated to conceal a crime hardly less diabolical. The public voice was unanimous that the foul perpetrator must be found and brought to justice. Richardson was found and arrested on Sunday morning. He had not been long a resident of the city, but, so far as any one here knew, he had borne a good character, and every one was surprised to find that he was guilty of so foul a crime. But that a crime had been committed, there was no room for doubt, and it seemed equally clear that he was the perpetrator. The Signal said, in its issue of the same week : " We will not prejudge the case ; but a young and unprotected girl has been seduced and ruined by a demon in human shape, and murdered to hide her betrayer's guilt. If there is any virtue in law, let it be applied now." The Signal spoke the voice of the public, which was almost ready to string Rich- ardson up to a lamp-post. Indeed, it seemed at one time as though our city would be disgraced by an application of lynch law. Two days were consumed by the examination of Richardson. The Court House was crowded. State's Attorney Bartleson, assisted by Streeter, con- ducted on the part of the people, with E. C. Fellows for the prisoner. The former testimony of Mrs. Cook and others was brought forward, and the same facts reproduced. The old woman swore positively as to the body being that of her daughter, and the doctor repeated his professional statement. Mean- while the sharp counsel of the prisoner had adopted a theory for the defense. The body had been again examined by four other physicians who came into court and swore positively that the body was that of a woman, and that it had been used to promote the purposes of science, and Avas partially dissected. They affirmed that the body was that of a much older and larger person than the missing Mary Cook. This testimony produced a ripple in the current of public opinion which had been flowing so strongly in one direction. Was this so, or was this a cunningly devised scheme of Fellows' to get the villain clear ? For a little the question hung in great doubt, each side having earnest advo- cates. When this suspense was at its height and had become truly painful, relief came. In walked Constable John Roberts with a veiled lady upon his arm. The whisper ran around the court-room, '' Another witness." She drew aside her veil, and it was indeed another witness, and no less a person than the murdered girl herself — the young and interesting Mary Cook, alive and well! It only remains to say that it was soon discovered that the body was that of a Mrs. Schemmcrhorn, a woman about twice the size of Mary Cook, Avho had died a few weeks before, and who was the wife of a man who tended the lower HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 327 lock. The body had been resurrected by some one for the purposes of dissec- tion, as had been alleged by some of the medical gentlemen at the examination ; some of whom well knew that they were speaking the truth. Old Mrs. Cook had trumped up her story to get black-mail out of Richardson. The affair furnished one more warning against hasty judgments founded on circumstances alone. The doctor who gave the professional opinion has never been called to fill the chair of anatomy in Rush Medical College. The parties connected with the case have generally gone elsewhere, although one lingers about here still who is supposed to have hud a hand in it. If any of our readers hanker after a real murder case, we might relate that of Benjamin Pickle, the old blacksmith, who was shot through his shop window on the night of December 6, 1861. Circumstantial evidence fixed the crime upon his brother-in-law, William Zeph. The paper wad found in the ear of Pickle's body was a piece of a German newspaper, the rest of which was found in Zeph's house ; the parts exactly fitted each other. He had a trial, was con- victed ; his lawyers got him two new trials, and he was convicted the third time ; then they got a supersedeas, and while the matter was still pending, he escaped jail and was never found. The first execution in our county was that of George Chase for the murder of Joseph Clark, Deputy Warden at the Penitentiary, in April, 1864. This occurred during the Sheriffalty of John Reid. OUR WAR RECORD. We have given some account of the figure our county made in the Black Hawk war, and, in " Forty Years Ago," we related what was done in the Canal- Irish war. As to what Will County did in the Mexican war, there is not much to be told. This is not on account of the politics of our citizens at the time, for the county then, by a considerable majority, sustained the Adminis- tration, and adopted the motto — " Our country, when she is right ; aye, and when she is wrong, too ! " As is well known, under the earlier calls for volun- teers, our State furnished five regiments. For one of these regiments, a com- pany was organized in Joliet, under the captaincy of Robert Stevens, which reported at Springfield just one day too late to get in, so quickly had the quota of the State been filled. What these men would have done to add luster to the already glorious military record of our county, must be left to conjecture. That their career would have been a brilliant one we may safely conclude, if the men were worthy of their Captain. We are able only to name one of them with certainty, as no muster-roll of the company has been preserved. This one now wears a star, not a general's but a policeman's, and is known as Frank Fellows. He was a mere boy at the time, and had to steal his chance to enlist, as the old Captain, his father, although himself a hero of the Irish war, as we have elsewhere related (see "Forty Years Ago"), was the very embodiment of 328 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Whifff^ery, and did not take much stock in the Mexican war. Many public meeting's were held, and considerable excitement existed from time to time dur- ing the progress of tlie war. Companies from other counties passed through Joliet, and the martial spirit was more or less waked up, and, it is believed that some joined these companies. One from Kane County is particularly remembered, which marched up and down Bluff street one Sunday, with fife and drum, not a little disturbing the worshipers in the old stone block. The ladies of Joliet presented this company with a handsome flag, and quite a time was had over it, eloquent speeches being made on both sides. This flag was returned in 1849, twenty months after presentation, by P. R. Norton, Captain of the company, who assured the ladies that it had waved in triumph over the battered walls of Puebla, Tampico Alta, Sierra Madre, Convent of St. Domingo and the Halls of the Montezumas. Uri Osgood received the flag in behalf of the ladies and made an eloquent reply. So we at least had some bunting in the war. Toward the end of the war, our State furnished another (the Sixth) regi- ment, and we find a statement in the history of the State that one company was from Will and Iroquois Counties. Whether the regiment reached the seat of war, and who of our citizens belonged to it, we have not been able to learn. If any one from Will County fought, bled or died, we should have been glad to record his name. In the late war of the rebellion, our county has a proud record. First and last, between three and four thousand of our citizens went to the war; and more than five hundred sacrified their lives to preserve the Government and the Union. Having already, as we think, pretty fully and faithfully told the story of what our county did in this war, we do not think it necessary even to give a summary here. If any of our readers have not a copy of "Fifteen Years Ago, or the Patriotism of Will County," he can easily obtain one either of the author or publisher, for the trifling sum of ^4. It ought to be in every man's library, and in every school district in the county. This is not an advertisement, but a piece of disinterested and sound advice — as disinterested as a patent medicine advertisement ! THE PRESS, ETC. We gave in "Forty Years Ago" some account of the first newspaper started in Joliet, in 1839. This was the premonitory symptom of the well- known Signal. We understand that the township historian, by whom we are to be followed, will "write up" the press, and therefore we shall have little to say on the subject. We wish, however to leave on record our impression of the immense value of the files of county papers as sources of history. If we were to have the privilege of living over the past, we would keep files of each county paper ; not by any means for the sake of reading over the old editorials, but because their pages would give a picture from week to week of both national ^rfi -■;< ■ A Z (deceased) JOLIET HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 331 and local events, which could be found nowhere else. Even the advertisements give much of history. There ought to be provision for keeping such files in our county and city offices ; for the files at the printing offices are liable to be destroyed by fire, as some have been in Joliet, and as all have been in Chicago. And we here record our thanks to the proprietors of our papers for the free access given us to such files as have been preserved. They liave affiarded us both amusement and instruction, as well as aided us in our efforts to recall per- sons and events. We have noticed that editors are not very reliable as prophets ; for previous to every election we have been told tliat the fate of the country hung upon the result, and that if the opposite party triumphed, the country would go to universal smash ; and yet the other party often did succeed, and the country went on all the same ! Another thing is very noticeable, and that is that it was always the other party that did all the mean and dishonest things ; and, also, that no sooner did a man who had all along been respectable and reliable, change his way of voting, than he became at once a vagabond and a scoundrel. Perhaps one of the punishments that will be awarded editors in the future world, will be to read ever their old editorials ! At any rate, that is the worst we would inflict upon them. We will give a resume of one number of the Signal of the year 1846, twelve years after our city was born, omitting the editorials. It gives a picture of the early times. In the way of news, we have Gen. Taylor's early dispatches from Mexico, when he was on the Rio Grande and skirmishing with Gen. Ampudia. We have also accounts of the negotiations with England, when we backed down from the " 54° 40' or fight " position, and took up a more tenable one on °49, and the Strait of San Juan de Fuca. As an interesting item of home news, we are informed that an opposition line of stages has just been put upon the route from Chicago via Joliet to Ottawa. By the way, we have in Joliet a souvenir of those old stage times, in the person of our friend Kipp, now a citizen of Joliet, who in those days held the ribbons for Frink & Walker with a skill and ability that was never surpassed. We have also, in the way of news, the proc- lamation of Gov. Ford against the Mormons, who were threatening to cut up at Nauvoo, and the announcement that a line of telegraph was soon to be opened from Buffalo to Detroit. The citizens of Joliet village were notified, also, to meet at the Court House and organize a wolf-hunt. If you want to know how this was done, read " Forty Years Ago." (We are referring to that great work pretty often, but we can't help it.) By way of advertisements, J. A. Matteson tells the public that he is ready to card the wool and weave the cloth of the people of Will and adjoining counties, and to buy their wool and sell them cloth and other goods. Major Safford announces that he has con- cluded to stop with Matteson another year, and Avill try to please evervbody, especially the ladies. Uncle Billy Hadsall advertises as the administrator of the estate of Philip Scott, deceased. (Uncle Billy's own estate will have to be administered on soon.) Francis J. Xicholson tells the public where he keeps 332 HISTORY OF WILL, COUNTY. the " Emporium of Fashion," and is ready to give the gents the latest styles just received from Paris, London and Philadelphia. (The fashions have changed with '"Nick" since that day, and will change still more ere many years.) Alex. Mcintosh advertises a select school, in which he proposes to teach on common sense principles — not to cram ; and " Cal." indorses him, and advises parents to send their children to him. (Mack's wife now beats him — we mean at keeping school.) Charles Clement says he has lots of goods that the people can have cheap by calling at his store, opposite Merchants' Row. J. H. Brown offers pure and reliable drugs and medicines, which can be found in the store opposite the old wooden block on Upper Chicago street ; and G. H. Woodruff offers pills and powders to the West Siders at his store, in the old National. Hervy Lowe says he has seventy-five packages of summer goods he wants to get rid of at a very small advance above cost, on the corner of Chicago and Cass streets. M. L. Adams offers to cast anything you want at his steam foundry, on North Bluff street. Norton & Blackstone, of Lockport, advertise large and splendid stocks of everything ; and Lane & Weeks, of Lockport, manufacture steel plows. A. W. Bowen, Postmaster, tells who has letters in Joliet Post Office, that have not been called for ; among others, Sam Ander- son and Col. Curry. (If they have not been called for before this time, they never will be.) H. N. Marsh says he is ready to sell or manufacture anything you want in the furniture line. (We have got one of his tables, and it's good and strong yet.) A good cook is wanted at the National Hotel. (That's what the boarders thought, too.) Dr. Brownson advertises Sappington pills. Daniel Curtis offers to deal out justice as wanted, and E. C. Fellows and Osgood & Little to superintend its administration. Demmond & Wood advertise dry goods and groceries cheap at the City Cash Store. (That piece of Wood is our old reliable insurance man, and we are glad to get him into this history, for he is a pretty well seasoned piece of timber, although he has lately got more young.) Richard Doolittle says he keeps an auction and commission store. (Dick does a little in the way of administering justice now.) P. Filer adver- tises Jew David's plaster, and tells the p<^ople that they can find it both at Brown's and at Woodruff's. (That's the plaster the people used to put on the barn-doors to draw the cows home at night, and it will do it yet.) Etc., etc., etc., etc. METEOROLOGICAL. Early settlers in the Northwest used to speak of a great fall of snow which occurred in the Winter of 1830-31, which must have been very remarkable. It is said to have killed off the native game animals to such an extent as to have made them very scarce for several years, and to have been a serious loss to the Indians. It is said to have been four feet deep on a level. We have met with some mention of this remarkable snow in the history of Livingston County. We remember to have heard Mr. Kerchival speak of it when we HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 338 first came. He warned us wlio had settled under the bluff on the West Side, that we would some day get snowed in, saying that he had seen the snow one gentle slope from the top of the bluff across the river, completely concealing the river. But we have never had any such visitation up to this day. There was a deep snow which blocked the railroads, as we shall relate further on, a few years ago. We have never been visited in this county by devastating cyclones, although we not unfrequently have had storms of wind and rain and hail, which have been somewhat destructive in limited sections. All our streams are subject to heavy floods, especially upon the breaking-up of Spring, when snow and ice are abundant, and much loss has been experienced at times in mills and bridges, etc. In January, 1849, there was a big flood, especially in the Kankakee. Many families in Wilmington were compelled to leave their houses, and the upper mill was partly carried away by ice, and also the woolen- factory and a saw-mill, and the bridge over Forked Ci-eek. The feeder was also damaged seriously. Another flood in 1867, carried off the railroad bridge landing it within a mile of Morris, and during the ice-gorge below, the water rose several feet in the main street of the city. The damage at this time was estimated as high as $100,000. Thunder and lightning are often very severe, especially along tlie rivers, and occasionally both animals and men have been killed. Such a thun- der-storm once struck the city of Wilmington, and produced effects which were startling in the extreme, and at the same time had a ludicrous side. It occurred during a political meeting held at the hall, in Avhich Judtre Parks was making a political speech, able, and of course on the ricrht side, for that is where the Judge always means to be, even if he has to take the back track or go across lots to get there. He had just reached one of his sublimest flights of fancy and patriotism, holding out the American eagle with outstretched wings over his attentive audience, who, spell-bound by his eloquence, had taken little note of the approaching storm, until a thunder- bolt struck the building and passing into the crowd, struck about twenty of them to the floor, killing one of the number, and knocking the Judge's spread- eagle into smithereens, closed his speech with a climax which astonished the speaker no less than the auditors. The Judge was accustomed to seeint^ his audiences electrified, but never before or since in so startling and literal a man- ner. He yielded the floor, and acknowledged himself vanquished with his own weapons. The most terrific storm of this kind occurred on Sunday, the 31st day of July, 1864. During the morning service at the German Catholic Church in the north part of the city (the small stone church which has since been replaced by the present large and fine one) the steeple was struck by a thunder-bolt, which startled the entire city. The fluid passed down to the gallery immediately under the steeple, where it separated and passed down to the earth in two cur- rents. For a moment the whole congregation was paralyzed. When conscious- 334 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. ness returned, the scene was beyond description, and without a parallel in "Will County. The smoke or vapor of some sort which followed the report, gave the impression that the church was on fire, and an insane rush was made for the doors and windoAvs, which were broken out and torn from their hinges, and but for the presence of mind of the Pastor, a still more frightful loss of life must have resulted. When the terror of the crowd had been calmed, and the fact ascertained that the church was not on fire, the killed and wounded were looked after. They were carried out into the open air, and those who were not fatally injured recovered consciousness in the falling rain. The following persons were found to be dead: Mrs. Hartman, a young mother, 85 years old, leaving three children, one a babe; Mrs. Ingles, age 56; Nicholas Young, a lad of 15; Matthias Engle of the age of 17, and Samuel Weyman of 18 years. About twenty more were seriously, but not dangerously injured. The entire congre- gation were more or less affected. The scene was heart-rending — the moans and cries of the injured and the frightened as well — and the lamentations over the dead, no one who witnessed it Avill ever forget. We have had many floods in Joliet, more or less damaging to property, especially to bridges, but the one which Avas the largest, and which will live longest in the memory of our citizens, occurred on Wednesday, the 9th of August, 1865. On that day, which was a rainy one, there occurred during the afternoon, and again in the evening, two showers, which all who wit- nessed them will say were the heaviest they ever knew. They seemed to be like the cloud-breaks we have read of as occurring in some of the canons of the mountains of the West. Every one, however, went to bed serene, not anticipating that there was to be anything serious, although conscious that it was a big shower and the river had commenced to rise considerably. About midnight, the city was alarmed by the ringing of the bells and the shouts and cries of the people, and a scene of terror was presented in the dim light of the stars, which baffles description. The moving about of people with lanterns and the reflection in the waters, gave a strange and weird .aspect to the city, as seen from the bluff. A river of no mean volume was pouring down the R. I. R. R. track from Spring Creek, which was now a mighty stream, covering all the bottom lands in its vicinity. The wall of the upper basin had given way and a Niagara was pouring out, carrying off" King's pian- ino-mill and other buildings, and greatly endangering Howk & Hyde's mill. All that part of town known anciently as "the slough," was a second Missis- sippi, the houses were surrounded by water from Scott street to the eastern bluff, and the people were being rescued by boats. Furniture and fences were afloat, and men and women imploring help from the windows of the upper stories of the beleaguered houses. The basements on the east side of Scott street were converted into cisterns, and the provisions and utensils necessary for the morning's breakfast were afloat. The old Des Planes which had often been on the rampage before, outdid all former exploits, and was full to the top of the HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 335 tow-path, and poured over the lock without any regard to canal regulations. It was easy to believe the theory that all this beautiful valley from bluff to bluff was oncb a mighty Mississippi. Great feats of energy and daring were per- formed in rescuinor the inmates from the houses in the slouchs and on the bottom below the 11. I. R. R. which was also all afloat. The scenes of that night, both harrowing and ludicrous, will not soon be forgotten by those who witnessed them. Man}' families had a tight race to get from the lower floors into the chambers, and some who had no chambers to flee to, found refuge on the roofs. The family of James Congden, on Cmss street, reached the second story barely in time, and in the morning, on taking a peep into the ])arlor which had been so neat and cheerful the night before, they found two pigs had floated in and quartered themselves on the piano, where they were waiting patiently for the waters to assuage. A hired man of M. 0. Cagwin's, on the same street, was not aroused until the waters came over his bed. Without taking very much time to make his toilet, he jumped for the door and on stepping out found the steps had gone, and when he planted his feet where they had been he went in all over. He swam for the barn, cut loose his team and saved them fiom drowning. The lumber-yards were all afloat and many thousand feet of lumber sought a Southern market without a shipping bill or clearance. Bluft" stock rose suddenly; many fled thither for refuge. W. S. Brooks said his beautiful place on Scott street was for sale, but he still stays there, and we presume does not lie awake nights for fear of a recurrence of the scene. Many felt for a time that they would like to go up higher; but as the floods subsided we suppose they concluded it was not much of a shower after all. The excitement and damage was by no means confined to Joliet. The railroads leading to the city were flooded and greatly damaged, bridges swept away, culverts destroyed,;tracks torn up and embankments torn away, and the bridges on all the county roads were in like condition, and a virtual blockade wass established for a few days. Farm- ers were also great sufferers, stacks of grain and hay were destroyed, and few escaped some damage. RAILROADS. The opening of the canal made a great change in our mode of travel to Chicago. We had been wont to go by stage, a long and tedious ride — hot and dusty in Summer, and cold and uncomfortable in Winter. Or, we could drive our own conveyance, occupying from three-fourths of a day to a day and a half, according to the weather. Sometimes it required a day to get across the nine miles lying between "Widow Berry's Point" and the Chicago River, a low, wet, prairie then, although much of it is now included in West Chicago. It consumed three days, generally, to go, do business and return. But now the canal being open, we could go aboard a packet at night and wake up (if we were lucky enough to sleep) in Bridgeport, transact our business and return at night, 336 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. thus losiniT only one day. This was a great improvement, and for a while we were happy and content. But after a few years, we began to sigh for some- thin COUIITV. 345 Broadway and another on Richard street. He served the city as School Di- rector, Alderman and Mayor, lie was a member and a liberal supporter of the Methodist Church, and aided liberally all other church and benevolent enter- prises. He was a man of few words, but he led an active, busy, useful life. Many will remember his mysterious death, and how startled the community was by the intelligence that his body had been found in the Chicago River. Various theories and conjectures have been entertained in respect to his untimely taking off; but the facts are still wrapt in mystery and will probably never be known until the great day when all things shall be revealed. His death oc- curred August 10, 18T2, at the age of 55. J. T. m'dougall was born in Schenectady, N. Y., came to Joliet in 1845, and was for a long time a prominent business man here. He received the appointment of Postmaster under Taylor, which he resigned in 1852, to take the position of Cashier in the Merchants' & Drovers' Bank, established by Matteson — the first bank of issue in Will County. While on the Tennessee River, in the Spring of 1862, upon matters of business connected with the array, he was taken sick and reached St. Louis only to die May 19, 1862. REV. EDWARD SAVAGE, for some time Pastor of the Baptist Church, bookseller, School Commissioner in 1859 and 1860 ; highly respected as a Christian and an able preacher; died of consumption April 27, 1863. He left one son, on whom his mantle has fallen. He "was 46 years of age. •^ ^ H. D. RISLEY, one of the early settlers of Channahon, afterward Sheriff of our county for four years — 1840-43, President of the Joliet & Oswego Plankroad, and long and well known in business circles here and at Wilmington, where he some time resided; was born in Oneida County, N. Y., and came west from Onondaga County in 1833. He died in December, 1862. JOHN MILLER, one of the earliest settlers of Du Page, and the first Supervisor of the town, and also our Representative to the State Legislature in 1846 and in 1848, was a fine specimen of a Will County yeoman, physically, intellectually and morally. He died, greatly regretted, in March, 1851. AGRICULTURE, AND AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION. There have been several county agricultural associations in our past history, and two places, besides the one now occupied, have been fitted up for their use. The first was located on the well-known Stevens Farm, in a beautiful grove hav- ing a beautiful and abundant spring, and buildings w^ere erected, and consider- able improvements made. When the war came on, it was changed into a mili- tary camp and barracks, and afterward reverted to Mr. Stevens. A place was 346 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. also fitted up on the hill above the Penitentiary, on the Lockport road, and considerable money expended. This was, however, more of a hippodrome, we believe, than an agricultural association. The present Agricultural and Me- chanical Association is now (Sept. 12) holding its ninth annual fair. It has beautiful grounds in the southeastern part of the city, near the termination of the street railway, which have been beautifully fitted up with the necessary halls and stock pens, and all the usual conveniences of such establishments. There is a fine spring on the grounds which furnishes all the water necessary. The programme for the fair now being held, offers a large and liberal list of premiums, which are open to all competitors. The Association was organized in 1869, under the general act of the Legislature, and has a capital of $26,000. The Board of officers is as follows : President, Charles Snoad, of New Lenox ; Vice Presidents, William E. Henry, of Joliet ; C. A. Westgate, of Peotone ; B. F. Carter, of Troy ; R. J. Boylan, of Elwood ; Frank Searles, of New Lenox ; Secretary, William T. Nelson, of Wilmington ; Treasurer, E. H. Aikin, of Joliet ; with a Board of nine Directors, and eighteen Superintendents under the General Superintendent, L. E. Ingalls. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS. In no way can we so well give an idea of the kind and amount of produc- tions of the county as by the following condensed abstract from the Assessor's returns : PRODUCTS. tCRES. BUSHELS. Corn 182,332 4,324,432 Winter wheat 112^ 2,330 Spring wheat I,t;84i 23,069 Oats 60,796 2,415,712 Rye 1,438 28,732 Barley 43^^ 826 Buckwheat 226^ 2,567i Castor beans 1^ 22 Beans ^^i%% 427 Pease 2^ 106 Irish potatoes 2,650^55^ 189,506 Sweet potatoes 2 125 Apple orchard 4,025J " 1,639 Peach orchard 276 Pear orchard 10 POUNDS. Tobacco 5,1 6,765 Broom corn 3 10,500 TONS. Timothy meadow 43,615 56,96oi Clover meadow 4,481 7,474 Prairie meadow 30,180y''595 36,650 Millet and Hungarian 605J 428 GALLONS. Sorghum 33 1,385 Vineyards 123. 240 ^ (deceased) JOLI ET f rilSTOKV OF WILL COUNTY'. 349 VALUB. Turnip and other root crops 82} JS90635 Other fruit and berries not included above 22 23(53 Other crops not named above 9,148^*^5 3239 Pasture (not including woodland) 88, "(52 Woodland (not including pasture) 17,830 Uncultivated land not included above 17,279A Area of city and town real estate not included above 1 ,807-^^ SHEEl'. No. killed by dogs 252 .Vverage value of number killed by dogs $3 30 No. of pounds of wool shorn 30,582 No. of fat sheep sold 961 Average weight per head 108 DAIRY. No. of cows kept 17,36<> Pounds of butter sold 787,012 Pounds of cheese sold 67,860 Gallons of cream sold 10,000 Gallons of milk sold 1,322,646 CATTLE. No. of fat cattle sold 9,352 Average gross weight per head of fat cattle 942 HOGS. No of fat hogs sold 37,500 Average gross weight of fat hogs 254 No. of hogs and pigs died of cholera 2,064 Average gross weight 87 CROPS. No. of bushels of timothy-seed in 1877 9,513 No. of bushels of clover-seed in 1877 1,898 No. of bushels of Hungarian and millet seed in 1877 4,744 No. of bushels of flaxseed in 1877 13,111 Pounds of grapes 15,815 Number. V.\iue. Horses... 14,547 !?571,362 00 Cattle 40,514 402,532 00 Mules and asses 501 10.529 00 Sheep ti,586 7,389 00 Hogs 37,954 39,306 00 Assessed value of land exclusive of city lots 9,271,860 00 THE SORGHUM FEVER AND OTHER THINGS. From the above it will be seen that sorghum makes but a small figure in our present agricultural productions ; but, in common with many other counties, Will County took its turn at the sorghum fever. This raged along between 1855 and 1865. The farmers generally, at one time or another, raised sorghum. They made their own molasses, and tried to make their own sugar. Merchants sold sorghum-seed, and the sorghum-mills ornamented the farmers' door-yards, and the tall and handsome canes grew in lu.xuriant beauty in his fields. The war added stimulus to its production, as it seemed for a time as H 350 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. though we should be cut off from our Southern supply of sugar altogether. Sorghum conventions Avere held, at which samples were displayed and the modes of cultivation discussed. Among the most enthusiastic believers in sorghum was the Rev. Royal Reed, for some time a Congregational preacher here and elsewhere. He be- lieved that it was going to prove a bonanza to the farmers and the country ; that it would supply sirup and sugar from its juice, a beautiful dye, outvying the famous Tyrian, from its seed, the best and cheapest fiber for paper in its stalk, and last but not least, a spirit could be distilled from the pomace which would put New England and Jamaica to shame. The dominie had a little planta- tion on which he raised the cane, and he set up a mill in his yard, and the steam of his evaporating-pan went up, day after day, a sweet incense to Ceres. He tried to make sugar, but the product was small. But his rum was a success. The libations he poured out to Bacchus were the admiration of the neighbor- hood. Many were permitted to taste just enough to see what could be done with sorghum, but only in medicinal doses. Not much was heard about the dominie's sugar, but the praises of his rum were on the lips of not a few. But the sorghum fever passed away, like many another. It did not prove a success ; its sirup always had an unpleasant twang, and refused to granulate, and soon the farmers stopped raising it, and the sorghum-mills rotted and no longer orna- mented the landscape. This mention of sorghum has given us an opportunity to tell a pretty good story of its enthusiastic disciple. He is still living, but just over the county line in Grundy County, so we think it will be safe. It illustrates the manner in which so many people blunder when they attempt to (iuote Scripture, and thus it has a good moral. If it were not for the good moral we should not tell it. While Pastor of the old Congregational Church here, he boarded awhile in the family of some ladies who kept a female boarding- school. They had quite a large family of teachers and boarding scholars. These ladies had a rule that, as each one, teachers and boarders, took their seats at the table they should repeat a text of Scripture — a very pleasant and com- mendable practice, in favor of which much might be said. On one occasion, one of the ladies gave as her text: " Duty is ours, consequences are God's." It was the dominie's turn next, and he matched her quotation with another equally scriptural, if not equally beautiful : "Let every tub stand on its own bottom." The Dominie had to hunt another boarding-place. How many fevers we have survived ! The bilious fever, the gold fever, the land fever, the oil fever, the superheated steam fever, the war fever, the sorghum fever, the woolen-factory fever, the rolling-mill fever, the Linden Heights fever, the horse- railway fever, the " Dolly Varden " fever — and yet we still live! And then the dress-reform fever, which raged in 1850-51-52. We had thought seriously of writing up its history, but we feel incapable of doing the subject justice, and it is a delicate theme. It was a brave and heroic attempt on the part of a few to bring about a change in female costume ; but it failed, notwithstanding it HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 351 had the zealous support of both the Signal and True Democrat, and those who were its zealous advocates and exemplars now wear dresses longer than ever I SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL MATTERS. The donation by the General Government of the sixteenth section of each township of the public lands — one-thirty-sixth — was made by the same act which provided for their survey. This was a most generous donation on the part of our parental Government, and was designed to furnish a nucleus, at least, of a general system of education ; and, although many of these sections were prematurely sold, and the avails of such sales have, in many instances, been squandered, still the fund derived from this and other sources lightens to some extent the taxes raised for school purposes. There is besides this, a school, college and seminary fund, being 3 per cent of the net proceeds of the sale of public lands, which is distributed by the State to each county in proportion to the number of scholars. Our county receives nearly ^1,000 annually. Cer- tain fines inflicted for misdemeanors are assigned to the school fund. The amount varies from $200 to $800, according to behavior of the citizens. In 1877, it was $510.63. There is also a general tax levied by the State for school purposes, which is distributed to counties according to population under 21 years. The amount received by our county, for 1877. was $16,432.53. In addition, each school district has the power, within certain limits, to raise the amount needed for keeping up the respective schools, and also special taxes for building schoolhouses. In incorporated cities, the city schools come under the city control, and the corporation has power to assess the needed tax. During the earlier years of our history, of cjourse, schools were left chiefly to the volun- tary eiforts of neighborhoods. Some of them we have already noticed. The present system of schools assumed substantially its present shape somewhere about the year 1850. The duties of School Commissioners were pre- viously confined to the charge of the funds, and the duties of the School Trustees, in each township, to the sixteenth section and care of the township fund. It is greatly to be regretted that the people have been so careless in their selection of school officers. These should be selected with the greatest care and from the best, wisest and most responsible citizens, without regard to politics. Some townships have paid dearly for their carelessness in this regard, and still, what ought to elicit the most interest is really treated as of little importance. The last published report of the County Superintendent, Mrs. Mcintosh, gives : The total number of persons between 6 and 21 years 17,602 The total number enrolled in public schools 12,814 The total number enrolled in private schools 1,276 The total number not attending any school 3,515 Number of teachers in public schools 419 Number of teachers in private schools 28 Total number of schoolhouses 207 Total number of volumes in school libraries 85'J Total amount paid teachers for year ending September, 187G $'.t0,596 03 352 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Total amount paid male teachers for the year ending September, 187G.. 29 057 48 Total amount paid female teachers for the year ending September, 1876, 62,538 55 Number of male teachers 124 Number of female teachers 295 Average monthly wages to males |46 84 Average monthly wages to females 30 00 Total amount of receipts for the year S177,778 69 Total amount of expenditures for the year 137,865 72 Balance on hand 39,912 97 Matters specially relating to the different towns, are left to the township historian. Private schools have been taught, from time to time, in the principal towns of the county. In Joliet, by Alexander Mcintosh, S. W. Stone, S. 0. Simends, K. J. Hammond, Miss C. C. McDonald, and Mrs. Grover. An acad- emy was once organized by the efforts, principally, of Rev. L. H. Loss, and flourished awhile under the administration of Samuel Emerson. There was once a young lady's boarding and select school, which flourished some years, and was managed by Mrs. Crowley and her sister and daughter. S. 0. Simonds taught a normal school at one time. Commercial schools have also been in operation much of the time, by Prof. Russell and others. There have been and still are several parochial schools, and Mrs. Mcintosh has at present a select school. These will come under the notice of the township historian. Mr. K. J. Ham- mond had, at one time, a flourishing academy at Plainfield, and there was once a college, called the Northwestern, in operation there, but which has now been removed to another county. After its removal, the building was occupied by an academy under the auspices of the Fox River Union. We wish we could place upon record a flourishing college or even a high school or academy ; but, after all, the people's colleges are the most important to our well-being, and should be looked after in all their interests much more closely and wisely by our voters and tax-payers, and especially by parents. LITERARY. We had intended to devote a page or two to the literary history of Will County, but we have found the work too vast as well as too delicate. Although we should know well where to begin — with that first fourth of July oration — we should not know when or where to stop. We have already spoken of Mrs. E. Jessup Eames, of Channahon, our first poetess in point of time, and, perhaps, in point of ability. She published a volume in her lifetime which contains some beautiful pieces. Mrs. E. A. W. Hopkins, a long-time resident of Joliet in its earlier days, also has published a volume or two. Of these we could safely speak ; but when we should undertake to go into a full list of writers, both in poetry and prose, who have flourished during the forty-odd years of the county's existence, we should be lost in the multitude of names and in the eff'ort to select those most worthy of notice ; and we should be sure to leave out some one who would be entitled to have his or her name handed down to future fame on the pages of this history. We therefore forbear to undertake the work. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 353 and leave it to another. Even wliile we write, we have heard that one of our well-known citizens has a poetical work in the press ; and it is but a day or two since, a grave Judge, while sitting upon the bench, broke out into verse at the sight of a brother lawyer's new overcoat I PENITENTIARY. In 1857, the Legislature authorized the building of a new Penitentiary, to be located at Joliet. Commissioners were appointed to superintend the work. They purchased a tract of land on Section 3 of this township, of 72 19-100 acres, with a front on the Canal of 55 rods. No better selection could probably have been made. The ground is underlaid by our limestone strata to such a depth as to render all tunneling out an impossibility. There was a fine natural spring on the property, and considerable stone, valuable for its construction, and large quarries in the vicinity. The Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad passes between it and the Canal. Boyington & Wheelock, of Chicago, were selected as the architects, and a most extensive and beautiful plan was projected. John B. Preston was ap- pointed Superintendent of construction and engineer, but served only a short time, as his duties as Superintendent of the Canal required his time. On his resignation, George R. McGregor was appointed to fill the place. Work was commenced in August, 1857, and by January 1, 1858, ^125,000 of work was under contract with Sanger & Casey. Sixteen acres were inclosed by a wall six feet thick and twenty-five feet high. A beautiful AVarden's house occupying the center of the south front, with wings which contain the cells, was com- menced on the plan drawn by the architects we have named, furnishing 900 con- gregate cells and 100 solitary and 100 female. In May, 1859, prisoners began to be removed from Alton, and by June, 1860, all were removed. At the start, the prison was leased, but in June, 1867, the State assumed control, and three Commissioners were temporarily appointed. They were subsequently elected by the people. A Warden, Deputy Warden, Chaplain, Matron and Pliysician were chosen, and the work has been completed on the original plan. Within the walls, also, many buildings, sheds, etc., necessary for the mechanical operations carried on, have been from time to time erected, and at present the walls inclose an im- mense amount of mechanical and manufacturing establishments, and is a vast hive of industries, where those who have forfeited their right to freedom are required to serve the State, and earn their own support. The original estimate of the cost was $550,000. The sum of $300,000 was originally appropriated to operate it. In 1869, $350,000 more were appro- priated, and in 1871, $175,000. In 1871, the law was revised for its govern- ment, and the appointment of Commissioners vested in the Governor and sub- ject to his removal. The Commissioners were also authorized to lease the labor of the convicts, and this is the plan now pursued as far as possible. During the 854 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. last year of Gov. Palmer's administration the institution became self-sus- taining. The prison has passed through various changes in its administration and policy, both during its construction and since, and has been a source of much discussion, which it is not important to record. It seems now to be wisely and carefully managed, and has been as prosperous during the era of hard times as any other establishment. The prisoners are under good and kind discipline, and no efforts seemed to be spared, consistent with their safe-keeping and the ends of justice, to secure their physical, moral and religious comfort and im- provement. A chapel with regular religious services, a hospital and well-stocked dispensary, and the necessary attendants, with a skillful physician outside who visits the prison daily, a library of 6,000 volumes for reading, and a school and over 1,000 books for instruction — these are some of the provisions made for their benefit. Each cell is also supplied with a Bible. When the prison was first planned, it was thought to be on so large a scale that it would answer the needs of the State for many years ; but it has already been found insufficient, and a new one is being constructed. Efforts for the spiritual good of the convicts were made by a former Chap- lain, Rev. Mr. Lathrop, who is entitled to the grateful remembrance of the community ; and these are continued by the present Chaplain, A. T. Briscoe, who resigned the post of Commissioner to take his present one, and is devoted to his work. The number of inmates at present (October 12, 1878) is 1,646. Of these, 1,621 are males and 25 females. There are leased 1,244, and employed by State, 402. The present Government is as follows : Board of Com^nissioners. — Robert L. Dulaney, President ; A. M. Jones, Secretary ; S. H. Jones. Officials. — Robert W. McClaughry, Warden ; Benjamin L. Mayhew, Deputy Warden ; D. C. Sleeper, Assistant Deputy Warden ; A. T. Briscoe, Chaplain ; A. W. Heise, M. D., Physician ; Gallus Mueller, Clerk; John D. Leland, Stew- ard ; Mrs. J. E. Judson, Matron ; C. F. Gross, Usher. There has been much discussion at times as to the effects of the Prison upon the prosperity of the city and county, and it is often the theme of partisan denunciation. One thing seems plain, that the State must either keep its convicts in idleness and tax the people for their support, or employ them in such work as is remunerative ; and while it may in some cases interfere somewhat with the wages of mechanics outside, yet the same objection is urged against labor-saving machinery. The disadvantages in this respect we think have been trifling and temporary, while the benefits to the place have been many and permanent. The Penitentiary gives employment to a great many men besides the convicts, as guards and keepers, foreman and engineers, and also brings in men to reside here (who employ their labor) with their families. It makes a ready market HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 355 for the products of farmers in the vicinity, as will appear from the following estimate which we have seen of an ordinary dinner : 30 pounds of butter, 1,700 pounds of beef, 1,300 pounds of pork, 10 bushels of beans, 300 pounnf p HISTORY OF WILL COUxNTY. 493 The Universalist Church was built in 1868, at a cost of $6,000, and is one of the handsomest cliurch-buildings in the village. It was dedicated by Rev. W. S. Balch, of Galesburg, and the first regular Pastor was Rev. Mr. Ilowland. The present membership of this Church is small, but flourishing for a small village like this. Rev. Mr. Tibbitts was their Pastor until within the past few months, when he resigned, since which time they have been without one. The Sunday school was organized in 1868, and has a large attendance. The Evangelical Church was built in 1855, and cost about $3,000. It was dedicated by Rev. Mr. Tobias, Presiding Elder, and the first Pastor was Rev. John Kramer, now of Watertown, Iowa. The present Pastor is Rev. Heni-y Messner, with a membership of 113. The Sunday school was organized cotem- poraneously Avith the Church, and the first Superintendent was David Shreffler. The average attendance is about ninety-seven, and P. Y. Dundore is the Super- intendent. The Northwestern College was located here in 1851, under the auspices of this Church. The building was a stone basement, with a frame, two stories high, 46x66 feet in size, and cost $10,000. The founder and originator of the school was Bishop Esher, and its first President A. A. Smith, with a general average attendance of 180 students. The College was destroyed by fire in 1873. Until the year 1869, it was under the patronage of the Evan- gelical Church, as above stated. In that year it was removed to Naperville, and the building in Plainfield lay idle until 1871, when it was re-opened, and changed to the Fox River Union College, and was under the direction of the Congregational Church. In March, 1872, it passed into the hands of individ- uals, with Mrs. J. D. Field as Principal, under the name of Plainfield Academy, under which organization it remained until destroyed by fire. The Plainfield Echo was established in 1876, by H. A. Tounshendeau, as a family newspaper, and was an excellent little paper during its brief existence. It was one of the half-dozen newspapers embraced in the Phoenix confederation, as noted in the history of Joliet. The former editor of the Echo is now the Plainfield correspondent of the Lockport Commercial Advertiser and has charge of the Plainfield department of that paper. Plainfield Lodge, No. 536, A., F. & A. M., is located in the village, but we have received no information in regard to its organization. The stone quarries of Plainfield are of con- siderable importance. While not comparing with those of Joliet, Lock- port and Lemont, either in quality or quantity, yet they furnish a very fair build- ing stone, which is being much used in the immediate neighborhood. But without facilities for shipping, there is no demand for it beyond home supply. A rail- road would make Plainfield, in a little while, quite a business town, and a fine grain point. Why the Michigan Central does not extend her " cut-off"' railroad through to Aurora, via Plainfield, is a conundrum, and we give it up. Such a movement would prove a paying enterprise beyond any shadow of doubt. Plainfield Cemetery is a beautiful spot, and is eligibly located about half a mile southeast of the village. Much care has been exercised in laying out Q o 494 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. and beautifying the grounds. They are inclosed by a substantial fence, and many fine monuments and marble slabs, with flowers and shrubbery, testify the affection of surviving friends for their beloved dead. It is a beautiful spot, and the care taken of it by the citizens, is an honor to them, and to their pretty little village. NEW LENOX TOWNSHIP. In New Lenox Township was embraced the larger portion of what, in the early times, was termed the Hickory Creek Settlement — a neighborhood cele- brated for its hospitality, and for more pretty girls, perhaps, than any section of the county, unless we except Homer's famous Yankee Settlement, and with it. Hickory Creek was, in this respect, a foeman worthy of its steel. There are many old grizzled fellows still to be found whose countenances become animated, and whose eyes kindle with pleasure, as they recall the pleasant reminiscences of Hickory Creek Settlement — of the quilting parties, " kissing- bees " and miscellaneous gatherings of young and old. How, at those little parties and upon those interesting occasions, they followed the poet's advice, " We won't go home till morning, Till daylight doth appear," and throughout the long Winter night kept up the fun, untrammeled by society rules or modern etiquette. A newspaper correspondent, writing under the name of " Styx," describes a " kissing-bee" he attended there in the good old days of the long ago. With such interesting and innocent little plays as " Old Sister Phoebe," "Green Grow the Willow Tree," "Johnny Bi-own " and all others of like character, laid down in the programme, the night waned, and as the first faint streaks of dawn began to gild the eastern horizon, they decided to wind up the affair with one grand kiss all around. The girls were placed in line, and the boys were each to begin at the head of the line and kiss all the girls. As the business proceeded, one little dark-eyed lass, who stood at the foot of the line, exclaimed, impatiently, " Why don't you kiss at both ends of the line, and get through quicker." This remark brought the performance to a close rather abruptly, by some one remarking at the moment, that it was " broad day- light and time to be off home." New Lenox is known as Township 35 north. Range 11 east of the Third Principal Meridian, and is well drained and watered by Hickory Creek and its North Fork. These streams, at the time of early settlement, were lined with fine forests, much of the timber of which has since been cut away. Perhaps one-fourth of the town was timbered, while the remainder is prairie, much of it rolling, while some of it is so uneven as to be termed knolly. It is intersected by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and the Joliet Cut-Off of the Michigan Central, the history of which is given in another department of this work. The township is devoted almost entirely to farming and stock-raising. Corn and oats are the principal crops and are grown in abundance, while muck HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 495 attention is devoted to raising and feeding stock, of which large quantities are shipped from this section annually. Taken altogether, New Lenox is one of the wealthy towns of Will County. Its population, in 1870, was about 1,120 inhabitants. The first whites to erect cabins in the Hickory Creek timber, were, prob- ably, two men named, respectively, Joseph Brown and Aaron Friend, but of them very little is known. They were here as early as 1829, and Friend was a kind of Indian trader. He always had a rather rough set of French half- breeds and Indians around him, and when the latter moved West to grow up with the country, he followed them. Chicagoans used to come down, and they would get up a ball at Friend's ; and once upon a time, some young fellows from Chicago had their horses' tails shaved there. He went to Iowa after the retreat- ing Indians, and died there, when his wife came back to Illinois, and went to live with her daughter, on what was then called Horse Creek. Of Brown, still less is known beyond the fact that he died here in the Fall of 1830. In 1830 the Summer and Fall preceding the deep snow, several new-comers settled on Hickory Creek. Of these, perhaps, the Rices were the first, and came early in 1830. They were from Indiana, and consisted of William Rice, Sr., his son William, and their families. They laid claim to the place where William Gougar afterward settled, and where his son John Gougar now lives. They built a log cabin on this place and had broken five acres of prairie, when John Gougar came on in the Fall of 1830 and bought them out. After selling out to Gougar, they made a claim where the village of New Lenox now stands, put up a shanty, and, after a few years, moved out somewhere in the vicinity of the town of Crete, where some of the family are still living. In September, 1830, John Gougar came from Indiana and, as stated above, bought Rice's claim. A man named Grover had been hired by the elder Gougar to come out with his son and assist in preparing quarters for the family, who moved out the next June. William Gougar, Sr., was a native of Pennsylvania, but moved to Ohio in 1818, and, in 1822, to Indiana, where he resided until his removal to Illinois, and to this township, in the Summer of 1831. As already noted, he settled on the place where his son, John Gougar, now lives. William GouwaV, Jr., another son lives within a mile of the village of New Lenox. He went to California during the gold fever of 1849-50, and remained about three years and a half, during which time he did reasonably well in the land of gold. The elder Gougar died in 1861. John Grover, who, as stated, had been hired by Mr. Gougar to come out with his son in 1830, brought his family with him and remained with the Gougars a year or two. He then made a claim in the Haven neighborhood, where he lived four or five years, then sold out and moved down near the present Will County Fair Grounds. Here he made a claim upon which he lived several years, when he finally sold out and removed to Iowa, where he died. Mrs. Stevens, a daughter of Mr. Kercheval. men- tioned below, remembers Grover and of his being out on the prairie one cold 496 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. day when the piercing wind caused his eyes to water, which froze on the lashes, until he became totally blind for the time, causing him to lose his way, and to nearly freeze to death before he succeeded in reaching home. Lewis Kercheval came from Ohio and settled in this township, arriving on the 19th dav of October, 1830. His wagon was the. second that crossed the prairies south of this section of the country. In his trip to the new country, in which he designed making his future home, he had no way-marks across the trackless prairies but his own natural judgment as to the direction of this promised land. The compass, then unknown, except to a favored few, he did not have, and thus was forced much of the time to travel by guess. Upon his arrival here, he erected a tent in which to shelter his family until he could build a house, or cabin, as the habitations of the early settlers were usually called. This tent was simply four posts driven in the ground, with slabs or puncheons laid across for a covering, and quilts hung around the sides. He cut logs in a short time, and raised a cabin when his wife and daughters, who were anxious for a more substantial house than the tent, "pitched in" and assisted the hus- band and father to "chink and daub" this primitive palace. Perhaps it did not deserve the name of palace, but it was their home in the wilderness, and as such a palace to them. In two weeks from the time of their arrival, their house was ready and they moved into it. Mr. Kercheval seems to have been a man of the strongest sympathies and the most tender heart. Mrs. Robert Stevens, a daughter of his, now living in the suburbs of the city of Joliet, and from whom we received much of the information pertaining to the early settle- ment of her father in this section, says she has often seen him shed tears over the hardships his wife and little ones were forced to undergo in these early times. His first Winter in the settlement was that of the "deep snow," the epoch from which the few survivors who remember it, date all important events. During the time this great fall of snow remained on the ground, and which was four feet deep on a level, he used to cut down trees, that his horses and cows might "browse" upon the tender twigs. With little else to feed his stock, from sleek, fat animals in the Fall of the year, they came forth in the Spring — those that survived the Winter — nothing but "skin and bones." He would sit down and weep at the sufferings of the poor dumb beasts, and his inability to render them material aid in the way of nourishing food. But it used to exhaust his wits to provide food for his family at all times during that first Winter. Once they run out of meal, and though he had sent to Chicago for a barrel of flour (the mode of communication with Chicago not then being equal to what it is at the present day), it was long in coming; and before its arrival the larder had got down to a few biscuits, laid aside for the smallest children. Mrs. Ste- vens says her father declared if the flour did not come he would take as many of his children as he could carry on his back, and attempt to make the settle- ments, but good luck or Providence was on his side, and the barrel of flour came before they were reduced to this extremity. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 497 A sad story was told us by Mrs. Stevens, who, though but a little girl of fifteen or sixteen years of age at the time, remembers the occurrence distinctly. It was of a family who had settled near the present village of Blue Island, and during this deep snow their store of provisions became exhausted, and the hus- band and father started for the settlements to procure fresh supplies. Being unavoidably detained by the snow, the last crumb disappeared, and the mother, in the very face of starvation, started for Chicago, as is supposed, to get food for her children, and got lost on the prairie and was either frozen to death or killed by wolves. The former supposition is probably the correct one, and after freezing was devoured by wolves, as nothing was ever found but her bones, which were recognized by her shoes. Her children were discovered by some chance passer-by when almost starved to death, and were taken and cared for by the few kind-hearted people in the country at the time. The husband's return was a sad one. His wife dead and eaten by wolves, and his children cared for by strangers, it would almost seem that he had little left to live or care for. The reader will pardon this digression, but it is given in illustration of the privations experienced by the few settlers in the country during the time of the deep snow ; and to return to the original subject, Mr. Kercheval, we are informed, hauled most of the provisions consumed by his family during the first year, one hundred and fifty miles, from the Indiana settlements. He died in February, 1873, a man honored in the community where he lived, and a much-respected citizen. Samuel Russell came from the Nutmeg State among the very early settlers, and bought land of Gurdon S. Hubbard, of Chicago. He settled in this town- ship and lived here for a number of years. Judge John I. Davidson came out in the Fall of 1830, and bought Friend's claim. He was originally from New Jersey, but had lived some time in Indiana, and after purchasing the claim of Friend, returned to Indiana, and removed his family to the settlement in the Spring of 1831. He had two daughters, one of whom married a Mr. Thompson, and still lives in the township, while the other married a man named Higgin- botham, of Field & Leiter's, Chicago, and is living in that city. Joseph Norman was from Indiana, and settled here in 1830, before John Gougar, of whom much of this information is obtained, came to the settlement. He eventually re- turned to Indiana, and died there a number of years ago. A man named Emmett was here during the Winter of 1830-31, but where he came from, we do not know. He went off with the Mormon Prophets and Elders, and perhaps became one of their "big guns." A man of the name of Buck also spent that Winter here, and he, too, turned Mormon, and followed the elect to Nauvoo. The Winter that Buck spent in this settlement, which was that of the deep snow, he had nothing in the way of bread during the entire Winter except that made from two bushels of meal, and yet he had a wife and three children. He had two cows, one of which he killed for beef, hung her to the limb of a tree, and when he wanted meat, would take an ax and chop off a piece of the frozen 498 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTlf. COW. John Gougar gave him half a bushel of corn, which, with his two bushels of meal and cow, was all that he is known to have had to keep his family during the Winter. Gougar once found him during the Spring in the Woods gather- ing what he called "■ greens," and asked him if he was not afraid of being poi- soned. He replied that one would act as an antidote to another. John Stitt was another Indianian, and settled here in 1831 or 1832. He moved to Missouri, where he died a few years ago. Col. Sayre settled here probably about 1829, as he was here when John Gougar came, in 1830. He lived alone, was either a bachelor or widower, and as he had few associations, living a kind of hermit- life, little was known about him. He built a saw-mill near where the Red Mills now stand in Joliet Township, though he lived in New Lenox Township. Mansfield Wheeler, who settled on Hickory Creek in 1833, went into partner- ship with him in this mill. Cornelius C. Van Home came from New York, and settled in this township in 1832. He was a man of considerable prominence and intelligence, and is noticed elsewhere as holding many positions of importance. He died in Joliet several years age. The following incident is given in " Forty Years Ago " as illustrative of Van Home's bold, outspoken way of giving vent to his honest convictions. In 1840, an old man, over six feet high, came through the settle- ment, making his way to his former home in Pennsylvania, on foot. He was troubled with some kind of nervous affliction which often ended in fits of a rather serious character, rendering him entirely helpless and at the mercy of whoever might find him. He was found in a fit in an old blacksmith-shop near where Samuel Haven lived, when it was discovered that he had a considerable sum of money upon his person, and he was taken to the house of one McLaughlin. After recovering partially, he went on his way, and nothing more was heard until he was found in another fit, near " Skunk's Grove," and in his mutterings were something of having been robbed, and search revealed the fact that his money was all gone. In a few days he died and was buried by charity. Sus- picions rested upon McLaughlin as having robbed the old man. Van Home was outspoken and made no hesitation in avowing his belief as to McLaughlin's guilt. The matter was taken up by the grand jury and a bill found against old McLaughlin's son, principally through the instrumentality of Van Home. The young man gave bail for his appearance at court, and when the term came on he started on foot for the town, as he gave'out, but he never made his appearance at the Court House. The Van Horne party said he had run away to avoid trial — the McLaughlins alleged that he had been foully dealt with, and charged it upon the Van Homes, whom they charged as being the real robbers of the old man, and were afraid to have young McLaughlin's case tried, lest the truth should come out. The excitement run high. Old McLaughlin spent days in traveling up and down the creek and searching in the woods, ostensibly for his lost son, while others, feeling some sympathy for him, assisted in the search. In the old mill-pond, just above where the Rock Island Railroad crosses Hickory HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 499 Creek, was discovered a wagon-track running by a blind road from one of the "Van Home's, and from where the wagon track terminated a wheelbarrow track to the mill-pond. The wheelbarrow was found in the mill and upon it some hair. The pond was dragged and the body of a man considerably decayed was found. Old McLaughlin was told of the discovery, and he said that if it was his son certain teeth would be missing. The body was examined and found to correspond with the old man's description. The excitement was intense and public opinion divided. The Coroner held an inquest, which resulted about as satisfactorily as such things generally do. Old McLaughlin and his wife swore positively that they believed the body was that of their son, while many others believed it too tall, aged and too much decayed. But notwithstanding these discrepancies, the Coroner's jury found it to be the body of young McLaughlin, and while they did not bring a charge against any one, old McLaughlin swore ■out a warrant and had Van Home arrested. And in the excitement and divis- ion of sentiment, many were ready to hang Van Home without judge or jury. It became an object to those who sided with Van Plorne, and who did not believe the body " sat on " by the Coroner to be that of young McLaughlin, to find out whose it was. At length, some one thought of the grave of the old man ^ho had been robbed, and a delegation was sent to examine, when it was found to Jhave been recently disturbed, and when the coffin was opened, it was tenant- less. In the mean time, a surveillance had been put upon the post office, and a letter having come for old McLaughlin, mailed somewhere in Pennsylvania, it was opened by consent of the Postmaster and found to be from the misusing son. The tide of public opinion had changed when the discovery was made at the grave, and now those who had been so eager to hang Van Home were still more eager to hang McLaughlin and his wife. The development of the matter shows that old McLaughlin, his wife and son had conspired to ruin Van Home, and that they had dug up the body of the old man, taken it to the mill-pond — a distance of two miles — examined it closely enough to detect the missing teeth, or extracted them on purpose to make it correspond with the son, and then depos- ited it in the water. They had taken the wagon of Van Home and drawn it to the creek and back to turn suspicion on him. The old man got wind of the turn affairs had taken upon the opening of the letter, and made his escape before the infuriated people could get hold of him, or perhaps the historian would have the melancholy duty to perform of chronicling a sure-enough murder story, instead of one Avith the murder left out. Samuel Haven was also a New Yorker, and settled in this township in 1835 or 1836. He had four sons, viz., Dwiglit, Carlos, Rush and Alvin. Rush Haven is a physician, and lives in Chicago ; Carlos died here, and was buried in the little cemetery of New Lenox village ; and Dwight and Alvin are still living in the township. Joseph S. Reynolds was from Ohio, and settled in the town in 1833. He had lived some time at Ottawa before coming to this settle- ment. He died some twenty-five years ago, but has sons still living in the 500 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. township, "who are honored and respected citizens. Jason Rugg and David Hartshorn came from Vermont in 1836, and settled near where the village of New Lenox now stands. They had made arrangements for removing here in 1832, but rumors of the Indian war going on at that time deterred them, and their coming was postponed until the date given above. They have both been dead several years, and both sleep in the pretty little village cemetery. James C. Kercheval was a son of Lewis Kercheval, mentioned in an earlier part of this chapter. Though but a boy, he took part in the Black Hawk war until the settlers Avere forced to flee to the older settlements for safety. He died in 1873, and his widow is still living in the town. The Francises came from Ohio, but were originally from England. John Francis, an Englishman, removed from England to Ireland in the year 1690, settled in the county of Cavan, and married Jane McGrregory, a Scotch lady, whose father fled from Scotland to Ireland in the time of the persecution waged by the Catholics against the Protestants. They had two sons, William and John. William died when a young man. John married Mary Sharp, by whom he had five sons — William, John, Richard, Edward and James ; and three daughters — Mary, Jane and Margaret. John married Margaret Cranston, of Scotland, by whom he had two sons. James married Esther Ingram. William married Jane Love, who was of Scotch ancestry ; and Jane married Alexander Meharry. William Francis, who married Miss Jane Love, had four sons — John L., Thomas, Abraham and Isaac; and three daughters — Jane, Margaret and Mary. Will- iam Francis, who married Jane Love, emigrated from Ireland in the year 1815, and settled in Brown County, Ohio, where his family all remained until the year 1831, at which time Abraham married Mary Ann J. Davison, of Adams County, Ohio, and moved with his brothers Thomas and Isaac to the site where the widow of Abraham Francis now lives with her son, A. Allen Francis, in the town of New Lenox, Will Co., 111. The next Spring, Mary, with her hus- band, Aaron Wear, came and settled on the section just west of Abraham Fi'ancis. Thomas removed to Bates County, Mo., where he died two years afterward. Aaron Wear removed to Morgan County, Mo., in the year 1857, where he died a few years later. Abraham Francis had five sons and six daugh- ters, of whom four sons, A. Allen, John, Charles and George L., and four daughters, Margaret (wife of N. P. Cooper), Mary A. J. (wife of John S. Blackstone) Lydia E. (wife of A. S. Haven), and Addie A. (wife of Jesse Meharry), are still living, and all but two of them live in their native town, New Lenox. Abraham died on the place where his widow now lives, an active, intelligent lady, apparently but little beyond the prime of life. She was mar- ried when but 16 years of age, and came at once to Illinois, and with her hus- band made a home where she still lives, awaiting the summons to join the companion of her youth, up beyond the blue sky. She relates the following of Father Beggs, the pioneer Methodist preacher: He came to their cabin one day, soon after they had settled in the neighborhood, and asked where her HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 501 father was. She told him he was at home in Ohio. He then inquired what she was doing away out here in the wilderness, so far away from her father's ; when, with naivete, she answered that she "had come here with her husband;" at which revelation he seemed a little surprised, from, her childlike appearance. John Francis, another of her sons, is living within a short distance of her ; while a married daughter, Mrs. Cooper, also lives in the immediate neighbor- hood. The four sons reside on one street, and their farms join each other, making a continuous stretch of two and a half miles. Henry Watkins, father of the pioneer school-teacher, came from New York and settled in New Lenox Township in the Fall of 1831, where he lived until his death, about fifteen years ago. Of others who settled on Hickory Creek at a very early period, we may mention Michael and Jared Runyon, Isaac and Samuel Pence, Joseph, Alfred and James Johnson, and Henry Higginbothara. There were, perhaps, others who are entitled to mention as early settlers, but their names have escaped the few who survive them. Higginbotham bought out Col. Sayre in 1834, and the saw-mill firm before alluded to became Wheeler & Higginbotham. The Johnsons settled near the line of Yankee Settlement, on Spring Creek. The Fences and Runyons were among the very early settlers. The Fences were in the settlement before the Sac war, but the exact date of their coming is not remembered. Edward Foor, an old soldier of the war of 1812 and of the Black Hawk Avar, is living on Maple street with his son, Robert Poor. He first settled in Homer Township, where he receives further notice. As stated in the beginning of this chapter, settlements were made on Hickory Creek as early as 1829, which were among the first made in Will County, perhaps Flainfield, or Walker's Grove having a little the precedence. As a natural consequence of this early settlement, births, deaths and marriages occurred here at an early period. The death of Mr. Brown, mentioned as one of the first settlers on the Creek, who died in the Fall of 1830, was the first death in this township, and is supposed to be the first person who died in Will County. The first marriage was Miss x\nne Pence and Thomas Ellis. The marriage took place on the 4th of July, 1834, and was a part of the programme of the "day we celebrate," and the happy event was solemnized in Joliet, by B. F. Barker, a Justice of the Peace. This wedding is graphically described in " Forty Years Ago," to which our readers are re- ferred for particulars of the bridal costume and "fixins." It is also supposed to be the first wedding in the county. The first white child born in New Lenox Township, and perhaps in the county, was Elizabeth Norman, born in January, 1832, and Margaret Louisa Cooper, nee Francis, was the next child born in the township, and was born the 3d of January, 1834. The first practicing physi- cian in the Hickory Creek Settlement was Dr. Bowen, now of Wilmington, and the first preacher was Father Beggs, or Rev. Mr. Prentiss, who located in Joliet in an early day. We are informed by A. Allen Francis, who derived the information from the man himself that Joseph Shomaker was the first settler 502 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. in what now comprises Will County, probably arriving in the Spring of 1828, in what is now known as Reed's Grove, in the township of Jackson. We have it from Mr. Francis, also, that the first marriage in the county was that of Jedediah Woolley, Jr.,of Troy Township, to Betsy Watkins, daughter of Henry Watkins, of New Lenox Township, January, 1832; and that Father Walker preached the first sermon, in 1832, in the fort or blockhouse, and Stephen Beggs, the second. The first mill was built by Joseph Norman, on Hickory Creek, about 1833 or 1834. Col. Sayre's mill was built previously, but was just over in Joliet Township. The first bridge was built across Hickory Creek, near John Gougar's. It was built of logs, and was a rough affair. The township is well supplied with excellent bridges at the present day — having two iron bridges of improved patent, one across Hickory Creek, at New Lenox village, and the other across the north branch, while there are a number of excellent wooden bridges of substantial build. The first road laid out was the State road from Chicago to Blooming- ton, but was a little off the direct route, and was never used. The first traveled road was from Joliet east to State line, and passed by Gougar's. The first post office was kept at Mr. Gougar's, though C. C. Van Home was the Postmaster. This was not only the first post office and Postmaster in New Lenox Township but in Will County. The mail was carried on horseback from Danville to Chi- cago. Sometime after its establishment in 1832, the office was removed to Joliet, and Dr. Bowen became Postmaster. The first Justice of the Peace was C. C. Van Home. The present Justices are: T. G. Haines and Dwight Haven. Township Clerk, Sinclair Hill ; Township Treasurer, T. G. Haines, and John Francis, Supervisor. Since township organization, the following gentlemen have represented the town in the Board of Supervisors : J. Van Dusen, 1850 ; A. McDonald, 1851; B. F. Allen, 1852; G. McDonald, 1853; J. C. Kerche- val, 1854-55; D. Haven, 1856-57 ; J. C. Kercheval, 1858 ; D. Haven, 1859-60 ; Allen Francis, 1861-63; T. Doig, 1864; D. Haven, 1865; T. Doig, 1866-67; D. Haven, 1868; T. Doig, 1869; C. Snoad, 1870-71; John Francis, 1872; P. Cavenagh, 1873; John Francis, 1874, and is still Supervisor. The first school was taught in New Lenox Township in the Winter of 1832-33, by C. C. Van Home. In the Summer of 1832, a schoolhouse had been built in the timber on Hickory Creek, which was a small log structure, and in this building Van Home taught the following Winter. John Watkins, the pioneer teacher, taught in this house afterward. He, it is said, taught the first school in Chicago. The school facilities of New Lenox have increased since that day, as, in 1872, the reports showed 8 schoolhouses ; 366 pupils •enrolled; 14 teachers; amount of special tax $2,896.88; amount paid teachers, $2,210.13 ; total expenditures for the year, $3,342.57 ; balance in treasury, $1,338.96. The first church edifice built in New Lenox Township was the Methodist Episcopal Church, erected in 1850, and was called Bethel Methodist Church. Before this church was built, services were held in HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 503 the schoolhouses, and before schoolhouses, in the people's cabins. The Mormons were the first who preached in the settlement, and used to promulgate their heavenly revelations as early as 1831, and next after them came the Methodists, who are mentioned as the first " real, sure-enough " preachers. The camp grounds of the Methodist Church, belonging to the Rock River Conference, located a little west of the village of New Lenox, in a beautiful grove, are very beautiful, and admirably adapted to the purposes for which they are used. The name New Lenox was taken from Lenox, N. Y. The first Supervisor under township organization was J. Van Dusen, and came from Lenox, N. Y., and when asked to name his township by the County Commissioners, gave to it the name of his native town. Previous to that it was known as Van Home's Point, from a point of timber near the center of the town, and at a still earlier date it went by the name of Hickory Creek Settlement. Maple street is a road running through the north part of the town from east to west, and was so named in consequence of the first settlers planting a number of maple-trees along the line of the road. On the political issues of the day, New Lenox is pretty evenly divided. Some years ago it was largely Republican, but with National Greenbackers and Democrats, the Republican majority has been whittled down to the little end of nothing. As this is one of the early settled portions of Will County, its history could hardly be considered complete without some special reference to the Indians and the Sac war of 1832, so often mentioned in these pages. Although nearly a half-century has passed since those rather "ticklish " times, and most of the participants are gone where ''wars and rumors of wars" come not to disturb their peace and tranquillity, there are a few left who remember well the great excitement of that period. And the very Indians themselves are almost forgot- ten by the masses, or only remembered through the reports from the distant West of their robbing, plundering and murdering. But on the 18th day of May, 1832, Hickory Creek Settlement, for the small number of inhab- itants it contained, perhaps was about as excited a community as one will gen- erally meet with in half a life-time. On that day news was brought to the set- tlement of the death and destruction being dealt out by Black Hawk and his dusky warriors. A committee of a dozen men who had the best horses were appointed to go to Plainfield and reconnoiter, andbringbacknewsas to the truth of the reports. Thomas and Abraham Francis were on the committee, and the news brought back was not calculated to allay the existing excitement in the least. On approaching Plainfield, they discovered Indians firing on the fort or block- house, and the committee stood not on their retirement, but fell back precipi- tately, to put it into the mildest form possible. On their return, they reported to the settlers that the Indians were coming and killing everything before them. A council of war was called at " Uncle Billy " Gougar's, and it was determined to seek safety in flight, and on the 18th of May they commenced the line of inarch. The majority retreated toward the Wabash settlements, while some few 504 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. went to Chicago. The bustle and excitement of getting ready to start, and the mo- mentary expectation of hearing the terrific yells of the savages, gave rise to some ludicrous scenes, as serious as was the cause of alarm. Mr. Pence's girls came to Mr. Gougar and asked him to yoke up their oxen for them. " Yes, in a minute," said he ; but before he could get ready to do so, the brave girls had yoked the cattle themselves, hitched them to the wagon, and were gone on the way toward safety. (Young ladies of Will County, how many of you could perform such a feat to-day, if an emergency should arise to demand it ?) The first day the cavalcade arrived within four miles of the Kankakee River, where they encamped for the night, intending to start at daylight and drive to the river before breakfast. But just after starting the next morning, a man named Lionbarger came up hatless, riding bare-back, and did "a tale unfold" of Indi- ans in pursuit and of murder and carnage, that completely dispelled the appe- tites of the already frightened fugitives, and they did not stop for breakfast until 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and " thirty miles away " from their encampment of the previous night. As the women and children would see the trees along the way that had been burned and blackened, they would shriek, Indians ! and thus the march or retreat was continued through to a place of safety. It was dis- covered afterward that Lionbarger had mistaken fence-stakes for Indians, and hence his story of the pursuit and of his own extreme fright. He rode, it is said, eighty miles without stopping, bare-headed and without a saddle, a feat that has never been excelled, as we are aware of, even by Jim Robinson the great bare-back circus-rider. But the storm of Avar soon passed ; the dark and lurid clouds rolled away toward the west, and the sun came forth in all his glory — the olive-branch of peace waved over the land, and the fugitive settlers returned to their claims in July of the same year which witnessed their precip- itate retreat, never more to be disturbed in their peaceful pursuits by the red men of the forest, who, like Dickens' little Jo before the " peeler," have moved on before the "superior race," the white men, and are still moving on toward the "golden sunset," where erelong they will hear the roar of the last wave that will settle over them forever. THE VILLAGE OF NEW LENOX. This pretty little village is situated on the banks of Hickory Creek, and on the Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, thirty-three miles from Chicago, and about six miles from Joliet. It is surrounded by a beautiful grove of timber, and grand old forest-trees shade it in Summer and protect it against the storms of Winter. The village of New Lenox was laid out in 1858 by George Gay- lord, of Lock port, and surveyed by A. J. Mathewson, County Surveyor. The village is known on the original plat by the name of Tracy, and was given in honor of the General Superintendent of the railroad at the time of the laying- out of the village. But with a modesty rarely met with in the present day, he shrank from such notoriety, and at his urgent request, the name was changed HISTORY OF WILL COUUTY. 505 to New Lenox, to correspond with the name of the township. A man of the name of Robinson built tlie first residence in the village, and Van Ilorne put up the next one. Both of these were built before the village was laid out. David Letz built the next house, which is now a part of the hotel kept by Doxtader. The first storehouse was erected by Paschal Woodward, who owned both the building and the stock, though it was managed by a man named Haines. The first post office was established in 1858, and John B. Saulsbury was appointed the first Postmaster. The mail-bags are now handled by Ward Knickerbocker. An excellent grain warehouse was built by Samuel Woodward, and is now owned by the railroad company and rented by George Hilton, who handles grain pretty extensively. The first schoolhouse was built long before the village was laid out, and stood just across the street from Ward Knicker- bocker's store. The present handsome school edifice was built in 1869, is a two-story frame and cost about $3,000. Prof. Frank Searles is principal of the school, and employs an assistant during the Winter season. The following is a summary of the business carried on in the village : Three stores — W. Knick- erbocker, Tunis Lynk and George Hilton ; three blacksmith-shops, one grain warehouse, two wagon-shops, one hotel, one tin-shop, one physician — Dr. F. W , Searles. J. B. Saulsbury carries on a butter-factory, which is quite an estab- lishment, and adds materially to the importance and business of the village. He does not make cheese, but devotes his entire attention to the manufacture of butter, and works up from four to five thousand pounds of milk daily, which is made up on shares for his patrons. The village has two pretty little churches, viz.: The Methodist and Grace Episcopal. The Methodist Church was built in the village in 1859, and is the same, as mentioned in another page, as being built in the township in 1850, and called Bethel Church. It was taken down in 1859 and moved to the village and new material added to it and the present edifice erected, at a cost of about ^1,000. It has about sixty members, under the pastorate of Rev. George P. Hoover. Allen Francis is Superintendent of the Sunday school, which ie well attended. Grace Episcopal Church was opened to service in September, 1870. It is a frame building, painted stone-color, and cost $2,000, with a membership of about fifty, under the pastoral charge of Rev. Mr. Turner. Quite a flourisliing Sunday school is maintained under the superintendence of Sinclair Hill. Upon a sunny slope of the village, where the south winds sigh through the forest-trees that shade it, is the beautiful little village grave-yard, where sleep the loved ones, who have gone to their rest. It is a pretty spot and shows many traces of loving hands in the planting of shrubs and flowers above the sleeping dead. The village of Spencer is situated on the cut-off division of the Michigan Central Railroad, about nine miles from Joliet, and is two miles from New Lenox village. It was surveyed by A. J. Mathewson, County Surveyor, for Frank Goodspeed and Albert Mudge, who owned the land on which it is loca- 506 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. ted. It was laid out in 1856, about the time the railroad was built through this section. The first storehouse erected in the place was the one occupied by Russell Kennedy in 1856, the same year the village was laid out. The post office was established in 1857, and James Holmes was appointed Postmaster, an office he still holds. The first grain elevator was built in 1857 by the railroad company, and, on its completion, was dedicated by a rousing ball, in which the boys and girls of the surrounding country participated to their entire satisfac- tion. In 1875, H. S. Carpenter built another large elevator, and this, like- wise, was similarly dedicated. Indeed, this seems to be the usual mode of opening elevators in this section of the country. It is now operated by W. M. Dudley, who, also, has the other elevator rented, in order to keep other parties out of the business at this point. He handles annually something like 800 car- loads of grain — principally corn and oats. The general business of Spencer is two stores, by N. P. Holmes and Knapp Brothers ; one saloon, a post office, a blacksmith-shop, a shoe-shop, two grain elevators and one grain dealer. There is neither a church or schoolhouse within the limits of the village. A consid- able amount of business is transacted in this little and apparently unimportant village — far more than a stranger would imagine at first sight; but it is in the midst of a rich and fertile region, and immense quantities of grain and stock are annually shipped from this little station. FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. "Frankfort-on-the-Main," otherwise Frankfort Township, comprises one of the stair-steps of Will County, forming a "jog" in the line, and is bounded on the north and east by Cook County, on the south by Greengarden Township^ on the west by New Lenox, and had a population, in 1870, of about one thou- sand nine hundred and twenty inhabitants. The town is mostly fine, rolling prairie, with the exception of a few sections bordering Hickory Creek, the only water-course of any consequence. Frankfort Township is termed the summit of this portion of the State, and is said to be the highest point between Chicago and the Mississippi River. It is described as Town 35 north, Range 12 east of the Third Principal Meridian, and is as fine an agricultural region as Will County can bOast. Forty-eight years have come and gone since white men began to settle in the territory now embraced in Frankfort Township. William Rice is supposed to have been the first white man whose footsteps marked the virgin prairie in this portion of Will County. He made a kind of prospecting tour through here in 1828, but did not make a permanent settlement until in the Summer of 1831. During the Spring and Summer of that year, John McGovney, Will- iam Moore, William Rice and a man named Osborne settled near where the village of Mokena now stands. Not long, however, were they allowed to remain in peace and tranquillity. The notes of war were wafted to them upon HISTORY OF WILT, COUNTY. 507 the prairie winds, and the war-whoops of Black TTawk and his warriors warned them that this was no safe abiding-])lace. Karly in the Spring of 1832, safety demanded a retreat to a more thickly-settled country, and they accordingly returned to the Wabash settlement, or to Lafayette, Ind. McGovney, Moore and Rice were from Ohio, and Osborne had come from Indiana, but whether that was his native place or not could not be learned. After the close of the Indian war, McGovney and Rice came back to their claims, in the Spring of 1834. Moore and Osborne, it appears, however, were fully satisfied with frontier life, and never returned — at least not to this settlement. Mr. McGovney pre-empted eighty acres of land, and succeeded in getting a "float" on another " eighty," a portion of which is embraced in the present village of Mokena. He is considered the first permanent settler of Frankfort Township. The land was not in market at the time he settled here, and set- tlers chose their locations and " squatted," provided there were no prior, claims Range 11 was sold in 1836, and Range 12 in 1838, at Chicago. Mr, McGovney died on his original place March 11, 1859. W. W. McGov- ney, a son, now lives in New Lenox Township ; another son, Ozias, is a prosperous merchant in the village of Mokena ; Thomas G., another son, lives in Joliet, and Elijah, the youngest, lives on the old homestead. The family consisted of eight children, and all lived until the youngest was 32 years old. Matthew Van Home settled here, it is said, in 1832, and remained during the Black Hawk war. He was from New York, and was good-naturedly termed by his neighbors a Mohawk Dutchman. He settled one mile west of the present village of Frankfort, in the Hickory Creek timber, where he lived and died, and where his widow still lives, in the same old house where they spent more than half their lives. Peter Clayes came from New Hampshire, and set- tled first in the vicinity of Lockport, but removed to Frankfort Township in the Spring of 1837. Orlando and Levi M. Clayes, his sons, came in the Fall of 1836 ; Charks, another son, came out and worked on their claim during the Winter, and in the Spring the remainder of the family came. They bought their claim from one Robert Smith, who was from Vermont, and settled here in 1835. The elder Clayes is dead, and Charles lives on the homestead place. E. Atkins and a brother, John Atkins, came from Vermont, and were among the first settlers in the township after the close of the Sac war, and about the same time came Weir and Duncan, from the Wabash settlements. Their first names are now forgotten. Foster Kane and Archibald Crowl were from the same section. It is said that Kane was in the settlement all through the Black Hawk war, and settled on the place afterward occupied by Matthew Van Plorne ; but this we are inclined to doubt somewhat. Crowl settled near the village of Mokena, in 1834 or 1835. He finally moved to Missouri ; Kane moved South in a short time after the war was over, and afterward to Missouri, where he died many years ago. Daniel Wilson came from Ohio and settled in 1834 or 508 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 1835. Francis Owen was from Kentucky, and came in 1835. Phineas Holden and Trueman Smith were from Vermont, and settled also in 1835. Ambrose Doty came from Ohio, in 1834, and settled on the line between Frankfort and New Lenox Townships. His land lay on both sides of the line, and his first cabin was built just over the line in New Lenox Township ; but when, some years later, he built a new and more pretentious residence, he set it on the opposite side of the line, and thus became a resident of Frankfort Township. As stated, he came from Ohio, but was born in Norris County, N. J. He has been living for some years in Frankfort village. Isaac Francis also came from Ohio, but was a native of the "Ould Sod," and settled in the town in 1835. Allen and Lysander Denny, a Mr. Wood, and David Ketcbum came from New York in 1834 or 1835. Wood had two sons, Hiram and Sydney ; one of them, a Methodist clergyman, moved to the Rock River country ; the father and the other son moved away, also, but where, we could not learn. The Dennys set- tled in the Hickory Creek timber — Allen near Mokena, and Lysander on the Creek, where he built a saw-mill, and after a time sold out and moved to the village of Spencer, where he died. Allen finally returned to New York, where he died several years ago. William Knight, also a New Yorker, came in the Fall of 1834, and settled in the Grove, but sold out in a few years and returned to New York. This includes a number of the early settlers of Frankfort Town- ship, and, perhaps, a majority of those who settled in the town prior to the [and sale, are mentioned in this list. After the sale of these lands, the com- munity rapidly filled up until not a section was left unoccupied. There are no bet- ter farming lands in the county, as shown by the following statistics from the Assessor's books for 1877. ACRES. BUSHELS. Corn 5,721 188,900 Spring Wheat 24 400 Oats 4,822 175,170 Rye 2 60 Buckwheat 7 126 Irish Potatoes 208 15,170 Apple Orchard 262 Flaxseed 125 POUNDS. Grapes ; 1,500 TONS. Timothy Meadow 2,395 3,050 Clover Meadow 30 30 Prairie Meadow 1,865 2,380 Pasture 1,664 (not including woodland.) Fat Sheep sold 145 — average weight, 90 lbs. per head. Fat Cattle, " 244 " " 1,000 " " Fat Hogs " 867 " " 250 " " No of Hogs died of Cholera 316 " " 100 " No. of Cows kept 835 Pounds of Butter sold 25,780 Gallons of Milk sold 185,150 ,V r^.'vail;^ . ■ «, > \ t J. ^ ^Y/^^y d/'^^ JOLI^T HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 511 John W. McGovney, a son of John McGovney, noticed as the first settler of this township, was the first white child born in the settlement. He was born in the Spring of 1832, just before the settler left the place for the Wabash settlements, at the beginning of the Sac war. As to the first death and mar- riage, the few survivors of the early days, are somewhat uncertain as to who they were, or when they occurred. The first physician who practiced the healing art in the neighborhood was Dr. Moses Porter, of Hadlcy ; Dr. W. P. Holden was the first resident physician in the township, and practiced many years, but has at length retired and given the field to younger men. The first mill was built by Matthew A^an Home, about lS.35-36, and was originally a saw-mill only, but a run of stones was afterward added, for grind- ing corn. A saw-mill was built prior to this by Denny, but it was a saw-mill only. A store was opened, in 1836, by 0. & L. M. Clayes, which was the first mercantile effort in the township. They continued in the business for eight or ten years, when they closed out, and one M. C. Farewell opened a store in the same house they had occupied. The latter did business under the firm name of Farewell & Case. Case lived in Chicago, and furnished the goods, and Fare- well conducted the store. A post office was established in 1837, with L. M. Clayes as Postmaster one of the merchants mentioned above. The name of the office A\as Chelsea, and after the Clayes Brothers discontinued their store, the office was moved to Van Home's, and he was made Postmaster, an office he held until some years after the post office had been moved to the new village of Frankfort, as noticed hereafter. When the office was first established, the mail was brought by "horse express fast line" from La Porte, Ind., to Joliet once a week. A village was laid out here in 1848-49 by Charles Clayes and M. C. Farewell, which was called Chelsea. The former owned the premises, and the place had some show of becoming quite a town ; but upon the completion of the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad it was abandoned, and the last traces of it have now disappeared. The first sermon preached in the town was perhaps by Father Beggs, who, as noticed in other parts of this work, Avas one of the pioneer preachers of the county. The Rev. Mr. Blackwell, another of the early Methodist itinerants, formed a class at Mr. Doty's about 1836 or 1837, just over the line in New Lenox Township, but at that day was included in this settlement, or this was included in that, and all known as the Hickory Creek Settlement. Mr. Dotv's residence was a regular preaching-place until the era of schoolhouses, as there was no church edifice built until after the village of Frankfort was laid out. There is but one church-building in the town outside of the villages — the German Lutheran Church^-which is located about three miles northeast of Frankfort village. It was built in 1877 ; is a neat frame building, costing about ^^1,500, and has quite a flourisliing membership. The church history will be attain referred to in the history of the villages. The first schools taught in the town 512 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. were by Mrs. Knight and Mrs. Hiram Wood, but to which belongs the honor of teaching the first, no one can now tell. They both taught in a little log schoolhouse, which stood on Section 19, built for school purposes, but afterward converted into a dwelling. The school facilities have somewhat increased since then, and will compare favorably with any town in the county. In 1872, we find there were ten districts and nine schoolhouses. There Avere 652 pupils enrolled, and fifteen teachers employed, with two graded schools in addition to the common schools. The amount paid teachers was $2,724.90, leaving balance in treasury of $2,818.14. Further notice of the schools will be made in connec- tion with the history of the villages of Frankfort Township. The first Justices of the Peace were Thomas Lang and Matthew Van Home. Lang had the precedence by a few years, and after his term Van Home dealt out justice to the offenders of the law. The present township officers are John McDonald, Super- visor; J. S. Claus and George Morgan, Justices of the Peace; John Cappel, Town Clerk, and Moriz Weiss, School Treasurer. In 1852, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad was built through the town. The first freight shipped over the road was consigned to Ambrose Doty and Isaac Francis, and consisted of a couple of car-loads of lumber. There were no stations, and when the railroad men asked where they should put it off", were told anywhere in the township, said they could leave it one place as well as another, and put it off" near the present village of Mokena. In 1855, the " Cut-Off"," or Joliet Division of the Michigan Central was completed through, and the town has since been blest with unbounded railroad facilities. These roads were built- without aid from the township, and so were independent of the town, and the town of them. There has, we believe, been another road projected, and, per- haps, partly graded, but has been dropped or discontinued. But as the railroada of the county are extensively noticed in the general history, we will pass with- out further mention of them here. The cheese-factory of Messrs. Baumgartner & Co. is an extensive establish- ment. It is owned by a stock company, consisting of John and Jacob Baum- gartner, George Geuther, Francis Maue and E. Higgens. They have an excel- lent brick factory with stone basement, built at a cost of $6,000. It is about two miles north of Frankfort village, and was built in 1875. The manufacture of butter and cheese is carried on rather largely, but not to the full capacity of the factory, owing to the lack of material. About $10,000 is the amount of business annually, but much more could be done if a greater supply of milk could be obtained. This township was named by Mr. Cappel, an old German citizen, for Frank- fort-on-the-Main, his native place, a name it has always borne. The town is largely Republican, and has always been so. It is remembered by many that at one period of its history there were not half a dozen Democratic votes in the entire town. But the latter party has gained some strength in the last few years, and the National Greenback party at present bids fair to create a revolu- HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 513 tion in its political record. The war history, like all portions of Will County, is good, and many brave soldiers are accredited to this township. THE VILLAGE OF MOKENA. Mokena is situated on the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad, about ten miles east of Joliet. The original village was laid out in 1852, before the Rail- road was fully completed, by Allen Denny. An addition was made to it soon after, by John McGovney, which was surveyed by A. J. Matthewson, County Surveyor. Knapp & Smith put up the first building, which was used for the double purpose of store and dwelling, and they were the first merchants in the place. The first hotel was built by Charles Gall, in 1853, and was the next next building erected after Knapp k Smith's store, which had been put up in the Winter of 1851-52, before the village was laid out and before the Railroad was completed. William McCoy built the first blacksmith-shop, in the Winter of 1853-54. Ozias McGovney was the first Justice of the Peace in the villa-hip organiza- tion, in 1850, Joiin Miller was elected the first Supervisor of Du Page. Since then, the following have served in that capacity for the years given in connec- tion with their names : A. C. Paxson, 1851-52 ; R. W. Smith, 1853-54 ; H. Boardman, 1855 ; E. D. Eaton, 1856 ; A. C. Paxson, 1857 ; T. H. Abbott, 1858-59; B. B. Clarke, 1860; J. P. King, 1861; Robert Strong, 1862; B. B. Clarke, 1863; E. Virgil, 1864; R. W. Smith, 1865-67; A. Godfrey, 1868; J. P. King, 1860; John Royce, from 1870 until succeeded by the present incumbent, Thomas Williams. The dairy business receives considerable attention in this town. The quantity of milk produced is, perhaps, greater than in any other township of the county. Besides the amount consumed at the two factories, a great deal is shipped to Chicago from Romeo Station, just on the line between Lockport and Du Page, and which is said to be one of the best milk stations on the Chicago & Alton Railroad. The oldest cheese-factory in the town is the one near Barber's Cor- ners. It was built originally at Lemont by a man named Hess, from Plain- field. A company was organized at Barber's Corners about 1870, who bought the factory and moved it from Lemont to its present location. Last Spring, it "was bought by S. R. Richardson, and has cost him about $2,000. It is a frame building with a brick basement, and its arranojements for cheese-makinir are complete in every detail. He makes up the milk of his patrons on shares, and is, at the present time, making, upon an average, eight cheeses per day, with a "constantly increasing business. The factory of Sylvester Ward was built at Sprague's Corners in the Spring of 1877, and is a large and commodious estab- lishment. It is a substantial frame with stone basement, and cost $3,000. It is being operated by Hannibal Ward,- a brother of the owner, who is said to be an experienced cheese-maker. They have hitherto been making up the milk on shares for their patrons, but have recently commenced buying milk, and also manufacturing at a certain compensation. As stated in the introduction of this chapter, Du Page is pi-airie land, with the exception of a few sections of timber along the Du Page River, and a small grove in the southeast corner of the town. The prairie is of the finest and most productive. When white people first began to settle here, they found the prairie teeming with wild flowers, their beauty and fragrance surpassing all that they had ever dreamed of floral loveliness. Some of the more romantic of them say, that it seemed as if the whole earth had been converted into green grass, blue sky, blossoming flowers and glorious sunshine. This beautiful valley of the Du Page was originally called Fountaindale, from the numerous springs 636 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. to be found along the margin of the Du Page River. But upon the adoption of township organization, in the process of naming the towns, Du Page was- deemed an appropriate title for this, owing to the fact that the two branches of the Du Page River are united within its borders. Thus the pretty and roman- tic name of Fountaindale was discarded for the less euphonious one of Du Page. During the Sac war, the few whites then living in Du Page, were forced to seek safety in flight. Some of them went to " Fort Beggs," and some to the fort or blockhouse at Naperville. But when the clouds of war blew over and the olive-branch of peace was held out, they returned to their deserted homes and redoubled their eflforts to open and improve their claims. Politically, Du Page is Republican ; but from the information gathered of its early history, we are of opinion that in the days of Whigs and Democrats, it gave its majorities to the latter party. Its record during the war was patriotic, and many of its citizens shouldered their muskets and marched to the front, and risked their lives for the Union they loved. WHEATLAND TOWNSHIP. Wheatland is tlie northwest township of Will County, with Kendall and Du Page Counties on the west and north ; Du Page Township on the east, and Plainfield Township on the south. It is described as Town 37 north, Range 9 east of the Third Principal Meridian, and at the last census contained 1,133 inhabitants. It is watered by the Du Page River and its branches ; the former entering its territory at the northeast corner, flows through it a little west of south. It is wholly prairie, having but a few acres of timber, and, like the surrounding lands of Plainfield and Du Page, is the finest farming and grain sec- tion of the county. There are no villages or railroads cutting up and marring its beautiful surface, and the snort of the iron horse is never heard, save as faint echoes of his voice float over the prairies from the distance. Rev. Isaac G. Foster is supposed to have been the first permanent settler in Wheatland Township. He came from Watertown, N. Y., and settled here in 1837. It is scarcely known at the present day whether Mr. Foster was a minister or not, although the prefix of Rev. is used, and he was generally termed "Priest " Foster. There are none, however, who remember to have heard him preach. He now sleeps with his fathers. Chester Ingersoll, who first settled in Plainfield Township, settled in Wheatland about the year 1839. He laid off the village of Plainfield, as mentioned in that part of this work, and as his history is there given at some length, we deem it unnecessary to repeat it here. Joseph B. Wightman came from Rome, N. Y., and settled in Plainfield in 1838. In 1840, he removed to Wheatland/Township, being the third family to settle in this town. Previous to his settlement in Plainfield, Mr. Wightman had lived in Kendall County, where he settled in 1834, upon his first arrival in the West. George Wightman, a son of his, set*-led also in Wheatland at the same time. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 537 where he resided until 1805, when lie removed into Lockport Township, and located on the farm known as the Sisson Place, west of the village of Lockport. Mr. Wightman married the youngest daughter of that old pioneer, Holder Sisson, whose history is fully given in the history of Lockport. His father and mother are still living in Du Page Township, rather feeble and aged, and the former quite deaf. A man known as "Hoosier " Smith settled in Wheatland the next year after the Wightmans, on Spring Brook, and in a few years moved away ; of him very little is remembered, as he remained but a short time ; he was probably from Indiana, however, as he Avent by the name of "Hoosier" Smith. Another settler of 1841, was David Cheeny, from Massachusetts, and a man named Eddy. It is not known where Eddy came from, nor where he lives at present, Cheeny had settled in Plainfield before coming to this section, as did several other families, who became residents of Wheatland Township. L. G. Colgrove settled in this township in 1839, and, in 1840 and 1841, several other families were added to the scattered settlement of Wheatland ; among them, Simeon B. Tyler and Anthony Freeland. In 1843 and 1844, they came in still more rapidly, including quite a colony from the "banks and braes" of "Auld Scotia" dear, among whom may be numbered the McMickens and Clows, who are more extensively noticed in the general history of the county. This year, there were also added the families of William and A. B. Cotton, James and John Bobbins, and many others. In fact, they were coming in at this time in such numbers that it was not an easy matter to keep trace of them. From the dates above given, it will be seen that Wheatland is recently set- tled, as compared to other portions of Will County. That it was not settled until so long after other sections, is due to the fact that it is all prairie. We v/ere informed by Bobert Clow that the entire township contained but about five acres of timbered land ; and at the time of the first settlements made in this part of Illinois, there were no such things known in the W^est as board or wire fences, and as stock was allowed to run at large, people were forced to put rail fences around their cultivated lands. Thus it was that the timbered land was taken up before the prairie, and for years the latter was deemed unfit for any- thing but pasturage, while many were of the opinion that they would never be cultivated. The old Indian boundary or trail, mentioned in another page, passes through this township, and was visible long after settlements were made. Bobert Clow says it passed through his father's farm, and showed plainly for years after they came to the country. Perhaps no township in Will County has a more diversified population than Wheatland ; very nearly half of it are Pennsylvania Dutch and their descend- ants, while the remainder rank as follows, viz. : Forty American families, forty Scotch families, twenty-four English families, with two or three families of Irish or French nationalities ; and we may add. that many of the model farmers of the county are to be found in Wheatland Township. Their handsome residences, the neat and tasty manner in which their farms are kept, and the care and attention 538 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. bestowed on fine stock, all denote first-class farmers. We were told that the finest farm lands in the county are embraced in ten miles square in this corner, including Wheatland, a part of Du Page and Plainfield Townships ; and having been pretty well all over the county, we are quite willing to indorse the statement. There are no villages in Wheatland Township, as already stated, nor mills, and, in fact, the town contains very little of historic interest beyond its actual settlement, and the enterprise and energy of its "sturdy yeo- manry." The first birth in Wheatland is supposed to have been Levi B. Wightman. There are some, however, who are of opinion that it was a daughter of Mrs. Russell, formerly Mrs. Ingersoll. Just which is entitled to the preference, we are unable to say, but think it safe to say that both were first — that is to say, the first two. The first death was a child of E. T. Durant. It, at least, was the first burial in the public cemetery, located at the schoolhouse near East Wheat- land Post OiEce. The death of an elderly lady of the name of Coburn is remembered by some of the citizens as taking place at quite an early day ; but ■whether it was previous to that of the child mentioned, could not be determined, nor much information obtained in regard to her in any way. The first marriage was, probably, Rufus B. Olmstead to Juliet Foster, a daughter of "Priest" Poster, as the people called him. The date of the wedding is not remembered, neither is the name of him who united the happy couple. The first schools taught in the township were on Sections 5 and 13, and there is some controversy as to which was taught first ; but the preponderance of evidence, as the lawyers say, we believe is in favor of that on Section 5. However, they were taught very nearly at the same time, and in 1846 or 1847. There is another report of a school, believed by some to have been taught prior to these, by a Miss Elizabeth Hoag. She, it is said, taught a school in a pri- vate house belonging to Ira B. Thomas, on Section 26, before the building of schoolhouses. If so, it was probably the first taught in the town. At the present time, Wheatland will compare favorably with any part of the county as to the excellent character of its schools. At the close of the school year of 1872, the Superintendent of Schools reported ten schools and an equal number of houses, and 868 pupils enrolled. Twenty teachers were employed; five dis- tricts had libraries, containing a total of 156 volumes. The amount of special tax for the support of schools was $2,176.03 ; amount paid teachers, $2,257.80 ; total expenditure for the year, $3,573.12, leaving a balance in the treasury of $620.06. Thus it will be seen that the schools of the town are in a flourishing condition, well supported and well patronized. The first Justices of the Peace in Wheatland Township were Robert Clow, the present efiicient Circuit Clerk of Will County, and Edward Lilly, but as Mr. Lilly declined to qualify, Mr. Clow was really the first officiating Justice. The present Justices of the Peace are John McMicken and Augustus B. Cotton. Other township officers are, A. S. Brown, Town Clerk ; Franklin Boardman, HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 539 School Treasurer, and John McMicken, Supervisor. When the county adopted township organization, in 1850, D. W. Cropsey was elected first Super- visor, and served during the years 1850 and 1851. Since his time, the list of Supervisors and their terras of oflice have been as follows: S. Simmons, 1852-53 ; F. Boardman, 1854-56 ; Robert Clow, 1857 ; S. Simmons, 1858-60 : Robert Clow, 1861-76 inclusive, when he was elected Circuit Clerk of the county, and John McMicken, the present incumbent succeeded him. Mr. Clow has served his township and county in various offices, in all of which he has acquitted himself with credit, and Ave should take this opportunity of giving him an extended notice, but know that his modesty and good sense shrink from such notoriety. Hence, we pass without further allusion. The first regular preacher, unless we except "Priest" Foster, was the Rev. Mr. Oburn, who sometimes preached at the house of Mr. Finley,- in the south- Tvest part of the town, on Section 30, about the year 1846 or 1847, but what denomination he claimed, we do not know. The first church was built by the United Presbyterians, in 1855, and was erected on Section 19. It is a substan- tial frame building, and cost about $1,500. The Rev. James Buchanon is the present Pastor, and has a large and flourishing membership and Sunday school «nder his charge. In 1864, the German Lutherans built a church on Section 14, which is quite an elegant edifice, costing $3,100. It has a flouri>*hing membership, and a large Sunday school for a country church. The first Directors, or Trustees, were Jacob Fry and John Leppert, Sr. The first meet- ings were held at their houses. The first clergyman to preach to them was Rev. Mr. Leisman. In 1863, land was deeded to the Church by Robert Clow. Jr., and wife, and the present building was erected. Their first Pastor was Rev. Ernest Buhre, who remained with them until his death, which occurred in 1877. He was a man much beloved by his people. Rev. William Uffen- back succeeded him in the pulpit. The present Directors are Jacob Fry, Rich- ard Weinhold, John Smidt, Joseph Smidt and Frederick Stultz. The following story is told of an old German citizen and member of this Church. About the •close of the war, when greenbacks were plenty, and fears manifested by some of those who always experience all their woes in anticipation, that greenbacks were of little value, this old German friend concluded to invest as many super- fluous greenbacks in the church as possible. So, with this idea in view, he started out on a tour of collecting, or begging, to obtain money for the purpose of adding a steeple and bell to their church, and used for his strongest plea the instability of greenbacks, or the uncertainty of their long remaining of value. In 1868, the German Evangelical Association, or German Methodists, built a church on Section 17, at a cost of between $2,500 and $3,000. It is a hand- some frame building, well finished, and presents a modern appearance. A flourishing Church and Sunday school are maintained, and ably supported by the German citizens of this part of the town. Wheatland has several pretty little cemeteries, which are kept in good order, and show much respect for the 5i0 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. beloved dead. There are two on Section 14, one at the schoolhouse, one at the German Lutheran Church, and another on Section 8. The first post office established in the township was called East Wheatland, but what year we were unable to learn. It is located on Section 1";3, and Tam- arack Post Office was established some vears later in the southwest corner of the town. There is a store at Tamarack Post Office, the only institution of the kind maintained in the entire township. In the early times, prior to township organ- ization, Wheatland was known as Oregon Precinct, But in the process of naming the townships, as " made and provided " by law, this was called Wheatland by a man from the Empire State, whose native place was called Wheatland, and the name has been retained ever since. Politically, Wheatland Township at the present day, is largely Republican, perhaps three-fourths of its voters supporting that ticket. Before the organi- zation of the Republican party, however, it was probably Democratic ; but as in many other sections of the country, it has changed its base, politically speak- ing, in the last decade or two of years. During the late war, Wheatland did its duty equally well with other portions of Will County. Its citizens waited no urging ; that the old flag had been defied by rebels and traitors, was suffi- cient incentive to send them to the army by the score. But as the deeds of the Will County soldiery have already been written, we shall not repeat them here. The recent settlements of Wheatland Township, and the absence of any- thing like towns or villages, leaves but little here to write about, or to make history. It is now pretty thickly settled, and that by an intelligent and ener- getic class of people, with excellent schools and churches. It has good roads- and a number of substantial wooden bridges, but these are of such modern date as to be hardly considered an interesting matter of history. Then, with these brief pages, we will leave it for some future historian to do it more ample justice. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. This is one of the earliest settled townships in the county, the date of it& first settlement being almost coincident with that of Chicago. Chicago was laid out August 4, 1830, and the first settlement was male at Reed's Grove six months later. This grove being situated at the corners of Jackson, Channahon, Wilmington and Florence Townships, has given rise to no little misunderstand- ing as to the location of some of the early settlers of this vicinity ; and we shall not be surprised if some of our statements do not receive immediate indorse- ment. Several parties, or colonies, who settled in the Grove, though in the immediate neighborhood, since township lines have been established have proved to be in difierent townships. This fact also makes the narration of events in one township, without at the same time bringing in the history of other town- ships, quite difficult; and a small amount of repetition will therefore' be necessary. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 541 Reed's Grove received its earliest white settler in 1831. At that time, Indians were plenty in this part of the State, and the Grove was one of their favorite resorts and dwelling-places. The territory now embraced in these townships was occupied by the tribe or nation called Pottawatomies. The rela- tions between these people and their early white neighbors were of the most friendly character. They hunted, visited and drank together, as peaceably as the more modern occupants of the county. To Charles Reed belongs the credit of being the first settler, not only of Jackson Township, but of the grove which still bears his name. Reed was a man of energy and spirit. He had a family of grown up children, some of whom were already married ; and, being desirous of seeing them settled in homes of their own, such as he was unable to provide for them in the older settled States — he resolved to emigrate to this place. Accordingly, he with his two sons-in-law, Charles Koons and Eli Shoemaker, and Joseph Shoemaker (brother of Eli), set out for this place in the early Spring of 1831, and reached the grove March 2 of that year. At that time, but few families had settled in the whole section now embraced in Will County. Dwellers at a distance of twenty-five miles were considered neighbors. Joseph Shoemaker, though mentioned here as a member of this settlement or colony, did not in reality settle in Jackson Township. He is usually accredited as the first settler of Wilmington Township ; but this, too, seems to be an error, as his cabin was just on the north side of the line subsequently located between Wilmington and Chan- nahon. Reed, with the balance of his family, removed from the township more than twenty-five years ago, and while the country was yet indeed new. George Kirkpatrick and brother and James Hemphill lacked but a few months of being the first. They came from Ohio, and settled here in May following the advent of Reed. Of these, George Kirkpatrick still resides in the township, but the other two are dead. James Hemphill died in 1863. During the Spring of the next year, two new companies settled in the town- ship. Wesley Jenkins, Thomas Underwood — brother-in-law of Jenkins — and Jefferson Ragsdale were from North Carolina. Of the "Jenkins Colony," as it was called, none are left, all having removed to other parts. Jenkins was quite a character — a very loud and emphatic-spoken man, and a great admirer of Gen. Jackson, whose gloiy was then at its height. It is related that when the matter of naming the creek, which traverses the township, and from which it is named, was under consideration, Jenkins swore with violent gesture that no personage was worthy of the name but the " Hero of New Orleans," and Jackson it was called. A Methodist Church was organized in this neighborhood at a very early date, and one of its members felt that he was " called to preach." Some doubted the genuineness of the calling, amongst whom was this profane Jenkins, who accounts for the preacher's determination to proclaim the Gospel, by saying that it was his custom to go out early every morning to feed his hogs, and in 542 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Stentorian tones, which might be mistaken for Gabriel, to call his pigs to their morning meal. On one occasion, he says, while performing this work in the dim light of the approaching morning, he observed running with the hogs, with hymn book in hand, this self-styled preacher, who, he avers, had mistaken his voice for the "call to preach." Indeed, the conduct of the preacher, as subsequently developed, has gone far toward verifying Jenkins' story, the preacher having long since fallen from grace. Jenkins was the life of all the house and barn raisings, and enlivened all of the husking and other " bees " with his peculiar, though sometimes profane, jokes. The Linebarger colony arrived here from Indiana the same Spring with Jenkins. The company consisted of Henry, John, George and Lewis. The last named, however, settled in the town of Florence, a short distance from the others. They were also Carolinians, and had left there years before and had resided for a time in Indiana, near the Wabash. Of these, Henry Line- barger lived here but four years, dying here in 1836. George Linebarger is now a resident of the village of Elwood. He has been a very useful citizen, a leader in the Methodist Church, and one of its most pious members. He is now in poor health, and waits but for a short time to take up his residence in another and better country. John Linebarger, though he came to the township at the date named, returned to Indiana a few weeks later, and did not make the township his permanent home until 1850. He now resides in Elwood, and is engaged in the grain business. Peter Eib, with his three sons, George, Levi and Augustus, was from the State of Virginia. The elder Eib was very fond of his gun, and an excellent marksman. He found here plenty of game on which to practice his skill. It was not an uncommon thing to see from fifty to one hundred deer in a single drove. Turkeys, wolves and other game were so plenty as to make them almost a nuisance. Mr. Eib passed away years ago, but his sons still remain and are amongst the best citizens of the community. In 1832, emigration to these parts, and indeed to all Northern and Western Illinois, received a very severe check. Previously, the whites and red men had been on the best of terms ; and especially in this region there seemed to be no jealousies existing between the two races. Land and game were so plenty, and the white settlers were so few, that the Indians here did not feel as though their rights were being encroached upon. And then again, the tribes dwelling in this part of the State were of a more civilized character than some others. Indeed, some of the leaders or chiefs were so much so that when the proposition to build the Michigan & Illinois Canal was being agitated, they were not only willing to have the improvement made, but gave it all the encouragement they could; and it is said that among the first acts of Congress relating to the proj- ect there is a clause permitting the free use of the Canal forever to these people. However, before the completion of the work, the stealthy stroke of the Indian's paddle, propelling his canoe, had ceased. The causes which led HISTORY OF WILL COUNTV. 543 to their removal were just beginning to take shape, when the emigrants whose names have been given had barely completed their journey. Black Hawk, of whom mention is made on pages 74-79, and his followers and allies had become restless and jealous of the white people, who were in that part of the country steadily encroaching on both the real and fancied rights of their red brethren. These jealousies eventually broke out into actual conflict, and the State and national military were called out to quell the deadly trouble that seemed to be rising. Of course, great excitement prevailed everywhere, and in sparsely- settled neighborhoods like this, with no commensurate means of resistance at hand, and with a people in their midst who, though professing friendship, were yet known to be of a treacherous nature, the most serious apprehensions were entertained. In this state of fear and anxiety the inhabitants of this vicinity were living when, about the latter part of May, 1832, news was brought to the neighborhood of the massacre of several families and the capture and abduction of two young ladies near Ottawa. In those days, this was considered only an adjacent neighborhood, and very naturally the alarm created in this place was intense. A meeting of all the citizens was immediately called, and it was quickly resolved that, in consideration of their utter inability to repel an attack, it was best to remove to the more thickly settled country on the Wabash, whence many of them had formerly emigrated. Accordingly, on the following night at 10 o'clock, there were found nearly twenty wagons and teams gathered at Five-Mile Grove prepared to start. At about the time fixed for their departure they were joined by some parties who reported the Indians approach- ing. This precipitated their flight, and great confusion prevailed. One man had loaned his ox-yoke, and had sent for it, as he could not harness his cattle without it ; but Avhen the announcement Avas made that the enemy were near, he snatched a rail from the fence, and with a half-dozen strokes of the ax fash- ioned it into a substitute, which in a moment more was bound on the necks of his oxen with withes of hickory, as quickly cut from the brush, and he was one of the first to start for the Wabash, It had been intended to take the cattle and all of their household goods ; but so great was their hurry that everything of the kind was left behind. The gads were applied to the hides of the oxen, and the flight was as rapid as possible. Their way lay through the townships of Manhattan, VV^ilton and Rockville, crossing the Kankakee at one of its fords. After traveling some miles, finding that they were not pursued, two of the men determined to return and bring forward the stock which had been left behind. However, when they came to the settlement no stock could be found, having wandered ofi" into the woods. One of the men then bethought him of a bag of maple sugar which had but recently been manufactured from the sap of trees which grew here. Throwing this across his horse, he, with his companion, set out to overtake the main party. They had traveled but a few miles Avhen they perceived, at a distance, two real Indians rapidly following them. They very naturally conjectured that 544 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. these were only scouts of a large party of human butchers, and put spurs to their horses. On looking back, they found that the Indians were pursuing them rapidly. The bag of sugar was a real burden and diflBcult to carry, so it was allowed to slip to the ground. Thus relieved, horses and riders dashed forward with increased rapidity. Indians are notoriously fond of sugar, and this was quite a prize, and, as they stopped to examine, taste and eat, the pursued parties left their would-be captors far behind. As they came up with their friends, they were just crossing the Kankakee. As soon as the report that they were being pur- sued had spread to the company, confusion was worse than confounded, and the alarm vented itself in the shrieks of the women, the cries of the children and the curses of the men, mingled with the bellowing of the sharply goaded oxen. One team seemed to partake of the excitement, but instead of rushing for the other side, stood stock still, unable to move. The driver, in his desperation, believ- ing the wagon mired, hastily unhitched the oxen from the load, and, placing his wife, who was the other occupant of the wagon, on one ox, he bestrode the other, and, applying the lash with renewed vigor, they gained the other shore and soon overtook the train. The relation of such incidents, at this date, causes no little merriment, but at the time of their occurrence were very serious indeed. Even those who were participants tell the story of " Five-Mile Massacre," and laugh heartily ; though it is said that the hero of the bag of sugar was ever afterward quite sensitive on that point, and, although a man of piety, no man could say " sugar" to him without running great risk of being knocked down. On the evening of the second day, having found that the last incident related was only a scare from some friendly Pottawatomies, the party halted, and it was proposed to have supper and a night's rest. But here, again, were enacted the scenes of the crossing of the Kankakee. Just as the fires had began to blaze, preparatory to cooking the much-needed meal, a horseman galloped into camp and stopped just long enough to say that the Indians were after them in ear- nest. Thus, their supper and sleep were dispensed with, and not until three nights and days had passed did they stop long enough to take a nap, or eat, except as they fled. After several days more of travel, during which they received no further alarms, they reached Danville, whence they learned troops had been sent to take care of the savages, and all fear and anxiety were at an end. Soon after, Black Hawk and his people were removed to the other side of the Mississippi River ; and, all fear of molestation having passd, most of the former residents of this neighborhood returned. They found the most of their cattle and hogs, and their crops were unmolested. The cows, however, "had gone dry," and the corn was sadly in need of cultivation. The wagon was recovered from the bed of the Kankakee, and even the greater part of the bag of sugar was restored by the hand of one of the friendly red men, who had only pursued them to inform them that there was not the least danger. In the Fall of 1832, arrived Jacob and Joseph Zumalt. The Zumalts removed to Cal- ifornia some years ago. They were natives of Ohio. •v.--. Betsey Parker Holden (deceased) FRANKFORT TP. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 547 The most systematic and extensive, and at the same time one of the most important, settlements of this part of the county was made in 1834. This colony consisted of 11. J. Boylan, Peter Brown and two sons — John and Ara — and Smith Johnson. These parties were from New Jensey, and came well prepared, and with a full understanding of the enterprise in which they were embarking. Most pioneers in those days " pulled up stakes," as the saying was, and moved with but little previous knowledge of the country to which they were going. In many cases they were guided by unreliable reports, sometimes seemingly by instinct and sometimes entirely by accident. But in the case of Boylan and his company, the greatest care was taken. Maps were consulted, the most reliable reports were procured and read, and all of the information obtainable Avas procured and used. R. J. Boylan, a practical surveyor and a man of excellent judgment, was sent forward to select, survey and locate the land. He came to this neighborhood, and having located twenty-one eighties, or 1,680 acres, notified the balance of the colony, who came on at once, and occupied the land. Hardly a finer selection could be made than this, consisting of land on, and in the vicinity of, Jackson Creek. Of the original colonists, only Mr. Boylan remains. Mr. Boylan has been a very active man, having been identified with almost every enterprise of any consequence in this section of the country. He has held many positions of honor and trust, among which may be named that of County Surveyor and Township Treasurer, the latter of which he has occupied for the last sixteen years. In consequence of this activity, united with strictly temperate habits, he now enjoys, at an advanced age, per- fect health and the exercise of his full mental faculties. His house is the onlv stone dwelling in the township, and is situated on the bank of the fine little stream named in honor of the " Hero of New Orleans." Though the origi- nal Browns and Johnson have passed away, they have left behind numerous descendants and kindred, who occupy the old and original selections, as made in 1834. Henry Watkins and sons, Henry, Jr., Benjamin and Peter, arrived from New York in 1834. None of this family now reside here, all having moved away. About the last-named date, a schoolhouse was built at Reed's Grove, and Henry Watkins was employed to teach the first school therein. Edward Kirk was also one of the oldest settlers in this part of the county. He had come to the county a year or two previous to his settling in Jackson in 1835. Mrs. Adaline Grant is one of the oldest residents of the county, bavins: lived here about forty-five years. She is now a resident of El wood. The Indian scare having blown over, the country began now to settle quite rapidly. Many soldiers who came with Gen. Scott in 1832, to assist in subdu- ing the Indians, afterward came to the State to reside. Through their descrip- tions of the country, many more were induced to emigrate. The px'oposed canal doubtless had much to do with the settlement of this region. 548 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. As in all pioneer towns and neighborhoods, so in this, there was that notable feature of roughness, and yet accompanying it was universal kindness and hos- pitality ; so that, while the old settlers are willing to admit an improvement in. the manners and qjorals of the people, they are wont to disclaim against the lack of sympathy and brotherly feeling as compared with the times when their nearest neighbor lived miles away. In those times, they say, if any one was sick, everybody within a radius of twenty miles knew and manifested the deep- est interest. Did one of the pioneers die, his funeral was attended by every inhabitant of the country, and births and marriages were subjects of universal congratulation. If a house or barn were to be raised, every man in the neigh- borhood was invited to assist and stay to dinner ; and if, perchance, a neighbor were overlooked in the invitation, it was taken as cause for serious affront. Newspapers were not so plenty as now, and in the pioneer settlements a copy was seldom seen. Indeed only one small weekly was published in Chicago prior to 1835, and it was a number of years after that when a few copies began to find their way to this neighborhood. Not until about 1840, was a post-route established through this part of the county, so that the settlement was in a measure isolated from the balance of the world. As before stated, about 1840, a post-route from Joliet to Danville was established, and an ofifice was located on Jackson Creek. James Gager was first Postmaster, and kept the office at his house. Though a great convenience to the community, it was a great nui- sance to its keeper ; and consequently it had a precarious kind of migratory ex- istence of about fifteen years, until it was finally permanently located at Elwood, on the completion of the railroad and the location of that town. The township of Jackson was one of the first to organize in 1850 as a sep- arate precinct. A large number of the present townships contained such a limited number of inhabitants that it was found necessary to attach them to others until they should be strong enough for separate organization. The first election was held April 2, 1850 ; but who the first officers were, or who have been their successors, is not so clearly remembered that we feel safe in giving them ; and as the township records were destroyed in the Elwood fire in 1874, the names are therefore not obtainable. The names ot the present officers are : Henry Spangler, Supervisor ; Jona- than Hougham, Collector ; Francis Shearn, Assessor ; Albert Linebarger, Clerk ; P. F. Dooley and Joseph Tehle, Justices of the Peace ; Robert Barnes, Constable ; R. J. Boylan, Jacob Palmer and Cyrus Hemphill, Commissioners of Highways, and R. J. Boylan, School Treasurer. From the very first, the inhabitants of this township have manifested more than an ordinary interest in those two reforming and elevating influences — religion and education. Hardly had the early pioneers unloaded their wagons before religious services of a public character were performed. Like the Puri- tans, when they had but just disembarked from the Mayflower, they fell down on their knees and thanked God for tlieir safe journey through the trackless HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 549 waste. As early as 1833, an organization for religious purposes was effected. This consisted of a Methodist class, of which William Thornburg was appointed First Leader. Tiiis little organization was what has since developed into the El wood M. E. Church. From a paper prepared and read before the Elwood Church, by Rev. G. J. Kinne, we are permitted to lay before our readers a com- plete though brief history of this oldest Church in the township and one of the oldest in the county. Soon after the establishing of the class alluded to, a schoolhouse was built in the vicinity, and in this services were held for a number of years. Among the old pioneer preachers who visited the place and preached to the people, are mentioned the names of Jesse Walker, John Sinclair, S. R. Begf^s, S. H. Stocking and others. Under their preaching, the Church prospered and o-rew in numbers, influence and wealth until, in 1852, they found themselves able to build a house of worship. The site selected was nearly a mile west of the vil- lage and of its present location. The cost of the building was |1,800. In 1866, it was determined to remove the building to the village. It was thought that the location at the Grove, on account of the growing village at so short a distance, was not the most suitable site for an increasing membership. Dur- ing the migration of the house which so many had learned to love, meetings were held in it daily. Like the travels of the tabernacle, which the Israelites carried from Egypt to the land of Canaan, the journey of the old church was consecrated from its beginning to its end by the prayers and praises of the peo- ple. By October of the year named, the house had been remodeled and was complete for re-dedication. At present, the building, inside and out, presents a neat and attractive appearance, and will afford accommodations for about two hundred and fifty sittings. The next year after the removal, this branch was made a separate charcre. The organization has continued to increase in numbers and importance. The membership is about one hundred, of whom William Clark is present Pastor. In connection with the Church is a flourishing Sunday school, under the Super- intendence of William Nicholson. The school numbers about one hundred members. The Baptist Church of Elwood was built in 1859, at a cost of about f!2,000. Rev. Mr. Renfrew was the first preacher. For some years past, the society has not been in the most flourishing condition, and at times the buildinor has been closed. At present, services are held tAvice each month, by Rev. Mr. Bradbier of Gardner. A Sunday school is in operation, with Bateman Lloyd as Super- intendent. The membership of the Church is about fifty, and of the Sunday school, about as many. In 1863, the Reformed Lutherans of this township living in the vicinitv of Jackson Creek organized and built a neat little church on the southwest cor- ner of Section 15, at a cost of ^1,200. Rev. Rufus Smith, Edward Loomis S. Bosley, Henry and Christopher Lichtenwater and Christopher Faut were 550 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. amongst the leading projectors of the work. Rev. Smith was the first preacher, and for a time labored in this corner of the Lord's vineyard with good accept- ance ; but, by and by, his opinions in regard to the subject of religion under- went a change, and with him coincided many of his flock, and it was decided to abandon the organization. Accordingly, about five years after the house was built, the congregation assembled and a motion was made and carried that the house be " deeded to the Lord," and that tie look after its interest in the future. The instrument was drawn up in due form and regularly signed, but whether delivered or recorded we are not permitted to know. Since that event, the house has been occupied irregularly by different denominations; at present by the Methodists, Rev. Olif Morse conducting the sei'vices. The United Brethren have held religious services in the northeastern part of the township for over twenty-five years. In 1865, they erected, on the north- east corner of Section 11, their present house of worship, at a cost of ^2,000. The building is a neat frame, 30 feet in width by 45 feet in length, and will seat one hundred and fifty to two hundred persons. Rev. Mr. Marglist is present Pastor, and Isaac Overholser is Superintendent of the Sunday school. On the northwest corner of Section 24, stands the German Methodist, or, more properly speaking, the Church of the Evangelical Association. This is also a frame building, and was erected in 1865. It is 28x36 feet in size, and cost ^Ij-iOO. It was erected at the instance of William Poleman, John Gise, Isaac Mover, William Kriemier, Jacob Wible and other prominent members of the Association. Rev. Rieman Snyder, is the resident Pastor, and M. Moyer is Superintendent of the Sabbath school. Preaching and other religious services have been held here for over twenty years by this denomination. Besides the churches named, church service and Sunday schools are held in several of the public schoolhouses in the township. As intimated, the church and school go hand in hand in their influence for good on the human family ; and so we find in this and many other towns many instances where the schoolhouse and the church-building stand adjacent to each other, and many more in which one building answers both purposes. In 1834, the first school was opened in Reed's Grove, with Henry Watkins as teacher of fifteen boys and girls. School has been maintained in the township ever since ; and, from the date named until 1870, there was a continual increase in the number of persons in attendance at the schools. Since 1870, the attendance has remained about the same. We have it on the best authority that the con- dition of the schools in this township is very good. As an indication of what is being done for the education of the youth of Jackson -Township, a few items are here given : Number of persons under 21 724 Number of persons between (j and 21 years 512 Numberof persons atlcnding school 455 Number of male teachers 6 Number of female teachers 12 HISTORY OP WILL COUNTY. 551 Number of months taught 88 . Number of days' attendance 41,278 Number of persons between 12 and 21 who cannot read 0(( Kstimated value of school property $0,000 00 Highest wages paid to any teacher 60 00 Lowest wages paid to any teacher 2C> 00 Total expenditure for school purposes (1877) 4,730 00 The attention of the reader is directed to the second and third items. A comparison of these two will disclose the fact that nearly 90 per cent of all between 6 and 21 have attended school during the past year ; and when we take into account that scarcely any over 18 years of age ever attend, the showing for those of from 6 to 18 is still better. Another expressive item also appears in the table. There is not one person in the township between 12 and 21 who cannot read and write. In France, Spain, Italy and some other Eastern countries, usually termed enlightened nations, and several of the southern States, from 30 to 60 per cent of the adults cannot even read. The inhabitants of Jackson Township are proud of their schools, as they have good reason to be. Jackson Township is bounded on the north by Joliet, east by Manhattan, south by Florence and west by Channahon. It is a full Congressional town, and is described as such as Town 34 north, Range 10 east of Third Principal Meridian. It contains thirty-six sections, or 23,040 acres. Most of the land in this township is first-class, of a deep rich soil, well adapted to the production of corn, rye, oats and vegetables. Nearly all of the land is well farmed, and the neat and, in many cases, ele- gant dwellings and other buildings betoken a thrifty and prosperous population. Originally, about one-fourth of the township was covered with timber, but the early settlers cut off a large portion, not only for fuel, but for fencing, house and barn building ; and but for the railroad, which now brings lumber for the latter purposes, and the discovery of coal as a substitute for the former, hardly a tree would now be left. As it is, probably three or four sections may, with propriety, be denominated timber land. The township is well watered by Jack- son and Prairie Creeks, the former of which flows through the central part, from east to west, and the latter through the southeast corner. The Chicago & St. Louis Railroad crosses the township in the western part, entering near the north- west corner of Section 4, and diverging toward the west, leaving near the south- west corner of Section 31. VILLAGE OF ELWOOD. The year 1854 was eventful for numerous localities between Joliet and Bloomington, as it marks the completion of what was then called the Chicago & Mississippi Railroad, now called the Chicago & St. Louis, and the location of most of the villages and towns along the line. Before that date, a town in Jackson Township was not thought of; and, had it been, any other portion ■would have been as likely to be fixed upon as its present site. As soon as the 552 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. road was completed, steps were at once taken to establish a station at this point, and this being accomplished, the village followed as a consequence. A conven- ient trading-point was at once provided, and the country and its products demanded tradesmen, mechanics and professional men. The town was surveyed and platted and lots oifered for sale in 1854 and 185r>, by Messrs. Spencer, Gardner and Myers, gentlemen interested in the road. The first house built in the town was erected by William Turner, formerly of New York, but at the date of which we write, a resident of the township. In this building he displayed the first stock of goods ever oifered for sale in the township. Turner was also appointed Postmaster, and kept the office in his store. Joseph Partee, who had also been living in the neighborhood, built the first dwelling, and James Barrett built the second. George Blair built the first blacksmith-shop. To these were added stores, shops and dwellings, and the town grew quite rapidly, so that, in 1869, it was found advisable to incorporate the same. Only a few scraps of the original records and lists escaped the fire of 1874, so that no complete list of its officers or narration of its public acts can now be given. It is, however, remembered with certainty that William Muhlig was first President, and R. Spaff"ord, John Linebarger, William Eversoll and T. A. Mapps were members of the Board of Trustees. W. F. Keith was first Police Magistrate. In 1873, the town was re-organized under the general law of the State. The present officers are: John H. Bridge, President; John Linebarger, C. D. Wickes, Bateman Lloyd, John Pinneo and J. J. Lichten- walter. Trustees; W. H. Kinne, Clerk; and W. W. Gifford, Treasurer. On the night of the 28th of May, 1874, a fire swept over the business part of the town, which, for destructiveness, taking into account the size of the place, exceeded that of Chicago of two years before. The fire bi'oke out in the store of William Nicholson, which stood near the center of the business por- tion, and in a few hours every store but one and the hotel had given way before the fiery element. This was a serious blow to the little town. Prior to this, it had been, though slowly, yet steadily increasing. The loss of property was estimated at ^30,000, of which not more than $1,000 was insured. Though some of the burned district has been rebuilt and business is carried on as before, some of the proprietors were so much crippled as not to be able to start again, and the village still feels the loss sustained. The present population is about four hundred. The schools of the village are in good condition. The first term taught in the village was by William Grant, who kept the same in the Baptist Church. The schoolhouse, which is the same now in use, was built a few years after the location of the town, at a cost of $2,500. In this building Thomas Greenlaw taught the first term. At present the school consists of three departments, of which S. B. Robins is Principal, and Nelson Wickes is Assistant. School is sustained about nine months each year. Elwood Lodge, No. 410, I. 0. 0. F., was established at this place October 11, 1870, with William Muhlig, Sidney M. Stevens, Thomas C. Pennington, HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 553 Charles H. Eddy and J. S. Hughes as charter members. During the time of its existence, but two of its members have died. The number of members now belonging is thirty. The present N. G. is A. H. Linebarger ; V. G., G. C. Wickes ; Secretary, Nelson Black ; and Treasurer, Robert Spaftbrd. The alarm of war, and that the country's life was in danger was not unheeded by the citizens of Elwood and of the township of Jackson. Like the namesake of the township, on a former occasion, when the serpent of rebell- ion raised its ghastly head, the strong men of this vicinity but stopped to utter the well-known and expressive sentence, "By the Eternal, etc.," and then rushed off to the nearest recruiting office to enroll themselves for " three years or during the war." The promptness with which they Hocked to the standard of the country was not surpassed by any other township, and many of them sacri- ficed their lives to protect it. CRETE TOWNSHIP. The township of Crete is one of the two largest in the county, being about nine sections more than a Congressional town. The Congressional survey des- cribes it as Town 34 north, Range 14 east, Avith all of Town 34, Range 15 ^east, lying in Illinois — ^the balance of last-described town lying in the State of Indiana. The township is bounded on the north by Cook County, on the east by Indiana, on the south by Washington Township, and on the west by Monee. Plum Creek, which flows from near the southwest corner and leaves the town- ship at the northeast corner, cuts it diagonally into two unequal portions. Ly- ing along the banks of this and a small southern branch of the same, is a heavy belt of timber, formerly named and still known as Beebe's Grove, from one of its earliest settlers. The northwest corner, along Thorn Creek, is also covered with timber, and is called Thorn Grove. Ten or twelve sections, therefore, of the township of Crete are woodland ; not so heavy, however, as formerly, the largest trees having fallen before the woodman's ax. The injunction of the poet, ''Woodman, spare that tree," was unheeded by the early settler, and most •of the noblest of the forest's representatives entered into the construction of their dwellings, or were consumed in the shape of fuel. Strange as it may seem, land was actually cleared for agricultural purposes ; though just outside and adjoining "were thousands of acres better adapted for farming than the land thus labori- ously prepared for the plow ; but then, they had seen it done so in the East or South, from whence they had come, and the prairie would have been an experi- ment, and they had no time or disposition to try it. The soil is varied ; some of the land is very fertile, and in other parts of the township the reverse is the case. All of the land is well adapted for the purpose of grazing, and dairying for several years has been carried on quite extensively. Hogs, cattle, corn and other grains and vegetables, common to this climate, are raised. In the southeastern portion was formerly an extensive marsh cov- 554 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. ering about a section. Successful drainage has redeemed this land and made it good pasturage. Prior to 1869, the market was Chicago, with occasional trad- ing with Monee, on the Illinois Central Railroad. In the year named, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, or Danville & Vincennes, line was completed through the western portion of the township, making a direct outlet for produce. The village of Crete had already been laid out and built up : but on the com- pletion of this line, it took a new growth, and is now one of the most thriv- ing places in this part of the State. Another town in the southwestern part also sprang up, and the convenient trading-point of Goodenow was estab- lished. The original settlements of Crete Township were four, and quite distinct. The settlements of Thorn Grove, Beebe s Grove and Wood's Corners, on the State road, were almost identical as to time, but divided as to locality more defi- nitely than are the townships of to-day. Especially was this the case with the two grove settlements ; while Wood's Corners, now the village of Crete, being just on the borders of Thorn Grove, partook more of the identity of that set- tlement. The German settlement, which began a few years later, though not confined to any one locality, was yet distinct, in that the people were from the same country and spoke a different language ; and, too, their settlements were made mostly on the prairie, the borders of the groves having generally been previously occupied. If any of these settlements can claim priority, probably the advantage, on that score, lies with Thorn Grove, David Haner being the first permanent set- tler of that locality. His location here was certainly as early as 1834. There may have been some one in that part of the Grove east of the Monee Township line ; but, as this family was permanent, members of it still residing here, the claim, if for no other reason, appears good. One or two other names have been suggested ; but, as the evidence in the one case is conflicting, and in the other case the parties having removed at an early date, we give them other places in the matter of chronology. Mr. Haner died many years ago, perhaps as many as thirty, but his inter- ests were closely identified with the neighborhood. He was the first Constable in this section, at a period following closely on the organization of the county. He was from the State of New York. Following soon after, came to Thorn Grove, James Rice and William Brooks — Rice from Indiana and Brooks from New York. In the cabin of the former are said to have occurred the first death, the first birth and the first mar- riage in this township. Very soon after the arrival of these two men, with their wives, James Rice, Jr., was born, and almost coincident was the death of James Rice, Sr. Very shortly after, Mr. Brooks' wife died, and Mr. Brooks and Mrs. Rice each being in want ol a partner, their marriage was celebrated in the aforementioned Rice mansion. The united family removed to Minnesota some years ago. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 655 A. R. Starr and Erastus Cole, both from New York, came in 1835. Both these men are dead ; but a son of the former now resides in Joliet, and a son of the latter still lives here, and is a large farmer of this township. In 1838, A, Wilder, formerly of New York, but more recently of Ohio, moved into the neighborhood. Mr. Wilder still resides in this neighborhood. He has always been and still is one of the most prominent of the citizens of Crete Township. In the mean time, the State road, mentioned in Washington Township, was attracting some settlers. Doubtless from its very publicity, and from the de- sire of the human kind for society, or even the frequent sight of his species, the "Big Road," all along its extent, became a continuous settlement. Willard AVood was the nucleus or founder of the Corners, or what has developed into the village of Crete, and, in 1849, laid out the town. Mr. Wood has probably been more closely identified with the interests of this vicinity and of the whole township than any other man. Willard Wood taught the first school, in the Winter of 1837-38, a short distance north of the Corners ; and, in 1840, was appointed first School Treasurer. Charles Wood was a brother, but does not reside here now, having removed to Minnesota. Luman Hewes came, with a large family, from Vermont, in 1837. The family consisted of Mr. Hewes and wife, sons John, Austin, William, Benjamin, Luman, Jr., Daniel and Wallace, and one daughter. Four of the sons — John, Benjamin, Daniel and Wal- lace — are still residents of the township ; the balance are all dead. They have all been successful men. All bought farms and improved them, though some are at present engaged in other business. Enoch Dodge came from New Hampshire, in 1838. He is dead, but the family still reside here. Asa Lyttle Avas also an early settler in this neighbor- , hood. He was a native of Vermont, and is now a resident of Minnesota. B. Boardman, now of California, was also from Vermont. B. Stafford was another Vermonter. He was the father of Gov. Stafford, of Arizona, and also of Mrs. Dr. Mary Blake, Medical Lecturer in one of the medi- cal colleges of Boston. During the late war, Mrs. Blake repaired to the scene of battle and engaged in the work of nursing and caring for the sick and wounded soldiers, and, in that capacity, gained the enviable title of " Le Petite Angel." In the eastern portion of the township, where lies the longest stretch of timber-land, quite an extensive settlement was being made at the same pe- riod. Minoris Beebe is credited with being the pioneer, and his advent was. no doubt, as early as 1834. In honor of him the grove was named. He was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and worth, and was one of the first Justices of the Peace in this section of the county. Following him but a short time after, was Hardin Beebe, uncle of Minoris and father of Judge Beebe, of Kankakee. Quartos Marsh, with five sons — Edwin, Jonathan, Henry, Nelson and Frank — came about the year last named, or a very short time after. Of 556 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. this family, Nelson was afterward editor of the Joliet Republican. The family, as a whole, was one of the best in the township. Maj. John Kyle was one of the earliest residents of the Grove, and was the first death. He was from the Green Mountain State. His son Merrill was Colonel in the late war. He is now a resident of Blue Island, near Chicago. Several other members of the family live in the city, and are all wealthy. J. E. Burritt and son, Elisha, son-in-law Henry Mulligan, and Norman Northrup, came together from Connecticut. Mr. Mulligan subsequently re- moved to the western part of the county. His oldest son is Superintendent of one of the railroads of Michigan, and resides at Detroit, in that State. North- Tup removed some years ago to Monee, where he died. His widow, who after- ward married Willard Wood, has also recently died. Shipman Frank and James L. Dean were both from New York. Frank was the first Postmaster in the township and was commissioned to take charge •of the ofiice of Endor, which was the first established. The post office has been, with the exception of a couple of years, from 1856 till 1858, in existence ever since. Mr. Frank died many years ago. His son, Augustus, is in the Treas- ury Department of the United States, at Washington. While the war with Mexico brought a large number of settlers to this coun- try, they having been in the service and received warrants for land, which they located here, so, also, the result of that war having opened up the extensive Pacific Slope to emigration, it was the means of removing many others to the gold-fields of California. The treaty of peace with Mexico had scarcely been signed, when there was almost an exodus from some of the Eastern States to dig for the precious metal. Among the number from this section who thirsted for gold was James L. Dean. He did not realize his bright anticipations, however, but died on the way. His family continued to reside here, until about 1859. Rev. David Ripley was the first preacher who located in the township. He was from Connecticut, and had been preaching in that State and New York, prior to his coming here. By him the first church organization in the township was effected, it being that of the Congregational denomination, in 1839. Hiram Rowley and John Pease M^ere from New York. The father of Rowley was one of the con- tractors for the building of the Erie Canal. It is said of him that on one occa- sion, while in the discharge of sume of his duties, Gov. Clinton and some other gentleman were on the ground inspecting the works. Mr. Rowley not being acquainted with the gentlemen or their business at the place, and noticing that they were somewhat in the way of the laborers, ordered them to stand aside, and not to interfere Avith the work. Gov. Clinton, instead of taking offense at the seemingly rude treatment of His Excellency and companions, complimented Mr. Rowley on his zeal and energy in carrying on his business. Pease carried the first mail from Chicago to Iroquois, in 1836, at which time the post offices of Endor and Crete were established. Moses Cook and John Williamson were also here before 1839. They are still residents of the township. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 557 In the year last named, Samuel Gushing, or Deacon Gushing as he is more generally called, arrived from New York. He has a history that would make a respectable appendix to "Uncle Tom's Gabin"; and all of the interesting inci- dents of his pioneer life, which was at a period when the Antislavery move- ment in this country was just beginning to assume shape, and when the under- ground railway, for the transfer of colored passengers from bondage to a land of freedom, was just being established, would make a volume. Notwith- standing the laws of Illinois imposed severe penalties on any convicted of in anywise aiding or abetting a fugitive in his efforts to gain his liberty, Samuel Gushing accepted the position of agent and conductor, and his house was a real station, Mr. Gushing thinks he has helped to place beyond the reach of their pursuers, about eighty or ninety of these fugitives. The usual method of opera- tion was to receive the " human chattels " from the hands of a former conductor, from Wilmington or Joliet, before daylight, keep them concealed in the upper room of his cabin through the day ; and then, as night came on, convey them to Grown Point in Indiana, arriving there before light the next morning. Many incidents of an exciting and interesting character took place, which, but for want of space, are worthy of mention here. SuflBce it to say that Mr. Gushing s operations finally culminated in 1843, in his indictment and arrest for *' harbor- ing slaves." It seems almost incredible that such a proceeding should have taken place so short a time ago. Thirty-five years have barely passed, and there is not a slave in the land. Then the poor, trembling fugitives came, seeking shelter and protection from such as were adjudged outlaws in the free State of Illinois. The following is a copy of the original indictment, still in the possession of Mr. Gushing, and is certainly, to say the least, considering the character of the man, the time and place, and the nature of the offense, a great curiosity : (Jf the October term of the Will County Circuit Court, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and forty-three, State of Illinois, Will County : The Grand .Jurors, chosen, selected, and sworn, in and for the County of Will, aforesaid, in the name and by the authority of the peop'e of the state of Illinois, on their oath present that Samuel Cushing late of said county, at the county aforesaid, on the first day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and forty three, four negroes, then and there slaves, and owing service to a person to the jurors unknown, residing in the state of Missouri, one of the United States of America, then and there, to wit : on the day and year, and at the county aforesaid, in the dwelling house of him the said Cushing then and there situate did harbor, he the said Samuel Cushing, then and there well knowing the said negroes then and there to be such v-ilaves, and fugitives from service as aforesaid; contrary to the form of the .statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the same people of the state of Illinois. And the Grand Jurors, chosen, selected and sworn, in and for the county aforesaid, in the name and by the authority of the people of the state of Illinois, on their oaths aforesaid, do fur- ther present, that one Samuel Cushing, late of said county, on the first day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty three, at the county aforesaid, one female negro, and one male negro, there and then being slaves and owing service to a person to the jurors unknown, in the state of .Missouri, one of the United States of America, then and there to wit: on the day and year aforesaid at the county aforesaid in the dwelling house of him, the said Samuel Cushing then and there situate did harbor, he the said Samuel Cushing then and 558 HISTOIU' OF WILL COUNTY. there well knowing the said female negro and the said male negro, then and there to be such' slaves and fugitives from the said state of Missouri ; contrary to the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the said people of the state of Illinois. And the Grand Jurors chosen, selected and sworn, in and for the county aforesaid, in tiie name and by the authority of the people of the state of Illinois, on their oath aforesaid do further present that one Samuel Gushing, late of said county, on the tirst day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty three, at the county aforesaid, two colored persons then and there .being slaves and owing service to a person to the Jurors unknown in the state of Missouri, one of the United States of America, then and there, to wit : on the day and year last aforesaid, at the county aforesaid, in the dwelling house of him, the said Samuel Gushing,, then and there and then situate, did harbor, he the said Samuel Gushing, then and there well knowing the said two colored persons, then and there to be such slaves as aforesaid, and fugitives from their said service as slaves aforesaid ; contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the same people of the state of Illinois. P. PALLING ALL, States Attorney, Pro Tem. Seventh Judicial Circuit. On the back of the document appears the following indorsement : Will County Circuit Court, October Term, 1843. The People of the State of Illinois vs, Samuel Gushing. Indicted for harboring Slaves. A True Bill. G. G. Van Home, Foreman. Witness — Dwight Haven, Carlos Haven. Then comes the list of grand jurors : G. C. Van Home, John Runyon, John Tanner, Jr., Moses Porter, Jr., J. S. Reynolds, William Wigant, Robert Strong, William Rowe, John Robb, .lames Walker, Asher Holmes, Reu- ben Willard, George Woodruff, Titus S.Abbott, Dennis Kelly, Lyman Meacham, Lucius Robinson, Horace Messenger. It would, doubtless, be injustice to some of the names of the grand jurors whose signatures are given as indorsing this action, to suppose that they sym- pathized with the spirit which incited the movement. On the contrary, some of them will be recognized as leaders in the very cause for which Mr. Gushing was called upon to answer. On this indictment Mr. Gushing was arrested, taken to Joliet and held to bail until the next term of Gourt. At the term mentioned, though Mr. Gushing would have acknowledged to ten times as much as charged, the Prosecuting Attorney was not ready for trial ; and an immediate trial being demanded, a nol. pros, was entered, and the law-breaker allowed to return to his work of " aiding and harboring slaves, contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the peo- ple of the State of Illinois." At the session of the grand jury mentioned, Gol. Peter Stewart, of Wilmington, was indicted for a like offense and with like results. Fifty years hence, in the absence of records, it would be exceedingly hard to convince any one that such proceedings ever took place ; and, indeed, at the present time the relation of the event sounds like a story of a century past. Mr. Gushing still resides here at an advanced age, and expresses no regret for HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 559 the part he took in feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and sheltering the cold and weary, worn traveler, remembering that the Master had said, " Inas- much as ye have done it unto the least of these, ye have done it unto me." The first German who made his appearance on the prairie was William Rinne. His first habitation was. if anything, of a more primitive character than any of its time. It consisted simpl^^ of what might be denominated the rellar of a house, lacking the very material part, the building, or, in other words, simply a square hole in the ground, with a low wall of sods built above the surface and covered with prairie grass, supported by poles. In this burrow he lived five or six years, the while toiling and economizing until he had not only paid for his land, but had saved sufiicient to build a more comfortable abode. John 0. Meier, the present Supervisor of the township, came in 1844, and is next to the wealthiest man in this part of the county. John 0. Piepenbrink is one of the richest, if not the wealthiest, men in the township. He came to the township in 1849, and began the manufacture of butter and cheese. The business, though at first a small matter, has developed into a concern of large proportions, from which Mr. Piepenbrink has realized a fortune. John and Christopher Scheiwe came about the same time, and have been exceedingly successful in business. Conrad Tatge was one of the first German settlers, and, through his influ- ence, probably, more of that people have come to this neighborhood than through that of any other man. Mr. Tatge served the county for eight years as Circuit Clerk, in which position he merited and gained the esteem of all with whom he transacted business. The German settlement grew most rapidly from 1848 till 1856, at the end of which period most of the Government, rail- road and speculators' lands had been bought by them. Since then the German population has steadily increased by settlers in the village, and also by those who buy out the original purchasers of the land, they, in turn, removing to newer localities further west. The German people of Crete Township have proved to be most industrious, intelligent and honorable citizens, and the indi- cations of their prosperity are observed on every hand. Gustavus Brauns was the first German merchant. He came to Crete and opened a store in April, 1857. He has been a very successful man in business, and has the confidence and respect of not only his own people, but of all of his fellow-citizens. Beside these already named, among the early German set- tlers, were John VVindheim, Conrad VVeinhoffer, Henry Scheiwe, Philip Jurd- ining, Henry Ohlendorf, Conrad Hecht and Christopher Batterman, settling in various portions of the township, and mostly before the year 1850. The history of the churches of Crete Township is almost a history of the township itself, as nearly all of the leading citizens — especially of the early ones — were, directly or indirectly, connected with these enterprises ; and to 560 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. this fact, in connection with the deep interest taken in educational matters, must be attributed the excellent state of morals and intelligence found here. Like the Puritans, when they landed from the Mayflower, the first thing was to set up the altar in the wilderness ; and, like the Israelites, when they had safely landed on the borders of the promised land, they erected to God -a tab- ernacle. Though, as before stated, Rev. David Ripley organized the first church — that being a Congregational society — the Methodists really organized the first class for religious culture and teaching. A class of this denomination was formed by the noted pioneer preacher, S. R. Beggs, at Thorn Grove, in 1836, with fifteen members. This was the first religious organization in the east end of the county. Five years later, it was transferred to the village of Crete, but no building was erected until 1852, the meetings of the society in the mean time being held in schoolhouses and, in warm weather, in the open air in the grove. The building erected at the date named cost $1,500. The present Pastor of the Church is Rev. U. C. Reynolds. I. C. Reed is Superintendent of the Sunday school. The present membership of the Church is 123, and of the Sunday school, about as many. The Congregational Church at Beebe's Grove was organized in 1839 by Rev. David Ripley, with Nathaniel Frank and wife, Mrs. Beebe, James L. Dean and wife, Moses Cook and wife, John Kyle and mother and Samuel Cushing and wife as members. Of these original members, Cook and Cushing and their wives are all that are now living. Soon after the organization of the Church, Rev. David Ripley died, and Rev. J. Thompson was called to fill his place. It is rela- ted that once the minister's horse strayed away from his stable, and, for over a week, no trace of him could be found. At the end of the period named, however, some one, in passing the church-building,* heard a noise within, and, supposing some one was inside preparing the room for Church services, pushed open the door. when lo ! the poor horse confronted him with looks and actions which indicated, that, though he had not been holding religious meetings, he had heen fasting for a long time. The horse, after leaving home, had, doubtless, from force of habit, taken the road to the church, and. finding the door ajar, had pushed it open and walked in for the purpose of protecting himself from the inclement weather. " Old Dick " was always afterward dubbed the "Pious Horse." Six years after the organization at Beebe's Grove, another church of the same denomination was started at Thorn Grove, by Rev. E. C. Brige. Eight or ten years later, the two organizations were united, and steps taken to erect a building for religious worship at the village of Crete. The building was com- pleted a short time thereafter, at an outlay of $2,000. The membership at present numbers about sixty persons, though more than one hundred others have been dismissed by letter to other organizations. Rev. J. F. Smith is present Pastor, and Mrs. Smith is Superintendent of the Sunday school. *Tbe Bchoolhuuse was then used for church purposes. HISTOR'i' OF WILL COUNTY. 561 The German Lutheran denomination has been exceedingly prosperous since its establishment here. Trinity Church, of this denomination, is the result of the union of two branches — the one at Beebe's Grove and the other near the village. Rev. C. Weil was the first minister, .and preached here a year, in 1849. He was succeeded by Rev. August Selle, who labored with the Church for eight years, and did most of the work in systematizing the enterprises with which the society has since been connected. Mr. Selle organized the first Lutheran Church established in the city of Chicago. In 1860, their present house of worship was erected. It stands nearly a mile south of the village of Crete, is a neat structure of the kind and cost $2,640. The society also owns two schoolhouses, one southeast and the other southwest of the village, in which schools are kept open the most of the year. At each of the schoolhouses, and at the church, they have ten acres of land. They, also, by special agreement with the school authorities, have a school in the public school-building in the village, in which the religion of the Church, the German language and some of the primary branches taught in the common schools are learned. Rev. Gottlieb Traub has been, for the last twelve years, Pastor of the Church. At its first organization, the Church consisted of thirteen families; the present membership is 131 families. The Albright Evangelical Church, located in the southeastern corner of the township was established in 1856, by Rev. George Fetters, with twelve familes. The society has not been very prosperous, the Lutheran Church located a quarter of a mile south, in Washington Township, completely over- shadowing it. In 1862, under the pastorate of Rev. Noah McLain, a small house of worship was erected for ^800, on land owned by Conrad Hecht. Seven families at present belong to the organization, and Rev. William Gross is minister. Willard Wood. Esq., now a resident of the village of Crete, taught the first school in the township, in the Winter of 1837-38, and public action looking toward the establishing of a public school system was taken in 1840. On April 11, of that year, the school township was organized, with Luman Hewes, M. H. Cook and Norman Northrup as Trustees, and James L. Miner as Treasurer and Clerk. Miner, however, refused to act, and so Willard Wood was chosen in his place, and continued in ofiice until 1846, when Richard Brown was appointed. The first business done by the Board was the division of the township into three school districts, with the six northeast sections, or Beebe's Grove, as District No. 1 ; the northwest twelve sections, or Thorn Grove, as No. 2, and the south half of the township as No. 3. The first two of these districts organized at once, and under the public system Miss Eliza Burrit taught during the Summer of 1840 at Beebe's Grove. This was the first term taught in this neighborhood, and was held in the schoolhouse previously mentioned, in which Elder Thompson's " Pious Dick " kept his forced fast. This school- house was a very simple affair indeed; and, as it was a fair sample of the architecture that prevailed in those days, a brief description of it will doubtless prove interesting. ,562 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Interested parties to the number of eight or ten came together by appoint- ment, bringing with them their axes, saws and whatever implements they hap- pened to possess, and built it on the mutual assistance plan. Small trees were felled and cut to the length of twenty feet. Notches were cut in each end to admit others designed to rest thereon. Then the logs were laid up, in the manner of constructing a rail pen. When the building had been raised to a suflScient height, openings were cut for a door, fireplace and windows. The cracks between the logs were "chinked" — that is, partially filled with small pieces of Avood, wedged in, and then daubed with mud. The roof was made of "clapboards," or very large shingles, split from the bodies of straight- grained trees, and these were held in their places by the weight of poles laid thereon. In the building of King Solomon's Temple, it is found worthy of record that it was constructed " without the aid of ax, hammer, or any tool of iron." In our temple of learning it is worthy of note that, with the excep- tion of a few nails in the door, not a piece of iron entered into its composition. The door was made of the boards of which, formerly, a dry goods box had been constructed ; was hung on wooden hinges, and fastened with a wooden latch, which only the ingenuity of the backwoodsman could invent, being raised by means of a leather thong attached to it, and hung through a small auger-hole a few inches above. The floor was made of "puncheons," or logs split in two parts, each of which, with it flat surface turned upward, rested on the ground. The desks were broad boards, resting on pins driven into the wall. The seats were constructed of slabs, into the ends of which were inserted wooden pins, serving as legs or supports. These benches were placed in front of the desks, and while the children studied from their books the sharp edges of the desks served as supports for their backs. The chimney and fire-place were composed of small sticks, built up after the manner of the house, and plastered with mud, the fire-place being very ample to admit of large logs used for fuel. The same Summer that the public school was opened at Beebe's Grove, a school was taught by E. Smith in District No. 2. The next year (November, 1841), Dis- trict No. 3 was organized and school established there. The school land, being the section cornering with the village of Crete, on the southeast, was sold in 1841, at an average of about $2.00 per acre. In 1850, the number of districts had increased to six, since which time no new districts have been formed. The following items, extracted from the books of the Township Treasurer, Willam L. Adams, and of the Treasurer of the fractional township, J. C. Doescher, will doubtless prove interesting to many readers, as indicating the present condition of the schools : Town 14. Town 15. Number of schools 1 Number of persons umlor 21 744 124 Number of persons between 6 and 21 407 88 Number of months taught during the year 40 8 Value of school property $8,250 $300 Amount paid for teaching 1,865 235 Total paid for support of schools 2,696 264 -m *ifC^ ^-r *«i8Ssitfe,- CHICAGO FORMERLY OF FRANKFORT IP. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 565 By no means least among the enlightening and elevating influences in a community is a good newspaper, and as such deserves to be classed with the pulpit and the rostrum. The Enterprise, which is all that its name indicates, was established at Crete in 1875. Its first number appeared on the 25th of December of the year named. C. E. Carter, who had been in the newspaper business in Wisconsin, originated and founded the paper, and by him it has been edited and published ever since. The JEnteyyrise is a sprightly eight- column quarto, full of local and foreign news, and enjoys a good patronage, both by way of subscriptions and advertising. It is issued every Friday. It is independent in politics and religion. The Crete Sash, Door and Blind Factory, located at the village, is worthy of more than a passing notice. This institution was founded in 1869 by Messrs. Conrad Tatge, Christopher Knabe, William Hahnlein and F. Sennholtz. Two years later, a stock company was formed, with a capital of ^21,000, with Walter Loock as Manager, and Gustavus Brauns as Secretary and Treasurer. Twenty hands are employed in the manufacture of the articles before mentioned, and also of moldings and stair- rails. Lumber for use is brought directly from the pineries. The product, of the factory finds sale in the southern part of the State and in Indiana. A fire insurance company, called the Crete Farmers' Mutual, with a capi- tal of $20,000, is one of the institutions of this township. Conrad Tatge, Henrv Scheive, John 0. Meier and Gustavus Brauns were the originators of the scheme, the last-named being the first Agent and Secretary. Its province is to insure farm-buildings and other careful risks, the rate being about 1 per cent. The call of the President for soldiers to suppress the rebellion was heard by many in this township, and hearing, they left all — homes, firesides, friends and kindred — and followed the beat of the drum to the field of battle. A number of the brave bovs who left us never returned. Their bones lie mingled with the soil of the country which they went out to rescue from the hands of traitors. The names of some of them are here given. Among those who were killed or died of wounds or disease contracted in the army are remembered : A. Quackenbush, John W. Cole, Robert Cave, M. H. Cook, Orlando Hewes, William Conskay, Conrad Ingleking, August Myer and James M. Mulliken. Whether there were others or not, we could not learn, but surely this was enough ; and, though the prayers of brothers, sisters, parents and friends ascended day after day for their safe return, the sacrifice was demanded, and it had to be made. In 1850, the township of Crete, embracing all of what now constitutes the townships of Crete and Washington, was formed. The first township election occurred on the 2d day of April of the year named. The meeting was called to order by Willard Wood. Moses H. Cook was elected Chairman or Moder- ator, and E. W. Beach was chosen Secretary. They were sworn to perform the 566 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. duties of their offices according to law. by J. Marsh, a Justice of the Peace. At this first election, there were 109 votes cast, of which the following persons received majorities for the respective offices : N. Brown, Supervisor ; Z. Han- derson, Clerk ; J. Luce, Assessor ; D. Wilkins, Collector ; Horace Adams, Overseer of the Poor ; A. Wilder, S. W. Chapman and William Hewes, Com- missioners of Highways ; H. E. Barret and 0. H. Barret, Constables, and H. Sprague and J. Marsh, Justices of the Peace. The present voting population of the township is not less than three hun- dred and fifty, though the highest vote ever cast has been but 334. The present township officers are : John 0. Meier, Supervisor ; Emil Walter, Clerk ; Henry Hattendorf, Collector ; Henry Cole, Assessor ; A= Darling, William Diersen and H. N. Doescher, Highway Commissioners ; Charles Smith and D. E. Hewes, Justices of the Peace, and Frank Pease and Lorenz Tillotsen, Constables. VILLAGE OF CRETE. The village of Crete was laid out in 1849, by Willard Wood, who lived here, occupying the site since 1837. Mr. Wood built at the place now occupied by the Hewes House, at the last-named date, and kept the house as a hotel. As mentioned in the history of Washington Township, places for the accommoda- tion of the traveling public sprang up all along this great highway, and among the number was the Wood Tavern. Of course it was not the commodious hotel that now occupies the corner, but a small log structure ; though the use of that corner, with numerous changes and additions, has always been devoted to that purpose. Until about the time of the laying-out of the town, the same log cabin was the hotel ; but, at the date named, it gave place to a more pre- tentious affair. Wood then erected a building 26x36 feet, which he occupied until 1865. In 1873, the Hewes brothers, Daniel and B. F., came into pos- session, and built the main part of the house, and have occupied it ever since. The first merchant to locate here was H. H. Huntley. He opened his store directly after the town was laid out, in 1849. Z. Hariderson came in a year later, and opened another store. George Gridley had been blacksmithing here for some years before the town was laid out. Dr. H. H. Hitchcock, now of Chicago, was the first physician at the Cor- ners, but removed from here about the time the village started. Dr. G. W. Minard, who still resides in the place, was a student of Hitchcock's, and suc- ceeded to his practice. The post office was established at the Corners in 1836, and was named Crete ; and from this the village, in 1849, and the township, in 1850, have derived their names. Crete is one of the most enterprising towns on the line of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad. It is composed of men of ability and thrift, as indicated by buildings, both public and private, which are of a superior charac- HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 567 ter. Some of their fine stores and private residences would appear respectable in towns of ten times its size and pretensions. VILLAGE OF GOODENOW. This town was the direct product of the building of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad, and was laid out by George W. Goodenow the same year. Mr. Goodenow, at the same time, built a storehouse and put in a general stock of merchandise. The same year, William Kophmeir erected a hotel and saloon, and Herman Brinker built a wagon-shop and dwelling. Next year James Darling built a blacksmith-shop, which wa.-< at once occu- pied by Samuel Rose. Darling removed to Kansas. Mr. Goodenow was first Postmaster, and still occupies'the position. The village is situated on the south- east corner of Section 32, about four miles south of Crete. It is a fine location for a town, and but for the hard times which have intervened since its beginning, would doubtless by this time present a greatly improved appearance. MONEE TOWNSHIP. The "war of the races " came to a crisis in 1832. Probably no year in the history of Illinois has been more eventful than the one named. Certainly, no year has brought so much anxiety and excitement to Northern and North- western Illinois, as did the year 1832. Previous to this time, it is true, there was considerable unrest and fear experienced by the inhabitants from their red neighbors, the Indians. Though to all outward appearances they were on friendly terms, yet the farmers, conscious that they were encroaching on the assumed rights of the others, and knoAving full well their treacherous dispositions and their sensitiveness on the subject, were all the while apprehensive of trouble. During the year named, all their forebodings and much more were realized. Black Hawk and his allies had been wrought up to such a pitch, that neither threats nor promises by the Government or the State would longer avail, and war between the two races seemed inevitable. The State and nation were prompt to deal with the belligerents, but not until a number of wholesale butch- eries had been perpetrated were the Indians brought into subjection and removed from the State. In the mean time, though no actual demonstration occurred in this section, yet all were in such a state of suspense and anxiety that the county was for a time entirely deserted, some going to the nearest for- tifications for protection, and others returning to the East to be out of harm's way until the trouble might blow over. After peace and order had been re- stored, those who for a time had left their pioneer homes returned, bringing with them many new settlers. Among the number who emigrated to this county soon after the close of the troubles alluded to, were a number of fami- lies from Ohio. John S. Dilly, John M. Chase, S. W. Cooper, S. W. Gaines, Nicholas Young and Aaron Bonell, were the original and first settlers of Monee 568 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Township, and, like all early emigrants from the heavily timbered regions of the East, sought the neighborhood of the little groves, found here and there throughout this part of the State. All of these men, with their families, settled in the northeastern part of the township, in the vicinity of Thorn Grove. A notable feature of many pioneer settlements is the rough character of its mem- bers. Many early settlers have been people who, having been reduced in means and character in their original dwelling-places, have fled to a strange and new country, in the hope of recuperating their fortunes, and either to run away from their characters or reform their doubtful habits. Then, too, in a new country, the restraining influences of church and society, added to which may be counted that of the law, are much less felt than the older settled sections. But this settlement seems to have been a notable exception to the rule, every man of the primary settlement proving himself worthy of the name of a " good citizen." Indeed, one of the number bore the title of Parson, and as such min- istered to the people in things spiritual, while he at the same time cultivated the soil. Of these old pioneers only two still remain. The rest are all gone to other parts, or have departed to that "bourn from which no traveler returns." S. W. Cooper still resides on the old place. He has from the first been ranked as one of the soundest men in the township, and as such has enjoyed the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens to an unlimited degree. He was the first Supervisor of the township when the two townships now denominated Monee and Will were a single precinct, and were known as Carey. S. W. Gaines is the other survivor. Whatever can be said of a man of good reputation also attaches to his name. He has accumulated a handsome property, and now enjoys the fruits of his hard toil and early hardships incident to a pioneer life. John M. Chase is credited with building the first house in the township. Chase was a well-to-do farmer, and a man who enjoyed the confidence of his neighbors, as witnessed by his election to the_ofl5ce of Justice of the Peace and several other honors conferred upon him. However, he did not remain here long enough to merit the title of permanent resident, but sold out his improve- ments after a few years' residence and returned to Ohio. Aaron Bonell and sons continued to reside here for a number of years, and then removed to the southern part of the State. Dilly and Young are both dead. Young was the preacher alluded to. After his death, the balance of the family all removed further West. In 1834, William Hollis Newton came from the State of New Yox'k. He is also dead. He was a good citizen, and was well liked by all who knew him. W. H. Newton, Jr., is one of the wealthiest men in the township, and enjoys the reputation of being the model farmer in this portion of the country. His residence, with the numerous houses and barns for poultry, stock, grain and tools, almost equals the number found in a respectable-sized village. Otis Phillips was also from New York, but came a year after Newton. He lived here several years jand then removed to Wisconsin, where he has since HISTORY OF WILL COUiNTY. 569 (lied. He is, without doubt, entitled to the honor of being the pioneer edu- cator, as he taught the first school established in this part of the grove. J. E. Phillips, now residing near the village of Monee, came from New York the next year — 1836 — and settled at Thorn Grove. Mr. Phillips hsxa proved to be one of the reliable citizens of this section, and has been as intimately associated with all of the events transpiring in this vicinity as any other man ; and to him we are, in a great measure, indebted for whatever may be valuable in this nar- rative. The same year, came from Ohio, William Kinney. He was a farmer, in moderate circumstances, but spent much of his time in hunting. Indeed, we may well believe that many of the early residents were wont to obtain a subsistence from the use of the rifle. Thorn Grove, in the time of which we write, abounded with game of dif- ferent kinds, and the tables of the early settlers were generously spread with meats that are now rare, and are only eaten as a luxury. And yet, while thus well supplied with venison, turkey, wild chickens and ducks, many articles of food, now common, were almost entirely dispensed with. Tea, coffee, most spices and sugar were obtainable at greater expense than many of them could afford, and home-prepared substitutes took their places. Rye coffee, sassafras tea and corn bread instead of wheaten, with mush and milk, constituted their fare. In the matter of clothing and furniture, their allowance and quality were still more primitive. Silks and broadcloths, furs and kids, were reserved fqr a later generation. There were no fine carpets on their puncheon floors, no expensive pictures on the walls or tapestry at the windows. Such luxuries were neither obtainable nor desired. The little marketing that was done required long journeys to the nearest stores ; and goods of every kind, owing to slow and expensive transportation, were very dear. The houses of the pioneers were not stately or imposing structures, such as have more recently taken their places. A one-story, one-roomed log cabin was about the most stylish house in the neighborhood. In the construction of the first houses, there was not used a sawed board in the whole building, and, in some, not a single piece of iron — not even a nail. Wooden hinges and latches (with the string out) for doors, puncheons for floors, clapboards for roofs, and wooden pegs, on which to hang clothing, were some of the makeshifts to which they were obliged to resort. Perhaps none but those who have experienced the events witnessed and passed through by them, are fully competent to describe them ; and, certainly, none but such as have witnessed them can fully comprehend the changes which have taken place, both in the appearance of the country and the condition of its inhabitants. The people are accustomed to cry "hard times;" but if they could be placed back in time forty years, and be required to fill the places of those old pioneers, deprived of all social and com- mercial privileges, as were they, they would learn a lesson that neither essays nor speeches can teach. Even in the new settlements of the now Western country, things are very different. Now the railroad and telegraph precede 570 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. emigration, and postal facilities are coincident. For these our fathers were obliged to wait twenty years. The year 1837 was one of the worst in the financial history of the country, and especially of Illinois, that ever occurred; and for a time emigration to these parts Avas, in a measure, checked. Occasionally a new settler made his appearance. Guided, some by letters and others, as it were, by instinct, they dropped in from time to time, but not for several years after the earliest date mentioned did the township settle rapidly. At first, all the settlements were made in the edges of the timber, but when all of the land in the vicinity of the wooded portions had been occupied, shanties here and there on the prairie began to appear. By the year 1850, seventeen years after the first settler made his appearance, the following additional residents are noted: John S. Holland, Stephen, Jacob and James Goodenow; George, Emerson and Minet E. Baker; A. J. Smith, Eugene Lashley, August Klien and Simeon Abbott. Of these, some are dead, some have removed further west or returned to their native States, and some are still residents of the township. The Bakers were from Ohio. They lived here a few years after the date last named, and then again took up their line of march toward the setting sun, their last resting-place being in the State of Iowa. John S. Holland came here in 1845, made some improvements, and died a few years after. The family have all removed — ^one son to Chicago, where he now resides. A. J. Smith was here before 1845, and resided in the township until about 1855, at which date his death occurred. He was a native of Ohio, was a good man, and was one of the earliest Justices of the Peace. Ebenezer Lashley, for the last fifteen years a resident of Douglas County, of this State, came to this township from Ohio. He was one of the best informed of the early residents of the county, and his removal was a source of regret to all his neighbors. Stephen Goodenow and brothers (Jacob and James) were from the several States of Michigan, Pennsylvania and Indiana, and came to this part of the country about 1845. George and Franklin Goodenow, relatives of the above, settled in the adjoining township, the former of whom is proprietor of the town of Goodenow, on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad. Stephen Goodenow now resides in the village of Monee. As before intimated, the first land occupied was that in the eastern portion of the township, in the vicinity of Thoi'n Grove. In 1854, however, the Illinois Central Railroad was completed, and a station being established in the western part, on that line of road, improvements began to be made in that neighborhood. Since that date, the west side of the township has taken the lead in population. By an act of Congress, each alternate section of land in this and other townships through which this railroad passes (excepting lands already entered, the school section and the "reservation") was transferred to HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 571 the Illinois Oentral Railroad Company to assist in building the road. In transferring the land to the Company, the price of the remaining Government land was raised to ^2.50 per acre, being double its former price, and at that price nearly one-third of the land was purchased by settlers. The lands occu- pied by settlers prior to the road was bought at .1^1.25 per acre, and that from the Railroad Company from $2.50 to $10.00, according to location and date of purchase. The Indian reservation, sometimes called Coon Grove, consisted of about three-fourths of Sections 28, 29, 32 and 33. This land had been deeded by treaty to a small family or tribe of Indians, and by them was held until a comparatively I'ecent date, when it was put upon the market by their agent, Henry M, Ward, and sold to different parties who now occupy it. The ancient aborigines, to whom the land belonged, have long since removed from this part of the country. Monee Township is bounded on the north by Cook County, on the east by Crete, on the south by Will and on the west by Greengarden. About one- fourth formerly consisted of timbered land : but the supply of fuel and building material in former times demanded the sacrifice of a considerable portion, and the amount of woodland is now much smaller. In 1850, the township was included with Will in a single precinct, though not that Will added anything to the voting population, for at that date Will had not within its bounds a single inhabitant. So, in reality, considering the population, Carey Township was what is now called Monee. The township of Carey was organized, with all others of the original townships named in the first division of the territory, in 1850, on the 2d day of April of the year named. From a few miscellaneous papers still in existence in the Clerk's office, we find that C. W. Cooper was first Super- visor ; J. E. Phillips, Assessor, and W. H. Newton, Clerk. The records of Carey Township have been lost, and we are, therefore, unable to make any fur- ther definite statements in regard to the first organization. In 1859, that por- tion of Carey now known as Will was struck off", in accordance with the wishes of its inhabitants ; and, the village of Monee having been established and so named, the old name of Carey was dropped and the name to correspond with the village was adopted. The organization of the township, as at present con- stituted, is : John Kolstedt, Supervisor ; E. R. Freese, Clerk ; Fred. Rave, Assessor; Jacob H. Barlage, Collector; Adam Gorman, Henry Deters and George Kolstedt, Commissioners of Highways ; John A. Heins and Henry Conrad, Justices of the Peace ; Peter Bischman and Gustav Kettering, Con- stables, and August Ehrhardt, School Treasurer. As before intimated, the first school was taught at the "Grove" by Otis Phillips. Like the township records, the school records of the township have been lost, and nothing positive can be stated in regard to this school except that it was in a little cabin owned by Mr. Phillips, the teacher. The date was, no doubt, about 1836. All schools in the State of Illinois at that date were sup- ported by private means, and of course this was a subscription school. It is 672 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. further remembered that Mr. Phillips was not only a good teacher, but a good man and well wortiiy of the title of "pioneer schoolmaster." In 1855, a system of reports from Township School Treasurers was adopted, and from an old report, dated 1858, from the Treasurer of this township, we are able to give some interesting statistics, indicating the condition of schools at that time. It is therein stated that there were in the township : Districts, in each of which were schoolhouses 4 Male teachers 2 Female teachers 7 Persons between the ages of 6 and 21 years 328 Persons under 21 472 Months of school taught 34 Average monthly wages paid male teachers $ 34 00 Average montly wages paid female teachers 17 oO Whole amount paid teachers 870 00 Whole amount paid for support of schools 1,238 59 Some corresponding figures, indicating the present condition of schools, give additional interest : Number of schools 7 Number of persons between 6 and 21 668 Number of persons under 21 038 Number of months taught 73 Highest wages paid any teacher per month .$ 75 00 Whole amount paid for teaching 2,913 00 Whole amount paid for support of schools 3,405 00 Estimated value of school property 5,500 00 Formerly, churches were organized at the Grove ; but since the towns of Crete and Monee have been established and movements made toward organizing church societies there, these organizations have either been abandoned or removed to the villages. The war record of this township is bright with many honored names. A large number of the best and strongest men, when the call for troops to suppress the rebellion was made, entered the army and followed the old flag even to the mouth of the cannon, and some into the very jaws of death. John Clark, Isaiah Cook, Charles Bergen, C J. Garret, T. J. Kemp, G. A. Baker and A. F. Clark were among; the number who lost their lives to save the life of the Union. Henry Carstons was reported missing, and, as supposed, was killed. There were, doubtless, others, but we are unable to learn their names. Surely, these were a large and costly sacrifice, and worthy of the cause in which they fell. VILLAGE OF MONEE. The year 1853 was an eventful one for this section of the State, which had, prior to that time, been without commercial privileges, except as carried on, by means of wagons, with Chicago. The entei"prise of building a railroad through this part of the State had long been talked of, and some legislation had resulted. HISTORY OF WTLI, COUNTY. 573 therefrom ; though but few realized the importance of the scheme until the road was completed. In a few years, towns sprang up all along the line, and lands heretofore unoccupied were taken up in a short time. In a very few years, this Avhole region was almost as thickly settled as it is to-day. The western part of the township soon became the most densely populated, and the town of Monee has sprung up from what was, prior to that event, an open plain. The village of Monee was laid out by Henry M. Ward, for August Her- bert, in 1853. August Herbert was in the Mexican war, and, being honorably discharged at the close, he was given a warrant entitling him to 100 acres of the unoccupied Government land, wherever he might choose to locate. So, in 1849, he found his way to this township, and located the southeast quarter of Section 21. When the railroad was located, though it di"d not run through Herbert's land, it ran so close that his land became available as a part of the town site. He therefore sold to the railroad company forty acres ; and this, together with what Herbert laid out, embraces the principal part of the village. In 1853, Herbert built the first house in the village. He also built, in partner- ship with others, a warehouse ; built a storehouse and opened a general store, in which he continued until about two years ago, when he removed to Grant Park, where he now resides. Though Herbert erected the first building (now a portion of Kettering's Hotel), a house had been brought by Simeon Abbott, from the south part of the township, which was used by the employes of the railroad company as a lodging-house. This house is still standing and occupies one of the most prominent corners in the village, and is used by Messrs. Sonneborn & Son for a tailoring establishment. Mr. Abbott lived in the house for a time, and then removed to Iowa, where he still resides. The first store building was erected in 1853, by 0. B. Dutton, the same now being in use by August Schiffer. Among the other early residents of the village Avere Adam Vatter, Bronson Wiley and Theodore Wernigk. Of these, Vatter was a carpenter, who gave most of his attention to the erection of churches ; and nearly all of the German churches in this, Greengarden, Peotone and Crete Townships are works of his. He still resides here. Wiley was the first blacksmith, and Wernigk was the first physician. Laban Easterbrooks is also one of the oldest residents, having resided in the village for twenty-one years. " 'Squire Brooks," as he is familiarly called, is a native of Rhode Island, and has always enjoyed the friendship and business relations of Gen. Burnside, of that State. Mr. Easterbrooks was a carpenter, and Burnside was Cashier of the Land Department of the Illinois Central Railroad ; and, through that relation, came to possess large tracts of land in the township of Greengarden. The General, having been acquainted with the 'Squire, and wishing some improvements made on his land, employed him to look after his estate — have it fenced and build houses on the same. The post office was established here in 1853, with 0. B. Dutton as Post- master. 574 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. The schoolhouse Avas built in 1854, and Margaret Wilson was installed as first teacher. Five years ago, an addition of one room was made to the orig- inal building, and three teachers, of whom F. Stofflet is Principal, are now em- ployed. In 1856, Joseph Koenig and Oscar Kohler built a steam grist-mill ; but the enterprise did not prove a great success and it has not been in use for several vears. In 1865, August Schifi'er built a warehouse and began handling grain. Two years later, Messrs. Tatge, Miller & Herbert erected their building for handling grain ; and following them, in 1872, F. Luehrs, of Greengarden Township, also erected a warehouse. In 1865, G. A. McGilvery built a hay -press, which is still in use, being operated by J. I. Rice, of Peotone. An attempt to establish an academy for a higher and special course of instruction was made in 1872. The building, called the Monee Academy, was erected in that year, named by Messrs. Janzen & Stassen. Prof. Janzen was put in charge of the institution, and hopes were entertained that this would de- velop into one of the leading institutions of the country. But after a short time, it was found that the encouragement received was not sufficient to warrant its continuance, and was abandoned. The leading church of the village is the Lutheran. The German element is largely in the majority, and nearly all adhere to that faith. The Church was established in 1857, by Rev. William Schaefer, and a house of worship erected in 1858. The cost of the house was $1,500. It stands in the midst of the burial ground, where lie the remains of Christian Schurz and wife, father and mother of Carl Schurz, now a member of President Hayes' Cab- inet. The congregation consists of about eighty families, of which Rev. C. F. Hafheing is Pastor. The Congregational Church, which stands in the north part of the village, was the second built, and the society was the second organized. The house was built at an outlay of $2,100, in 1866, the society having been formed five years earlier by Rev. W. B. Atkinson. Rev. George Dunlap officiates as minister. The M. E. Church was organized by Rev. Mr. Ross, and the building erected in 1868, at an expenditure of $1,500. The building stands in the west part of town, and is occupied part of the time only, by Rev. W. H. Crawford. This society has not been in as flourishing a condition as formerly, and, for a time, the house was closed. Rev. Charles Steisaberger 'organized the German Catholic society of this place in 1866, and two years later they built their house of worship. The building cost $1,500, and stands in the eastern part of the village nearfthe Congregational Church. This society has never been strong here, and services are now held only occasionally. Some years ago, perhaps about 1860 or 1861, a newspaper called the Monee Hagle, was started here by J. G. Scott. The Eagle soared high for a HISTORY OF WILL ("OUIITY. 575 while. It continued its flight for about three years, when it drooped, folded its wings and died. The village of Monee was incorporated in 1874, by the elec- tion of officers on the 9th of November of that year. The first Board con- sisted of Edward Wernigk, President ; Henry Hoffman, Charles Plagge, Philip Vollmar, Christopher Schoenstedt and August Schif!er, as Trustees ; William T. Hutchinson was Clerk, and B. Hayen, Treasurer. The present officers are Simeon Miller, President ; John A. Heins, Charles Mertz, Chris- topher Schoenstedt, Gustav Jordans and William Kohlstedt, Trustees ; Charles Prawst, Clerk ; John Kohlstedt, Treasurer, and Laban Easterbrooks. Police Magistrate. ~a FLORENCE TOWNSHIP. It is claimed for this township, that it is the best, in many particulars, in the whole county. In soil and in society, in thrift and in intelligence, the inhabitants of Florence acknowledge their superiority. After a careful examination into the several items enumerated, we are not disposed to attempt to change public opinion, in regard to the good qualities of this locality, for certainly a finer place for the display of all that is desirable in a farming com- munity would be hard to find. The land is exceedingly rich, and the soil deep and very productive. The surface is gently undulating — -just sufficiently so to render drainage easy, and, at the same time, prevent the washing from heavy rains incident to rolling or broken ground. Thrift and prosperity are mani- fested on every hand, in the well-cultivated fields, fat and fine-bred stock, com- fortable and, in some instances, elegant dwellings, and in the well-graded and well-kept highways. The queerest part of the story, perhaps, is that much of the best land in the township was not occupied until long after the little strips of timber along the streams — though of a greatly inferior character of soil — was occupied and improved. The reason for this becomes apparent, when it is considered that the first inhabitants of this country were all from the heavily- wooded States, that it was then apparent that the little bits of timber here and there must answer for both fuel and building purposes, until artificial forests could be grown, and that the prairie land was as dear as the timbered. In the minds of many Eastern people contemplating emigration, the timber question is yet an important one. Now, however, inhabitants of the prairie experience but little inconvenience from the lack of this former essential, the "depths"' producing an unlimited amount of fuel, and the railroads supplying from other sections building material of a better character than ever was produced here. In early times, a saw-mill was one of the first institutions to appear in the new -settlement. These have nearly all disappeared — not because the timber is completely exhausted — but rather that the lumber brought from the pineries of Michigan and Wisconsin is more easily worked and of a more suitable quality for building. The whole township is devoted to farming in connection with 576 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Stock-raising and dairying. Immense crops of com, oats and rye are produced : considerable pork is raised, and within the past few yeai's, a good deal of attention has been devoted to butter and cheese making. The township is a full Congressional town, containing thirty-six full sections, and is described in the survey as Town 33 north, and 10 east of the Third Princi- pal Meridian. It is bounded on the north by Jackson Township, on the east by Wil- ton, on the south by Wesley, and on the west by Wilmington. It is watered by Prairie Creek flowing through the northwestern part, and by Forked Creek and its branches flowing through the southern portion. These furnish excellent stock water to the farms lying adjacent. Stone, adapted to foundations for houses and for making lime, is found in some parts, and quarries are worked for these purposes. Some dispute as to who was the first settler of this town- ship has arisen in consequence of the nearness of some of the first settlements to the northwest corner, across the line from which other early settlements were made in adjoining townships. We have no doubt, from close investigation, that Le\^is Linebarger is justly entitled to that honor. Several others of the Line- barger family came to Jackson Township in the year 1832, and, as we have seen in the history of that township, returned to Ijidiana on the appearance of the Indian troubles. The next Spring, Lewis moved out and settled at what has since been known as Starr's Grove, though the neighborhood was then really considered a part of Reed's Grove. Perhaps, from this circumstance, Linebarger has been incorrectly accredited to Jackson Township. Linebarger built a log cabin, which was the first, and made other improvements. He did not enter the land, but subsequently sold his claim to Arthur Potts, and removed to Oregon, where he still resides. Arthur Potts, though not the next to make his appearance as a settler, was yet in the township of Wesley in 1834, and moved on the claim purchased of Linebarger a year or two later. Potts was a native of Indiana. He lived hei'e until 1854, and then removed to Iowa, having sold his farm to Duncan Mcln- tyre. Another of the Linebargers also settled in here in 1834. He, too, has removed to Oregon. Henry Moore was here in 1834. He Avas a native of Indiana, a good farmer, and removed to Iowa a number of years ago. In 1835, the township received an addition to its population that proved to be an addition, not only as to numbers, but in worth, in energy, in industry, and in general benefit to the community. Henry Althouse is a native of Prus- sia. He came to this country in 1819, landing in Baltimore that year. All that he had in the world, when he stepped ashore, was the clothes on his back, plenty of energy and a thorough knowledge of the baking business. In the business of baking he engaged, working at the trade in Maryland, Virginia and Ohio. In 1821, he married the lady with whom he has now lived fifty-seven years. In 1835, he concluded to turn farmer, and, with that intent, came to this place and laid claim to a piece of land. To this he has, by the utmost energy HISTOKV Ol' WILL COUNTY. 577 and industry added, until, at one time, he has owned 1,500 acres. He wouhi own it now, but having a view to the comfort and welfare of a large family, has divided it up and given to each of the nine surviving children a good farm and other property of value. He now resides at Wilmington, occupying the fine residence of the former banker, Daniels. He is 80 years of age ; but, with the exception of his loss of sight, 'retains his faculties, and seems a quarter of a century younger. John Kahler was also one of the earliest citizens of this vicinity, having settled here in IS'65. James Martin came in 1836. He was a native of Ireland, and proved to be a iirst-cla.ss citizen of this community. When he first came to the neigh- borhood, he assisted in the building of Dr. Bowen's mill at Wilmington. The school records show him to have been one of the first School Trustees, in 1842. His son William still occupies the old homestead, though the father has lain in the cemetery seventeen years. James W. Martin, another son, has filled the oflBce of County Treasurer to the satisfaction of all parties. About this time came Walter and Thomas Monteith. They were from New York. They lived here about ten years, and then removed to Oregon. Since their removal to that State, report says they have become very wealthy. David Bell was one of the next to settle here. He is a native of New York, and came first to Wilmington, where he earned a little money working at the trade of carpenter, bought a little land in the southwest part of the township, and by constant industry and good management has become wealthy. In 1837, Duncan Mclntyre and Daniel Stewart came from New York. Mclntyre took a claim on Section 28, the farm now belonging to Selah Morey, and built a cabin. Being unmarried at the time, he took to live with him Nel- son Wright and family, who had emigrated from New York with him. Subse- quently, Wright removed to Oregon, and Mclntyre sought elsewhere for a housekeeper ; and in this connection a little romance is related. Some years before, Mclntyre and some friends, while on a tour of inspection in the neigh- boring township of Wesley, were suddenly surprised by seeing coming toward them a man leading a little girl, then a mere child. The man informed them that they were emigrants from Michigan, and had just arrived at the place; that their wagon, with the balance of the family, had been left a little way behind, and they were seeking a place to spend the night. The man was Joseph Hadsel, and the little girl was his daughter. All of the gentlemen were struck with the quiet and simple beauty of the little girl ; but no one dreamed that this was to be the future Mrs. Duncan Mclntyre. But when Mr. Mcln- tyre's tenants, the Wrights, left his place, he then brought to mind the modest, intelligent face of Joseph Hadsel's daughter, who was then living with her lather in the adjoining township. An opportunity was not long in presenting itself for Mclntyre to renew the acquaintance of the now young lady, and his estimation of her growing as their acquaintance increased, and her regard for 578 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. hiin being of an equally high character, they were married in 1840. Three years later, Mclntyre and his wife returned to New York, where they lived four- teen years, and then returned to Florence, where he died some years later. Mrs. Mclntyre still resides at Starr's Grove, and with her lives her mother, the former Mrs. Hadsel, now verging on to her fourscore years, aad one of the oldest residents of this part of the county. Daniel Stewart, mentioned in Wilmington Township, was one of the stanchest and most honorable citizens of this neighborhood. In his line of business he was most successful, and accumulated a large amount of property. His death occurred about three years since. Walter W. Monteith, cousin of the Monteith before mentioned, came about the year 1841, and worked for a time in Gov. Matteson's woolen-factory at Joliet. On coming to this township, he settled near the center. He was one of the most popular (and deservedly so) citizens. He was the first Supervisor of the township, and held numerous other positions of honor and responsibility, in all of which he discharged the duties of the same in a most satisfactory manner. He has been dead about eighteen years. Charles Starr, after whom the little grove on Prairie Creek was named, was native of Nova Scotia. He was the father of Judge C. R. Starr, of Kankakee. Mr. Starr came to this country and to this township in 1842. He died a few years ago at a very advanced age — nearly 100 years old. In the same year, William Van der Bogert arrived from New York. He was elected, the same year, a Trustee of schools in this township, being one of the first three. Isaac Jackson also arrived in 1842. He was a native of Nova Scotia, and came with his family to Starr's Grove, having purchased 100 acres of land at that place. Mr. Jackson was a Quaker preacher, though in some points he differed from the orthodox Quakers. Before removing from Nova Scotia, he had built, at his own expense, a church, in which he preached his peculiar doctrines to all who desired to hear him, free of expense to his auditors. On leaving that country, he donated the house of worship to the congregation. After coming to this country, he frequently held religious services at schoolhouses throughout the county. Mr. Jackson was a most profound mechanical genius; and whether the circumstances called for the shoeing of a horse, the framing of a house, the building of a carriage in all of its parts, or the transforming of a piece of iron into the delicate hairspring of a chronometer, he Avas always found equal to the occasion. At his son Delancy's may be seen some of the instruments manufactured by him for his own use, which are pronounced by experts to be of the very finest character. He died iiere in 1875, at the advanced age of 90 years, his wife having preceded him in 1856. Enoch Jackson, a son of the above, served for eighteen consecutive years as Justice of the Peace in this township, during which time not a single one of his decisions was ever reversed by the higher courts. HISTORY OF WILI, COUNTY. 579^ « By the year 1848, quite a number more permanent settlements had been made, so that the population had become nearly one hundred. Among the principal ones who arrived during the years 1842-48, are remembered John Jordan, Rufus Corbett, George A. Gray, Adam White, EdAvard Gurney, the Bas- kerville family, Selah and Leonard Morey, William Barret, Dr. E. H. Strong, Adam White and sons John and James, C. G. Jewell, R. H. Nott, Andrew Layton, Henry Hand and Hezekiah Warner. The first move looking toward the organization of a means of educating the youth of this township originated with Henry Althouse, the next Winter after arriving here. The school consisted of only his own children and a child or two belonging to one of the neighbors. The school was taught in a room of Althouse's dwelling, by a young lady employed by him, and was more on the nursery style than conforming to the strict rules of the modern public school, the young lady being employed as much for the purpose of taking care of the children as for instructing them. In 1841, the first steps were taken to estab- lish a school for general and public instruction. A petition was prepared, and at the meeting of the Board of Trustees of Wilmington Township, in the Spring of the next year, presented to that body praying to be admitted as a part of the Wilmington District. The petition was considered favorably, and a school was established within the bounds of Florence, during the Winter of 1842-43. The attendance was only six scholars, and the term lasted but thirty-five days. Sarah Fisher is entitled to the credit of being the pioneer educator of the pub- lic school system of this township ; and for her services, as Principal of this Florence Academy, or Starr's Grove institute, or whatever it was called, she received $11.50. In 1845, the number of scholars in the township, living near Starr's Grove, liad increased to twenty-four, and Town 33, Range 10, was set of!" as a separate district. No schoolhouse had yet been erected, but schools were held in such rooms of private houses as could be spared. The first schoolhouse was erected in 1849, and was built by Selah Morey, for $250. The building, though not occupied at present for its original purpose, has been reconstructed, and is now in use as a dwelling. James Martin, John Kahler and William Van derBogert were the first Trustees. In 1865, the number of schools had increased to six; and at the present writing there are eight. In 1865, there were 482 persons in the township under 21 years of age, 342 of whom were between 6 and 21, and 284 of whom attended school during that year. The total amount expended that year for the support of schools was $1,174, of which $1,140 were paid as teachers' wages. These items are given for the purpose of comparing with like figures at the present time, which, with additional items showing the condition of schools at present, are given below : Number of schools ° Number of persons under 21 4*^9 Number attending school 243 ^80 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Number of teachers 14 Number of days attendance 24,f>47 Highest wages paid any teacher § 48 00 Whole amount paid teachers 2,082 00 Total expense of supporting schools 2,i'>32 00 Estimated value of school property 3,852 00 It will be seen by the above, that in 1865, the township had just reached its maximum, as to school population, and that since then, though the number of children has really decreased, additional school facilities have been provided, and although Avages, gold, interest, and every commodity has decreased to one- half, the amount expended for the sustenance of schools has been almost doubled. This would indicate almost 400 per cent increase in expenditures — taking into account the depreciated values of other items — which, if an indica- tion of an equally increased efficiency in the system, should be a source of con- gratulation to all patrons of the system. We are reliably informed that the schools of this township rank among the highest in merit in the county. The first year after the township organization act was in force, in this county, the township of Florence voted with Wesley and Wilmington, and John Frazier, of Wesley, was first Supervisor of the three. In 1851, however, the inhabit- ants of Florence determined to "set up a government of their own "; and, a petition to the Board of Supervisors having met with favorable consideration, an election was called to choose township officers, on April 1, 1851. W. W. Monteith was chosen Modei-ator of the meeting, and John Kahler, Clerk. There were 42 votes cast, of which the following persons received majorities for the respective offices, and were declared, elected : W. W. Monteith, Super- visor; William Van der Bogert, Assessor; Leonard Morey, Clerk; C. G. Jewell, R. H. Nott and G. A. Gray, Highway Commissioners; Charles Starr and Hezekiah Warner, Justices of the Peace ; Henry Hand and Andrew Lay- ton, Constables; Rufus Corbett, Overseer of the Poor; and Henry Hand, Col- lector. The voting population of the township has increased to about two hundred. The present officers of the township are: Royal Corbin, Supervisor; W. P. Strong, Clerk; William Nelson, Assessor; Peter Ohlhues, Collector: Cornelius Murphy and Edward Gurney, Justices of the Peace; Wesley Cook and William G. Cutshaw, Constables ; Patrick Naughton, David Forsythe and John Hay den, Commissioners of Highways'; John M. White, William Kerr and David Forsythe, School Trustees, and W. P. Strong, School Treas- urer. Florence Township was no idle spectator to the struggle of the country during the years 1861-65, to maintain the Union, but gave many noble sacri- fices, that the Government might live. The township was not drafted during the whole war, but furnished its full quota at every call. " Among those who not only risked their lives in the service of their country during this momentous period, but of whom even that was demanded and freely given, are remembered : Walter Van der Bogert, killed by a shell ; Charles Morey, died of disease con- ,^' CHICAGO fOffMERLfOr NEW LENOX Tf? '>U^. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 583 tracted in the array; Henry Ohlhucs, killed; Daniel Linebargcr,* killed at Ohickaraauga ; Norman Kahler, died of wounds ; Tliomas Martin, died in the army ; Charles Jackson, died of disease ; Thomas Stewart, died of army dis- ease ; William and John Shoemaker, died of disease ; Albert Wilkins, of dis- ease ; Almon Merrill, killed. A number of these names will be recognized as descendants of the old pioneer stock, named at the beginning of this article. Their fathers had braved dangers and suffered hardships to subdue the country, and make them homes, and now, when every fireside seemed to be in danger, they rose up with one accord to protect them. The only church-building within the boundaries of the township is the one erected by the German Evangelical Association, in 1874. The house is located on the southwest corner of Section 10, and is a neat frame structure, 32 feet in width and 43 in length. It is completely finished and paid for, having cost the Association $2,965. These people have had preaching in the vicinity for the last fifteen years, in schoolhouses and at private residences. John Jacob Asherwas the first minister of this denomination who held religious serv- ices here. Nicholas Witcshie and wife, Henry and John Rockey and J. Tay- 'lor were the first members of the organization which was efiected twelve years ago. When the house was completed, B. C. Wagner was the first minister employed to fill the pulpit. The present membership is about thirty, with Rev. Riemen Snyder, of Jackson Township, as Pastor. The northwestern and southwestern portions of the township, being adjacent to the towns of Elwood and Wilmington, are well provided with church privileges, though no houses of worship are to be found in those localities. GREENGARDEN TOWNSHIP. This township, until 1853, was included with Manhattan in what was known as Carey. Three years before the date named, the township of Trenton had been formed, and prior to that the territory of Greengarden had been in one precinct and another, as suited the convenience of its few inhabitants and the fancy of the courts that were authorized to appoint polling-places. Business now transacted within the limits of the township was done directly with the county authorities and at the county seat. By and by, the old county system became burdensome, and the business of each locality was delegated to local authorities. The mapmakers have always had a hard time of it. No sooner have they succeeded in getting a creditable article ready for the market, than a new boundary line, a new railroad or a new town would be located, and the sale of their works was thenceforth a drag. It is not only interesting and instruct- ive to look over a map of the olden time, but, in a sense, quite amusing. If we compare a map of the eastern coast of the United States, as published by the authority of the British Government, in the year 1700, with the more modern pub- * He was never seen after the battle and is supposed to have been killed. 584 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. lications of like character, we shall find features so different in the two as would not only be surprising to people ignorant of the history of the country subse- quent to that date, but which would cause no little astonishment in the minds of the well informed. Jjook at a map of the Northwest during a period just prior to 1765, and you will find it marked as "French Territory." Then this .same territory, from the date named until 1778, is delineated as. a "British Province." After this, from 1778 until 1787, what is now the State of Illi- nois appears as a part of Virginia. After this, for thirteen years, it is called the "Northwest Territory." In 1800, when our grandfathers were going to school, they were taught to call the whole of Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana and Michigan by the name of "Indiana Territory," and by this title it was known until 1809, when the mapmakers again had to change, and Illinois and Wis- consin Avere called the "Illinois Tei'ritorv." In 1818, when our fathers began to study geography, the atlases in which grandfather and grandmother studied would no longer answer the purpose, for Illinois had then become a State, with boundaries jco-extensive with what we now find them. The changes which have come to the State, in its geographical features, since its admission into the Union, are equally noticeable. The original number of counties was only fifteen. These have been divided and changed so that we now have one hun- dred and two, each change being a source of grief to the map publishers. Originally, the county Avas divided into voting precincts, then into townships, and the townships have been changed and divided to suit the wishes and con- venience of the inhabitants, with not the least regard for the feelings of those whose business it was to furnish the people of the county with maps. The township of Greengarden, like many others, has worried the mapmakers. But little more than thirty yeafs ago there was nothing here for the artist to sketch but the two little creeks and a boundless sea of grass ; but since then the changes in school districts, roads, farms and buildings have been so frequent and marked, that, almost before a chart of the township was off the press, a new one was required. Probably, however, the description of the township which follows will remain the same for many years to come, as, at present, the whole of it is settled up, and no moi"e changes are likely to be made for many years. Greengarden Township is bounded on the north by Frankfort, on the east by Monee, on the south by Peotone, and on the west by Manhattan. It is described in the Congressional survey as Town 34 north, Range 12 east of the Third Principal Meridian. It is a full Congressional town, containing thirty- six full sections, or 23,040 acres. The land in Greengarden will not suffer in comparison with any other town- ship in the county. Scarcely an acre, except what is taken up by the beds of Prairie and Forked Creeks, is untillable. The surface is gently undu- lating, none being either too rolling or too flat for successful cultivation. The soil is all that the agriculturist or the G-ardener could desire, being deep and rich, and capable of producing enormous crops of corn, oats, hay and vege- HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 685 tables of every kind. The two creeks named both rise near the center, and afford stock-water to the adjacent farms, except in the dryest seasons, when they are sometimes dried up. The township is entirely devoid of a natural growth of timber, and this accounts for the tardiness of its settlement. When the township of Crete, in the eastern part of the county, and all of the western , portion of the county had been well settled, this vicinity was just beginning to receive a few apparently unwilling squatters. They came from the heavily wooded States of Vermont and New York, or the equally densely timbered countries of the old world, and, finding the land adjacent to, the little belts of timber already occupied, were loath to venture out upon the prairie, as the lands- man is reluctant to venture upon the untried waves of the great ocean. The absence of timber for fuel, fencing and building purposes was certainly a great drawback. Not until 1865 was it known that within a few miles was a con- densed forest of fuel that would supply all this country for ages to come. Then, too, the prairie, as a field for farming operations, was only an experiment. It looked much to them as if an absence of timber might indicate a dearth in those qualities of soil necessary to produce good crops. The subjugating of the prairie, though, in comparison Avith the clearing of the eastern farms, a trifle, was, in their eyes, no small matter. The little bar-share plow, with the wooden mold-board, in common use in the East, was not to be thought of to turn over the thick prairie sod, matted with grass-roots, as hard almost- as hickory withes. But soon the inventive genius of the Yankee supplied an article, though some- what rude and unwieldy, with which most of these prairies have been brought to cultivation. The original "sod-plow " is now seen no more forever, as it has long since outlived its usefulness. It consisted of a large share, cutting a furrow two feet in Avidth, with iron bars for a mold-board. The beam of the machine was fifteen feet in length. No handles were needed, though sometimes they were attached, but were used only for the purpose of starting or throwing it out of the ground. To this immense machine were hitched from five to eight yoke of oxen. The breaking was usually done late in the Spring ; and, with the turning-over of the sod was deposited seed, which produced an inferior crop of corn the first year, growing and ripening without further attention. From tliis crop has come the brand of a favorite drink in the Westei'n country. Hay was cut with scythes and gathered with hand-rakes. Wheat was cut with cradles and threshed by causing horses to treAd upon it. These ancient landmarks have all passed away, and but few who wielded them remain to tell us the story of these and the many other peculiar institutions of the olden times. Here and there is seen a whitening head. Here and there we behold a tottering frame. Erelong, they too will have passed from earth, and their places will be filled with the more modern style of humanity. The first to venture out on the almost unknown waste of the prairie of Greengarden Township was M. F. Sanders, from Vermont. The date of his advent was 1847, and he has consequently been '^ a resident thirty-one years. The '''Squire," as he is fiimiliarly called, is well U<2^ 586 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. off in this world's goods, having not only survived the hard times incident to pioneer life, but has something "laid by for a rainy day." He was the first Justice of the Peace, and, in that capacity, performed the first marriage cere- mony in the township. G. M. Green, or " the Deacon," as he was generally called, was also a native 'of Vermont, and came to the place about the same time. He was a man of good (qualities and well worthy to bear the cognomen universally bestowed upon him. He removed from this place to Joliet, where he died some years ago. ;.•' - ■■-^^^- ' ^^'' /i'.^A.Uuj X Following these two^ families, and mainly through their influence, were a number of families from the same State. Within three or four years, Rev. t<'James Hudson, Daniel Haradon, David McClay and Hiram Twining arrived ' from Vermont and settled in the same neighborhood — the northwest part of the township. These people, it seems, were mostly of one religious faith — being that denominated Christians — not the branch sometimes called Disciples or Campbellites, but the branch founded by Smith and others some seventy-five years ago, and who would under no circumstances acknowledge any other name but that of Christian. In Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and some of the Eastern States are many of this persuasion ; but in this section a church of this faith is rare. Horace Mann, one of the greatest acknowledged educators of this countrv, did his last work as President of Antioch College, at Yellow Sprino-s, Ohio, the college then being one of the educational institutions of the denomination. Elder Hudson, soon after his arrival, organized the little com- munity into a Church ; and as such it was very prosperous for a few years, and drew around it a large number of enlightened and substantial people. But the good man's labors were not of long duration. His body was laid away beneath the priiii'ie sod soon after his work in this wild field had been successfully inaugurated. Hiram Twining still resides on the old place. His house, built before roads or partition lines were definitely known, proclaims itself to be one of the ancient landmarks, bv not "being placed due east and west," but varying from that usually accepted rule several degrees. In this house many of the early religi- ous and other meetings were held. The first township and school elections took place here, it being nearer the center of population than others of sufficient size for the purpose. About the same time, the Baileys and the Bemiss family arrived — the former from New York, and the latter from Michigan. Morrison and Martin Bailey were brothers. They were men of intelligence, and were counted as leaders in society and politics. Morrison Bailey was the first teacher that ever presided over a school in the township. At the first township election, held in 1853, Martin was elected Moderator, one of the four Overseers of Highways, Justice of the Peace and Supervisor. Morrison Bailey was the first Township Clerk. The Baileys removed a few years later. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. • 587 The Bemiss family consisted of Simeon and tiiree grown sons — Ejiliraim, James and Edwin. In the first election, this family was also honored with six offices. Simeon was elected Commissioner of Highways ; James, Clerk pro tem, and Justice of the Peace ; and Edwin, Road Overseer, Collector and Con- stable. This family also removed from the township after a short residence. Augustine Hauser, John Young, A. A. Angell, D. G. Jaynes and William Hutchinson were also early settlers. Hauser was a native of Switzerland, and came here with a little fortune, which he proposed to double in a short time in the manufacture of cheese. But it seems he was a little ahead of the time ; for the business, which to those embarking in a few years later was the means of realizing to them fortunes, was the means of his complete failure, and he left the township sevei'al thousand dollars poorer than when he came. The article manufactured by him was, it is said, of a superior quality ; but the reputation of Western cheese was not yet made, and, on account of the prejudice of dealers and consumers for the Eastern product, Hauser's scheme proved a failure. In the mean time, while the settlement in the northwestern part of the town- ship was well under way, another settlement was being formed a little further east and south. The first settlement was, in every respect, a Yankee enter- prise, while the other was as positively German ; and, while the former had for its central point its church organization, so also had the latter. The Dierks family and the Strassens, though not the earliest German set- tlers, came about 1851, bringing with them a preacher of their own faith, and immediately set about the organization of a society, and subsequently of erect- ing a house of worship. Probably, the very first German in the township was John T. Luehrs, now of Monee, who had come to this vicinity three years be- fore. Following him, in 1849, was his brother, F. Luehrs. The Dierkses were cousins to Luehrs, and came over at the instance of their relatives who had preceded them. The Dierks family consisted of Simon, Fred and G. A. Dierks, who have since all removed to Nebraska. On the recommendation of Luehrs, amongst numerous other families scattered all over this part of the State, came to the township in 1850, 0. H. Remmers, B. B. Henry, A. and G. G. Beiken. Peter and William Young, from the same country, but who had been living in Ohio, also came in 1850. The Y^oungs were not satisfied here, and sold out, William returning to Ohio and Peter moving further south. Fred Hassenjager and Peter Bowlander, the latter now a resident of Monee, were also among the earliest Germans. Hassenjager is an example of what industry and economy may accomplish in the face of deprivations and hardships incident to a pioneer life. When he came here, he was as poor as the poorest, now he is among the wealthiest citizens of this part of the county. One of the most important public acts of the township occurred about the close of the period of the two settlements named, and was the separation of the two portions of Trenton Township, now designated as Manhattan and Green- garden. It seems to have been the understanding from the first that, when 588 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. V both sections should have attained to a population sufficiently strong for sepa- rate organization, such division should take place, though it was hardly ex- pected that it would take place so soon. However, owing to the rapid filling-up of each, it was found not only feasible, in 1853, but there were many reasons adduced for separate organization, and thus a " peaceable secession " was accom- plished. Petitions were, therefore, presented to the proper authorities, and, by them, a division was made, accompanied with an order to hold elections. The elec- tion was accordingly held in this township, the first meeting taking place at Hiram Twining's house, on the 5th day of April, 1853. Martin Bailey was chosen Moderator and J. N. Bemiss, Clerk, pro tem. The result of the ballot was the election of Martin Bailey, as Supervisor ; Morrison Bailey, Clerk ; Edwin Bemiss, Collector ; George M. Green, Assessor ; A. A. Angell, Over- seer of the Poor ; Martin Bailey and J. N. Bemis, Justices of the Peace ; Ed- win P. Bemiss and A. A. Angell, Constables, and John Young, Simeon Be- miss and D. G. Jaynes, Commissioners of Highways, Of these, Martin Bailey had been Justice before, during the union of the two townships, and adminis- tered the oath to the judges and clerk on this occasion. The present officers of the township are: H. H. Strassen, Supervisor; Andrew Murdie, Clerk ; August Voigt, Assessor ; Peter Kenepper, Collector ; Jacob Froehner, Martin Sippel and Henry Hoppe, Commissionei'S of High- ways ; Henry Strassen and John Bobzine, Justices of the Peace, and George Jacobs, Constable. At the first election, there were twenty-seven voters present ; at the last, 204. It will be noticed that most of the present officers are German, while the first corps of officers were as decidedly Yankee. During the first few years, the settlement was marked by a preponderance of Americans ; but of later years, the German element has not only increased more rapidly, but, in reality, most of the Yankee population has disappeared, having sold out their farms to the Germans. In 1851, a post office was established in the Yankee settlement, Avith B,ev. James Hudson as Postmaster. The office was called Greengarden, and has been in existence ever since, though for the last two or three years its location has been within the bounds of Manhattan Township. These country post offices, like some orphan children, have a kind of vagrant existence, with no certain home, but travel from place to place at the pleasure or forbearance of their keepers. Greengarden Post Office has been no exception, as it has had many homes. Sometimes it has been sought, and at other times it has not had where to take up even a temporary abode. Due attention has been given to the intellectual and moral wants of the people and to the youth, and schoolhouses and churches abound. In the Winter of 1850-51, Morrison Bailey taught the first school, which consisted of fifteen or twenty scholars. Eight years later, from a report made HISTOKV OF WILL COUNTY. 589 to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, we learn that three schools had been organized, and in two of them schoolhouses were built. In the same year, 102 scholars were attending, out of 262 entitled to school privileges, that is, between 6 and 21 years of age. The present condition of the public school system in Greengarden Town- ship may be gathered from the following items extracted from the books of Township Treasurer F. Luehrs : Whole number of scliools Number of persons between 6 and 21 o76 Number of persons under 21 TM Number of months tauglit during the year 58 Highest wages paid fo any teacher ?4G 00 Amount paid out to teachers 1,752 30 Total paid for support of schools 2,438 20 Besides the instruction given in these schools, two private schools within the limits of the township, and another just in the border of an adjoining town- ship, afford school accommodations for quite a number of children. There are four church buildings, three of which have organizations. The Ohristian Church, already alluded to, is the oldest, being organized in 1847, and a building erected in 1861. The original members of the Church were : Rev. James Hudson, Samuel Bowen, Abel Perkins, Sr. and Jr., and Daniel Haradon, with their wives. In 1861, when the building was erected, the mem- bership embraced about forty persons. The house was raised on the 4th day of July of the year named, and dedicated soon after by Rev. Noah Johnson, under whose pastorate it had existed for some time, and who was mainly instrumental in having the building erected. This, it will be remembered, was the begin- ning of the rebellion, and most of the strong men of this neighborhood fought as they professed, and enlisted in the army. Therefore, during the balance of the struggle, the Church Avas weak. After the war was over, quite a number •who had been spared to return removed further west ; and, one drawback after another following, the organization continued to weaken until it was finally abandoned, and the building has not been occupied for two or three years. The German Baptist society was organized by Rev. H. Jacobs, who had emigrated from Germany with some of the founders of the Church. The date of the organization, though we are not able to state precisely, was about 1855, and the building was erected about six years later. The cost of the building was ^1,400, and of the parsonage, $800. The church was erected during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Janzen. It is a neat little frame, and stands on the southeast corner of Section 14, in an inclosure in which are deposited the remains of many of its early supporters and members. This church has also decreased in numbers, many of them having removed further west. The present Pastor is Rev. S. Kornier. St. Peter's German Evangelical Lutheran Church, situated two miles further north, was erected in 1867, at a cost of $2,000. Previous to this, for four 590 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. years, services and school had been conducted in the parsonage, which had been, built in 1863. The Church was organized at the last date named, by Rev. William Schaefer, with about twelve families. Four years ago, a new church- building was determined upon, and a fine edifice was erected at a cost of $3,000, and the old building has since been used as a schoolhouse. Rev. S. Lang is the present Pastor and teacher. The congregation numbers^about forty-three fam- ilies. School is sustained six months in each year. In 1871, the German Methodists erected a neat little church and parsonage near the middle of the northern portion of the township, at a cost of $1,200. The first Pastor was Rev. Carl Stelner. The present Pastor is Rev. Oust Peter, and the member- ship of the Church consists of about twenty-five families. School is kept open about six months each year. German, the common branches of education, and. the religion of the denomination are tanght. Throughout Will County, Greengarden is noted for its societies and mutual organizations, important among which is the Greengarden Farmers' Mutual. Insurance Company, protecting against losses by fire and lightning. This Com- pany is composed of about one thousand two hundred members. It was organ- ized in 1867, under the then existing township insurance law, and received its charter in 1869. The ofiicers of the Company are composed of a president and vice president, secretary and treasurer, who are and must be residents of the township of Greengarden, and of a director from each township aside from itself where said township shall have acquired a membership of thirty members. Its first local officers were : President, Henry Stassen ; Vice President, Frederick Buchholz; Secretary, Henry Vischoever, and Treasurer, H. H. Stassen. Its first oflBcers outside the township, which then consisted of its directors and solicitors, were : Henry Suhl, H. H. Stassen, Sr., Henry Engleman and Peter Conrad. Its present local officers are : President, Henry Eisenbrandt ; Vice President, Christian Buck; Treasurer, H. H. Stassen, and Secretary, August Voigt. Its present officials in and outside the township, which consist of its directors and solicitors, are : William Beutien, Nikol Eyrich, John Schoops, Andrew Holl, Henry Engleman, Diedrich Thiesfeld, August Stoekig, Hasch Siemsen, Charles E. Holstein, Henry Vischoever and John Stassen. The first application was made April 11, 1867, by Rev. Frederick Boeber, of Green- garden Township, policy $1,000. This is the cheapest insurance company in the State. Its motto is a union of many for the protection of the individual member, minus a profit to a third party. It insures farm property only, and. charges a one-half-per-cent cash premium, besides a premium note of 3 per cent on the one hundred dollars' worth of property insured by its members. Out of the one-half-per-cent cash premium charged, this Company has defrayed all expenditures, such as salary to officers, incidentals, etc., accompanying the organization of a company, and all losses incurred up to the present date, 1878, and has yet a cash balance on hand large enough to warrant the assertion that it will not make an assessment for a number of years to come. This Com- HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 591 pany is chartered for fifty years, at the expiration of which time, according to stipulations in contracts, its renewal can be obtained. Den Werth einer Sache weis man am besten zu schiitzen, wenn man es nicht hat. For a new township, and thinly settled as was this in 1861, Greengarden did a noble part in the late war ; and its record compares well with that of other portions of the county and State. Quite a number lost their lives in the service of their country, amongst whom are called to mind John Depuy, Stephen C. Kenny, George W. Holmes, Matthew Bush, Ellery B. Mitchell, E. J. White, Albert E, Devereaux, J. D. Blanchard, Albert Haradon and Erastus Rudd. ''''Requiem eternam dona eis Domine." CHANNAHON TOWNSHIP. Channahon is an Indian word, signifying the "meeting of the waters," and alludes to the confluence of the Des Planes and Du Page Rivers, which occurs near the center of the township, and was bestowed on the town by Judge Peck, one of the early settlers of the country. It is described as Township 34 north, Range 9 east, and is one of the best watered and best drained sections of the county. The surface is uneven and rolling, in some portions rising into bluffs, but upon the whole containing much fine farming land, though very little open prairie. At the time of the first settlements in Channahon, much of it was timbered, and what is termed in other States, "open barrens." It lies in the western tier of townships, adjoining Grundy County, and is south of Troy and north of Wilmington Township, with a population in 1870, of 1,164 inhabit- ants. The Illinois & Michigan Canal, and the Chicago, Pekin & Southwest- ern Railroad pass through the town, and afford excellent shipping facilities for the large amount of grain and stock annually produced by its enterprising cit- izens. Upon the whole, Channahon may be set down as one of the wealthy and prosperous townships of Will County. Joseph Shoemaker is supposed to be the first white settler in Channahon Township. He came from Ohio, and made a claim here in 1831, and is still living in the corner of the town, but has traveled around considerably since his first settlement in this section ; has made a trip to California, and to Nebraska, but finding no place better than Illinois has returned and settled in his old township. The Tryons and Knapps came from Vermont in 1833, and settled on Section 8, between the Des Planes and Du Page Rivers. The colony con- sisted of George and Russell Tryon, who were both single men at the time, and Dr. Ira 0. Knapp, his wife and Miss Knapp, a single sister, now the wife of Lyman Foster of Plainfield. Dr. Knapp is a nephew of th« Tryons, and his wife and sister comprised the only ladies of their party. He built a log house on his claim 18x20 feet in size, in which all lived for two or three years. Dr. Knapp says he at one time had eight boarders in this little house, as other 592 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. early settlers would come in, and he would entertain them until they found locations and provided other accommodations. His description of this prim- itive residence shows what the early settlers had to put up with forty years ago, and were contented if even a shelter could be procured. As stated, the house was 18x20 feet, and three sides of it were of logs, while one end was left open for a fire-place, which was the usual mode then of cabins and fire-places, and the only sawed boards were what the door was made of, the floors and roof being of "shakes" or "clapboards," and puncheons or slabs split out of trees. Dr. Knapp and George Try on still live upon their original claims ; Russell Tryon died about three years after their settlement here. The party stopped first in Plainfield, or Walker's Grove, and finding the timbered land all claimed in that region started out on a prospecting tour, and came down through the present township of Troy into Channahon, west of the Du Page River, where they selected locations, and returned to Plainfield for the purpose of removing their efiects to their claims. In coming back to the place selected, they met with a irf&n named McGill, mentioned as an early settler in Troy Township, who volunteered to come with them and show them eligible points for settle- ment. Instead of allowing them to go to the west side of the river, where they had selected claims, he conducted them to their present places, and told them the land was far superior to that on the opposite side, a fact that subsequent developments have proved to be true. New York State furnished Channahon a number of its early settlers, and some of its most enterprising and worthy citizens. Among them we may men tion Michael Morehouse. J. N. Fryer, Isaac Jessup, E. C. Fellows, Dr. Scher- merhorn and his brother, Barant; Judge William B. Peck, Peter McCowan, Burke and Isaac Van Alstine, H. D. Risley, Jedediah, Gerry and Walter. Fames, and a man named Baurlyte. Dr. Schermerhorn was a practicing physi- cian, and settled in the town in 1834. Jacob B. Schermerhorn, a son of his, also came this year, but before the old gentleman, and made a claim on Section 8, where he died about fifteen years ago. Barant Schermerhorn, a brother to the Doctor, came the following year, and settled in the neighborhood, where he died many years ago. The Doctor, after practicing his profession here several jear?, removed to Ottawa. He died some years ago, but his widow was still living there at the last known of her. Morehouse settled on Section 17, in 1834, where he died in 1875 at the age of fourscore. He was a married man when he came to the settlement, but boarded with Dr. Knapp until he made his claim and built a house. J. N. Fryer was a son of Mrs. Morehouse by a former marriage, and came here with them. He is living near the village of Channahon, and is one of the most prosperous farmers and citizens of the township, and withal one of the popular and public-spirited men of the day, as evidenced by the fact that he has held the office of Supervisor of the town since 1866 without interruption. Isaac Jessup and family settled in the town in 1834, in good time to raise a crop of corn that season. The first flour they used in their HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 503 new home was procured from Thornberg's, who settled here the previous year. John S., a son of Isaac Jessup, and who was rather young wlien they came to the country, is now a merchant in Wihnington. Another son is an Episcopal clergyman in New Orleans. It is said that Butler, when in command at New Orleans during the war, arrested and imprisoned him at Fort Pickens because he would not pray for the President of the United States according to Ihe Episcopal Creed. The other sons of William Jessup are dead, but several daughters are still living. He died in 1853. Judge William B. Peck settled in the town in 1835, a little north of the present village. He received his title of Judge while living in New York, and was what was termed a "Side Judge," corresponding, we presume, with the Associate Justices of other States in the olden time. E. C. Fellows and George Tryon married daughters of Judge Peck. The wife of the former is still living, and two sons of the Judge are living, one in New York and the other in California ; but the old gentleman died some twenty years or more ago. E. C. Fellows settled in the town in 1836, but soon removed to Joliet, where for some time he was a prominent lawyer, and where he is noticed as one of the first lawyers in that city. Burke and Isaac Van Alstine settled northeast of the village of Channahon in 1835. The former is still a resident of the township, while Isaac lives in the village. Peter McCowan settled in 1835 on Section 5, where he died about fifteen years ago. H. D. Risley settled in the town in 1834, and was a prominent man and served a terra as Sheriff of the county. He died about 1856 or 1857. Jcde- diah, Gerry and Walter Eames, three brothers, settled in this section in 1834, and are all dead. Baurlyte settled here in 1834, but after a residence of a year or two, became disgusted with the wilderness of the West and returned to New York. Robert Thornberg, Seymour Treat and a man named Greggs came from Indiana in 1833, and are numbered among the very first settlers of Channahon Township. Thornberg died several years ago, but his sons are still living in the neighborhood. Greggs moved to Iowa in 1836. Treat and his two sons, Isaiah and Stephen (one of them a doctor), settled in this township as above stated, and built a grist-mill at the foot of the island, which is called by their name. The Lewises came from the chalky cliffs of Old England, and first settled in Grundy County, just over the line. Joseph Lewis has long been one of the prominent business men and merchants of Channahon. He settled in Grundy County in 1834, and, in 1850, removed to the village of Channahon, where he still lives. Henry Lewis and Dr. William Lewis, his brotliers, came to the country in 1833, the year before Joseph came. Dr. Lewis was one of the early practitioners of this section of the country, and died in Grundy County, and Henry was drowned some years ago in the Kankakee River. Gibson Willard came here in 1834 and made a claim, but did not bring his family until the next year. Reuben G. Willard, a nephew, came with him, and, several years later, Reuben Willard, a brother to Gibson Willard, settled in the town. They 594 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. are all gone now, either dead or moved away, except some grandchildren, who still live in the neighborhood. Hosea Buel settled on Section 5 in 1835, and died twenty or twenty-five years ago. Joseph McCune settled in this township, east of the Des Planes River, in 1832 or 1833, where he died a few years ago. John Troutman settled in the same neighborhood about the same time of McCune. John Ward settled in the town in 1834, but of him but little could be learned. In giving the list of settlers in Channahon Township, we should not omit the mention of a small part of the Fifteenth Amendment, whom many of our readers will remember as " Nigger Dick." This comprises the names of the early settlers so far as they can now be obtained. Any omissions of names entitled to mention as early settlers, result from the fact that the few pioneers left have forgotten them. Forty years is a broad expanse, over which the memory may not always travel with clearness, and that many should be for- gotten is but characteristic of human nature. Channahon Township was, previous to its settlement by the whites, a favor- ite abode and hunting-ground of the Indians of the Pottawatomie tribe, and many of them were to found here after white men began to settle in the town. They had a village here at one time, traces of which long remained, and mounds, where they buried their dead. Judge WoodruiF mentions the grave of one, in his "Forty Years Ago," near the residence of Mr. Treat, who was buried in a sitting posture, and supposed to be one of their prominent men, as they always took great pains to visit it in passing up and down the river. They made a visit to Chicago to receive their wampum, before leaving for the " Far West," and returned to Channahon for a farewell look at the homes of their youth. It is said that many shed tears on leaving forever the spot where their lives had been passed, and that all appeared downcast and sad. If this be true, it shows up a new phase of Indian character, and proclaims them, after all, tinged with a light touch of humanity, though there are many who are a little skeptical as to the feeling said to have been displayed by them on leaving this section, and say that most of them manifested the most childish enthusiasm at the " change of base." But on one point they generally agree, and that was, their loneliness after the departure of the Indians ; for quite a sociability had sprung up between the two races, particularly between the female portion, and the squaws would frequently visit the whites and bring their papooses with them, and seemed to enjoy, with the most unbounded delight, the hospitality extended by their pale-face sisters. The chief, Bourbonnais, or, as called by the French and Indians, Bil-bo-nee, with the accent on the last syllable, had a great many ponies, and seems to have been quite a lover of horse-flesh. The Indi- ans were great gamblers and horse-racers. "Bil-bo-nee" had a race-course near his village, where they used to race a great deal, and would sometimes bet high on the speed of their ponies. Their track was straight and very level, and did not circle, like those of their white and more refined friends. The chief was a great friend to the white people as long as he remained here, and parted HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 595 ■with them with apparent regret. And, as stated above, a kind of lonely feel- ing settled over the comnmnity after the Indians had gone. For, with a feel- ing somewhat akin to that of the poet, who wrote within a gloomy prison : " With spiders I have friendship made, And watched them in their sullen trade ; Have seen the mice by moonlight play — " and for a lack of a sufBciency of copnianionship in this, their wilderness, a warm friendship had originated between the races ; and when the Indians departed, it left quite an opening in the country, and some few there were who mourned their absence. The first white child born in the township was George Knapp, a son of Dr. Knapp, and was born in July, ]834r. This, at least, is the first that can now be recalled. Jedediah Eames was killed by lightning in April of 1835 or of 1836, which was probably the first death which occurred in the small settle- ment. Just who were the first parties to commit matrimony, cannot now be ascertained. Judge Peck's daughters were married very early in the history of the settlement ; but whether George Tryon and Miss Peck were the first mar- ried in the town is not known, but they were among the first. Dr. Knapp was the iirst practicing physician, and Dr. Lewis was the next and very soon after Knapp, while Dr. Schermerhorn was also one of the early doctors of the town. Dr. Knapp retired from the practice of medicine more than twenty-five years ago. The first preacher " crying in the wilderness " of Channahon was the Rev. Mr. Perry, who proclaimed the Word here as early as 1836. He was a Congregational or Presbyterian minister, and was said to be the laziest man the township ever knew. Dr. Knapp went fifteen miles for him to come and preach in their neighborhood. Services were held in the house of Russell Tryon, who •was unmarried and gave the use of his residence for a chapel and schoolhouse. The following story is told in illustration of Mr. Perry's " native indolence : " He cut his foot one day, very slightly, with an ax, a wound that an ordinary man would have paid no attention to. But he bundled up his foot with several pounds of rags, dismissed his school, and declined to preach the first Sunday after it occurred. The next Sunday, however, he appeared, with foot well bun- dled up, hobbling along with a cane, and when commencing to preach, put his foot on a chair, while he bore his entire weight on his well foot. During his sermon he became somewhat excited, forgot his wound, set his lame foot on the floor and the well one on the chair, which so amused the audience that the good effect of his sermon, if there was any, was lost. He also taught the first school in the township, which commenced simultaneously with his preaching, and was taught in Russell Tryon's house, which, as above stated, was used both as a church and as a temple of learning. The first schoolhouse was built in 1837-38, on Section 8, near Dr. Knapp's, and was a frame building, something uncommon for school edifices at that early •day. In 1872, the school record was as follows: Nine school districts; 415 596 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. pupils enrolled; 13 teachers employed; 1 graded school; 5 schoolhouses ; special tax for support of schools, $12,000 ; amount paid teachers, $3,357 : total expenditures for the year, $5,375.95; balance in treasury, $310.80 — which statistics have not materially changed since that report. The first church edifice, and the only one in the town, was built in the vil- lage, where it is again referred to. The first mill was built on the Des Planes River, by Seymour Treat and his son, as already noticed. It was a log struct- ure and ground wheat and corn. It was built-in 1837-38, and has long since passed away; "But," says Dr. Knapp, "when we got that mill in operation in our settlement, we thought we had a big thing." The first post office was established in 1836, through the instrumentality of Judge Peck, who was the first Postmaster. The name of the office was Du Page, a name it bore until the laying-out of the village of Channahon, when it was removed to the village and the name changed to Channahon. Judge Peck was also the first Justice of the Peace, and was appointed or elected to the office about 1837. At present, J. N. Fryer and Albert Randall are Justices of the Peace ; J. N. Fryer, Super- visor ; Dr. Joseph Fitch, School Treasurer, and Timothy Gorman, Town Clerk. The first road laid out, passed through the southwest corner of the township to Joliet, and the first bridge Avas built across the Du Page River, on Section 18 ; and was built by the people, of logs, and a rather rough affair. The town is well supplied with bridges at the present time, over the Du Page, Des Planes and the Canal, though none of them are iron bridges. They are substantially built, however, with stone foundations, and answer all practical purposes. The first store is noticed in the history of the village. The first blacksmith was Julius Sackett, who kept a shop in the town as early as 1838 or 1839, though of him, little could be learned. The first Supervisor of Channahon, after town- ship organization in 1850, was George Tryon, who served for 1850-51. Since then the following gentlemen have served in that capacity : H. Henderson, 1853; J. B. Schermerhorn, 1854-56; Charles C. Smith,' 1857-61; E. H. Jessup, 1862; John T. Randall, 1863-65; J. N. Fryer from 1866 to 1878, inclusive, and is the present incumbent. His long service as Supervisor is the most satisfactory evidence as to his efficiency in the office he fills. The sandstone quarries of Channahon furnish a very superior quality of building-stone, and were opened originally by Joseph Lewis, long one of the prominent business men of the village of Channahon. Another quarry of a similar character was opened and worked for a time by Patrick Conroy. None , of these quarries are now in operation, a fact that seems strange, when we con- sider the excellent and cheap transportation of freights by way of the Illinois k Michigan Canal. With the apparently inexhaustible supply, the ease with which the stone is reached, it would be natural to suppose that this would be the leading business of the town. Quite an item of importance in the history of this township, is the cheese-factory and creamery. It is owned by Charles C. Smith, one of the wealthy and solid men of the place, and George Alexan- HISTOKY OF WILL COUNTY. 597 der. The factory was built in the Spring of 1877, and has since done a large and extensive business, which is increasing rapidly in volume. They manufiict- ure both cheese and butter, purchasing a large quantity of the milk used, while some is made up for their patrons. A grain elevator was built some years ago by H. S. Carpenter, on the Canal, a short distance above the village of Channa. hon, which is now owned by a man named Knapp,* but is at present standing idle. The business has, during the past Summer, been transferred to the Rock Island Railroad which passes within a few miles of the place. The building is an excellent one, provided with steam power, and it seems a pity that it should remain closed and tenantless. The township is pretty evenly divided on political issues, a small majority, however. Democratic. In the old times of Whigs and Democrats, it voted solid, almost, for Andrew Jackson, and many there are who still vote for the old hero of New Orleans, notwithstanding the great revolution of political questions. Its record during the late war was patriotic, as was every portion of Will County. But as their lijstory and patriotism have been ably written, we shall not attempt to repeat it here. VILLAGE OF CHANNAHON. The village of Channahon is situated on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and on the Du Page River, a little above its junction with the Des Planes, and has the double advantage of a most excellent water-power, and a cheap freight trans- portation. It was laid out by Myrvin Benjamin, in 1845, and -was called Du Page, after the first post office established in the township. During the build- ing of the Canal, it is said that the Canal Trustees had something to do with the village, in some way or other, and called it " Swifton," after one of their number ; but this story is disputed by some of the old citizens of the place, who say that its name still stands upon the records as Du Page, although the name of the present post office is Channahon, and the village is usually called by the same name. The first house erected in the village was put up by Benjamin, about the time of the laying of it out, and was used as a hotel by Mrs. Story. It is now occupied as a residence by David Billsland. Chauncey Stickney opened the first store in the village in 1845, which was the first mercantile venture in the township as well as in the village. After the laying-out of the village, Du Page post office was removed into it and the name changed to Channahon, and at present Charles Fowler is Postmaster. The following is the business sum- mary: Four stores, by C. & C. E. Fowler, J. Lewis, Dr. Joseph Fitch, Timothy Gorman ; one grocery store ; two blacksmith-shops ; one wagon-shop and hard- ware store. For a small place like Cniannahon, there is quite an extensive business carried on, and a good trade maintained. They have the advantage of a daily mail, which is brought across the country from Minooka, a point on the Rock Island Railroad. The Channahon Mills were built by Joseph Lewis, and * No relation to Dr. Knapp of this township. 598 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. after passing through the hands of several parties, are now owned by a man named Sprague, and at present operated by a Mr. Eversoll. They are frame buihlings, containing two runs of buhrs, for flour and feed, and run by the water power of the Canal. The Methodist Episcopal Church, located in the village of Channahon, is the only church edifice in either township or village. It was built in 1852-53, and is a large and handsome frame building. Rev. R. K. Bibbins was the Pastor last year, but the session of Conference just closed sent to the charge Rev. Mr. Gillespie. There is a membership of between eighty and ninety, with a Sunday school equally strong, under the superintendence of Dr. J. Fitch, Although this is the only church-building in the township, religious services are frequently held in the schoolhouses, as well as Sunday schools. The first scboolhouse built in the village of Channahon was in 1839, before the village was laid out, and is now degraded by being used as a stable ; the next one was built in 1864, and burned in 1868, when the present handsome edifice was erected and opened in 1869. It is an elegant and substantial two-story frame building, finished off in the most approved modern style. The school is graded, with a high-school department, and is in charge of Prof. Layburn, assisted by Misses Brown and Blount. The Masonic Order is represented by Channahon Lodge, No. 262. It was chartered in 1857, and the present officers are as follows : Albert Randall, Worshipful Master ; Nelson Bedford, Senior Warden ; R. C. Miller, Junior Warden, and C. Fowler, Secretary, with forty-five names on the roll of mem- bership. This comprises the history of the pretty little village, nestled among the bluffs of the Du Page and Des Planes Rivers. It is a beautiful location for a town, but, owing to the railroads which pass within a few miles of it, there is but little probability of its ever growing to the size of Chicago. Shermanville is a place only in name. A stone quarry was opened here a few years ago, and an effort made for a village ; but for some cause the quarries were discontinued, and the prospects of a town became extinguished. There is not, we are told, a house or even a cabin to designate the spot laid down on the map as Shermanville. Gravel Bank Station is another place of like propor- tions, and consists chiefly of a side-track on the Chicago, Pekin & Southwest- ern Railroad, for shipping grain and stock. WESLEY TOWNSHIP. The alarms of cruel butcheries and inhuman massacres by the Indians had but ceased to echo through the State of Illinois, and the tracks of the red men were still visible in the soil — the Government having but recently removed them to reservations beyond the Mississippi — when emigrants from all portions of the East and South came pouring into the State. Prior to 1832, many settlements & ,,,r^ju LENVX TR NEW S-^*-T^l^. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 601 had been made in the southern and northwestern portions of the State ; and, in tlie part of the State now embraced in Will County, a few white people had settled among the Indians. But in the year named, owing to the troubles alluded to, this county, with others near the scene of hostilities, was entirely depopulated, and immigration was temporarily checked. As soon, however, as it was apparent that the danger was past, the tide again set in with redoubled volume. ' Before the Black Hawk troubles, probably, no white man had ever con- sidered the part of the county now called Wesley Township his home, no traces of white men's cabins, or other improvements being detected two years later. John Williams, who still resides in the township, says that, when he first visited the place, in the Fall of 1833, there were no indications that it had ever before been inhabited except by Indians, and that his little cabin, erected at that time, was the first domicile of that nature ever erected here. Williams was from the Old Dominion, formerly, but had come to the vicinity of Danville in 1831, and ■was living there when the war broke out. lie remembers quite well seeing the troops leave Danville, on their march to Rock River, where Black Hawk was gathering his allies, preparatory to taking possession of that region, and sweeping off the white population who had dared to encroach upon his domain. In 1833, he came to Joliet, and from there out to this place, to select some land, split rails and build a cabin, preparatory to making a permanent settle- ment the next Spring. In May of the next year, 1834, he moved to the place, occupied his land and began making other improvements. Mr. Williams was then 33 years old, being born in 1801. He still lives at the age of 77, with body and mental faculties unimpaired, and it is to him that we are indebted for most of the early history of the township. Though Williams was the first to make an improvement in Wesley Town- ship, he was preceded two weeks in its occupation. When Williams came to occupy his new home, he found George M. Beckwith, Andrew Pettijohn and Absalom Heyworth already here, and learned that they had left Indiana about a month before, and had arrived here after a journey of twelve days. Beck- with's brother, Daniel W., had been employed by the Government to survey this portion of the State, and from him he had learned of the character of the country, and had moved out. George M. Beckwith was a lawyer, or at least practiced a little in the lower courts, and before Justices of the Peace. He was also a good farmer. He died in 1845, of what is sometimes termed "milk-sickness." His widow afterward married John Frazier, who was also one of the early citizens in this neighborhood. Daniel Beckwith, to whom allusion has just been made, took a severe cold Av'hile engaged in the work spoken of, from which he never recovered, but died in 1834. A few weeks after Williams settled in his new home, John and Alexander Frazier and James W. and Joseph Kelly, from the same neighborhood in 602 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Virginia, made their appearance in the community. These were men whose coming would be a source of congratulation to any neighborhood and at any time ; but at the time of which we write were they especially welcome. John Frazier was a man of education, and proved to be one of the most useful and influential citizens of the township. He was the first Supervisor of AVilming- ton Township, when Wesley constituted a portion of it ; and, upon the division, he was elected to the same office from this precinct. There was hardly a posi- tion of responsibility and trust but that he has filled, and that with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He died September 13, 18G8, and his brother Alexander about two years later. Arthur Potts and Robert Wat- kins, from Virginia, and Hamilton Keeney, from the same State, emigrated to this place a little later, arriving in the Fall of 1834. Watkins was a man of good judgment and some education. He was one of the early Justices of the Peace, being elected to the office before the township was organized. Hamilton Keeney was also a leading man. During the year 1835, quite a number of new settlers made claims and occupied land, among whom are remembered J. T. Diivis, George Gay, T. McCarty, Wesley Carter and Griffy Davis. J. T. Davis was an old veteran of the Revolutionary war; was in Washington's army, and in the important capture of the Hessians at Trenton. He used to relate the circumstances at- tending this movement with great minuteness and much interest. One of his greatest enjoyments was in thus "fighting his battles over again," and many a pleasant hour the younger folks enjoyed in listening to the old soldier's stories. The other Davis, "Griffy," was not a relative of the veteran. He came from Ohio, with his young wife, who took sick almost as s Jon as she ar- rived, lingered for six months, and died. This was the first death that occurred in the neighborhood. Rough but kindly hands laid her away in the soil of the strange land, and Davis returned to his native State. The place of burial was marked with only a slight wooden headboard, and, it having long since decayed, the spot is not now known. David Blackwell, though not a permanent settler, being a Methodist preacher, came in this year, and organized the Church of that denomination. William Forbes, William Goodwin, John Strunk, Henry Moore, Joseph Hadsel, Daniel McGilvery, John G. Putnian and Elias Freer came in during the two years ending 1837. Forbes was a soldier of the Avar of 1812, and, like Davis, was fond of entertaining his friends with incidents of his soldier life. He was a millwright, and in this trade he is said to have excelled. He was subpoenaed in the great Parker wheel suit, as a witness against the patentees ; and, though they had successfully contested the rights of many millers to use their device on account of its "back-action" feature, Forbes showed so con- clusively to the Court the fallacy of their claim that not only did they lose this suit, but never afterward attempted to enforce a claim against an infringer. One of the counsel for the plaintiffs declared that Forbes knew more about HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 603 liydraulics than any other man in America. John Strunk was a son-in-law of Forbes, and was also a miller, lie worked in the mills at Wilmington for a time, and afterward moved to Momence. and bought the mill at that place. He died at Momence, about fifteen years ago. ^yilliam Goodwin was one of the most substantial farmers of Wesley Township. His farm, near the center of the township, is one of the most valuable in this vicinity. William Good- win died about* a year ago, at the age of 68 years, leaving a very large estate. Daniel McGilvery was a Scotchman. He died of consumption, in 18r)G. All of his family have since been taken away by the same disease. Joseph Hadsel was a native of New York, but had lived for a time in Michigan. His family consisted of himself, wife and six children, all of whom, except his wife, now verging on to her fourscore years, and a daughter, wife of the late Duncan Mclntyre, of Florence Township, are now dead. One son, Charles, met a torturous death at the hands of the Indians, in New Mexico, whither he was traveling in 1862. Two other sons, Thomas and William, both died the same day, in this township, one of consumption and the other of pleurisy. The older Hadsel passed away in 1852. Elias Freer was a native of New York. His son. Dr. Freer, was one of the most prominent physicians of the Northwest, being, at the time of his death, a couple of years ago, President of Rush Med- ical College, of Chicago. Another son, L. C. P. Freer, is a prominent lawyer of the same city. Elias Freer removed from the township some years ago. Some of the old settlers will remember Adam Reinish, of Reinish Creek. Could his history all be known, it would, doubtless, prove an interesting one, as he served in the war between the French and Russians, and was with Napoleon's army in the retreat from Moscow. No one familiar with that wonderful cam- paign can doubt but that Reinish saw sights that neither pen nor words can faithfully describe. John G. Putnam, mentioned among the early settlers of Wilmington, was also an early settler here, being in this neighborhood as early as 1837. By the year 1845, many more had joined the settlement, prominent among whom were James Gould, John Kilpatrick, Anson Packard, David Willard, B. F. Morgan, Richard Binney, Robert Kelly and William Killy. Their names are given as nearly in the order of their coming as can now be remem- bered. James Gould was one of the most solid men of the township. He grew quite wealthy, and when he died, left a large estate, all of which was accumulated here. John Kilpatrick was also a good citizen, and left to the world a legacy of value — a good family. Hon. David Willard is a native of New York. When he first came to the county, he was employed as a laborer by Peter Stewart. He is a man of high standing, politically and socially. He has served the county eight years as County Judge, and in the discharge of his duties jjave the most eminent satisfaction. B. F. Morgan is also of New York. He has gained the enviable reputation of being a good citizen. Richard Bin- * June 18, 1877. (304 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. ney was a native of New York. He was a man of worth and a successful farmer. He died in 1856, leaving a wife, who still survives him. William Killy was from the Isle of Man. All that can be said of a good citizen can be truthfully said of him. He died about eight years ago. His son John occupies the farm. Robert Kelly came from New Orleans. A little incident is related of his com- ing, which is at the same time interesting and amusing. When Kelly came to the neighborhood, it was with the object of purchasing a piece of land, with a view of making it a home. Having fixed upon a tract belonging to John Kil- patrick, which land was for sale, a bargain was struck, the deed made and the purchase-money paid down — $800, all in Mexican dollars. Kelly, having bought his home, went his way, intending to return the next season to put out a crop and make improvements, and Kilpatrick pocketed his cash, congratulat- ing himself on having made a good sale. By and by Kilpatrick wished to use some of the money, and it was paid out in various ways — some of it paying bills at the store and other amounts being loaned to neighbors, who used it for different purposes, so that, in a short time, it was all in circulation. All at once it was discovered that the whole lot of coin was bogus. In those times, money did not leave a community and circulate so rapidly as now, so that, although the $800 had all been paid out, it had not left the neighborhood, and small amounts were in the hands of almost everybody. By common consent, and a suspicion that, perhaps, after all, the money was genuine, it continued to cir- culate and was paid out and taken at par. Gradually the coins became scarcer, indicating that they were finding their way out into the world : but " Kilpatrick 's currency " was a standing joke for years after the last piece was seen. Kilpatfick and Kelly were both innocent parties, having both received and paid out the" stufi",' supposing it to be good. Kelly returned in the Spring following and occupied his farm, and was much surprised to learn that it had been bought with counterfeit money, and gratified that it had been placed beyond redemption. Nearly all of the settlers of this neighborhood were Methodists, and one of the first public acts was to organize a society for the purpose of holding religious services. In the Winter of 1834-35, meetings were held, and Rev. David Blackwell was sent by the M. E. Conference to preach. A Church and Sunday school were organized, and these have both continued in operation ever since. Although this society is the only religious organization in the township, and, although it has been quite strong and wealthy, no exclusive church-building has ever been erected. For a number of years, services were held in the little schoolhouse. After a time, when the congregation had outgrown its narrow quarters, it was proposed to build a new schoolhouse of such dimensions as would answer both purposes, and this building has ever since been occupied by the society and the school. The first members of the society or class were John Frazier. James W. Kelly, Hamilton Keeney, John Williams and John Kilpatrick, with their wives. Rev. Mr. Meedham is the present Pastor of the Cliurch. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 605 The first school taught in the township was in John Williams' log kitchen. The school was taught by John Frazier, in the Winter of 1836-37. The next Summer it was deemed expedient to build a house for that purpose. This was the first schoolhouse erected on either bank of the Kankakee River, in what is now Will County. The building is still in use, but not as a schoolhouse. It now serves the ignoble purpose of a lumber-room, on the farm of Frank Childs. The earliest record of schools dates back to 1841, and shows three schools in operation at that time. Of these, Timothy McCarty, James Iladsel and Joseph Dunlap were Directors of District No. 1 ; James W. Kelly, Robert Watkins and John Williams, of No. 2 ; and G. M. Beckwith, John Kilpatrick and Nathan Smith, of No. 3. The school township then, as now, occupied all of Town 32 north, Range 10 east ; and, consequently, all of that portion of Custer Township, then settled, was embraced in District No. 3, Nathan Smith being the Director from the " other side of the river." The arbitrary formation of all Congressional towns into school towns, while townships are bounded in many cases, as in this, by different lines, makes it impossible to give exact statistics. At the date named, there were in the school township, 132 children, 45 of whom were in District No. 1 ; 51 in District No. 2 ; and 36 in District No. 3. The first name appearing on the record as School Treasurer, is that of David Willard, who continued to exercise the functions of that office until 1865. In 1846, a new district, designated as No. 4, was formed of that portion of No. 3 which lay in Custer, or south of the river. The following tabic will serve to show the con- dition of schools at this date : No. of schools 10 No. of persons between 6 and 21 354 No. of children attending school 317 Amount paid teachers 51,8'24 (lO Total expenses for sustaining schools 2,394 OU The first year after the township organization act was in force in this county, Wesley Township was a part of Wilmington, as was, likewise, Florence. Of these three, John Frazier was elected Supervisor. The next year the township of Wesley was formed and township officers elected. The first election was held at the schoolhouse, in District No. 2, April 1, 1851. Henry D. Childs was Moderator, and H. B. Putman, Clerk. Fifty-eight votes were cast, of which majorities were declared for John Frazier as Supervisor ; Elias Freer, Clerk ; David Willard, Assessor ; Anson Packard, James Gould and Daniel McGilvery, Commissioners of Highways; B. F. Morgan, Collector; David Willard and Alfred Warner, Justices of the Peace ; Daniel Ferris and Palmer Robinson, Constables ; and Samuel Jewet, Overseer of the Poor. The present officers are as follows: Harvey Warner, Supervisor; Levi A. Richardson, Clerk ; D. B. Ritchey, Collector; II. H. Jones, Assessor; John Ritchey and Amasa Richardson, Justices of the Peace ; Charles Muncey, Constable ; Joseph John- (506 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. son, George Binriey and Thomas W. Jones, Commissioners of Highways ; and Schuyler Ackerman, School Treasurer. The notes of the bugle, summoning the loyal men of the country to come forward and rescue the country from the hands of those who would destroy it, were heard and heeded by the brave boys of Wesley ; and scarcely had the first blast broken the peaceful stillness which usually precedes the storm, when many who loved country more than homes or kindred, were on their way to the front. Some of them never returned, but their bodies lie in the soil beside those with whom they struggled ; others were permitted to return^ disabled by wounds or disease, to die at their homes and be laid to rest by friendlier hands, in the little cemetery whither their fathers and kindred had preceded them ; and, with thanks to God, who had preserved them through all of the dangers and hard- ships of the campaign, others returned at the close of the war and are still spared to their friends and to the country which they served so faithfully. The township of Wesley consists of about twenty-nine sections, being all of Congressional Towns 32 north. Ranges 9 and 10 east of the Third Prmci- pal Meridian, lying east and north of the Kankakee River. The land in the north and east parts of the township is first-class, being of rich, deep soil and very productive of corn, hay, rye and oats, large crops of which are raised. The south and west portions are broken by sand ridges, and these are, in a measure, barren. Wheat is grown here to some extent ; and John Kelly says that his farm has produced fair crops every year for thirty-nine years. Of late years, many of the farmers have been giving attention to dairying and a cheese and butter factory has been recently built in the eastern part, by Elnathan Wright, of Manteno, to accommodate that industry. Stone of a good quality, but rather difiicult to quarry is found along the bank of the Kankakee. Forked Creek which enters the township in the northeast corner and leaves at the northwest corner, flows, with long and gradual bend, through the central part, afibrding fine stock-water to the farms in its vicinity. Nearly one-half was formerly covered with timber. Much of the best timber, however, has been cut down, and the most of that remaining is valuable for posts and fuel. It is hardly necessary to inform our readers that the township was named in honor of the great apostle of Methodism, John Wesley. The pioneers of this vicinity were nearly all of that persuasion ; and when a name was required for it, they bestowed upon it that name which, next to the saints, is dear to every Methodist. CUSTER TOWNSHIP. Although this is the newest township in regard to name, it was, neverthe- less, one of the first organized. The territory now embraced within its bound- aries was, in reality, Reed Township, though the portion containing eighteen sec- tions of the original forty-four sections recently struck oft" from the west side now HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 607 bear that name. Tlie earliest settlements were all made along or near the bank of the Kankakee River, and when the organization of Reed was effected, there was scarcely an inhabitant in Reed outside the present boundaries of Custer. However, as the proposition to "secede" came from the eastern portion, the west end retained the name of Reed, and the east end was left to seek a new one. As Custer Township (it having existed as such only two years), its story would be soon told; but its early history not being included in the one headed Reed Township (that being but little else than the history of Braidwood, whose interests and peculiarities are entirely different), we find it necessary to go back many years. The history of this portion of the county, though not so ancient as that of some others, is yet sufficiently so to give it that desirable flavor which makes a narrative of this kind interesting; for to repeat only what everybody already knows is a task quite as irksome to the writer as it would be tedious to the reader. The township, as now laid out, consists of all that por- tion of Congressional Towns 32 north and 9 and 10 east, lying southwest of the Kankakee River and east of the section line separating Sections 3 and 4, in Range 9 ; and is bounded on the north by Wilmington Township, on the east by the Kankakee River, on the south by Kankakee County, and on the west by Reed Township. But little can be said in favor of the soil, as it is usu- ally of a poor quality. Some good farms are interspersed with the sand ridges, but for the most part the land is adapted only for grazing. Doubtless, a con- siderable portion of the west side of the township has, underlying its surface, a deposit of coal of the same character and quality as that found at Braidwood, and only awaits the miners pick to make it of equal value. The township is watered by the Kankakee, Horse Creek and another small branch of the Kan- kakee. The Chicago & St. Louis Railroad crosses the northwestern corner, •cutting off an eighth of a section, and furnishing, at Wilmington and Braid- wood, commercial facilities for the Avestern part. The Kankakee being nav- igable for small steamers to the eastern point, an outlet is thus furnished for. the upper portion. Though navigation has been improved by the building of the dams at Wilmington, it has in reality been used for that purpose during wet seasons since the earliest settlements of the adjacent country. As early as 1834, the products of the farm were boated down the Kankakee to the Des Planes, and up the latter river to Chicago. It is related that during the year named some parties loaded a boat on Sugar Creek, a tributary to the Iroquois, with 300 bushels of oats, 300 bushels of wheat and some hams, with the design of taking them to Chicago to supply the garrison stations there. The trip down the Kankakee was accomplished without accident or unusual trouble; but after entering the Des Planes, when near Treat's Island, the boat dipped water and so dampened the grain that they were obliged to unload and try to dis- pose of their produce at that point. At that time, settlers were arriving in that neighborhood quite rapidly, and they had no trouble in disposing of their whole cargo — the oats at 50 and the wheat at 75 cents per bushel. At present, small 608 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Steamers owned by Messrs. Small, of Wilmington, and Stephen F. Hanford, of Warner's Landing, ply regularly between these points and Chicago, carrying to that city corn, oats, rye and other products, and bringing back lumber, salt and other heavy articles. The "Landing," which is located near the eastern point of the township, is considered the head of navigation during the dry sea- son, but when the river is ordinarily full, boats can run much higher. In 1871-72, considerable work was done on the proposed Decatur & State Line Railroad, which was to cross the river at a point a short distance above the landing. Large sums of money were expended and a good portion of the road was ready for the ties. At this time a dozen huge pillars rear themselves from the bed of the Kankakee, over which the trains were to pass, like great monuments, reminding one of both the sincerity of its projectors, and of what, must be the disappointed hopes of them and of the inhabitants of this vicinity. About the time that this work was in progress, the great fire in Chicago occur- ring, so crippled some of the friends of the enterprise that work had to be sus- pended. Then it was proposed to interest some Boston capitalists, but before arrangements were complete, a repetition of the Chicago catastrophe also occurred in Boston ; and, other reverses following, work has never been resumed. Some hopes are still entertained that the line will yet be completed. The very earliest settlements occurred between the years 1836 and 1840.. Andrew Yeates, Thomas Hatton, Samuel Taft and Nathan Smith were the first who could, with propriety, be called permanent settlers. There were a few others during this period, but as they did not remain long, their mention is not a matter of importance. Andrew Yeates was a native of Ireland. He was a man of means and ability. It is doubtful if he was ever fully appreciated in the community, as it was not generally known that his education and capabilities were of a supe- rior character. Unlike most emigrants from foreign lands, who come to this country on account of poverty and for the purpose of simply gaining a liveli- hood, Yeates came with plenty of money, and could have lived without work. He removed to Kankakee County some years ago, and has since died. His widow is still an inhabitant of the township. Thomas Hatton was a brother-in-law of Yeates. Samuel Taft was a native of New York. Like many others, he was attracted to this neighborhood by the abundance of game, and made its capture and destruction a means of live- lihood. At that date, this was one of the easiest means of subsistence. The woods swarmed with deer, turkeys and other game ; and the hunter could, in one day, bring down enough to last his family for weeks. The skins of the deer and coon, and the scalps of wolves brought a small revenue, that supplied him with such clothing as the pioneer customs of the country demanded. The river teemed with fish, and these could be caught at all seasons of the year. After Taft's death, which occurred many years ago, his wife married Dar- win Dodd, by whom she has had twenty-four children, all of whom are alive HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 609 and well. They live in Minnesota. It will not be surprising to learn that Mr. and Mrs. Dodd nre thorough "grangers," and believe in ignoring the small merchants and middle-men. They buy directly of manufacturers, hats, shoes, calico and all kinds of eatables not produced on the farm. Nathan Smith, now a citizen of Wilmington and Police Magistrate of that city, is a native of Ver- mont. He was for a few years a citizen of Wesley Township, and his name appears as one of the first School Directors of District No. 3 in 1841. James Hines came to the township in 1846,by which time had also arrived John S. Iloyte, Joseph Wood, Jeremiah Gray, Elias Winchell, Patrick Judge and R. S. Noble. Henry Hudson, from Ohio, also came in 1846, and still resides in the town- ship. Hudson carried the mail from Wilmington to Pontiac for nine years, ending in 1854, at which date' the Chicago & Mississippi Railroad was com- pleted, and Hudson's services were no longer required. Stephen F. Hanford is a resident of thirty years. In 1848, he came to this place, and entered, with soldier's land warrant, a large tract of land, of which he still owns over one thousand acres. He is a native of Ohio, and came to the State six years before his advent to this place. G. H. Blanchard, John Wing, Orlin Miller and Abram and John Wurts had also settled here by 1846. One of the most prominent and able men who ever resided in this part of the county was Richard Warner, a native of Ohio, who came to this township in 1853. Warner had been a member of the State Senate of Ohio, and had filled other positions of honor. He was for several years Supervisor, and it was largely due to his influence during his occupancy of that office, that the magnificent bridge across the Kankakee at Wilmington was erected. His death, which occurred nineteen years ago, was considered a public calamity. At the time of his demise he was possessed of a large estate. John Kahler, now a resident of Wilmington, but prior to coming to this county a resident of Pennsylvania, was also an early settler. He farmed here for many years, but old age compelled him to give up agricultural pursuits and engage in lighter work. Religion in this township is not indicated by church spires, but we do not doubt that there is real, genuine piety here. Though there are no church build- ings or organizations, the inhabitants are not without church privileges. On every side in the adjoining townships are churches and buildings — especially at Braidwood and Wilmington — where many of the religiously inclined attend. There being no village within the limits, it has not been a natural abiding place for lawyers or doctors, the people supplying themselves with law, physic and theology at the neighboring towns. Due attention is given to the subject of education, and five schools are in successful operation, the first of which was established in 1846. Full school statistics in regard to this township are not obtainable from reports, as the territory embraced in Custer lies in two Congressional towns. 610 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. In 1876, the citizens of the eastern portion of Reed Township, seeing that their interests were entirely different from those of the* western portion, and that the tastes, habits and pursuits were somewhat inharmonious, petitioned to the Board of Supervisors to be set off as a separate precinct. A majority of the Board coincidino; with the views of the petitioners, a division was made as described, and an election of township officers ordered. The tragedy of the brave Gen. Custer and his troops being fresh in mind, the township was named in his honor. The first officers elected were : George Petro, Supervisor ; M. L. Russell, Clerk ; I. T. Palmer, Assessor, and John Evans, Collector — all of whom continue to hold the respective offices. John Meadern and Lewis Mon- teith are Justices of the Peace ; James Bradford, Constable ; Henry Miller, A. G. Taylor and Ira Smith, Commissioners of Highways. The highest vote yet polled was 103. Warner's Landing, though not a laid-out village, contains a store, black- smith-shop and other conveniences common to a small country town. Grain is shipped from here in large quantities, as indeed it is the exclusive market for the products of the farm for this neighborhood. Horse Creek Landing answers about the same description, and affords the same facilities for shipping grain, etc. TROY TOWNSHIP. Jedediah Woolley, Sr., was one of the earliest settlers of Plainfield, but of that township it could hardly be said that he became a permanent resident, as he removed from it before the land came into market. He, however, lived there some time, and there experienced some of the trials and privations of pioneer life incident to this country at a period prior to 1835. In the year named, he removed to Troy Township, made a claim and settled permanently. His son, Jedediah Woolley, Jr., had already made some improvement, having built a saw-mill on the Du Page, which flows through the township. The saw- mill was completed and in operation by the Fall of 1834. His was the first mill enterprise in Troy, and one of the very first in the county. It was looked upon as a great addition to the industries of the community, and furnished lum- ber for most of the early buildings in this vicinity. The canal and railroad, though dreamed of, had not been built, and the only commercial communication with the village of Chicago was by means of wagons, and so most of the houses prior to that date were built entirely of logs. A dwelling of the character in use in those days would be almost a curiosity now ; and, as compared with the fine farmhouses and almost palatial residences of Troy and vicinity, would, at least, be considered a novelty. They generally consisted of a pen, from six- teen to twenty feet square, built up of small logs, notched at each end, to admit of Others lying thereon. The pen was built to the height of about ten feet, and divided into a lower and upper room by joists of small logs covered with HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 611 "boards split from the bodies of straight-grained trees. Sometimes the upper room was dispensed with, and the single room answered the purpose of kitchen, pantry, parlor, dining-room, bed-room and cellar. Floors were not considered indispensable, and Mother Earth herself was the floor and carpet. A bedstead has been described to us as consisting of two poles driven into holes bored into the logs which formed the wall of the building, and supported at the other ends by a stake driven into the ground. A bed-cord was made of bark stripped from the body of a hickory-tree. Windows were glazed with panes made by satu- rating strong white paper with grease. This made a fine substitute for both glass and curtains, for, while it admitted the light, it also prevented the direct rays of the sun from entering, being translucent without being transparent. The roof of the dwelling was constructed of split shingles — an article scarcely known at the present — held in their places by poles laid thereon. Jedediah Woolley, Jr., was County Surveyor when Will was a part of Cook County, and surveyed the county. Both he and his father are dead. A man named Chipman was partner with the younger Woolley in the saw-mill. Chip- man was from the State of Ohio. He did not find the country all that he had anticipated, and, after a short residence, he returned to the Buckeye State. Alford McGill, a son-in-law of the Elder Woolley, moved to the township at the same time. He is spoken of as kind-hearted, big-souled man, and well liked by all who knew him. It was such men who made the pioneer life toler- able to those whose former lives had been spent in localities where social advan- tages had been somewhat superior to what they found in their new homes. It was McGill who guided the Knapps and the Tryons of Channahon, to the place of their location, and recommended it as the finest soil in the country. Like many other great-hearted, social fellows, he had one fault developed by the in- fluence and habits of pioneer life. The cup, to which he was most friendly, was his worst and most relentless enemy, and finally overcame him entirely, dragging him down to an untimely grave. Cary Thornton was a native of Pennsylvania, but had lived in the State of New York prior to coming here, in 1835. At that date, he came West, and attended the land sale and purchased a half-section of land. The next year, 1836, he, with his brother William, moved from New York to the land purchased the year before, each occupying one-half. The location of the land was in the southern part of the township, and is now known as the Farnsworth property. Cary Thornton removed to the city of Joliet, in 1866, where he still resides, an active old gentleman of 79 years. William Thornton removed to Lake County, where he died about six years ago. Josiah Holden, a brother of Phineas Holden, who settled in New Lenox at an early date, was in the township as early as 1836. He moved away and died many years ago. Dr. Alexander McGregor Comstock, whom, from the name "we imagine, to have been a Scotchman, came here from New York, about 1837. He moved to the city of Joliet and died of cholera, during the reign of 612 HISTORY OF WILL COUMY. that fatal plague years ago. He was the first resident physician, and a man of much intelligence and of excellent attainments. Horace Half was from the Black River country, of New York, and settled in this township about 1837. By him the township was named West Troy, probably from the city of the same name, near which he had formerly lived. A portion of the name was afterward dropped, leaving it as we now have it. Andrew and Marshall King came to this place from Indiana, and settled in the north part of the township. Andrew died here, October, 1849, Marshall moved to Texas, where he died several years ago. A son of Andrew King is a resident of Joliet, and is engaged in the lumber trade. The Kings were natives of Kentucky. After the settlements already mentioned, but few additional were made for some years. The panic of 1837, continuing for several years, put a check upon immigration, and not until the completion of the Canal, which passes through the southeast corner, did the township again grow in population. In several ways, the Canal contributed to the rapid development of this part of the State. The works were pronounced complete in 1848, and boats began to ply along the line. Formerly, grain and produce of all kinds had to be hauled by wagon over bad roads, to the nearest market, which was Chicago, and supplies of gro- ceries and other necessities had to be obtained there by the same means, and, consequently, emigrants looking for homes, located at points where commercial advantages were more convenient. When the Canal was completed, bringing these facilities to this portion of the State, immediately a new impetus was given to the settlement of Troy Township. Again, a number of the laboreis on the works being now out of employment, and having saved some of their earnings, located on the adjacent lands. Quite a number of our Irish citizens date their arrival in the township, with the completion of the Canal. The subject of education has received its share of attention by the Trojans. The first school was taught in a litte log structure, erected for that purpose, on Mr. Thornton's place. This was about the year 1836 or 1837, but who was the pioneer educator is not now remembered. The first teacher whose name can be recalled with sufficient distinctness to fix dates, was Miss Rebecca Boardman^ who taught here in 1840-41. From this small beginning has developed, in proportion to the development of the country, a system of education in this township, that compares favorably with any township in the county. As indi- cating the progress in this direction, it may be mentioned that tgn years after the completion of the Canal there were in the township six organized schools, with three hundred and two persons of proper age to receive their benefits, of which number two hundred and thirty were in attendance. A few additional items extracted from an old report to the School Commissioner, at the date indi- cated, 1858, will prove interesting: Number of schools 6 Number of months taught 42 Number of children in schools 230 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 613 Number of i>ersons under 121 400 Number of persons between G and 21 '■'>02 Average salaries paid teachers per month $ 24 00 Whole amount paid for support of schools 1,808 00 In 1872, the school popuhition had reached its maximum, as had, also, the number of schoolhouses ; and, as other statistics for that year do not vary greatly from the present, some of the most essential are appended : Number of schools 10 Number of teachers employed 18 Number of months schools sustained 72 Number of children enrolled 376 Number of persons under 21 IGO Number of persons between (1 and 21 tt27 Whole amount expended for school purposes $2,210 00 In each of the districts is a comfortable schoolhouse, nearly all of which are furnished with the improved desks, maps and the simpler pieces of school apparatus. Though the Gospel was preached at an early date in this township, owing to its proximity to Joliet, and other points whefe churclies and all the means of affording religious advantages abound, no church-buildings are to be found here. Preaching in the schoolhouses is had occasionally, and Sunday schools are sustained. Dr. Comstock, before mentioned, was also a preacher, and, as such, not only offered to his patients, sick with the infirmities of the body, remedies for their corporeal diseases, but pointed the people to the Great Physician who heals both body and spirit. The following anecdote is told of him in the "Forty Years Ago:" " Dr. Comstock will be remembered as one of our most respected citizens and physicians. He was somewhat eccentric, and many anecdotes could be told of him. He was a man of strong mind and of con- siderable culture, both literary and professional. He could repeat the standard poets by the yard, and was at home with Virgil in the original. He was not remarkable for his style, either in dress or equipage. He was also a local preacher of the Methodist Church, and often supplied acceptably the pulpit of his own and other churches, in the absence of the regular preacher. He had a brother living in Michigan who often came to visit him, and who was in some respects very much like him, while in others he was very unlike. He had held the position of Chaplain to Congress at one time, and was always very sleek and well dressed, and carried a gold-headed cane. He was also a physician, and also a preacher, but of the Baptist faith, although not of the ' hard-shell ' variety. I used to think of Dickens' Cheeryble Brothers whenever I saw them together. They were very much attached to each other ; and our Methodist Doctor always marked with a white stone the day when his brother came to visit him. On one occasion as our Methodist Doctor was in front of his house, about getting into his old wagon for a professional tour — house, horse and wagon very much alike in their general make-up, the Baptist Doctor drove up in a splen- 614 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. I did new ' sulky,' one of those unsocial vehicles which will hold but one. The Methodist Doctor saw him coming, took in at a glance the whole rig in such marked contrast to his own ; and although longing to rush up and take his brother by the hand, he coolly folded his arms, surveys for an instant the Baptist and his 'turn-out,' and with a merry twinkle of the eye exclaims: ' Close communion, carriage and all ! ' " Troy Township is described in the Congressional survey as Town 35 north, Range 9 east of the Third Principal Meridian, and is bounded on the north, east and south by the townships of Plainfield, Joliet and Channahon, and on the west by Kendall County. It is divided into two almost equal parts by the Du Page River, which flows through it from north to south ; and this stream, together with Buck Run and their branches and the Canal, constitute the water privileges in the township. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad passes through the southern part, and the new railroad known as the Joliet & Mendota, now being warmly agitated, will pass through by way of Grintonville, and will, probably, soon be running. The land is about three-fourths prairie ; the bal- ance, known in other States as " barrens," is covered with timber, some of which is of good quality, though the land embraced in the timber tract is not of as good a quality for corn raising as the adjoining prairie. There are some as fine farms in Troy as are to be found in Will County. D. C. Searles, Myron Spencer, James Paul, the McEvoys, W. A. Dix, Brady and others are among the model farmers of the county, and have large and well-improved farms. This is thoroughly an agricultural region, and the lai-ge amount of grain and stock produced find a ready market by means of the Illinois & Michigan Canal and by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, which pass through it. Bird's Eye Bridge is on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, about five miles south of Joliet. It received its name from a man of the name of Bird, who formerly lived near the bridge, a hundred yards below the place. A grain ware- house and elevator were erected here by H. S. Carpenter, of Joliet, about the vear 1867. In 1870, M. Truby purchased the establishment and remodeled it throughout, putting grain-dumps and all the modern improvements in the eleva- tor. He conducts a general grain business under the firm name of M. Truby & Son. The elevator will store about twenty thousand bushels of grain, and the cribbing capacity is about as much more. They handle annually about two hundred thousand bushels, which they ship by canal. Recently, however, they have put in a side-track on the Rock Island Railroad, which passes within a few rods of the place, which will enable them to take advantage of the Winter markets and will necessitate much less storage. A post office was established here in 1870, and called Bird's Eye Post Office, with M. Truby as Postmaster. They get the mail over the Rock Island line, the mail-bags being thrown off" daily at the side-track. Mr. Truby has erected for himself at this point a very handsome residence, costing about $3,500. The firm keep a kind of supply HISTORY' OF WILL COUIITY. 61& Store for the benefit of their customers ; also a pretty extensive lumber-yard. There are also shops of various kinds common to a country village. Grintonville, or Grinton's Mill, is another little hamlet on the Du Page River, five miles from Joliet. It was regularly laid out by William Grinton and called after his name. Mr. Grinton was an early settler, and built a mill here about the year 1845. It is a three-story building, with thre« runs of buhrs, and is owned at present by J. I. Mather, who is doing a good business in the way of milling. It is on the Du Page River, and is run by power obtained from its waters. In addition to this, there are in the place two blacksmith- shops, one wagon-shop, one shoe-shop and two saloons. There are no stores here, but there is a fine opening for one, and it seems strange that the want has not been supplied long ere this. A post office Avas obtained for this point, but the appointee to the office of Postmaster being found ineligible — not having been naturalized — the project for a post office failed and the place is still without one In the early times, when much of the clothing was made at home, and the cloth from which it was cut Avas spun and woven there, woolen-factories or carding machines were common all over the country. Sheep were raised prin- cipally for their wool, and nearly all the product was consumed in the neigh- borhood. Now, a mill for the purpose of making rolls, is a novelty. The wool- picking, the carding, the spinning, the weaving, are all of the past ; and even the making of the clothing, though there is a sewing machine in almost every house, is largely done by manufacturers. A factory for the purpose of convert- ing wool into cards preparatory to spinning, was built here by the McEvoys ; but for many years it has stood idle, though at one time it did an extensive busi- ness. The factory was built about 1848 or 1849. It is now owned by some of the McEvoys. The Will County Poor Farm and Asylum is located in Troy Township. The institution is at present under the supervision of C W. Cropsey, whose able management is highly approved by the people and the Board of Supervis- ors who visited it at their last session. At present, there are accommodated at the Farm forty-two paupers and nineteen insane persons. A few of these unfortunate people do a small amount of manual labor, most of them, however, being too feeble either in body or mind to be of any service. To the establish- ment are attached eighty acres of land. The buildings are large and comfort- able, and well adapted to the purpose for which they are designed. The whole concern speaks loudly in honor of the county and its immediate management. The township was one of the first organized in the county, being set off as a separate precinct by the Commissioners in 1849. On the 2d day of April, 1850, the first election was held. The first Supervisor was J. H. Robinson. His successors have been as follows: John McEvoy, 1852; John T. Randall, 1853; P. Rowan, 1855; G. Kinsilla, 1856 ; J. Dillon, 1859; N. Hull, 1861 ; H. W. Searles, 1863: J. Dempsey, 1865; D. C. Searles, 1868; Wm. McEvoy, 1869 ; D. Murphy, 1872; D. C. Searles, 1875. 616 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Troy Township is Democratic in politics, as it has been since the advent of the Irish, and has scarcely ever failed to give a good round majority for the candidates whose names appeared on that ticket. As will be seen by the war history of Will County, the record of this town- ship in that regard compares well with other sections. PEOTONE TOWNSHIP. In 1850, when the township of Wilton was formed, Town 33, Range 11, or what is now known as Peotone, contained only two voters, and it was, there- fore, necessary to include it with some other township, and as Wilton was already pretty well settled, it was concluded to embrace within its limits the two Congressional towns. It was not until 1858 that the voting population of this section was considered sufficiently strong for separate organization. During a period embraced between the years 1849 and 1858, about twenty- five families came to the township, most of whom became permanent settlers. Most of these, however, settled during the years 1855 to 1858. The most of the earliest settlers selected the little stream which flows through the township from the northeast to the southwest, and is a branch of Forked Creek. In 1849, when some settlements had been already made in every adjoining township except Will, this locality was but just beginning to come into notice. The first actual settlers were Daniel B. Booth and James Allen, from Massa- chusetts. These two men made the first improvements in the township. Both located on the land now owned by Samuel Goodspeed, having entered one-half of Sections 19 and 30, through which, it will be noticed. Forked Creek runs. While he remained, he gave most of his attention to butter-making. It had not become generally understood that this land was well adapted for agricultural purposes, and Booth's idea seems to have been that in pasturage was its prin- cipal value; and when he found his dairy business a failure, he resolved to dispose of his interest and remove to a more congenial clime. From here he removed to Joliet, in 1855, and from thence to Texas, where he has since died. Allen seems, also, to have been dissatisfied with the country, as he stayed but a few years, and returned to the East. These two men could scarcely be deemed permanent settlers, and are hardly deserving of that credit. The year 1855 is, in reality, the year from which the real prosperity and substantial settlement of the township dates. In that year, Ralph Crawford, Samuel Goodspeed and the Cowing brothers came in and made improvements which have not only proved substantial, but which have increased in number and value. These men, too, have stuck to the town- ship, borne its burdens, and shared in its trials and all of its enterprises. Crawford had really been in the township the year before, had bought his land, done some breaking, and made other improvements. He has been exceed- ingly prosperous, having accumulated a fortune since his location at this place. CHICAGO FORMERLY OF NEW LENOX HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 619 Besides his fine ftirni, on wliicli lie lives, he has another farm in Texas of 32,000 acres. Mr, Crawford has always enjoyed the confidence and favor of all of the citizens of the township, and has been honored by them with almost every office and honorable position within their gift. As before intimated, Samuel Goodspeed bought the interest of Booth. lie settled on the place in the Spring of 185;'), where he has resided ever since. Mr, Goodspeed had lived in the county twenty years prior to his removal to Peotone Township, having settled in Plainfield in 1835. He has proved to be one of the most substantial citizens of this portion of the county, and has filled almost every position of honor and trust, and that to his own credit and the satisfaction of the people. He was Moderator of the first township meeting, in 1858, one of the first three School Trustees, in 1859, and has held various other offices since. John C. and James H. Cowing have been amongst the most substantial inhabitants of this vicinity. They had also been in the State some years, but were originally from New Hampshire. James H. Cowing has been dead about ten years. John C. was one of the first three Commissioners of Highways, and is serving in that capacity at this time, John Noland and Daniel Gleason, two Irishmen, and brothers-in-law, were here in 1855. They both removed from the township but a short time since. Noland still owns a farm here. P. Armstrong, now of Peotone, came with Goodrich as a laborer, and entered some land, but gave it up and removed to the village. The next year, 1856, Arnold, Tobias and Cornelius Fahs, Moses Wright, Milton Smith and James F, Johnson made their advent. The Fahs brothers were from Mary- land, Wright from New York, and Smith and Johnson from^Michigan, Of the Filhses, only Tobias still resides here, Cornelius is dead, and Arnold removed to Chicago two or three years after his settlement here. After removing to Chicago, Arnold Fahs engaged in the lumber trade, from which he realized a large fortune. He died at that place about two years ago. Moses^Wright was elected first Supervisor and first Assessor in 1858, and the next year returned to Michigan, from whence he had come. Milton Smith was an enterprising man. He died eight or nine years ago, and his family''removed to Iowa. James F. Johnson continued to reside here until a year ago, whenj[he sold out and removed to Kansas, George Reynolds and William W. Kelly settled here in 31857, the former coming from New York and the latter from Boston, Both Reynolds and Kelly have since removed to Chicago. The above, with Thomas Lockey, Smith Shaw and William P. Benn, are all that are now remembered [who became permanent residents before 1858, at which date the village of Peotone com- menced to grow. From that date, for a number of years, the township settled rapidly. Indeed, at that date, nearly all of the land not held by the Illinois Central Railroad had been occupied by actual settlers or bought by speculators. 620 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. It was at that date that a move was made looking toward the separate organiza- tion of the eastern half of Wilton Precinct into a separate township. The usual formalities of signing and presenting a petition to the County Board hav- ing been observed, and an order from that body having been obtained, the first annual township meeting was appointed for April 6, 1858. At this meeting, Samuel Goodspeed was elected Moderator, and George Reynolds, Clerk pro tern. The oath was administered to the officers in charge of the election by Richard Constable, a Justice of the Peace, of Wilton. The result of the ballot was the election of Moses Wright, Supervisor ; George Reynolds, Clerk ; Moses Wright, Assessor ; William W. Kelly, Collector ; James H. Cowing, Overseer of the Poor ; Milton Smith, James F. Johnson and John C. Cowing, Commissioners of Highways ; Cornelius Fahs and Ralph Crawford, Justices of the Peace; and James Fahs and James H. Cowing, Constables. At that date there were in the township 25 voters. Since then, the township has cast as many as 237 votes — an increase of nearly 1,000 per cent. The population was at that time about 125 ; the present population exceeds 1,200. The present officers are : Michael Collins, Supervisor ; William Young, Clerk ; William Crawford, Assessor ; Louis Gundlach, Collector ; John Meyer, Jr., John C. Cowing and Henry Gintert, Commissioners of Highways; F. C. Hasenmeyer and Henry Joint, Constables ; Louis Gundlach and David Morri- son, Justices of the Peace ; William Dunlap, Jonathan Dennis and D. L. Christian, School Trustees ; and Peter Conrad, Treasurer. In 1858, every township in Will County had established schools except Peotone. This was, previous to that date, entirely destitute of school accom- modations. There were a few children sent to the township of Wilton, where schools had been in operation for eight or ten years ; but the distance was so great that only during the finest weather could they be made available. A year after the organization of the township, however, a movement was made toward putting in operation the means for establishing schools in the midst of the settlements within the bounds of Peotone Township. On the 28th of Feb- ruary, 1859, the voters of the township met at the house of J. F. Johnson and elected Samuel Goodspeed, A. H. Fahs and Tobias Fahs, School Trustees ; and by the Trustees, Ralph Crawford was elected Treasurei", which office he held for the next fourteen years. At the meeting just mentioned, the Trustees divided the township into four school districts. Two of these, the one in the Goodspeed neighborhood, and the other at the station, which was then attract- ing settlers, built houses and opened school the same year. The next year, the Third, and the next, the Fourth Districts established schools and built houses. Both of the first schoolhouses are still in use — the one for the pur- pose for which it was erected, the other, with some additions, doing duty as a church. By 1866, the number of districts was increased to six, and in all except one were school-buildings. At that time, which was seven years after the first HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 621 Steps were taken to establish the system in the township, there were 453 per- sons under 21 years of age, 301 of whom were entitled to the benefits of the common-school system, being between the ages of 6 and 21 years. Of these, 248 were reported as having attended school the previous year. The people of the township were at that time making up for lost time, 248 persons out of 301 being a large proportion for a newly-formed township. Another seven years, we find, has increased the number of scliools to 9, and the number of enrolled scholars to 366, out of 398, entitled to school privileges. A few items taken from the report of the Treasurer to the County Su- perintendent of Schools for 1877, will doubtless prove interesting, especially as compared with the preceding figures : Number of School Districts y Number of persons under 21 792 Number of scholars enrolled 427 Number of persons between 6 and 12 613 Highest wages paid any teacher, per month $ 70 OO Whole amount paid teachers 2 280 00 Total expenditure for school purposes 3 ^j^q qq Estimated value of school property 10,000 00 In each district is to be found a comfortable schoolhouse, and, in several are buildings that are a credit to the district. Nearly all are furnished with modern desks and apparatus, and we are credibly informed that the schools of this township are in a flourishing condition. The people have provided well for the moral and religious instruction of them- selves and of all who care to avail themselves of these privileges. Besides the churches of the village, mentioned elsewhere, there are three handsome church- buildings. The United Presbyterian Church Avas organized in 1860 by Rev. R. W. French, who was subsequently called to the pastorate in 1861, at which time he moved to the neighborhood. The original members were Thomas Luther David Gilkerson and James E. Shaw, with other members of their families, and a few other persons,* to the number of eighteen. In 1867, the building was erected at an outlay of $3,600. It is a very neat and comfortable house, 30x45 feet in size, and well furnished throughout. The membership numbers at present about fifty. It is not as strong as at a former period, quite a number having withdrawn to unite with the Presbyterian Church of the village, and several families having removed to Kansas. Rev R. \V. French has been the Pastor ever since the organization of the Church Sunday school is kept open during the Summer. Wesley M. E. Church, of West Peotonc, was organized in 1868, and a building erected in 1870, at an expense of .^3.000. The buildino- is 32x48 feet, and is a very neat and comfortable structure. Rev. R. Wright was the first minister who officiated as such in the new building. The present membership of the Church is about thirty, with Rev. N. Crichter as Pastor. Sunday school is kept open throughout the year ; of this, William Crawford is Superintendent. 622 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. St. John's German Evangelical Church, in the northern part of the town- ship, was organized in 1866 by Rev. F. Baeber, with sixteen families. Mr. Baeber preached here a year and a half. The whole establishment consists of four acres of land, a parsonage, schoolhouse and church edifice. The parson- age was the fir-;t building erected in 1868. In this church, services were held with varying frequency, until 1871, when the building of the chapel was com- pleted. In 1873, the schoolhouse was built. The buildings have cost — the parsonage, $1,500 ; the church, |3,000, and the schoolhouse $400. The con- gregation consists at present, of about fifty families, of whom Rev. D. Behrens is Pastor and teacher. The school is kept open six months in the year, the children attending the public schools a portion of the time. We would not forget that when the life of our country was in danger, in 1861-65, Peotone Township, though but illy able to contribute largely to its support in men or means, having been so recently settled, did her part and made several noble sacrifices ; but, unfortunately, on account of a method which then prevailed, proper credits were never given, and many of their names appear in the Adjutant General's Reports as credited to other towns. The township of Peotone is described in the Congressional survey as Town 33 north, Range 12 east of the Third Principal Meridian. It is bounded on the north by Greengarden, on the east by Will, on the south by Kankakee County, and on west by Wilton Township. The township is not greatly diversified in soil or sur- face, but IS mostly of a rich, deep soil and a slightly rolling surface, broken only by the two creeks which flow through it. There are no native groves of timber ; but on many of the older farms are to be seen fine little groves of soft maple, elm and poplar, planted by the early settlers. The products of the town- ship are those common to most parts of the county, and consist of corn, hay, oats and rye. Within the last year or two, considerable attention has been given to the dairy business, and the result has been the establishing by Messrs. Conrad k Son, of a cheese-factory, a half-mile west of the village of Peotone. The factory was built this year, and business began August 5. The build- ings are commodious and well adapted to the purpose for which they are designed. The cost of buildings and machinery was |4,000. They began operations with the consumption of 2,000 pounds of milk per day. The capacity of the factory is 14,000 pounds, which limit, it is confidently thought, will be reached in a short time. For some years, hay has been a reliable crop, and a large amount of both timothy and the native prairie hay has been cut and shipped. However, as the prairie was gradually fenced up and tilled the natural product decreased. Farmers have been giving more attention to stock than formerly, and a larger amount of this product has been consumed at home for the purpose of winter- ing cattle and sheep. In 1869, Oliver Lipincott built a hay-press at the vil- lage, for the purpose of preparing the hay for the city and Southern markets. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 623 The press is still in operation, but, for reasons already assigned, the business of hay-pressing has somewhat fallen off. Formerly, considerable wheat was raised here, and, in 1858 to 1868, especially during the earlier years of that period, wheat was considered a staple crop ; but of late years the crop has been a failure, and its cultivation has been almost entirely abandoned. In 1872, Messrs. Elling & Rathje erected a fine mill for the purpose of manufacturing this product into flour. The mill cost nearly $12,000, and is one of the finest of its kind in the conntry. It is built on the Holland plan, with four large fans, of fifty feet each in length, which furnish power equal to forty horses. Owing to the fact already mentioned, that but little wheat is now produced here to keep the mill at work, the grain is brought by railroad from Minnesota and other places, and ground here, for consumption by those who formerly raised the article. VILLAGE OF PEOTONE. In 1855, a year after the completion of the Illinois Central Railroad, the site of the village was bought from that Company, and, in 1856, it was laid out by David Goodwillie. For a couple of years, no one seemed disposed to embark in business here, as the settlements, prior to that time, had been made mostly in the western part ; and Avhat little business was done was transacted at Twelve Mile Grove, in the adjoining township. Gradually the eastern portion of the township began to be settled, and a demand for postal and commercial privileges began to arise, which were no sooner demanded than they were supplied. In 1858, John F. Pickering erected a house, in which he lived and also opened a small stock of goods. In the Spring of the next year, he erected the first real store-building. Thus opened, business of various kinds began to ap- pear ; and, in the Summer of 1859, several families came to the village, bought lots and made some improvements. A post office, the first ever established in the township, was established about this time. In the Winter of 1859—60, as has been stated on another page, the first school was taught. The first teacher was W. VV. Clark. Dr. Charles Stednian located here soon after, and was the first resident physician. A warehouse had been erected by Messrs. Harding & Corastock, in 1857 ; but this being the beginning of the "hard times'" period, yet fresh in the minds of many of the early settlers, but little, by way of grain- buying, was done for several years. Partially owing to the same cause, the town improved but slowly until the midst of the war or near its close when money was plenty, and produce plenty and in great demand. Then, Messrs. Comstock, Gilkerson & Worden, and Messrs. Schroeder & Kathje, began buy- ing large quantities of grain ; and, in 1868, both firms erected elevators. This was, indeed, the beginning of the period of Peotone's solid growth. Prior to 1»66^ not more than fifteen houses were to be found here, one of which was the store. From that time forward, for about eight years, the town improved rapidly. New dwellings, stores, shops and churches went up. During that period of prosperity, three churches, a good schoolhouse, and most of the stores 624 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. and other buildings now found in the lively little town were erected. Then began to be felt another period of hard times, consequent upon the panic of 1873, since which time Peotone, like most other places, has shown no signs of special activity. In 1869, the village was incorporated. The first election was held June 6, of the year named, and the following officers were selected : C. A. Westgate, President ; E. S. Smith, Emanuel Wirt, Joseph Imholtz and John F. Pickering, Trustees, and John F. Pickering, Clerk. The present officers are : Philip Sultzbaugh, President ; E. B. Cowung, Fred. Schroeder, N S. Beedy, Martin Collins and James Earnhardt, Trustees ; Martin Collins, Clerk ; James Barnhardt, Treasurer ; John Conrad, Police Magistrate, and Fred. Wahls, Constable. In 1869, the old school-building, which had been erected ten years before, was found to have outlived its usefulness, or rather its capacity was found too limited for its purpose. It was thought by some that additions to the old build- ing would be the better way to enlarge the school capacity ; but it was finally resolved to build anew from the ground, and dispose of "the old building for other purposes. The house erected is a very fine one, for a place of this size, and cost about $7,000 The M. E. Church was the first to organize, and one of the two first to build. The organization was effected in 1858, by Rev. John Hitchins, and consisted at first of ten members. The building, which stands in the west part of the town, was erected in 1867, and cost the society $3,000. The parsonage, owned by the Church, cost $1,000, Rev. Henry Hill is present Pastor. The German Evangelical Church was erected the same year, the society having been recently organized. In 1870, it was set off" as an Independent Church, having formerly belonged to the Rockville Circuit. The building is a frame structure, and stands in the southeastern part of the village. Though to outward appearance a good building, it was poorly constructed, and must, at no distant date, be taken down and replaced by one of more substantial character. Rev. John Wellraar officiates as minister. The Presbyterian Church was organized in 1871, by Rev. J. H. Trowbridge, with seventeen members. The building of the new schoolhouse a year or two before, and its recent occupancy, left the old schoolhouse vacant. This house had not been a stranger to the sound of the Gospel or the songs of praise. All of the denominations, during a pei'iod prior to the erection of their houses of worship, had made use of this building for Church and Sunday school purposes. So when the building was vacated by the school, the society purchased it and refitted it for their use. Rev. W. F. Wood is minister of this congregation. The parsonage is the best in the village. The German Lutheran Church is the best building of the four. It was built in 1875, and stands in the southwestern part of the village. The organization of the society had been accomplished four years before, by Rev. F. Baeber. The present Pastor is Rev. Christopher HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 625 Wobus. In connection with all of the congregations are flourishing Sunday schools, and each minister is provided with a comfortable parsonage. Peotone Lodge, No. 636, A., F. ^: A. M., was established October, 1H69. The charter members were Samuel Jamison, Charles A. Westgate, John B. Sollitt, Charles Gates, David Gilmore, Benjamin Sellers, Rufus K. Reynolds, August Herbert, Henry Pape, W. F. Hutchinson, D. F. Mason, J. M, French, A. A. Manson, J. D. Downing, J. L. Miller, John M. Tobias and F. Elder. The regular communications are held on the second and fourth Saturdays of each month. The present membership is thirty-seven. The present principal officers are C. A. Westgate, W. M. ; Charles Gates, S. W. : R. G. Jorgenson, J. W. ; Thomas Collins, Sec, and Philip Sultzbaugh, Treas. WILTON TOWNSHIP. Of all of the interesting little nooks in Will County, Twelve-Mile Grove is, without doubt, the most romantic. Not only on account of location has it this peculiar aspect, but associated with it, were it in our power to unearth it, is an ancient history of a sufficiently wild flavor for a poem like to that of Hiawatha. Almost entirely secluded as they were from the rest of their race, with surroundings at once so beautiful and so well adapted to their style of life, we cannot but conceive that the wild people who dwelt here must in many respects have been peculiar. The little grove is said to have been one of the finest tracts of timber in Northern Illinois, and was full of deer, wild turkevs and other game, at the time of the earliest settlement by the whites. The fine little stream, a branch of Forked Creek, dividing the township diagonally into two almost exactly equal parts, flows over a rocky bed, along which the grove, on either side, lies. On every side lies the open prairie, and in approach- ing the timber one is reminded of the little clumps of timber described by Eastern travelers as appearing on the Great Desert, toward which their anxious eyes and weary limbs ever turn for refreshing shelter and drink for themselves and thirsty animals. Formerly this feature was much more apparent than now, the adjacent prairie having long since been occupied and planted here and there by the early settlers, not only with fruit-trees, but also with those of the forest, so that at present the whole township presents the app.earance of a succession of little groves. The land of Wilton Town- ship is of varied quality and appearance, in some portions being very rich and productive, and in others quite the reverse ; in some portions being very flat, and in others undulating. In some parts of the township stone of a good quality is found, which answers a good piirpose for foundations for buildings, though it has been utilized to a limited extent for other purposes. Wilton Township formerly embraced the township of Peotone, but was sep- arated from it by order of the Board of Supervisors in 1858. The township, as now constituted, embraces all of Town 38 north, Range 11 east of the Third 626 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. Principal Meridian, and is bounded on the north, east and west by the respect- ive townships of Manhattan, Peotone and Florence, and on the south by Kan- kakee County. As before intimated, the township, or rather that portion still known as Twelve- iSIile Grove, was occupied by a small tribe of Indians. The grove was reserved by act of Congress, ratifying a treaty with these people, for their sole use and benefit ; but, though they were not concerned in any way in the Black Hawk disturbance, or any other unfriendly or hostile act toward the whites, they removed from here the same year that saw the exodus of the hostile tribes. They simply abandoned their lands here, not because of any encroachments by the whites, nor because of their inability to hold the title to the land, for the Government would doubtless have protected them in their rights, but, perhaps, because they did not like the idea of being separated so far from others of their race. From the best information in our possession, Joseph Lawton, one of the owners of the land, was a half-breed ; and, from him and others of the tribe of Ce-nag-e-wine, the land comprising the grove was bought, b^ James M. Kibbin, William T. Nelson and A. M. Wiley, ten or twelve years after the Indians had deserted it. A considerable portion of the land in the township was granted to the Illinois Central Railroad Company, and, from that Company, bought by such settlers as came in after 1853. Samuel Hocum, who is usually accredited with being the first settler at the Grove, really affiliated with the Indians, and, when they left here to reside at Council Bluffs, followed their fortunes thither. Hocum, whatever his character may have been, was, in one characteristic which distinguishes the civilized Avhite from the uncivilized red man, of civilized pro- clivities, in that he lived in a house. It is said that he built the first cabin erected by white men in the township, and that it stood at the east end of the grove, on the farm now owned by Chauncey Clinton. The exodus of the Ho- cums, the Lawtons and the other Indians, took place about 1835, at which date Abram Huyck came to the township and settled on Section 36, since and still called Huyck's Grove. For two years, the Huyck family were the only inhab- itants of the township, and Twelve-Mile Grove was deserted. Abram Huyck died about fifteen years ago, and the family removed to other parts. AVhen the whites first began to settle here, many traces of the former occu- pants of the grove were yet visible. Among the most interesting of these, as illustrating their methods of sepulture, were the tombs of three Indians, sup- posed, from the profusion of their decorations, to be chiefs. The sepulcher, or whatever it might be called, consisted of a little pen, built up of small stick's, laid one upon the other, to the height of about four feet, being from four to five feet square. The whole was covered with sticks, weighed down with heavy stones. And therein, on a kind of stool, sat the three " poor Loes," looking lonesome and ghastly enough. The cracks between the sticks composing the pens were sufficiently wide to admit of inspection, while being at the same time too small to allow of HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 627 tlieir being disturbed by wild animals. In this position, these ghastly remains sat in all of their feathers, beads and jewelry, with the ilesh decaying from their bones, for a number of years, till at length a foolish lad, who lived in the neighborhood, upset their charnel-houses, scattering their bones about the sur- rounding country. In 1837, three families from Canada came in and settled at the grove. These were Franklin Chamberlin, Oliver Chamberlin and James Adams. The Chamberlins were father and son. The Chamberlins built the first frame house. The timbers were "got out," hewed and prepared from the grove, and the boards were brought from Wilmington, where a saw-mill had recently been built. Adams occupied the Hocum cabin. The Chamberlins remained here until 1845, when they removed to Black Oak, near Chicago, where they still reside. At the time of which we write, in addition to the wild animals desirable for food, there were also wolves in great numbers. Geese, chickens, sheep and pigs wei'e their tiivorite repast ; and it was almost impossible to protect them from the voracity of their natural enemy. An able and eloquent representa- tive had risen in the Legislature and declared that, " When the denizen of the prairie is locked in the embrace of Morpheus, the shades of night have settled 'round his abode and all nature has settled to rest, then the noisome wolf rises from his lair, and, roaming up and down the land, seizes the inoffensive pig and the innocent lamb, devouring them, to the great detriment of said denizens," and the law for the protection of domestic animals against the ravages of " said wolf had been passed, allowing to any one who would secure the scalp of one these ''noisome" animals, a bounty of $1. The business of wolf-hunting at once became quite lucrative. For a number of years afterward, in the newly settled counties, nearly all of the State taxes were paid in this kind of currency. The younger Chamberlin was a skillful hunter of the wolf, killing from twenty to forty every Fall. For these, he received for the scalps .^1 each, and for the pelts, 50 cents. In those times, the hardest that have ever been known in this State, this was counted a large amount of money. But, though the profit derived was comparatively great, the propagation of the wolf was neglected, and now, a wolf, should one be captured in the county, would be counted as a curiosity. If intelligence were necessary to " keep school " in those days, the Adams family must have been in that respect more than ordinary, as the first two terms taught in the township, in 1841 and 1842, were taught respectively by Lydia and Sallie Adams, daughters of James Adams. At about the last date named, the Mormons at Nauvoo were in all their glory. Missionaries were being sent to all parts of the country to enlighten the people on the peculiar doctrines of Joseph Smith, as revealed in the Book of Mormon ; and among the places visited in this part of the State was Twelve-Mile Grove. Their efforts here were not without success. The Adams family, having become fully established in 628 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. the faith, sold out and removed to headquarters at Nauvoo. A few years later, when the conflict arose between the authorities of the State and the troops of Smith, which resulted in the death of that would-be prophet, and the succes- sion of Brigham Young to the Prophet's position, most of the Mormons removed to Salt Lake. Among the faithful who followed the fortunes of Young to the new land of promise, were Adams and his family. In crossing the plains, among the hundreds of these people who perished was Lydia Adams. Sallie after- ward became one of the wives of an influential and wealthy Mormon, and still resides in that country. Several other converts were made to Mormonism in this neighborhood, some of whom still reside here, but repudiate the doctrine of plural marriages, cleaving to the faith as expounded by Joseph Smith, Jr., now of Piano, 111. The Chamberlins and Adams sold out their possessions here to one Reuben Putnam, more generally known as " Old Put." Putnam had the reputation of being a horse-thief, a cattle, pig and sheep thief, and a robber of all kinds of goods on which he could lay hands. He was even credited with having in the grove an underground stable in which he concealed his ill-gotten gains, and in which he accommodated members of a then numerous ganc; of horse-thieves that infested the country ; and it is not doubted that Putnam was one of the leaders. " Old Put's " favorite mark for his stock was to cut oif both ears and tail, and in this way destroy all other marks that might previously have been made by rightful owners. Certain it is that he was the terror of this part of the country, and as such prevented for a time the rapid settling of the township. But finally his operations became so gigantic, and his attitude toward his neigh- bors became so unbearable, that forbearance ceased to be a virtue, and it was determined to bring him to grief. Suits numerous had been brought against him ; indictments had been procured ; and all legal measures had been tried to bring him to justice, but always to the defeat of those instituting such proceed- ings. So a few of the citizens of the neighborhood, to the number of seven, entered into a compact to rid the county of his presence. It is unnecessary to repeat the names of the seven who planned the scheme, or to give the minutire thereof. SuflSce it to say that, one day in June, 1853, Old Put was plowing corn in his field, when suddenly, what to him appeared to be an Indian, grap- pled his arms from behind and held him fast ; then another, who seemed to be a negro, appeared with a tar-bucket, and another Indian came up with a bag of feathers. Quicker than it takes to tell it, two or three more negroes stripped him of his clothing, and a pair of sheep shears applied to his scalp, divested him of his hair. In four minutes from the time of commencing the operations, Mr. Put presented a striking appearance. So much did he resemble the descrip- tions of that ancient one called Scratch, that the boys who took part in the work were really struck with fear. He had been covered from head to foot with the tar and feathers ; and to add to the Satanic appearance as if having just issued from the ground, they had rolled him in the fresh-plowed dirt. After HISTORY OF WII,L GOUNTV. 629 the work had been completed, he was asked if he understood the meaning of all these proceedings, and upon giving an affirmative answer, he was told that he would be allowed just ninety days to settle u]) his business and get out of the country, and was assured that if he were found in the neigliborhood at the end of the period named, the seven had sworn a great oath never to rest day or night until he was quartered. At the end of the eighty-seventh day, it was noticed that Put still lingered, as if loath to leave the scene of the drama in which he had taken so prominent a part ; but after that date ho was a stranger to Twelve-Mile Grove, having suddenly vanished. For a long time his countenance presented rather a sallow appearance, look- ing much as though he was undergoing an attack of the jaundice. He spent much time in trying to find out who had been his persecutors ; but so well had they concealed their plans that for many years it was not known who had taken part in the work. Four of the men employed in the matter are still residents of the county, and are among the best citizens. The thing proved so popular, and ^hose con- cerned in it kept it so well, that others who had nothing to do with it hinted that they "knew more about it than they cared to tell." Hiram Harvey and sons came to the township from Canada in 1841, stayed three years and then removed to Five-Mile Grove, where they resided nearly four years, returning to Twelve-Mile in 1848. Jabez Harvev, one of the best-esteemed citizens of the township, went to California during the gold fever, and had returned by June, 1853, having in the mean time, seen somewhat of the manner of dealing with outlaws in that country, at that time governed neither by the principles of law nor morals. Mr. Hiram Harvey is now over 70 years of age, hale and hearty, and in the enjoyment of all of his youthful energy. He is the oldest resident of the township. From 1841 until 1845, Alanson Williams, J. Taft, Dr. A. B. Mead, Amos Van Valtonburg and Alfred Warner made their appear- ance in the neighborliood. They resided here but a short period — but four or five years — and then removed to other places. During the residence of Dr. Mead, the post office of Wallingford was established near the center of the township, with Mead as Postmaster and mail- carrier, between this point and Wilmington, and for his services he received the proceeds of the office. After his removal, the office was removed to the head of the grove, where it has since remained. By 1848, quite a number of Irish families had also settled in the neighborhood. At the date last named, the Illinois & Michigan Canal was completed, and a number of the laborers on the works, having saved a por- tion of their wages and being out of employment, concluded to engage in farm- ing, and took up their residence here. Some of our best citizens are of Irish nativity, among whom are John Brown, Roger Waters and Thomas McCor- mick. In 1846, Kibben, Nelson & Co., the new proprietors of the reservation, came to the Grove with a view to making improvements and selling out the land. The land was surveyed and offered for sale ; and, there being no other 630 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. timber near, coal not yet having been discovered in the county, and the rail- road not yet having been projected, the people were greatly excited over the prospect of having the only source of fuel and lumber disposed of without a chance to obtain a piece; and as a consequence, land, which can to-day be bought for $20 per acre, brought $100. The proprietors who had bought the reservation for a trifle became rich men in a short time. The Nelson family, of whom W. T., mentioned above, was a member, con- sisted of the father, John Nelson, and sons W. T., S. G. and D. M. They came from Indiana to reside at the Grove in 1848. John Nelson had been, in the State of his former residence, one of the first citizens of the county in which he liveJ, and was honored with many positions of trust, among which was that of member of the Assembly of the State. Mr. Nelson died two or three years after his removal to this place. W. T. Nelson now resides in an adjoining township, and the two other brothers still Veside near the village of Wallingford. George and David Dancer, brothers, from the northern part of the State, came in 1848. The former still resides here, but the latter has removed ta Iowa. Samuel C. Baker and brother Caleb settled here in 1849. Caleb is one of our most wealthy and respected citizens. Samuel C. now resides in Colorado, and is engaged in the cattle trade. Joseph Cook was the first blacksmith. His shop at first consisted of a bel- lows, anvil and a few hammers, and the broad branches of a tree were his only shelter. Of him it could with propriety be said : " Beneath a spreading chestnut-tree, The village smithy stands, The smith a mighty man is he, With large and sinewy hands : And the muscles of his brawny arms Are strong as iron bands." All except the tree, which was an oak instead of a chestnut. A horse-power saw-mill was erected by Henry Stone, now of California, in> 1850, but it run but a short time, as the completion of the railroad brought lumber of a more desirable character to within a short distance. The first goods were sold in 185G by J. Hopkins, at Wallingford. Hopkins did not continue in the business long, but sold out to S. G. Nelson. A store was started in Wilton Center in 1857, by Barret k Hersperger. and by them it was run for about three months, when they sold to Jabez Harvey, who has contin- ued the business without intermission or suspension for twenty years. There were at one time three post offices in the township. The first estab- lished was the one at Ingham's Hill, near the center of the township, and then removed to Wallingford. About 1856, a post office called Pierce, was author- ized at Huyck's Grove, and another at Wilton Center. Pierce Post Office HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 631 existed but a short time. The one at Wilton Center was somewhat irregular, until a few years ago when it became a permanent fixture. In 1850, there were in the township, as tlien organized — embracing, also, Peotone — about twenty-five voters. The precinct, with the Grove as center for an indefinite area surrounding, was called Dallas. In the year named, how- ever, the Commissioners of the county changed the rpime, giving the precinct a definite boundary, with Supervisor and other township officers. The first election was held April 2, 1850. Of this meeting, Henry Stone was elected Moderator, and William T. Nelson, Clerk jyro tern. Twenty-six votes were cast, of which the following persons for the respective offices received majorities: William Dancer, Supervisor; Horace Kelsey, Clerk; James M. Kibbin, Assessor ; Joel 0. Norton, Collector ; Hugh Kennedy, Overseer of the Poor ; George Dancer, Samuel Hall and Alfred Warner, Commissioners of Highways ; Samuel Wilson and Patrick Boyland, Justices of the Peace, and Edward Graham and John McGowan, Constables. In 1858, the eastern half of the precinct, now constituting Peotone Township, was, by order of the Board of Supervisors, set off as a separate township, and Wilton left with boundaries co-extensive with what we now find them. The present officers are : S. G. Nelson, Supervisor ; G. Boynton, Clerk ; A. J. Mills, Assessor ; D. M. Nelson, Collector ; George Mackender, John White and James Cavency, Highway Commissioners ; S. G. Nelson and Jabez Harvey, Justices of the Peace ; George Rose and B. F. Dunham, Constables, and Jabez Harvey, School Treasurer. The present voting population is 240. One of the most important public acts of the township was the voting of $35,000 to aid the Decatur & State Line Railroad, which was to cross the township and locate a station at AVilton. The road has not yet been completed, and, as one of the provisions of the call for an election was that the bonds were to be issued only when the first train of cars were run through the township, they have not yet been called for. The township took more than ordinary interest in the great war for the preservation of the Union, in 1861-65. No draft was ever enforced, the quota of each call being filled by volunteers, or by substitutes, paid by subscriptions or tax. Nearly all who enlisted from this township were in the One Hundredth Illinois Infantry. Many of the brave boys who left us never returned. Of this number are remembered Alva Hoyt, Richard L. Barr, William Bruce, Ira Temple, Amos and James Gauthrop, Simon Conchlin, Ahaz Young, Giles L. Greenman, Joseph Robinson, Frank Patchett, Robert Stevens, Don A. Rob- inson, Henry Doncaster and James T. Ladieu. The last named died a double death in Andersonville Prison. Isaac Jenks, though he received such wourids as would have killed a common man — his head being literally shot to pieces — still lives. Jerry Kennison was promoted to the office of Captain, and S. G. Nelson was honored with the title and office of Major. 632 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. As before intimated, the first school was taught in 1841. This was the school not only for the township, but for all the country adjacent. Pupils attended this school who lived ten miles away. The number of children living in the township at that time scarcely warranted the building of a house and the establishing of a school. The house was built by James Adams. Frank- lin Chamberlin and Hiram Harvey, and was a partnership concern. It was constructed of bass-wood logs, split in two parts, and laid up in the manner of a rail pen, with the flat surfaces inside. The puncheon floor, slab seats and desks and the huge fire-place, common to most of the pioneer schoolhouses such as appear in our cut on page 89, were features of this school-building. In 1849, the school township was organized, with Horace Kelsey as Treasurer, and in 1850, the first public school-building was erected at Wilton Center, which build- ing is still standing and doing the service as originally designed. It was, doubtless, considered a grand afl'air in its early days, though at present it looks somewhat antiquated — however, in a pretty good state of preservation. It is con- structed of stone, which Avere taken from the quarry near by, the stones being raised and hauled by different parties, who gave their time and labor to the enterprise. The building is 20x30 feet, and in height is scarcely eight feet between joists. Above the door appears the following inscription, cut deep in the stone cap : ^^oo\ I)i«t. ^^ 1850. •/ KNOWLEDGE IS POWER. In this building, Chauncey Steele taught the first term. The schoolhouse proved to be, in addition to its use as a temple of learning, a great convenience for numerous other purpose. In it have been held political meetings, debating societies, churches and Sunday schools, indignation meetings. and ratification meetings and assemblies of all sorts and sizes, except large sizes, which could not be accommodated within its modest inclosure, and were, therefore, held in the grove. Soon after the date of the building of the schoolhouse in District No. 1, a school was organized at the north end of the Grove and a building erected there ; and, within eight years, three more had been built, making, in 1858, five organized districts, each with a school building of its own, and hav- ing a school population of over four hundred. At present, there are seven whole districts and two union. The school pop- ulation is 610 children under 21 years of age, of whom 408 are between the ages of 6 and 21. HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 6SS The value of school property is estimated at ^2,000, The whole amount paid for sustaining schools last year was nearly $2,500. Jabez Harvey, who succeeded Kelscy, the first Treasurer, in 1804, is present Treasurer and Clerk of the Board of Trustees. VILLAGE OF WALLINQFORD. As previously stated. Nelson, Kibbin and Wiley had purchased of the Indians the tract known as the •' reservation." Afterward that portion which now constitutes the site of the village was sold to H. B. Goddard, by whom, in turn, it was conveyed to Charles W. Keith, who laid out the town and offered the lots for sale. Doubtless, high anticipations were indulged in, regarding the destiny of Wallingford, as Keith advertised it extensively. Charts of the town were lithographed and sent to every corner of the East and West. Some of them still in existence show what a nice town may be built on paper, all with streets and alleys, public squares and fine parks. But, alas, for human expectations ! the enterprise proved a failure, and Wallingford stands a monument of blasted hopes. It is now simply a little trading-point, with a score of houses, a store and a few shops. Keith, after having disposed of a few lots, sold the site and the adjoining farm to Noah Thayer, of Aurora, who still owns it. VILLAGE OF AVILTON CENTER. Wilton Center was platted, originally, in 1860 ; but, subsequently, the plat was taken up and a new plat made in 1876. The plat consists of about forty acres, of which Jabez Harvey is principal proprietor. Its history is not greatly dissimilar, as to success, to its little rival at the other end of the grove. It con- tains two general stores, two wagon-shops, two churches, and dwellings and other buildings in proportion. The population is about one hundred and fifty. The M. E. Church was erected in 1866, and cost about $6,000. From the report to the Conference, we learn that its membership is 162. Rev. A. H. Needbam is the present Pastor, and John Crawford is Superin- tendent of the Sunday school. The Baptist Church was built in 1868. It is a neat frame building, capa- ble of accommodating about two hundred persons. The membership of this Church is forty seven, with Rev. 0. C. Dickinson as Pastor and Superintend- ent of the Sunday school. Both of the above denominations had held services here for many years prior to the erection of their houses of worship, holding meetings in the school- house and in private dwellings. Lodge No. 640, I. 0. 0. F. was established at this place, June 15, 1877, with seven members, most of whom had belonged to Wilmington Lodge. Of the number named, A. J. Mills was N. G, ; J. G. Thompson, V. G.; Henry Storch, Secretary ; and Jabez Harvey, Treasurer. The present membership is 634 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. thirty-three, the officers of which, with the substitution of Lorenz Reitz as V. G., and Charles Weber as Secretary, remain as at first constituted. Meetings are held on Saturday of each week. MANHATTAN TOWNSHIP. " A rose by any other name would smell as sweet," sang the bard of Strat- ford-on-Avon. This township was erst known as Trenton — a name bestowed by William Nelson, the first Supervisor after township organization. When Will County adopted township organization, there not being a sufficient number of voters in this to form a township, it and Greengarden were embraced in one, under the name of Trenton, after the town in which Mr. Nelson had resided in New York. In 1853, the population having sufficiently increased, the two towns were separated, and the name of Manhattan was proposed by John Young, Esq., the first Supervisor of this one, and no objection being made by Nelson, it was duly named for the island of the Knickerbockers, since which time it has been known as Manhattan Township, 34 north. Range 11 east. It is a beautiful undulating prairie, lying in gentle eminences, having much the appearance of the swell of the ocean after a storm has passed away. No timber breaks the monotony of the prairie, except Five-Mile Grove, and which com- prises less than a section of land. It is thoroughly an agricultural region, than which there is none better in Will County, with no towns or villages, or manu- factories to interfere with the farming interests. Its population, in 1870, was 922 souls. The first settler in Manhattan Township was Orin Stevens, but of him little can now be learned further than that he had made a settlement at Five-Mile Grove. He was keeping a sort of tavern there when the next settlers came in, in 1834. The Perkinses were the next to settle after Stevens, and consisted of Ephraim Perkins and four sons, viz., Orin, Edward, Ephraim and Pliny Per- kins. They were from Trenton, N. Y., and Edward came out in June, 1834, and bought out the man Stevens. Where Stevens was from, when he settled at Five-Mile Grove, or what became of him after he sold out, are items of the township history lost in the things of the past. Edward Perkins was a single man when he first came to the settlement, but returned to New York in the Fall and married, and brought his young wife to the West. Jerrod Gage came about this time, and he and Perkins entered into partnership in the dairy busi- ness at Five-Mile Grove. The next Spring (1835), Perkins' father and brothers came out, and also Gage's father and his family. The elder Gage had been an extensive dairyman in "York State," and being an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, the "Sage of Ashland" a*nd renowned Kentucky statesman, once made for him a mammoth cheese, and presented it to him during one of his cam- paigns. When Edward Perkins returned from New York, after his marriage, he located for a time in Joliet, as noticed in that part of this work, and was .rf^.;- 'Si%ii,; t. / ^-^^^ BEE CHER HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 637 interested with Dr. Bowen in his Adrlition to the city of Jolict. The ehler Perkins and Gage are both long dead; Edward Perkins died in this township ; Orin went to California during the gold fever, and when about to start for home, died ; Pliny and Ephraiin Perkins, Jr.,^are both living still in this State, but in what part our informant had forgotten. Hiram Harvey also settled at Five-Mile Grove, about 1885 or 1836, and was from the East, but what partic- ular State we were unable to learn, nor do we know what became of him. These few settlements around Five-Mile Grove seem to have been all that were made in the township until a quite recent date, as compared to other portions of the county. As this little grove was the only timber in the town, and it required a score or two of years for the people to find out that the prairies were habitable, probably accounts for the long gap that occurred just here in the arrival of new-comers to this section, as the next we find coming in about 1847 and 1850, and which we will now notice. John Young came from New York City in 1849, and settled in this town- ship, where he remained until 1876, when he removed to Joliet. His son, Mansfield Young, a prosperous merchant of Joliet, married Miss Sarah Walker, daughter of Joseph Walker, of New York, who is said to have been a most amiable and lovely woman, beloved by all who knew her. She died in 1876, and he and his father (also ^ widower) now live together, the old and the young bereaved ones forming a single family. Samuel Bowen and his two sons were from the Quaker State of William Penn, and came also in 1849. Bowen had first settled in Jackson Township, where he remained some time before com- ing to Manhattan. He has been dead some years. Bryan Gorivan and son settled in the town in 1848. They were from Ould Ireland, the "blissed Gim of the Say," are still living, and are prosperous farmers of the community. Martin Bergen was also fi'om Ireland, and came to the country a poor man, but went to work, and by industry and energy became the owner of about six hun- dred acres of fine land, and amassed considerable other property; was honored with office, and had been for some time School Treasurer of the township, when he suddenly decamped, and his business was found to be in rather a deranged condition. His accounts as School Treasurer were short a thousand or two, ..but so secured that nothing was lost. His neighbors, who speak of him in kindly terms, seem to wonder at his going away when he apparently had suffi- cient property to liquidate all his liabilities. Freeman Gay came from the bleak shores of the Pine-Tree State, about 1847 or 1848, and settled in this neigh- borhood, where he remained a number of years, and finally removed into Jack- son Township. He is still living there, and is a wealthy farmer of that town. William Nelson, a prominent citizen of the town in the early days, came here from Trenton, N. Y., but was an Englishman by birth. He settled in this section in 1848, and gave the town the name of Trenton, when it and Greengarden were known as one township, as noticed in the beginning of this 638 HISTORY OF will county. chapter. He sold out, some years ago, and removed into Jackson Township, where he still resides. William and Charles Bissett were from Bonny Scotland, and came to the settlement in 1848. Charles died in a short time after their settlement here. William went to California during the gold excitement of 1849 and 1850, where he still lived the last known of him. A man named Borders settled here in 1849. He was from Ohio, and did not remain long in the set- tlement. What became of him no one knows or seems to care, as he was, to use a Southern phrase, "small potatoes " anyway, it w^as said. Clarke Baker came from New York, and bought land here in 1847, but did not settle on it until 1850. He is still living, an active, energetic man of fourscore and two years, and is one of the respected citizens and wealthy farmers of the township. He is the present Supervisor, an office he has held for several years, as will be found on another page. This comprises a number of the first set- tlers of Manhattan Township up to a period when the tide of immigration poured in with a rapidity defying the power of the historian to keep pace with names and dates. When township organization went into eflfect, in 1850, there were but ten legal voters in the territory now comprised in Manhattan Town- ship, and, as already stated, was not sufficient to form a township of itself, but was, with Greengarden, known as Trenton Township, and so remained until 1853, when they were separated and organized under their present names. William Nelson was the first Supervisor of Trenton Township, and held the office in 1850 ; was succeeded by M. Bailey, who served during 1851 and 1852, when the towns were divided, and John Young elected Supervisor of Manhattan for 1858. Clarke Baker was elected in 1854, and held it for two years, when Mr. Young was re-elected, and held the office from 1856 to 1860, inclusive. In 1861, Clarke Baker was again elected and also in 1862, and in 1863, was succeeded by G. A. Buck, who served until 1865, when J. E. Baker was elected, serving from 1865 to 1869, inclusive. G. A. Buck was then re-elected, and served 1870-72, and was succeeded by S. Robinson, in 1873-74, when Clarke Baker was again elected, and has held the office ever since. Other township officers are Clarke Baker and Hiram Olney, Justices of the Peace ; Hiram Olney, Town Clerk ; Michael Haley, Constable, and George A. Buck, School Treasurer. As recent as the settlement of Manhattan Township has been, the early record of mortality is somewhat cloudy and vague. The first death of which we have been able to learn definitely was that of Charles Bissett, who is noticed as settling here in 1848, and Avho, it is said, died in a year or two afterward. A child of Stephen Bowen was born in 1850, and Avas probably the first, or, at least, the first in what might be termed the second era of settlements in the town. It might be claimed that Edward Perkins was the first settler of the township to perpetrate matrimony, though he married in New York. But to come down to a more modern date, George A. Buck and Miss Sarah Baker were married at quite an early day. We do not give these, however, as being HISTORY OF WILL COUllTY. 639 the first births, deaths aiul marriages which actually occurred in the town, and are inclined to think they are not; but they are the first of which we have been able to learn anything definite. It is altogether probable that, with many Ger- man and Irish immigrants coming in, there were births at an earlier date than those given. But it is stated by some of the early settlers that children were rather scarce in Manhattan in the early days of its settlement, and that it was long before there were enough to form a school. Mr. Young, who had resided in New York City, where the crop of juvenility was ponderous, says his wife was often annoyed there by the noise and racket of children in their neighbor- hood ; but used to say frecjuently, after she had been " here a spell," that she would give much to hear the noise of children at play. The first Justice of the Peace in the township was William Bissett, and received the olEce in 1849, but did not hold it long, as he sold out in 1850 and went to California. The first blacksmith-shop was kept by a man named Cun- ningham, in 1851. Where Cunningham came from, or whither he went, no one can now tell. There is no village in Manhattan Township, nor has there ever been a store within its borders, nor a post office established for its particu- lar benefit. Hut very recently Greengarden post office was moved over, just inside of the Manhattan line. Joliet is the point of traffic of its citizens, and is the post office where the large majority of them get their mail matter. It is there they haul their grain and other farm produce, and hence, stores and post offices have not been at all required in their town, and would not, perhaps, be much patronized if they were as plenty as Falstaif's blackberries. The first and the only church structure ever erected in Manhattan Town- ship, is the Episcopal Church, built in 1857, under the ministerial charge of Rev. Clinton Locke, who at the time was Rector of the Episcopal Church in Joliet, and now of Grace Church, Chicago, and whom we noticed as officiating in the reception of President Hayes in his recent visit to Chicago. The church edifice is a frame, and cost about ^1,500. Some dozen or twenty families wor- ship there at the present time under the pastorate of Rev. A. W. Glass. Other religious organizations have regularly-established societies in the township, and hardly a schoolhouse but serves as a temple of worship and for Sunday schools, but there are no other church edifices. The first schoolhouse was built in 1852, and ill it was taught the first school in the township. For as before stated, there were but few children in the settlement for several years, and consequently not much need felt for schoolhouses. In 187*2, a little more than a score of years after the second era of immigration set in, we find the town contained eight school districts and eight "rood, substantial schoolhouses. There were 415 pupils enrolled and 13 teachers employed ; the district tax levy for the support of schools was $1,135.22, and $1,422.35 the amount paid to teachers. The schools of Manhattan are in a flourishing state ; each district has a good, comfortable schoolhouse ; the best of teachers are employed, and school main- tained for the usual number of months each year. 640 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. When Mr. Young settled in Manhattan Township, in 1849, there was not, he informed us, a rod of fence in the town, but a little in Five-Mile Grove, where Mr. Baker had bought land. Aside from that little bunch of timber, it was an unbroken prairie, well set in tall, waving grass, overtopped with wild- flowers, and presenting a picture of beauty equal to the most extravagant ideas of the Western prairies to be obtained from the New York Ledger and kindred publications. The town is sufficiently rolling to drain well ; in fact, there is not a section but that is capable of being well drained. It is irrigated by Jackson and Mud Creeks, two small brooklets that usually go dry in the Sum- mer season, but sometimes in long "" rainy spells " get on the rampage and become rather boisterous streams. There are no mills in this town, nor rail- roads, and as before stated, no villages or cities, or "corner lots," and hence, there is very little in the way of history pertaining to it, beyond the mere fact of its settlement, and that of its being, as already noted, one of the finest agri- cultural districts in the county. Although originally settled by New Yorkers, and other Eastern people, the foreign population has rather the ascendency at present. The German and Irish elements are well represented, and can boast of many excellent and wealthy farmers. As showing the importance of Manhattan as an agricultural community, we present the following statistics from the last Assessor's books : ACRES. BUSHELS. Corn 8,371 210,330 Oats 3,857 16,510 Irish Potatoes 5,880 Apple Orchards,.... 135 Flaxseed 231 •TONS. Timothy Meadow 2,063 2,500 Prairie Meadow 2,101 2,643 Pasture 5,959 (not including woodland.) No. pounds wool shorn 160 lbs. No. of Fat Sheep sold 15 head. No. of Cows kept 557 " No. Fat Cattle sold 107 — average weight, 1,000 lbs. per head. No. Fat Hogs " 1,408 " " 250 " From the above figures it will be seen that Manhattan is an excellent farm- ing district, and does its part in swelling the agricultural resources of the county. The political record of Manhattan is Democratic by a very small majority, or has been, until the present ''shaking of the dry bones of the valley " caused by the National Greenbackers, and just now it appears somewhat uncertain as to what a day may bring forth. The township bore a good record in the late war, as is shown by reference to the "Patriotism of Will County." As the deeds of its soldiers are perpetuated in the pages of that work, we shall not go into details of their war history here. They bore the perils of the war for the HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 641 Union, and wo will pass from the subject, with this tribute to those who sleep their last long sleep : " Like a swift-fleeting meteor, a fast-flying cloud, A flash of tlie lightniiifif, a break of the wave, Man passes from life to his rest in the grave." WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. This township is situated in the extreme southeastern part of the county, and is the most distant from the county seat of any township, being from its center, in a direct line from Joliet, twenty-seven miles, and by rail not less than thirty-five. Since the division of Reed Township, this is one of the two greatest in area in the countv, including within its limits all of Congressional Town 33 north and 14 east, and about one-fourth of Range 15. The township presents more than an ordinary variety of soil and surface, being in some portions quite flat and in others rolling ; in some portions a deep, rich soil, and in others lacking in this character. It is watered by the small stream which drains Eagle Lake, which also furnishes stock water for the northeastern, central and southwestern parts. Eagle Lake, formerly much larger than at present, covers an area of a quarter of Section 7 and the sw-amp adjacent, nearly all of this and Section 18. Before the work of draining the lake was begun, hundreds of bushels of cranberries were annually produced and gathered here, but now this industry is destroyed. The other products of the township consist of corn, rye, oats, pota- toes and hay. Stock-raising is carried on to some extent. The Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad passes through the western part, furnishing an outlet for its products and a means of communication with other parts of the country. Prior to the completion of this line, most of the marketing was hauled direct to Chicago, or shipped by the Illinois Central at Peotone or Monee. Most of the land in this township, being outside of the Illinois Central limits, was sold to original settlers or to speculators for ^1.25 per acre, and was occupied within a period ending about 1857. The first settler in the township was a man of the name of Jesse Dutcher. But little is known as to whence he came or whither he went; but, in 1851, he he was found here occupying some land a couple of miles north of Washington Center. The line running through the Center, and continuing through Crete, and thence to Chicago, with its southern terminus at Vincennes, Ind., was the main traveled road between those two extremes, and was one of the most- used thoroughfiires in the State. Marketing of all kinds was hauled from Vin- cennes and all intermediate points by way of this road to Chicago. As a con- sequence, little settlements sprang up all along the line, and, at short distances, houses for the accommodation of the traveler and teamster, and for the profit of the owners, were opened. These houses were scarcely deserving of the name of hotel or tavern, but were owned by parties who were opening farms, and 642 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. havinw built cabins of more than ordinary size, established this species of lodging-house in connection with their farming operations. Such an establish- ment was Dutcher keeping at the time remembered by the earliest settler, in 1851, and for two or three years later. How long he had been there, we are unable to say ; but those who saw him there at the date named, judging from the looks of his house and other improvements, ci'edit him with a half-dozen years' previous residence. Dutcher was also a preacher, and, as now remem- bered, was of the Methodist persuasion. Perhaps he was not a regularly- licensed minister, as his stay, in such case, could not have been so prolonged. However, like his ancient prototype, Melchizedek, the priest of Salem, he went as he came, unknown to any of his cotemporaries, and the balance of his history is lost to this part of the world. Four miles south and a mile west of the Dutcher Tavern, hotel, caravan- sary, or whatever it might be called, was, at the same date, another stopping- place of a similar character, though, if report be true, of a little less respecta- bility, as its proprietor was anything else than a preacher. At this place, which was near what is now known as the Sollitt Farm, James McBein " took the stranger in " and accommodated him for a compensation ; and, with this Scriptural argument, he went before the Bar Supreme many years ago to plead admission to the "Heavenly Mansion." The McBein family have all removed from the township. By an examination of the map, it will be discovered that these two hotels or taverns were not on the same section line ; but they were on the same road, which did not follow the section line in all cases, but meandered about, follow- ing sometimes the bank of a creek, and at others being confined to the highest ridges of land. Along this general highway other habitations sprung up in due time, and the "big-road" settlement w^as distinct for many miles up and down its course. Among these were John Rose, William Strain and Joseph Maxwell. John Rose was probably the third settler in the township, and is almost entitled to the credit of being the first, as the settlements previously named could scarcely be called permanent. Certain it is that the Rose family is now the oldest family in the bounds of Washington Township. Mr. Rose was a native of Ireland, and came to this part of the country in 1851. He settled on the west side of Section 3, which, it will be noticed, is near the line of the former " big road." John Rose died in 1858. Heirs of the family still occupy the old homestead. William Strain was also a native of Ireland. He came to this place in 1852, and still resides here, a few rods north of the " Center." Joseph Maxwell came from Ohio with T. L. Miller, and still resides here. Philip Nolan was also one of the earliest settlers in this part of the town- ship. Nolan had lived in Chicago a couple of years before removing to this vicinity in 1851 . Joseph AVhite was one of the prominent men of the early times in this neighborhood, though his residence here was but brief, extending from HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. 643 the year 1854 till about 1858. It was at his house, on the Dutcher farm, that the first township election was held, in 1856 ; and at this election he was chosen one of the first Justices of the Peace. After the exodus of Dutcher, White installed himself as landlord and farmer, and continued here until 1858, when he removed to Indiana. While tiiese settlements were being made, another, known at the time as " The Settlement," was being made in tlie northeast corner of the township, in the vicinity of Eagle Lake. Among the first settlers in that neighborhood were Henry Balilman, Peter Dohse, Andrew Carstensen, Pade Kruse, Charles Fuller nnd William Bliss, most of whom have since removed to other places. The Bahlman family, of whom Henry Bahlman, Jr., is a member, still reside here. The modest-looking lake was, about twenty years ago, the scene of a horrible and most disgusting tragedy, with which, however, none of the citizens were in anywise connected. Parties, residents of other parts of the county, to conceal another crime, and for the small consideration of $50, com- mitted a crime here that has justly cursed them for all time to come. The night was dark and gloomy, and well calculated to inspire the two monsters who committed the devilish deed with feelings which must be necessary to the accomplishment of such an inhuman act. Their victim was an infant, of which they had been put in charge for the purpose of procuring for it a home in some institution established for such unfortunates. But either the price received or the idea of a more effectual concealment of the original crime, impelled them to committing the little body to the depths of Eagle Lake. The details of the crime, though published in all of the papers at the time, are too disgusting for further mention, except to say that the perpetrators were discov- ered, arrested, tried and convicted, but by some means they escaped the just penalty of their dark deed. By 1856, farms were also being opened in the southern and western parts of the township. The Germans, who are now more than half owners of the township, were beginning to arrive ; and by the year last named, there were about twenty additional families, among whom are remembered : Rensellaer and Edwin C. Richards, W. and C Lyon, Joseph Irish, Horace Morrison, William and M. Watkins, Richard Lightbown, Isaiah and Stephen Goodenow, Robert and David Dunbar, John B. Bowes, John Miers, Peter Dohse, H. Spanler, John Tatmire and Aaron and Miles Johnson. The township was yet a part of Crete, and voted and transacted all political business Avith that precinct. In the year mentioned, however, a move was made toward establishing this as a separate precinct. A petition was prepared and presented to the Board of Supervisors ; and no good reason appearing to the contrary, an election for the purpose of organization and for selecting township officers was by them ordered to take place on the lat Tuesday of April, 1856. As has been stated, the election was held at the house of Joseph White, and the record which is still extant indicates that there were thirty voters present. Rensellaer Richards was 644 HISTORY OF WILL COUNTY. chosen Moderator and William Watkins, Clerk pro tern. They were sworn tO' perform the duties of their positions according to law, by William Hughes, a Justice of the Peace, and Avere about to proceed to business, when it was men- tioned that as William Watkins had not resided in the town a year, he was con- sequently ineligible. M. Watkins Avas therefore chosen and qualified in his stead, and the election proceeded. Rensellaer Richards was elected Supervisor and Assessor ; Edwin C. Richards, Clerk ; William B. Conner, Collector ; William A. Bliss, Overseer of the Poor ; Joseph Irish, Joseph Maxwell and Henry Bahlman, Commissioners of Highways ; Joseph White and William Watkins, Justices of the Peace ; and Isaiah Goodenow and J. H. Irish, Con- stables. The Richards family must have been both a popular and competent one, as they monopolized the three most important offices. The names of the present officers are : F. Wilke, Supervisor ; Charles Holtz, Clerk ; Henry Bahlman, Jr., Assessor ; August Guritz, Collector ; Henry Valtner, John Tegtmeir and Edmund Smith, Commissioners of Highways : Charles Holtz and Henry Lattz, Constables ; Rudolph Pecht and Henry Bahl- man, Justices of the Peace ; and Christopher Koelling, School Treasurer. The number of votes polled is about 200, though a full ballot has never been cast. The township is well supplied with school facilities, there being, besides the seven public schools, four private schools supported by the difierent religious denominations. The first effort to provide school advantages for the children of the township was in 1855, when Sabina Graham was employed to teach a few children, in a room of the Dutcher- White Hotel. The next Spring, a little shanty was erected in that neighborhood. This first schoolhouse was a simple Summer concern, constructed of rough boards, and was but twelve feet long and as many wide. At first it was designed for only a single Summer, but was pressed into the service for several years. Miss Graham was an excellent teacher, and her praise as a kind and diligent instructor may still be heard from some of her early pupils, now grown to be middle-aged men and matrons. In 1857, a good schoolhouse, which is still mentioned in this vicinity as the " new schoolhouse," was erected in this vicinity, and the following year the township was divided, into two districts, and a second house was erected. A few items extracted from the School Commissioners' report of that year, will prove interesting to our readers, as showing the satisfactory advance in this direction at the present date : Schools 2 Number of months in each year 9 Average wages $19 63 Number of scholars attenSidlow, of Grrundy Co., 111., and has one child — Hubert C. ALEXANDER ANDREWS, grocery merchant. Joliet ; was born in Meriden, New Haven Co., Conn., Oct. 29, 1824; in early life he learned the trade of car- penter and joiner ; he came West to Illi- nois in 1852, and settled in Peoria Co., where he engaged in carpentering for a number of years; in 1858, he purchased a farm in Knox Co., and followed agricult- ural pursuits till 1870 ; he then spent one or two years in traveling, and, in 1872, lo- cated in Joliet ; here he worked at his trade until November, 1870, when he engaged in his present occupation. He was married in 1843, to Lucia S. Lewis, a native of Connecticut ; has two children — Frank and Fred. Mr. Andrews has a fine trade and is deservedly popular as a business man. JACOB ADLER, stock dealer, Joliet ; born in Pru.ssia, Germany, March 17, 1 836 ; he emigrated with his parents to America when 2 years of age, landing in New York, coming directly West and re- maining in Chicago for a few months, then a short time in Indiana, then a short time at Sag Bridge, Will Co., when he removed to New Lenox, where he went to school one year, then to Joliet in 1843, where he attended school in the old log schoolhouse, the first school house in the township ; he remained with his father upon the farm until 22 years of age, when he engaged in the grocery and provision business about « one year, then selling out, he went to Pike's Peak and traveled over a large part of the Western Territories ; returning to Joliet in 1861, he engaged in the butch- ering and stock business, which he has since successfully followed ; he has been largely engaged in farming, and raising, buying and shipping stock to the Chi- cago and Eastern markets. He married Jan. 11, 1866, to Emily Erhard, daugh- ter of George Erhard, one of the pioneers of Will Co. ; they are the parents of six children now living, viz., Louisa M., Jacob C, Lawrence J., Emily F. V., Michael L. and Angeline A. P. P. ADLER, dealer in live stock and proprietor of Adler's wholesale and retail market, Joliet ; was born in Joliet Oct. 7, 1842 ; he is a son of Michael Adler, who came to Will Co. over forty years ago and is now living in Joliet at the age of 75 years ; Mr. Adler received an English education in the Joliet public schools, and then learned the shoemaker's trade, which he followed for four years ; at the age of 21, he began business for himself and has followed various kinds of business to the present time. He was married in 1865, to Miss Mary A Flick, of Joliet and has four childien — Angeline J., Lizzie L., Peter J. and Frederick J. OREN W. ARNOLD, groceries and provisions, Joliet ; firm of Arnold & Bowen ; born in Orleans Co., N. Y., July 12, 1835, where he attended school until 10 years of age ; he emigrated with his parents to Joliet in the winter of 1845 ; in the spring fol- lowing, he removed with his parents to Iroquois Co., and engaged in farming for a period of seventeen years, when he re- moved to Troy Tp., Will Co., where he lived six years, being engaged in learning the trade of carpenter, and farming ; he then went to Minnesota for his health, taking JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 661 with him two droves of horses; after dis- posinfr of them lie engaged at his trade for two years ; returning from there to his farm in Troy Tj). in 1874, wliere he lived until 1877, when he engaged in the above business in Juliet, cor. Bluff and Exchange sts. He married in 1859, Helen Sanuuons ; they had one child, which died in infancy. Mrs. Arnold died Jan. 30, 18G2. Mr. Arnold again married, Dec. 25, 1868, to Minnie Clark ; she was born in Plainfield, Will Co. Her parents were among the early .settlers of Will Co. Four children were the fruit of this union, viz., Hellen, May, Lillian E., Burt C. and Francis W. F. ALFRICk, blacksmith, Joliet ; born in Grermany Feb. 20, 1837, where he lived and attended school constantly until 15 years of age, when he engaged in farming three years ; he emigrated to America when 18 years of age, landing in New York Nov. 27, 1854; from there he went to Picton, C. W., where he learned the blacksmith trade, working at the same for a period of ten years ; he emigrated to Joliei, 111., in November, 1865, and engaged at his trade, which business he has since successfully fol- lowed ; he owns his place of business and other real estate upon Bluff St., and has a line residence upon Broadway, which he erected in 1875 ; all of the above he has accumulated by his own hard labor, strict integrity and industry. He married March, 1860, Jane Storm ; she was a native of Scotland ; they had five children by this union, viz., Robert L., Isabella R., Emma, Maggie and Frederick. Mrs. Alfrick died. Mr. Alfrick again married to Susan Kluth ; she was born in Chicaso Oct. 6, 1849. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ALLEN, physician, Joliet; was born of New En- gland parentage, in Watertown, Jeffer- son Co., N. Y., Dec. 12, 1815; when about 4 years of age, his parents re- moved to St. Lawrence Co., where he passed his early years on a farm situated on the banks of the river St. Lawrence, attending the district school during the winter seasons; soon after attaining his majority, he went back to Watertown, his native place, and there spent six years, first as a student at the Black River Liter- ary and Religious Institute, a part of the time teaching school, and lator pursuing his medical reading, under the direction of Drs. Hannibal S. Dickerson, of Watertown, and M. K. Bates, of Brownsville; hi! com- pleted his full term of medical study, at- tending courses of mear the Michigan Central Depot with a capacity of 20,000 bushels ; he handles upward of half a million bushels of grain per annum. He was married in 1863 to Miss Marian C. Wood- ruff", daughter of George Woodruff, of Joliet; she died in 1876, leaving two chil- dren — George W. and Jennie C. Mr. Bush was married again in 1877 to Miss JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 665 Bella G. Kenyon, daughter of John Ken- yon, of Wheatland, 111. ; they have one child — John K. J. D. BROWN, druggist and chemist, Joliet ; born in Eaymcrtown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., March 12, 182tj ; he received hj^ acadoniioal education in Lyman Cross Academy, Troy, N. Y., completing the course in 1842 at the age of 16 ; he then engaged in the drug business with his uncle at Lansingburg, N. Y., where he remained three j'ears. He emigrated West and located in the di'ug trade in Joliet in 1846, since which time he has been successfully engaged in the above business during a period of upward of thirty-two years ; he is the senior member of the firm of J. H. Brown & Co., his brother, J. H., being the junior partner for the past nine years. He married in New York Sept. 10, 1846, to Adelia Brown; four children were the fruit of this union, two of whom are now living, viz., George and Mary M. Mrs. Brown died in Sep- tember, 1855. His second marriage, to Emily G. Bartlc, was celebrated in Sep- tember, 1858 ; three children have been born to them — Eugene, Helen and Horace. JOSEPH BARTHELME, farmer; P. O. Joliet ; born in Alsace, Germany, Feb. 17, 1828, where he lived until IS years of age, and engaged in farming ; he emigrated to America at the above age, landing in New York April 27, 1846, going directly to Pennsylvania ; he engaged in the canal business until October, 1848, when he emigrated to Joliet and worked in the quarries and lime-kilns for a period of twelve years; in 1860, he engaged in farming, renting sixty acres two miles from Joliet. which he worked for seven years, when he purchased eighty acres on Sec. 6, Joliet Tp., which he has since continued to work ; he owns besides his farm of eighty acres, which is located one mile from Joliet, his present residence on BlufiF street, which he has owned since 1851. He married June 11, 1851, to Mary Wiles; she was born in Alsace, Germany, March 22, 1833 ; they have by this union ten children now living, viz., Mary Ann, Helen, Frank, Joseph, Michael, Antonette, Edward C, George, William and Alexan- der. Mr. B. has held the office of Alder- man for two years in the ward in which he lives. T. BURKE, livery, feed and sale stable, Joliet; born in Lowell, Mass., May 11, 1840, removing when (juite young to Joliet, 111., where he has since lived, being en- gaged in various pursuits in his youth when not attending school ; his first business enterprise was in trucking, to which he has added the livery, feed and sale stable, car- rying on the only business of the kind west of the river, and kee})ing a good stock of horses and carriages for rent which receive his personal attention, and are always found in first-class order. He married July 11, 185G, in Joliet, to Mary Hcnn&sy ; she was a native of Ireland ; they have by this union eleven children now living, viz., Mary A., John R., Bernard, Helen, Katie. Anna, Thomas F., William, Sarah, Hattie and Alice. R. S. BROWN, of the firm of Zarley & Co., publishers of the Joliet Signal; is a native of Joliet ; he was born Aug. 30, 1845 ; he is a son of R. D. Brown, who who came to Joliet from Rensselaer Co.. N. Y., in 1845, and still resides here ; Mr. Brown was educated in the public schools of the city, and at the age of 17 entered the Signal office as an apprentice ; this was in 1862; he became familiar with every branch of the business, afterward becoming foreman, and in 1873, became a partner in the firm. ALEXANDER BURDEN, merchant tailor, Joliet ; born in Comrie, Perthshire, Scotland, on the Sth of April, 1832 ; he learned the trade of a tailor in his native country, and, when about 17 years of age, left Scotland and came to America; the first five years he worked at his trade in Lowell, Mass., Oneida Co., N. Y., Ottawa, Can. and Cincinnati, Ohio ; in March, 1853, he came to Joliet and has continued in the merchant tailoring business here ever since. He was married March 3, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth Jamieson of New York Mills, Oneida Co., N. Y, ; she was a native of Loch Winnock, Scotland, and came to this country in 1849 ; she died Aug. 29, 1877, leaving four children — David, Jennie, Maggie and Willie. NATHANIEL BARNS, farmer and stock-raiser. Sec. 34; P. 0. Joliet; born in Rockland Co., N. Y., June 18, 1818, where ho lived until 40 years of age, being engaged in farming and dealing in stock until he emigrated to Joliet Tp., Will Co., 666 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 111., in 1858, upon his present place, since whicli he has been (extensively engaged in farming and has expended a great deal of time and money making improvements, such as draining, etc; he owns 160 acres under a high state of cultivation, three and one-half miles from Joliet. He married Oct. 1, 1849, to Mary E. Thiell ; she was from the same place as Mr. Barnes ; she was born June 21, 1829; they are the parents of ten children — Emily A., Isaac and Edward, deceased; the living are George J., Rosalia, Grace, Nathaniel, Eliza, John Henry and Blanche. .^Ir. Barnes has held the office of School Di- rector for more than ten years and has always taken a deep interest in the cause of education in the district where he lives. LEWIS BROWN, farmer. Sec. 24; P. 0. Joliet ; born in Onondaga Co.,N. Y., June 2, 1827, where he attended school in winter and worked upon his father's farm in summer until 13 years of age, when in 1S4(', he removed with his fath- er's ianiily to Will Co., 111.; he settled upon his present farm in 1863; owns 160 acres of well-improved land, valued at $60 per acre. He married Miss Christy Smith- ley, Oct. 19, 1871 ; she was born Oct. 13, 1839, in Westmoreland Co., Penn.; they are the parents of three children — Jennie Luella, born Oct. 21, 1872; Lydia May, born Feb. 17, 1875, died Feb. 19, 1876; Katie Bell, born June 2, 1877. ^ WALLACE B. CASWELL, proprietor St. Nicholas Hotel, Joliet; was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., in 1831 ; his father was a farmer of moderate circumstances, possessing a small piece of land which he tilled with his own hands ; he recognized the value of an education and made every effort to secure for his children that mental culture which is imperishable ; but Wallace was not a studious youth ; the glorious fun of fishing, hunting, " I spy,' •' two-old-cat" and other athletic sports, had for him a far greater charm than the problems of his arithmetic, the puzzling intricacies of his grammar, the comprehensive knowledge contained within the pasteboard lids of his geogi-aphy, or even the polysyllables of his spelling-book ; all told, his schooling amounted to less than three years of con- stant attendance ; to this day he ack'nowl- edges, that it was his own fault that not even a common-school education accompa- nied him when he embarked for himself in the struggles of life ; it was in the vocation of an apple-peddler that pennies first poured into the capacious pockets of his "flap" trowsers ; with a basket well-laden with pippins, greenings, Spitzenbergs, gillyflow- ers and rusty-coats, gathered from his father's orchard, he daily plodded to the village of Albion for several years and returned at night jubilant with success, or dejected by failure, according as good or ill luck had attended his labors among the fruit-loving denizens of the village ; in those days (a matter which will be a sur- prise to the fruit-venders of this genera- tion) a "square meal" could be obtained for 3 cents, and to indulge in the extras of the season 5 cents was considered an ex- orbitant demand ; in 1844, his father came West, purchased a small farm and grist-mill at Plainfield, nine miles north- west of Joliet ; from that date till the present, the subject of this sketch has been a resident of this State ; in 1845, he en- tered the village store as clerk, owned by a Mr. Goddard, at the munificent salary of $4 per month, without board ; Mr. G. also operated stores in Elgin and St. Charles ; he continued with him at intervals, until 1858, vibrating from one point to another, as occasion and the interests of his employer might require ; in 1849, he was employed in the dry goods and carpet store of H. W. Bigelow, of Chicago; his positions and employments have been various, and fortune and mis-fortune have not been strangers to him. He was married in 1854, to Esther J. Eurn, of Plainfield. At one time we find him a prosperous business man, amassing wealth rapidly ; again we see him penniless, with a great debt upon his shoulders ; at the breaking-out of the war, he was doing a thriving grocery trade in Joliet. He en- tered the army as sutlei-, and, at first, money '•rolled in by the bushel," and indicated that his fortune was made ; but these were uncertain days; when about thirty-five miles south of Louisville, on his way to Bardstown, John Morgan, the daring, dashing cavalryman of Southern fame, despoiled his train of six loads of sutler's goods, "cabbaged" his horses and left him with a whole skin, but not money enough to get back to Joliet ; again he replenished his stock and the same result followed ; after having once more purchased a JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 667 full stock, he sold out, took notes in pay- ment, never realized a cent from them, and returned to Juliet as poor as he was five years before. In 18G4, he began operating the old National Hotel on the west side of the city ; here he remained almost ten years accumulating money as if by magic ; in 1873, he furnished the Robertson House at an expense of $20,000 ; in one year he lost half of the amount accumulated in the preceding ten years ; he next pur- chased one-half interest in the Gait House, Chicago, and in one year shelved the bal- ance ; he opened the St. Nicholas as a hotel June 17, 1875. GEORGE M. CAMPBELL, Secretary and Treasurer of the Joliet Stone Co., Joliet ; was born in Unity, Waldo Co., Me., Jan. 5, 1848 ; in early childhood, he removed with his parents to Springfield, Mass., and lived there and in that vicinity until he was 9 years of age ; the family then removed to Linn Co., Iowa, and five years later, in April, 18G2, came to Joliet; his parents resided here four years, and then returned to Massachusetts ; he was educated in the public schools of Joliet and at the Springfield, Mass., English and Classical Institute ; he followed the busi- ness of clerking and book-keeping until May, 1875, when the Joliet Stone Co. was organized, he being one of the three equal partners, and on its incorporation, Dec. 1, 1877, he became Secretary and Treasurer of the company. He was married Dec. 25, 1873, to MissLibbie R. Snapp, daugh- ter of Hon. Henry Snapp, of Joliet, and has two children — Jessie M. and Ida A- M. B. CAMPBELL, M. D., physician and surgeon, Joliet, was born in Williston, Vt.. Nov. 29, 18-13; he received his pre- paratory education at the Williston Acade- my, after which he studied medicine in the ofiice of Dr. E. A. Pond, of Rutland, Vt., who has since become famous as the inventor of the American Sphygmograph, for measuring and tracing the pulsations of the heart ; from his ofiice he entered the medical department of Harvard Uni- versity, where he graduated and received his degree, March 7, 18G6 ; during his course of studies he served one year as medical cadet in the regular army ; after graduating, he spent one year in practice with Dr. Pond, in Rutland, and then came West, and located in Wilmington, 111.; he practiced medicine there until 1874, when he removed to Joliet; Dr. Campbell was thoroughly educated as an allopathic physician, but, in 1872, having become fully convinced of the sujieriority of the law of " Similia siniiHbus curantur," or so-called homeopathy, after thorough prep- aration he joined the Illinois State Homeo- pathic Medical Association, and, in 1874, was elected a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy. ROMAINE J. CURTISS, M. D., phy- sician and surgeon, Joliet ; was born in Richland Co., Ohio, Oct. 1, 1840 ; at the age of 16 years, he entered Hillsdale Col- lege, Mich., and after leaving there at- tended one course of medical lectures at Buffalo Medical College ; in 1862, he en- tered the Union army as Hospital Steward of the 1 23d Ohio Vols., and in April, 1863, was appointed a Medical Cadet in the reg- ular army ; served on the hospital-boat which, during the siege of Vicksburg. con- veyed the wounded up the river to Mem- phis and St. Louis, and was afterward trans- ferred to the General Hospital at Cincin- nati ; in 1864, he graduated and received his degree of M. D. from the Ohio Med- ical College, and was appointed Assistant Sjirgeon in the U. S. Navy, serving till the close of the war ; he then located in Erie I Co., N. Y., where he practiced medicine seven years, during which time he pursued a medical course at the Bellevue Hospital I Medical College, graduating from that in- stitution in March, 1868 ; from Erie Co. he came to Joliet in 1873 ; he is a mem- ber of the . Erie County Medical Society, of the Will County Medical Society, and also a corresponding member of the Bos- ton Gynecological Society. He was mar- ried Nov. 29, 1870, to Miss Sarah A. Real, of Erie Co., N. Y. H. S. CARPENTER, of the firm of Carpenter & Marsh, grain merchants and proprietors of the Union Transfer Eleva- tor, Joliet; was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., Nov. 25, 1826 ; he resided there until he was nearly 20 years of age ; he received an academic education in Rochester and Albion, N. Y., and in 1846, came to Jol- iet ; he taught school nine quarters in Troy Tp.,and then engaged in speculating, buying and selling property, etc.; about twenty -five years ago,he engaged in the grain business, being now the oldest grain mer- 668 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ; chant in Joliet ; in the Spring of 1874, the firm of Carpenter & Marsh was established aud the Union Transfer Elevator erected, at a cost, including the mill and dock in con- nection therewith, of some $15,000 ; they now do a yearly business of $1,500,000, and handle about five millions of bushels of grain per annum. Mr. Carpenter was married Jan. 22, 1850, to Miss Henrietta Spencer, of Troy Tp., and has three chil- dren — Charles H,, George and Sarah F. CHARLES CLEMENT, retired, Jol- iet ; has been a permanent resident of Joliet since 1834, and is the oldest living inhabitant of the city ; he was born in Windsor, Vt., Jan. 13, 1810 ; after receiv- ing a common-school education, he spent some time in an academy at Atkinson, N. H.; in 1833, he came West, and passed through Joliet (then containing but two log cabins), on his way to Peoria ; the fol- lowing spring, he returned and made his home here, where he has continued to re- side ever since ; he soon afterward engaged in mercantile business, which he continued most of the time until his retirement from active business, about 1865 ; in the spring of 1839, he, with others, established the first newspaper in Will Co., the Joliet Courier, which afterward became the Jol- iet Signal ; he has served three years as a member of the Board of Supervisors, be- ing the first Supervisor upon the organiza- tion of the township ; he has held the offi- ces of Alderman, School Inspector, etc. He was married Aug. 5, 1844, to Miss Cordelia Wilcox, of Elbridge, N. Y., and has two children. J. J. CULVER, JoHet ; dealer in live stock, and proprietor of BluflP Street Mar- ket ; was born in Montgomery County, N. Y,, Dec. 5, 1828 ; at the age of 14 years, he entered a store as clerk, and at the age of 20, engaged in general mer- chandising for himself, which he continued till 1857 ; when, being in poor health he came West, bringing with him a stock of goods, which he traded off for a farm in Channahon Tp ; he followed farming there seven years, and then removed to Joliet and engaged in his present business, which is quite extensive, as he retails an average • of forty cattle per month. During the war he did a large and successful business in buying and shipping stock. He has a farm of nearly 200 acres south of the city, acres more. 100 head on of the past attention and also rents some 300 which he usually feeds cattle, or 1,000 sheep. For four years, has confined his mainly to sheep raising, shipping stock, and attending to his business in town. He was married Oct. 21, 1853, to Miss Lydia A. Knox, of Montgomery Co., N. Y., and has ■ four children — Willie K., Aggie C, Edward E. and Charles S. ABIJAH CAGWIN, dealer in grain ; Joliet ; was born in Oneida Co. N. Y., May 19, 1807 ; in 1824, he removed with his parents to Brockport, Monroe Co., and there began business as a tanner and cur- rier, owning an extensive tannery which burned down in 1834; he was also en- gaged in shoe manufacturing. He came to Will Co., in 1835, and settled about two miles from Joliet — then Juliet — where he built a saw-mill, in which he sawed the lumber used in building the first grain warehouse in Will Co., which Mr. Cagwin erected a few years later. Here he was elected Justice of the Peace, serving eight years; in 1839, he was elected County Judge, and moved into the city ; at the expiration of his four years' service as County Judge, he engaged in merchandis- ing, afterward associating with him his brother, Francis L. Cagwin; in 1856, he with others, established the Will County Bank, the firm being Cagwin, Higinbo- tham & Co. ; a few years afterward, he en- gaged in the grain and produce business, which he has continued to the present time. He has served three terms as City Treasurer ; one term on the Board of Supervisors, and four years as Supt. of the Will County Alms-house and Poor Farm. He was married in 1827, to Miss Hannah Scriber, of Brockport, N. Y., but formerly from Rutland Co., Vt., and has eight children — Merritt 0., of Elwood, 111., Helen A. (Mrs. Elvis Harwood. of Joliet), Sarah A. (Mrs. Barritt, of Joliet), Thom^is P., of Joliet, Hamden A., of Joliet, Nancy A., of Joliet, Rose L. ( Mrs. A. R. Briggs, of Joliet), and Abijah S., of Joliet. GEORGE N. CHAMBERLIN, of the firm of S. S. Chamberlin & Son, under- takers and dealers in furniture ; Joliet ; was born in Lockport, Will Co., 111., Dec. 20, 1851 ; he is a son of S. S. Chamberlin, who came to Will Co. at an early day, frequent reference to whom will be found . JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 669 in other parts of tliis work. Mr. Cham- berlin was educated in the High School in his native town, and when about 20 years of age, entered the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. 11. Co., in Chicago, in the telegraph department, re- maining with them two years ; he then spent some three years in the ofl&ce of Norton & Co., of Lockport, and in 1876, engaged in his present business with his father, who is the oldest undertaker and furniture dealer in Will Co. He was mar- ried Dec. 5, 1876, to Miss Ella E. Munger, daughter of Charles E. Munger, of Chicago, for twenty-five years a resident of Joliet; they have one child — Fred M. JOHN K. CASEY, M. D., physician and surgeon, Joliet ; has been a resident and a practicing physician of Joliet, since 1858; he is a native of Illinois, and was born in Jefferson Co. Jan. 28, 1835; at 16 years of age, he entered McKendree College, Lebanon, 111., where he remained three years ; leaving College, he entered upon the study of medicine under the in- struction of Dr. Charles A. Pope, at that time one of the most prominent surgeons in the West. He attended medical lectures in the St. Louis Medical College where he graduated and received his degree in 1857. After practicing medicine one year in 01- ney, Richland Co., 111., he located in Joliet, as above stated. In May of the same year (1858j, he was appointed physician in charge of the State Penitentiary Hos- pital in this city, occupying that position ten years.' He is at present President of the Will County Medical Society, and also holds the office of City and County Phy- sician, to which he was elected several years ago ; he has also served one year on the Board of Aldermen. He was mar- ried in June, 1863, to Mies Ada Vander- pool, of Joliet ; a native of New York City, and has four children — Florida, Wil- lis W. Dwight and Laura. CHARLES W. CLEGHORN, j.roprie- tor Joliet Soap Works, Joilet ; was born in the Province of Ontario Aug. 16, 1853. He is a son of Rev. Thomas, a Methodist clergyman, and wlio was a brother of Edward Cleghorn, of this city. His father was a native of New York State, but lived in Canada from the age of 5 years until 1870, when he removed to Michigan, and resided there until his death, which occurred in February, 1878. After his father's death, his mother, Mrs. Elizabeth (Williams) Cleghorn, removed with her family to Joliet, where they now reside. Charles W. came to Joliet in 1870, and learned the tanner's trade with Messrs. Mack, Cleghorn & Co., and continued till July, 1876, when he engaged in his present business. He manu- factures three brands of soap; the "Granite," he considers his finest soap ; is of his own invention, and unexcelled for either toilet or laundry purposes ; his two other brands, the " Standard " and " Boss," are both ex- cellent articles, and are furnished at prices which should induce the people of Will Co. to patronize home industries, and ask their grocers for Cleghorn's soaps. WILLIAM P. CATON, retired, Joliet; one of the pioneers of Will Co. ; was born in Orange Co., N. Y., March 28, 1815 ; he lived in Oneida Co., N. Y., until 18 years of age, being engaged in mercantile pursuits and attending school ; at the above age, he removed to Ann Arbor, Mich., where he remained three years, clerking in' a general store ; he then came to Chicago in 1836, clerking for a short time; then to Milwaukee, clerking until the following year ; he then returned to Illinois and took up 2,000 acres of Government land in Cook Co., sixteen miles northwest of Chicago ; here he lived until 1848, when he removed to Chicago, being engaged in mercantile pursuits and inspector of canal-boats until 1856, when he removed to Plainfield, Will Co., and engaged in farming until 1871, when on account of ill health he was obliged to give up farming, since which time he has lived in Joliet, but not engaged in active business. He owns his residence and the one adjoining on Oneida St., Joliet. He married Nov. 28, 1844, to Elizabeth Steele ; they are the parents of five chil- dren now living — WilliaTii E., Hannah E., Charles A., Albert R. and Minnie E. JOHN CLARKSON, retired mill- wright, Joliet ; born in Lancashire, England, Oct. 25, 1809, where he learned and worked at the millwright trade until 28 years of age, when he emigrated to America, land- ing in New York July 3, 1837 ; remaining there three months, then to Dlochester four months ; then to Black Rock Dam during the winter of 1837-38, returning to Roches- ter for the summer following ; then to Rome, Mich., for eighteen months ; from 670 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: there to Chicago, and to Joliet by stage, where he located May 20, 1840 ; he first engaged here in building Jones' Steam Flour- Mill, the first of the kind in Joliet ; upon its completion, he with Thomas Keegan, went to Marseilles and built the first flour mill at that place ; from there he went to Chicago and built the first elevator erected in that city. His reputation as a work- man of superior skill at his trade having become generally established, he has been extensively employed in building mills and elevators in all the neighboring towns around Joliet up to the time of his retiring from active labor. He owns a fine resi- dence on the west side of the river, where he resides. He married in England April 12, 1837, to Alice Hodson ; she was born in Lancashire, England, May 1, 1816 ; they are the parents of three children now living, viz., Ellen J., Margaret A. and Mary Ann. Mr. C.'s mother emigrated to America and Joliet in 1844, being then upward of 80 years of age, where she lived until her death in 1848. Mr. C. has filled different offices of trust, among them School Trustee for eight years and School Director for three years. CARSON BROS., groceries and provis- ions, Joliet. Hugh H. Carson, the senior member of the above firm, was born Jan. 1, 1852, in Rhode Island, where he at- tended school and worked in a cotton-fac- tory until 10 years of age, when he emi- grated with his parents to Joliet, locating at this point Aug. 1, 1862 ; at the above date, his father, James Carson, purchased the grocery and provision business of W. B. Caswell, which business he successfully continued until succeeded by his sons May 10, 1875. Robert Carson, the junior mem- ber of the above firm, was born in Rhode Island Sept. 18, 1855 ; emigrating West with his parents to Joliet ; he, with his brother, was employed in the store of their father when not attending school, until they succeeded in the business. The above firm carry a full and complete stock in their line, and havt; a good trade which is rapidly increasing ; their success may be attributed to their thorough knowledge, close personal attention and honest dealing in business. H. W. COPE, horse-collar manufact- urer, JoHet ; born in Newark, N. J., Dec. 13, 1843, where he lived and attended school until 14 years of age, when he im- migrated with his parents to Joliet, where he lived two years ; in 1859, he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he lived two years and commenced to learn his trade ; from there he removed to Newark, N. J., where he lived two years ,when he returned to Joliet and finished his trade ; he pur- chased the interest of his father in July, 1868; he confines business exclusively to the manufacture and jobbing of horse collars, supplying the wholesale trade largely in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan and Indiana ; he employs four hands and such machinery as can be made practical. He married in Joliet July 6, 1865, to Lottie V. Cook ; she was born Nov. 23, 1843, in New York ; they are the parents of two children now living, viz., Lottie A. and Henry L. BARBARA CAMPBELL, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Joliet ; widow of Joseph Campbell ; her maiden name was Barbara Kelly ; she was born in Scotland Dec. 13, 1807. She married Mr. Campbell in Scot- land July 12, 1833; Mr. Campbell was born in Scotland Sept. 30, 1807, where he lived until 28 years of age, when he immi- grated to America and settled in Joliet Tp., Will Co., 111., in 1839, and en- gaged in quarrying ; he was for several years in partnership with ex-Gov. Matte- son in quarrying and contracting, and had some contracts building the Canal. He died June 23, 1858 ; his widow, who sur- vives him, continues to live at the old home, which contains 1 95 acres of well-im- proved land. They were the parents of five children now living, viz., Joseph, Rob- ert, John, Annie and Barbara. THOMAS CULBERTSON, retired miller, Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in New Castle Co., Del., Aug. 23, 1814, where he learned the trade of milling; he removed to Joliet in 1836, and engaged at his trade for two years, when the dam was destroyed for the benefit of the Canal ; afterward worked at Norman's Island and Wilmington ; returned to Joliet in 1839, and settled where he now resides, purchasing what is known as the Red Mill in 1849, which he continued to run until 1867. He married Miss Martha M. Kcr- cheval in Joliet Nov. 19, 1856; her par- ents settled in Will Co., in 1829 ; they are parents of three children — Thomas Edwin, born July 16, 1858 ; May Evelyn, born Oct. 23, 1861 ; Emma Elizabeth, born ^ / ^^)-7^. (deceasedj LOCKPORTTP. JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 673 Jan. 1:5, 1864, died Aug. 28, 1865. Mr. C. has filled the offices of School Trustee and Director in the town where he lives for several terms. N. H. CUTTER, farmer ; P. 0. Joliet ; whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Jaffrey, Cheshire Co., N. H., March 12, 1805; up to the age of 21, he was engaged in farming with his par- ents, after which he learned the trade of joiner and carpenter; in 1828, he moved to Lowell, Mass.. and after being engaged at his trade for a short time, was enij)l()yed in machine shops up to the fill of 1829 ; he then went to Oneida Co., N. Y., and ■worked in Rogers' Machine Shops up to 1834 ; in the fall of the same year he came to Joliet, where he has resided ever since, engaged mostly in farming. Has been Alderman, Justice of the Peace, Assessor and School Director. He married Rebecca R. Bailey, of East Hampton, Mass., Feb. 15, 1838 ; she was born April 14, 1805. Mr. Cutter, while living in the East spent his winters in school teaching. GEORGE W. CASSEDAY, deceased, formerly of Joliet, whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Bedford Co., Va., Dec. 1, 1803. His father dying when he was 6 months old, his mother moved to St. Anne, Ky., where they lived until he was 14 years of age, when they moved to Troy, Ohio ; at this place he learned the trade of carpenter. On January 13, 1824, he married Miss Delilah Murphy, and in the fall of 1825 moved to Vermilion Co., [11., where he engaged in farming up to the spring of 1827, when he moved to Edgar Co., 111., working at his trade of carpenter, and also farming ; in 1829. he moved to Paris, of the same county, and remained there up to 1834, when he returned to Vermilion county ; in 1851, he came to Joliet, where he lived up to his decease, July 23, 1863. When he came to Joliet, having pur- chased a large tract of land, he laid out an addition to the city known as " Casse-. day's Addition." He had five children ; three living — Maria L. (now Mrs. Jo- seph G. English, of Danville, 111.), Mary C (now Mrs. John Durham, of Danville, 111. ), and Henry Clay ; two deceased — David, and Harriet M. MRS. SOPHIA (MURRAY) DEM- MOND, Joliet ; was born in Petersburg, N. Y., July 26, 1804; she is a daughter of John Murray, who was formerly from Bennington, Vt.; her mother, Cynthia Weaver, was a native of Rhode Island ; Mrs. Dcmmond's parents removed to near Auburn, N. Y., when she was a child, and after five years to Sharon, in the same State, where they resided till their death. Her marriage with the late Martin H. Dem- mond, occurred in Frankfort, Herkimer Co., N. Y., April 10, 1831. Mr. Dem- mond was a native of Massachusetts, and was born March 4, 1803 ; he went with his parents to Sangerfield, N. Y., where he was a])prenticed to the tanner and cur- rier's trade ; he, however, did not find this business congenial, and having a taste for mercantile pursuits, he soon afterward engaged in merchandising in various places, in which he was quite successful ; he first married, soon after becoming of age. Miss Adelia Woodruff, a daughter of Theodore Woodruff', of Clinton, N! Y.. and a sister of George H. Woodruff, of this city ; she, however, died during tht: first year of their marriage. While in business in Frankfort, he married Miss Murray, as above stated, and, in 1834, re- moved to Joliet ; he was so intimately identified with the early history and growth of this city, and his connection therewith is so fully recorded in the his- torical portion of this work, that any fur- ther allusion here is unnecessary. He was a man of pure morals and sterling integ- rity ; "his word was as good as his bond." He died of cholera July 18, 1854, leaving a wife, but no children. A niece of Mrs. Demmond's, Miss Catherine Murray, was a member of the family, from the age of 10 years until her marriage with Freder- ick Bartelson, an attorney at law in Joliet, who afterward raised a company for the 100th Regiment, I. V. I., was commis- sioned Captain, afterward promoted to Colonel, and killed at Kenesaw Moun- tain. She is now the wife of J. R. Cas- selberry, of Philadelphia. Mrs. Demmond continues to reside in the old homestead erected by her husband soon after his arrival here. R. DOOLITTLE. Justice of the Peace, Joliet ; was born in Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., June 15, 1809, where he resided until his removal to Joliet in the spring of 1837; after following the grocery business two years, he was elected 3 674 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : Jutitice of tlie Peace, and held the office twelve years, and was also Assignee in Bankruptcy durini: the existence of the old United States bankrupt law ; in 1838, he was elected County Judge, but declined to qualify, and Geo. H. Woodruff was elected in his place; in 1852, he resumed business, the firm being Doolittle & Stone, who erected the three-story brick building on the south side of Jefferson street, the second building west of Ottawa street ; the same year, 1852, he, with six other citi- zens of Joliet, was appointed by the Legis- lature to divide the city into wards, and call an election for city officers. In 1840, previous to the organization of the city, he had served on the Board of Trustees, of which he was the Treasurer ; he remained in the grocery business until 1862, when he sold out to Mr. Stone, and for a number of years was engaged in railroad contract- ing, merchandising, etc. ; he served as Afderman from 1862 to 1866 ; in 1871, was again elected Justice of the Peace. He was married April 5, 1838, to Miss Sarah A. Boss, a native of Canada, and has five children living — Theresa C, Eben B., George H. of Port Huron, Mich., Georgeana and Jesse A. FRANK DEVINE, contractor and builder, Joliet ; is a native of Dutchess Co., N. Y. ; he was born at Fishkill Land- ing, on the Hudson River, July 3, 1849 ; when he was about 18 years old he went to New York City and worked at his trade of a carpenter until after the great fire in Chicago in 1871 ; he then went to that city and took part in its rebuilding during the next two years; in 1873, he came to Joliet and began business as a contractor and builder ; he is acknowledged to be one of the most skillful and reliable workmen in his line of business ; he has built some of the best residences in the city, besides other buildings, among which may be mentioned St. Mary's Church, on which he did the carpenter work. He was married June 5, 1876, to Miss Nellie O'Reilly, daughter of James O'Reilly, of Joliet ; they have one child — James. EUGENE DALY, undertaker and dealer in furniture, Joliet; is a native of the county of Longlbrd, Ireland ; he was born on the 13th of May, 1826; in 1844, he came to this country and spent three years in Sag Harbor, L. I., where he learned the trade of a cabinet-maker ; coming to Chicago, he worked at his trade there until the fall of 1850, when he came to Joliet and started in business for himself; he is the oldest undertaker and furniture man in Joliet ; he has held several public offices, among which may be mentioned those of Coroner of the county. Super- visor and member of the Board of Alder- men. He was married in 1852 to Miss Bridget Thompson, of Joliet; she is also a native of the county of Longford, Ireland; they have eight children living — Margaret, Mary A., John, Catherine, Joseph J., Ellen, Charlie and Willie. JOHN T. DON AHOE, Joliet; Treasur- er of Will Co. ; was born in Joliet Oct. 16, 1855; he is a son of Timothy Donahoe, who came to Joliet from Ireland in 1 853, and is now a resident of Wilmington. J ohn T. left school at the age of 13, and entered the grocery store of his brother in Wil- mington as clerk, remaining with him until he was 17 years old ; they then engaged in business in partnership in Braidwood, and, on attaining his majority, he purchased the interest of his brother and continued the business alone until his election as County Treasurer in November, 1877 ; he is the youngest Treasurer Will Co. has ever had, and probably the youngest man ever elected to that office in this country. J. C. DILLMAN, proprietor of the Mansion House, Joliet ; was born in Sum- mit Co., Ohio, Sept. 7, 1824; his early years were passed upon the farm, his father and grandfather being farmers ; in the fall of 1849, he came to Will Co., his father, Michael Dillman. having come with the other members of the family the spring before ; the family settled in IMainfield, where the father died in 1861, leaving ten children, five of whom now live in Will Co. ; Mr. Dillman followed farming until 1871, when he removed to Joliet; in 1875, he became proprietor of the Mansion House, where the traveler is always sure of courteous treatment and good accommoda- tions, at a reasonable price ; being a strictly temperance house, it is a desirable family hotel. Mr. Dillman was married Feb. 19, 1846, to Miss Sarah A. Steese, of Summit Co., Ohio, and has five children living — Lavina C, Amanda J., Michael S., Edward L. and Charles S. ; one daughter, Alice J.y died Feb. 12, 1861. JOLIET TOAVNSHIP. 675 WILLIAM DAVIDSON, Jolict; born in county of Cunjberland, England, Oct. 28, 1851, where he lived until 22 years of age, when ho came to America ; he first located in Connecticut, and i'mm there to Kankakee, 111., in 1850, where he resided four years ; then to Joliet in 1854, where he enpigod in the quarry business, which he has continued to the present time ; he owns what is known as Davidson's Quarry, located one mile southwest of Joliet, on the C, R. I. & P. R. R. WILLIAM DOUGALL, M. D., phy- sician aud surgeon, Joliet ; was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, March 1, 1842; his father, John Dougall, was a leading cotton-sjiinner in the west of Scot- land, and, in 1858, came with his family to this country, settling near New Haven, Ind., where he died in 1874 at the age of 75 years; his mother was Margaret Hous- toun, a descendant of the ancient Ren- frewshire family of that name ; she was born in the town of Houstoun, Renfrew- shire, and still survives; the son, William, was educated in the high school of Glas- gow. On the breaking-out of the rebell- ion, he enlisted in Co. C, 15th Ind. V. I., June 1, 1861, and participated in all the engagements of his regiment until Oct. 1, 1863, being severely wounded at the battle of Stone River ; on the above-mentioned date he was commissioned Captain in the 13th U. S. Colored Regiment, and served as such until April, 1865, when the war, having closed, he resigned, and, returning home, resumed the study of medicine ; he attended a course of medical lectures in the University of Michigan, and afterward in the Chicago Medicd College, from which institution he gi'aduatcd, and received his degree March 4, 18GS, and soon afterward began practice in Lemont, Cook Co., 111. ; in 1872, he located in Joliet, where he is now engaged in the practice of his profes- sion. He was married Oct. 1, 1872, to Miss Cassie Widker, daughter of Edwin Walker, of Lemont, and has one child — Mamie C. Dr. Dougall is a member of the Will County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association, and was Secretary of the former two years. GEORGE RANDOLPH DYER, re- tired; Joliet; was born in Rutland Co., Vt., June 13, 1813 ; his father, Daniel 'yer, had a State reputation as a sheep- raiser and substantial farmer; he was a soldier of the Revolutionary war ; after the close of the war he was commis- sioned Major in the iMii.«-sachusetts State Militia, and his commission, signed by Gov. John Hancock himself, is now in the possession of his son George R. ; the ven- erable and well-known Dr. Charles V. Dyer, of Chicago, was his Inother ; his mother was a Miss Olin, of the popular Vermont family of that name. Capt. Dyer received an academic education in West Rutland, Academy, and at the age of 21, started West, and drove from Claren- don, Vt., to Chicago, 111., alone ; he resided in Chicago and Milwaukee till 1841 ; dur- ing this time, he helped organize the Terri- tory of Wisconsin ; in 1838, he assisted in surveying the Fox River, with a' view to use the same as a feeder for the Illinois Canal ; in 1841, lie came to Will Co. and engaged in farming and stock-raising; in his early life in Will Co. he was noted far and wide for his remarkable energy and success in life; in 185(5, he was elected Sheriif of the county, and after his term of office expired he returned to his farm, where he resided till the breaking-out of the war in 1861 ; when the first gan was fired, true to the blood of his patriotic ancestors, he, with his two sons, went into the war for the Union ; his oldest son was commissioned Captain when but 17, and served through many a well-fought battle ; he died Nov. 13, 18G3, from disease con- tracted in the Southern swamps. During the last thirty-five years Will Co. has known Capt. Dyer as a citizen of note, not a little eccentric, witty, jolly as acompanion, and satirical in the reproving of that which had not sense to recommend it. As a defender of the rights of man, he has always been distinguished, aud he consid- ered it no disgrace to be called an Aboli- tionist ; he joined hands with them in bring- ing this country to be what it is to-day. In bold activity and uncomjiromisiug devotion, Capt. George R. Dyer was the undisputed pioneer in Will Co. of that enthusiastic movement, as it was called by his friends, and fanatical movement, as it was called by his enemies, which ultimately stnick the shackles from the American slave. He was married Jan. 8, 1841, to Miss Eliza- beth H. Kimball, of Elgin, a lady of fine natural endowments and graceful manners, 676 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES whose excellent sense, fine culture and domestic accomplishments eminently fitted her for a helpmate for a young man with a full head and an empty pocket; the matured woman has more than fulfilled the fair promise of the young bridj ; six chil- dren have been born to them, four of whom still survive — Belle E,., Daniel B., Lizzie L. and Ida May (now Mrs. A. A. Whiting). George D. died in 1863, and Susie Olin (Mrs. R. Schermerhorn) died in 1872. D. G. EDGERLY, agent M. C. R. R. Joliet Cut-Off, Joliet ; was born in Perry, Genesee (now Wyoming Co.), N". Y., in 1831. At the early age of 5 years, he lost his father, a prominent merchant of the town. His mother subsequently married a wealthy farmer, and his life, to about the age of 16, was spent upon his stepfather's farm. On leaving home, he spent one year in a dry goods store in Warsaw ; he next went to Buffalo, and was employed as check clerk in the firm of Kimberly, Pease & Co. (late Pease & Beech- er), forwarders of general merchandise. This firm owned and operated lines on the lakes and Erie Canal. The formation of the American Transportation Co., in 1855, absorbed all the small offices and companies, and he next located at Dunkirk, N. Y., in the employ of the N. Y. & Erie R. R., under S. D. Caldwell, now chief man- ager of the Red Line ; he served eight years as check clerk ; from Dunkirk he returned to Buffalo and was appointed assistant agent ; here he remained ten years. In January, 1873, he was placed in charge of the 33d station, New York City ; this position he held two years. In 1876, he engaged in business in Buffalo, but only continued a short time. In January, 1877, he came to his present position at Joliet. His fine business qualifications have won for him positions of honor and trust, that do not usually fall to men so early in life. WILLIAM EVANS, foreman roll- turning department, Joliet ; was born in England June 20, 181:1 ; his family emi- grated to America in 1846, and settled in Penn.sylvania ; here his father engaged in iron-mining, and in the mining districts \Villiam passed his youth and early man- hood ; in 1862, he went to his trade in Dan- ville, Penn., working five years under the instruction of Charles D. Hunt; in 1870, he came to Chicago, and was employed in the roll-turning department in the North Chicago RoUing-Mills ; here he remained one year ; in June, 1871 , he came to Joliet, and entered the employ of the Joliet Iron and Steel Co. ; here he has since resided, excepting a residence of about six months in Springfield in 1873, when these works shut down. He was married in December, 1864. to Mary E. Propst, a native of Penn- sylvania ; has one child living — William D. ; three died — Phillip D., and two in infancy. GEORGE ERHARD, Joliet, whose portrait appears in this work, was born. May 7, 1807, in the town of Middlestray, Province of Mih'ickstuart, Lower Frank, Wurtzberg, kingdom of Bavaria ; he emigrated to America in June, 1832, with his mother and two sisters, and first went "to Detroit, Mich., where in August of same year his mother died of cholera ; in October, 1833, he moved to Chicago, and April 26, 1836, came to Joliet with his brother-in-law, John Belz. In 1838, they returned to Chicago, and married two sis- ters, Louisa and Veronica Periolet ; Lou- isa, the wife of Mr. Erhard, was born in the town of Highfelt, in Alsace, near Strasbourg, in France ; she emigrated to Chicago, with her two brothers and sister, in 1834. Mr. Erhard returned to Joliet, and having formed a copartnership with John Belz, built a large brewery on Bluff street. West Side, Joliet, being very suc- cessful until the depreciation of wildcat money caused them to close their business. He had nine children, five living — George C, born Nov. 22, 1838, now carrying on an agricultural and seed store in Joliet ; Emily, born Nov. 11, 1842, wife of J. C. Adler, of Joliet ; Joseph, now farming in Troy Tp., Will Co. ; Louisa and Lawrence ; his four younger children are dead, and are buried in the West Side German bury- in";-";round, in Joliet. He and his brother- in-law, John Belz, were the first German settlers in this county, and George C, the eldest son of Mr. Erhard, was the first German male child born in Will Co. COL. JOHN B. FITHIAN, of the firm of Fithian & Avery, attorneys at law, Joliet ; was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., Oct. 26, 1849 ; he is a son of Dr. William E. Fithian, a physician and Presbyterian JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 677 clergyman ; in 1857, the f'amil}' removed to Iowa and resided in different parts of the State until 1862, when his father took charge of the Sanitary Department at Helena, Ark., and afterward was appointed Medical Inspector of the Department of the Tennessee ; during that time John B. was Chief Clerk at Helena, and in 18Go, re- poited to the Sanitary Department at Vieks- burg, and was present during the siege of that place ; after the war, he came to Illi- nois and followed the newspaper business at various points until 1873 ; he then came to Joliet, and was employed in various ca- pacities in the Illinois State Penetentiary until the spring of 1876 ; in the mean time he had been improving his spare time in studying law in the oflSces of Munn & Munn, and C. B. Garnsey, Esq., of Joliet ; he was admitted to practice in September, 1876, and in September, 1877, formed a partnership with E. D. Avery, which still continues. He was one of the organizers of the Citizens' Corps, and on the organiza- tion of the lOtli Battalion I. N. Gr., was appointed Adjutant under Lt. Col. Parsons; in July, 1877, he resigned, but on the breaking-out of the Braid wood disturbances, he enlisted as a private, and served during the riot; on the organization of the 12th Battalion, Oct. 15, 1877, he was elected 3Iajor, and on the 9tli of February, 1878, was promoted to the rank of Leiut. Colonel, which position he still holds. He was mar- ried Jan. 18, 1878, to Miss Edna E. Whittaker, of Carlinville, 111. JOHN J. FLACK (deceased), formerly of Joliet, whose portrait appears in this work, was born on May 10, 1799, in Washinsrton Co., N. Y. He married Dec. 24, 1818, Sliss Elizabeth Nelson, who was born in same county Dec. 15, 1799. In 1819, he moved from Washington Co. to Essex Co., N. Y., and was largely engaged in farming and the manufacture of lumber and iron, also a large dealer in horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. He was also for many years an officer of the court. Mr. Flack having in the year 1844, purchased large tracts of land in the State of Illinois, moved his family to Joliet in 1845, and became very largely engaged in farming and stock-raising ; he also was interested in property, both in Chicago and Joliet. He was an officer of the court in Will Co., and Joliet also, for many years. He died Sept. 25, 1876, aged 80 years, 5 months and 1 5 days ; his widow still sur- vives him, a good wife and mother, and a lady beloved by all. They had eight chil- dren, all born in Essex Co., N. Y. — Jane A., born Sept. 8, 1819; W. Nelson, Jan. 1, 1821 ; J. Alexander, Aug. 4, 1823 ;. Mortimer A., May 25, 1825 ; Maria A., May 15, 1827; WHialon J., Nov. 23, 1829; Washington J., Sept. 19, 1832, and Martha J., born July 6, 1839. 0. FOX, dealer in clothing, hats, caps and gents furnishing goods, Joliet ; has been a citizen of Will Co. for the past twenty-three years ; he was born in Stan- stead, Province of Quebec, Aug. 21, 1828 ; when he was about 15 years of age, he left home, and going to Boston, Mass., engaged as clerk in a mercantile house ; about six years later he w'ent to New York City, where he remained the same length of time ; he came W^est in 1855, locating in Joliet, where he has been in business ever since ; first in the book and stationery business for some nine years ; then five years as a con- tractor, employing the convict labor in the Penitentiary in the manufacturer of cigars ; in 1868, he engaged in his present business. He keeps a full supply of goods in his line at prices to suit the times ; in addition to this business, he has for the past three years carried on a Penitentiary contract in manufacturing cigars. He was married June 16, 1858, to Miss Anna J. White, of Brooklyn,- N. Y., and has four children living — Jennie A., Jessie B., AlHe A. and Mamie J. Mr. Fox resides in a beautiful residence, one of the finest in Joliet, located on the bluffs overlooking the city. This was erected by him in 1874, and is an ornament to the city and a credit to its builder. VALENTINE FAHRNER, M. D.. physician, Joliet ; was born in Marienbad, a watering-place of Bohemia, Dec. 9, 1808; he was educated at the Gymnasium of I]gra. after which he pursued his pro- fessional studies at the University of Prague, where he graduated and received the degree of M. D. in 1833. He began practice in his native town, where he continued until 1854 ; he then came to this country, and located in Chicago; in 1868, he returned to Bohemia, remaining one year, and on coming again to the United States, spent two years in Mokena, 111., coming to Joliet in 1871. He was married in 1842, to 678 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Miss Maria Auna Taubcr, of Tescbau, Bohemia ; she died 'May 28, 1873, leaving two children — John and Anna Catherine (now Mrs. Henry Lehncr, of Troy Town- ship. John Fahrner, son of the above, was born in Marienbad, Bohemia, Feb, 11, 1854, and came with his father's family to this country, and has continued with them ever since. He received his preparatory education in the school of the Benedictine Fathers in Chicago, after which he attended medical lectures in the University of Prague in Bohemia, and has since continued his professional studies under the instruc- tion of his father, with whom he is asso- ciated in practice. JOSEPH FRIEDRICH, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Biul, Weisserberg, near Strasbourg, Alsace, April 25, 1820 ; he was raised to the bus- iness of stock-raising and farming, and in 184U, came to the United States ; he spent about three months at work near Buffalo, N. Y.; going from there to Chicago, and shortly afterward coming to Joliet ; he worked for awhile on the dam at this place, and in the spring following went to Lock- port, and was employed for about five months on the Canal; thence, in the fall, to Chicago. The following summer, he located in Naperville, 111., and resided there till he settled in Joliet in May, 18-17, except a short time spent in the South ; in the spring of 1848, he purchased his present farm adjoining the city, where he owns seventy-six acres of land. He was married Fob. 17, 1845, to Miss Sarah Weis, a native of Germany and has eight children — Joseph E., now in business in Joliet, Charles, Oswell J., Frank E., William, Sarah, Josephine and Annie. W. D. FAY, photograph artist, Joliet ; was born in Northampton Co., Penn., May 23, 1827 ; he entered upon the business of photographing at the age of 20 years, previously to which he had followed the trade of a tailor ; he continued the photo- graph business in his native State until I8(j0, when he removed to Joliet, where he has resided to the present time ; he is the oldest photographer in Joliet, and one of the oldest in the State. He held the office of Street Commissioner one year, and in 1869, was elected City Treasurer, holding the office two years ; he is at present Township School Treasurer, to which he was elected in June, 1877. He was married in 1858, to Miss Catharine R. Waldron, of Harford, Penn., and has two children — Alpha A. and Winnifred W. JAMES H. FERRTSS, P. 0. Joliet; of Nelson, Ferriss & Co., proprietors of the Joliet Morning News ; was born near Oswego, Kendall Co., 111. He is a son of Wm. H. Ferriss, formerly of Clinton Co., N. Y. His mother was Eliza M. Brown, formerly of Erie Co., Penn. The subject of this sketch became a resident of Bristol Station, 111., where he received a common school education ; at the age of 1 U years he entered a store — half saloon and half grocery — and tended bar till he was 14 years of age, when he was seized with a spiritual, or no-spirit-at-all turn, and joined the Good Templars. He afterward attended a commercial college, run a butcher- shop, lived three years as a Kansas squatter, followed the live-stock trade, and was one of the proprietors of the Yorkville News during the Peter Cooper campaign. He also reported for the Joliet Sun, in an obscure capacity, in 1874, and with three others launched the Phoenix newspaper enterprise, in Will Co., on Jan. 1, 1877. In October, the same year, he, with his present associates, purchased the Morninr/ News, and since then has pursued a steady and consistent course. During all his eventful career, he has never been mar- ried, had any bones broken, or had his life insured, but lives on in hopefulness, etc. JAMES R. FLANDERS, attorney at law, firm of Hagar & Flanders, Joliet; was born Aug. 27, 1846, in Plaiufield, Will Co., III., and is a son of Jason and Lucy Flanders. He attended the public schools of Plainfield, and the Northwestern College, located at Plainfield, until May, 1864, working on a farm during vacations. On the 10th of May, 1864, he enlisted in Company C, 132d I. V. I., serving un- til Oct. 17, 1864. After his discharge from the army, he returned to school, and remained in school until the spring of 1867; he then entered the law office of Randall & Fuller, in Joliet, and read law until Oct. 1867 ; he then taught school in Henry Co., 111., until the spring of 1868 ; read law during the summer, and the following winter, again taught school at the same place. During the summer of 1869, he JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 679 aaed in the manufacture of shoes; he emigrated West and to Joliet in 1876, where he has continued to work at the shoe business until the present time ; has been foreman of the treeing, packing and shipping department since March, 1877. He married Aug. 2, 1877, to Miss Allie Vanderhofi', daughter of Levi VanderhoiF, of Joliet ; they are the par- ents of one daughter, born Sept. 18, 1878. JOHN GREEN, superintendent of the shoe department at the Illinois State Prison, Joliet; born in London, Eng., Dec. 27, ; educated at the Clifton boarding- school, Northamptonshire ; served two years as assistant commercial traveler in London and vicinity; in 1844, came to Brooklyn, N. Y., and learned the shoe business in all its details ; he theo visited PJngland, and, upon returning, traveled through the Eastern States, and worked in some of the Eastern factories. In 1852, he married Miss Margaret Ann 'Granger, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and traveled one year through the Eastern States as salesman, returning then to the shoe manufacture as foreman of a fashionable custom business ; then traveled again three years as salesman, when he again returned to factory life, first as cutter, then as foreman and super- intendent, in which capacity he is now en- gaged, and has been for the past twenty years. His first wife died in 1870, leaving five children — Albert H. (now foreman in the shoe department, who married Miss Allie Vanderhoff, of Joliet, and has one daughter — Carrie H., now Mrs. William Henderson, of Brooklyn, N. Y.), Ida E., William and John (who died in 1871). In 1872, Mr. G. married Miss Harriet A. Bazin, daughter of John H. Bazin, Esq., . and removed to Joliet in 1874 with his family, excepting Carrie. The factory under his direction was the first ever started to make exclusively fine shoes with convict labor. Mr. Green has been a fre- quent contributor to the shoe trade journals of the country for many years, in 1872, furnishing one liundred and eighty col- umns, many of the articles being repub- , lished in the trade journals of England,. France and Germany. ALEXANDER GROSS, general super- intendent of the stone-cutting department Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet ; born in Baden, Germany, Jan. 26, 1834, where he lived until 20 years of age, learning and working at the trade of stone-cutting in his father's quarries ; he emigrated to America in 1854, landing in New York July 26, and came to Chicago the follow- ing September, engaging at his trade for two months, when he went to Macon Co. and worked at farming for four months; returning to Chicago, he again engaged at his trade until the panic of 1857, when he came to Joliet, and after working one year as foreman of the stone cutting de- partment of the Illinois State Penitentiary, he was appointed general superintendent, in 1858, which position he has filled with credit since that date, a period of twenty years. Mr. Gross married in February, 1868, Margaret Yebel ; she was born in Prussia; they are the parents of five children, three living, viz., Laura, Theo- dore, Rosetta ; the deceased are Albert and Amelia. JOHN GREENWOOD, farmer, Sec. 25; P. 0. Joliet; born in Herefordshire, England, Sept. 29, 1813; came to this country when 18 years of age, living in New York State eight years, following farming ; removed to Will Co., 111., in 1840, where he has continued the occupa- tion of farming ; he owns 240 acres of land, worth $60 per acre. Married Mary Ann Brown, of New York State, June 1, 1836 ; they had thirteen children by this union — George, born Aug 5, 1838; Mary, May 11,1840; John W., June 27, 1842, deceased ; Harvey B., Dec. 26,1844, deceased; William, Nov. 27, 1846 ; Jane, April 11, 1848, deceased; Llewellyn, November, 1850, deceased; Bennett, Oct. 23, 1852, deceased; Sarah, April 11, 1854, deceased; John Fletcher, Sept. 2, 1856, deceased ; and three children who died in infancy. Mrs. Greenwood died Aug. 27, 1874. Mr. Greenwood mar- ried for his second wife Sarah A. Houston on Jan. 23, 1875 ; she was born in Huron Co., Ohio; they have one child by this un- ion — Charles Albert, born Ajn'il 7, 1877. Mr. Greenwood ha.s held the office of School Director for more than twenty years. JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 681 FRANK HAVILAND, proprietor of livery, saK' ami boanliiii:- stalile, Joliet ; was born in Ithaca, Tompkins Co., N. Y., March 15, 1842. Early in 1862, he en- listed in the lODth N. Y. Vols., and was appointed a Sergeant in Company A ; he served in the Army of the Potomac, and participated in all the engagements of that army until the battle of Petersburg, where he was wounded June 17, 1804; he received three wounds, one in the left hand, by a fragment of a shell, Avhich car- ried away one of his lingers, and at thesame time two wounds in the right leg ; on his re- covery, ho was sent on detached duty to An- napolis, Md., where he remained till his discharge in August, 1865, just previous to which he received au unsolicited and unexpected commission as First Lieuten- ant. He came to Joliet in the fall of 1865, and the next spring engaged in his present business ; he has served one year as City Marshal and one term as a member of the Board of Aldermen of Joliet. He was married Dec. 3, 1874, to Miss Merrion Millar, of the town of Troy, Will Co., 111. H. HENRY HAYEN, blacksmith, Joliet; born in Germany in 1845, where he lived until 21 years of age,, where he learned and worked at the trade of black- smith until he emigrated to America, landing in New York. Oct. 20, 1866; came directly to Joliet, Will Co., 111., and engaged in blacksmithing, wagon- making and general repairing, and manufacturing all kinds of stone- cutters' and marble-workers'tools, which business he has since successfully followed. He was married July 16, 1872, and has two children now living, viz., Francis and Mary. Mr. Hayen owns his place of busi- ness and residence located at No. 91 Bluff ^treet, which he has made by his own hard labor. ■ EDWARD C. HAGAR, attorney at law ( firm of Hagar & Flanders), Joliet ; was born in Plainfield, Will Co., 111., April , 19, 1846 ; he is the son of Jonathan and Catharine (Goodhue) Hagar ; his father came from Cleveland, Ohio, and settled in Plainfield in 1835 ; he was the first merchant in that town ; his mother is a daughter of Deacon Ezra Goodhue, and came to Plainfield with her fathers's fam- ily in 1834. Mr. Hagar was educated at , the Northwestern Evangelical College in his native town, graduating: in 1867; in 1870; he entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan, completing his course and graduating in the spring of 1872 ; he was admitted to the bar in Michigan in April, 1872, and by the Supreme Court of Illinois in June of the same year. In November, 1872, he was elected State's Attorney, and in December following, he formed a law partnership with James K. Flanders, which still con- tinues ; he held the oflace of State's At- torney four years. He was married March 24, 1875, to Miss Hattie C. Gager, a native of Warren, Ohio, and has one child — Elmer G. H. HOWK, retired merchant and miller, Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Feb. 23, 1806 ; in his early life he engaged ex- tensively in lumbering in his native State; in 1851, he came west, and located in Jol- iet, and in connection with Joel A. Matte- son, afterward Governor of the State, took a contract on the R. I. & P. R. R., extend- ing from Blue Island to within ten miles of Joliet; they graded and put in the culverts a distance of thirty-four miles. His son subsequently built a store-room on the West Side, near the lock, and engaged in supplying boats on the Canal. Mr. Howk built the Joliet Mills, on the lock, with six runs of stone, and in company with Mr. Hyde, his nephew, and now sole proprietor, operated them seven years ; he contracted all the machinery in Watertown, N. Y. ; since retiring from the mill, he has not been actively engaged in business pursuits, but is leading a (|uiet, retired life, enjoying the fruits of honest toil and the compe- tency gained by a well-directed and well- spent early manhood. H. D. HIGINBOTHAM,deceased,for- merly of Joliet, whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Worcester, Otsego Co., N. Y"^., Jan. 10,1806; he was brought up upon a farm, and had such advantages of educa- tion as were offered at the district school of his neighborhood ; his flxther's ancestors were English, and settled in Barbadoes in the early settlement of the American Col- onies ; his gi'andfather lived in Rhode Island, and married a .>Iiss Lippit, of Providence ; he followed the sea for some time, as captain of a whaler from Newport ;. 682 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ; Charles Higinbotham, the father of H. D., was born in Rhode Island, and came to Ot- sego Co., N. Y., with his parents, about the year 1800 ; he married Miss Gertrude Du- mont, of Westford, N. Y. ; from this mar- riage the subject of this sketch was born, and in 1881 , married Miss RebeccaWheeler, of Westford, N. Y. ; she was born in Ca- naan, Columbia Co., N. Y. ; soon after their marriage they moved to Oneida, N. Y. ; there he engaged in the blacksmith business, and in June, 1834, moved to Illinois, and settled on Hickory Creek, in the now town of Joliet, and purchased a farm of 160 acres; here he engaged in farming and blacksmithing, and was very successful in his business; in 1854, and for some time after, he was engasred in a saw-mill and planing-mill, at what is now called the Red Mills of Hickory Creek. Here on Hickory Creek all their children were born, except Albert H., the eldest, who was born in New Lenox, Madison Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 1831; Ambrosia R. was born Oct. I, 1834; Ann Eliza, Dec. 2, 1836 ; Harlow N., Oct. 10, 1838 ; Gertrude D., July 6, 1842 ; Mary Ellen, Sept. 27. 1845, and Charles S., Dec. 24, 1848. Of these, Albert H. married Elizabeth Ella White, of Chicago, and are now living in Joliet; Ambrosia R. married M.O.Cagwin, of JoUet ; Ann Eliza married M. G. Dem- mond, of Joliet ; Harlow N. married Rachael Davidson, of Joliet ; he is in the mercantile house of Field, Leiter & Co., Chicago; Gertrude D. married Thomas Leddy, of Joliet, both deceased ; Mary Ellen married R. C. Darwin, of Joliet ; she is now de- ceased ; Charles S. married Cynthia L. Kemp, of New Lenox, now residing in Kansas. H. D. Higinbotham and family moved to Joliet in the fall of 1854 ; he built a fine residence on Cass St., where he resided until his death ; with his energy and perseverance, he aided very much in making the city of Joliet what it is to-day. He held several prominent offices under the city government. He died March 13, 1865, leaving a widow and children and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. His widow, Rebecca Higinbotham, in 1871, married C. H. Sutphen, a prominent citi- zen of La Salle Co., 111., and a cousin of the late H. D. Higinbotham ; Mr. and Mrs. Sutphen now reside at the old Hig- inbotham homestead, on Cass St., Joliet. GEORGE HOUCK, of the firm of Houck & Brown, tanners and curriers, wholesale and retail dealers in sole-leather and shoe findings, etc., Joliet ; was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, Dec. 13, 1827 ; when he was about 12 years of age, his parents came to this country, and pur- chased a farm in Erie Co., N. Y. ; Mr. Houck remained on the farm until 1846, when he went to Buffalo, and entered the employ of ex-President Millard Fillmore, where he continued one year ; he then served three years at the tanner and cur- rier's trade, learning thoroughly every branch of the business ; in 1850, he came to Chicago, living there until 1853, when he came to Joliet, and entered the employ of Mack & Cleghorn ; in 1863 the firm of Mack, Cleghorn & Co. was formed, Mr. Houck becoming partner ; the same year, they built the Joliet Tannery ; the present firm of Houck & Brown was formed in 1876; they give employment to twenty men. Mr. Houck was married in 1853, to Miss Anna Hohman, of Chicago, a native of Hess Cassel, Germany ; they have three children living — Mary, now Mrs. William Grassley, of Chicago ; Lizzie, wife of Fred- erick Steinburn, of Joliet, and Annie S. HON.. HUGH HENDERSON, Joliet; deceased ; was born on the 9th day of June, 1809, in Norway, Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; he received his education at Fair- field Seminary, in his native county ; after which he read law in the office of George Feeter, Esq., a prominent lawyer of Little Falls, Herkimer Co.; in 1836, he came to Joliet, and shortly after his arrival was admitted to the bar, and at once took high rank among the members of the legal pro- fession. He was married Dec. 23, 1837, to Miss Helen A. Myers of Herkimer Co., who came to Joliet in the fall of 1836, and who still survives him, living in the same house which he built in 1838. In 1837, he was elected County Judge, hold- ing the office one year ; he was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1845 ; in 1849, he was elected Judge of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit, and held the office until his death, which occurred on the 19th of October, 1854, while on his first visit to his old home in Norway, N. Y. We quote the following from the re- marks of the late Hon. Uri Osgood, on the occasion of presenting to the Circuit JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 683 Court, the proceedings of the Will County Bar, upon the death of Judge Henderson : '■ By his knowledge of the law, his un- remitting attention to the duties of his i office, his urbanit3^ his sterling integrity, and accommodating business habits, he acquired the affections and respect of the i members of the bar, and the people of the circuit ; he had attained a high position as a lawyer and a judge ; he was firm but courteous, honorable and irreproachable in morals, and in all the relations of private life ; he was respected and honored, and highly esteemed as a useful member of society." He left four children — Sarah Margaret, who was born Oct. 21, 1839, and is now the wife of Capt. John A. Kelly, of Lyons, Mich. ; Daniel C, who was born May 31, 1845, learned the print- er's trade in Joliet, and in 1866, went to Chicago, and entered the employ of Hoi'- ton & Leonard ; in 1870, he returned to i Joliet, and in 1871, established the Joliet Record, a Democratic weekly newspaper, which has steadily increased in circulation and influence, and has a circulation of 850 copies; James E., the second son, was born May 23, 1848, learned the printing busi- ness, and is now associated with his brothers on the Record; John D., the youngest son, was born Oct. 16, 1851, en- tered the telegraph office of the C, A. & St. L. R. R. Co., about ten years ago, re- ' maining until some five years ago, at which time he joined his brothers in the ; publication of the Record. I DR. M. F. HAND, dental surgeon; Joliet ; has been a practicing dentist in this city for the past twenty-two years ; he was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., May 5, 1834 ; he received an academic education, and at about the age of 18 years, began the study of dentistry ; in 1856, he came to Joliet, and began the practice of his profession. In 1862, he enlisted in Co. H, 100th 111. Vols., serving in the army of the Cumber- land, and afterward in the Quartermaster's Department of the Army of the Tennessee, under Capt. Alexander McInto.sh, of this city ; returning in July, 1865, he resumed practice in Joliet. He was married Jan. 14, 1874, to Miss Harriet E. Speer, of Joliet. P. C. HALEY (of the firm of Haley & O'Donnell), attorney at law, Joliet; was born in Saranac, Clinton Co., N. Y., March 17, 1849, and came to this county with his parents in 1852 ; he was educated in the Joliet Union School and the Uni- versity of Notre Dame, Ind., reading law during vacations in the office of T. L. Breckenridge, of this (;ity ; in 1870, he entered the law department of the Univer- sity of Michigan, Ann Arboi-, Mich., where he graduated in 1871 ; he was admitted to Che bar in October, 1871, and began practice in May, 1872, in company with James \\. Flanders, having an office in Joliet and also in Wilnungton ; this part- nership continued until December, 1872, when it was dissolved, and Mr. Haley con- tinued alone until 1874, when the present firm of Haley & O'Donnell was formed. Mr. Haley is at present Alderman from the Fifth Ward, being elected in April, 1878 ; he also served as City Attorney in 1874. He was married Dec. 1, 1875, to Miss Mary A. D'Arcy, of Joliet, and has one child — Margaret C. OTIS HARDY; P. 0. Joliet; one of the early settlers of Will Co. ; was born near Windsor, Vt., Sept. 23, 1810; in 1813, his parents left their Eastern home and made the journey to Marietta, Ohio, descending the Alleghany and Ohio Rivers on rafts; in 1819, they removed to Meigs Co., Ohio; when he was 14 years old, Mr. Hardy was apprenticed to the trade of a carpenter, serving an apprenticeship of six vears, and receivinii- during that time the sum eighteen pence ; he came to Joliet in 1836, making the journey from Cincin- nati on horse-back, previous to which he spent about four years in Louisiana ; he continued the carpenter's trade until 1848, when he engaged in the lumber business for twenty years, or until 1868, since which time he has been in the banking and gas business ; he is one of the original stockholders of the First National Bank, and a stockholder in the Joliet Gas-Light Co. since 1862; he has always been an active temperance man, and for the past two years has been President of the Joliet Reform Club ; he is a zealous member of the M. E. Church, to which he has be- longed since he was 22 years of age, assisting liberally in the support of ail its enterprises; he built, at his own expense, the Richards Street M. E. Church and parsonage at a co.st of over S5,000 ; he also bore about half the expense of build- 684 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : ing the chapel at the Rolling-Mills, which cost some §2,000, besides contributing hirgely to the building and support of the Ottawa Street Church ; he has been a member of the Quarterly Conference since 1837, and President of the Will County Bible Society for the past forty years. He was married Oct. 14, 1838, to Miss An gelia Hopkin.s, of Joliet, a native of Ver- mont ; they have three children living — Mrs. W. J. Maclay, of Napa City, Cal., Mrs. N. D. Dyer, and Mrs. T. H. Mc- Bride, of Joliet. GEORGE S. HOUSE, attorney at law, Joliet; is a native of this State; he was born in Grundy Co., then a part of Cook Co., March 1, 1837 ; he is a son of Rod- ney House, one of the early settlers of Will Co., and now a resident of Joliet ; he came with his parents to Joliet in infancy, and this city has been his home ever since ; he prepared for college in Utica Academy, Oneida Co., N. Y., after which he entered Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in 1856, graduating in 1860 ; he then pursued the study of law under Prof. Theodore W. Dwight, now of Columbia College, New York, receiving the degree of B. L in 1862 ; returning to Joliet, he entered upon the practice of his profession, in which he still continues. He was mar- ried in 1863 to Miss Virginia A. Osgood, daughter of the late Hon. Uri Osgood, of Joliet, and has five children. JOHN HULSWORTH, foreman of the smith-shops, Joliet ; was born March 2, 1822, in Yorkshire, Eng. ; he emi- grated to America in 1847, and first labored in Philadelphia and New York about one year ; he next went to Rich- mond, Va., and remained a short time; he then made a tour through the Southern States, visiting New Orleans, Memphis, and various other cities South and West, finally locating in St. Louis in the latter part of 1849 ; here he remained till 1853 ; he then came to Alton, on the C, A. & St. L. R. R., where he was foreman most of the time in the shops till August, 1859; he then came to Joliet, and was eight years foreman in the shops of the State Prison; he was next foreman for the Dillman Manufacturing Company four years; in 1871, he took the position of foreman in the shops of the Joliet Iron and Steel Works, which he still holds. He was married in 1854 to Caroline P. Bryant, a native of Connecticut ; had one son — John H., deceased, and one, Edwin A., livins. C. B.^HAY WARD, publisher and pro- prietor of the Joliet Dally and Weekly Sun, Joliet; was born in Fairfield, Frank- lin County, Ind., July 1, 1844; at the age of ten years he entered the office of the Locomotive, in Indianapolis, completing his trade with Cameron & McNeely, book and job printers. In 1860, he went to Carthage, Mo., where, with his brother, he engaged in publishing The Sovth- icest. On the breaking-out of the war, their office was captured by the rebels, and taken into Arkansas. Mr. Hayward made his way to Fort Scott, Kansas, and pur- chased the Fort Scott Bulletin, and a year and a half later took a partner and founded the Fort Scott Union Monitor, now one of the leading papers of Kansas, which he continued to publish about a year and a half. In the mean time, he was appointed U. S. Assessor, for that division, and served about a year and a half. He then came to Marseilles, 111., where he re- sided one year, and from that place to Joliet, and had charge of the Joliet Re- pxiblican office about a year and three months. In 1872, he established the Joliet Sun. He has built up an extensive job-printing business, and a large and healthy circulation among the best people of the county. The Daily Sun is the oldest and largest daily published in the Seventh Congressional District. Mr. Hayward was married in April, 1872, to Miss Mary E. Monroe, daughter of George Monroe, of Joliet, and has th)'ee children — Josephine, George E. and Thomas. MRS. HANNAH IIUTCHINS, farm- er ; P. 0. Joliet ; the widow of Wm. H. Hutchins, resides one mile north of Joliet; she was born Aug. 28, 1817, in Saratoga Co., N. Y. ; she was married to W. H. Hutchins in 1837, in New York State. Mr. Hutchins was born in New York City, Sept. 1, 1817, where he lived until 15 years of age, when he removed to Northern New York, where he lived three years ; then to Saratoga, where he was married, living there nearly five years ; thence to New York City, living there five years. He removed to Will Co., JOIJET TOWNSnir mF> 111., in 1847, and always lived within four miles of tlunr present home. In early life, Mr. Hutchins was engaged in mer- cantile husinoss, after coming West, he was engaged in loaning money and dealing in real estate. They had seven children by this union, viz. ; Thomas H., Greorge Ed- gar, deceased, Sarah E., deceased ; Anna M., Mary E., Jennie C. and William J. Geo. Edgar died from wounds received in the army. Mr. Hutchins died July 21, 1877. ELVIS HARWOOD, deceased ; Joliet ; whose portrait appears in this wt)rk, was born in Wilmington, Ind., May 17, 1824; where he remained until he was sixteen years of age ; he then commenced the study of law in the office of Alexander C. Downey, at x\urora, Ind., and was admitted to practice Dec. 14, 1843; afier the end of one year, finding this profession unsuited to his tastes, he studied medicine with his brother, John Harwood, M. D , and after attending a course of lectures in the med- ical college of Ohio, in the years 1846-47, practiced for three years at Crete and New Lenox, in this county, and in the year 1850, coming to Joliet, continued the practice of his profession up to 1868, from which time, up to the day of his }leath, Feb. 1, 1870, he was largely engaged in the real estate business. lu 1361,hewent to California, returning from there in the summer of 1862. The same summer, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the 100th Regiment I. V. I., being afterward promoted to Surgeon of the " Pioneer Brigade," which position he held until his resignation, on account of ill health, in the spring of 1863. He was elected Alder- man of the city of Joliet, from 1863-67, and Mayor, 1868-69. He married Miss Helen A. Cagwin (daughter of Abijah Cagwin, of Joliet), Jan. 24, 1850 ; she was born Oct. 30, 1830 ; they had five children, three living — Alma L., William E. and Bertha H. ; and two deceased — Flora A. and George T. J. A. HENRY, retired, Joliet; the above-named gentleman has been a resi- dent of Joliet for the past twenty years; he is a native of Hunterdon Co., N. J., and was born April 25, 1825 ; he began railroading in 1842, on the Hartford & New Haven Railroad, where he remained four years, and then spent four years more on the New Haven & Northampton Rail- road, at the end of which time he came West and engaged in railroad contracting in Ohio and Indiana ; in the year 1858, he came to Joliet and spent several years as roadmaster of the Chicago & Alton R. R., after which he built two branches of the road ; in 1870, he went to Texas and built the Houston & Great Northern Railroad ; at the end of three years, he returned to Joliet and erected his elegant residence on Eastern avenue, the finest in the city. He was married in Winsted, Conn., April 26, 1846, to Miss Nancy Briggs, of Winsted ; she died Jan. 21, 1878, leaving one daughter, wife of Dr. Julius Folk, of Joliet. GEORGE H. HOSMER, M. D., physician and surgeon, Joliet ; is the old- est son of W. H. C. Hosmer, the poet, author and lecturer ; he traces his ancestry to a period prior to the Revolutionary war; at the battle of Concord the first two who fell by a volley of British musketry, were Capt. Davis and Abner Hosmer, the latter of whom was a lineal ancestor of the sub- ject of this sketch ; the Doctor's great- grandfather. Dr. Timothy Hosmer, was surgeon of the Sixth Continental Regi- ment in the war of the Revolution, and afterwards a prominent pioneer in the set- tlement of the Holland Purchase, in Western New York ; his father, George Hosmer, was an aide-de-camp of General Schuyler in the war of 1812 ; a prominent lawyer, member of the State Legislature, and for twenty-one years District Attorney of Livingston Co., N. Y.; Miss Harriet Hosmer, the famous sculptress, is also a cousin. Dr. Hosmer was born in Avon, Livingston Co., N. Y., Aug. 23,1839; he thoroughly prepared for college at the Owego Academy, where he spent nine years ; he then entered the University of New York, remaining two years in the literary department, after which he pur- sued a three-years course in the medical department of the same institution, grad- uating in 1865 ; he practiced medicine one year in Ontario Co., N. Y., removing thence to New Baltimore, Macomb Co., Mich., where he remained until his re- moval to Joliet in 1870. He was married in 1866, to Miss Ann Belford, of Boston, and has one son — George B. Dr. Hosmer is a regular physician, but clings to no 686 BIOGRAPHICA.L SKETCHES: dogma, seizing upon any remedy from whatever source, which will accomplish his object, the relief of the patient and the cure of the disease ; he takes an active interest in educational matters, and is now on his second term as a member of the Board of School Inspectors of Joliet. A. W. HEISE, M. D., physician and ' surgeon, Joliet; one of the oldest and most prominent physicians of Joliet, was born in Bramsche, in the Province of Hanover, Germany, Sept. 4, 1823; he received his literary education at the Gymnasium of Osnabruck, and entered the University of Goettingen, where he pursued his medical course, and graduated in 1846 ; lie then attended a course of j medical lectures in the University of Heidelberg, receiving the ad eundem de- gree of M. D. from that institution, in 1847 ; taking part in the revolution of 1848, he was compelled to leave the coun- try, and accordingly sought a home in America; a general pardon of all those implicated was issued some five years later by the German Government, but Dr. Heise being then so long in this country, and intending to make it his permanent home, did not care to take advantage of it ; the first year in this country he spent in traveling in the Eastern and Southern States, supi^orting himself by correspond- ing with some of the German newspapers ; in 1849 he located in Du Page Co., 111., and continued the practice of medicine there until 1856 ; he then went to New York as House Surgeon in the Marine Hospital on Ward's Island, remaining there until September, 1857, when he came to Joliet, and has been engaged in the practice of his profession here ever since. In 1861, he entered the army as Surgeon of the 11th I. V. L, and the following spring was appointed Surgeon of the 100th I. V. I.; after the battle of Murfreesboro, he was promoted to Brigade Surgeon, and after the battle of Chicka- mauga, was appointed Operator of the Brigade, with the privilege of choosing his own assistants without regard to rank ; owing to illness, he was afterward obliged to retire from active service in the field, and was ap})ointed Inspector of Hospitals and Consulting Surgeon of the Corps ; in 1864, owing to continued ill health, he tendered his resignation, which was finally accepted with a great deal of reluctance ; his ability and skill as an army surgeon were so apparent as to merit and receive recognition and honorable mention in the " Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion;" in 1872, he was appointed Physician in Charge of the Illinois State Penitentiary, in this city, which position he still holds. L. E. INGALLS, real estate and loans, Joliet ; is a native of Will Co. ; he was born in the present town of Du Page Oct. 26, 1839; he is a son of Henry Ingalls, who came from Vermont and settled in that township in 1837, and resided there until 1841, when he removed across the line into Du Page Co., and there lived until his death, which occurred Maivh 10, 1876. He left a family of nine children, all but one of whom are now living. The subject of this sketch remained at home until he was about 15 years old ; then after spending three years in this county, he went to Iowa, and remained four years, going thence to Wisconsin, where he spent two years in the lumber business ; return- ing to Illinois, he continued the same busi- ness in Lemont, Cook Co. ; he came to Joliet in 1870, and followed the lumber business till 1871, when he disposed of his business to Mason & Plants, and since then has been farming and dealing in real estate, etc. He owns a fine I'arm of 260 acres on Sec. 12, well improved with good build- ings where he i-esides, and is engaged quite extensively in stock-raising and dairying. He was married Oct. 27, 1865, to Miss Millie Emmerson, of Door Co., Wis. ; she died March 7, 1868. Mr. Ingalls was married again, on Jan. 14, 1870, to Miss Esther E. Bartholmew, of Marengo, Mc- Henry Co., Ill ; they have four children — Millie R., Roy K., Myra B. H. and Charles L. REV. SOLOMON KNAPP, Joliet; one of the pioneer ministers of Will Co. ; was born in Mayfield, Fulton Co., N. Y., then a part of Montgomery Co., March 29, 1803; he was brought up on a farm, his father being an extensive farmer, and em- ploj'ing a large number of men ; his educa- tion was such as wa.s afforded by the com- mon schools up to the time he began study- ing for th(! ministry and preaching, which was when he was 29 years of age. He was ordained a clergyman of the Baptist JOLIET TOWNSFIIP. 68T Church in February, 1834, previous to which, he originated the Baptist movement in Glovevsville, N. Y.. whieh has since grown to be one of the most iuiportiint Baptist interests in the State. At 31, he removed to Cajuga Co. and took charge of a large cliurch in Cato. During his min- istry of four years, he received 300 new members into the church, 183 of them by baptism ; he afterward spent two years in Port Byron, N. Y., coming to Will Co. in 1840 ; he settled in Homer, and took charge of the liai)tist Church in Joliet, preaching in the afternoon in Lockport, and in Homer in the evening. In 1841, he be- came Pastor of the church known as the Aux Plaines Church, now the Hadley Church, removing in the fall of the same year to Rockford, 111., where he became Pastor of the First Baptist Church ; at the close of the first year, owing to an adverse family affliction, he was obliged to sever his con- nection with the Rockford Church and re- turn to Homer; in 1843, he took charge of the church in Plainfield, remaining two years, during which time he organized the Baptist Church at Lockport, having pastoral charge of both churches; he was afterward againj Pastor of the Hadley Church, and took the preliminary measures for the erec- tion of their house of worship ; in 1854, he removed to Cedar Falls, Iowa, and organized the Baptist Church there, and had charge of the church in Waterloo ; two years later he returned to Homer, broken down in health, and settled on a farm ; he continued farming five years, and then re- moved to the city of Lockport, residing there two years, during which time he preached nine months in Metamora, 111., witnessing a glorious ingathering in the church, and some 875,000 added to the finances of the church ; since then he has had pastoral charge of churches in Seneca, Morris Co., and in Gilman, Iroquois Co., be.sides which, he has si:pplied the churches in the vicinity until his voice failing, he was obliged to discontinue preaching. He was first married in 1823, to Miss Eliza E. Lanfear, of his native town ; she died in Homer in February, 1853, leaving six children. He was married again, in June, 1853, to Miss Martha H. Cook, a native of Hadley, Mass., and who was one of the pioneer teachers of Will Co., having come in 1840; they have one daughter — Florence C. Mr. Knapp unites financial ability with power as a preacher, and although his benefactions have always exceeded any salary he has received, he is still the possessor of a comfortable compe- tence. HENRY C. KNOWLTON, Cashier ..f the Will County National Bank, Joliet ; is a son of Calvin Knowlton, President of the above-named bank ; he was born in Spen- cer, Worcester Co., Mass., April 29,1842 ; he lived in the city of Worcester until he was 12 years of age, his father being en- gaged in business in that city ; at the age of 12 years, he accompanied his parents to New Albany. Ind. ; thence to Michigan City, and in 1856, to Joliet ; he received an English education in the public schools, and in 1861, entered the oflfice of his father, then Assistant Superintendent of the 3Iichi- gan Central Railroad ; he remained there until the organization of the Will County National Bank, which he entered as Assist- ant Cashier ; in 1877, he was elected Cashier. He was married on the 20th of November, 1870, to Miss Sophie Lippen- cott. of Wilkesbarre, Penn., and has one child — Joseph L. JULIUS KRAUSE, watchmaker and jeweler, dealer in watches, clocks, silver- ware, etc., Joliet; was born in Silesia, Prussia, Dec. 2, 1843; he is a son of Julius Krause, who was an inspector and general overseer of the estate of one of the nobility in that country ; when he was about 14 years old, he was apprenticed to learn the watchmaker's trade, and after completing his apprenticeship, he worked at his trade in various places until 1868, when he came to this country, and the same year began business in Joliet. He was married Feb. 14, 1871, to Miss Mar- garita Y^oung, daughter of Henry Young, of Joliet ; she was born in Buffalo, N. Y., June 2, 1852, and came to Joliet with her parents in 1858 ; they have three children — Henry A. G., Julius J. A. and Juaneta J. M. CALVIN KNOWLTON, President of the Will County National Bank, Joliet; was born in Worcester Co., Mass., Jan. 2, 1817 ; in 1842, he went into business for himself in Worcester, where he remained until 1848 ; he then began railroading as train-dispatcher on the Worcester and Nashua Railroad; in 1853, he removed 688 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : to New Albany, Ind., as Superintendent ] of the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad, shortly afterward changing his j residence to Michigan City ; he came to Joliet in 1856, and held the position of Superintendent of the Joliet Division of the Michigan Central Railroad, afterward becoming Assistant Superintendent of the entire road, and continued as such until 1878; in 1871, the Will County National Bank was established, and, during that year, Mr. Knowlton was elected President. He has served two years as Alderman, but , with that exception has avoided public offices of all kinds. He was married in 1838 to Miss Mary C. Warren, also a native of Worcester Co., Mass., and has two sons — Henry C, Cashier of the Will County National Bank, and Edward R., a grain dealer of Joliet. JOHN P. KING, dealer in lumber, etc. (King & Bishop), Joliet ; was born near Terre Haute, Ind., Dec. 18, 1832 ; in 1835, his father, Andrew King, came to Will Co., and opened up a farm near the present city of Joliet, on which he re- sided until his death, which occurred in 1849; he left a family of eleven children, of whom eight are now living in this State, four of them being residents of Joliet. The oldest son was John P., the subject of this sketch ; when he was 19 years of age, he made the journey, via the Isthmus, to California, where he followed mining, farming and staging for twelve years, being for three years one of the proprietors of the stage-line from Yreka to Red Bluffs ; he returned to Joliet in 18G4, and, in 18G6, engaged in the lumber business, which he has continued ever since ; in 1869, W. W. Bishop became a partner, the firm now being King and Bishop. He is at present Alderman from the Seventh Ward, to which he was elected in April, 1877 ; he was elected School Trustee in June, 1877, and still holds the office ; he is a prominent member and Trustee of the Universalist Church. He was married Sept. 12, 1867, to Miss Hannah Leonard, of Joliet, and has three children — Lulu B., ftertie and Harless W. A. F. KNOX, of the firm of Garnsey & Knox, attorneys at law, Joliet; is a native of this State; he was born in Kane Co., on the 12th of January, 1840; on becom- ing of age, he came to Joliet in 1861, and. about four years afterward, began the study of law in the office of Messrs. Goodspeed & Snapp ; he was admitted to the bar in 1867, and began practice in Joliet, form- ing a partnership with i\Iessrs. Goodspeed & Snapp, which continued for several years, the firm being Goodspeed, Snapp & Knox ; the present firm of Garnsey & Knox was formed in 1877. Mr. Knox was appointed Master in Chancery for Will Co. in 1871, holding the office' until 1877. He was married Sept. 2, 1869, to Miss Jennie McGovney, of Joliet^ and has one child. JOHN KEYES, druggist, Joliet ; was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Nov. 27, 1841 ; in May, 1869, he came West, and in July following, located in Lemont, Cook Co., 111., when he entered the employ of B. Van Buren & Co., as clerk in the drug busi- ness ; in October, 1869, he came to Joliet, where he has since resided ; here he first clerked for J. H. Brown & Co., druggists, remaining three years ; in April, 1873, he opened a store for J. M. Brown, having general charge of the business ; June 1, 1874, he formed a copartnership with F. W. Schroeder, which continued three years and two months ; in November, 1877, he started in business for himself. He was married Oct. 21, 1872, to Beulah T. Thornton, a native of Troy Tp., Will Co., 111. ; her father, Cary Thornton, whose portrait appears in the work, is one of the pioneer settlers of Troy Tp., and is the oldest living early settler of that section. Mr. Keyes is thoroughly versed in his pro- fession, and is recognized as a man well qualified in every respect for his business. THOMAS J. KELLY, dry goods; Joliet ; born in Ireland, and emigrated when quite young to America, landing in New York Jan. 8, 1848; on account of ill health he remained with his uncle, the Rev. John Kelly, in Jersey City, for one year, he then came West, locating in Joliet May 11, 1849; he then lived upon his father's farm until 1854, when he entered the College of Notre Dame, South Bend, Ind., remaining here until February, 1856, when, on account of ill health, he went East, remaining with his uncle, Eugene Kelly, in New York City, one year, when he went to St. Mary's College, Wilmington, Del., where he remained two years ; then one year at the College of the Holy Cross, (nEaASED) LOCKPORT ^ JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 691 near Montreal, Canada; lie then retnrnod to Joliet, and remained upon his father's farm until 1^157, when he eno;age.d in the above business, which he has since suceess- full}' followed, bein*;- the oldest continuous dry goods house in Joliot ; during the jjcriod from 1808 to 1876, his junior brother was associated with him ; at the latter date, he purchased his ])rother's interest, since which time he has continued the business alone. He married Sept. 10, 18(58, to Mary, eldest daughter of Patrick Fitz- patrick of Lockiwrt, III. ; her parents were among the very early settlers of Will Co., settling in the county before the formation of Will Co., upward of forty years ago. Mr. Kelly is a nephew of Eu- gene Kelly of New York City, who is to- day the wealthiest Catholic banker in the United States ; lie is also a relative of John ' Kelly the celebrated Tammany sachem, of New York City. FRED. KTESSLING, butcher and stock dealer, Joliet ; born in Bavaria, Ger- many June 13. 1850, where he lived and attended school until 13 years of age, when lie was apprenticed in the butchering busi- ness for three years, which time he served and, after successfully passing his examin- ation, he emigrated to America, landing in New York Oct. 5, 1866 ; coming directly West, he located in Joliet, Will Co., 111., where he has since continued to live ; for ten years he resided on Summer St., West Side, Joliet; being an excellent judge of stock, he has been engaged in buying stock for other parties when not engaged in buying on his own account ; since lo- cating here he has given his exclusive attention to buying and shipping stock in connection with his butchering business, his store and market being located corner Bluff St. and Western ave.. West Side, Joliet. THOMAS KEEGAN, retired mill- wright, Joliet; born in county of West Meath, Ireland, April 11, 1803. where he learned and worked at the millwright trade until 29 years of age, when he immi- grated to Canada, landing at Quebec in 1832; here he engaged upon Government works until the cholera forced him to leave, when he went to Toronto and engaged at his trade for three years ; next, to Roches- ter for three years, then to Rome, Mich., for eighteen months ; from there he went to Chicago, from which ))lace he came by stage to Joliet, where he located his family May 20, 1840, which place he has since made his home; he owns a fine residence on Centre st., which he erected in 1850; Mr. K.'s first work in Joliet was building Jones' steam flour-mill in 1840, being the first mill of the kind in Joliet ; from there he, with John Clarkson, went to ^Marseilles, and built the fir.st flour-mill of that place, then to New Orleans, where he remained until being driven away by the yellow fever, when he came back to Joliet, since which time his .skill and labor have been extensively employed in all the neighboring towns as well as in Janesville and Watertown, Wis. He married May 11, 1835, to Ann O'Brien, born in Ireland in 1807 ; ten children were the fruits of this union, nine of whom are deceased ; Ellen, the one livintr, now lives with her parents. E^R. KNOWLTON, dealer in grain, hard and soft coal and wood, Joliet ; is a son of Calvin Knowlton, President of the Will County National Bank ; he was born in Worcester, Mass., Jan. 23, 1844; at the age of 7 ytars, he accompanied his parents to New Albany, Ind. ; thence shortly afterward to Michigan City, and, in 1856, to Joliet; he attended the public schools of this city. His first business ex- perience was in the hay bu.siness in Matte- .son. Cook Co., HI, where he remained about two years ; he then returned to Wor- cester Co., Mass., and engaged in farming, and after six years, came again to Joliet, since which time he has been in the grain business here. He was married Jan. 11, 1865, to Miss Alice J. Wheeler, of Matte- son, Cook Co., 111., and has one child — Mary L. ALONZO LEACH, retired, Joliet; was born in Sangerfield, Oaeida Co., N. Y., Sept. 28, 1816; when he was 8 years of age, he left his native county, and went to Eaton, Madison Co., N. Y. ; in 1836, he went to Michigan, and in 1838, came to Joliet ; he spent about a year in charge of a hotel, and then engaged in the soap and chandlery business ; in 1842, he was elected Constable, and appointed Deputy Sheriff, and served until 1848, when he was elected Sheriff of Will Co. The constitution not allowing an incumbent of the office to hold two terms in succession, he retired at the end of his term, but was again elected in 4 692 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 1852, and again in 1858 ; in the mean time lie was engaged in farming and stock-rais- ing. On the breaking-out of the war, he was appointed sutk'r of the 4th 111. V. C, under Col. Dickey. After the battle of Pittsburg Landing, he sold out and retiirned home, where he engaged in dealing in stock. He was appointed Postmaster at Joliet in 1867, and held the office two years. He was married May 10, 1856, to Mrs. Mary Gutterson, of Joliet, who died Nov. 2, 1866. Mr. Leach was married again, May 8, 1870, to Mrs. Mary J. VVhite, of Joliet; she died Jan. 31, 1871. JOHN LAMBERT, dealer in coal, wood, coke, etc., Joliet ; wa.s born in Lam- bertville, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Jan. 12, 1847. In January, 18(52, at the age of 16 years, he enlisted in Co. D, 1st New Jersey V. C. ; served one year on detailed duty in Virginia, and was discharged by reason of ill health ; he again volunteered as a Sergeant in Co. A, 3cl N. J. V. C, serving till the close of the war ; during the first year he was detailed as private orderly to Gen. Burnside ; afterward, under Gen. Custer, he participated in the Shenandoah campaign of 1864, including the battles around Washington, the battle of Win- chester, and terminating in the splendid victory of Cedar Creek, the occasion of Gen. Sheridan's famous ride " From Win- chester twenty miles away ; " in 1865, in the battles of Waynesboro, Ashland, Dinwiddle Court House and Five Forka, where he was wounded by a fragment of a shell, losing a part of his left hand, and also had his horse shot under him ; after this fie participated in all the battles under Grant until the surrender of Lee, and in the grand review of the army in Washing- ton, where his company was reduced to but four men able to perform duty out of the original number of 101. He was discharged Aug. 9, 1865. Mr. Lambert came to Grundy Co., 111., in 1867, and in 1870, to Joliet. He was for six years an officer at the State Penitentiary, after which he served as Dejiuty Sheriff under Warren S. Noble, serving during the strike in Braid- wood in 1877. During the exciting polit- ical campaign of 1876, Mr. Lambert organ- ized the Kepublican Guards of Joliet, of which he was chosen Captain. He was married in April, 1876, to Miss M. E. Bishop, of Joliet, and has one child — Anna E. JOHN C. LANG, editor of the Joliet Repuhlicdti, Joliet, is a son of Thomas J. Lang, one of the early settlers of ^ViU County, who emigrated from Groton, N. H., to this county in 1836, and settled in the town of Frankfort ; afterward removed to Plainfield, where he now resides. John C. Lang was born in Frankfort, W^ill Co., March 24, 1844; in 1862, he entered the Union army as a member of Co. D^ 100th I. V. I., and served till the close of the war, participating in all the ai'duous service and all the battles of that regi- ment, and returning with it in 1865. He then spent two years on the farm, and, in, 1867, made the trip via the Isthmus and California, to Arizona Territory, where he remained three years, engaged in mining, and in the employ of the Government in the Quartermaster's Department ; in July, 1870, after his return from the West, he entered the employ of the Illinois State Penitentiary, in this city, occupying suc- cessively the positions of Guard, Keeper, Assistant Deputy, and Deputy Warden, until October, 1874; from December, 1874, to August, 1875, he was employed on the Joliet Record^ since which time he has been editor of the Rejiuhllcan. He was married Nov. 19, 1874, to Miss Emma Webster, of Joliet, and has two children — Francis M. and Horace W. H. M. LYFORD, dealer in clothing, hats, caps, furs and furnishing goods, Joliet; has been engaged in his present business in this city since 1868; he is a native of the Province of Quebec ; he was born in Stanstead, Dec. 3, 1844; he lived there until he was about 17 years of age, when he left home, and, going to Boston, entered a wholesale grocery house as a clerk, remaining there four years ; on com- ing West, he went first to St. Louis, where he remained about a year and a half, com- ing to Joliet as above stated ; his business career in thi.s city has been a successful one, as he studies the wants of his cus- tomers, and uses every endeavor to supply them, keeping a fine line of goods at the lowest prices. Mr. Lyford was married in December, 1865, to Miss Ellen A. Ladd, of his native town, a daughter of 0. A. Ladd, now of this city ; they have one son — W' infield E. Lyford. Mr. Lyford is Col- JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 693 lector of the city and township of Joliet, to which office he was elected in June, 1878. JOHN D. LELAND, Steward of the Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet. John D. Leland, born in the State of New York, came West in 1S()8, and was soon there- after, under Elmer Washburn, Warden, apjiuinted Steward of the Illinois State Penitentiary, which position he success- fully held until August, 1872, when under the force of circumstances he was induced to resign ; after a few years spent in farm- ing, and on the produce market, his well- known tjualities as to economy and carefulness in performing the duties of Steward of the Penitentiary, gave reason for a renewed call to that position, in 1877 ; under his present supervision, the extensive commissary de])artment of the , Penitentiary has been managed at less ex- pense and to more general satisfaction than at any previous time in the history of the iii.stitutiun. JOHN LEY, farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Joliet; was born in Prussia Oct. 17, 1823, where he followed farming until 19 years of age, when he emigrated with his i parents to America in 18-12, and settled | in Will Co., Joliet Tp., on Sec. 19, living there until 1852, when he removed | two miles east of Joliet, near the Red Mill, where he lived until 1856, when he settled upon his present place ; he owns 220 acres of well-improved land, which he has accumulated by his own energy and industry. He married, in 1847, Elizabeth Magert ; she was born in Vir- ginia ; they have four children living, viz., John, Valentine, Frederick D. and Law- rence; the deceased are Joseph and Hub- bert. Mr. Ley has held the office of ! School Director for three years ; also, as Road Commissioner. FRANK E. xMARSH, of the firm of Carpenter & Marsh, graiii merchants and proprietors of the Union Transfer Elevator, Joliet ; was born in Joliet June 27, 1849; he is the son of H. N. Marsh, an early set- tler of Will Co., and for many years past the agent of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company in this city. He was educated in the public schools of Joliet, and at the Chicago Academy; in 18G8, he became ticket agent and telegraph operator of the C, R. I. & P. R. R., and continued till the spring of 1874, when he entered into partnership with H. S. Carpenter in the grain and elevator busi- ness ; they are now the heaviest dealers in Northern Illinois outside of Chicago ; they do an extensive export bu-^incss, about three-fourths of their grain beins Helen C. Matthews, of Joliet ; she died Sept. 26, 1872, leaving one child — ■ Helen I.; he was married again Jan. 19, 1870, to Miss Lida M. Sijuier, of Livings- ton, Essex Co., N. Y. ; they have one child — Lulu L. T. A. MASON, dealer in lumber, man- ufacturer of sash, doors and blinds, pro prietor of the Stone City Planing-Mill. Joliet; was born in New Hartford, Oneida Co., N. Y., March 14, 1840 ; he is a son of Daniel C. Mason, an extensive railroad contractor ; his grandfather, Arnold Ma- son, was one of the original contractors of the Croton Water Works in New York City ; Mr. Mason first came to Illinois in the spring of 1867 ; after s])ending a few months in Chicago, he returned East, and engaged in the blank-book and stationery business in Utica ; in 1870, he came to Joliet, and, with F. W. and H. B. Plant, erected the Stone City Planing-Mill, and engaged in the lumber business ; he was educated at the Utica High School and at Whitestown Seminary, N. Y. He was mar- ried Sept. 25, 1872, to Mi.ss Elizabeth E. Caton, of Joliet, and has three children — Cornelia Louise, William Caton and Kit- tie Marie. Mr. Mason is at present a member of the Board of Aldermen from the Fourth Ward, being elected in April, 1877. E. B. MASON, real estate and loans, Joliet; was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., Nov. 20, 1826 ; in 1834, his father, Hale S. Mason, came with his family to Will Co., and settled in Gooding's Grove, in what is now Homer Tp. ; he was for a good many years Canal Collector of Lock- port; for a number of years Justice of the Peace, and is now an hononid resident of the town of Jjockport. Mr. Mason con- tinued farming until the sjjring of 1854 ; in the fall of that year, he came to Joliet and spent the winter, removing the follow- ing spring to La Salle, III., where he resided for fourteen years, during eight of which he served as Postmaster of that city; returning to Joliet in 1870, he entered the abstract office of George H. Ward, and, in 1875, engaged in his present business ; he is Secretary of the Peoples' Loan and Homestead Association of Joliet, which was organized in 1874, having a capital stock of 5,000 shares of SlOO each. He was married in the spring of 1850 to Miss Elizabeth C. Olney, daughter of Hiram Olney, an early settler of Homer Tj). ; she died in 1858, leaving two children, one of whom, Ella B., wife of Leonard G. Wilson, is now living. Mr. Mason was married again in 1864 to Miss Lizzie L. Miner, of Aurora, 111. MAJ. ROBERT W. McCLAUGHRY, Warden of the Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet ; was born in Fountain Green, Han- cock Co., 111., July 22, 1839 ; he remained at home on the faim until 1856, when he entered Monmouth College, graduating in 1860, after which he remained in the col- lege one year as Professor of Latin ; re- turning to Hancock Co. in 1861, he settled at Carthage, and engaged in editing the Carthage Republican. In response to President Lincoln's call for 300,000 men, he enli.sted in August, 1862, as a private in the 118th 111. V. I. ; was chosen Cap- tain of Co. B, and in November following, was elected Major of the regiment ; he participated in all the campaigns which resulted in the capture of Vicksburg in the Gulf Department in the fall of 1863, and in all the campaigns in Western Lou- isiana until June, 1864, when he was transferred to the Pay Department as Pay- master, and assigned to duty at Springfield, 111. ; he remained there until Oct. 13, 1865, when he was mu-stered out to accept the office of County Clerk of Hancock Co.-, to which he had been elected ; he held this office until 1869; the next two years he was engaged in the stone-quarry busi- 698 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ness in Sonora, Hancock Co., and fur- nished the stone for the raih-oad bridge over the Mississippi River at Keokuk, and for the foundations of the new State Capi- tol at Springfield; in 1871, he went to St. Louis in cliarge of the St. Genevieve quarries, but the following year, his health failing, he returned to Monmouth, IlL, and entered the office of Judge Glenn to attend to a portion of bis business, wh6re he remained till Aug. 1, 1874, when he was appointed to his prates in Chicago, lie wa.s admitted to the bar in the winter of 18C2-G3, and began the active practice of his profession in 3Iorris, 111.; he afterward formed a partnership with Hon. Perry A. Armstrong, of that place, which continued until the removal of Judge Olin to Joliet in 1S70. While in Morris, he served as Alderman and School Inspector. About a year after coming to Joliet, he entered into copartnership with Capt. Egbert Phelps, which lasted until 1873, when he was elected County Judge, and in 1877, was re- elected for another term of four years. He has held the office of School Inspector in this city, and has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Joliet Public Library since its organiza- tion in 1875. He was married in Septem- ber, 1865, to Miss Julia A. Schauber, of Schenectady, N. Y. C. C. OLNEY, manufacturer and dealer in marble and granite monuments, tomb- stones, etc., Joliet ; was born in Perry, Genesee Co., N. Y., June 15, 1833 ; he is a son of Hiram Olney, who came to Will Co. in the fall of 1835, and settled in what is now Homer Tp., and who afterward re- moved to Manhattan Tp., where he now resides at the age of 78 years. Mr. Olney remained at home until he was 19 years of age, and then came to Joliet and began working at the marble-cutter's trade, which has been his business ever since ; he is there- fore, the oldest marble dealer now in Joliet, having followed the business either for himself or in the employ nf others fur the past twenty-six years. His business is not confined to Will Co., but extends into Cook, Iroquois, Livingston, Grundy, Ken- dall, Kankakee and Du Page Cos.. 111., and Lake Co., Ind. He was married in Jan- uary, 1868. J. L. O'DONNELL. of the firm of Haley & Donnell, attorneys at law, Joliet ; is a native of the State of Illinois ; he was burn in La Salle Co. Aug. lU, 1849; he was educated in St. Mary's College, Niagara Falls, N. Y. ; after which he read law in the office of Glover, Cook k Campbell, of Ottawa, 111., and with Mayo & Widmer, of the same place. He was admitted to the bar in Springfield, 111., in January, 1874, and the 1st of August following, formed a law partnershiji with P. C. Haley, Esq., which still continues. He was married on the 19th of September, 1877, to Miss M. C. Edgerly. of Putnam Co., 111. A. A. OSGOOD, real estate and loans, Joliet ; is a native of Joliet ; he was born Sept. 29, 1839. His fiither, Hon. Uri Osgood, came to Joliet in 1836, from Oxford, Chenango Co., N. Y., where he was born Dec. 22, 1809; he studied law with Hon. Henry 11. 3Iygatt, of his native town, taking a seven-years course, and at once came West, stopping in Chicago long enough to obtain his license to practice in this State, and then settled in Joliet, where he was a prominent and wealthy citizen and a leading attorney for thirty-five years. He at one time purchased all of Jefferson St., from Ottawa st. to the river for two black horses and $50 in mone}'. He es- tablished the first l)ank in Joliet about 1850, which he continued until 1861 ; in 1852, he was elected to the State Senate, serving two years, and in 1856, was a can- didate for Conuress against the Hon. Owen Lovcjoy. He also held various offices of trust and responsibility in this city and county, among them that of District At- torney. He died in 1871, leaving a wife and five children, of whom Augustus A. is the oldest. He was educated at Russell's Military Institute, and at Yale College. In 1861, he enlisted in the 100th 111. V. I., and was elected First Lieutenant of Co. B. ; served as Aide-de-camp on Gen. Has- kell's staff, and after the battle of Stone River, he resigned owing to ill health. After spending a few weeks at home he entered the Quartermaster's Department under Capt J. M. Huntington, and three months later was made Chief Clerk under Capt. G. M. Smith, Chief Quartermaster of the Cavalry Corps of East Tennessee ; he afterward held the same position with Capt. Thos. D. Fitch, Chief Quartermas- ter of the Department of Kentucky, re- maining till the close of the war. He afterward read law in his father's office ; was admitted to the bar Oct. 29, 1868, and practiced with his father until the death of the latter in 1871. In 1873, he purchased the insurance business ot W. W. Stevens, which he continued till September, 1877, 702 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: since which time he has been engaged in the real estate and loan business. F. W. PLANT, of the firm of Mason & Plant, lumber dealers, manufacurers of sash, doors and blinds, and proprietors of the Stone City Planing-Mill, Joliet ; was born in Utica, N. Y., Sept. 13, 1843. His father, James Plant, was one of the earliest settlers of that city, and, at his death, in 1859, left but two older settlers than himself; he was from Brandford, Conn.; he left two children — one daughter, now living in Ottawa, 111., and one son, Francis W. He prepared for college in the Utica Academy, and, in 18G0, entered : Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., gradu- atino- in 1864 ; he then entered the em- I ploy of the Oneida Bank, in his native town, and shortly afterward engaged in the | book and stationery business; in 1871, ' he came to Joliet, and with F. A. Mason ' and H. B. Plant, established the lumber i firm of jNIason & Plant ; they erected their storehouse on Des Plaines street, and the Stone City Planing-Mill, a two- , story building, on Joliet street, and are I undoubt-edly the heaviest lumber deal- j ers in the city ; Mr. Plant is a Director and Treasurer of the Peo- ple's Loan and Homestead Association of Joliet. He was married Oct. 16, 1867, to Miss Lizzie Merle, of Brooklyn, L. I., and has four children — Helen M., Laura M., Grace M. and James M. JOHN PETTIGREW, foreman of the molding department, Joliet ; was born in New Lanark, Scotland, March 2, 1842 ; at the age of 17 years, he went to his trade, in Glasgow, working under in- structions seven years ; Sept. 12, 1866, he emigTatcd to America, first settling in Chicago, where he labored for Carlisle, Mason & Co., for a period of five years; in May, 1871, he came to Joliet, and en- tered the employ of the Joliet Iron and Steel Co.; during the latter part of 1873 and the first part of 1874, he worked at Marseilles and Bockford, and, on the re- opening of the Joliet works, in October, 1874, he returned, and was employed as foreman in the molding department — his present position. He was married in 1864 to Agnes Bobertson, a native of New Lanark, Scotland ; has six children — John, Jaoe, Thomas, Charles, Agnes and William. CHARLES PETTIGREW, master mechanic, Joliet ; was born in New Lan- ark, Scotland, Feb. 4, 1844; in 1862, he went to his trade, in the Scotland Street Iron Works, at Glasgow ; here he served an apprenticeship of five years ; in May, 1867, he emigrated to America, first set- tling in Chicago, where he was employed as machinist in the Excelsior Iron Works ; in 1870, he came to Joliet, and was em- ployed as machinist two years ; next, he was foreman in the machine-shops eighteen months; in August, 1873, he took his present position, that of master mechanic in the Joliet Steel and Iron Works. He was married in 1868, to Agnes Cameron, a native of New Lanark, Scotland ; they have three daughters — Edith S., Agnes M., and Clara B" J. F. PP]RBY, County Superintendent of Schools, Joliet ; is a son of Br. Joseph, of Crete ; he was born in Fairfield, Conn.> June 21, 1846 ; his father was a teacher in the public schools of New York City, and the family resided, a portion of the time, on the old homestead in Fairfield, and the balance in New York ; in 1854, the family removed to Will Co., settling in Crete ; Mr. Perry prepared for college principally in a classical institution in Bridgeport, Conn., and, in 1866, entered Yale College, where he graduated in 1870 ; after graduating, he taught a year in the East, and then returned to Illinois; he taught, one year, as Principal of the pub- lic school in Madison, Cook, Co., and two years, in the same capacity, at Dalton ; in 1874 became to Joliet as Superintendent of the East Side Schools, continuing as such until Jan. 1, 1878; in November, 1877, he was elected County Superintend- ent of Schools, which position he now holds. OAPT. ANSON PATTERSON, mail agent and express messenger of the Joliet branch Michigan Central Railroad, Joliet ; was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., April 14, 1830 ; when he was about 4 years old, his parents removed to Seneca Co., N. Y., in 1845 to Seneca Co., Ohio, and, in 1847, to Will Co., 111. ; his father, Joseph Patter- son, still resides in Joliet Tp. Until the breaking-out of the war, Ca])t. Patterson followed farming, being engaged for nine years, during the winters, teaching, eight of which he taught in one district. In 1862, JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 703 he entered the 100th III. V. I. as First Lieutenant of Co. E, and, after the })attle of Cliickauiauga, was promoted to the rank of Captain, .serving till June, 18()5 ; among" the princiiial engagements in which he ])articipatod were the battle of Chieka- mauga, siege of Atlanta, battles of Jones- boro', Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nash- ville, besides several minor engagements ; he was wounded at the battle of Chicka- niauga Sept. 20, 1863. Returning to Joliet, he was engaged in various kinds of business until 18G9, when he was ap- pointed Postmaster at Joliet, holding the offiee two years, at the end of which time he entered upon his present position. He was married in 1851 to Miss Helen M. McClure, of Joliet ; they have had ten children, seven of whom are now living. JAMES G. PATTERSON, of the firm of James G. Patterson &; Son, grocers and news-dealers, Joliet ; was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1831, and came to the United States in 1851, settling in Haver- straw, Rockland Co., N. Y. ; three years years later he went to Newburg, thence to New York City, coming to Joliet in the spring of 1855 ; he was engaged in manu- facturing wagons and carriages, and fol- lowed that business until 1862, when he engaged in his present business. He was married April 23, 1855, to Miss Mary A. Harris, of New York City, also a native of County Tyrone, Ireland ; they have seven children — William A., Margaret J., Lillie M., James C, Eliza E., Emma K. and John H. J. D. PAIGE, proprietor of Paige's Bottliufj House, Joliet ; was born in Onei- da Co.,^N. Y., March 27, 1837 ; in 1844, he accompanied his parents to Jefferson Co., Wis. ; in 1857, he left home and came on foot to Joliet, with $1 in his pocket ; he went at once to work, and has been at work ever since ; he has now one of the largest and best-appointed houses in his line of business in the West ; besides which he has established branches of his business in Grand Rapids, Mich., Mar- shalltown, Iowa., and Braidwood, 111. ; he was appointed Fire Marshal of Joliet in May, 1877, and has given mueh study and his best efforts to the Department; during his administration the Department has been ehanged from a voluntary to a paid organization, the Gamewell fire-alarm tele- graph has l)een introduced, the horses are now owned by the Department (in.stead of being hired wherever opportunity occurred, as was previously done), and are kept at all times in the engine-hou.ses, with har- ness on, ready to be hitched up at ten sec- onds' notice ; many other improvements have been added, and the proficiency to which the Joliet Fire Department has at- tained under the administration of Mr. Paige is evident from the fact that at the National Firemen's Tournament in Chi- cago, in September, 1878, the Joliet Steamer Company No. 1 carried off first honors in extinguishing burning buildings, with a prize of $350 cash and an elegant silver set, and also took two other prizes, one of SI 00 and the other $75 ; Mr. Paige is at present Town.ship A.ssessor, to which ofiice he was elected in April, 1878. CHRISTIAN FERDINAND PAS- OLD, manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes, Joliet; this gentleman is a na- tive of Fleiszen, Bohemia, and was born July 10, 1830 ; he began learning his trade with his father when about 12 years old ; in 1852, he came to this country, spending one year in New York City, and locating in Joliet in 1853 ; the first eight years he was employed as foreman for Firman Mack, and in the fall of 1860, started in business for himself He was married April 13, 1857, to Mrs. Catherine Sesser, of Joliet; she was born in Baireuth, Kingdom of Bavaria, June 5, 1837, and came to Joliet with her parents in 1854; they have eight children — Rosetta, Christian Ferdinand, Jr., Charles Wilhelm, Joseph Friederich, Henry Herman, Oliver George, Flora El- vira and Martin Julius. Mr. Pasold has served two terms in the City Council, from the Third Ward (now the Fourth) ; in 1869, he was elected City Collector, and, the same year, Town Collector, holding those offices one year. HON. EDWIN PORTER, proprietor of the Eagle Brewery, and maauficturer of Porter's Joliet Ale and Lager Beer, Joliet; was born in Granger, Medina Co., Ohio, April 19, 1828; went to Cleveland when quite young, and there received an academic education ; in 1856, he came to Joliet, and engaged for two years in man- ufacturing malt; in 1858, he erected his first brewery, which was burned down in 1868, and, the same year, he erected his i04 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: present extensive buildings. He was Chief Engineer of the Fire Department for five years, beginning in March, 1861 ; he has served throe years as member of tlie City Council, and, in 1863, was elected Mayor, re-elected in 1864, and again in 1871. REV. WALTER HENRY POWER, Pastor of St. Patrick's Catholic Church, Joliet ; was born in Waterford, Ireland, in May, 1830 ; he received his classical edu- cation at Traniore, a celebrated watering- place near Waterford ; in March, 1849, he came to America, and entered the Semi- nary of St. Charles Borromeo, on Logan Square, Philadelphia, where he spent five years, and completed his theological stud- ies ; he was ordained a clergyman of the Catholic Church in December, 1853, by Bishop Neumann, of Philadelphia, and was appointed Assistant Pastor of St. Pat- rick's Church, of that city, and was short- ly afterward transferred to St. Philip's Church, Southwark, Philadelphia ; he aft- erward spent a year as assistant to the Foreign Vicar General of the Diocese of Philadelphia ; from there he went to Ham- ilton, C. W., as assistant to the Bishop, where he remained two years; in March, 1859, he came to Illinois, and located at Lacon, Marshall Co., where his jurisdic- tion extended over five counties, embra- cing some half a dozen churches; in June, 1860, he was transferred to Aurora, and in May, 1861, became Pastor of St. Pat- rick's Church, in Chicago ; in November, the same year, he assumed the pastoral charge of St. Michael's Church, in Galena, where he remained eight years, coming to Joliet, as Pastor of St. Patrick's Church, in September, 1869. J. W. PATTERSON, of the firm of Patterson & Longley, dealers in coal, wood and coke, Joliet ; is a native of Newburg, N. Y.; he was born Sept. 12, 1853 ; he is a son of Thomas H. Patterson, of this city ; in early childhood he moved with parents to Haverstraw, N. Y., near the battle ground of Stony Point, and there lived until the spring of 1865, when the family came to Joliet ; he was educated in the public schools and at Russell's Business College in Joliet ; he also attended the Chicago University for a time; in 1875, he began keeping books for hjs father and the firm of Lyons & Patterson, and con- tinued at this until 1877, when he engaged in the coal business for himself He was married Oct. 18, 1876, to Miss Hattie A. Strickland, daughter of the late Henry Strickland, an early settler of Joliet; they have one child — Claire, JUDSON C. PORTER, local editor of the Joliet Republican^ Joliet ; was born in Fairfield Co., Conn., July 27, 1846 ; when he was 3 years old, his parents removed to Litchfield Cn., in the same State ; at the age of 15, he left home, and went to New Britain, Hartford Co., where he spent two years in the Connecticut State Normal School, after which he engaged in clerking ; in 1868, he came West, and taught one year in Kankakee ; in 1869, he removed to Aurora ; thence, in 1 872, to Joliet, and in 1875, became local editor of the Joliet Repuhlican. He was married in New Britain, Conn., Oct. 8, 1867, to Miss Mar- tha J. Holmes, of Hartford Co. ; they have two children — Edith May and George E. FRANK ROBESSON, dealer in gro- ceries, liquors, flour, feed, etc., and propri- etor of Robesson's Hall, Joliet ; was bora on the 24th of June, 1828, in that portion of Italy then adjoining and now a part of France ; at the age of 18 years he was ap- prenticed to learn the shoemaker's trade, and two years later (1848), he became a cavalry soldier in Victor Emanuel's Italian arm}', where he served eight years; after this, he spent one year in Lyons, and, in 1857, came to America ; in 1858, he came to Will Co., and worked throe months for Thomas Mapps for his board; alter this, he built a small shanty in Joliet and began working at his trade ; he was so poor then that for two days he had nothing to eat ; he followed shoemaking about a year, in the mean time selling a little confectionery, etc., when, having accumulated a little money, he started in a small way selling liquors, groceries, etc.; he now owns four buildings in Joliet, besides other property; in 1875, he built Robesson's Hall, at a cost, including lot, of $31,000. He was mar- ried in 1862 to Miss Josephine St. Angle, of Oswego, N. Y., and has one child — Josephine. DAVID ROSENHEIM, dealer in cloth- ing, hats, caps, gents' furnishing goods, trunks, valises, etc., Joliet; was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Dec. 11, 1847 ; he was educated -in the public schools cf his native country ; on arriving at the age JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 705 of 15 years, he left home and came to this country ; his father had tliod but a short time before; his niDther followed her sou about twelve years ap;o, and now resides in Chicago ; on arriving in Joliet, young Rosenheim entered the employ of Morris Einstein, with whom he remained until 1809, when he became a partner in the firm ; in 1875, he purchased his partner's interest in the business, which he has since continued alone ; he carries a well-selected stock of about $12,000 — the largest in his line in the county — consisting of all grades of men's, youths', boys' and children's cloth- ing, furnishing goods, hats, caps, trunks, valises, etc., at prices to suit the times ; he is courteous in manner and honorable in his deaHngs, and it is these qualities that have contributed largely to his success. He was married June IS, 1878, to Miss Augusta Lindaur, of Chicago. Mr. Rosen- heim is a prominent member of the Ma- sonic fi'aternity, having taken all the Con- sistory degrees ol" Scottish Rite Masonry, and for the past year has held the oifice of High Priest of Joliet Chapter, No. 27, R. A. M. F. J. RAPPLE, dealer in live stock and proprietor of Joliet Street Market. Joliet ; was born near Strasbourg, Alsace, France, Dec. 19, 1837 ; in 1845, he came with his parents to this country, coming direct to Joliet,where he has lived for thirty- three years. His lather, Simon Rapple, a highly-respected farmer of Will Co., died in 1877, leaving live children, the subject of this sketch being the third in age ; for the past fifteen years, Mr. Rapple's busi- ness has been farming, dealing in stock, etc. He was married Nov. 13, 185H, to Miss Margaret Adler, daughter of Michael Adler, one of the early settlers of Joliet ; they have ten children living — Lawrence L., Fred J., Jr., Veronica, John M., Louise B., Simon P., Angle M., Theresa, Ella and Frankie C.; one daughter, Louise, died in 1862. Mr. Rapple was elected a member of the Board of Supervisors in 1877, and re-elected in 1878. BARBER, RANDALL & FULLER, attorneys at law, Joliet; this firm, although existing as a firm only since January, 1877, is composed of some of the oldest and most prominent members of the Will County bar. Hon. R. E. Barber was born in Rutland Co., Vt., in 1822 ; at the age of 10 years, he came with his father's family to Will Co.; he read law in .Folict, iind was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; in 1852, he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Will County, holding the ofiice until 1856 ; he has been a mendjer of the Board of School Inspectors some ten years; in 1876, he was chosen Mayor of Joliet, and served one term. Hon. S. W. Randall is a native of Hoosick Falls, Rens- selaer Co., N. Y.; he was born March 23, 1808, but removed to Fredonia, Chautauqua Co., when altout 9 years of age ; he was educated at the public schools and at Fre- donia Academy ; at the age of 16, he began as an apprentice to learn the printer's trade, and worked two years on the Fredonia Censor ; he afterward removed to Frank- lin, Venango Co., Penn., and began read- ing law in the office of Judge Galbraith, and afterward with the late Chief Justice Thompson, in the mean time teaching school and working at the printer's trade ; he was admitted to the bar in 1834, and, in 1835, removed to Erie, Penn., and engaged in practicing law and in editing the Erie Observer; in 1843, he came to Joliet, and engaged in the practice of his profession ; he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court in , and served years ; in 1850, he was elected to the State Legislature, and has held other offices of trust and re- sponsibility. Buel A. Fuller was born in Coles Co., 111., Aug. 8, 1833; his parents removed to Danville, 111., in 1835, and about five years later to Perryville, Ind.; there he entered a printing office, working during the day, and attending school even- ings ; about 1848, at the age of 15, he en- gaged in publishing the Temperance Jour- nal and Sons Companion in Danville, 111., the first temperance paper in the State ; he afterward went to Louisville, Ky., and thence to Madison, Ind., as foreman on the Madison Courier; in 1852, he came to Joliet, and became joint-owner and pub- lisher of the True Democrat with Alex- ander Mcintosh ; after awhile, his health failing, he retired from the newspaper business, but resumed it again in 1856 as publisher of the Kankakee Democrat; in the mean time he had been pursuing the study of law, and, in 1857, was admitted to the bar in Joliet ; the next year he was elected City Attorney, serving two terms. The integrity, affiibility and modesty of all 706 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: these gentlemen are so well known in Will Co., as to require no mention here. CHARLES RICHARDS, M. D., phy- sician and surgeon, Joliet ; was born iu Newport, Herkimer Co., N. Y., July 26, 1832 ; at the age of 10 years, he removed with his parents to New Haven, Huron Co., Ohio ; after receiving an English educa- tion, he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. F. G. Armstrong, of New Haven, Ohio ; he attended medical lectures at the Albany Medical College, where he graduated in 1855 ; he then located in New Haven, Ohio, and practiced medi- cine there until 1868, when he came to Joliet, and has been a practicing physician here ever since. He is a member of the Will County Medical Society, of which he was formerly Secretary ; he held the office of Coroner of Will County from 1870 to 1874. He was married on the 25th of March, 1858, to Miss Harriet Mulford, of New Haven, Ohio. DAYID RICHARDS, farmer and stock-raiser, P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., March 27, 1813; lie was raised to the dairying business, which he followed until he came West in 1837, making the journey with a team, and settling in Joliet ; the first three years he spent in handling stock through the West, buying principally iu Illinois and driving to Wisconsin and selling to the settlers ; he then engaged in the meat bus- iness in Joliet, handling stock at the same time ; in 1842, the State became bankrupt and all internal improvements ceasing, Mr. Richards being engaged in supplying the contractors on the Canal, became involved in the financial wreck, and although he paid in full, lost the accumulation of years ; in 1844, he engaged in farming and rais- ing and dealing in stock, in which he has continued with good success to the present time ; he was one of the parties engaged in the Joliet Woolen-Mill enterprise which was .started in 1866 ; he had the manage- ment of the feeding department of the Michigan Central Stock-Yards, for seven- teen years, and received the first car-load of stock which was shipped into Joliet by rail ; he subdivided and sold the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 15, known as the Canal Trustees' Subdivision, and embracing a part of the best-settled portion of the city at the present time ; he still owns a large amount of real estate in the city, besides about seven hundred acres of farm lands in the county ; he erected his fine residence on the corner of Washington and Richards streets in 1860. He has been too much enxas-ed in his own business to seek or accept public office of any kind. Mr. Richards was married Jan. 16, 1840, to Miss Mary A. Larraway, of Herkimer Co., N. Y.; they have six children living — Mary, now Mrs. T. H. lugersoll, of Joliet ; Nancy Jeanette, wife of J. D. Smith, of Omaha, Neb.; John, Newton, William M. and An.son. JOSEPH REICHM AN, of the firm of J. and J. Reichman, proprietors of the Joliet Meat Marke% No. 4, Chicago street, Joliet ; was born in Baden, Germany, Feb. 13, 1836 ; in that country it is necessary for every boy or young man to serve an apprenticeship to whatever business he in- tends to follow through life ; Mr. Reich- man remained on the farm until he was about 16 years of age, and then began learning his present business ; in 1855, he came to this country, and after spending a few months in Erie, Penn., came to Chi- cago ; in 1857, he settled in Joliet and en- gaged in his present business, being the oldest in the business in the city ; he has attended strictly to business and enjoys the results of his labors in a fine home adjoining the city. He was married in July, 1869, to Miss Annie Koch, of Joliet ; they have had five children, three of whom are living — Anton, Mary and Albert. JOSEPH J. REICH MAN, of the above firm was born in Baden, Germany, March 17, 1851, and lived there until he was 17 years old ; in 1868, he came to the United States, coming direct to Joliet, where he entered the employ of his uncle, Joseph Reichman, in the market business, and, in 1874, became a partner in the firm. He was married Jan. 14, 1872, to Mi.ss Chris- tina Wucherpfening, of IMokena, Will Co., and has three children living — Regina, Julius and Amalia ; his oldest child, Jose- phina, died in infancy. JOHN H. RAPPLE, dealer in live- stock and proprietor of Rapple's meat mar- ket, No. 3, North Bluff street, Joliet ; is a native of this county ; he was born in Joliet Township, on the 20th of January, 1848 ; he is a son of Simon Rapple, who came to Will County from Alsace, in 1845 ; # (deceased) LOCKPORT JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 709 lie was educated in the parish schools of Joliet ; he followed furmiiii; until 1870, when he ongaj^ed in business for himself in the confectionery trade; iu July, 1874, ho went to Southwestern Kansas and ojicni'd a farm and remained there until the summer of 1877, when \u) returned to Joliet and engaued in his present business. HOPKIiNS HOWELL, contractor, Joliet; was born in Hopkinton, N. H.. May 16, 1810 ; removed, in infancy, with his parents, to Clarkson, Monroe Co., N. Y. (then part of licnesee Co.), and there lived until he first came West, in 1834 ; he followed the business of brickmaking and farming, receiving an academic educa tion in the Clarkson Academy ; he came West, as an explorer, in 1834 and 1835, and on his latter visit purchased from the Government SO acres of laud, containing the gravel-pit adjoining the city on the east, first buying the claim of John Cook, an old Revolutionary soldier, who had set- tled there iu 1832 ; he also purchased an- other tract, of 160 acres, near by ; he still retains his original purchases, on one of which he began about twelve years ago to develop the extensive gravel-pit above al- luded to ; in 1847, Mr. Rowel 1 again came West, as the General Agent for C. H. McCormick for this region of country, in- cluding Wisconsin, Northern Indiana and Northern Illinois ; he was the first to introduce the McCormick Reaper in Joliet, selling it to Robert Stevens, Henry D. Higinbotham and Mansfield Wheeler ; this reaper was in existence until a few years ago, when it was allowed to be destroyed, much to Mr. Rowell's regret; in 1857, Mr. Rowell located here, with his family, and has since been a permanent resident; he is the author of a pamphlet entitled, '' The Great Resources and Sujjerior Ad- vantages of Joliet," published in 1871, of wliich 20,000 copies were circulated, and did much toward bringing the nat- ural resources of Joliet to the attention of capitalists and others, in the East ; he ■ also furnished numerous articles on the subject to the Eastern papers, besides per- sonally visiting, on the part of the city, several of the Eastern cities. He was married in 1848, in Watertown, N. Y., to Miss Mary E. Blood, of that city, and has five children — Jacob H., of Minneapolis, Minn., Annie J., Nathaniel J., Laura J. and S. Jennie. Mr. Rowell has absolutely declined being a candidate for any ofiice, both before and since coming to Joliet. R. ROBKRTSON, proprietor of the Robertson House, Joliet ; was born in Fifeshire, on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, within a few miles of the City of Edin- burgh, May 16, 1822 ; he was raised to the business of flour-milling, and, at the age of 20 years, came to America, and settled in New York City ; there he en- gaged in the distillery business, which he continued until 1864, and then came to Joliet and purchased the Joliet Distillery, which he run for two years ; in 1872, he built the Robertson House, which burned down in 1874 ; the following year, he erected the present elegant four-story-and- basement building, containing seventy-two sleeping-rooms above the office floor, com- modious and spacious parlors, etc. ; this is the largest hotel within a circuit of forty miles. Mr. Robertson was married, previ- ously to coming to this country, to Miss Margaret Duncan, of Alloway, Scotland, and has six children living. ERNEST RUDD, farmer, Sec. 2?., P. 0. Joliet; born in Will Co., 111., Aug. 24, 1854, where he has always lived, and followed the occupation of farming upon the place where he now resides; he owns 50 acres of land, two and one-half miles from Joliet, valued at $60 per acre. Mar- ried Martha M. Miller, May 21, 1875 ; she she was born in Niagara- Co., N. Y., March 20, 1853 ; they have two children — George Sanford, born Dec. 12, 1876 ; David Clar- ence, born Aug. 11, 1878. MRS. PH(EBE RUSSELL; P. 0. Joliet ; one of the early settlers of Will County ; was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., Nov. 1, 1812. She is a daughter of Benjamin and Phoebe Weaver, and came to Homer Tp. with them in 1833. Her father was familiarly known as " Uncle Ben Weaver," and was a promi- nent citizen of Homer till his death in March, 1 872, at the age of 91 years. Her mother had died ten years previously. Miss Weaver was first married Dec. 12, 1833, to Chester Ingersoll, a native of Vermont, who settled in Will County in 1828, and took an active part in the Black Hawk war. After their marriage, they removed to Chicago and kept the first hotel kept by an American in that city ; 710 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; returning after two years, they settled in Plainfield ; and, seven years later, re- moved to Lockport, thence to Wheatland, and, in 1847, removed to California; Mr. Ingersoll died in San Francisco in Sept. 1850, and Mrs. Ingersoll returned with her family in Will County ; the i'amily con- sisted of four childrea — (/hester, now of Kansas ; Benjamin F., who served through the war, and now resides in Joliet ; Josiah, who also served through the war, and died in January, 1871, from disease contracted in the service of his country ; and James K. P., now of this city. In July, 1851, Mrs. Ingersoll married the late Benjamin F. Eussell, of Steuben Co., N. Y., a native of New Hampshire ; they resided in Homer until Mr. Eussell's election as Circuit Clerk and Recorder of Will County, in 1859, and then they removed to Joliet; Mr. Russell held the office two terms of four years each, making one of the most efficient officers the county ever had ; he also held the office of Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue two terms ; he died Sept. 12, 1874, and in his death Will County lost one of her most honored citizens. He left three daughters — Emily J., Ida M. and Mary W.; but one of whom is now living — Ida May, now Mrs. J. J. La Fon- taine, of Joliet ; he also left one son of a former marriage — Francis A., now of Michigan. Mrs. Russell was on the first stage ever run from Chicago to Plain- field, when there was but one house between the two places. ROSITER RUDD, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Lafayette, Ind., Nov. 3, 1840 ; removed with his father's family to Joliet Township, Will Co., III., when 1 year old ; he worked upon his father's farm until 24 years of age, when his father died and Mr. Rudd became the possessor of his present farm, which con- sists of sixty acres of well -improved land, valued at $50 per acre. Married Aug. 15, 1860, Miss Jane Gregg ; she was a native of Canada ; they are the parents of five children — Luly, Fayty, Harriet, Free- man and Mansfield, all living ; Mr. Rudd has filled the office of Sdiool Director for six years with entire satisfiaction. MOTHER M. FRANCIS SH ANA- HAN, Joliet ; Superior of the Convent of the Sisters of St. Francis ; is a native of County Limerick, Ireland ; when quite young, she came to this country with her parents, who settled in New York State, residing in Cold Spring and Hudson, and afterward removed to Chicago ; she was educated in St. Patrick's School, in. Chicago, completing her studies there when about 17 years of age ; she remained with her parents until she entered into religion at the age of 24 ; after completing her novitiate, she was made Directress of the school of St. Boniface in Chicago ; one year later, she was transferred to Freeport, 111., returning thence to Chicago, from which city she went to Mansfield, Ohio, as Directress of St. Peter's School, and in June, 1877, came to Joliet as Superior of the Convent here ; this is the mother house of the order in this portion of the country, having twenty-one missions in Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Nebraska and Missouri ; there are eight teachers in the home institution, five of whom are engaged in teaching in the academy, and throe in Father Gerardus' Parochial School. W. W. STEVENS, attorney at law, Joliet; was born in Oxford Co., Maine, July 14, 1832 ; when he was but two years of age, his parents removed to Dover, thence to Sullivan Co., N. H., where he made his home until 1855. He received an academic education at the Andover Academy, N. H., where he grad- uated in July, 1854 ; the following year he came to Will Co., and engaged in teaching, soon afterward settling in Joliet, where he studied law in the office of Parks & Elwood ; he was admitted to the bar in March, 1859, and has contin- ued the practice of his profession ever since ; he formerly did an extensive in- surance business, having the largest agency in the city; but in 1873, he disposed of that branch of his business to A. A. Osgood ; he was elected City Attorney in 1863, and has been several times re- elected to the same office ; he has, also, served three years on the Board of School Inspectors. He was married Sept. 6, 1859, to Miss Althea H. Hawley, daugh- ter of Oscar L. Hawley, one of the earliest settlers of Will Co., and has seven children. HON. HENRY SNAPP, attorney at law, of the firm of Snapp & Snapp, Joliet ; was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., June 30, 1822 ; when he was but 3 years. JOl-lET TOWNSHIP. 711 old, his Axther's family removed to Roches- ter, N. Y.,aiul, in 1S:5:?, came to Will Co. and settled in what is known as '• Yankee v^ettlomcnt," in Homer Tp.; his father, Abram Snapp, was a farmer, a man of infloxihlc will, of sterlinu' and uncorapro- niising integrity, of commanding presence, and, though of unassuming manners, a man of great talent, and a highly respected citizen; he died in 181j5, leaving four children — three daughters and one son, Henry, who inherited, to a large extent, the characteristics of his father ; he remained at home, on the farm, until he became of age, when he came to Joliet and read law in the offices of E. C. Fel- lows, Esq., and Hon. S. W. Randall ; he was admitted to the bar in 1843, but did not begin practice until 1850; he started out in his profession with a determination to make an able lawyer ; he relied not upon natural ability, but applied himself to study, and has been a close student ever since ; being a ready speaker, and a man of brilliant imagination, and of pro- nounced opinions on all moral and political questions, it is not strange that he should be selected by his fellow-citizens to repre- sent them in the councils of state ; he was elected to the State Senate in the fall of 1868, and in 187lJ resigned the office to accept the nomination as Representative in Congress, from the Sixth Congressional District (now the Seventh); he was elected for the unexpired term of Hon. B. C. Cook, who had resigned, and having served out his term, declining a renomination, he returned .to Joliet and resuunid the prac- tice of his profession ; it may be mentioned that in 1854 he held the office of City Attorney; was for eight years a partner of Hon. Francis (joodspeed, now Judge of the Ninth Judicial Circuit of Illinois. He was married in January, 1847, to Miss Adeline Rroadie, of Joliet, and has five children — Sarah, wife of Dorrance Dibell, of Joliet ; Elizabeth (now Mrs. George M. Campbell, of Joliet), Henry D., (engaged in practice with his father), Howard M. (attorney at law in Joliet ), and Charles D. C. W. STAEHLE, bookbinder, Joliet; was born in Tubingen, Kingdom of Wur- temberg, Germany, March 13, 1825; he was educated at the University of Tubing- en, and afterward learned the book- binder's trade, which he followed until he was 26 years of age, when he came to the United States; this was in 1851 ; he spent four years in New York City, work- ing at different trades, the last year as draughtsman for Elias Howe, the inventor of the sewing machitie ; from New York, he came directly to Joliet, and for eight years was engaged as pattern-maker in Jones' agricuhural foundry; in 1859, he established his present business in a small way, having no capital, afterward combin- ing the picture-frame business ; by atten- tion to business and the wants of his customers, his business has steadily in- creased, until now his house is the leading one in his line in the city. Mr. Staehle has been Notary Public for the past nine years; in 1868, he was elected City Col- lector, serving one year ; he has been a member of the Board of School Inspect- ors constantly since 1868, the past six years being Clerk of the Board. He waf married in 1849 to Miss Mary Bertsch, os Wurtemberg, Germany, and has seven children living — Christian, Louise, Otto, Albert, Edwin, Fred and Martha. COL. LORENZO P. SANGER (de- ceased), Joliet; was born in Littleton, N. H., March 2, 1809. When but a small boy, he accompanied his father's family to Livingston Co., N. Y., at that time a vast wilderness in the then Far West, and, like other pioneers, could only obtain the com- mon log schoolhimse education in the win- ter, and in summer worked on a farm or in a saw-mill. When the Erie Canal (termed at that time, in derision, "Clin- ton's Ditch") was begun, his father, David Sanger, took a contract on the Canal, at Rochester, and afterward at Black Rock, about 1824, where he remained until the Erie Canal was completed. At this time but three steamboats were running on Lake Erie, and Lorenzo P. Sanger went on the Pioneer as steward. In the fall of 1826, his father removed to Pittsburgh, Penn., and engaged in heavy contracts on the Penn- sylvania Canal, and continued until com- pleted, finishing near Johnstown, Lorenzo having charge of a part of the work. When about 20, he took a contract to build a lock near Livermore, Penn., and was known as the "boy contractor." When this was finished, he went into the mer- cantile bu.siness at Blairsville, Penn. He married Rachel Mary Denniston, of Den- 712 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: niston's Town, Westmoreland Co., Penn., Feb. 3, 1830, and, the same year, removed his store to that phice. About 1831, he joined J. Noble Nesbit at Freeport, Penn., in sinkintr a salt-well. After drilling sev- eral hundred feet, they struck a large flow of salt water, and with it what the salt men termed "that infernal American or Seneca oil," since known as petroleum ; and as the value of the oil was not then known, the well was abandoned and he lost all. From Freeport he went on the Beaver Ca- nal and built a lock and dam twelve miles above Beaver, at the mouth of Kanakanes- sing Creek. When this was completed, he removed to Miamisport, Ind., and engaged in heavy contracts on the Indiana Canal. His work was on the Indian Reservation, and was completed amid many discourage- ments, the country being almost a wilder- ness and very unhealthy. In 1835, he started in the then fashionable way of traveling, viz., on horseback,' to St. Joseph, Mich., and joined Gen. Hart L. Stewart, now of Chicago, in merchandising and warehouse business, and steamboating on the St. Joseph River. At the letting of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, in June, 1836, Stewart, Sanger & Wallace contracted to dig Sections 156 and 157, on the heavy rock ex- cavation above Loekport, 111. The next season, he removed permanently to Illinois, and followed the Canal to La Salle, where he built lock No. 15. He next formed a company and took the contract to improve the rapids of Rock River at Sterling, 111. In March, 1843, he joined Smith Gal- braith in a line of stages from Chicago to Galena, via Dixon, and the next year pur- chased Galbraith's interest. While at Ga- lena, he was elected State Senator. In 1847, Frink & Walker, Sanger & Co., Da- vis & Moore, and Neil, Moore & Co. united and formed the Northwestern Stage Co., embracing Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wis- consin, Iowa and Missouri, Mr. Sanger removing to St. Louis and taking charge of the western division until 1851, at which time the firm of Sanger, Camp & Co. contracted to build the western division of the Ohio k ^Fississippi Railroad, after completing which, Sanger, Stewart & Truesdail took the contract for liuilding the North Mi-ssouri Railroad from St. Louis to Macon, Mo. Both of these roads were heavy enterprises, through comparatively new countries, and involved the engaging of hundreds of subcontractors. Both have become important trunk lines. In 1857, the State of Illinois let to Lorenzo P. Sanger and Samuel K. Casey, under the firm name of Sanger & Casey, the con- tract to build the State Penitentiary at Joliet, and in June, 1858, leased to them the convict labor of the State, the convicts being then confined in the Penitentiary at Alton, the commerce and discipline of the latter being in charge of W. A. Steel until July, 1860, when the last of the convicts were removed by him to the new Peniten- tiary at Joliet. During the last named year, he removed to Joliet, and, in 1862, to a farm one mile northwest of the city. Having, during his busy life, been the em- ployer of tens of thousands of men, and the nation at this time being in the midst of the war of the rebellion. President Lin- coln wrote to Gov. Yates to send Mr. Sanger a commission as Colonel and request him to join the army in Tennessee and Kentucky for staff duty or whatever his heakh would enable him to do. This was done, and Col. Sanger immediately threw up his business and joined the army in Kentucky, where he remained until his health was almost entirely gone, when he was compelled to return home in a prostra- ted condition, from which he never fully recovered. In 1865, Col. Sanger and W. A. Steel, under the firm name of Sanger & Steel, opened quarries north of and ad- jacent to Joliet, which proved to be the best limestone yet found in America, and which they developed into a very large business, employing from three to four hundred men and a hundred horses, the canal and railroad also pas.sing through their works. Though Missouri, Wiscon- sin, Michigan, Indiana and Illinois patron- ized their works largely, the United States Government was their heaviest customer for material to build the Rock Island Ar- senal, Marine Hospital in Chicago, Custom Houses at Des Moines, Iowa, and Madison, Wis., etc. The same year, 1865, Sanger, Steel & Co. took the contract to deepen the twenty-one rock sections of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. This was to remove solid limestone sixty feet wide and ten feet deep, the object being to remove perma- nently the lift-lock in Chicago and Jack's lock near Loekport. Col. Sanger died in JULIET TOWNSHIP. 713 Oakland. Cal., where he had cone for the l)eii('fit of his hialth, on March 23, 1875, and wa,s buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Joliet. He had three children — Maj. W. D. Sanuer. who served as an aid on Gen. Sherman's staff in the late war, and died in St. Louis in November, 1873; Frances Louise, wife of Hon. W. A. Steel, of Jol- iet, and Henry A. Sanger, now of Flor- ence, Ala. Col. Sanger, although a man of imyielding purpose and rugged charac- ter, was kind-hearted in hi.s public dealings, and exceedingly tender in the private and domestic relations of life. HON. W. A. STEEL, proprietor of the Joliet Stone Quarries, Joliet ; was born in Blairsville, Penn., Oct. 11, 1836; his father, Hon. Stewart Steel, was a lawyer of eminence in that State ; Mr. Steel, when about 1 7 years of age, spent a short time in mercantile business in Cumberland, Md., and Pittsburgh, Penn. ; in 1855, he came West and spent a short time in Joliet on his way to Missouri, where he built six miles of the North Missouri Railroad, and there made his first start in a business career which has been so eminently suc- cessful ; in 1857, he returned to Joliet, which since that time has been his perma- nent home. He became cashier for Messrs. Sanger & Casey, who had just obtained the contract for building the State Peniten- tiary. In 1858, he wont to Alton as Dep- uty ^Varden of the State Penitentiary ; then located in that city, the Warden be- ing Samuel K. Casey, who resided in Joli- et, and remained in the sole charge of the commerce and discipline of that institution until July, 1860, at which time he re- moved the last of the convicts to the new institution at Joliet ; he then entered the law office of Judge Newton D. Strong, of St. Louis, having previously pursued his law studies in private ; he was admitted to the bar in St. Louis on the 4:th of April. 1861. On the breaking-out of the rebell- ion, he engaged in the construction of four monitors for the Government, viz. : the Tuscumbia, Indianola, Chillicothe and the Etlah, the last being a full-bloodod monitor ; he afterward enrolled a battalion of 450 men, called the National Iron Works Battalion : was commissioned Major and placed in command of the battalion, and stationed in St. Louis for the defense of that city, where he remained until after the close of the war. In July, 1865, Mr. Steel engaged with his father-in-law, Col. Lorenzo P. Sanger, in opening his present extensive quarries, the largest in the coun- try, the firm being Sanger & Steel, and ,so continued till March 1, 1871, when he purchased Mr. Sanger's interest, and is now the sole proprietor. Among the prom- inent buildings for which Mr. Steel has furnished the stone may be mentioned the Custom-houses at Madison, Wis. and Des Moines, Iowa, about sixty Court Houses and Jails in Illinois, Indiana and Michigan, among them the new Court House at Rockford, 111., the finest in the State out- side of Chicago, and the St. Louis Four Courts ; the Government buildings at Rock Lsland, for which he furnished fully 30,000 car-loads of stone ; the railroad bridge over the Mississippi River at Du- bui|ue, the United States Marine Hospital at Chicago, and a portion of the stone for new State Capitols of Illinois and Michi- gan, besides which are churches and private buildings without number. Stone from his quarries is to be found in the cemeteries throughout all of the Northwestern States. Besides his (juarry interests, he sank and worked the first shafts in the Wilmington coal region. In March, 1870, Mr. Steel was licensed to practice in the Supreme Court of the State, and on the 22d of April following, in the Supreme Court of the United States, and in the United States Court of Claims, Jan. 10, 1871 ; he has not followed the practice of the law except in the United States Courts at Washing- ton, and then only attending the cases of himself and friends. He led the move- ment which procureil the passage of an act of the Legislature empowering the city of Joliet to make an appropriation for the building of the Joliet Iron and Steel Works, the largest in this country, and with two exceptions, the largest in the world ; this was accomplished in the face of the most violent opposition, not the least being the Governor's veto. He was mar- ried Jan. 16, 1862, to Miss Frances Louise Sanger, daughter of the late Col. Lorenzo P. Sanger, of Joliet, and has three children — Sanger (now a student in Racine Col- lege), Louise and Frances. Mr. Steel has collected a very valuable library of 6,000 volumes, including works on law, medicine, theology, science and general literature, 714 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: among whicli are many old and rare vol- umes, some of whieh were printed as long ago as 1537 ; a further notice of this library may be found in the history of the city, in another part of this work ; he also inaugurated the first public library in Jol- iot, in 1SG7. Mr. Steel was first elected Mayor of Jolict in 1869, and has three times since been elected to the same office HENRY SCHIEK, dealer in wines and liquors, Joliet ; was born in Carlsruhe, Baden Baden, Germany, Oct. 25, 1842 ; in 1848, the family came to America and located in Frankfort Tp., Will Co. ; here he grew to manhood, and was engaged in agricultural pursuits for about twenty-six years; in 1874, he moved to Joliet and engaged in his present occupation. He was married March 12, 1866, to Henrietta Mueller, a native of Germany; has three children — Matilda, Emma, Edward. Owns 12U acres in Frankfort Tp. ROBERT L. SEWARD, retired farmer; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1828 ; his early life was that of a farmer's son ; he enjoyed the advantages of the common schools of his native State ; in 1847, he began the trade of wagon-makiug in Portlandville, on the Susquehanna River, and worked under instructions three years; in August, 185U, he came West to Illinois, and first engaged in working for Rodney House, and continued with him two years ; he then engaged in carpentering about one year, and, in 1854, purchased a farm in New Lenox Tp., and followed agricultural pursuits about eleven years ; in 1865, hav- ing sold out, he moved to Jackson Tp., where he farmed six years; in 1871, he moved to Joliet, and has since not been actively engaged in business, except some transactions in real estate and loaning money. He was married in April, 1853, to Sarah M. Moore, a native of Otsego Co., N. Y. ; .she died in January, 1859. His second marriage, to Mrs. Elizabeth Ger- man, was celebrated in June, 1861 ; her maiden name was Brown, a daughter of one of the early settlers of Will Co. From the first wedlock two children were born — Eugene W., of Ru.s.sell Co.. Kan. ; Cora S. His father came with him. to Illinois, and died at th(! advanced atie of 89 years. CHARLES H. SUTPHEN, retired; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Cherry Valley, Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. 15, 1806; his father, Gilbert .Sutphen, was a native of New Jersey, and was of Dutch and Irish descent, his father, John Sutphen, having come from Holland some time before the Revolutionary war, and his mother being of one of the first fiimilies of Dublin, and came with her parents to America and set- tled in New Jersey about the same time. Shortly after the Revolutionary war the family removed to Cherry Valley, N. Y., and settled on a i'arm about four miles south of the village; on this farm Gilbert Sutphen, the father of Charles H., grew to manhood, and married Mary Higinbotham in Worcester, Otsego Co. ; she was of English descent, born in Rhode Island, and removed to Worcester, N. Y. with her parents when quite young. After their marriage, Mr. Sutphen's parents continued to reside in Cherry Valley until the break- ing-out of the war of 1812; his father was called upon to help defend his country, and joining the army, fell at the battle of Lundy's Lane ; his family consisted of five children — Julia Ann, Mary Ann, Charles H., Sarah and Jane, of whom the subject of this sketch is the only one now living. After his father's death, Charles H., then 8 years of age, was sent to live with his grandfather, Higinbotham, in Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y., and re- mained two years, attending school a por- tion of the time ; he afterward lived thret; years with one James Cagwin in the same county ; his mother then marrying Thomas Southworth, of Sherburne, Chenango Co., N. Y., he lived on the farm with them until the age of 21, with the exception of one year spent in attending an academy ; his health being impaired, he, on the advice of a physician, went to Boston, and took a voyage on a cod-fishing vessel up the Straits ; returning with his health somewhat improved, he shipped as Caj)- tain's clerk with Capt. Law on board the ship Concordia in the merchant service, making one voyage, and on his return to Boston, Capt. Law obtained him a situation in the Custom-house as messenger to the Surveyor of Customs — Elbridge Gerry, son of the late Elbridge Gerry, Governor of Massachusetts and late Vice President ot the United States ; in this office he re- mained two years, spending his evenings in the ac<|uisition of useful knowledge. Mr. Gg'ry then secured him a situation in the JOLIET TOWNSHIP 715 Pay Department of the U. S. Array, where he reuiaiiied eiglit years, or until Sept. 1, 1834. He was married in ISol to Elizabeth H. Dow, of Boston, and, in April, 18o4, ciime to Illinois and selected a claim at the head of Indian Creek (timber),. in La Salle Co. ; on a portion of his claim now trenticed to the tailor's trade at the age of 14 years, and at 22 entered the French army and served seven years ; in the spring of 1843, he came to this coun- try, and tlie following year, 1844, settled in Joliet ; he followed the merchant tailor- ing business until about 1857, when he engaged in the brewery bu.siness; in 1862, he resumed merchant tailoring, which lie continued till his death, which occurred July 4, 1873; he was first married in 1845, to MLss Angeline Orte, who died in December, 1852, leaving three sons — Se- bastian, Aliosius and Henry. Mrs. Ste- phen still resides in Joliet, surrounded by her family of six children — Frances C. (now Mrs. Michael Meyer, of Joliet), Maiy E., Theresa J., Joseph A., Rosa K. and Jennie A.; one daughter, Mary Magdalena, died in February, 1857. FRED X. STUFFLER, hardware mer- chant, Joli t; was born in Wilmington, Will Co., 111., April 1, 1848 ; when he was 1 year old, the family moved to Joliet ; here he grew to manhood, attending the city schools until he began the active duties of life ; at the age of 183'^ears, he left home and engaged in learning the tinner's trade ; in this he served an apprenticeship for three years ; in 1874, he engaged in business for himself at his present location. He was married April 23, 1872, to Mary A. Bar- thelme, a native of Joliet, Will Co. ; has two children — Josephine, Laura. Mr. Stuffler started in life with limited means, and what property he now owns has been accumulated by personal industry and good management ; he has a good and growing trade ; he handles only the best of material, and suffers no work to go out from his es- tablishment without'his personal inspection. I. D. STEVENS, secretary Solar Stove Workl, Joliet ; was born in Joliet, Will Co., 111., in 1851 ; he enjoyed the advan- tages of the public schools of his native town, gaining thereby a good common- school education ; in 1863, he entered the employ of John Virgil, now of Chicago, as clerk in his confectionery store; here he remained two years ; he next clerked one year for W. R. Ramsdell, in his grocery store ; in 1868, he and his brother W. D., purchased the lumber-yard of Otis Hardy, and conducted the business two years ; he next entered the employ of the U. S. Ex- press Co., and labored for it about two and one-half years ; he then engaged as clerk for the Solar Stove Works, and at the death of the late William N. Moore, the founder of the establishment, Mr. Stevens was chosen Secretary, a position he still holds ; these Works employ some 40 men, turning out annually 3,000 cook-stoves, 40,000 pieces of hollow- ware, consuming 3,000 tons of the best pig-iron in their production. Mr. Stevens was married in 1872, to Kate Flack, a native of Aurora, Kane Co., 111. ; has two children — Morti- mer and Jennie. JOLIKT XOWNSHIP. 719 F. W. SCIIROEDER, -roeery mer- chant, Juliet ; was l)orii in Hesse Cassel, German J, April iJO, 1848 ; when but 3 or 4 years of age, he came, with his family, to America, his lather first setilinjj; in New York, where he engaixed in the tannery business ; about the year 1854, the family came West to Cincinnati, Ohio ; liere Mr. Schroeder attended school a number of years; at the age of 14, he went to Toledo, and engaged in learning the drug business ; at the age of 20 or 21, he went to Kala- mazoo, Mich., and took a course in Par- sons' Business College ; he next located in Lemont, Cook Co., and entered the employ of B. Van Buren, having general charge of the drug store, post oflSce, etc. ; in 1872, he opened a drug establishment in Joliet ; in the fall of 1873, he bought his present place of business, and, in the fall of 1874, formed a copartnership with John Keyes for three years ; in 1877, he bought out his partner, and, since that time, has con- ■ducted the grocery trade alone. He was married June 1, 1872, to Mrs. Alice M. Iroson, a native of England; she has one child by her former husband. Mr. Schroe- der, though comparatively a young man, has gained for himself a fine reputation as a thorough business man, and his trade is almost double that of any other business house on the East Side ; the stock is full and complete at all times. HENRY SCHOETTES, wines and liquors, Joliet ; born in Westphalia, Ger- many, July 11, 1842, where he lived un- til 2G years of age, when, after receiving a common-school education, he learned and worked at the cigar trade, until he emi- grated to Ani'Tica, landing in 2^ew York in 1868; coming directly West, he located in St. Louis for three years, being engaged in manufacturing of cigars; from there he removed to Streator, 111., and engaged in in the manufacture and sale of cigars, when he came U.t Joliet in 1871, and was employed as foreman in J. Beohenberger'a cigar-factory for one year; in 1872, he engaged in the saloon business, on Bluff St., for one year, when, in 1873, he pur- chased his present place of business and residence, at No. 159 South Chicago st. Mr. Schoettes was elected Alderman of the ward in which he lives, at the last munici- pal election of Juliet. He was married in 1873, to Elizabeth Moder ; they were the parents of two children, one of whom is decreased ; the name of the one now living is Marv F. BENJAMIN STEVENS, butcher. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Joliet; born in Win.slow, Bu.,'kinghanishirc, England, Oct. IG, 1824, where he learned and followed the slaughter- ing busines until he came to America, in 1 854, and settled in Joliet the same year and engaged in the slaughtering Itusincss, which business he has since followed ; Mr. Stevens has slaughtered nearly all the meat used in Joliet for nearly twenty years. He mar- ried, July 18, 1857, Mi.ss Elizabeth Bo.s- som ; she was Iwrn in Oxford, England, June 23, 1831 ; she came, with her parents, to America in 1854. Mr. Stevens has about thirty acres of land one mile south of Joliet. They have one child liv- ing — Ann, born Oct. 3, 1858. WILLIAM SYMINGTON, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Joliet; born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in January, 1811, where he lived until 14 years of age, when he re- he moved to Erie County, living thereuntil came to Will Co., 111., in November, 1837 ; on April 2, 1850, he started overland for California, arriving at Sacramento Aug. 10; he went directly to the mines and followed mining for six months, meeting with good success ; on Feb. 22, 1851, he sailed from San Francisco and arrived home the 15th of May; he settled upon his present place in 1852 ; he has 150 acres of well-improved land, which he has accumu- lated by his own energy and industry. He married, June 12, 1837, Dorothy Haarer ; she was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Oct. 8, 1815, and came to this country when 1 6 years of age ; they are the parents of seven children — Sophia, Charles W., William H., Dolly, Rosa E. A., Alice A. Warren A.; two deceased were Margaret and Catharine. Mr. S. has b(!en School Director for more than twenty years. # DANIEL C. SLEEPER, Assistant Deputy Warden Illinois State Peniten- tiary, Joliet; born in Sandown, Rocking- ham Co., N. 11., July 5, 1832, where he lived until 13 years of age, when he went to Methuen, Mass., learning the trade of hatter; which trade he followed until 1854, when he emigrated West and settled in Joliet as clerk for Ilayden Bros., in the grocery business, for two years ; then one 720 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES year in the same business with S. 0. Simonds ; in 1858, he was appointed, by Warden S. K. Casey, as keeper and assist- ent book-keeper of the IlHnois State Peni- tentiary ; in tlie spring of 1864, he visited Montana for his health and engaged in mining for three and a half years, when he returned to Joliet and was again appointed keeper until 1 869, when he was appointed Assistant Deputy Warden, which office he has since held, with the exception of nine months, from July, 1871 to April. 1872, when he was Assistant Superintendent of the lleform School, at Pontiac, 111. Mar- ried, June 20, 1861, to Alice M. Richard- son; she was born in Joliet April 11, 1839 ; they are the parents of three chil- dren—Kate F., born May 1, 1862; George B., born May 29, 1864; Daniel C, Jr., born May 19, 1874. MRS. NANCY STEVENS, farmer; P. 0. Joliet ; the widow of Robert Stevens, re- sides just easD of the limits of the city of Joliet ; she was the daughter of Lewis Kerchcval and was born in Ohio, and came to Illinois when 16 years old, with her father's family, in the fall of 1830 ; she remembers vividly the winter of the "deep snow'' and its accompaniment of seventy. In 1835, she was married to Robert Stevens., whose portrait is found on another jxige of this work ; Mr. Stevens was born in Kentucky, but reared mostly in Ohio, and at an early age immigrated to Indiana, where he remained several years, coming to Illinois, and to Joliet Tp., in 1831, and settled upon the place where his widow still lives; Mr. S. was Captain of a military company in Bartholomew Co., Ind., until he removed to Illinois, in 1831, and retained his sword and uniform until the time of his death, which occurred Jan. 6, 1864; he was elected the first Sheriff of Will County, but, not desiring office, refused to qualify ; during the fright occa- sioned by the Sac war of 1832, Mr. S. took his family to Danville, 111., and sent them, under safe escort to the Indiana settle- ments, while he returned and raised a crop on his claim. Mr. S. was twice mar- ried, his first wife was Lydia Ann Pence, and three children were the fruit of this marriage — all dead ; by his last wife, who survives him, he had six children — Lewis K., Thomas J., James, Sarah Ann, Mary A. and Albert. ' M. W. S HURTS, railroad contractor, Joliet ; was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., ! Aug. 29, 1820 ; in 1846, he left New j York for California, being a member of I the 1st N. Y. Regt. I. V., raised for the Mexican war. Col. J. D. Stevens command- ' ing ; they were live months and eight days making the voyage, and on reaching San I Francisco, theirs was the only vessel in the harbor; at that date, there were just I six houses in the now prosperous city of San Francisco, and these were unworthy the name; the regiment was not actively engaged in the war, though it made sev- eral excursions after the Indians ; in 1849, he returned to New York, occupying seven months on the eastern passage ; in 1850, he came West, and located in Fulton Co., 111., where he engaged in various pursuits ; in 1859, he returned East, and subse- quently went to Virginia ; here he con- tracted on the Richmond & York River R. R.; afterward, he contracted work on Long Island and on the south side of Long Island; in 1870, he again came West, and subsequently went to Texas and engaged two years in railroading ; he built 240 miles of the Houston & Texas Cen- tral R. R.; in 1875, he made a trip to Europe, and since then has spent much time in pleasure-seeking. His first wife was Agnes Hageman, a native of New Jersey ; his second marriage was to Maria Simonds, a native of New York State. For the past few years Mr. Shurts has led a retired life, and is now devoting him- self to the improvement of his farm, near the limits of the city, on which he hopes to lead a quiet and happy life during his declining years. CONRAD TATGE, Joliet; the sub- ject of this sketch was born in Hesse- Cassel, Germany, May 26, 1827 ; he was raised to fanning pursuits, and, in 1848, came to this country, i-emaining in Chi- cago until 1851, when he came to Will Co. and settled in the town of Crete; he purchased land from the Government and opened a farm ; he was the first German to settle upon the open prairie ; those who had come previously had located in the timber along the creek ; he remained on his farm until 1865, when he rented it out, and purchased another adjoining the village of Crete, to which place he removed ; he was elected Commissioner of Highways JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 721 in 1853, and Township Collector in ISo-t ; in 1858, he was chosen Justice of the Peace, and held that office ten years, re- sinnini!; in 18li8, upon being eh^cted Clerk of the Circuit Court of Will Co.; he tlion removed to Joliet, and, in 1872, was re-elected to the same office, serving until 187G ; he joined the Republican party on its organization, in 185G, and has been a member ever since ; he was married Nov. 11, 1851, to Miss Sophia Waissmann, of Hanover, (Jcrmany; they have had twelve children, eight of whom ai-e living, viz., Caroline, 'Sophia, William II., Knuiiilia, Gustavus, Emma, Amanda and Juliana. WILLIAM TONNER, City Clerk, Joliet ; was born in Centre Co., Penn., June i 2-1, 1816; he was raised on a farm, re- ceived a thorough English education, and, at the age of 1(3 years, engaged in teach- I ing ; he taught about twelve years, six of j which he taught in one school ; in 1840, j he came to Will Co., and engaged in farm- ing, in Plainfield ; in 1850, he made the overland trip to California, where he spent two years in mining, returning in 1852 ; in 1857, he was elected County Clerk, and removed to Joliet ; he held the office for eight years; from 18G5 until 1877, he was engaged in investing money, buying and selling property, etc., also having con- siderable interests in the oil regions of Pennsylvania ; he was elected City Clerk in December, 1877. He was married Feb. 5, 1839, to Miss Catherine J. Shref- fler, of Centre Co. Pa., and has one daughter living — Mary Alice (now Mrs. Henry A. Sanger, of Florence, Ala.); one daughter, Myra J., wife of R. H. Willis, died in Omaha, Neb., Oct. 31, 1867. CARY THORNTON, retired, Joliet, | whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Bucks Co., Penn., Oct. 3, 180U; | his ancestors were Quakers, and came to Pennsylvania with Wm. Penn in 1681 ; the ' subject of this sketch lived with his parents until he was 23 years of age, assist- ing upou the farm ; in 1823 he moved to I Michigan, and, after remaining one year, moved to Rochester, N. Y. ; engaged in trade of carpenter and joiner up to 1836, when | he came to Will Co., and settled in Troy Tp., on Sec. 34, farming up to the time of his removal to Joliet, in 1866, where he still resides, at the good old age of 79. He has been Commissioner of Highways, and althougii repeatedly solicited, he would never accept of any other office in the gift of his neighbors. He married Miss Lucy Ware ( the daughter of Benjamin and Betsy Ware), at Rochester, N*. Y., Oct. 21, 1832 ; she was born in Putnam Co., Vt., July 18, 1810; they had three children, two living — Rutledge, born Aug. 1, 18;{4, and Beulah, born Oct. 15, 1839, and mar- ried to John Keyes, of Joliet, Oct, 21, 1872; and one deceased, Sidney, born June 22, 1846, and died April 4, 1848. Mr. Thornton is the oldest living settler of Troy Tp. CORNELIUS C. VAN HORNE, de- ceased, formerly of Joliet Tp., was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., April 13, 1794; shortly afterward, his parents removed to Amsterdam, N. Y., where his father, a widely-known clergyman of the Dutch Reformed Church, lived tuauy years. In the spring of 1832, Mr. Van Home came to Illinois and located in Will (then Cook) Co. He died in Joliet July 7, 1854. In 1813, he married Elizabeth Veeder, who died, in Will Co., in 1838 ; in 1842, he married Mary M. Richards, who is still living ; by his first marriage he had seven children — Abra- ham C, born in 1815 ; Simon V., born in 1818 ; Anne, born in 1822 ; Cornelius P., born in 1824; Margaret C, born in 1826 ; Barney W., born in 1829, and Andrew J., born in 1832 ; by his second marriage he had five children — William C, born in 1843; Augustus, born in 1844 ; Elizabeth, born in 1846 ; Theodore C, born in 1849, and Mary, born in 1852 — all now living. He was a man of great force of character, and of liberal education, and had much to do with the shaping of events in the early days of Will Co., in the history of which his name occurs often and very prominent- ly ; he gave his name to the locality known as Van Home's Point. He was succes- sively a Postmaster and a Justice of the Peace, and, upon the incorporation of Joliet as a city, he was chosen its first Mayor ; after a long, active and useful life, he died in 1854; one of the victims of cholera. F. E. VOIGT, foreman Motive-Power Joliet Cut-off R. R., Joliet; was born in Leipsic, Saxony, Grermany, Aug. 23, 1841 ; the family emigrated to America in 1846, and stopped in Chicago a short time ; 722 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; thence to Michitran City, Ind., and was the first German family settlinjr in the vil- lay<5d in the office of J. J. S. Wilson, General Superin- tendent of the Western Union Telef!;raph Company, and remained about eight months; he next engaged as ticket agent at Lockport, on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad ; during the winter of 1871-72, he was agent at Dwight, Living- ston Co.; Sept. 20, 1873, he opened the City Meat Market in Lockport. He was married July 20, 1873, to Emma Parks, a native of New York State; has two chil- dren — Mabel, born Aug. 9, 1874, and Bertie, born July 31, 1876. OTTO JOHNSON, boot and shoe shop, Lockport ; was born in Farnabo Co., Sweden, May 8, 1838 ; he immigrated to America in 1868, and settled in Lock- port, 111., where he has resided ever since; Mr. Johnson has resided in the same hou.se ever since he came to Lockport, first entering it as a boarder, and, later, pur- chasing!; it for himself He was married Nov. 2, 1871, to Lizzie Matthews, a native of England ; has two children — Louie G., John H. Republican ; member of the Swede Lutheran Church. Besides work of his own manufacture, he keeps on hand a fine assortment of ladies' and children's ready-made wear ; he uses nothing but the hest of stock in the manufacture of his boots and shoes, and warrants entire .satis- faction. GEORGE LYNN, mnfr. of boots and shoes, Lockport ; was born in Leicester- shire, P^ng., in the early part of February, 1822; in 1832, he came with his family to America, his father settling first at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; in the fell of 1836, the family moved to Schuylkill Co., Penn., whither George followed in the spring of 1837 ; in the Fall of 1844, he returned to Poughkeepsie, and in the summer of 1852, came West and located in Lockport, where he has since lived. At the age of 14, he went to Pottsville, Penn., to learn the iron-molder's trade ; followed it one year, when he met with an accident that dis- abled him from prosecuting the work fur- ther ; he next engaged in boating for two or three summers and finally began the trade of shoemaking, though he never served an apprenticeship. He was married Dec. 28, 1843, to Ann Allison, a native of England ; has eight children — Elizabeth A., Louisa F., Kate A., Emma Tj., Elmira E., William H., Loyd G. and George H. While Mr. Jjynn is not a man of fini.shed education, yet from a course of extensive reading and research he has accumulated :i vast amount of valuable information, and writes many and very acceptable articles for the county papers. GEORGE M. LYND, merchant, Lock- port ; born in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 8, 1833 ; his father. Rev. S. W. Lynd, was a distinguished Baptist minister and held leading positions in the Church in the West, being at one time President of the Western Baptist Theological Seminary, located in Covington, Ky. ; afteward nmioved to Georgetown, Ky., Dr. Lynd still retaining the Presidency ; he was Pastor of the Church in Cincinnati nineteen yeai's ; sub- sequently of the Church in St. Louis, and later in Chicago. In 1852, George M. became a student in Georgetown College and remained three years, not, however, completing a full course; in 1856, he came West with his family to Illinois, and .settled at Gooding's Grove, Will Co., and engaged in farming ; this he pursued for two years, when he took the position of preceptor in the family of George Barnett. of Lockport, and was thus engaged for two years ; in 1 860, he entered the employ of S. W. Lull, as clerk in his grocery store. In 1862, he enlisted in Co. C, 100th Regiment I. V. I., and remained in the service till the close of the war ; he was mustered in as Orderly Sergeant, but by successive promotions arose to the highest position in his company, that of Captain ; on his return home, he formed a copart- nership with S. W. Lull for the purchase and sale of groceries ; this ho continued until June, 1877, when the firm was dis- solved, Mr. Lull taking the dry goods de- partment, added in 1872, and Mr. Lynd the grocery department. He was married May 4, 1874, to Mary Blount, a native of Illinois ; one child — Carrie. Republican ; Baptist. During his term of service as a soldier, he participated in the important battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Look- out Mountain, and in all the engagements in Sherman's march to Atlanta ; was at the battle of Na.shville, Tenn., and many minor engagements; was present in every battle in which the regiment was engaged 740 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; during the term of service and escaped being wounded. JACOB F. LOTZ, receiver and shipper for Norton & Co., Lock port ; born in Blair Co., Penn., May 18, 182-i; at the age of 17, he worked in the Arch Spring Mills; in 1846, he worked in the Logan's Valley Mills one year ; in 1847, in the Scotch Valley Mills ; in 1848, he came West, and settled in West Creek, Lake Co., Ind.; thence to Dixon, Lee Co., 111.; in 1858, ho came to Lockport ; entered the employ of Norton & Co., for whom he has labored ever since ; he was Foreman in their mills for fifteen years ; for the past five years he has occupied the }»osition of receiver and shipper. He has been mar- ried twice. In July, 1848, he was mar- ried to Elizabeth Ramsay, a native of Pennsylvania ; she died Jan. 24, 1866 ; his second marriage occurred Nov. 13, 1868, to Lucinda Ramsay, also a native of Pennsylvania ; three children were born to him from first wedlock, and four from second. He has been City Alderman two or three terms, and is at present School Trustee. JOHN H. MILLER, tonsorial artist, Lockport ; was born in Norderdeich, Ger- many, Nov. 1, 1854; till he was 14 years of age he attended school most of the time in his native country ; about the first of June, 1868, he immigrated with the family to America, his father settling in Lockport, Will Co., 111.; immediately after coming, John entered the employ of Louis Braum to learn the trade of barbering; he re- mained with him between three and four years . he next worked for Henry Falken- hagen, of Lockport, and subsequently fol- lowed his trade in Joliet for some months ; in February. 1874, he formed a copartner- .shipwith Louis Braum, and carried on the business- in Lockport until the following September or October, when he bought out his partner's interest, and has since conducted the business alone ; his shop is well located in the business part of the town, complete in all its appointments; he is polite and obliging, always at his post, and for an easy shave or anything in his line of business, we commend you to John. FRED. MULLER, miller, Lockport; was born in Prussia, Germany, Aug. 16, 1827 ; ho immigrated to America in 1854, and stopped first in Chicago, but soon came to Lockport, and was employed at general work one year; in 1855, he en- gaged in work for Norton & Co.; in 1859, he went to St. Louis, where he worked at gardening. When the first call was made for troops he enlisted May 8, 1861, in Co. H, 5th Regt. Mo. V. I,, and served three and a half months; participated in the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., in which Gen. Lyon was killed ; returning, he re- mained a short time in St. Louis, and then came again to Lockport ; he worked for Norton & Co. a second time until June 1874, when he leased the old mill, now owned by Dr. J. F. Daggett, which he is now operating. In the fall of 1863, he was drafted, but employed a substitute. He was married Nov. 10, 1865, to Eliza- beth Brinkey, a native of Bohemia ; has five children — Elizabeth, William, Mary, John, August. He is familiarly known as Honest Fred, the miller on the Des Plaines. HALE S. MASON, farmer, P. 0. Lock- port ; born in Attleboro, Bristol Co., Mass.,. March 30, 1804; when he was 12 years of age, his father moved to Ontario Co., N. Y.; in 1833, young Mason came West to Illinois, to prospect the country, return- ing home on the 6th of May, 183-1 ; he took up his line of march id a two horse covered wagon to the far West, his family consist- ing of himself, his wife, and three little boys, the oldest about 7 years of age ; June 6, one month from the date of starting they landed at Gooding's Grove, Will Co.; here he I'emained engaged in farming till 1846, when he removed to the village of Lockport, and in company with his brother, engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes ; in 1849, he moved to the farm upon which he now resides, and engaged in the nursery business. He was married Jan. 5, 1826, to Sabrina A. Codding, a native of Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y.; has had seven sons— 'Edwin B., William T., Stephen C, John Q., Charles T., living; Hale S., and George H., deceased ; the latter was killed while in the United States' service, Dec. 13, 1863 ; he was a member of the 14th I. V. C, and was Color Bearer of the regiment. Mr. Mason owns 180 acres of land in Lock- port Township. WILLIAM S. MYERS, attorney at law, Lockport ; was born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., Oct. 29, 1815; in 1818, his father LOCKPOllT TOWNSHIP. 741 moved to Lewis Co., N. Y.; in May, 1841, lie left home and canu' to Lockport, 111., enterinj;- the employ of H. Norton aa clerk in his i;eneral merchandise establishment ; the spring of 1844, he went into business for himself; in the fall of 1859, he left the couutiug-room, and in March, 1861, went to St. Louis as the representative of the American Wine Comj»any, where he re- mained until July, ISGa; largely through his influence and good management, the goods were placed upon the market, and the business established on a sound basis ; after his return, he began dealing exten- sively in real estate, and was admitted to the bar March 18, 18(10. He was mar- ried Sept. 28, 1843, to Gertrude Norton, a native of New York ; has had two chil- dren ; both died in infancy. Republican ; Episcopalian. Has held the office of Jus- tice of the Peace seven years, and has held the office of Township Assessor. Mr- Myers does a large business in collections of every kind ; he is one of the solid busi- ness men of the town. JOHN MACKIE, miller, Lockport; was born in Perthshire, Scotland, March 7, 1842 ; he immigrated to America in May, 1865, and first settled in Gallipolis, Ohio ; here he entered the employ of W. H. Lang- ley, remaining about fifteen months, at which time Langley failed for a large amount ; he next came to Chicago, and worked for a short time in the City Mills ; in the latter part ol' 1867, he came to Lockport, and entered the employ of Norton & Co.; he next located in Pittsburgh, Penn., and worked in the City Mills ; in 1871, he returi-ed to Lockport, and again entered the employ of Norton & Co., until the great fire in Chicago; a portion of his time was spent in their mills here and the remainder in their mills at Chicago. He was married in November, 1868, to Elizabeth Doran, of Canada ; has three children — Ella, Rachel and Thomas. ROBERT MILNE, farmer; P. 0. Lockport; was born in Banfishire, Scot- laud, Feb. 14, 1805; in August, 1836, he immigrated to America and settled in Chi- cago, engaging in the lumber trade, buying out the fir.^t lumber merchant in Chicago ; in the fall of 1839, he returned to Scot- land, and came again to America in 1840; soon after his return, sold out his business in Chicago, and took contracts on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, building five of the locks; in 1846, settled in Lockport; here he remained till 1849, when he re- turned to Chicago, and engaged again in the lumber trade, a full partner in the firm of Milne, Fergueson & Co. ; this firm established an agency at Lockport for the sale of lumber, buying the saw-mills formerly erected, and established a planing- mill in connection with them ; in 1850, he returned to Lockport, and has resided here ever since; in 1854, he sold out his interest in the mills and lumber trade and pur- chased the farm on which he now resides. Was married in December, 1846, to Labell Maitland, a native of Scotland; has nine children. In 1869, was appointed Canal Commissioner by Gov. Palmer and served four years; in 1874, revisited Scotland, and while there purchased some thorough- bred cattle, in the rearing of which he has since engaged. Owns 242 acres in Lock- port Tp. and 100 acres in Homer Tp. Republican ; Congregationalist. Mr. Milne is a very influential and deservedly popular citizen. JONATHAN S. McDONALD, editor Phamix, Lockport; born April 17, 1829, in the town of Salina, Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; his father, Asa McDonald, Esq., set- tled, with his family, in Joliet in 1838, and, the following year, rented the form under the bluff", east of the Penitentiary, of Dr. A. W. Bowen (now a resident of Wil- mington), and, soon after, became a tenant. at Five-Mile (jrrove, on land belonging to Edward, Ephraim and Pliny Perkins ; he afterward purchased a farm on Maple st., in New Lenox, on which he died, Dec. 4, 1857 ; at the age of 20, J. S. McDonald started from home, and crossed the plains,, in search of California gold ; he returned in 1854, and attempted to acquire a col- legiate education by entering the University of Oberlin in 1855; within a couple of weeks, he found the undertaking altogether too irksome, and left that institution, to eventually establish a banking-house in Lockport; in this new, and to him strange, business of banking he prospered indiffer- ently well, and found himself involved in the general suspension of 1858-59 ; after a trip to the gold-mines of Colorado, he re- turned to Lockport, raised a company for the war, with Dr. Charles H. Bacon, and entered the service in the 100th I. V. Regiment, as a Second Lieutenant ; while 742 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ill the service, he took an active part in all the campaigns and battles in which the regiment was engaged, except the fight at Missionary Ridge, and resigned at the opening of the Atlanta campaign, having heen promoted to the rank of Captain. In 1854, Capt. McDonald bought a controlling interest in the Will Coimt// Courier, and sold out after a brilliant career of six months ; he then, in the following year, started the Lockport Phanix, and, soon after, enlarged the enterprise to what is termed " The Family of Phoenixes" in Joliet, Wilmington, Lockport and Lemont. In 1857, he married Louisa, daughter of Col. George Snoad. HIRAM NORTON, proprietor of the Lockport Carriage Factory, Lockport ; born in Prince Edward Peninsula, Can., Oct. 3, 1828 ; his schoolboy days closed at the age of 11 years, and from that date until he arrived at the age of 18 years, he was completely disabled by rheumatism from engaging in any active pursuits ; after recovering his health, he was three years on the farm, and, at the age of 21, went to his trade at Demorestville ; in October, 1860, he came to Lockport and opened up his carriage factory. He was married in January, 1865, to Catharine Banner, a native of England ; has four children — Mary, Benjamin F., Charles B. and John. Mr. Norton uses nothing but the best of material, employs none but the best of workmen, and fully warrants every vehicle sent forth from his establishment. ISAAC NOBES, proprietor Oak Hill quarries ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born on the Isle Wight Feb. 28, 1822; at the age of 13, he was apprenticed to sea and served four years ; he then went as able seaman on board the clipper schooner Susan ; engaged in the fruit trade up the Levant ; he re- mained at sea nine years ; three years of that time he was on board the Granges, an 84- gun ship of the British navy, and was pres- ent at the destruction of the forts along the coast of Syria in 1841, the last fort de- stroyed being that of San Juan Diego ; in the taking of this fort, it was estimated that the Egyptian forces lost in killed, 15,- 000 in two and a half hours. The Admiral of the British forces was Sir Charles Na- pier. Mr. Nobes came to Quebec in 1843, on board a timber vessel ; he spent one summer on Lakes Erie and Ontario, sailing out from Gordon Island in the em- ploy of Cook & Calvin, in the lumber trade ; in June or July, 1845, he came to Buffalo, N. Y"., and engaged in sailing on the lakes ; during the summer of 1846, he sailed from Buffalo to Chicago ; Jan. 7, 1847, he came to Joliet and engaged in hauling sand for the court house that win- ter ; in the spring, returned to Chicago and sailed upon the lakes. Mr. Nobes states that upon this trip he paid $2.00 fare, walked a good part of the way, and carried a rail to help the coach out of bad places, and was on the road from 8 o'clock A. M. until 4 P. M. of the following day before reaching Chicago, a distance of 38 miles ; the following winter, he returned to Joliet and soon went to Lockport, where he en- gaged in caulking the Gen. Fry, the first boat ever run on the I. & M. Canal, between Lockport and Chicago ; he engaged in caulking and building boats one year ; in the Spring of 1848, he purchased ten acres near his present location, and in March, 1851, opened his present quarries in con- nection with G. A. Cousens & Co. A diffi- culty having arisen among the partners, he abandoned the (juarries and went again to the boat yai'ds at Lockport. After twelve years litigation, he obtained entire possess- ion of them in 1868, since which time he has successfully operated them. He was married Jan. 4, 1846, to Ann J. Haughey, a native of Ireland ; has seven children — Joseph, Charles J., Sarah, Ann I., Will- iam I. R., Elizabeth J. and Elizabeth J. (deceased) ; owns eighty-six acres includ- ing his quarries. In 1874, he erected his large stone residence at a cost of nearly $20,000, the finest in all this section of country. NELSON H. PEASE, assistant book- keeper for J. L. Norton & Co., Lockport; was born in Brasher, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Dec. 9, 1844; at the age of 15, he left home and entered the academy at Laurence- ville, remaining two years. September, 1861, he enlisted in Co. I, 60th Regt. N. Y. V. I. ; Jan. 23, 1863, was discharged at Harper's Ferry on account of disability. Returning home, he engaged for a short time in farming ; Feb. 28, 1864, he came West, and stopping in Chicago, attended Bryant & Stratton's Business College. Re-enlisted in the 100 days' service, in Co. F, 134th 111. V. I., and served 140 days. Next J ^Ax, he was appointed agent at Lock port, and remained one and a half years ; then returned to Dwight, and was agent two and a half years ; in 1872, took eliarge of Odell Station, remaining two years; in 1874, he abandoned railroad- ing, and entered the employ of J. L. Noiton & Co., in the pcsition he now holds. Was married March 22, 18G6, to Irene C. Riggs, a native of Dwight, 111. ; has two children — Alice L. and Myrtle K. Rep.; attends the Congregational Church. WILLIAM W. PRINDLE, manufoc- turer of wagons and buggies, Lockport ; was born in Prince Edward District, Canada, Sept. 30, 1823, in the town of Hollowell (now Picton) ; at the age of 3 years, he went with the family to Oswego, N. Y.; here he spent his boyhood days; in the spring of 1837, he went to sea and remained till 21 years of age ; coming- home again, he found the family located at Logan.sport, Ind., and here he remained one year ; he next moved to La Fayette, Ind., and in connection with his father engaged in the hotel business ; this they carried on one year, and in the fall of 184G, came to Jolict. Mr. Prindle laid the cut stone in the court hou.se, working for the contract- ors, Shepard & Brown. In the spring of 1847, he came to Lockport, where he has since resided. He was married July 25, 1847, to Mary A. Button, a native of Oxford, England ; has two children — Louisa and Ada. He opened up his pre- sent shop about 1873, and has met with good success. He is a first class work- man. Uses nothing but the best mate- rial, and gives his personal supervision to all the work going out from his estab- lishment. ISAAC I'RESTON, Lockport, whose portrait appears in this work, Wiis born in Fairfield, Cumberland Co., N. J., in 1792 ; he was left an orphan at the age of 6, and at the age of 7, went to Vermont; at 15, he began a six-yt;ars' apprenticeship at the tanning trade. In 1815, he was married at Grraiiville, Washington Co., N. Y., to Miss Betsy Walker. Following his trade in the State of New York until 1836, he emigrated with his family to Illinois, and settled at Hadley, in Will Co., where he remained four years, during which time he opened and improved a tarm of 200 acres ; in 1840, he moved to Kane Co., in this State, where he lived twenty-five years, re- moving to Lockport, in this county, in 1865, where he still resides. Mr. Preston has been for more than half a century a firm and unalterable friend in the cause of human freedom, being among the first to espouse the Abolition cause in Western New York. He was a small stockholder in, and occasionally a conductor on the un- derground railroad, hut never ran a night train, always taking his passengers through in open day before the taces and eyes of his neighbors (many of whom were the abject minions of the slave-holders), and frequently employing the fugitive on his farm. Mr. Preston became a total ab- stainer before the first move was made in the temperance cause in Western New York. He was the first employer in the city of Rochester who expelled liquor from his workshop, and has since that time in his own way used his best endeavors to discountenance the sale and use of all in- toxicants and narcotics. He has also for more than fifty years been an open and persistent opponent of all oath bound secret societies. Freemasonry in particular, be- lieving their tendency to be hostile to the best interests of morality, religion and civil government. Mrs. Preston is still living, and their combined a";es aggregate over 172 years; they are as healthy, active and industrious as most people at 70 ; they have raised a family of five children — the late John B., Elizabeth L. (Mrs. Dr. Dan- iels), Mariah P. (Mrs. Codding^, Julia M. (late Mrs. Bourland )and JosiahW., three of whom, Josiah W., Mrs. Daniels and Mrs. Codding, are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Pres- ton have shared the joys and sorrows of con- nubial life for more than sixty-three years. 746 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: AMOS C. PAXSON, farmer; P. 0. Loc'kport ; was born in Eastern Pennsyl- vania Nov. 21, 1810 ; his father moved to the western part of New York, near Buffa- lo, in 1818, settling on what was called the Holland Purchase; in the Spring of 1838, young Paxson came West and settled in Dupage Tp., Will Co., working at his trade, that of carpentering, for five years ; in 18-43, he purchased 100 acres of land and engaged in farming; in 1868, sold out and moved into Lockport, his present place of residence. In April, 1871, he was ap- pointed Postmaster, and occupied the posi- tion four years. His first marriage, to Sabra L. Boardman, a native of New York State, occurred Nov. 18, 1841 ; she died Oct. 8, 1852; his second marriage, to Elizabeth Killmer, also a native of New York, was celebrated July 10, 1854; five children were born from first wedlock — Luther B., born Feb. 12, 1843; Peninah L., born Aug. 4, 1844 ; Charles C., born Feb. 27, 1847 ; Julia E., born Dec. 6, 1849 ; Sabra I., born Dec. 23, 1851 ; from second wedlock one child was born — Minora C, born July 11, 3 855. Peninah L. (wife of Robert Strong), died Dec. 22, 1871 ; Charles C. died March 6, 1873; Sabra I. (wife of Samuel Buttles), died Jan. 1, 1876. Mr. Paxson has held the office of Supervisor three terms ; been Jus- tice of the Peace, Assessor, School Treas- urer, etc. Owns town property, and 104 acres in Lockport Tp. FREDRICK RELF, farmer; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in ICast Kent Co., Eng., April 27, 1827; in March, 1849, he landed in New York City, and first settled in Vernon, Oneida Co., N. Y. ; here he engaged in farming for three years ; in the Fall of 1852, he came West to Illinois; settled in Joliet, and for a time engaged in labor^on the Chicago & Rock Island Rail- road; in February, 1866, he moved to Bureau Co., where he remained four years; in 1870, he returned to Will Co., and located on the farm now owned by the heirs of Edw. Kelley; in 1872, he moved to his present place of residence. He was married Oct. 2, 1852, to Sarah Beeching, a native of England ; nine chil- dren have been born to them — Emma J., Clara, Thomas H., Rosa, Laura, Julia, Allie, Charles H., Cora. When he came to America he was possessed of little or no means, but by industry and frugality he has reared his family and accumulated considerable property; he is a thorough- going, energetic farmer, and is highly esteemed for his many good qualities by his friends and acquaintances. HENRY RIPSOM, Superintendent of cooper shop, Lockport; was born in Gene- see Co., N. Y., Sept. 15, 1809; in 1811, his father moved to Syracuse, Onondaga Co. ; at that time but two or three houses were standing where Syracuse now is ; at the age of 15, he ran away from home, and coming to Lower Sandusky, Ohio, engaged in leai'ning his trade ; he afterward re- turned home, but at the age of 20 settled in Clarkson, Monroe Co., N. Y.; in 1848, he came West, settled in Lockport, enter- ing the employ of Norton & Co. ; in March, 1850, he took the position of Superintendent of the cooper shop, and has been continued in that position ever since. He was married in August, 1832, to Eliza Coleson, a native of New York State; has had eight children — Nancy, Isabel, Ursula, Alice (living), Elizabeth, Sarah, Clarkson, Cora (deceased). From 1832 to 1846, he was engaged in boating on the Erie Canal in the employ of the Merchants' line. The shadows of two great afilictions have rested upon the family hearthstone during the past ten years, that of the untimely death of the only son Clarkson, as also that of the sudden decease of the youngest daughter, Cora; in the early part of the winter of 1868, Clarkson, a young man of 19 summers, while coasting with young friends on the streets of Lockport, was almost instantly killed by coming in con- tact with a team standing in the street ; a few years later little Cora, a bright and interesting child 9 years of age, fell from the suspension bridge into the canal and was drowned, her body being res- cued in about one hour from the time the accident. Mr. Ripsom at present holds the office of Township Collector. N. S. RAFFERTY, groceries and con- fectionery, Lockport; was born in Sligo Co., Ireland, Nov. 5, 1823 ; he immigrated to America Sept. 14, 1837, and settled in Hamilton, Canada West, and engaged in the merchant tailoring trade; in 1840, he moved to Jackson, Mich. ; here he re- mained two years; in 1842, located in Chicago, and in 1845, came to Lockport. LOCKPORT TOWNSHIP. 747 his presi-nt home ; in 1 8G8, ho opened out a full line of confectionery, and later added a small stock of groceries; in 1876, he purchased a full line of izroceries, and at present (1878) has a large and growing trade ; his fruit and confectionery trade is the most extensive of any in the city. He was married Jan. 2:i, 185(5, to Catharine Boland, a native of Tipperary Co., Ireland. Was elected Justice of the Peace in the Spring of 1877, which office he now holds. WM. M. STOWE, farmer; P. 0. Lock- port; was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 5, 1842; he is the youngest son of Nathaniel H. and Eliza (Partridge) Stowe; in 1858, the family moved to Erie Co., Penn. ; in addition to his common school education, he attended for some time an academy in Waterford, Penn. ; he re- mained at home farming till he was 24 years of age; in 1868, he came west to Illinois and settled two miles north of Lockport, where he engaged in farming and the dairy business; this he followed six years; in 1874, he purchased the farm on which he now resides, being the west half of the southwest quarter of Sec. 17, Lockport Tp. He was married Oct. 26, 1865, to Laura Barnard, a native of New York; has two children — Frank J., born May 11, 1868; Howard D., born May 9, 1877 ; owns eighty acres, valued at $5,000. MRS. KATHARINE SANBORN, farming ; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., March 22, 1809 ; her maiden name was Smith. She was married Sept. 16, 1823, to Justin Taylor, a native of New York State ; he was born Oct. 25, 1801 ; in 1833, Mr. Taylor came West to prospect the country and returning East, in 1834, brought his family and erected a log cabin on the identical spot where the family residence now stands ; in 1833, he laid a claim of 500 acres, which he afterward purchased at the Government land sale in 1835; this he improved and occupied till the date of his decease, which occurred Nov. 14, 1847. From first wedlock, she had eight children — Harriet, Francis, Smith, Sacia, Grosvenor, Harry, Justin and James L.; of these, Harriet, Smith, Sacia and James L. are deceased. Four of her sons went forth to battle for their country's honor, and two of them rest from toil far down in the Sunny South. He second marriage, to William Sanborn, occurred July 4, 1850 ; one son, William, has been born to them, and still lives with his parents. Her first husband was pres- ent in Chicago at the treaty made with the Indians in 1 833. Mrs. Sanborn says she has seen 400 or 500 Indians at her house at one time, when on their way to the Far West. Mr. Taylor held the offices of Supervisor, School Trustee, School Dii;ector and various other offices. Owns 155 acres in Lockport Tp., valued at $9,000. GEORGE SPANGLER, farmer; P. 0. Lockport; was born in Center Co., Penn., May 18, 1826 ; he remained with his parents till about 19 years of age, en- gaged in farming ; in 1846, he left home and came to Germantown, Montgomery Co., Ohio, where he engaged in peddling pottery for a cousin, in whose employ he remained about two years. In 1848, he returned home, and May 17 of that year was married to Catharine Kopp, a native of Pennsylvania; as a result of this union, ten children have been born — George F. , Allie A., Wilson, Oliver Z., Elmore E., Howard, Agnes A., Mary C, Emma and Allie. Owns 400 acres of land in Lock- port Tp., worth $60 per acre ; his farms are well improved, and ornamented with good, substantial dwellings and barns. Most of his sons are married and started in life lor themselves. Mr. Spangler was not by any means wealthy when he came West, but, by industry and good manage- ment, he has reared his large family and secured a fine competency for them all ; he is recognized in his community as a very successful farmer. MRS. JACOB SMITH, farmer and fruit grower ; P. 0. Lockport. Mrs. Smith was born in Ripley, N. Y., Feb. 25, 1816; she is the daughter of Martin and Mar- garet (Sacia) Smith. She was married first to Almon Taylor, a native of Chenan- go, N. Y., Jan. 26, 1832. In the fall of 1835, she came with her husband to Illi- nois, and settled in Lockport Tp., Will Co., on the farm just north of that now owned by Patrick Fitzpatrick ; in 1850, Mr. Taylor went to California and engaged in mining ; while there, he met with a se vere accident, from the effiicts of which he died Oct. 31, 1850. Mrs. Taylor was married a second time, March 26, 1852, to Jacob Smith, a native of Tennessee ; 748 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; from first wedlock, four childron were born — Katie, Marcus M., Martiu S., Horace ! A. ; of these, Marcus and Martin are dead ; [ from second wedlock, she has two children j — George B. and Jennie L. Owns fifty acres in Lock port Tp., forty of which is set in fruit. Mrs. Smith has seen much of pioneer life in the West, and is one of the few that is loft who settled here in those early days. JULIUS SCHEIBE, dealer in boots and shoos, Lockport. To the handiwork of no one individual is Lockport more in- debted for her first-class buildini;s than to Mr. Scheibe. Under his immediate super- vision was erected the stone business houses of Messrs. Myers, Col. Martin, Lull & Lynd ; the M. E. Church, the brick business house of Dr. Bacon; in 1871, he built tlie Northwestern College, at Naper- ville. He was born iu Saxony, Germany, Jan. 20, 1828; immigrated to America in 1850, and first settled in Milwaukee, Wis.; in 1851, he came to Lockport, and worked a short time for Bobert Milne in the saw- mill; in the Fall of 1851, engaged at his trade, that of stone and brick mason ; was engaged on the work of deepening the canal in 1864 and 18G5 ; in the winter of 1873, engaged in the sale of boots and shoes bis present occupation. He was married in 185+, to Elizabeth Fickensher, a native of Germany ; has six i hildreii. The large and commodious stone school-building, an ornament to the city and a monument to the liberality and enterprise of its citi- zens, was erected by Mr. Scheibe ; this structure cost the district the snug sum of S-10,000. FJIED'K W. SCHOOP, M. D., physi- cian and surgeon, Lockport; Wis born in Mecklenburg, Germany, Feb. 20, 1849 ; his father's family immigrated to Amer- ica in 1852, and settled at Blue Island, 111. ; here he engaged in farming, but soon abandoned it and moved to Chicago, where he now resides engaged in the real estate business ; at the age of 12, young Schoop left home and engaged in various purajiits till he was 17, when he located at the Grand Crossing, near Chi- cago, and entered the employ of the I. C. R. R. Co., working at night and attending school during the day; in Juno, 1874, he graduated from the Englewood High School, and the following October, began a course of study in the Chicago Medical College, which he completed March 20, 1877 ; he entered upon the practice of his profession in Chicago, where he remained four months ; October 2, 1877, he located at Lockport. He was mai'ried March 27, 1878, to Ida 0. Johnson, a native of Illi- nois. Rep. ; Episcopalian. Dr. Schoop is the first German practitioner ever lo- cated in Lockport, and is rapidly building up a fine paying ])ractice ; being a thor- ough scholar and polished gentleman he is worthy the support and confidence of the people. F. F. STOWE, merchant, Lockport; was born in Jamestown, N. Y., July 11, 1834 ; his early life was such as is com- mon to most farmer's sons ; beginning in 1850, he attended the High School at Jamestown for three years completing, the course in 1854; soon after finishing his studies, he came West and settled, pur- chasing 240 acres in Clayton Co., Iowa, which he improved ; having sold out his farm, in 1856, he went to Ei'ie Co., Penn., and purchasing 100 acres, engaged in farming and the dairy business ; in 1869, he came to Lockport and engaged in his present business, that of the retail grocery trade. He was married Oct. 27, 1855, to Sophia F. Barnard, a native of New York State ; has three children — Fred W., Grace E. and Wayne B. Much of his early life was spent in teaching, thus ac- quiring means to complete his education. While a citizen of Erie Co., Penn., he served the county as Auditor for a term of three years ; he is at present a Justice of the Peace ; has held the oifice six years ; is Master of Lockport Lodge, A., F. & A. M., No. 538. His son, Fred W., con- ducts the news oflice of the city. JUSTIN TAYLOR, farmer; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in Lockport Town- ship, Will Co., Jan. 24, 1843 ; he is the son of Justin and Katharine (Smith) Tay- lor ; he has lived all his life on the farm on which he was born, excepting his tempo- rary absence in the army. He enlisted in the service Aug. 20, "1862, in Co. C, 100th Regiment, I. V. I. ; he remained in the service three and one-half years, and participated in the battles of Stone River and Chickamauga ; was in Sherman's cam- paign to Atlanta ; was also in the battle of Nashville and in the campaign of Gen. LOCKPORT TOWNSHIP. 749 Thomas ; he was niustoiv; from the army, he again en- caged in tiirining, and was married March 7, IStlCi, to Marian Stewart, a native of Illinois; she died in Nov. 1874; his sec- ond marriage, to Catharine Chajiin, a native of Michigan, was celeltratcd Aug. Ki, 187t) ; has two children from first wed- lock — Lizzie and Gracie. Owns 10(1 acres, valued at §!•,()(>(!. Tn cimnection with his farming, he keeps a large number of milcli cows and ships milk daily to Chicago ; he has been engaged in the milk trade for the past ten years. WILLIAM THOMAS, General Su- perintendent of the Illinios & Michigan I Canal, Lockport ; was born in Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y., Feb. 20, 1821 ; his opportunities for acquiring an education were limited ; at the age of 14, he came West to Michigan, engaging in various pursuits to obtain a livelihood ; m 1840, he returned to Western New York, and learned the trade of house carpentering ; here he remained till 1857, when he came West again to Lockport, 111., and served | four years as Master Mechanic on the i canal ; in 1862, he was appointed Assist- ant Superintendent, and placed in charge of the Western Division, with headquar- tors at Ottawa, La Salle Co. ; this position beheld till Dec. 1871 , when he was ap- j minted General Superintendent, with headquarters at Lockport, a position he at present holds. He was married Feb. 22, 1844, to Phebe D. Wilder, a native of New York ; has one child — Ella P., wife of Col. D. Hapeman, of Ottawa. Rep. ; Cong. Mr. Thomas is altogether a self-made man and has attained to his present important position through indus- try and correct business habits. STEPHEN J. WILLIAMS, farmer , and dairy ; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in j Dupage Township, Will Co., 111., Sept. 22, 1845 ; his literary attainments were so far advanced that at the early age of 15 he entered Wheaton and completed the full course, graduating in the second class sent out from the Institution, in the sum- mer of 1863; in 1864, he went with the force sent out to survey the Union Pacific R. R., and accompanied it as far west a.s Salt Lake City ; here he left the force j and returning to Omaha, spent some time prospecting with a view to specuhiting in property ; in 1866, he returned home and engaged in farming and raising stock. He was married Feb. 14, 1866, to Mary E. Burns, a native of Grundy Co., 111. ; he lost his wife Jan. 22, 1876 ; has three children — James, Thomas C. and Maud C. Owns 2(115 acres in Lockport Town- ship. In addition to his farming opera- tions, he keeps on hand about eighty milch cows ; at present he is milking 47 cows and ships the milk daily to Chicago ; this he finds more lucrative than raising grain at present low rates. GEORGE WIGHTMAN, farmer; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y., Sej.t. 15, 1821 ; at the age of 12 years, he came West with the family ; his father settled on the Au Sable in La Salle Co. (now Kendall); here they re- mained tAvo years ; then moved to Plain- field T}»., and at the end of two years moved to Wheatland Tp., where they re- mained until 1868, when they located in Dupage Tp., where his father now re- sides, at the advanced age of 78 years. George remained at home till 20 years of age. He was married Sept. 18, 1850, to Susan E. Sisson, daughter of Capt. Holder Sisson, one of the pioneer settlers of Will Co.; she was born June 7, 1831 ; after marriage he settled on his f;\rm in Wheat- land Tp., where he remained fifteen years ; in March. 1865, he moved to his present place of residence near Lockport ; twelve children have blessed their union ; ten — Annie B., Frank H., Josiah W., George S., Silas F., Clara S., Ella M., Mary P., Percy R., Clarence C. — are living; two — Holder J. and IlattieS.^ — are dead. Owns 250 acres in Lockport Tp., valued at $18,000. Has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, Constable, School Director, etc. Though bordering on threescore years, Mr. Wightman bids fair to be an active and useful member uf society for many years to come. G. H. WEEKS, Foreman lumber yard, Lockport; was born in Homer Tp., W^ill Co., 111., March 10, 1S30; his father was among the earliest settlers of the county, having come to Illinois in June, 1833 ; although a successful practiti()ner of the healing art, he purchased a farm, on which he remained until 1843 or 1844, when he removed to the village of Lockport, and 750 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: devoted himself alt()2:ether to his profession. At the age of 10, George began the trade of painting, which he followed about four years ; in 1850, he bought a boat and en- gaged in boating on the canal from Lock- port to various points ; in 1804, he left oiF boating, and engaged in various pursuits until June 17, 1808, when he entered the employ of Gaylord & Co. as Foreman in their lumber yard. He was married June 3, 1801, to Ellen Morgan, a native of Newark, 111.; has three children — Arthur, Ida, George. MICHAEL WALTER, grocery mer- chant, Lockport ; was born in Kleinuelz- heim, Germany, Dec. 0, 1838; in 1851, came to America, and settled in Geneva, Kane Co.; in 1853, engaged in learning the .shoemaker's trade at St. Charles ; in the winter of 1855, worked at his trade in Batavia ; next to Dixon, Lee Co., a short time, and in August, 1850, came to Lockport, followed his trade a short time, and then entered the employ of J. S. Finch, as clerk in, his grocery store ; was in his employ one year, and then clerked in the clothing store of N. S. Raiferty six months ; he opened out a saloon for him- self, but not liking the business, sold out in 1859, and went to Pike's Peak ; in- vested all his funds in a sluice, and after one month's labor had as a reward for capi- tal and toil invested, a goose-quill of gold, valued at 40 cents ; returned to Lockport, and worked at his trade again, April 15, 1861; enlisted in Capt. Hawley's Battery ; three month's service; Aug. 31, re-en- listed in the three years' service in Capt. Dressers' Battery ; was mustered out Oct. 5, 1804 ; participated in the battles of Forts Henry and Donelson, in the battle of Shiloh and the siege of Corinth ; in the spring of 1805, he engaged in the grocery trade with his brother ; in a short time his brother retired, and the firm of Walter & Bohle was formed ; in 1872, he started in the dry goods business alone, and failed in October, 1873; in the spring of 1874, went to Lemont and superintended a gen- eral merchandise store for J. A. Boyer ; May 22, 1875, opened out his present grocery -store in Lockport. Was married Oct. 10, 1805, to iMargarct Pitts, a native of Germany ; has eight cliildren. JOHN H. WEEKS, carriage painting and trimming, Lockport; was l)orn in Monroe Co., N. Y.,Feb. 13, 1830 ; in the Spring of 1833, his father's family came West and settled in what is now Homer Tp., Will Co.; in 1843, the family moved into the town of Lockport; in 1847, John H. engaged in learning the trade of harness making with his brother, Judge C. H. Weeks, now of Joliet ; in 1858, he quit the harness trade; Sept. 1, 1801, he went into the United States service as assistant leader of the military band of the 19th Regt., 111. V. I.; he was mustered out March 18, 1862; during almost the entire term of service, he acted in the capacity of leader; in 1803, he commenced the trade of carriage painting and trimming with his present employer, H. Norton. He was married in 1852 to Maria Le Valley, a native of Lockport, Niagara Co., N. Y.; has had two sons — Frank (dead) and Edwin L., who at present is engaged in the same business with his father. ROBERT WHITLEY, Foreman Nor- ton & Co.'s mills, Lockport; born in the town of Wakefield, Yorkshire, Eng., in November, 1831; he immigrated to America in 1854, and first settled in Oswego, on Fox River, where he engaged in milling nine and a half years ; in 1804, he went to Chicago and remained a short time ; in the latter part ot the same year, went to Plain- field, Will Co., where he remained until the summer of 1806, when he came to Lockport and entered the employ of Nor- ton & Co. ; in 1871, went to Chicago and remained until after the great fire, \Fhen he returned to Lockport, his present home. Owns 120 acres of land in Lockport Tp., known as the Frasier Farm. Mr. Whitley is thoroughly posted in everything pertain- ing to first-class milling, and is an import- ant factor in the directing and working force of Norton & Co. SAMUEL WILMOT, Supt. Lockport Paper Co., Lockport ; born in Manchester, Eng., May 10, 1831 ; he immigrated to America June 5, 1851, landing in New York July 12 ; he first settled in Fitch- burg, Mass., and engaged in running the machiner}' in the Stone Mills, now owned by Burbanks & Crocker; here he remained six months ; thence to Pepperell, Mass., two years ; next to Manchester, N. H. ; thence to Lawrence, Mass. ; thence to Portland, Me, ; thence to Windsor Locks, Conn. ; thence to Rainbow, in the same REKD TOWNSHIP. 751 ■^ate ; leaving the East, his next move was to Haiuilton, Ohio, :ind from there to Cincinnati; in the twohist-mentioned places, ho tarried ahout ten years ; in May, 1872, lie located in Lockport, his family follow- ini,' about a year later. He was married June IS, 1852, to Justina Monning, a native of Virginia; has three children — Adelaid, Vaucino and Justice. His entire life so far has been sjient in connection with paper manufacturintr establishments. ADOLPHUS YOUKER, dealer in agricultural implcMuents, Lockport ; was born near Ogdensburi^, Canada, Oct. 20, 1882; May 24, 1857, he left Canada, going to St. Paul, Minn., where he stopped a short time ; thence to Rockford, where he engaged in carpentering a short time ; in the fall of the same year, came to Stony Creek, Mich., taking charge of a saw-mill for one year ; July 17, 1858, ho came to Lockport, 111., and entered the employ of Norton & Co. ; in 1859, he engaged in the business of underground ditching, and fol- lowed it two years ; in 18(51, came again into the employ of Norton & Co. ; in 1871, was employed in carpentering for the State in the yards at Lockport ; in 1875, went to Chicago and run a meat market and vegetable store one year ; in 1876, he, in company with Ira Williams, began the sale of agricultural implements. He was mar- ried'Sept. 12, 1859, to Mary M. Reinhart, a native of New York State ; has had two children — Eliza Elnora and Geory;e Ed ward, both deceased. Owns 160 land in Kansas. acres of REED TOWNSHIP. PETER RARR, merchant, Braidwood ; was born in Renfrewshire. Scotland, Oct. 2t», 18-40, and is the .son of Daniel and ^largaret (Hercules) Barr, of Scotland. His father was a miner ; died February, 1851). Mr. Barr, at 8 years of age com- menced working in the coal mines ; in 1865, he emigrated to America, and landed in New York City ; came direct to Braid- wood, Will Co., 111., and entered the coal mines; followed mining until 1871; he then entered the saloon business ; to-day owns one of the best drug stores in Braid- wood, which business he commenced in 1878. Mr. Barr is one of the prominent business men of Braidwood. Is one of the City Aldermen. Is a Republican in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion. Married in 1860, to Miss Jennie Stell, of Ayrshire, Scotland (the home of Robert Burns); six children. Mr. Barr's mother is living in Scotland. JOHN B. BACKUS, M D., Braid- wood ; the subject of this sketch is one of the most prominent physicians of Will 'Co.; was born in Ontario, Canada, April 29, 1845 ; his jiarciits are John A. and Sarah M. (Bostwick ) Backus. His father was educated for a lawyer, but was a retired gentleman. Dr. Backus received a grammar school education in Canada ; he received his medical diploma at McGills Medica University of Montreal, Canada, also re- ceived a second diploma from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Ontario, Can. ; he practiced medicine one year in Canada, and in 1871, he came to Braidwood and commenced the practice of medicine here ; he has been very successful, having received a very large practice. Dr. Backus has been married twice. Is a member of the Epis- copal Church. H. W. BLOOD, manufacturer of soda and mineral water, Braidwood ; was born in Erie Co., N. Y., Nov. 27, 1842; came West in 1863 ; farming for two years ; he then entered the bottling house of J. D. Page, of Joliet, 111., and remained there some two years ; he then went to Wilming- ton ; here he purchased a half interest in the manufacture of mineral water, in com- pany with J. D. Page ; also engaged in the ice business ; he then purchased entire control of the manufactory in 1870 ; in 1873, he came to Braidwood and started the present manufactory, which to-day is one of the most complete in this vicinity. His many ingenious inventions have ren- dered the employment of a large number of men unnecessary, and with but few men, Mr. Blood can turn out of his establish- ment an equal (quantity of goods, with firms 752 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: who employ a ftvr greater number of per- sons. Thus it will be seen that with the obviation of so much expense in his course of manufacturing, Mr. Blood is enabled to sell his goods cheaper than any other firm, and at the same time give the purchaser as fine a quality of goods as can be found in the country. The building is 24x50, two stories high ; capacity of 200 boxes per day ; employ three hands ; two two-horse wagons find sales for goods in Braidwood and towns in this vicinity. Mr Blood manxifactures soda and mineral water, bottled lager beer, ale, porter, cider and spruce beer. He was married in 1861, to Miss Francis Quackenbush of Illinois ; seven children. IRVING BARKER, foundry. Braid- wood, of the firm of I. Barker & Co., foun- dry ; this popular firm has been established in the city of Braidwood since 1873, and in that time, the superior quality of their work, coupled with their honest transact- tions, has lifted them to the front, as first- class manufacturers ; bo^h are gentlemen of long experience, and thoroughly practi- cal in the knowledge of all its details ; Mr. Irving Barker was born June 11, 1847 ; his father, Jas. M. Barker, with family, settled in Will Co., in 1849 ; when Mr. Barker was 17 years old, he commenced to learn the blacksmith trade, and worked at this trade for four years ; he then en- tered the foundry business with Wm. Mc- intosh, at Wilming-ton, Will Co.; he then entered partnership in company Russell, Barker & Co., of Wilmington; firm changed to I. Barker & Co.; his brother, Orsen Bar- ker, forms the company, is a native of Michi- gan ; was born in November, 1844 ; these gentlemen came to Braidwood in December, 1873, and conmaenced business by erecting the present foundry ; the machine depart- rnent is 22x30, two stories high ; the molding department i.s 22x50 ; they make a specialty of manufacturing coal mine supplies and stove castings which they find sales for in the vicinity of Braidwood. Mr. Irving Barker has applied for a patent on a hand lawn mover which eclipses anything of the kind now in the market, is much lighter, cheaper, and can guage it to cut the grass at any height. JOHN BAMRICK, .saloon, Braid- wood; this gentleman was born in Queen's County, Ireland, May 18, 1847, and his parents are John and Ann Bamrick, of Ireland ; his fither was engaged in the mining business, and when Mr. Bamrick was but 1 years of age, he commenced the mining business, and in 1868, he emigrated to America and landed in New York City, from there he came direct West to Illinois, and settled in Braidwood ; here he com- menced mining, and engaged in this busi- ness until he met with a very unfortunate accident in Sept., 1872, by the steam cars running over and cutting off his left arm ; he then entered the saloon business which he has followed ever since. In April, '78. was elected Town Clerk of Reed Town- ship, by the National Greenback party. Mr. B. is a strong National Grcenbacker, and has been ever since the Peter Cooper movement originated. Married in 1867 to Miss Sarah Mulligan of Ireland ; have had five children, three living. Is a mem- ber of the Catholic Church. JAMES BRAIDWOOD, proprietor of the Braidwood coal mines, Braidwood. The subject of this sketch is the founder of the city of Braidwood, which was named by Mr. John H. Daniel, Braidwood in honor of Mr. James Braidwood, who claims that he built the first house in Braidwood, had the first house to burn, sunk the first coal shaft in Braidwood, his wife had the first child born and the first child to die in Braidwood. Mr. Braidwood was born in Scotland March 1, 1831, and is the son of James and Ellen ( Hercules) Braidwood, of Scotland ; his father was engaged in the mining business, and when Mr. Braidwood was but 9 years of age he commenced coal mining ; he then worked at machinery and boiler mak- ing ; was four years engineer on a steam- ship ; shipwrecked twice ; two years with the East India Company ; in Oct., 1863, he landed in America, at New York City ; went to Middlesex, Penn.; here but a short time ; he then came West, to Illinois and settled in Belleville ; then to Danville, and in Aug., 1865, came to Braidwood; here he set out in coal mining, in working for the Chicago & Wilmington Coal Co.; was in the company that sunk the Eagle Shaft, near the depot, in 1 869 ; he went to Cham- paign Co., 111., and was engaged there in sinking a shaft for coal ; after working for six months, abandoned without finding any coal ; he lost $6,000 cash ; he returned to Braidwood and commenced the coal busi- REED TOWNSHIP. 753 ness on . the present shaft he now runs, 1 wliidi he has* hcon very successful in ; when 3Ir. Braidwood came to America, he wa.s financially very poor, but with hard labor- and good management, to-day he ranks as one of the successful miners ttf Hraidwood. Married in 18o-4, to Miss Ellen Ralston, by whom he has had twelve children, eight living; his oldest son, James, at 17 years of age, July 16, 1871, was struck by lightning and instantly killed. Mr. B. is a Republican in politics and a Presbyterian in religion. ROBERT BURT, saloon, Braidwood; was born in Lanark.^hire, Scotland, Nov. 15, 1833 ; son of Peter and Christina (Hay) Burt, of Scotland; father was a miner ; Mr. Burt, at the age of 9 years, j commenced working in the mines, and fol- lowed this business for over twenty-seven years ; in 1858, he emigrated to America, and landed in New York City ; thence to the coal fields of Pennsylvania, and<3ngaged in mining until 18G0 ; on account of his health, he returned to Scotland ; returned to America in 1860; in Pennsylvania nine weeks ; thence to Braidwood ; here he com- menced mininii;, and followed this until 1870; he entered the restaurant business and followed this for two years ; then in the saloon business ; to-day owns one of the best and most orderly sample rooms in this vicinity. Married in 1860, to Miss Sarah Carrigan, of Scotland, by whom he has three children. JOHN R. BRAIDWOOD, Secretary and Manager Braidwood Coal Co., Braid- wood; was born in Elderslie, Scotland, March 29,1855, and is the son ot James and Ellen Braidwood. Mr. Braidwood at 10 years of au:e, entered the coal mines and has been engaged in the coal business ever I -ince; in August, 1865, he emigrated to America and settled in Braidwood ; here he has remained ever since. Married in 1877 to Miss Hamilton, of Scotland. W. P. BARKER, foundryman, Wil- mington ; is a brother of 1. Barker k Co., foundrymen, and is engaged in work- ing in the molding department ; was born in November, 1837. Participated in the late war; enlisted in Co. A, lOOth 111. V. I., for three years or during the war ; was taken prisoner at the battle of Chicka- mauga ; was paroled, and finally mustered out in June, 1864. | JOHN BROADBENT, hotel, Braid- wood ; was born in Yorkshire, F]ngland, Dec. 12, 1833, and is the son of Wiliiara and Sarah Broadbent. Mr. Broadbent emigrated to America in 1856. He mar- ried Miss Jane Crepps of England; after marriage, made his residence in Morris, Grundy Co., 111.; from there he came tf> Braidwood in 1870. In 1871, erected the present hotel ; this business he has been engaged in ever since. The Braidwood House, very conveniently located, being adjacent to the depot, is a first-class hotel. THOMAS CONNOR, butcher, Braid- wood; was born in Ireland May 8, 1838, and is the son of Thomas and Bridget (Walder) Connor of Ireland ;his father was a farmer, died when Mr. Connor was young; his mother then married Patrick Carroll. In 18-t7, emigrated to Quebec, Canada, then to Vermont ; here Mr. Con- nor was engaged in working on a railroad, and in 18-48, came West to Illinois, and settled in Joliet ; here he was engaged in working in a woolen factory, then as a driver on a canal boat six years, then station agent for the canal company three years ; from here he went to coal digging in dif- fei-ent parts of Will and Grundy Counties ; in 1866, he settled down, and commenced f\irming and butchering, known as the Con- nor Brothers, who are the oldest butchers at the business in Braidwood; his mother is still living on the old homestead. Mr. Connor has held several offices of public trust. Is liberal in his politics, and is a a member of tha Roman Catholic Church. He came to America a poor boy, and with hard labor, good management, is one of the successful men of Braidwood ; owns 800 acres of land. < WILLIAM CARLISLE, bakery, Braid- wood ; thesubject of this sketch is the oldest baker in Braidwood ; born in England ; his father, Wm. Carlisle, died when Mr. Carlisle was very young; here he started out in the world a poor boy ; learned his trade, bak- ing, in England, and this business he has followed throughout life; in 1862, he emi- grated to Canada, and remained there about two years. While in Canada, he was married in 1863. to Miss Mary Gibson, of Canada. In 1864, he came to Illinois and settled at Chicago ; from there he came to Will Co., and first stopped in Wil- mington, and then went to Braidwood ; in 754 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1873, he first commenced business of his own ; here he was very successful until May 2G, 1877, his bakery was destroyed by fire ; he rebuilt, and to-day owns the most complete bakery in Braidwood. Mr. Carlisle is a prominent Odd Fellow, and a member of the Episcopal Church. JOSEPH DONNELLY, merchant, Braidwood ; born in Durham Co., England, March 19, 1852, and is the sou of Mat- thew and Mary Ann (Hull ) Donnelly, of England ; his father was a dry goods mer- chant here ; with his father, Mr. Donnelly was engaged in clerking in the dry goods store, and in 1871, emio;rated to America, and landed in New York. City ; came di- rect to Will Co., 111., and settled at Braid- wood ; when Mr. Donnelly first came here, he was engaged as clerk in a store, and continued in this business until 1877 ; he then purchased the store he now owns, and commenced busine.ss on his own account ; ranks to-day as one of the leading mer- chants of Braidwood. He was married in 187J:, to Miss Mary Dwyer, daughter of Patrick and Bridget Dwye'r. who were among the first settlers of Reed Tp. PATRICK DWYER, farmer; P. 0. Braidwood ; the subject of this sketch is the oldest settler now living in Reed Tp., was born in Tipperary Co., Ireland, March 17, 1828, and is the son of James and Catherine (Gary ) Dwyer, of Ireland ; father was a carpenter and wagon maker by trade, living on a farm here. Mr. Dwyer commenced life by farming ; in 1840, he emigrated to America and landed in New York ; then to Susquehanna Co., Penn.,and engaged in farming about eight years ; iu 1848, came West to Illinois and settled in Wilmington, Will Co.; in 1850, he came to Reed Tp., and settled on the place he now lives on ; he first purchased 1 20 acres at $3 per acre ; he made all im- provements on his place ; when he first came here, the country was very wild, plenty of wild game, deer and wolves in abundance. Mr. Dwyer has held several ofiices of trust in bis township. Married November, 1851, to Miss Bridget Clark, of Ireland ; Beven children. Mr. D. is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Catholic Church. He owns 232 acres of fine, im- proved land, made by hard labor, industry and good management ; his father died in 1852, at 60 years of age ; his mother is now living on the farm at the good old age of 76. L. H. GOODRICH, merchant, Braid- wood ; the subject of this sketch is proba- bly one of the best known and highly re- garded business men of Will Co.; was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., July 26, 1834, and is the son of Elozur Goodrich, of Con- necticut, and Hannah (Way) Goodrich, of New York ; his father was a carpenter and joiner by trade, living on a farm ; here Mr. Goodrich spent his childhood and early youth, working on the farm from tlie time he was able to handle the plow, and in winter gathering instruction from the dis- trict schools ; at 17, he commenced teach- ing school and has taught twenty-one terms in New York and Illinois. In the fall of 1855, he came West and made his home in Grundy Co., 111.; here and in other parts of the State he was engaged in teach- ing school ; also in the fruit business. In 1860, he married Miss Annie J. Wheeler, of Pennsylvania. After marrying, he taught school about one year ; he then purchased a farm in Grundy Co. and com- menced farming, and continued in this busi- ness for eight years ; then to Gardner, 111., and was Superintendent of a coal shaft for six years. While Mr. Goodrich was in Grundy Co., he held several offices of pub- lic trust ; was Justice of the Peace eight years, and Supervisor six years. In 18 — , he came to Braidwood and entered the mercantile business, which business he has followed ever since. Mr. Goodrich took a very active part in getting the city of Braidwood incorporated, and was elected the first Mayor of the city in 1873, and re-elected to same oflBce. In 1875, he was nominated by the Republican party for Representative of the 15th District, and was elected to same office, and in 1876, was re-elected ; during his time in public office, from liis office as Justice of the Peace in Grundy Co., to a Representative of the 15th District, he has given entire satisfaction, having proven himself a gen- tleman of acknowledged ability, whose duties have been performed in a faithful manner. Mr. Goodrich is a Republican in politics and a member of the M. E. Church, which Church he has been a prominent member for the past fifteen years ; is Superintendent of the Sunday school. IIKED TOWNSHIP. 755 Mr. Goodrich ranks as one of the success- ful business men of Will Co. J. & J. IIYND, conlectionery and stationery, Braidwood. These guntleiuen commenced bu.siness in Braidwood in the spriiii^ of 1877 ; both were born in Scot- land ; James, born October, ISoS, and John, born in 1857 ; are the sons of John and Margaret ( MeKinley ) Hynd, of Scot- land ; their father died when they were very young. Messrs. Hynds have fol- lowed mining principally throughout life ; in 18G8, they emigrated to America; came direct to Illinoi.s anil settled in Morris, Grundy Co., and remained there, engaged in mining until 1871 ; they then came to Braidwood ; here engaged in mining ; in 1877. James retired from the mines, and in partnership with his brother John, entered the confectionery and stationery business ; they own to-day one of the largest and best assorted stocks of confectionery and stationery in Braidwood. THOMAS HENNEBRY, boots and shoes, Braidwood ; was born in Ireland in 1845 ; hi^ parents are James and Ellen (Kennyl Hennebry, of Ireland; his father was a farmer ; emigrated to America in April, 18-18, and settled in Du Page Co., 111. ; here Mr. Hennebry remained on the farm until the breaking-out of the late war ; he enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, as private in Co. C, 90th I. V. I., for three years ; participated in some of the hard-fought battles during the war under Gens. Grant and Sherman — Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Sherman's march to the sea, through the swamps of the Carolinas to Washington, on the grand review; wa.s mustered out as Corporal June 5, 1865 ; returned to the farm in Du Page Co.; in 1869, went to Wilmington, Will Co., in the mercantile business with Richard Baskerville — " Baskcrville & Hennebry ;" then, in 1872, came to Braidwood; entered the boot and shoe business with C. O'Don- nell— " Hennebry & O'Donnell ;" then with John Handlon — " Hennebry & Hand- Ion ;" to-day he owns one of the best boot and shoe stores in Braidwood. Was elected Supervisor of Reed Tp. in 1871-5; this office he filled with honor and satisfac- tion. Is a Democrat in politics ; Catholic in religion. Married in 1875 to Miss Kate Keane, whose parents are among the first settlers of Reed Tp. ; one child. ESAIAS HALL, Superintendent of the Chicago it Wilmington Coal Co., Braid- wood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Rutland Co,, Vt., Sept. 6, 1822, and is the son of Gen. Robinson Hall, of Ver- mont, who was a prominent military man; his mother, Sarah (Munsonj Hall, of Con- necticut ; his father was owner of a farm here. Mr. Hall was engaged in farming until he was 30 years of age ; he then entered the mercantile business, and con- tinued in this business until 1865 ; in 1806, he came West to Illinois and settled in Wilmington ; he first worked for the Hill & St. Clair Coal Company for two years ; since 1868, has been engaged with the Chicago & Wilmington Coal Company ; he first was engaged as a traveling agent, and in March, 1874, was appointed Super- intendent of the company. The Chicago & Wilmington Coal Company is one of the largest coal companies in the West ; this company has worked and partially aban- doned eight coal shafts ; now engaged in running two shafts. G. & H. employ 700 men ; capacity, 1 50 cars per day, twelve tons to a car. Mr. Hall has been married twice ; his first wife was Miss Louisa Dan- forth, of Vermont; his second wife, Eliza- beth S. Cogdon, of Vermont ; have one child. In 1871, Mr. Hall moved to Chi- cago ; here he has been residing ever since. Member of the Congregational Church, and a Republican in politics. ROBERT HUSTON, merchant, Braid- wood ; was born in New York City, Aug. 7, 1844, and is the son of Robert and EUzabeth (^Shawj Huston, of Ireland; his father was a weaver by trade, having emi- . grated to America about 1832. Mr. Hus- ton, when he was very young (1850), with his parents came West to Illinios, and settled in Grundy Co., here he was engaged on his father's farm at the breaking-out of the late war. In 1862, he enlisted as private in Co. I, 58th I. V. I., for three years or during the war. Participated in some of the hard fought battles ; at the battles of Fort Donelson, Tenn., and Pittsburg Landing, April 6, 1862 ; here he was taken prisoner and taken South as a prisoner ; was paroled, returned to his regiment, and at the battle of Yellow Bayou, La., 1863, he received a severe gunshot wound which caused the loss of his leg ; he was sent to the Hospital , at St. Louis, and in 1864, was discharged, 756 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : returned home to Grundy Co., and engaged in teaching school ; in 1870, he entered the mercantile business in Braidwood, and has continued in this business ever since. Married in 1872 to Miss E. A. Blanchard. of Will Co., 111., whose parents were among the early settlers of Will Co. ; they have two children. When Mr. Huston first came to Braidwood he was worth $54 ; he was enmired at the coal mines in weigh- ing coal and speculating ; he managed to save enough capital to start in the mercan- tile business; to-day he ranks as one of the t^uccessful merchants of Braidwood. Is a Republican in politics. JOHN JAMES, coal office, Braidwood; was born in Scotland, and is the son of John and Mary (Law) James, of Scotland ; father was a miner ; when Mr. James was about 9 years of age, he entered tlie coal mines, and has principally followed coal raining through life ; in 1865, emigrated to America to Mercer Co., Penn., mining about one and a half years; thence to Braidwood in the fall of 1867 ; mined until 1869 ; then in the mercantile busi- ness until 1873 ; thence to Cleveland three years, returned to Braidwood, and is now engaged in the company's coal office. Mr. James is a National Greenback man in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian Church, and was married in 186-4, to Miss Agnes Campbell, of Scotland, by whom he has four children. ROBERT JAMES, insurance agent, Braidwood ; this gentleman was born in Scotland, in 1851 , and is the son of John and Mary (Law) James, of Scotland. His father was a miner. Mr. James in 1868, emigra- ted to America; came direct to Illinois, and settled in Braidwood ; here he was first engaged in working in the coal mines. He received a full business college education in Cleveland, Ohio ; in 1874, returned to Braidwood, and entered the insurance busi- ness this business he has been in ever since ; is agent for some of the most reli- able insurance States. JAMES KAIN, saloon, Braidwood; the subject of this sketch was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 24, 1819, and is the son of John and Rebecca (McMurray ) Kain. His father, a native of Ireland, and mother of Scotland. Mr. Kain at 9 years of age, commenced working in the companies in the United coal mines, and engaged at this business while in Scotland; in 1851, he emigrated to America, and landed in New York City ; then to the coal fields of Maryland ; thence to Ohio ; here he remained about two years engaged in coal mining, and in 1853, he returned to Scotland ; here he remained until 1862, when he returned to America, and went to the coal fields of Pennsylvania ; he remained there three years ; then went to Illinois in 1866, and was at one time, General Ujiderground Manager for the coal mines of the C. & W. Coal Co. In 1875, Mr. Kain commenced the saloon business. In 1876, he started his two sons, John and Joseph, in the livery and furni- ture business, known as Kain Bros. ; these gentlemen have a large, first class stock of furniture ; also their livery cannot be beat in larger cities for fine turnouts. Mr. Kain came to America a poor boy, worked hard in the coal mines ; saved money ; in- vested and managed successfully, and to- day ranks as one of the successful business men of Braidwood. Married twice, first wife, May, 1842, who died Dec. 6,1852; married second wife, Sept., 1853, Miss Agnes Woods Patterson, Ayreshire, Scotland. Mr. Kain is liberal in politics, and a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. TIMOTHY KEANE, farmer; P. 0. Braidwood ; this 2;entleman was born in Ireland about 1818, and is the son of James and Catherine (Murphy) Keane, of Ireland. His father was a farmer.. Mr. Keane at 1 7 years old commenced to learn the shoe- making trade; this he followed for over twenty years. In 1847, he emigrated to America, and landed in New York City ; then West to Illinois, and settled in Ottawa, La Salle Co., and remained here for about five years ; then to Grundy Co., 111., and commenced farming, and remained there until 1856, when he came to Will Co., and settled on the place he now lives on ; he made all the improvements, building house, planting trees. He at one time cut hay off the land that the city of Braidwood now occupies. When he first came here, he purchased eighty -five acres, at $16 per acre. Owns 205 acres of fine improved land. Commenced life a poor boy ; worked hard, and to-day is one of the succes.sful farmers of Reed To. Married to Miss Mary Daulton, of Ireland, who died on the old homestead in 1873; ten chil- REED TOWNSHIP. 757 dien. Mr. Keano is a member of the ' Catholic Church. HENRY LeCARON, M. D., drug store, Br.iidwood. The subject of this sketch is one of the most prominent men of Reed Towiiship ; was born in France Sept. 20, ISo'.l, and is the son of Francis V. LeCaron, who was a specuhitor and money broker. Dr. LeCaron remained in France until the breakiusjj-out of the late war; he then, with the intention of enlist- ing in the Union army, emigrated to America Aug. 20, 18()1. He first enlisted in the body guard of Maj. Anderson; was also body guard of G-en. Buel ; in 1862, he enlisted as Sergeant in the 15th Penn. Calvary, and participated in some of the most prominent battles — Antietam, Stone River, Chickamauga ; in July, 1864, was coTumissioned as 2d Lieutenant in the Reg- ular U. S. A., loth Regiment ; was wounded , in the side in a skirmish in Tennessee ; j was mustered out as 1st Lieutenant in March, 1866 ; was with Gen. O'Neal's Canada movement in 1866. He then came to Illinois, and settled in Lockport, Will County ; here he was engaged in the flour-mills of Norton & Co. In 1870, was a participant in the great Fenian movement. In 1868-69, attended the Rush Medical College, of Chicago; in 1872, graduated in the Detroit Medical College, of Detroit, Mich. He then came to Will Comity, and has engaged in the practice of medicine ever since ; in 1873, came to Braidwood. Was Supervisor of Reed Township in 1875. Democrat in politics ; was in August, 1878, nominated by the Democratic party for Representa- tive. Dr. LeCaron married in 1864 to Miss Nannie J. M(!lvin, of Nashville, Tenn., by whom he has four children. DAVID MORIS, dry goods merchant, Braidwood ; the subject of this sketch is one of the prominent merchants of Braidwood ; was born in North Wales in March, 1832, and is the son of Robert and Kittie Arther V Williams) Moris ; his father was a coal mine manager ; when Mr. Moris was but 9 years of age, he entered the coal mines and engaged in mining while in North Wales; June 25, 1860, in company with Thomas Radford, left Liverpool for Amer- ica ; landed in New York City ; his first work in America was on Monongahela River, in mining coaF one season ; then to Palestine, Ohio; thence to Illinois, to La Salle County; thence to Morris, Grundy County ; was engaged by Nicholas Cotto" in the coal mining busii^ess ; he leased, for ten years, a piece of coal land ; here he sunk the first coal .shaft on the C, A. & St. L. R. R., located near Braccville sta- tion ; he then was engaged by a company to sink two shafts ; one of them was in Reed Township, Will County, and was the first coal shafi sunk in Reed Township ; was engaged in overseeing the Braceville, coal shaft ; he then entered a mining com- pany composed of miners, known as the Joint Stock Coal Mining Company of Gardner. This company was engaged in sinking a coal shaft at Gardner; struck a large flow of water. After spending $25,000, they abandoned it. He then returned to Braceville ; thence with Odell & Cady, drilling for coal ; Mr. Moris is one of the oldest and best posted coal miners in this vicinity; Nov. 10, 1873, he entered the dry goods business ; this busi- ness he has followed ever since. Married Jan. 18, 1862, to Miss Eliza Jane Murphy, of New York, by whom he has had six children, two living. Father died in 1867 ; mother lives in North Wales. IRA R. MARSH, merchant, Braid- wood; was born in Attica, N. Y'., June 22, 1843, and is the son of J. Wells and Laura (Smith) Marsh; his father was engaged in the mercantile business, and died when Mr. Marsh was but one year old. Mr. Marsh's first business in life was workin" at bookbindin;od in I'aruiinti; here ; Mr. O'Don- nell was raised on his father's farm, and in 18(33, he emigrated to America, and landed in New York City ; came direct to Will Co., and ctimmeneed farming; theti in the coal-mines. Goose Lake ; thence to Keifers- ville ; here he remained until 1870 ; thence to Braidwood, and entered the mercantile business. Mr. O'Donnell has held several oflBces of public trust; that of Constable seven jcats, and Deputy Sheriff of Will Co. four years under George M. Arnold; these offices he has held in a creditable and efficient manner. Is a Democrat in politics, and is a very active worker; a member of the Catholic Church. Married Jan. 11, 1872, to Miss Margaret Leo, by whom they have had five children — four living. FRANK T. O'REILLY, farmer ; P.O. Braidwood ; was born in Meath Co., Ireland, May 1820, and is the son of Michael and Rose (Tully) O'Reilly, of Ireland; his father was a blacksmith and a farmer; was raised on his father's fiirm ; at the age of 14 years, he was engaged in driving a dray between Kells and Dublin, and engaged at this business until he emigrated to America, in 184:7, with his mother and children ; his father died when he was about 9 years of age ; landed in New l^'ork City ; they then went to Somerset Co., N. J.; here ' he was engaged in working in the copper- mines eighteen months ; then to Newark, N. J., and worked in chemical factory about one year; then to the city of New York, where he was engaged in driving a team for a sugar refinery ; at this business four years ; then purchased a horse and dray, and was drayman in New York two years ; then with the family they emi- grated to Illinois, and settled in Will Co., Reed Tp., on the farm they now own, in July, 1855; first purchased 200 acres at 8(); Edna L., born Nov. 4, 180L!; Wallace L., born Aug. 9, 18G6; Frank L., born May 4, 1868, and Henry B., born Nov. 27, 1875; one dead — Emerson W., born Aug. 31, 1S5C), imitate his forefathers in the late re- bellion, but the Union army had his hearty sympathy, and his sons, although they did not enlist, aided with their means the fam- ilies of those who did enter the service. In politics, he has been an unswerving Re- publican since the organization of the })arty. The success of the Roman Catho- lic Church in this country has given him much uneasiness. He has always been a warm advocate of free schools and of hav- ing the Bible read in them. Personally, Mr. Rowley is of a sympathetic nature, and clings with great tenacity to the be- liefs he has once espoused. His house was a home for itinerant Methodist preachers, and he has for forty years been a zealous member of that denomination. He is hale, hearty and temperate, and has the promise of many years of life. His sons are all married and settled in life, and he has a competence even in these depressing times, and an abiding faith in the future that it will be well with him. JOHN SUTTEN, farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in Hackonby, Lin- colnshire, P]ng., Sept. 21, 1819; he was engaged in farming up to the time of his coming to America, in 1854 ; he first stopped in Arnoldsville, Steuben Co., N. Y., eighteen months, when he came to Lockport ; in 1870, he settled upon the farm upon which he now resides. He married Mrs. Ruth Beals (widow of Eben- ezer Beals, of Cambridge, Eng.) in Lock- port on Nov. 20, 1870 ; she was born in Dit- ton, Cambridgeshire, Enu'., Dec. 24, 1814. GEORGE SPERRY,' farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in Rochester^ N. Y., April 27, 1826; he carried on ag- ricultural implements business two years, and taught school for three years in the State of New York ; in 1856, he came to this county, teaching school eight years during the winter months and farming during the summer ; in 1857, he came to the farm he now resides on. He enlisted as a private in 1862, in the 100th 111. V. I., serving two years, and was promoted to First Lieutenant 22d N. Y. Cav., serving as such six months, when he was promoted as Captain in the same regiment, and also served as Regimental Quarter«iaster, and subsequently, before being mustered out, as Brigade Quartermaster ; he was pro- moted to the rank of Major for service in the field in the capture of Early's army at Waynesboro, Va., and remained such until mustered out July 4, 1865 ; Mr. Sperry, during his term of service, was responsible for over one million and a half of Govern- ment projjerty, and, what very few offi- cers of our army can say, has certificates of non-indebtedness from every department of the Government from which he had drawn supplies, consisting of the Quartermaster's, Ordnance and Commissary. In 1873, he went to Kansas and took up a claim of 160 acres under the " Homestead Law." He married his first wife Miss Mary D. Cook (daughter of Hon. Bates Cook, for- mer Controller of the State of New York under the late Gov. DeWitt Clinton) in Lewiston, N. Y., July 6, 1851 ; she died in Henrietta, N. Y., April 6, 1853; he married his second wife, Mrs. Oliver Peck. April 5, 1857. HOMER TOWNSHIP 777 HON. AMOS SAVAGE, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. O. Lockport ; was born iu lloiuer Tp. June 18, 18!J(j, on the homestead "where his parents had settled in 18ii;:5; his educational advantaiics were limited, as was the case amuni; the early settlers in thb wilds of the West; the subject of this sketch taught district school from the age of ll> to li-1: during the wintoi- months, working upon the farm during the summer ; he was first elecU^d Supervisor in 1861, and resigned shortly afterward to enter the army as Second Lieutenant of the 3yth I. V. I., being afterward promoted to First Lieutenant, and then as Captain, serving three years and three months, until dis- charged on account of disability ; upon his return to the county he was again elected Supervisor, serving continuously until his election to the Legislature of Illinois iu the fall of 1872, serving one term of two years, upon which he was again elected Supervisor, serving up to 18715, when he was elected to the State Board of Equali- zation for the Seventh Congressional District for the term of four years. Mr. Savage has always been active iu politics, and has worked faithfully in whatever position he has been elected to fill to the best interests of the county. He married Miss Mary L. Slate (daughter of Asahel Slate, of (ieorgetown, S. C.), in Lemon t, Cook Co., Feb. 25, 1864 ; she was born in Georgetown, S. C, June 22, 1837; has five children — Helen E., born Dec. 8, 1864; Frank M., born July 19, 1867; John H., born June 25, 187U ; Willard A., born Sept. 14, 1872, and Mary A., born May 13, 1874. WILLIAM TILSY, farmer. Sec. 24; P. 0. Gooding's Grove ; was born in Mecklenburg, Gemiany, May 15, 1833; when he was 17 years of age, he came to America and worked on the canal, and afterward worked for many farmers in Will Co. — six years for A. B. Brooks ; he purchased his farm in 1856, and settled where he now lives in 1876 ; has been School Director six years. Married Miss Dora Holm, of Mecklenburg, Germany, in Chicago, Nov. 7, 1857 ; she was born Sept. 3, 1838; they have five children — Lewis, born Sept. 3, 1858; William, born May 3, 1862; Mary E., born Nov. 25, 1864; Henry, born Dec. 29, 1869, and Carrie, born Aug. 5, 1873. P. P. THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 2; P. O. Gooding's Grove; was born in Darien, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1834; hv. went with his parents to Naperville in June, 1835, and remained with them until the age of 12, wlien his mother died in December, 1846, and he was then thrown upon his own resources; at the age of 13, he drove >a notion wagon through Northern Illinois and Wisconsin ; at the age of 16, he worked in the lead mines near Mineral Point, and at various other jilaces, and smelted for Corwith & Co. at thc^ age of 19, after which he worked at the trade of car- penter and joiner up to the spring of 1S64 ; in May of the same year, he crossed the plains to Montana, mining and pros- pecting for five years; in December, 1868, he returned to Chicago, and, in February, 1869, purchased the farm upon which he now resides, containing 320 acres; has been School Director. Married Miss Mary Rogers, daughter of D. B. Rogers, of Lu- zerne Co., Penn., Dec. 30, 1870. MATHIAS WAGNER, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Gooding's Grove; was born in Rhenish Prussia, Germany, in October, 1822 ; he lived there until he was 3 years of age, when he came to this country in 1852 ; he first lived in Du Page Co., 111., three months, and then lived with Augustus Gooding about a year ; in the spring of 1854, he moved where bo now lives; he owns 138 acres. He married his first wife, Annie Piefer, of Rhenish Prussia, Germany, in 1852; she died in April, 1862 ; they had four children ; two died in infancy — Martin, born May 4, 1853; Mary, born in 1854, died the same year. He married Margaret Hermon, of Rhenish Prussia, in May, 1862; they have seven children — Mary, born Dec. 29, 1866; Katie, born June 28, 1867; Maria, born March 14, 1869; Lena, born June 24, 1871; Attila, born March 24, 1873; Su- sanna, born Nov. 28, 1874, and Pete, born July 30, 1878 ; two died — Margaret, in 1864, and an infant. ROBERT WHITE, flvrmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in Cambridge- shire, Eng., March 19, 1833; he came to America in 1854; he farmed up to his coming to this county ; he settled in Yankee Settlement Homer Township, the same year, and worked for Robert Bentley ; in 1865, he moved to Orland, Cook Co., 778 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 111., remainiug there seven years farming, when he returned to this township and settled where he now resides ; has fifty-one acres. He enlisted in Co. F, lOOth Reg- iment Til. luf , and served during the war, being mustered out with his regiment June 13, 1865 ; he wa.s wounded through the thighs at Keuesaw Mountain, on June 27, ISG-i. Has been School Director seven years. He married Mrs. Francis Vande- water (widow of Daniel Vandewater) in Homer Township, March 14, 1861 ; they have eight children, three by Mr. Vande- water-Hannah ( now Mrs. Martin O'Brien), born March 17, 1852; Sai'ah Jane, Sept. 3, 1855, and William D., Aug. 29, 1857; five by Mr. White — Robert J., born Dee. 31, 1861; John Thomas, Dec. 8, 1866; Elizabeth Ann, Jan. 25, 1869 ; Charles H., July 1, 1871, and George W. R., Nov. 29, 1873. NICHOLAS WELTER, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Gooding's Grove; was born in Moltzh, Rhenish Prussia, Germany, Nov. 16, 18il ; he lived there until he was 15 years old, when he came to America (1857) and first went to Chicago, staying there three or four years; in 186-J:, he came to Will County and settled upon his farm; in 1872, kept store at Gooding's Grove P. 0., and came to where he now lives the year after. Mamed Maggie Meyer, of Prussia, in Chicago, in January, 1862 ; she was born April 13, 1843; they had nine children — Katie, born Oct. 27, 1863; Lina, Oct. 13, 1864, died Aug. 11, 1865 ; Nicholas, born Nov. 15, 1866 ; Lizzie, Aug. 6, 1868; Mathew, Sept. 15, 1869, died in October, 1 874 ; Cecilia, born Jan. 25, 1872 ; Christian, May 4, 1873 ; Susie, Sept. 15, 1875, and Maggie, July 3, 1877. MATTHIAS ZIMMER, farmer. Sec. 12; P. O. Gooding's Grove; was born in Rhenish Prussia, Germany, July 16? 1832; he lived there twenty-five years farming; came to America in 1857, and first went to Chicago, and from there to Lake Tp., Cook Co., remaining fifteen years, and came from there to this county, and purchased the fai'ra he now resides on; farms 190 acres. He married Catharine Yeager, of Rhenish Prussia, Jan. 7, 1853; they had thirteen children — Nicholas, born Jan. 6, 1851; John, March 4, 1856; Anthony, July 17, 1858; xMatthias, Sept. 26, 1860; Mary, Oct. 26, 1862 ; Pete, Jan. 25, 1866; Kate March 19, 1868; Clara, June 29, 1872 ; Christoph, Jan. 25, 1875; Susanna, Jan. 20, 1876, and three dead — Matthias, died Jan. 1, 1849 ; Ange- line, Oct. 19, 1865 ; Cecilia, Feb. 26, 1870. NEW LENOX TOWNSHIP. ABEL BLISS, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. New Lenox ; was born in Hampden Co., Mass., Feb. 9, 1810; came to this State in 1837, and settled in New Lenox Tp., Will Co.; the township at that time was called Van Horn's Point, deriving its name from the point or stretch of timber running south from Hickory Creek, and at that time owned by Mr. Van Horn. Mr. Bliss was married May 6, 1840, to Mies Lucinda Blake ; she was born in Hampden Co., Ma.ss., Oct. 14, 1816; they have had seven children, three of whom are living — Harriet M., Abel, Jr. and Alice P.; 'de- ceased — Ellen J., William S., Mary B. and Josic. Mr. B.'s farm contains 500 acres, valued at S60 per acre. MRS. ANN BROADIE, farmer; P. 0. New Lenox; one of our earliest set- tlers; was born in Brown Co., Ohio, Feb. 28, 1832; came to this State with her father's family when she was 3 years old, and settled in New Lenox, Will Co., where she has since made her home. She was married May 11, 1854, to the late Robert J. Broadie, deceased, who was born in Ohio Feb. 5, 1829, and who died Dec. 21, 1873; they have had five children, three of whom are living — Esther Ann, John C. and Sarah A.; deceased — Lydia and Anna. The farm of Mrs. Broadie consists of 735 acres, valued at $40,000. GEORGE S. BROWN, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. New Lenox ; was born in Tolland Co., Conn., May 18, 1825 ; came to this State in 1850, and settled in Mokena, where he remained two years ; he removed from there to Lockport in NEW LENOX TOWNSHIP. 781 1852, and from there to New Lenox in 1S7<), whon^ he now resides ; his fann con- sists of ei!j;hty acres, valued at S'').0<)0. Was married in New York Dec. 5, 1818, to Miss Martha A. Petteys, who was born in Wayne Co., N. Y., Pec. 22, 1830 ; they have had seven children, five of whom are livin-— Ida E., G. W., Rose Belle. Ed- ward C. L. and Lillie May ; deceased — Millard P. and Frankie. Mr. Brown was a participant in the Mexican war of 184(J. In his boyhood, he had a curiosity to see the world, and travel ; he, therefore, lefc his home at the a ; he has now under euUivation thirty-five acres, val- ued at $2,1(10. He was married Nov. 25, 1875, to Miss Emma L. Dancer, who was born in Homer, Will Ct>., 111., May 14, 1851 ; they have liad one child — Mary Edna, born Nov. 19, 1877. DENNIS IIOGAN, farmer and stock- raiser; P. 0. Spencer; was born in Ire- land March 12, 1820 ; came to the United States in 1848, and to Illinois in 1854; settled in New Lenox, where he now re- sides. He was married to Miss Mary A. McCabe, who was born in Ireland May 6, 1837 ; they have five children — Kllen E., Katie M., Denice L., Gregory M. and Theresa J. The farm of Mr. Hogan con- sists of 240 acres, valued at §14.500. J. S. HOLMES, dealer in grain, coal and ground feed ; P. 0. Spencer ; was born in New Lenox, Will Co., Aug. 30, 1848 ; is the son of the late Asher Holmes, deceased, who came from New York State in 1835. Mr. H. was married Jan. 24, 1871, to Miss Sophie Willis, who was born in New York City Aug. 14, 1852 ; they have had five children — Rayuor E., Arthur W., Laura E., Herbert H. and Bessie J. Mr. H. is at present School Trustee ; was elected in April, 1878. JAMES E. HOLMES, farmer andstock- raiser ; P. 0. Spencer ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Chautauqua Co. N. Y., June 25, 1827; came to this State with his father's family and settled where he now resides, in New Lenox Tp, in 1835. He w;is married Jan. 8, 1854, to Miss Mary E. Stiffler, who was born in Miami Co., Ohio, Jan. 29, 1838; they have had four children, three of whom are living, viz. : Delia J., William R. and George E. ; deceased — Rosilla. The farm of Mr. H. consists of 138 acres, valued at $8,500. Since his residence in this town- ship, he has held the ofl5ce of Town Clerk one year, Postmaster twenty-two years, which position he still retains ; also the ofiice of Street Commissioner nearly two years. CHAS. E. stock-raiser ; New Lenox, ASHKR HOLMES, decea.sed, New Lenox Tp., whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Sherburne, Clu'iiango Co., N. Y., in September, 179(5 ; at the age of 9, his parents moved to Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; in 182G, he returned to Chenango Co., and married Aug. 2G of the same year Miss Eliza Ann Elmore ; they moved back to Chautauqua Co., and remained there until the year 1831, when they again returned to Clienango Co., remaining there until his coming to Will Co. in the spring of 1835 ; he settled on Sec. 22, in New Lenox Tp., where he died ; his widow still lives on the homestead. He held the ofiice of Justice of the Peace in Chenango Co., and that of School Treas- urer in New Lenox Tp. He had six children, five living — James E., born June 25, 1827 ; Myron P., born June 8, 1830; Orsamus, born in August, 1838 ; Lydia E., born Feb. 5, 1840, and Sophie, born Aug. 14, 1852, and one deceased-r-Eliza Ann, born Jan. 18, 1834, died in May, 1873. KERCHEVAL, farmer and P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Will Co., Sept. 21, 1843; he is the son of the late Jas. C. Kerche- val, deceased, who was a native of Ohio, and emigrated to this State in 1830; he was a participant in the Mohawk war, and one of the first settlers in the State ; Mr. Chas. Kercheval was married April 29, 1868, to Miss Hattie A. Frazer, who was born in. Will Co., 111., Jan. 20, 1850. Mr. K. for the past ten years has. in addi- tion to farming, given special attention to raising and breeding fancy swine ; his present farm consists of eighty acres, val- ued at $6,000. He has also acted as School Trustee ; held offices of Assessor and Township Collector. M. H. KELLOGG, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. New Lenox ; was born in Madison Co., N. Y., May 17, 1830; came to this State and settled in Chicago in 1853; he removed from there to New Lenox, Will Co., where he now resides, in 1867. He was married to Mi.ss Mary A. McElcheran Aug. 24, 1 861 ; she was born in Albany, N. Y.,Sept. 24, 1830; they have had two children — one of whom is living, viz., Myron B., born Oct. 26, 1863 ; de- ceased — an infant. Mr. Kellogg's farm consists of 100 acres of fine rolling prai- 784 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: rie situated on Hickory Creek, and is part of Soc. 22 ; it is valued at $12,000. TUNIS LYNK, general merchant, New Lenox; an old and prominent set- tler ; was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Jan. 20, 1829 ; came to this State and settled in New Lenox in 1 848, where he has siuce resided. He was married to Miss Lydia Ann Hartshorn, who was born in Kutland Co., Vt., May 30, 1831, and who died Jan. 7, 1877 ; Mr. L. wa.s marrii;d again Feb. 5, 1878, to Miss Olive 0. Rugg, who was born in New Lenox, Will Co., 111., March 1, 1847. Immediately after his arrival in this township, he pur- chased the property now owned by Will- iam Gougar, which then consisted of 105 acres, and on which was located the second saw-mill built in the township ; he pursued the business of millwright and farmer until his purchase of his second farm, now owned by Jacob Waltz. At the out- break of the war, Mr. L. entered into mer- cantile business, in which he yet continues ; he has also acted as general depot agent since that time and has also held the office of Postmaster in New Lenox Tp, from April, 1867, until June, 1869 ; he was also the first express agent in the township ; has held the office of Township Collector four terms ; is at present general freight agent. CORIDON S. LEWIS, retired ; P. 0. New Lenox; was born in' Decatur, Otsego Co., N. Y., Dec. 13, 1816 ; came to this State in 1849, and settled in Stephenson Co. ; removed from there to New Lenox, Will Co., in 1865, where he now resides ; his occupation while in Stephenson Co. was that of a carpenter and builder. He was married Jan. 11, 1838, to Miss Cath- erine Bogardus, who was born in Berne, Albany Co., N. Y., June 14, 1814 ; they have had four children, three of whom are living, viz. : Leslie, Candace and Carrie ; decea.sed — Marilla. CYRUS A. LEWIS, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. New Lenox ; was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., July 19, 1824 ; came to this State in 1850, and settled in New Lenox ; his farm consists of 268 acres, valued at SI 8,000. He was married to Miss Emeline Seward, who was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Sept. 20, 1825 ; they have had nine children, seven of whom are living, viz. : Mary R., Spencer, Cannie, Nellie, Almon, Sherman and Jennie ; de- ceased, two infants. Mr. L. has held the offices of School Director, School Trustee and Road Commissioner several years. WM. PINK, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Spencer ; was born in Germany Feb. 28, 1830 ; came to this country in 1856, and settled in Illinois ; he has been a resi- dent of New Lenox since 1860 ; his farm consists of seventy-five acres, valued at $4,000. He was married to Miss Mary Fullman, who was born in Germany ; they have had eight children, seven of whom are living, viz. : Bernard, Susie, Kittie, Peter, Annie, Mary and Nick ; deceased, Mary. GEN. J. S. REYNOLDS, lawyer, Chi- cago, formerly of New Lenox Tp. ; was born Dec. 3, 1839, in New Lenox Tp., Will Co., III., where his parents, Isaac N. and his wife, still reside ;. the son, after arriving at the age of 17, went to Chicago, and attended tne public schools, graduating from the high school in 1861. On the breaking out of the war, he presided over a series of war mass-meetings of young men ; he soon enlisted, and began recruit- ing the battalion called Yates' Sharpshoot- ers ; he was in active service nearly four years, and made a gallant record ; he was promoted five times by commissions from the Governor of Illinois, and twice by commission from President Lincoln ; he took part in seventeen battles and many skirmishes, was thrice wounded, and had his sword shot from his hand at Resaca ; he commanded the 64th I. V. I., which he had once helped to recruit under the name of l''ates' Sharpshooters, during its march with Gen. Sherman from Atlanta to the sea; at the recommendation of his superior officers, he was promoted to Brig- adier General, near the close of the war. After leaving the army, in 1865, he began the study of law in Chicago, graduated from the law department of the Chicago University, was admitted to the bar in 1866, and began the practice of law in Chicago, at first with a partner; he is now engaged in the practice of admiralty alone in the city of Chicago. In 1867, he was elected a member of the Illinois Legisla- ture, from Chicago, and re-elected in 1869, where he served with honor ; he also served four years on the Chicago Board of Educa- NEW LENOX TOWNSHIP. 785 tion ; in lS72,lie waselectedtoreitresorit the First Distrietiii the Illinois State Senate, aft- er which he was appointed, by the Governor, a commissioner from Illinois to the Expo- sition at Vienna; in May, 187:5, he sailed ahroad, and his travels extended through- out most of the countries of Europe and into Asia Minor; in 187"), he became a a member of the Board of Commissioners to loeate the State Institution for the Ed- ucation of Feeble-minded Children ; in 1875, he was elected Senior Vice Com- mander in Chief of the Grand Army of the Kepublie. Jan. ol, 1877, he was married to Mattie A. Carey, of Chicago, daughter of George W. Carey, Es(|. ; has one child — born Jan. 23, 1878, named Joseph S., Jr. ISAAC N. REYNOLDS, former and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Ne\^^ Lenox ; one of the earliest and most prominent settlers ; was born in Champaign Co., Ohio. Oct. 13, 1811 ; came to this State with his father's family in 1818, and settled in the southern part, where he remained until 1833, when he came north to Will Co. and settled in New Lenox, where he now owns 365 acres, valued at 327,000. He was married April 10, 183-t, to MLss Ruey A. Halderman, who was born in Ross Co., Ohio, March 26, 1815 ; she is the daugh- ter of Abram Halderman, who was among the very first settlers in La Salle Co. ; they have had ten children, seven of whom are living, viz.: Abram, Joseph S., Isaac N., Charlotte E., Hattie A., William N. and Ruena P. ; deceased, Sarah J., John H. and Charles P. JOHN M. REYNOLDS, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Mokena; one of our early settlers ; was born in Champaign Co., Ohio, Feb. 11, 1813; came to this State with his father's family in 1818, and set- tled in the southern part, where he remained until 1833, when he came n^rth to Will Co., and settled in New Lenox. He was married Oct. 15, 1835, to Miss E. W. Snapp, who was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Oct. 2, 1818. She is the daughter of Mr. Abram Snapp, now decea.sed, who w;is the first settler, and constructor of the first building on the prairie then called the Yankee Settlement ; they have had four children, two of whom are living — Clara M. and Nellie I. ; deceased — Abram S. and Sarah J. The farm of Mr. Reynolds con- sists of 290 acres ; its probable value is $18,(»00. MRS. CARRIE STORMS, farmer ; P. 0. Hadley ; was born in New York Nov. 3, 1851 ; came to this State in 1860 ; is the widow of the late James Storms, de- cea-sed, who was born in Scotland Dee. 15, 1S46, and who died May 23, 1877 ; they . have one child — Harry W., born Aug. *J, 1874. The farm of Mrs. Storms consists of sixty acres, valued at St, 000. HEINRICH STEIN, faruier and stock- raiser; P. 0. Spencer; was born in Ger- many, Jan. 15, 1837 ; came to the United States in 1856, and settled on his present farm in New Lenox, Will Co., 111. ; it con- tains 148 acres ; is situated on Sec. 34, and is valued at $7,500. He was married to Miss Louise Stricher, who was was born in Germany July 22, 1838 ; they have had four children — Henry, Lizzie, Emma and Louise. Mr. Stein has held offices of Street Commissioner and School Trustee, three years each. MRS. W. A. S HARTS, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. New Lenox ; was born in Herkimer, N. Y., Jan. 20, 1822; is the widow of the late W. A. Sharts. who was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Feb. 12, 1825, and who died Feb. 2, 1878; they were married Oct. 23, 1851 ; they have had three children, two of whom are living — Ellen, born Nov. 11, 1852; Josephine, June 22, 1857 ; Charles T., born Jan. 1, 1856; died Jan. 17, 1864. Mrs. Sharts continues the business in which her hus- band was engaged, it being that of a farmer and stock-raiser; her farm contains 108 acres, valued at $7,000. HENRY SCHRADER, farmer ; P. 0. New Lenox ; was born in Germany, Jan. 13, 1816; came to the United States in 1851 ; settled in Joliet, 111., in 1853, where he remained until 1873, when he removed to New Lenox; his present fiirm consists of 140 acres, valued at 811 ,000. He was married Nov. 15, 1855, to Miss Dora Bues, who was born in Germany March 28, 1835; they have had seven children, five of whom are living — Arvine, William, Alfred, Meta and Cora; deceased — Henry and an infant. Mr. S.is at present School Director in District No. 2, New Lenox DWIGHT M. SNOW, farmer and breeder of herd registered Jersey cattle ; P. 786 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 0. New Lenox ; was born in Worcester Co., Mass., Sept. 28, 1826 ; came to this State in 1861, and settled in McLean Co.; he re- moved to Will Co., and settled in New Lenox in 1870 ; his present farm consists of eighty acres, valued at $6,000. He was married Oct. 9, 1849, to Miss Maria A. Woods, who was born in Worcester Co., Mass., March 8. 1826 ; they have had four children, three of whom are living — Nellie M., Kate F. and Fred M.; deceased — Charles E. CALVIN SEWARD, farmer and stock- raiser; P. 0. Joliet ; one of our early set- tlers; was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Sept. 23, 1812; came to this State, and settled in Joliet. Will Co., in 18-46, where he re- mained until his arrival on his farm in New Lenox, which contains 160 acres, valued at $10,000. He was married May 17, 1838, to Miss Sarah M. Van Dusen, who was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., March 22, 1815 ; they have had ten children — five of whom are now living — Nancy E., Gilbert, Lucinda J., Margaret E. and .Sarah M.; deceased — four infants and Andrew J. Mr. S. has held the office of Collector in New Lenox Tp. one year. FRANK SEARLES, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. Hadley ; was born in West- chester Co., N. Y., July 24, 182S ; came to this State in 1850, and settled in Homer, where he remained four years ; he removed from there to New Lenox in 1854, where he has since resided ; his farm con- sists of 104 acres, valued at S8,000. He was married to Miss Emily White April 1. 1851 ; .she was born in Lake Co., Ohio, June 6, 1827; they have had two children — Frank* W. and Agnes E. Mr. S. has held township offices of different kinds in New Lenox for several years. His son Frank W. passed examination and re- ceived diploma at Chicago Medical College as physician and surgeon ; he is at present the only physician in New Lenox. ALEXANDER M. STORMS, farmer and stock raiser ; P. 0. New Lenox ; was born in Rcss-shire, Scotland, Jan. 10, 1840 ; came to the United States in 1861, and settled in New Lenox, Will Co., 111., where he now resides. He was married Feb. 17, 1876, to Miss Emily M. Frank, who was born in New Lenox, Will Co., 111., March 12, 1848 ; thev have one child — Frank R, born Ai5rir4, 1877. The farm of Mr. Storms consists of 172-V acres, valued at $13,000. JOHN J. WALZ, farmer and stock raiser ; P.O. Spencer ; was born in Germany, Feb. 5, 1836 ; came to the United States in 1854, and settled in New Lenox, Will Co., 111., in 1856 ; his farm contains 240 acres of land, valued at $14,0U0. He was married April 6. 1868, to Miss Henrietta Stricher, who was born in German)^ Nov. 20, 1846 ; they have had three children, two of whom are living — Adeline and George A.; deceased, Herman Frank. Mr. Waltz is at present Commissioner of High- ways. W. C. WILSON, farmer and carpen- ter ; P. 0. Spencer; one of our early set- tlers ; was born in Cortland Co., N. Y.; came to this State in 1835, and settled in Joliet ; he removed from there to New Lenox in 1837, where he has since resided ; his farm consists of eighty-five acres, val- ued at $4,500 . He was married to Miss Eliza Ann Gougar, who was born in Indi- ana ; they have had eight children, six of whom are living — Charles L., Cafharine J., William W., John F., Lewis F. and Mary L.; deceased, George W. and Eliza A. WESLEY TOWNSHIP. SCHUYLER ACKERMAN, farmer; i raised on his father's farm ; in 1857, with P. 0. Wilmington ; was born in Passaic his brother Henry, they emigrated West Co., N. J., May 4, 1834, and is the son to Illinois, and settled in Wesley Tp.; of John V. W. and Helen Ackerman, of ' here he has remained ever since, en- New Jersey ; his father was a farmer, died gaged in farming His brother, James E., in 1859, 56 years old ; his mother died in was in the late war ; participated in some 1878, 74 years old; Mr. Ackerman was of the prominent battles. Mr Ackerman is WESLEY TOWNSHIP. 787 a Republican in politics. Held several offices of trust in Wt\sley Tp.; is Township Treasurer, which office lie has lillcd tor the last three years. Married in January, 18(j7, to Miss Abbie C. Carpenter ; born Feb. 26, 1840; daughter of Charles Carpenter of New York ; born March 4, 18U8. Was an early settler of Will Co.; have one child — Annie Klizabeth. Mr, Ackerraan is a member of the M. K Church. GUY M. BECKWITH. fanner; P. 0. Kankakee ; was born in Wesley Tp., Will Co., Ill, Sept. 12, 184(t, and is the son of Geo. M.and Phiobe S. (Barden) Beckwith; his father was born in Bedford Co., Penn., about the year 1816 ; when he was 21 years old, his parents moved to Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y.; he and his brother left New York together for the Far West, first stopping on the Wabash River near Terre Haute, Ind., thence to North Ann l^rairie, four miles northeast of Paris, 111., which is thirty-six miles south of Danville, 111., where they broke land ; in 1818 or 1819, they came to the salt-works, four miles | west of Danville, where they worked hard for several years. June 22, 1827, George M. Beckwith married Charlotte Gilbert, by whom he had one child — Lucy E.; the wife died Feb. 10, 1831, 26 years old. He was a Captain, and his brother was a Mujor in the Black Hawk war. He came to Wesley Tp., W^ill Co., at an early day, being about the first settler here ; he engaged in farming ; j he died respected and honored. Guy M. | Beckwith enlisted as private in Co. A, 100th 111. VM.,in August, 1862; participated in all the battles of this re.iduient; was mustered out in June, 1865. In 1873, was Supervisor of Wesley Tp. Owns 228 acres of fine im- proved land. Married in 1868, to Miss OrceHa K. Pain, of Michigan, by whom he has three children. HIRAM GOULD, farmer; P. 0. Wil- mington ; was born in New York, Dec. 25, 1827 ; son of James and Lydia (Goodwin) Gould. James Gould, with wife and five children, came west, and settled in Ohio ; here they remained about seven years en- gaged in farming ; they then moved to Illi- nois, and settled in Wesley Tp., in 1844 ; here he first purchased 120 acres of land ; he died Aug. 29, 1876, at 76 years of age, leaving wife and eleven children ; his wife (Lydia Gouldj died in 1878, at 71 or 72 years of age. Mr. Hiram G ould was married in 1855 to Mi-^s Klizabeth Binney, daugh- ter of Richard Binney, who was among the early settlers of We-sley Tp.; came here about 1841 or 1842. Mr. Gould, in 1849, went to CaliforntH ; engaged in gold-min- ing ; was very suc(;essfal ; returned home in 1851 ; three children — two boys and one girl ; he was a resident of Wilmington, but principally has been engaged in farming throutrhout life. WILLIAM GOODWIN, deceased; this gentleman was one among the first settlers 0, 1858. WILLIAM MARTIN, dairying; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns 240 acres, valued at $40 per acre ; |born April HO, 1849, where he now resides. His lather, James Martin, mother, Catherine Graham (Martin), both born in Ireland ; emigrated to the United States at different periods. Were married in Rochestei, N. Y., in 183G, and emigra- ted to Will Co. in 1837, locating in Wil- mington, where he lived for about ten years ; thence to the farm now owned by William in 1847. There were eight children, three living — Mary (now Mrs. T. Baskerville) ; James W. and William. Mr. Martin, Sr. went to California, the overland route, in the spring of 1850, where he died the succeeding fall. Thopaas enlisted July, 1862, in Co. A, 100th 111. V. I., and died of disease contracted by exposure June, 1863, at Murfi-eesboro, Tenn. Two died in infancy — Edward died herein 18G4 ; John died January, 1870. JAMES W. MARTIN, farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns 240 acres, valued at $40 per acre. Was elected County Treasurer in November, 1873, and re-elected in November, 1875, and served until Dec. 5, 1877. Was born in Wilming- ton, this county, Feb. 22, 1846. Married Viola M. Linton Jan. 13, 1875 ; she was born Jan. 23, 1846, in Montezuma, Ind., and came to Illinois with her pai-ents in 1862. One child— Charles H. DANIEL McINTYRE, farmer and stock-raiser; P. 0. Wilmington; owns 248 acres, valued at $45 per acre. Been Highway Commissioner three years and School Director three terms. Born Sept. 26, 1841, in this township, on what is now the Selah Morey farm. Sec. 28. Married Roselma Thoniburg Feb. 19, 1862; she was born March 15, 1843, in Channahon Tp., this county; her father, Robert Thornburg, and mother, Clorinda Wright, were among the earliest settlers of Channa- hon Tp., as will be seen in the general history. Mr. Mclntyre's father was one of the earliest settlers of Wesley Tp., and subsequently into Florence in 1837. Have six children living and one dead — Clorinda 794 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: L., William, Daniel J., Margaret E., John R. (deceased), Martha A. and Jessa. MRS. LUCINDA McINTYRE, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Wilmiuglun ; widow of the late Duncan Mclntyre ; owns 172 acres, valued at $60 per acre ; she was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., Nov. 2, 1827, and came to Wesley Tp., this county, with her ftvther, Joseph Hadsall, and family, as will be seen in the general history, at a very eiirly date; her husband D. Mclntyre, was born Dec. 13, 1807, in Perth, N. Y.; he settled in Wesley Tp., also at a very early date, but subsequently moved to I'lorence Tp. in 1837, where he purchased a farm on Sec. 28 ; had the family of Nelson Wright, formerly of Ohio, keep house for him; and one Lutz also lived with him some time. Was married Sept. 8, 1840, in Wesley Tp., at her father's, J. Hadsall ; had seven children, four living — Daniel, John, Annie E., deceased, Thomas R., deceased, Archibald D., James W. and Margaret E., deceased. Mr. Mclntyre, wife and two children, went to Perth, Fulton Co., N. Y., in 1844 ; they purchased the farm which they now own, and returned in 1855. Mr. Mclntyre died here Nov. 3, 1858. WILLIAM McGINNIS, farmer; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns 270 acres here, valued at $50 per acre, and 400 acres in Livingston Co., valued at $35 per acre ; born in Rochester, N. Y., in I82G ; , they moved to Boston when he was very young ; thence to this county with his mother in 1837, his father having died in New York ; they located at Joliet, where they resided until 1849, at which date he went to California, and returned to Joliet in 1851 ; he left Joliet in 1852, and settled in Reed Tp., where he lived until 1870; thence to Livingston Co. four years ; thence to his present residence in 1874. Married Kliza Palmer Nov. 11,1 855, in ihis county; she was born in Orange Co., Vt., Feb. 20, 1840, and came to this county with her parents in 1850; have four children living — Margaret, died Sept. 15, 1872; John, Frank, Mary and Gertrude ; William, died Nov. 30, 1872. S. R. MOREY, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns eighty acres, valued at $40 per acre. Has held the oflBces of Township Clerk, School Treasurer and Road Overseer. Born May 7, 1830, in Clearfield (now Elk) Co., Pa.; came to Will Co., with his father's family Dec. 31^ 1847. Married Louisa H. Smith in Oswego Tp., Kendall Co., 111., Jan. 3, 1801 ; she was born March 15, 1840, in Connecticut, and came to Kane Co., 111., with her parents in 1852 ; thence to Ken- dall Co. in 1853; four children — Kmeline, Grace, Horace and Selah. His two brothers, Vinal and Charles, enlisted in the late rebellion in 1862 ; Vinal, in the 88th I. V. I., was in the service until the close of the war, and Charles, in the 100th I. V.I., was in the service until 1864, at which time be was discharged, on account of sickness; he died at home Nov. 4, 1865 ; Oscar also enlisted Feb. 24, 1864, and served until December, 1865, at which date he was discharged. WILLIAM NELSON, farmer. Sec. 15; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns eighty acres, val- ued at $40 per acre; born Nov. 8, 1816, in Sterlingshire, Scotland ; emigrated to Canada in 1830; thence to the United States in 1833 ; located at Trenton, Oneida Co., N. Y.; remained there four years ; thence to Joliet, Will Co., 111., remain- ing about six months ; thence to what is known as the Five-Mile Grove, Manhattan Tp., and remained there one year ; there were only two habitations in the township, both owned by Perkin Bros., one of which Mr. Nelson rented ; being so sparsely settled in that vicinity, Mr. Nelson pre- ferred to go to New Lenox Tp., whic-h was then better populated ; there he lived with A. Francis for about four years ; in partnership he bought a farm with Asa McDonald, where he lived three years ; sold to McD., and returned to Five-Mile Grove, where he lived until 1860. Mar- ried Mary A. Rudd in 1846, in New Lenox Tp.; she was born in New Y'ork State, and came to Illinois with her parents in 1845 ; have five children living —Mary E. (now Mrs. W. Cook), William W., James (deceased), Nettie (now Mrs. C. Faut), Olive Z. and Leonard. Mr. Nelson was Supervisor of Trenton (now Manhattan Tp.), also Assessor of Trenton and Florence, which office he now holds in Florence; in March, 1860, he moved to his present residence. JOHN J. OHLHUES, farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns ninety- three acres, valued at $50 per acre ; born FLORENCE TOWNSHIP. 705 in Hulstein, Germany, Oct. I'J, 1837; eniitiiatod to the United States in 1859, with his father's family, which consi.sted of parents, Jacob Uldhiies and jMargaret Graf (Ohlhues) and their three sons John, Pi'ter and Henry, besides their daughter and son-in-hiw Mrs. and Mr. Keils. John married Mary Schultz, at Joliet, in Sept., 18t37 ; she was born in Hanover, Ger many, July 2-1, 184H, and came to this country with her parents in 1857 ; have five children — Magdalena, Henry, Edxyard, Emma and Mary. His brother Ilenry en- listed in February, 18(J-t, in Co. K, 111. V. I., and was killed while pursuing the enemy at Fort Gregg, Va., on April 8, 1865. He was married to Ellen Neiman, here, in November, 1864; left no children. Peter Ohlhues resides with his brother-in- law, Mr. J. Keils. DENIS KIOKDEN, fanner, Sec. 14; P. O. Wilmington; owns 160 acres, val- ued at $50 per acre ; born in McCrome, Cork Co., Ireland, 1817; when about 20 years of age, he went to England, and was employed by Pratt & Sewil, contractors, for five years in London ; then he went to Shetlam, Scotland, where he worked eighteen months ; thence to Gravesend, where he worked two years ; returned to London, and took pas- sage on the Christiana, Capt. Ham- mond, and was seven weeks on the ocean ; landed at New York ; went to Bridgewater, Mass., and worked there for the Mount Hope Iron Work Co. fifteen , years ; eleven years of said time was night work ; at the expiration of said time he moved to Illinois, and located in Florence Tp., Will Co., where he worked by the day, and rented farms on the share for about nine yeai-s ; then purchased the farm which he now owns, for $35 per acre. Married Sarah Moran, daughter of Paul Moran, of Leitrim Co., Ireland ; she came to the United States about the year 1843 ; have three children — Hannah, Timothy and Mary. Mr. Riordeu's brother Timothy enlisted in the late war in the 69th Majss. V. I., and was captured by the enemy, and died in prison at Salisbury, N. C. JOHN KEILS, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns ninety-four acres, valued at $50 per acre ; held the ofiice of School Director for lour years, which office he still holds ; born in Holstein, Germany, Dec. 15, 1827. Married Catharine Ohl- hues Nov. 1, 1856, in ILjlstein ; she was born March 13, 1832 ; they emigrated to the United States in 1859, and came di- rect to Florence Tp.; he rented various liirms for about six years, then purchased the farm which he now owns, for $23.25 per acre, in 1869 ; have three cliildren — Charles, Alice and Sarah. Mr. Keils, like many of the people who began life in the West, had nothing to begin with but good health and willing hands ; he now owns a a very nice and comfortable home. JAMES SIME, farmer, stone-mason and bricklayer ; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns 160 acres, valued at $50 per acre ; born in Fifeshirc, Scotland, March 15, 1847 ; emigrated to the United States in 1869, with his father, James Sime, Sr.; his mother and rest of thefamily followed soon after ; they all located in Plainfield Tp., this county ; there his mother still resides ; his father sustained injuries in his own house which proved fatal, from one John Wiley, who was giving them unnecessary disturbance while in a semi-drunken and epileptic fit, Oct. 2, 1876. Married Mag- gie Douglas March 30, 1875, in Chicago; she was born in Newark, N. J., Oct. 21, 1853, and came to Wilmington, this coun- ty, with her parents. in 1872; have one child — James. Mr. S. worked on the building of the Iron Works at Joliet for six years ; four and a half years of said time he was foreman on the building ; also built the masonry along the line of the D. between the Illinois and Mississippi Kivers. ALLEN SMITH, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Wilmington; 100 acres, valued at $50 per acre, owned by his sons Oscjr and Silas. Silas married Mary Niece in March, 1878. Mr. Smith, Sr., was born in Franklin Co., Vt., Oct. 24, 1809. Married Annie Bell in 1831, in Vermont; she was born in Franklin Co., Vt., and died there in 1833. Married for his second wife Annie Rice ; she was born May 15, 1811; they emi- grated to Illinois in 1857, and located in this neighborhood ; had eleven children — all by second marriage — ten living — Elvira, Olive (deceased), Warner, Edgar D., Ed- nah K., Laura M., Joseph A., Ezra W., Oscar L., Silas C. and Emma R.. all ])orn in Franklin Co., Vt. Warner enlisted in 1861 in Co. 1, 100th 111. V. I.; Edgar D., in 1861 796 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : in Co. A, 100th 111. V. I.; both served un- til the close of the war. Elvira is now Mrs. Philo Draper, of ]NIinnesota ; Ednah is now Mrs Andrew Baird, of Iowa ; Laura is Mrs. W. Baskerville, of this county ; Emma is Mrs. Alex. Niece, of this county. JOSEPH SHIRK, farmer and stock dealer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns 318 acres, valued at $30,000; born Aug. 17, 1819. in Washington, Penn.; moved with his parents and family to Franklin Co., Ind., in 1824 ; thence to Parke Co., Ind., in 1828, with all his father's family, consisting of seven boys and seven girls. Married Margaret Linion July 18, 1841, in Parke Co., Ind.: she was born in Craw- ford Co., 111., in 1824 ; they moved to Will Co., 111., in 1854; had five children — David L., Emily J., Joseph N., Sarah 0. and William H. Mrs. Shirk died here March 5, 1854. Married for his second wife Mary A. Brown Dec. 15, 1854 ; she was born in 1829 in Parke Co., Ind.; had four children by second marriage — Andrew J., Alice, Albert and Isabell. Mr. Shirk's grandfather was born on the Alps, Switzer- land, and emigrated to this country on the breaking-out of the Revolution with fifteen of his relatives, who settled in what is now Washington Co., Penn.; he was in the Revolution, participating in the battles of Trenton and Yorktown, at the latter being- wounded in the heel so as to cripple him for life. At Mr. Shirk's residence may be seen the discharge from service of his grandfather in Gen. Washington's own hand-writing ; he died in Franklin Co., Ind., at the advanced age of 81 years. Mr. Shirk's father ( David) was a soldier in the war of 1812, under Capt. Arm- strong, whose discharge Mr. Shirk has also as a relic ; he (David) died in i^arke Co., Ind., at the aire of 73 years. LAURANCE TINSLAR, farmer ; P. O. Wilmington ; owns 161 acres of land, valued at 81 0,000 ; born June 19, 1823, in Madison Co., N. Y. Married Delia S. Marsh Nov. 9, 1847, in Alleghany Co. ; they moved to Skaneateles, Onondaga Co. ; thence to Auburn, where he was superin- tendent of the spinning department in the Auburn Woolen Mills for three years; gave up said position with the intention of going to California, but finally abandoned the idea. From Rochester, N. Y., they came to Illinois, located at Braceville, Grundy Co., where they resided until November, 1866, at which date they moved to Wilmington, Will Co., where he estab- lished a meat market, which he conducted one year; disposing of his interest in that, he opened a similar establishment in Braid- wood, which he owned for two and a half yeai's ; at the end of said period, he opened a boot and shoe store in Braidwood, which business he was in about one year, then sold, and purchased the establishment (boats and shoes) of Arnold & Sisson, of Wilmington, which establisnment he owned three years, then traded it for his present farm. Children by first marriage are Lu- cian W. , Eva A. and Esther A. Mrs. Tins- lardied in Braceville. 111., 1866 ; married second wife, Katie McCabe ; she was born in Malone, Franklin Co., N. Y., June 2, 1842 ; children by second marriage are Laurance (deceased), Hiram, Delia, Lau- rance (deceased), and Katie B. JAMES WHITE, farming and dairy ; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns 133 acres of land, valued at S40 per acre ; born Oct. 26, 1842, Lycoming Co., Penn.; came to Wilmington, Will Co., with his parents when alDout 2 years old. Married Sarah Hazard Dec. 26, 1865, in this county ; she was born Dec. 15, 1844, in Madison Co., N. Y., and came to this county with her parents in 1853 ; have four children — Clarence E., Fannie E., Florence A., Charles A. His father, Adam White, and mother Margaret Watson (White), were natives of Scotland, and emigrated to the United States in 1833 ; they had twelve children, five living — John M. (mentioned elsewhere), Mary, Adam, Robert and James. JOHN M. WHITE, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Wilmington ; owns 300 acres of land in this county, and 413 acres in Kan- kakee, valued at $35,600. Held office of Collector two years. Supervisor one term, in 1865, and Township Tru.stee for eight years, which office he now holds ; born Dec. 23, 1823, in Glasgow, Scotland, and came to this country with his father's family in 1833 ; they located in Living- ston Co., N. Y. ; thence to Ontario Co., two years later ; thence to Williamsport, Penn. All the family, consisting of his father (Adam White), mother (Margaret Watson White), five brothers and two sisters, located within two miles of Mr. MANHATTAN TOWNSHIP. 799 "White's pivsont res^idonce in IS 1^4. Mr. White married Margery Mcintosh, daugli- ter of D. Melntosh, Jan. 2(», 1858; she wa.s born in liittle Falls, N. Y., Jan. IH, 1884; have six children— William W., Daniel M., Ida S., John B., Frank E., Arthur K. ; Williain W., married Juliette Nelson April 1, 1874 ; Daniel M., married Sarah A. Nelson Dec. 25, 187(1. Mr. White went to California across the plains in the spring of 1850 ; remained about two years, then returned to this Township to the farm whore he now resides, and on which he has remained ever since. HENRY WARD, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Wilmington; owns 120 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre. School Director one term ; was re-elected in 1878. Born in Norfolk Co., England, Nov. 29,1882; emi- grated to the United States in 1850, with his brother John, who located in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., and married Jane Thompson; she died in 1859, leaving one child — Mar- tha J.; he married his second wife, Mar- garet Robinson. John died in New York, in 1868; Mr. Ward .stopped in St. Law- rence Co., N. Y., whore he lived about six years; then moved to P('oria, 111., in 1856, where he lived four years. Married Diana Pratt in Peoria in 1860; they moved to Will Co., this township, where they have have lived ever since ; she was born in Peoria Co. April 14, 1841. Mrs. Ward's parents came to Peoria, 111., from Mass. in 1888 ; like many pioneers of the West, they suffered much di.'^comfort, privations, and even sustained heavy loss, his entire effects being lost during the voyage on the lakes ; he and his wife and one child crossing the country by stage and canal, as they suited the location and circumstances ; it took four months to make- the trip from Massachusetts to Peoria, 111., which may now be accomplished in so many days, have five children — Myron H., Arthur J., Julia E., Mary and Carrie F.; one dead, a girl, a twin with Mary. MANHATTAN TOWNSHIP. ANDREW AMEND, firming. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Germany in the spring of 1829. He married Miss Suzan Zipf in 1848; she was born in Bavaria in 1816 ; they have one adopted daughter, viz., Suzan. He left Germany when quite young and came to the United States with his parents, who settled in Huron Co., Ohio, and engaged in farming ; remained until 1850, when he went to Iowa and remained a few months, when he came to Will Co., 111., and settled in Plainfield ; remained two years; thence to Sec. 1 of Joliet Tp., and lived there four years; he then moved on the Plankroad and re- mained some ten years ; he then went to Ohio and engaged in grocery and saloon ; remained until 1865, when he came to Joliet and engaged in saloon and boarding- house ; he also acted as Constable some ten years; in 1878, he came to his present place ; he started in poor circumstances, and now owns lOl acres here, besides some residence property in Joliet. His mother died in Ohio in 1855, and his father died in Canada in 1860. GEORGE A. BUCK, farmer and stock- raiser ; Sec 17 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., Sept. 10,1829. He married Miss Helen C. Wolcott May 12, 1856 ; she was born iu same place, and died April 16, 1857. His present wife was Miss Sarah H. Baker, married March 22, 1859 ; she was born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., Oct. 20, 1886; they had ten children, six living, viz., Helen C, Laura C, Werden, Jennie T., Kate F. and Fred A. He lived in Massa- chusetts until 1856, being engaged in farming and general merchandise, also teaching ; he then came We.st and settled in Lake Co., 111., where he remained about six months, and then came to Will Co., and S(!ttled on his present place, part of which he bought in 1854, while here on a visit ; he o ns 640 acres in this township, and has improved over 8,000 acres. He has been Town Clerk, Supervisor and Town Treasurer. CLARK BAKER, farmer, Sec. 8; P. O. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Hoosick, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 10 800 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: March 3, 1796. He married Miss Lucina Welsh Dec. 20, 1826 ; she was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., Aug. 28, 1806 ; they had five children, two living — Mary E. and John C He lived in New York until 1850, being engaged in farming and surveying ; he then came West and settled on his present place ; while in New York, he served in the militia of that State in the 1812 war; he came West in poor cir- cumstances and at present owns over 1,200 acres, mostly in this township. He has been Supervisor some ten years, and Jus- tice of the Peace for twenty-five years. JACOB LUTZ, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, April 24, 1848. He married Miss Laura Evans Feb. 25, 1869 ; she was born in Iroquois Co., 111., Nov. 14, 1848; they have four children — Elton, Evaline, Willis and Rosy. He lived in Ohio twelve years, then moved to Indiana with his parents ; remained about six months, then came to Illinois and settled in Will Co., Jackson Tp. ; he lived there with his parents until 1871, when he settled on his present place. In 1863, he enlisted in the 64th 111. V. I., 1st Battalion Yates' Sharp Shooters ; was in the battles of Resaca, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Atlanta, etc. He started without any capital, and now owns eighty acres, which he has earned by his own labor. THOMPSON MACKEY, farming, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, June 14, 1824. He married Miss Sarah SjToule Aug. 31, 1852 ; she was born in Hancock Co., West Va. ; they had eight children, five living, viz., Edgar S., Flora J., James E., Adam W. and Bellella. He lived in Ohio about nineteen years on the farm ; he then followed steamboating on the Ohio and Mississippi for about nineteen years ; he then came to Illinois and settled on his present place. He has been Assessor and Road Commissioner a number of years each. M. E. MOYER, farming. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., Nov. 18, 1829. He married Miss Abbie F. Neitz Sept. 29, 1 859 ; she was born in Lehigh Co., Penn., Nov. 21, 1836 ; they had five children, three living, viz., Priscilla S., Clara M. and Addie F. He lived in Pennsylvania until 1847, when he came to Illinois and settled in Naperville, where he remained about nineteen years, being engaged in farming and brick- making ; in 1866, he came to his present place, and has lived here ever since carrying on the farm. HIRAM OLNEY, farming and stock- raising Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Joliet; the subject of this sketch was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., July 13, 1800. He married Miss Harriet Daniels Jan. 17, 1822; she was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. 22, 1803 ; they had seven children, four living, viz., Cephas C, William H., Marietta A. and Henrietta. He lived in New York until 1835 ; was principally engaged in farming and teach- ing ; he then came West, and settled in the town of Homer, this county, and engaged- in farming ; remained until 1854, when he came to his present place, and has remained here since, except six years in Joliet. He owns 120 acres in this township. He has been Road Commissioner, Assessor, Town Clerk and Justice of the Peace, also Town- ship Trustee ; was also Town Clerk in Homer, and Trustee. ADAM ROHRBACH, farming, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Hesse, in Germany, March 3, 1835. He married Mrs. Hazemann, form- erly Miss Catheron P. Bernard, March 12, 1860 ; she yas born in Alsace, France, Jan. 28, 1828 ; they had four children, three living, viz., Henry J., Frederick A. and Louisa J. ; his wife had three children by former marriage, one living, viz., Eliza Ann. He lived in Germany nineteen years ; he then came to the United States and settled near Peoria, 111. ; and after three years residence there, he became converted and joined the Evangelical Association, and became a preacher in same, traveling to most all parts of the State ; in 1875, he settled in Will Co., and in 1877, he settled on his present place. He came to the United States in very poor circumstances, and now owns 160 acres well improved in this township. STEPHEN ROBINSON, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Cumber- land Co., Me., June 3, 1820. He mar- ried Miss Sarah Grundy July 8, 1843 ; she was born in Shefiield, England, March 4, 1824 ; they had six children, five living, viz., Ellen J., Mary F., Frank, Annie and Eva. He lived in Maine eighteen years ; then came to Illinois and.settled in Tazewell WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 801 Co., where he followed fanning and car- pentering, and remained until 1S53, when he came to Will ('o., and sottlod in Plain- tield Tp., where he followed farming, also acted aa foreman for a hridge-building company. In 18(!7, he came to his present place, and has lived here ever since. He has held the office of Supervisor for two terms, also School office. His oldest son, Orestes, enlisted in the Ud 111. Regt. V. C, and died in New Orleans Oct. i), 1863. JOHN W. SMITH, farmer and stock- raiser Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Jolict ; the subject of this sketch was born in Lincolnshire, En- gland Feb. 10, 1825. He married MissCatli- ei'on Phillips April 15, 18G1 ; she was born in Herefordshire, England, March 19, 1834; they had seven children, four living, viz., Saline C, Anna N., Mary C. and Martha Jane. He lived in England until he was 20 years of age ; he then came to the United States via New Orleans ; thence to St. Louis, when he returned to England, remaining some sis months ; he went to Australia, where he remained one year, and then again come to the United States and settled in Ohio, where he remained a short time, and came to Illinois ; in 1858, he settled in Will Co., and in 1869, he settled on his present place. He had no means to begin with, and now owns 480 acres in this town- ship, all of which he has earned by his own labor. HENRY THIEL, farming. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Cur Hessen, Germany, Aug. 16, 1829. He married Miss Chri.-^tianna Winneka April 2, 1866 ; she Wiis born in the same place in Germany Aug. 21, 1843; they had three children, two living, viz., Henry August and Chris- tian Frederick. He lived in Germany twenty-eight years, working at his trade of stone mason ; he then came to the United States, and settled in Will Co., 111., at Troutman's Grove, where he engaged in farming, and remained fourteen years, and then came to his present place, and has lived here since. He came to this county in poor circumstances, working by the month ; he now owns 1 60 acres in this town- ship, which he has earned by his own labor. THOMAS WHITK, farmer and stock. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Wallingford ; the subject of this sketch was born in Lincolnshire England Sept. 23, 1831. He married' Miss Kittie Reeson July 1, 1851 ; she was born in Lincolnshire, England, July 31, 1827; they had six children, three living, viz., John T., William and Fannie, He lived in England until 1853, when he moved to Canada, where he remained but a short time, and moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he engaged in the stone quar- ries ; he then went to Du Page Co., 111. ; remained about three years ; then he went to Lee Co. ; then, in 1863, he came to Will Co., and settled near where he now lives ; in 1868, he came to his present place, and has lived here since.. He started in very poor circumstances and now owns 320 acres in this township. RICHARD WxVTKINS, farming, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. New Lenox ; the subject of this sketch was born in Herefordshire, En- gland, Feb. 12, 1826. He married Miss Catherine Russell Oct. 10, 1854 ; she was born in Herefordshire, England, Oct. 3, 1830 ; they had eleven children, nine living, viz., William J., Rosa, Richard, Annie I., Frank, Lillie J., Ellen K., John A. and Clara M. He lived in England twenty-one years, then came to the United States and settled in Ontario Co., N. Y., where he remained six years ; he then came to Illinois and settled in Will Co. ; in the spring of 1874, he settled on his present place, and has resided here since. He owns 107 acres in this township, which he has earned by his own labor, having atai without any capital. WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. EDMUND ALLEN, proprietor of the he engaged in mercantile business ; Mr. Wilmington Butter and Cheese Factory, Alkn put up the first barrel of beef that Wilmington; born in Broome Co., N. Y., was sent from Chicago to the New York May 21, 1814; removed to Illinois in the market; the packing was done at the pack- summer of 1835, locating at Joliet, where ing-house of G. W. Doll, and the beef 802 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: shipped by the old favorite steamer Illi- nois to Ralph Mead, New York City. Jan. 1, 1814, he removed to Wilmington, engaged in merchandising and milling, at the same time making the butter trade a specialty, being instrumental in establish- ing a trade in the latter commodity which has placed Wilmington foremost as a market for a good grade of butter ; since 1856, he has given his entire attention to this line of business, buying and shipping to the St. Louis market, until 1875, when he erected one of the best butter and cheese factories of the Northwest. Mar- ried in 1842 to Miss Elizabeth Shoemaker, who was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; four children by this union — Robert L., Edmund A., John J. and Mary E. VINCENT BANYARD, staple and fancy groceries, wooden and willow ware, confectionery and bakery, Wilmington ; born in County of Norfolk, England, Sept. 23, 1830; came to this country in 1850, locating in Erie Co., Penn., and, five years later, removed to Union Co., Iowa; came to Wilmington, his present home, in 1859, and engaged in his present line of business in the building formerly occupied by Mr. Mitchell, and known as the Eagle Hotel; he built the store he now occupies in 1865 ; was a member of the City Council in 1865-66. Married in 1863 to Miss Mary A. Dickson, who was born in Erie Co., Penn., Dec. 12, 1844; three children by this union — Bessie V., born Jan. 16, 1864; Mary J., Dec. 18, 1865, and Vin- cent W., Oct, 8, 1870. Mr. Banyard is a member of the following Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, and Wilming- ton Chapter, No. 142. ALBERT W. BOWEN, retired, Wil- mington ; born in Berkshire Co., Mass., Feb. 6, 1803, but removed in early child- hood with his father's family to Oneida Co., N. Y., this and Herkimer Co. being his home for many years ; in 1827, he graduated at the Western College of Physicians and Si^rgeons at Fairfield, N. Y., and, six years later, lemoved to Illinois, locating in Joliet in the spring of 1834, where he engaged in the practice of his profession ; in December of the following year, he went to Vandalia, then the State Capital, at his own expense, for the purpose of having Will County set off and the county seat located in Joliet; in 1836, he partially gave up the practice of medicine, and engaged in mercantile business, under the firm name of A. W. Bowen & Co., and the following year purchased a half-interest of Thomas and Joseph Cox in the present city of Wilmington (then called Winches- ter); in 1838-39, he built the Wilming- ton Mill, which was the first flouring-mill built here, and, the same season, sold his store to Gov. Matteson, giving his special attention for several years thereafter to the practice of medicine ; in 1849, it became necessary for him to devote a greater share of his time to his business interests at Wil- mington, and, in the fall of that year, he removed his family. He served as the Treasurer of the Board of School Trustees, for several terms ; also served as member of the Town Board and City Council. Married in March, 1831, to Miss Mary C. Shoemaker, who was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; four children by this union — Rod- ney S., Major of the 100th 111. I.V.; was wounded at the battle of Franklin Dec. 1, 1864, and died of wounds on the 3d. As the Doctor was among the first settlers of the county, much morj will be found con- cerning him in the general history of the county ; also the separate histories of the cities of Joliet and Wilmington given in this work. JOHN BOVEE, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. W^ilmington ; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., Feb. 19, 1831 ; removed to Catta- raugus Co., of that State, in 1836 ; thence to Crawford Co., Penn., in 1841 ; came to Illinois in July, 1854, locating in Rockville Tp., Kankakee Co. Owns 160j acres of land, valued at $8,000. Served as School Trustee one term. Married in 1861 to Miss Sarah A. Frazer, who was born in Wesley Tp., this county; two children — Frank and Mary. LEROY A. BAKER, insurance, Wil- mington ; born in Cortland Co., N. Y., June 10, 1835, where he resided until 1855 ; then removed to Illinois, locating at Wilmington ; was employed in the dry goods store of R. W. Watterman for sev- eral years, and, about one year prior to the rebellion, was engaged at carpenter's work. On the 5th of August, 1861, he enlisted in the 39th (Yates' Phalanx) I. V. I., and, in October, this regiment was ordered to the Army of the Potomac ; commissioned Second Lieutenant Aug. 5, 1861 ; pro- WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 803 nioted to First Lieutenant Nov. 17, 18G1, I and, on the 1st of the followin}^ month, re- 1 ceived a Captain's commission ; at the bat- tle of" l^et'i' Run, Va., ho was severely wounded, losiiiij; his left U'g, Au^. IG, 18G4, and, on the 17th of the following I December, at his rei|uest. he was mustered out, by order of the War Department. Was appointed Postmaster at Wilmington in June, 18G5, and held the office up to the time of his resignation, April 1, 1874; has served as School In-spector, School Trustee and Town Clerk, and is now Dep- uty Sheriff". Married, in 1857, to Miss Betsey E. Spicer, who was born in Cort- land Co., N. Y.; she died in February, 18G1 ; two children — Frank D. and Lizzie B. Was again married, in 1861, to Miss Mary L. Spicer, who was born in Cortland, N. Y. ; one child by this union — Minnie C. Mr. Baker is a member of the follow- ing Masonic bodies: Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, and Wilmington Chapter, No. 142. ROBERT H. BEGGS, Principal Pub- lic Schools, Wilmington ; born near Vir- ginia, 111., Sept. 24, 1844 ; lived on farm till 18G5, teaching at intervals during the last three years of this time ; graduated at Illinois College in 1868; taught three years in Virginia. 111., as Principal ; gradu- ated at Illinois Normal University inl872 ; returned to Virginia the same year, as Su- perintendent of Schools and Principal of High School, retaining the position till 1875. Married Gertrude Town, of Bloom- ington. 111., Sept. 1, 1875, and removed to Wilmington shortly afterward, to take charge of the public schools, which posi- tion he still retains; two children — Helen Orlena, born Sept. 18, 1876, and DoUie Kate, born Jan. 2, 1878. UOxMER C. CASTLE, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Wilmington ; born in Ontario Co., N. Y., May 22; 1884, where he resided till 1854, when he removed to Illinois, locating in Wesley Tp., this county ; he also resided in Homer and Wilton Tps., and in 1867, removed to his present location ; owns IGO acres of land, valued at $8,000. Married, in 1856, to Miss Adaline Gooding, who was born in Ontario Co., N. Y. ; nine children by this union. Mr. Castle is extensively engaged in breeding and shipping Poland-China hogs. EDWARD D. CONLEY, Wilmington ; born in Toronto, Canada, in 1844, and soon afterward came to the United States, .settling in Buft'alo, N. Y.; removed to Wilmington, 111., in May, 184!). At 19, enlisted as a private in the 3t)th I. V. I„ and .served about two years; participated in Grant's last campaign, and was present at Lee's surrender at Appomattox ; on his regiment's muster-out, he returned home and resumed going to school. In 18G7, engaged in the furniture and undertaking business, in which he had alreadj' served an apprenticeship ; afterward, became a drusr store clerk, and also dabbled some in writing newspaper locals and verse ; pur- chased a half interest in the Peoples Ad- vocate newspaper in February, 1871, and became sole editor and proprietor in 1872. Was repeatedly elected to the town and city clerkships. On Dec. 28, 1874, was married to Miss Mary A. O'Connell. Is still publisher of the Wilmington Advocate, up to the date of this publication. HERBERT L. CADY ( Holmes& Cady, hardware, Braidwood ) ; P. O. Wilmington ; born in Essex Co., N. Y., July 16, 1834, where he resided until his removal to Illi- nois in 1861 ; he first located at Lockport, this county ; in 1863, he took charge of the Braceville Coal Shaft, the mining in- terest then just developing in this part of the State, this shaft being the first operated in that locality ; in 1866, he removed to Wilmington, his present home, and the same year Odell & Cady leased land of D. Glenney and opened what was known as the Glenney Shaft, which they sold to A. B. Meeker the following year; in 1871, the firm of Holmes & Cady engaged in the hardware business at Braidwood, and now have, in connection with that line, a harness shop at Wilmington and Braidwood. In 1858, he was married to Miss Lucy, daugh- ter of William L. Wadhams ; she was born in Essex Co., N. Y.; had four children by this union — AVilliam L., Frederick E., Herbert A. and Frank B. ( deceased ). Mr. C. is a member of the following Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, and Wilmington Chapter, No. 142. EDWARD DON AHOE, groceries, pro- visions, crockery, glassware, etc.; Wilming- ton ; born in County Tijtperary, Ireland, Jan. 7, 1848 ; came to this country in early childhood with his jiarents, who located at 804 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Joliet, this county, in April,, 1854 ; in September, 18t)7, he removed to Wilming- ton and engaged in business, and, in 1874, established a branch store at Braidwood, A^iich he afterward gave to his brother John T.; was member of the City Council in 187(5-77. Married Feb. 1, 1872, to Miss Bridget M. Feehan, who was born in Ireland ; have three children by this union — Mary J., Timothy J. and Mathew J. C. HILL DUCK, editor and publisher of the Wilminoton Phoenix, Wilmington; born in Du Page Co., 111., May 15, 1842, but moved to Chicago in early childhood, where he resided until 1854, when he moved to Lockport, this county, and en- tered the drug store of Dr. Hanley, with whom he remained four years ; then re- turned to Chicago and continued in the same business. In 1862, he enlisted in Co. I, 127th 111. V. I., and the same year he was appointed Hospital Steward, Acting- Assistant Surgeon ; mustered out in the latter part of 1863. Soon after his return from the army, he located at Seneca, La Salle Co., and engaged in mercantile busi- ness under the firm name of Wright & Duck ; in April, 1877, he took charge of the Wilmington Phoenix, as editor and publisher : Mr. Duck is now a member of Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, A., F. & A. M.; also Past Master and charter member of Seneca Lodge, No. 532. JAMES E. EVANS; livery and feed stable, Wilmington ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 8, 1853, but moved to Illinois in early childhood with his parents, who located in Will Co. in 1856; removed to Wesley Tp., this county, in 1860 ; in 1865, he removed to Hamilton Co., Iowa ; thence to Chicago in 1872 ; came to Wilmington, his present home, and engaged in the livery business in May, 1877. BRYAN FISHER, miller, Wilming- ton ; born in Chester Co.. Penn., Sept. 18, 1824 ; removed to Illinois with his father's family in June, 1839, stopping in Chicago for a few montlis and locating in Wilming- ton, his present home, in the following September ; Mr. Fisher has been engaged in milling since he came to this city, a period of nearly forty years. In 1850, he was married to Miss Lucy A. Hitchcock, who was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; five children by this union — Eliza J., Thomas B., Cornelia, Maria L. and Walter F. JOHN C. FISHER (J. C. Fisher & Co.), milling, Wilmington; born in Rochester, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1834 ; when about 5 years of age, his father's family removed to Illinois, and, after a short stay in Chicago, located in Wilmington, in Sep- tembeT, 1339; here his father engaged in the milling business, which he followed up to the time of his death. The subject of this sketch has followed his present busi- ness since boyhood,* and, in 1860, pur- chased an interest in the mill ; owns forty acres of coal land, valued at $4,000, and city property, including mill interest, valued at $30,000 ; served as member of City Council in 1870. Married, in 1858, Miss Annie F. Ford, who was bora in the North of Ireland ; seven children by this union, five livings John T., George R., Frank C, Charles V. and Fannie F. ; lost one— Mary C., died in 1867. RICHARD H. GURNEY, livery, Wilmington ; born in Gloucestershire, En- gland, Feb. 9, 1837 ; came to the United States with his father's family, locating at Joliet, this county, in 1844 ; after a resid- ence in Channahon Tp. for several years, he removed to Wilmingtou, his present home, in 1863, and engaged in his present business ; owns 720 acres of farm and coal lands, valued at $30,000, and city property valued at $10,000 ; was a member of City Council in 1869 and 1870 ; member of Wil- mington Lodge, No. 208, A., F. & A. M.; Mr. Gurney is giving considerable atten- tion to the breeding of Norman grades of horses, and also extensively engaged in raising cattle for Chicago and other markets. MILTON H. HILBURN, proprietor of Phoenix Foundry & .Machine-Shops, Wil- mington ; born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan. 31, 1828, but removed, when about 9 years of age, to Columbia Co., Penn., where he resided until 1847, then remov- ing to Illinois, and, after spending about one year in other parts of this county, located at Wilmington in the fall of the following year, when he engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements, making the manufacture of plows a spe- cialty; in 1867, he removed to Ilion, N. Y., where he continued in the same busi- ness until his return to this city in 1877 ; WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP 805 was II member of the Boai'd of Trustees in 18G4; durinji; his term of service, the charter of the town of Wihnintrtmi was amended and the city incorporated. Mar- ried, in 185S, to Miss Sarah Tattle, who was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; she died in 18r)5; their (huii!;ht('r, Sarah J., died in 185t); was again married, in 1858, to Adalade J. Marsh, who was born in Hartford, Conn. ; throe eliildron, one liv- inj: — Cora E.; Etta E. died in 18()3 ; MiUon M., in 1874. Mr. Hilburn is a member of the following Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, Wilmington Chapter, No. 142, and Joliet Commandery, No. 4. HKNRY F. HOWLAND, Sr., dealer in furniture, Wilmington ; born in See- konk, Mass., May 5, 1836; removed to Providence, R. I., in childhood, which was his home until he came West ; removed to Illinois in 1870, locating at Wilming- ton, his present home. Married in 1857 to" Miss Mary Carlin, who was born in Ireland ; seven children by this union, four" living — Mary E., Ludia A., Henry F., Jr., and John F.; lost three — Lydia, Susan and Joseph. WILLIAM HART, draying, Wilming- ton ; born in county of Kent, England, March 14, 1819; entered the navy of his native country in 1835, serving until 1841, when he entered the merchant service, where he remained two years; in 1850, he moved to this country, locating at Wil- mington, his present home, Saturday, Nov. 30. Married in 1845 to Miss Isabella A. Knight, who was born in county of Kent, England ; they have one child by adoption — Bertha. Mr. Hart is a member of the following Masonic bodies, Wil- mington Lodge, No. 208. and Wilmington Chapter, No."l42. JOHN HOLMES, contractor and build- er, Wilmington ; born in Glasgow, Scot- land, Dec. 17, 1832 ; came to this country in 1857, stopping for a short time in Chi- cago, and locating in Wilmington, his present home, in October of that year, where he engaged in contracting and building; in 1867, the firm of Clute & Holmes built the planing-mill which they operated in connection with contracting and building for several years. Married in 1862 to Miss Adeline E. Kelley, who was born in Wesley Tp., this county ; five children by tlii.s union, four living — Fred G., Mabel, Isabelle and James; Frankie died in 1864. Mr. Holmes is a member of Talmud Jyodge, No. 24, Knights of Pythias. JOHN D. HENDERSON, Henderson & Stewart, dry goo(is, Wilmington ; born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., December, 1814, where he resided until his removal to Illi- nois in 1845, locating at- Joliet in the spring of that year ; in connection with the work on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, then in progress, he superintended the work on the upper dam at Joliet ; in 3Iay, 1848, he removed to his present home, and engaged in mercantile business, under the firm name of Bowen & Hender- son, which continued until 1857, when Dr. Bowen's interest was purchased by Geo. T. Stewart, member of the present firm. Mr. Henderson has served in various official capacities ; was member of the first Board of Trustees of the town of Wil- min'j;ton in 1854; also served as Mayor of the city in 1867, 1868 and 1869. Mar- ried in 1837 to Miss Helen M., daughter of Daniel Johnson, of New York ; by this union there are two children — Helen L. and Mary A. JOHN B. JOHNSON (Johnson & Rowe), contractors and builders, Wilming- ton; born in Erie Co., Penn., Feb. 8, 1830 ; removed to Illinois in October, 1851, lo- cating in Wilmington, his present home, where he engaged in contracting and build- ing, which he has followed for nearly twenty-seven years; in 1868, he was em- ployed by the Cayuga Chief Manufactur- ing Co., and spent several years in traveling throughout the Northwestern States, re- siding at Aurora during that period. Married in 1854 to Miss Anna M. Jones, who was born in Madison Co., N. Y. ; two children by this union — William H. and Anna H. Mr. Johnson is a member of the following Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, Wilmington Chapter No. 142, and Joliet Commandery, No. 4. ORREN S. KNAPP, teaming, Wil- mington ; born in Channahon Tp., this county, Oct. 14, 1836 ; his father, Ira 0. Knapp, was one of the first settlers of the township, locating there in the fall of 1834, and now resides on the original claim made; the subject of this sketch removed to Wil- mington Tp. in 1860, locating on a farm 806 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES on Sec. 4, where he resided until 1872, removing to Wilmington, his present home, that year ; owns 320 acres of land, valued at SI 2,800. Married in 1858 to Miss Elizabeth C, daughter of Henry Althouse; she was born in Florence Tp., this county; five children — Ira 0., 3Iinnie E., Herman, Mason and Samuel. TOWNSEND W. KAHLER, grocery and bakery, Wilmington ; born in Colum- bia Co., Penn.j'Aug. 15, 1836, where he resided until his removal to Illinois, in May, 1859, locating in Florence Tp., this county, where he engaged first in teaching, and afterward in farming ; removed to Wilmington, his present home, in 1872, and engaged in his present business, under the firm name of McQueen, Kahler & Co., which was soon after changed to McQueen & Kahler, and, two years later, he sold his interest in the firm, and commenced busi- ness on his own account ; owns eighty acres of land in Florence Tp., valued at $3,000, and city property to the value of SI, 000. Served as Town Clerk, in Flor- ence Tp., two years, and member of the Board of School Trustees, in this town- ship. Married in 1858 to Miss Emily Price, who was born in Columbia Co., Penn. ; one child by this union — Clarence H. Mr. K. is a member Lodge, No. 301,1. 0. 0. F. SOLOMON LOUER, clothing and gents' furnishing goods, Wilmington ; born in Bavaria, Germany, March 26, 1826 ; came to this country 1845, locating in Greene Co., N. Y., where he resided until 1852, then removed to Massachusetts; thence to Illinois the following year, locating at Joliet, where he engaged in his present line of trade, and is now the oldest established house in the line of clothing and gents' furnishing goods in Will Co.; in 1860, he established his Wil- mington store, continuing both houses un- til 1875, when he sold his stock at Joliet. Married in 1857 to Mi.ss Regina Bohm, who was born in Bavaria, Germany ; nine children by this union, six of whom are living — Albert, Charles, Helen, Emma, Cora and Daisy ; lost three — Hedwig, Henry and Edward. ADDISON I. LYON, restaurant, Wil- mington ; born in Allegany Co., N. Y., April 23, 1828; removed to Michigan in early childhood with his parents, who set- of Wilmington tied in Kalamazoo Co., that State, in 1833; in December, 1854, he removed to Kanka- kee City, Kankakee Co., 111., then a town of about 300 inhabitants, where he opened a harness-shop, but soon sold to another party ; these, he says, were hard times, and, in order to pay his taxes, which amounted to the sum of only sixty cents, he borrowed a gun and ammunition, went out in search of game, and, at three shots, secured one dozen prairie chickens, sold them for $1.25, and met the demands against him ; he followed farming for some ten years near the city, and) in 1866, removed to Wilmington, his present home. Served as member of the City Council in 1870 and 1871; City Marshal in 1872 and 1873. Married in 1851 to Miss Sarah E. Stewart, who was born in New York ; she died April 28, 1861; three children, two living — Worthington A. and Edward S. Anna E. died May 28, 1861. Was again married in 1862 to Mrs. Mary E. Robinson (Marks) ; she was born in Seneca Co., N. Y. Mr. L. is a member of Will Lodge, No. 301, I. 0. 0. F., and Talmud Lodge, No. 24, K. of P., at Braidwood, 111. MOSES MERRILL, fiirmer and local preacher ; P. 0. Wilmington ; Mr. Mer- rill is a native of New Hampshire ; he was born at Warren, in that State. Married his wife at Haverhill, and removed to Ohio in 1838, settling near Cleveland, at the village of Brooklyn ; in early life, his plan was to enter the ministry ; he com- menced his course of education to that end ; he fitted for Dartmouth College at Newbury, Vt., but a severe illness, long protracted, hindered his carrying out this idea ; nevertheless, he pursued his classical studies, of which he was very fond, until he had read the whole college course ; he has kept up his Greek to the present day, and now, at the age of 78, he reads it with as much ease and correctness as a college professor; at Brooklyn he established a school — Brooklyn Academy — of which he was Principal for several years, but his health failing him, he made up his mind to remove West and engage in farming ; he came to this State in 1849, and settled at Riverside, his present place of residence, one mile below Wilmington. JOHN W. MERRILL, attorney, Wil- mington ; is the son of Moses Merrill, and was born at Rumney, N. H., Aug. 30,, WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 8»)7 1829 ; he received his education chiefly at ' Brooklyn Academy, Ohio, pursuin; father's private tuition ; concluding;' to make law his profession, he entered Judge Norton's office at Joliet in 1856, and after reading the usual length of time he was admitted to practice ; his diploma, signed hy Sidney Breese, Chief Justice of the State, is dated April 19, 1859 ; after spending a year or > more in a real estate office in Chicago as an examiner of titles, etc., he returned to Wil- | mington, in this county, and opened an office, where he has continued to practice as an attorney up to the present time. THOMAS S McINTOSH, dealer in paints, oils, varnish, gla.ss, hrushes, wall paper, etc., Wilmington, 111. ; born in Wil- mington, Will Co., 111., Aug. 25, 1841 ; his father, Daniel Mcintosh, who was a native of Scotland, was among the first settlers of Wilmington, locatinu here in the winter of 1836 and 1837. ^Thomas S. followed farming till 1864, and then engaged in his present business, which he has followed since. Married in 1866 to Miss Emma E., daughter of Charles Cottel ; she was \ born in W;ushington Co., Me.; four chil- dren by this union, three living — Alice, Nellie and Emma. Laura died Aug. 8, 1878. Mr. Mcintosh enlisted in the 138th I. V. I. in 1864, and served until the close of the war. Member of Will Lodge, No. 301, I. 0. 0. F. THOMAS McQUEEN (McQueen & Morris), grocery and bakery, Wilmington ; wa.s born in the city of Pai-sley, Scotland, Sept. 12, 1841, but removed to this coun- try in early childhood with his father's family ; they settled in Fulton Co., N. Y., in 1842, where the subject of this sketch resided until 1861, then removed to Illi- nois, locating in Florence Tp., this county, and engaged in farming ; served as Col- lector, Postmaster and School Director, one term each. On the 7th of August, 1862, he enlisted in Co. A, 100th Regt. I. V. I.; wounded at the battle of Chick amauga, Sept. 19, 1863, and discharged the follow- ing June, on account of gunshot wounds. Removed to Wilmington in 1 872. and en- gaged in his present business. Married in 1870 to Mi.ss Helen Corbett, who was born in Florence Tp., this county. Mr. McQueen is a member of Bowen Post, No. 17, G. A. R. WILLIAM McINTOSH, manufacturer of farm-wagons, Wilmington ; was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y." July 12, 1825, but resided in difterent parts of the State, his father being engaged on public works f(u- many years ; removed to Illinois with his father's family in the winter of 1836-37, making the journey by laud, in wagons and sleighs, locating first, in Flor- ence Tp., this county, twn miles east of the present city of Wilmiuyton; he re- moved to Wilmington 1843, and learned blacksmithing, and, in 1856, engaged in the manufacturing business. Married in 1847, to Miss Sarah, daughter (»f John Fisher ; she was born in Pennsylvania ; five children by this union — Elizabeth, (wife of I. Barker), Margrie (wife of D. Hart), Mary, Fannie and William. FRANKLIN MITCHELL, market \ gardener, Wilmington ; was born in what is now Sullivan, then a part of Chester Co., N. H., Feb. 8, 1812, but removed when quite young, to Windsor Co., Vt., where he resided until 1833 ; thence to Jeffijrson Co., N. Y.; in April, 1836, he removed to Illinois, locating at Joliet, where he engaged in the mercantile business, and, four years later, to Wil- mington, continuing in the same business for one year, under the firm name of Mitchell (& RolCe; in 1841, he opened the Eagle Hotel, in a building on the corner where A. D. Wright's store now stands, and, in 1844, he erected a brick building for that purpose, which wtis the first hotel built in the city ; this he occupied until 1862 ; owns sixty acres of land, valued at $1,800, and city property valued at S12,000 ; member of the Board of Town Trustees, in 1857 ; also served as County Commissioner some twelve years. Married in 1838, to Miss Hannah Poor, who was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y.; she died Jan. 15, 1847; four children by this union — William C, Mary A. (wife of Wm. H. Vaughn), and Carrie P. (wife of Thos. C. Linton), and Charles F., who enlisted in Co. A, 100th Regt. I. V. I., in August, 1862 ; commissioned Second Lieutenant Aug. 30, 1862, wounded at the battle of Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862 ; died of wounds, Jan. 4, 1863. His second mar- riage was in 1850, to Miss Ann Van De . Car, who was born in Canada ; four chil- dren — Josephine (wife of John R. Getty), 808 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ; Louisa (wife of Frank Burnham), Fran D. and Georgiana. Mr. Mitchell is a member of the following Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, Wilmington Chapter. No. 142, and Joliet Commandery. No. 4. H. F. MOULTON, conductor C, A. & St. L. R. R., Wilmington ; was born near Portland, Me., Feb. 4, 1830 ; when about 15 years of age, he left his native State and went to Massachusetts, where he ■was employed for several years in the fac- tories at Lowell and Lawrence; in 1853, he removed to Illinois, locating at Bloom- ington, McLean Co., and. on the 1st of August of the following year, engaged as brakeman on the Chicago & Alton R. R., which was put in operation that season ; in the spring of 1855, he took charge of a freight train, as conductor, and in Febru- ary, 1861, was transferred to a passenger train, which position he has held for over seventeen years, without loss of time, and is now the oldest in the service of any conductor on the road. Married in 1856 to Miss Josephine Connor, who was born in New York City ; four children by this union — Belle, Jennie, Charles and Harry. Mr. Moulton is a member of the following Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, Joliet Chapter, No. 27, and Joliet Commandery, No. 4. His longest absence from service on the railroad was during his trip to England, from June to Sep- tember, 1877. DAVID R. MONTBITH, Bogart & Monteith, Center Market, Wilmington ; born in Watertown, Jeft'erson Co., N. Y., Oct. 26, 1836, but removed to Illinois in early childhood with his father's family, locating at Monteith's Grrove, Florence Tp., this county, in 1840 ; his father superintended Gov. Matteson's woolen- mill at Joliet, fur several years, but on account of failing health removed to Wil- mington ; the subject of this sketch made the overland journey to Montana in 1866, with the Montana Gold & Silver Minirkg Co. of Philadelphia ; from Ft. Laramie they took the new route, called Boseman's Cut-off, 300 miles nearer than the old Salt Lake route, reaching Virginia City on the 4th of October ; this route, though less in distance, was far more dangerous ; Mr, M. acted as scout during the trip, having encounters with the Indians nearly every day ; his letters to the Independent of April 3 and Sept. 25, 1867, give a full account of the trip and life in the mines during his stay ; he visited mines in Washington Territory, Montana. Idaho, California and Utah, returning in 1869; owns 184 acres of laud, valued at $7,200. Married in 1869, to Miss Sarah J. Bell, who was born in Ohio ; three children by this union — Mamie, Fred and Ern- GSfc ARCHIBALD J. McINTYRE (de- ceased), Wilmington Tp.; born in Fulton Co., N. Y., in 1814; removed to Illinois in 1837, locating in Wilmington, where he first engaged in farming ; afterward, in mercantile pursuits for several years ; at the organization of the First National Bank of Wilmington, he became Presi- dent, which position he held up to the time of his death, which occurred on the 2d day of March, 1877. In 1865, he was elected to the Statei Legislature on the Republican ticket, serving during the session of 1865-66. Married in July, 1845, to Miss Jane Whitten, who was born in DarHng, Canada; by this union there were ten children, seven of whom are living — Annie (wife of M. N. M. Stewart), Nettie, Mary, Maggie, Archibald J., Lottie and Nellie ; three deceased — John, Andrew and (Teorae. DENNIS E. O'HERON (D. E. O'Heron & Co.), grocers, Wilmington; born in Cork, Ireland, Dec. 4, 1846, but removed to this country in early child- hood, with his parents, locating in New York City in 1852, where he resided about five years ; then removed to Illinois, locating at Wilmington, his present home ; his early experience in his present line of business was first with D. L. Bachelers, and afterward with Randall Bros., of Wil- mington, serving also as clerk in the stores of Geo. Monroe & Sons, and Chittenden, Northup & Co., of Joliet ; in March, 1876, he commenced business at his pres- ent location, on his own account, Mr. W. C. Mitchell becoming a pai'tncr in April of the present year. Married in 1875, to Miss Sarah M., daughter of Norman H. Case ; she was born in Connecticut ; two children by this union, one living — Katie May; Norman C. died Sept. 17, 1876. Mr. O'Heron is a member of the follow- ing Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 809 No. 208, WilmintitDn Chapter. No. U2, and Joliet Comiiiaiuk'rv, No. 4. JAMES A. 1»K1111Y, proprietor of Riverview Sttxk Farm ; P. O. Wiliiiiii-j:- toii ; born in Wliitestown, Oneida Co., N. Y.,' Aug. G, 1832 ; where he resided until 1S51>, when he removed to Illinois, and, after a short stay in Chicago, loeated in Florenee Tp., this county, in the fall of that year ; he followed farming for several years, and afterward enira'jred in the grain trade at El wood ; since IStU, he has been engaged in raising, importing and export- ing Norman and English thorough-bred horses, having now on hand a large num- ber of fine horses at Riverview Stock Farm, near Wilmington; owns 425 acres of good fiirm land. Married in 1854 to jMiss Esther Rockfeleller, who was born in the State of New York. SAMUEL RAUWORTH, proprietor of the Cit}^ Meat Market, Wilmington ; born in Sheffield, England, May 12, 1842 ; came to this country in October, 1860, lo- cating in Wilton Tp., this county, where he engaged in farming, working in the packing houses in the city of Chicago dur- ing the winters; in 1870, he returned to England, remaining there about six months ; on his return, he took up his residence at former location, where he resided until 1877; then locating in this city and en- gaging in his present business; owns 120 acres of land in Iowa, valued at $3,240. INIarried in 1864 to Miss Hannah, daugh- ter of Charles Robinson ; she w;\s born in Edwinstowe, England ; had seven children by this union, five living — Lottj'-, Harry, Ellen, Gracie D. and Eddie S.; Joseph B. died Feb. 26, 1866. and Florence P. Feb. 28, 1869. Mr. R.' is a member of Will Lodge, No. 301, I. 0. 0. F. WESLEY P. RAY, (Ray & Thomp- son, dealers in grain, coal, live and dressed hogs), Wilmington ; b 'rn in Monroe, Sara- toga Co., N. Y., Dec. 28, 1825 ; removed to Western New York when about 7 years of age, his parents locating' in Chautauqua Co.; in 1840, he removed to the State of Michigan; thence to Illinois in 1844, lo- locating at Lockport, this county, and four years later, came to Wilmington, his pres- ent home ; in 1850, he went to California, by the way of tlie Isthmus, reaching San Francisco, then a city of tents, in Novem- ber of that year, and engaged in mining operations, which he followed till 1855; then returned to the States ; his second trip to the Pacific Slope was made in 1H60, by the overland route; spent considerable time in prospecting in the mining districts of California, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Montana, and, in 1862, his exploring party (led by a Mr. (irimes, who wivs killed in an encounter with the Indians) di.scovered the Boise mines of Idaho ; he was also among the first at the Owyhee mines, and in 1863, he discovered the Poor Man's Mine, which proved to be one of the richest silver-mines of the Pacific Slope. Married Jan. 1, 1850, to Miss Susan L.Tuttle, who was born near Portland, Me.; had five chil- dren by this union, four living — R. Belle, Joseph H., Georgie L. and Susie; Frank died in 1876 from injuries sustained while getting oflf the cars near Joliet. JOHN P. . RANSOM, Justice of the Peace and insurance agent, Wilmington ; born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Nov. 29, 1817 ; removed to Illinois in Jiine, 1844, locating in what is now Richmond Tp., Mc- Henry Co.; served as Assessor in that town in 1850 ; this was the first assessment made after the township organization ; he followed farming until 1851 ; then en- gaged as millwright till 1862. Enlisted in Co. H, 95th 111. v.. L, Aug 13, 1862; commissioned Second Lieutenant in June, 1863, having command of the company in all the following engagements : Champion • Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Red River cam- paign, Guntown, Miss., siege of Mobile and battle at N ashville ; mustered out Aug. 22, 1865. Removed to Wilmington in 1868, and engaged in the grocery business ; was elected Justice of the Peace in 1873; re-elected in 1877. Married in December, 1842, to Jane M. Denison, who was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; she died in 1849 ; had two children by this union, one living — Mariah, widow of Eugene I. Thomas ; El- len, wife of A. Brown, died in June, 1866. He was again married in 1850 to Louisa A. Streeter ; she was born in Ontario Co., N. Y.; had two children, one living — John C; Martha died in 1855. Mr. R. is a mem- ber of Wilmington Lodge. No. 208, A., F. & A. M. and Will Lodgcj No. 301, I. 0. 0. F. ORLANDO D. ROWE (Johnson & Rowe. contractors and builders), Wilming- ton ; born in Warren Co., Penn., Jan. 12, 810 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 1843; moved to Ottawa Co., Mich., in 1855, where he resided until 1870, remov- ing to Topeka, Kan., that year ; came to Wilmington, his present home, in 1875. Married in 1871 to Miss Frances E. Spen- cer, who was born in Branch Co., Mich., in 1853 ; have three children by this union — Elanor M., Mary A. and Eva M. Mr. Rowe is a member of Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, A., F. & A. xM. He'' en- listed in the 3d Mich. V. I. in June, 1801 ; transferred to Battery K, first U. S. Artil- lery, Jan. 3, 18G3, and remained in the service until June 10, 1864; participated during his term of service in the following battles; Blackburn's Ford, July 18, 19, and 20, 1861 ; first Bull Run, July 21 ; all engagements on the Peninsula up to and including the battle of Williamsburg; Chancellorsville, May 4, 1863; Beverley's Ford, June 9; Upperville, June 19, 20 and 21; Gettysburg, Md., July 3 ; Williamsport, July 6 ; Boonsboro, July 7 and 8 ; Brandy Station, Aug. 1 and 4; Culpeper, Sept. 13; Rapidan River, Sept. 14; movements against Richmond from May 4 to June 10, 1864. FRANCIS SHIELDS, groceries and farming, Wilmington; born in County Roscommon, Ireland, in 1833 ; removed to this country in 1852, locating in New York City, where he engaged as clerk in a wholesale dry goods house, and, two years later, came to this State, locating at Wil- .mington ; in 1856, he engaged in the grocery business; owns 410 acres of land, valued at $10,450, and city property valued at $10,000. Married in 1857 to Miss Elizabeth Mahar, who was born in Queens County, Ireland ; nine children by this union, six of whom are living — Thomas, Mary A., Caroline, Agnes, William and Julia ; lost three — Francis, died in Sep- tember, 1862; Michael, Sept. 29, 1864; Ann, Aug. 21, 1868. SAMUEL SILLIMAN, boots, shoes, hats and caps, Wilmington , born in Will- iams Co., Ohio, June 3, 1848, where he resided until his removal to Wilmington, his present home, in 1870 ; engaged in his present business in the spring of 1874. Married, in 1877, to Miss Lettie, daughter of John Thomson ; she was born in the city of Wilmington ; they have one child — Chauncy L. CHARLES E. STINSON (Trott & Stinsonj, homeopathic physician, Wil- mington; born jiear Bath, Me., Jan. 22, 1848, where he resided until he came West ; he received his early education at Litchfield Academy, graduating at that institution in 1869. and, in September of the following year, removed to Illinois, locating at Wilmington, where he com- menced the study of medicine with Dr. S. E. Trott ; he completed his course of study in the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago, and graduated with the class of '72 and '73 ; commenced the practice of medicine in this city in 1873, and, the fol- lowing year, removed to Pontiac, where he continued his practice for two years, re- turning to Wilmington at the expiration of that time ; he is a member of the Will Lodge, No. 301, I. O. 0. F. ELI D. SMALL, dealer in lumber and agent for the negotiation of loans, Wil- mington ; born in Noblesville, Hamilton Co., Ind., March 5, 1841, but removed to Ohio in early childhood, with his father's family ; thence to this State in 1851, locat- ing in Wilmington Tp., this county ; came to the city of Wilmington, his present home, in 1854; since 1862, he has been engaged in the lumber trade and boating, in connection with other business ; in, 1867, he engaged in mercantile business, under the firm name of Small Bros., which continued till January, 1872, when he dis- posed of his interest in the store, and en- gaged in the lumber business on a more extensive scale, under the firm name of E. D. Small & Co. ; they own propeller Mohawk Belle, and ship all lumber by way of canal and river to their lumber-yards at this place — Horse Creek and Hanford's Landing, the one at Horse Creek opened in 1875, and the latter in 1878. Several experiments have been made by difierent parties, and, up to 1866, over $260,000 had been expended on the Illinois & Michigan Canal and Illinois River in de- vising ways and means by which steam could be made a cheaper means of trans- portation on the canals than horse-power ; great credit is due Mr. Small, owner of the Mohawk Belle, and N. Rullison, owner of the Whale, for their persistency and final success in this undertaking. In June, 1871, he was married to Miss Kate W., youngest daughter of I. B. McGinnes, of Gardner, 111. ; she was born, in New Brunswick, N. J.; two childrea WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 811 by this union — Charles D. and Howard Mc(l. MAL(K)LM N. M. STKWART, l.ank- inir, Wilminjjton ; born in Amsterdam, Mont-om.M-y Co., N. Y., July 1*4, ]S'.U, and is a son of Peter and Elizabeth Stew- art ; in 1836, his father's family removed to Illinois, locatinti in the north part of the present city of Wilminicton. the loca- tion having been selected by his father the year previous ; this has been the home of the subject of this sketch since the above date. At the breaking-out of the war in ISlil, he enlisted in the Chicago Dragoons I (April 17), beins the first volunteer from Will Co.; on the 15th of July, 1862, he enlisted in the 100th I. V. I., receiving his commission of First Lieutenant of Co. A on the 80th of the following month ; promoted to Captain in September, 1864, and on the 13th of March, 1865, received | Brevet Major's commission ; during his terra of service, he participated in the fol- lowing battles; Phillipi, Rich Mountain, Laurel Hill, Chaplin Hill, Stone lliver, Chickamauga, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta, Columbia, Franklin and Nashville. Owns several tracts of farm and coal lands ; also city property. Married in 1871j to Miss An- nie, eldest daughter of A. J. and Jane Mclntyre ; two children by the union — Jean and Margaret. Mr. St(;wart is giv- ing considerable attention to thorough-bred horses, having imported from both France and England some very fine stock. JAM^ES N. STEWART, farmer; P. 0. Wilmington; born in Wilmington Tp., ^Vill Co., 111., July 14, 1838, and is a son of Peter Stewart, who settled there in the spring of 1836 ; this has been the home of Mr. Stewart since childhood, and he is the oldest native-born of Wilmington Tp. now living ; owns an undivided interest in 1,400 acres of farm lands. He was a member of the City Council in 1868, and has served as President of the Board of School Inspectors one term. In 1863, he was married to Mi.ss Emily, daughter of Charles Stowell ; she was born in St. Charles, Kane Co., 111. ; two children by this union — Edward P. and Charles J. Mr. Stewart is giving con.siderable atten- tion to raising fine cattle for Chicago and other markets. DANIEL STEWART, deceased; born in Scotland in the year 17!'y ; in 1825, he removed to this country, locating in Her- kimer Co., N. Y., where he resided until 1836, when he removed to Illinois, locating near Wilmington in the i'all of that year; here he engaged in farming, which was his occupation up to the time of his dfath, which occurred Aug. 15, 1874. His mar- riage to Miss Cali)hurnia Jackson, of Herkimer, N. Y., was in 1836; she sur- vived him but a few years, her death occur- ring Nov. 'J, 1877 ; by this union, there were seven sons, only two of whom are living — Peter D. and Jerome B., now res- idents of Wilmington. Thomas enlisted in the 3()th I. V. I. in Augu.st, 1861; wounded Oct. 13, 1864, at the battle of Peter.sburg, and died of wounds on the 30th of the same month ; Lincoln died at Chicago May 15, 1875. JOHN D. SMALL, general stock of merchandise, Wilmington ; born in Find lay, Hancock Co., Ohio, July 10, 1846; removed to Illinois in the spring of 1852, locating in Wilmington; in 1864, he attended school at Notre Dame, Ind., and four years later commenced business on his own account in this city, purchasing the stock of groceries owned by M. F. Blish. Married in 1868 to Lura Phelps, who was born in Lawrence, Mich. ; three children by this union. Mr. Small is extensively engaged in the butter trade, having shipped over 100,000 pounds during the past year. ROBERT C. THOMPSON (Ray & Thompson, dealers in grain, coal, live and dressed hogs), Wilmington ; born in Gallo- wayshire, Scotland, Nov. 28, 1828; re- moved to this country in childhood with his father's family in 1833, stopping in New York City until the following spring, when they removed to Oneida Co., N. Y.; in 1853, he removed to Illinois, locating in Wilmington, his present home, and soon after engaged in boating on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, which he followed some five years, and then took the position of foreman for Taylor & Co, of Joliet, stone contractors; a few years later, he engaged in the grocery and provision busi- ness at Wilmington, and, in 1868, in the grain trade under the firm name of Ray & Thompson. Has served as Deputy Sheriff of Will Co. four years, Supervisor of Wilmington Tp. three years, and mem- 812 BIOGRA-PHICAL SKETCHES: ber of the City Council six years. Mar- ried ill 1S56 to Miss Christie Zuell, who was born in Johnston, Fulton Co., N. Y. ; one child — Sarah L. Mr. Thompson served as foreman on the mason work in the construction of Hush and Madison Street Bridges, Chicago, using the debris of old Fort Dearborn for the abutment of the former. DAVII> C. THOMPSON, manufact- urer of carriages and farm-wagons, Wil- mington ; born in Wigtonshire, Scotland, Oct. 20, 1820 ; came to this country with his father's family in 1834, settling in Oneida Co., N. Y. ; in 1850, he removed to Illinois, locating in Wilmington, his present home, and four years later engaged in his present business, in which he has continued since. Owns eighty acres of land in this county, valued at $1,500; eighty acres in Minnesota, valued at $1,000, and city property valued at $10,000. Mar- ried in 1847 to Miss Ellen Wright, who was born in England; she died in 1853; three children by this union, one living — James W. John C. died in 1849; Samuel in 1853. Was again married in 1856 to Miss Helen, daughter of H. D. Risley ; she was born in Salina, Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; five children by this union, four living — Ellen E., Jesse D., Frederick W., Helen J. Minerva J. died Nov. 24, 1871. STINSON E. TROTT (Trott & Stin- son), homeopathic physician, Wilmington; born in Whitefield, Lincoln Co., Me., Oct. 26, 1842 ; he received his early education at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, located at Readfield, Me. ; in the winter of 1864 and 1865, he attended lectures at the Com- mercial Hospital and Eclectic Medical In- stitute at Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating at the Hahnemann Medical College at Chi- cago in 1867 ; he commenced the practice of medicine in Iroquois Co., this State, in 1866, and two years later removed to Wil- mington, his present home, where he has been in the constant practice of his profes- .sion since, having also taken an active part in the business interests of the city, espe- cially in connection with the water-power, being instrumental in securing the location of the paper-mill and the adoption by the City Council of the Holly system for pro- tecting the city from fire ; elected Mayor of the city of Wilmington in March, 1877, and is the present incumbent. Mar- ried in 1873 to Miss Augusta J. Swart- hout, who was born in Romulus.; Seneca Co., N. Y. ; one child by this union — Jo- sephine. EDWIN RUTH YEN WILLARD, physician and surgeon, 'Wilmington ; born in Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y., Aug. 29, 1829 ; his father, Samuel Willard, was the son of Nathaniel Willard, of Lancas- ter, Mass. ; he received his education at Fowler's and McElvane's seminaries, in the States of New York and Michigan, and commenced the study of medicine in the ofiice of Samuel Niles, M. D., in 1848 ; attended Rush Medical College, Chicago, graduating at that institution in 1852, lo- cating at Wilmington, his present home, the same year. Served as Vice Pi'esident of Will Co. Medical Society in 1861, Sec- retary in 1865, President in 1876 and member of the Board of Censors of the same ; he is also a member of the Illinois State Medical Society and the American Medical Association ; his contributions to medical literature consist of papers on " Puerperal Fever," " Inversion of the Uterus," " Extraordinary Surgical Cases," " Perineal Section," " Placenta PrjBvia," " Diphtheria," etc. ; he has also furnished the press with frequent contributions. During the war of the rebellion he was Surgeon of the 13th I. V. C. ; held also the different positions of brigade, division and post surgeon ; he continued in active service in the medical department until after the close of the war, and during his term of service was at the following bat- tles : Shiloh, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou Metre, Austin, Little Rock, Benton, Batesville. Pine Bluff, Arkadelphia, Oko- lona, Little Missouri River, Prairie de Ann, Camden, Jenkins' Ferry, Cross Roads, Mount Elba, Douglas Landing and Monticello. Served as Supervisor in 1866 -67, School Inspector several terms and member of the City Council in 1866-67. In 1868, he engaged in the drug business, under the firm name of Willard & Fox, and, the following year, purchased his part- ner's interest; owns 315 acres of land, valued at $15,750, and city property val- ued at $10,000. Married Sepf. 27, 1853, to Miss Ann Mcintosh, who was bom in New York ; five children by this union — George E., now practicing medicine in the -WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 8ia city of Chicairo ; Eujrene S., !Murcia G. A., Samuel aud Daniel Mel. The Doctor has been in the constant practice of his profession in this vicinity since 1852. ANDKKW D. WIUGIIT. dry goods, Wilmington ; born near Edinburgli, Scot- land, Aug. 6, 1833, but removed to Can- ;ida in early childhood, with his parents; in 1858, he came to Illinois, locating at Chicago, where for a time he was employed as clerk in the wholesale and retail establish- ment of Potter Palmer; in 1861, he removed to Elgin, Kane Co., and engaged in the dry goods business, under the firm name of Wright & Martin ; some two years later, he sold his interest in the store to his partner, and afterward ^vas engaged in business at Seneca, La Salle Co., under the firm name of Wright & Duck ; re- moved to Wilmington in 1868, and en- gaged in his present business. Married in 1863 to Miss Susanna B. ^H. Duck, who was born near Naperville, 111. ; four chil- dren by this union — Archibald D., Mabel J., Lottie L. and Georgie L. CHARLES M. W^LLAKD, W^ilming- ton ; born in Friendship, Allegany Co., N. Y., Aug. 25, 1820, where he resided until 1859, then removing to Steuben Co., Ind. ; while a resident of the State of New York, he followed teaching for many years ; in March, 1869, he came to this State, locating at Wilmington, engaging as clerk in the drug store of E. W. Willard for several years. Mr. W. is a member of Will Lodse. No. 301, L 0. 0. F. EKASTUS \V. W^ILLARD, druggist, books and stationery, Wilmington ; born in Allegany Co., N. Y., Oct. 22, 1838; re- moved to Illinois in January, 1856, locat- ing at Wilmington, where he engaged as clerk in the drug store of Dr. Matthew J. Johnson ; this was the first store of its kind established in the city ; Mr. ^Villard's present store contains a part of the furni- ture and fixtures of the former establish- ment, and, as a relic of former days, has in his possession a druggist's show-bottle, first owned by Dr. Bowen, and then by Henderson & Stewart, from whom he pur- chased it and its contents, the latter said to have been manufactured at Aldens dis- tillery, and the age now not less than 30 years. In 1860, he returned to his native State, and enlisted in the 23d N. Y. V. I., in April, 1861, remaining in the army till May, 1863; served as Chief Hospital Steward at Falls Church, Va., and after the army moved to other points, he was commissioned First Lieutenant in the 78th N. Y. V. 1., but did nt)t muster; in May, 1863, he was appointed Enrolling Offieer, and during the following months enrolled the township of Friendship, Allegany Co. ; returned to Illinois in September, 1863, and enlisted in the 138th 111. V. I. the following April ; commissioned First Lieutenant June 21, 186-1. Engaged in his present business in 1865, and, two years later, built the store he now occupies. Marricdin 1871 to Miss Jessie R., daughter of Dr. Daniel and Jessie Duck ; she was born near London, England ; two children —Francis D. and Erastus J. Mr. Willard is a member of the following Masonic bodies : Wilmington Lodge, No. 208, Wilmington Chapter, No. 142, and Joliet Commandery No. 4. JAMES WHITTEN, Cashier of the First National Bank, Wilmington; bom in Canada May 2, 1829, and is a son of Andrew and Janet (McPhee) Whitten, both natives of Scotland, the former born Jan. 12, 1801, and the latter Dec. 13, 1803; they left Scotland May 21, 1821, and located to Canada the same year ; the removal of the family to Illinois was in 1838, locating, first in Dresden, Grundy Co., thence to Wilmington in 1841 ; the subject of this sketch, together with his brother, John Whitten, J. W. Stewart, and others from this place, made the overland trip to California ; they were afterward joined by a company from Joliet, but became sepa- rated from both the Wilmington and Joliet companies, making the last four to six weeks of the journey alone, reaching the Pacific Slope in 1850; he spent about two years in the mining districts of California before his return ; for several years he was engaged in merchandising and farming prior to the opening ol"ihe First National Bank of W^ilmington. which was organized in 1863, and commenced business the fol- lowing year, at which time he became Cashier, and has since held the position. Owns 680 acres of coal lands, valued at $68,000 ; 500 acres of farm lands, valued at §30,000, and city property valued at 820,000. ABNER WRIGHT, stone and brick mason, Wilmington ; born in Steuben Co., 814 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; N. Y., Dec. 27, 1812, afterward residing in Livingston Co., that State, for several 3'cais prior to his coming West; in 1836, he came to Illinois, Wilmington being his first location, which he reached in Decem- ber of that year. Mr. Wright has been engaged in his present business for the most part since his residence here, a period of forty-two years, and in a greater portion of the buildings in this city he can see his handiwork. Owns forty acres of land in Custer Tp., this county, valued at $1,000 ; also city property in Wilmington. WHEATLAND TOWNSHIP. THOMAS BURNET, farmer; P. 0. Tamarack ; was born in Scotland in 1811, and is the son of James Burnet, a weaver by trade; Mr. Burnet, at the age of 12, commenced to learn his trade — weaver ; this business he followed while in Scot- land ; in 1834, he emigrated to America ; he first stopped in Saratoga Co., N. Y. ; here he remained about one and a half years, then West to Michigan and thence to Connecticut; from Connecticut he re- turned to New York, and, in 1852, he came West and settled in Will Co., 111. ; *ere he has remained ever since. Mr. Burnet is one of the deacons in the Union Scotch Church in Wheatland. Married Miss M. Willie, of Ayrshire, Scotland, bv ■whom they have three children. Mr. Burnet owns 105 acres of improved land. He was the cause of naming Tamarack, as, when he came West, he brought some tamarack trees with him ; these were planted, and the present post office Tama- rack derived its name from these trees. WARREN W.BOUGHTON,deceased, Wheatland Tp. ; the subject of this sketch was among the first settlers of Wheatland Tp. ; was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., Feb. 10, 1817, and was the son of Orris and Sibyl Ann (Newel) Boughton, who emigrated West, with six children, to Illi- nois, and settled in Wheatland Tp., Will Co., May, 1842; here they set out in farming. Orris Boughton died in August, 1843, at 61 years of age ; his wife, Sibyl Ann, died in February, I860. Mr. War- ren W. Boughton married Mary Scott, born in Geauga Co., Ohio, Jan. 9, 1822. Mr. Boughton, in 1850, started for the gold-field of California, and died on his way, leaving a wife and two children- Newel J., who was a soldier in the late war; enlisted (1861) in Co. L, Boulton's Battery, and served until the close of the war ; was honorably discharged ; he died in 1876. William D. is working on the old homestead, engaged in farming ; was born in Wheatland' Tp., Will Co., 111., Feb. 28, 1846. Married Miss Emma J. Boardman, daughter of Franklin and Mina (Bates) Boardman, who settled in Will Co. in 1844. JAMES BARCLAY, farmer; P. 0. East Wheatland ; was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, July 16, 1820, and is the son of Andrew Barclay, a weaver by trade ; Mr. Barclay learned the trade of weaver, and was foreman in a weaving department ; in 1856, he emigrated to America, and came direct to Will Co., 111. ; here he has re- sided ever since, engaged in farming. He married Miss Rachel McMicken, of Scot- land. Member of the United Presbyterian Church. FRANKLIN BOARDMAN, farmer; P. 0. East Wheatland ; this gentleman is one of the best known farmers in Wheat- land Tp. ; was born in Colchester, Vt., March 15, 1818, and is the son of Amos and Harriett (Ames") Boardman ; father was born in Burlington, Vt., October, 1789 ; was a farmer, and also engaged in the lumber business ; was a soldier of the war of 1812; he died March 17, 1877; mother was born in Vermont July 22, 1791; died July 29, 1846. Mr. Board- man was raised on his father's farm ; in 1844, he emigrated West, via canal and lake, to Chicago; thence by wagon and team to Will Co. ; he first lived with his uncle two years ; then to the present homestead ; here he has remained ever since, engaged in farming. Mr. Board- man has held several offices of public trust ; was Supervisor in 1854, 1855 and 1856; has held office as Township School Treas- ■/ , .. a| CHANNAHON WHKATLAND TOWNSHIP. 817 urer since 1852; was appointed Postmas- ter at East Wlioatlaiul in altout 1 STO. Mr. Bdardnian is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Baptist Church of Plain- field. He was married Sept. 2, 1842, to Mina Bates, of Colchester, Vt., daughter of Georije Bates, who was born in Thom- son, Conn., 1786, died about 1875, and Mary ( Hine) Bates, born in Colchester, Vt., March 1, 1788; died in the tall of 1874. Mr. Boardman came West and landed in Chicago, having but $33 in n)oiiey ; he came to Will Co. ; with hard labor and gnod management, to-day owns a fine improved farm. JAMES CLOW, farmer; P. 0. East Wheatland; came to Will Co., in 1844; was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland. AUGUSTUS B. COTTON, farmer; P. 0. East Wheatland ; Justice of the Peace; was born in Isle of Wight, Eng., Sept. 14, 1828, and is the son of William and Jane (Brett) Cotton, who emigrated to America in 1841, with four children ; came direct to Will Co., 111., and settled in Plainfield; here they remained until 1843; then to Wheatland Tp. William Cotton was born in Fresh Water, Isle of Wight, Sept. 28, 1790; his wife, Jane Cotton, was born May 15, 1798; they returned to England, and father died at Plymouth, Eng., October, 1870 ; mother died at Leamington, Eng., May, 1870. The children are Caroline (married E. Clark I, born Jan. 12, 1 818, died in the fall of 1853 ; John, born April IG, 1824, died in February, 1842 ; Cornelius, born Jan. 21. 1838, died in September, 1854 ; Will- iam, born July 6, 1840, and Augustus B., who married Georgianna Robins, of En- gland, daughter of James and Sarah Rob- ins ; came to Will Co. in September, 1843; parents both dead. DETMAR DELIUS, farmer; P. 0. Aurora; was born in Germany May 12, 1812, and is the son of William Delius. Mr. Delius emigrated to America, and landed in New York City in 1852 ; he came West and settled near Naperville, 111.; then to the present farm ; he owns eighty acres here ; he and his brother William have been engaged in farming; his brother William is now dead, having died in Auirust, 1878. GEORGE W. DAVIS, flirmer; P.O. Aurora. The subject of this sketch was born in Rutland Co., Vt., and is the son of Jonathan and Jerusha (Lochlin) Davis, who, in 1842, emigrated West and settled 1 in Wheatland Tp., Will Co., III.; here they lived until their death. Jona- than Davis was a soldier in the war of 1812, died Jan. 10, 1850, aged 04 years and G months ; Jerusha Davis died Feb. 9, 185(1, aged Gl years; they came to this country very poor ; they first settled near what is now known as the Vermont School- house, which was erected by the settlers from Vermont, in about 1847. Mr. Davis is the only male that is left in the neigh- borhood out of a large settlement that set- tled in here from Vermont ; he has been engaged in farming and at his trade, wag- on-making, in Will and Grundy Counties. To-day owns a fine improved farm of IGO acres of laud. Married in 1847, to Miss Harriet Curtis, of Vermont, daughter of Thaddeus and Charlotte (Kimble) Curtis, of New Hampshire ; have ten children. DAVID DAGUE, farmer and stock- ' raiser ; P. 0. East Wheatland ; was born in Washington Co., Penn., Feb. 9, 182G ; son of Jacob and Catharine (Belman) Dague ; father was a flirmer, now living in Wayne Co., Ohio, having emigrated there j when Mr. Dague was but 6 years old ; I here Mr. Dague remained until he came to i Will Co., 111., April 15, 1854; here he has remained ever since, engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising, having brought to Wheatland Tp., the first Jersey stock ; this he is engaged in breeding f jr dairy stock ; owns 140 acres of fine, im- proved land, and ranks as one of the lead- ing farmers of Will County. Married Miss C. Grill, of Pennsylvania, by whom he has had five children, three living. I JOHN EICHELBERGER, farmer; ' P. 0. Naperville ; this gentleman was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., Dec. 21, 1814, and is the son of George Eichelberger, of Lancaster Co., Penn., who was a farmer here ; Mr. Eichelberger was brought up on a farm and farmed it through life ; in 1848, he came West to Illinois and pur- chased fifty-four acres of land, paying S200 for the same ; he returned East, and, in 1852, with his wife and two children, came to Will Co., 111., and settled in Wheatland Tp.; here he has remained ever since ; been engaged in farming, and, with hard labor and good management, to-day 11 818 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES owns a fine, improved farm, 276 acres. He married Susan Hembright, of Lancas- ter Co.. Penn. S. B. FllASER, farmer ; P. 0. Plain- field'; this gentleman was born in Sullivan County, N. Y., Sept. 24, 1832, and is the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Brown) Fraser, natives of Ireland, having emi- grated to America when they were young ; Mr. Fraser was brought up on his father's farm, and has been engaged in farming ever since; in 1847, he started West with his father and mother, but on the way his mother took sick on the lake and died in Chicago ; came to Will Co. and first settled near Plainfield, then near Lock- port, thence to Wheatland Tp. here he has remained ever since; owns to-day IGO acres of fine, improved land. Mr. Fraser married Miss Ann Brown, daughter of James Brown. DAVID FRY, farmer ; P. 0. Plain- field ; was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, Dec. 7, 1850, and is the son of Jacob and Catherine (Grill) Fry, who emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1841, then, in 1854, to Wheatland Tp., Will Co., 111.; Mr. Fry was brought up on his father's farm, and has farmed it through life. He was married, Dec. 19, 1872, to Miss Mariah Bopp ; she was born in York Co., Penn., June 27, 1857, and is the daugh- ter of William Bopp, who was born in Saxony, Germany, in July, 1821, and Catherine (Ganserd) Bopp, born in Baden, Germany, in 1828; they emigrated to America in 1852 ; came to Illinois in 1864. Mr. Fry is a member of the Ger- man Lutheran Church, of which Church his father, Jacob, is one of the first members. Have three children. JACOB FRY, farmer; P. 0. Plain- field ; the subject of this sketch is one of the successful farmers of Wheatland Tp.; was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., March 9, 1816, and is the son of Henry Fry, a farmer; Mr. Fry, when he was 12 years of age, was sent out and brought up among strangers, and remained in his native State until 1841 ; he then emigrated West to Ohio, and settled in Wayne Co. ; liere he was engaged at his trade, blacksmith- ing, and remained until 1854 ; then came to Will Co. and settled in Wheatland Tp.; here he has remained ever .since, engaged in farming. He was married to Miss Catherine Grill, of Berks Co., Penn. ; had four children; when he married, he was worth about $150 cash ; he went to work at his ti'ade, blacksmithing, saved a little money, and invested in land, the present farm, and, with hard labor, good manage- ment and industry, to-day owns 871 acres of fine, improved land, with improvements that rank among the first of Will Co. ; Mr. Fry is one of the first members of the German Lutheran Church of Wheatland Township. SAMUEL GRILL, farmer; P. 0. Plainfield; was born in Berks Co., Penn., 1820, and is the son of Samuel and Han- nah Grill, of Pennsylvania ; his father was a farmer ; Mr. Grill was brought up on his father's farm ; in 1841, he moved to Wayne Co., Ohio ; here he was engaged in farming, and remained there until he came to Will Co., 111., in 1854, and settled on the farm he now owns ; when he first came here, he was worth about S3,000 ; lie invested in land, and to-day is one of the successful farmers of Will Co. ; owns 404 acres of fine, improved land. Married Miss I>. Dague, by whom he has had eleven children, eight living. GEORGE HERZOG, farmer; P. 0. Plainfield ; was born in Baden, Germany, July 9, 1836, and is the son of George and Razan (Swenty) Herzog ; father was a firmer ; Mr. Herzog was raised on farm, and, in 1852, emigrated to America, with his parents ; they first settled in York Co., Penn. ; here they were engaged in farm- ing, and, in 1858, he came to Illinois and settled in Will Co. ; here he has remained ever since ; Mr. Herzog came to this county very poor, but, with hard labor and good management, owns 204 acres of land, with improvements that rank with the best in Will Co. He married in 1860 Miss Sarah Grill, ot Lancaster Co., Penn., by whom he has had five children, four living. His father is now living, at the good old age of 69 years ; mother died at 52 years of age. LEONARD HAAG, farmer; P. 0. Aurora; was born in Germany Dec. 7, 1826, and is the son of Peter Haag, of Germany, a weaver by trade ; in 1842, with his father, mother and family, emi- grated to America; first settled in New York State ; remained there about one and a half years, then went West to Illi- WHEATLAND TOWNSHIP. 819 nois, and settled in Kendall Co. ; thence to i Kane Co. ; here four years ; he then, in 1869, settled on the present farm. Mr, Haag married Miss Mary Bruner, of Germany, by whom he has eight chil- dren. 5lr. Haag came to the State very poor, but, with industry, he is one of the successful farmers of Wheatland Tp. ; owns 280 acres of improved land. CHARLES KINLEY, deceased ; was born in Nova Scotia, 1821, and the son of William Kinley, who was a farmer ; Mr. Kinley was brought up on his fiither's farm, and engaged in farming through life ; he came to Will Co. about 1843, and settled on the present homestead with his father and mother and eight children ; his father, William Kinley, died in Oswego, 111., aged 84 years and 7 months; Mr. Charles Kinley was a man who was loved and honored by his fellow-men ; he died June, 1861, leaving an estate of 200 acres of land, which had been made by hard labor and good management, to his wife and five children. He married in 1849 Miss Mary Vinson, born in Prince Ed- ward Island, in 1831, daughter of Will- iam and Mary (Cory) Vinson, of En- gland, who emigrated t"b America 1845; now residents of Plainfield, Will Co., 111. DANIEL LANTZ, farmer; P. 0. Au- rora ; this gentleman was born in Erie Co., Penn., Nov. 23, 1831, and is the son of Peter and Catherine (Schelly) Lantz, of Lancaster Co., Penn. ; father was a farmer, and died in Pennsylvania, at about 53 years of age ; his mother came West to Will Co., and died in 1870, at 73 years of age; Mr. Lantz was raised on a farm ; he came West with mother and family, and settled in Wheatland Tp. ; here they first purchased eighty acres of land, set out and commenced farming, and has been engaged in forming in Wheatland Tp. ever since ; to-day, owns a fine, improved farm of 120 acres. He married Miss Elizabeth Holdi- man, of Pennsylvania, by whom he has had ten children ; seven children living. Mr. Lantz has held several offices of public trust ; was Constable some ten years ; also School Trustee. Is a member of the F^vangelical Church, and is one of the Trustees of this Church. JOHN LANTZ, farmer; P. O. Naper- ville; wasborn in Lancaster Co., Penn., Nov. 26, 1815, and is the son of Peter and Cath- erine (Schelly) Lantz, of Pennsylvania ; father a farmer ; Mr. Lantz was raised on his father's farm, and, in li^'A), came West to Illinois, and settled in Will Co., Wheat- land Tp.; here he has been engaged in farming ; they first purchased eighty acres of land, and Mr. Lantz, by hard work and good manasrement, at one time owned 480 acres of land. He married Annie M. Schott ; have six children — Isaac V., born 1840 (married Lena Staedle, of Germany, who died April, 1876; four children ; he is now farming the old homestead of 200 acres); Jacob, born 1842 (married Isa- bella Fendeman, of Illinois ; five chil- dren); Betsey Ann, born 1843 (married Christian Schaal ; seven children ) ; Sarah L. (married Israel Stark ; seven children) ; Peter, born 1846 (married Amelia Minnich, of Pennsylvania ; two children) ; Susan born 1850 (married John Stoner ; four children). Mr. Lantz has had forty grand- children. Is a member of the Evangel- ical Church. JOHN LEPPERT, JR., farmer ; P. 0. Naperville ; was born in Baden, Ger- many, Sept. 26, 1833, and is the son of John and Magdalene (Baum) Leppert, of Ger- many ; they started for America with six children, and landed in New York City in January, 1854; they came to Will Co., 111., and arrived in Wheatland March 20, 1854; here they set out in farming; first purchased the 160 acres now owned by Mr. George Leppert, at SIO per acre ; here they have remained ever since. Mr. John Leppert, Sr., was born in Baden, Germany, Dec. 15, 1804. Mrs. Magda- lene (Baum) Leppert was born March 12,1803; she died June 11, 1878. John Leppert, Jr., was married, Jan. 24, 1861, to Miss Elizabeth Studle, of Germany ; have three children ; own 160 acres of fine, improved land, which improvement was made principally by his father. GEORGE LEPPERT, farmer; P. 0. Aurora; was'born in Baden, Germany, in 1838, and is the son of John and Magda- lene (Baum) Leppert ; father a farmer ; was born in Baden, Germany, Dec. 15, 1804; mother born March 12, 1803; with six children emigrated to America, and in January, 1854, landed in New York City; they first went to Ross Co., Ohio; here they remained about two months, I then went to Illinois and settled in Wheat- 820 BIOGRilPHICAL SKETCHES : land Tp., Will Co., on the farm that is now owned by Mr. George Leppert ; here they set out in farming; being poor, they worked very hard, and to-day they rank among the successful farmers of Will Co. Mr. John Leppert, St., is one of the first members of the German Lutheran Church of Wheatland Tp.; he and Mr. Jacob Fry were the first Trustees ; these gentlemen took a very active part in erecting the present Lutheran Church of Wheatland Tp. Mrs. Magdalene Leppert died a Christian lady, June 11, 1878. Mr. George Leppert has been married twice ; first wife was Miss Wilmina Schaefer, of Germany ; died in 1868 ; second wife, .Miss Elizabeth Westphal, of Germany; two children — one by first wife and one by second wife. Owns 160 acres of land. JACOB MATTER, farmer; P. 0. Naperville ; was born in Dauphin Co., Penn., Feb. 1, 1818, and is a son of Chris- tian Matter ( was a soldier of the war of 1812), was a shoemaker by trade and was engaged in farming the latter years of his life. Mr. Matter learned the shoemaker trade, but, on account of his health, turned his attention to farming ; moved to Jeffer- son Co., Penn., with his parents; here his father died, leaving a wife and five chil- dren. In 18-44, he came West to Illinois; first settled in Naperville ; his first pur- chase was eighty acres of Government land, at $1.25 per acre, the present farm now farmed by his son Abraham ; Mr. Matter was a resident of Aurora eight years. Married Miss Nancy Milliren, of Jefferson Co., Penn., by whom he has had ten children — five boys and five girls. Abraham was a soldier in the late war; was taken sick at Vicksburg, Miss.; was honorably discharged. JOHN McMICKEN, farmer; P. 0. Aurora ; the subject of this sketch was born in Ayrsliire, Scotland, January, 1815, and is the son of William McMicken, a shoemaker by trade ; he, with wife and four childreif, emigrated to America in 1843 ; came West same year to Milwaukee, Wis., then to Chicago, thence to Aurora, III.; he purcha.sed 160 acres of Govern- ment land, at $1.25 per acre, situated on Sec. 6, Wheatland Tp., Will Co., in 1843 ; this is supposed to be the first entry of Government land in that part of Wheat- land Tp. William McMicken married Grace McCracken, of Ayrshire, Scotland ; both were members of the Union Presby- terian Church of Scotland, he being an Elder of the Church for a number of years; he died August, 1848, aged 65 years; she died in 1857, aged 73 years. Mr. John McMicken is, perhaps, one of the best known farmers of Wheaton Tp.; has held several offices of public trust ; in 1857, he was elected Assessor of Wheat- land Tp.; this office he filled until 1877 ; this year he was elected Supervisor of Wheat- land Tp., which office he still holds ; also, has been Justice of the Peace for the last twelve years ; in all of these offices he has given entire satisfaction, having proved himself a gentleman of acknowledged abil- ity, whose duties have been performed in a faithful manner. He is a Republican in politics. Mr. McMicken was married in 1852 to Miss J. Harvey, of Scotland, daughter of James Harvey. Owns 130 acres of fine, improved land. JAMES PATTERSON, farmer; P. 0. East Wheatland ; was born in Dum- friesshire, Scotland, January, 1832, and is the brother of D. Patterson, who was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, Oct. 8, 1829, who came to Will Co., 111., and set- tled in Wheatland Tp. in 1849; came here very poor, but, with industry, to-day they own 440 acres of land, with improve- ments that rank with the best of Will Co ; in 1853, they purchased the present farm from John H. Hall, who had erected a house 12x14, two stories high, the first floor used for a horse-stable, and the sec- ond story used to sleep in; this house was also the home of Messrs. D. and J. Patterson for several years, and is now standing on the farm. Mr. D. Patterson married in 1859 ■ Miss Jane Williamson, of Scot- land, daughter of John Williamson, a farmer of Lake Co., 111. THOMAS PATTERSON, farmer; P. O. East Wheatland ; was born in Scotland Jan. 14, 1822, and is the son of John and Jane (Howell) Patterson, of Scotland; father was a farmer ; Mr. Patterson emi- grated to America in 1858, and, same year, came to Will Co., 111.; here he has remained ever since. He married Miss Agnes Palmer, of England ; have three children, two daughters and one son. Owns 120 acres of improved land. WHEATLAND TOWNSHIP. 821 MUNGO PATTKKSON, farmer; P. O. East Wheatland ; was bi>rn in Dum- friesshire, Scotland, and is the son of John and Jane (Howell ) Patterson ; his father was a farmer ; Mr. Patterson was raised on his father's farm; in 1S41, he emi- grated to Anierira, and landed in New York City ; he then went to Wayne Co., N. Y.; here he was engaged in farming, and remained there until 1844. While in New York, he was married in 1842 to Miss Agnes Clow, of Scotland. In 1844, they emiixrati'd West to Illinois, and set- tled in VVheatland Tp., Will Co.; here he has remained ever since, engaged in farm- ing. Mr. Patterson is a Presbyterian in religion. Have six children ; Johu was in the late war ; enlisted in the 52d I. V. I., served full time and at the close of the war was honorably discharged, and is now living in Indiana. SAMUEL E. RANCK, farmer; P. 0. East Wheatland ; was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., Jan. 9, 1834 ; his ancestry came, in an early day, from "der Faderland," and settled in the State, purchasing their land directly from William Penn ; Mr, Kauck is able to trace his descent in a di- rect line through six generations, extend- ing through a period of 200 years; his early life was that of a farmer's son ; he enjoyed the advantages of the public schools, and acquired a good common- school education ; having lost his father when he was 14 years of age, his older brother and himself conducted the home farm till he grew to manhood ; in March, 1859, he came West to Illinois, and pur- chased eighty acres in Du Page Tp., Will Co., built a residence thereon, and farmed it six years; he then sold out, and pur- chased where he now lives. He was mar- ried in 1856, to Catherine M. Emery, a native of Pennsylvania ; she died in 1867 ; his second marriage, to Mrs. Barbara Mus- selman, occurred in 1868 ; from first wed- lock, six children were born — Matrsrie A., Carrie E., Ida F., Mary C, Effie C7, Min- nie A. ; of these, Mary C. is deceased. Owns 165 acres, valued at $12,000. Has held the office of School Director for the past twelve years. He also owns 160 acres in Texas. JOHN ROBINS, farmer; P. 0. Ea.st Wheatland ; was born in the Isle of Wight, England, Feb. 7, 1824, and is the son of James and Sarah Robins ; his father was a pilot; he, with wife and fam- ily in 1843, emigrated to America ; rame direct to Illinois, and settled in Wheatland Tp.; here they ])urcha.sed forty acres of land, and built a small house and commenced farming; father died the second winter after they came here; mother died Oct. 6, 1870, "aged 78 years. DANIEL SLICK, farmer ; P. 0. Na- perville ; was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., Aug. 7, 1823, and is the son of John and Annie ( Stoner) Slick, of Lancaster Co., Penn. ; father was a carpenter by trade ; Mr. Slick at 18 commenced to learn his trade, shoemaking, and followed this jirin- cipally while in Pennsylvania ; in 1844, he emigrated West to Illinois, and first set- tled in Du Page Co. While here, he married Margaret Swilly, of Laiicaster Co., Penn. ; he then came to Will Co. ; returned to Du Page ; thence to the present faim here ; he has been engaged in farming ever since ; Mr. Slick first made a purchase of forty acres of Government land, at $1.25 per acre ; owns to-day 120 acres of fine, improved land ; when he came West he was very poor ; to-day is one of the suc- cessful farmers of Wheatland Tp. Mem- ber of the Evangelical Church. CHRISTIAN SCHAAL, farmer; P. Q. Naperville ; was born in Germany Aug. 7, 1832, and is the son of Christian and Annie Mary (Leib ) Schaal, of Germany ; emigrated to America in 1856 ; came to Illinois, and was very poor ; he first was working on a farm by the month near Naperville ; then to Will Co. ; here he worked very hard ; he saved his money, invested in land, and to-day owns a farm of 120 acres, with good improvements. He married Miss Elizabeth Lantz, of Lancas- ter Co., Penn., daughter of John and Annie Mary Lantz, who were among the early settlers of Wheatland Tp. ; have seven children. JACOB STARK, farmer; P. 0. Na- perville ; the subject of this sketch was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., and is the son of William and EHzabeth (CoUer) Stark, of Pennsylvania, who emigrated West in 1844, with nine children, and settled on the present farm that Mr. Stark now owns ; here they set out in fuming and made all the improvements on the farm, as the country was comparatively new ; 822 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : Mr. William Stark has retired from farm- ing, being in his 78th year; now living in Du Page County ; Jacob Stark married Miss Mary Hartman, daughter of Adam and Susan (Buget) Hartman, of Lancaster Co., Penn., who emigrated West to Illinois, in 18-42; have ten children. Is a member of the Evangelical Church. Owns 220 acres of fine, improved land. ISRAEL STARK, farmer; P. O. Naperville ; was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., Dec. 11, 1842, and is the son of William and Elizabeth ( Collerj Stark ; his father was born in Lancaster Co., Penn.; his mother was born near PhiIadelphia,Penn; in 18-14:, with nine children, emigrated West to Illinois, and settled in Wheatland Tp., Will Co., on the farm where his son Jacob now lives ; here they set out in farm- ing ; Mr. Wm. Stark having retired from iarming, he moved to Plainfield, then to Naperville; at present, he is living in Du Page Co., at the good old age of 78 years. Mr. Stark married Miss Sai-ah Lantz, of Erie Co., Penn., by whom he has seven children. He is a member of the Evangel- ical Church. His brother Martin was in the late war ; enlisted in the 33d 111. V. I.; served until the end of the war and was honorably discharged. A. S. THOMAS, farmer; P. 0., East Wheatland ; the subject of this sketch is one of the old settlers of Wheatland Tp., Will Co.; was born in Franklin Co., N. Y., June 26, 1809, and is the son of E. and Lepha (Smith ) Thomas, who both died in New York ; his father was a shoemaker, tanner and currier, by trade ; Mr. Thomas learned the shoemaking trade, and followed this and farming, while in New York ; in 1837, he and Mr. Orlaud Royce started in a wagon drawn by two horses, for Illinois, then the Far West, taking them the whole of November to make the trip ; they arrived in 1837 ; Mr. Thomas pur- chased 160 acres of the present farm at a Government land sale in Chicago, in 1839, at $1.25 per acre; he states there was not a house between his farm and Plainfield when he first came here, only a shanty standing on what is now known as Jacob Fry's farm, and also say.s the first frame house built in this vicinity was on the farm now owned by Wm. King. Mr. Thomas mar- ried in 1872. ADAM THOMSON, farmer; P. 0., East Wheatland ; was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, Sept. 6, 1822, and is the son of Benjamin Thomson, of Scotland ; when Mr. Thomson was but 17 years of age, he commenced to learn the carpenter trade ; this business he followed for over twenty- three years, working in Scotland, England and America ; in 1854, he emigrated to America, and landed in New York City, and, on June 29, 1854, arrived in Will Co., 111.; here he has lived ever since. Mr. Thomson has held several ofiices of public trust ; at present, holds ofiice as Township Assessor, which ofiice he was elected to in 1877- Is a Republican in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion. He married Miss Mary Patterson, of Scotland. THOMAS VARLEY,far.; P. 0., Au- rora ; the subject of this sketch was born in Yorkshire, England, June 25, 1824, and is the son of William and Mary (Newsam) Varley, of England ; Mr. Varley was a laborer; in 1850, he emigrated to Ameri- ca, and came West to Will Co., III.; here he worked by the day, farming ; he saved a little money by hard labor, and, in 1854, sent for his wife and three children, who arrived the same year ; he then settled on a small piece of land ; to-day he ranks as one of the successful farmers of Wheatland Tp.; owns 280 acres of fine, improved land. He married Martha Craven, of En- gland, who died with dropsy. May, 1878. HENRY WESTPHAL, farmer; P. 0., Aurora; was born in Germany, Feb. 15, 1824, and is the son of Henry and Doris, (Leapstolf ) Westphal, of Germany; his father was a farmer ; here Mr. Westphal was raised on his father's farm, and, in 1857, with his parents, emigrated to America; he came direct to Illinois, and settled in Du Page Co.; then to Will Co., and settled in Wheatland Tp.; his father and mother both died in Wheatland Tp.; when they came to this country they were very poor, but, with hard labor and good management, Mr. Westphal ranks to-day as one of the successful farmers of Will Co.; owns 245 acres of fine, improved land. He married Miss Sophia Worn key, of Germany, by whom he has had six children — four living. He is a member of the German Lutheran Church, and was one of the first members of this Church in Wheatland Tp, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 823 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. ARA BROWN deceased ; was born in New York, near Syracuse, Feb. 19, 1820. He married Miss Martha Hou.u;ham Oct. 11, 18-tG; she was bora in Butler Co., Ohio, April 6, 1824; they had thirteen children, seven living, viz., Sarah, Klia.s, Ara, Nancy Jane, Mary, Frank and Mar- tha May. He lived in New York four- teen years, when, with his })arents, he came to Will Co., 111. (then Cook) ; this was in 1835 ; he settled in this township; his father, Peter Brown, was from New York ; he died March 7, 18-41, aj^ed 59 years 10 mouths and 4 days; his mother was Miss Mary Teeple ; she died Sept. 17, 1840, aged 55 years d months and 2 days ; he lived with his parents until their death ; he died on the old homestead Sept. 8, 1865. W. Z. BROWN, farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. O. Elwood ; was born on his present place May 11, 1843. He married Miss Susan Gonter March 13, 1867; .she was born Dear Joliet April 18, 1845 ; they had four children, three living, viz., Daniel N., George R. and Willis G. He began farm- ing on his own account when 17 years old and has always lived on his present place. His father, John Brown (deceased), was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Nov. 14, 1:?114, and died Dec. 15, 1848. He mar- ried Miss Susan Zarley ; she was born in Scioto Co., Ohio, Jan. 2, 1820; but three of their children are living, viz., Sarah M., Mary E. and W. Z. ; he was among the first settlers of this township, having set^ tied herein 1834. Mr. W. Z. Brown's wife's father, Michael Gonter, was born in France Aug. 2, 1812, and died Nov. 11, 1873; he married Miss Catheron Aruholt Aug. 28, 1833 ; she was born in France May 3,1808; they had four children, three living, viz., Catheron, Michael and Susan ; they came to the United States in 1839, and settled near Joliet ; in 1851, they came to this township. Mrs*. Gonter lives here with her daughter. JOSHUA BUSH,tarmer, Sec. 31 ; P. O. Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., Sept. 12, 1845. He married Miss Margaret R. Grant Jan. 1, 1867 ; she was born in this township Oct. 30, 1847 ; her father, John Grant, wks born in Scotland March 12' 1816. He married Miss Rosanna Lam" ping March 10, 1839; she was born in ' New York Feb. 18, 1821, and died April 16, 1843; one child living— William C ; he married his second wife, Mrs. Kelly, formerly Miss Adaline Frazer, March 13, 1844; she was born in Virginia Dec. 18, 1815; they have three children living — Margarette R., John A. and James M. He settled on this farm about 1839, and died Sept. 12, 1854. Mrs. Grant came to this county in 1834, and settled in Wesley Tp. Mr. Bush had a family of five children, three living — Mary Ella, Eva May and Harry E. He came to this county with his parents when 2 years old ; in 1869, he came to his present place. In 1862, he enlisted in the 100th 111. Inf; was in the service till the close of the war ; was in the battles of Chickamauga, Stone River, Chattanooga, Atlanta, etc. ; he was wounded at Franklin. G. E. COWELL, M. D., physician, P]lwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Bradford Co., Penn., April 27, 1843. He married Miss Catheron M. Fer- ' ryman Nov. 8, 1868 ; she was born in Guernsey Co., Ohio, Aug. 16, 1843 ; they have one child living, viz., Nellie G. He lived in Pennsylvania twenty-two years, when he came West to Illinois, and settled in Grundy Co., at Miuooka, where he read medicine; in 1871, he graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago, then settled at Elwood, where he has fol- lowed his profession since. In 1862, he en- istedin 141st Penn. Vol. Inf., and was in the service about eighteen months ; at the bat- tle of Cliancellorsville he received five sep- arate wounds, which disabled him from further service. He has held the office of Alderman and was President of the Tem- perance Society. MERRITT 0. C AG WIN, grain dealer, Elwood; the subject of this sketch was I born in Brockport, Monroe Co., N. Y., I May 14, 1828; in 1836, he came West with his parents, who settled in Cook Co. (now Will), two and a half miles east of the present city of Joliet, wln'.re his father built a saw-mill near the site of the I present grist-mill, located on Hickory 824 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : Creek, known as the Red Mill. The first board sawed at this mill was the occasion of a grand ball. In Joliet, on Sept. 6, 1849, he was married to Miss Mary Jane Wheeler ; she was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., March •l-l, 1829, and died Julyl9, 1850; his present wife was Miss Ambrosia R. Higin- botham, a cousin of his first wife, and the second wedding was performed in the same house as the first, Jan. 8, 1852 ; she was born in Joliet, Cook Co. (now Will) Oct. 1, 1834. He remained at home with his parents until 1844, when he was employed in a dry goods store in Joliet, owned and managed by Messrs. J. T. McDougal and F. L. Cagwin, where he remained until October, 1 848, when he went to Chicago, and was engaged as an auctioneer until his return to Joliet in May, 1849, when he again entered the employ of Messrs. McD. & C. ; but this time he was engaged in selling goods form a wagon on the road ; his route was an extensive one, reaching into the Wabash country in Indiana, and his average sales were $2,000 per month ; in April, 1850, he again severed his con- nection with the Messrs. Mc. D. & C, and purchased a stock of dry goods from Geo. H. Woodruff, Esq., which he was then closing out, and disposed of them on the road, mostly in exchange for stock — sheep and horses ; the following year he abandoned his wagon, and bought and drove sheep from Southern and Central Illinois and Indiana to Chicago this he continued until May, 185;^, when he was taken with the gold fever, and embarked for California, where he remained but one year, engaged in transporting goods by mule pack over the mountains to furnish traders' posts and mining camps ; on his return to Joliet, he entered the grain business, and, in the following year, built the Masonic Block, which was destroyed in 1864 by fire; in 1 858, he exchanged his Joliet property for a tract of 1,000 acres of land in Wilton Township at the head of the Twelve-Mile Grove, situated about twelve miles southeast of Joliet, and there removed and engaged in farming and .stock-rai.sing. He was Supervisor from Wilton for five successive years, and introduced before the Board the resolution creating a fund for the protection of soldiers wives and (-hildren. He disposed of his land in Wilton and returned to Joliet in November, 1864, and there again entered the grain trade in copartnership with his father, where he remained until October, 1866, when he removed to Wil- mington, 111., and engaged in same busi- ness, and he was the first regular buyer on the railroad at that station. While there he was a member of City Common Council, and was one of the original " Building Com- mittee," who accepted the plans and speci- fications for the present magnificent pub- i lie school-building. He also was a char- ! ter member with Messrs. Whitten Bros., '■ and to whom he sold his interest, of the firm who built the White Cloud Flouring- Mills, in August, 1869,hecame to Elwood, 111., where he has since resided, and engaged in the grain, lumber and coal business ; '\ three months later, in November, his eleva- tor filled with grain, was burned to the ; ground ; he continued his lumber and coal business, although somewhat enlarged, and in copartnership with D. B Curran, Esq. until January, 1872, when he built a ware- house at Braidwood, and commenced busi- I ness as the first grain buyer of the city ; he purchased and cribbed that winter 45,000 bushels of ear-corn ; he continued I the business until December, handling I over 200,000 bushels of grain, when he ! sold to Wm. H. Odell, Esq. ; in May, i 1874, he purchased of Ed. H. Aiken the ! West Side Elevator in Joliet, which he still operates in copartnership with his I father. I PETER W. CORBIN, farmer. Sec. I 30; P. 0. Elwood; the subject of this sketch was born in Vermont Aug. 29, 1831. He married Miss Sarah Hill Feb. [ 19, 1861 ; she was born in Vermont Jan. i 12, 1834; they had six children, five living, viz., Hellen I., Julia M., Carrie E., Warren H. and Aug. E. He lived lived in Vermont until he was 21 years of age ; he then went to California, his object being mining ; but not meeting with much luck, he engaged in farming, and remained there seven years ; he then came to Illinois and settled on his present place ; he started in poor circumstances, and now owns 185 acres in this townsliip. His father settled in Will Co. while he was in California, and now lives in Wilmington Township. CAPT. EDWARD B. CRAFTS, farmer. See. 13; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Derby, Conn., Jan. 13, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 825 1814, where his ancestors have lived ever since the settkMnent of New Haven in 1G4U, and one of whom ( Maj. Moses Mans- field) destroyed the power of the Pequods in a battle, on the site of which was after- ward located thi' village of Mansfield, named in honor of tlu' victory. He married Miss Sarah Ann Thompson Oct. 9, 1846 ; she was born in Durham, Greene Co., N. Y., Nov. 21, 181o; her parents were from Connecticut; they have two children, viz., Edward Thompson and Elizabeth Mansfield. His son is a physician,'and residesin Florida; his daughter is married, and lives in Joliet. He lived at his birthplace until he was 15 years old, training himself for college with the intention of becoming a physician, but failing in health he took passage on a brig bound for Barbadoes ; this was in 1829; he then engaged as a sailor, being promot- ed until, in 1835, he was made Captain; during one of his voyages he was ship- wrecked on Long Island ; he then shipped as mate, but was soon again made Captain. He quit the sea in 1846, and engaged in general merchandise in Connecticut ; in 1850, he bought his present place, and built and occupied same in 1851. He has been Supervisor three years, also School Trustee and Road Commissioner. He owns 160 acres in this township. P. F. DOOLEY, former. Sec. 10; P. 0, Joliet ; was born in Troy, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1835. He married Miss Sarah M. Brown March 21, 1864; she was born in this township May 27, 1839; they have six children, viz., Susannah, Eleanor, Uertrude, Sarah F., James C. Z. and Fran- cis B. When 3 years old, his parents left New Y'ork and went to Chicago, 111., where they remained a few months, and then came to Will Co., and settled in Channahon Tp., and engaged in farming. Mr. P, F. remained there until he was 17, when he went to California ; engaged in mining and remained until 1861, when he came to this county ; in 1864, he went to Montana, and remained three years, when he returned to Will Co. and .settled on his present place. He is now serving on his third term as Justice of the Peace ; he has also been School Trustee and Director. He owns 209 acres in this county. His parents were among the early settlers of Channahon. His father, James Dooley, died in 1856 ; his mother died in 1853. HARMON DEUTSCHMAN, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. (). Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Germany Feb. 25, 1851 . He married Miss Sarah Gockley Nov. 16, 1871 ; she was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., Sept. 25, 1854 ; they have three children, viz.: Clara, born Dec. 10, 1872; Frank, born March 30, 1875; Ellen, born June 5, 1877. He lived in Germany until he was 15 years old ; he then came to the United States and settled in Will Co. with his parents. His father, William, came to this county in 1855, and worked on the farm until 1873, when he bought his pres- ent place ; he lost his wife in Germany, and he died here in 1875 ; they had but the one child. Mr. Harmon came to his present place in 1874 ; he owns 160 acres, which are well improved. DANIEL EATON, farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Antrim Co., Ireland, Sept. 26,. 1827. He married Miss Mary McClintock Aug. 15, 1848; she was born in same place Nov. 8, 1829 ; they had ten children, six living, viz., Joseph, Daniel, Robert, Nancy, Ann and Mary. He lived in Ire- land until 1855 ; was engaged in farming ; he then came to the United S.tates, and set- tled in Kendall Co., 111., where he engaged in farming, and remained until 1862, when he came to Will Co., and settled on his present place. He is no ofiice- seeker, his only office being connected with the school and road. He came here in poor circumstances, and now owns 300 acres, which he has principally earned by his own labor. GEORGE EIB, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Harrison Co.', W. Va., March 17, 1816. He married Miss Mary Ann Zumaalp ; she was born in Adams Co., Ind. ; they had nine children, seven living, viz., Peter B., Louisa, Elmenda, Mary Alinda, Catheron Amanda George W.. and Jacob L. He lived in West Virginia about ten years, when with his parents, he moved to Columbus, Ohio, where they remained two years ; they then moved to Fountain Co., Ind., ami remained there six years ; in 1833, they came to Illinois, and settled on their present farm. His mother was Miss Matalena Gilbert ; born in Pennsylvania and died in Ohio ; his father, Peter Eib, died here; he was born in Lancaster Co., Penn. There were 826 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : but a few families ia this township when they came here, they being among the first spttlfirs FREEMAN GAY, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Joliet; the subject of this sketch was born in Kennebec (now Franklin) Co., Me., Aug. 9, 1817. He married Miss Agusta 8. Gay ; she was born at the same place Aug. 3, 1820 ; they have four children, viz., LesHe F., Elsie R., Ernest L. and Clementine M. He lived in Maine until he was 18 ; then went to Boston and learned the mason's trade ; remained ten years ; then, came West, and settled on Hickory Creek, Will Co., 111. ; this was in 1845 ; he then went near Wilmington, then back to Hickory Creek ; then to Five- 3Iile Grove, and, in 1850, he went to Cali- fornia and remained four years, when he came to his present place and has lived here since ; he started in poor circum- stances, and now owns 390 acres, which he has earned by his own labor. SETH GIBLER, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Joliet; was born in Scioto Co., Ohio, April 2, 1839. He married Miss Mary Brown Feb. 11, 1862; she was born in this township Feb. 11, 1842; they have two children, viz., Bertram W. and Oscar. He lived in Ohio about fourteen years, when he came to Will Co., 111., and lived with Mr. Gabriel Noel until he was 21 ; he then engaged in farming, in company with Mr. W. Z. Brown, for two years, when, on being married, he came to his present place ; this was in the spring of 1863. He has been Assessor some three jears. He owns 135 acres in this county. His mother died in Ohio ; his father, Mor- gan '«ibler, lives in Piatt Co., this State. G. F. GURNEY, farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. O. El wood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Gloucestershire, England, July 2, 1832. He married Miss Eliza Brighton Feb. 26, 1857 ; she was born in Liverpool, England, April 12, lri37 ; she went to Scotland when young, and lived there un- til she was 17, when she came to the United States ; they had eight children — seven living, viz., Francis R., Elsie A., Elmer G., James A., Eliza M., Nellie J. and Otto H. He lived in England until 1844, when he came to the United States and settled in Joliet, 111. ; engaged in la- boring on the farm ; remained one year ; then to Channahon Tp., where he remained one year ; he then went to Grundy Co., remaining one year, and went to Wilming- ton, Will Co., where he remained two years; then to Channahon, remaining sevei'al years ; then to Florence ; then to Wilton ; and, in 1867, he settled on his present place ; he started without any capi- tal, and now owns over 500 acres in this county. W. W. GIFFORD, of the firm of E. Gifford & Son, general merchandise. El- wood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., March 4,1844. He married Miss Lydia Bryan Sept. 24, 1867; she was born in Stark Co., 111., May 12, 1845; they have two children, viz., Edson B. and M. Estella. He lived in New York three years, when, with his parents, he moved to Grundy Co., 111., where they remained until 1855, and then they moved to Kendall Co., where they re- mained until 1872, when they came to Will Co., 111., and settled in Elwood and engaged in their present business. In 1861, he enlisted in the 36th I. V. I. ; was in the service two years and four months ; was in the battles of Pea Ridge, Perry ville. Stone River and Chickamauga ; at the latter place, he was wounded and disabled from further service. He has held the offices of Town Clerk, and Vil- lage Clerk, Trustee and Treasurer. EDSON GIFFORD, of the firm of E. Gifford & Son, general merchandise, Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Washington Co., N. Y., Feb. 10, 1820. He married Miss Lydia Whipple; she was born in New York ; they have had five children, two living ; his wife died while in Grundy Co. His present wife was Miss Harriet Kendall, who was the first child born in a frame house in Big Grove Tp., Kendall Co., 111.; in 1846, he left New York, and came to Grundy Co., 111., and engaged in farming ; then went to Kendall Co., and engaged in general merchandise ; then to Morris, engaging in general mer- chandise, and, in 1872, he came to Will Co., and settled in Elwood, where he en- gaged in his present business, and has con- tinued here since. J. L. H ARLEY, farming. Sec. 33 ; P. O. Elwood; the subject of this sketch was born in Washington Co., Va., March 29, 1830. He married Miss Ellen Turpie Oct. 28, 1859; she was born in Cincin- JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 827 nati, Ohio, Oct. 11, 1833; they had ten children, nine livinfj;, viz., Bruce T., Ruth A., Ida B., Jauies E., Ralph J., Theodore L., Joel A., Mary and George; W. He lived in Virginia three years, then moved with his parents to Clinton Co., Ind., and lived there about five years ; wliile there, his father died Sept. lU, 1885 ; they then moved to Carroll Co., bid., where he re- mained until lS5w ; from there he went to California ; object, mining, which he pur- sued four years, with fair success ; he then came to his present place. He is no office- seeker, his only offices being connected with the school and road. He started in poor circumstances; he owns 160 acres in this township, which he has earned by his own labor. His mother died in this county. CYRUS HEMPHILL, farming, Sec. 17; P. 0. Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in this township March 14, 1837. He married Miss Elizabeth Linebarger March 14, 1861 ; she was also ■tiorn in this township Oct. 7, 1840 ; they have four children, viz., Daniel E., Alvin W., Luella E. and Herbert H. He has always lived in this township, except two 3'ears in Florence, and, except one child, all the family were born here. He has not been an office-seeker, his only offices being connected with the school and road. His father, James Hemphill, was born in Adams Co., Ohio, Jan. 24, 1803. He married Miss Rachel Porter ; she was born in same place June 18, 1808, and died Oct. 11, 1872; his father died Sept. 6, 1863; they were among the first settlers in this township, having settled here in 1831. JOHN HIBNER, farming. Sec. 8; P. O. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Guernsey Co., Ohio, about 1804. He married Mi-ss Nancy Kirtz in 1837 ; she was born in York Co., Penn.; they have had fourteen children, twelve living, viz., George W., Frank A., James C., David, Martin E.,JohnW., William A., Elizabeth, Phebe Jane, Nancy A., Sarah A. and Lucinda. He lived in Ohio till 1847, when he moved to Missouri, where he remained one year; from here he went to Wisconsin, remaining six months; in 1848, he came to Will Co., 111., and settled on his present place, and has lived here since ; he has not been an office-seeker; he started in poor circumstances, and now owns about 500 acres in this county, which he has earned princijially by his own labor. J. P. HKMPIIILL, farming, Sec. 20: P. 0. Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Adams Co., Ohio, Sept. 1!), 1830. He married Miss Nancy Nott July 4, 1855 ; she was born in Washing- ton Co. (now Morgan Co.), Ohio, Sept. 4, 1831 ; they have had ten children, eight living, viz.. Alpha E., Belle M., Alonzo P., E. Mary, Phina E., Sarah L., Roswell J. and Cyrus W. He lived in Ohio two years, when, with his parents, he moved to Fountain Co., Ind., where they remained until 1834, when they came to Illinois, and settled in Will Co., at Troutman's Grove, where he lived until he was married ; he then moved to Sec. 8, this township, and then to Sec. 2 ; he next went to Florence Tp., where he remained five years ; he then came to this township, and, in 1868, he came to his present place; he has held no offices, except those connected with the school and road. W. F. KEITH, dealer in drugs, med- icines, books, stationery, etc., Elwood ; was born near Rome, Lewis Co., N. Y., Aug. 11, 1827 ; his father was a Method- ist clergyman, a member of the Genesee Conference, and died when his son W. F. was quite young ; after his father's death, the son lived in Livingston Co. and in the city of Buflfalo ; he was educated in the public schools of Bufi'alo and at Rich Academy in Attica, N. Y.; in 1855, he came West, and, after spending two years at Naperville, he came to Joliet in 1857. On the breaking-out of the war, he enlisted in the 19th I. V, L, as a musician in the Lockport Band, and remained until March, 1862, when he was discharged for disabil- ity ; returning, he engaged in merchandis- ing in Elwood, his being the only store in the village for four years ; at the end of this time he engaged in his present busi- ness ; he has been prominent in the build- ing-up of the village.; on the incorpora- tion of the village in 1868, he was chosen Clerk of the Board of Trustees, serving two years ; he was a member of the Board seven years, three of which he was its President ; he has been Police Magis- trate two years, and Notary Public for the past twelve years ; he served his township two years as Supervisor, and has also served three years as School Director ; in 828 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ; March, 1878, he entered the office of the County Treasurer in Joliet, as Deputy, where he is still engaged. He was mar- ried July 17, 186G, to Mrs. Hannah Leverich, of Naperville ; they have two children — William H. and Edward E.; he has also one son. Clarence A., by a former marriage. WILLIAM KREIMEIER, farming, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Prussia March 5, 1829. He married Miss Mary Pohlman March 26, 1854 ; she was born in Prussia March 6, 1835; they had ten children, nine living — Ella M., Eliza A., Amanda A., Susan M., William F., John E., Mina S., Ida F. and OUver F. He lived in Germany about twenty years ; then came to the United States and settled at Little York, Penn. ; remained there seven years, when he came to Illinois and settled in Will Co; this was in 1856; in 1869, he came to his present place, and has lived here since. His only offices have been connected with the school and road. He came here in poor circumstances, and now owns 254 acres, which he has earned by his own labor. CICERO KYRK, farming. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Elwood ; was born in this township, on his present place, Dec. 1, 1847. He married Miss Artha A. Houghton Dec. 25, 1873 ; she was born in this township Feb. 17, 1857 ; they have two children — Sarah R. and Mary E. He has always lived in this township, except three years in Texas ; he now rents the farm of the estate ; his father, Edward Kyrk, was born in 1807, probably in Orange Co., N. Y. ; he married Miss Sarah Davis ; she died in 1843; they had one child, viz., William T. ; his second wife was Miss Mary Kyrk ; she was born in Ohio ; they had eight children, three living, viz., Cic- ero, Elmira and Dennis. His wife's father, Andrew Houghton, was born in Ireland, and came to this county when 18 ; he married Miss Sarah Young ; she was born in this township ; they now live in Kansas. GEORGE LINEBARGER, was born in Lincoln Co., North Carolina, June 6, 1810 ; at the age of 10, he removed with hi« parents to White River, Ind., where they remained until the fall of 1821, when they emigrated to Parke Co., Ind. Was married Feb. 9, 1832, to Miss Susanah Beard. During the following spring, came to what was then called Cook Co., now Will Co., and located near the head of Jackson Grove ; only a few days passed when the Indian war broke out, when he returned to Indiana until September, 1832 ; returned to his old location at Jackson's Grove. Had nine children, five living ; wife died in 1854 ; was married same year ; had six children, four are liv- ing at present writing. JOHN LINEBARGER (of the firm of John Linebarger & Co.), dealer in grain, Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Lincoln Co., N. C, Nov. 4, 1812. He married Miss Nancy Stone Feb. 12, 1835 ; she was born in Ohio, and died July 2, 1847 ; they had three chil- dren, one living, viz., Mary E.; his present wife was Miss Sarah C. Linton, married Feb. 27, 1848; they had nine children, seven living, viz., William H., Josephine, Thomas C, Isabelle, Minnie M., Carrie and Emma J. He left North Carolina, with his parents, when 8 years old, and settled in Parke Co., Ind., where he lived until 1850, when he came to Illinois and settled near Wilmington, and remained there eighteen years, auring which time he served as Supervisor several terms; he then came to Jackson Tp. , and has remained here since ; in 1832, he assisted his brother to move to this county, and spent several weeks here at that time ; he engaged in his present business in 1868. A. J. LINEBARGER, farming, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in this township Jan. 7, 1834, and is, therefore, among the first born in this township. He married Miss Elizabeth Phillips April 30, 1856 ; she was born in Germany, Jan. 1, 1834 ; they have three children, viz., Lewis H., Laura E., Emma J. He has always lived in the* township ; he lived with his parents until he was 22 years of age, when he was mar- ried and began forming on his own account on his present place ; he owns 320 acres in this township. J. J. LICHTENWALTER, dealer in grain, lumber, etc. ; P. 0. Elwood ; the sub- ject of this sketch was born in Stark Co., Ohio, Aug. 27, 1829. He married Miss Mary ShuU Feb. 24, 1853 ; she was born in Lebanon Co., Penn. He lived in Ohio until 1860, and was engaged in farming and car- JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 829 pcnterinc; he then moved to AVhitley Co., luil., where he followed fnriuing and also op- erated a luniber-mill,and reuiaitied about five years; he then went to Springfield, Ind., and enuasred in the proccry business, continu- ing four years ; in 1808, he came to lllinoi.s and settled in Elwood ; he carried on the grocery and drug business for three years ; he then took agency of the Canton Iron Bridge Co., and furnished the trade in several States; he then engaged in the lumber business, and has continued in same since ; in November, 1877, he added the grain business. MORGAN BROS., farming and stock, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Elwood ; William and Sid- ney ; were born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.. where they lived until 1849, when they came to Illinois with their parents, who settled in Kendall Co., where they remained about four years, and then came to Will Co. ; and in 1855, they came to the present place. Mr. William R. married Miss Morriah Ellenwood Dec. 27, 1876 ; she was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Nov. 10, 185o ; they have one child, viz., Eliza A. Mr. Moses Morgan, deceased, was born in Vermont, Aug. 11, 1815. and died Aug. 20, 1877. He married Miss Eliza Ann Storrs Jan. 9, 1840 ; she was born in Upper Canada ; they had five children ; four living, viz., William, Sidney, Ltcy E. and Emily C. MICHAEL MOVER, farming, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Joliet ; was born in Lebanon Co., Penn., July 10, 1803. He married Miss Sarah Erb April, 1828 ; she was born in Lancaster Co., Penn. ; they had four children ; three living, viz , Henry, George L. and Michael, Jr. He lived in Pennsylvania until 1845 ; was engaged in farming ; he then moved to Dayton, Ohio, where he remained four months ; he then came to Illinois and settled in Du Page Co. ; engaged in farming, and remained there nine years ; and then he came to Will Co. and settled on his present place ; he started in poor circumstances, and now owns 120 acres, well improved. WILLIAM F. MOORE, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Elwood ; the subject of this sketch waa born in the town of Channa- hon, Will Co., 111., March 6, 1841; he married Miss Mary t^choonmaker Nov. 20, 1862; she was born in Rochester, N. Y., and died July 29, 1866 ; his second wife was Miss Almira Spencer, maiTied May 13, 1872 ; she wa.s born in Troy Tp., this county ; he has one child living, by his first wife, viz., Lotta, and two by his present wife, viz., Mary Jane and Laura May ; he has always lived in this county, except one year that he lived in McLean Co; he came to his present place March 29, 1864; he started in poor cir- cumstances, and now owns 160 acres in this township. JOHN MEAD, retired, Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., Aug. 15, 1798; he married Mrs. Bets}' Cagwell, formerly Miss Luce ; she died April 11, 1866 ; they had two chil- dren — not living ; his present wife was Miss Nancy Cox ; they were married April 23, 1867 ; no children. He lived in New York seventeen years, and then went to Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1855, when he came West to Illinois, and settled in Will Co., and engaged in fanning; in 1875, he sold his farm, and I removed to the village of Elwood, and has lived here since. , GABRIEL NOEL, firmer, Sec. 9 ; P. I 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was ' born in Scioto Co., Ohio, July 2, 1820 ; he married Miss Elizabeth Zarley Oct. 15, 1848 ; she was born in Will Co., near Joliet, : Nov. 22, 1831 ; they had twelve children — seven living — viz., Albert E., Calvin Z., Ervin R., Elvis C, Sue E., Rose M. j and Frank G. He lived in Ohio twenty- seven years, and was engaged in farming : and milling ; he then came West to Illinois, and settled in Joliet. remaining ' there one summer ; he came to his pres- ent place, and has lived here since ; he has held the ofiices of Road Commissioner, School Trustee and Director. He owns 200 acres in this county. WILLIAM NICHOLSON, hardware, etc., Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y., March 26, 1838 ; he married Miss Caroline E. Benedict Oct. 12, 1863 ; she was born in Dalton, Mass., Aug. 19, 1839 ; 1 they have four children, viz., Lewis, Ed- ward B., Rollin H., and Franklin E. He lived in New York until 1865 ; was en- ' gaged in farming ; he also spent nearly four years at the Troy University ; he then came West to Illinois, and settled in this township ; engaged in farming, which he 830 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: followed until 1868, when he removed to Elwood and engaj^od in his present busi- ness, forming a partnership with George A. Pearson, whom he afterward bought out; in May, 1874, his place was burned, with his entire stock; on June 1(1, he was doing business in an old wooden building, hauled to the site of his former store, and the first of the following October he occupied his present bri^k store. He has held the offices of Town Clerk and A'^illaere Trustee. JACOB PALMER, Jr., farmer. Sec. 12; P. O. Joliet; the subject of this sketch was born in Stark Co., Ohio, Aug. 13, 1824. He mai'ried Miss Eliza Bucher March 11, 1847 ; she was born in Stark Co., Ohio, May 3, 1830 ; they had seven- teen children ; twelve living, viz., William J)., Ephron, Eldin P., Francis W., Marion, John J., Daniel, George E., Elmer E., Dora E., Alvin and Hiram. He lived in Ohio until 1857, when he came to Illi- nois and settled on his present place, and has lived here since. He has been Road Com- missioner nearly twenty years. He started in poor circumstances, at first renting his place, and now owns 200 acres in this township. His father, Jacob Palmer, Sr., was born in Virginia Feb. 10, 1702. He married Miss Elizabeth Cutchall ; she was born in Maryland and died in Ohio ; his second wife was Mrs. Sarah Bucher (Hoffman); she also died in Ohio; his third wife was Mrs. Weaver ( Cring) ; she was born in Pennsylvania and died in Ohio ; he has five children by his first and three by his second wife. He came to Will Co., Til., in 1871, and lives on Sec. 11, this township. WILLIAM POHLMAN, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Elwood ; was born in Prussia May 16, 1828. He married Miss Amelia Harming Feb. 3, 1853; she was born in Prussia in February, 1836 ; they had eleven children, nine living, viz., Mary E., Catheron M., Emma C, Charles F., Henry F., George T., J. Edward, Sarah R. and Francis L. He lived in Prussia sixteen years; he then came to the United States, and landed at Baltimore, and re- mained in that neighborhood about six years, engaged in farm labor ; then moved to York Co., Penn. ; engaged in quarry- ing and lime-burning ; remained five years; then came to Illinois and settled in this township, engaging in farming ; in 1868, he came to his present place. He is no office-seeker, his only offices being con- nected with the school and road. He came to this county in poor circumstances ; he now owns 422 acres in this township, which he has earned by his own labor. DANIEL RICHARDS, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Aug. 4, 1826. He married Miss Elmira Cooley Dec. 10, 1848; she was born in Ononda- ga Co., N. Y., June 22, 1828; they had three children, two living, viz., Euratus and Elsey G. He lived in New York un- til June, 1839, when he moved to Huron Co., Ohio, and engaged in farming. While here, he was married, and, in 1853, he came to Illinois and settled in Joliet ; in 1857, he came to his present place, and has lived here since. He has not been an office-seeker. He came West in poor cir- cumstances, and now owns 220 acres, which he has principally earned by his own labor. ROBERT SPAFFORD, Postmaster, Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Upper Canada Sept. 30, 1822. He married Miss Elizabeth Beckwith April 20, 1847 ; she was born in Upper Canada March 5, 1827 ; they have eight children, viz., Moses, Sarah E., Irinda, Daniel, Robert, Jr. ; Mary, Rachel and Norah. He lived in Canada about twenty- six years ; was engaged on his father's farm ; he then moved to Illinois, and set- tled in Will Co., in 1848, and engaged in farming in Jackson Tp., and has lived here since, except three years in Mar- seilles ; he followed farming until 1860, when he took the position of railroad agent at this place, and continued eight years ; he then clerked in a general mer- chandise store for four years ; in 1872, he was appointed Postmaster, and has held the office since. He has been Assessor several years; also Constable, Town Trustee and School Director. HENRY SPANGLER, farmer. See. 12 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Summit Co., Ohio, Feb. 26, 1837. He married Miss Rachel Grove in February, .1857 ; she was born in Summit Co., Ohio, April 26, 1836; they had five children, four living, viz., Samuel M., Elvy G., Alvin O. and Dora A. ; Amanda M. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 831 died July 13, 1878 ; ho lived in Ohio twenty years, then eame to Illinois and settled on his present ])laco, and h;us lived here since. He has been Supervisor of this township ten tcrui.s, Justiee of the Peace eight years, also Collector and Road Commissioner. He was in moderate cir- cumstances when he eame here ; he bounht an eighty, going in debt for the greater part of the same ; he now owns -lOO acres in this township which he has principally earned bv his own labor. HENRY SNOAD, of the firm of H. Snoad & Co.. dry goods and groceries, El- wood ; the subject ot this sketch was born in Kent Co., England, Sept. 26, 1819. He married Miss Julia Caswell Oct. 20, 1847 ; she was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., and died March 6, 1857 ; they had three children, none living; his present wife was Mrs. Betsy A. Winslow, for- merly Miss Sheldon ; she was born in New York Aug. 9, 1822, and married Jan. 3, 1858. He lived in England twenty- two years ; then came to the United States and settled in Tioga Co., Penn., and en- gaged in farming ; remained four years ; then came to Illinois and settled in Will Co., at Plainfield, where he engaged as clerk in general merchandise store ; re- mained three years, when he moved to Joliet and engaged in gi'ocery, and remained one year ; he then went to Kankakee Co., engaged in forming, and next returned to Will Co., and, in 1853. he engaged in farm- ing in Jackson Tp., and followed same un- til 1867, when he engaged in his present business. He has held the offices of Post- master, Justice of Peace and Town Clerk. He formerly was Station Agent on C. & A. R. R. THOMAS TAIT, farming. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born on one of the principal Isles of Shet- land, Sept. 23, 1830. He married Miss Catharine A. Shutts Oct. 12, 1858; she was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Sept. 19, 1840; they had eight children, seven living, viz., John S., Magnus P., Margaret, Thomas H., Fred, Cassius and Sarah V. ; Kate died in infancy. He lived at the place of his birth until May 14, 1838, when he took ship for America, arriving in Chicago, 111., the 19th of July follow- ing ; remaining but a short time, he went to Lake Co., III., and remained then! until the winter of 1841, when he came to Will Co., 111., and remained about one year ; he then went to Canada, and remained until 184(), when he returned to Will Co. and settled in Homer Tp. ; reipained two years, and then moved to Joliet Tp., where his father. still lives; he bought his present place in June, 1851, and moved on same in fall of 1858. He has held the offices of Supervisor, Road Commissioner, Town Trustee and Collector. He owns 170 acres, well improved, which he has earned by his own labor. WILLIAM W. WOOD; farming, Sec. 20; P. 0. Elwood; the subject of this sketch was born in Brasher, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., July 11, 1835. He married Miss Esther C. Edgerton Oct. 18, 1861; she was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., April IG, 1837 ; they have .seven children, viz., Hattie M., Emma E., Frank W., E. Blanche, Alice M., Jessie P. and Harvey E. He lived in New York until 1865, being engaged in farming ; he then came West and settled in Will Co., 111., on his present place, and has resided here since ; his parents live in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; he came here in fair circum.stances ; he owns 270 acres in this township. SHELDON YOUNG, farming, See. 9; P. 0. Elwood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., Dec. 3,1820. He married Miss Eliza Ilougham Dec. 1, 1842 ; she was born Aug. 18, 1822, in Fayette Co., Ind. ; they had thir- teen children, eight living, viz., Ara B., Lena Ann, Albert L., Mary Ella, Emma, Julia E., Martha E. and Walter H. He lived in New York eighteen years, and, in 1838, he came West and settled in this township; in 1844, he settled on his pres- ent place ; Mrs. Young lived two years in Fayette Co., Ind. ; moved to Butler Co., Ohio, where she remained three years ; moved to Parke Co., Ind., lived there twelve years, when she came to this county on horseback, over a hundred and fifty miles, to visit a sister, where she lived until .she was married. Mr. Young has been Supervisor, Road Commissioner, School Trustee and Director. He came here without any means, in fact, was in debt ; he now owns 1 12 acres in this township. 832 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : CHANNAHON TOWNSHIP. GEORGE ALEXANDER, farm and stock, Sec. 15; P. 0. Channahon ; the subject of this sketch was born in this county, on Hickory Creek, Oct. 27, 1837. He married Miss Emma Bedford Feb. 1-1, 1860 ; she was born in New Jersey Nov. 11, 1841 ; they had seven children, five living, viz. : Janet, Hattie, Mary, John and Jessie. He has always lived in this coun- ty ; he has been Road Commissioner ten years and Collector several terms during the past twenty years ; he has been deal- ing largely in stock ; he bought an inter- est in a creamery during the past year, ^nd since that time he has added the dairy busi- ness to his farming and siock business ; he owns 650 acres in this county. His father, John Alexander, deceased, was born in Scotland June 7, 1811. He married Miss Elizabeth Turner Dec. 25, 1833 ; she was born in England Sept. 22, 1812 ; they had seven children, six living, viz., Ann, George, Elizabeth, John, Isabella and Mo- riah. He lived in Scotland eleven years, tlien moved to England, where he lived eleven years ; he then came to the United States ; he crossed the Atlantic five times, and finally, in 1835, he settled on Hickory Creek, this county ; in 1838, he came to his present place, living in a log cabin, which yet remains on the farm. He superin- tended some twenty miles of the Iron Moun- tain Railroad, and was for some time fore- man of a stone-quarry, now owned by his son. He died Sept. 15, 1856, and had lost his wife March 23, 1853. DANIEL BAILEY, farm and stock. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Elwood ; was born in Pennsylvania, and married Miss Rebecca Bordman; they had one child, viz., Al- exander, now living in Missouri. His present wife was Mrs. Brown, formerly Miss Susan Zarley ; they were married July 14, 1848 ; they have two children, viz., Cal- neh and Ella. He left Pennsylvania when 1 year old, and moved to Ohio with his parents ; they then moved to Champaign Co., III., where his parents died. In 1838, he settled on his present place ; he started in poor circumstances, and owns about 500 acres in this county. His son, Calneh, was born on the present place July 18, 1849. He married Miss Ella Cagwin March 18, 1874; she was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., April 4, 1852. In 1869, he began farming on his own account ; he has about forty acres in his own name, which he has earned himself. He has been School Director some five years, and Clerk of Board some time. E. H BATES, blacksmith and wagon- making, Channahon ; the subject of this sketch was born in Penobscot Co., Maine, Sept. 16, 1830. He married Miss Nancy M. Hutchins (formerly Miss Knapp) Oct. 15, 1854; she was born in Montpelier, Vt. He lived in Maine eighteen years ; he then moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he engaged in the pork and butter busi- ness, remaining there until 1852 ; he then canic to Illinois and settled in Plainfield, en, John, Michael, Jr. , Johanna and Mary. He lived in Ireland until 1834, when he moved to Canada, and lived there two years ; he then moved to Syracuse, N. Y.; he then went to Chicago, and next engaged on the canal; - he then settled on his present place. He came here in poor circumstances; his son James owns 160 acnss in this townshi]), which he bought of his father, in 1878. JOSEPH LEWIS, general merchan- dise and farming, Channahon ; the sub- ject of this sketch was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent Co., England, Dec. 15, 1812. He married Miss Ann Towner in 1835 ; she was born in Peckham, Kent Co., En- gland, and died in the winter of 1842 ; they had five children, three living, viz., Mary, Catheron and Jane, all married. His present wife was Miss Harriet Scott ; she was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., March 24, 1820, and married Nov. 30, 1845 ; they had seven children, five liv- ing, viz., Alta F., Harriet S., Anna C, Henry D. and George A. He lived in England until he was 22 years of age ; he then came to the United States, and set- tled in what is now Grundy Co., 111., where he engaged in farming, and remained fifteen years; he then, in 1850, came to- CHANNAHON TOWNSHIP 837 Channahon, and engaged in general mer- chandise, and continued same until 1864, when he eauu' to his ))resent plaee and en- gaged in fhrniing, and lias remained here since ; he has held the offices of School Director, Justice of the Peace and Notary. His wife's parents were among the first settlers of this county, fleeing to the Wa- bash during the Black Hawk war. CHAR1.E8 McCOWAiN, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Channahon ; the subject of this sketch was born in New York, Sept. 28, 1832; he married Miss Myra Newton, Jan. 1, 1854; she died in 1861; they had two children, one living, viz., Carrie; his present wife was Miss Lenna Curtis; they were married March 17, 1865 ; they had four children, one living, viz., Roy ; he lived in New York about three years, then came to this county, with his parents, who settled in this township ; he came to his present place about 1857, and has lived on same since ; he has been Poormaster and School Trustee ; he was considerably in debt on starting, and now owns sixty- live acres in this township. His father, Peter McCowan (deceased), was born in Edinburgh, Scotland; he married Miss Isabelle Tarrant ; she was born in En- gland ; they were among the first settlers of this township ; both have since died. GEORGE W. McCUNE, farming, Sec. 26; P. 0. Elwood ; was born in Will Co., 111., Feb. 25, 1841. He married Miss Clara E. Houghton Jan. 28,1869; she was born at Columbus, Ohio, April 6, 1849 ; they have four children, viz., James B., Etta, Emma and William G. He has al- ways resided in this county ; he is no office- seeker, his only office being connected with the schools ; he began farming on his own account on becoming of age, and owns 325 acres in this township, which he has earned principally by his own labor ; his parents settled here prior to the Black Hawk war, and fled to Chicago during the same. JOHN T. RANDALL, farming, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Channahon ; the subject of this sketch was born in Orleans Co., Vt., Aug. 2, 1815. He married Miss B. S. Russell Sept. 4, 1836 ; she was burn in Wilbra- hani, Mass., April 24, 1815 ; they had six children, five living, viz., Albert T., Oscar T., Gershom A., Laura A. and Mary; Joseph R. died Jan 21, 1872. He lived in Vermt)nt ten years, when his parents moved to Western New York, where he lived until 1835 ; he then went to Cuya- hoga Co., Ohio, where he was marrit'd, and lived there until 1839, when he returned to his old home in New York, and lived there until 1849, when he came to Will Co., III., antl settled in Troy Tp., and lived there five years, when he came to his present place. Three of his .sons were in the army for the greater part of the war. He has been Supervisor of this and Troy Tps., and other offices connected with the school and road. He started in poor cir- cumstances, and now owns 271 acres in this township. CHARLES C. SMITH, farm and stock. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Channahon ; the subject of this sketch was born in Jefferson Co., East Tenn., May 2, 1818. He married Miss Corinza Burr July 24, 1850 ; she was born in Tippecanoe Co.,Ind., June 19, 1831 ; they had ten children, nine living, viz., Barton, Emma Jane, William T.. Ella May, Charles W., Lucy M., Corinza A., Sarah E. and Floyd H.; Edgar F. died Sept. 5, 1873. He lived in Tennessee ten years, when his parents moved to Fountain Co., Ind., and engaged in farming; remained until 1835 ; they then moved to Joliet, 111., where they carried on a general teaming business until 1840; he then fol- lowed peddling until 1847, when he came to his present plaee, and followed .stock-raising during the the summer, and acted as buyer for the American Fur Company during the winters until 1852, when he turned his entire attention to his farming and stock interests ; his business, though starting in a very small way, has grown to enormous proportions, and he is at present farming over 3,000 acres ; he is also very largely interested in stock-raising ; during the past year, he has bought an intere^cin a creamery at Channahon, 111., since which time he has added a dairy of 150 cows to his farming and stock business. He has been Road Commissioner some five years, and was Supervisor four years, one year receiving the unanimous vote. His father, Barton Smith, continued his residence in Joliet until he died in September, 1862 ; his mother, Mrs. Fat ha Smith, died in 1875. Mr. Smith jiracticed as a veteri- nary surgeon in Joliet, and was Justice of the Peace and J^olice Magistrate. 838 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. B. BAUMGARTNER, general mer- chant, Frankfort Station ; was born in Switzerland June 6, 1833; came to the United States in 1851, and settled in Illi- nois ; his first permanent residence in the State was in Frankfort Tp., commencing in 18G2. He was married to Miss Char- lotte Maue, who was born in Germany in 1839 ; they have had five children, two of whom are living, viz., Emma and Albert ; deceased, George, Frankie and Lena. Mr. B. is at present holding the office of Town- ship Trustee ; has held office of Collector and several other offices previously. D. BRUMUND, farmer and stock-rais- er ; P. 0. Mokena ; was born in Germany Jan. 23, 1815 ; came to the United States in 1849, and settled in Will Co., 111. ; he has been a resident of Frankfort Tp. since 1850 ; his farm consists of 300 acres, val- ued at $18,000. He was married to Miss Lena Folkers ; they have seven children, viz., J. H., Peter, Delia, Lena, Julia, Helen and Eliza. GEORGE BAUCH, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; was born in Germany Nov. 6, 1826; came to the United States in 1851, and to Illinois in the same year, when he located on his present farm, in Frankfort, Will Co. ; it contains eighty acres, valued at $5,000. He was married to Miss Katie Siepp, who was born in Germany ; thej^ have had seven children, all of whom are living, viz., Dan, John, Katie, Mary, George, William and Jacob. JOHN BREIDERT, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. New Bremen ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Germany June 2-t, 1812 ; came to the United States in 18-46, and this State and settled in Frank- fort in the same year ; his farm consists of 100 acres, valued at $6,000. He was married to Miss Christina Press, who was born in Germany ; they have had seven children, six of whom are living, viz, Elizabeth, Christina, Gottlieb, John, Mar- garet and George ; deceased, Peter. The farm of Mr. B. is situated on Sees. 12 and 11. JOSEPH S. CLAUS, of the firm of Claus Brothers, general merchants, Frank- fort Station; was born in Cook Co., 111., Dec. 29, 1844; came to Frankfort in 1868, where he has since resided. He was married May 22, 1872, to Miss Mary E. Carpenter, who was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., June 18, 1845, and who died Sept. 9, 1875. Mr. Claus is at present holding the office of Justice of the Peace, which position he has maintained nearly two years. NORMAN A. CARPENTER, retired, Frankfort Station ; was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 4, 1818: came to this State in April, 1855, and settled in Frank- fort ; at that time, Mr. Carpenter says there was but one store in the village ; it was at that time owned by one Mr. Higley; he built immediately upon his arrival, and opened a store for general merchandise, which he continued until 1866; he was the second merchant in Frankfort ; the railroad running through this place had at this time just commenced doing business. Mr. C. was married to Miss Mary E. Stantial, who was born in England Sept. 22, 1822; they have had three children, two of whom are living, viz., Emily and Eva ; deceased, Mary E. Mr. C. acted as first Postmaster, under Mr. M. Van Horn, in Frankfort Village ; the was the first official in that position in the village. JOHN CAPPEL, of the firm of Krapp & Cappel, butchers and dealers in live stock, Mokena ; one of our natives of Illi- nois ; was born in Frankfort, Will Co., 111., May 26. 1846, and is the son of the late Frederick Cappel, deceased, who was one of our first settlers and pioneers. Mr. J. Cappel was married to Miss Elizabeth Werner, \^ho was born in Illinois ; they have had five children, all of whom are living, viz., Julia, Emma, John, Willie and George. Mr. C. has held the office of Deputy Sheriff four years ; Collector, one year, and Township Clerk six years ; his property, which contains eight-five acre-, is situated on Sec. 10, and is valued at $4,000. CHARLES CLAYES, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., July 4, 1819; came to Illinois and settled in Will Co. in 183'5; and in Frankfort Tp. in 1837 ; his present FRANKFORT TOWNSITTP. 839 farm contains 295 acres, is situated on Sees. 21 and 1<>, and is valued at 818.000. He was married to Mis^s Eliza A.Williams; they have had seven children, six of whom are livinjz;, viz., Amelia L., Emma S., Mary J., Charles W., Mattie H. and Addie E.; deceased, an infant. Mr. C. was the first Township Clerk in the town- ship after its (irpinization. W. B. CLEVELAND, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; one of our early settlers ; was born in New York Sept. 21, 1820; came to this State and settled in Frankfort, Will Co., in 1844 ; his farm consists of 125 acres, sit- uated on Sees. 19 and 20, and is valued at $7, 00b. He was married May 22, 1865, to Miss Stella M. Martin, who was born in Vermont Aug. 6, 1846 ; they have had six children, five of whom are living, viz.; Lillian E., Willie J., Clarence M., Mabel S. and Eva M. ; deceased, Emily L. Mr. C. has held the oflBce of Justice of the Peace eight years. Supervisor two years and School Trustee several years. HENRY ENGELMANN, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; was born in Germany Oct. 30, 1824; came to the United States in 1853, and settled in Monec Tp., Will Co., 111.; he removed from there to Frankfort in 1863 ; his farm con- sists of 120 acres, valued at $6,000. He was married to Miss Mary Voigt ; they have had four children, viz., Mary, Henry, Sophia and I ouisa. JOHNSON FOLKERS, butcher and dealer in smoked and salt meats, Frankfort Station ; was born in Germany June 1 1 , 1835 ; came to the United States in 1846, and settled in Frankfort, Will Co., 111., in 1850. He was married to Sophia Eber- hart, who was born in Germany ; they have three children — Frank, Willie and Peter. Mr. F. was a participant in our late war; he enlisted in the 2()th I. V. I. ; served two years and was discharged with honor on account of disabilities, in Octo- ber, 1864. GEORGE FINK, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; was born in Germany Jan. 13, 1839; came to the United States in 1851, and settled in Frankfort, Will Co., 111. ; his farm con- sists of 109 acres, valued at ST.OOO, and is situated on Sec. 27. He was married to Miss Christina Briederdt; they have had seven children, six of whom are living, viz., Mary, Emma, George, Henry, Gus- tave and John ; deceased, Mattie. Mr. F. was elected Township Collector in April, 1877 ; his time for the same oflBce expires April, 1879. HENRY GRONOW, farmer and stock- raiser; P. 0. Frankfort Station; one of our natives of Illinois ; was born in Frank- fort, Will Co., April 16, 1850; he is the son of John Gronow, who is one of our early settlers. The farm of Mr. G. con- sists of 130 acres, valued at S6,500. He was married to Miss Sophia Pauling Feb. 11, 1877, who was born in Du Page Co., 111., Sept. 23, 1851 ; they have one child — Aurelia. MRS. C. W. HARPER, farmer and stock-raiser; P.O. Mokena ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Kentucky, Aug. 3, 1834 ; is the widow of the late Thomas Harper, deceased, who was born in England May 21, 1832 ; died July 28, 1870. He was one of our first settlers and pioneers. They were married March 5, 1857, and have had four children, all of whom are living, viz., Elizabeth F., Ann W., Susan E. and Thomas P. Mrs. H. continues the business in which her husband was engaged, namely, that of a farmer and stock-raiser ; her farm consists of 180 acres, valued at S10,000. THOMAS HERSCHBACH, general hardware, Frankfort Station ; was born in Joliet, W^ill Co., Aug. 31, 1844; is the son of Henry Hei-schbach, who was one of our first settlers and jiioneers. Mr. H. was married to Miss Alvina Maue, who was born in Germany ; they have three children, all of whom are living, viz., Charles, Otto and Emma. N. P. HOLDEN, M. D., retired, Frankfort Station ; one of our early and most prominent settlers; was born in New Hampshire June 20, 1820 ; received a liberal education in boyhood ; at the age of 23, he entered Rush Medical College, at Chicago; graduated and received a diploma in 1846; his practice continued until the time of his retirement in Febru- ary, 1878; in 1854, he purchased the property he now owns, and which is j located on Sees. 26 and 25, and which contains 400 acres, valued at $20,000. Dr. H. was married to Miss Caroline Parrish June 30, 1847 ; they have had six 840 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: children, three of whom are now living, viz., Wright, Milton and Franklin ; de- ceased, Charley, James and Sarah. PH1NP]AS HEMMENWAY HOL- DEN, was born in Hollis, N. H., May H, 1792 ; was the son of David Holden and Bridget At well ; his father was born July 31, 1769, and his mother was born in 1770 : they were married July 31, 1788, and had fourteen children, to wit: David, born July 31, 1789 ; died Dec. 12, 1700; William Cummings, born Aug. 16, 1790; Phineas Hemmenway, born May 6, 1792, died Feb. 23, 1872; Bridget, born Jan. 19, 1795, died Aug. 9, 1796; Josiah Rhodes, born Feb. 22, 1797; Bridget, born Dec. 10, 1798, died Sept. 12, 1800; Mira, born Nov. 28, 1800 ; David, born Dec. 27, 1802, died Dec. 11, 1833; Mil- ton, born July 11, 1804; Adam Mont- gomery, born May 18, 1806, died Oct. 5, 1863; Sarah, born March 10, 1808; Lucetta, born March 4, 1810; Charles CocSworth Pinckney, born Jan. 10, 1812, died March 7, 1816; Mary Ann, born Sept. 17, 1814; died July 24, 1841; of these, Rhodes, Milton, Sarah and Lucetta, are still living ; Mr. Holden's grandparents were David Holden, born Dec. 10, 1738, and Sarah Hemmenway, born Oct. 25, 1739 ; they were married July 13, 1761, and had nine children. David Holden, died Aug. 8, 1803, and Sarah Hemmen- way Holden, died April 7, 1830 ; his great- grandparents were John Holden, born about 1695, and Sarah Davis, born in 1700; they were married Nov. 22, 1715, and had ten children ; she died Dec. 21, 1753, and he died Dec. 27, 1753 ; John's grand- parents were Richard Holden, born in 1609, and Martha Fosdick ; they were married between 1634 and 1639; they had nine children ; he died March 1, 1696, aged 87 years; she died in 1681. John, the last named, and his brother Justian, were born in Suffolk Co., Eng.; they were arrested in the streets of London for their adherence to Puritanism, but through the influence of a member of Parliament, named Holden, they were released and fled to Amctrica ; they embarked at Tip- wich, in April, 1634, in the ship Francis, and settled in Watertown and Cambridge, in Mas.sachusetts. The father of Phineas Hemmenway was a cooper by trade, and, with his young wife, early removed to Groton, N. H., where they settled on a small farm, where the subject of this sketch received as good an education as the country at that time afforded. His father was for many years one of the Selectmen of the town, quite a prominent position at that time, and died Oct. 13, 1823; his mother died Dec. 30, 1839; Mr. Holden was married April 17, 1817, to Betsey Parker, daughter of Levi Parker, who was born June 25, 1752, and Abigail Pool, of Hollis ; her father had by his first wife, who was Rebecca Fletcher, of Westford, Ma'^s.: Levi, born Jan. 9, 1778; William, born in 1780; George, born Oct. 11, 1783; by his second wife, whom he married in 1785: James, born Jan. 6, 1787; Luther, born ; Calvin, born ; Betsey, Jan. 14, 1792, and Samuel, June 23, 1800. Her grandparents were William Parker, of Groton, and Susanna Kemp, who were married March 30, 1736, and had: Susanna, born Feb. 10, 1737; William, Sept. 28, 1741; Tytil, born May 1, 1744; Samuel, March 7, 1746 ; Isaac, born Jan. 22, 1749 ; Levi, June 25. 1752; Susanna, Oct. 10, 1755, and Ruth, no date given. Mrs. Holden's mother died July 16, 1823, aged 64 years ; her father diid Sept. 10, 1825, aged 72 years; of the children, Samuel only is living ; he resides at Davenport, [owd ; is now 78 years old, but in good health. Mrs. Holden's father was an officer of the Revolution, and was attached to the command ot' Gen. Wash- ington, and stationed near West Point at the time of the treason of Gen. Arnold, and at which time Major Andre of the British army, was detected as a spy and arrested at Tarrytown, N. Y.,and executed at Tappan, on the Hudson River ; Lieut. Levi Parker saw him hung, and, so long as he lived, related the sad spectacle, and re- gretted that Arnold could not have been hung in his stead ; Lieut. Parker was a meritorious and gallant officer, serving during the war. Mr. and Mrs. Holden were married at Dunstable, Mass., Ai)ril 17, 1817, and immediately commenced life together on a small farm in Groton, N. H. ; here they lived until 1830, when they removed with their family of six children to West Hartford, Vt.; at this place, Mr. Holden purchased 80 acres of land, mostly timber, and commenced his new farm with that energy only known to FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. 841 those who have seen the ups and downs of New J]nL;;huul life ; they roniainod Wre until the spring of ISiUi, when they sold their little homestead, and, on June 1, emigrated with their family of nine chil- dren, for Illinois, arriving at Chicagi) June J>0, 1830; Mr. llolden's younger brother, Josiah, had settled in Will County, near Joliet, in 18!>-1, whither Mr. Holden and his family immediately jtroceeded; they found him and his family finely located on the Du Page River, about .seven miles below PKiintield, and were received with true Western hospitality ; shortly after this, Mr. Holden located a claim of 160 acres at Skunk Grove, on the headwaters of Hickory Creek ( now Frankfort j, where they commenced life in earnest on the prairie; they erected a snug log house, and here they struggled togethor for many years to raise their large family, working early and late, and economizing in every possible manner ; when they began their prairie home, the county was entirely new, the nearest neighbor on the south was thirty miles, at Bourbonnais Grove ; the nearest post ofiice, fourteen miles, at Joliet. Their claim was on the Sac trail, a path worn deep in the ground by the Indians ; this trail had been traveled for centuries, by all appearances — it was the Indians' direct route from Detroit to the Far West — it ran nearly on a bee-line ; the Indians had displayed such good judgment in lay- ing out this trail, that the settlers, as the country became settled, adopted it ; in many places this trail was worn for more than two feet in the earth, and no man of this day can tell or form any idea as to how long it had been traveled by the red man. Their family now consisted of pjlizabeth W., born in Tyngsboro, Mass., April 27, 1818; Newton P.^ born at Groton, N. H., June 20, 1820; Mary Emeline, born in Groton, N. H , 8ept. 13, 1822; David L., born in Groton, N. H., Nov. 13, 1824 ; Charles C. P., burn in Groton, N. H., Aug. 9, 1827 ; Sarah Ann C, born in Groton, N. H., Sept. 3, 1829: George M., born in West Hartford, Vt., July 11, 1831 ; Mira Jane, born in West Hartford, Vt., June 30, 183!), and Levi Parker, was born in West Hartford, Vt., July 14, 1835; Mary Emeline was married to J. W. Freer, then a farmer on the Kankakee River, above Wilmington, in this State, Feb. 22, 1844; I she died of consumption, Nov. 28, 1845, leaving one .son, Henry C. Freer ; Sarah Ann C., died of consun)ption, Feb. 13, '■ 1847 ; she was a lovely girl, admired by all who knew her; she was the idol of her j father's I'amily ; the loss of these two loving daughters weighed heavily upon Mr. ; Holden, as also upon the whole family ; Elizabeth W. was married to Cromwell Wilson, of Fort Madison, Iowa, Jan. 9, ! 1848 ; Mr. Wilson is a retired capitalist ; they have never had any children ; they reside at Fort Madison. Newton P. was married to Caroline Parish, June 30, 1847, i at Bristol, 111. ; they have had : Sarah, Wright P., Milton and Frank ; Sarah ; died Feb. 11, 1873, with consumption ; I Wright is studying law ; Frank is at i school, and Milt(jn is on his father's firm, I at Frankfort ; David L. was married to Miss Esther Parish in 1871, and has four fine boys — Homer Phineas, Charles C. P., Howard and Morton; George M. was married in 1851!, to Minerva Butler, and I had several children, two of whom only are living — Charles and William ; Mira Jane was married to J. M. Brown, and has had several children, two of whom only are living — Malcolm and Willis ; Levi Parker was married to Charlotte E. Rey- nolds in March, 1865; they have two lovely little girls — Birdie and Cora ; Charles C. P. was married, Sept. 17, 1855, to Sarah J. Reynolds who died July 26, 1873, of purpura hemorrhagica, aged 37 years 3 months and 15 days; Mr. and Mrs. Holden lived to see the country, which was a wilderness when they came to it, settled up and dotted all over with first- class farms, with villages in every direction, railroads running through all parts of the State, with one through their own farm ; they had lived to see all these things ac- complished, and their children well settled in life. April 17, 1867, they had their golden wedding, all their children being present, except Elizabeth ; many came from Chicago to congratulate the aged couple on their fiftieth anniversary of their wedding; it was a happy time fn* all — chil- dren and grandchildren. Mrs. Holden was afHieted with a cancer in the face, which first made its appearance in about 1864; i(, continued to grow and spread, until Sept. 24, 1869, when she yielded up I other life this dreaded disease ; during the 842 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: last years of her life, she had suiFered the most excruciating pain, but bore it all with a meekness and forbearance seldom to be met with in this world ; from her youth, she had been a consistent Baptist, not merely in word but in deed ; the privations she had to endure during many years after lier removal to Illinois, were met without a murmur, saying " it is all for the best"; she lived lor her family, and those she left behind her are sad witnesses of this fact ; she always had a kind word for everybody and none knew her but to lovelier; Mr. Holden took her death very hard, but would fill up the time as best he could in visiting his children in Chicago, Joliet and elsewhere ; he had been in his neighbor- hood quite a prominent man, always taking an active part in politics, but never seeking office ; he had been an original Henry Clay Whig, but since that party had become ' extinct, he had joined the Republicans ; when Lincoln was nominated for the Presi- dency the first time, in 1860, he was an anxious looker-on in the lobby of the Convention ; Lincoln having been an old Whig, he claimed that he would make a safe and good President ; of this he was j sure; the truthfulness of this assertion has been verified to the letter. Mr. Holden was present at the laying of the corner- stone for the Bunker Hill Monument, which corner-stone was laid bv Gen. La- fayette, June 17, 1825 ; he was a careful observer, and read much from the news- papers of the day, keeping well posted as regards current events ; early in February, 1872, he took a severe cold, caused by a trip which he had .taken to visit his chil- dren in Chicago ; his condition was not thought to be dangerous, when, suddenly he was taken away, dying on February 2a, 1872, at the good old age of 79 years 9 months and 18 days ; he died on his farm, that which he located in August, 1836; he was buried by the side of Mrs. Holden and his two daughters, Emeline and Sarah, in a beautiful lot in Oakwood Cemetery, near Joliet. HON. CHARLES C. P. HOLDEN, Chicago ; is a native of Groton, New Hampshire ; he was born on the 9th of August, 18J7, and is the son of Phinea.s H. and Betsey P. Holden. His mother wajs the only daughter of Lieut. Levi jarker, of the Continental army. His parents had a small farm among the rugged hills of New Hampshire. In 1830, they removed to West Hartford, Vermont, set- tling on an eighty-acre farm, where they re- mained until June 1, 1836, at which time they removed, with their family of nine children, to Illinois. Arriving in Chicago on the morning of June 30, 1836, the family at once obtained conveyances and started for the country, first seeking the home of Josiah R. Holden, brother of the senior Holden, who lived a few miles below Plainfield, on the Du Page River, in Will County. After a brief visit, Mr. Holden located a claim at Skunk Grove on the headwaters of Hickory Creek, now Frank- fort. Mr. Holden received but a very limited education, having to go with his brothers and sisters a distance of three miles to a school kept in a rude log hut. Subsequently, the family had a school taught in their own house, and the teacher of the school was Mr. A. B. Safibrd, now a leading banker of Cairo. III. In 1842, his father placed him in Charles Sweet's grocery store on North Water street, where the freisrht house of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway now stands. In 1845, he went into W. W. Barlow's bookstore, where he remained on a salary of $12 per month until the spring of 1847, at which time, the Mexican war still raging, he enlisted in Company F, 5th Regiment Illinois Volun- teers. Mr. Holden carried his musket for nineteen months, servins; until the close of the war. After a short visit to his home he entered the employment of A. H. & C. Burley, booksellers, at that time at 122 Lake street in this city. He remained in their service until March 19, 1850, at which time he lefl, in company with seven others, by the overland route, for California, where he arrived early in July of that year. Mr. Holden immediately commenced mining, and following it closely for fifteen months in the dry diggings of Logtown, and on the Middle Fork of the American River, when in October, 1851, he joined his old employer, W. W. Barlow, and went to Napa Valley, where he entered into farm- ing and stock-raising, remaining here until the fall of 1853, when he closed up his operations, and took passage on the steam- ship Winfield Scott from San Francisco, December 1, for home. The second night FRANKFOHT TOWNSHIP. 84S out, when off Santa Barbara, in a dense fog, th(> stoaini^hip was wrecked by running i»n the rocks of Anna Capa Island. Tlie passengers, liowever, were safely landed, arriving in New York January 1, 1854. From New York he went to New England, returning to Chicago, March 18, 1854. February 20, 1855, he entered the service of the Illinois Central Railroad Company in its land dcjiartment, with wliich cor- poration he continued until February 4, 1873. September 17, 1855, Mr. Holden was married to Miss Sarah J. Reynolds, daughter of Isaac N. and Rue Ann Rey- nolds, of New Lenox, Will Co., 111. His wife was born on the farm where he married her ; her mother, Mrs. Reynolds, was a daughter of the late Abraham Holder- man, who was one of the first settlers in northern Illinois, having located a large tract of land at Holderman's Grove, La Salle and Kendall Counties, in 1830. Mr. Holderman was a native of Pennsylvania. In 1858, Mr. Holden was a delegate to the State Convention at Springfield, 111., at which Convention Abraham Lincoln was first brought prominently before the American people. In April, 1861, Mr. Holden was elected to the Common Coun- cil of Chicago. When Mr. Holden first entered the Council, the war had just been declared. The Council voted money and supplies liberally to its citizen volunteers, and through his own eft'ort, in 18G2, he raised a company (E) for the 88th Illinois Volunteers. This company was com- manded by his brother, Levi P. Holden, who had enlisted in the service at the be- ginning of the war in the 20th Illinois Volunteers. Subseijuently Capt. Holden was promoted to Major of the same regi- ment. He had one other brother in the service, David L. Holden, who was com- missary Sergeant of the 53d Regiment. Mrs. Holden also had two brothers in the service, one of whom, John H. Reynolds, a Sergeant in Company E, 88th Illinois Volunteers, died Januju-y 23, 1863, in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., just after the battle of Stone River. Joseph S. Reynolds another brother, was a Captain in the Yates Sharpshooters; and, after going with Sher- man to the sea, he returned home a Brig- adier-General. Mr. Holden had a repre- sentative in the army in the person of Alonzo C. Ide; Mrs. Holden had hers in the person of Harris Durkcc ; and her sister. Rowena P. Reynolds, had one in the person of Frederick A. Ilausmann. Late in 1864, when President Lincoln called for 300,000 more, Chicago's quota was very large, and the various wards were called upon for their respective quota. Mr. Hol- den organized a draft association, of which he was President, for his ward (at that time the Tenth), to raise money to fill their quota, and succeeded in raising" nearly $52,000 for this purpose. There was no draft in this ward. In December, 1870, Mr. Holden was elected President of the Common Council, and at the time of the great fire, when all was confusion, the main part of the city in ruins, after looking over the field on the morning of Oct. 9, he quickly con- cluded that something had to be done to relieve the 100,000 people then in dire distress, and that, too, quickly. Calling to his aid Mr. 0. E. Moore and Capt. Miller, he took possession of the church on the corner of Ann and Washington streets, and here was formed a nucleus which subsequently became world-renowned for the great good done. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of that ever memorable day, Mr. Holden had succeeded in getting together the Mayor and Police Commissioner Brown, when, at his request, the Hon. S. S. Hayes drew up the following proclamation : WiiERKAS, In the providence of God, to whose will we humbly submit, a terrible ca- lamity has befallen our city, which demands of us our best efforts for the preservation of order and the relief of the suffering; Be it known. That the faith and credit of the city of Chicago is hereby pledged for the nec- essary expenses for the re ief of the suffering. Public order will be preserved. The police and special police, now being appointed, will be responsible for the maintenance of the peace and the protection of property. All officers and men of the fire department and health department will act as special police- men without further notice. The Mayor and Comptroller will give vouchers for all supplies furnished by the different relief committees. The headquarters of the city government will be at tlie Congregational Church, corner of West Washington and Ann streets. All per- sons are warned against any acts tending to endanger property. .Vll persons caught in any depredations, will be immediately arrested. With the help of God, order and peace and private properly shall be preserved. The city government and committees of citizens pledge themselves to the community to protect them 844 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: and prepare the way for a restoration of pub- lic and private welfare. I( is believed the fire has spent its force and all will soon be well. 11. B. Maso.v, Mayor. Geougk Taylor, Comptroller. (By R. B. Mason.) Chahlks C. p. Holden, President Common Council. T. B. Brown. President Board of Police. Chicago, October 9, 1871. After the ^reat fire both political parties nominated him for the mayoralty. Hon. Joseph Medill was nominated upon what was termed the fire-proof ticket for the same position. The city press indorsed the fire-proof ticket. Mr. Holden, with his associates on the ticket, made a gallant fight, but were beaten at the polls, and the entire fire-proof ticket was elected. Mr. Hol- den continued to serve in theCouncil until the until the expiration of his term, Dec. 1, 1872. In February, 1873, Mayor Medill nominated Mr. Holden for the position of Police Com- missioner. Mr. Holden, being largely engag- ed in building at the time, declined the prof- fered position, as will be seen by the following: Hon. Joseph Medill, Mayok, Dear Sir: From the proceedings of the i Council last evening, I learn that my name was submitted by your honor as Police Com- missioner, to fill the vacxncy caused by the removal of Mr. Reno. While I am not only j willing but anxious to serve your honor and ' the best interest of the city in its present diffi- culties, my other positive engagements will not allow me to fill the proffered position. Thanking you most kindly for your preference, I have to ask that you will submit some other name and withdraw mine from the Common Council. I am, yours most respectfully, Charles C. P. Holuen. Mr. Holden was appointed West Chi- cago Park Commissioner by Gov. Palmer, in March, 1869, and re-appointed in 1871, for seven years. In 1872, he was one of the Greeley electors on the State ticket ; he was elected County Commissioner in November, 187-1, for the term of three years ; Mr. Holden was chosen President of the County Board on the first Monday in December, 187G ; the Court House had but just been commenced, but during his term of office he gave it his un(jualified attention, laying the corner-stone of the same July 4, 1877 ; the County Hospital was also begun and carried to completion during his tcirni of Commissioner ; in 1867, Mr. Holden procured the charter for the Chicago & Illinois River Railroad, i and during its first years was its President ; it is now in operation between Joliet and Streator ; Mr. Holden is now engaged in building the Joliet & Mendota Short Line Railway. Mr. Holden's wife died after a long and painful illness, July 26, 1873 ; she was a most lovely woman, adored by all who knew her ; for nearly eighteen years she had been the joy of Mr. Hold- en's household, making all happy around her, and Mr. Holden attributes the great success which he had during those years to his departed and lovely wife ; soon aft- er their marriage, and in 1858, her sister, Rowcna P. Reynolds, came to live with the family, and has ever since been a mem- ber of it ; Mr. Holden's sister, Sarah Ann C, died of consumption in 1847 ; his sis- ter Mary Emeline, wife of Dr. J. W. Freer, died of consumption in 1846 ; his mother, Betsey Parker Holden, died of cancer in the face Sept. 24, 1869, aged 78 years; his father, Phineas H. Holden, died of old age, hurried on by a severe cold, Feb. 23, 1872, aged 79 years and 10 months; his wife and these members of his family now rest in the beautiful Oak- wood Cemetery, near Joliet, in this State. Mr. Holden was married to Miss Louise R. Jones, daughter of John Jones, of Cin- cinnati, Ohio, on the 28th of April, 1875. Of his father's family living, there are Newton P. Holden, County Physician of Cook Co.; David L. Holden, station agent for the Illinois Central Railroad at Mat- teson. 111.; George M. Holden, long of this city, now in the employ of the city as one of its trusted officers; Maj. Levi P. Holden, at Hampton, Iowa; Mrs. Eliza- beth W. Wilson, of Ft. Madison, Iowa, and Mrs. Mira J. Brown, of Chicago. SARAH J. HOLDEN, daughter of Isaac N. and Rue Ann Reynolds, was born April 11, 1836; she was the second child of a family of ten children, the eldest be- ing a boy ; her parents, at the time of her birth, lived on a farm seven miles east of Joliet, in this State (now New Lenox); they were among the very first settlers in Will Co., having located there in 1834; Mrs. Holden's mother was the daughter of the late Abraham Holderman, one of the pioneers of Northern Illinois, having located at Holderman's Grove, in La Salle Co., in 1830. Mrs. Holden being the eldest daughter of thefamily, much devolved FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. 845 on her, as is usually the case, especially in a now country ; and whtMi a men' child she exhibited those traits of industry that were so noticeable in her throui^h life. At the age of 7 years, pieced, with her own hands, a bedquilt, which is now in the possos- >ion of the bereaved husband as a relic of her industrious habits in her younger years. At the age of 1(1, while gathering gum from the wild rosin weed, on the prairie, in company with her younger brother, Joseph S. (now State Senator from Chicago), she was bitten by a rattle- snake, and, being some distance from her home, ere she reached it the virus had de- veloped itself throughout her system. Everything was done that could be to allay the poison ; physicians were, called, and, after weeks of great suffering, she slowly recovered from the effects of the bite of this most poisonous reptile. She received a good education at the district school and in the academies of Joliet and Plainfield. Mr. Holden can well remember seeing her by the roadside, going to and from school when a mere child, the Holden family liv- ing but a few miles from the Reynolds homestead. On Sept. 17, 1855, she mar- ried Mr. Charles C. P. Holden, and from that period till the day of her fatal sickness, it was her greatest pleasure to make her home pleasant, and friends around her hap- py. She always wanted some member of her parents' family included in her house hold, and, in the spring of 1858, she pre- vailed upon them to let her younger sister (Birdie) come and live permanently in her family. She loved her home, and very seldom took the usual pleasure-trips that most people enjoy so much. In 1857, she accompanied her husband on a trip to New England and the White Mountains. She liked well enough the trip of a couple of days, to Springfield, Cairo, Dubuque, or some other neighborhing city, but did not enjoy long ones. On one occasion, Mr. Holden was going to Cincinnati on busi- ness ; it was in 1870, and when asked if she would not like to go along, she replied, ''No; I will stay at home. Birdie had better go." Again, Mr. Holden proposed to go to Niagara, but Mrs. Holden sug- gested that she preferred to remain at home, and said, "Take llattic and Birdie." And so it was at all times. When but a child it had been her greatest delight to aid her mother in her hou.sehold duties. Long before she was large enough to stand by the side of the table, she would get a chair and stand in that, and by so do- ing be enal)led to wash and wipe her mother's di.shes, which othcjrwise .she could not accompli.sii. She lost a dearly-beloved brother, who died ~ in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., a few days after the hard-fought battle of Stone River, in January,1863 — John H. Reynolds, who but a few months before had enlisted in Capt. L. P. Holden's company, in the 88th 111. V. I ; and, the following spring, her younger brother, C. C. P. Reynolds, died of scarlet fever. I'he death of these two brothers seemed a hard blow to her. She had one other brother in the army, Gen. Joseph S., whom she followed with a si-ster's love until he went with Sherman to the Sea, and then returned in safety to his home. Her eldest brother, Abram H. Reynolds, lived with his f;imily at Wenona, 111., and it was in the spring of 1867 that word came that his family were severely sick, when by the next train Mrs. Holden was en route for Wenona; and in a few days, when she returned, she brought with her his youngest daughter, then 3 years old, a lovely little girl. She had been named after Mrs. Holden, Sarah J. She had taken such a liking for little Sadie that she prevailed upon the parents to allow her to keep the child, and .she has ever since re- mained in the family, Mrs. Holden always taking the greatest pains to properly bring- up and educate her. Before her death, she would often speak of Sadie, hoping that she might continue to be a good girl and a blessing to the family. Mrs. Holden was very benevolent, and from the time she commenced housekeeping until the day of her sickness, she had one or more families whom she was aiding in various ways to make a livelihood, and someof those whom she had so befriended, with tears in their eyes, followed her remains to the tomb. Early in March, 1872, she went to visit her ])arents at New Lenox, as was usual with her several times a year, and, whilst at their home, on March 14th, was sudden- ly prostrated in sickness. She was taken violently sick with purpura hemorrhagica. Dr. Holden, her brother-in-law, who resides at Frankfort, was called immediately to her bedside, and did all that could be done to 846 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: save her life. Dr. Casey, of Joliet, and Freer, of Chicago, were also called in con- sultation. For four months she lay at the point of death. Her mother and sisters Hattie, Birdie and Lottie (who came from Iowa on pui-pose to minister to her), were constantly in attendance, as was also her sister-in-law. Caroline P. Holden, for a large portion of the time; and her hus band attributes the saving of her life at that time to the extraordinary care and attention that she received from those above mentioned and others ; he believes if it had not been for Dr. Holden she could not have survived that first attack. In J uly, a change took place, and she slowly began to recover ; and, on Oct. 12, had so far recovered as to be enabled to once more look upon her own home; and never was mortal more happy at the result than was Mr. Holden. But, sad to say, she was not fully restored to health ; it was only partial, and that but temporary. She had several severe attacks during the winter of 1873, the disease having assumed another character, aud now appeared in disease of the bladder. In the month of April, she expressed much anxiety for the health of her sister Birdie, whose constitution she feared was giving away, caused by over- watchfulness and care upon her during her long sickness ; and an opportunity having presented itself by which Rowena (Birdie) could take a trip with her brother Joseph S. Reynolds, to Europe, Mrs. Holden urged that she should do so; "for," she said, "it will, in all probability, save Birdie's life, and her absence will have no eflFect as to the final result with myself" Birdie lefl Chicago for this trip May 7, 1873, in company with her brother, her sister Hat- tie immediately taking her place until her return. It was a sad parting, the two sisters, who had been so closely allied to- gether for more than fifteen years, now to separate, and probably forever. In July, she commenced rapidly to fail; her mother and sister Hattie were constantly with her to alleviate her suffering as best they could. She gradually grew weaker, and, on Friday, July 25, at about 3 o'clock P. M., she called her husband to her bedside, when she said to him, " Charles, I cannot live but a little while. God has forgiven my sins, and I am ready to die." She then made various bequests — to her sister Birdie she gave her diamond ring and many other articles of great value and use- fulness ; to her sister Hattie she gave her watch and chain ; also a heavy plain ring, together with other articles ; to her sister Lottie she gave her pearl and jet jewelry ; to her mother, her sister-in-law Caroline (Dr. Holden's wife), her niece Sadie, and others, she gave beautiful presents. While making these bequests, she suddenly stopped and said, " Charles, what shall I give you ?" Thinking for a moment, she said, "Oh, I will give you my books." As she had quite a collection of valuable works, and knowing her husband's fondness for their library, no doubt flashed across her mind when she made this valuable gift. Mr. Holden asked her what dispo- sition she wished to make of her silver- ware — for she had a lai-ge quantity — her reply was, " Oh. you will need it." She had, at different times, brought money into the family, but, above all, had brought to her husband's aid, for more than seventeen years, her advice, which was to him of inestimable value. Soon after this conver- sation, she relapsed into a weak stupor, but was perfectly conscious when aroused, and during the night repeatedly assured those caring for her of her trust in the Savior. Toward morning she was suffering very much, and, as her mother was bending over her, in deep grief, the husband said, "Sarah, do you know your mother?" when, quickly looking up, she replied, " Why, bless your heart, yes. The Messenger came at 10:25 A. M., July 26, and then passed away one of the noblest and best women that ever adorned a house- hold. " Forever shall she be in praise, Named softly as the household name Of one whom God has taken." Her father and mother are still living. Her brother, Abram H., married Martha Link, and they have five children living : Sarah, his second daughter, has been adopted by Mr. Holden. Her brothers, Isaac, William and Gen. Joseph S., are still living, as also her sisters, Harriet A., Charlotte E. and Rowena P. ; the latter is a member of Mr. Holden's family. [Fiom the Chicago Evening Journal, July 28, 1873.] This forenoon, at 11 o'clock, the rela- tives and friends of C. C. P. Holden, Esq., assembled at his residence, No. 323 West FRANKFOIIT TOWNSHIP. 847 Monroe street, for the purpose of uniting with him in paying the last earthly tribute of respect to liis wife, deceased on Satur- day last. It will be remembered by the readers of the Journal, that early in the spring of 1872, Mrs. Holdcn, while on a visit to her parents at New Lenox, Will Co., in this State, was taken violently sick with purpura hemorrhagica, and for many months was not expected to live, bu^ finally a change took place, and in the following October she so far recovered as to be able to be brought home. She gained steadily until the middle of December, when she was again prostrated by severe sickness. From this attack she partially recovered in the months of March and April, but in the month of 31ay she was again attacked with more severity than ever, resulting in her death, as stated. The deceased was a few months over 37 years of age, and was mar- ried to Mr. Holdeu on Sept. 17, 1855 ; she was the daughter of Isaac N. and Rue Ann Reynolds, upon whose farm, in Will Co., she was born ; she was a granddaugh- ter of the late Abraham Holderman, who was one of the original pioneers of North- ern Illinois, having settled at Holderman's Grove, La Salle Co., in 1831. Mrs. Holden was a woman of most amiable dis- position and great kindness of heart. Her manners were very engaging, and all who knew her were won by the kindness which always illuminated her face with its attract- iveness. She was eminently domestic in all her tastes, finding the happiness of her life in her family, and studying to make home attractive, and those she loved happy. During her entire and most distressing ill- ness, she constantly exhibited a childlike trust in God and submission to His will that most beautifully illustrated the con- solations afibrded by a religious faith. Only the day before her death, she called her friends about her, assured them of her trust in the Savior, her belief that she could not live, her readiness to die, and then passed away in the hope of a blessed immortality. Mr. Holden, in this deep affliction, has the heartfelt sympathy of an extended circle of friends, as was attested by the large num- ber present at the funeral services this morning. Among the prominent citizens present were Hon. L. L. Bond, Samuel Hoard, E. F. Runyan, Alderman Wilce, ex-Aldermen Daggy and Salisbury, E. S. Albro, Alderman Batehum, and C. N. Holden. The house was filled to overflow- ing with friends of the family, all desirous of viewing the face of the " dear departed,'' ere her remains should be laid away for- ever in the silent tomb. In the center of the front parlor stood the elegant metallic casket in which reposed the remains of the deceased lady. The casket was beau- tifully adorned with flowers and sprigs of evergreens, and at the foot stood a small harp encircled by flowers of sweetest fra- grance. On the top of the burial case, surrounded by a wreath of white roses, there was a silver plate bearing the follow- ing inscription : " Sarah J. Holden. Died July 2(), 1873, aged 37 years 3 months and 15 days." Around the casket con- taining the sacred clay were gathered the husband, child, father, mother, brother, and several other relatives of the deceased. The solemn and impressive ceremonies were opened with music, a portion of the choir of the Second Baptist Church singing a plaintive dirge, with organ accompani- ment. After the singing. Rev. T. W. Goodspeed, of the same Church, read a portion of Scripture from the eighth chap- ter of Romans. He then proceeded to make some very appropriate and touching remarks, setting forth the more prominent characteristics of the deceased, mentioning several interesting incidents of her illness, and her religious experience, etc. He spoke from a personal acquaintance with the departed one, of her amiability and many virtues. At the close of his address, the choir sang the well-known hymn com- mencing: "Sister, thou wast mild and lovely." At the conclusion of this exer- cise, Rev. E. S. Osgood, D. D., an old and intimate friend of the Holden family, made a few remarks appropriate to the occasion, and then the friends took a final look at the face of the deceased, and amid sobs and tears which told of the heavy sorrow resting upon many hearts, the casket was closed and borne to the waiting hearse, Messrs. Aldermen W^ilce and Bateham, E. S. Albro, Prof Palmer, J. T. Lit- tle and David Cole acting as the pall- bearers. A long line of carriages was then formed, and the funeral cortege slowly wended its way to Rosehill Ceme- tery, where the remains were deposited in a vault. 848 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: LINES ON THE DEATH OF MRS. C. C. P. HOLDKN. 0, weary, surt'ering one, How sweet must he the blessed hoar of rest ! Life's hibors ended, duties nobly done, The tired hands folded on the peaceful breast, No more life's road by weary feet is trod ; Slie rests in peace — the perfect peace of God, That passeth understanding — all the strife. The conflict, ended, and the crown of life And victory is won. We will not call her dead — Only passed on a little while before us; Though very bitter are the tears we shed. And dark the clouds of sorrow brooding o'er us, A light comes through the open gates of heaven. Glimpses of Glory to our souls are given ; T'he still, small voice, calming the troubled deep. Whispers, " He giveth His beloved sleep;" And we are comforted. Passed from our longing sight, Like stars at dawn of day — not dead, but risen, Ascended to the morning-land of light ; Like a glad bird escaping from its prison, The soul has found its wings, and soars on high, Throwing the worn-out mortal garments by — Borne by the Angels to the realms of day. Where God Himself shnll wipe all tears away, And there is no more night. The tears of sorrow shed Are not for her, our beautiful departed ; But for ourselves we mourn uncomforted. Left desolated, alone, and broken-hearted. And longing with unutterable pain To hear the sweet and loving voice again, The dear companionship of love to share That once made life so beautiful and fair ; What bitter grief to know the holy light Of loving eyes no more will bless our sight ! Alone life's path to tread. Alone and desolate, But not forsaken. Love can never perish ; The faithful dove cannot forget her mate, Nor cease Love's holy memories to cherish. The faithful friend, the gentle, loving wife. The brightest jewel in the crown of life — Love ! most precious gift to mortals given. Gone, but not lost, — to be restored in Heaven — For this we pray and wait ! LouESA Sanger. Fkaj«ikkort, Will Co., July, 1874. SIMON HOIIENSTEIN, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Mokena ; was born in Germany Sept. 17, 1837; came to the United States in 1853, and to this State, and settled in this county in the same year. His farm consists of eighty- five acres, valued at $6,000. He was married to Charlotte Knai)p, who was born in Ger- many ; they have had seven children, six of whom are living, viz., Simon, Charley. Daniel, Conrad, Charlotte and Peter ; de- ceased, Charlotte J. Mr. H. is at present holding the office of Assessor ; he has held office of Collector in Greeiigarden one year, and one year in Frankfort Tp WESLEY D. JONES, fmnerand stock- raiser ; P. 0. 3Iokena; one of our first settlers ; was born in Vermont Sept. 29, 18-4 ; came to this State with his father's family in 1844. His farm, which is located on Sees. 5 and 16 in Frankfort Tp., and on Sec. 32 in Orland, Cook Co., consists of 220 acres, and is valued at $11,000. He was married to Miss Helen Granger Dec. 11, 1854; they have had seven chil- dren, six of whom are living, viz., Wright, Albert L., Mary, Nellie, Allanson G. and Lottie ; deceased, Lloid. PHILIPP KLEPPER, manufacturer of carriages and wagons, Frankfort Station ; was born in Germany Sept. 3, 1842 ; came to the United States with his father's family in 1847, and settled in Frankfort Tp. Mr. K. was married to Miss Mary Droesler*; they have had six children, three of whom are living — Henry, Mary and Nannie ; deceased, Etta, John and Philip. KARL KNAPP, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. Mokena ; was born in Ger- many Jan. 6, 1818; came to the United States in 1850, and settled in Ohio, where he remained one year ; he then removed to Illinois and settled in Will Co. ; he has been a resident of Frankfort for the past eighteen years. His farm consists of eighty acres, valued at $5,000. He was married to Miss Katherina Knapp; they have had eleven children, eight of whom are living, viz., Charlotte, Karl, Daniel, Christian, Carolina, Johannas, Katherina and August ; deceased, Daniel, Carolina and Nicholas. MARTIN KRAPP,of thefirra of Krapp & Cappel, butchers and dealers in live-stock ; P.O. Mokena; wasborn in Germany Oct. 2, 1831 ; United States in 1854, and to this State in the same year, when he settled in Blue Island ; he removed from there to Mokena. in 1857. He was married to Miss Katrina Steffan April 25, 1857 ; have had four children, three of whom are living, viz., Sophia, Louisa and Emil. Mr. Krapp has held office of Township Trustee in Frankfort Tp. nine years. CHARLES KARCH, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; was bora FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. 849 in Herkimer Co., N. Y.. July it, 1844; fame to this State with his father's family in 1848, and settled in Frankfurt, Will Co., 111., ; he i."^ the son of H. J. Karch, who is one of our first settlers and pioneers ; his farm consists of IDO acres, valued at Sl(l,UOll. lie was married iMay 17, 1876, to Miss Mary Kam|ie, who was born in Cook Co., 111., Feb. 27, 1855. Mr. Karch has, in connection with his farming pursuits, the agency for the sale of all kinds of farming implements and the Wilson Sewing Machine ; also has been general insurance atjent for five years. FRED KEMPE, farmer and stock- raiser; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; was born in Germany, April 14, 1826; came to the United States in 1854, and to Illinois in the same year; he has been a resident of Frankfort fur the past fifteen years; his farm consists of 325 acres valued at SI 5,000. He was married to Miss Lottie Haemyn who was born in Germany; they have hud nine children, four of whom are living — Mary, Johnnie, Fred and Katie ; deceased. Christian, Doretta, Willie, Lottie and Henry. PP:TER KALMER, farmer and .stock- raiser; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Germany Nov. 15, 1828 ; came to the United States with his father's family in 1852, and to this State and settled in Will Co. in the same year ; his farm consists of 125 acres, val- ued at $4,500. He was married to Miss Catherine Kalmer, was born in Germany ; they have had ten children, seven of whom are living, viz., Carolina, Phillipena, Mary, Charley, Ranta, Lizzie and Albert ; de- ceased, Daniel, Katie and Jacob. J. R. LETTS, grain dealer and com- mission merchant, Frankfort Station; was born in Woodstock, Ont., Oct. 10, 1830 ; came to this State in 1845, and settled in Frankfort in 1855 ; he is a son of the late Jeremiah Letts, deceased. Was married July 26, 1854, to Miss Hulda Doty, who was born in Ohio, June 8, 1830; they have had nine children, all of whom are livintr, viz.: J. W., G. D., F. C, J. B., F. L.,' D., B., F. and L. Mrs. Letts died June 29, 1875. Mr. L. married again to Mis.s E. Williamson, who was born in Ohio April 16, 1831. He has held the office of Constable one term, and during the war held the office of War Fund Commissioner nearly one year. W 1 LL I A M H . L()( J A N . ca r riage and huu.se i)ainter, grainer, and proprietor of Sorghum Works, Frankfort Station ; wa» born in Frankfort, Will Co., Jan. 20, 1849; is the son of James Logan, who is one of our early settlers. Mr. L. was married to Miss Adele S. Quackenbush, who was born in New y7 ; they have two adopted children, viz., Frank W. and Flora Nill- son. He lived in Ohio twenty-three years, and then came to his present place, engag- ing in farming and teaching ; his early days were spent in the district school ; at 18, he attended the Western Reserve Acad- emy and Willoughby Collegiate Institute, and later lie attended the Oberlin College. While at the latter place, he enlisted in the 100-day service, but was not in active service. He has eighty acres here which he has principally earned by his own labor. He has been principal of the Channahon and Oswego schools ; for the past five years he has taught the district school near by. L. W. McCREERY, farming and stock, Sees. 83 and 34 ; P. 0. Plainfield ; the subject of this sketch was born on the present place May 10, 1857. He married Miss Annie Bristol Feb. 18, 1877; she was born in Ohio Nov. 7, 1855 ; they have one child, namely, Lena. He has always lived on the present place. In 1875, he began farming on his own ac- count on the present farm, belonging to his father. JOSEPH McCREERY, retired ; P. 0. Plainfield ; the subject of this sketch was born in Benton, Ontario Co., N. Y., July 1, 1810. He married Miss Abigail Ann Van Riper in November, 1830 ; she was born in New Jersey ; they had twelve chil- dren, eight living, viz., John, Joseph, Charles, Alfred, Lewis, Mary, Lucy and Isabell. He lived in New York until 1833, when he went to Canada and engaged in the lumber business continuing four years; he then returned to New York and engaged in the lumber business at Rochester, where he remained until 1845; he then came to Will Co., and settled in Plainfield, where he engaged in farming ; continued until 1875, when he came to his present place. He is no ofiice-seeker, his only offices being con- nected with the school and road. He started in very poor circumstances, and now owns 250 acres in this township. He has been connected with the Universalist Church for the past twenty-five years. JOHN MOTTINGER, retired; P. O. Plainfield ; the above gentleman was born iu Penn.sylvaiiia, May 8, 1799. He married Miss Barbara Long ; she was born in Pennsylvania ; they have ten children, viz., Suanna, Elizabeth, Mary Ann, Joseph, Leah, Anna C, Sarah, Lena, Rebec a, Samuel and Daniel. He lived in Penn- sylvania until he was 13, when he went to Ohio with his jiarents, where his father died ; he then went to Illinois and settled in Will Co., engaging in farming ; all his children are married ; his parents, George and Mrs. Elizabeth Lashbaugh Mottinger, both died in Ohio ; they were natives of Pennsylvania. H. S. NORTON, farming. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Plainfield ; the above gentleman was born on his present place Dec. 1, 1845. He married Miss Matilda F. Bend(r March 23, 1870; she was born in Lan- caster Co., Penn., Nov. 16, 1852; they had five children, three living, viz., Alice, Frank and Hattie. He has always made this his residence ; soon after becoming of age. he began to farm on his own account ; he owns fifty acres, which he has principally earned by his own labor ; he is operating a pit of building sand on his place, which, is of very superior quality ; it was first discovered by his father in 1 845 ; his par- ents, Benjamin K. and Mrs. Harriett Yaple Norton, were natives of Tomp- kins Co., N. Y. ; Mr. Norton came to this county in 1839, and Mrs. Norton came in 1842 ; they settled on the present place in 1843 ; Mr. Norton died Oct. 17, 1874 ; Mrs. Norton lives on an adjoining farm. S. S. PRATT, furniture! etc.. Plain- field ; is a native of Vermont ; he was born at Bennington, Feb. 28, 1814. He mar- ried Miss Esther A. Beckwith Nov. 27, 1839; she was born in Norfolk, N. Y., Aug. 12, 1822 ; they had four children, three living, viz., Laura, Clara and Nor- man. He lived in Vermont about nine- teen years, when he moved to New York ; remaining until spring of 1834, when he came to Chicago and engaged in the furni- ture business, remaining eighteen months; in the fall of 1835, he came to Plainfield and engaged in same business, and has been identified with the business since, except ten years he engaged in farming ; 862 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: he was also interested in the furniture business in Joliet during the building of the canal ; he has been a member of the Congregational Church for the past thirty years, and has taken an active part in its affairs. All his children are married and living in this village. A. J. PERKINS, physician and surgeon, Plainfield ; is a native of New York ; he was born in Mt. Upton March •JO, 1834. He married Miss Eliza Bangs May 10, 1860 ; she was born in Benning- ton, Vt.; they had two children, one liv- ing, viz., Harry A. He resided in New York until 1855 ; his eai-ly days were passed on the farm in summers and in the district schools during winters ; he then applied himself regularly to school and later engaged in teaching, also in reading- medicine ; in 1864, he graduated in the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, Ohio ; he then came to Plainfield and engaged in his profession. Though not a i member he has been actively identified with the churches of the village, and is persistent in his labors for the benefit of the schools of the place. ALEXANDER ROBERTS, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Plainfield ; was born in Can- ada June 9, 1809. He married Miss Sallie Sawyer Feb. 7, 1831 ; she was born in Canada, and died Aug. 11, 1844; they had six childien, three living — James, Alexander and Sarah ; his present wife was Miss Harriet C. Hoag ; they were married Feb. 18, 1844; she was born in Weare, N. H., April 14, 1825 ; they had four children, three living — Isabell S., Frank Gr. and Alice E. He lived in Can- ada until he was 24 ; he then moved to Vermont and engaged in farming ; re- mained four years ; then returned to Can- ada and engaged in general merchandise ; remaiaed seven years, when he went to Michigan and engaged in a farming and stock-raising four years ; he then went to Chicago and engaged in packing pork and I beef; he next engaged in the lumber busi- ness at Palos, Cook Co., 111.; he furnished the first ties on the C. & G. R. R.; he manufactured the first lard-oil in Chicago. He was Supervisor of Palos Tp., and one of the Commissioners that built the first Court House in Chicago. He assisted in furnish- ing material to build the lock at Bridge- port, and then came to Plainfield and set- tled on his present place. In 1837, he was living in Canada, and took part in the rebellion of that date, he forming a com- pany to fight for the liberty of Canada ; the uprising having been put down, he had to flee for safety, there being £1,000 reward off"ered for his capture ; he took to the woods for one week ; then changing his attire, he had to cross a bridge guarded by twelve soldiers ; he boldly walked up and inquired of the guard if they had caught the man Roberts, stating that he must have lately passed there ; the guard, un- suspecting, answered in the contrary, and asked if he was looking for him ; he was told " Yes." and that he was prepared to take him dead or alive ; after some talk they took a drink of the strong, and Rob- erts went on, escaping to the United States. MILES ROYCE, farmer ; P. 0. Plain- field. Episcopal ; Republican. Owns about ninety acres, valued at $50 per acre ; was born in Bristol, Hartford Co., Conn., Aug. 20, 1806 ; his father died when he was 3 years old ; Mr. R. resided with his mother until 15 years of age ; then, in company with a brother, he went to Onon- daga Co., N. Y., where he remained until 1834, during which time he was variously engaged in fiirming and manufacturing fanning-mills ; he then came to this place and engaged in the manufacture of fan- ning-mills, which he continued for ten years ; the first year he made fifty, the second seventy-five, the third one hun- dred and fiifty ; these were the first manulactured in the northern part of the State ; he then engaged in farming, and has continued up to the present time. He married Sarah G. Gilman Jan. 10, 1837 ; she was born in Salem, Mass., May 12, 1809; have three children living — Philander C, Orland W. and Sarah Eliz- abeth ; lost one son — Stephen (deceased) ; Orland served three months in the late war ; was discharged on account of disa- bility. JOHN SENNITT, Postmaster, Plain- field; born in Stretham, England, Jan. 15, 1830; remained with parents on a farm until he was 24 years of age ; in the fall of 1854, he emigrated to this country; he stopped near Cleveland, Ohio ; stopping there nearly two years, during which time he worked on a farm ; then, in the spring PLAINFIELD TOWNSHIP. 863 of 1857, came to this village ; at the time was an entire stranger ; worked on a iarm for Mr. J. W. Pennington two years, and S. S. Pratt one year ; in the .spring of 1860, he was engaged in the post office by K. J. Ilaiumoiuls ; in 18G1, \V. Wright was ap- pointed, and Mr. S. continued ; he was suc- ceeded by W. R. Fraser ; he continued until Grant's fir.st election ; then Mr. S. was yjipointed ; he still holds the office. Married in April, 1871, to Emma H. Drew ; she was born in the New England States in the year 1839; she came with her parents to this State Avhen she was 5 years old ; have two children — L. May and Carrie. HORACE SPENCER, M. D., physi- cian, Plainfield; was born in Shaftsbury, Vt., Feb. 11, 1846; resided with his par- ents until of age ; came to this State in 1858 ; studied medicine with Dr. Perkins three years ; spent eight months in the St. Louis Medical College, after which he at- tended one course of lectures in the Ben- nett Medical College of Chicago ; gradua- ted there in 1871. Married Hattie Cor- bin Sept. 29, 1869 ; .she was born May 20, 1848; have two children — May and Flora. Mrs. S. is a daughter of Dr. 0. J. Corbin (_deceased) a former resident and practitioner here; he was born in New Hamp- shire May 2, 1807 ; graduated at Dart- mouth College, N. H. ; came to Plainfield in 1836, and commenced the practice of medi- cine until his death, which occurred April 3, 1869 ; his wife was Mary L. Gross ; she was born in Montpelier, Vt. ; came to this town with her parents in 1833; she died in 1 864, aged about 48 years. Dr. C was well known as a good physician and had a very extensive practice. GEORGE Y. SMITH, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Plainfield ; the above gentleman is a native of Pennsylvania ; he was born in Centre Co., Aug. 8, 1813. He married Miss Magdalena Ream Oct. 6, 1836 ; she was born in Stark ( now Summit) Co., Ohio Jan. 2, 1818; they had eleven children, nine liviug, viz., Sarah, John R., William B., Mary M., Andrew A-, Conrad E., George B., Adam K. and Amos M. He lived in Pennsylvania about eleven years, when he moved to Stark (now Summit) Co., Ohio, with his parents ; engaged in farm- in iK^ BRMOWOOD GREKNOARDEN TOWNSHIP. 871 our early settlers ; was born in St. John, N. B., Aug. 4, 1823 ; came to the United States in 181-1, and to this State, and set- tled in Greongardon, Will Co., in 1855 ; liis farm consists of eighty acres, valued at $4,000. Ho was married Nov. 25, 1846, to Miss vSusan W. Avery, who wa.s born in Plaiiifield I'lain, N. H., Feb. 15, 1825; they have had five children, four of wliora are living, viz., Samuel A., Mary J., John W. and Emma L. ; deceased, Emily M. JACOB ROSS, farmer and stock- raiser : P. 0. Frankfort Station ; was born in Germany July 4, 1838; came to the United States in 18t>0, and to this State the same year and settled in Cook Co. ; he has been a resident of Green Garden for the past ten years ; his farm consists of eighty acres, valued ^.t $4,000. He was married to Miss Mary Sangmeis- ter, who was bern in Germany ; they have one child, viz., Pjliza. Since Mr. R.'s residence in the township, he has filled the offices of Road Commissioner and School Director three years. He was also a par- ticipant in the late war, having en- listed in the 57th I. V. I.; served three years and eight months, and was dis- charged with honor at the close of the war, A. D. 1865. HENRY RUST, farmer and stock-rais- er ; P. 0. Monee ; was born in Germany Jan. 14, 1814; came to the United Statesin 1848, and to Illinois in 1852 ; he has been a resident of Greengarden for the past fourteen years; his farm consists of 160 acres, valued at $7,000. He was married to Miss Mary Matust, who was born in Germany ; they have had seven children, five of whom are living, viz., Hannah, Henry, ^lary, Carl and William ; de- ceased, two infants. Since Mr. Rust's residence in the township, he has held the office of School Director one year. He was also a participant in the war in Germany in 1834. M. F. SANDERS, farmer and stock- raiser; P. 0. Frankfort Station ; our first ., settler in the township, was born in Rut- land Co., Vt., Aug. 17, 1819; came to this State and settled in Greengarden, Will Co., in 1847 ; although the town.ship did not, at that time, have a name. Since his residence in the township, he has held offices of Supervisor several years, Town- '^hip Clerk, and was the first Justice of the Peace in the township afVer its organ- ization, and performed the first marriage ceremony ; his farm consists of 550 acres, valued at $27,000. He was married to Mrs. Sarah Sanders Nov. 13, 1844, who was born in Windsor Co., Vt., March 31, 1823. They have had seven children, four of whom are living, viz., Daphna E., Will- iam H., Charles R. and Josephine V.; deceased, George W., George A. and Frank. CARL SC HON, farmer and stock-raisor; P. 0. Greengarden ; was born in Ger- many Jan. 14, 1833 ; came to the United States in 1864, and to this State and set- tled in Will Co. in the same year. He was married to Miss Mary Kregar, who was born in Germany Sept. 22, 1830; they have had two children, viz., Charley and Frank. The farm of Mr. Schon con- sists of eightv acres, valued at $4,000. HERMAN HENRY STASSEN,farm er and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Monee ; one of our early settlers in the county ; was born in Germany ; came to the United States in 1854, and to this State and settled in Will Co. in the same year ; his farm con- sists of 160 acres, valued at $7,000 ; he has held the office of Supervisor six years ; he has also been a member of the Legisla- ture one term. He was married to Miss G. Maria Dudden ; they have two children, viz., Charles and Menno. He is also Chairman of the Board of Supervisors ; was elected this present year ; he is Treas- urer of the Greengarden Insurance Com- pany, which is fully described in the gen- eral history of the township. . CARL SMIT, farmer ; P. 0. Monee ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Ger- many ; came to the United States in 1862, and to this State and settled in Will Co. in the same year; his farm consists of 100 acres, valued at $5,000. He wag married to Mrs. Srait March 28, 1876; they have one child, viz., Joanna. Mrs. Smit was previously married to Mr. John Smit, now deceased ; they have had seven children, six of whom are living, viz., Augusta, August, Amale, Anchan, Willie and Ernest ; deceased, Frederick. JOHN STASSEN, nurseryman, and agent for Greengarden Ins. Co., Monee; one of our first settlers ; was born in Germany ; came to the United States in 1856, and to this State, and settled in Will Co. in the 14 872 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: same year ; his farm and nursery grounds consists of eighty acres, valued at $5,U00. He was married to Miss Anna Tolkers, who was born in Germany ; they have seven children — Maggie C., Dora K.; Annie J., Gerry F., Henrietta, Dietrieck and Eiecka. AUGUST VOTGT, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. Monee ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Germany ; came to the United States in 1858, and to this State, and settled in Will Co. in the same year ; his farm consists of 1 20 acres, val- ued at $0,000. He was married to Miss Mena Sievert, who was born in Germany ; they have four children — Anna, Lena, Adolph and Freda. Mr. Voigt is now holding the office of Secretary of the Grcengarden Insurance Co., which is fully described in the general history of the township. JOHN WERNER, farmer and stock- raiser ; P. 0. Monee ; was born in Ger- many Nov. 25, 1825 ; came to the United States in 1854, and to this State, and set- tled in Greengarden, Will Co., in 1865; his farm consists of 160 acres, valued at $8,000. He was married to Miss Mary Schde, who was born in Germany March 15, 1823 ; they have had six children, five of whom are living — Dietrick, Elizabeth, William, Antoine and Mary; deceased, John. WILLIAM WATSON, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. 0. Greengarden ; one of our early settlers ; was born in Scotland Aug. 2, 1828 ; came to the United States in 1850, and to this State, and settled in Will Co. in the same year ; his ftirm con- sists of 83^ acres, valued at S4,000. He was married to Miss Ann Phillipps, who was born in England ; they have had ten children, eight of whom are living — Ann J., Sarah C, Mary E., William J., Robert A,, John H., Emma C. and George ; de- ceased, Louisa and Agnes E. CUSTER TOWNSHIP. EDGAR L. BROWN, farmer; P. 0. Braidwood ; was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., Aug. 20, 1837, and is the son of Miner M. and Mary M. Brown ; his father was a farmer; was born in New York about 1811; he remained in New York until 1855; this year, with his family, they em- igrated to Illinois and settled in Reed Tp., what is now known as Custer Tp. ; here he purchased 320 acres of land at $4: per acre ; was among the first settlers of Reed Tp. ; made the improvements on his land and engaged in farming ; then to Wil- mington, where he was engaged in keeping a hotel ; he died in 1864, with the con- sumption, leaving a wife and four children ; his wife, Mary M. Brown, died in 1866. Mr. Edgar L. Brown emigrated West to Illinois with his parents; here he has been engaged in farming ever since. He mar- ried in 1864 to Miss Abbie C Marshall, of Pennsylvania, by whom he has had six children, three living. JAMES BOYD, farmer; P. 0. Wil- mington ; was born in the Isle of Man Feb. 3, 1813, and is the son of James and Ann (Neen) Boyd ; his father was a tailor by trade, but was engaged in farmin g^ Mr. Boyd was engaged in working on a farm owned by a Bishop of the Episcopal Church, and in May, 1851, with his wife, Ann Kennaugh, born in the Isle of Man in May, 1813, emigrated to America and landed in New York City ; thence to Fair- port, Painesville and Cleveland, Ohio ; in May, 1855, came to Illinois and settled in Lake Co. ; here engaged in farming until 1859 ; then to Will Co., and settled on a farm owned by William Trainor ; lived there one year ; he then purchased forty acres of the present farm he now owns at S25 per acre ; Mr. Boyd has made all the improvements on his farm, it being very wild when he first settled here ; when he first came to America he was worth about 87 ; with hard labor, he is to-day one of the successful farmers of Custer Tp. Five children. JAMES CURRAN, farmer; P. O. Wilmington ; this gentleman ranks as one of the successful farmers of Will Co. ; was born in Ireland in 1814, and is the son of Owen and Catherine (Carnf^yJ Curran, of Ireland; his father was a farmer; here CUSTER TOWNSHIP. 873 Mr. Qurran commenced life, engap;ed in farming from the time he was ahle to hold the plow ; hi 1841), with his parents, he eniigrated to America ; thence West to Illinois, and settled in Will Co. ; in 1852, Mr. Curran settled on the place he now lives on, the country being very wild at that time. Married Miss Nellie Coregon, (d Ireland, by whom he has seven chil- dren. Mr. Curran owns 241) acres of fine land in Will Co. STEPHEN CALHOON, farmer; P. 0. Custer; was born in Wood Co., Ohio, Jan. 23, 182-1, and is the son of Abner and Mary ( Hoyt) Calhoon ; father, from New York ; engaged in farming ; came to Ohio about 1812; served as teamster in the war of 1812. When Mr. Calhoon was about 3 years old, with his parents, moved to Kalamazoo Co., Mich. ; here he remained until he was about 24 years old ; in 1848, came to Illinois and settled in Will Co., on the farm he now lives on ; he first pur- chased 120 acres of Government land; when he first came here the country was very wild ; plenty of game ; he states that he has stood in his door and counted as high as seventy-five deer in sight of his house ; Mr. Calhoon, with his fondly, moved to Benton Co., Ind., in 1875, and remained there three years engaged in farming and schooling his children ; re- turned on the old homestead in 1877. Married in 1848 to Miss Weltha Weller, of New York ; four children. Mr. C. has held several ofiices of public trust. Is a Kepublican in politics, and United Brethren in religion. His parents both are dead ; father died in 1855 ; mother in 1878. JAMES DWYER, farmer; P. 0. Braidwood ; the subject of this sketch is one among the oldest settlers of Custer Tp. ; was born in Ireland about 1825, and is the son of James and (/atherine (Cary) Dwyer, of Ireland ; his father was a car- penter and wagon-maker by trade; lived on a farm ; here Mr. Dwyer commenced farming, and, in 1840, he immigrated to America and landed in New York City ; thence to Su.squehanna Co., Penn., and commenced farming ; he wa.'^ a foreman on the New York & Erie Kailroad for six years ; in 1849, he came West to Illi- nois, and settled in Will Co. ; in 1850, he came and settled on the place he now lives on, which was a very wild country at that time ; plenty of wild game — deer, wolves and prairie chickens ; he has made all the improvements on his farm. Mr. Dwyer has held several offices of public trust. Is a Democrat in politics, and a member of ofthe Catholic Church. Married in 1852 to Miss Winnifrcd Noonan, of Ireland ; eight children. Mr. Dwyer came to Amer- ica a poor boy; by his railroading P^ast he saved a little money, came West and invested it in 200 acres, at $2.50 and $5.00 per acre ; he worked hard aud by good management is one of the successful farmers of Will Co. ; owns .3 1 acres of land. JOHN B. FEELY. farmer, P. 0. Braidwood ; was born in the county of Boscommon, Ireland, Jan. 3, 1829, and is the son of Andrew and Mary (Bannon) Feely, of Ireland ; his fother was a farmer ; Mr. Feely was raised on his father's farm, and, in November, 1849, immigrated to America and landed in Boston, Mass. ; thence to Dorchester, Mass., one year on a farm ; then West to Illinois and settled in Joliet, Will Co., April 5, 1851 ; here he remained until 1854 ; he then went to Cal- ifornia and engaged in mining in the gold- fields of California for four years and nine months ; success very good ; he then re- turned to Illinois, and. May 29, 1859, he settled on the farm he now lives on. Mar- ried in 1859 to Miss Wineford Lannon, of Ireland, by whom he has had twelve children, seven living. Mr. Feely is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Catholic Church. Owns 280 acres of land. When he first came here the country was very wild. Made all improvements on his farm. HENRY HUDSON, farmer, P. 0. Wilmington ; was born in Huntingdon Co., Penn., and is the son of Mathew ;ind Sarah (Cook) Hudson; Mr. Hud.^on, when he was but 3 years old, with his par- ents, moved to Trumbull Co., Ohio ; his fiithor was a farmer ; here he set out in farming, and, when 17 years of age, he com- menced to learn the carpenter and joiner trade ; this he followed while in Ohio ; in 1S40, he came to Illinois, and settled in Wilmington, Will Co. ; here, in this vicin- ity, he has remained ever .since ; Mr. Hud- son, before there was a railroad in the vicinity, was engaged in carrying the U. S. mail from Wilmington, Will Co., to 874 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Pontiac, Livingston Co., for nine years. Married twice ; first wife, Lydia A. Fen- ner, of New York ; second wife, Mariah Bell, of Ohio; six children. Mr. Hudson had three sons in the late war, who partic- ipated in some of the hard-fought battles, and were honorably discharged. ROBERT HAWLEY, farmer; P. 0. Wilmin<4ton ; was born in Buckingham- shire, England, in 1822, and is the sou of John and Fannie Hawley ; who died when he was very young ; was raised among strangers ; at 14 years of age, he worked his passage on a lumber vessel to Quebec, Canada, and remained in Canada about two years ; thence to America ; here he spent his time in traveling in different parts of the United States ; came to Illi- nois in 1844, and engaged in working on a farm in Kendall Co. about eighteen mouths; in 1847, he settled on the farm he now lives on, in Custer Tp., Will Co. ; states that there was no house between him and Wilmington ; country very wild. In October, 1861, he enlisted as private in Co. F, 9th 111. Cav. ; this regiment was principally on scouting duty, and did good service ; was mustered out at the close of the war, at Selma, Ala., in 1865 ; returned to his farm and remained here ever since. Married Miss Sarah Ann Burd, of New Jersey. Mr. H. is about the oldest settler of Custer Tp. JAMES KEAY, farmer; P. 0. Custer; was born in county of Forfarshire, Scot- land, Feb. 24, 1812, and is the son of John and Isabella (Barry) Keay, of Scot- land ; his father was a Sergeant Major in the British army ; the latter part of his Hfe he was a toll-keeper ; when Mr. Keay was 20 years old, he entered the manufact- uring business, and followed this for three years ; he then was engaged in the mer- cantile business in Forfar, the county seat of Forfarshire, and remained in business about twenty years ; in 1855, he emigrated to America with wife and four children ; landed in Quebec, Canada, then, by lake, to Chicago, 111.; here he attended a Gov- ernment land sale and purchased 120 acres, the present homestead ; in 1855, he came to Will Co. and settled where he now lives. Mr. Keay married in 1834 to Miss Jane Johnston, of Forfarshire, Scotland, by ■whom he has had seven children. Mr. Keay states that when he first came here the country was very wild and only five houses between his place and Wilmington, Will Co. ITHAMER T. PALMER, farmer; P. 0. Wilmington ; this gentleman was born in New York, March 20, 1846; his father, Jacob J. Palmer, was born in Ver- mont ; emigrated West with his family, and first settled in Kalamazoo Co., Mich., here they remained but a short time, and, in 1849, came to Illinois .and settled in Will Co.; he was engaged in farming one year on what is now known as the Ira Smith farm ; then, with his family, to the present homestead, where Mr. Palmer now lives; here he purchased 116 acres, then wild land ; he made all improvements ; here he spent the remaining part of his life engaged in farming ; died universally respected, leaving a wife and four children. Mr. Ithamer T. Palmer was married in 1877 to Miss Laura Williamson, born in London, England, in 1850, and is the daughter of Thomas and S. (Bruce) Will- iamson. Mr. Palmer is a Republican in politics. Has held the office of Assessor of Township; owns 122 acres of fine, im- proved land. GEO. W. PETRO, former; P. 0. Wilmington ; was born in La Porte Co., Ind., and is the son of George and Cather- ine (Concannon) Petro ; his father was engaged in farming and a soldier of the war of 1812, and was a native of Ohio; having settled in La Porte Co., Ind., at an early day, being among the first settlers of that county ; Mr. Petro was raised on his father's farm, and remained there until ho was 21 years of age; he then entered the mercantile business in Kankakee, 111.; in 1872, he came to Will Co. and settled on the present farm; when Custer Tp. was first organized as a township, Mr. Petro was elected as Supervisor ; this office he now holds, having been elected to same office three times. He is a Republican in politics. Owns 116 acres of improved land. Married Miss Mary Kelley, of Buchanan, Mich.; have five children. MICHAEL SHENK, farmer; P. 0. Braid wood ; the subject of this sketch was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., Aug. 20, 1818, and is the son of Christian and Magdalene ( Wolf) Shenk, of Pennsyl- vania ; his father was a miller by trade, and died when Mr. Shenk was very young; CUSTER TOWNSHIP 875 from Lancaster Co., with his iiiothtT and cliildrt'ii, moved to P]rie Co., Ponn., and remained there until 1858; he then omi'rrated West to Illinois and settled on the place he now lives on ; he first pur- chased IGO acres at $20 per acre ; when he arrived here the country was wild ; he made all the improvements on his farm ; Mr. Shenk, with hard labor, industry and good management, to-day owns 240 acres of fine, improved land, and ranks as one of the successful farmers of Will Co. Mar- ried in 18-11 to Miss Sarah Ann Carter; have eight children. His mother, Mag- dalene Shenk, died in Erie Co., Petin. JOHN J. SMILLIE, farmer and mer chant; P. 0. Wilmington. This gentle- man is one of the oldest settlers of Will Co.; was born in Madison Co., N. Y., Oct. 24, 1828, and is the son of John and Catharine (Kern) Smillie ; his father was a native of Scotland and engaged in farm- ing, having died when Mr. Smillie was very young; his mother (of New York), married to Jeremiah Gray. Mr. Smillie was raised on a farm, and with his parents emigrated West to Illinois in 1835, and settled in Will Co., east of Joliet, then on the forks of the Du Page River; thence to McHenry Co ; here he remained until 1850 ; he then went to the gold fields of California, engaged in mining, remained in California about four years, was very suc- cessful ; he then returned to Illinois and settled on the farm he now lives on ; he first purchased 1(30 acres of land at $3.75 per acre, which land was purchased with money he -chad made in California. Mr. Smillie has been very successful in life ; he commenced a poor boy, and to-day ranks as one of the successful farmers of Will Co.; owns 074 acres of fine, improved land. He moved to Wilmington in order to school his children ; returned to the farm, and has lived here ever since. When he first came to Will Co., the country was very wild ; plenty of Indians, and very troublesome at times ; game in abundance, deer and wolves ; Mr. Smillie has killed many deer, being considerable of a hunter in his younger days ; has held various oflB- ces of public trust in his township. Dem- ocrat in politics. Married in 1855 to Miss Olive Reed, of Will Co., whose par- ents Settled in Will Co. at an early day ; eleven children, nine living. IKA W. SIMITH, farmer; P. O. Wil- mington ; was born in Huron Co., Ohio, Nov. 27. 1834, and is the sun of Ira W. and Louis ( Beckwith) Smith, of Vermont; his father was engaged in farming and stock-raising, and died universally respect- ed, Feb. 18, 1870, at 04 years of age; his mother died June 7, 1847, 37 years of age. Mr. Smith came West to Illinois in Novem- ber, 1844, and settled in Rockville, Kan- kakee Co., and, in 1857, he came to the place he now lives on ; here he remained until the breaking-out of the late war. At the first call forvolunteers(Aug. 27, 1861 j, he enlisted as private in Co. D, 4th I. V. C, under Col. T. Lyle Dickey, who was a soldier in the Mexican war; the 4th I. V. C. was changed to the 12th I. V. C, and par- ticipated in some of the hard-fought bat- tles during the war — Ft. Henry, Ft. Don- elson (where the first substantial success of the war was achieved), at Pittsburg Landing (where a victory was snatched from the jaws of death), in the campaigns, the battles and the siege of Vicksburg and other prominent battles under Gen. Grant, Gen. McPherson and Gen. Dodge; Co.D was with these generals as an escort ; in a skir- mish in Mississippi, Mr. Smith was wounded, which caused him to be off duty six weeks, and four months' sickness ; excepting this he served full time and was honorably dis- charged ; tnustered out as Captain of Co. D, in December, 1865. At the close of the war he returned home here ; he has remained here ever since. Married June, 1866, to Miss Ella Hanson, of Illinois, by whom he has two children ; has 755 acres of fine, improved land. ELI N. SMALL, Postmaster, Custer; the subject of this sketch was born in Her- kimer County, N. Y., June 20, 1828, and is the son of William and Evelina (Canfield) Small ; his mother, a native of Connecticut, his father of New York, and was engaged in the wholesale grocery busi- ness in the city of New York. Mr. Small came West to Will County in 1853, and settled in Wilmington ; then to Custer ; here he has remained ever since ; through his influence, the township of Custer was named, and in honor of Gen. Custer ; is the Postmaster ( the first) of Custer Tp. Married in 1857 to Miss Alice L. Easton, of New York, daughter of William Easton ; they have three children. 876 BIOGRAPHICA.L SKETCHES: WILLIAM B. SMALL, lumber mer- chant, Wilmington ; was born in Hancock County, Ohio, February 24, 1851, and is the son of Daniel and Sophronia (Hall) Small ; came West in 1851 ; commenced the lumber business with his brother E. D. Small, known as E. D. Small & Co., in Wilmington, June 17, 1872 ; here they xuet with good success ; they then started a lumber-yard in Jersey City, Custer Tp., 1876 ; then a iumber-yard at Smith's Landing ; these gentlemen are the largest lumber merchants on the Kankakee River ; buy their lumber by the cargo at Chicago ; own one of the best steamers on the Kan- kakee River used in transferrins: lumber from Chicago to their lumber-yards at AVilmington, Jersey City, and Smith's Landing ; their prices in lumber are the cheapest in any part of the State. Mr. Small married Sept. 17, 1873, to Miss Addle Warner, of Illinois ; they have two children. MARTIN F. TILDEN, former ; P. 0. Wilmington ; this gentleman is one of the oldest settlers of what is now known as Custer Tp. ; was born in Orange County, Vt., February 6, 1811, and is the son of Diah and Irenah ( Flint) Tilden ; his father was a farmer ; here Mr. Tilden was brought up on his father's farm ; from Orange Co., he went to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; here he remained about nine years engaged in farming ; then West to Illinois and settled on the farm he now lives on. May, 1849; here with his brother Turner, and brother- in-law Jacob J. Palmer, settled on a half- section of land ; when Mr. Tilden first came here with his family, they moved into a log cabin and remained until he made improvements on his farm; the country was very wild at that timi', plenty of wild game ; with hard labor and good manage- ment Mr. Tilden owns to-day one of the finest improved farms of Custer Tp. , known as the " Evergreen Home," of 170 acres of land. Married Miss Sarah A. Kimball, of Vermont, by whom he has had seven children, two living ; Mr. Tilden's parents both are dead, his father Diah, died when he was near 84 years of age ; his mother, at 83 years of age ; both buried in the family grave-yard in Custer Tp. ROBERT TRAINER, farmer; P. 0. Wilmington ; the subject of this sketch was born in the Isle of Man, February, 1844, and is the son of William Trainer, who was born in the Isle of Man, 1798 ; was en- gaged in farming, and, in 1853, emi- grated to America, starting with his wife and five children, but on the way, at sea, his wife died, leaving him with his five children ; they landed in New York city ; then went direct to Illinois, and settled on the farm they now live on ; when Mr. , William Trainer first came here, he was worth about $1,000, invested in land; and, with the help of his four sons, they labored hard, and at his death he was one of the respected farmers of Will Co, leav- ing 301 acres of land. The sons are, James, William, Thomas and Robert, all born in the Isle of Man. A. G. TAYLOR, farmer ; P. 0. Wil- mington ; was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., and is the son of Hiram and Eliza (Weller) Taylor ; his father was born in Rutland, Vt., June 30, 1806, and, at an early da}', moved to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; here he remained until 1849, engaged in farming ; he then, with his wife and family, emigrated to Illinois, via railroad and lake to Chicago ; then canal to Joliet ; from Joliet they came by wagon to Reed Tp., Will Co., 111., and rented a farm on the east side of Horse Creek, and, in 1853, Mr. Taylor purchased the farm now owned by Mr. A. G. Taylor ; here he remained until his death, which occurred Feb. 21, 1877; he died respected and honored by his fellow-men, leaving a wifo whom he was married to Dec. 28, 1826, living together for over fifty years. Mr. A. G. Taylor holds office as Treasurer of Road Commissioners ; owns 160 acres of land. Married in 1868 to Miss Eliza Hicks, of New York ; four children. WILLIAM TRAINER, deceased ; the subject of this sketch was one of the first settlers of Reed Tp. (now Custer Tp.); was born in Scotland May 21, 1798; his father was a farmer; Mr. Trainer was a farmer, and followed this business principally throughout life ; when he was young, with his parents, emigrated to the Isle of Man ; here he remained en- gaged in farming ; he returned to Scot- land, remained there but a few years, then back to the Lsle of Man. He married in 1833, Margaret Moore, of the Isle of Man, born July 31 , 1807 ; in 1853, with his wife and five children, he started for America; PEOTONK TOWNSHIP. 877 •during the voyage, Mrs. TraincT was taken sick, and died at sea Oct. 15, 1853, on board the Wm. Tapscott ; Mr. Trainer and his five children landed in New York Nov. 12, 1853 ; left his family in Cleveland, and came West to find a location ; re- turned to Cleveland, brought his family and settled in Reed Tp. (now Custer Tp.); he purchased 120 acres of land, paying about $1,000 ; here he re- mained, except two years in Dwight, Livingston Co.; he died at the old ] homestead, June 25, 1878, re.spected and honored by his fellow-men, leaving four sons, all born at the Isle of Man. William, Dee. 30, 1834, married Miss Margaret Monty, of Canada — four chil- dren; James T., born Nov. 23, 1836, married Miss Catherine McDonald ; Thomas T., born July 18, 1841, married Elizabeth McDonald; Robert T., born ! Feb. 27, 1844. PEOTONE TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM ANGUS, merchant, Peo- tone ; general merchant, firm of Angus & Fell ; born in Durham Co., England, March 18, 1830, where he lived and engaged in farming until 23 years of age, when he emigrated to America, landing in New York April 21, 1853, coming directly West and to Chicago ; he was employed upon the Galena Division of the C. & N. VI. R. R. for a period of five years, first a.-< fireman, then as engineer ; after leaving the C. & N. W. R. R., he located in Lombard, Du Page Co., and engaged in farming for a period of eleven years, when he came to Peotone, and, Aug. 4, 1870, engaged in general merchandise, which business he has since followed. He married Jan. 1,1857, Saloma Wolf; she was born in France. DAVID J. BOARD, druggist and farmer, Peotone ; born in Passaic Co., N. J., April 28, 1820, living there until 11 years of age, when he attended the Crane Boarding School, at Caldwell, N. J., for four years; then to New York City ; employed in jobbing dry goods until the panic of 1837, when he retired to his studies at Bellville ; then to Morristown, where he finished his studies, prejiaratory to the study of law, which he commenced in 1840, with J. J. Scofield, at the above place, where he remained four years, being admitted to the bar in 1844, when he re- moved to Paterson, N. J., and commenced practice, which he followed until 1852, when, on account of ill health, he aban- doned his profession and made an overland trip to California, where he engaged as Treasurer of a mining company ; also run hotel, ferry, dairy and ranch ; selling out his interest, he returned to New Jersey in 1 854 ; remaining there a short time, he came to Jackson Co., 111., and contracted to supply the I. C. R. R. with supplies for building the road, which business he followed until the completion of the road in that section ; coming to Will Co. in 1857, he located in Will Tp., farming, and in 1858, he again contracted with the I. C. R. R. to supply ties and fuel at differ- ent points on the line of the road, which : he continued until 1861, in connection I with running stores at different points upon the line of the road; he then en- gaged for about two years in the manuflict- ure of staves, at Ashley, 111., which he fol- lowed until the tax being placed upon whisky, he sold his interest to the Ashley Woolen- Mill; removing his family to Monee, Will Co., he went to Huntsville, Ala., where he engaged in running the Huntsville House and speculating in Gov- ernment vouchers, cotton, etc., remaining until the following season, when, selling out his interest, he came North and at- tended his stock of upward of 700 head of cattle, which he had carried over the previous winter ; in 1865, he located upon his farm and gave his attention to farming and raising blooded stock, until 1877, a period of twelve years, when he purchased an interest in the drug business, which business he now follows, under the firm name of Board & Shuniway. He was married in November, 1844, to Miss Susan P. Lewis ; she was born in New Jersey ; they have five children by this union, viz , James L., Mary E., Ellswt.rth M., Will- iam and Nathaniel. 878 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; JAMES BAKNHART, Postmaster, dealer iu stationery and notions and mu- sical instniments, Peotone ; proprietor of Peotone Eagle ) born in Perry Co.,Penn., June 15, 1839 ; his parents dying when he was an infant, he went to live with an uncle, in Franklin Co., where he lived until 1855, when he came West and set- tled in Pike Co., 111., living here and work- ing on a farm four yvars ; then to Wood- hull, Henry Co., where he lived until 1861, when he enlisted in the 45th Illi- nois Regiment and served three years ; he was engaged in the battles of Fort Donel- son, Shiloh, siege of Corinth and other se- vere engagements ; was with Grant during the entire siege and capture of Vicksburg, the regiment being actively engaged from the lyth of May until the surrender of Vicksburg, July 4, meeting with heavy los.-, Mr. Barnhart being severely wounded by the blowing-up of Fort Hill, June 26, in the rear of Vicksburg. After being mustered out of service, he removed to Peotone, in 1866, where he engaged in farming for three years ; then, after sell- ing goods one year, was appointed Post- master of Peotone, which oflBce he has since held. J. H. BRAYTON, merchant, Peotone; dealer in clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps and gents' furnishing goods ; born in New York State, where he lived until 7 years of age, when he removed with his parents to Manteno, Kankakee Co., 111., living there until 21 years of age, when he removed to Joliet, Will Co., where he lived one year, when he came to Peotone and engaged in the above business, with Robert Wells, for six months, when he purchased the interest of his partner, en- larged the stock, and now keeps the only exclusive stock of the kind in Peotone. He married, Dec. 10, 187o, Ella Christian ; she was born Feb. 27, 1854, in Du Page Co., 111. N. S. BEEDY, hardware merchant, of the firm of Harsh & Beedy, Peotone ; born in Essex Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 1835 ; lived there until 10 years of age, then he went to Canada, where he remaioed five years, when, in 1850, he emigrated to Illi nois and located at Lockport, Will Co., living there one year ; he removed to Rock- ville, Kankakee Co., and, with his father, was amongst the pioneers and organizers of the town of Manteno in 1854; he lived here until 1865, engaged in farming, when he removed to Peotone Tp., and followed farming until 1874, when he sold his farm and went to Indiana, where he remained two and a half years, engaged in running the railroad eating-house in Michigan City; selling out the above business, he returned to Peotone and purchased the interest of C. M. Lewis in the above business, which he has since followed. He married Sept. 22, 1858, Phebe Goodspeed, oldest daugh- ter of Samuel Goodspeed ; she was born in Will Co., 111.; they are the parents of five children by this union — Orrel M., Hettie A., Abbie E., Daniel N. and Carl. FELIX W. CALKINS, farmer and stock-raiser. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Peotone ; born in Burlington, Louisa Co., Iowa, May 4, 1844, and removed with his parents when quite young, to Chicago, living there until 1854 ; then to Naperville, Du Page Co., until 1860 ; then to Lockport, Will Co., until July 29, 1862, when he enlisted, at the age of 17, in the 100th 111. Vol. In. for three years, and in less than one month was with his rey;iment doing active service at the front ; he was in many hard-fought battles, and at Stone River was captured, but escaped during the night, and reaching the Union lines agaia joined his regiment and was made prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863, and taken to Atlanta, Ga.; from there to Libby Prison, where he, with others was formed in line, then robbed of all money and valuables ; from there he was taken to Pemberton and Belle Island for several months ; then to Danville, Ga., where they were placed iu large tobacco warehouses and remained during the win- ter of 1863 and 1864; the winter was one of unusuiJ severity and the prisoners w6re without clothing and were allowed no fire during the entire winter ; during the winter the small-pox raged with fearful fa- tality, nearly every prisoner being down and receiving no care except such as le- ceived from their fellow-prisoners ; the fatal cases exceeded upward of 50 per cent of the entire sick-list ; in May, 1864, he was removed to Andersonville, where he remained until November following ; the cruelty inflicted here was in keeping with its well-known acts of barbarism ; from Andersonville he, with 15,000 others,. PROTON K TOWNSIIII' 879 was taken to Charleston, S. C.,and placed under the most expesed part of the fire of the Union gunboats during the buuibard- ment of the city ; from there they were taken to Florence Prison, S. C; remaining here until the 21st of February, 18G5, when they were placed in box cars with upward of eighty in each car, and such as survived the journey were paroled in Rich- mond Feb. 2S, 1SG5 ; Mr. Calkins was in rebel prisons nearly two years, and has his health much impaired and for a period of two years it was feared he would entiri'ly lose his eyesight ; he received his discharge for disability in St. Louis June 16, 1865, when he placed himself under medical treatment for one year for physical disabil- ity caused by cruel treatment while in rebel prisons. He located upon his pres- ent place in 1866 ; he owns 200 acres of well-improved land, valued at $10,000, which he has accumulated by strict integ- rity, hard labor and industry. He married Aug. 23, 1865, Rosaline Calkins ; she was born in Orleans Co., Vt., April 12, 1842 ; they have three children by this union — George W., JEoMa. M. and Ettie L. PETER CONRAD, manufacturer and shipper of butter and cheese, Peotone; born in Odenbach Rheinphalz, Bavaria, Grermany, May 29, 1825, where he lived until 32 years of age, when he learned and worked at the trade of shoemaking until he emigrated to America, where he arrived May 29, 1857, landing in New York ; coming di- rectly West, he located in Elmhurst, Du Page Co., living there two years and worked at his trade : from there he went to Pro- viso, Cook Co., where he lived seven years and followed shoemaking ; he then came to Greengarden Tp., Will Co., and settled upon a farm for one year, when he removed | to his present place in 18()6, and again fol- lowed shoemaking for a peiiod of five years, since which time he has been engaged ; in mercantile pursuits. He was married in Germany June 11, 1849, to Katharina Gross, who was born in the Earldom of ! Hesse-Homburg; they are the parents of ! seven children now living — Peter H., Kat- , arina, Dora, Maggie, Elizabeth, Bertha and Clara. Mr. Conrad has held the oflBce of Police Constable, and is now serving his ' third term as School Treasurer of Peotone Township. MICHAEL COLLINS, merchant and grain dealer, Peotone; born in County Clare, Ireland, Oct. 15, 1845 ; he emi- grated to America when 3 years of age, living two years in Vermont ; then six years in Canada, when he removed with his ])arents to Fajette Co., 111., where he lived until 18 years of age, when, learning telegraphy, he worked as operator at Gil- man awhile, then at Makanda as agent and operator for the I. C. R. R. one year, when, on account of ill health, he was transferred to Peotone, where he filled the different po- sitions of agent and opcTator of the I. C. R. R., and agent for the American Express Co. for a period of ten years when he resigned and engaged in the grain and hay trade; and now, in connection with F. Schroeder, is largely engaged in buying and shipping grain to Chicago and Eastern markets ; he is also engaged in general merchandise of the firm of Schroeder, Smith & Collins. He married Dee. 2, 1869, Carrie Folke, daughter of Dr. Henry Folke; she was born in Will Co., 111., May 22, 1852; they have, by this union, three children — Kittie, Grace and Paul. Mr. Collins has held the offices of School Di- rector and Justice of the Peace ; is now servinc his tliird term as Supervisor. JOHN CONRAD, hardware dealer and Police Magistrate, Peotone ; born in Oden- bach Rheinfels, Bavaria, Germany, April 15, 1830, where he worked at shoemaking until he emigrated to America ; he landed in Philadelphia July 19, 1850, going to New York, where he lived until 1854, when he came to Illinois and located at Elmhurst, Du Page Co., where he worked at his trade until April 15, 1865, when he run a saloon for nine months ; then opened a general country store, following this busi- ness until 1869, when he removed to Peo- tone and opened the New York House, which he run for eighteen months, then selling out, he opened a general store, which business he followed for two years, when, being elected Police Magistrate, he sold his store and devoted his whole time to the du- ties of his office and collections for a period of six years ; Mr. Conrad engaged in 1875 in partnership with his son-in-law, August Schugman, in the general hardware and stove business, which business has run quite successfully under the firm name of Conrad & Schugman, Mr. Conrad still re- 880 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; taining the oflBce of Police Magistrate and collection agent. He married July 19, 1855, to Caroline Schaubel ; she was born in Baden, Germany, Jan. 23, 1837 ; they have by this union nine children living — Charlotte M., Caroline K. ( now Mrs. A. Schugmau), John P., Frank H., Harry F., Freddie P., Hattie, Jennie and Charlie. JACOB DEWITZ, wagonmaker and dealer in pumps, Peotone ; born in Rendel, Dukedom of Hessen, Germany, Oct. 17, 1831, where he lived and followed the trade of wagonmaker until 1855, when he emi- grated to America, landing in New York June 27 of the same year, coming directly to Danby, Du Page Co., where he remained six months ; then to Grundy Co., where he engaged in farming until 1857. when he returned to Bloomiogdale, DuPage Co., for one year ; he then went to Kansas for a short time, returning to Bloomingdale, •where he lived four years, farming ; in October, 1863, he removed to Monee and engaged at his trade until March 15, 1865, when he removed to Peotone and engaged in the manufacture of wagons, which he has since followed. He married May 21, 1866, Mary M. OfFner ; she was born in Craiuthal, Kingdom of Wurtemberg, Dec. 10, 1841 ; they have by this union five children — Theodore H., Mary, August C., Otto and Ludwig C. Mr. Dewitz has held the office of Town Trustee, and is now serving the fifth year as School Director. JOHN ELLIOT, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Peotone ; born in Dumfriesshire, Scot- land, in August, 1822; lived there until 20 years of age ; he emigrated to America in 1842, landing in Kingston, C. W., where he engaged at his trade of stone- mason for six years, until 1848, when he located in county of Huron, C. W., and engaged in farming and also working at his trade until 1875, when he soUl out all his interest in lands and emigrated to Peotone, Will Co., 111., and located upon his present place, where he has since lived ; he owns 120 acres of well-improved lands, valued at $40 per acre, vvhicli ho has earned by his own hard labor. He married in Octo- ber, 1851, to Lsabella Habkirk, a native of Canada ; they have two children by this marriage — Janette and William. Mrs. Elliot died in 1858. He married for hia second wife Margaret Cowan ; she was born in Scotland ; they have four children by this union — Agnes, Isabella, John and Elizabetli. HENRY FEDDE, furniture, Peotone ; born in Holstein, Germany, Sept. 9, 1827, where he lived and worked at the trade of brickmason until he emigrated to Ameri ca, landing in New York May 27, 1854, coming directly to Joliet, W^ill Co., 111.; he worked at his trade for one year, then worked at the furniture business four years ; he moved to Momence, Kankakee, Co., where he started in the furniture business, which he followed for a period of eight years, when, in 1867, he settled in the fur- niture business at Peotone, Will Co., 111., which he has since followed ; he carries the only stock of furniture in Peotone. He married June 30, 1857, Miss Anna Hecht ; she was born in Holstein, Ger- many ; they are the parents of three chil- dren — John F., born Aug. 13, 1858; Henry, born May 5, 1860, died Aug. 15, 1861; Edward H., born Feb. 13, 1867. SAMUEL GOODSPEED, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Peotone ; born in Troy, N. Y., Feb. 21, 1812 ; he removed with his par- ents to Tioga Co., Penn., when 4 years of age ; here he lived until 22 years of age, working upon a farm in summer and attend- ing school in winter ; he emigrated West in 1835, and located upon Fox River near Oswego for one year ; then to Plainfield Will Co., where he lived eighteen years he located upon his present place in 1855 he owns 320 acres of well-improved land with good buildings, valued at S16,000 which he has accumulated by his own hard labor and industry. He married May 24, 1835, to Caroline B. Clark ; she was born in New York April 5, 1817. They had by this union six childi'en, viz., John, Phoebe, Eunice. Emily, George and Henry. Mrs. G. died Feb. 23, 1847; Mr. G.'s second wife was Sarah M. Messenger, mar- ried January, 1848 ; she was born in Ohio Aug. 8, 1825. They had six children by this union, viz., Francis, Caroline, Edward, William, Harriet and Samuel. Mrs. G. died July 25, 1869. He married for his third wife Mrs. Harriet Bryan Nov. 20, 1869 ; she was born in New York Aug. 13, 1820. Mr. Goodspeed has held the office of School Trustee for upward of fourteen years and Supervisor for four years. HENRY GATES, general merchandise, Peotone ; born in Essex Co., N. Y., July PEOTONE TOWNSHIP. 881 12, 1833 ; living there eight years, lie re- moved to Orleans Co., Vt., where ho lived and engaged in farming for a period of thirteen years; he emigrated to Illinois in 1 854, and settled in Huykes' Grove, and engaged in farming in the suninu-r and toaehing school and carpentering in the winter for six years, when, in 18(50, he went to Joliet and engaged in traveling, selling goods and collecting for six years ; he then removed to Peotone, and engaged in buying and shipping stock to Chicago, and butchering for the home market for one year ; then engaged in the painting business for two years, when he again re- sumed traveling, selling goods for two years ; in 1871, he engaged in the general merchandise trade, which business he still continues. He married Oct. 31, 1860, Miss Eunice Goodspeed, daughter of Sam- uel Goodspeed ; she was born in Will Co., 111., May 5, 18-40. They are the parents of three children, now living, viz., Flor- ence L., BVed A. and Richard. Mr. Gates has been Justice of the Peace for four years and Town Clerk for six years. C. H. GILKERSON, dealer in grain, lumber, lime, coal, cement, stone and drain tile, of the firm of Warden & Gilkerson, Peotone ; born in Caledonia Co., Vt., Sept. 20, 18-1:8 ; emigrating West with his par- ents in 1854, they settled in Cass Co., 111., then to Huykes' Grove, Will Co., where .they lived and followed farming for a peri- od of eleven years; in 1865, he removed to Peotone, and then, after attending the Monmouth Academy two years, he attend- ed Bryant & Stratton's Commercial Col- lege in Chicago ; then returning to Peo- tone, in 1871, he purchased his father's interest in the above business, which he has since followed. The firm of Warden & Gilkerson, of which he is a member, do a large business, buying and shipping grain to Chicago and Eastern markets ; they also supply all the lumber for l^eotone and the surrounding country. He married June 18, 1872, Julia Sultzbaugh, oldest daugh- ter of Phillip .Sultzbaugh ; she was born in Pennsylvania Dec. 3, 1854. They are the parents of three children, viz.. Pjda A., Susan M. and Phillip H. DAVID MORRISON, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Peotone; born in County Mon- aghan, Ireland, April 15, 1831, where he Jived until 20 years of age, attending school until 18 years of age, then engaged in farming two years, when he came to AuKM-ica, landing in New York May 12, 1851, where he lived four years, engaged in mercantile pursuits ; then to New Jer- sey, as attendant in the New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum for two years ; he emi- grated to Illinois in April, 1857, and lo- cated in Carroll Co., where he farmed in summer and taught school in winter for a peril id of six years ; he removed to Peo- tone Tp., Will Co., May, 1863 ; he owns 283 acres of well-improved land, valued at $40 per acre, which he has secured by his own hard labor and industry. He married March 30, 1857, Matilda Duncan ; she was born in Antrim Co.. Ireland, Feb. 6, 1835, and emigrated to this country in 1847. They have four children by this union, viz., William A., George A., David H. and Mary E. Mr. Morrison held the office of Assessor for three years in Carroll Co.; has held the following offices in Will Co., viz.: Justice of the Peace, which he now holds and has held for nine years ; School Director for nine years, and other offices at different times. He has taught school three terms while living in this township. ANDREW MELVILLE, physician and surgeon, Peotone ; born in Glasgow, Scotland, Jan. 2, 1840; when 5 years of age, he emigrated with his parents to Canada, where he lived until 17 years of age, engaged in his studies, when, in 1854, he commenced the study of medicine, which he pursued lor three years in Canada; in 1857, he went to New York and finished his studies; in March, 1862, he engaged with the Allan line of steamers as Emigrant Surgeon, running between Glasgow, Scotland, and New York, after which he went as Assistant Surgeon in the 79th Regt. of Highlanders from New York, remaining with the regiment eighteen months ; on account of ill health he then resigned, returning to Canada ; he graduated in June, 18()4; then pui'chased in Prescott, Can., the drug jobbing busi- ness of his old preceptor, which he run for three years ; then practiced medicine for three years in Traverse City, Mich., when he came to Peotone in 1870, where he has since followed his profession. He married June 13, 1866, Catherine Melville; they are the parents of three children — Fred- 882 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; erick W. W., Andrew H. and Anna Bella. DANIEL ROSS, farmer, Sec. 5; P. 0. Peotone ; born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, June 27, 1823, living there until 20 years of age, when he emigrated to England in 1843, and followed railroading and quarry- ing for nearly eight years in London, Liv- erpool and the Channel Islands. He emigrated to America in 1852, landing in New York Sept. 20, going to Quincy, Mass., where he remained a short time, then to Illinois, where he engaged in quar- rying and railroading at Joliet and other points until 185-4, when he located upon his present place, where he has since lived. He owns 120 acres of well-improved land, valued at $40 per acre. He married April 6, 1858, to Annie Anderson; she was born in West Point, Orange Co., N. Y., May 24, 1840; her father was one of the pioneers of Will Co., securing his farm of 240 acres directly from the United States Government ; they are the parents of six children, now living — Emma J., Charles A., David D., William G., Alex- ander and Luella J. Mr. Ross is now School Director in the district which he lives. JOHN I. RICE, hay dealer, Peotone; born in Rutland Co., Vt., Feb. 16, 1837, where he lived until 1844, when he re- moved with his parents to Wheatland, Will Co., 111., and worked upon a farm until 1862, when he was engaged with the army as Government Agent in the Quar- termaster's Department stationed at Pilot Knob, Mo., for one year, when he came North and contracted for the supply of hay to the Government, which business he followed for one year, shipping from Lock- port and three other points in Illinois to St. Louis ; in 1864, he again went South, and was Government Agent in the Quar- termaster's Department until the close of the war, when he came North, and again located at Lockport in the lumber business for two years, when he went to Chicago and in the provision business, which he fol- lowed for two years, when, being burned out, he came to Joliet, and was for several months Steward of the Illinois State Peni- tentiary ; in 1871, he came to Will Tp. and engaged in the raising, pressing, baling and shipping of hay to the Chicago and Eastern markets, which business he now follows at Peotone and Monee. He mar- ried in Lockpurt Dec. 17, 1868, to Fanny Goodwin ; she died October following. Married again June 11, 1873, Bella Milne, of Lockport ; they have by this union one child — Robert M., born Oct. 14, 1875. Mr. Rice was Supervisor of Will Tp. for 1877. ROBERT RAINS, hay dealer, Peo- tone; born in Duckinfield, Eng., June 21, 1831, living there until 1848, when he emigrated to America, landing in New York Jan. 14, 1848, going at once to New Jersey, where he engaged in boiler making until 1861, when he came West and settled in Peotone, Will Co., 111., and engaged in farming until 1869, when he engaged in the hay business, being in the employ of 0. LippJncott two years, thea with J. C. Willey two years ; he then entered into partnership with Michael Collins and purchased the above business, doing business under the firm name of Rains & Collins four years, when Mr. Sultzbaugh purchased the interest of Mr. Collins, and the firm changed to Rains & Sultzbaugh, under which style they still continue ; they do an extensive business, buying, pressing, baling and shipping hay to Chicago and the Eastern markets. He married in New Jersey Sarah A. Foulston; she was born in England in 1829 ; they have three children by this union — Martha F., Ellen and Elizabeth. Mr. R. has held the ofl&ce of Town Trustee for two years. LUIS SCHMID, proprietor Peotone Hotel, Peotone; born in Sigmaringen, Hohenzollern, Prussia, Aug. 12, 1842,. where he lived until 22 years of age en gaged at milling ; he emigrated to America in 1864, landing in >iew York May 3, being forty-seven days on the voyage ; here he remained one year, being employed in a hotel and restaurant ; coming to Chicago, he worked in a tannery one year, then locating in Peotone in 1866, where he woiked at the carpenter trade for seven years, then, for two years, was engaged in mercantile pursuits ; at the expiration of which time, he exchanged his residence for the Peotone Hotel, located just east of the depot, which he has since successfully run as a hotel for a period of three years. He married Nov. 20, 1869, to Miss Katharina Conrad, oldest daughter of Peter Conrad ; she was born in Odenbach Rheinpf'els PEOTONE TOWNSHIP. 883 Bavaria, Germany, Nov. 13, 1851; they are the parents of three children, viz., Julia C. D., Luida M. C. and Katharina A. D. HUGH SMITH, merchant, Peotone ; ' general merchant, of the firm of Schroeder, Smirh & Collins ; born in Johnstone, Scot- land, Aug. 28, 183i>, living there until 15 years of age; he emigrated with his parents | to America in 1855 ; removing to Vermont, he lived seven years and followed farming; then to Saxonville, Mass., a short time, | where he enlisted in August, 1862, in the 3od Mass. V. I., remaining with his regi- ment until the close of the war ; he was in many severe battles, among them Chancel- lorsville and Gettysburg in the East ; liook- out Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca and Dallas with the Western army, under Hooker ; at the battle of Dallas, being severely wounded, he was granted a fur- lough, and, when sufficiently recovered, he again joined his regiment, and was with Sherman's army on its march to the sea, and until the close of the war, when, being mustered out of service, he came West and located upon a farm in Will Co., 111., for six years; then to Massachusetts one year ; then returning to Peotone. he engaged in the mercantile business, which he has since followed. He married June, 1866, Amelia Gilkerson ; she was born in Vermont; they are the parents of three children now living, viz., Elmer T., Jessie A. and Amelia B. EDGAR B. SHUM WA Y, physician and surgeon, Peotone; born in Windham Co., Vt., June 27, 1851, removing with his parents to Londonderry, Vt., when quite young; where he lived until 15 years of age, when he attended the Black River Academy at Ludlow, Vt., for five years; from there to the Chamberlin Institute and Female College, at Randolph, N. Y.; from there he came to Will Co., 111., and taught school one term ; then going to Chicago, he attended at Rush Medical College for three yeai's, when he was interne one year at Cook Co. Hospital. He graduated at Rush Medical College in January, 1874 ; soon after he located in Peotone, Will Co., fol- lowing his profession since that date with perfect success. He married May 25, 1875, Maggie A. Kearney ; she was born in Racine, Wis. ; they are the parents of one child livmg, VIZ. Edith May. F. SCHROEDER, dealer in general merchandise, Peotone ; born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 24, 1S34, where he lived and followed blacksmithing until the age of 21, when he emigrated to America, landing in New York ' May D, 1856; then coming directly West, he located in Elm- hurst, Du Page Co., III., where he worked at his trade one year, when he removed to Monee, Will Co., and run a blacksmith- shop of his own for a period of eight years ; then selling out, he lived upon his farm five months, whcm he removed to Peotone. and purchased a blacksmith-shop, but sold out soon after on account of ill health ; he then engaged in general mer- chandise with F. Ratlije, which business he still continues under the firm name of Schroeder, Smith & Collins ; he is also, with Mr. Collins, largely engaged in buying and shipping grain, owning what is known as the Collins & Schroeder Elevator. He mar- ried Aug. 30, 1857, Elizabeth Conrad ; she was born in Odenbach, Bavaria, Ger- many ; they are the parents of seven chil- dren living, viz., Fredrick, Henry, Will- iam, August, Carrie, Ida and Elizabeth. Mr. Schroeder now holds the office of Town Trustee, and is serving his second term as School Director. PHILIP SULTZBAUGH, hay dealer, firm of Rains & Sultzbaugh, Peotone; born in York Co., Penn., June 9, 1831, I where he lived until 1*8 years of age, at- tending school in winter and farming in summer, when he went to Perry Co., , Penn., and was engaged in driving a six- horse team for four years ; then burning lime for two years ; in 1857, he emigrated to Will Co., 111., and engaged in farming for a period of fifteen years, during which time he also was engaged in the hardware trade for three years; in 1872, he en- gaged in general merchandise, under the style of Schroeder, Conrad & Sultzbaugh, which business he followed four years; j then selling out, he engaged in buying, baling and shipping hay and straw to Chicago, and all the Eastern markets. He : married Nov. 15, 1853, to Susan Burrill ; she was born in Perry Co., Penn., March 5, 1831 ; they are the parents of three children now living, viz., Julia K., born ' in Pennsylvania Dec. 3. 1854; Sadie E., born March 26, 1860, in Will Co., 111.; ' Alice J., born May 1, 1864, and three de- 884 BIOGRArHICAL SKETCHES: ceased. Mr. S. has held office of School Director for six years, Road Commissioner and School Trustee, three years each, and is now serving his fifth year as Trustee of the town corporation. WILLIAM YUNG, photographer, Peotone ; born in Wasungen, Saxe- Meiningen, Germany, Oct. 26, 1854, where he lived until 1871, when he emi- grated to America, landing in New York June 1, 1871, coming directly West; he located in Milwaukee, Wis., where he lived one year, working at his trade as mason ; then to Chicago two years, where he worked at his trade until 1874, when he came to Peotone, Will Co., and en- gaged at his trade, which he has since fol- lowed ; in 1876, he purchased his present residence, and, 1877, he purchased a pho- tograph gallery, which he has since run, and also continued the business of mason- ry. He married Dec. 1, 1876, Miss Mag- gie Conrad, daughter of Peter Conrad ; she was born in Cook Co., 111., Sept. 10, 1857 ; they have one child by this union — August Louis, born Dec. 10, 1877. TROY TOWNSHIP. JOHN BALTZ, farmer, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Minooka ; was born in Attandorff, Al- sace, France (now Germany), Dec. 28, 1820. He married Miss Thresa Doosz- mann Dec. 31, 1855; she was born in Morschwaeller, Alsace, France, Dec. 8, 1830; they had nine children, seven living — John, Joseph, Lena May, Louisa, Caro- line, Thresa and Lawrence. He lived in France thirty-five years ; was engaged in farm labor, and was seven years in the French army, serving in Africa ; he then came to the United States and settled in Buffalo, where he lived about eighteen months ; he then came to Joliet; this was in 1855, and, in 1864, he came to his pres- ent place, and has lived here since ; he came here in poor circumstances ; he now owns 140 acres in this township, which he has earned by his own labor. PETER A. BRONK, farming. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Albany Co., N. Y., July 18, 1836. He married Miss Harriet Storrs Oct. 8, 1858 ; she was born in Clinton Co., N. Y., Sept. 21, 1839; they had eight children, six living — Eugene J., Ephron, Edward C, Rossie, Prentice S. and Emmit. He lived in New York about eighteen months ; he then moved to Illi- nois with his parents, who settled in Ken- dall Co., where he lived until 1865 ; he then moved to Manhattan Tp., Will Co., and engaged in farming, remaining there twelve years ; in the spring of 1878, he came to his present place ; he started in poor circumstances, and now owns 240 acres in this township, which he has earned by his own labor and management. His parents, Ephron Bronk and Mrs. Charlotte Van Dolfston- Bronk, were natives of New York ; they settled in Kendall Co. in 1838, and died Sept. 22, 1865 and Sept. 22, 1869, respectively. THOMAS CRAUGHWILL, farming; P. 0. Joliet ; born in Galway Co., Ireland, in 1828; he was raised on a farm until he was 20 years old; in 1848, he came to America and landed in Boston ; he then went to Watertown and worked on a farm ; in 1850, he went to Lockport, and re- mained there a short time; the same fall, he went to Plainfield ; in 1853, he moved to Joliet and bought a farm, where he has resided up to the present time ; he was the son of John and Mary Craughwill, both natives of Ireland. Was married Oct. 3, 1850, to Mary Lane, by whom he has seven children. Democrat, and Catholic. He served as School Director a number of years, and, in 1874, was elected School Trustee. He came to America with only a few pennies, and went bravely to work, and by good management he has succeeded in accumulating a fjrtune, and to-day he owns a beautiful and well-improved farm of 600 acres. WILLIAM CAMPBELL, farming, Sec. 13; P. 0. Joliet; the above gentle- man was born in County Down, Ireland, June 5, 1825. He married Miss Cath- eron A. McMurray Jan. 28, 1862; she was born in the same place July 3, 1841 ; they have six children — James, William TROY TOWNSHir. 885 R., Maggie R. F., Alfred, Martha and Louisa. He lived in Ireland until aliout 185U, when lie went lu Australia and en- gaged in mining gold, meeting with fair success ; he remained four years, and then returned to Ireland and followed iarmiug until ISTii, when he eauie to the United States, and, in April, 1877, he came to his jiresent place. WILLIAM A. DIX, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Minooka ; the subject of this sketch was born in Windham Co., Yt., Jan. 17, 1828. He married Miss S. R. Richard- son Jan. 27, 1859 ; she was born in Con- cord, Vt., April 6, 1831 ; they have four children, viz.; Lucy E., born June 12, 1859; Hattie E., born Jan. 31, 1861; Emma M., born Nov. 25, 18G2,and Will- iam C, born April 13, 1868. He lived nearly eleven years in Vermont, when, with his parents, he moved to Rureau Co., 111.; this was in 1838; they came the entire distance in a wagon ; they engaged in farming, and remained there until 1861, when he came to his present place ; he came here in fair circumstances ; he owns over 200 acres, mostly in this town- ship, which he has earned principally by his own labor ; his parents, Moses Dix and Mrs. Lucy (Stearns) Dix, uro living in Mendota, 111. ; his wife's parents, Ste- phen Richardson and Mrs. P]repta( Wilder j Richardson, are living in Bureau Co., 111., where they settled in 1839. WILLIAM FOR AN, farmer. Sec. 19; V. O. Minooka ; this gentleman was born in Kildare Co., Ireland, May 1, 1842. He married Miss Elizabeth C. Hayes Jan. 27, 1869 ; she was born in Will Co., 111., May 26, 1844; they have six children, viz., Mary J., James, Mar- garet, Annie L., Allice E. and Fannie C. He lived in Ireland six years, when he came to the United States with his parents, who lived one year in New^ York City, and then moved to Kendall Co., 111., and en- gaged in farming, where he lived until the spring of 1874, when he came to his present place ; he started in poor circum- stances ; he now owns eighty acres here, well improved, and seventy acres in Ken- dall Co., which he has earned by his own | labor and management. | JOAB GASKILL, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Minooka ; is a native of New Jer- sey ; he was born July 6, 1805, and mar- ried Miss Emily Green in August, 1829 ; she was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in the year 1810, and died in February, 1855; they had six children, viz., W. G., F. J., L. H., J. J., Anna M. and Miletus B. ; the latter enlisted in the I04th Ohio Y. I. ; was in service about nine months, and died from sickness at Covington, Ky. Mr. Gaskill came to this county in 1869. and settled on his present place. In 1871, Mr. L. H. Gaskill moved here and took charge of the farm ; he was born in Colum- biana Co., Ohio, March 4, 1834. He married Miss Cornelia Whittlesey Jan. 5, 1871 ; she was born in Clyde, Wayne Co., N. Y., Feb. 18, 1851 ; they have three children, viz., Emily A., Clara W. and Anna A. He lived in Ohio until he was 21, when he came to Illinois, and settled in Kendall Co. and engaged in farming. In 1862, he enlisted in the 127th I. V. I. as Orderly Sergeant; was in service until the close of the war, and took part in the battles of Yicksburg, Mission Ridge, the Atlanta campaign, etc. JAMES MURPHY, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the above gentleman is a native of Roscommon Co., Ireland ; he was born July 25, 1834, and married Miss Mary Ann Rourke Aug. 13, 1859 ; she is a native of the same place, and was born Aug. 15, 1841 ; they had ten chil- dren, seven livimr, viz., Mary E., William J., Patrick A.,'Thomas F., Thresa A., John A. and Mary H. He lived in Ire- land until 1850, when he came to the United States with his parents, Patrick Murphy and Mrs. Catheron (Haley) Murphy, who settled in this township, where they engaged in farming ; his father died in Joliet Nov. 15, 1877, and his mother died in this township in August, 1867 ; he started in poor circumstances, and now owns 160 acres in this township. He has lu'ld the oflBces of Collector two years and Assessor some seven or eight years ; also. School Treasurer. FRANCIS B. MURPHY, llirming, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Joliet ; the subject of this sketch was born in Roscommon Co., Ire- land, April 10, 1833. He married Miss xMary E. Brock Nov 14, 1864; she was born in Chicago, 111., Feb. 13, 1845 ; they have six children, viz., l*atrick, Catheron A., Mary, Francis B., Thomas W. and Margaret E. He lived in Ireland until me BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1850, when, with liis parents, he came to the United States and settled in this town- ship, where he lived until 1855, when he went to California, remaining there three years, engaged in mining ; he then went to British Columbia, and returned the same year to California and remained there until December, 1867, when he returned to Will Co., 111., spending a few months in Troy Tp.; he then went to Reed Tp. and engaged in farming ; remained three years, when he returned to Troy Tp., and has lived here since •, he settled on his present place in 1875; he has held the offices of School Director, Collector and Town Clerk ; he started in poor circumstances and now owns eighty acres which he has earned by his own labor. D. J. RAVER, mason and farmer ; P. 0. Minooka ; the subject c)f this sketch was born in Berks Co., Penn., Sept. 16, 1818. He married Miss Wilmina Wiles Nov. 15, 1842 ; she was born in Frederick Co., Md., in 1819 ; they have three chil- dren, viz., Lucetta L., Martha S. and James D. He lived in Pennsylvania about twenty years, when he moved to Ohio and remained there until 1861 ; he then came to his present place, and has lived here since ; he started in very poor circum- stances and now owns fifty-four acres of land in this township, well improved, which he has earned by his own labor. MICHAEL STEPHEN, farming. Sec. 19; P. 0. Joliet; was born in Alsace, France (now Germany), May 22, 1835, He married Miss Mary M. Blattner Jan. 15, 1857; she was born same place in 1836 ; they had seven children, six living, viz., Mary J., John A., Mary A., Frank M., George S. and Annie M. He lived in Alsace about ten years when his parents came to the United States, and, in 1846, they came to Will Co. and settled in Joliet, and engaged in farming ; in 1857, he came to his present place ; he has been School Director and Road Commissioner; he started in poor circumstances and now owns 14:0 acres here and 240 in Kendall Co., which he has earned by his own labor. His parents, John Stephen and Mrs, Otillia (^Hout) Stephen, are living in Joliet. D. C. SEARLES, farmer and stock. Sec. 16; P. 0. Joliet; the subject of this sketch was born in Summit, Ohio, Jan. 30, 1830. He married Miss Hattie Walker Oct. 21, 1866 ; she was born in Plainfiold Tp., Will Co., 111., July 8, 1836 ; they had four children, three living, viz., Maud L., born Oct. 8, 1867; Lynn W^, born June 8, 1369, and Edna, Jan. 14, 1874. He lived in Ohio twenty-one years, when he came to Illinois and settled in Plainfield Tp., where he engaged in farming ; re- maining until spring of 1856, when ho came to his present place ; he has been Justice of the Peace eight years, and is now serving in his fourth term of Super- visor ; he started in poor circumstances and now owns 700 acres in this township, which he has earned by his own labor. His parents, Amos Searles and Mrs. Hannah (Hulbert) Searles, came to Will Co. in the fall of 1851 and settled near Plainfield ; they died April 5, 1871, and Feb. 9, 1866, respectively. His wife's parents, James Walker and Mrs. Jane G. (Walker) Walker, were natives of North Carolina and Tennessee ; Mrs. Walker came to Illinois in 1806, and passed through present Will Co. in 1820 and built a house where Plainfield now stands in 1829 ; Mr. Walker died in Plainfield Aug. 27, 1850 ; Mrs. Walker died in Novem- ber, 1859, in Iowa, while on a visit. Her grandfather was a missionary among the Indians, and preached the first Protestant sermon in Chicago, also in St. Louis ; he was of the Methodist denomination. WILLIAM P. THOMSON,farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Joliet. The subject of this sketch was born in West Turin, Lewis Co., N. Y., April 22, 1843. He married Miss Helen A. Hadcock Dec. 25, 1867 ; she is a native of Watertown, N. Y., and was born Dec. 25, 1846 ; they have three children — Mary L., Earl W. and Sarah G. He lived in New York until 1872, except two years spent in California and Oregon, where he was engaged as civil ensjineer for the city of Portland; in 1872, became to Illinois, and, in 1873, he settled on his present place ; the only offices he has held have been connected with the school and road ; he owns 240 acres in this township ; in November, 1878, he was elected on the National ticket. Representative from the Fifteenth District. MARSHALL TRUBY, grain, lumber and stock ; P. 0. Bird's Bridge ; is a native of Armstrong Co., Penn.; he was born Nov. #. '^.^^^^ CRETE TOWNSHIP. 889 18, 1S19, and married Miss Mariah Mc- Crackin Jan. 12, 1845 ; she is a native of Somerset Co., Penn.; tliey had ten children, four living — Mary A., Henry T., Libbie A. and Lillie M. He lived in Pennsylva- nia until IS;")!, being engaged in boating; he tlien came West to Illinoift and settled in La Salle Co., where he remained one year ; he then moved to Jolict Tp. and en- gaged in farming, continuing ten years, when he moved into the city and engaged in the lumber business, remaining until 1870, when he came to his present place ; in 1871, he was appointed Postmaster at this office. CRETE TOWNSHIP. GEORGE W. AHRENS, cabinet-mak- er ; P. 0. Crete ; was born in Hessen, Ger- many, Feb. 22, 1836, and is the son of William Ahrens, of Germany, who was a shoemaker by trade. Mr. Ahrens com- menced to learn the cabinet-making trade when a young man, in Germany, and served an apprenticeship of four' years; after learning his trade, he was engaged in working in different parts of Germany, and, in 1858, with his brother John, emi- grated to America ; landed in New York City ; came direct to Chicago ; here he started, in a small way, in making chairs ; this he followed about one year, then he commenced to have all the custom work he could do, and made a specialty of fine inlaid work, in whicli he ranks among the first in Amevica, having had some of his work at the Centennial Exposition of 1876, and received a medal and a certificate of award for original- ity in design of an extension table hav- ing a compartment within it for storing the leaves (which was patented, March 9, 1875, by George W. Ahrens) ; also, for very superior quality of inlaid work. Mr. Ahrnes has now one of his fine tables at his store in Crete, which took the first pre- mium at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and, without doubt, is pronounced as one of the finest pieces of work in America. Mr. Ahrens, in 1865, started in the wholesale business, as Ahrnes & Madden, 151 Randolph St., Chicago, do- ing a very extensive business, but on account of health he sold out, and, in 1867, moved to Crete, Will Co.; here he has been engaged in the furniture business ever since ; Mr. Ahrens is also engaged in the undertaking line ; has on of the finest hearses in Will Co., manufactured by him- self. P. H. ADAMS, farmer ; P. 0. Crete ; is one of the old settlers of Will Co.; was born in Rutland, Mass., Dec. 17. 1804, and is the son of Rubin Adams, of Mas- sachusetts, a blacksmith by trade ; when he was very young, with his parents, moved to Massachusetts, thence to New Hampshire, from there to Vermont. Mr. Adams, when he was about 23 years of age, learned the carriage-making trade. While he was in Vermont, he married ]\Iary Clark, of Massachusetts; in 1845, with family, came to Illinois and settled on the present homestead ; here he has lived ever since ; he first settled on forty acres of Government land ; his wife died soon after he settled here ; he was married to Mary Canfield, of Massachusetts ; sixteen children, ten by first wife and six by sec- ond ; son Harrison was in the late war ; enlisted in the 8th 111. Cav ; participated in some of the prominent battles ; was honor- ably discharged at the close of the war. C. H. ERASE, Principal of the Ger- man School, Crete. The subject of this sketch is a self-made man ; was born in Hanover, Germany, Sept. 14, 1834, and is the son of Henrj' Erase, a tailor by trade. Mr. Erase attended the schools of Germany, and received a high-school edu- cation ; he taught school in Germany in the winters of 1849 and 1850, this being his first experience in the teachinsj of school. In 1851, he emigrated to Amer- ica, and his first school was taught in Mor- gan Co., Mo.; here he remained until 1865, then to La Fayette Co., Mo., en- gaged in teaching until 1873; lie then came to Crete ; here he lias been engaged in teaching ever since ; the Crete school is very popular and well patronized, and re- flects great credit upon Mr. Erase in l^is excellent manner of teaching. 16 890 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: GUSTAVUS BRAUNS, merchant, Crete; is one of the best-known and high- ly respected business men of Crete ; was born in Hanover, Germany, Sept. 24, 1832, and is the son of John A. F. and Henri- etta (Bartels) Brauns, of Germany ; father was a minister of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Brauns commenced his first experience in business Ufe as a clerk in a dry goods store ; here he served i^s an apprentice for five years ; then in a wholesale notion house, specialty of silk ribbons ; here he remained until 1855 ; he then started for America, landed in New York City Aug. 1, 1855 ; here he first found employment as agent ibr artists' outfits ; then in a very large house-fitting establishment, and remained thereuntil 1856 ; he then started West for Illinois ; arrived in Chicago ; here he re- mained about four months out of employ- ment ; he formed the acquaintance of a minister located in Crete, who advised him to go to Crete ; he arrived in Crete in 1856, and accepted a clerkship with Charles A. Miller in a general store at $10 per month and board ; here was his first start, and from then up to the present date he has been very successful in business ; he first entered business in Crete with his brother Leopold, known as L. & G. Brauns ; these gentlemen also owned a branch house in Chicago, and did a very large business, but the panic of 1857 drove them to an assignment in 1858, but they, with hard work and good management, paid every dollar of their indebtedness ; to-day Mr. Brauns owns one of the largest stores of dry goods, drugs and groceries to be found in Crete ; also is owner of a large hay-press ; has handled in two years 4,500 tons of hay ; Postmaster ; was appointed in 1860. A Republican in politics. Married Miss Sophia Deersen, of Germany ; five children — four boys and one girl. MOSES H. COOK, retired farmer ; P. 0. Crete ; the subject of this sketch, whose portrait appears in this work, is one of the old settlers; was born in Lenox, Oneida Co., N. Y., Aug. 25, 1801, and is the son of Moses Harper and Polly (Pyson) Cook. Mr. Cook was the oldest child of nine children ; was raised on his father's farm ; in 1834, he started West and stopped in Ohio. Here he married Hannah C. Pixley, who was born in Stockbridge, Mass., March 30, 1817, and is the daughter of Phineas and Hannah (Curtis) Pixley,. of Massachu- setts ; her father was a blacksmith by trade, and was a soldier of the war ol 1812 ; he is now living in Lake Co., Ohio, at 89 years of age, being one of the oldest set- tlers of that county. Her mother died when Mrs. Cook was but a few days old. In 1838, with wife and one child, Mr. Cook moved to Illinois, and settled 'in Will Co.; here he first purchased forty acres of land at $1.25, and farmed until 1865 ; he then moved to Crete ; here he has retired from farming. Two sons in the late war, Myron H. and Joseph W., enlisted in the 8th 111. Cav. ; Myron H. was taken sick at Hope Landing, Va., and died March 20, 1863; Joseph W. participated in some of the prominent battles, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. SAMUEL CUSHING, Crete; was born in Salisbury, N. H., Jan. 23, 1799, and is the son of Theodore and Abigail ( Jackman) Gushing ; his mother was a native of New Hampshire ; father of Mas- sachusetts ; was a mechanic and farmer ; when Mr. Cushing was about 7 years old, he, with his parents, moved to Vermont ; here he was brought up on his father's farm ; at the age of 22, he commenced to learn his trade with his father as chairmak- er; he went to Monroe Co., N. Y.; here he was engaged at his trade, chair making Married twice ; his first wife was Miss Re- becca Lee, who died ; he then married Miss Elizabeth Stone ; she was born in Massachusetts March 28, 1804, and is the daughter of Elias Stone, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war ; in 1838, with wife and two children, started West for Illinois in a two-horse wagon ; came via Buffalo, N. Y.; here they took steamer to Detroit, Mich.; thence by wagon and team to Illinois, taking them some five weeks to make the trip ; never traveled on Sundays, and always managed to stop over Sundays at points where there was a place of worship, that they might attend church and Sunday school ; they first settled in Du Page Co.; here but a short time, then to WillCo., and settled in Crete Tp.; here he has remained ever since, engaged in farming and chairmaking until about eleven years ago he retired. Mr. and Mrs. Cushing are members of the first Congre- gational Church of Crete ; this Church they took a very prominent part in help- CRETE TOWNSmr. 891 in}^ to organize ; the two cliildren wlio caiue West with them were Henry T., who died July 14, 1878, and Charles S.,now living at Hyde Park, 111. Married twice ; first wife, Sarah Foster, deceased ; second wife, Mrs. Marcia Bruce. CHAKLES E. CARTER, editor and proprietor of the Crete Enterprise, Crete ; was born in Waukesha Co., Wis., April 9, 1856, and is the son of Hyraiu and Amanda (Annis) Carter; father, from New York; Mr. Carter commenced to learn type-setting in Omro, Wis., in the Omro Jourual office ; here he remained about three years, then to Oshkosh, Wis., in the Independent office; then to W^ausau, Wis., in the Wisconsin Central and Wisconsi7i River Pilot offices ; was also engaged on the State Journal, of Madison, Wis.; this will show that Mr. Carter has had a large experience in the newspaper world, and any one who has perused the columns of the Crete Enterprise can see that Mr. Carter is thoroughly master of the pen ; the first issue of the Crete Enterprise was Dec. 25, 1875, with a subscription-list of about one hundred and fifty ; to-day it has 800 sub- scribers, and ranks among the leading pa- pers of Will Co.; Independent in politics; to all who may want anything in the job- printing line, call in at the Crete Enter- prise office. R. G. COSSAART, farmer; P. 0. Crete ; was boim in New York, Sept. 29, 1824, and is the son of David and Ellenor (Griggs) Cossaart ; father a native of New York; soldierof thewarof 1812; mother from New Jersey ; in 1850, moved to Oneida Co., N. Y.; here he was engaged in the manufacture of scythes, pitchforks and farming implements ; in 1854, he came West to Illinois, and was engaged in working in different parts of Will Co. at the carpenter and joiner trade ; in 1864, he moved on the present homestead ; here he has remained ever since, engaged in farming. Married twice ; first wife, C. Talmage, of New Jersey ; second wife, Sarah McClain ; have two children. Mr. Cossaart owns a fine, improved farm of 228 JOHN DODGE, farmer ; P. 0. Crete; was born in Crete Tp., Will Co., 111., Aug. 11, 1840, and is the son of Enoch and Susan (Adams) Dodge, who were among the early settlers of Crete Tp., Will Co., 111. ; Enoch Dodge, a farmer, was born in Beverly, N. H., Dec. 8, 1795; with his parents, moved to Vermont ; here he mar- ried in Eden, Vt., Nov. 26, 1818, Miss Susan Adams, born in Rutland, Mass., in 1803; in 1838, they emigrated West in a two-horse wagon ; started Oct. 4, and arrived in Will Co., 111., Nov. 26, 1838 ; they first lived in a log cabin on the Hewes farm; Mr. Dodge purchased 160 acres ot Government laud (the old homestead;; here he made improvements, and moved his family on the farm, and engaged m farming throughout life ; he died on the old home- stead March 4, 1873, respected and hon- ored by his fellow-men, leaving a wife and nine children to mourn his loss. Mr. John Dodge is engaged in farming on the old homestead. He married Martha Wilder, daughter of Almon Wilder, one of the old settlers of Will Co. Mr. Dodge enlisted in the late war, in the 9th Minn., Co. F, as Sergeant ; mustered out at close of the war. Enoch enlisted in the 100th I. V. I. ; participated in some of the prominent battles ; mustered out at close of the war ; now farming in Kansas. ABRAM DARLING, retired; P. 0. Goodenow ; this gentleman is one of the suc- cessful men of Crete Tp., who was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Jan. 19, 1817, and is the son of Reuben and Sophia f Goodenow) Darling ; his father was a native of New York, engaged in farming ; Mr. Darling was brought up on his father's farm. He married Miss Elizabeth Irwin, of New York, and, in 1853, with wife and four children, emigrated West to Illinois, and settled in Crete Tp., Will Co., east ot Goodenow; here he first purchased 120 acres of land and set out in farming, and , farmed until about 1872 ; he then moved to Goodenow ; here he has remained '^ver since. Mr. Darling has held the < ffice of Road Commissioner for the last fifteen j years. One son, in the late war, Abram ' R., enlisted in the lOOth I. V. I. ; was wounded at the battle ot Resaca, then transferred for duty at Indianapolis, Ind. ; hero he served until the close of the war ; now living at Enterprise, Kan., engaged in I the livery business. I GEORGE W. GOODENOW, grocer; P. 0. Goodenow; the subject of this sketch , is one of the best known men of Crete Tp. ; was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 892 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: K April 1, 1824, and is the son of Franklin and Betsy (Smith) Goodenow, of New York; his father was a farmer; in 1835, with his parents, emigrated ^yest to Indi- ana, and settled in La Grange Co. ; here they remained until 1838; they then moved to Illinois and settled in Thorn Grove on IGO acres of Government land, $1.25 per acre ; here they commenced farming in a small way, being very poor ; Mr. Goodenow has been very successful since he came to Illinois ; had accumulated at one time 1,840 acres of land ; laid out the present village of Goodenow ; in 1870, here, with his son Frank, started a store ; also in the hay-press business, which busi- ness they have been engaged in ever since ; Mr. Goodenow's father died in 1870 at 70 years of age. Married twice ; first wife, Annie Batchelor, of Bennington Co., Vt., died in 1859 ; married second wife, Mary Wiggins, of Cortland Co., N. Y. ; eight children, six living. FRA^IK J. GOODENOW, station agent and Postmaster, Goodenow; the sub- ject of this sketch was born in Crete Tp., Will Co., 111., June 15, 1848, and is the son of George W. Goodenow, of New York, who is one of the old settlers of Illinois, having made his home here in 1838. Mr. Frank J. was appointed Postmaster and Station Agent in 1870 ; these offices he still fills ; is in partnership with his father in the grocery business ; they also are engaged very largely in the hay-press business ; have handled as high as 1,000 tons of hay in one year. Married in 1875 Miss Alice Hunt, of Sheronville, Hamilton Co., Ohio, by whom he has one child. DANIEL E. HE WES, merchant, Crete ; the subject of this sketch was born in Chittenden Co., Vt., March 22, 1830, and is the son of Luman and Lucy (El well) Hewes ; his father was a farmer, and, in 1835, with wife and family, emigrated West via Detroit, Mich. ; from thence they came by wagon to Illinois and settled in Cook Co., west of what is now known as Blue Island ; here they re- mained until 1837, then came to Will Co., 111., and settled in Crete Tp. Mr. Luman Hewes first purchased eighty acres of land and set out in farming, and remained on the farm until his death. Daniel E. Hewes was brought up on his father's farm, and engaged in farming from the time he was able to handle the plow, and, in the winter months, attended the district schools of the period ; here he received a common school education ; he taught school one winter in Troy Tp.; in 1853, with his brother, B. P. Hewes, entered the mercantile business in the village of Crete; this business they have followed ever since; to-day they are the oldest as well as the most successful merchants of Crete. Mr. Hewes has held several offices of public tru?t in Crete Tp. — Justice of the Peace and Town Clerk. In 1874 and 1878, he received the nomination for Senator from the Democratic party, but Mr. Hewes being a Democrat and Will Co. strong Republican, he was defeated. Married Miss Fedelia L. Wood, daughter of Wil- lard Wood, one of the old settlers of Will Co.; have three children. Mr. Hewes' grandfather, William Hewes, participated in the Revolutionary war. B. F. HEWES, merchant, Crete; the above-named gentleman is one of the oldest settlers of Crete Tp. ; was born in Chitten- den Co., Vt., in 1828, and is the son of Luman and Lucy ( Elwell) Hewes, who emigrated West to Illinois and settled in Cook Co. in 1835, and, in 1837, moved to Will Co. and settled in Crete Tp. Mr. B. F. Hewes was brought up on his father's farm, and farmed it until 1850 ; he then went to California; here he was engaged in mining for gold, and was very successful; returned home and purchased land ; in 1853, he with his brother Daniel E. entered the mercantile business in Crete, and has been engaged principally in this ever since; also engaged in the brick manufacturing business, and proprie- tors of the Hewes House, which is the only good hotel in Crete. The Hewes Bros, are the oldest merchants in Crete, and own one of the leading dry goods, notions and general stores of Crete. WALTER LOOCK, general manager of the Crete Manufacturing Co., Crete; was born in Berlin, Germany, Oct. 15, 1853; emigrated to America in 1871; he went to Fort Wayne, Ind. ; here he was engaged in a large wholesale book and stationery house as book-keeper, thence to Chicago ; from there he came to Crete, and, in 1878, was appointed General Man- ager of the Crete Manufacturing Co. This company is quite extensively engaged CRETE TOWNSHIP. 893 in the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, etc. It now gives employment to about fourteen hands. An immense business is done for so young a company ; find sales for their goods in Joliet and surrounding country. G. W. MINARD, M. D., physician, Crete ; his gentleman \yas born inPrattsville, Greene Co., N. Y., Aug. 1(5, 1825, and is the son of E. B. Minard, a farmer, who participated in the war of 1812. In 1841, Dr. Minard, with his parents, emigrated West to Illinois, and settled in Cook Co. ; he first commenced the study of medicine in Crete under Dr. H. Hitchcock, now of Chicago, 111. ; he then entered the Indiana Medical College at La Porte, Ind. ; here he received sufficient knowledge to com- mence the practice of medicine ; he first located in Lake Co., Ind. ; then, in 1849, he commenced the practice of medicine in Crete ; here he has remained ever since ; to-day is the oldest physician of Crete. He married Miss Melicent G. Brownell, of New York. W. H. NEVENS, Principal of the Crete school, Crete ; was born in Lewiston, Me., March 9, 1845, and is the son of Charles H. and Mariah (Pettengill) Nevens. Father was a farmer ; here Mr. Nevens was brought up on his father's farm, and engaged in farming ; in the winter months attending school ; in 1862 and 1863, he taught his first school in Maine. In 1864, he enlisted in the 32d Maine V. I., and participated in the late war ; was wounded at the battle of Cold Harbor June 3, 1864 ; was honorably discharged at the close of the war ; returned to his home in Maine. Here he was engaged in going to school in 1866-67 ; then entered Bates College of Lewiston, Maine; here he received a full classical education ; in August, 1869, came West to Illinois ; taught school in Will Tp., Will Co., fifteen months; May, 1871, he came to Crete, and commenced teaching here ; he has been ever since, excepting one year. The Crete school is conducted in a superior manner, showing conclusively the great advantages to be attained in em- ploying a principal of the scholarly at- tainments and j)ractical experience possessed by Mr. Nevens. JOHN O'MEIER, farmer; P. 0. Crete; wa.s born in Germany Jan. 17, 1824, and is the son of John Conrad and Sophia (Schweer) O'Meier, of Germany, who both died in Germany ; his father was engaged in the manufacture of oil ; here Mr. O'Meier was engaged in working in his father's factory; in 1844, he innnigrated alone to America, and, August 24, landed in New York City, and came West ; landed in Chicago Sejjt. 3, 1844, a stranger ; he set out to find work, and commenced work on a farm at S6 per month and board ; here he remained until the spring of 1845 ; he then came to Will Co., and commenced ^to work for John Miller, in Du Page Tp. ; he remained there and saved sufficient money to pur- chase eighty acres, in Crete Tp., of the present homestead; in 1848, moved to Crete Tp., and was engaged in renting a farm two years; then he had made suffi- cient improvements on his farm ; he then moved on here ; he has remained ever since ; to-day owns one of the best im- proved fiirms of Will Co. ; owns 380 acres in Will Co. and a half-section in Iroquois Co. Mr. O'Meier has held several offices of public trust ; that of Supervisor since 1869, excepting three years; in these offices he has given entire satisfaction. A strong Republican in politics and a hard worker in the ranks. Married twice ; first wife Annie Rinne ; second wife, Ellen Scheiwe ; thirteen children, ten living. J. 0. PIEPENBRINK, former; P. 0. Crete ; was born in Rodenburg, Ger- many, April 24, 1826; son of Henry H. and Lotto (Myer) Piepenbrink, of Ger- many ; his father was a farmer ; Mr. Piep- enbrink was raised on his father's farm. He married Sophia Wille and, in 1849, with his wife and one child, immigrated to America, and landed in New York City ; in May, 1840, came to Illinois ; first pur- chased 135 acres of land in Crete Tp., Will Co., near the present homestead ; here he set out in farming; to-day ranks as one of the most successful farmers of Will Co. ; came here with only $300 ; to-day owns over 700 acres of land, with fine im- provements ; Mr. Piepenbrink is engaged largely in the dairy and cheese manufact- ture. which factory is located on his farm. Eight children — Otto, Henry, Conrad, William, John, Philip, Ellen and Sophia. JOHN 0. PIEPENBRINK, Jr., farm.er ; P. 0. Crete ; was born in Germany Jan. 5,1847, and is the sun of John O. and 894 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Sophia (Wille) Piepenbriuk, of Grermany ; Mr. Piepeabrink, with his parents, immigra- ted to America in 1849, and settled in Crete Tp., Will Co. ; was brought up on his father's farm ; was engaged at work in Joliet a few years ; returned to the farm and has been firming ever since. Married Miss Dora Arkenburg, of Germany, daugh- ter of William Arkenburg, Sr. ; has one child — William Otto. ERNEST RINNE, farmer; P. 0. Crete ; was born in Hanover, Germany, Feb. 4, 1836, and is the son of William and Sophia (Hai'sty) Rinne, of Germany; in 1844, with his parents, he came to America ; came direct to Illinois, and set- tled in Chicago ; here they remained about six years ; then to Will Co.; here, Mr. William Rinne died on the farm, in 1874; Mr. Rinne farmed it until 1869 ; he then moved to Crete ; has been engaged in the manufacture of brick, and in the hay-press business ; the hay-press em- ploys from three to four men, and turns out about seven tons a day, when in full running order ; when Mr. Rinne first came to Crete, he was in the hotel busi- ness. Married Miss Mary Engelkenng, of Germany ; ten children ; seven living. CHRISTOPHER SCHEI WE, farmer; P. 0. Crete ; was born in Rodenburg, Germany, Feb. 21, 1827, and is the son of Phillip and Sophia ( Swining ) Scheiwe, of Germany ; his father was in the huckster business. In 1847, Mr. Scheiwe, with his brother John, emigrated to America ; came direct to Chicago ; was engaged in working on a farm on the Des Plaines River, and received $8 per month, and board ; in the winter months, he only re- ceived SB per month ; he then came to Will Co., and settled near Lockport ; then to Michigan ; returned to Will Co.; his first purchase of land was in Crete Tp., 80 acres ; here he set out in farming ; to-day, with hard work and good management, he ranks among the successful farmers of Crete Tp.; owns 435 ^ acres of improved land ; held sev- eral offices of public trust in Crete Tp. — Constable, Township Collector, and Jus- tice of the Peace ; 5lr. Scheiwe is Presi- dent of the Crete Farmer's Mutual Insurance Company, of Crete, 111. Mar- ried Sophia Lucke, of Germany ; eight children. JOHN SCHEIWE, farmer; P. 0. Crete ; was born in Rodenburg, Germany, Feb. 7, 1822, and is the son of Philip and Sophia (Swining) Scheiwe, of Germany ; his father was engaged in the huckster trade. In 1847, with his brother Chris- topher, he emigrated to America ; first landed in Quebec, Can.; then direct to Chicago, 111.; went to work on a farm; then on the canal, at $1 per day ; in 1851, he came to Will Co., and settled in Crete Tp., on the present farm ; he first pur- chased 80 acres for S70; Mr. Scheiwe, with good management, to-day owns a fine, improved farm, which ranks among the best improved farms of Will Co. Married in Cook Co., 111., to Miss Mary Wamhafer, of Germany ; she came to America at the same time Mr. Scheiwe did ; four children. Member of the Lu- theran Church. HENRY TATGE, farmer; P. 0. Crete ; was born in Germany June 8, 1821, and is the son of Henry and Chris- tina Tatge ; his father was a farmer, and, in 1851, with his wife and family, emi- grated to America, and landed in New York City ; came direct to Illinois, and settled in Cook Co.; here his father and mother both died. Mr. Tatge's father gave him $2,000 ; he then came to Will Co., and purchased 320 acres of land, for which he paid SI, 120 ; here he set out in farming ; he first built a small frame house on the present farm ; here, with good management, he owns 560 acres of land, with fine improvements. Married Catherine Olendorf, daughter of Conrad Olendorf, of Germany, who settled in Indiana; have had eleven children; six living. Member of the Lutheran Church. ALMON WILDER, farmer; P. O. Crete ; the subject of this sketch is one of the old settlers in this vicinity ; was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., May 21, 1806. and is the son of Rubin Wilder, a farmer, who was an officer in the war of 1812 ; when Mr. Wilder was about 4 years of age, he went to live with his grand- father ; when he was 6 years old, with his grandfather, moved to Ohio ; here he re- mained until 1837 ; while there, he learned the shoemaker's trade, and followed this business six or seven years. Ho was mar- ried in Ohio to Miss Annie Corey. In 1837, he came to Illinois and settled in DU PAGE TOWNSHIP. 895 Cook Co. ; ht!ro his wife rlied, about one year after they arrived ; lie was married the second time to Mrs. Louisa llayuioiid, of Eni,dand. In 1841, he came to Will Co. and settled on his present homestead ; here he has remained ever since. While here, he has held several public offices of trust; was Supervisor of Crete Tp. in 1851, 1852, 1853 and part of the term in 1855; held office as Assessor for seven- teen years, and (^olleetor ; these offices he held in a very creditable and efficient manner. Republican in politics. Two sons in the late war — Edwin A., enlisted in the 100th I. V. I., served full time and participated in some of the prominent bat- tles during the war ; George H., enlisted in the 8th I. V. C. ; these gentlemen did good service, and were honorably dis- charged at the close of the war. ExMIL WALTER, agricultural imple- ments and saloon, Crete; this gentleman was born in Germany Feb. 12, 1842, and is the son of Charles and Augusta (Schmidt) Walter, of Germany ; father was a minister of the Lutheran Church. in 1866, Mr. Walter came to America and landed in New York City ; he came direct West to Illinois and settled in Chicago ; here he was engaged as a traveling agent for the wholesale liquor house of Schmidt & Cramer for two and one-half years. He then entered the U. S. Regular Army, and served as Sergeant Major for five years in the Western and Southern States. He returned to Chicago, and entered the wine and liquor busine.ss for himself about one year; he then (in 1876) came to Crete; here he has been engaged in the saloon business ; is also agent for reapers, cultivatoi-s, rakes, plows, seeders and corn- planters. Mr. Walter was elected, in 1878, to the office of Town Clerk. He married Miss Eliza Werner. WILLIAM I. W^OOD, livery stable, Crete ; the subject of this sketch was born in Crete, Will Co., 111., .M.nvh 4, 1846, and is the son of Willard and Diantha (Boardman) Wood, who were among the first settlers of Crete Tp. ; Mr. Wood is engaged in the livery stable business. Married in 1871, to Miss Alvira Hewes, of Crete Tp., Will Co., 111., by whom he has two children. WILLARD WOOD ; l^ 0. Crete; the , subject of this sketch is one of the oldest settlers of Crete ; was born in Randolph, / Vt., Aug. 28, 1808, and is the son of Thomas and Ruby (Newland) Wood ; father was a native of Massachusetts; was en- gaged in the iron foundry business, and was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; died at Col- chester, Vt. ; Mr. Wood was rai.sed on a fiirm ; studyinir law at Hyde Park, Vt., was admitted to the bar to practice law. In May, 1836, with wife and one child, started West for Illinois, via Detroit, Mich. ; here he purchased a wagon and team, and arrived in Chicago in June, 1836 ; thence to Will Co. ; here he first settled in (>rete Tp., on 160 acres of land, and commenced farming in Will Co., and followed this business until, some thirteen years ago, he retired from farming. Mr. Wood was the first Postmaster, kept the first hotel and taught the first school in the village of Crete ; has also held several offices of public trust — that of Justice of the Peace about twenty years. Supervisor for two terms, in 1854 and 1856, and County Commissioner ; in these offices, he has acquitted himself in a very creditable and efficient manner. Mr. Wood is a Democrat in politics. Married Miss Di- antha S. Boardman, of Vermont, daughter of Alfred Boardman, by whom they have had eleven children, seven living ; one son in the late war — Willard S.; enlisted in the 8th I. V. C, and participated in some of the prominent battles ; was honorably dis- charged. DU PACE TOWNSHIP. HORACE BOARDMAN, farmer ; P. O. Naperville ; was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., July 25, 1819 ; in August, 1831, he came West with the family, his father settling on the farm where his son now lives ; of his father, wln) wiis one of the early pioneers of this section, much ap- pears in the body of this work ; he died 896 BIOGRA.PHICAL SKETCHES : May 30, 1877, at the advanced age of 83 years, and liis ashes rest peacefully in the beautiful little cemetery on the homestead ; Horace remained at home till 28 years of age, when he moved to Grand Traverse Bay, Mich., for the purpose of engaging in lumbering ; here he remained six years, and, in 1853, returned to Illinois ; in the spring of 186-4, he moved to Wisconsin, and remained three years ; in March, 1867, he returned to Illinois, and has since re- sided at the old homestead. He was mar- ried May 25, 18-43, to Laura A. Farr, a native of New York ; she died April 16, 1846 ; his second marriage, to Emily Cowles, a native of New York, occurred Sept. 3, 1849 ; she died May 2, 1862 ; his third marriage, to Mrs. Isabella Lewis (Emerson), widow of Chauncey Lewis, 'was celebrated April 28, 1863; from first marriage, two children were born — Ellen A., Maria A. ; from second, three — James C, Abby M., Walker B. ; from third, six — George E., Fannie E., Frank H., Harry G., Edith L., Charles Roy. Owns 248 acres in Du Page Tp. ; in addition to his farming, he also keeps a large number of cows for dairying purposes ; on his farm, in 1846, was operated the first McCormick reaper ever used in the limits of Will Co. FRANKLIN E. BARBER, farming and dairy ; P. 0. Lemont ; was born in Du ^Page Tp., Will Co., 111., Aug. 25, 1835 ; his father came West to Illinois in the spring of 18.:i2, and laid a claim where his son now resides; here he lived till the date of his decease, which occurred Dec. 19, 1876. Franklin E. was married Sept. 2, 1867, to Mrs. Adelaide Volentine, a native of New York State ; he has five children — Emma E., Etta F., Edward F., Jessie A., and an infant daughter ; Mrs. Barber has one child by her former husband — Mary J. His father was one of the early pioneers of Du Page Tp., and came to Chicago, or rather old Fort Dearborn, on the boat that brought Gen. Scott's army to do duty in the Sac war ; of him mention is made in the body of this work ; Mr. Barber owns the old homestead, 211 acres, valued at §14,000. Has held the ofiiccs of Constable, Town Clerk and School Director. He is a suc- cessful farmer, and supplies a large quan- tity of milk to the cheese-ftictory now in successful operation near his residence. GEORGE DIXON, farmer; P. 0. Lockport ; was born in Lincolnshire, En- gland, Dec. 25, 1832 ; he emigrated to America in 1851, and engaged in farm la- bor for G. R. Dyer ; he remained with him six years, and then labored for a Mr. Ray for the same length of time; in 1856, he purchased 320 acres of land in Michi- gan ; this he purchased chiefly for the tim- ber upon it, and, in the great fire which occurred throughout that region a few years ago, he suffered a loss of $3,000 to $4,000 ; subsequently, he sold out and went to England, and, after a sojourn of nine months, returned to America, and, in 1869, purchased where he now resides. He was married Sept. 14, 1869, to M. Jennie Burgess, a native of Lincolnshire, England. Owns 160 acres, worth $5,000. Mr. Dixon has led a somewhat romantic life since coming to America ; while a young man, he was accustomed to spend the winter season hunting and trapping in Michigan, and always realized handsomely from his winter's sport ; much of the time was passed with the Indians, and often- times he was far from the habitations of white men, surrounded by the beasts of the forest, with only the savage for a com- panion. NORTON EATON, farmer; P. O. Du Page ; was born in Rutland Co., Vt., Aug. 25, 1831 ; at the age of 14 years, he came West to Illinois, with the family, and settled in Kendall Co., near Au Sable Grove, and engaged in farming ; in 1854, he moved to Du Page Tp., Will Co.; in 1861, he moved to his present residence. He was married March 25, 1858, to Esther A. Rathbun, a native of Ohio ; she is the dauurhter of S. R. and Maria (Lander) Rathbun ; four children have been born to them — Mary A., Carrie E., Gracie G., living; one died, Edith E. Owns 91 acres in Du Page Tp., valued at $5,000. Mr. Eaton has held the ofiices of Assessor, Town Clerk, Constable, Commissioner of Highways, etc. AUSTIN GODFREY, farmer ; P. O. Lemont; was born in Erie Co., N. Y., Aug. 31, 1822; he is the son of Henry and Kansas (Warren) Godfrey; his father came West to Illinois in the fall of 1833, and stopped a short time in Chicago ; aft- er a sojourn of two months on the Des Planes, west of Chicago, he came into DU PAGE TOWNSHIP. 897 what is now Du Page Co., and settled in the timber on the Des Planes, pre-eraptin}:; one-half section of land, part of which lies in Du Page, and the remainder in Will Co.; here he lived until his decease, in 1850. Austin remained at home, at- tending, with his brother, to the business of the farm, after attaining to manhood. lie was married Dec. 25, 1847, to Lorenia Warren, a native of New York State ; she died Nov. 27, 1853. His second mar- riage, to Lucy Denton, occurred Dec. 24, 1857 ; she is a native of Lower Canada. From first wedlock, two children — Emma A. (now wife of G. W. Potter), and Will- iam H., deceased ; from second marriage, seven — Herbert A., Howard D., Abbie C, Carrie M., Arthur M., Guy R. and Roy S. Owns 675 acres of finely im- proved land, valued at $40,000 ; has held the offices of Supervisor and Road Com- missioner for the past fifteen years ; he has kept from 60 to 70 milch cows, and for the most part ships his dairying to Chicago. Mr. Godfrey stands well to the front rank among the farmers of his section. ROBERT GOUDY, farmer; P. 0. Du Page; was born in Essex Co., N. Y., Jan. 2, 1822; in the fall of 1843, he came West to Illinois, and settled in Du Page Tp., Will Co., and engaged in farm labor; in 1850, he moved to the I. & M. Canal, and attended lock, two and one- half miles north of Lockport, two years ; he next engaged in running a boat, two years, for Norton & Co., and again returned to the lock, remain- ing five years ; in 1859, he purchsised one-quarter section of land in Du Page Tp.; this he improved and occupied in 1861 ; be purchased where he now lives, in the winter of 1867. He was married Oct. 15, 1848, to Ophelia Welch, a native of Ohio ; two sons, William H. and Charles R., and two daughters, Mary and Julia, have been born to them ; of these, only one, Julia, is living. Owns 100 acres of land, well improved, and worth 87,000. At an early age, he learned the blacksmith's trade, but not having a fancy for the business he abandoned it for farming ; has held the (tffices of School Director, School Trustee, and is at present Commissioner of High- ways, his tenure of office extending over a period six and one-half years. WILLIAM KING, retired farmer; P. 0. Naperville ; was born in Hanover, Germany, Dec. 23, 1829; in 1848, he emigrated to America, and located in Bloomingdale, Du Page Co., 111.; here he engaged in farming, one year; he next came to Du J^uge Tp., Will Co., and en- tered the employ of Jonathan Royce, Sr., for whom he labonsd two and one-half years; in March, 1852, he went to Cali- fornia, and engaged in mining and butch- ering ; in 1857, he returned to Illinois, and purchased one-half of the farm originally entered by Robert Strong, and sold by him to Samuel Goodrich ; direct from the hands of rinter. Fettelhohn, T. Fetz, Micliacl, mason. Ferguson, John, laborer. I Fell, Jesse W., laborer. I Fidtller, James, laborer. I Finney, Jaines. I Fish, ilenrv, banker. Fiske, (). W. Fitzgerald, Thomas, laborer. Fishburn, Dan., capitalist. Fishburn, Joim. Finerty, Mary. Finnerty, James W., laborer. Fisher, Eberhardt. Fisher, Prosper, laborer. Fitzpatrick, Alice. Fitzpatrick, Patrick, farmer. Fitzpatrick, James. Flack, Mortimer A. Flask, J. J. Flackscham, J;Ouis, boatman. Flager, Catharine. Flaught, Geo. W., carpenter. Flannagan, Terrance, laborer. Flanders, J. R., .State's Attorney. Flood, Ilonora. Fodack, Joseph, laborer. Fogle, Jacob, laborer. Foley, T. H., laborer. Foley, John H., laborer. Folke, J. W., physician. Folker, R., Mrs. Follansbee. Daniel, laborer. Fonda, Abram, laborer. Foot, Sam., book-keeper. Ford, Hugh, laborer. Ford, T. P. agent. Ford, D., laborer. Foster, Geo. B. Fox, ()., merchant. Frauenhoff, Julius, molder. Frederick, Joseph, farmer. Frederick, Ililanus, laborer. Frederick, Joseph, laborer. Frederick, Peter, farmer. Freeman, Dennis, laborer. Freeman, Ixlmund, laborer. Frey, Margaret. Froinhalz, F., stone-cutter. Fuller, liuel A., attorney. F'uller, (;. W.. printer. Furlong, Rich., saloon-keeper. Furlong, Michael, laborer. Futrell, Samuel, laborer. Gable, Mary. Gaffney, John, carpenter. Gaines. Thomas, laborer. (rainor, John, laborer. Gallizien, Philip, merchant. Galagher, Patrick, laborer. Gans, Peter, laborer. Garrett, ^lilton, farmer. Garrett, Wm., laltorer. Garrettson, Martha. 914 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY; Garber, Michael, tanner. Garrity, Christie. Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Anna, Mrs. Garnsev, Charles B., attorney. Gatchell, Antone. Gaulden, James. Gavican, John, laborer. Gerolman, G. N. Ghegan, Ann. Ghalager, Michael. Ginther, John George. Giblin, Michael, laborer. Gibbons, Miles, laborer. Gibbon, Michael. Gibson, James, laborer. Gilbert, D. C, farmer. Giles, Joseph, laborer. Gilmore, R. Gilleger, P. Gill, Mary. Gillespie, P., laborer. Gleason, John, laborer. Gleason, John, Sr., laborer. Gleason, Wm., grocer. Glass, Lydia. Glepmaii, August. Glenf crick. A., laborer. Godfrey, Austin, carpenter. Goebel, Anthony, tanner. Goldfuss, John, laborer. Golden, James, laborer. Golyer, Mrs. Goilgar, Wm., farmer. Gooding, James, Mrs. Goodman, H. Goodenough, W. H. Goodspeed, Charles, banker. Goodspeed, James, editor and proprietor Joliet Republican. Gorges, Mat., carpenter. Gorges, John, shoemaker. Gorman, L. Gorman, James O., merchant. Gordon, Wm. Gottschalz, August, farmer. Gotschell, Casper, stone-cutter. Gowan, John, laborer. Grace, Wm., laborer. Grady, Jane. Graeber, Michael, tanner. Grant, Wm., laborer. Gras, Charles, laborer. Gratz, Joseph, laborer. Gray, John, tanner. Gray, Nicholas, laborer. Gray, James, laborer. Gray, ^Mitchell, laborer. Gray, George, laborer. Gray, C Gregg, Wm., laborer. Green, Lucy L. Green, George L. Green, Hart D. Green, George M., laborer. Green, John. Green, Edward. Green \vood,John, farmer. Grey, John, tanner. Grey, Lawrence, laborer. Griffin, Peter, laborer. Giiffin, James, laborer. Griffin, William, laborer. Grill, Charles, laborer. Grinton, Sarah A. Grinton, Anna. Grinton, William, real estate agent. Gross, John, stone-cutter. Gross, Alexander, stone-cutter. Gross, Arnold, mason. Gross, Henry, laborer. Gunlock, John. Gurrison, Joseph. Haughton, Patrick, laborer. Hammony, L.J. Hanly, J. Hanley, Patrick, laborer. Hanley, Catherine. Haiisser, George. Hausser, Simon, stone dealer. Hausser, Vincent, saloon-keeper. Hartshorne, H., clerk. Hatchman, Norman, molder. Haven, Philo. Haven, J. M. Haven, James, laborer. Hauck, Gabriel, tanner. Hauck, Ann C. Hogan, John, laborer. Hagen, Henry, blacksmith. Hart, Mary Ann. Hawkins, Ed., laborer. Hay ward, Lewis.!. Hartuian, John, mason. Hatch, R. D., woodworker. Hartung, Joseph, undertaker. Hartong, Patrick, laborer. Hartong, Joseph, laborer. Halsey, N. H. Haley, Jane. Haley, Patrick C-, attorney. Havauaugh, T., laborer. Hand, Mathew, dentist. Haughton, P., laborer. Hartigan, John, policeman. Hartigan, Dennis, laborer. Hamill, Margaret. Harney, Mary. Halway, Charles. Hagar,"E. C, attorney. Harless, B. A. Harless, ^Irs. Hahnlein, William, laborer. Hahnlean, Charles, laborer. Hasey, Charles O., opei'ator. Hasey, Eliza A. Hay, Mathew. Haidv, Henry, laborer. Hardy, E.E." Hardy, Otis, cai)italist. Hanson, John H., attorney. Hanson, J. AV., laborer. Harris, Mark. Hayes, William, watchman. Hack, Christian, machinist. Hadsell, M. J., farmer. JOLIET TOWNSHIP. 915 Hiirrigan, Mary. Hallem, J. W., laborer. Harms, John. Harvey, Francis, laborer. Hassen, Micliacl. Hayden, Patrick, laborer. Hawley, W. B. Hamilton, Marijai'et. Hamilton, Amos, laborer. Hanna. James A. Haiina. John, laborer. Harrinj]rton, Micliael, laborer. Harrinjiftim, Benjamin. Harrinij;ton, P., laborer. Harrinjjton, Harriet. Harrinert M., engineer. Pierce, Sanford, student. 920 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Pinneo, J. D. Pinney, D. H., attorney. Picket, Cicily. Pond, G. W. Pond, D. W., j>TOcer. Powers, John, laborer. Powers, Winefred, laborer. Polil, Henrv, Sr., trimmer. Pohl, H. P.; clerk. Posta, Ignatz, laborer. Powles, Daniel B., laborer. Potter, George W. Potter, Elvia. Potter, Harriet A. Porter, Edward, laborer. Porter, Edwin, brewer. Porter, J., i)ainter. Porter, C, painter. Prior, Mich. Preston, Thomas, tanner. Preston, Maria L. Pratt, Lydian C. Pratt, Hiram. Pratt, Mary A. Turvis, William, laborer. Py, Joseph, laborer. Py, Mary. Quirk, Bridget. Quilty, Maurice, laborer. (^niggle, J. W., well-driller. (^niggles, George W. Quin, Mortimer, laborer. Quinn, Michael, lal)orer. Quinn, Patrick, laborer. Raub, Maria A. Raiib, ]Sr. J., laborer. Raub, John, laborer. Rauclier, Maria. Rawley, A. G. Ray, Edward, horse-doctor. Raynor, George C, physician. Rademaker, Thomas, farmer. Rath, F., laborer. Rafferty, Catherine. Raka, Henry. Randall, A. "S., attorney. Randall, S, W., attorney. Rapple, Fred., butcher. J^apple, Michael, farmer. Redmond, Thomas. Reuneck, John. Reuben, John H., railroad conductor. Reid, John, farmer. Reed, S. B., civil engineer. Heed, Lucius J., carpenter. Reed, Charles, farmer. Reed, Samuel B., farmer. Reilley, Patrick. Reithger, 8., laborer. Reevs, Marshall. Rees, D. A., marble-cutter. lieichmann, Mary. Reichman, Joseph, butcher. Reinhart, John, store. Reitz, Wm. Reamer, Gustus, carpenter. Reiger, John, laborer. Regan, Honora. Rhine, Jacob, laborer. Rhodes, Mai"gfu-et. Ridgway, Caleb J. Riley, T. H., laborer. Riley, Thomas, laborer. Ritzel, Henry. Rindelman, Mr.^. Rigdon, Thomas, farmer. Rickey, A., saloon-keeper. Richart, Fritz, carjienter. Richart, John, grocer. Risley, Minerva P. Richmond, I. T., Mrs. Richard, David, farmer. Richards, Charles, physician. Richards, John, farmer. Richards, C., farmer. Richards, George, laborer. Robinson, Frank, saloon-keeper. Robinson, Nancy A. Robinson, A. J., merchant. Robinson, John H., farmer. Robinson, Margaret. Robinson, James. Robinson, Mary A. Robinson, Frank, grocer. Robinson, John. Roberts, Pratt. Roberts, John. Robertson, Robert. Rove, Samuel, farmer. Ross, L. E., farmer. Ross, J. p., farmer. Ross, Joseph. Ross, William H., laborer. Roundtree, Daniel, laundryman. Rose, Robert. Rodgers, Alexander, farmer. Rodgers, Michael, laborer. Rodgers, Oscar F. Roper, Jane. Roft, Daniel. Rowley, H. H., Mrs. Rockey, George E., planing- mill. Roke, Henry, laborer. Rohaker, H., mason. Rooney, John, laborer. Rogan, John clerk. Rowland, F. M. Rowell, Hopkins, capitalist. Rudcliff, Y. M., farmer. Rupertf Anthony, machinist. Rubb, Henrv, wagon-maker. Rudy, J. Rudge, Henry. Rudge, Samuel. Russell, Phebe. Russell, Elizabeth J. Russell, Christina. Russell, Amos C Rubenstein, Lorenz, farmer. Rubenstein, Lawrence, farmer. Rudd, David, farmer. Rudd, Rossiter, farmer. Rudd, Rossiter, laborer. Rudd, Sandford, machinist. Rudd, Barak, farmer. Ryan, Mrs. JULIET TOWNSHIP. 921 Ryan, John, merchant. Ryan, .lolin, sliocnuiker. Ryan, Janu^s, laborer. Ryan, Patrick, hiborer. Ryan, J. II.. laborer. Ryan, David, laborer. Ryan, Charles L. Ryne. (Jeoriie W., laborer. Savage. S. F., Mrs., bookstore. Sans, Christian, Pastor. Sanders, M., laborer. Sanders, L. J., laborer. Sartoris. Ma;-y. Sawer, Snsan. Sawyer, Henry J.. Supt. I. S. P. Sampson, ]Mrs. Salter, George B-, dentist. Sane, R. R.. laborer. Seniahan. M. Sandit'ord, Thomas. Sandiford, R., mannfacturer. Schall, Austen .1., laborer. Schall, Miles, laborer. Schall, Phillip, merchant. Scott, Rosetta. Scheulke, Michael, laborer. Schmeir, John. Scammond, J. Young. Schroam, Fred. Scheick, Henry, saloon-keeper. Scutt. H. B., wire fence. Schanan, W., Miss. Schorie, John, laborer. Scollay, Bridget. SchretHer, Henry, tinner. Schwertle, Peter, laborer. Schuj), John, carpenter. Schroder. F. W., druggist. Schuberth, John, marble-cutter. Scliott, Jacob, painter. Schoedler. Frank, trimmer. Scheidler, ^Slaria. Schurtz, M. W., laborer. Scheldt, John, candy-factory. Schosser, Godfred, stone-cutter. Schaller. Philip, mason. Schick, John, laborer. Schwartz, Xavier, laborer. Schmeiser, John, shoemaker. Schriver, John, laborer. Schott, Rose T. Schoop, D. R. Schreimer, Xicholas, wagon-maker. Schweiver, Michael. Schutter, Anthony, laborer. Sciiwars, Julius, lal)orer. Schmears. August, laborer. Schutts, Joiin, farmer. Schwitzer, Conrad, carpenter. Schultz. Henry, stone dealer. Schwab, Maria. Schoff, John. Schmitz, Ignatz, molder. Schneidei', Michael. Schneider, John B., laborer. Seitz, Matilda. Seitz, Stephen, laborer. Seitz, Anthony, plasterer. Searles, F., clerk. Searles, M. E., clerk in P. O. Seining, Fred, br(^wer. Seibeiitiiil. William, laborer. Seeley, ,)., keeper in 1. S. P. Seeley, (Jettrge, laborer. Seeley, James, laborer. Seeley, Jouas, Ial)()rer. Sexton, Dennis, lal)orer. Sees, George, stone-cutter. Sennnerer, A., laborer. Sennett. Edward. Seneca, II. Selser, Frederick. lal)orcr. Seivert, Vinsen, farmer. Seivert, \'incent, mason. Seigel, George, farmer. Sewanl, Calvin, farmer. Seivart, John, merchant. Shaffer, Paul. Shaffer, Henry, J5aker. Shaw, Fayette B. Shaw, Clark J . Shaw, Alex. Shaw, J. B. Shaw, James, laborer. Sheridan, Dennis, laborer- Sheridan, Patrick, laborer. Shayer, Leroy, Sharp, A. B., axle grease. Shirk. Henry, saloon-keeper. Shields, Jolin, laborer. Shrellier, A. H., book-keeper. Shoop, Louisa. Shepley, Wm., laborer. Shuttler, J. F., laborer. Shubert, Conrad, stone-cutter. Shiffer, Fred. Shellev, J. L. Shaffner. Benjamin, coal-dealer. Shanahan, P., .Justice of the Peace. Shanan, AV., ^liss. Sh ussier, Joseph, carpenter. Shutts, Henry. Short, Mary J. Short, Terrance, laborer. Short, Barney, laborer. Short, T., laborer. Short, Patrick, laborer. Sime, John, mason. Silks, R., laborer. Sinn ns, S. ()., grocer. Simons, Anna. Sing, Adam, farmer. Simi)Son, B., farmer. Simpson, Luke, shoemaker. Simpson, B., laborer. Simongton, Wm., farmer. Sido, Stephen, blacksmith. Sindsey, Adaline. Simonds, Philip. Sloan. John, laborer. Sloan, P.ridget. Sloan. Catluirine. Slimm, Wm., mason. Slim, Win., laborer. Sleeper, D. C. Smith, Andrew, farmer. 922 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY; Smith, Eose, Mrs. Smith, Henry, laborer. Smitli, 1. D., laborer. Smith. Wm., farmer. Smith, Emely N. Smith, Wm., Mrs. Smith, Catharine. Smith, Nicholas. Smith, Michael, laborer. Smith, Floretta. Smith, Dwite, carpenter. Smith, E. N. Smith, Christopher, laborer. Smith, Orange R., carpenter. Smith, John, laborer. Smith, Paul, Jr. Smith, p., laborer. Smith, Andrew, stone-cutter. Smith, Patrick, farmer. Smith, D. Y., carpenter. Smeeker, Margaret. Smalley, Henry, laborer. Smalley, John, laborer. Snapp, Henry, attorney. Snapp, A. Sohn, Andrew. Souman, Adam, laborer. Spears, Wm. E., carpenter. Spear, James B., grain dealer. Spretzer, Frank, merchant. Spangler, John. Spangler, Agnes S. Spangler, Henry. Spangler, W. A., plasterer. Spencer, R. Spaulding, David E., laborer. Springer, F., clerk. Spoor, Harlow H., plasterer. Squires, Isaac. Steffen, Christian, laborer. Steffen, Henry. Star, A. R., nurseryman. Starbuck, Irene, tlour and feed store. Steinburg, Mary E. Stege, William, laborer. Stanton, Johanna. Stanton, David. Stanton, Nicholas, blacksmith. Staffen, Paul. Stapleton William, shoemaker. Staehle, C W., bookbinder. Stemman, Regina. Stoddard, Betsey. Stock, John, saloon-keeper. Stockmeier, John, mason. Stoos, Joseph, carpenter. Stalde]-, Nicholas, laborer. Stowe, Louise P. Stanley, F. G., laborer. Steel, William A., stone dealer. Steel, Susan M. Strickland, Maria. Strickland, Leon, laborer. Staley, Ignatz, laborer. Strong, William A., Jr., capitalist. Strunz, John. Stewart, William. Stewart, Ezra H., dentist. Stevens, W. D., carpenter. Stevens, H. D. Stevens, W. W., attorney. Stevens, Nancy. Stevens, Albert, horse dealer. Stevens, H. K., capitalist. Stevens, Benjamine, farmer. . Stephens, Sebastian, shoemaker. Stephens, J., Sr. Stephens, Orrin. Stephens, Joe, saddler. Stephen, John, Jr., farmer. Stender, John, laborer. Stearns, Harmon, carpenter." St. Julian, Joseph, saddler. St. Julien, J. I., saddler. St. Ange, Louis, laborer. Sullivan, Dennis. Sullivan, John, laborer. Sullivan, Owen, laborer. Sullivan, Paul, laborer. Sullivan, Ed., laborer. Sullivan, James, laborer. Sundeiland, Patrick, laborer. Sulland, John, laborer. Sutton, James, butcher. Swan, Joseph iR. Swan, C B., well-borer. Swartout, Con. Tait, Michael, laborer. Tait, Michael, farmer. Talbot, Edward, butcher. Talbot, Rich. Tatge, Conrad, manufacturer. Tarbell, J. F., heater. Taylor, J. W., carpenter. Taylor, John W. Taylor, Henry, quarryman. Taylor, Tiberias. Telfer,F. W., laborer. Terrence, J. L. Teeling. James, laborer. Terry. F. E., manufacturer. Tea, Mark B. Themes, Nicholas, marble-cutter. Theiler, John, grocer. Thompson, Ann. Tliomi)Son, S. F. Thompson, E., Mrs. Thornton, Carey, laborer. Thornton, S. J., laborer. Thayer, H. L. Thayer, Leroy, capitalist. Tipper, William, laborer. Tonner, William, City Clerk. Tonnei-, Mrs. Townsend, Thomas. Toorney, Ed., farmer. Tracy, Michael, laborer. Tracy, Nicholas. Treat, Francis. Tramor, Thomas, laborer. Troy, Patrick, drayman. Troy, James, laborer. Tighe,N. D., saloon-keeper. Trickanan, John. Trutchler, Charles, teacher. Tripp, James M., laborer. JOLlEl" TOWNSHIP. 92a Tniver, .Tolin, furmer. Tuck. Lucy A. Tuvnstcin, Lewis. Tvvohcy, Matliew, saloon-keeper. Tyler, E. M. Tyrell, Thomas, shoemaker. Tyrell, Ann. Unmack, William, farmer. ITlm. Lawrence, barber. Ulrich, Michael, shoemaker. riricli, Henry A. Vanderbur*^ "William S. Vanderlip, JP. A. Vance, G. L., merchant. Valker, John, laborer. Valker, Mary. Van Allen, Charles F., railroader. Van Allen, Myron, laborer. Van Anken, Jacob C. Van Horn, Garrett. Van Kuel, C, farmer. Van Vlake, Frank L., mill-wright. Verly. Fanny. Venhoff, Andrew, laborer. Vessel, Conrad, stone-cutter. Vincent, Joseph, butcher. Vinson, Mary C. Vougt, Francis, laborer. Voght, Jacob, laborer. Voight, Cliarles, laborer. Voelker.Mary, Mrs. Volker, Mary Ann, farmer. Volker, John, farmer. Walker, Henry. AVatson, J. S., Mrs. Watson, Isaac, blacksmith. Waldfoale, Felix, wiper. Waldfogle, A., farmer. Waldfogle, Benedict, farmer. Wall, B. W., laborer. Walls, James, foreman I. S. P. Wade, Desire, merchant. Waterman, D. M. AValch, Robert, grocer. Walcli, Robert, merchant. Walch, Martin, biiker. Warren, Caleb, railroad conductor. Warren, Wm. AVarren, J. M., stone-mason. AVagner, Martin, laborer. AVagner, Christian, teamster. AVagner, Ignatz. lai)orer. AVagner, Anthony, stone-cutter. AVagner, Alois. AVagner, Ferdinand, farmer. AVagner, Michael, laborer. AVagner, F.. lalx)rer. AVagner, M. AV., stone-cutter. AVanier, L. L. AV'arner, Josei)h, mason. AV alien, Helen, A. AVallace, F., laborer. AVallace, B. AV. AValworth, Henry. AVal worth, Henry R. AVatersoii, John, agent. Watkins, Jonathan, farmer. AVard, George H. AVanl, Charlotte B. AVard, Hugh, laborer. Ward. Louisa. AVard. Hugh, farmer. '' AVeibel, Nicholas, stone-cutter. AVeyernian, Jolm, sak)ou-keeper. AVestherbee, M., farmer. AVebb, Mary. AVeidinger, (Jeorge. AVebster, Olivar. carpenter. AVendle, .John, stone-cutter. AVeidhuids, Benedict, laborer. AVestphall. Martin, l)anker. AVestphall, Luella J. AVeaver, James R. AVerinnaii, Hubert. AV'ertnjnller, Charles, laborer. AVerlin. Anthony, farmer. AVerlen, Peter, laborer. AVeber, Peter W., Justice of the Peace. AV^eber, Sussana. AVeed, Nelson, druggist. AVelsli, John E., engineer. Welsh, Patrick. AVeeks, C. H., farmer. AVeeks, Jane. AVeeks, Horace, master in chancery. AVeisliaar, J., clerk. Werner, Charles, Jr., stone dealer. Werner, J. V , saloon-keeper. AA^erner, Charles, stone dealer. AVerner, Adam, stone dealer. AVerner, Jacob F., mason. AVerner, C A., stone dealer. AVergler, John. AVhalen. Pat., laborer. AVhite, S. 8., farmer. AVhite, AVm., laborer. White, L. K., clerk. AVhite, Ann. AVhite, B. K. White, Jesse O. AVhite, Jeremiah. White, Samuel H., painter. AVhite, James 8., carpenter. Whitson, Benj., laborer. Whittier, George, limekiln. AVhittier, Nancy. Wheeler. Loriiida C. AVheeler, Jennie. AA'^ierman, John, saloon-keeper. AVilt, Anthony. AV^ggins, A. J., laborer. AA'iliiamson, L. M., laborer. AV:se, James. AVinberry, John, laborer. AVinkler,'AVm., painter. AVicharr, J., clerk. AViser, Elizal)eth. AVilds, Mich., laborer. AVixonie. Mrs. AVigle, George, laborer. AVilcox, J. F., clerk. AVilcox, G. AV.. laborer. AVinier.s, D., carpenter. AVinters, Eben M., farmer. AV inter, C A., carpenter. AVinkie, Frank, stone-cutter. 924 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Winke, Christopher, laborer. AVilson, M. J. Wilson, Charles L.. horse-trainer. Wilson, Ed., laborer. Wilson, John F. Wilson, Janette. AVilliams, Solomon, engineer. Williams, W. T. Williams, James, laborer. Williams, A., painter. Williams, Robert. Williams, Jane. Williams, J. C., agent. Williams, Alson. Williams, Charles A., doctor. Williams, S. L., farmer. Williams, Nicholas, farmer. Williams, J. A., farmer. Williams, Michael, farmer. Williams, H. H., laborer. Williams, Sarah L. Wood, Wm. C, insurance agent. Wood, J., laborer. Woodruff, Luther, farmer. Woodworth, Thomas, molder. Woodruff, F. W., Cash. First Nat. Bank. Woodruff, George, banker. Worthing, W. A. Worthington, S. A., Mrs. Worthington, M., Mrs. Worrell, Lorinda. Worrell, Charles, merchant. Wright, E. A. Wunderlick, Ann M. Wunderlich, Arnst, stone-cutter. Wj-ne, Thomas B. Wytt, John, laborer. Wyneman, P., saloon-keeper. Wyatt, Wm. S. Yack, S., barber. Young, Henry, confectioner. Young, James, painter. Young, Edward, painter. Y^'oung, Manstield, merchant. Zarley, Calneh, printer. Zarley, William H., County Clerk. Zirkel, Ferdinand, marble-cutter. Zipf, Andrew, farmer. Zipf, Frank, farmer. Zipf, Theobald. WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. (P. O. WILMINGTON.) Anderson, J. H., farmer. Althouse, Albert G., farmer. Althouse, Sarah. Althouse, Naomi. Althouse, William, teamster. Aldrieh, D. H., carpenter. Alexander, George, farmer. AUen, E. J., farmer. Allen, Edw., lumber dealer. Alden. Hiram O., Jr., mine boss. Brophy, James, liveryman. Banyard, B., merchant. Baker, Minor, farmer. Baker, I^eroy A., Constable. Burns, C, farmer. Butler, Henry, farmer. Bogart, AV'^illiam, merchant. Bardwell, Fred, farmer. Baljcock, J. E., farmer. Boyle, Patrick, farmer. Butcher, Jolin, laborer. Bennett, Jemima. Beesley, E. J., farmer. Bowen, E. W., physician. Banyard, V., merchant. Buck, Geo. A. Burton, Joseph, trader. Baskerville, 11., merchant. Bovee, Charles, agent " County History." Burke, Philip, mason. Blood, H. N., soda manufacturer. Bowen, Francis T., Mrs. Brouscljette, Joseph, mason. Burton, Thomas, trader. Brodie. Peter, teamster. Burke, Hugh. Brown, Edw., laborer. Brown, Edwin, laborer. Brown, 0. W. Brown. Hansen. Baxter, Ellen. Barnes, Thomas, laborer. Butler, Thomas. Cattell, Charles W., farmer. Crate, John E., farmer. Corbin, Peter, farmer. Camp, S. C, Postmaster. Curb en, Michael. Case, N. H., merchant. Clarkin, Andrew, laborer. Cooper, James, farmer. Cotton, Geo., carpenter. Crist, R. H., carpenter. Campbell, John, farmer. Clayes, Levi M. Carroll, M., merchant. Carroll, Torrence, sexton. Carter, W. J., Assessor. Conley, Thomas, bricklayer. CoNLEY, E. D., Editor Advocate. Cobb, D. U ., banker. Copps, Charles, farmer. Clark, Thomas, saloon. Camj), Samuel C, Postmaster. Coggswell, B. B., merchant. Couroal, D., cooper. Conley, Thomas, mason. Custer, E. I). CuUon, Anna. Church, Charlotte. Corbett, Thomas, laborer. Chambers, George, laborer. 9^ WILMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 927 Dowse. Stephen. Dunn, James, farmer. Dewitt, Georjxe, farmer. Dunham. .1. II., Cliieago. Dujfan, ,I()lin, hiliDrer. Darh'V, Michael, hiborer. Dorsey, Tliomas, saUH)n. Dunhip, Clari.ssa. Daniels, John H., Chicago. Dovvling, John," laborer. Dowlinu, K(l\v., laborer. Diuvis, \Vm. T., laborer. Dwyre, Mary. Deloat. Albert, gardener. Donohue, Edw., merchant. Demorest, J. P., carpenter. Dickerson, J. A., carpenter. Dugan, .lolui, laborer. Evans, ilcnry, farmer. Ford, Daniel, farmer. Freas, John. Ford, James, laborer. Fogarty, Anna. Fuller, Delivan, saloon. Ferguson, Jeremiah, blacksmith. Fuller. M. W., Mrs. Fisher, liryan, miller. Fisher, John C, miller. Ciavigan, James, farmer. (^leelaii, Henry, farmer. Ooodenough. John, farmer. Gaffney, Bartley, farmer. Gavican, James, farmer. Gurney, Henry, prop, livery stable. Gall. Jonathan, miller. Goodwin, William. Gurney, E. 11., livery stable. Gardner, Jane. Gray, George W. Gleuney, John, farmer. Gooding, James M. Gooding, Alonzo, farmer. Hill, John. Heneberry, John, farmer. Hays, Dennis, farmer., Hart, William, drayman. Harbottle, W. M., merchant. Hooper, Edw., farmer. Hazard, Catharine, milliner. Hudson, Henry, farmer. Holister, Henry, laborer. Haley, iSIartin.mason. Hunter, David, miner. Henneberry, T. M., poultryman. Hine, Patrick. Henderson, J. D., merchant. Hurley, J., laborer. Hall, Oscar M., laborer. Herriot, Joim, teamster. Holmes, C B., carpenter. Hutchinson, A. Hill. Andrew, retired. Heck, riiilii), saloon. Hadsell, William. Hilburn, Milton, molder. Irisii, Georgf^, laborer. Jac(iuenlt, Alice. Johnson, .Mary. Johnson, Howard, iceman. Jackson, Josej)h, plasterer. Jackson, K. J. Jackson, J. A., painter. James, Willis, laborer. Jones, H. K. Jones, (ieoige, engineer. Jones, D., miner. Jessup, John S., merchant. Knaj))), Orrin, teamster. King, Bernard, farmer. Kahlcr, .John, tailor. Kirk, Patrick, farmer. Kelley, Felix, City Marshal. Krause, August, merchant. Klemefelter, A. N., carpenter. Kinslar, Edw.. laborer. Keeley, Micliael, i)lasterer. Knight, John. Kavanaugh, Thomas, farmer. Larson, Peter, laborer. Lang, Philip, farmer. LeCaron, Henry, i)hysician. Lamping, \V. ]Si., farmer. Lacy, C. B., Mrs., farmer. Luther, Charles, faimer. Luther, J. J., farmer. Lines, S. D. B., Constable. LeDoyt, Eoswell, carpenter. Lee, W. M., laborer. Lyon. A. I., restaurant. Lord, Mary. Mallon, Charlotte. Maloney, J., farmer. McGee,'Mary. McArtluir, A. L., farmer. McRea, AV. M., farmer. McCabe, Michael, shoemaker. McLaughlin, Mary, Chicago. Mcintosh, A., farmer. McManus, John R., saloon. McCormick. Hugh, engineer. McGinnis, W., farmer. McGoveren, B., blacksmith. Mcintosh, T. 8., painter. . McKeon, Philip, merchant. McGovern. Mary. McCormick, Nancy C. McGovern, Barney, laborer Maloney, James li., farmer. Morgan", Moses, farmer. Mowray, James B., farmer. Mallon," John, Jr., farmer. Morrison, Mary A., farmer. Mitchell, xVnna. Monell, S. L., merchant. Mallon, Charlotte, farmer. Morrill, Closes, farmer. Mitchell, Frank, farmer. Merrimaii. 1). J., jihysician. Martin, Joseph, farmer. Monteitii, David R., butcher. Monteith, Catiiarine. Merrill, John, attorney. * Moran, .tohn, laboi'er. Mailee, John, shoemaker. Moore, Wm., blacksmith. Moulton, F., C. & A. R. R. conductor. 17 928 EEAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Miller, Peter F., laborer. Miller, J. F., Mrs. Nelson, John, laborer. Newhall, H., farmer. Noble, W. H., painter. Neal, Isaac. Norton, Michael, laborer. Nausbaum, J. G., wagon-maker. Osborn, N. N., farmer. O'Brien, John, farmer. O'Mara, Wm., farmer. Patter, Huldali. Perry, James A., farmer. Pauling, Francis, broom-maker. Patterson, John, miller. Purcell, Thomas, laborer. Quinn, Jeremiah, Jr., farmer. Reynolds, Michael, farmer, llyan, Mary. Roderick, Eli, farmer. Roat, Andrew, carpenter. Roteng, E. Ritchie, Alex, farmer. Roberts, H. N., cashier bank. Robinson, Thomas, carpenter. Roderick, Joseph, farmer. Rockwell, Stephen, farmer. Rote, Andrew, carpenter. Robson, W., farmer. Robson, Eliza. Russell, J. B. F., farmer. Rosenberger, John, laborer. Reeves, Thomas, merchant. Rilly, James. Ray, Wesley P., coal dealer. Scanlan, Dennis, farmer. Scott, Ellen. Scarlett, A. A., Mrs. Scanlan, James, farmer. Scully, William, Chicago. Schyler, Pliilip, painter, Scanlan, Dennis, farmer. Schneider, R. Schneider, Edward, tinker. Schermerhorn, P. P., farmer. Shields, Luke, retired. Shields, Frank, farmer. Shields, Frank, merchant. Shelby, Patrick, farmer. Sibert, Z., tailor. Slusser, William D., farmer. Smith, Dennis, drayman. Small David, Jr., merchant. Small, Daniel, lumber dealer. Small, Dell, lumber merchant. Smith, J.,ewis H. Smith, Thomas, farmer. Smith, N., Police Magistrate. Smith, E. P., farmer. Snyder, Reynhart, farmer. Stork, Edward, baker. Steadnum, R., Mrs. Stagg, James, carpenter. Stertan, Henry, saloon, Stagg, Benj., carpenter. Steplienson, L. L., clerk. Stillwell, George, cigar stand. Steffen, Henry, butcher. Stewart, M. N. M., banker. Stewart, John, merchant. Starkweather, James, farmer. Sullivan, J., laborer. Taylor, M. L., harness-maker. Terrill, Michael, farmer. • • Teerney, Michael, farmer. Thomas, Mary. , Thompson, Maria, Thompson, Robert, coal dealer. Thompson, Jane. Thompson, J. C., Mrs. Thompson. John, prop, boarding-house. Thompson, David C, wagon-msiker. Thornton, Thomas, laborer. Thornton, John laborer. Titus, Leander, carpenter. Tinney, Francis, teamster. Tinslar, G. I., attorney. Tinslar, Lawrence. Tollington, Robert, merchant. Trett, S. E., physician. Tyroll, M., farmer. Tuttle, M., retired. Turner, A. Underwood, M. J., laborer. Vander Bogert, W. H., butcher. Vetter, F., farmer. Vogle, Geo., farmer. Wagner, l^homas, farmer. Watkins, Wm., clerk. Walsh, Mamie. Watson, L. H. Wade, John, farmer. Watson, Charlotte S., restaurant. Watson, Morrill, farmer. Waters, John, painter. Warner, Sarah. Warner, Isabella. Warner, Helen. Washburn, Elizabeth. Walsh, Wm., saloon. Webber, Jeremiah, farmer. Whealon, Michael, farmer. Whealen, James, merchant. Wheeler, Ephinelas, teamster. White, John D., poultryman. White, C, Mrs. Whitten, James, banker. Wikey, T. J., clerk. Wilard, E. R., physician. Wilson, D. F., lumber merchant. Wilkins, Abram, liveryman. Williard,E. W., druggist. Wise, Hiram A., merchant. Wood, John, farmer. Woodstock, Ellen. Wright, Abner, plasterer. Wurtz, Daniel, marble-cutter. Young, James L., Justice. REED TOWNSHIP. 929 REED TOWNSHIP. (P. 0. BItAIDWOOD.) Allen, W. Allen, T.. miner. Allen, Peter, niinei'. Allen, E. Argyle, Joseph, miner. Armstrong, Isabella. Armand, John, mine boss Alter, James M. Atkinson. Wm„ miner. Applenwhite, George, miner Applenvvhite, John, miner. Alsahan, August, miner. Alcoo, Peter, miner. Allison, Robert, miner. Bailey, A. Ball, James, miner. Barr, Peter, saloon. Barr, Andrew, clerk. Backus, John B., physician. Barsdale, liobert, teamster. Barber, Frank, saloon. Barrowman, James, miner. Barrowman, Alex, miner. Barrowman, Margaret. Barrey, D., saloon Bain, "Robert, Street Commissioner. Bain, James, miner. Batler, John, miner. Bamrick, John, saloon. Bamrick, James, miner. Bates, Samuel, miner. Baskell, John, miner. B;isher. Alphar, miner. Ballantine, Kelso, saloon. Jiell, William, miner. Bell, W. R., miner. Bell, Joseph, miner. Bell, Robert, miner. Beba, P., miner. Betz, George, Bertrand, Julius, miner. Bertrand, Gustav, laborer. Belaud, John, teamster. Besk, John, miner. Beck. John, miner. Bessler, John, Jr. Bennett, James 0., farmer. Bennett, J. I). liesanda, Thomas, miner. Berine. William, miner. Beadle. A. E., painter. Bertrand, Gustav, miner. Bluet, Josiah, miner. Blood, H. ^V., soda manufacturer. Boyle, M., saloon. Boyle, Hugh, niinei'. Boyles. Francis, miner. Booth, Martha C, milliner. Boylston, C. D., farmer. Braid wood Dairy Association. Braid wood, James, coal opei'ator. Braid wood Coal Co. Bradbury, Agnes. Braeley, John, farmer. Braden, William, miner. Broadbcnt, Jolin, clerk. Brenan, Ann. Britton, Simon, miner. Brogan, M., miner. Brown, Hugh, miner. Brown, ^\'. JJ. Brown, R. B., miner. Brown, James. Button, William. Burt, Robert, saloon. Burt, James, miner. Butler, George, miner. Burke, Richard, laborer. Burke, Hannah, farmer. Burzeh, B., miner. Burges, Frank, miner. Burrill, James, miner. Burr, Ferris, carpenter. Carlisle, William, baker. Carney, Edward, miner. Carney. Lewis, miner. Carney. Patrick, saloon. Canton, John. Calwell, Thomas, teamster. Cairns, Catherine. Campbell, William, clerk. Castello, Antrina, saloon. Casey, James, miner. Campbell, William, plasterer. Canvey, M., miner. Callahan, jNIichael, miner. Cardwell. Henry, miner. Carroll, Bridget, farmer. Cheney, W., miner. Cheeney, Vinzel, miner. Cheeney, Peter. Christy, Patrick, Mrs. Charles, William, saloon. Chaney, James, miner. Charlton, C. K., druggist. Cherry, James, miner. Chigworth. William, miner. Cheerlier, Altliuuse, miner. Clark. Philip, mine boss. Cleveland, F. (J., farmer. Connors, T., butcher. Coal Co., C, W. &. V. Costello, Anthony, saloon. Cook, Tiiomas, miner. Cool., Thomas, fanner. Cook, Sampson, miner. Coley, Nicholas, laborer. Connors Thomas, farmer. Connea, James. Conners, William, butcher. Conner. Thomas, butcher. Connolly, Edward. Connolly, Thomas. Conroy, Joseph, miner. Cox, Henry, miner. Cox, Frank, miner. 930 REAL ESTATE OWlSERb OF WILL COUNTY: Cox, John., Sr., retired. Cox., John, Jr., weigh boss. Cox, "William, miner. Crossin, James, miner. Crane, Edwin A., clerk. Creely, John, Sr., miner. Craig, John, miner. Craig, James, cleik. Craig, Bartly, miner. Criense, Andrew, miner. Cruise, Mary. Crinse, Henry, miner. Criss, John, 8r., miner. Crombie, John, miner. Cunningliam, William, miner. Cuckley. Joseph, miner. Currey' Peter, miner. Dawney, J. B. Daublin, J., miner. Davidson. Adam, teamster. Davidson, Edward, miner. Dawning, J. D., farmer, Daugherty, Dennis, miner. Dando, Mishak, Police Justice. Darley, Edward. Davis, Evan, miner. Davis, W. D., saloon. Davis, John O., shoemaker. Davis, W. S., saloon. Davis, William T. Dennison, David, miner. Dennison, Thomas, miner. Dennison, Williamson, miner. Dennison, William, miner. Dennison, John L., miner. Devine, James, hiborer. Dergan, Patrick, miner. Demblon, Joseph, niiner. Dehnarl, Ann. Derlislorus, .John, miner. Demmar, John. Delmarle, Lewis, merchant. De Cleres, Lucian, saloon. Derickson, George, miner. Dinsmore, William, miner. Dixon, Robert, miner. Dimblyn, Joseph, miner. Dillon, Charles, miner. Donahue, Edward. Donahue, John, County Treasurer. Dobbs, James, machinist. Donlen, John, laborer. Donan, Thomas. Donnell, Edward O., miner. Dougherty, Charles, miner. Donelly, .1., clerk. Doty, Eli H., farmer. Doyle, John, farmer. Douglas, William, miner. Duaan, G., miner. Dugan, Michael, miner Durham, Thomas, weigh boss. Duffey, William, miner. Durkin, Frank, miner. Dunn, James, miner. Dunn, Thomas, laborer. Dunmore, Wm., miner. Duffey, Miles, miner. Dunlap, A., farmer. Dunlap, Robert, miner. Drurey, Wm. P., miner. Draton, Wm. Dwyre, James, farmer. Dwyre, Patrick, farmer. Dyer, Win., farmer. Dyer, Geo., laborer. Earl, David, miner. Ebbitt, R., merchant. Edna, John, miner. Elliott, Adam, miner. Englisli, Luke, miner. English, John, miner. Erison, Peter, miner. Evans, James, laborer. Evans, Jenkins, miner. Eureka Coal Co. Farmer, Geo., miner. Falling, Patrick, miner. Farley, J., miner. Fay, Peter, miner. Ferguson, Wm., miner. Ferguson, James, miner. Feeney, John, miner. Felyn, A., miner. Felton, E. W., merchant. Felton, C. W., merchant. Fishback, Freeman, farmer. Flengler, A., miner. Floynn, Micliael, laborer. Forsythe, John, farmer. Fort, John, miner. Fox, Samuel, miner. Frew, Henry, miner. Freer, John, mechanic. Francis, David, miner. Franck, Joseph, miner. Frost, John, mechanic. French, J. L., farmer. Fundy, John, miner. Gatley, Barney, engineer. Gardner J. B., teamster. Garrity, Patrick, merchant. Gardner, J. B., teanlster. Geddis, John, Constable. Gisera, Frank, miner. Ghelain, Frank, miner. Glupp, James, miner. Glenny, Dennis, farmer. Gornley, Pat., miner. Goodrich, I-,. H., merchant. Goodrich, H. C, clerk. Golfinger, Nathan, merchant. Goldhnger, Catherine, Graham, David- Granger, 11. Granger, Wm., miner. Grace, Michael, miner. Gray, John, miner. Greene, Wm., miner. Greene, Theo., engineer. Greggs, James, miner. Haiiley, Pat., laborer. Hamilton, R. J., farmer. Hall, Geo., laborer. Hafford, James, miner. Hafford, Wm., miner. REED TOWNSHIP. 931 Harrison. John, far. Harelick. Joseph, minor. Harvy, \Vni., lar. Hanciiet, John Jj., farmer, llavlick. A., miner. Harris. Hiiben II. Ilanu'll, Thomas, hiborer. Harwood, Peter, miner. Hanna. Isaac, miner. Ilarup. Robert, miner. Haley, Catherine. Harvey, Francis, farmer. Haskinson, Ann. Harbottle, P. Hackett, Margaret. Hall, Thomas, miner. Halier, Peter. Hale, Frank. Hay, James, miner. Hahdlin, John, dairyman. Ileep, John, miner. Henler, Jacob, miner. Henneberry, Thomas, saloon. Hecherbottom, Elijah, miner. Heilman. Herman, Justice. Hill, AVm., miner. Hillard. John, enjj;ineer. Hifjgins, John, laborer. Higgins. Barney, farmer. Hlavin. Frank, saloon. Howe, Siston, laborer. Howe, W. H., carpenter. Holderworth, Picliard, miner. Howard, Thomas. Howat, Alex., miner. Howell, G., farmer. Hoar, Wm. H. Huston, Robert, merchant. Huttley, Desire, milliner. Husbaiul, David, merchant. Hunt, Jonathan, carpenter. Hubbard, James. Hynd. John, miner. Hynes, Mary. Hick, George, miner. Jack, William, merchant. Jack, William, Jr.. merchant. Jones, Ann E. Jones, David D., miner. Jones, John, miner. Jones, Wm. R., miner. Jones, Axna, miner. Jones, George, engineer. Jones, Mrs. James, John, clerk. Jones, Phil, miner. Jones, J., miner. James, John, clerk. Jeffrey. Joseph, miner. Johnson, George, saloon. Kane, Timothy, farmer. Kane, Nicholas, miner. Kane, J., saloon. Katel, ^lichael, miner. Kasperick, Albert, miner. Kaiser, Alvis, miner. Kelley, M., merchant. Kelley, Neeley, miner. Kelley, Thomas, miner. Kerr, David, miner. Kerns, Charles, teamster. KeJfe, Dennis, carjienter. Keenan, James, miner. Keenan, Daniel, miner. Keenan, Al)ner, farmer. Keevers, William, miner. Kennani, Thomas, teamster. Kicheely, John, miner. Kirzel, Frank, miner. Kidmore, James, miner. Kilpatrick, ,Iames, miner. Kirkpatrick. John, miner. Kirkpatrick, Alex, miner. Kline, Adam, miner. Knempash, Antoine, miner. Kottas, Michael, miner. Kottas, James, miner. Krist, John, Jr., miner. Kreemock, Anton, miner. Krumpash, Gabriel, miner. Kucia, John, miner. Kucera, Frank, miner. Kuckler, Alber, miner. Laska, V., miner. Lalles, Daniel, miner. Lacaust, F., miner. Larzlot, John, miner. Lackie, George M. Lexhararaux, Desire, miner. Lexhararaux, Peter, miner. Lewis, H. H., miner. Levis, Joseph, miner. Leviska, Frank, miner. LeClergal, L., saloon. Lindsay, Thomas, miner. Littlejohn, Finley, saloon. Lowe, Henry, farmer. Lovejoy, A., laborer. Long, John, baker. Love, Andrew, miner. Lofka, Joseph, saloon-keeper. Loyd, D., miner. McArthur, James, saloon. McClenan. Frank, miner. McClarky, William, miner. McCooey, R., miner. ]McDonald, Peter, miner. McDonald, Pat, laborer, McDermott, Peter. McElroy, John, saloon. McEvery, John, miner. McFeeley, Smith, laborer. McFardin, Mrs. McGinby, James, farmer. McGarvey, William, miner. McGrath, John. 8r., miner. McGrath, John, Jr., miner. McGrath, Perry, miner. McGurk, John, miner. Mclntyre, Thomas, miner. Mclntyre. John, miner. McKeon, Phil. McKinney, Samuel. McKinley, Robert, miner. McLane, "Robert, miner. McLindon, H., miner. 932 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY; McMurty, Samuel, teamster. McManus, Owen, laborer. MciSTeeley, William, miner. McjSTutty, William, miner. McYane, Michael, miner. McVicker, John, engineer. Matone, Antoine, miner. Mason, Agnes. Mannon, Thomas H., miner. Malcom, Mrs. Masier, Ira, farmer. Maltby, Wm., Superintendent of mine. Mack, James, miner. Macram, Frank, miner. Matine .Austin, miner. Marceles, Lewis, laborer. Marsh, I. K., merchant. Mearsler, Louis, miner. Meyer, Frank, barber, Merideth, William, miner. Medder, B., Mrs., farmer. M^les, John, miner. Mitchell, Rebecca. Mills, Eli, miner. Mills, Alice B. Micklijohn, Robert, miner. Micklijohn,J(jhn, teamster. Milachek. Matz, miner. Moran, Thos., merchant. Morris, David D., merchant. Morris, James IL, miner. Morris, Joseph, miner. Morgan, M., farmer. Mooney, Wm., City Attorney. Mulrooney, R., miner. Muldowney, Patrick, City Marshal. Mulligan, James, miner. Nelson, Simpson, carpenter. ISTehane, Albert, miner. Nell, J., butcher. Neack, Joseph, miner. Nicholas, Nicholas, miner. Nicholas, Thomas, miner. Nichol, John, miner. Noel, F., miner. Noonan, John, farmer. O'Brien, Patrick, miner. O'Connell, Charles, butcher. O'Donnell. Con., saloon. O'Dell, Wm. H, Oliver, Oscar, miner. O'Neil, Edward, miner. O'Neil, Tiiomas, blacksmith. O'Neil, Mary. Ovenocker, H., miner. Pascol, Alf., miner. Patterson, Agnes. Patterson, Alex., merchant. Pai)pleton, Henry, miner. Paden, David, miner. Pavino, Spinter, miner. Palmer, Thomas. Palmer, A. F. Parson, Wm., miner. Parson, Henry, miner. Pale, Joseph, laborer. Parkinson, H. H., editor Braidwood Re- publican. Pettigrew, Thomas, miner. Pettitt, T. T., clerk. Peart, Joseph, mine boss. Peart, John, miner. Perousie, J. H., miner. Pfingston, Henry, farmer. Phelps, E., laborer. Phillips, David, miner. Phillips, Richard, miner. Pinkera, John, miner. Pickering, Geo., miner. Pinkway, John, miner. Posta, Ignatz, merchant. Powell, Margaret. Powell. Daniel, miner. Powell, Stephen, miner. Powers, James, miner. Prebil, J., miner. Pi'oven, John, miner. Prier, A. Price, Benjamin, miner. Pride, Matthew, miner. Prould, Agu.stine, miner. Quiring, John, farmer. Ramsey, Richard, mine boss. Raise, Wm., miner. Rapelge, A. W., miner. Rankin, Wm., retired merchant. Rankin, Dunkin, merchant. Ranvill, S., carpenter. Ranville, S., carpenter. Ray, Thomas, mine boss. Raudek, Joseph, saloon. Ruddy, Wm., laborer. Rawhi, J., miner. Ray, Thomas, mine boss. Reckson, Wm., miner. Reakin, D., miner. Reese, John, miner. Richardson, Thomas, miner. Richards. F. G., farmer. Riley, Joseph, miner. Riley, Thomas, farmer. Rodt, Joseph, miner. Roe, Thomas, farmer. Roe, Charles, plasterer. Roe, James, miner. Roe, Thomas, farmer. Rodgers, Saphonia, farmer. Rosser, Richard, miner. Rodtt, Anton, miner. Routt, John, miner. Rooney, Timothy, miner. Rouse, Antrim, Mrs. Rock, John, miner. Rock, Michael, miner. Runcie, John, miner. Russell, Jane. Ryder, Charles, farmer. Sandal, James, miner. Savage, E. P. Saulsby, Wm., saloon. Schwarz, James, miner. Schubert, Anton, miner. Schomann, Joseph, miner. Scullins, Patrick, butcher. Scullan, Nicholas, miner. Scahan, Johan, farmer. REED TOWNSHIP. 933 Seliick, Joliii, miner. Sessinilick, J^., miner. Seviins, Levi, miner. Sebarta, M., miner. Secola, Anloine, miner. Sherman, W. H., merchant. Sliumacii, -Tosi'itli, miner. Shipton, Wm., phisterer. Shannon, .John, hiborer. Shibaek, Jolni, miner. Shannaht)n, Dennis, miner. Sherman, Katharine. Short, J.. Shank, ,)ohn, l>utcher. Sherwood, Frank, carpenter. Shields, Frank, Sliields, Nathaniel. Sharp, Alex., miner. .Sharp, Cliarles, miner. Sismik, T., miner. Sismilik, John, miner. Sinkiah, James, miner. Sickalr, T., Mrs. Simms, George. Sicklar, Tliomas, Mrs. Skinner, John, miner. Skelton, George, miner. Slack, Frank, miner. Smith, T., carpenter. Small, J)avid. Small, Daniel. Si)inning, A., carpenter. Sranck, Frank, miner. Stassen, F., miner. Strathnrs, James, miner. Strathurs, John, miner. Stoddard, John, miner. Stean, James, miner. Stean, William, miner. Stewart, John, brakeman. Stewart, Robert, miner. Stewai't. William J., Constable. Stewart, William, miner. Stewart, David, miner. Stewart, James, farmer. Stewart, Peter, farmer. Stewart, J., miner. Sterritt, William, miner. Stackett, Leonard, miner. Strong, Robert. Stevenson, John, miner. Stevens, Henry K., farmer. Stevens, John B., miner. Stanton, Alex, miner. Stark. John, miner. Sntliff, Thomas. Sutterly, M. IL, express agent. Sweet, B., clerk. Tagpe, William, miner. Taylor, Thomas, miner. Terry, H. C, laborer. Thomas, Sarah. Thomas, William S., miner. Thatcher, William, miner. Thompson, Evan ^\' ., miner. Tillburn, M. K., miner. Tisdell, ]?., laborer. Tilley, Josepli, miner. Talka, S. Frank, miner. Toval, William, farmer. Tomasie, Anton, miner. Toy. Nettie. Touhey, James, merchant. Trotter, Rol)ert, engineer. Trainor, Joseph, miner. Trosser, Frank, miner. Treman, Josepli, miner. Tracy, John, saloon. Tresiett, Lawrence, farmer. Tnttle, L. C, farmer. Tuttle, W., farmer. Tyler, Burt- Utley, H., farmer. Ill man, Virgil. Underwood, M. J., Mrs. Varley, Josei)h, weigh boss. Vangampiller, ILninah. Vandermerde, Enos, miner. Vacha, E., miner. Vacha, L., miner. Vandavoor, C., miner. Vandavoor, E., miner. Venango, Reuben, miner. Vignery, Gusalabice, miner. Vickars, William, miner. Virgnesy, G., miner. Vincent, Julian, carpenter. W^ay, Price. W^aid, Leonard D. Walkyard, Ann. Wanat, John, miner. Wandles, R-, miner. Watson, James T., miner. Watson, J.unes, miner. Walker, John, saloon. Walker, John, miner. Walsh, Robert, miner. Walsh, Thomas, teacher. Warrick, Martin, miner. Ward, John IL, plasterer. Welsaschal, Joseph, miner. Welschall, Frank, mijier. Wernigher, Eli, laborer. Wear, James, miner. Westmoreland, Thomas, laborer. Wheeler, Benjamin, miner. White, William, blacksmith. Whitfield, Cliarles, farmer. Wilson, David, miner. Wiper, James, miner. Winters. C. S., merchant. Willey, George, miner. Wilmott, William, miner. Williams, John li., miner. Williams, David, weigh boss. Williams, Gwen, miner. Williamson, John, miner. Young, George, laborer. Young, Thomas. Young, John, Supervisor. Zimmerman, Henry, miner. Zima. Frank, miner. 934 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: LOCKPORT TOWNSHIP. (P. 0. LOCKPORT.) Alexander, James H., farmer. Adams, Henry, farmer. Adelman, Christopher, mason. Adelman, Peter, Mrs., farmer. Allen, Chester, farmer. Anderson, A. S., grain dealer. Anderson, Oliver, laborer. Anderson, A. S., grain dealer. Arnold, jSIary. Arnold, Sidney Y . ; P. O. Joliet. Arnold, J. H., Mrs. Arnold, John W., merchant. Ashley, Morgan, farmer. Ayers, Nancy. Ayers, Mahlone, farmer. Aur, Anton. Bolan, Maurice, laborer. Bohle, Joseph, shoemaker. Burns, Lucinda. Burke, James, laborer. Bedford, John, engineer. Baldwin, D. C, carpenter. Baldwin, John, farmer. Boyer, Julius, quarryman. Bentley, Robert, clerk. Brown, Robert, carpenter. Baldwin, D. C., merchant. Baumgartner, Charles, mason. Brass, R. J., Byrne, Mary A. Bond, James, painter. Booven, Louis, shoemaker. Bradley, Wm., druggist. Bork, Henry, miller. Butler, A. C, clerk. Bacon, C H., physician. Baker, James S., carpenter. Barnes, E. V., blacksmith. Brown, Abraham, clerk. Burdick, A. S., painter. Baldwin, John, farmer. Bailjey, Wm. M., farmer. Bruce, James, farmer. Begley, John, farmer. Boger, J. A., Mrs. Brown, W. H., cari)enter. Burke, ]VI., laljorer. Bremborn, Mary. Bressel, Joseph, laborer. Bergan, Martin, laborer. Brown, Wm. H., carpenter. Boyle. James, cooper. Brown, Dolly. Brennan, Mary. - Bannon, Elizabeth. Brainard, Jolm, laborer. Brown, Morris. Burt, Emeline. Blessing, Frank, laborer. Backus, John, carpenter. Bowen, Ji., carpenter. Brown, Samuel, laborer. Berkey, Fidel, laborer. Blumel, Joseph. Burt, C. xV., Mrs., nurse. Bayne, James. Baumgartner, Louis, farmer, Boilling, Anthony, farmer. McGinn, Patrick, mason. Benton, J. W. Baker, James S., carpenter. Baker, James E., farmer. Beck, John, farmer. Burt, Wm. S., farmer. Begley, John, farmer. Bronson, Cyrus, farmer. Cammeron, Wm., blacksmith. Clark, Homer, trader. Clark, Barrett B., merchant. Confrey, Ellen. Craggs, Jolm. Calstrune, Charles, shoemaker. Cowell, Walter, farmer. Collins, Homer, farmer. Clay, Charles, carpenter. Carey, James E., laborer. Curren, John, printer. Curtis, I. B., agr. dealer; P. O. Joliet. Cox, Wm., carpenter. "Cook, Mary. Chaxell, Charles, musician. Conners, Andrew, laborer. Colwell, Geo., laborer. Crigne, Frank, blacksmith. Cronan, Joshua, carpenter. Confrey, Matthew, laborer. Cowan, Margaret. Chamberlain, S. S., furniture dealer. Casey, James E., merchant. Chattes, Mathias. Cheney. Wm., teamster. Coyne, James, farmer. Corcoran, W. W., farmer. Colvin, Charles. Culver, Amos, Jr., farmer. Campbell, H. C, carpenter. Confrey, Mat., laborer. Cook, Mary. Corcoran, W. W., laborer. Conner, Andrew, laborer. Corcorrin, James, laborer. Dunnigan, II. F., foreman. Daley, John, farmer. Daley, Daniel, farmer. Day, John AV., farmer. Donahue, Patrick, farmer. Daggett, John F., physician. Dieter, Philij), farmer. Dixon, Geo., painter. Donahue, Patrick, laborer. Dirmedy, Patrick, laborer. Dougherty, James, laborer. Donaldson, Felix, carpenter ; P. 0. Peru. Drymiller, Peter J., miller. Denton, James L., farmer. Donahue, James, laborer. LOCKPOllT TOWNSHIP. 935 Dougherty, Daniel, laborer. Deal, Potor, teamster. Deeming, ,7olin, car|)enter. Dallinger, Henry, farmer. Disburg, Emily. Day, Jefferson, teamster. Davis, Samuel Z., teamster. Dowse, Stephen, lawyer. Darling, D. II., teacher. Devitt, Mary L. Deeming, Arthur, clerk. Denton, .1. L. farmer. Dodd, Louisa M. Denton, W. J., farmer. Dayton, Susan. Dow, A. Z., carpenter. Doyle. John, teamster. Dow, Charles, cari)enter. Epper, M., farmer. Efting, Frank, farmer. Fiddyment, Wm., farmer. Esther. Geo. Ewen, A. J., merchant. Emery, Hiram, lumber dealer. Evans, Wm., manufacturer. Fitzpatrick, John, farmer. Flagg, Geo., farmer. Frazer, James, farmer. Eraser, M., weaver. Fitzpatrick, Patrick, farmer. Freehoff, G., Jr., farmer. Fouser. J. J., farmer. Frehoff, G., farmer. Felt, Clark, farmer. Foley, Thomas, farmer. Foley, John, farmer. F(»x, Osmond, farmer: P. (). Plainfield. Eraser, John A., farmer. Frazer, Mary. Flavier, Nancy. Farley, Thomas, blacksmith. Flarin, Catharine. Frankfort, Jolm, farmer. Flavin, Edw., saloon-keeper. Fisher, Leo, saloon-keeper. Eraser, J. D., farmer. Ford, Timothy. Farley, E. P., retired. Fay, Ann AV. Feilows, Frank, capitalist. Freeman, J., agent. Fisher, Mrs. Fellows, E. C, Mrs. Fisher, Wm. C., machinist. Finch, James S., grocervman. Finch, Elizabeth. Fleming, John, laborer. Fitzgerald, Catherine. Fleming, Michael, laborer. Frazer, ^Slary L. Fiddyment. W. J., farmer. Feunn, Wm. E., watchman. Fisher, Leo, saloon-keeper. Fredrickson, Charles, laborer. Foley, James, farmer. Freebury, Harman, lal>orer. Fry, Brvan S., plasterer. Frazer, John A., farmer ; P. O. Plainfield Gardner, Martin, farmer. Goodale, Clinton, farmer. Gitfon, John, farmer. Gaylord, S. D.. meichant. Giffon, Elliott, farmer. Greenan, Andrew. Geddis, John, butcher. Griswold, John, farmer. Geist, Samuel. Gorrey, Christian. Geddes, Geo., retired. Gooding, Lorenzo F., farmer. Glass, Catherine, Mrs., farmer. Gooding, Jane M., Grover, John L., nurseryman. Godfrey, JNIat. Gliner.'lsaac. Gavin, Penelope. Gleason, Mary. Gleason, Patrick, laborer. Galligan, Mrs. Griffin, John B., farmer. Geddis, Maria xV. Gregory, Frank, saloon-keeper. Goodeiiough, John W., farmer. Gleason, llugli, laborer. Hoffman, Elias. farmer. Hills, Ledger, farmer. Hills, Lavier, farmer. Harting, Levi, farmer; P. O. Plainfield Harton, Mary. Hasel, John, "farmer. Hanton, John, laborer. Hahn, W. F., farmer. Hopkins, Henry, farmer. Heck, John, retired. Harder, Frank, farmer. Hoy, Charles, farmer. Hardin. Theo., farmer. Haw ley, Warren, farmer. Haywood, James, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Haywood, Samuel, farmer. Hills, John, farmer. Hickey, Wm., laborer. Hawley, Debora. Hickey, Wm., laborer. Hickey, Daniel, laborer. Hawley, Warren, farmer. Hills, August, farmer. Herron, Albert, engineer. Haywood, Orpha A. Heck, John, retired. Hartwell, Elmira J. Hewitt, Newton, painter. Hopkins, Frank, merchant. llavwood. T. C., merchant. Hu'tton, John D., wagon-maker. Hern, Helen. Holden, Dexter, teacher. Harris, F. G., Postmaster. Ilartong, Frank, far.; P. O. Plainfield. Ireson. W T., grocervman. Jacobs, Anton, farmer. Johnson, E. S., butcher. Johnson, Ann. Johnson, Jacob, laborer. Johnson, Charles P., teamster. Johnson, Elizabeth. 936 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY Johnson, Peter G., laborer. Johnson, Jolin, laborer. Krowmeyer, Wm., farmer. Kirkliam, John, farmer. Kendall, J. W., farmer. Kopp, Ferdinand, far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Knapp, Solomon, Rev., clergyman; P. O. Joliet. Klinker, Michael, farmer. Kopft, Henry, farmer. Kanagy, Casper, farmer. Kinney, K., farmer. Keeley, Dennis, laborer. Kennelley, Daniel. King, Lawrence, laborer. Kerevin, John, farmer. Kelley, Eugene, laborer. Klenker, Michael, farmer. Karch, Michael, farmer. ' Keough, Wm., boatman. Klees, Wm. H., farmer. Kronberg, John, laborer. Kronberg, Charles, laborer. Korrall, C., liveryman. Koenig, Adam, shoemaker. Kornmeyer, B. C, tailor. Karch, Josephine. Karch, Michael, boat-carpenter. Kabliska, Frank, farmer. Kenney, Michael, laborer. Kennedy, John. Koskuska, Albert, laborer. Killner, Augustus, farmer. Larkin, Martin, teamster. Lizer, Joseph, mason. Lalley, Patrick, farmer. Lawrence, Hiram, farmer. Lowe, H. Lintner. Lena, Mrs., farmer. Lezer, Bartholomew, farmer. Lynn, Geo., shoemaker. Lowrey, Henry, baker. Lindsay, Ann. Lotz, Jacob, miller. Larson, John, tailor. Lees, Theo., Mrs. Lamed, E. A. H., physician. Langfear, Phebe. Lull, S. AV., merchant. Lyons, Wm. R., blacksmith. Lonergan, Simon, Mrs. Lyons, W. R., blacksmith. LoM'ery, Hervey. Lally, John, farmer. Levisee, Sidney A. Ivundalle, Fred K., laborer. Lundstrum, T., laborer. Lagraw, John. Lundstrum, Olaf, laborer. Laacy, Garrett, laborer. McDonald, James, laborer. McLeery, Edw., farmer. McGilvery, John, farmer. McCause, Francis. McWeerey, John. McGuire, Bernard, farmer. McGuire, John, Jr., farmer. McGorry, James, farmer. McDonald, Christopher, laborer. McFadden, Patrick, farmer. McDonald, John R., contractor. McNiff, J. McClintock, Joseph, farmer. McShane, John, farmer. McShane, Patrick, farmer. McDonald, Patrick, Jr., laborer. McN"ally, James, laborer. McWeeney, Rosa, Mrs., farmer. McCann, ilrs. McDonald, Terrence, teamster. McWeerey, John, farmer. Matthews, Samuel, gardener. Manley, James, laborer. Mason, H. S., farmer. Murray, James, farmer. Morrison, Michael, Mrs. Milne, Robert, farmer. Marvin, Legrand, farmer. Murphy, Daniel, farmer. Meeder, Louis, farmer. Mallon, Daniel, farmer. Mackin, John, laborer. Mageral, Charles, tailor. Miles, Mary. Maui'er, William, farmer. Murray, C H., laborer. Mallon, Daniel, farmer. Moran, John, farmer. Mason, H. S., farmer. Mason, F. E., Mrs., farmer. Miller, Charles, mason. Miner, E. W. Messer, Josejih, mason. Miles, Patrick, teamster. Meehan, James, laborer. Miller, Sophia M. Miller, Philip, gardener. Miller, Peter, carpenter. Manning, Wm. K., Mrs. Murray, James H., boatman. Mooney, William, farmer. Murphy, Thomas, shoemaker. Myers, W. S., attorney. Marx, John, tanner. McDonald, J. S., Editor Pikenix. Mershel, John, mason. Meacham, H. H. Mullen, James, gardener. Miller, Fred, miller. Morrison, John, boat-calker. Marks, John, tanner. Murray, Patrick, laborer. Milne, Robert, farmer. Martin, Patrick. Milne, James, retired. Miles, William, laborer. Mitchell, Patrick, boat-builder. Neeland, Samuel, farmer. Norton, George B., merchant. Neithold, Amelia. N^obes, Isaac, farmer. [N'orton, Maria L. Nolan, Thomas, mason. Nichols, Richard. Norton, Catharine. Norton, George B., merchant. LOCKPORT TOWNSHIP 937 Xorton, John L., prop. Norton's Mills. Needliolt, Cliarles, cooper. O'Conner, Tliomiis, teuraster. O'lJricii. 'Pimotliy, l)oat-l)uild(M-. OsLraiii. Mary. Ostk-r, Thoiua.s. luliorer. Olcson, Daniel, lal»orer. (Muart, AVilliain. Payne. James, farmer. Trior, Thomas, farmer. Paxson, A. C.. i'armer. Payne, Thomas, far. ; P. (.). Phiinlield. Powers, Lydia !>. Payne, James. Povenney, Owen. Pettigrew, Malvina. Peterson, Solomon, laborer. Preston, Isaac, insurance agent. Pemberton, Eliza. Prindle, Wni. M., wagon-maker. Parker, L. S., attorney. Platr. Thomas, farmer. Pitts, Cathei-ine. Peck, John, fanner. Piatt, James, farmer. Preston, J. B., P. O. Chicago. Quinn, Martin, laborer. Quincliell, Patrick. Rowe, William, carpenter. Randall, J. W., farmer. Robbins, William, farmer. Reynolds, ]Michael, farmer. Ryan, Thomas S., farmer. Ryan, Johanna, Mrs., farmer. Ryan, Lot, farmer. Ryan, Dennis, farmer. Riley, Cornelius, farmer. Ripson, H., cooper. Ragan, Daniel, farmer. Ryan, John, farmer. Reed, John, farmer. Ryan, John, tailor. Reed, William, farmer. Roljinson, Lyda, Mrs. Raber, Anderson, farmer. Riley, Patrick. Rafferty, N. S., merchant. Ryan, Timothy, saloon-keeper. Rice, Melissa, dressmaker. Rouse, William B., carpenter. Rose, Henry, P. O. Chicago. Rowley, Alfred, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Ryan, Dennis, farmer. Robinson, Lydia A. Robbins, Mrs. Riley, Pat, laborer. Ryan, Lawrence, boat-builder. Sanborn, Wm., farmer. Strong, Lorenzo, farmer. Smith, Geo. Y., farmer; P. 0. Plainlield. Spangler, Geo., farmer. Smitli, John R., farmer. Smith, Peter, farmer. Sclieibe, Julius, merchant. Smith, Jacob, farmer, Stowe, Wm. M., farmer. Shell, Micliael, farmer. Sly, Senaca, farmer. Sullivan. Michael, farmer. Sears, John, Mrs., farmer. Shuler, Ann. Swapp, A. Sears, John. Jr., farmer. Spiekei', FrecU'rick, lal)orer. Smith, Charles, fainier. Sterling, Ann, Mrs., farmer. Souder, Wendall, farmer. Sanger, L. P., retired. Seivert, John, farmer. Spangler, Frank, farmer. Stillman, O. W., farmer. Shrecker, D., mason. Shaw, Thomas, boat-builder. Spencer. Ruth. Smith, Saxton, boat-builder. Shields, Wm., grain dealer. Stiles, A. C., liveryman. Sciieibe, Julius, merchant. Schrecker, D., mason. Smith, Peter, saloon-keeper. Stone, Charles L. Schriber, Henry, blacksmith. Shuler, John, Jr., teamster. Stowe, Francis F., groceryman. Schultz, Wm., butcher. Sloan, Samuel, laborer. Sagar, Harriet. Sisson, Abigail. Shaw, Rebecca. Stout, Charles, carpenter. Sly, E. R., farmer. Smith, A. Boyle, retired. Starrin, Henry, carpenter. Sisson, Geo. W., trader. Stafford, Anton. Sullivan, Patrick, farmer. Taylor, Justin, farmer. Thompson, Andrew, farmer. Thomas, Wm., Supt. Canal. Thurston, John, laborer. Turner, S. S., carpenter. Tyrell, Patrick, laborer. Taylor, Henry, farmer. Thorn, Mary. Tyler, Francis, Mrs. Townsend, Anna. Turner, R. Townsend, Mai'tha. Tegstran, Erric, laborer. Taylor, Grove, farmer. Van Duser, Emeline D. Vanderwalkej', Victor. Voght, August, cigar-maker. Van Horn, John, machinist. Voight, Jacob, saloon-keeper. AVilliams, S. J., farmer. Wilson, Samuel, farmer. Wartzl)acher,Philip,far.: P. O.Plainfield. Ward. Daniel, farmer. Winkler, Fred, mason. AVohlgematz, ^Matthias, farmer. Wilson, Sarah, farmer. Ward, Edward, farmer. Worthen, I. P. II., farmer. Weir, Peter, farmer. Wills, H., cooper. 938 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY Whalon, Moses, farmer. Wertzenbach, Philip, far. ; P.O. Plainfield. Williams, Stephen, farmer. Wightman, Georiie, farmer. AVaters, Mary. Williams, Michael, farmer Waiters, Michael, laborer. Wallace, John, laborer. Wilson, Samuel, farmer. Williams, E. G. Ward, .Joseph, farmer. AVinke, Christian, farmer. Waldfogle, Benedict, farmer. Werner, Augustus, Mrs., farmer. AValfogle, Frank, farmer. Weivili. John. Walsh, James. AA'^inkler, Fred, mason. Whalen, Moses, teamster. AValter, Michael, merchant. Weeks, Geo., lumberman. Ward, Joseph, saloon-keeper. Weirsham, Joseph, n^ason. Wadsworth, A. .J., harness-maker. AVorst, Jacob, shoemaker. Whitson, M., Rev., Pastor Ger. M. Church . Woock, Adam, saloon-keeper. Whalon, Moses, teamster. Toung, W. C., gardener. Young, Michael, farmer. Yoker, Adolphus, agricultural dealer. Zimmerman, Robert. PLAINFIELD TOWNSHIP. (P. 0. fLAINFIELD.) Austin, F. E., farmer. Austin, Charles, farmer. Ashley, C., wire fence. Ashley, R. B., minister of Gospel. Ashley, J. R., wire fence, Joliet. Aultman, Cornelius, manufacturer, P. O. Canton, Ohio. Arnon, Lucus. Arbiter, Charles, farmer. Annis, Matilda. Aylesworth, Elmyra. Anglemere, E., farmer. Aster, .John, laborer. Billings, Henry, farmer. Burch, U., miller. JSralnard, S., farmer. Beckwith, Albert, farmer. Bliss, Allen, farmer. J3risbin, James R., laborer. Burch, Henry. ]3isIiop, J. E., farmer. Burshart, Peter. Burch, Eliza H. Jiurkstaller, F., mason. Burdick, Harrison, farmer. Burdick, Louis. Beggs, S. R., minister of Gospel. Bartholph, Gillian, farmer. Brown, James. Bolton, Hugh, farmer. Jiolton, H. M., farmer. Boland, Patrick, farmer, liarber, D. N., farmer. Brown, Elisha, farmer. Bingham, E., farmer. Brown, C, farmer. Bangs, R. W. Bartlett, R. F., Constable. Beggs, .James W., hotel. Bristol, C. E., farmer. Brogan, Emma. Brown, Charles, farmer. Bump, Jennie. Bond, George F., Mrs. Bennett, George, mason. Boyd,S. H. Burdick, Abigail; P. O. AVashington Ter. Bronson, Lucinda. Bowering, John, laborer. Burch, AV^alter, miller. Brown, Oliver G., farmer. Burns, John, laborer. Burrill, John, farmer. Caswell, George T., farmer. Colson, Judson, farmer. Corbin, Elihu, .Justice of Peace. Culver, Sorena, farmer. Corbin, S. Colegrove, L. G., farmer. Cain, W. H., farmer. Catchpole, farmer. Crittenden, G. N., merchant. / Caldwell, J. B., farmer. Cropsev, D. AV., retired. Caton, W. P., retired ; P. O. Joliet. Conant, A. E., farmer. Collins, James. Chase, E. T., real estate; P. O. Joliet. Carter, M. C, farmer. Cain, AVilliam H., farmer. Caton, J. D., retired ; P. O. Ottawa. Clark, AV. E. Clippinger, J. A., druggist. Cropsev, S., Mrs. Church, M. E. Corbin, Sarah A. Crouch, John, laborer. Countryman, Joseph, laboi'er. Collins, Harriet. Demeritt, Charles, farmer. DeJjong, I^enj., farmer. Dryden, Felton, farmer. Dice, Michael, fainier. I^evereaux, R. V., blacksmith. Dockendorf, Theodore, farmer. Dundore, P. Y., merchant. Drumm, Adam, farmer. Darr, Emma. PLAINFIELD TOWNSFIIP. 939 Drouden, Micliacl, iarmer. Droiulen, Joliii, farmer. Drew, Phebe. Darr, (ieorge, lai'mer. Douti, J. J^., nu'rchant. Davis, Delos W., fanner. Darr, James, farmer. Dailey, Jacob, retired. Davis. Josepii, laborer. Devereaux, K. T., blaeksmith, Evans, Milton II., farmer. Essinjjton, George, farmer. Everton, T. J., farmer, riajjg, Wm. 11., farmer. Eickes, David. Furgeson, Andrew. Folsom, E., ^Irs., farmer. Foster, La B^iyette, farmer. Fonser, Jacob, farmer. Fellows, G., laborer. Finch, Martha. Frasier, C. A. E., merchant. Frasier, Harvey R., merchant. First, H. C. Fry, G. H.', wagon-shop. Fellows, John F.. laborer. Foster, Lyman, retired. Flagg, George W., farmer. Flanders, J. R., attorney. Fouser, David W., farmer. Fouser, George W., farmer. Fiddyment, Fred, farmer. Fairbairn, John, farmer. Flagg, B. F., farmer. Frauenhoff, Win., farmer. Feddyment, Fred, farmer. Fellows, Geo., laborer. Fry, Jacob, farmer. Foss, Ij. T., farmer. Fouser, Jacob, farmer. Fouser, Henry F., farmer. Foss, L. T. farmer. Foss, B. C, farmer. Funk, J. W., livery stable. Fitch, Wm, Furgeson, Robert, farmer. Grundy, Samuel, farmer. Green, B. W., farmer. Greenwood, Wm., shoemaker Green, D. D., blacksmith. Green, W. V., farmer. Graves, R. B., farmer. Goist, Jacob, farmer. Goodson, Wm., farmer. Gardner, Martin. Goist, Samuel, farmer. Goist, Hiram S.. farmer. Goist, L., farmer. Goist, Albert, carpenter. Grant, Justus. Gibson, Michael, farmer. Gleason, James, laborer. Gillespie, Mary, (iilbert, E. AV., livery stable. Green, R. M., farmer. Ilahn, J. D., farmer. Hahn, Wm. F., farmer. Hyland, Granville, farmer. Hyland, E. N., farmer. Harbaugli. Isaac, farmer. Hagcr. .lonatliaii, iclired. Hyland. (Jranvillc I)., fanner. Hyland, Judson, farmer. Harshbarger, Geo. H., carpenter. Hick.s, Josei)li, farmer. Hemstret, Alonzo, butcher. Hartong, Ellas, farmer. Hartong, J., farmer. Hays, James, farmer. Heiss, Rolland, farmer. Henny, Isaac, farmer. Hess, W. S.. farmer. Harmon, Ann. Herron. Jacob, farmer. Harriman, C. II.. farmer. Harris, J., farmer. Hatch, S. S., Mrs., farmer. Handin, Harry S., farmer. Henon. All)er(, farmer. Harmon, Sheldon, far.; P. 0. Elwood. Hertzog, George, farmer. Hart wich, August, farmer. Harltaugh, Isaac, farmer. Hartranf t, E., farmer. Handin, Harry, farmer. Hoffer. George, farmer. HayAvood, James, farmer. Hyland, E. J., farmer. Hyland, E. N., farmer. Hiimlin. N. S., retired. Hyland. A. K. Hyland, Sarah E. Hertzog, George, farmer. Hall, W. P., painter. Hicks, James F. Hatch, A. J., shoemaker. Hatch, W., tinner. Hahn, J. D., farmer. Hartegon, Patrick, laborer. Hill, Hannah. Hess, R. B., farmer. Hoag, T. C., Evanston, 111. Harshbarger, G. H., carpenter. Heoffer, Philip, blacksmith. Jordan, Allen, farmer. Jones, Lydia; P. O. Detroit, Mich. Johnson, John W. Jacobs, Mary J. Johnson, AV. M. Jackson, Wm., farmer. King, T., farmer. Keen, James C., farmer. Kaps, Jolin, farmer. Koch, Eva. Kean, Wm., blacksmith. Kennelly, Daniel, farmer. Kune, S. S., blacksmith. Lang, Thomas J., farmer. Lawrence, M., retired. Luce, B., farmer. Mottinger, A. E., farmer. Mottinger, ( Caroline, farmer. Mottinger, John, farmer. Mottinger, S. L., livery stable. Martin, A. R., farmer. Moody, Mary L., farmer. 940 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Moss, Will., farmer. Moss, "W. F., farmer. Moss, Wm., Sr., fanner. Martin, A. E., farmer. Munroe, S. D., Mrs., farmer. Matl'er, Josluia E. Metcalf, Judith. Metcalf, Samuel W., farmer. Metcalf, August. Metcalf, Edw. H. Metcalf, F. H., farmer. Miles, O., blacksmith; P. O. Colo. Ter. Martin, Jesse, farmer. Monroe, Hugli, farmer. Martin, J. P., salesman. Miller, H., farmer. Morgan, Samuel W„ painter. McClester, Geo., carpenter. McElhoe, Martha. McElhose, Wm., farmer. McCreary, Joseph, farmer. McNeal, James, fanner. McClellan, John, farmer. . McCreary, Joseph, farmer. McCloskey, Alex., farmer. McClintoek, Joseph, farmer. McAllister, Edward, farmer. Norton, Harriett, fanner. Niver, Morris, farmer. Niver,Wm. M., farmer. N orris, F. P., farmer, Nixon, Robert. Needham, Charles, painter. Pratt, Samuel S., furniture. Piatt, J. W., farmer. Perkins, A. J., M. D. Parr, J. L., farmer. Pennick, James ; P. 0. Iowa. Perry, L., carpenter. Pratt, S. S., furniture. Richardson, Henry, farmer. Royce, Miller, farmer. Rathburn, A. O., farmer. Riclimond, R., farmer. Royce, Miles, farmer. Ray, Alonzo, farmer. Roberts, Harriet E., farmer. Ratliburn, S. R., farmer. Rott, Martin. Ryburn, David, farmer. Ryi turn, A. R., farmer. Rafter, John, farmer. Rafter, Patrick, farmer. Rauslij Peter, farmer. Robertson, Daniel, merchant. Rose, O. H., tailor. Roberts, Emma. Rhodes, Eli. laborer. Spangler, Joiuj, fanner; P. O. Lockport. Spangler, Samuel, farmer. Spangler, Z., farmer. Spangler, P. W., farmer. Sundland. Noah, miller. Simm, James, farmer; P.O. Braidwood. Smiley, James H., mereliant. Stratton, H., farmer. Shutt, Peter, farmer. Sharp, James, farmer. Scolield, William, fanner. Smith, John, farmer. Smith, Conrad, fanner. Sliarp, William, farmer. Schotield, Amos H., retired. Sims, Joseph, retired. Strattan, H. H., farmer. Sheffler, J. D., retired. Smith, George Y., fanner. Steigle, Cliarles, farmer. Smith, George, farmer. Sharp, Mary E. Shaw, E. E., farmer. Sciireffler, E. C. Smith, J. Q., farmer. Shaw, George E., farmer, Snowden, M. A., book store. Spangler, Adam, Constable. Snyder, Richard, blacksmith. Sennit, John, Postmaster. Schwab, Mrs. Scott, Robert J., carpenter. Stopp, George, farmer. Sloan, G. W., farmer. Tyler, S. B., farmer. Thompson, William, farmer. Tobias, F. R., druggist. Tyler, A. E., Mrs. Thompson, Thomas, jeweler. Vanolinda, Ira, merchant. Valentine, Daniel, farmer. Vinson, William, farmer. Van Horn, John, farmer. Vanderwort, R. M., farmer. Warner, William, farmer. Wood, E. J ., farmer. Wright, R. B., farmer. Wagner, John B., farmer. Wirtzbacher, P. W., farmer. Willard, John, farmer. Wagner, John B., farmer. Watkins, Eliza. Waltz, Nathan, harness-maker. Woodhouse, Charles W., M. D. Webb, K., wagon-maker. Wright, W. ; P. O. Greeley, Colo. Williams, S., Mrs. White, William P. Wraith, James, wagon-maker. Webb, Robert, wagon-maker. Wills, I. C, carpenter. Willard, John, farmer. Wagner, John B., farmer. Young, Henry. Zimmerman,!)., laborer. MONEE TOWNSHir. 941 MONEE TOWNSHIP. (P. 0. MONEE.) Albers, Hermai), laborer. Aliens, T., farmer. Allyren, Joliii, farmer. Alger. Fred, fanner. Arnold, Philip, farmer. Battling, Fred, farmer. Bartels, \Vm., farmer. Eatliman, Henry, farmer. Badenhaaj), Herman, farmer. Barlage, Jacob, laborer. BarteTs, Lewis. wagon-maker. Bawe, Moses, railroad foreman. Batzwald, Tlieo.. blacksmith. Becker, August, farmer. Behrend, Ernst, laborer. Berger, George, farmer. Becker, Chris. A., farmer. Beckman, Fred, farmer. Bischmann, Philip, farmer. Bischel, Christian, Mrs., farmer. Birson, John, farmer. Bischmann, Philip, farmer. Binder, Fred, blacksmith. Bischell, Jacob, farmer. Bischmann, Peter, laborer. Blesfench, Chris., laborer. Bohlander, J. P., Mrs., hotel. Jiootschiller, Henry, farmer. Boeser, Henry, farmer. Bold, Christian, farmer. Bothman, Henry, farmer. Boder, Fred, farmer. Bolander, Peter, farmer. Boehl, August, fai'mer. Bohlander, Peter, farmer. Borens, Henry, farmer. Bode, Fred, farmer. Bruns, George, farmer. Brunster, John. JJruno, B., farmer. Bruggeman, H. H., farmer. Busch, Jacob, Postmaster. Buchmier, Conrad, farmer. Buckley, James, laborer. Buchmeir, Charles, farmer. Buchmeir, Conrad, farmer'. Burns, Henry, farmer. Buclimeier, John, farmer. Buckhdltz, Fred, tarmer. Carding, Fred, farmer. Camp, Ilenry, farmer. Campbell, John, farmer. Cassens, Wilke, wood-turner. Chapman, S. W., farmer. Cleiiihammer, Charles, carpenter. Clechen, John. Clarins, Elias, farmer. Cooper, S. ^V., farmer. Conrad, Henry, shoemaker. Darnlie, Fred^ farmer. Daniel, C K., Rev., Bible agent. Dalters, Henry, farmer. Deitersch, Nicholas, saloon. Deidrich, Henry, farmer. Deablie, Fred, farmer. Deutsciie, AVilliani, farmer. Dinker. JiOuis, farmer. Dolgc, John, farmei'. Dunniiing, Heuiy, farmer. Easterbrook, Mary, teacher. Easterbrooks, L., real estate agent. Echman, Henry, farmer. Echmaii, Fred, farmer. Eicholf, Freil, laborer. Eichman, Fred, farmer. Eich, Ilenry, farmer. Eiskampf, Henry, farmer. Ellwing, Fred, carpenter. Filing, Fred, carpenter. Eldorney, James M., farmer. Engleking, Heniy, larmer. Engelking, Philip, farmer. Englenumn, Henry, farmer. Faige, August, carpenter. Fearn, Jacob, farmer, Forbosen, Charles, farmer. Freese, Eda R., express agent. Friem, Jacob, tarmer. Friem, Philip, farmer. Frobesen, Christian, farmer. Gains, A. S., farmer. Gettering, G., laborer. Geisch, Henry, farmer. Givrick, Henry, farmer. Gloor, Jacob, agent. Goos, John, laborer. Gorman, James, farmer. Gorman, John, farmer. Gorman, Adam, farmer. Goiman, Frank, farmer. Gothe, H., farmer. Golkin, August, farmer. Goodenow, Stephen, farmer. Gray, William, farmer. Graiss, Louis, butcher. Grewhagen, Curstin, farmer. Grupe, Fred, farmer. Grumberger, D., capitalist. Gutyrell. A., farmer. Harms, Hannah. Hall, Andrew, Jr., farmer. Hall, Andrew, Sr., farmer. Harmening, H-, farmer. Hahfeen, George, farmer. Haien, John, druggist. Haves, Andrew, laborer. Haltlield. Willielm, farmer. Halle, Henry, larnier. Hays, Andrew, laborer. Havne, B., shoemaker. Herbert, Christian, Jr., farmer. Herbert, Henry, laborex". Helhnan, Heniy, farmer. Hellmau, D., farmer. Heins, John A. druggist. Henry, Henry, farmer. 942 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Hinie, Henry, farmer. Hittendorf, John D., farmer. Homan, Henry, fanner. Hoffman, Ileiiry, farmer. Hoffman, Henry, carpenter. HoU, Andrew, farmer. Holme, Deitrich, farmer. Hohrman, J. H., farmer. Holiman, Henry, farmer. Holiman, Pliilip, farmer. Huslaum, liernard, farmer. Illyers, Fred, farmei-. Jordans, Gustave, saloon. Jounzen, E. C, teacher. Jariho, A., laborer. Jacobs, Charles, laborer. Kammeleline, August, farmer. Kaemer, Sophia, farmer. Kerchman, J., laborer. Kemer, Fred, farmer. Kerling, William, farmer. Keister, Christian, farmer. Keister, Louis, farmer. Keichter, H., farmer. Kettening, Gustave, laborer. Kettering, Adam, hotel. Kicter, Christian, laborer. Kline, August H., agricultural dealer. Kleinhammer, Crist, carpenter. Klernme, Fred, capitalist. Klein, Christian, farmer. Koch, Fred, farmer. Koerner, Fred, farmer. Kline, Christian, farmer. Klokow. John, farmer. Kollstedt, John, lumber dealer. Kolstedt, William, lumber dealer. Kolstedt, Charles, farmer. Kolstedt, George, farmer. Krabe, Henry, farmer. Kracke, Henry, farmer. Krase, Henry," farmer. Krenter, John, plasterer. Kragler, Fred, farmer. Kuhl, George, farmer. Kuersten, Sophia, farmer. Lange, F. G., shoemaker. Lawler, James, Mrs., farmer. Lempke, Charles, farmer. Lisbery, William, Captain. Lorney, Peter, farmer. I., far. ; P. O. Joliet. 18 946 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY. Eaton, Daniel, far. ; P. 0. Joliet. Eversoll, W. T., hotel, Elwood. Frank, LeAvis, farmer; P. O. Elwood. Fitzpatrick, John, farmer; P. O. Elwood. Faut, C., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Faut, C., Jr., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Ferguson, George, laborer; P. O. Elwood. Fitzpatrick, J., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Gockley, Levi, farmer; P. O. Elwood. Gebbler, fcjeth, farmer; P.O. Elwood. Grempe, M., farmer; P. O. Elwood. (Jay, Freeman, farmer; P. O. Elwood. Gakley, Abraham, farmer; P.O. Joliet. Grant, John A., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Grant, Margaret; P. O. Elwood. Gurnsey, George, farmei-; P. O. Elwood. Grant, William C., Justice, Elwood. Geftord, E., merchant, Elwood. Geft'ord, AV. W., merchant, Elwood. Gorkley, A., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Hemphill, James P., far. ; P. O. Elwood. Hemphill, Cyrus, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Hibner, James, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Hibner, F. A., farmer; P. O. Joliet. Hibner, John, Jr., far.; P. O. Joliet. Hibner, James C, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Hemphill, John, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Hemmer, Henry, farmer; P. O. Elwood. Harley, J. H., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Harley, Jacob, farmer; P. O. Elwood. Houghani, J., merchant, Elwood. Hemphill, J. P., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Hutchens, Wm. H.,far. ; P. O. Elwood. Henner, Henry, farmer; P. O. Elwood. Hoist, Nicholas, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Hemphill, Nancy; P. O. Joliet. Johnston, Henry, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Jackson, Delancy, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Kassabaum, Henry, far.; P. O. Elwood. Kirkpatrick, George, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Kinney, J., farmer; P. O. Joliet. Keir, James, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Kyrke, Edw., farmer; P. O. Joliet. Korst, Michael, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Keeler, Christian, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Kirk, W. F., farmer; P. O. Joliet. Kreimer, William, far.; P. O. Elwood. Kinney, George J., carpenter, Elwood. Kirkhamp, William, far.; P. O. Elwood. Keith, W. F., druggist, Elwood. Kavanaugh, John, far.; P. 0. Elwood. Kavanaugh, Mat., farmer; P. O. Elwood. Leopold, Anna, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Lyle, Peter, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Limebarger, George, retired, Eiwood. Lutz, John, far.; P. O. Elwood. Lengle, Henry, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Linebarger, A. J., far. ; P. O. Elwood. Lielilenwatter, J. J., lumber dlr., Elwood. Lyons, Michael, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Jjoyd, Bateman, wagon-maker, Elwood. Lowe, Stewart, laborei', Elwood. Lone, Leonard, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Lonebarger, A. J., far.; P. O. Elwood. Lonebarger, George, far.; P. O. Elwood. McFarland, William, far.; P. O. Elwood. McAllister, A., far.; P. O. Elwood. McClure, D., far. ; P. O., Elwood. McGourty, Charles, lab., Elwood. McFarland, William, far. ; P. O. Elwood McAllister, Hiram, far.; y. O. Elwood. McArthur, A. L., far. ; P. 0. Joliet. McDonald, Eliza, P. O. Elwood. Mayer, Sarah, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Mills, Casper, far.; P. O. Elwood. Miller, Wm. F., far. ; P. O, Elwood. Morse, W. C, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Moore, William F., far.; P. O. Elwood. Miller, David, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Moyer, Isaac, far. ; P. 0. Elwood. Miller, Phebe, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Moyer, Mary, far.; P. O. Elwood. Metz, Martin, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Muhling, W., carp., Elwood. Morenous, Jane, Elwood. Mead, John, retired, Elwood. Myer, Michael, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Mapps, Mary A.; P. O. Elwood. Maesser, Michael, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Meran,Owen, far.; P. O. Joliet. Miller, Wm. F., far.; P. O. Joliet. Noel, Gabriel, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Nicholson, Wm., merchant, Elwood. Nelson, Samuel, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Oshen. C J., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Prosser, P. A., far. ; P. O. Elwood. Palmer, Jacob, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Palmer, Jacob, Jr., far. ; P. O. Elwood. Palmer, John, far.; P. O. Elwood. Prosser, Abijah, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Phillips, James, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Palmer, Valentine, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Pensenger, Joseph, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Pinneo, Charles, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Penneo, John P. carp., Elwood. Pierce, Eliza, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Pensinger, Thomas, farmer; P. 0. El- wood. Poritz, A. A., harnpss-maker, Elwood. Pierce, Abraham, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Richards, Erastus, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Rodgen, Joseph, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Rudd, Sanford, far. ; P. O. Joliet' Ralph, Edward, far.; P. O. Joliet. Richards, David, far.; P. O. Joliet. Richards, David, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Rowland, Edward, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Russell, John, far. ; P. 0. Elwood. Ridge, Wm., druggist, Elwood. Riddins, Peter, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Reezer, Fred, far.; P. O. Elwood. Reeve, P., far.; P. O. Elwood. Rich, Wm., physician, Elwood. Russell. Nelson, scale agent, Elwood. Shaffner, Elias, far.; P O. Joliet. Stone, Henry, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Staffer, Mathias, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Shutts John, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Switzer, Casper, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Sing, Adam, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Spraul, James, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Steeler, Henry, far.; P. O. Joliet. Swedler, John, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Smith, Hiram, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Sunemeyer, Wm., far. ; P. O. Elwood Snoad, Henry, merchant, Elwood. FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. 947 Si)afford, K., Postmsister and merchant, Ehvood. Stine, Mary, far.; P. O. Ehvood. Spangler, Ilcnry, far. ; P. (). Ehvood. Spafford. (Miarles E., far.; P.O. Ehvood. Slu'rai), Francis, Sr.. far. ; P. O. Ehvood. Spotts, Hiram, far.; P. O. Ehvood. Smith, (tcorge W., far.; P. O. Ehvood. Streeter, Henry; P. O. Ehvoot■r-,^ liolu-rl, far.; P. O. Ehvood. Tea, Mark H., far. ; P. (>. Joliet. Trahv, Jacob, far.; P. O. Joliet. Williams, Jolin, far.; P. (). Joliet. Whetlh', Jacob; P. O. Ehvood. Wood, W. W., far.; P. (). Ehvood. Williams, H. G., wa^'on-makcr, Ehvood. AVilkins, ('. VN^, blacksmith, Ehvood. Wicks, Geo. C., scale aH;ent, Ehvood. Welkins, Charles, blacksmith, Ehvood. Wicks, Charles I)., butcher, Ehvood. Yoiuif;, Shelden, far.; P. O. Ehvood. Yake, Thomas, far.; P. (): Ehvood. FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. Allerton, A. M.,far. ; P. O. Mokena. Brown, Marlin, switchman, Mokena. Brookaneps, E. T., Bez, George, brewer, Lockport. Bradnsteidner, Godfrey, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Brummond, D., Jr., far.; P. O. Mokena. Brannan, Pat., railroad foreman, Mokena. Brummond, Deidrich, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Beckstine, Robert, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Bedstine, Henry, far. ; P. 0. Mokena. Buck, Christian. Breidert, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Bedstine, Henry, Jr., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Baumgartner, j, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Bauch, Phillip, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Bradford, 1). V., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Bettenhausen, Geo., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Bobsim, Christ, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Bettenhanr, George, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Behvard, Sarah, ]Moken.i. Belzine, John, far.; P. (). Greengarden. Bucholz, Fred., far. ; P. O. Greengarden. Branch, Philip, far. ; P. O. Mokena. jiowman, Charles S., saloon, Frankfort. Bookman, A. iiol/.iii, John, Frankfort. Block, Fritz., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Bock, H., harness-maker, Joliet. Bolzin, Fritz, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Baumgartner, .L, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Bechstein. Robert, far.; V. O. Mokena. Bumgartner, ]i., merdiant. Bauch. Jack, merchant, Mokena. Bock, H. P., harness-maker, Frankfort. Bauch, Phillip, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Bills, Minerva. Barker, Jacob, agr. dealer, Frankfort. Barkei-. A. 1?., merchant, Frankfort. Bo wen, James. Conrad, Adam, mechanic, Mokena. Cleveland, O.B., farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Conrad, John S., carpenter, Mokena, Capi>le, John, butcher. Mokena Clayes, L. M., tarmer; P. O. Frankfort. Cappell, John, drover; P. O. Mokena. Clayes, Charles, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. ClaVs, Charles, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Caliner, Peter, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Claus, .T., merchant, Fi'ankfort. Camp, Fred., farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Carstens, John. Calmer, Peter, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Cleveland, W. B., farmer; P. 0. Mokena. Churchill, Samuel, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Calmier, Peter, farmer; P. O.Frankfort. Carroll, James, laborer, Frankfort. Carpenter, A. B., merchant, Frankfort. Clans, L., merchant and P. M., Frankfort. Cagnier, F. L. t^laus, S., merchant, Frankfort. Caldwell, .Tohu, laborer, Frankfort. Cadden, Patrick, laboi-er. Frankfort. Camp,- Fred., farmer; P. O. Frankfort, Cappell, John, butcher, Mokena. Davis, Lyda. Frankfort. Diekman, Heinrich, far.; P. O. Mokena. Duist, Jolni. Dennis, Polly, Mokena. Droll, Frederick. Duncan, Owen, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Dussler, Henry, laborer, Frankfort. Ducker, James, merchant, Joliet. Doty, Levi, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Donahue, Owen, section boss, Franklort. Dody, Levi, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Dammaure, Henry, carpenter, Frankfort. Enders, ^f., farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Ehvortli. John, carpenter, Mokena. Endus, Matthias, farmer; P. 0. Mokena. Elwart, John, carpenter, Mokena. Eader, Mathias, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Erickson, John, laborer, >rokena. Eisenl)randt, Ernst, carpenter, Frankfort. Eisner, John, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Elwood, John, carpenter, AEokena. Enders, Micliael, retired, Mokena. Fuchs, Dorada, washerwoman, Mokena. Fink, George, farmer: P. O. Frankfort. Faisler, Michael, laborer, Frankfort. 948 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Fink, John, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Folkers, Johnson, butcher, Frankfort. Fink, Joseph, farmer; P. O. Frankfort. Fuchs, Julius, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Fuss, Peter, laborer, Joliet. Felton, A. M., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Farner, Simon, farmer; P. (). Frankfort. Felton, John P., far. ; P. O. Greengarden. Falls, A., farmer; P. 0. Mokena. • Frederick, John, Fell, Catherine, Frankfort. File, John, far.; P. (). Frankfort. Feil, Geo., far.;P. O. Frankfort. Fortmuller, V., far. ; P. O. Rich, Cook Co. Franer, Simon, far.; P. O.Frankfort. Fink, Fi-ed., lal)orer, Frankfort. Fo.\, Henry, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Geddis, A." V., farmer; P. O. Mokena. Gentrer, John G., Jr., Mokena. Garas, Leonard. Gunther, Geo., far.; P. 0. Frankfort. Getter, Fritz, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Gunter, Jerry. Grohne, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Geuther, John G., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Grohner, John, far ; P. O. Frankfort. Greissam, Henry. Granan, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Garrett, Joseph J. Harper, Cyntliia; P. O. Mokena. Houser, Georoe, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Haskins, Wm., far. ; P. O- Frankfort. Hohenstein, Simon, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Houser, John, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Henrichson, Fred'k, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Herscli, Cliarles, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Hunter, James, far. : P. O. Frankfort. Heine, Martin, saloon. Mokena. Higgins, C, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Hanson, George, far. ; P. O. Greengarden. Harker, Charles, laborer, Mokena. Holienstein, Simon, far.; P. O. Mokena. Hassengager. Fred, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Hunter, Joseph, far.; P. 0. Frankfort. Hunter, Jos., Sr., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Hunter, Daniel J., gr.iin mer., Frankfort. Holden, IST. P., physician, Frankfort, irossengager, Fred, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Hayes, William. Canal Captain, Joliet. Hauck, Andrew, wagon-maker, Mokena. Heirschback, Thomas, mer., Frankfort. Hiesence, Peter. Holdenabel, E., retd. far. ; P.O. Frankfort. Hunter, D. W., grain-buyer, Frankfort. Houk, Andrew, wagon-maker, Mokena. Hoffman, Pliilip, cigar-maker, Monee. Hunt, Mark, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Hildenbraudt, A., tailor, Frankfort. Heissing, Fritz. Hasenjager, Fred, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Heirschlack, Tliomas, merch., Frankfort. Hinricks, Ulrich, laborer, Frankfort. Harvey, M. A. Harker, Carl, laborer, Mokena. Hauser, AVenzel, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Ha(;kman, Elizabetli ; P. O. Mokena. Harvey, John, carpenter, Joliet. Jordan, S., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Jones, W. T> , far. ; P. 0. Mokena. Jaur, Claus, merchant, Frankfort. Jones, William D , far. ; P. O. Mokena. Jacobs, William, saloon. Mokena. Jones, Xoble, grain merchant, Mokena. Jringer, S. Jakobus, Herman, butcher, Lockport. Karch, H. J., far.; P. 0. Frankfort. Kadden, Kobert, laborer, Frankfort. Kirschner, Casper. Klepper, Jolm, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Klepper, Philip, wagon-inkr., Frankfort. Koener, Peter, far.^ P. O. Frankfort. Keniry, Thomas, far. ; P. 0. Mokena. Koester, Heinrich, labf)rer, Mokena. Koelm, John. far. ; P. O. Mokena. Knapp. Martin, butcher, Mokena. Kahl, Henry. Kole, Antliony, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Klose, John, far. ; P. 0. Mokena. Kohl, Samuel. Kares, Leonard, far. ; P. O. Bremen. Knapp. Christian, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Kohl, Dan, far. ; P. O. Mokena. I Kuhn, Erastus, far. ; P. 0. Frankfort. Knapp, Christian, far.; P. O. Mokena. Kernder, Fred. far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Kep|)a, .Tohn. Kleffer, Peter, cigar-maker, Frankfort. Knapp, Charles, far.; P. O. Mokena. Kuhn, Charles, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Karch, Henry, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Kraner, F., saloon, Frankfort. Kaisch, Henry J., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Koerner. Peter, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Knapp, John, butcher, Mokena. Komer, Peter, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Kennedy. T. T., liveryman, Mokena. Karscli, Heniy, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Kohehagen, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Karich, Henry I., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Logan, James, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Lewellyn, Thomas, far. ; P. 0. Mokena. Lauffer, George, Jr., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Lauffe-, George, far.; P. O. Hadley. Lewellyn, Patrick, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Lanfear, George H., far.; P. O. Hadley. Losan, W. H.. far.; P. O. Frankfort. Leflfler, Wendle, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Lies, Jolm, far. ; P. O. ]\Iokena. Letts, James, liveryman, Frankfort. Larkman, C.. far. ; P. O. Greengarden. Lorenz, Paul, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Lanike. Lewis, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Lelieman, Cliarles, far.; P. O. Monee. Leroth, Christian, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Lepin, John, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Lepiese, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Logan, Jas., retd. far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Leffler. John ; P. O. Chicago, Letts, J. K.. hotel. Frankfort. Lepla, Fred, shoemaker, Frankfort. Lowe, Henrv, laborer, Frankfort. McClure, Tlobei't. McArthur, A-. far.; P. O. Frankfort. McGovney, Eliiah, far. ; P. O. Mokena. McGlashan, Alex, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. McDonald, John, grain buyer, Frankfort. FRANKFORT TOWNSHIP. 949 McGoviiey, C).. 1'. M. and iiiercliant, Mo- kena. McKi'own, llujili, l)lacksmilli. Fraiiklort. Miller, John, tar.; J^ O. (Jit'ciifianlfii. Mocllcr. .Itx'liin, mason, ^fokciia. Moulton. M., mail carrier, Mokena. Miller, .laeksem, teamsler, Mokena. Malioney, ,lolin, laborer.. loliet. Mast. Jacob, far.; P. (). Mokeiia. Miller, Francis, miller. Mokena. Market. Fretl., Wilminj^ton. Maue, Francis, far.; P. (.). >[okena. Mart, r.,Mrs., far.; P. (). Mokena. Martin, Jolm, Jr., far.; 1'. (>. Mokena. Maue, Daniel, far. ; P.O. Mokena. Marti, Nic, far.; P. (). iMokena. Mernin, A. II., far.; P. (). Frankfort. Miclientlii)},', Uernard. Miller, Ceo., far.; P.O. Frankfort. Miller, Jacoli, mercliant, Frankfort. Maliler. William. .Martin, John, far.; P. O. Mokena. Muff, Martin, saloon-keeper, Frankfort. Miller, Frank, miller, Mokena. Marshall, Kollin, ret. far.; P. O. Mokena. Marks, William. Miller, Mary;aret, Frankfort. Miller, Helena, Mokena. Mettles, Wni., manufacturer, Frankfort. Menzel, August, mason, Frankfort. Mettler, Jasper, mfr., Frankfort. Michules, Fred. Mettler, Wm., IL, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Merwin, A. II., merchant, Frankfort. Nugent, John, laborer, Mokena. Xewman, John, far.; P. O. Bremen. Nettles, Henry, tailor, Frankfort. Niceranx, Henry, far. ; P. (). Frankfort. Nobles, R., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Nickeraux, Henry, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Netz. August. Niland, John, far.; P. O. Monee. Nickerman, Jacob, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Nettles, Henrv, grain mer., Frankfort. Olt, Christopher. Owen, W. 13., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Ott, Christopher, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Osman, Wm. E., wagon-maker, Frankfort. Ortwein, John, far!; P. O.Frankfort. Owen. J. L., far. ; P. O. Mokena. - Oatmein, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Oswell, Erhart, mason, Mokena. Paddock, J). W., retired, Mokena. Pierce, J. ]M., Dept. Co. {Surveyor, Joliet. Pelzer, Martin, Mokena. Parker. Ira, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Patterson, Jane. Petterson, Henry. Phillips, E. Reid, Maria, Frankfort. Reid, Alex., far.; P. O- Frankfort. Rabe, Christian, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Rost, Henry, far.; P.O. Frankfort. Ratkie, Charles, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Reitz, John, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Ralm, Charles, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Rit/inan, Chas., fhr. ; P. O. (Jreengarden. Ruggles, Lorenzo, Frankfort. \ Rabe, Heinrich, far.; P. O. Frankfort Hoi)zin, Charles, far.; P.O.Frankfort. Reitz, Philii), merchant, Mokena. •Scheferstein, August, furniture, Chicago. Stevens, Joseph, agent, Fraiddort. Stocklish, C., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Sanger, N. A., physiciaTi. Frankfort. Stone, William, retired, Orland. Sterling, Charles. Sandrick. Martin, lab., Mokena. Stephens. David, agr. mfr., Frankfort. Sallimaii, John, lab., Mokejia Schlal'er, W'm.. lab., Mokena. Sliul)ert, Andrew,'ret. far.; P. 0- Mokena. Swartz, John, Joliet. Stole, Conrad, merch.nit, ^lokena. Stock, George, lab., Mokena. Sutton, Thomas, bioker, Mokena. Scheiblick, C., blacksmith, Mokena. Smith, Conrad, lab., Mokena. Seining, Mary, far.; P. O. Mokena. Schwesser, John, far.; P. O. Mokena. Shiek, Ferdinand, hotel, Mokena. Schilling, John, far. ; P. O. Mokena.. Sclnvelsei-, J. (i., far.; P. O. Mokena. Schmnll, J. (r.. fai-. ; P. 0. New Lenox. Schenck, John, far.; P. O. Bremen. Schwezer, George, far.; P. O. Mokena. Shiek, Jacob, far.; P. O. Mokena, Smith, Geo., railroad foreman, Mokena. Sheer, Nicholas, far.; P. 0. Mokena. vSchilling, John, far.; P. O. Mokena. Stillwagon, M., far. ; P. O. ^Mokena. Schewesser, George, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Schilling, John, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Schnackpeper, H., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Sheur, William, far.; P. O. ACokena. Schere, Fred, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Scheer, Peter, far. ; P. O. Fraiikfort. Staller, Christian. Shoemaker, Henry. Schmackpeper, II., far. ; P. 0. Frankfort. Sehenk, John, far.; P. O- Bremen. Schlil)lich. Chris., blacksmith, Frankfort. Sanders, M. F..far.; P. O. Frankfort. Schacht, Henry, far. ; P. O. Mokena. .Shiek, Henry, far.; P. O. Mokena. Stiilfenburg, Peter, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Suutherland. J., wagon-maker, Frank'fort. Stitlin, D. F., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Schlothman, Chris. Staufenberg, II., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Sutton, Thomas, far. ; Mokena. Schrader, Diedrich. Scher, William, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Stige, Caston, far.; P. O. ^lokena. Schnltz, Henrv, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Scheer, S., Jr.. far.; P. O. Frankfort. Stiber, Henry. Smitii, Thomas, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Stasson, J. H.. far.; P. O. Monee. Stege, F., far.: P. O. Mokena. Shiek, John, far.; P. O. ^Slokena. Sheridan, William. Sheer. William, far.; P. O. Mokena. Schrodt, Henry, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Schiliick. Christian, blacksmith. Mokena. Stoll, C, merchant. Mokena. 950 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Seine, Martin, retired, Mokena. Schulertl), Nicholas, saloon, Mokena. St oil, Henry, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. .Slither, John, merchant, Mokena. Stellwagon, Phil, saloon, Mokena. Sheir, F., harness-maker, Mokena. Steiking, Carl. Schrader, Henry, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Stevens, G. AV., manufacturer, Frankfort. Sutton, Josepli, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Schrader, D., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Schoenherr, Fred. Stoner, AV". E., retired, Orland. Suttor, John, merchant, Mokena. Sciiubert, John, merchant. Mokena. Stetfins, Emanuel, Mrs. ; Mokena. Schsibuer, Fred., cooper, Mokena. Stones, W. E. Sehring, John, far.; P. O. Mokena. Stenhager, Joachies, lab., Mokena. Schlofer, Wm., lab., Mokena. Teels, Henry, lalj., Mokena. Turner, Abigail, Mokena. Thompson, J. H., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Thomas, J. H. Tivining, Hiram. Theil, Rudolph, blacksmith, Frankfort. Talmer, Bernard ; carpenter, Mokena. Thompson, N.AV., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Tonner, Piobert, blacksmith, Mokena. Ulricli, John, shoemaker, Mokena. Van Horn, AVm., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Van Horn, M., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Van Horn, Andrew T., far.; P. 0. Frank- fort. Valk, Paulus, far.; P. O. Mokena. Valk, Henry, far.; P. O. Mokena. Valk, Nicholas, far. ; P. O. Mokena. AVaunemacher, John, far.; P. O. Mokena. AVendle, John G., far. ; P. O. Mokena. AVaunemacher, C, far. ; P. 0. Mokena. AVeiss, Morris, druggist, Mokena. AVelschlier, Fred., far.; P. O. Mokena. AVarner, John, far. ; P. O. Mokena. AYarner, Pliillii), far.; P. O. Mokena. AA^erner, Gottlieb, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. AVood, H. AV., far.; P. O. New Lenox. AVilson, Wm., far.; P. O. Frankfort. AVeicherpflemining, Franz, farmer; P. O. Mokena. AVagner, L., far. ; P. O. Frankfort. AVelchlin, A., shoemaker, Mokena. AA^ood, F. W., far. ; P. O- New Lenox. AA^einman, G. A., furniture, Frankfort. AVishover, Henry, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. AVilson, Wm., far.; P.O.Frankfort. AViggart, Fredrich, gardener, Mokena. AA^agner, Elizabeth, milliner, Frankfort. AVestmiller, Chas., harness-maker. AVilliams, Clara, teacher, Mokena. AVerner, Geo., saloon, Mokena. AA^eber, M., mason, Mokena. AA^ishover, Henry, far. ; P. O. Monee. AA^ood, H. R. AVheeler, David, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Welchlin, M., shoemaker, Mokena. AA^erner, C. F., retired, Mokena. AVarner, A., wagon-maker, Frankfort. AVenzel, August, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Younger, N., watchmaker, Mokena. Zephill, Martin. Zaumstein, Louis, laborer, Mokena. Zohn, John, saloon, Mokena. DU PACE TOWNSHIP. Ayers, Henry, far.; P. O. Naperville. Ayers, M. B., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Anglemire, Emanuel, far. ; P. O. Du Page. Alderman, A., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Alexander, J. L., far.; P. O. Lockport. Andrew, F. H., far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Ashley, Morgan, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Brossnian, J., Jr., far.; P. O. Naperville. Brown, G. AV., far. ; P. O. E. AVheatland. Barten, E. A., far. ; P. O. Du Page. Barber, John, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Bishel, AVm.. far. ; P. O. Lemont. Boardman, Horace, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Brown, M. J., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Bosserman. Martin, far. ; P. (). Naperville. Bronson, M., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Blinn, John, far.; P. O. Du Page. Biggins, C, far.; P. O. Locki)ort. Biggins, R., far. ; P. ( ). I>ocki)ort. Biggins, James A., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Biggins, Owen, f;ir.; P. O. Lockport. Biggins, C, far.; P. O. Lockport. Biggins, Peter, far. ; P. O. I.,ock])ort. Burckhardt, Henry, far.; P. O. Lemont. Curance, Matthias, far.; P. O. Lemont. Chapman, M.; P. O. Lemont. Chapman, C C, Jr., far.; P. O. Lemont. Chapman, Charles C. ; P. O. J-iemont. Cheeseman, F. G., far.; P. O. Lemont. Cheeseman, T. Y., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Cheese, Elizabeth, Lemont. Clark, B. B., merchant, Lockport- Cilow, Robert, Clerk Circuit Court, Joliet. Derby, Charles, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Chapman, Wm., far. ; P. O. l>emont. Colegrove, L. G., far.; P. O. Plainlield. Day, John, far. ; P. O. Plainlield. Davis, Henry, far.; P. O. E. AVheatland. Dunlap, AVilson, far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Dixon, Geo., far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Emrey, Lewis A., far.; P. O. Du Page. Edelsburgh, John. Eaton, Norton, far. ; P. O. Du Page. Excelsior Stone Co., Lemont. Ephire, iMatthew, far.; P. O. Lemont. Farrell, Michael, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Fox, Augustus, far. ; JP. O. Naperville. Freeman, Robert, far. ; P. O. Naperville. DU PAGE TOWNSHIP. 951 Frost, D., luercliaiit, Naperville. Flukey, .IdIiii. lar. ; F. 0. Leiuoiit. Fenster, .lacob, tar.; P. O. Napcrville. Feirsteiii, Cliarh'S, far.; P. (). l)n Viige. Findliiy. Thomas, tar. ; V. O. Du Fajie. Finlaii, Micliael. far.; F. (). Lcinont. Flukey, Jolm, far.; 1'. (J. Naperville. Founti, Win., far. ; F. U. J)u Fage. Fitzgerald, Maurice, far. ; F. O. Leinoiit. Fhigg, G. W., far ; F. (). FlaiiUii'ld. Graves, A. 13., far.; F. (). l^eiiiout. Godfrey, Austin, far.; F. O. J-,eiiiont. Gordon, David, far.; F. O. Du Fage. Glover, John, far ; F. O. Naperville. Gall, John, far.; F. U. Lemont. (Jeorge, Mary; F. O. Naperville. Goudy, Robert, far. ; F. (). Du Fage. Hartranft, Levi, far.; F. (). Naperville. Herman, Matthias, far. ; F. U. Lemont. Hegg, Frank, far. ; F. O- Lemont. Hnlett, Frank, far.; F. O. Lemont. Holmes, ('., far.; F. U. Du Fage. Higgins, Chauncey, far. ; F. (). Du Fage. Hixssert, (Jeo. M., far. ; F. O. Lemont. Havens, Orson, far.; F. O. Du Fage. Hawes, Wm., far.; F. O. Flaintield. Hossinger, Andrew, far. ; F. O. Lemont. Jones, Owen T., far.; F. O. Plainfield. Johnson, AVm., far. ; F. 0. Flaiulield. King, Wm., far. ; F. O. Naperville. Ketchani, Levi, Jr., far.; F. O. Lemont. Kopp, Jolm, far. ; F. O. Lockport. Kilmer, James, far. ; F. O. Lockport. Killraer, Thadeus, far.; F. O. Lockport. Kickler, John, far. ; F. O. Lemont. Kirkhain, John, far. ; F._0. Lockport. Kelley, Michael, far. ; F. O. Lemont. Leppart, John, far. ; F. 0. Naperville. Laughlin, Wm., far. ; P. O. Lemont. J^ow, James, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Lambert, Frank, far. ; P. O. Du Page. Laing, .Stephen, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Lange, S. H., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Lord, Phillip F., far.; P. O. Lockport. Lambert, Geo., far. ; P. O. Plainlield. McCain, Joseph M., far. ; P. O. Du Page. McCain, Myron, far.; P. O. Du Page. McCain, B., far., P. O. Du Page. Martin, H., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Meyer, Lewis, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Martin, John, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Murphy, Jeremiah, far.; P. O. Lemont. Mather, J. E., far. ; P. O. Du Page. Morse, E. H., Mrs. ; P. O. Naperville. Morse, Albert, far.; P. O. Naperville. Morse, Edward, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Morse, Herman, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Musselman, Jacob, far.; P. O. Plainfield. Martin, G. 1}.; 1'. O. Lockport. Mottinger, Noah, far.; P. O. Du Fage. Pitts, Michael, far. ; P. (). Lemont. Rovce, Abner, Du Page. Kathburn, S. R., far.; P. O. Flaintield. Rayei-, Abner, far.; J'. O. Naperville. Royer, Abner, far.; l^ O. Naperville. Royer, Jonathan, far.; P. O. Naperville. Royer, Abner, far.; P. O. Nai)erville. Raihburn, N^ilcntinc, sliip'r; ]'. O. Joliet. Kay, Micliat'l, far.; Lcniont. Reid, Mattliew, far.; P. O. Du Page. Reardon, liicliard, far.; ]*. O. Lemont. Reardon, 'riiomas, Sr.. far. ; P. O. Lemont. Reardon, Thomas, Jr., far.; P.O. Jjcmont. Raunche, S.. far.; F. O. L()ck|)ort. Ratliliurn, 8. R., far.; P. O. Plainlield. Roiiiiison, ('. C., far.; P. O. Lemont. 8held(jii, Robert, far.; P. O. Nai)erville. Steward, Fhilii); P. O. Naperville. Sliuster, Martin, far.; P. O. Lemont. Schrohe, Henry, far. ; P. O. Nai)erville. Schultz, John, far.; P. O. Ijemont. Strause, Simon, far.; V. O. Naperville. Swartz, Elias, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Schall. Mary A.; P. O. Naperville. Strong, Jlobert, far.; P. O. Nai)erville. Susanhire, Charles, far.; P. O. Nai)erville. Studenroth, E., liotel proj). ; P.O. Naper- ville. Shuler, W. M., far. ; P. (). Naperville. Sprague, John P., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Scholtz, H., far. ; P. O. Naperville. Saul, John, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Studenroth, O., hotel prop.; P. O. Naper- ville. Steinhouser, A., far.; P. O. Nai)erville. Sheldon, Robert, far.; P. O. Naperville. Stanners, Thomas, J. P. ; P. O. Du Page. Sciirader, Joseph, far.; P. O. Naperville. Sampson, Jones, far. ; Du Fage. Sprague, T. J., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Staffoid, Enoch, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Sprague, C. A., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Simmons, Solomon, far.; P. O. Plainfield. Schonberger, John, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Schmidt, John, far.; P. O. Lemont. Shay. Thomas, far. ; P. O. Lemont. Smith, John, far.; P. O. Lemont. Tripp, Matthew, far.; P. O. Lemont. Tripp, S.. far. ; P. O. Lemont. Taylor, Henry, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Wringer, Joseph, far.; P. O. I^emont. Ward, S., far. ; P. O. Lemont. Wise, John, far.; P. O. Lemont. Wightman, J. P., far.; P. O. Du Page. Weaver, Joseph, far.; P. O. Naperville. Wescott, S. th, far. ; P. O. Nai)erville. White, S. L. ; P. O. Naperville. White, John S., far.; P. O. Naj)erville. Webster. David. Warren, Hiram, far. ; P. i). Nai)erville Walker. Wm.. far. ; P. O. Du Page. Warner. A. R. F., far.; P. O. Na])erville. Willis, Winright, far.; P. O. Du Page. Warren, Hiram, far.; P. O. Nai)erville. Walker, Jonas, far.; P. O. Du Fage. Wenihold. Richard, far. ; P. O. Du Pjige. Ward, Jolm, far.; P. O. Lockport. Ward, Peter, far.; P. O. Lockport. Ward, Daniel, far.; P. O. Lockport. Williams, Tiionias, far.; P. O. Lockport. 952 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: HOMER TOWNSHIP. Allerton, A. M., far. ; P. O. Iladlev. Allcrton, N. M., far.; P. O. Iladley. Brauer, John, far. : P. O. liOckport. J31ount, S., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Battenliunsen, II., far.; P. O. (rooding's (irove. Belz, John, far. : P. O. Lockport. Bronke, John, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Boyce, Simon, far. ; P. O. I^ernont. Bullin, Alfred, far. : P. O. Lockport. Bro(jks, A. B., far. : P. (). Lockport. Brown, J., far. ; P. O. Gooding's (Jrove. Jiliss, Lyda, far.; P. (). Lockport. Brook, S. A., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Bessemer, J. W., far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Brockley, P., far. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Bump, Lender, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Bentley, Robert, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Beaver, M., far. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Bowen, H. F., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Bump, J., far. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Bowere, H. P., far.; P. O. Lo'ckport. Beals, Joseph, tailor, Lockport. Burland, Maria, far. ; P. O. Loclcport. Brannkey, John, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Birch, Jacob, far. ; P. 0. Lockport. Bromick, .John, Jr., far.: P. O. Lockport. Butcher, Tliomas, far. ; P. O. Hadlev. Bettendorf, Matthias, far. : P. O. Joliet. Brinkerhoff, John, far.; P. 0. Lockport. Burch, Jacob, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Clark, Eichard, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Clark, John, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Cowles, Lucinda, far.; P. O. Lockport. Callalian, M., far. : P. O. Gooding's Grove. Cooper, T., far. ; P. O. Goodinff's Grove. Cashlin, C, far.; P. (). (Gooding's Grove. Corwin, Natlian, far.; P. O. Lockport. Colhns, Frederick, far. : P. O. Lockport. Cutter, J. Z., far.; P. O. Iladlev. Cutler, A. C, far.; P. O. Iladley. Carroll, Amos, far. ; P. (). Lockport. Corwin, Xatlian, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Corwine, II. T., far.; P. O. Lockport. Cowles, Lucinda L. ; P. O. Lockport. Collins, Fred, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Cole, Joseph, far.; P. O. Lockport. Collins, Addison, far. ; P. (). Iladley. Collins, Franklin, far.; P. O. Lockport. Covvell. Samuel, far.; P. O. Lock])ort. Colhns, Horatio, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Collins, A., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Clivens, Jane, far. : P. (). Iladlev. Churcli, J. B., far.; P. O. Hadlev. Chamberlain, O. «., far.: P. O. Iladley. Doilge, xiuson, far.; P. O. Lockjwrt. " Dodge, Amos, far. ; P. O. Locki)ort. Dry f us, Mendel, far. ; P. O. Lockiiort. Donahue, Timotliy, far.; P. O. Lockport. Davidson, Wm. G., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Daumm. (J., far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Dryf us, Wendell, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Dick, Petei-, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Dunn, Patrick, far. ; P. O. Locki)ort. Dunn, Geo., far.; P. O. Lockport. Dancer, Emily, far.; P. O. Hadley. Frank, J , far. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Fry, Theol)old, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Frisenniick, N., farmer; P. O.Gooding's Grove. Frazer, James D., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Frazer, II. V., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Fralich, Henry, far. ; P. O. Iladley. Gotts, Samuel^ far. ; P. O- Lockport. Gardner, Geo., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Gerlo(!k, C, far. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Goodale, Wright, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Gotts, Samuel, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Gaskill, Thomas, far. ; P O. Lockport. Gorhani, E. D., far.; P. O. Iladlev. Gorham. O. H., far. ; P. O. Hadley. Glives, Jane. far. ; P. 0. Iladley. Gillett, Isaac M., far. ; P. O. Hadley. Gorham, R. T., far ; P. O- Hadley. Gorham, Edw., far. ; P O. Hadley. Gorham, Elijah, far. ; P. O- Hadley. Granger, Francis, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Gooding, L. F., far.; P. (). Lockport. Gilman, Lewis, far. ; P. O- Lockport. Homerding, Nich., far.; P. O. Lockport. Hanks, C, far.; P. O- Gooding's Grove. Hostert, B., far. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Hovt, Romeo IL, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Hellerman, Geo., farmer; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Hammerling. Matthias, far. ; P. O. Good- ing's Grove. Hartwell, Levi, far. : P. O. Ivockport. Harms, Henry, far. ; P. O. Hadley. Hart, Peter, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Harman, James, far.; P. O. Hadley. Hatch, H. D., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Hemkmiller, Hans, far.; P. O. liockport. Halev, John, Jr.. far. ; P. O. Hadley. Homerding, Matthias, far. ; P. O- Hadley. Haley, John, far.; P. 0. Hadley. Homerding, Peter, far. ; P. O. Hadley. Haley, (^liarles, far. ; P. O. Hadley. Hammond, Job, far. Ingersoll, A. A., far. Jackson, I. L., far Grove. Jones, S. B., far.; P. O. Gooding s Grove. Johnson, Alex, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Jackson, D. G., far.; P. O. Gooding's P. O. Iladley. P. O. Lockport. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Kittering, Susan, Grove. Kittering, A., far.: Kittering, W., far. far.; P. O. Gooding's P.O.Gooding's Grove. : P. O. Gooding's Grove. Kuney, Anthony, far.; P. O. Lockport. Kooncliek, Frank, far.; P. 0. Lockport. Kol)liska. F., far.; P. O. Lockport. Koler, John, far.; P. O. Lockport. Kumesclieck, F., far.; P. O. Lockport. Kruger, Wm., far.; P. O. Hadley. Kimball, Wm., far.; P. O. Lockport. IIOMEK TOWNSHIP. 953 Klott, John, fill-.; P.O. Iladlcy. Kiiiulsoii, Charles, I'ar.; 1'. C). Uadli-y. Ivnapp, Selali, tar.; P. O. Lockport. I,ii(l\viii,u-, .]., far.; V. (). (iootlinix's CJrove. l.iimlay, Peter, tar.; P. t). J.tickiiort. l^uii,!j;e, Cliarles, tar.; P. (>. Lockport. liaiij;tear, J. S., I'ar.; P. (). J.ot-kport. LynU, Freeiuaii, far.; P. O. J>oekport. I.efjjy, Alfred, far. ; P. C). Jxx-kport. Laiitiifear, Win. H., far.; P. (). l.ockport. LaiiL^fear.deo., far.; P. O. Iladley, Looiuis, Austin, far.; P. C). Iladley. I.yiik, Zacliaiiah, far.; P. (). .loliet. Loouiis, Auslin, far., P. (.). Iladley. McGregor, Henry, far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. MeLanuidin, J)., far.; P. O. J^ockport. McJ.eiulding-, Frank, far.; P. O. Iladley. Miteliell, .lames, Jr., far. ; P. O. Lockport. Macauley, -Joseph, far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. .Munday, L., far. ; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Mallory, Patrick, far.; P. O. Lockport. Myer, Lewis, far. ; P. C). i^eniout, Meyers, Lewis, far. ; P. (). Lemont. .Mason, H. S., far. ; P. U. Lockport. Mitchell, James Jr.. far., P. U. Gooding's Grove. .Morse, Curtis, far.; P. O. Lockport. Milne, Kobert, far.; P. O. Lockport. Messenger, Horace, far.; P. (). Lockport. Matthews, ,lohn, far.; P. (). Hadley. .Morse, Wm., far. ; P. O. Locki)ort. Messenger, H., far.; P. O. Lockport. ^ Morse, Wm., far.; P. O. Hadley. .>Nesius, Joseph, far.; P. (). J.,ockport. Nichols, A., far.; P. (.). Gooding's Grove. Ott, Barney, far.; P. (). Lockport. Paddock, W. J., far.; P. O. Lockport. Prior, Michael, far.; P. O. Lockport. f\angburn, J>ouis, far.; P. O. Lockport. Peck, C, fai-.; P. O. (Joodiug's Grove. Paddock, (ieo. A., far.; P. (). I^ockport, Planka, Joseph, far.; P. O. Hadley. Paddock, AValter, far. ; P. O. Lockpox-f. Powers, Rogers, far.; P. O. Lockport- Paddock, Jeiome, far.; P. O. Lockport. Peck, A. 1)., far.; P. (). Lockport. Heed, G., far.; P. (). (rooding's Grove. Rowley, J. 15., far.; P. (). J^ockport. Reynolds, M., far.; P. (). Jjockport. Rulaiul, A., far.; P. O. Lockport. Re(;d, A. 8., far.; P. (). Gooding's Grove. Reed, Nelson, far. : P. (). Lockport. Rhine, Mary, far.; P. (). Lockport. Russ, .lolm, far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Reiter, Peter, far.; P. O. Lockport. Reed, Henry, far.; P. O. Lockport. Rowley, Phlneas, far.; P. (). Lockport. Renter, Peter, far.; P. (). Lock])ort. Rowley, Fred, far.: P. <). Lockport. Rinisella, Joim, far.; P. O. Lock])ort. Rowley, A. G., far.; P. O. Hadlev. Smitli, Herbert, far.; P. O. Lockport. Syler, Antony, far. ; P. O. Lockport. Saldenuan, Jacob, far.; P. O. Lockport. Sciiuyler, Austin, far.; P. O. (Jooding's (J rove. Smith, Joiin. far. ; P (). Locki)ort. 8ullivan, J., far.; P. (). Cooding's Grove. Schlayetske, Martin, farmer; P. O. Lock- I)ort. Sullivan, T.. far.; P. O. Lockport. Smith, Wm. G., far.; P. O. J.ockport, Siiopce, John, far.; P. O. J^emout. Sontag, Peter, far.; P. (). Lockport. Salderman, Jacob, far. ; P.O. Lockport. Stone, T., far.; P. (). Gooding's Grove. Straw'ley, F., far. ; P. O. (ioodiiig's Grove. Speriy, Geo., far.; P. (). Lockport. Simpson, Geo., far.: P. O. Iladley. Sutton, Ruth, far.; P. O. J.ockport. Schliff, Rud()li)h, f ar. ; P. O. J.ockport. Savage, Amos, far.; P. O. Lockport. Savers, Joini, far.; P. (). Lockport. Stilhvagon, ]SIartin, far.: P. O. Hadley. Simiison, A., far.; P. O. Hadlcv- Storms, Robert, far.; P. O. Hadley. Seifert, Lewis, far.; P. O. Hadley. Smith, Herbert, far.; P. O. Hadley. Searles, Frank, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Storm, Alex., far. ; P. (). Iladley. Snyder, Stephen, far. ; P. (). Lockport. Seifert, Christian, far. ; P. O. Hadley. Seifert, John, far. ; P. (). Hadley. Sandwich, Martin, far. ; P. O. Hadley. Stillman, A. M., far.; P. O. Joliet. Sharp, C. S., far. ; P. (). Lockport. Storms, Robert, Sr., far., P. O. Hadley. Storms, Robert, Jr.. far.; P. O. Lockport. Searls, Franklin, far. ; P. O. Iladley. Thomas, B. P., far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Townsend, Robert, farmer : P. O. Lock- port. Tilsa, Wm., far. ; P. O. Hadley. Towner, Mary M., far.; P. O. Lockport. Ulrich, Jacob, far.; P. O. Lockport. Van Duser, Geo., far.; P. O. Hadley AVagner, Alex, far. ; l^ O. liockport. AVarren, Nicholas, far.: P. O. Lockport. Willming, Bernhart, far. ; P. O. Gooding's (irove. Wiltenkeller, A., far.; P. O. Lockport. AVallel, J., far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. AVeiidling, Blaze, far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Wendling, Louis, far.; P. 0. Lockport. Witenkeller, J., far.; P. O. Lockport. Ward, Geo. H., far.; P. O. Lemont. Wilson. Samuel, far.; P. O. Locki)ort. AVilmere, Bernard, far.; P. O. Lockjiort. AVeiss, Peter, far. : P. (). Gooding s Grove. AV alter. M., far.; P. O. Lockport. AVetter, N., far.; P. 0. Gooding's Grove. AVebster, Ilenrv, far. ; P. O. Lockport. AVagner, A., far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. AVills, Kli/.a, far.; P. (). Lockport. AVhite, Robert, far.; P. O. Lockport. AVilliain, Jo.seph, far.; P. (). Lockport. AVells, N. C, far.; P. (). Lockport. Youngler, Bernard, far.; P. O. Gooding's Grove. Youngler, Bernard, farmer; P. O. Lock- port. Zimmers, M.,far. : P. O.Gooding's Grove. 954 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: WHEATLAND TOWNSHIP. Annis, Matilda ; P. (). Flaiiifit'ld. Brossman, Jacob, far. ; P.O. Naperville. Boardman, F., far. ; P. O. East Wlieatland. Bratoii. Caroline ; P. O. Naperville. Baisch, Jacob, far.; P. (). Naperville. Boughton, Mary L. ; 1'. ( ). E. Wheatland. Bougliton, W. D., far. ; P. (). E. Wheatland. Baiscli, Christian, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Book, John, Mrs. ; P. U. Naperville. Biukett, Daniel, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Brown, Geo. W., far.; P. O.E.Wheatland. Bapp, Wm., far. ; P. O. Naperville. Baisch, Godfrey, far. ; P. O. Tamarack, Boss, Geo., far.; P. O. Plaintield. Book, Peter, tar. ; P. O. Tamarack. Brown, Alex. G., far.; P. 0. Tamarack. Burnett, Thomas, far.; P. O. Tamarack. Barclay. J., far.; P. O. East Wheatland. Barbour. John, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Burch, E. H., far. ; P. O. Plaintield. Cramer, Jacob, far.; P. O. Aurora. Chase, A. P., far.; P. O. Aurora. Clow. James, far. ; P. O. East Wheatland Clow, J. H.. far.; P.O. East Wheatland. Clow, T., far.; P. O. East Wheatland. Cutton, A. R., far.; P. O. Tamarack. Catchpole, Daniel, far. ; P. O. Plainlield, Catchpole, David, far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Catton, Wm., far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Cotton, A. B., far.; P. O. Tamarack. Cropsy, J. H., far.; P. O. Plainlield. Chaplin, James, far. ; P. O: Tamarack. Cropsey, J. H., far.; P. O. Plainfield. Colgrove, L. G., far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Doyle, Wm.. far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Davis, G. W., far.; P. O. East Wheatland. Deliers, G., far. ; P. O. Aurora. Deliers, W.. far.; P. O. Aurora. Dermeth, Jolm. far.; P. O. Tamarack. Dow. John, far.; P. O. East Wheatland. Dow% Colvin, far.; P. O. East Wheatland. Day, Wm., far.; P. 0. Plainfield. Dague, David, far. : P. O. East Wheatland. Denan. Thomas, far. ; P. O. Nai)erville. Davis, W. L.. far.; P. O. East Wheatland. Dunlap.G. W., far.; P. O. Plainfield. Eichelberger. John, far. ; P. 0. Naperville. Eichelbei-ger, Emma ; P. O. Plainfield. Eye]-, Jacob, far.; P. O. Plainfield. Eldridge. George, far.; P. (). Tamarack. Fisher, Jacob P., far.; P. O. Aurora. Fisher, John, n., far.; P.O. Aurora. Fisher, Micliael, far.; P. O. Naperville. Freise, Chi-istiau, far.; P. O. Nai)erville. Findley, Marv; P. O. Tamarack. Findk-y, Stephen, far.; P. O. Tiimarack. Furgeson, Andrew, far.; P. O. Tamarack. Fry, David, far.; P. O. Plainfield. Fazee. Michael, far.; P. O. E. Wheatland. Fry, Zachariali, far.; P. O. Plainfield. Freeland, A., far.; P. (). E:ist Wheatland. Findley, Thomas, far.; P. O. Tamarack. Frazer, S. B., far.; P. O. Plainfield. Findley, Marv ; P. O. Tamara(!k. ■George, Wm., far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Grabe, John, far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Glavy, P., far.; P. O. East Wheatland. Grabe. John, far.; P. O. Naperville. Gensert, Fred., far.; P. O. Plainfield. Grill, Samuel, far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Gilmore, J.,Sr.. far.; P. O. Tamarack. Gray, Walter, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Hossenrichter, G., far.; P. O. Naperville. Hobson, John, far.; P. O- Naperville. Hene, John. Hossenrichter, J., far.; P. O. Tamarack. Haywood, Ansel, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Hoag, Leonard, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Harvey, Alex., far.; P. 0. Tamarack. Hoag, Leonard, far. ; P. O. Aurora. Holdman, Daniel, Mrs.; P. O. Tamarack. Hartronft, E., far. ; P. O. Nnperville. Hertzog, Geo., far.; P. O. Plainfield. Hertzog, Geo., Jr., far. ; P. O. Plainfield Jones, Asa G., far.; P. O. Plainfield. Jameson, A. H., far.; P. O. Plainfield. King, Thomas, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. King, W., farmer; P. O. East Wheatland. Kinley, C, farmer; P. O. Tamarack. Keynon, .Tobn, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Kanagg, John M., far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Kemmerer, Lewis, far.; P. O Naperville, liOmbard, John, far.; P. O. Aurora. Lippart, John, far. ; P. O. Aurora. Lantz, John P., far. ; P. O. Naperville. Lantz, Isaac V., far. ; P. O. Naperville. Leppart, George, far. ; P. O- Aurora. Lippart, John, Jr., far. ; P. O- Aurora. Love, Jacob, farmer ; P. O. Tamarack. Meyer, Lewis, far. ; P.O. E. Wheatland. Matter, Abraham, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Mussey, Henry, far. ; P. O- Aurora. Meyer", Elias. far. ; P. O- East Wheatland. Malcolm, John, farmer; P. 0. Tamarack. Mather, J. E., far. ; P. O. East Wheatland. Mather, Jonathan, far.; P. O. E. Wheat- land. Mather, Ed., far. ; P. O. E. Wheatland. Malcolm, Andrew, far.; P. O. Tamarack. Mottinger, Lewis, far.; P. O. Plainfield. McMicken, John, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Neis winter, Joseph, far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Nisewender, Jos., far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Otta, Catliarine; P. O. Naperville. Oaks, Henry, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Patterson, Andrew, far.; P. O. E.Wheat- land. Pilcher, Fred K.,far.; P. O. Tamarack. Palmer, Matthew, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Peidlew, Julius, far.; P. O. Aurora. Patterson, D., far.; P. O. E. Wlieatland, Patterson, J., far. ; P. O. E. Wheatland. Patterson, Thomas, far.; P. O. E. Wheat- land. Patterson, M., far.; P. O. E. Wheatland. Roger, Jonatlian, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Bobbins, John, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Robbins, Fitz J., far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Rank, Samuel, far. ; P. O. Plainfield. Robbins, Sarah; P. O. Tamarack. NEW LKNOX TOWNSHIP 955 lliiv, Aloiizo, far.; P. 0. Plaiiilicld Shaffer, Christian, far.; V. O. Plainru'ld. Siiinnons, S., far.; P. O. Phiinlifhl. Scott, \V., far.; P. O. Tamarack. Sclieapp, 1.., far.; P. (). K. ^Vll(•athuul. Stark, ,Iao()l), far.; P. O. Najx-rviUe. Shoal, Cliristian, far.; P. O. Naiu'rville. Shoffer, Michael, far. ; P. O. E. Wheat- land. Smith, Fred, far. ; P. O. Naperville. Smith. Joini, far.; 1'. O. Najtcrville. Slick, Daniel, far.; P. (). Xaperville. Slick, Henrv, far.; P. O. Naperville. Stark. Israel C. far. ; P. O. Xaiierville. Spauldinu, Jacob, far.; P. (). Plainfield. Stewart, Thomas, far.; P. O. Tamarack. Sillar, Thomas, far.; P. O. Tamarack. Sillar, Rali)h, far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Stark, Wm., Jr., far. : P. O. Naperville. Tvler, S. B., far.: P. 0. Plainfield. Thomas, A. S., far.; P. O. E. Wheatland. Thompson, Wm., far.; P. (). Plainfield. Tliompson. Ale.x.far. ; P. O. Tamarack. Thompson, Adam, far.; P. (). K. Wheal- land. Varley. Thomas, far.; P. (). Plainfield. Wolf, John, far.; V. O. 'I'amai.u^k. Weaver, Saninel, far.; P. (). Naperville. Westi)hell, Henry, far.; P. (). E. Wheat- land. Wise, Adam, far.; P. (). Xai)erville. Webster, David, far. ; P. (). Iv Wiicatland. Watson, Alex., far.; P. O. Tamaiatk. Wolf, Amos, far.; P. O. Naperville. AVilson. Wni., far.; P. O. Tamarack. W^ijihtman, C, farmer; P. (). Phiinfield. Wheeler, Geo. AV. A., far.; P. O. Tama- rack. 1 Wetzley,rriM.,far.; P.O. E. Wheatland. NEW LENOX TOWNSHIP. Allerton, Archibald, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Angall, A. A.; P. (). Mokena. Artwein, Jolui, far.; P.O. Spencer, xihlschlager Chris., far. ; P. O. Spencer. Ahlschlager, Chris., far. ; P. O. Spencer. Brundy, A., Mrs. ; P. O. Spencer. Bliss, Abel, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Bannon, James, far. : P. <). Joliet. Bannon, Maria; P. O. Joliet. Bouck, Philijt, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Bundy, A. S., Mrs. ; P. O. Spencer. Barney, Vincent, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Berf^er, Thos. !>., far. : New Lenox. Baldwin, J., far.; P. 0. Joliet. Brown, Geo., far.; P. O. Joliet. Bliss, Abel, far. ; New Lenox. Baker, William ; P. O. Mokena. Benter, Chris., far.; P. 0. Spencer. Bartie, Charles, Jr., far.; P. O. Joliet. Bartie, Charles, Sr., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Beebe, Albert W., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Banch, Jacob, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Chambei-lin, O.S., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Cooper, Thos., far. : P. O. New Lenox. Cooper, N. P., far.; P. O. Joliet. Culbertson, Thomas, far. ; P. O. Joliet. (^hittenden, 11. R. Crager, John, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Cross, Peleg, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Cleveland, Leroy. far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Cmniingham, James, far ; P. O. Spencer. Campbell, M. B., mail carrier; P. O.New Lenox. Criddle, Sarah ; P. O. New Lenox, (•ondon, John; P. O. Joliet. Doig, Tiiomas, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Dibbell, J. B., Rev., Baptist minister; P. O. Iladley. Doig, Alexander, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Doxtader, J., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Dall, Jonathan, far.; P. O. Mokena. Delanev, Richard, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Delanev, P.; P.O. Joliet. Delaney, Ellen, P. O. Joliet. Evarts, John, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Francis, A. Allen, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Francis, John, farmer; P. O.New Lenox. Francis, Geo. L., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Francis, Charles, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Ferguson, Thos., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Fellows, W. E., blacksmith; P. O. New Lenox. Felter, J. J., farmer ; P. O. Joliet. Gerigan, Catharine; P. O. Joliet. Granger, Alonson, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Gorman, Ed. E., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Goughar, John, far.; P. O. Joliet. Gouger, Daniel, far.; P. O. New Lenox. Gouger, Jos. E., far.; P. O. New Lenox. Gouger, Wm., Jr.. far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Gillett, L M., far. ; P. O. Spencer. Grant, Albert, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Greenwood, George G., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Greenwood, Aaron ; P. O. Mokena. Gordon, Moses, farmer. Hammond. Seneca, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Hooker, Helen M., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Harper, Josei)h, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Higinbotham, IL O.; P. O. Chicago. Hunt, Mark, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Harper, James, Mrs., far.; P. O. Mokena. Hine, Samuel TL. farmer: P. O. Mokena. Haven, Dwight. farmer; P. O. Spencer. Haven, A. S.. far.; P. O. New Lenox. Hilton, Geo., merchant : P. O. New Lenox. Homer, Peter, farmer: P. O. Joliet. Halev, Thomas, far.; P.O. New Lenox. Haines. T. J., far.; P. O. New Lenox. Holmes. J. S., merchant; P. O. Spencer. Holme.s, M. P.. merchant; 1'. O. Spencer. Holmes. James, far. ; P. O. Spencer. 95t) REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Iluffinan, Mary; P- O. New Lenox. Ilaveu, Dwigrlit, far.; P. O. Spencer. Ilogan, Dennis, far. ; P. (). Spencer. Hunt. George, farmer; P. O. Spencer. Higinbotliani, II. N.; P. O. Chicago. Hunt, M. C., farmer; P. O.Spencer. Hilton, G. S., merchant ; P. O. Spencer. Hill, S., carpenter; P. (). New Lenox. -Jones, Eobt., farmer; P. O. Joliet. .Jordan, E. L., fanner; P. O. Mokena. Jorfhin, Elias L., farmer; P. (). Mokena. -Jones, Thos., farnier; P. (). New Lenox. Kofter, James, farmer: P. (). Spencer. Kohler, John, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Kapper, Jos., far.; P. O. Spencer. Kellogg, M. II., farmer ; P. O. New Lenox. Kester, Michael, fanner; P. O. Joliet. Kestel, Geo., farmer; P. O. Joliet. Kavanaugh, Patrick, fai-. ; P. O. Joliet. Knickerbocker, AVard, merchant; P. O. New Lenox. Kinckerboclcer, M., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Klass, John, farmer; P. O. Mokena. Kerchval, ('has., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Krult, Fred M. ; P. O. Spencer. Kerchval, James, jMrs., far. ; P. 0. Joliet. Lewis, Cyrus A., farmer; P. O. Joliet. Lewis, Gordon, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Lewis, C. A , farmer ; P. O. Joliet. Lewis, Cyrus, farmer; P. O. New Lenox. Lynk, T., merchant ; P. (). New Lenox. Lynk, Staton, far.; P. (). Joliet. Lynk, Sylvan us, far. ; New Lenox. Link, Stanton, farmer. LaAvler, Michael, farmer; P. O. Joliet. McCarty, Michael, farmer; P.O. Spencer. McGrath; Mary, far. ; P. O. NeAv Lenox. McGovney. AVm., far. ; P. O. Mokena. McGovjiey, W. W., far.; P. O. Mokena. McGinnis, Felix, far.; P. O. New Lenox. McLane, Edward, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. McLaughlin, John, far.; P. O. Joliet. McLaughlin, Dudley, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Messenkunck, Fred., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Mather, E. S., far. : P. O. Mokena. Marshall, C. H., far.; P. O. Mokena. Mast, Joel, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Marshall, Rollins, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Mast, Jacob, far.; P.O. Joliet. Mather, S. E., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Marshall, Griffith, far. ; P. 0. Mokena. M(mtay, Charles, far.; P. O. Mokena. Maw, Christ, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Muri)liy, James, far.; P. O. Spencer. Morris, Henry, blacksmith. New Lenox. Nobles, Elisha, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Nofes, Joseph, farmer. Osrems, Charles, far.; P. O. New Lenox. Pelkey, Edward, retired. New Lenox. Pitts, John, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Paul, AV. M., farmer. Phillijjs, James, far.; P.O. New Lenox. Piiillips, John, far.; P. O. New Lenox. Pink, Wm., far.; P. O. Spencer. Pease, Orvil, far.; P. O. New Lenox. Pester, John, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Keynolds, John M., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Reynolds, John, far. ; P. O. ^lokena. Revnolds, Isaac, far.; P. O. New Lenox. Reynolds, J. S., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Reynolds, Joseph, far. ; New Lenox. Richards. Isaac, far.; P. O. Joliet. Ryan, James, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Reipin, John, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Robinson, Frank, far.; P. O. Joliet. Raney, E. C., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Rudd, Sarah, Joliet. Storms, Alex, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Storms, John, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Storms, AV., far. ; P. O. Mokena. Storms, James, far.; P. O. Mokena. Staley, H. M., far. ; P. i). Mokena. Sheik, Ferdinand, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Snoad, Charles, far. ; I*. O. Joliet. Shaffner, Levi, Joliet. Short,AVm.A.,Mrs., far. ; P.O.New Lenox. Smith, L. F., far.; P. O. New Lenox. Smith, Andrew, far.; P. O. New Lenox. Sass, Henrv, blacksmith, New Lenox. Searls, Franklin, far.; P. O. Halley. Schorp, Chris, far. ; P. O. Spencer ."^ Spaulding, Leonard, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Stime, Henry, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Schorp, Chris, far.; P. O. Spencer. Schorp, John, far. ; P.O. Spencer. Schmool, Henry, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Simmons, Harriet, New Lennox. Shafner, Henry, far^ ; P. O. Joliet. Schrader, Henry, far.; P. O. New Lenox. Seward, Calvin ; P. O. Joliet. Strattman, H.. far. ; P. O. N<'w Nenox. Salisbery..T. B.. butter-ndcr.. New Lenox. Schuevoi, Henry, far.; P. O. Spencer. Schwarz, Menzel, far.; P. O. Mokena. Stevens, David, farmer. Thompson, John M., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Thieland, Frederick, far. ; P. O. Mokena. Tuck, AA^ hi., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Udort, Francis, far.; P. O. Joliet. Urch, Heniy, laborer, New Lenox. Vass, Henry, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Van Duser, Geo., far.; P. O. New Lenox. Warner, Chas. F., far.; P. O. New Lenox. AVeeks, C H., far.; P. O. Joliet. AA'^amremacher, John, far.; P. O. Mokena. AVamremaclier, C., far. ; P. O. Mokena. AVerner. George, far. ; P. O. Mokena. AVelch, James, far. ; P. O. Spencer. AA^agner, Ph:lip, far.; P. O. New Lenox. AA'ilson, AV. C, far.; P. O. Spencer. AVelch, Michael, far. ; P. O. Spencer. AA''eston, A. D., far.; P. O. New Lenox. AVlieeler, Margaret, Joliet. AA'altz, J. J., far.; P. O. Spencer. AVatkins, David. AVatkins, Morgan, far. ; P. O.New Lenox AVatkins. John, far.; P. O. New Lenox. AVillis, I. B., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. AVood, F. AV., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. AVarren, Harriet, New Lenox. GRRNGARDEN TOWNSHIP. 957 CREENCARDEN TOWNSHIP. Alireiis. Charles, fanner: P. (). Monee. Andrews, Wni., far.; P. (). Frankfort. Andrew, G., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Alhreolit, John, far.; P.O. Monee. Bettenhansen, ('., far.: P. (). Frankfort. Bettenhaiisen, (i., far. ; P. (). Frankfort. Block. Fred, far.; P.O. Frankftut. Buclnnire, Maria, far.; P. O. Monee. Brocknian, Fred, far.; P. (). Monee. Bock, Lonis, far.; P.O. Frankfort. Block, Wm., far.; P. O. ]\[onee. Bob/ien, -lolui, .Instiee. Frankfort. Bock. Christian, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Boeken, B. J}., far. ; P. O. Monee. Branden, Paul, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Brandstatter, G., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Brooknuin, Carl, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Bucholtz, Fred, far.; P.O. Frankfort. Brockman, Henry, far.; P. O. Monee. Bettenhanser. C, far.; P.O. Green^arden. Conrad, Kropf, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Diest, John. Diest, John, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Diegal, Henry, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Engelhard, F., far.; P. O. Monee. Eich, Mary, far.; P. O. Monee. Eggrv s, Henry, far. ; P. O. Monee. Eisenbrandt, H., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Foster, Andrew, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Forkner, Jacob, far. ; P. O. Monee. Fredricks, John, far.; P. O. Monee. Frentz, August, far. ; P. O. Monee. Finkmiller, Valentine, far.; P.O. Monee. Felton, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Feldon, J. P., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Felten, John, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Filden, JolmP.,far.; P.O. Frankfort. Fiel, John, far. ; P. O. Frankfort. Fisher, John, far. ; P. O. Monee. Falkens, F., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Gunter, (Christ, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Gaitte, Ernst, far. ; P. O. Monee. Hasenjager, Fred, far.; P. O. Frankfoi't. Hassenjager, Fred, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Honsl)rach, Henry, far.; P. O. Monee. Hanson, Peter, far. ; P. O. Greengarden. Hanson, A., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Hylandt, Wm., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Herl)ert, Christ, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Henspeter, Fred, far.; P. O. Monee. Harrison, Amos, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Harms, H. H., far. ; P. O. Monee. HaiTison, J. AV., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Harms, Herman, far.; P. O. Monee. Hayw»M)d, F. 8., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Hardv, Russell, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Havwood, F. J., far.; P. O. FraTikfort. Heinrichs, Ulrich, f;ir.; P. O. Frankfort. Jameson. Cliristopher, far.; P. O. Monee. Jacobs, George B., far.; P. O. Monee. Jacobs, C, far.; P. O. Monee. Johnson, H. M., far.; P. O. Monee. Kiser, Joseph, far.; P. O. ^fonee. Konig, David, far.; P. O. Monee. Kerner, Matthew, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Krenth, Daniel, far.; P.O. Monee. Kasich, Henry, far.; P. O. Monee. Knickriein, A., fur.; P. O. Monee. Kister. Cliristopher, far.; P. O. Monee. Koerner, How., far.; P. O. Monee. Kepl)a, Ciiiistian, far.; P. O. Monee. Kuhan, R.. far.; P. O. Frankfort. Kitzrow, (i., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Karnei-, John, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Koppe, Heiirv, far.; P. O. Monee. Kepper, John, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Kiiapi)er, IVter, far.; P. O. Monee. Kneader, F., far.; P. O. Frankfort. Koerner, Margretta, far.; P. O. Monee. Lorenzen, Paul, far.; P. O. Frankfort. Luben, C. F., far.; P. O. Fraid., merchant. Hazelmeycr, I)., laborer. Henson, Henry, farmer. Heinricli, C. D., blacksmith. llifjirins, Pat., farmer. Iloman. John, laborer. Ilochman, John. Howard, John, farmer. Hunter, William, carpenter. Jarcho, Joachim, farmer. Jarvis, Fred., farmer. Joint, James, farmer. Johns. John, laborer. Kettingtei-, Charles, farmer. Kloarnen, Philip. Klass, Henry, farmer. Knoop, Christian, farmer. Knights, Darius. Knoop, John, farmer. Kropp, Christian. Kurtz, John, fanmer. J.,esch, John, plasterer. Lewis, B. M. Lewis, Charles. Lemboch, C. H. Lindermeyer, Andrew, harness-maker. Lockie, Thomas, farmer. Loomis, A. P., farmer. Loy, John, farmer. Luchres, F. H. Lyon, William, farmer. McFarland, Luke, farmer. McVail, Alex. Matthison, William, farmer. Maling, John, farmer. Madison, William, farmer. Miuson, J)avid F., farmer. Mutzer, John, carpenter. Markham, Benjamin, butcher. Mellville, A., physician. Miller, D.V. A. B. Miller, AVilliam, farmer. Mink, Reul)en, farmer. Morrison, David, farmer. Mollman, Charles, laborer. Monk, Henry, farmer. Myres, Henry, farmer. Myer, John H., farmer. Nolan, John, farmer. Orwig, S. v., laboier. Palmer, A. B., farmer. Patten, Andrew, farmer. Palmer, L., farmer. Perry, W. C., farmer. Piper, James, farmer. Pil)er, Joshua, farmer. Piersons, Henry, farmer. Pfiel, (leoige, farmer. Bainer, liobci', liay-|)ress. Ratlijc, Henry, miller. Bat bye, Fred"., farmer. Bathgc, I.,easure, W. D., far. Longshire, J. G., far. Londen, Helen, far. Louden, 11. I)., lai. J.ohner, Anion, lar. McCorkle, William, lar. Morgan, B. F., far. Main, Chestei'. far. Alarsiiali, Siininel, far. ^lahcr, 'I'lionias, far. Martin. Fat rick, far. Muncy, Raciiael, far. Muncy, William, far. Muney, Charley, far. Moulton, C. H., far. Murphy, Timothy, fai-. Nicholas, li., far. Nielsen, Fiank, far. O'Conner, Michael, far. Parks, James, far. Pearson, Alpheus W., far. Powers, Charles C., far. Pichart, John, far. Paine, Almont, far. Pickardt, Crine, far. Quigley, Michael, far. Quigley, Andrew, far. Eitchey, B. D., far. Kichardsoii. Amassa, far. Richardson, J.evi A., far. Rainfard, Robeit, far. Russell, Cerilda, far. Ritchey, John, fai'. Ryan, Edw., far. Redman, Eugene, far. Redman, David H., far. Redman, Thomas, far. Sternberger, Philip, far. Sprivey, Henry, far. Seinburg, Mary, far. Smith, E., far. Small, Daniel. L^mstedt, Norris, far. Underwood, Enoch, far. Van Garvin, D., far. Wartz, Andrew, far. Wooley, Elizur, far. Wordcn. H. G. S., far. Willard, David, far. White, John M.. far. W^hitten, Andrew, far. White, John, far. Waldren, C. 11., far. Williams, John, far. Warner, Alfred, far. Warner, A. H., far. AVarner, Elisha, far. CUSTER TOWNSHIP. Baird, John, farmer; P. 0. Wilmington. Brown, Edgar, far. ; P. O- Wilmington. Burke Bros., far. ; P. 0. Wilmington. Boyd, J., farmer; P. O. Wilmington. Bernard, James, far.; P. O. WMlmington. Bergan, Martin. Barber, R. E. far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Bird, Eliza. Buckley, Cornelius, far.; P. O. Wilming- ton. Connores, John, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Churchill, S. Cooper, Thomas, far. ; P. 0. Braidwood. Calhoun, Stephen, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. 966 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Cowley, John, far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Colweil, George, far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Canington, John W., P. O. Wilmington. Calkins, Patrick, far.; P. O. Wilmington. Calkins, Daniel, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Calhoun, Ransford. far. ; P.O. Wilming- ton. Duger, Patrick, far.: P. O. Braidwood. Doty, E. M., far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Dubein, H. G., far.; P. O. Braidwood. Eagan, Thomas. Evans, John, far. ; P. O- Wilmington. Eorsyth, John, far.; P. O. Braidwood. Feely, John B., far. ; P. O. Br.iidwood. Freer, J. P. Feeh', John, far. ; P. O- Braidwood. Fitzgerald, AVm., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Gettings, Paul, far. ; P. O, Wilmington. Gray, Jeremiah, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Goff,P. D. H. Hayes, Dennis, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Hudson, Henry, far; P. O- Wilmington. Hoffman, Jos., far.; P. O. Wilmington. Hanford, Thos., mer. ; P. O. Wilmington. Hines, Thos. J., far.; P. O. Wilmington. Hall, John, far.; P. O. Wilmington. Hanford, Frank, mer. ; P. O. Wilmington. Hanford Stephen, mer. ; P.O. Wilmington. Hawley, Robert, far.; P. O. Braidwood. Harrison, J. W.. far.; P. O. Braidwood. Howatt. Alex., far.; P. O. Braidwood. Johnson, J. P., far.: P. O. Wilmington. Jordan. J. G., far.; P. O. Braidwood. Judge, Hugh, far.; P. O. Wilmington. Kennady, Thomas, far. ; P. 0. Braidwood. Kilborn, Whitlock; P. O. Wilmington. Kinney, John, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Kavanaugh, Mary; P. (). Wilmington. Lowe, Henry; P. O. Wilmington. Lovejoy, A. J.: P. O. Wilmington. Lutz, Andrew, far.; P. O. Wilmington. Lennon, Michael, far.; P. O. Braidwood. Mnrphy, S. C., far.; P. O. Braidwood. Madden, John, far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Morgan, M., far. : P. O. Braidwood. Moore, Laughlin ; P. O. Braidwood. Martin, Joseph, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Miller, Henrv, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Marshall, S. T., far.; P. O. Wilmington. McGilvery, Hugh, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. O'Brien, James, far. ; P. O. Braidwood. O'Riley, James, far.; P. O. Braidwood. Perrv, James, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Powell, M. Pemperton,Thos., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Petero, G. W., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Palmer, I. T., far.; P. O. Wilmington. Quineby, H. L., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Quineby, J. A., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Querinning, Jno.,far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Reilly, Frank, far.; P. O. Wilmington. Rose, A., far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Riley, G. 8., far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Russell, M. L., far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Riley, Philip, far.; P. O. Braidwood. Reynolds, J. K., far.; P. O. Braidwood. Robinson, Wm., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Stewart, Peter, far.; P. O. Wilmington. Stewart, Wm., far.; P. O. Wilmington. Smiley, J. J., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Stewart, M. N. M. Sweeney, Michael, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Smith, Ira W., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Small, E. K, far.; P. O. Wilmington. Small, Wm. B., lumber dealer: P.O.Wil- mington. Smith, L. D., far. ; P. O. Wilmington Stewart. W. D., far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Swackhamer, Jas., far.; P. 0. Braidwood. Slight, Theo., far.; P. O. Braidwood. Schenk, Michael, far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Stewart, F. D., far.; P. O. Braidwood. Sibert, Fletcher, Mrs.; P. O. Wilmington. Trainer, James, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Taylor, A. G., far.; P. O. Wilmington. Trainer, Wm., far,; P. O. Wilmington. Trainer, Thos., far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Trainer, Robt., far.; P. O. Wilmington. Tilden, W. F., far., P. O. Wilmington. Tanner, M. D., far. ; P. O. AVilmington. Thewlis, Mary, far. ; P. O. Wilmington. Tanner, Huldah; P. O. Wilmington. Tunney, Patrick, far, ; P. O. Wilmington. Tavlor, Samuel, f;ir. ; P. O. Wilmington. Wright, E., Mrs., P. O. Wilmington. Williamson, T., far.; P. O. Wilmington. Wright, Abner, far. ; P. O. Braidwood. Ward, J. H. Yates, Sirah. Young, William, far.; P. O. Braidwood. TROY TOWNSHIP. Armstrong, P., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Armstrong, D., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Arcy, John D., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Battz, John, far.; P. O. Minooka. Ballv, Casper, far.; P. O. Joliet. Beatle, R., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. I^eathe, II., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Blair. William, far.; P. O. Joliet. Brady, Patrick, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Bowen, William. Buckway, A. B.. far.; P. O. .loliet. Calais, R.. far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Cornell, James. Cavender, B. H., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Coolehan, Thos., far.; P. O. Minooka. Cloman, Daniel, far.; P. O. Joliet. Callahan, Matthew. Culver, John J., far.; P. O. Joliet. Cronan, .lohn, far.; P. O. Joliet. Crogwell, Thos., far.; P. O. Joliet. Cops, John, far.; P. O. Joliet. Cops, Joseph, far. ; P. O. Joliet. TROY TOWNSHIP. 967 Cnimbv. Clias.. far.: P. (>. Joliet. Cruiuliv. I. V. Clin'oici. .lohii, far. ; T. C). Joliet. Cotter, John. far. : P. () Joliet. Cogjrswell. Tiionias. far. ; P.O. Joliet. Cotiliii, E.. far.: P. O. Joliet. Dix, Will. A., far.: P. (>. ]Miiiooka. Debill. E. S.. far.: P. (>. Joliet. Denipsev, Thos.. far. :P. C). Bird's Bridge. Dolliiiger. M.. far.: P. O. Bird's Bridge. Evertoii. T. J., far.; P. U. Joliet. Everton. J as., far. : P. O. Joliet. Eagaii. Patriek. far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Faiit, Prank. Joliet. Farnsworth, G. W.. far.: P. O. Bird's Bridge. Koran. AVni.. far. ; P. O. Minooka. Fogartv, E.. far. : P. O. Joliet. Fogarty, E.. Sr., far. ; P. (>. Joliet. Fries. Andrew J., far.: P. (). Joliet. (iilTord, Keyiiolds. far.: P.O. Joliet. (Jifford, Orlando, far.; P. O. Joliet. (irinton, Wni.. far.; P. O. Joliet. Gaton. John. Jr., far.: P. O. Joliet. Gaton, 8aniuel. far. : P. O. Joliet. Gaskill, J., far.; P. O. Minooka. Gaskill. Joel, far.; P. O. Minooka. Green. Robert. Iladcock. Solomon. Herath, Conrad, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Hearii, Henrv. Hinev, John H.. far.; P. O. Joliet. Hoft'.E. G., far. ; P. O. Minooka. Heri)d, Conrad, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Hearse, AVilliam. Ingoldsby. Eugene, far.; P. O. Joliet. Ingoldsby. James, far.; P.O. Joliet. Ingoldsby. Felix, far. : P.O. Minooka. Johnson.Daniel, far.; P. O. Joliet. Judge. Edwin, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Keeley, Patrick, far.; P. O. Joliet. Kearney, Michael, far.: P. O. Joliet. Kinsella. Garrett, far.; P. O. Joliet. Kavanaugh. Josei)li. far: P. O. Joliet. Kernian. Michael, far.; P. O. Joliet. Kinney, John, far. ; P. O Minooka. Kierman, Hugh, far. ; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Kerman, Francis, far.; P. O. Joliet. Kin.sella, Patrick, far. ; P. O. Minooka. Kinsella, Garnett, far. : P. O. Joliet. Kctchun, Michael, far.; P. O. Minooka. Eeuis, J>. Link, Jo.sei)h, far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. J>ehner, Henry, far.; P. O. Joliet. l^amaclier, Peter, far.; P. O. Joliet. Langdon, 'I'lionias, far.; P. O. Joliet. Langdon, John, far.: P. O. Joliet. Lye, John, far.; P. O. Joliet. McManus, John, far.; P. O. Joliet. McCov, Thomas, far.; P. O. Joliet. McCai-ty, M., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. McEvov, James, far.; P. O. Joliet. McEvoy, AVilliam, far.; P. O. Joliet. McDonald, Dennis J., far.: P. O. Joliet. McMillan, Alnionda, far.; P. O. Joliet. McMillan, Aleda. far.: P. O. Joliet. I^Iartin, Edw.; P. O. .loliet. Marshall, William H.. far.; P. O. Joliet. Mahoney, Jeremiah, far.; P. O. Joliet. Matis, Barney, far.; P. O. Joliet. Matthews, B., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Mi'Ver, Adam, far.; P. O. Joliet. Miller, ^\■iUiam, far.; P. O. Joliet. Miller, James. Mooney, Matthew, far.; P. O. Joliet. Moran, Bernard, far.; P. O. Joliet. Murphy, James, far.; P. O. Joliet. AInii>h"v, 'i'imothv, far.: P. O. Joli^et. Murpiiv. .lohii. far.; P. O. .Joliet. :N.;ble E. O'Brien, James, far. ; 1'. O. Minooka. O'Brien, W.,far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Ottar. C, far.; P. O. Joliet. O'Conner, James, far.: P. 0. Joliet. Ogan, iSIary. Otteway, Edw. Paul, James, far.; P. O. rJoliet. Parks, Silas, far.; P. O. Joliet. Palmer, Jacob, far.; P. O. Joliet. Perry, Samuel, far.: P. O. Joliet. Raven, Daniel J., far.; P. O. Minooka. Eademaker, T. Reed, R. (i.,far.; P. O. Joliet. Reardon, Patrick, far.; P. O. Joliet. Reiff, August, far.; P. O. Joliet. Read, M. R., far.; P. O. Joliet. Reese, Henry J., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Reiff, Augustus, farmer. Riley, James T., far.; P. O. Minooka. Roberts, E.(i. Rogan, Edw., far.; P. O. Joliet. Rowan, AVilliam, far. ; P. O. Bird's Bridge Spencer, ^Ivron, far.; P.O. Minooka. Searls, D. C., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Searls, Austin D., far.; P. O. Joliet. Sammons. D., far.; P. O. Joliet. Stamper, Hannali ; P. O. Minooka. Stearns, William, far. : Bird's Bridge. Steel, John D., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Stevens, AVilliam, far.: P. O. MiiK)oka. Stephens, AFichael, far.: P. O. Joliet. Scliaub, Nicholas, far.; Bird's Bridge. Sheridan, Joseph, far.; P. O. Joliet. Snyder, Henry, far.; P. O. Minooka. Snyder, AVilliam, far. ; P. O. ^linooka. Snydei, J^arkiu E., far.; P.O. Minooka. Snyder, George, far.; P. O. Minooka. Spencer, Simon, far.; P. O. Minooka. Sammons. AV.T., far.; P. O. Joliet. Strong, AV. P. Talbott, Richard, far.; P. O. Minooka. Tyrnell, Josepli. far.; P. O. Joliet. Tyrell, Marv: P. O. Joliet. Talbott. E.lw., far.; P. (). Minooka. Truby, Marshal, merchant and Postmas- ter, Bird's Bridge. Tierney. Patrick, far.; P. O. Minooka. Tooliev, James, far.; P. O. .loliet. Van Alstiiie, P.., far.; P.O. Bir. Goodenow. Kotze, H.. far.: P. (). (Joodenow. Klaus. August. Kolling, (\, far.: P. (). Beecher. Keidisk, Geo., blacksmith; P: O. (!rete. Kock. Fred, far. ; P. ( ). Crete. Knabe, C. merchant: P. (). Crete. Klemme, Henry, far.: P. (). Endor. Keeling, Fred, iar. : P. (). (ioodenow. Kechling, Fred. Kratze, Fred, Jr., far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Kratze, Fred. Sr., far.: P. (). Eagle Lake. Kline. Joseph, far.^ P. (). P>loom. Kloss, M., far.: P. (). Bloom. Knappmire, Wilbelm, retired ; P. ( ). Crete. Klaus, A. J. Krept, F., saloon : P. O. Crete. Katze, Henrv C, far.: P. (). Eagle Lake. Kliner. Christian. Krusr. C. Kekoe. I'^red, laborer: 1'. O. Crete. Kueige. ileurv. King. Thomas, far.; P. O. Crete. Kirscii, Franz, farmer and mason ; P. (). Crete. Eange, Joacliiii, far.; P. (). Endor. Luke, Henrv, far.; P. (). Monee. LewhoKz, F., laborer; P. (). Crete. Luke, Fred, far.; P. (). Eagle iiake. Liid<, Geo. Legmore, Henrv. Lucliet, Carl, laborer: P. U. Crete. Leisiug. J. T., grain dealer; P. O. Good- enow. J.,adonx, Joseph. Lepenhoj). H. J.owden, Joseph. Liekmaim, Fred. Mendenhath, Charles. Mechlman, Francis. Mavne,(ic(). Miller, T. L., far.; P. (). Beecher. Maxwell, J., far.; P. O. Beecher. Miller. H. H., far.; P. O. Crete. Mullei-. Conrad, laborer; P. O. Crete. MuUer, John, laborer; P. O. Crete. JNIyer, F., far.; P. O. Beecher. Michael, Nicholas, far.; P. (). Bloom. Myrick, IT., far.; P. O. Crete. Martin, Wm., laborer: P. O. Crete. Myei-, John D., far.; P. O. Crete. Merwin, Cliarles, farmer. Matthias, John C., tailor: P. O. Crete. Milbrook, Henry. Mogg, Henry. Miller, R. B., school-teacher ; P. (3. Crete. Martin, S., far.; P. (). Crete. Mothing, Henry. Marker, Henrv. Miers, Edward, far.; P. O. Crete. Mueller, Henry, far. ; P. O. Crete. Motion^-, Henrv G., far.; P. O. Crete. Miller, Kol)ert,'far.; P. (). Crete. Morris, John. Morris, John R., far.; P. O. Bloom. Miller, David, far.; P. O. Bloom. Miller, William, far.; P. O. Bloom. Naike, Fred, far.; P. O. Crete. Narceive, William. — Olendoif, Christ, far.; P. O. Endor. Ohlendorf, Conrad, far. ; P. O. Goodenow. Ohleiidorf, W., far.; P. O. Goodenow. Ohlendorf, August, far.; P. O. Endor Ohlendorf, IL, Jr., far.; P. O. Goodenow. Ostermier, Wm., far.; P. O. Crete. Orr, Jolin, far.; P. (). Crete. Olendorf, Conrad, far.; P. O. Goodenow. Orr, James, Jr., far. ; P.O.Crete. Olendorf, John T. Peipho, C. Piei)hs, Chi'is. Pea.se. John, far.; P. O. (Joodenow. Peek. Charh's, far.; P. O. Crete. Palseu, Andrew, lab.; P. O. Crete. Plagge, Fred, farmer. Pittlekon. Carl, lab.; P. O. Crete. 970 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Puloer, J. H., lab.; P. O. Crete. Porter, Samuel, ret. ; P. (). Crete. Patcheu, AVni., carpenter; P. O. Crete. Punier, William. Pampe, John. Paul, Henry P. i\ary, Josepli, physician ; P. O. Crete. Paul Christopher,' far. ; P. O. Crete. Pliillips, J. E., far.; P. O. Monee. Pipenbrink, Jolin 0.,far. ; P. O. Crete. Ciuackenbush, Helen; P. O. Crete. Quackenbush. M., blacksmith ; F. O. Crete. Rust, Chris., far. ; P. O. Crete. Richards, W. Rittman, Henry. Rissman, Pred, far. ; P. O. Endor. Richards, Gottlieb, far. ; P. O. Bloom. Ross, A. Rinke, J.,I., far.; P. O. Crete. Ritze, H. Robinson, J. B., ret. ; P. O. Crete. Ruhe, Ludvvig, carpenter; P. O. Crete. Richards, C. E., far. ; P. O. Bloom. Rump, Henry, farmer. Ranke, T. Rign, John I., laborer ; P. O. Crete. Ruhe, Wm., carpenter; P. O. Crete. Rabiuger, L., blacksmith ; P. O. Endor. Rulls, Joseph, lab.; P. O. Goodenow. Rathge, H. Rinne, William, far.; P. O. Crete. Rohe, John, merchant; P. O. Crete. Rupert, C, wagon-maker; P. O. Crete. Rekoe, A., lab. ; P. O. Crete. Rohe, Henry. Rohe, John C, merchant; P. O.Crete. Rohe, Henry, coal dealer; P. O. Crete. Read, C. J., far. ; P. O. Bloom. Scrager, Philip, far. ; P. O. Crete. .Stege, C, tailor ; P. 0. Crete. Stephen, Frank. Sunmore, John, ret.; P. O. Cx'ete. Schmidt, C, merchant: P.O. Goodenow. Schever, Conrad. Slade, Henry. Suhansen, Henry. Schever, Christophei'. Segers, Conrad. Scheldt, B., farmer. Scheldt, James. Scheldt, Mi(;hael, farmer. Schaller, Joseph. Scheldt, M., Jr. Scheldt, Antony. Smith, Albert, far. ; P. O. Crete. Scuter, Vincent, far. ; P. O. Bloom. Schakucept, Fred. Smith, Fred, far. ; P. O. Goodenow. Schmidt, W., far. ; P. O. Goodenow. Strain, W. G., far. ; P. O. Bloom. Sallitt, John, far.; P. O. Peotone. Stenburg, Stephen. Stock, Henry, far;; P. O. Crete. Smith, G. W. Smith, Edw., farmer. Samuel, Sanuiel. Seehausen, D., blacksmith ; P. O. Crete. Severance, Lutiier, farmer. Selman, A., lab:; P. O. Crete. Stolding, Fred., far.; P. O. Crete. Scliroeder, Fred., far.; P. O. Peotone. Scluietline, Wni., caipenter; P. O.Crete.. Schriver, .John, far.; P. O. Crete. Schmidt, Henry, farmer. Spallender, Heiiry. Striber, Carl W\, far. ; P. O. Crete. Spolleder, Henry, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Smith, Wm., far. ; P. O. Goodenow. Seyerbrook, G., far. : P. O. Goodenow. Scheiwe, Philip, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Smalley, A., far. ; P. O. Endor. Schmore, John E., farmer. Schiick, Henry, far. ; P. (J. Eagle l^ake. Schrader, Fred. Stude, Fred. Sailer. Conrad, far.; P. O. Crete. Saft'ord, A. B., retired, Crete. Schiva, Carl. Schrage. Henry, far. ; P. O. Crete. Schweei', Chris, laborer, Crete. Schweer, Chris, Jr., carpenter, Crete. Smalley, Alonzo, far.: P. (). Endor. Stoge, Henry. Schmidt, Geo., far. ; P. O. Crete. Seehausen, Henry, Jr. Schrader, Carl, laborer. Crete. Sab in, Elizabeth. Stoge, Chris. Spencer, Francis, far. ; P. O. Crete. Seyers, Conrad, tar. Solsman, C. Tretty, Henry. Tucke, Fred. Therbold, Geo. Thissiens, Henry. Tagmier, Henry, far. : P. O. Eagle Lake. Turnean, Wm Tatge, Wm., far. ; P. O. Crete. Tatge, Conrad, Joliet. Tonenberg, Isaac. Tillotson, Lorenzo, Constable, Crete. Tegtmire, John, far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Texka, T. Tillotson, Frank, far. ; P. O. Crete. Theemer, J., far. : P. O. Crete. Toll, Oscar, laborer, Crete. I big, Henry, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Valunett, Wm., far., P. O. Eagle Lake. Williamson, John, retired, Crete. Wallace, Robt, retired, Crete. Winte. Mary. W^dkerly, Martin, far.: P. O. Endor. Wilm, L. Winzenburg, Henry. Wehman, F. W^asman, H., far. ; P. O. Crete. Wehmholfer, Wm., far.; P. O. Crete. Waterman, Carl, mason, Crete. Wehnilioft'er. J. AVilkoiing, C, far.; P. O. Eagle J.ake. Wilkening, Cliris, far.; P. O. Beecher. Wilkening, John, far. ; P. O. Crete. Wolf, James. Willie, Philip, far.; P. O. Crete. AVehenlioifer, Wm., far. ; P. O. Crete. Winter. Fjed, far.; P. O. Crete. CHAiNNAHON TOWNSHIP. 971 Wilder. A.. t:ir.: P.O. (!reti'. Wt'limi. Peter, laborer. Crete. Westeiilehlt. Werbrook. Henry, lar.; P. (). Crete. Wiiidham, J.C, far.; P. O. Chicago. Wiiiiainsoii. Wm., lar.; P. O. Crete. Witt, Carl. laborer, Crete. Weisiiaai'. M. Writtlimaii. Willianisoii, John., lar.; P. (). Crete. Wisliaar, .loliii. lar.; P. (). Hlooin. AVilder. (}. II., far.: P. (). Hlooiu. VVallacr, John, lar.; P. O. Bloom. Werderliolt, C, blacksmith. Bloom. Young, Miehael. Young, Mary p]. Zibson. Fifd. Zummells, Philip. CHANNAHON TOWNSHIP. Althousi', Walter, tar.; P. (). Channahon. Althouse, Henry: P. O. Wilmington. Anthony, Chester, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Alexander, George, farmer; P. O. Chan- nahon. Abell. Edw., janitor; P. O. Channahon. Andraugh, Pat, lar; P. O. Channahon. Ardaugh, Patrick; P. U. Channahon. Bedford, .Stephen, mail-carrier; P. O. Channahon. Brackus. Lucien, farmer; P. O. Chan- nahon. Beattie, Kobert, far. ; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Bartdyte. Nicholas, farmer; P. O. Chan- nahon. Brown, Peter. Bell, Wm., farmer; P. O. Minooka. Bailey, Daniel, farmer; P.O. Channahon. Bailey. Caleb, farmer; P. O. Channahon. lirumick, Alex., far.; P. O. Channahon. Buell, Geo., mechanic; P. O. Channahon. Bossenecker, G. P. Bedford, Nelson, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Buel, N. farmer; P. O. Channalion. Bates, E., black'smith ; P. ( ). C'hannahon. Billsland. D.. larujer: P. O. Channahon. Burdi'ii, Wm., laborer: P. O. Channahon. Cooley, M., laborer; P. O. Channahon. Curtis, C, laborer : P. O. Channahon. Claughlin. Michael, farmer: P.O. Bird's Bridge. Cavender. Wm. H.. farmer; P.O. Bird's Bridge. Carpenter, Allen, far. : P. O. Channahon. Cornwell, James. Colleps, John. Conroy, Pat, farmer; r. O. Channahon. Conroy, John, farnu-r: P. O. (•iiannahon. Cornelius, Charles, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Conklin. Edw.. laltorer; P. O. Channahon. Coyle, Peter, Mrs., far.; P.O. Channahon. Davis, Geo. B., farmer; P. O. Channahon. Davis, R. P.. farmer: P.O. Channahon. Deline, Moses, farmei'; P. O. Ehvood. Drew. J. C. M.. far.: P. O. Channahon. DeWitt, John M.. laborer: P. O. Chan- nahon. Drew, D.. laboier: P. O. Channahon. Effner. E. W., farmer; P. O. Channahon. Effner, John, shoemaker: P. O. Chan- nahon. Ellington, John, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Farnsworth. G. W., farm«'r; P. O. Bird'a Bridge. Fender, Geo. W., farmer ; V. O. Minooka. Finney, Barney, far.; P. O. Channahon. Finney, Kobert, far.; P. O. Channahon. Finney, John, laborer; P. O. Channahon. Fowler, Caleb, merchant; P. O. Chan- nahon. Finder, (Jeo.. farmer; P. O. Minooka. Fallen, John, farmer; P. O. Joliet. Fryer, J. N., farmer; P. O. Channahon. Fitch, Joseph, physician and merchant; P. O. Channahon. Gathaway, Wm., far. ; P. O. Channahon. Glidden, Stephen, far.: P. O. Cliaimahon. Gaskell, D. K., farmer ; P. O. Minooka. Geary, Joseph, farmer; P. O. Channahon. Corl, Amos. Mrs., far.; P. O. Channahon. Grant. James, farmer : P. O. Elwood. Grant. John A.. farmer: P. O. Ehvood. Goodjolm, Thomas; P. O. Ehvood. Gulen, Henry, farmer; P. O.Wilmington. Gatheny, Wrii., far.; P. O. Channahon. Gorman. Timothy, tailor; P. O. Chan- nahon. Hess, Joseph, farmer: P. O. Joliet. Hattield. Hannah, farmei"; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Haley, Richard, farmer; P. 0. Elwood. Haley. C, Jr., farmer; P. O. Chaiuiahon. Haley, Micliael. farmer: P. O. Ehvood. Hart, John, laborer; P. O. Channahon. Hart, James, farmer; P. O. Channalion. Herbert, Thomas, far.; P. O. Channahon. Herbert. Patrick, far.; P. O. Channahon. Hemphill, D. C, farmer: P. O. Ehvood. Henderson. Delia ; P. O. Cluuniahon. Hicks. ^lanley. harness-maker: P. O. Channahon. Jesup, Eihv., farmer: P. O. Channahon. Jessup, John: P. O.Wilmington. JohuMon, Robert, farmer: P. O. Elwood. Ketchiim, Clespus. far.: P. O. Minooka. Knap]), Ira ().. farmer: P. O. Channahon. Kite. (Jeo.: P. O. Chicago. Knapp. Solon, laborer; P. O. Channahon. Lenicher, Peter. J.ysle. Bvron, farmer: P. O. Channahon. Long. Michael, far: P. O. Bird's Bridge. J.epold. Wm.. taniiei-: P. O. Joliet. Lepokl, Ann : P. O. Joliet. Lewis, J., far.; P. O. Channahon. 972 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY Lepold, H.. far. ; P. O. Joliet. Lepold, (justave, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Landrigan, J., far.; P. (). Channahon. Ledyard. J. C. retired, Channahoh. Lowery, Win., laborer, Channahon. McCowan, C.. far.; P. O. Channahon. McClintock, W., far.; P. O. Bird's Bridge. McDonald. M., far. ; P. 0. Cannahon. McCune, George, far. ; P. O. Elwood. IMonahan, Jas., far. ; P. O. Channahon. Miller, A., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Meran, Owen, far.; P. O. Joliet. Miller, R. H., wagon-maker, Channahon. Mills, Oscar, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Manning, Elisabeth, far.; P. O. Channa- hon. Martin, Thos., far. ; P. O. Channahon. Martin, J. W., engineer 111. Penit., Joliet. Mix, Jos., shoemaker, Cliannahon. Morehouse, Michael, Mrs., Channahon. Nicholas, Henry, far.; P. O. Joliet. Xewraan, Ebenezer. far.; P.O. Elwood. Noonan, Dennis, far.; P. O. Channahon. IQ"oonan, Jas., far. ; P. O. Channahon. Osgood, U., far.; P. O. Joliet. 0'i3rien, John, far. ; P. O. Channahon. O'Brien. AVm., far. ; P. O. Bird's Bridge. Ogden, M. D.. Chicago. O'Boyle, Patrick, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Price. Thos., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Padley, H.. tar. ; P. O. Joliet. Porter, Lamen, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Porter, Lenon, far.; P. O. Channahon. Quigley, Andrew, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Randall, J. T.. far.; P. O. Channahon. Raleigli. Thos., far. ; P. O. Channahon. Rowley, Thos., far.; P. O- Channalion. Rilev, Thos., far.; P. O. Channahon. Sage, E. W., far. ; P. O. Cliamuilion. Sing, Adam, far.; P. O. Cliannahon. Schieck, Thos., carpenter, Minooka. Sweet, Anson, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Shall, John, far. ; P. O. Channahon. Stolder, 1j., far. ; P. O. Elwood. Smith, C C., far.; P. O. Channahon. Stickney, Benj., far. ; P. O. Elwood. Staats, Frank, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Smith, Jas. H., mechanic, Channahcm. Street, J. R.. stove-maker, Joliet. Sage, E. W., far. ; P. O. Channahon. Tryon, Geo., far. ; P. O. Cliannahon. Tait. Michael, far.; P. O. Channahon. Thoinburg,Robt., far.; P. O. Elwood. Thornburg. John, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Thornbnrg, Newton, far. ; P. O. Elwood. Van Alstine, Isaac, far. ; P.'O. Channahon. Venner, Jas., groceryman, Channahon. Van Alstine, Malinda, Channahon. West, Ephriam. far.; P. O. Cliannahon. Worthy, Wm., Chicago. Wentworth, D. S., Chicago. Willard, R. G., far.; P. O. Channahon. Whitmore, A., far.; P. O. Channahon. Wagner, Conrad, far.; P. O. Cliannahon. Watson, Jesse, butcher, Channalion. Woodruff, G. C., carpenter, Channahon. Willard, C S., far. ; P. O. Channahon. Yates, R. A., far.; P. O. Channahon. MANHATTAN TOWNSHIP. Adams, Elias H., far.; P. O. Spencer. Aaron, P. P., far. ; P. O. Greengarden. Adler, Peter, far.; P. O. Joliet. Amend, Andrew, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Barton, George, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Brenton, Joseph, far.; P. O. Joliet. Barton, Charles, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Ballard, Sarah; P. O. Joliet. Bragman, John. Bergan, Martin, far.; P. O. Joliet. Baker, Clark, far.; P. O. Joliet. Baker, John, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Bronk, Peter A., far. ; P. O. Joliet. Boyland, John, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Be;ird, Caroline, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Brime, K. E., far.; P. O. Joliet. Brophy, Edw., far.; P. O. Joliet. Brady, John. Buck, George A., far.; P. 0. Joliet. Billing, Ricliard, far.; P. O. Joliet. Barton, C, far. ; P. O. Greengarden. Jiaily, Thomas, far.; P. O. Spencer. Bohrbach, Adam, far.; P. O. Joliet. Baker, George, far. ; V. O. Joliet. Barr, George, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Bronson, Fred, far.; P. O. Joliet. Barr, Martlia; P. O. Joliet. Barr, Samuel, far.; P. O. Joliet. Barr, Joliii, far.; P. O. Joliet. Braner, Peter, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Broughmaii, J., far.; P. O. New Lenox. Pester, J., far. ; P. O. New Lenox. Ba-sett, Wm. J., far. ; P. (). Greengarden. Coon, Robert, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Cockle, Sarah; P.O. Joliet. Cale, Tliomas, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Cochle, Jolm, far. ; P. O. Joliet. Cochle, William, far.; P. O. Joliet. Cain, Thomas, far.; P. O. Joliet. Clussen, Barnett, f ar. ; P. O. Greengarden. Cain, John, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Cole, Richard, far.; P. O. Spencer. Campbell, J. M., far.; 1'. O. Spencer. Dennis, W. R.. far..; P. (). Joliet. Delatield, R. R.. far.; P. O. Joliet. Donley, Matthew, far.; P. O. Joliet. Erbe. Leich, far.; P. O. Joliet. Eggers, Henry, far.; P. O. Spencer. Eberliart, H(!nedi(>t, far.; P. O. Spencer. Faliy, Thomas, far.; P. O. Greengarden. Gillett, James M., far.; P. O. Spencer. Greenwood, Aaron, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Green, Henry, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Goorivan, Stephen, far.; P. O. Joliet. WASHINOTON TOWNSHIP. 973 GmHukIu'I-. Patrick, I'ar. ; I'. (). Joliet. GallaiilitT. .lames, far.; P. C). Joliet. Ganicv. (Jt'Dinc I'ar.; P. (). .loliet. Geiss/D. K., i'ar.; P. (). .loliet. . .loliet. (iibbon, (Jeorge, far.; P. U. .loliet. llartong, .1. .1.. far.; P. (). .loliet. Hvne. riiri.stian. far.; P. (). .loliet. Howard, W. S., far.; P. (). .loliet. Howard, Tvlle, far.; P. (). .loliet. Haley, Kichard, far.; P. O. .Joliet. Hunt. .John, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Harms. Henrv. far.; P. (). (Jreengardeii. Haley. Michael, far.; P. (). .Toliet. Jones. .Tames, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. -Jaques, E. E., far. ; I*. O. .Toliet. Keer, .Tames. Kirk, Thomas, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. Keeler, Chiistian, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. Keer, William, far.; T^ O. .Toliet. Ivnigler. Elias. far. ; P. O. .Joliet. Kail, Belzert, far.; P. O. .Toliet. Kerstein, .lacol). far.; P. O .Joliet. Kitzen, Frank, far. ; P. (). Spencer. Kestal, Michael, far. ; P. O. New Lenox. l.,eckner, 11., far. ; P. O. Spencer. Lawler, Michael, far. ; P. O. .Joliet. Lutz, .John, far. ; P. O. .Joliet. Liitz, .Tacob, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. Lynn. W. I). B.. far. ; P. O. .Toliet. McHugh. .James, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. MeParten, Peter, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. McHugh. Felix, far. ; P. O. .Joliet. McNiff. .John, far.; P. O. .Toliet. McFarland, Hugh, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. McHugh, Thos., far. ; P. O. .Toliet. McGrath, Byron, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. McClure, C. I., far. ; P. O. Joliet. McClure, David, far. ; P. O. .Toliet. Mcl'artten, Charles ; P. O. Spencer. McDonald. Andrew\ far. ; P. O. Spencer. McGrath, .Tolin. far.; P. (). Joliet. Murphy, M., far.; P. O. Joliet. Murphy, Barney, far.; P. O. .Toilet. Martin, Edward, far.; P. (). Joliet. Morse, O. F., Rev. ; P. O. Joliet. Morse, A., far.; P. (). .Joliet. Miller, Wm., Sr., far.; V. O. Spencer. Metzger, Conrad, far.; P. (). Spencer. Morse, Anna, far.; I'. O. Spencer. Murphy, James, far.; P. O. Joliet. Olney, Iliram, far.; P. O. Spencer. Ofundstein, .Jacob, far.; 1^ (). S|)encer. Ploi'gg, Chas.. far.; I\ (). Greengarden. Phel|).s. .lames, far.; T*. (K .loliet. l'e]iper, Wni., far.; V. (). .Joliet. Phillips, John, far.; P. (). Joliet. Paul, Geo., far.; P. (). .Joliet. Paul, Wm., far.; 1^ (). .loliet. T^Kld. David, far.; 1'. (). .Joliet. King, .John, far.; 1'. (). .Joliet. lieeves, Jerome, far.; P. (). .Joliet. Robinson, Ste})henson, far.; P. (). .Joliet. Ring, A. II., far.; P. O. .Joliet. Ruson, .Jasper, far.; P. (). .Joliet. Haudall, Stephen, far.; P. (). Xew Lenox. Rudd, Charles, far.; P.O. Greeiigarden. Rudd, J}., far.; P. O. Greengaiden. Reynolds, Thomas, far.; P. O. .Toliet. Sprouls. .Tames, far.; P. O. .Toliet. Stulfenburg, I'eter; P. (). Joliet. Smith, John W., far.; P. (). .Joliet. Seltzer, H. W., far.; P. (). .Joliet. Storrs, P. G., far.; P. (). .Joliet. Schaff, Henry, far.; P. (). .Joliet. Smith, J. W.. far.; P. (). Joliet. Schoonman. Fred., far.; P. O. Joliet. Stebbins, H. B., far.; P. O. Greeiigarden. Schneider, John B., far.; P. (). Joliet. Spoul, .Tames, far.; P. O. .Toliet. Styles, Charles, far. ; P. ( ). Spencer. Smith, James, far.; P. O. Spencer. Shoop, .John, far.; P. O. Spencer. Stolf, G. ^Y., far. ; P. (). Spencei-. Smith, Nelson, far.: P. (). Spencer. Shoop, Henry, far. ; P. ( ). Si)encer. Smith, W. J., far.; P. O. .Joliet. Tucker, O. W., far.; l\ O. Joliet. Thiel, Henrv. far.; P. O. Joliet. Thaver, Noah, far.; P. (). .Joliet. Tucker. O. W.. far.; P. O. Greengarden. Trask, Elihu, far. ; P. (). Joliet. ' Utterman, S. W., far.; P. (). Si)encer. Woodcock, Gedden, far.; P. (). Spencer. Weber, .Tames, far. ; P. O. Spencer. Walch, Richard, far.; P. (). Spencer. Williams, (). J., far. and P. M. ; P. O. Green- garden. Wallace, Thomas, far.; P. ( ). .Joliet. Watkins, Peter, far.; P. O. .Joliet. Watkins. Richard, far.; P. (). Joliet. Whitson, John, far.; P. (). .Toliet. Whits(m, David, far.; \\ O. Joliet. AValen, .Tamers, far.; P. (). Joliet. Young, Asa B.. fai-. : P. O. .loliet. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. Ackerman, Fred, far.; P. (). Beecher. Balilman, H., Jr., far.; P. (). Eagle I^ake. Baker, Geo., far.; P. (). Goodenow. Batterman, Fred, far.; P. O. Beecher. Babcock, Fred, far.; P. (). Beecher. Bahlman. II.. far.; P.O. P^agle Lake. Barnes, Bridget. Beeclier. Beseke, C, giain dealer, lieecher. Besterfeld. Henry, far.; P. O. Beecher. Behrens. Conrad, far.; P. O. Beecher. Billlield, Simon, carjjcnter. Beecher. Billlield. [Ienr\. Iunil)er dealer. IJeecher. 151ock. TI.. grain dealer. Beecher. Bold, Henrv. far.; P. O. Beecher. 974 REAL ESTATE OWNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Bofkelmaii, Chris, lar. : P. O. Beeclier. JBock, Conrad, Beeclier. Borgus, Henry, wagon-maker, Beecher. Boiler. Clans, far.: V. O. Beeclier. Burns, John, laborer. Beeclier. BuVknieier, Geo., lai. ; P.O. Eagle Lake. . Biilir, Peter, tar.; V. (). Beeclier. ;■ Bush, Carl, far.; P. O. Beeclier. Busse, Pred, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Bredemeier, W., far. : P. (). Eagle J^ake. Brauns, Fred. Brain, T. Beronhard, II., far.; P. (). Eagle Lake. Brans, C, far. ; P. ( ). Eagle Lake. Burns, Henry, far.; P. (). Eagle Lake. Clans, A., far. ; P. ( ). Eagle Lake. Closer, A., wagon-maker. Beecher. Danne, Henry, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Dierking, Fred, far.; P. (). Beecher. Dohse, Henry, far.; P. U. Eagle Lake. Dyer, Fred, tailor, Beecher. Engelking, H. H., far.; P. (). Eagle Lake. Engelking, L., far. ; P. (). Beecher. Ehlers,.H. A., miller, Beecher. Erison, Fred, far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Faske, Fred, far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Falke, John, far. ; P.O. Beecher. Fe^tmeier, Henry, far. : P. O. Begcher. Feme, Fred, far.; P. (). Beecher. Fegtineyer, \V.. far.; P. (). Beecher. Pick, John, far.; P. (). Beecher. Frahni, Jacob, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Fiebelcorn, Fred, far. ; P. O Beecher. Fisch, John, far. ; P. (). Beecher. Figl.)ager, Henry. Frobose, Henry, far. : P. O. Eagle Lake. Gieser, Jacob, far. : P. (). Beecher. Goodenow, G. W., far. ; P. (). Crete. Graham, J. H.. far. ; P. O. Goodenow. Geweke, Fred., blacksmith, Beecher. Grabe, Henry, far. ; P. O. Beecher. G rages. Heniy. far. ; P. O. Beecher. Goetz, Geo., wagon-mkr., Beecher. Gurrtz, August, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Haste, Fred., far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Uasanyayer, C., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Has(^lie, Engle. Ilahn, Henry, far. ; P. U. Eagle Lake. Uartnian, J. C , far. ; P. (). Eagle J.ake. Plaseman, H., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Hassenian, J., far.; P. O. Beecher. Hack, John, menthant. Eagle J^ake. Hack, C., merchant, Beecher. Hangeman, L., saloon, Eagle J^ake. H;usse, 1)., far. : P. (). Beecher. Harnish, (Jeorge, harness-mkr., Beecher. Hehling, Chas., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Meld, Ernst, far.; 1'. (). Beecher. Hanses, Fred., far.; P. (). Beecher. H(nnian, liouis, far. ; P.O. Beecher. llartjen, ncrnian. Ilascman, John, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Hallman, F>ena. far.; P. O. Beecher. Heller. Albert, far. : P. O. Beecher. Heineze, Chris., far.; P. O. Beecher. Henze, H., f ai". ; P. O. Beecher. Ilcider, John, far. ; P. O. Beecher. ileiden, John, far.; P. O. Beecher. Hippe, 11., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Hintz, H. H., lumber dealer, Beecher. Holz, Chas., far.: P. O. Beecher. Houck, Geo., shoemaker, Beecher. Hunter. J.udwig, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Hunter, Henry, far.; P. O. Beecher. Joers, \Vm., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Jessen, Louis, blacksmith, Beecher. Kaka, Henry. Kahle, H., far. ; P. O. Eagle J.ake. Kapmeier, H., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Katz, Fred, Sr., far. ; P. O, Eagle Lake. Katz, Fied, Beecher. Katze, Fred., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Klenime, Chas.. far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Klemme, August, far. : P. O. Eagle Lake. Knabe, Chas., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Ki)lling. Fred., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Kouka, F.. far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Koelling, Chris., far.: P. O. Goodenow. Kruth, John, blacksmith, Beecher. Kraske, Christ., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Krng, Bernard, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Kraft. Jacob, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Kruse, Wm.. mason, Beecher. Kukermeister, Chas., far.; P. O. Beecher. Kurtz, Philip, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Lagreder, Henry, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Lange, Chas., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Layes, Conrad, far. ; P. O. Ea^le Lake. Leenhausen, H., shoemaker, Beecher. Letts, Henry, Eagle Lake. Lobstein, Samuel, mer., Beecher. Long, Chas., laborer, Beecher. Lutterman, Caleb, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Luterman. Chris., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Lucke, Fred., far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Lucke, F. F., shoemaker, Eagle Lake- Lyons, D. P., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Lyons, Henry 8., far.; P. O. Beecher. Lyon. Caleb, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Matthias, Fred. far. : P. O. Beecher. Mast, John O., lab., Beecher. Most, Conrad, lab., Beecher. Mann, Franz, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Matliias, Henry, merchant, Beecher. Matz, Henry, lab., Beecher. Meyer, Christian, far.; Eagle Lake. Meyer, Wm., far.; P. O. JJeecher. Meire, John T., far. ; Eagle Lake. Mier, S., physician, J3eecher. Miller, Carl. Miller, Henry, far. : P. O. Beecher. Miller, T. L.," far.: P. O. Beecher. Moller. H., lab., Beecher. Musnian, H., mason, Beecher. Nolan, John, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Ncidcrt, Henry, far.; P. O. Beecher. Oldenburg, II.; far.; P. O. Beecher. O'Neil, O. A., lab. ; P. O. Beecher. Olenburg. Henry, far.; P. (). Beecher. O'Leary, Jolin,lab.; P. O. Beecher. Osternu'ier, Conrad, far,; P. O. Beecher. Oklenkamp, D., far.; P. O. Beecher. Ochlerking, T., far.; P. O. Beecher. Oberhaide, Fred, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Pauls, Peter, far. ; P. ( ). Beecher. Paulson, C, far.; P. O. Beecher. WILL TOWNSHIP. 975 IVcht, Win., mercliant; P. O. Boeflier. Peclit, R., laenliaiit: 1'. (). IJfechcr. Peter, Henry, far.; P. (). Beeclier. Pegal, .lohii. tinner: P. (). Beeclier. Piepenbrink, H., far.; P. O. Eatfle Take. Plajjire. Fred, far.; P. (). Beeelu'i. Pralie. Henry, f:ir.; 1'. O. lieedier. Hippe, (ieo., far.; P. (). Beeclier. Kistenpart, H., far.; P. O. ]Jeeclier. Keiclms, Henry, far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. llipj)e. Christian, far.; P. (). Beeclier. Rose, Sanuiel, inercliant: P. (). Beecher. Rose, Alex., teacher; P. (). Beeclier. Rode, Henry, lab.; P. (). Beecher. Rode, .John. linden, C, physician ; P. O. Beecher. Ruge, (\»rl, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Ilnst, Fred, far.; P. O. Beecher. Rnsse, Ernst, far.; P. (). Eagle Lake. JJnbreeht, Fred, far.; P. O. Beecher. ISass, ^Vu^., far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Sollitt, John, far.; P.O. Beecher. Sastrain, Charles, far.; P. O. Beecher. Schmith, Fred, saloon: P. O. Beecher. Schmith, Christian. Schmidt, Conrad; P.O.Eagle T^ake. iSchilling, John, far.; P. O. Beecher. .Schweppe, Fred, far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Schwertfeger, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Schmedeke, Henry, farm.; P. O. Beecher. Scheiwe, Wm., far. ; P. O. Ea?;le Lake. iScliweer, Conrad, far.; P. O, Eagle Lake. Scheiwe, Henry, far. ; P. ( ). Eagle?Lake. Schrenk, Henry, far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Seitz, Fred, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Seahaltz, Fred, far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Scharnhorst, D., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Senholtz, Fred, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Sheiver, Philip, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Shulz, Wm., painter; P. O. Beecher. Shultz, W.. i)ainter; P. O. Beecher. Silk, Carl, far.; P. O. Beecher. Smith, Fred, saloon; P. O. Beecher. Smith, Edw., far. ; P. O. Goodenow. SoUin. J. C, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Spolder, Franz, far. : P. O. Eagle Lake. Struve, Wm., liiniber merchant; P. O. Beechei'. Stenhoff. Christian, far.; P. O. Beecher. Steadt, Wm., far.; P. O. lieeelier. Stratinan, Henrv, far.; P. O. Beecher. Stensloff, Fi-ed, far.: P.O. Beecher. Strain, Win., far.; I'. (). Beeclier. Tat;j;c, John 11., far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Tatgmeier, C., far.; P. O. Beecher. Thnrman. Wm., far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Thede, Fied, far.; !'. O. Beecher. Tetmeiei-, lolin, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Tramm, Julin, far.; P. O. Jieeclier. Thnrman, H., shoemaker; P. O. Eagle Lake. Volandt, Wm., far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Vorkawfer, Julius; P. O. Beecher. Maxwell. J()sei)li, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Valmer, Henry, far.; P. O. Beecher. Vashage, Henry, far.; P. O. Beecher. Von Alvern, Henry, carpenter; P. O. Beecher. Wehmhoefer, Henry, blacksmith; P. O. Eagle Lake. Wendeling, Geo., far.; P. O. Beecher. Weirzenburg, H., far.; P. O. Beecher. Wherman, Fred, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Witt, Charles; P. O. Beecher. Wilke.Fred, far.; P. O. Fade Lake. Wedeking, Chris., far.; P.O. Beecher. Wills, Chris., Lib.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Wille. Clirist, far.; P. O. Beecher. Wilkemiing, ('..far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. VVilkenning, C, far.; P. O. Eagle Lake. Wilis, Philip. Wille. .lohn, far.; P. O. Beecher. AVillis, Christian, far.; P. O. Beecher. Woennick, August, far.; P. O. Beecher. AV^etterhausen, L.. saloon ; P. O. Beecher. Wolter, Heinrich, far.; P. O. Beecher. Wolter, Wilhelm. far.; P. O. Beecher. Wolters, Heinrich, far.; P. O. Beecher. Wood, railroad agent; P O. Beecher. Zarn, Chris., far. ; P. O. Eagle Lake. Zirzow, John, far.; P. O. Beecher. WILL TOWNSHIP. Adams, Henry, far. Adams, Geo., "far. ; P. O. Peotone. Albers, L., far.; P. O. Monee. Backman, Henry, far.; P. O. Monee. Baxter. Benj., fa"r.; P. O. Peotone. Baird, W. Z. far.; P. O. Peotone. Baird. H. H..far.; P.O. Peotone. Bain, W., far.; P. O. Peotone. Bain, A., far.; P.O. Peotone. Bain. Robert, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Barber. J as., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Board, 1). J., far., P. O. Peotone. Bnmes, Henry, far. ; P. O. Monee. Biockman, Henry, far. ; P. O. Monee. Bockelmann. W..'far. ; P. O. Beecher. Budda, Bernard, far.; P. O. Peotone. Bunty. B., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Bradigom. Henry. Chicago. Buckmire, Christian, far. ; P. O Beecher. Carr. R. B.. far. Caldenl)urg. Henerick. Centrill. O. C. Centrill, A., far. Chamberlain, W.. far., P. O. Peotone. Chamberlain. Elijah, far.; P. O. Peotone. Clonswig, Carl C." far. ; P. O. Monee. Constable. W.. far.; P. O. Peotone. Courtiiouner, John, Peotone. Cowan, A., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Colling, Gottlieb, far. ; P. O. Goodenow. 976 REAL ESTATE OAVNERS OF WILL COUNTY: Craig, A., tar.; P. (). Goodenow. Craig, llobt., tar. : P. O. Goodenow. Dauby. Geo., tar.; P. (). Goodenow. Darl. Fred, Goodenow. Dernby, W., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Dopp, Jolm, far.; P. O. Beecher. Essons. W., far.; P. O. Peotone. Erichson. Paul, far. ; P. O. Monee. Esson, AV., far. ; P. O. Monee. Essons, Tlios., far.; P. O. Peotone. Egan, J^ilrifk, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Pells, Christian, Peotone. (renter, Carl, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Gorman, .John, far.; P. O. Monee. Godfrey. Henry A., Mrs., Monee. Gorman, A., far.; P. O. lV)tone. Gridley. J. M., far. ; P. O. Peotone. (Jrace, August. Peotone. ( }rant, Robt., far. ; P. O. Peotone. (hant. Thos., far. ; P. O. Peotone. (h-ant, Peter, fai-. ; P. O. Peotone. Greloff. Fred. far. ; P. O. Peotone. Hasseman, J.,far. ; P. 0. Monee. Harm, E. E., Peotone. Hasselniayer. E., far. : P. O. Peotone. Henrich, F., far. ; l*eotone. Hendricks, Henry. Peotone. Hood. C, far. ; P. (). Peotone. Holden, C C. P., Chicago. Hudson, Wm., Chicago. .Johnson, Peter, far. ; P. (). Peotone. Kesler, Ludwig, far. ; P. O. Beecher. Kenbigen, Carl. Killenbeck, John, far. Kopman, Henry, far. Kolling, Conrad, far. ; Beecher. Krohan, John, far.; P. O. Peotone. Krohn, Chris, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Lawson, Jacob, Chicago. J.ankon, Chas., far.; P. 0. Beecher. J^ewis, B. M., Chicago. Lilley, Fred, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Eilley, A. P., far. : P. O. Peotone. Lilley, F. P., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Loetz, John, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Ludwig, Thos., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Lutz, John, far.; P. O. Peotone. Luke, Fred, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Maxwell, Jas., far. ; P. 0. Monee. Mainwood, Ezekiel, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Matthews, Conrad, far.; P. O. Beecher. Master, Thos., Peotone. Mastholin, Jas. 8., Peotone. McMahon, Pat, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Meyer, Geo., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Nahl, Fred. far. Neill, Henry, far. ; P. (). Monee. Norman, Robert, far. Ormstedt, O. T., far. O'Neil, Carl J., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Patterick, Thomas, far.; P. O. Monee. Patterson, R., far. ; P. O. l^eotone. Peterson, K., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Peterson, H., far. : P. O. Peotone. Powis, John, far.; P. O. Peotone. Powell, W., far. ; P. O. Beecher. Rolling, Arthur, far. ; P. O. Monee. Rulendorf, Henry, far.; P. (). Peotone. Roscoe, David, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Rice, J. L, far.; P. C). Peotone. Sayre, Geo., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Salarious, Elias, far.; P.,0. Monee. iSchnuviss, H. far. ; P. O. Peotone. 8chultz, Joachim, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Schroeder, Fred, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Schrivus, Abraham, fai". ; P. O. Peotone. Schillsted. Ole, far. ; 1\ O. Peotone. , Schaffner. Jacob, far.; P. O. Peotone. Schultz, Josepli, far.; P. O. Monee. Smith, C, far.; P. O. Peotone. Smith, Christ, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Smitli, Geo. W., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Smith, Chaiies, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Smith. J. C. ; P. O. Peotone. Smith, John, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Smith. Fred, far.: P. Sollitt, JohnB.. far.; Sodoman, .)ohn. far.; Steinberger, Fred H. Starbuck, Henry, far, Stathast, Ernst, far. ; Steinberger, F. H.. far.; Stade, Louis, far, ; P. O O. Monee. P.O. Peotone. P. O. Peotone. far. : P. O. Peotone. : P. b. Peotone. P. O. Peotone. P. ( ). Peotone. Beecher. Tait, Wju., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Thomas, Wm., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Thinsfield, Deidrick, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Theinfeildt, D.. far. ; P. O. Beecher. Tucker. Thomas, far. : P. O. Monee. Vinson. J. J., far.; P. O, Peotone. Wainick, Reuben, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Warnake, AVm., far. ; P. O. Peotone. Westgate, C. A., far.; P. O. Peotone. Welcii. Richard, far.; P. O. Peotone. Weiker, Henry, far.; Weifert, W. N., far. : Westenfeldt, Henry, far. ; P. O. Peotone. Williams, David; P. O. Chicago. Williams, .lames; P. O. Chicago. Woodard, Wm., far. ; P. O. Monee. Zirzow, Fred, far. ; P. O. Monee. P. O. Peotone. P. O. Peotone. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOLIET. Andrews, Alex., Dealer in Staple and Fancy Groceries, Flour and Feed, Cigars and Tobacco, corner Cass. street and Eastern avenue. Akin, E. H., Dealer in Real Estate, Aiken's Block, 65 Jefi'erson street. Adler, P. P., Dealer in Live Stock, Wholesale and Retail Meat Market, No. 17 Chicago street. Abbott, George, Proprietor New England Restaurant, corner Jefferson and Chicago streets. Arnold & Bowen, Dealers in Gro- ceries and Provisions, and Proprietors of the Joliet Steam Coffee and Spice Mills, and Wholesale Dealers in Coffees and Spices of every description. Cof- fees roasted for the trade. Office and mills, Nos. 27, 29 and 32 Bluff street. All Goods delivered from the wagon. Adler, Jacob, Dealer in Cattle, Horses, Hogs, Sheep and Stock of all kinds. Office at Adler's Market, Chi- cago street. Alfrick, F., General Blacksmith. All kinds of Blacksmithing done at short notice, and satisfaction guaranteed. Horse-shoeing a specialty. 71 North Bluff street. Adelman, Peter, Dealer in Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries, Glassware, etc. etc., 22 Jefferson street. Burden, A., Merchant Tailor, No. 19 Ottawa street, opposite Central Presby- terian Church. Braun, Jos., Proprietor of Apollo Hall. No. 103 Jefferson street. Bush, J. E., Dealer in Grain. Office and warehouse on Des Planes street. Barber, Randall & Fuller, At^ torneys at Law, Centennial Block, op- posite Court House. To facilitate trials of real estate cases, collections, and other business, this firm keeps a com- plete set of books of Abstracts of Title for this county, which also enables them to place loans of money on undoubted security. Burke, Thomas, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable. Best of livery teams sup- plied upon liberal terms, at short notice. Bluff street, south of Exchange street. Byrnes, Christy, Dealer in all kinds of Staple and Fancy Groceries, Flour and Feed, No. 104 South Chicago street. Goods delivered to any part of the city. Brown, J. H. & Co., comer Jefferson and Joliet streets. Dealers in Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, Fine Toilet Soaps, Hair and Tooth Brushes, Perfumery and Fancy Articles, Trusses, Braces, and Druggists' Sundries generally, Paints, Oils, Glass, Putty and Dye Stuffs ; Physicians' prescriptions care- fully compounded ; Pure Wines and 978 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Liquors for medicinal purposes ; Cigars, Blank-Books, Paper, Pens, Pencils, etc. Bruce, James, & Co., Dealers in all kinds of Stone. Quarries between RoUing-Mill and Penitentiary. Campbell, M. B., Dr. Homeopathic Physician and Surgeon. Office, 79 Jef- ferson street. Office hours. 8 to 11 o'clock A. M., and 2 to 4 P. M. Carpenter & Marsh, Proprietors of Union Transfer Elevator. Dealers in Grain and Feed, opposite C. &. A. passenger depot. Culver, J. J., Shipper of Live-Stock, and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all kinds of Fresh and Salt Meats, Dried Beef, Hams, Tongues, Sausages, Lard, Pish, Poultry, Game, etc., Bluff Street Market. Chittenden, Northup & Co., Dealers in Dry Goods and Notions, cor- ner Jefferson and Chicago streets. Casey, John R., M. D , Physician and Surgeon. Office and residence cor- ner of Scott and Van Buren streets. Chamberlain, S. S., & Son, Fur niture, 92 State street, Lockport, and 24 Chicago street, Joliet. CurtiSS, Romaine J.,M. D., Phy- sician and Surgeon. Office and resi- dence No. 18 Broadway. Cagwin, A., & Co., Dealers in Grain. Office, Center street, near Ward's plan- ing-mill. Cope, H.W,, Manufacturer of and Deal- er in Horse-CoUars of every description, No. 59 N. Bluff street. All collars made to order guaranteed to give satis- faction. Carson Bros., Dealers in all kinds of Staple and Fancy Groceries, No. 8 Ex- change street, West Side. Goods deliv- ered to any part of the city. Caswell, Wallace B., Proprietor St. Nicholas Hotel. First class accommo- dations ; charges moderate ; near the business part of the city, opposite C, A. & St. L. R. R. depot. Daly, Eugene, Undertaker and Deal- er in Furniture, No. 5 Exchange street. Doolittle, R., Justice of the Peace, Conveyancer and agent for the payment of taxes, G9 .Jefferson street. Dougall, Wm., M. D., Physician and Surgeon, 63 Jeffer.son street. Of- fice hours, 8 A. M. to 12 M., and 3 P. M. to 6 P. M. Devine, Frank, Contractor and Builder. Shop and office, corner South Ottawa and De Kalb streets, opposite 6th Ward Schoolhouse. Carpeoter work in all its branches performed in a satisfactory manner ; plans and specifi- cations furnished ; jobbing promptly at- tended to. ElwOOd, James G., Real Estate Dealer, etc. Office, over post office. Eder, H., Lager Beer Brewer, corner Summit and Bridge streets. First National Bank of Joliet, Geo. Woodruff, President; F. W. Woodruff, Cashier. Special attention given to collections; loans negotiated. Fox, O., Dealer in fine Ready- Made Clothing, Hats, Caps, Ladies' Cloaks Furs, Furnishing Goods, Trunks, etc. A specialty in fine custom-made suits. Guarantee a perfect fit. Red front, next to First National Bank. Fithian & Avery, Attorneys and Counselors. Office, Centennial Block. Fahrner, D., Dr., No. 14 N. Centre street. Fay, W. D., Photograph Artist. New Gallery, 94 Jefferson street. Work promptly finished. Satisfaction guar- anteed. BUSINESS DIRECTORY L)81 Grinton, Wm., Jr., l^^al Estate and Loans, No. — , Chicago street. Garnsey & Knox, Lawyers. Good- speed's Building, corner Jefferson and Chicago streets. Hagar & Flanders, Attorneys at Law. Office in the Court House. Haviland, Frank, Proprietor of Livery, Sale and Boarding Stable, cor- ner Joliet and Van Buren streets. Haley & O'Donnell, Attorneys at Law, and Solicitors in Chancery. Office in Walsh's Building, corner Joliet and Jefferson streets. Heise, A. W., Physician and Surgeon. Office and residence, corner Ottawa and Webster streets. Houck & Brown, Tanners and Cur- riers, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Sole Leather and Shoe Findings of all descriptions. Cash paid for Hides, Tal- low a" d Pelts. No. 5 Joliet street. House, George S., Attorney at Law. Hand, M. P., Dr., Dentist. Hosmer, G. H., M. D., Physician and Surgeon. Office, 18 Jefferson street. Hayen, Henry H., Blacksmith. All kinds of blacksmithing done at short notice ; also Manufacturer of Wagons and Buggies, Marble-workers and Stone- masons' Tools, 91 N. Bluff street. IngallS, L. E., Real Estate Agent. Real Estate bought and sold ; Money loaned on real estate, No. 73 Jefferson street. Joliet Morning News, Published every morning, Sundays excepted. Nel- son, Ferriss & Co., Proprietors. Sub- scription price 1 cent per copy, or 25 cents per month, sent to any address, postage paid. Joliet Sun, Sun Printing Company, 33 and 35 Chicago street. Daily Sun 65.00 a year, in advance ; Weekly Sun $1.50 a yejir in advance. All kinds of Book and Job Printing at very low prices. Joliet Collection Agency, office in the Centennial Block, Jefferson street. Collections promptly attended to. E. W^ilcox, Justice of the Peace. Refer by permission to First National Bank. Joliet Soap Works, Chas. W. Cleg- horn, Proprietor. Laundry Soap a specialty. Office and Factory north of Hyde's Mill. Joliet Stone Company, Quarry- men and Dealers in every variety of Joliet Stone, and Creneral Stone Con- tractors. Quarries on South Richards street, also on Cass street ; office, Duck- er's Block. Special attention given to the execution of plans, and all orders for Cut, Rubbed and sawed Stone. Joliet City Bank, of F. L. Cagwiu & Sons. Joliet Record, The, Published every Friday, by D. C. Henderson. Office corner of Jefferson and Ottawa streets. Terms, $L50 per year in advance. The Jobbing Department is supplied wit.l the most improved machinerj'^, and mod- ern types and fixtures, for doing print- ing expeditiously and in the most satis- factory manner. Orders by mail prompt- ly filled at lowest figures. The legal profession will find our facilities com- plete for printing Abstracts, Briefs, etc. Legal Blanks in common use kept on hand, and others furnished on short notice. Joliet Quarries. Wm. Davidson & Bro., Quarrynien and Dealers in Dimen- sion, Flagging and Rubble Stone. Or- ders for Cut Stone solicited and promptly filled by canal or railroad. Office at quarries, one mile south of Joliet. Kelly, Thomas J., Jefferson street, Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Dry 982 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Goods, Notions and Fancy Goods. Ladies' Corsets a specialty ; Sole Agent for the Alista Perfumed Corset. Prices always the lowest ; call and examine. King & Bishop (Established in ISfcitlj, Dealers in all kinds of Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Cedar Posts, Building Paper and Carpet Felt. Yards on Des Planes street, formerly occupied by Hardy & Blanchard. Knowlton, E. R., Dealer in Grain, Hard and Soft Coal, and Wood. Coal- yard at Elevator, south end of Eastern avenue. Parties desiring to order coal or wood can call at Hobbs & Knowlton 's; at the Will Co. Bank, and talk through the telephone, thus saving the trouble of coming to the yard. Krause, Julius, Watchmaker and Jeweler, Dealer in Watches, Clocks) Musical Instruments, Silverware, Spec- tacles, etc.. No. 43 Jefferson Street. Repairing done in the best manner. Keissling, Frederick, Butcher and Stock Dealer in all kinds of Fresh and Salt and Smoked Meats constantly on hand; also Manufacturer of all kinds of Sausage in the market. Live-Stock bought and sold. Market and office, North Bluff' street. , Keyes, John, Proprietor Cut-Off Drug Store. Dealer in Pure Drugs, Medicines, Perfumery, Tolietand Fancy Articles, Choice Wines and Liquors for medicinal use, and all Druggists' Sun- dries, Fine Imported and Domestic Cigars. Physicians' Perscriptions care- fully prepared. Store on Washington street, opposite Bush's elevator. Lyford, H. M., Dealer in Clothing and Gents' Furnishing Goods, Hats, Caps and Furs, corner Jefferson and Ottawa streets. Lambert, John, Wholesale and Re- tail Dealer in Hard and Soft Coal ; Wilkesbarre, Lump Lehigh, Blossburg^ Brier Hill, Indiana Block and Wilmino- ton Coal, supplied to manufacturers and dealers to all points by rail or canal. Office jorner Jefferson street and Chi- cago & Alton R. R. Mason, E. B., Real Estate and Loans, 63 Jefferson street, up stairs. Millspaugh, I. T., Police Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. Collections promptly attended to. Monroe, G., & Son, Wholesale Deal- ers and Shippers of Produce, and Gro- cers, Opera House Block. Mack, U., Manufacturer of and Whole- sale and Retail Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 33 Jefferson street. Munn & Munn, Attorneys at Law, 69 Jefferson street. Munroe, George J., Attorney at Law and Financial Agent, Akin Block, No. 65 Jefferson street. Collections made throughout the west. Money loaned on approved security. Notary Public. Mason & Plants, Lumber Dealers, and Manufacturers of Sash, Doors and Blinds, Frames, Moldings, Brackets, etc., etc.; Proprietors of Stone City Planing-Mill, office and yard, corner of Des Planes and Cass Streets. Mansion House, one block north of Court House. Strictly Temperance House ; prices to suit the times ; street cars pass its doors to and from the Fair Grounds, Penitentiary, etc. J. C. Dill- man, Proprietor. Munch, F., Dealer in Hard and Soft Coal, Wood and Coke. Office, corner Scott and Jefferson streets, near Chi- cago & Alton freight depot. Murphy Brothers, Livery and Feed Stable, No. 31 South Joliet street. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 983 Mackin, P., Dealer in (Jroceries, Pro- visions. Flour and Produce, No. 33 S. Chicajro street. Hi^ Z> ^ -^ Cusfer OhaniiJihon Crete Dii Patje Florence Krankfort GreoDfiiiriieii HoiniT Jack-ioii Joliet Lockport Hiiiiliiittiin Monee New Lenox Plainfield Peotoiie Reed Troy Wheatland... Wilmington .. Wesley Wilton Will Washington.. SO 103 131 139 111 154 117 1S7 166 85 142 138 162 9:', Corn. Acres Bush. 3004 46.54 3963' 5212 6702! 5721 6351 4347 7911 2898 5094 8371 5243 4137 186 7350i 147 80821 in 4811 141 8044 170 7303 59 3279 93 472? 187 8545 146 6973 164 3919 Winter Wheat. Acres. Bu.sh. 80791 1.55110 111395 171070... 2IS81(, ... 1SS9(»0 .. ]()0'.l.5ll .. 123812 274300 89210.. 162905 210330.. 133940 .. 151933 .. 265347 281770.. 10550 .. 303213 .. 294200 9II9S9 ... 164960 379542 .., 204621 .., 149784.. 8 16 34'; 13 32 30 no 34 170 400 58 704 180 644 Spring Wheat Acre.4.1 Bush, 338 42 7 24 77 63 38 36 5 61 4607 747 75 400 894 855 630 1085 7 202 15 2340 SCO ■■"24 (S I 247 ! 18 91 20141 35 - 413 I 145 4370 2971 1212! 2.32| 394 4394I Oats. Acres. Biisli 37 939 3292 3624 2155 4822 3645 2281 2987 981 2236 3857 4927 2(Jl7 2916 3102 65 1903 4379 506 718 2611 2845 3611 142SS 36529 112480 197801 97121 175170 138400 110162 14l:i.S(i 39703 112472 16510 148930 lo'i:i94 155',i4:i 1122-0 1735 90855^ 227537 19130 3(M23 111470 73602 145396 Kye. Barlev. Acres.! Bush. ! Acres. Busb. 606 72 10 35 151 2 2 176' 43 lesl 15[ 5, .521 6O: 551 281 121 2770I 1485 89 700 2980 60 26 3110 1045 10(1 4571 17 160 150 1810J 115 1514 1134. ]4(Ht. 990 . .5550 335i \^% 12, 390 100 159 TOWNS. Buckwheat. Castor Beans. Beans. Pease. Irish Potatoes. Sweet. Apple Potatoes. Orchards. Acres. Bush. Acres. Bush. Acres. Bush. Acres. Bush. Acres. Buiih. Acres Bush. Acres. ' Bush. Custer 57 1 s 3 2 7 4 25 2 518 12 SI 67 16 126 60 319 34 10 200 45 113 117 108 82 208 135 183 89 dQl,: 3593 6895 50 Crete 96(HI 8195 •>l'5i / Du Page 'T.lV " Jill 1 5731 15170 7.'^'65 11638 8887 9060 9446 5880 10965 3:>30 14225 7113 2030 9749 Frankfort 1 20 1 1 1 20 10 10 •>»;■' Greengarden r'5 Homer Jackson 5 21il 2 1*1 '\ .loliet ll ,50 Lockport 9 VI % 2 3% 30 1' 100 " '>46i 57 Manhattan 128 200 1091.1 20 120 128 '4 64 4l9i 81% 150'j \■^T^ Monee 39)5() 91.59 62.571 890;il 71 i 11 We^ley 8 33 140 60 Wilton 1.17 „ i.., 234' 11 Will 13 5'4 J 35 1 \'>\ ' 5j) Washington 2^ 26 78'4' STATEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, kc— Confimted. TOWNS. Peach Orchard. Pear Orch- ard. Acres. Tobacco. Broom Corn. Hemp Flax. Timothy Meadow. Clover Meadow. Prairie Meadow. Acres. Bush. Acie-. Lbs. Acres. Lbs. Acre?. Acres. Acres. Tons. Acres. Tons, i Acres. Tons. Custer 4 4000 1129 1749 2260 9591 1188 2S21 2309 4031 2561 3050 144 3(!83 3534 2107 3055 2500 13<6 185 3251305 1382 110 394| 253 309 5' 10 2218 3249 Du Page 2' ! 40 811 ' 805 1 2000 24 :i;;67 ''TMh 73 109 1660 1943 Frankfort 30 30 186.'; i9.:«o Grfoiieriirdeii ... 26 3264 2438 189-'..'5 2293 ' 2!i(;3 1507 1823 2761 60 6^ 7 2101 |2643 3068 (3191 M-Onee 529 Now Lenox 3074 399 5087 % 65 1 500 2084 1478 lOii 9533 3635 2068 207 3212 4625 1336 1838 2218 3156 2282 »4 718: 850 Inofi Pfotonp .... '2415 13185 Reed :::::::::r:::::::: 1 1 546 1080 576 Troy 32 F>-> 1010 AiV'h<*atlaiid .... 572>^ ■ 1 3i:!9 20 20: 779 906 ^N'ilniitigton ... 10 1 8S5 1488 l.S75%i 1703 594 2145 Wesley 94 149 706 Wilton 6(! 76 22691,^ 2273' :, Will 93 142 2858 2130 1877 j2092 Washington .... 1 '1001VCI1339 1-^ TOWNS. Hungarian and Millet. Sorghum. Vineyard. Turnip and other Root Crops. Other Fruit, Berries, etc. Other Crops. Pasture. not including Woodland. Woodland, not includ- ing Pasture Acre.s. Tons. Gals. Acres. |Slrup. Acres. Gals. Wine. Acres. Value. Acres. Value. Acres. Value. Acres. Acres. 50 9 36 23 2% 174 3 40 8120 2207 5283 1639 1127 814 Crete Du Page 19 60 8 10 29 92 12 5228 ' 2056 Florence 1 l'/2 50 2 225 4386 4460 1664 5236 3458 2065.81 4551 5959 3255 4940 4343 3307 745 4647.31 4561 2650 3530 5240.60 239 Frankfort 1 2323 Green garden 18 994 9000 Homer 2925 3 4 iis 18 79.S Joliet 45 IK 140% 66 [jockiiort 36 48 60 482 1 1 Monee 79 25 iz ' 40' 9 1 ^r^n 994 New Ijcnox 3 9 10 20 200 2000 Plaiiifield 20 200(1 125 J^ Pe((tone Reed 92 Troy 2457 Wheatland 10 Wilmington 8 6 6'^ 10 8 9 175 Wesley 4 2% 2% 381 135 220 1293 Wilton 1 8 389.96 Will 78Vi;l 54 % .^ 20 125 $3239 Washiniton 133 " 85 2K 141 4256.25 40 STATEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, k^.— Continued. TOWNS. lUncultivat'dl I Lanrl, not 'Wooillaiuior ' J'astiire. Acres. Area Town orCityKealj Kstate. L Total Number of Acres. I Acres. SHEEP. Slieej) Killed by Dogs. Av. Val No. pr. Head o o • > c 1-1 cZ iFatSh'pSold Av. \Vt pr Head. DAIRT. KiNo. No. ( 'ows Kei)t Llis. Lbs. Butter t'lie'se Sold . Sold . Galp. ' Oiils. Crenrn IMilk Solil.l Sold. Custer Cliuniiahon... Crete Du P:ige Florence Frankfort GretMigarden., Homi'r ■laiksou .lolict Lockport Manhattan ... Monee New Lenox... I'lainfieUI Peotone Keed Trey AVheatland.... Wilmington .. Wesley Wilton Will Washington .. 89:$ 3681 7(1 345 1748 3') 75.75 416 160 360 25 692 1727 339 CO 418 40 470 480 1326.24 457 3710.75 233.22 65o""" 10G83V 17981 14(164', 3all5 17159 228351,^ 22884 2H63 187fi(t 82.56.66'^ 1(552% 226147 211,55; 3 14468 21904% 1S(^49 2180 21931 .31 22122 9894 165321.^ 229.59.26 186147-g 20293-)| 112 33 3 15 12 85 00 2 37 2 00 3 00 3 lu 3 12 3 00 14 00 15691 595 369 4275 230 1880 63h 3216 UiSO 80(1 2499 16U 438 1185 2700 27 52 10 78 18 145 11 104 124 129 15 5 00 2970 30 4 00 1649 1220] 925] 1663 V 129 30 25 85 125 120 78; 90' 113 85; 1011 60 50 110> 1.5ol 165! 123 65 90 132 546 420 965 1171 798' 835 782 899, 701 282 896, 5.57 1 833 6481 754' 903 178 6.51 149 572 567 742 629 988. 15549 25075 3=^.645 787.55 27871 25780 20."i30 520901 37586 9250 25649 350(10 31 175 53190 53328 24792 :,:>m 255.32 104230 13510 6880 30220' 22557' 27312' . 2.59119 , 31303 5100 487GO 4(H)(l . 129724 ,1 7r.'8i , 1851.58 .1 49250 . 425 , 7200 ,1.56818 100 ! 27600 110745 61 1| 810 100 JO I 18880 . 142495 . 131145 CATTLE. TOWNS. No. Fall Average Cattle Weight Sold. Per Head, Custer Channahou..., Crete Du Page Florence Frankfort .... Greengardeu., Homer Jackson .Toliet Lockport Manhattan ... Monee Now Lenox... Pluinfield .... Peotone Reed Troy Wheatland ... WilniiDgton . Wesley Wilton Will Washington.. 93 2742 110 310 593 244 38 64 724 106 240 107 37 380 400 252 38 627 337 414 284 616 132 34' 980 llUO 8.53 1221 1125 KJOO 753 1059 700 1019 960 1000 700 1113 994 1120 920 1274 1100 1076 1143 11,56.46 922 1370 HO(JS. Fat Hogs Sold. No. Av. Val pr. Head Fat Hogs Died of Cholera. No. 885' 1434 1937 1933 1400} 8671 949 1 1791, 1.507! 601 1047 1408' 7561 27631 2883 24691 79 24.53! 1481 1050' 30(J9 2264 1366 1168 i;2 44 2 50 2 37 2 72 2 54 2 50 1 21 2 00 2 82 2 75 2 68 2 50 2 40 3 00 2 95 2 62 2 17 35 134 299 316 38 50 44 89 Av. Wt. pr. Head 87 Timothy Seed. MISCELLAN KOUS CROPS. Clover Seed. Bushels. Bushels. Hung'n Millet. Bushels. Fla.x Seed. Bushels. Pounds Grapes. 69 115 100 100 4 275 35 97 100 90 2 28 130 106 2 50 12 60 2 34 25 100 2 76',^ 487 43 2 71.81 45 118.44 2 47'/.^ 46 oG 2 05 1.5(1 99 200 31 15, 194 1220 100 1907 . 1.51 24 , 10 40 61 587 47 133 1022 1098,. 200 125 , 239 1625 1500 910 , 67 1387 '. 280 500 30. 5C0 276 965 , 1129 22. 14. 109 . 429 741 12.52 , 1480 11931 3i, 231 [ 5807 4000 i'ssVi 1668 . 4000 23 , 37; 25 . 626 1481i 1681 1616> 1000 40 Whole Number of Statements Returned. ^ FARM CROPS. Corn Winter Wheat.., Spring. Wheat... Oats Eye Barley Buckwheat Castor Beans.... Beans Peas Irish Potatoes... Sweet Potatoes . Apple Oi'chard . Peach Orchard. Pear Orchard... Acres, 1877. Tobacco Broom Corn. Hemp Fiber. Flax Fiber... Bush. Prod.1877. Timothy Meadow Clover Meadow* Prairie Meadow Hungarian and Millet. Sorghum , Vineyards Turnip and other Root crops Other Fruits and Berries not included above in Orchard. Other crops not named above Pasture not included in Woodland , Woodland not included in Pasture Uncultvated land, not included as Woodland and Pasture. Area City and Town real estate, not included above , Total number of acres in county 417977 1323:32 112i 1684i 60796" 1438 431 226i 1| 29t«o 2^' 2650;3^^ 2 4025i 576 10 5| 3 24 764 43G15 4481 30180^^5 50of 12| mi 22" 9148^63^ 88552 17530^ 17279 l«07 22 4324432 2330 23069 2415712 28732 826 2567.V 22"" 427 106 189506 125 1639 Vtz. produced. 67t;5 10500 Tons produced. 56965*^ 7474" 36600^ 428" Gals, produced. 1385 Ga's. Wine made. 240 LIVE STOCK, 1877. SHEEP. auantity Number of Sheep killed by dogs Average value per bead, Sheep killed by Dogs Number of pounds of Wool shorn Number of Fat Sheep sold Average weight per head, Fat Sheep sold lbs. DAIRY. Number of Cows kept Pounds of Butter sold Pounds of Cheese sold •• Gallons Cream sold Gallons Milk sold 1 CATTLE. Number of Fat Cattle sold Average weight per head Fat Cattle sold lbs. HOGS. Number Fat Hogs sold Average gross weight per head Fat Hogs sold lbs. Number Hogs and Pigs died of Cholera •• Average gross weight per head of Swine died of Cholera lbs. CROPS, ETC. Number bushels Timothy Seed produced Number bushels Clover Seed produced Number btishels Hungarian and Millet Seed [)roduce(l Number bushels Flax Seed produced Number pounds Grapes produced or Value. 252 %?, 39 30582 961 108 17366 787012 57860 10060 322646 9352 942 37600 254 2064 87 9513 1898 4744 13111 15815 Biography Received Too Late for Insertion in its Proper Place. PROF. ISAAC S. PALMER, Joliet ; was born April 14, 1819, in Norwich, Norfolk Co., England ; at the age of 9, he went to Edinburgh, where he was associ- ated with the immortal George Combe, and, through his influence, gained admission to the famous Edinburgh Medical Institute, where he remained until he was 18, after which he entered public life as a lecturer on phrenology ; in 1849, the Professor sailed for America, for the purpose of col- lecting specimens of the native Indians and learn from practical experience the types of their character, and then return to England and lecture upon the subject ; [ in 1852, he went to St. Paul, purchased a boat and traveled the entire length of the Mississipjii River,and collected over five hun- dred Indian skulls and many other relics, all of which were destroyed by fire ; the enter- prise was then given up, and he decided to make America his home. Since 1867, he has been a citizen of Joliet, having married, at that time, Mrs. Elisabeth F. Aylesworth, daughter of Charles W. Bran- don. He still follows his favorite profes- sion, lecturing on phrenology, physiology, anatomy and geology ; also the practice of medicine. ERRATUM. The Biography of Barber. Randall & Fuller, of Joliet, should have been among the B's ; was placed in the R's by mistake. ■^ LBAp'lB H 17 R 81 ^ tt. . , A • A^ o * O , O ' - o I, ' * ^^•^^ .^ ^°-n(. ^o-n^ *> ,^^ "<^. ^^r^ t • .-J ^ ■ .,r tO^^t- '«» ♦ ^"^ "^^ 'U.r^^ ,^ - - -^' ^ -,.0- oj ,}> •.' ie»- -^ N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962 ^° '^^> • <^/iJ^\ .HO^ ''^^'o^M<^Smmm^ ;«:iE=°^ •"''fiiUliililillillJ ,, ° 0^6 096 019 A