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MEMOIR 
 
 REV. NATHANIEL WARD, A.M., 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE 
 
 SIMPLE COBBLER OF AGAWAM IN AMERICA. 
 
 NOTICES OF HIS FAMILY. 
 
 JOHN WARD DEAN. 
 
 ALBANY : 
 J. MUNSELL, 82 STATE STREET. 
 
 1868. 
 

PREFACE. 
 
 The writer of this memoir has long felt a strong de- 
 sire to know more of the history of the Rev. Nathaniel 
 Ward than could be learned from the brief sketches 
 of his life that, from time to time, have appeared in 
 periodicals and other works. This learned divine 
 was one of the earliest of our American authors ; and 
 his merits as^a writer, as well as his services in com- 
 piling the early laws of Massachusetts, have made his 
 name familiar to the readers of New England history. 
 But the facts related concerning him in the fullest of 
 those sketches, were found to be scanty and unsatis- 
 factory; and, many years ago, the writer began to 
 collect such notices of Mr. Ward's life and writings, 
 as fell in his way in the course of his reading. 
 
 The present biography has been compiled from 
 materials gleaned from various and scattered sources. 
 It is not so full in its details as the writer would like, 
 and probably not so full as some subsequent investi- 
 gator may make it ; yet he has been quite as successful 
 in obtaining materials as he hoped for when he began 
 his labors. 
 
 The appendix, besides other matters, contains bio- 
 graphic sketches of Mr. Ward's two brothers, and of 
 his oldest son. These sketches are believed to be 
 more full than any previously published. The will 
 of Mr. Ward's father is curious and interesting. 
 The pedigree of the Ward family, by Candler, here 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 printed from the Bodleian Library, is a most valuable 
 document. The rough draft of this pedigree in the 
 British Museum has long been known, but its arrange- 
 ment is so confused, that it is of little value compared 
 with that here printed. The list of Mr. Ward's writ- 
 ings, which also will be found in the appendix, has 
 been prepared with much care, and it is hoped that it 
 will be found of service to the readers of this memoir. 
 In preparing this volume, the author has been in- 
 debted to Col. Joseph L. Chester of London, and Rev. 
 Thomas W. Davids of Colchester, England, for some 
 of the most valuable materials here used, consisting 
 largely of the result of their original researches. For 
 the loan of rare books or other assistance, he would 
 acknowledge his indebtedness to Samuel G. Drake, 
 A.M., George Brinley, Esq., Charles Deane, A.M., 
 James Lenox, Esq., Evert A. Duyckinck, Esq., J.Win- 
 gate Thornton, A. M., William Reed Deane, Esq., the 
 Rev. Henry M. Dexter, D.D., William H. Whitmore, 
 A.M., Jeremiah Colburn, Esq., and William S. Apple- 
 ton, A. M. He would also return thanks to John H. 
 Sheppard, A.M., John L. Sibley, A.M., and William 
 F. Poole, Esq., the librarians of the Eew England 
 Historic-Genealogical Society, of Harvard University, 
 and of the Boston Athenaeum ; and to John Appleton, 
 M.D., the assistant librarian of the Massachusetts His- 
 torical Society, for their courtesy in allowing him the 
 use of the libraries under their charge. 
 
 Boston, Mass., May 1st, 1868. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Chap. Page. 
 
 I. Introduction, ....... 9 
 
 II. Mr. Ward's Education and Travels, ... 20 
 
 III. Rectorship of Stondon Massey, . . . . 29 
 
 IV. Pastorate at Ipswich, Mass., . . 44 
 
 V. The Body of Liberties, .... 54 
 
 VI. Arrival and Settlement of Mr. Ward's relatives, 68 
 
 VII. Political and Religious Affairs, . 75 
 
 VIII. Close of Mr. Ward's Residence in New England, . 83 
 
 IX. Mr. Ward's Publications, .... 91 
 
 X. Mr. Ward's Ministry at Shenfield, . ■ . Ill 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 I. Candler's Pedigree of Ward, ^ . . 121 
 
 II. Will of Rev. John Ward of Bury St. Edmunds, 130 
 
 III. Dedication of Samuel Ward's Life of Faith in 
 
 Death, . . . . . . .133 
 
 IV. Rev. John Rogers of Dedham, . . . 134 
 
 V. Biographical Sketch of Rev. Samuel Ward, B.D., 
 
 Town Preacher of Ipswich, . . . 135 
 
 VI. Biographical Notice of Rev. John Ward, a mem- 
 
 ber of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, 162 
 
viii CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 VII. Verses on Prince Rupert's Shoes, . . . 165 
 
 VIII. Lines on the Wards by Edward Johnson, . . 166 
 
 IX. Deed of Rev. Nathaniel Ward to John Eaton, 167 
 
 X. Titles of Rev. Nathaniel Ward's Publications with 
 
 Bibliographical Notes, . . . .168 
 
 XL The Religious Retreat and Petitions to Parliament, 177 
 
 XII. The Rectory of Shenfield, . . . .179 
 
 XIII. Letter of Rev. Thomas P. Ferguson, rector of 
 
 Shenfield in Essex, . . .182 
 
 XIV. Biographical Sketch of Rev. John Ward of Haver- 
 
 hill, Mass., 184 
 
 XV. Biographical Notice of James Ward, B.P., a gradu- 
 
 ate of Harvard College, . . . .195 
 
 XVI. Letters of Rev. Nathaniel Ward, ... 196 
 
REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 One of the most independent thinkers and nervous 
 writers connected, with Massachusetts in her early 
 colonial days, was the learned Nathaniel Ward, " whose 
 wit made him known to more Englands than one." 1 
 His best known production, The Simple Cobbler of Aga- 
 wam in America, was written within the borders of this 
 state, and may justly be claimed as one of the first 
 fruits of American literature. The terseness of the 
 style of this book, and the novelty of its expressions, 
 arrest the most superficial reader, while a discerning 
 eye detects many a pearl of thought or golden maxim 
 gleaming from its pages. Its quaint apothegms seem 
 to have attracted the attention of the poet Southey, for 
 a copy from his library, with some of its most striking 
 passages marked with his peculiar pencilings, has 
 found its way to this country. 2 Mather thinks that 
 the book demonstrates the author to have been a subtle 
 statesman. 1 Fuller, writing soon after his death, 
 
 1 Magnolia Christi Americana, by Cotton Mather, D.D., F.R.S., book 
 iii, chap, xxxi, sec. 2. 
 
 2 Duyckinck's Cyclopaedia of American Literature, vol. i, p. 18. 
 Some of the passages marked by Southey, are there printed. 
 
 3 Mather's Magnolia, book iii, chap, xxxi, sec. 1. 
 
 2 
 
10 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 praises his wit, and says that following the counsel of 
 Horace, 
 
 Ridentem dicere verum 
 
 Quis vetat? 
 
 " What dotli forbid but one may smile 
 And also tell the truth the while ? " 
 
 he "hath in a jesting way in some of his books de- 
 livered much smart truth of the present time." 1 
 
 Besides its wit, quaintness and sagacity, there is 
 another characteristic of the work so prominent, that 
 it is not likely to be overlooked — one, in fact, which 
 has almost overshadowed its merits in modern days. 
 The views there expressed on religious toleration, to 
 which we refer, differ so widely from the liberal feeling 
 on the subject now prevalent, that it is not strange 
 they attract attention. But, however harsh these 
 opinions may seem to us, they were not peculiar to 
 this author ; for they were shared with him by a ma- 
 jority of the people of his day, embracing the most 
 numerous religious denominations then in existence, 
 and much of the learning and piety of the age. There 
 were few sects, when he received his religious educa- 
 tion, that approved of toleration ; and, though he, him- 
 self, had been favored beyond most ministers by foreign 
 travel, his charity does not appear to have been enlarged 
 by his experience abroad. He had witnessed in Hol- 
 land, and perhaps in Switzerland, a near approach to 
 liberty of conscience as practiced at the present day ; 
 but he saw only the evils of the system, the rich train 
 of blessings being concealed from his eye, 
 
 ' It is true, the idea of toleration -did not owe its exist- 
 ence in England to the generation for which he wrote. 
 
 fuller's Worthies of England (ed. 1840), vol. in, p. 187. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 11 
 
 Its germs, at least, were found in the teachings of the 
 Anabaptists and Separatists before he was born ; and 
 at the time of his birth, or soon after, Robert Brown l 
 was boldly promulgating his views which denied 
 the right of the state to interfere in religious matters. 
 But the spirit of toleration made slow progress ; and 
 when this book appeared, it had only been for a few 
 years that any considerable number of people in that 
 country had advocated the cause of religious freedom. 
 A decided majority in the nation, even then, contended 
 for the power and duty of the magistrate to support 
 religion, and suppress heresy, as they understood these 
 terms, by the strong arm of the law. The sentiments 
 on toleration expressed in this book abound in many of 
 the sermons preached before the house of commons 2 
 and in not a few of the controversial works of the day. 
 Mr. Ward, himself, professes to be in favor of liberty 
 of conscience within what he considers reasonable 
 limits. " I have," he says, " cause enough to be as 
 charitable to others as any man living. 3 " lie thinks 
 
 1 See The Puritans and Queen Elizabeth, by Samuel Hopkins, vol. 
 II, pp. 284-315, for a fair account of the opinions and character of 
 Robert Brown and his followers. The settlers of New England, espe- 
 cially the Semi-Separatists of Plymouth, are sometimes called Brown- 
 ists, but this term was repudiated, and it cannot properly be applied to 
 any community among them. We can remember no prominent indi- 
 viduals who were Brownists, unless it be Roger Williams and Ralph 
 Smith. During the residence of Williams in Massachusetts, the reli- 
 gious opinions advanced by him, differed little, if any, from those to 
 which Robert Brown gave his name. 
 
 2 See Sermons by Rev. Dr. Cornelius Burges, in 1641 ; by Rev. 
 Arthur Salwey, in 1643 ; by Rev. Thomas Thorowgood, Humphrey 
 Hardwick, William Reyner, Edmund Calamy and Lazarus Seaman, 
 in 1644 ; by Rev. William Good and John Lightfoot, in 1645 ; by Rev. 
 Richard Vines, in 1646 ; by Rev. Thomas Case and George Hughes, 
 in 1647 ; and by Rev. Thomas Watson, in 1649. 
 
 3 Simple Oobler, 1st, 2d and 3d eds., p. 19 ; 4th, p. 20. 
 
12 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 that, "]^ot to tolerate things meerly indifferent to 
 weak consciences argues a conscience too strong," for 
 " pressed uniformity in these causes much disunity." 1 
 And further, he considers that " Tolerations in things 
 tolerable, exquisitely drawn out by the lines of the 
 Scripture and the pensill of the Spirit are the sacred 
 favours of truth, the due latitudes of Love, the fair 
 Compartiments of Christian fraternity." 2 
 
 Rev. 3 Xathaniel Ward was the son 4 of Rev. John 
 and Mrs. Susan Ward, and was born without much 
 doubt between 1578 and 1580, Mather, who gives his 
 birth-place as Haverhill, England, states that he was 
 born at an earlier date, namely in 15 70, 5 but this could 
 
 1 Simple Cobler, 1st to 4th. eds., p. 5. 
 
 2 Ibid., 1st to 4th eds., pp. 4, 5. 
 
 3 We shall use this modern prefix for convenience to designate clergy- 
 men. At the time of which we are writing, their usual prefix was Mr. 
 
 4 There is little doubt that he was the second son. His brother 
 John is called the youngest son in his father's will, and his brother 
 Samuel is called the eldest in Clarke's Ipswich, Erie's Memoir of 8. 
 Ward, and other modern authorities. Though we have found no 
 direct evidence in any early book or document, that Samuel was the 
 eldest son of his father, we consider it safe to assume that he was ; for 
 he entered college before Xathaniel ; his name is placed before Nathan- 
 iel's, both on his father's tablet, and in the Candler pedigrees ; and 
 by his father's will he is to receive his legacies immediately, while 
 Xathaniel and John are to wait till they arrive at certain ages. 
 
 5 Mather's Mogilalia, book iii, chap, xxxi, sec. 1. 
 
 Mather says he was born " at Haverhill, in Essex ; " and part of 
 Haverhill is really in Essex, though the church is in Suffolk. Later 
 writers place his birth at Haverhill in Suffolk. 
 
 We wrote in 1865 to W. W. Boreham, Esq., of Haverhill, England, 
 inquiring whether the baptisms of Xathaniel Ward and his brothers 
 were recorded at Haverhill ; and, erroneously supposing John Ward to 
 have been the incumbent of that living, we asked if the vicarage house 
 was in Suffolk or Essex. He replied thus ; " Our parish register does 
 not go back so far as his time, consequently I can add nothing to your 
 stock of information from that source : I may say the same as to 
 whether Rev. Xathaniel Ward was born in Suffolk or Essex. At 
 present we possess no vicarage house. There is a tradition that there 
 
INTROD UCTION. 1 3 
 
 not be, as, at the date of his father's will, October 9, 
 1598, 1 he was under twenty-two, consequently he was 
 born subsequent to October 9, 1576. The fact that his 
 brother Samuel, who was older than he, was not born 
 till about the year 1577, makes it likely that he himself 
 was born, at least, as late as 1578. 
 
 Rev. Matthias Candler of Coddenham in Suffolk, 
 who has preserved the pedigree 2 of this family among 
 his genealogical collections now in the Bodleian 
 library at Oxford, and the British Museum at Lon- 
 don, describes the grandfather of Nathaniel Ward, as 
 
 " Ward of Rivenhall in Essex, Gent., of such 
 
 esteeme in his cuntry that being then chiefe constable, 
 he, by an oration which he made on Rayne common, 
 quieted a commotion." 3 We presume he was head 
 
 was a house of this description in a field (now nearly covered with a 
 factory) adjoining the churchyard ; but the tradition is faint, and what- 
 ever of history there is about it, is, I fear, lost. The present vicar 
 resides at the manor house in Essex, but I believe the lord of the 
 manor resided there at about the time of Nathaniel Ward's birth. We 
 suspect that a great deal of property formerly ' copy hold ' has fallen 
 into the hands of the lord of the manor, and in this manner we account 
 for the absence of deeds and other documents that might solve many a 
 historical problem. I think, however, the circumstance of the mention 
 of Ward's name as of Haverhill in Essex, would not necessarily imply 
 that he resided or was born in that county, for even now people write 
 the place of either county indifferently." 
 
 Mr. Ward mentions the county of Essex in The Simple Cobler (p. 27 of 
 1st ail( i 2d eds., p. 28 of 3d, and p. 29 of 4th), in a way to show that he 
 took particular interest in it ; but this interest may have arisen from 
 his residence there previous to his emigration. 
 
 1 See Appendix II. 
 
 2 The rough notes for this pedigree are in the British Museum, Har- 
 leian Manuscripts, 6071, and fair copies in the Bodleian library, Tan- 
 ner Manuscripts, 257 and 180. See Appendix I. 
 
 3 Tanner Manuscripts, 180. The rough draft, Harleian Manuscripts, 
 6071, reads : " Ward of Riuenall in Essex, a chefe constable of such 
 an esteeme in his country, that by an oration he made, he quieted a 
 commotion of people.'' 
 
14 BEY. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 constable of Witham, the hundred in which Rivenhall 
 is situated. 1 It is stated on the tablet at Haverhill to 
 the memory of his son John, the father of Nathaniel, 
 that he " was heere gathered to his fathers." This seems 
 to indicate that his ancestors were buried at Haverhill, 
 though it is possible that such was not the meaning 
 intended to be conveyed. 
 
 John "Ward, above named, was a preacher of the 
 gospel at Haverhill and Bury St. Edmunds, in the 
 county of Suffolk, for twenty -five years. 2 The famous 
 Dr. 'William Whitaker, Master of St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, 3 had the highest opinion of him, and used 
 to say, " Give me John Ward for a text." 4 According 
 to Fuller, he was " a painful minister at Haverhill for 
 a long time. 5 The position he held there is uncertain. 
 Rev. Lawrence Fairclough was the vicar of the parish 
 till 1603, 6 and possibly Mr. Ward may have been his 
 curate. Rev. Mr. Davids, however, thinks it more 
 probable that he was lecturer there, as his son Samuel 
 is known to have been at a later date. 7 This opinion 
 seems reasonable. From the facts that he preached 
 in the above two parishes twenty-five years, and died 
 in 1598, it is evident that he commenced preaching at 
 
 1 Rev. Mr. Davids of Colchester, writes : " All search at Rivenhall 
 for the date of John Ward's birth;, is hopeless, as the parish register does 
 not commence till 1599." 
 
 2 Inscription at Haverhill, post. 
 
 3 See a sketch of Dr. Whitaker's life, in Brook's Puritans, vol. n, pp. 
 71-85. His son Alexander, author of Good News from Virginia, bap- 
 tized Pocahontas and married her to John Rolfe. See Duyckinck's 
 Cyclopaedia of American Literature, vol. i, p. 7. 
 
 4 The Real Christian, by Giles Firmin, preface. 
 
 5 Fuller's Worthies of England, vol. in, p. 186. 
 
 6 Brook's Puritans, vol. n, p. 421. 
 
 7 A manuscript letter to the writer of this memoir, dated " Colchester, 
 April 11, 1866." 
 
INTROD TJCTION. \ 5 
 
 Haverhill as early as 1573. His son Samuel is said 
 by Fuller, 1 by Rev. Mr. Ryle 2 and by Mr. G. R. Clarke, 3 
 to have been born there ; and Mather, as before stated, 
 gives that town as the birth-place of Nathaniel. 4 It is 
 therefore probable, that he did not remove from the 
 parish before 1580. Rev. Benjamin Brook, who does 
 not appear to have known that he ever preached at 
 Bury St. Edmunds, tells us that, after leaving Haver- 
 hill, " he appears to have become minister at Writtle, 
 near Chelmsford in Essex, but about the year 1584, 
 was suspended by Bishop Aylmer, for not wearing the 
 surplice. On account of his nonconformity, though he 
 was a most excellent and peaceable man, Aylmer drove 
 him from one place to another by means of which he 
 was exceedingly harrassed, and not suffered to continue 
 long in any one situation." 5 
 
 There is reason to doubt whether Brook has not 
 confounded some other Puritan minister by the name 
 of Ward, with the Haverhill divine. The inscription 
 to Rev. John Ward's memory, which will be given 
 hereafter, does not allude to his ministry at Writtle, 
 nor intimate that at any time he led a wander- 
 ing life. It is true that a " Mr. Ward of Writtle," is 
 found in a list of thirty-eight " painful ministers of 
 Essex," whom their diocesan, John Aylmer, bishop of 
 London, in his visit to Essex in the summer of 1584, 
 suspended for not wearing the surplice, and whom he 
 
 fuller's Worthies of England, vol. in, p. 187. 
 
 2 Sermons and Treatises by Samuel Ward, B.D., with a memoir by 
 J. C. Ryle, B. A. (Edinburgh,, 1862), memoir, p. vi. 
 
 3 History and Description of the Town and Borough of Ipswich, 
 p. 342. 
 
 4 Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xxxi, sec. 1. 
 
 5 Brook's Puritans, vol. I, p. 305. 
 
16 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 threatened to deprive, declaring that they should be 
 white with him, or he would be black with them ; * but 
 his full name, John Ward, is found in a list of ministers 
 suspended about the same time, in Suffolk. 2 It is pos- 
 sible, however, that Brook found something in the 
 unpublished manuscript 3 where these lists are pre- 
 served, to identify the minister at Writtle, 4 with the 
 Haverhill preacher. 
 
 We are told by Brook that he subscribed to the 
 Book of Discipline. 5 This book was prepared by the 
 Puritan clergy in 1586, and was subscribed by more 
 than five hundred ministers, "all divines of good 
 learning and of unspotted lives." 6 
 
 Mr. Ward died between October 9, 1598, the date 
 of his will, and the 31st of the same month, when it 
 was proved at the prerogative court of Canterbury. 
 He describes himself in his will, as a " preacher of 
 
 1 Neal's History of the Puritans (ed. 1816), vol. I, p. 425 ; Brook's 
 Lives of the Puritans, vol. i. p. 49. 
 
 2 Brook's Lives of the Puritans, vol. I, p. 46. There were sixty-four 
 ministers suspended in the county of Norfolk, sixty in Suffolk, thirty 
 in Sussex, thirty-eight in Essex, twenty in Kent and twenty-one in 
 Lincolnshire. 
 
 3 This manuscript is entitled, The Second Part of a Register, and 
 was collected by Rev. Roger Morrice, who was ejected at the Restora- 
 tion, from Duffield in Derbyshire. See Brook's Puritans, vol. in, p. 
 539, and Palmer's Nonconformists' Memorial (ed. 1778), vol. I, p. 316. 
 The manuscript is now in Dr. Williams's library, London. 
 
 4 Newcourt's Repertorium Ecclesiasticum Parochiale Londinense, 
 gives an account of Writtle in Essex ; but no list of rectors. Rev. Mr. 
 Davids informs us that the reason why no list is given, is because it 
 was a college living. 
 
 5 Brook's Puritans, vol. I, p. 306. Neal, whom Brook gives as autho- 
 rity, does not give the Christian name of the Mr. Ward, who subscribed. 
 See Xeal's Puritans (ed. 1816), vol. I, p. 471. 
 
 6 Brook's Puritans, vol. I, p. 53 ; Neal's Puritans, ubi supra. Xeal 
 gives the form of writing which they subscribed. 
 
INTROD UCTION. 17 
 
 God's woord," at Bury St. Edmunds. 1 He seems, 
 however, to have been buried at Haverhill, for in the 
 chancel of the church in that town there is a mural 
 tablet to his memory with the following inscription : 2 
 
 JOHANNES 
 WARDE. 
 
 Ouo ii quis fcivit fcitius, 
 Aut li quis docuit doctius, 
 At rarus vixit fanctius, 
 Et nullus tonuit fortius. 
 
 Son of thunder, son of ye dove, 
 fvll of hot zeale, full of trve love, 
 in preaching trvth, in living right, 
 a bvrning lamp, a shining light. 
 Lights here. Stars hereafter. 
 
 Iohn Ward, after he w f h greate euidence and 
 power of ye fpirite, & w tri much fruite, preachd 
 y e Gofpel at Haueril & Bury in SufF. 25 
 yeares, was heere gathered to his fathers. 
 Sufan, his widowe, married Richard Rogers, 
 that worthie Paftor of Wetherffielde. He 
 Watch left 3 fonnes, Samuel, Nathaniel, Iohn, preachers, Warde. 
 who for them & theirs, wifh no greater 
 bleffing than yt they may continue in beleeving 
 & preaching the fame Gofpel till y e coming 
 of Chrift. Come, Lord Iefus, come quicklye. 
 
 Watch Death is our entrance into life. Warde. 
 
 1 This will was found in 1865, by Joseph L. Chester, Esq., after a 
 laborious search. A copy of it from a verbatim transcript by Mr. 
 Chester, will be printed in Appendix II. 
 
 2 See New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xvin, 
 pp. 273 - 4. The writer has a photograph of this mural tablet, which 
 was kindly furnished him by W. W. Boreliam, Esq., of Haverhill, 
 Engl and. 
 
 3 
 
18 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 The Latin lines are quoted by Fuller in his Worthies 
 of England, who thus translates them : 
 
 Grant some of . knowledge greater store, 
 
 More learned some in teaching ; 
 Yet few in life did lighten more, 
 
 None thundered more in preaching. 1 
 
 Rev. John Ward's will names three sons, the same 
 that are mentioned on the above tablet, and by Candler 
 in all his pedigrees of this family, namely, Samuel, 2 
 Nathaniel and John; 3 and two daughters, Abigail and 
 Mary. 4 Fuller gives four sons to Rev. John Ward ; for 
 writing of Samuel, he says: " He had three brethren 
 ministers, on the same token that some have said that 
 these four put together would not make up the abilities 
 of their father. Nor were they themselves offended 
 with this hyperbole, to have the branches lessened to 
 greaten their root.''* 5 Candler in his rough draft of the 
 Ward pedigree, 6 apparently gives countenance to this 
 statement, for an " Edward m r of Arts," seems to be 
 
 fuller's Worthies of England, vol. in, p. 186. 
 
 In the Magna Britannia (London, 1730), vol. v, p, 241, this trans- 
 lation is given with some variations. The third line is nearer the 
 original, reading : 
 
 Yet few in life were holy more. 
 
 The other changes are not important. 
 
 2 See Biographical Sketch of Rev. Samuel Ward, B.B., in Appen- 
 dix V. 
 
 3 See Biographical Sketch of Rev. John Ward, in Appendix VI. 
 
 4 Abigail and Mary were under eighteen when their father made his 
 will, consequently they were born after October 9, 1680. They are not 
 mentioned by Candler, unless they are the persons of these names, 
 represented by him as sisters of John Ward, senior, who married 
 Samuel Wood of Dedham, and Samuel Waite of Wethersfield, respect- 
 ively. 
 
 5 Fuller's Worthies of England, vol. in, pp. 186 - 7. 
 
 6 Harleian Manuscripts, 6071, in the British Museum. 
 
INTRO D UCTION. 1 9 
 
 represented as a brother to Samuel, Nathaniel and 
 John. This draft, however, is so confused, that before 
 we knew of his perfect copy, we were in doubt whether 
 Edward was meant for a son of John Ward, senior, as 
 others read it, or his nephew. It appears from the 
 revised copy that he was a son of his nephew. 
 
 After his death, his widow, Susan, married Rev. 
 Richard Rogers of Wethersfield in Essex, 1 author of 
 the Seven Treatises, whom she also survived. 2 She was 
 alive in 1639, twenty-one years after his death, as her 
 son, Samuel, in his will, dated October 19 of that year, 
 bequeathes her an annuity of two pounds, during her 
 life, " to be paid to her at her now dwelling house at 
 Wethersfield." 3 That son, with true filial affection, had 
 previously dedicated to her one of his treatises, namety, 
 his Life of Faith in Death, and expressed a hope that 
 she might live long to bless her children with her 
 daily prayers, especially her sons, " in that work which 
 needs much watering." l 
 
 1 Firmin's Real Christian, preface, " To the Christian Reader ; " 
 John Ward's mural tablet, and the Candler Manuscripts. 
 
 For biographical notices of Rev. Richard Rogers, see New England 
 Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. v, pp. 116-18, and Brook's 
 Puritans, vol. n, pp. 231 - 4. His will is printed in the New England 
 Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xvn, pp. 326-9. 
 
 2 Rev. Giles Firmin, who married her granddaughter, relates in his 
 Real Christian, pp. 75, 76, an anecdote, which he had from an old man, 
 Avho said he had it from her own lips, of her intercession with her 
 second husband, in behalf of his kinsman, Rev. John Rogers, the 
 famous minister of Dedhani, while he was at college. But as her first 
 husband lived till after John Rogers had left college and been settled 
 in the ministry several years, it must have been of Richard Rogers's first 
 wife that she told the story, if she told it at all. Mr. Firmin's state- 
 ment will be reprinted in Appendix IV. 
 
 3 See abstract of his will in Appendix V. 
 
 4 Life of Faith in Death, ed. 1627. This dedication will be found in 
 Appendix III. 
 
20 R^V. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Education and Travels. 
 
 In the year 1596, two years previous to his father's 
 death, he entered that nursery of Puritans, Emmanuel 
 College, in the University of Cambridge. 1 This college 
 had been founded twelve years before, by Sir Walter 
 Mildmay, and was still under the charge of the famous 
 Dr. Lawrence Chadderton, its first master. 2 At Cam- 
 bridge, he took the degree of A.B., in 1599, 1600, and 
 his A.M., in 1603. 3 Fuller names him in a list of 
 learned writers of his college, who were not fellows. 4 
 
 One of his brothers, and probably both, were edu- 
 cated at the same university, though they were of a 
 different college; and all of the three brothers, as 
 stated on the mural tablet at Haverhill, followed their 
 father's example, and devoted themselves to the Christ- 
 ian ministry. All of them, also, suffered under Arch- 
 bishop Laud, for nonconformity to ceremonies which 
 their consciences rejected. The profession to which 
 he himself was originally educated, was not, however, 
 the ministry, but the law; and this profession, he prac- 
 ticed for some time before he became a clergyman. 
 Mather says, that previous to entering the ministry he 
 was " intended for, and employed in the study of the 
 
 1 Hon. James Savage in Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. 
 xxvui, p. 248 ; and C. H. and Thompson Cooper of Cambridge, Eng- 
 land (authors of the Athence Cantabrigiensis), in Notes and Queries, 
 Nov. 23, 1861, 3d series, vol. xn, p. 426. 
 
 2 See biographical sketch of Dr. Chadderton, in Brook's Puritans, 
 vol. ii, pp. 445 - 8. 
 
 3 James Savage and C. H. and T. Cooper, ubi supra. 
 
 4 History of the University of Cambridge, etc. (ed. 1840), p. 206. 
 
EDUCATION AND TRAVELS. 21 
 
 law ; " l Winthrop, that he had been " a student and 
 practiser of the course of the common law ; " 2 and 
 Candler, that he had been " an utter barrister." 3 Of 
 his knowledge of the law, we may judge somewhat 
 from his own testimony, that he had " read almost all 
 the Common Law of England, and some Statutes," 4 
 After studying and practicing the law in England, 
 he traveled on the continent, probably, extensively ; 
 for he tells us that he had seen, in his time, " the best 
 part of twenty Christian kings and princes," 5 and 
 " most of the reformed churches in Europe." 6 Mather 
 states that he accompanied " certain merchants into 
 Prussia and Denmark ; " 7 but whether he was in their 
 employ, or merely improved this opportunity for see- 
 ing foreign ^ countries, under their protection, we are 
 not informed. While abroad, he visited Heidelberg, 
 which then, or at a subsequent time, had a special 
 interest for an Englishman, as the residence of his 
 sovereign's daughter ; it being the capital of the Pala- 
 tinate, whose elector, in 1613, married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of James I, king of England. The picturesque 
 scenery, and historic memories of the place, no doubt 
 excited enthusiasm in the breast of a person of refined 
 culture in the prime of life ; and the learning and piety 
 of the celebrated Pareus, 8 who then graced the theo- 
 
 1 Mather's Magnolia, book iii, cliap. xxxi, sec. 1. 
 
 2 Wintlirop's Journal, edited by Savage, vol. n, 1st ed., p. 55 ; 2d ed., 
 p. 66. 
 
 3 See Appendix I. 
 
 4 Simple Cooler, 1st, 2d and 3d eds., p. 63 ; 4th ed., p. QQ. 
 
 5 Ibid., 1st, 2d and 3d eds., p. 46 ; 4th ed., p. 48. 
 
 6 Ibid., 1st and 2d eds., p. 39 ; 3d ed., p, 40 ; 4th ed., p. 42. 
 
 7 Mather's Magnolia , book iii, chap, xxxi, sec. 1. 
 
 8 The name of David Parens, a voluminous theological writer, will 
 be found in the common biographical dictionaries. Clarke has a 
 notice of him in his Marrow of Ecclesiastical History (1650), pp. 
 474 _ 80. He was born at Francolstein, in Silesia, in 1548. His German 
 
22 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 logical chair of this time-honored university, could not 
 fail to command the reverence of one brought up 
 under Puritan influences. It was during this visit, 
 according to Mather, that Mr. Ward was induced, 
 through the influence of that pious divine, to quit the 
 profession to which he had been bred, and devote him- 
 self for the remainder of his life to the service of his 
 maker, as a preacher of the gospel. 1 Mr. Ward, him- 
 self, mentions a personal interview with Pareus, 2 whose 
 sincerity and "painful" devotion to his duty, appears 
 to have made a deep impression on his mind. 
 
 He must have entered the ministry as early as 
 1618, for in a postscript which he, appended to his 
 brother Samuel's tract, Jethro's Justice of Peace, he 
 styles himself the author's brother in the ministry, 
 as well as in the flesh and the Lord. As this postscript 
 was written from Elbing in Prussia, his visit to Hei- 
 delberg, if it preceded his entering the ministry, as 
 we infer from Mather's statement, must have taken 
 place before 1618. This was before the elector pala- 
 tine accepted the crown of Bohemia, and consequently 
 before the disastrous war commenced which drove 
 Frederic and his family from his principality. 
 
 It is not improbable that Mr. Ward resided at 
 Elbing for some time, and that he acted as chaplain 
 at the factory of the Eastland merchants, which had 
 been established there as early as 1580. 3 
 
 name was Wangler, which he translated into Latin, Pareus. He was 
 patronized by the elector palatine, and made theological professor at 
 Heidelberg. His death occurred in June, 1622, at his house in the 
 suburbs of Heidelberg. 
 
 1 Mather's Magnolia, book iii, chap, xxxi, sec. 1. 
 
 2 Simple Gobler, 1st and 2d eds., p. 39 ; 3d ed., p. 40 ; and 4th ed., p. 42. 
 
 3 Calendars of British State Papers, Domestic Series, 1547-80, p. 696. 
 A proclamation of Charles I, dated March 7, 1629 - 30, printed in Ry- 
 
ED UCA TION AND TEA VEL8. 23 
 
 His son-in-law, Rev. Giles Firmin, in 1670, gives an 
 anecdote of " one nearly related " who " almost sixty 
 years since/' was " Minister to a Company of English 
 Merchants in Prussia," 1 and we think it extremely 
 probahle that Firmin meant his father-in-law. 2 
 
 The year 1618, in which Mr. Ward writes from 
 Prussia, was that in which the arch-duke Frederic died, 
 and his hereditary dominions were united to Branden- 
 burg, under the elector, John Sigismund. 
 
 The postscript or epistle is as follows : 
 
 " To my louing Brother, Mr. Samvel Ward : 
 
 " Brother, if you meet with your Iethros counsell 
 returned from beyond the Seas, and as much beyond 
 your expectation preserued aliue, as his sonne in law 
 was against Pharaoh's Iniunction; meruell as much 
 as you will, but bee no more offended then you haue 
 cause. Joab sinned wider on the other hand, in 
 destroying Dauid's Absalom, contrary to his serious 
 charge, yet Ioab was pardoned, and yet no brother. 
 I haue noted you hitherto inexorable for your owne 
 publishing of anything of your owne; whether out of 
 
 mer's Feeder a, xix, 129, states that the society and company of East- 
 land merchants, trading' in the Baltic seas, had for the space of fifty 
 years at least, had settled and constant possession of the trade in those 
 parts. 
 
 1 Firmin's Real Christian, p. 60. The Boston edition (p. 61) omits the 
 marginal note, " almost sixty years since." 
 
 2 In 1623, the Eastland merchants, in answer to their petition the 
 year before, had liberty granted to them, by an order of council, to 
 remove from Elbing to Dantzic, or any other place on the Baltic, the 
 bar of the former place having grown so shallow, that their vessels 
 had to unload in small boats. They had also to pay double tolls, 
 namely, to the King of Poland and the Duke of Prussia. — Calendar of 
 British State Papers, Domestic Series, 1619 - 23, p. 344, and 1623-5, 
 p. 560. 
 
24 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 iudgenient, inodesty, curiosity or melancholy, I iudge 
 not : but when others haue aduentured them with fruit 
 and acceptance into the light, I haue seene you rest 
 content with the publique good. The like leaue I 
 haue taken, expecting the like successe, assuring you 
 and myselfe of the generall welcomnesse and vseful- 
 nesse heereof to all whom it concernes, which are -the 
 greatest number of the land, euen so many as haue 
 any reference to Sessions and Assises, if not all sorts 
 of Christians. Onely I feare that the corruption of 
 our times is growne so grosse and Eglon-lihe that it 
 doth not Ehud-like enough sharpen the poynts and 
 send them home to the heft, that they may reach to 
 the quicke. I had, myselfe, added thereto a proiect 
 and perswasion for the redresse of many abuses crept 
 into the offices and officers, hauing spent so much 
 time in the study of the law, and execution of some 
 offices as made me weary of the errours I saw, and 
 heartily wish the reformation of them : but fearing I 
 haue learned too much bluntnesse and plumpnesse 
 of speech among the Lutherans, which is here as 
 prime a quality as smoothnes with you, as also loth to 
 meddle out of mine orb, in my second thoughts I sup- 
 pressed it. And so wishing vnto this, many diligent, 
 conscionable and ingenious Readers and Appliers, and 
 to them, G-od's blessing and the fruit intended, I take 
 my leaue. From Elbing in Prussia. 
 
 " Your brother in the flesh, in the Lord, 
 and in the worke of the Ministery. 
 
 "]^ath: Ward." 1 
 
 ^etliro's Icstice of Peace, ed. 1618, pp. 71-2. 
 
ED UCA TION AND TRA VEL8. 25 
 
 To the same work lie prefixed a dedication which 
 we reprint below. This and the preceding extract, are, 
 we presume, the earliest specimens of his literary style 
 extant : 
 
 " To the Right Honovrable Sir Francis Bacon, 
 Knight, Lord Chancellor of England, &c. 
 
 " When wee see one goe or doe amisse, though his 
 feet or hands be the next actors and instruments of his 
 errour : yet we say not, Are you lame ? but, Haue you 
 no eyes ? Can you not see ? What euer sweruings or 
 stumblings any part of the body politique makes, 
 the blame lights not vpon the Gentry or Commin- 
 ality, the immediate delinquents, but on the princi- 
 pall lights in Magistracy or Ministery, which being as 
 Guardians and Tutors of the rest, should either preuent 
 or reforme their aberrations. And herein miserable 
 is the condition of these two opticke peeces, that they 
 are more subiect, and that to more distempers then 
 other inferiour parts : yet heerein more, that being hurt, 
 they are more impatient of cure ; not onely of searching 
 acrimonious waters (which yet oft are needeful) but shie 
 of the most soft and lawny touches : but most of all in 
 this, that being once extinct, they leaue a voyd dark- 
 nesse to the whole body, exposing it to the pits of 
 destruction. As exceeding great on the other hand, is 
 thehappines, honor and vse of them, if cleere and single. 
 For this, our Nation all body, it will little boot either 
 to applaud the one, or to bewaile the other. I rather 
 wish and looke about mee for some eye-salue, which 
 may helpe to descry and redresse, if anything bee 
 amisse. And behold heere (right Honourable) a con- 
 fection promising something thereto. It was prescribed 
 first by Iethro, whom Hoses calls the eyes of Israel, 
 
 i 
 
26 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 Numb. 10, 31. And newly compounded by an Ocu- 
 list of whom as I may not, so I need not say anything 
 at all. Next vnder the sacred Fountaine of light (the 
 light of our Israel), I worthily accompt your Lordship 
 most sufficient in law to accept, to make vse, to iudge, 
 to patronize it. The subiect of the booke is the prin- 
 cipall obiect of your office, to elect, direct and correct 
 inferiour Magistracy. To which purposes, Nature, 
 Literature and Grace haue inabled you, that if you 
 should faile the world's expectation, they will hardly 
 trust any other in haste. Many in rising haue followed 
 the stirrop, pampered and ietting honour not standing 
 the ground, but once seated, haue done renownedly. 
 But your Lordship had neuer any other graces then 
 your birth and desert ; to which hereditary dignity 
 hath so gently tendered itselfe that you haue not let 
 fal your name of religion in gettiDg vp. Therefore 
 now you are in the top of honour, all that know you 
 look you will be exactly honourable. For my part, 
 bounden to your Lordship for a fauour formerly receiued, 
 greater then your Honour knowes of, or I can expresse : 
 I shall leaue Iethro to be your Monitor, and myselfe 
 remain e euer an humble suitor to God who hath made 
 you a Iudge of conscience, that hee would make you 
 continue a consciouable Iudge, improouing your place 
 and abilities to the best aduantage belonging to it, the 
 furtherance of your reckoning at the last day. 
 
 " Your Honours daily Beadsman. 
 
 "Nath: Ward." 1 
 
 ^ethro's Ivstice of Peace (ed. 1618), Epistle Dedicatory. 
 
 This epistle must have been written after Sunday, Jan. 4, 1617 - 18, 
 " for and from " which date, Bacon was appointed lord chancellor, by 
 warrant dated January 15 (Rymer's Fcedera, xvii, 55), and before July 
 
EDUCATION AND TRAVELS. 27 
 
 What the favor was that Mr. Ward received from 
 Lord Bacon it is difficult to conjecture. It may have 
 been some advantage derived from the writings of the 
 latter, though we presume it was a benefit of a dif- 
 ferent kind. Bacon represented Ipswich, where Mr. 
 Ward's brother was town-preacher, from 1597 to 1614, 
 having been elected to the last two parliaments of 
 Queen Elizabeth, and the first two of King James. In 
 1614, he was chosen for the University of Cambridge, 
 and ceased to represent the borough of Ipswich. 1 
 
 Mr. Ward was doubtless absent from England a few 
 years after the epistle to his brother was written, for 
 he states in the Simple Cobbler, that he had held Prince 
 Rupert when a child, but apparently old enough to talk, 
 in his arms ; 2 and that prince was not born till Decem- 
 ber 17, 1619. 3 
 
 If he made but one visit to the continent, he pro- 
 bably remained there till sometime between the years 
 1620 and 1624. His visit to Archbishop Usher, which 
 will subsequently be noticed, could not have been 
 earlier than 1624 nor later than 1626. His son-in-law 
 
 11, 1618, when he was created Baron Verulam ; or, at least, before Mr. 
 Ward heard of the chancellor's elevation to the peerage. 
 
 The postscript and dedication are both reprinted in the New Eng- 
 land Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xvn, pp. 365 - 7, from 
 the 1627 edition of the above work. 
 
 1 Clarke's Ipswich, pp. 434 and 447. 
 
 * Simple Cooler, 1st, 2d and 3d eds., p. 61 ; 4th ed., 64. 
 
 3 Lodge's Portraits (Bonn's ed.), vol. vi, p. 57 ; England's Worthies, 
 by William Winstanley (London, 1684), p. 649. The latter writer prints 
 an extract from a letter, written less than a year after the prince's 
 birth, by one who had held him in his arms, giving an earlier date for 
 his birth, namely, December 16. In Rosse's Index of Dates, the date 
 given is December 21. Some verses on the prince's shoes, written by 
 the person quoted by Winstanley, will be found in Appendix VI. 
 They resemble Ward's own style of writing. 
 
28 REV- NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 states that " a neare friend," whom we strongly sus- 
 pect to have been the subject of this memoir, 1 came 
 home by the way of Holland, and was in that country 
 while Kev. Henry Ains worth of Amsterdam, was living. 
 Mr. Ainsworth died at the close of 1622 or early in 
 1623. The statement was published in 1652, probably 
 less than a year before Mr. Ward died, and is as 
 follows : 
 
 " A neare friend of mine (yet living), a Divine well 
 known, travelling into Germany, coming home, in 
 Holland, he went to hear Mr. Ainsworth, who preached 
 a very strong sermon (the person was able to judge). 
 While Mr. Ainsworth was preaching, my friend ob- 
 served the carriage of his members, it was, he thought, 
 not becoming the Ordinance (I will not write all he 
 told me, lest I should be thought to write out of malice), 
 very dull and dead that was the fairest; when Mr. Ains- 
 worth had done, they now were to prophesie ; my friend 
 said he observed, that those, who sate so dully and 
 unreverently, while their Pastor was preaching very 
 excellently, now their time came to prophesie, rose up, 
 and were so perke and lively, that he could not but 
 note their carriage." 2 
 
 The date of Mr. Ward's leaving England is not even 
 as definitely established as that of his return. The 
 length of his absence abroad, when it commenced, and 
 when it ended, are therefore matters of uncertainty, 
 though it is possible that they may yet be determined. 
 Enough is known, however, to be sure that some of 
 the years spent by him on the continent, were years of 
 
 1 An anecdote which Mr. Firmin relates in his reply to Mr. Cawdrey 
 (p. 12), of " a neare friend of mine," he gives in a later book, the Meal 
 Christian (p. 229), of " my Father Ward." 
 
 2 Firmin's Separation Examined, p. 86. 
 
RECTORSHIP AT STONDON MASSE Y. 
 
 29 
 
 stirring interest, both in a religious and a political 
 point of view, to the countries he visited, and afforded 
 good opportunities of studying human life and character 
 in its various phases. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Rectorship at Stondon Massey. 
 
 The first place in England at which Mr. Ward is 
 known with certainty to have been settled, is Stondon 
 Massey, in Essex, twenty-four miles northeast from 
 
 STONDON MASSEY CHLTvCH, ESSEX. 
 
 London. Mather gives the impression that he settled 
 here soon after his return from his travels. 1 JSTeweourt 
 prints his name in the list of rectors of this parish, but 
 without the date of his institution or the name of the 
 patron who presented him to the living. 2 The omis- 
 sion may be owing to the fact, which Eewcourt states 
 
 blather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xxxi, sec. 1. 
 2 Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. n, p. 545. 
 
30 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 in his preface, that no registry of Rev. George Mon- 
 teine or Mountaigne, D.D., who was bishop of London, 
 from July 20, 1621, till his translation in the latter part 
 of 1627, is to be found. 1 His institution was probably 
 between the death of Bishop King, March 30, 1621, 
 and the translation of Bishop Laud to London, July 
 15, 1628. It must have been before November 10, 
 1629, as a petition sent to Laud at that date in behalf 
 of Rev. Thomas Hooker, is signed by him as " rector 
 of Stondon Mercy." 2 The records of the Massachu- 
 setts Company also show he resided there November 25, 
 1629, 3 about a fortnight later. The latest date at which 
 we have evidence that his predecessor, Rev. John 
 Nobbs, was the incumbent in September 20, 1618. 4 
 
 The patron of the living was Sir Nathaniel Rich, 5 
 an associate in colonial enterprises of his namesakes, 
 the Earls of Warwick and Holland, and of the cele- 
 brated John Pym, and other political characters. Sir 
 
 1 Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. i, preface, p. vii. 
 
 2 Davids's Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 158. 
 ;< Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. i, p. 63. 
 
 4 Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. ii, p. 544. 
 
 5 Ibid., p. 545. 
 
 The Rich family of Stondon, are said to have been descended from 
 Richard Rich, sheriff of London, in 1441, through his eldest son, John. 
 A younger son was ancestor of Robert, Earl of Warwick, father 
 of Robert and Henry Rich, Earls of Warwick and Holland. See Mo- 
 rant's and Wright's Histories of Essex ; Collins's Peerage (ed. 1741), 
 vol. ii, p. 185. 
 
 The most plausible conjecture concerning the pedigree of Sir Na- 
 thaniel Rich, that we can form, is, that he was a son of Edward Rich, 
 who died 1599, and a brother of Robert, the father of Col. Nathaniel 
 Rich, a prominent parliamentary officer in the civil war. An abstract 
 of the will of Sir Nathaniel Rich, made by Mr. Chester, is printed in 
 the Historical Magazine, for April, 1867, p. 207. A query in relation 
 to him in the London Notes and Queries, March 30, 1867, 3d series, vol. 
 xi, 256 - 7, had received no satisfactory answer when this page was 
 printed. 
 
RECTORSHIP AT STONDON MASSEY. 31 
 
 Nathaniel, who seems to have been of Puritan tenden- 
 cies, was probably the patriot member of the third 
 parliament of King James I, mentioned by Hume, 1 as 
 well as the person of whom Rev. George Gerrard writes 
 to the famous Earl of Strafford, that he and Mr. 
 Pym had influenced Sir Henry Vane to join the 
 Puritan colonists of New England. 2 There can be 
 little doubt that he was the friend of Mr. Ward, and 
 protected him from the rigor of the prelates as long 
 as his influence could shield him. May we not be 
 allowed to imagine that Mr. Ward had met at Sir 
 Nathaniel's manor house in Stondon, the patriot friends 
 of that knight, and had consulted with characters 
 whose names are now embalmed in English history, 
 upon the perilous times in which they were living ? 
 The parish of Stondon Massey is situated on a stony 
 or gravelly hill, which is significantly expressed by the 
 name Stondon. The addition, Massey or Marci, is 
 from the family of Mark or Marks, its ancient possess- 
 ors. The church, of which St. Peter and St. Paul are 
 the patron saints, has a wooden spire and three bells. 3 
 Two inscriptions on tombstones there, which bear date 
 about the time of Mr. Ward's birth, and must have 
 often been read by him, are printed in Wright's His- 
 tory of Essex. 4 ' That on Rainford Kellingworth, is of 
 more than ordinary merit. 
 
 1 History of England, cliap. xlviii. 
 
 2 " I hear tliat Sir Nathaniel Rich and Mr. Pym have done him 
 much hurt in their persuasions that way." Strafford's Letters, vol. I, 
 p. 463 ; quoted in Forster's Life of Vane, in vol. iv of the Lives of 
 Eminent British Statesmen (Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopmdia), subse- 
 quently reprinted under the title of The Statesmen of the Common- 
 wealth of England. 
 
 3 Wright's Essex, vol. n, p. 423. 
 
 4 Ibid., p. 425. 
 
32 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 The registers of this parish are of comparatively 
 recent date, going back no farther than the early part 
 of the last century, consequently no information about 
 the incumbency of Mr. Ward can be obtained from 
 that source. 1 
 
 Brook states that before Rev. Mr. Ward's settle- 
 ment at Stondon Massey, he was preacher at St. 
 James's, Duke's Place, London, and gives Newcourt's 
 Repertorium for authority. 2 On referring to that work 
 we find a Nathaniel Ward to have been preacher of 
 St. James's, between June 8, 1626, and February 14, 
 1627 - 8 ; 3 but he is styled, A.B., whereas the rector of 
 Stondon, according to the best authorities, received a 
 higher degree more than twenty years before. 4 It is 
 not impossible, however, but that there maybe an error 
 in relation to the degree, and that our Nathaniel Ward 
 
 1 This information lias been kindly furnished us, in a letter, dated, 
 " Stondon Massey, Brentwood, April 21st, 1865," by Rev. E. J. Reeve, 
 the present rector of the parish, who has manifested much interest in 
 the history of his predecessor. 
 
 The English census of 1861 returns for this parish 1,120 acres of 
 land, 50 houses and 273 inhabitants, being 154 to a square mile. 
 
 2 Lives of the Puritans, vol, iii; p. 182. 
 
 3 Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. I, p. 917. 
 
 4 There was certainly one other clergyman by this name in this 
 diocese, during the reign of Charles I, and possibly, two. Nathaniel 
 Ward, A.M., was instituted as rector of Hadleigh, in Essex, June 7, 
 1639 (Newcourt, n, 320) ; but was succeeded the same month, by Wil- 
 liam Wells, A.M. The next winter, January 8, 1639-40, a Nathaniel 
 Ward, A.M., but whether the same or another person, we do not know, 
 was inducted rector of Hawkwell, in Essex (ibid., p. 291), which place 
 is a few miles distant from Hadleigh. He resigned this living, and 
 was succeeded, December 7, 1643, by Thomas Oresby, A.M. Both 
 livings were the gift of Robert, Earl of Warwick. 
 
 The predecessor of Rev. Nathaniel Ward of Hadleigh, in that rectory, 
 was Rev. John Ward, A.M., son of our Nathaniel ; and possibly, he, 
 himself, may have been Nathaniel, son of Rev. Samuel Ward of Ips- 
 wich, and a cousin of John, his predecessor. See Appendix I. 
 
BECTORSHIP AT 8T0ND0N MASSE T. 33 
 
 may have been the preacher in Duke's Place. Gorton, 
 in his Simplicities Defence, asserts that the subject of 
 this memoir had been a " lecturer " in London ; but 
 he places him at St. Michael's in Cornhill. 1 Rev. Mr. 
 Ward, himself, while denying other statements made 
 by Gorton, does not deny this. 2 It is possible that he 
 may have preached at both churches. 
 
 He interested himself in the great Puritan emigra- 
 tion to New England, in 1630, under the Massachusetts 
 Company ; and a letter is published, written by him to 
 Gov. Winthrop, January 16, 1629-30, in which he 
 tells him he purposes to visit him at London, the next 
 week, and desires to have passage reserved for two 
 families from his neighborhood. 3 
 
 At Stondon, he felt the iron hand of William Laud, 
 afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, but then bishop 
 of his diocese. The following letter 4 to his friend Rev. 
 John Cotton, 5 which Hutchinson has preserved shows 
 his spirit under these trials : 
 
 " Salutem in Xto nostro. 
 
 " Reverend and dear friend, 
 
 " I was yesterday con vented before the bishop, I mean 
 to his court, and am adjourned to the next term. I see 
 such giants turn their backs, that I dare not trust my 
 
 1 Simplicities Defence, p. 53. 
 
 Mr. Ward's name is not mentioned by Newcourt in connection with 
 St. Michael's church ; but there is apparently a break in the records 
 about this time. 
 
 2 Hypocrasie Vnmasked, pp. 76-7. 
 
 3 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxxvn, p. 23. 
 
 4 History of Massachusetts, vol. i; 1st and 2d eds., pp. 120-1 ; 3d 
 ed., p. 118. 
 
 5 A Life of Rev. John Cotton, by Rev. John Norton, his successor, 
 as teacher of the First Church at Boston, Mass., was published in 
 
 5 
 
34 BEY. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 own weak heart. I expect measure hard enough and 
 must furnish apace with proportionable armour. I lacke 
 a friend to help buckle it on. I know none but Christ 
 himself in all our coast fitt to help me, and my acquaint- 
 ance with him is hardly enough to hope for that assist- 
 ance my weak spirit will want, and the assaults of 
 tentation call for. I pray therefore forget me not and 
 believe for me also if there be such a piece of neighbour- 
 hood among Christians. And so blessing G-od with 
 my whole heart for my knowledge of you and im- 
 merited interest in you, and thanking you entirely for 
 that faithful love I have found from you in many 
 expressions of the best nature, I commit you to the 
 unchangeable Jove of God our Father in his son Jesus 
 Christ, in whom I hope to rest for ever. 
 
 " Your's in all truth of heart 
 
 " £Tath l . Warde. 
 " Stondon Mercy, Dec. 13, 1631." 
 
 The place at which Mr. Ward was convented before 
 
 1658. A memoir by his grandson, Rev. Cotton Mather, appeared in 
 Johannes in Eremo, published in 1695 ; which book contains the lives of 
 John Cotton, John Norton, John Wilson, John Davenport and Thomas 
 Hooker, and was afterwards reprinted in the Magnolia. There is also 
 a life by Rev. Samuel Whiting in Hutchinson's Collection of Papers, 
 pp. 242 - 9 ; and the initial volume of the Lives of the Chief Fathers of 
 New England, is a memoir of him by the late Rev. Alexander W. 
 McClure, D.D. Biographical Sketches of Cotton will be found in 
 Clark's Lives, appended to his Martyrology,^. 215-29; Eliot's and 
 Allen's Biographical Dictionaries, art. Cotton ; Sprague's Annals of 
 the American Pulpit, vol I, pp. 25 - 30 ; Thompson's History of Boston, 
 (Eng). pp. 412 - 24 ; Congregational Quarterly, vol. in, pp. 133 - 48 ; 
 and Brook's Puritans, vol. in, pp. 151 - 60. A tabular pedigree of hit 
 descendants by J. Wingate Thornton, Esq., himself a descendant, is 
 published in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 
 vol. i, pp. 164-6. Mr. Thornton has been invited by the Prince Society, 
 to prepare a new edition of Norton's Life of Cotton. 
 
RECTORSHIP AT STONDOJSf MA88EY. 35 
 
 Bishop Laud, was, we presume, Braintree, as Rev. 
 Henry Jacie, 1 in a letter to John Winthrop, Jr., written 
 January 9, 1631- 2, about four weeks after the elate of 
 Mr. Ward's letter to Cotton, gives .an account of a 
 recent visit of the bishop to Essex, and of the exami- 
 nation of a number of clergymen at Keldon, 2 or Kelve- 
 don and Braintree, at the latter of which places, Mr. 
 Ward was examined. " The plague," writes Mr. Jacie, 
 " having been lately at Colchester ; the bishop's visit 
 was propria persona at Keldon, where with much gravity 
 and severity, he inveighed against the pride in the 
 ministry, that they must have their plush and satin, 
 and their silk cassocks and their bandstrings and 
 knops ; if every knot had a bell at it, it would be a 
 godly show ; saying if any would inform him of abuses 
 in the ministry, by drinking, &c, he would severely 
 censure them. Mr. Cook being there commanded to 
 attend him in his chamber, got a black riband to his 
 ruff, which he so played upon, what a show it would 
 make if it w^ere of carnation or purple, &c. He was 
 very pleasant thus, sometimes. By both which he 
 
 1 Of Rev. Henry Jacie or Jessey, a Puritan writer of some note, a 
 biographical sketch will be found in Palmer's Nonconformist's Me- 
 morial, vol. 1, pp. 108-13. 
 
 2 There are two parishes in Essex by the name of Kelvedon, or as 
 the name was often written, Keldon, viz : one in the archdeaconry of 
 Colchester, and the other in the archdeaconry of Essex. (See New- 
 court's Repertorium, 11, 350-1). In Adams's Index Villaris (1680), 
 the former is spelled Kelvedon, and the latter, Kelendon. Both are 
 now spelled, Kelvedon. 
 
 We have seen a copy of " A Sermon Preached at the Second Trien- 
 niall Visitation of the Right Honovrable and Right Reverend Father 
 in Grod, William, Lord Bishop of London, holden at Kelenden in 
 Essex, September 3, 1631. By Nehemiah Rogers, Pastor of Messing 
 in Essex." London, 1632. We presume this is the same visitation 
 as that which Mr. Jacie writes about, though the date is rather early. 
 
36 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 drew the most people to admire him and applaud his 
 proceedings." 1 It would seem from Bishop Laud's 
 remarks, that the Puritan clergy, with whom he had 
 to deal, were not averse to elegant apparel. Laud, we 
 presume, objected to the dress as an clerical. Ban- 
 croft, when archbishop, threatened to lay a Puritan 
 minister " by the heels," for appearing before him with 
 " a little black edfrine: on his cuffs." 2 
 
 At Kelclon the bishop excommunicated Mr. Weld, 3 
 suspended Mr. Rogers, 4 ordered Mr. Shepard 5 to leave 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxi, p. 236. 
 
 2 Brook's Puritans, vol. n, p, 262. 
 
 3 Rev. Thomas Welde, vicar of Terling in Essex. 
 
 The next March he sailed for New England, and was settled at Rox- 
 bury, but returned to England in 1641 , and became the minister at Gates- 
 head in Durham. Those who wish to learn his connection with the 
 famous " Short Story " which goes by his name, are referred to the His- 
 torical Magazine, vol. I, pp. 321 - 4 ; and vol. n, pp. 22 - 3 ; and to Savage's 
 Genealogical Dictionary, art. Weld. Biographical sketches of Mr. 
 Welde will be found in Allen's and Eliot's Biographical Dictionaries, 
 art. Weld ; Sprague's Annals, vol. i, pp. 24 - 5 ; Young's Chronicles 
 of Massachusetts, p. 511 ; and Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, vol. I, 
 p. 492. 
 
 4 Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, lecturer at Booking in Essex. In less 
 than a year he was settled at Assington in Suffolk, in the diocese of 
 Norwich. 
 
 5 Rev. Thomas Shepard, lecturer of Earl's Colne in Essex. He was 
 afterwards chaplain in the family of Sir Richard Darly of Butter- 
 crambe, co. York. In 1635, he came to New England, and was 
 settled at Cambridge. He left an autobiography, the original manu- 
 script of which is said to be still in the possession of the Shepard Con- 
 gregational Church, Cambridge. It was first printed in a small 18mo, 
 at Boston, in 1832, under the superintendence of Rev. Nehemiah Adams, 
 D. D., with Additional Notices of his Life and Character. A large 
 portion of it is printed in Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, Boston, 
 1846. A memoir by the late Rev. John A. Albro, D D., forms the 
 fourth volume of the Lives of the Chief Fathers of New England. 
 Biographical sketches are prefixed to the edition of his works in 3 vo- 
 lumes, 1853, and to the 1657 edition of his Subjection to Christ. Sketches 
 may also be found in Mather's Magnolia, book in, part n, chap, v ; 
 
RECTORSHIP AT STONDON MA8SEY. 37 
 
 the diocese, and refused to admit Mr. Bridge as lecturer 
 of Colchester, which the people desired. Thence the 
 bishop is said to have gone to Braintree, where Mr. 
 Wharton, 1 Mr. Marshall, 2 Mr. Bruer, Mr. Car, Mr. 
 Ward and others were called before him and re- 
 ceived admonition. The following is Mr. Jacie's 
 account of the examination of the subject of this me- 
 moir ; " Mr. E"at. Ward being called whose silencing 
 was expected, and charged with rejecting the ceremo- 
 nies and common prayer, he answered (as 'tis said), 
 There is one thing I confess, I stick at — how I may 
 say for any man that die, in sure and certain hope, 3 
 or that we with our brother, &c. 4 Upon this the bishop 
 
 Sprague's Annals, vol. 1, pp. 59-68; Brook's Puritans, vol. in, pp. 
 103-7; Duyckinck's Cyclopaedia of American Literature, vol. 1, pp. 
 42 - 3 ; and Eliot's and Allen's Biographical Dictionaries, art. Skepard. 
 
 1 Probably Samuel Wharton, vicar of Felsteacl, in Essex. See 
 Davids's Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 154. 
 
 2 Probably Rev. Stephen Marshall of Wethersfield, in Essex. 
 
 3 This expression occurs in the Episcopal bnrial service : " Foras- 
 much as it hath pleased Almighty God of his great mercy to take unto 
 himself the soul of our dear brother here departed, we therefore 
 commit his body to the ground, etc., in sure and certain hope of resur- 
 rection to eternal life." The Presbyterian divines of the commission, 
 appointed March 25, 1661, by Charles II, for the review and alteration 
 of the Book of Common Prayer, etc., make the following exception to 
 the above passage : " These words cannot in truth be said of persons 
 living and dying in open and notorious sins." — Grand Debate between 
 the most Reverend Bishops and the Presbyterian Divines (London, 
 1661), p. 27. 
 
 The expression was early objected to by the Puritans (see Brook's 
 Puritans, vol. I, p. 432) ; and it has still opponents among the low 
 churchmen. Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, in an address to the Boston Church, 
 Oct. 2, 1638, names " their dead service " among what he considered 
 the corruptions of the English Church of his day. — Savage's Winthrop, 
 vol. 1, 1st edition, p. 278 ; 2d edition, p. 335. 
 
 4 These words are from the first prayer in the burial service : " We 
 give thee thanks for that it hath pleased thee to deliver this our bro- 
 ther out of the misery of this sinful world, that we with this our 
 
38 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 to resolve him, made a large explication, and so he 
 escaped." 1 
 
 Rev. Thomas Shepard, in his autobiography, gives 
 an account of his own appearance before the bishop 
 at Kelclon, 2 and of being ordered to depart the place ; 
 but he says nothing of a court having been subse- 
 quently held at Braintree as Mr. Jacie asserts, though 
 he mentions one two days after at Dunmow. " The 
 bishop," says Mr. Shepard, " having thus charged me 
 to depart, and being two dayes after to visit at Dun- 
 mow in Essex, Mr. Weld, Mr. Daniel Rogers, Mr. 
 Ward, Mr. Marshall, Mr. Wharton consulted together 
 whether it was best to let such a swine to root up 
 God's plants in Essex, and not to give hirn some check, 
 whereupon it was agreed upon privately at Braintry, 
 that some should speake to him and give him a check." 3 
 
 The treatment of the Puritan ministers by Laud was 
 not always as plausible and facetious as that described 
 by Mr. Jacie. It was often harsh and overbearing. 
 Mr. Shepard, writing of his appearance before the 
 bishop, December 16, 1630, relates, that Laud while 
 speaking to him, "looked as though blood would 
 have gushed out of his face, and did shake as if he had 
 been haunted by an ague fit," This, Mr. Shepard 
 attributed to " his extreme malice and secret venome." 4 
 
 We are told by Brook, that Mr. Ward " was often 
 
 brother and all others departed in the true faith of thy holy Xarne, 
 may have our perfect consummation and bliss." To this the Presby- 
 terian divines make the exception : " These words may harden the 
 wicked and are inconsistent with the largest charity." — Grand Debate, 
 
 p. 28. 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxi, p. 238. 
 
 2 Printed Reldon, but evidently a mistake. 
 
 3 Autobiography of Thomas Shepard, p. 34. 
 
 4 Ibid., p. 18 ; Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. vn, p. 43. 
 
RECTORSHIP AT 8T0ND0N MASSEY. 39 
 
 convened before this intolerant prelate for noncon- 
 formity ; and after frequent attendance for refusing to 
 subscribe according to the canons, he was excommu- 
 nicated and deprived of his ministry." 1 Rev. Mr. 
 Davids, in his Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in 
 Essex, furnishes the following extract from Laud's 
 account of his province for 1633 : " Having heretofore 
 after long patience and often conference proceeded 
 against Nathaniel Ward, parson of Stondon in Essex, 
 to excommunication and deprivation for refusing to 
 subscribe to the articles established by the canon of 
 the church (of which I certified last year), I have now 
 left him under the sentence of excommunication." 2 
 
 Firmin repeats an answer of Bishop Laud, to his 
 father-in-law, when he silenced him : " My Father 
 pleaded that text of Paul, He would not offend his 
 weak brother. To that speech of Paul, Bishop Laud 
 answered, Yea, Paul said so when he was alone, but do you 
 think Paul would have said so, if he had been in a Convoca- 
 tion f A rare answer, worthy of a Bishop." 3 
 
 Mr. Ward's successor was Anthony Sawbridge, S. T. 
 B., who was instituted August 8, 1633. 4 It is probable 
 that he was the clergyman of that name who had been 
 
 1 Brook's Puritans, vol. in, p. 182, quoting Wharton's Troubles of 
 Laud, vol. i, p. 535, as authority. 
 
 2 Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 464. 
 
 3 Presbyterial Ordination Vindicated, p. 38. 
 
 4 Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. n, p. 545. Rev. Mr. Davids, of Col- 
 chester, writes to us that he finds in a manuscript book, Harl., 6,244, 
 entitled, Payments and Orders of the Standing Committee of Essex, 
 Anno 1649, that this Anthony Sawbridge was implicated in the royalist 
 insurrection of 1648, which resulted in the siege of Colchester and was 
 before the committee, but got off. In his Annals, p. 277, Mr. Davids 
 cites the Lansdoicne Manuscripts, 459, to show that Mr. Sawbridge 
 was at Stondon in 1650. 
 
40 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 rector of Hadleigh in the same county, and who three 
 months later, November, 16, 1633, 1 was succeeded by 
 Mr. Ward's eldest son, John. As the patrons of the 
 two livings were relatives and intimate friends, per- 
 haps an exchange had been arranged before Mr. Saw- 
 bridge's presentation to Stondon. 
 
 Having been suspended from his ministry in Eng- 
 land, his mind naturally turned for a refuge to 
 Massachusetts, in the colonization of which he had 
 early interested himself. His eldest son, as before 
 stated, had been provided for in England, being settled, 
 in the autumn of 1633, as rector of Hadleigh, a living 
 of which the Earl of Warwick was the patron. 
 
 The next year, Mr. Ward embarked for our shores. 
 Before we follow him to his new home, we will intro- 
 duce two anecdotes of his residence in Essex, which are 
 preserved by his son-in-law. The first is this : 
 
 " I remember my Father-in-law told me that Bishop 
 Usher, having once an Ague, and being in Essex when 
 Mr. Thomas Hooker preached, it so fell out that my 
 Father-in-law went to visit him a little before his fit 
 should come, they both lying on the bed discoursing, 
 I wish, said the Bishop, that Mr. Hooker were here to 
 preach the Law home to my Conscience : that fit they talked 
 away ; he missed it. By this we may read the Spirit . 
 of that highly learned and pious Bishop." 2 
 
 This interview took place, there is little doubt, 
 during Ushers long visit to England, from 1624 to 
 1626. During that visit, this humble and pious pre- 
 late officiated for a time at the little village of Wicken 
 in Essex, where, at the request of some of the ministers 
 
 l Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. n, p. 291. 
 
 ■Real Christian, by Giles Firmin, p. 51 ; Boston ed., p. 52. 
 
RECTORSHIP AT 8T0ND0N MA88EY. 41 
 
 of that county who could not hear him on Sunday, 
 he preached on week days, and often beyond his 
 strength, so that he fell into a quartan ague which held 
 him three-quarters of a year. 1 While preaching at 
 Wicken, it is probable that he was the guest of Mat- 
 thew Bradbury, who is supposed to have been a near 
 relative of Thomas Bradbury, an early settler of 
 Salisbury in New England ; 2 for a letter dated Septem- 
 ber 9, 1624, is addressed to him at Wicken Hall, 3 the 
 seat of that gentleman. 4 Here, it is not unlikely that 
 Mr. Ward called upon his friend to condole with him 
 upon his affliction, and to take counsel with him upon 
 the best means of advancing the cause of religion. 
 This interview was probably before November, 1625. 
 for then, having recovered from his ague, the arch- 
 bishop 5 engaged in his famous disputation with Rook- 
 wood, alias Beaumont, the Catholic chaplain of Lord 
 Mordaunt. 6 
 
 The Mr. Thomas Hooker referred to, was Mr. 
 Hooker, lecturer of Chelmsford in Essex, who came to 
 
 1 England's Worthies, by William Winstanley (1684), p. 54. 
 
 2 The facts which make this probable have been communicated 
 to us by John M. Bradbury, Esq., of Boston, but are too voluminous 
 for insertion. 
 
 3 Letters appended to Parr's Life of Usher, p. 312. 
 i East Anglian, July, 1862, vol. I, p. 229. 
 
 5 He was advanced to the primacy of Ireland, March, 1624-5, during 
 his stay in England. 
 
 6 The date of the disputation is obtained from Usher's own memo- 
 randum (Parr's Life of Usher, p. 27). Winstanley says it took place 
 immediately after his recovery from the ague {English Worthies, p. 
 54). His sickness is noticed in the letters appended to Parr's life of 
 him. One to him, written January 17, 1624-5, mentions his recent 
 recovery (p. 815) ; but this may not have been the ague, or he may have 
 had a relapse, for his sickness is referred to in several letters later in 
 the year 1625, and he is again congratulated, September 14, 1625, on 
 his recovery, by the celebrated John Selden (p. 338). 
 
 6 
 
42 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 New England in 1633, in the same vessel with Eev. 
 John Cotton 1 before mentioned. The date of his 
 appointment to the lecturership at Chelmsford, was 
 1625 or 1626 ; 2 but he may have preached in Essex 
 before that appointment was received. 3 The other 
 anecdote also relates to him : 
 
 " When Mr. Hooker preached those Sermons about 
 the Soul's preparation for Christ and Humiliation, 4 my 
 Father-in-law, Mr. Nath. Ward, told him : Mr. Hooker 
 you make as good Christians before men are in Christ as ever 
 they are after ; and wished, would I were but as good a 
 Christian now, as you make men while they are but preparing 
 for Christ. But he told him the reason why he thought 
 God let him thus preach, because he saw he had not long 
 to stand, and should do his work all at once." 5 
 
 There are some circumstances that make us think 
 that another anecdote told by Firmin of Mr. Hooker, 
 may also relate to Mr. Ward. " A neer friend of mine 
 in New England" says he, " living divers miles from 
 
 1 These two ministers, Mr. Cotton and Mr. Hooker, with Mr. Ward, 
 are mentioned by Capt. Israel Stoughton of Dorchester, in 1635, as 
 favoring him in his difficulties with Winthrop and the general court. 
 See Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1860-2, p. 140. 
 
 2 Davids's Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 149. 
 
 3 Biographical Sketches of Mr. Hooker will be found in Mather's 
 Magnolia, book in, part I, Appendix ; Sprague's Annals, vol. i, pp. 
 30 - 7 ; Davids's Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, pp. 
 149-62 ; Brook's Puritans, vol. in, pp. 64-70 ; the 1743 edition of his 
 own Poor Doubting Christian drawn to Christ ; and Eliot and Allen's 
 Biographical Dictionaries, art. Hooker. A memoir of him by Ed- 
 ward W. Hooker was published at Boston in 1849, in 12mo ; being 
 the sixth and concluding volume of the Lives of the Chief Fathers of 
 New England. 
 
 4 Mr. Hooker's book, The Unbeliever Preparing for Christ, was pub- 
 lished in 1638 ; The Soul' s Effectual Calling to Christ in 1638 ; and The 
 Soul's Humiliation, in 1640. 
 
 5 Firmin's Real Christian, p. 19. 
 
RECTORSHIP AT STONDON MASSE T. 43 
 
 Mr. Hooker had occasion to be in his Towne on the 
 Sabbath : my friend being a Minister (I cannot tell 
 whether at that time in office or no to the Church, in 
 the Towne where he lived), Mr. Hooker got him to 
 preach in the forenoon e in his Church ; my friend when 
 he had done preaching (being sad and oppressed in 
 his spirits) went downe out of the deske, and would 
 not have stayed the Sacrament; but Mr. Hoo : steps 
 after him, and claps hold on his shoulder, and pulled 
 him back againe, and made him stay the Sacrament : 
 my friend told me it was the best Sacrament that ever 
 he enjoyed." l Firmin used the same language, " a 
 neare friend of mine," in the same work, in speaking 
 of his father-in-law, Mr. Ward. 2 
 
 The same writer repeats three of Mr. Ward's sayings. 
 The first is upon the question, " whether the Frater- 
 nity be the first subject of the Keys." We are told that 
 "Mr. J^ath. Ward used to say, ' They were the first 
 Subject of the Key- Clog, not of the Keys.' " To this Fir- 
 min adds, " So they have proved in many Churches, I 
 am sure." 3 
 
 , The other two sayings relate to Mr. Ward's brethren 
 in the ministry. One is concerning a divine whom this 
 writer, who knew him well, calls, " a man of great parts, 
 great grace and great infirmities," namely, Rev. Daniel 
 Rogers 4 of Wethersfield. " My Father Ward, " says Fir- 
 min, " would often say of him, ' My Brother Rogers hath 
 grace enough for two men, and not half enough for 
 
 1 Sober reply to Mr. Gawdrey (1653), pp. 27 - 8. 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 12. 
 
 z Weighty Questions Discussed, p. 6. 
 
 4 Biographical notices of Rev. Daniel Rogers will be found in Brook's 
 Puritans, vol. in, pp. 149-51, and tlie New England Historical and 
 Genealogical Register, vol. v, p. 119. 
 
44 REV NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 himself.' " 1 The other is about Rev. Thomas Shepard 
 of Cambridge, Mass., as follows: "I remember my 
 Father Ward made this observation upon him to me, 
 ' When Mr. Shepherd comes to deal with Hypocrites, he 
 cuts so desperately that we know not how to bear him, 
 made them all afraid that they were all Hypocrites ; 
 when he came to deal with a tender humble Soul, he 
 gives comfort so largely that we are afraid to take it.' 
 
 J5 2 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Pastokate at Ipswich. 
 
 In the year 1634, Mr. Ward came to New England. 3 
 We are told that he left his native land in April, and 
 arrived here in June ; 4 but, as yet, we have found no 
 early authority for this statement. The first time we 
 meet with it is in an article in the Monthly Anthology 
 for May, 1809, written by Joseph G. Cogswell, LL.D., 
 lately librarian of the Astor Library, New York. 5 
 
 1 Firmin's Real Christian ; preface to tlie Christian Reader. See 
 also Weighty Questions Discussed, preface. 
 
 2 Real Christian, p. 215 ; Boston edition, p. 216. 
 
 3 Wonder Working Providence, p. 66 ; Josselyn's Voyages, p. 255 ; 
 and Mather's Magnolia, 1st ed., book iii, p. 167 ; 3d ed., vol. r, p. 522. 
 
 4 Monthly Anthology, vol. vi, pp. 342 ; Allen's Biographical Diction- 
 ary, art. Ward. 
 
 5 Dr. Cogswell writes to us from New York, July 25, 1865 : " My 
 article upon him [Nathaniel Ward,] in the Anthology, was written in 
 haste, when I was about to embark for Europe, and I have preserved 
 none of the memoranda which I made for it. I cannot doubt that I 
 had good authority for the statement about the month of his embarka- 
 tion, although it is entirely gone from me. I do not think that the 
 article is altogether reliable, for it was written too hastily to give time 
 to verify the authorities used." 
 
PASTOR A TE AT IPS WIGH. 45 
 
 Winthrop informs us that in June of that year, four- 
 teen great ships arrived at Boston and Salem. 1 Two 
 of these, apparently, were the Francis and the Eliza- 
 beth, of Ipswich in Suffolk, where Mr. "Ward's brother 
 was town preacher, which vessels left England in 
 April, 2 the month in which Dr. Cogswell states Mr. 
 Ward sailed for our shores. It is not probable, how- 
 ever, that he came in either of these ; for the masters 
 of both ships, on their return to England, gave in lists 
 of the passengers who accompanied them to New 
 England, which lists are preserved in the British state 
 paper office, and have been several times printed. 8 
 Though this was before the proclamation prohibiting 
 ministers from transporting themselves to the planta- 
 tions without the approbation of the archbishop of 
 Canterbury and the bishop of London, 4 yet as a clergy- 
 man under ecclesiastical censure, Mr. Ward may have 
 found difficulty in leaving England, and the omission 
 of his name from the lists would not be surprising, 
 even if he came in one of the vessels. He has, 
 however, given us the name of a fellow passenger, 
 Robert Potter, 5 who probably had no such reason for 
 departing secretly. If Mr. Ward came in either of 
 the ships, Mr. Potter's name would be likely to be 
 found in one of the lists; but it is not. 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. r, 1st ed., p. 134 ; 2d ed., p. 160. 
 
 ^ New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. viii, p. 
 138 ; vol. xiv, pp. 329-32 ; Drake's Founders of JSfew England, pp. 
 51-4. 
 
 3 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxx, pp. 140 -4; Drake's 
 Founders, pp. 51-4; New England Historical and Genealogical Regis- 
 ter, vol. xiv, pp. 329 - 32. 
 
 4 Ruslrwortk's Collections, vol. n, p. 410. 
 
 5 Hypocrasie Unmasked, p. 76. 
 
46 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 It had been intended that the Ipswich vessels should 
 sail in March; but they were stayed by warrant the 
 21st of February, 1 and though their release was ordered 
 by the council Feb. 28th, 2 they did not proceed on 
 their voyage till April. 3 Several other ships, that 
 were lying in the Thames were stayed by warrant the 
 same month, and were released by the same order as 
 the Ipswich vessels. 4 In one of these Mr. Ward may 
 have come. 5 
 
 There was a similar detention of vessels four years 
 later. In the spring of 1638, eight vessels were lying 
 in the river Thames filled with passengers for New 
 England ; and an order of council was passed March 
 30, for staying them and " putting on land of all the 
 passengers and provisions intended for that voyage." 6 
 Liberty was granted to them, however, by the council, 
 eleven days later, April 10, 1638, to proceed on their 
 voyage. 7 In these ships, it has been said John Hamp- 
 den, Oliver Cromwell, John Pym, Sir Arthur Hasel- 
 rig, Sir Matthew Boynton and Sir William Constable, 
 had embarked when the warrant for staying them 
 w T as issued. This story was doubted in Hutchinson's 
 
 1 Calendar of British State Papers, Colonial Series, 1574-1660, p. 174. 
 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. vm, pp. 136-7. 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 z New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. vin, p. 138 ; 
 vol. xiv. pp. 329-32; Drake's Founders of New England, pp. 51-4. 
 
 4 Calendar of British State Papers, ubi supra ; New England Histo- 
 rical and Genealogical Register, vol. vin, p. 138. 
 
 5 Their names were : " The Clement and John, the Reformation, the 
 True Love, the Elizabeth Bonadventure, the Sea Flower, the Mary and 
 John, the Planter, the Elizabeth and Dorcas, the Hercules and the 
 Neptune." — New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 
 vin, p. 137 ; vol. ix, p. 265 ; Drake's Founders of Neio England, p. 69. 
 
 6 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. vin, p. 138. 
 
 7 Ibid., p. 139. 
 
PASTOR A TE A T IPSWICH. 47 
 
 time, 1 but was credited by Hume, 2 and afterwards 
 was generally received as true by historical writers, 
 till the publication in 1833, of Miss Aiken's Memoirs 
 of the Court of Charles i, since which time it has as 
 generally been rejected. 3 
 
 There is satisfactory evidence that Mr. Ward was 
 at Ipswich, in December, 1634, 4 and that he was then 
 settled there as a minister. 5 The manner in which 
 he is mentioned by Winthrop, seems to indicate that 
 he had been there some time. In March, 1633, the 
 year before he arrived in this country, a settlement was 
 made at Agawam. 6 Wood, who left New England the 
 following August, describes this as " one of the most 
 spatious places for a plantation ; being neare the sea, it 
 aboundeth with fish, and fiesh of fowles and beasts, 
 great Meads and Marshes and plaine plowing grounds, 
 many good rivers and harbours, and no rattle snakes." 
 He" adds there were " as yet scarce any inhabitants." 7 
 
 At Mr. Ward's coming, he found Rev. Thos. Parker, 8 
 
 1 History of Massachusetts, vol. i, 1st and 2d eds., p. 42 ; 3 ed., p. 44. 
 
 2 History of England, chap. lii. 
 
 3 The early statements relative to the reported embarkation of Crom- 
 well for this country have been collected in an article published in the 
 Mew England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xx, pp. 113 - 21. 
 This article was reprinted in a pamphlet of 11 pages. 
 
 4 Letter of John Winthrop to his son John Winthrop, Jr., at London, 
 dated Dec. 12, 1634, printed in Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, Appendix 
 A, 55. 
 
 5 Letter of James Cudworth of Scituate, a brother of the famous wri- 
 ter, Dr. Ealph Cudworth, to the Rev. John Stoughton, D. D., of Lon- 
 don, dated Dec, 1634, printed in the New England Historical and 
 Genealogical Register, vol. xrv, pp. 101-4. 
 
 6 Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed., p. 101 ; 2d ed., p. 120. 
 
 7 Mew England's Prospect, part I, chap, x, Prince Society's ed., pp. 
 48-9. 
 
 s Eev. Thomas Parker was the only son of Rev. Robert Parker, a 
 Puritan writer of some celebrity at that time, author of He Politia 
 
48 BEV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 a pupil 1 of his friend, Archbishop Usher, preaching 
 at Agawam, 2 and he himself was invited to settle there 
 as a minister. He accepted the invitation and com- 
 menced officiating the same year. 3 The church at 
 this place was the ninth formed in the Massachusetts 
 colony, 4 and the tenth then in existence in New Eng- 
 land. 5 Mr. Ward was settled as pastor, and Mr. Par- 
 ker as teacher. 6 
 
 In August, 1634, the plantation at Agawam received 
 the name of Ipswich, 7 "in acknowledgment" Win- 
 throp tells us " of the great honor and kindness done 
 to our people who took shipping there." 8 The settlers 
 of this town were men of good rank and quality, many 
 of them having had a considerable revenue from lands 
 in England before they emigrated. 9 The winter after 
 his arrival, Mr. Ward resided in the house of John 
 
 Ecclesiastica and other works, of whom Brook gives a sketch in his 
 Lives of the Puritans, vol. 11, pp. 237-40; and Mr. Davids in his 
 Annals, pp. 112-13. Biographical sketches of Rev. Thomas Parker, 
 will he fonnd in Coffin's Newbury, pp. 374-5; Mather's Magnolia, 
 book in, chap, xxv ; Eliot's and Allen's Biographical Dictionaries, art. 
 Parker ; Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, vol. I, pp. 41 - 3 ; 
 and Brook's Puritans, vol. in, pp. 469-70. None of these writers give 
 the precise date of his birth. He was born Whitsunday, June 8, 1595. 
 See New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. vi,p. 352 ; 
 vol. vn, p. 206. See also Historical Magazine, vol. xn, p. 144. 
 
 1 Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xxv, sect. 3 ; Coffin's Neicbury, 
 p. 374 ; and Allen's and Eliot's Biographical Dictionaries, art. Parker. 
 
 2 Felt's History of Ipswich, Mass., p. 216 ; Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 
 1st ed., p. 133 ; 2d ed., p. 158. 
 
 3 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xiv, p. 103. 
 
 4 Wonder Working Providence, p. 66. 
 
 5 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, ubi supra. 
 fi Ibid. 
 
 7 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. I, p. 123. 
 
 8 Savage's Winthrop, vol. i, 1st ed., p. 137 ; 2d ed., p. 164. See also 
 Hubbard's New England, p. 155. 
 
 1J Wonder Working Providence, p. 66. 
 
PASTOR A TE A T IPS WICH. 49 
 
 Winthrop, Jr., afterwards governor of Connecticut, 
 who was then in England. There was some relation- 
 ship between these two families, as John Winthrop, 
 governor of Massachusetts, father of the above Mr. 
 Winthrop, applies the term cousin to both Mr. Ward 
 and his son-in-law Firmin. 1 The precise relationship 
 we have not, however, been able to ascertain. The 
 first wife of John Winthrop, senior, was Mary Forth ; 2 
 
 and a cousin-german of her father, married Warde 
 
 of Mendham in Suffolk. 3 The second wife of the first 
 Gov. Winthrop was Margaret Clopton ; 4 and according 
 to Rev. Matthias Candler, a cousin-german of Rev. 
 Nathaniel Ward, namely, Capt. Samuel Warde of Lid- 
 gate, married a daughter of Clopton, Gent. 5 
 
 The relationship was probably through one or both of 
 these marriages. 
 
 The following spring Mr. Parker removed from Ips- 
 wich to a settlement, at the mouth of the Merrimac, 
 which received the name of Newbury. Here a church 
 was formed, Mr. Parker becoming its pastor and his 
 cousin, Rev. James E"oyes, its teacher. 6 After the 
 departure of his first colleague, Mr. Ward had the 
 assistance of Rev. Thomas Bracey or Brucy, 7 and of 
 
 1 Grov. Winthrop indorses a letter from Mr. Ward written Dec. 22, 
 1639, "Cosin Warde." He also indorses a letter Feb. 12, 1639-40, 
 from Giles Firmin, " Cosin Firmin." See Collections Massachusetts 
 Historical Society, vol. xxxvn, pp. 27 and 275. 
 
 2 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xviii, pp. 
 183-4. 
 
 '"Brights of Suffolk, p. 268. 
 
 4 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xviu, pp. 
 183 and 185. 
 
 5 See Appendix I. 
 
 6 Coffin's History of Neivbury, pp. 12-14 ; Felt's Ipswich, p. 216. 
 
 7 Felt's Ipswich, p. 218 ; Felt's Ecclesiastical History of New Eng- 
 land, vol. i, p. 421. 
 
 7 
 
50 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 Kev. John Norton. 1 The latter clergyman, who sub- 
 sequently became the teacher of this church, 2 had 
 arrived in New England in 1635. Landing at Ply- 
 mouth in the autumn of that year, he continued there 
 all winter, preaching to the people of that town, 
 who invited him to become their pastor; but he 
 declined, " alledging that his spirit could not close 
 with them," 3 and removed to the more congenial 
 colony of Massachusetts. 4 
 
 The health of Mr. Ward soon became impaired. 
 As early as January 19, 1634 -5, he was absent from 
 an important meeting of the ministers of Massachu- 
 setts, held at Boston, of which Gov. Winthrop gives 
 
 1 For biographical sketches of Rev. John Norton, see Lives of the 
 Chief Fathers of New England, vol. n ; Felt's Ipswich, pp. 221 - 5 ; 
 Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, ii ; Eliot's and Allen's Biographical 
 Dictionaries, art. Norton ; Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, 
 vol. i, pp. 54-9 ; and Brook's Puritans, vol. ill, pp. 419-22. 
 
 2 Wonder Working Providence, p. 73 ; New England Historical and 
 Genealogical Register, vol. v, p. 135. 
 
 3 Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed., p. 175 ; 2d ed., 209. 
 
 4 The settlers of the Plymouth colony, with whom Mr. Norton's 
 spirit " could not close " were originally Separatists ; but those of the 
 Massachusetts colony, while in England, were merely nonconformists. 
 After their removal to this country and the interchange of opinion, the 
 views of both appear to have been modified, so that there were fewer 
 points of difference between them. Each people, however, retained 
 much of its original bias. The difference in the origin of these two 
 communities is very clearly shown in a lecture, entitled, The Pilgrim 
 Fathers neither Puritans nor Persecutors, delivered Jan. 18, 1866, 
 before the Friends' Institute of London, by Benjamin Scott, chamber- 
 lain of that city (8vo, London, 1866, pp. 39) ; which lecture is reprinted 
 in the Historical Magazine for May, 1867, pp. 261-77. Mr. Scott con- 
 siders as Mr. Hanbury does {Memorials, in, 549), that neither the 
 Separatists nor Independents are to be ranked with the Puritans ; but 
 writers generally (including Neal, Brook, and most others who have 
 written upon Puritan history or biography), class them as such. We 
 cannot see that anything will be gained by changing the meaning 
 which long usage has attached to the term, Puritan. 
 
PASTORATE AT IPSWICH. 51 
 
 an account in his Journal, and he is recorded as the 
 only minister in the colony who did not attend. 1 
 Other causes, however, besides his health — the distance 
 and the season for instance — may have prevented 
 his attendance. Though the people desired much to 
 retain so able a minister as their pastor, he soon felt 
 compelled to lay down his charge, " that being left to 
 his liberty hee might Preach more seldom." 2 It is 
 said that his church released him in 1636 from his 
 engagement. 3 In that year the Antinomian troubles 
 arose. 
 
 On the 25th of October, 1636, during a session of 
 the general court, a private conference of the minis- 
 ters of the bay with Mrs. Anne Hutchinson 4 and her 
 relative, Rev. John Wheelwright, 5 concerning their 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. i, 1st ed., p. 154 ; 2d ed., p. 183. 
 
 2 Wonder Working Providence, p. 88. 
 
 3 Pulsifer's ed. of the Simple Cobbler ; notice of the. author, p. iv ; 
 Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, p. 113; Archaiologia Americana, 
 vol. in, p. cxii. 
 
 4 A life of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson by Rev. George E. Ellis of Charles- 
 town will be found in the sixth volume of the second series of Sparks's 
 American Biography. Henry B. Dawson, Esq., of Morrisania, N. Y., 
 published in 1856, in a newspaper, a series of articles on the Life and 
 Times of Anne Hutchinson, which he intends te reprint in the uniforni 
 series of his Minor Works (see New England Historical and Genealogical 
 Register, vol. xvn, p. 87). Hutchinson, in his History of Massachu- 
 setts, vol. i, chap, i, and vol. n, appendix ii, gives an account of the 
 troubles occasioned by her doctrines. See also Chandler's Criminal 
 Trials, vol. i, pp. 1-29. 
 
 5 Biographical notices of Rev. John Wheelwright will be found in 
 Brook's Puritans, vol. in, pp. 472 - 7 ; and Eliot's and Allen's Biograph- 
 ical Dictionaries, art. Wheelwright. Some original researches relative 
 to him previous to his emigration, by J. L. Chester, Esq., are printed in 
 the Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xxi, pp. 363 - 5. His fast 
 day sermon, Jan. 16, 1636, is printed in the Historical Magazine for 
 April, 1867, pp. 215-24, and reprinted in pamphlet form. The famous 
 deed to him by four Indian sagamores, 17 May, 1629, is printed in Bel- 
 
52 BEY. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 opinions, was held at Boston. 1 Mr. TV~ard was 
 
 present at this meeting. In the course 'of the confer- 
 ence, to show the difference between'' the witness of 
 the spirit" and "the seal of the spirit,'' he compared 
 them to " the broad seal and the little seal," a com- 
 parison that was afterwards charged upon Rev. Mr. 
 Wheelwright. 2 
 
 Iii the examination of Mrs. Hutchinson by the 
 general court, held at Xewtown since Cambridge, 
 Xovember, 1637, Thomas Dudley, the deputy go- 
 vernor, addressed Mrs. Hutchinson relative to a 
 conversation between her and Mr. TTard : 
 
 " For that other thing I mentioned, for the letter of 
 the scripture that it held forth nothing but a covenant 
 of works, and for the latter, that we are in a state of 
 damnation, being under a covenant of works, or to 
 that effect, these two things you also deny. Xow 
 the case stands thus. About three quarters of a 
 year ago, I heard of it, and speaking of it there came 
 one to me who is not here, but will affirm it if need be, 
 as he did to me, that he did hear you say in so many 
 words. He set it down under his hand, and I can 
 bring it forth when the court pleases. His name is 
 subscribed to both these things, and upon my peril be 
 
 knap's History of JVcar Hampshire, vol. i. appendix i, and Hazard's 
 State Papers, vol. I, pp. '271 -4. Some writers think tlie deed spurious, 
 and we, ourselves, have doubts as to its genuineness. For arguments 
 and facts, pi -o and eon, see Portsmouth Journal, Xov. 22, 1823: New 
 Hampshire Historical Collections, vol. i, pp. 299-304; Savage's Win- 
 throp, vol. i, appendix H. ; Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 
 vi, p. 385 ; vol. viir, p. 90 ; and vol. ix. p. 208. 
 
 lavage's Winthrop, vol. I. 1st ed., p. 201 : 2d ed., p. 240 : Hutchin- 
 son's Massachusetts, vol. i, 1st and 2d eds., p. 56 : 3d ed., p. 58. 
 
 2 Hutchinson's Massachusetts, vol. n, 1st and 2d eds., p. 506 ; 3d ed., 
 p. 438. 
 
PASTOR A TE AT IPSWICH. 53 
 
 it if I bring you not in the paper and bring the minis- 
 ter (meaning Mr. Ward), to be deposed." 
 
 When the deputy governor finished speaking, the 
 governor, Mr. Winthrop, asked Mrs. Hutchinson : 
 " What say you to this, though nothing be directly 
 proved, yet you hear it may be." She replied : 
 
 " I acknowledge using the words of the apostle to 
 the Corinthians unto him, that they that were minis- 
 ters of the letter and not the spirit did preach a 
 covenant of works. Upon his saying there was no 
 such scripture, then I fetched the bible and shewed 
 him this place, II Cor., iii, 6. He said that was the 
 letter of the law. No said I, it is the letter of the 
 gospel." 
 
 The governor here interrupted her: " You have 
 spoken this more than once then ? " She continued : 
 
 " Then upon further discourse about proving a good 
 estate and holding it out by the manifestation of the 
 spirit he did acknowledge that to be the nearest way, 
 but yet, said he, will you not acknowledge that which 
 we hold forth to be a way wherein we may have hope; 
 no truly, if that be a way it is a way to hell." 1 
 
 This examination of Mrs. Hutchinson lasted two 
 days, and resulted as is well known in her banishment 
 from the colony. Nothing more relative to Mr. Ward 
 is found in it. 
 
 His successor as pastor of the church at Ipswich 
 was a relative of his step-father. 
 
 This clergyman, Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, 2 had arrived 
 
 1 Hutchinson's Massachusetts, vol. II, 1st and 2d eds., p. 496 - 7 ; 3d 
 ed., p. 432. 
 
 2 For biographical sketches of Eev. Nathaniel Rogers, see New Eng- 
 land Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. v. pp. 132 - 7 ; Felt's 
 Ipswich, pp. 219 - 21 ; Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xiv, Eliot's 
 
54 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 in the colony, in 1636, and had been urged to settle 
 at Dorchester but declined. 1 Having been invited to 
 become the pastor of the Ipswich church, he accepted 
 the invitation, and on the 20th of February, 1637-8, 
 was ordained as pastor. 2 It is said that Rev. Mr. Nor- 
 ton was ordained at the same time as teacher. 3 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Body or Liberties. 
 
 The ill health of Mr. Ward, which prevented him 
 from longer serving as the pastor of a church, was 
 not such as to condemn him to idleness ; and an oppor- 
 tunity for usefulness was soon opened to him. At the 
 session of the general court which commenced March 
 12, 1637-8, the next month after his successor had 
 been ordained at Ipswich, he was appointed on a com- 
 mittee to prepare a code of laws for Massachusetts, 4 
 and was thus enabled to make his legal knowledge of 
 
 and Allen's Biographical Dictionaries, art. Rogers ; Sprague's Annals 
 of the American Pulpit, vol. i, pp. 81-9 ; and Brook's Puritans, vol. 
 in, pp. 238-41. 
 
 1 Mather's Magnolia, 1st ed., book in, chap, xiv, section 12. 
 
 2 Hubbard's History of New England, p. 274 ; New England Histo- 
 rical and Genealogical Register, vol. v. p. 135 ; Felt's Ipswich, p. 222. 
 
 3 Hubbard's New England ; New England Historical and Genealogi- 
 cal Register ; and Felt's Ipswich, ubi supra. 
 
 Johnson, in the Wonder Working Providence, p, 73, states that Mr. 
 Norton was called to the office of teaching elder of Ipswich, while 
 Mr. Ward was pastor ; and some writers place his ordination there in 
 1636. See Harris's edition of Hubbard's New England, p. 274, note. 
 
 4 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. i, p. 222 ; Savage's Winthrop, 
 vol. I, 1st ed., p. 257 ; 2d ed., p. 309. 
 
THE BODY OF LIBERTIES. 55 
 
 service to the colony. The people had early desired 
 such a code ; for so much power had been left with the 
 magistrates, that they considered their liberties un- 
 safe. 1 Before this, three committees had been chosen 
 for the revision of the laws, namely, two composed 
 entirely of members of the court, in March, 1634 - 5, 2 
 and May, 1635, 3 and one including elders in May, 1636. 4 
 These three committees appear to have made little 
 progress, though Rev. John Cotton, teacher of the 
 Boston church, a member of the third committee, is 
 said to have reported to the general court, October 25, 
 1636, " a model of Moses his judicials, compiled in an 
 exact method." 5 Indeed, most of the magistrates, and 
 some of the elders were lukewarm in the matter. 6 
 Their reasons, are given by Winthrop, as follows : 
 
 " One was, want of sufficient experience of the 
 nature and disposition of the people, considered with 
 the condition of the country and other circumstances, 
 which made them conceive that such laws would be 
 fittest for us which should arise pro re nata, upon occa- 
 sions, etc., and so the laws of England and other states 
 grew, and therefore the fundamental laws of England 
 are called customs, consuetudines. 
 
 " Second. Eor that it would professedly transgress 
 the limits of our charter, which provide, we shall make 
 no laws repugnant to the laws of England ; and that 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed., pp. 322 and 160 ; 2d ed., pp. 388 
 and 191. 
 
 ' 2 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. i, p. 137. 
 
 3 Ibid., p. 147 ; Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed., p. 160 ; 2d ed., 
 p. 191. 
 
 4 Massachusetts Colony Records, pp. 174-5. 
 
 5 Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed., p. 202 ; 2d ed., p. 240. The 
 records make no mention of this. 
 
 6 Savage's Winthrop, vol. i, 1st ed., p. 323 ; 2d ed., p. 389. 
 
56 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 we were assured we must do. But to raise up laws by 
 practice and custom had been no transgression ; as in 
 our church discipline, and in matters of marriage. To 
 make a law that marriages should not be solemnized 
 by ministers is repugnant to the laws of England; but 
 to bring it to a custom by practice for the magistrates 
 to perform it, is no law made repugnant, etc." 1 
 
 The present committee also seems to have been 
 dilatory in its actions ; for, at the June session, 1639, 
 the marshal was ordered by the general court to give 
 notice to the committee on the body of laws to send 
 to the next court such draft of the laws as they had 
 prepared. 2 The people had probably become impatient. 
 At length the matter was referred — perhaps by the 
 committee or by the magistrates — to Mr. Cotton and 
 Mr. Ward. Each of them framed a " model " which 
 was presented to the general court, November, 1639. 3 
 These two models were committed to Gov. Winthrop, 
 Deputy Gov. Dudley and some others, to digest into 
 one body, altering, adding and omitting as they saw 
 fit. Copies of the digest were to be made and sent to 
 the several towns for the consideration of the elders 
 and freemen against the next session of the court. 4 
 
 In a letter, written December 22, 1639, to Gov. 
 Winthrop, who was at the head of the above commit- 
 tee, Ward queries, " Whether it will not be of ill 
 consequence to send the Court busines to the common 
 consideration of the freemen." He adds : 
 
 " I fear it will too much exauctorate the power of 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. i, 1st ed., p. 323 ; 2d ed., p. 389. 
 
 2 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. I, p. 262. 
 
 3 Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed., p. 322 ; 2d ed., p. 388. 
 
 4 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. I, p. 279 ; Savage's Winthrop, 
 ubi supra. 
 
THE BODY OF LIBERTIES. 57 
 
 that Court to prostrate matters in that manner. I sus- 
 pect both Commonwealth and Churches haue discended 
 to lowe already. I see the spirits of the people runne 
 high, and what they gett they hould. They may not be 
 denyed their proper and lawfull liberties; but I question 
 whether it be of God to interest the inferiour sort in 
 that which should be reserued inter optimates penes quos 
 
 est sancire leges ... There is a necessity that the 
 
 Covenant, if it be agreed vpon, should be considered 
 and celebrated by the seuerall congregations and towns, 
 
 and happily the x but I dare not determyne 
 
 concerning the latter. I mean of putting it to the 
 suffrage of the people." 2 
 
 Mr. Thomas Lechford, author of Plain Dealing, 2, was 
 employed to make the copies ; 4 but though he was 
 educated as a lawyer, we have found no intimation 
 
 1 Dr. John Appleton, acting librarian of the Massachusetts Historical 
 Society, thinks that the word left blank above, is tenure. We have 
 examined the manuscript, and agree with him. 
 
 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxxvn, pp. 26 - 7. 
 
 3 An edition of this work, with an elaborate introduction by J. Ham- 
 mond Trumbull, Esq., and very thoroughly annotated by him, was 
 published in 1867, by Wiggin & Lunt of Boston, in small 4to, pp. xl 
 and 211. 
 
 4 Lechford's Plain Dealing, p. 31 ; Massachusetts Historical Collec- 
 tions, vol. xxxvn, p. 27. 
 
 Mr. Trumbull, in a note to his edition of Lechford, p. 72, says : 
 " Lechford's account book and journal show that he delivered twelve 
 copies of ' the Lawesfor the Country,' in December, 1639 : ' Five copies 
 more .... by the direction of our Governor, 11, 8, 1639 ; seven of them 
 (and the former) had three lawes more added ; ' ' A coppie of the Ab- 
 stract of the Latoes of New England, d<*to the Governor, 11, 15, 1639.' 
 [Was this Mr. Cotton's, printed under the same title in 1641 ? — T.] 'A 
 coppy of the breviat of the body of Lawes for the Country, 12, 5, 1639 ; ' 
 ' Three coppyes of the said breviat delivered to the Governor, besides 
 the first, 12, 12, 1639 : ' ' One coppy dd to Mr B[ellingham ? — T.] : ' 
 ' One coppy .... delivered to Mr. Bellingham wth one copy of the 
 original Institution and Limitation of the Counsell, at 4s and 2s, 12, 
 
58 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 by himself or his contemporaries that he assisted in the 
 compilation. Some of his objections to the ecclesias- 
 tical laws, which he presented to the magistrates, 
 March 4, 1639-40, are printed in his book. 1 The 
 article of this digest on the organization of churches, 
 to which Lechford objects, is preserved by him. In the 
 code, as finally adopted by the colony, this article 
 appears to have been divided into several sections and 
 to have been altered in substance, and in the position of 
 its parts as well as in language. Some of the features 
 which Lechford objected to, are omitted. 2 Nothing 
 resembling the article of the digest preserved in Plain 
 Healing, nor its substitute in the Body of Liberties, is 
 found in the Abstract ofLaivs, by John Cotton. 3 
 
 17, 1639 : ' and, near the end of the month (February, 1640), ' Seven 
 coppyes more of the said breviats.' " 
 
 On the 22d of December, 1639, Mr. Ward, writing to Winthrop, 
 says : " Yf Mr. Lachford haue writt them out, I would be glad to 
 peruse one of his copies, if I may receiue them." — Massachusetts His- 
 torical Collections, vol. xxxvu, p. 27. 
 
 1 Lechford's Plain Dealing, pp. 31 - 4. 
 
 2 Compare Lechford's Plain Dealing, pp. 31 - 2, with the Body of 
 Liberties, art. 95. 
 
 3 This Abstract has been several times printed. The first edition 
 was issued at London, 1641, and the second at the same place, 1655. 
 The first edition has been twice reprinted in this country ; namely, in 
 the Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. v ; and in Force's Tracts, 
 vol. III. 
 
 The Abstract is also printed in Hutchinson's Collection of Papers, 
 pp. 161 - 79, probably from a manuscript copy, as it differs from both 
 editions of the printed work. Gfov. Hutchinson, in the first volume of 
 his History (1st and 2d eds., p. 442 ; 3d ed., p. 390), mentions having seen 
 " the first draught of the laws by Mr. Cotton, .... corrected with Mr. 
 Winthrop's hand." We think it was this manuscript which Gov. 
 Hutchinson printed in his Collection of Papers, as on p. 174 of this 
 work, corrections by Mr. Winthrop are referred to, that agree with 
 those specified in the history. Gov. Hutchinson had the use of some 
 of the papers of Rev. John Cotton, which his brother-in-law, Rev. 
 Samuel Mather, a descendant of Cotton, had inherited. (See Drake's 
 
THE BODY OF LIBERTIES. 59 
 
 The copies of the digest had been sent to the towns 
 before the May session of the general court in 1640, 
 at which an order was passed inviting the elders and 
 freemen to " ripen their thoughts " upon the proposi- 
 tions. 1 
 
 A year after, in Juue, 1641, Gov. Bellingham was 
 appointed to peruse all laws, and report to the next 
 court what changes ought to be made; 2 but it would 
 seem, from the order of March, 1643 -4, 3 that this did 
 not refer to the fundamental laws, but to other laws of 
 general obligation. 
 
 At the following session October, 1641, the governor, 
 (Mr. Bellingham) and Mr. Hawthorne " were desired 
 to speake to Mr. Ward for a coppey of the liberties and 
 of the capitall lawes, to bee transcribed and sent to the 
 severall townes." 4 We presume there was but little 
 delay in obtaining the copy from Mr. Ward, and caus- 
 ing it to be transcribed and sent to the different towns, 
 as final action on the code was taken at the next ses- 
 sion of the general court which began on the tenth of 
 December 5 following. " This session," says Winthrop, 
 "continued three weeks and established 100 laws, 
 which were called the Body of Liberties. They had been 
 
 ed. of Rev. Increase Mather's King Philip, p. xxii) ; and this manuscript 
 may have been among them. 
 
 In the edition of Hutchinson's Collection, lately printed for the Prince 
 Society, the editor of the first volume, Mr. Whitmore, has noted the 
 variations between the editions of 1641 and 1655, and Mr. Hutchin- 
 son's copy. 
 
 1 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. 1, pp. 292-3. 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 320. 
 
 3 Ibid., vol. 11. p. 61. 
 
 4 Ibid., vol. 1, p. 340. 
 
 5 Ibid., vol. 1, p. 342 ; Savage's Winthrop, vol. 11, 1st ed., p. 50 ; 2d ed., 
 p. 60. 
 
60 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 composed by Mr. Nathaniel Ward .... and had been 
 revised and altered by the court, and sent forth into 
 every town to be further considered of, and now again 
 in this court, they were revised, amended, and pre- 
 sented, and so established for three years, by that 
 experience to have them fully amended and established 
 to be perpetual." l 
 
 The secretary of the general court appears to have 
 made no record of the adoption of the Body of Liber- 
 ties. Perhaps the court may have ordered the omission. 
 It has been seen that when the matter of a code was 
 first agitated, it was questioned whether some of the 
 laws that were needed might not be construed to be 
 contrary to those of England, and consequently a viola- 
 tion of the charter. Mr. Trumbull has noted the fact 
 that the Body of Liberties was framed with the evident 
 design of avoiding this difficulty; for it expressly directs 
 that the " specified rites, freedomes, Immunities, Au- 
 thorities and priviledges, both Civill and Ecclesiastical 
 are expressed onely under the name and title of Liber- 
 ties, and not in the exact form of Laws or Statutes." 2 
 " The General Court," says Trumbull, " did not enact 
 them, but did 'with one consent fully authorize and 
 earnestly entreat all that are and shall be in authority 
 to consider them as laws/ and not fail to inflict punish- 
 ment for every violation of them." 3 
 
 Though the secretary makes no mention of the Body 
 of Liberties in his record of the session that adopted 
 it, the following memorandum in the hand-writing of 
 Gov. "Winthrop is found appended : 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed. p. 55 ; 2d ed. p. 66. 
 
 2 Body of Liberties, lib. 96. 
 
 3 Trumbull's Lecliford, p. 62. 
 
THE BOD T OF LIBERTIES. 61 
 
 "At this Court, the bodye of laues formerly sent 
 amonge the Freeman, &c., was voted to stand in 
 force, &C." 1 
 
 It is possible that this memorandum may not have 
 been made till some years later, when, to use Mr. Trum- 
 bull's language, "the ascendency of the parliament was 
 established, and Massachusetts was for a time relieved 
 from apprehension of the loss of her charter." Then 
 " the General Court denied, with less reserve, the autho- 
 rity of the laws of England." 2 In 1648, the government 
 of the colony was bold enough to print its laws. 3 
 
 From the statements of Gov. Winthrop, we infer 
 that the " model " which he says was prepared by Mr. 
 Ward and presented to the general court in November, 
 1639, was the code, that after being twice revised and 
 amended by the court, was adopted in December, 1641. 
 To what extent the "model " of Ward differed from 
 the Body of Liberties, we have no means of determining. 
 Even if Mr. Ward's manuscript or a copy of it, 4 should 
 hereafter be discovered, it would not be safe to say 
 how much of the code adopted was his composition, as 
 the order of October, 1641, seems to indicate that the 
 breviat of propositions underwent some revision by 
 hirn before being submitted to the towns for their 
 judgment, in the fall of that year. Mr. Poole has 
 found on the Woburn records, under the date of De- 
 cember 18, 1640, the preamble to the Body of Liberties, 
 with but trifling variations. 5 This was several months 
 
 1 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. i, p. 346. 
 
 2 Trumbull's Lechford, p. 62. 
 
 3 The capital laws were printed in 1642. 
 
 4 A small portion of it is preserved by Lechford. — Ante, p. 56. 
 
 5 Johnson's Wonder Working Providence, edited by W. F. Poole, 
 Esq., introduction, p. ci. 
 
62 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 after Mr. Ward's model had been sent out to the towns ; 
 and the most natural inference is, that the preamble 
 was copied thence on the Woburn records. 
 
 As Gov. Winthrop was on most of the committees, 
 and was chairman of the committee of revision in 1639, 
 we see no reason why full credence should not be 
 given to his testimony as to the authorship of the code. 
 His account indicates that the code adopted, was sub- 
 stantially that prepared by Mr. Ward. Messrs. Gray 1 
 and Phillips, 2 Avho have written on the subject, besides 
 other authors, assign the credit of the compilation to 
 him. 
 
 The Body of Liberties was " the first Code of Laws 
 established in New England." 3 Nineteen copies were 
 ordered to be transcribed and sent to the several towns. 4 
 None of these copies are known to be in existence ; 
 and, for a long time, the code itself was supposed to be 
 lost. But about fifty years ago, a transcript was dis- 
 covered by Francis C. Gray, LL.D., in the library of 
 the Boston Athenaeum, written on paper bound up with 
 a copy of the 1672 edition of the Colony Lavjs, Mr. 
 Gray does not appear, however, to have made his dis- 
 covery public till 1843, in which year the Body of 
 Liberties was printed in the twenty-eighth volume of the 
 Massachusetts Historical Collections, under the editorial 
 supervision of Mr. Gray himself. 
 
 It is evident that this is a copy of the code adopted in 
 1641, and not a later one, for the three capital laws, 
 passed June, 1642 — which are numbered 10, 11 and 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxviii, p. 196. 
 
 2 Collections of the Essex Institute, vol. vi, p. 169. 
 
 3 F. C. Gray, in Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxviii, 
 p. 196. 
 4 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. i, p. 344. 
 
THE BOD T OF LIBERTIES. 63 
 
 12, in the reprint of the official copy in New England's 
 Jonas cast up — are not here. 
 
 In the reply of the general court, November, 1646, 
 to the petition of Dr. Child and others ; which reply is 
 printed in Hutchinson's Collection of Papers, pp. 201-7, 
 the substance of many of the Liberties or " Fundamen- 
 talist' is given. This agrees with Mr. Gray's printed 
 copy, except in three instances, which may be clerical 
 or typographical errors. 1 The manuscript copy in the 
 Athenaeum library was apparently made after the 1672 
 edition of the Laws, with which it is bound, was 
 printed. 
 
 Mr. Gray has prefixed to the Body of Liberties an 
 historical account of the early colonial laws of Massa- 
 chusetts. He remarks upon this code : 
 
 " The Body of Liberties .... exhibits throughout 
 the hand of the practiced lawyer, familiar with the 
 principles and securities of English liberty; and al- 
 though it retains some strong traces of the times, is in 
 the main, far in advance of them, and in several respects 
 in advance of the Common Law of England at this 
 dav. 2 
 
 1 These instances are : 1, on p. 202, the matter referred to as in 
 Liberty 1, is in sect. 1 of Liberty 95. 2, on the same page, what is 
 referred to as in Liberty 2 and 38, is in sects. 2, 3 and 8 of Liberty 95. 
 3, on p. 204, what is referred to as in Liberty 23 is in Liberty 29. 
 
 2 Witness the 80th Liberty, providing that no man shall strike his 
 wife ; whereas the common law of England authorizes the infliction of 
 chastisement on a wife with a reasonable instrument. There is an 
 anecdote, that Judge Buller, charging the jury in such- a case, said to 
 them : " Without undertaking to define exactly what a reasonable 
 instrument is, I hold, gentlemen of the jury, that a stick no bigger 
 than my thumb comes clearly within that description ; " and that a 
 committee of ladies waited on him the nest day, to beg that they 
 might be favored with the exact dimensions of his Lordship's thumb. 
 
 See also Liberties 8, 9, 10, 11 and 25, and several others, for provi- 
 sions in advance of the age. — Note by Mr. Gray. 
 
64 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 " It shows that our ancestors, instead of deducing 
 their laws from the books of Moses, established at the 
 outset a code of fundamental principles, which, taken 
 as a whole, for wisdom, equity, and adaptation to the 
 wants of their community challenge a comparison with 
 any similar production, from Magna Charta itself to 
 the latest Bill of Rights, that has been put forth in 
 Europe or America." 1 
 
 Stephen H. Phillips, Esq., in a sketch of the life of 
 Mr. Ward, published a few years ago, expresses 
 the opinion that this code will be admitted to be a 
 great work " even by the wisest men of the present 
 age." 2 "The soldier who conquers a country by fire 
 •and sword," says he, "the robbing adventurer, who, 
 tossed about by the wind and waves, first plants his 
 foot on what afterwards becomes a great country, is 
 thought worthy of a place in history, but how much 
 greater claim has any man to kind remembrance by 
 posterity, who shapes their civil institutions with a 
 master hand and the salutary influence of whose labors 
 is felt for centuries in all the relations of private life. 
 It is hardly too much to claim this merit for Mr. 
 "Ward." 3 "The Body of Liberties" he adds, "is not 
 strictly a statute. It is chiefly a bill of rights and 
 was wisely so understood by its framers. It indicates 
 but does not define, rights of which it acknowledges 
 the independent existence, but to which it does not 
 impart vitality." 4 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxviii, p. 199. 
 
 2 Collections of the Essex Institute, vol. vi, p. 169. Mr. Phillips 
 refers to 7 Cushing's Reports, 67, and 7 Allen's Reports, 158, where the 
 code is approvingly noticed by j udges of the supreme court of Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 3 Ibid., p. 170. 
 
 4 Ibid., p. 169. 
 
THE BODY OF LIBERTIES. 65 
 
 Mr. Poole, in the introduction to his edition of 
 Johnson's Wonder Working Providence, speaking of the 
 preamble to the Body of Liberties, says : " This sub- 
 lime declaration, standing at the head of the first code 
 of Laws in I\ T ew England, was the production of no 
 common intellect. It has the movement and the 
 dignity of a mind like John Milton's or Algernon 
 Sidney's; and its theory of government was far in 
 advance of the age. A bold avowal of the rights of 
 man, and a plea for popular freedom, it contains the 
 germ of the memorable Declaration of July 4, 1776." 1 
 
 It was provided that, at every general court for 
 three years following, this code should be audibly read 
 and deliberately weighed, and that such of the laws 
 as were not altered or repealed should "stand so rati- 
 fied; that no man shall infringe them without due 
 punishment." For the omission to read them, the 
 governor, deputy governor, and every magistrate and 
 deputy were to be fined," 2 
 
 In June, 1642, three new laws inflicting the punish- 
 ment of death were enacted, 3 making fifteen in all ; and 
 the capital laws, 4 thus amended, were ordered to be 
 printed. 5 
 
 1 T7ie Wonder Working Providence, edited by W. F. Poole (Boston, 
 1867), pp. ci-cii. Mr. Poole doubts whether Mr. Ward was "the sole 
 author of the preamble ; " and suggests that " the leading ideas " niay 
 have " originated with some of the acute and advanced thinkers of that 
 period in England." 
 
 2 Body of Liberties, lib. 98. 
 
 3 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. n, p. 21. 
 
 4 The Capital Laws form only one article (No. 94), of the code. None 
 of the copies then printed for the colony are probably in existence ; but 
 a reprint will be found in New England's Jonas cast up, published at 
 London, in 1647, and reprinted by Force in his Tracts, vol. iv, and in 
 the Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxiv. 
 
 5 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. n, p. 22. 
 
 9 
 
()Q REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 The people must have been satisfied with the pro- 
 visions of the Body of Liberties ; for Mr. Gray states 
 that almost all its articles are contained, in substance, 
 in every subsequent digest. But they still desired a 
 revision, including all laws and orders of general obli- 
 gation. In March, 1643-4, Gov. Winthrop, Mr. Dud- 
 ley and Mr. Hibbins, were ordered to examine the 
 Body of Liberties, and report to the next court what 
 alterations were needed ; and Mr. Bellingham was 
 requested to finish the work committed to him in 
 1641. 1 On the 7th of June, 1644, Mr. Bellingham 
 delivered to the court, a book containing a collection 
 of the laws, and a committee was appointed to examine 
 it. 2 
 
 At the July session, 1645, three committees were 
 appointed, one for each of the counties except Norfolk, 
 to meet in their several counties and draw up bodies 
 of laws to be presented at the next general court. Mr. 
 Cotton was on the committee for Suffolk, and Mr. 
 Ward on that for Essex. 3 In October, these commit- 
 tees are desired to hold their first sessions on or before 
 the 12th of November, that for Suffolk to meet at 
 Boston, that for Middlesex at Cambridge and that for 
 Essex at Ipswich; and to report to the next court. 4 
 
 The next meeting of the court was May 15, 1646, 
 at which these committees reported, and a new com- 
 mittee was chosen to make a digest of the codes 
 presented by the committees, and of " the abbreviation 
 of the laws in force which Mr. Bellingham took great 
 store of pains and to good purpose," in. Mr. Ward 
 
 1 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. n, p. 61. 
 
 2 Ibid., vol. in, p. 6. 
 
 3 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 109 ; vol. ill, p. 27. 
 
 4 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 128. 
 
THE BODY OF LIBEBTIES. 67 
 
 and Mr. Bellingham were members of this committee, 
 which was ordered to meet at Salem or Ipswich on or 
 before the tenth of August. 1 
 
 We will not follow the history of the laws of Massa- 
 chusetts further, in detail, our object being merely to 
 show the part Mr. Ward took in their compilation. A 
 digest of the laws was printed in 1648 ; 2 another in 
 1660, and a third in 1672. Great search has been 
 made by antiquaries and lawyers for a copy of the 
 first edition, but hitherto without success, as far as we 
 can learn. Copies of the other editions, however, are 
 preserved. 
 
 1 Massachusetts Colony Becords, vol. n, p. 157 ; vol. in, p. 75. 
 
 2 Johnson's Wonder Working Providence, book in, chap, v ; Josselyn's 
 Voyages, p. 265 ; Thomas's History of Printing, vol. i, p. 234. 
 
 Mr. Gray {Massachusetts Historical Collections, xxviii, 196) gives 
 1649 as the date of this edition ; but Johnson, who served on comniit- 
 tees upon the laws, before and after the printing, places it under 1648, 
 as do the other authors above cited. The Massachusetts Colony Becords 
 show that the laws were nearly ready for the press, March 5, 1647 - 8 
 (ii, 239) ; that they were in press, May 10, 1648 (n, 239) ; and that Oct. 
 27, 1648 (n, 262), they were so nearly ready for delivery as to have 
 provision made for their distribution, as appears from the following 
 order : 
 
 " It is ordered by the full Courte that the bookes of lawes, now at 
 the presse, may be sould in quires at three shillings the booke, pro- 
 vided that every member of this Courte shall have one without price, 
 and the auditor generall and Mr. Joseph Hill, for which there shalbe 
 50 in all so disposed by appointment of this Courte." 
 
 A subsequent entry at the same session (n, 263) provides for the in- 
 sertion of a word in all the books before distribution. 
 
68 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Arkival and Settlement of Mr. Ward's Relatives. 
 
 In the summer 1 of 1638, a few months after Mr. 
 Ward's appointment on the committee to frame a body 
 of laws for the colony, his step-brother, Rev. Ezekiel 
 Rogers, 2 arrived in lew England. He had been 
 chaplain to Sir Francis Barrington of Hatfield Broad 
 Oak, in Essex, whose wife was an aunt to Oliver 
 Cromwell; 3 and, after residing five or six years in the 
 family of that baronet, he had received from him the 
 benefice of Rowley, in Yorkshire. His ministry in 
 this parish lasted about twenty years when he was 
 suspended. A few years later, in 1638, he sailed for 
 New England from Hull with some of his Yorkshire 
 people in ships that had been brought for that purpose, 
 through his influence, from London. 4 Before he em- 
 barked he had visited the "South," 5 perhaps London; 
 and he may have been in that city making arrange- 
 ment for the passage of himself and his friends in 
 February and March, 1637-8, when the council of 
 the Somers island, having learned that he intended to 
 emigrate to 'New England, voted to offer him favorable 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed. p. 278 ; 2d ed. p. 335. 
 
 2 Biographical sketches of Rev. Ezekiel Rogers will be found in the 
 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. v, pp. 119-28 ; 
 Gage's Rowley, pp. 55-67 ; Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, 
 vol. I, pp. 120-2; Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xiii ; Brook's 
 Puritans, vol. in, pp. 341-5; and Eliot's and Allen's Biographical 
 Dictionaries, art. Rogers. 
 
 3 See Noble's Protectorate House of Cromwell (1784), vol. n, p. 44. 
 
 4 Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xiii, sects. 2, 3, 7, and 8. 
 6 Historical Magazine, vol. i, p. 148. 
 
ARRIVAL OF RELATIVES. 69 
 
 propositions to settle with his people at the island of 
 Providence. 1 It was about this time that the eight 
 vessels before mentioned 2 were forbidden by the Eng- 
 lish government to sail with their passengers for E~ew 
 England, the order for staying them having been 
 passed March 30, 1638. 3 Two of the gentlemen who 
 are said to have been passengers in these vessels, 
 namely, Sir Matthew Boynton and Sir William Con- 
 stable, are mentioned by Mather as having intended to 
 accompany Mr. Rogers to this country, "if some sin- 
 gular providences had not hindered them." 4 
 
 His company, according to Winthrop, consisted of 
 " some twenty families," 5 and, according to his cousin 
 Nathaniel, of " about two hundred " persons. 6 After 
 his arrival in New England, he was solicited to settle 
 with his people at the new colony of New Haven ; 7 
 but he finally concluded to begin a new settlement 
 adjoining Ipswich, where his relatives, Mr. Ward and 
 Mr. Rogers resided. This plantation was named Row- 
 ley, in honor of his Yorkshire home. 
 
 In 1639, Mr. Ward was joined by his eldest son, John, 
 who had that year resigned his living at Hadleigh. 8 
 It was his wish that his son and Mr Giles Firmin, who 
 had married his daughter, Susan,- should settle in the 
 same place, and, as this was not convenient in Ipswich, 
 he looked around him for a suitable site for a new 
 plantation. He found two promising places on the 
 
 1 Calendar of British State Papers, Colonial Series, vol. i, pp. 263-4. 
 
 2 Ante, p. 46. 
 
 3 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. viii, p. 138. 
 
 4 Mather's Magnolia,} book in, chap, xiii, sect. 8. 
 
 5 Savage's Winthrop, vol. I, 1st ed., p. 294 ; 2d ed., p. 354. 
 
 6 Historical Magazine, vol. i, p. 148. 
 
 7 Mather's Magnolia, and Savage's Winthrop, ubi supra. 
 8 Newconrt's Repertorium, vol. n, p. 291. 
 
70 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 Merrimac river, where the towns of Andover and 
 Haverhill were subsequently located. The first hint of 
 this design that we have, is found in a letter to Gov. 
 Winthrop, December 22, 1639, from which letter we 
 have before quoted. He requests the governor not to 
 promise " nor giue any incouragment concerning any 
 plantation att Quichichacke or Penticutt till my self and 
 some others either speake or write to yow about it, which 
 shalbe done as soone as our counsiljes and contrivalls are 
 ripened." l The plan is more fully stated in the follow- 
 ing letter from Mr. Firm in, written four days later : 
 
 " Much honoured and deare Sir : 
 
 "But that I thinke it needlesse (God havinge more 
 than ordinarye fitted you for such trials) my letter might 
 tell you with what griefe of spirit I received the news 
 of that sad affliction which is lately happened to your 
 worship, by means of that unfaithful wretch ; I hope 
 God will find a shoulder to helpe you beare so great a 
 burthen. But the little time there is allotted me to 
 write I must spend in requesting your worships counsel 
 and favour. My father in law Ward, since his sonne 
 came over, is varey desirous that wee might sett down 
 together, and so that he might leave us. together if God 
 should remove him from hence. Because that it can- 
 not be accomplished in this town, is verey desirous 
 to get mee to remove with him to a new plantation. 
 After much perswasion used, consideringe my want of 
 accommodation here (the ground the town having 
 given mee lying 5 miles from mee or more) and that 
 the games of physick will not finde mee with bread, 
 but, besides, apprehendinge that it might bee a way to 
 free him from some temptations, and make him more 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxxvn, p. 27. 
 
ARRIVAL OF RELATIVES. 71 
 
 cheereful and serviceable to the country or church, 
 have yeelded to him. Herein, as I desire your counsel, 
 so I humbly request your favour, that you would be 
 pleased to give us the liberty e of choosinge a planta- 
 tion : wee thinke it will be at Pentuckett, or Quichich- 
 chek, by Shawshin : So soon as the season will give us 
 leave to goe, wee shall informe your worship which we 
 desire : And if that, by the court of election, we cannot 
 gather a company to beegine it, wee will let it fall. Wee 
 desire you would not graunt any of them to any before 
 wee have seene them. If your worship have heard any 
 relation of the places, wee should remaine thankful to 
 you, if you would bee pleased to counsel us to any of 
 them. Further, I would entreate for advise in this : 
 The towne gave mee the ground (100 acres) upon this 
 condition, that I should stay in the towne 3 yeeres, or 
 else I could not sell it : Now my father supposes it 
 being my first heritage (my father having none in the 
 land) that it is more than they canne doe to hinder 
 mee thus, when as others have no business, but range 
 from place to place, on purpose to live upon the coun- 
 trey. I would entreate your counsel whither or noe I 
 canne sell it. Further : I am strongly sett upon to 
 studye divinitie, my studyes else must be lost : for phy- 
 sick is but a meene helpe. In these cases I humbly 
 referre to your worship, as my father, for your counsel, 
 and so in much haste, with my best services presented 
 to your worship, wishinge you a strong support in your 
 affliction, and a good and comfortable issue, I rest 
 
 " Your worships in what he canne to his power, 
 " Ipswich, 26. 10 th 1639. " Gyles Fykmin. 
 
 " Wee humbly entreate your secrecye in our desires." x 
 
 Hutchinson Papers, pp. 108-9. 
 
72 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 It would seem from another letter from Mr. Firmin 
 to Gov. Winthrop, two months later, February 12, 
 1639 — 40, that the governor's advice was against his 
 removal to a new settlement. We give an extract : 
 
 " For the letter which your worship sent mee and 
 for your vndeserued lone therein manifested, I humbly 
 thanke you. Your counsel], carriinge, reason and your 
 owne experience in it, I cannot sett light by, hauinge 
 beene a means to calme my disquiett thonghtes, and to 
 stoppthem in their hurry e; my Father [in] law still holdes 
 his owne, and would yet haue mee rise from hence. 
 My brother Ward wauers much, but rather declines it, 
 from your arguments, and some others which we find 
 out together ; howsoeuer, if time will giue vs leaue (the 
 Lord willinge) some of vs will veiw Pentuckett in the 
 springe, because euery one that hath seene it giue it 
 such large commendations for a small towne : the way 
 also thither beeing passable for a great pinnace; only 
 my feare is that Passatonnaway liuinge there some- 
 times, hee will hardly bee bought out with a little. 
 My brother Ward hath beene offered the place at 
 Marblehead, when the minister goeth away to Jefferies 
 Creeke who is there. The message was first done to 
 my Father Ward who should have enformed my 
 brother of it, but hee kept it in his owne breast, and 
 did not reueale it, till long after by accident hee heard 
 of it; so that now he fears the opportunity is slipt : 
 diuers enticements hee hath to returne to England, 
 but his wife is vtterlye against it ; and hee is willinge, 
 if hee might but haue any employment, to stay still. 
 If your worship did but put in a word for him, if you 
 thinke the place conueniente for him, your word 
 would doe much ; he did helpe at Rowlye, but because 
 hee was not in couenant, some tooke offence, and hee 
 
ARRIVAL OF RELATIVES. 73 
 
 layed it downe at my vnckles desire, and his church, 
 who else would gladly [haue] enjoyed his helpe." 1 
 
 The visit to Pentucket, promised in this letter, was 
 probably made. At any rate liberty to commence a 
 settlement upon the Merrimac was requested of the 
 general court, at their session May, 1640. The records 
 inform us that, "the desires of Mr. Ward and dew- 
 berry men was committed to the Governor, Deputy 
 Governor and Mr. Winthrop, senior, to consider of 
 Pantucket and Coijchawick, and to grant it them, pro- 
 vided they returne answer within three weekes from 
 the 21st present, and that they build there before the 
 next courte." 2 
 
 Within the time prescribed — probably soon after 
 the grant — a settlement was commenced at Pentucket. 3 
 Neither Mr. Ward nor any person known to be of his 
 family were among the first settlers. 4 He, himself, 
 continued to reside at Ipswich, and so did his son-in- 
 law, Mr. Firmin, but his son, John, had removed to 
 Newbury as early as the following winter; for Mr. 
 Thomas Gorges in a letter written February 23, 1640-1 
 from Agamenticus, in Maine, mentions that a call had 
 been given to "young Mr. Ward, of Newbury," by 
 the people of that settlement. 5 Mr. Ward, Jr., accepted 
 the call; and in proceeding thither lost his way, 
 which adventure Winthrop relates in his Journal, May 
 13, 1641, as follows : 
 
 " Mr. Peter and Mr. Dalton, with one of Acomen- 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxxvn, pp. 274-5. 
 
 2 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. i, p. 290. 
 
 3 Chase's History of Haverhill, Mass., p. 37. 
 
 4 See list in Chase's Haverhill, p. 38. 
 
 5 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxxvn, p. 334. See also 
 Lechford's Plain Dealing, p. 45. 
 
 10 
 
74 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 ticus, went from Piscataquack, with. Mr. John Ward, 
 who was to be entertained there for their minister ; 
 and though it be but six miles, yet they lost their way, 
 and wandered two days and one night without fo od 
 or fire, in the snow and wet. But God heard their 
 prayers, wherein they earnestly pressed him for the 
 honor of his great name, and when they were even 
 quite spent, he brought them to the seaside, near the 
 place they were to go to, blessed forever be his name." * 
 The residence of Rev. John Ward at Agamenticus 
 could not have been long, for Rev. Dr. Felt, under 
 date of 1641, mentions his removal with others from 
 Ipswich to Haverhill." 2 Mr. Chase thinks he removed 
 to the new plantation in the fall of 1641. 3 In 1645, a 
 church was organized there and he was ordained as the 
 minister. 4 The same year the town was incorporated, 
 receiving the name of Haverhill in honor of the Eng- 
 lish town, where his grandfather preached and was 
 buried, and where both he and his father are said to 
 have been born. With this people he remained to ihe 
 close of a long life, dying December 27, 1693. 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. II, 1st ed., p. 29 ; 2d ed., pp. 34-5. 
 
 2 Felt's Ipswich, p. 72. 
 
 3 Chase's Haverhill, p. 40. 
 
 4 Ibid., p. 60 ; Savage's Winthrop, vol. II, 1st ed., p. 252 ; 2d ed., p. 
 309 ; Wonder Working Providence, p. 197. 
 
POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS. 75 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 Political and Religious Affairs. 
 
 Early in the summer after his son went to Agamen- 
 ticus, Rev. Nathaniel Ward preached the election 
 sermon before the general court, which met Wednes- 
 day, June 2, 1641. 1 Winthrop thus speaks of this 
 event : 
 
 " Some of the freemen, without the consent of the 
 magistrates or governour, had chosen Mr. Nathaniel 
 Ward to preach at the court, pretending that it was a 
 part of their liberty. The governour (whose right indeed 
 it is, for till the court be assembled, the freemen are 
 but private persons), would not strive about it; for, 
 though it did not belong to them, yet, if they would 
 have it, there was reason to yield it to them. Yet 
 they had no great reason to choose him, though other- 
 wise very able, seeing he had cast off his pastor's place 
 at Ipswich, and was now no minister by the received 
 determination of our churches. In his sermon, he de- 
 livered many useful things, but in a moral and political 
 
 1 Under the first royal charter of Massachusetts, March 4, 1628-9, 
 the meeting of the court of election was fixed on " the last Wednesday 
 of Easter terme yearely," consequently it was held on the day previous 
 to Ascension day. A list of the days on which the Massachusetts 
 court of election met, from 1629 to 1686, when the government of New 
 England was consolidated under Andros, will he found in the New 
 England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. vn, p. 332. They 
 range from April 29, in 1668, to June 2, in 1641. Under the second 
 charter, the meeting of the general court was changed to the last 
 Wednesday in May. 
 
76 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 discourse, grounding his propositions much upon the 
 old Roman and Grecian governments, which sure is an 
 error ; for if religion and the word of God makes men 
 wiser than their neighbors, and these times have the 
 advantage of all that have gone before us, in experience 
 and observation, it is probable that by all these helps, 
 we may better frame rules of government for ourselves, 
 than to receive others upon the bare authority of the 
 wisdom, justice, etc., of those heathen commonwealths. 
 Among other things, he advised the people to keep all 
 their magistrates in an equal rank, and not give more 
 honor or power to one than to another, which is easier 
 to advise than to prove, seeing it is against the practice 
 of Israel (where some were rulers of thousands, and 
 some but of tens), and of all nations known or recorded. 
 Another advice he gave, that magistrates should not 
 give private advice, and take knowledge of any man's 
 cause, before it came to public hearing. This was 
 debated after, in the general court, where some of the 
 deputies moved to have it ordered. But it was opposed 
 by some of the magistrates." l 
 
 At the December session in 1641, the general court, 
 probably in consideration of his services, granted to 
 Mr. Ward six hundred acres of land, at some place 
 where it would not be detrimental to a plantation. 2 
 Mr. Cotton was granted the same quantity of land at 
 the same time. The farm of Mr. Ward was ordered, 
 in May, 1643, to be laid out near Pentucket or Haver- 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed., pp. 35-6; 2d ed., pp. 42-3. 
 Wintlirop proceeds to give the reasons for opposing the motion. His 
 editor remarks that, " the advice of the preacher was good, notwith- 
 standing the formidable array of arguments against it." 
 
 2 • Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. i, p. 344. 
 
POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS. 77 
 
 hill. 1 This large tract he conveyed to Harvard Col- 
 lege before leaving New England. 2 
 
 On the 12th of June, 1643, Mons. La Tour, who had 
 a fort on the St. John river, arrived on a friendly visit, 
 at Boston, in a ship of 140 tons, with one hundred and 
 forty persons on board. This visit of La Tour was for 
 the purpose of obtaining assistance in reaching his fort, 
 his rival, Mons. D'Aulnay, owner of a fort on the 
 Penobscot, having blockaded the St. John by two ships 
 and a galiot, thereby preventing his entrance. Two 
 meetings were held, at the call of Gov. Winthrop, of 
 such of the magistrates as were at hand, and some of 
 the deputies, who took La Tour's request into consider- 
 ation, but decided that they could not help him with- 
 out the consent of the commissioners of the other 
 colonies. They, however, agreed to permit him to 
 hire any ships that lay in the harbor, provided he could 
 agree with the owners. 3 
 
 1 " Mr. Natha. Ward is granted Ms faroie of 600 acres, as near Pen- 
 tucket, as may conveniently be, to be layd out by Sargent Howlet of 
 Ipswich. Joseph Jewett of Rowley, and Philip Challice of Salsbury." — 
 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. n, p. 38. 
 
 2 The following brief deed is recorded, " 22 (2), 1657," at the Suffolk 
 Registry, lib. 1, fol. 81 : 
 
 " I wholly resigne, grant, sell and make over, all that Farme of 600 
 Acres, giuen niee by the Generall Courte, lying neere Andovir by 
 merimacke, to the College at Cambridge for ever. Der. 10 t]l 1646. 
 
 By mee, Nathaniel Ward. 
 
 Acknowledged, the day & yeare aboue said, before 
 
 John Winthrop, Governor" 
 
 The following extract from the Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. 
 iv, part ii, p. 113, under date of May 27, 1664, shows that this tract was 
 still owned by the college : 
 
 " The Generall Court doe also order the treasurer [of the 
 
 college] to lay out the sixe hundred acres of land had of Mr. Ward, 
 and improve the same, or make sale thereof, as he shall judge best for 
 the colledge bennefit." 
 
 3 Savage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed., pp. 107 - 16 ; 2d ed., pp. 128 - 39 
 
78 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 La Tour, availing himself of this permission, hired 
 four ships and a pinnace, for two months, and sailed 
 with them, July 14, 1643. 1 Some of the colonists 
 feared this action would involve the colony in a war; 
 and the same day that La Tour sailed, three magis- 
 trates residing at Ipswich, with Mr. Ward, and the 
 ministers of Rowley and Ipswich, signed a remon- 
 strance which they had drawn up, against the proceed- 
 ings of the governor and his advisers, and concluding 
 that the remonstrants " are and desire to be heldcleare 
 and innocent of this undertaking." 2 It was not sent 
 in till after the vessels had sailed, and probably not till 
 after those having the matter in charge knew they had 
 sailed. 3 The remonstrance is not in the handwriting 
 of Mr. Ward ; but he may have aided in drawing it 
 up. 4 Palfrey says of it : "To my eye this paper bears 
 unmistakable traces of the pungent pen of Warde." 5 
 Dr. Bond infers that Salton stall was the leader in the 
 protest, " not only from his social and official position, 
 his being the first subscriber, and his known senti- 
 ments, but from his subsequent conduct." 6 Brad- 
 street seems to convey the idea that it was a joint 
 production. 7 The governor wrote an elaborate answer 
 
 lavage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed., p. 127 ; 2d ed., pp. 152-3. 
 ^Hutchinson Papers, p. 119. 
 
 3 Ibid., p. 133. 
 
 4 Tlie remonstrance is printed in full in the HutcMnson Papers, pp. 
 115-19. The signers are, Richard Saltonstall, Simon Bradstreet, 
 Samuel Simonds, Nathaniel Warde, Ezekiel Rogers, Nathaniel Rogers 
 and John Norton. The original document is in the archives of the 
 Massachusetts Historical Society. The chirography looks like that of 
 Mr. Saltonstall, but we are not quite sure that it is his. 
 
 5 Palfrey's History of New England, vol. n, p. 124. 
 
 6 Bond's Genealogies and History of Watertown, p. 920. 
 
 7 Hutchinson Papers, p. 133. 
 
POLITICAL AND BELIGIOUS. 79 
 
 to it, 1 and it was also replied to by Mr. Dudley, father- 
 in-law of one of the signers, and by Rev. John Wilson 
 pastor of the Boston church. 2 
 
 The court held a session in September, but took no 
 action upon this subject; and from the fact that the 
 magistrates of the bay and the deputies of Boston, 
 Charlestown, Cambridge, Roxbury and Dorchester, 
 who appear to have been the persons that recommended 
 the policy which occasioned the protest, were ap- 
 pointed a committee with power to act during a recess 
 of the court in relation to the expedition against Gor- 
 ton, and upon certain Indian matters, 3 we infer that 
 the course adopted by the governor, was approved. 
 
 At the next court of election, May 29, 1644, an 
 Essex man, John Endicott, then deputy governor, 
 was chosen governor instead of Winthrop, who took 
 Endicott's place ; 4 and the deputies, a majority of 
 whom were new members, prepared a bill for a com- 
 mission, consisting of seven magistrates, three deputies 
 and Mr. Ward, " to order all affairs of the common- 
 wealth in the vacancy of the general court." 5 This 
 bill was defeated by the assistants, who claimed, by 
 the patent, the power proposed to be delegated to the 
 commission ; and though the deputies offered to confine 
 the power of the commission to war only, and to admit 
 all the magistrates as members, the assistants would 
 not agree to it. 6 Action was postponed till the next 
 
 1 Gov. Wintlirop's answer is printed in fnll in the Hutchinson 
 Papers, pp. 121 -32. 
 
 2 Savage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed., p. 128 ; 2d ed., p. 154. 
 
 3 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. n, p. 46. 
 
 4 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 66 ; Palfrey's New England, vol. n, p. 156. 
 
 5 Savage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed., p., 167 ; 2d ed., p. 204. 
 
 6 Ibid., 1st ed., p. 168 ; 2d ed., p. 206. 
 
80 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 court, when the opinion of the ministers of the colony 
 being asked, they decided that the court of assistants 
 had the power they claimed. 1 . This bill, according to 
 Winthrop, originated with the Essex people, 2 and Dr. 
 Palfrey, in his History of New England, upon what 
 authority we know not, speaks of the plan of a popular 
 commission, as Mr. Ward's " measure." 3 
 
 In the year 1643, the well known arrest of Mr. Samuel 
 Gorton and his companions took place. They were 
 brought to Boston in October, and after trial, were sen- 
 tenced to be confined in Charlestown and other places 
 during the pleasure of the court : 4 but they were released 
 the next spring. 5 Gorton, in his work called Simplicities 
 Defence against Seven-headed Policy, asserts that, during 
 this confinement, Mr. Ward came to the prison win- 
 dow, and called to Richard Carder, one of their com- 
 pany, who had been a neighbor of his in Essex. " Mr. 
 Ward," says Gorton, " seemed to be much affected, 
 being a man [who] knows how to put himselfe in a 
 passion, [and] desired the said Richard, that if he had 
 done or said anything that he could with good con- 
 science renounce, he desired him to recant it, and he 
 hoped the court would be very merciful ; and saith he, 
 it shall be no disparagement unto you, for here is our 
 Reverend Elder, Mr. Cotton, who ordinarily preacheth 
 that publickly one year, that the next he publickly 
 repents of, and shows himself very sorrowful for it to 
 
 1 Savage's Winthrop, 1st ed., pp. 204-9 ; 2d ed., pp., 250-6 ; Massa- 
 chusetts Colony Records, vol. n, pp. 90 - 6. 
 
 2 Ibid., lsted., p. 167 ; 2d ed., p. 204. 
 
 3 Palfrey's New England, vol. n, p. 409. 
 
 4 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. n, p. 57; Savage's Winthrop, 
 voL-ii, 1st ed., pp. 142-8 ; 2d ed., pp, 171-8. 
 
 5 Savage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed., pp. 148 and 156 ; 2d ed., pp. 
 178 and 188 ; Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. n, p. 62. 
 
POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS. 81 
 
 the Congregation, so that (saith he) it will be no 
 disgrace to yon to recant in such a case." x 
 
 Edward Winslow, who arrived in England early in 
 1647, 2 found Gorton's work, from which we have just 
 quoted in print, 3 and, as a reply to it, wrote his Hypo- 
 crasie Unmasked. In this work Mr. Winslow states 
 that Mr. Ward being in London at the time, " a man 
 well known and reputed," he showed him the book. 
 Mr. Ward, after thanking him for his kindness in 
 drawing his attention to his alleged conversation at 
 the prison window, returned him an answer, which 
 Mr. Winslow prints verbatim as follows : 
 
 " Samuel Gorton having made mee a Margent note 
 in the 53 page of his Booke, I hold my self called 
 
 1 Simplicities Defence, p. 53. 
 
 2 The date of Mr. Winslow's arrival in England, we have not ascer- 
 tained precisely ; but, as lie left New England in the middle of De- 
 cember, 1646, it is safe to suppose he did not complete his voyage 
 before the first of the next month, which, according to our present 
 reckoning, is the beginning of the year, and which, even then, seems 
 to some extent to have been so regarded ; for, the first edition of the 
 Simple Cobler, which appeared in January, 1646 - 7, bears date 1647. 
 This may, it is true, have been a bookseller's trick. Hypocrasie Un- 
 masked, which was probably given to the printer after the Simple 
 Cobler was published, bears date a year earlier, namely, 1646. It is 
 probable that Mr. Winslow put his book to press before the close of 
 the legal year, 1646, which ended March 24, 1646-7, and that the 
 title page was then printed, but that the printing was not completed 
 and the book published till some time after. Thomason, who, though 
 he seems to have taken great pains to be accurate, was, of course 
 liable to error, has minuted upon his copy of Hypocrasie Unmasked, 
 " Oct. 2," 1647, as the date of its publication ; but this could not be the 
 true date, for, New England's Jonas cast up at London, which contains 
 a reply to Hypocrasie Unmasked, bears an earlier date, April 15. 
 Mr. Winslow had arrived in England, and had written his book, or at 
 least a considerable portion of it " not much above two months " after 
 he left New England. 
 
 3 Thomason gives the date of publication of Simplicities Defence, 
 " Nov. 8," 1646. 
 
 11 
 
82 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 to make this answer to it ; I cannot call to minde 
 that ever I knew or spake with such a man as Richard 
 Carder nor that ever I had any speech with any 
 prisoner at a window, nor should I need it in New 
 England, where there is liberty enough given for con- 
 ference with prisoners, in more free aud convenient 
 places. This I remember, that one Robert Potter who 
 went in the same Ship with raee into New England, 
 and expressing by the way so much honesty and god- 
 linesse as gained my good opinion and affection towards 
 him : I hearing that hee was affected with Samuel Gor- 
 ton's blasphemous conceits and carriages, and therefore 
 now imprisoned with him. 1 I went to visit him, and 
 having free speech with him in the open prison yard, 
 who shedding many tears might happily move me to 
 expresse my affection to him which Samuel Gorton 
 calls passion : After some debate about his new opi- 
 nions, I remember I used a speech to him to this effect : 
 That hee should doe well and wisely to make such 
 acknowledgment of his errours as his conscience would 
 permit ; telling him that Mr. Cotton whom he had so 
 much reverenced in Old England and New had given 
 him a godly example in that kinde by a publique ac- 
 knowledgement upon a solemne Fast day, with many 
 teares ; That in the time when errours were so stir- 
 ring, God leaving him for a time, he fell into a spirit- 
 uall slumber; and had it not been for the watch fulnesse 
 of his brethren the Elders, etc., hee might have slept 
 on ; and blessed G-od very cordially for awakening him, 
 and was very thankefull to his Brethren for their 
 
 1 Robert Potter was ordered to be confined at Rowley {Massachusetts 
 Colony Records, vol. n, p. 52) ; but this conversation seems to have 
 been held while the prisoners were at Boston. 
 
CLOSE OF RESIDENCE IN NEW ENGLAND. 83 
 
 watchfulnesse over him and faithfulnesse towards him, 
 wherein he honoured God not a little, and rejoyced the 
 hearts of his hearers; and therefore it would be no 
 shame for him to doe the like. 
 
 " Concerning Mr. Cotton, were I worthy, I would pre- 
 sume to speak that now of him, which I have said 
 more then many times of him elsewhere, That I hold 
 him such an eminent Worthy of Christ, as very few 
 others have attained unto him ; and that I hold my 
 selfe not worthy to wipe his slippers for matters of 
 grace, learning, and industry in the worke of God. 
 
 "For the Author, Samuel Gorton, my self and others 
 farre more judicious, take him to bee a man whose 
 spirit is starke drunke with blasphemies and insolen- 
 cies, a corrupter of the Truth, and a disturber of the 
 Peace where ever hee conies : I intreat him to read 
 Titus 1. 13, with an humble heart, and that is the 
 greatest harm I wish him. 
 
 " K W." l 
 
 CHAPTER Yin. 
 
 Close of Me. Ward's Residence in New England. 
 
 Near the close of the autumn of 1644, Mr. "Ward's 
 son-in-law, Giles Eirmin, parted from his New Eng- 
 land relatives and friends to return to his native country. 
 His family was left behind, probably in charge of Mr. 
 Ward. Mr. Firmin did not sail directly for England, 
 but took passage in a vessel bound for Malaga, which, 
 
 Hypocrasie Unmasked, pp. 76-7. 
 
84 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 with a consort, left Boston on the twenty-third of 
 November. The next month the vessels encountered 
 a severe storm on the coast of Spain and were ship- 
 wrecked near Cadiz. Nineteen persons were drowned, 
 but the rest of the passengers and crews were saved, 
 among them Mr. Firmin, who remained several 
 months in Spain, but had arrived in England before 
 the thirtieth of the following July. 1 
 
 As early as 1645, 2 Mr. Ward commenced writing 
 his Simple Cobbler. This was completed by the autumn 
 of 1646, and sent to England for publication, 3 where 
 it appeared in January, 1646- 7. 4 It was published 
 under the assumed name of Theodore de la Guard, 
 which is merely a slight disguise of his own name 
 Theodore being the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew 
 Nathaniel, and De la, Garde, the French of the English, 
 Ward. 5 In this book he writes : 
 
 " We make it an article of our American creed, 
 which a celebrate Divine of England hath observed 
 upon Heb. 11. 9, That no. man ought to forsake his 
 
 1 A brief memoir of Rev. Giles Firmin, by the writer of this, was 
 printed in the Historical and Genealogical Register for January, 1866, 
 and a few copies were reprinted in pamphlet form for distribution to 
 friends. 
 
 2 " I cannot thinke that materia prima or secunda should be good 
 for me, that am at least, Materia millessima sexcentessima quadrage- 
 sima -quinta." Simple Cooler, 1st and 2d eds., p. 17 ; 3d and 4th eds., 
 p. 18. 
 
 3 We feel confident that the work was sent to England for publica- 
 tion and not carried over by him and published ; as there is not suffi- 
 cient time between the last date that he is known to have been in New 
 England and the date of its publication at London, to have allowed 
 him to make the voyage to England and carry the work through the 
 press. 
 
 4 It was published according to Thomason, January 29. 
 
 5 See Historical Magazine, vol. in, p. 115 ; vol. vin, p. 398 ; and vol. 
 ix, p. 35. 
 
CLOSE OF BESLDENCE IN NEW ENGLAND. 85 
 
 Country, but upon extraordinary cause, and wben that 
 cause ceaseth, he is bound in conscience to return if lie 
 can. We are looking to him who hath our hopes and 
 seasons in his only wise hand." x 
 
 The cause that forced the subject of this memoir 
 from his native land had then ceased. The hierarchal 
 system under which he suffered had yielded to the 
 vigorous assault of the Puritans ; many of its arbitrary 
 laws had been swept away. The oppressor of the 
 Puritan clergy, William Laud, whose severity he, him- 
 self, had felt; who, when he left England was at the 
 height of his influence, a 
 
 * * * 
 
 " mitred king behind the throne," 2 
 
 had since then been stripped of his power, imprisoned 
 and finallv brought to the scaffold. The civil as well as 
 the ecclesiastical government of England had been 
 purified by blood, and Marston Moor, and Naseby, had 
 made the Puritan name formidable. 
 
 The twelve years and upwards which he had spent 
 in Massachusetts had been eventful years to that infant 
 colony also. The stability of its government had been 
 threatened by a violent religious controversy and by 
 a war with the natives, but the danger from both had 
 been averted; learning had been fostered by founding 
 an university and by establishing common schools in 
 most of the towns; printing with its conservative influ- 
 ences had been Introduced ; a code of laws, which now 
 that two centuries have elapsed extorts praise from the 
 jurist, had been framed ; and a confederation with other 
 
 1 Simple Cdbler, 1st ed., p. 23. 
 
 2 Robinson of Leyden by Holmes in the Atlantic Monthly, for July, 
 1859. 
 
86 REV. NATHANIEL' WARD. 
 
 Puritan colonies, for mutual protection, had been 
 effected. Massachusetts had become consolidated, 
 powerful and respected. The experiment of 1634 was 
 a success in 1646. 
 
 In regard to the place where his exile had been spent, 
 Mr. Ward had been singularly favored. The society of 
 the town of Ipswich, while he resided there, was one 
 of the most intellectual and refined in the colony. An 
 unsually large proportion of the people were persons of 
 wealth and education. At one time, out of ten assist- 
 ants — who, with the governor and deputy governor, 
 constituted the highest legislative and judicial body in 
 the colony — no less than four resided at Ipswich. 1 
 
 Nature also had done much for the place. The 
 scenery here is full of beauty, and resembles somewhat 
 that of Mr. Ward's native country. 2 Rev. Elias Nason, 
 author of the Life of Sir Henry Frankland, and other 
 works, thus describes the prospect which presents itself 
 to view from one of its eminences : 
 
 " Ipswich is one of the most beautiful of our sea- 
 board towns. Broken as the surface of it is into hill 
 and dale, upland and meadow ; covered as it is with 
 forest, oatfield, orchard and garden, through which 
 meander the unpretending Ipswich river and its tribu- 
 tary streamlets, this ancient town abounds in most 
 delightful views and prospects. It brings to mind 
 some of the charming rural scenery of Dorsetshire in 
 England, more vividly than any other spot I know. 
 
 1 Bellingham, Saltonstall, Bradstreet and Symonds. 
 
 2 The late William Tudor addressing an English friend, refers to the 
 panoramic view from the steeple of the church at Ipswich, as being one 
 of remarkable extent for this part of the country, and adds : " The pro- 
 spect will put you in mind of the scenery of your own country." — Let- 
 ters on the Eastern States, 1st ed., 1820, p. 267 ; 2d ed., 1821, p. 316. 
 
CLOSE OF RESIDENCE IN NEW ENGLAND. 87 
 
 " Ascend, on some lovely morning in the month of 
 June, that beautiful eminence which they call Town Hill. 
 To the north, your eye stretches far away over the 
 verdant meadows of Rowley and Newbury, catching 
 glimpses of the spires of Newburyport, to the rounded 
 summit of Powow Hill. A little to the right, you see 
 the fantastic and shifting sand knolls of Plum Island, the 
 beaches of Salisbury and Hampton, the solitary peak of 
 Agamenticus, the Isles of Shoals and the dim distant 
 coasts of Maine. On the east, you send your gaze along 
 over the silvery beach of SqUam, and the headlands 
 of Cape Ann, far out into the Atlantic ocean, sparkling 
 in the sunbeams, and dotted with countless sail of 
 fishermen or coasting vessels. Below you, on both 
 sides of the river, lies the quiet village, half sheltered 
 by its towering elm trees ; while farther inland rises a 
 succession of wooded or cultivated hills and knolls, 
 with intervening glades and hamlets, green pastures 
 and blossoming orchards, which terminate picturesquely 
 in the confines of the neighboring towns of Hamilton, 
 Topsfield and Rowley. 
 
 " When my eye first swept over this charming land- 
 scape, the involuntary exclamation of my heart was : 
 < A vision of beauty is an eternal inheritance.' 1 And' so it is ; 
 while the impression made by bolder and sublimer 
 scenes, though deep, is oftentimes but momentary, the 
 remembrance of the calm, quiet loveliness of this old 
 town, will never pass away." 
 
 Though the cause for leaving England had been 
 removed, he was not perfectly satisfied with the condi- 
 tion of the nation at that time, and thought that his 
 presence might be of some service 1 in preserving truth 
 
 1 " Letter to some friends," prefixed to a Sermon before the House 
 of Commons, 1647. 
 
88 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 and promoting peace there. He began, therefore, to 
 make preparations for his return to his native country, 
 where his son-in-law was already residing. He sold his 
 land in Haverhill, November 25, 1646, 1 obtained a 
 certificate from Harvard College for his son, December 
 3, 2 and conveyed to that institution, December 10, the 
 land granted him by the colony. 3 He did not remain 
 here much longer. 4 Mr. Savage thinks he returned to 
 England in company with Edward Winslow, 5 who left 
 about the middle of December. 6 Mr. Pulsifer states 
 that he went before the' sixth of January, 1646- 7. 7 
 He himself, speaks of a "hard winter voyage." 8 He 
 probably took with him his daughter, Susan, and her 
 children, who had been left in New England by her 
 husband, 9 and his son James, above mentioned, a 
 graduate at Harvard College the previous year. The 
 latter was, after his return to England, made a Eellow 
 of Magdalen College in Oxford University. 10 
 
 The testimony which he bears to the morality of 
 the community in which he had lived is worth quoting. 
 He writes: 
 
 " I thank God, I have lived in a Colony of many 
 thousand English, these twelve years, and am held a 
 very sociable man ; yet I may considerately say, I never 
 heard but one oath, nor never saw but one man drunke, 
 
 1 See Appendix IX. 
 
 2 Wood's Athence Oxonienses, vol. n, F., p. 63. 
 
 3 Suffolk Deeds, lib. 1, fol. 81. 
 
 4 The Day Breaking, etc., by Rev. John Eliot, published April, 
 1647, at London, contains a recommendation from him. 
 
 5 Savage's Winthrop, vol. n, 1st ed., p. 167 ; 2d ed., p. 204, note. 
 
 6 Ibid., vol. ii, 1st ed., p. 317 ; 2d ed., p. 387. 
 
 7 Preface to Pulsifer's ed. Simple Cobbler, p. iv. 
 
 8 " Letter to some friends," prefixed to Sermon before the Commons. 
 9 Calamy's Baxter, p. 244. 
 10 Wood's Athenm Oxonienses, vol. n, F., 85. 
 
CLOSE OF RESIDENCE IN NEW ENGLAND. 89 
 
 nor ever heard of three women Adultresses, in all that 
 time that I can call to minde. If these sinnes bee 
 amongst ns privily, the Lord heale us. I would not 
 bee understood to boast of our innocency ; there is no 
 cause I should, our hearts may be bad enough and our 
 lives much better. " 1 
 
 Mr. Ward, however, was not the first writer, who 
 had borne so favorable a testimony, in England, to the 
 morality of the New England people. His old asso- 
 ciate and subsequent opponent. Rev. Hugh Peters, in a 
 sermon preached in 1645 before parliament, the city 
 of London and the Westminster assembly, in address- 
 ing the authorities of London, had used this language : 
 
 " The streets also are swarming with poor, which I 
 refer to the Senators of this City, that it is glorious in 
 many wayes, why should it be so beggarly in the 
 matter of beggars? I leave to your wisdome De modo. 
 Yet let not my request dye. I have lived in a Countrey 
 where in seven years I never saw a beggar, nor heard an 
 oath, nor lookt upon a drunkard: why should there be 
 beggars in your Israel where there is so much work 
 to do? and if this designe were well minded and 
 managed in the City, there would be little place left for 
 such Excentrick motions." 2 
 
 Fifteen years later, in 1660, Peters repeats the state- 
 ment: "In seven years, among thousands there 
 dwelling, I never saw any drunk, nor heard an oath, 
 nor [saw] any begging, nor sabbath broken." 3 
 
 1 The Simple Cobler, 4th ed., p, 65. The first three editions say, "almost 
 these twelve years." 
 
 2 Cod's Doings and Man's Duty, a sermon preached before both 
 Houses of Parliament, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, and 
 the Assembly of Divines, April 2, 1645. By Hugh Peters, Preacher 
 of the Gospel, 1st ed., pp. 45-6. 
 
 3 Case Impartially Communicated, as quoted by Trumbull. For 
 
 12 
 
90 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 The house in which Mr. Ward resided in Ipswich * 
 was standing late enough to he remembered by Cotton 
 Mather, 2 who states that he had seen over the mantle- 
 piece these "three words engraved, Sobrie, Juste, Pie, 
 and a forth added which was Lcete" 3 The same writer 
 furnishes this anecdote of him : Mr. Ward "observing 
 the great hospitality of Mr. Wilson," pastor of the First 
 Church of Boston, " in conjunction with his meta- 
 grammatising temper, said That the anagram of John 
 Wilson was, I pray come in, you aee heartily wel- 
 come." 4 An hundred witty speeches of Mr. Ward's, 
 he also tells us, had been recorded; but, he adds, "he 
 had one Godly Speech that was worth 'em all, which 
 was, I have only Two Comforts to Live upon; the one is 
 the Perfections of Christ ; the other is the Imperfections 
 of all Christians." 5 
 
 other testimony to the same effect, see Trumbull's edition of Lechford, 
 p. 69 ; McClure's Life of Norton, pp. 194-6 : and New England Histo- 
 rical and Genealogical Register, vol. xx, pp. 333-5. 
 
 1 We find no conveyance of a house at Ipswich by Mr. Ward. Per- 
 haps he lived in the house of Giles Firmin, which according to 
 Mr. Hammatt was sold to William Goodhue. See New England His- 
 toriccd and Genealogical Register, vol. iv, p. 11. 
 
 2 Rev. Samuel Peters, LL.D., in his History of Rev. Hugh Peters 
 (pp. 145 - 7), relates an anecdote of Mr. Ward and Dr. Mather ; but as 
 Mr. Ward left New England when the first Dr. Mather was in his 
 eighth year, and died before the second was born, we do not think it 
 advisable to transfer this anecdote nor the accompanying remarks on 
 the character of Mr. Ward, to our pages ; especially as we find no indi_ 
 cations that they are even founded on fact. The anachronisms and 
 other inconsistencies in this anecdote are pointed out in the Cyclojxedia 
 of American Literature, vol. i, p. 195. 
 
 3 Remarkables of Dr. Increase Mather, pp. 186 - 7. 
 
 4 Magncdia, book in, chap, iii, sect. 20. 
 
 5 Remarkables of Dr. Increase Mather, pp. 186 - 7. 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 91 
 
 CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 Mr. Ward's Publications. 
 
 At the time the Simple Cobbler of Agawam was issued, 
 the Presbyterians were at the height of their power in 
 England. They had lately obtained control of parlia- 
 ment, and that body had completed its negotiations* 
 with the Scots for the surrender of -the king into its 
 hands. The very day after the book made its appear- 
 ance at London, that is, on the 30th of January, 1646 - 7, 
 the commissioners of parliament at Newcastle received 
 the king into their custody. The war then seemed 
 virtually at an end; and, to the Presbyterian leaders, 
 the way appeared open for disbanding the present 
 army, in the interest of the Independents, and raising 
 another entirely devoted to their own policy. They 
 looked forward with hope to a not far distant time 
 when their legislation would not be impeded by the 
 fear of hostile pikes, and when they would be able to 
 establish their church discipline in all its vigor, and 
 suppress with an iron hand the sectaries with which 
 the nation abounded. 
 
 Mr. Ward must have arrived at London soon after 
 his book issued, from the press, or possibly before it 
 was published. If he was a fellow passenger with 
 Edward Winslow, as is probable, he coul<l not have 
 landed in England later than the closeof February. 1 
 The Westminster assembly of divines was then per- 
 
 1 See foot-note 2 on page 81. 
 
92 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 fecting its labors on its famous confession of faith. 
 Of this assembly, his only surviving brother, Rev. 
 John Ward of Ipswich, was a member, 1 a regular 
 attendant on its sessions, and of sufficient standing in 
 his profession to have been chosen, on different occa- 
 sions, to preach before each house of parliament. Mr. 
 "Ward would therefore have little difficulty in making 
 the acquaintance of such of the guiding spirits of the 
 nation, then congregated at the metropolis, as had not 
 been acquainted with him before his departure from 
 •his native land, or had knowledge of him from his 
 sufferings under the prelates, or from his lately pub- 
 lished book. The clergy and the wealthy citizens of 
 London, and the Presbyterian leaders of parliament, 
 no doubt, received him as a welcome ally, even though 
 he may not entirely have agreed with them in senti- 
 ment. His book is mainly on their side. In it, 
 assuming the character of a cobbler who had exiled 
 himself to the new world, and who in safety, but not 
 without strong interest, now looked upon the political 
 and religious storms which were sweeping over his 
 native country, he utters his quaint reflections and 
 pungent satire on the times. Little attempt is made 
 to maintain the character assumed, except by a free 
 use of homely illustrations. The legal knowledge of 
 
 1 Possibly Rev. Nathaniel Ward may have been the writer of — and 
 his brother John the member of the Westminster assembly who 
 received — a letter from New England, dated December 8, 1645, npon 
 church discipline, an extract from which is printed in Qangrcma, part 
 ii, p. 166, and is copied into the Historic"! and Genealogical Register, vol. 
 xx, pp. 211 - 12. Its style and sentiments resemble in some particulars 
 those of Rev. Nathaniel Ward, and though the time of Mr. Ward's 
 residence in New England does not agree with that here given, yet 
 he may be the author of the letter. It comes nearer to it, however, 
 than the residence of Hugh Peters does to Peters's own statement. 
 That divine was here less than six years, and in no less than four of 
 his works he speaks of his residence as " seven years." 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 93 
 
 the author and his wealth of classical and theological 
 learning are freely poured forth for the instruction of 
 the reader. 
 
 The army and the Independents were then pressing 
 their demands upon parliament for a legal recognition 
 of toleration, 1 and the most ultra among them had 
 openly expressed sentiments in favor of a republic. Mr. 
 Ward was opposed to both. In religion he desired 
 unity and a legal power to enforce it. In national 
 affairs he would have the ancient constitution — a 
 government by king, lords and commons — and a 
 proper subjection of the military to the civil authorities. 
 In the Simple Cobbler, he dwells upon the evils of poly- 
 piety, as he terms it, and urges that the spread of heresy 
 should be checked by statutory acts. He advocates a 
 speedy settlement of the difficulties between the king 
 and parliament, so that the ancient form of govern- 
 ment, but purged of its corruptions, ma} 7 be restored ; 
 and appeals particularly to the king to make conces- 
 sions. He shows an evident leaning towards Presby- 
 rianism, though he disavows the name. 2 A digression 
 
 1 Before June 12, 1646, a major in the army had explicitly told a 
 minister of London, " that they were not so much against Presbyteriall 
 Government (though many thought them so) as against being tied to 
 any Government at all ; for if the Parliament would set up the In- 
 dependent Government, and injoyne that upon them, they should be 
 as much against that as against Presbyteriall Government. They held 
 liberty of Conscience, that no man should be bound, or tyed to any- 
 thing, but every man left free to hold what they pleased ; that was 
 the judgement and true genius of that sort of men in the Army, called 
 Independents, that in all matters of Religion no man should be bound, 
 but every man left to follow his own Conscience." — Edicards's Gan- 
 grama, part in, p. 175. 
 
 Though this may have received a tinge from the Presbyterian 
 medium through which it has been transmitted to us, we obtain from 
 it some insight into the feelings of the more advanced Independents 
 in the army. 
 
 2 Simple Cobler, 1st 2d and 3d eds., p. 35 ; 4th ed., p. 37. 
 
94 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 is made, early in the book, to attack the fashions in 
 dress then prevalent among the women of England. 
 
 Mr. Ward seems to aim at being a mediator; but 
 his decided partisan bias and his blunt manner of 
 expressing his opinions, are out of place in such a 
 character. The work, however, was evidently popular, 
 for it passed through four editions before the close of the 
 year. 1 The author took great care in the revision of 
 the various editions, all of which contain emendations 
 and additions. Though the book was published anony- 
 mously, Mr. Ward probably made no secret of the 
 authorship; at least it seems to have been known at 
 an early day, for a memorandum by Mr. George 
 Thomason on the title page of an anonymous pamphlet, 
 in the Civil War Tracts collected by him, which pamphlet 
 was written by Mr. Ward, and published in the spring 
 of 1650, is that it was by " Mr. Ward, y e Cobler of 
 Aguaume/' 2 A similar memorandum is found on 
 another pamphlet, published in May, 1648, 3 less than 
 sixteen months after the Simple Cobler was first issued. 
 
 We will here introduce a few couplets that will 
 answer a double purpose : they will present some of 
 the author's political maxims ; and they will show his 
 rhythmical skill in a more favorable light than the 
 verses, written later in life, which we shall hereafter 
 have occasion to print. 
 
 1. 
 
 They seldome lose the field but often win. 
 That end their wars, before their wars begin. 
 
 1 A copy of the title page of the first edition, and the variations of 
 the other editions, with bibliographical minutes, will be found in Ap- 
 pendix X. 
 
 2 See Notes and Queries, 3d series, xi, '237, March 23, 1867. 
 
 3 See Appendix X. 
 
P TJBLIGA TIONS. 9 5 
 
 Their Cause is often worst, that first begin, 
 And they may lose the field, the field that win. 
 
 3. 
 
 In Civill wars, 'twixt Subjects and their King, 
 There is no conquest got, by conquering. 
 
 4. 
 
 War ill begun, the onely way to mend, 
 Is to end the War before the war doe end. 
 
 5. 
 They that will end ill wars, must have the skill 
 To make an end by Rule, and not by Will. 
 
 6. 
 
 In ending wars 'tween Subjects and their Kings, 
 Great things are sav'd, by losing little things. * 
 
 Parliament seemed then to hold the destinies of 
 the nation at its disposal. A few months passed 
 away, and the condition of affairs was materially 
 changed. The measures taken by the Presbyterian 
 leaders for perpetuating the ascendancy of parliament 
 and their own rule, resulted in awakening the fears, 
 and strengthening the power of the army. At this 
 crisis, Mr. Ward was called upon to preach before the 
 house of commons. The sermon was delivered at a 
 monthly fast, Wednesday, June 30, 1647. It was a 
 day of uncertainty and peril to those who agreed with 
 him in opinion, upon the state of the nation. Less 
 than four weeks before Charles I had been taken by 
 Cornet Joyce from the hands of the commissioners of 
 parliament, and conducted to the army ; and only a 
 
 1 Simple Gobler, 1st ed., pp. 43 - 4. 
 
96 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 fortnight had elapsed since that army had laid, before 
 the commons, its charge of treason against the eleven 
 members, after drawing nearer to London in defiance 
 of the commands of parliament. The sermon, we 
 presume, was preached in St. Margaret's Church, 
 Westminster, where sermons before parliament were 
 usually delivered. 
 
 The preacher, considering that vigorous action was 
 then necessary to restore the lost supremacy, endea- 
 vored to rouse parliament to the assertion of its rights 
 as the representative of the nation. He took for his 
 text the 14th verse of the 19th chapter of Ezekiel : 
 " And fire is gone out of a rod of her branches, which 
 hath devoured her fruit, so that she hath no strong rod 
 to be a sceptre to rule. This is a lamentation, and 
 shall be for a lamentation." He dwelt upon the neces- 
 sity of authority in a state, and showed how the wel- 
 fare and happiness of a people suffered if it were 
 destroyed, citing examples from classical, scripture and 
 modern history. He applied the text to the condition 
 of England at that time with unsparing severity. The 
 condition of the king, of the parliament, of the form 
 of government, of the administration of justice, of the 
 army and of the people seemed to him proper subjects 
 for lamentation. The conduct of the army, he cen- 
 sured severely. He thought parliament was deserving 
 of blame for not having taken more effectual means 
 for the restoration of the king, and advised an appeal 
 to the people by an order for the election of a new 
 parliament. 
 
 The sermon gave such dissatisfaction that the house 
 did not order it printed. Dr. Grey states that, " they 
 did not present him with a piece of Plate, as usual, 
 nor desire him to print his Sermon, or return 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 97 
 
 him thanks for the great Pains he took, according to 
 Custom : a Favour " he continues " that I am confident 
 was scarce ever refused to any one before, in the Com- 
 pass of Seven Years." 1 The course taken by the 
 house was probably owing more to a desire to conci- 
 liate the army, than to dissatisfaction with what was 
 said of its own body ; though some of the views ex- 
 pressed — the recommendation of a dissolution of 
 parliament for instance — would not be likely to please 
 the preacher's friends there. The unanimity of senti- 
 ment in the army and the boldness of its leaders 
 dictated prudence to the more moderate at least of the 
 Presbyterians in parliament. No wonder if, under 
 such circumstances, the house of commons hesitated, 
 even though they knew that their conduct would seem, 
 to their more ardent followers, weak and vacillating. 
 
 Mr. Ward states that the portions of his sermon 
 that he had heard spoken of as giving displeasure, 
 were, first, his speaking in favor of the king; second, 
 his censure of the army; and, lastly, an odd expression 
 that caused some of his hearers to smile. 2 The ser- 
 mon was printed, however, but professedly without the 
 author's knowledge or consent, 3 from a copy which he 
 had sent to some of his friends for examination. The 
 letter which accompanied it is prefixed to the printed 
 copy of the sermon. From this we quote some pas- 
 sages for the insight which they give into his character 
 and life : 
 
 " To satisfie your expectations, I am willing to send 
 you a true coppy of my Sermon as I wrote it, but I 
 
 1 Grey's Examination of Weal's Second Volume, p. 434. 
 
 2 " A Letter to some Friends," prefixed to Sermon, June 30, 1647. 
 
 3 " Tke Bookseller to the Reader," prefixed to same Sermon. 
 
 1Q 
 O 
 
98 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 confesse in some things a little different from my 
 preaching it : wanting time and rest, having travelled 
 much a little hefore the day, and striving to speake 
 loud in so great a Church : I soon discerned, that I 
 could not be master of my thoughts and memory : but 
 forgat some things materiall and expressed two or 
 three passages inconveniently which sounded ill in 
 mine owne eares. I was very loth to read my notes 
 more then some scriptures ; had I done it, I presume I 
 had not offended any; but my judgement is altogether 
 against it." * * * 
 
 " Some of you know how truely unwilling I was to 
 come upon any publique Stage, knowing how perillous 
 and jealous the times are, and how seriously I declined 
 this text, suspecting the very words of it would be un- 
 gratefull to some. I consulted with seven intimate 
 friends about it, and another much cooler and peace- 
 able, whereto my owne minde led mee, as they can 
 beare mee witnesse, six of them urged mee to this, yet 
 my heart did constantly discourage me from it, though 
 upon many thoughts, I could not conceive any subject 
 so necessary as to perswade the restauration and conser- 
 vation of our lost authority, in a time when Govern- 
 ment has fallen so low, and mens Spirits risen so high : 
 that if it be not suddenly looked into, no humane eye 
 can see any helpe or hope how it can be scrued up 
 againe to its due altitude, unlesse it be by him who can 
 doe what he please. 
 
 " I trust I shal not be grieved that I was not thanked 
 or ordered to print, I am not only above, but averse to 
 both. I have had more thankes than I can tell what 
 to doe with, and many justifle me I feare too much, 
 and more importunity to print then I have or shall 
 listen unto, for I see the nakednesse of it well enough. 
 
P UBLICA TIONS. . 99 
 
 This I acknowledge grieves mee sadly that oomming 
 a hard Winter voyage over the vast raging Seas to doe 
 what service I could to nay Country, in preserving 
 Truth and promoting Peace, I am obstructed so far as 
 I am. I am not ignorant that there are some troubled 
 at my being here, and watching an opportunity to 
 weaken me and my worke, which I have attended 
 faithfully, meekly, and not without some successe, but 
 I am not altogether discouraged. I hope I shall make 
 and keep my peace with the Lord as for men I hope 
 not for it, till bee shall vouchsafe to give us more 
 humility and feare then I can yet see in this Land, 
 which two graces seeme to me to bee much more want- 
 ing then they ever were in my dayes." 
 
 Mr. Ward must have commenced writing the next 
 work that is known to be by him soon after the delivery 
 of his sermon, if it had not already been begun ; for 
 it was composed and carried through the press in sea- 
 son to be issued on the twenty-seventh of the following 
 August. 1 It was entitled, "A Religious Retreat 
 
 1 This is the clay of publication given by Mr. George Thornason, who 
 niade at the time a collection of more than two thousand books and 
 pamphlets printed from 1640 to the restoration. Mr. Thornason gives, 
 as a preface of the first volume of his tracts, an account of the collec- 
 tion and his reasons for making it, in which this sentence occurs : 
 
 " The method that hath been observed throughout is Tyme, and 
 such Exact Care hath been taken that the very date is written upon 
 most of them that they came out." 
 
 It is evident from the last clause that the manuscript dates are in- 
 tended for the days of publication, and not as some have supposed the 
 days that Mr. Thornason obtained his copies. Undoubtedly he made 
 some mistakes. When no dates are given, as is frequently the case, we 
 presume that the collector was unable to ascertain the days of publica- 
 tion. He certainly knew the days on which he obtained them. 
 
 Hon. James Savage, author of the Genealogical Dictionary of New 
 England, has published in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, 
 vol. xxvni, pp. 284-95, some bibliographic notes derived from this 
 
100 BEY. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 Sounded to a Religious Army, by One that desires to 
 be faithful to his Country though unworthy to be named.' 1 1 
 In this work an appeal is made to the army to 
 consider the state of the country and to regard 
 parliament and not themselves as supreme. They are 
 urged to think what a burden so large an army is to 
 the state and the people. After serving the state, they 
 should, they are told, have laid down their arms, to he 
 disposed of by the piety and prudence of the parlia- 
 ment, by which course they would have covered them- 
 selves with perpetual praise. The author contends 
 that only such a competent army of select forces 
 should be retained as the wisdom of the state should 
 deem meet for the public safety, and that these forces 
 should be so ordered and quartered that they should 
 neither be a terror nor a burden to the country. He 
 beseeches the army, whatever else they intend, to leave 
 the people a free parliament, otherwise they rend the 
 state up by the roots. They must not think because 
 they have conquered they are to govern. He appeals 
 to history to prove that no nation ever prospered that 
 was at the mercy of a large army. His views are 
 enforced by quaint, ingenious and powerful arguments. 
 
 collection upon the rare works relative to New England there fonnd ; 
 to which he has prefixed an historical and descriptive notice of the 
 collection itself. For the dates of publication of Simplicities Defence 
 the Simple Gobler, Hypocrasie Unmasked and New England's Jonas, 
 we are indebted to Mr. Savage's notes. The other written dates from 
 these tracts have been furnished us by Joseph L. Chester, Esq., whose 
 valuable assistance relative to the kindred of Mr. Ward we have before 
 acknowledged. 
 
 The collection is now in the British Museum. As it formerly 
 belonged to George III, the works in it are sometimes referred to as in 
 the King's Collection, or as among the King's Pamphlets. 
 
 1 The full title of this work will be found in Appendix X. 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 101 
 
 But the conduct of parliament towards the army had 
 not been such as to inspire confidence in its intentions; 
 and no arguments nor eloquence would have been able 
 to induce it to follow Mr. Ward's advice which would 
 place it entirely in the power of those whose hostility 
 had not been concealed. His appeals fell upon the 
 public ear, also, during the excitement that followed 
 the submission of the city and parliament to the army, 
 and the trumphant entry of Fairfax into London with 
 the speakers and members of the two houses, who had 
 sought protection in the army from a metropolitan 
 mob. 
 
 The Rev. Hugh Peters, who is ranked among the 
 Independents, and who supported the cause of the army, 
 soon after issued a tract entitled : A Word for the 
 Armie and two words to the Kingdome, To Clear e the 
 One and Cure the other, 1 in which he replied to his 
 old New England acquaintance. An answer to this 
 appeared, November 9, 1647, 2 under the title : A 
 Word to Mr. Peters and Two Words for the Parlia- 
 ment and, kingdom. It professes to be "By a Friend 
 to the Parliament, City and Ministery of it." Rev. 
 Joseph B. Felt, LL.D., who in 1834 3 supposed this to 
 be by Mr. Ward, in 1851 4 and again in 1855 5 assigns 
 it to him without qualification. It was not issued by 
 the publisher of Mr. Ward's previous works ; and if it 
 was written by him he evidently wished its authorship 
 to be concealed from the public, otherwise he would 
 
 1 The full title of this work will be found in Appendix X. 
 
 2 Mr. Thomason's written memorandum. See Appendix X for full 
 title of this work. 
 
 3 History of Ipsicich, Mass., p. 218. 
 
 4 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. v, p. 286. 
 
 5 Ecclesiastical History of New England, vol. i, p. 599. 
 
102 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 not have bestowed his praise so liberally upon the 
 author of the Religious Retreat 1 and quoted his ser- 
 mon so often. 2 It is evident, if he was not the author, 
 that he furnished some of the facts. 
 
 Mr. Peters, in his pamphlet, calls the author of the 
 Religious Retreat a " Pedantick." 3 To this, the writer 
 of A Word to Mr. Peters, replies and inquires why he 
 calls him a pedantic ; if it be because the author of the 
 Retreat is obliged by his poverty to go on foot, while 
 Mr. Peters can, " in pomp," ride on horseback.* This 
 pun is something in the style of Mr. Ward. On the 
 whole, we are inclined to believe him to be the author. 
 
 The following spring, a new work by Mr. Ward ap- 
 peared. The Presbyterians who had been overawed by 
 the army, had again obtained the ascendancy in parlia- 
 ment ; and felt confidence enough in their power to 
 enact a stringent ordinance against what they termed 
 heresy and blasphemy. This ordinance had passed 
 through some of its stages in 1646, but from policy had 
 been suffered to sleep through the late brief period of 
 Presbyterian rule ; and not till the second of May, 1648, 
 was the ordinance passed into a law. 5 The beneficed 
 clergy at that time were nearly all Presbyterians and 
 their form of church government had for two years 
 been established by law, 6 but the ordinance having 
 been passed when the Independents had great influence 
 
 1 A Word to Mr. Peters, pp. 8 and 26. 
 
 2 Ibid., pp. 5, 15, 27. 
 
 3 A Worde to the Armie, p. 4. 
 
 4 A Word to Mr. Peters, p. 7. 
 
 5 Godwin's History of the Commonwealth, vol. n, pp. 254 and 520 ; 
 Neal's Puritans, vol. in, pp. 484 - 6. 
 
 6 Hallam's Constitutional History of England, chap, x (ed., New 
 York, 1851), , p. 348; Godwin's History of the Commonwealth, vol. ir, 
 pp. 236-40 ; Neal's Puritans, vol. in, pp. 298-300. 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 103 
 
 in the Commons, some of its provisions were not agree- 
 able to the advocates of Presbyterianism. The pre- 
 scribed " discipline was never carried into effect, 
 except to a certain extent in London and Lancashire." 1 
 The synod of London, " with due Prolocutor or Mode- 
 rator," did not meet till May 20, 1647. 2 As at that 
 date, Mr. Ward must have been in England, it is not 
 improbable that he may have witnessed its proceedings. 
 Mr. Ward's book was issued May 5, 1648, during 
 the flood tide of Presbyterian success. It professed to 
 be Petitions to Parliament from "Freeholders of the East- 
 erne association." 3 The title was probably suggested 
 by the petitions got up that spring in Essex and other 
 counties. 4 In this tract is presented, in a clear manner, 
 the distracted state of the country, the dissensions of 
 the people, the low state of religion, the insupportable 
 oppression of an imperious soldiery, and the tardy 
 action of an undispatching parliament. The author 
 urges parliament to support religion and warns it 
 against allowing the king to be disposed or the succes- 
 sion to the throne to be changed. He urges, through- 
 out the book, vigorous but conciliatory action. Many 
 of the views presented here are the same as those 
 found in the Religious Retreat ; but being addressed to 
 
 Dallam's Constitutional History, p. 349; Neal's Puritans, vol. in, 
 pp.336, 481-3. 
 
 a Carlyle's Cromwell (New York, 1845), vol. I, p. 210. 
 
 3 See title in Appendix X. 
 
 The " Eastern Association," otherwise called the " Seven Associated 
 Counties," according to Carlvle, who gives some interesting details 
 relative to it in part n, of his Letters of Cromwell (vol. i, pp. 126 and 
 134), then comprised the counties of Lincoln, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex., 
 Cambridge, Hertford and Huntingdon. 
 
 4 See Ludlow's Memoirs (Vivay, 1698), vol. I, pp. 243 - 4 ; Godwin's 
 History of the Commonwealth, vol. n, pp. 526-30. 
 
104 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 a different, and in some respects antagonistic body 
 and at another crisis, they are necessarily brought 
 forward in a different form. In doing this, consider- 
 able tact and literary skill are shown. 
 
 The day before the Petitions were published, 1 a 
 pamphlet appeared under the title of the Pulpit Incendi- 
 ary, which Dr. Felt supposes to be by him. 2 The latter 
 "work, though favoring the Presbyterian cause, con- 
 demns the severe language used by Rev. Mr. Calamy 
 and other ministers of that persuasion towards the 
 army. 
 
 In the autumn of the same year, November 9, 1648, 
 another work attributed to him made its appearance 
 at London, namely : Mercurius Anti-mechanicus or the 
 Simple Cobler's Boy with his lajpful of Caveats or Take- 
 heeds? The object of this work appears to have been 
 to stem a growing opposition — at least, indifference — 
 in his day, to a learned ministry ; and to combat by 
 ridicule the idea that ministers ought to earn their 
 living by secular employment, or, as it is here expressed, 
 that " a Preacher must not make a living of the Word 
 of life, but is bound in conscience to drive a trade 
 besides teaching for his maintenance." 4 The author 
 gives preachers engaged in various avocations, advice 
 drawn from their several callings, much after the 
 manner in which Cotton Mather was wont to draw 
 religious instruction from trivial events in his own 
 life. 
 
 1 Thomason's manuscript date is " May 4." See Appendix X. 
 
 2 Ecclesiastical History of New England, vol. i, p. 599. 
 
 3 See full title in Appendix X. 
 
 4 " Epistle Dedicatory " prefixed to the work. It is addressed, " To 
 his cunning and much more honest Parent, the Simple Cobler," and 
 signed " Theodore de la Gruarden, or Sim. Cob. Junior." 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 105 
 
 In this work, an excuse is made for what in the 
 Simple Gobbler are called " new quoddled words." 1 
 " The truth is," the writer says, "I have been so much 
 habituated and half-natured into these Latins and Greeks, 
 ere I was aware, that I neither e&nexpell them, nor spell 
 my own mother-tongue after my old fashion." 2 This is no 
 doubt true of Mr. Ward, whether he wrote the excuse 
 or not. His "new quoddled words" seem to have 
 flowed as freely from his pen, as, in our own day, those 
 of Carlyle do from his. 
 
 In this trifling satire, the author takes occasion to 
 speak a few words in favor of the king. " I heartily 
 wish and pray," he says, " that my selfe and England 
 may live to see our Soveraigne the Lord's annointed, and 
 to behold mine head's Head adorned with a naturall 
 silver Crown, and that with an artificiall golden Croivne, 
 and that both of them may be found in the wag of right- 
 eousnesse, that so an immarcessible Crown of glorg may 
 be hereafter his portion. These are the three Crownes 
 which many talke, but few think of. In the meane sea- 
 son let eveiy loyall heart pray for the Royal Head (which 
 is bnt a charitable allegiance) and for the body representa- 
 tive and the universall Politic For my particular, I 
 doubt not but his Majesty hath tears in God's bottle of his 
 owne and others, and that God hath a Book for him, 
 written in Characters of the .same, and my petition and 
 repetition shall be (that the Al-sufficient would be gra- 
 ciously pleased, gloriously to super-intend in his Majes- 
 ties & his Honourable Senates Minds and Wils, and 
 become the God of our King, and the King of our Gods. 
 If any quarrell with me for praying for the King and 
 
 1 Simple Cobler, 1st ed., p. 76 ; 2d and 3d eds., p. 77 ; 4th ed.,p. 86. 
 
 2 Epistle Dedicatory to Mercurius Anti-mechanicus. 
 
 14 
 
106 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 those in Authority (though the Motto supreame will apolo- 
 gize for mine integrity, Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense) let 
 them well animadvert that the King of heaven accounts 
 it no disloyal tie to pray for our very enemies." 1 
 
 Some of our literary acquaintances, whose critical 
 sagacity we respect, have formed from internal evi- 
 dence the opinion that this work is not the production 
 of Mr. "Ward, and one of them is firmly convinced 
 that it was not written by him. There is really some 
 doubt on the subject. The earliest authority that we 
 have met with in support of his being the author, is 
 the article printed in 1809, in the Monthly Anthology. 
 But the writer of that article, Joseph G. Cogswell, 
 LL.D., does not now remember his authority, 2 which 
 is not surprising, considering that the article was 
 written nearly sixty years ago. A careful examina- 
 tion of the book inclines us to the opinion that Dr. 
 Cogswell's statement is correct, and that the style and 
 sentiments are those of Mr. Ward. When we 
 first read the book, however, though we had never 
 heard the authorship of the book questioned, the style 
 of some passages struck us as being unlike his, and 
 serious doubts arose as to his being; the author. 
 
 1 Mercurius Anti-meclianicus, p. 50. 
 
 2 Tlie following is extracted from a letter from Dr. Cogswell, dated, 
 " Cambridge,- April 13, '67 : " " The most I now remember about the 
 article in question, is that I was obliged to commit it in an unfinished 
 state to my friend Mr. A. H. Everett, for publication, in consequence of the 
 ship in which I was about to sail, leaving earlier than was anticipated. 
 The only considerable libraries I had access to, were those of Cambridge, 
 the Boston Athenaeum and the Massachusetts Historical Society. I 
 also made a hasty search among the Ipswich town records and found 
 
 little aid from them I remember distinctly that I found great 
 
 difficulty in finding authentic materials for the notice of the Simple 
 Cotter." 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 107 
 
 Though Mr. Ward advocates, in his books, the 
 restoration of the royal authority, he speaks freely, 
 and not in a very eourtierlike manner, of the faults of 
 Charles I, and evidently was in .favor of placing 
 restrictions upon the regal power, to secure the rights 
 of parliament and the liberties of the people. He was 
 as far removed in his opinions from the Cavaliers as 
 he was from the Republicans and Independents. His 
 position may be shown by a few extracts from the 
 Petitions to Parliament: "Concerning civil dissentions 
 we shall only mention three or four whereof the prime 
 and most irreconcilable is between our King and Par- 
 liament, and that about the negative voice and militia. 
 As we are sadly grieved, that his Majesty is so inexor- 
 able on these two points of state, which under favor, 
 we apprehend God never did, nor in his wisdom and 
 discretion ever can commit to any one man whatso- 
 ever, in his lapsd estate, nor that any King on earth 
 that is truly and humbly wise dare desire to keep in 
 his sole custody the Key of the being and wel -being of 
 a whole nation, nor that any nation which have the 
 principles of men will ever betrust their lives, liberties 
 and lawes and estates to the prudence and fidelity of any- 
 one mortal man whomsoever if they may avoid it. 
 So on the other side we are not a little troubled that a 
 Parliament of learned and experienced Patriots cannot 
 in so long a time contrive such an intermediate way, 
 by mutuall select councels, right partitions, due pro- 
 portions, rational distinctions, divine lots, valuable 
 hostages, by altering or abating the oath of Coronation 
 or some other safe Cautionaries so provide for the 
 dignity of Majesty, and safety of subjects that no 
 perfidious or pernicious mischiefs may accrue to one 
 or the other. 
 
108 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 " The difference is grown so high, that if we may 
 believe printed and licensed papers or common reports, 
 there are purposes if not preparations, to depose his 
 Majesty from his Rule. An act too transcendant for 
 us to interpose our shallow thoughts, yet of such con- 
 cernment to the State that we dare not but be bold to 
 present these our earnest Petitions to this honourable 
 assembly, that if possible some mercifull and moderate 
 mean may be mediated, rather than such an earth- 
 quake made in three Kingclomes, with all the Allies 
 and Confederates as may too probably subvert the 
 foundations of our lives and beings, by awakening 
 endless war upon our British Scenes." 
 
 He prays that whatever may be done in regard to 
 the king maybe done "to a Nation all and we could 
 hope to a universall satisfaction." If certain accusa- 
 tions against the King, " cannot be apparently proved 
 but vehemently suspected, we humbly conceive it is 
 the duty of a state to lay him solemnly in such kind 
 of Lavender as grows in the 27 of Deuteronomy where 
 assuredly God will find him, in his wisest season and 
 likewise fully discharge the state; it is an ordinance 
 instituted by God for close nefarious sinners and ought 
 to be observed in all religious governments." 
 
 If the evidence is " meridian," and " if all the subjects 
 in the three Kingdoms should cry Vivat Rex never so 
 loud; we are resolved for our parts to say Amen so 
 softly as neither God nor men shall hear us." 
 
 He is against cutting off all the branches of royalty 
 from inheriting the throne in case the king is not 
 readmitted to his throne. 
 
 "It is further whispered," he says, "that there are 
 consultations about altering the frame or form of 
 government, if so we trust your honours will precon- 
 
PUBLICATIONS. 109 
 
 sider what a perplexed task it may prove for this 
 kickish Island governed by Royalty, ever since it was 
 an inhabited piece of earth, for aught we know, now 
 to suffer another kind of rule to back it; we sadly fear 
 it will try how the new riders will set a saddle through 
 it break all its girths, yea its own neck. We profess 
 for our parts we are of the birds or fowls minds who 
 when they consulted about a King, would rather choose 
 to be ruled by an Eagle, though he had the wings of a 
 fly, than by a councel of any other fowls, armed with 
 Eagle's tallons." 
 
 The only tract that we have seen attributed to Mr. 
 Ward which was published after the execution of the 
 king, was issued in the spring of 1650 and entitled, 
 Discolliminium, or A most obedient Reply to a late Book 
 called Bounds and Bonds, So Jarre as concerns the first 
 Demurrer and no further. 1 The editor of Notes and 
 Queries says of this work that it " has all the raciness 
 and good sense " of the author ; and he extracts some 
 observations on the doctrine of divine providence as 
 a proof of this opinion. 2 The latest production of 
 Mr. Ward that we have heard of, is the poem prefixed 
 to Mrs. Bradstreet's volume published later in the same 
 year, which poem will be given in the next chapter. 
 
 Mr. Ward's mind seems to have been more of a 
 conservative than a progressive cast. He venerated 
 the old, and was wary of the new. Though favoring 
 many of the reforms of that day, and even laboring 
 and suffering in their behalf, it was because he con- 
 sidered the work in which he was engaged, to be one 
 
 1 See Appendix X. Our first information of this book was received 
 from Rev. T. W. Davids of Colchester. 
 
 2 Notes and Queries, March 23, 1867, 3d series, xi, 237-8. 
 
HO REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 of restoration rather than of innovation . He supported 
 the action of parliament in taking arms against the 
 king, for he believed they had no alternative if they 
 intended to preserve their ancient rights. He had been 
 a nonconformist before he exiled himself to the new 
 world, and he still held his opinions upon the ceremo- 
 nies ; but these observances were rejected, because he 
 considered them to be agaiust the word of God as 
 interpreted by scholars and divines. He did not 
 resolve with Rev. Hugh Peters, "to keepe. a window 
 open to more light and truth," 1 nor believe with the 
 revered pastor of the Pilgrims that " the Lord had 
 more truth and light yet to break forth from his Holy 
 Word ; " 2 for, he says : "I cannot imagine why the 
 Holy Ghost should give Timothy the solemnest charge, 
 was ever given to mortall man, to observe the Pules 
 he had given, till the comming of Christ, if new things 
 must be expected." 3 
 
 The literary merits of the Simple Cobbler have been 
 generally acknowledged. Besides the authors, whose 
 opinions we have quoted, they have been recognized 
 by Cogswell, 4 Tudor, 5 Griswold, 6 Palfrey, 7 and Duyck- 
 inck, 8 most of whom have fortified their opinions 
 by extracts from the book itself. Mercurius Anti-me- 
 
 ^eters's Last report of the English Wars, 1646, p. 14. 
 
 2 Farewell Advice to the Pilgrims on their departure from Leyden, 
 in 1620, by their pastor, Eev. John Robinson, as reported in 1646 or 
 1647, by one of them namely, Edward Winslow, in the Brief Narration 
 appended to Hypocrasie Unmasked. 
 
 3 Simple Cooler, 4th ed., p. 19. 
 
 4 Monthly Anthology, vol. vi, p. 346. 
 
 5 North American Review, vol. i, pp. 297-305. 
 
 6 Curiosities of American Literature, pp. 17-18. 
 
 7 History of New England, vol. n, p. 410. 
 
 b Cyclopaedia of American Literature, vol.i, p. 18. 
 
MINISTR T AT SHEFFIELD. m 
 
 chanieus has been favorably noticed by the last named 
 writer, 1 and the Sermon before the Commons has been 
 commended by Palfrey. 2 The Religious Retreat and 
 Petitions to Parliament, are not so well known ; and at 
 our request, our friend, William Reed Deane, Esq., of 
 Brookline, Mass., has critically examined both books, 
 and written an opinion which will be printed in the 
 appendix. 3 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Mr. Ward's Ministry at Shenfield. 
 
 It is not unlikely that Mr. Ward resided in London, 
 while some of his early publications were passing 
 through the press; but on the third of May, 1648, a 
 little more than a year after his arrival in England, we 
 find him the minister to the church at Shenfield. He 
 probably commenced his pastoral labors there, between 
 January 2, 1647-8, and the preceding date. 4 
 
 This parish is only four or five miles from his former 
 living of Stondon Massey, in a southeasterly direction. 5 
 There were three gentlemen's seats there in 1680. 6 In 
 1861, it contained 231 houses, and 1,149 inhabitants. 7 
 
 1 Cyclopcedia of American Literature, vol. i, p. 18. 
 
 2 History of New England, vol. n, p. 401. 
 
 3 See Appendix XI. 
 
 4 See Appendix XII. 
 
 5 Rev. Thomas P. Ferguson, rector of Shenfield. See Appendix 
 XIII. 
 
 6 Adams's Index Villaris, in loco. 
 
 7 English census of 1861. The parish contains 2,397 acres, and 
 averages a population of 306 inhabitants to a square mile. 
 
112 
 
 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 " The houses, generally distant from each other, form a 
 pleasant village on the road between Mountnessing and 
 Brentwood." l 
 
 CHURCH AT SHENFIELD. 
 
 The distance from London is nineteen, and from 
 Chelmsford, ten miles. 2 The name is from the Saxon, 
 and signifies a pleasant field, which is truly descriptive 
 of this agreeable and fruitful district 3 The church is 
 dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It "has a nave, north 
 aisle and chancel to which there is a north chapel. A 
 spire of wood rises to a considerable height," 4 In 
 
 1 Wright's Essex, vol. n, p. 540. 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 3 Ibid. 
 
 4 Ibid., p. 542. 
 
MINISTR Y AT SHEFFIELD. 113 
 
 this church, Mr. Ward preached for upwards of four 
 years. 
 
 At the beginning of the civil war, Rev. John Chil- 
 derley, D.D., was rector of this parish. He was there 
 while Mr. Ward officiated in the neighboring church 
 at Stondon. In 1643, he was " very aged," and 
 Wood represents him to have been " also blind." 
 With his consent, the living was sequestered in the 
 spring of that year, and Rev. Henry Goodere, who 
 was the choice of the parishioners, was admitted as 
 minister. Dr. Chilclerley died before January 19, 
 1645- 6, and the patron presented John Kidby, A.M., 
 who seems to have taken possession of the living 
 to the exclusion of Mr. Goodere, who then held it. 1 
 
 Firmin relates a similar case in one of his books. 
 " It is a practise in England," he writes, " for a Patron 
 to present. Of late I know where a godly Minister 
 was chosen by the people, yet it being a Sequestration, 
 the Incumbent dying, the gift fell into the hands of 
 the Patron ; he being an idle companion, turned out 
 the godly Minister, and put in another, that is &c. ; the 
 people with one consent did declare against him, and 
 opposed his coming, yet it seems because the Law of 
 the Land will have it so, this man is he that hath the 
 place." 2 
 
 The people of Shenfield were more fortunate, how- 
 ever. Mr. Kidby, had a few years previous, been 
 sequestered from the vicarage of Kirby, and it was 
 decided in consequence that he was incapable of hold- 
 ing the rectory of Shenfield. Rev. Mr. Goodere was 
 therefore reinstated, 3 and remained the incumbent of 
 
 1 See Appendix XII. 
 
 2 Sober Reply to Mr. Oawdrey (1653), p. 23. 
 
 3 See Appendix XII. 
 
 15 
 
114 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 the living as late as July 21, 1647. 1 We infer from 
 the records of the committee for plundered ministers 
 that he was there the 2d of the following January. 2 
 Soon after this he was succeeded by Mr. Ward. New- 
 court does not mention Messrs Goodere, and Ward, 
 nor Mr. Bound who succeeded the latter, in his list 
 of the rectors of this church. 3 Not long after the resto- 
 ration, Mr. Kidby resumed his parochial duties at 
 Shentleld, and retained the living till his death near the 
 close of the century. 4 
 
 While at Shenfield, Mr. Ward appears to have taken 
 an open stand with the Presbyterians, if he had not done 
 so before. The Essex Testimony which appeared in 
 print, May 3, 1648, in support of the London ministers 
 who had issued a similar Testimony the preceding 
 winter, 5 was signed by him. 6 At this time, the hope 
 
 1 Davids's Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 464. 
 
 2 See Appendix XII. 
 
 3 Rev. Thomas P. Ferguson, the present rector, thus writes in relation 
 to the entries of the Rev. George Bound on the Shenfield register : 
 
 " In the entries of the baptism of his children, he appends some 
 title to his name which looks as if it might he ' Rector of Shenfield/ 
 hut which has been carefully scratched out in each case. The 
 title of minister in two places has been allowed to remain." 
 
 These erasures mar have been made by Rev. Mr. Kidby after his 
 restoration to the living, as he, no doubt, considered himself the legal 
 rector of the parish during the whole term that Mr. Bound officiated 
 there. 
 
 4 Newcourt's Bepertorium, vol. n, p. 526. The following are 
 given by Newcourt as the successors of Rev. Dr. Childerley, to the end 
 of the century : " John Kidby, A.M., 19 Jan., 1645, per mort. ult. Rect. 
 John Seamier, A.M., 3 Oct., 1694, per mort. Kidby." 
 
 5 In December, 1647. The title is, " Testimony to the Truth of Jesus 
 Christ, and to our Solemn League and Covenant, as also against the 
 Errors, Heresies and Blasphemies of these times, and the toleration of 
 them : to which is added a Catalogue of said Errors." See Davids's 
 Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 307. 
 
 6 Rev. Mr. Davids, iu his Annals, p. 307, gives the title of the Essex 
 Testimony, as follows : "A Testimony of the Miuistersin the Province 
 
MINISTB T AT SHEFFIELD. 115 
 
 of seeing his cherished ideas triumphant, must have 
 been raised to a high point ; hut, as the months wore 
 away and the power of his opponents continued to 
 increase in the affairs of state, this hope must have 
 grown fainter and fainter, till the boldness of the 
 leaders of the army in bringing the king to trial, and 
 their ability to execute the sentence passed upon him, 
 must have convinced the most skeptical, that the nation 
 was in the power of firm and determined men, and that 
 further resistance to them would, for the present, be 
 fruitless. That Mr. Ward sincerely deplored the exe- 
 cution of his sovereign, there can, from his previous 
 writings, be no doubt. We know that his son-in-law 
 did ; and his step-brother, Rev. Daniel Rogers, though 
 he had predicted a violent death for both Laud and 
 the king, bemoaned the fate of the latter, when his 
 prediction was fulfilled. 1 
 
 The Essex Watchman' 's Watchword, 2 published early 
 in the spring, after the king's death, was also signed 
 
 of Essex, to the Truth of Jesus Christ aud to the Solemn League and 
 Covenant ; as also against the Heresies and Blasphemies of the times, 
 and the toleration of them ; sent up to the Ministers within the province 
 of London subscribers to the first Testimony." Printed for Tho. Under- 
 bill, at the Bible, in Wood Street, mdclviii. 
 
 Similar Testimonies, in response to that of the London ministers, 
 were issued by other counties. Mr. Chester has furnished us the date 
 of publication of this, " May 3," from the king's pamphlets in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 1 See Prediction prefixed to Firmin's Weighty Questions Discussed, 
 1692. 
 
 2 Rev. Mr. Davids prints the title in his Annals, p. 312: "The 
 Essex Watchman's Watchword to the inhabitants of the said county, 
 respectively dwelling under their several charges, by way of an apolo- 
 getical account of their first engagement with them in the cause of 
 Grod, King and Parliament, for their vindication from unjust asper- 
 sions ; also by way of faithful premonition of the dangerous evil latent 
 in a printed paper, entitled, The Agreement of the Peo])le, intended to 
 
116 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 by him. Its object was to counteract the effect of a 
 petition to the commons from the army, entitled, " An 
 Agreement of the people of England, and the places 
 therewith incorporated, for a secure and present peace 
 upon the grounds of common right, freedom and 
 safety," which paper had been sent down to that county 
 for signatures. The agreement took grounds in favor 
 of toleration, which the Watchword opposed. 
 
 We learn little else of his ministerial life at Shen- 
 field. In 1650, he is described as " an able preaching 
 minister," in a return of ministers in Essex and other 
 counties, prepared under the instructions of a commit- 
 tee appointed by Cromwell. The same document 
 states that he held the living "by sequestration." 1 
 The following anecdote of him, related by his son-in-law, 
 must refer to his residence at Shenfield : 
 
 " I have given instance of one in Essex, a County 
 famous for the Gospel, who of late years corning to 
 my Father Ward to baptize his Child, my Father 
 asked him, Why will you have your Child baptized ? 
 He answered because others had their children bap- 
 tized. Then asked him, how many Gods there were ? 
 He answered Ten. Then asked him how many Com- 
 mandments there were ? (supposing his mistake), He 
 
 Ibe tendered to them for subscription. Ezek. iii, 17, xxxiii, 6 ; 2 Tim. 
 iv, 5. London. Printed for Ralph Smith, at the sign of the Bible, near 
 the Royal Exchange, 1649." 4to, pp. 140. 
 
 Mr. Chester, who has examined copies of this work in the Bodleian 
 Library at Oxford and the British Museum at London, writes that 
 there are sixty-four signatures in all, and that Mr. Ward's, which is 
 last : reads thus, " Nathaniel Ward, Minister of the Grospel at Shen- 
 field." Mr. Thomasson's manuscript date in the latter copy, is " March 
 8, 1648," that is 1648-9. The printed date of imprimatur, at the end 
 of the pamphlet, is " Feb. 15, 1648." 
 
 1 Lansdowne Manuscripts (in British Museum), 459 ; manuscript letter 
 ■ of Rev. T. W. Davids, and his Annals, p. 465. 
 
MINISTR Y AT SIIENFIELB. 117 
 
 answered Two. Which, is the first ? He answered, 
 Salvation : The Second I know not, but he gave a 
 Second. My Father asked him, if he gave these 
 answers to cross him? The man answered, No truly 
 Mr. Ward, if I knew how to answer you better, I 
 would." 1 
 
 During the greater part of Mr. Ward's residence 
 at Ipswich, Mass., he had for neighbors, Glov. Brad- 
 street and his talented wife, celebrated as the earliest 
 poetess in New England. In 1650, a volume of Mrs. 
 Bradstreet's poems was published, at London, under 
 the title of " The Tenth Muse lately Sprung up in 
 America. 2 To this volume Mr. Ward contributed the 
 following commendatory lines : 
 
 " Mercury shew'd Apollo, Bartas Book, 
 Minerva this, and wisht him well to look, 
 
 1 Firmin's Real Christian, p. 229, Boston ed., p. 230. 
 
 Mr. Firmin, had, in a previous work, given this anecdote ; bnt in 
 that work, two different persons are mentioned — one who wished his 
 child baptized because others had their children baptized ; and the 
 other who replied that there were ten Gods and two commandments. 
 See Sober Reply to Mr. Gawdrey, p. 12. 
 
 2 This book was reprinted, with additional poems and a change of 
 title, at Boston, in 1678, and again in 1758. The late Rev. Rufus W. 
 Griswold, D.D., in the introduction to his Poetry and Poets of America, 
 stated that there was an edition previous to the 1650 London edition, 
 namely : one at Cambridge, New England, in 1640 ; but this is an error. 
 Dr. Griswold's statement has given rise to the erroneous assertion, that 
 this was the first volume of poetry printed in New England. 
 
 An elegant edition of Mrs. Bradstreet's published and unpublished 
 writings, was issued last year (1867), under the editorship of Mr. John 
 Harvard Ellis of Charlestown. 
 
 Two extensive lists of the posterity of this writer, are printed in the 
 Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. vni, pp, 113-21 ; and vol. 
 ix, pp. 312-25. Among her descendants will be found an array of 
 talent that almost tempts one to believe there is really a " Brahmin 
 caste of New England." 
 
118 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 And tell uprightly, which, did which excell; 
 
 He view'd, and view'd, and vow'd he could not tell, 
 
 They bid him Hemisphear his mouldy nose, 
 
 With's crackt leering-glasses, for it would pose 
 
 The best brains he had in's old pudding-pan 
 
 Sex weigh'd, which best, the Woman, or the Man ? 
 
 He peer'd and por'd, and glar'd, and said for wore, 
 
 I'm even as wise now, as I was before : 
 
 They both 'gan laugh, and said, it was no mar'l 
 
 The Auth'resse was a right Du Bartas Girle, 
 
 Good sooth quoth the old Don. tel ye me so, 
 
 I muse whither at length these Girls wil go ; 
 
 It half revives my chil frost-bitten blood, 
 
 To see a woman, once, do ought that's good ; 
 
 And chode buy Chancers Boots, and Homers Furrs, 
 
 Let men look to't, least women weare the Spurs." 
 
 Mr. Ward's wife died about the time of his emigra- 
 tion to New England, 1 and we do not learn that he 
 was married again. We have not discovered her 
 Christian name or surname. Candler does not men- 
 tion her ; hut he gives the names of Mr. Ward's children 
 as follows : " John Ward, 2 m r in arts in New England; 
 Susan, married to Giles Firmin, rector of Shalford in 
 Essex; James, 3 s. p." 
 
 Through his eldest son, his posterity in this country 
 has been numerous. None of his descendants, how- 
 ever, inherit from him the surname, Ward. Among 
 
 1 In the Simple Cobler, 1st, 2d and 2d eds., p. 26, and 4th ed. p. 27, 
 he says : " I have been a solitary widdower almost twelve years ; " and 
 in the 1st, 2d and 3d eds., p. 61, he uses similar language, " almost 
 these twelve years," in speaking of his residence in this country. In 
 the 4th ed., " almost " is struck ont in the latter instance. 
 
 2 See Appendix XIY. 
 
 3 See Appendix XV. 
 
MINISTB T AT SHENFIELD. 119 
 
 them, are not a few who have been distinguished in 
 the various walks of life. One of them was the 
 governor of a state, 1 one a member of congress, 2 and 
 several have been clergymen of distinction. Two of 
 his female descendants, 3 have had husbands who held 
 the position of minister from this country to the court 
 of St. James. 
 
 In the quiet village of Shenfield, " he ended his 
 days," Mather asserts, "when he was about eighty- 
 three years of age." 4 Subsequent writers have given 
 his death as occurring in 1653; but whether they obtain 
 this date from another source, or deduce it from the 
 age and date of birth given by Mather, we do not 
 know. The probability is, that they are not far from 
 correct as to the year, though the age is evidently 
 wrong. Rev. Edmund Calamy, in 1656, mentions 
 him among the " eminent lights " that " of late years" 
 had " been extinguished in the Nation ; " 5 and Fuller, 
 in his Worthies of England, first published in 1660, 
 represents him as " lately dead." 6 The entries in the 
 
 1 Gov. Gurdon Saltonstall of Connecticut. 
 
 2 Hon. Leverett Saltonstall. 
 
 3 The wives of the late Hon. Edward Everett, and of Hon. Charles 
 Francis Adams, both daughters of the late Peter Chardon Brooks. 
 
 4 Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xxxi, sect. 1. 
 
 5 " Licenser's Epistle," prefixed to Living Love betwixt Christ and 
 Dying Christians, a Sermon preached June 6, 1654, at the Funeral of 
 Mr. Jeremiah Whitaker, By Simon Ashe, London, 1656. 
 
 The names of these eminent lights are given in the margin as fol- 
 lows : " Mr. Scudder, Mr. Grosse, Mr. Ferriby, Mr. Ludlam, Mr. Nat. 
 Ward, Dr. Gouge, Dr. Hill, Mr. Walker, Mr. Conant, Mr. Wilson, Mr. 
 Paramoor, Mr. Gataker, &c." 
 
 Mr. Ferriby, the next name but one before Mr. Ward's, was buried 
 September 29, 1652 ; Dr. Gouge, whose name follows Mr. Ward's, died 
 December 12, 1653 ; Dr. Hill died December 18, 1653, and Mr. Gataker, 
 the last on the list, died July 27, 1654. 
 
 6 Fuller's Worthies (ed. 1840), vol. in, p. 187. 
 
120 REV. NATHANIEL WARD. 
 
 Shenfield parish register, by Rev. George Bound, 
 who succeeded him, begin in November, 1652, so 
 that it is not unlikely that he died in this year, and 
 not far from October. If so, he did not live to see the 
 expulsion of parliament by Cromwell, and his assump- 
 tion of the reigns of government, as protector. He 
 did not feel the arbitrary rule of that iron-nerved 
 man, nor witness the height of glory to which he 
 raised his country among the nations of the earth. 
 He was spared the sad sight that followed the re- 
 turn of royalty under Charles H, when pious ministers 
 were driven from their flocks, and corrupt manners 
 spread like a flood over the nation. Before these 
 events took place, did the grave open a refuge for 
 one who had seen much of life's vicissitudes — in 
 England, on the continent of Europe, and in the 
 wilderness of the E"ew World ; one, who in life's 
 conflicts and trials, having borne his full share, 
 had fairly earned a respite from further toil and suf- 
 fering. 
 
APPENDICES. 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Candler's Pedigree of Ward. 
 
 The Candler Manuscript in the British Museum, 1 has long 
 been known to antiquaries. In 1849, Rev. Joseph Hunter 
 gleaned from it much of the genealogical information in his 
 paper on the Suffolk emigrants to New England, in the Massa- 
 chusetts Historical Collections; 2 and in 1850, Mr. Somerby 
 printed some extracts from it in the New England Historical 
 and Genealogical Register.- 1 
 
 Rev. Mr. Hunter describes this manuscript as being divided 
 into two nearly equal portions. The first, which gives the 
 pedigrees of the royal family and peers of England, contains 
 little that is new. The second consists of accounts of families 
 to which the author was allied, or with which he was ac- 
 quainted, and furnishes much genealogical information not 
 elsewhere to be found. Mr. Hunter remarks that there is much 
 obscurity in the manner of displaying the families in this manu- 
 script, 4 which statement both Mr. Somerby 5 and Mr. Chester 6 
 confirm. 
 
 The author, Matthias Candler. M.A., was a Puritan cler- 
 gyman, born February 24, 1604, educated at Cambridge, 
 and, in 1629, made vicar of Coddenham in Suffolk. From 
 
 1 Harleian Manuscripts, 6071. 
 
 2 Vol. xxx, pp. 147 - 72. 
 
 3 Vol. iv. pp. 178 -SO. 
 
 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxx, p. 149. 
 
 5 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. iv, p. 178. 
 
 6 ibid., vol. xvn, p. 43. 
 
 16 
 
122 APPENDIX. 
 
 this living, lie was ejected after the restoration. He died 
 March, 1663.1 
 
 Mr. Hunter having given a genealogical account of the 
 family of Nathaniel Ward derived from Candler, we wrote, 
 soon after commencing the preparation of a memoir of that 
 author, to Mr. Chester of London, who had pointed out some 
 errors of Mr. Hunter in relation to the Rogers family,- request- 
 ing him to examine the manuscript and ascertain if there were 
 any errors in the Ward genealogy. Mr. Chester answered us 
 May 25, 1865, and sent us a fac simile tracing of Candler's pedi- 
 gree of Ward, with a copy of the will of Rev. John Ward 
 of Haverhill, an abstract of that of his son, Rev. Samuel 
 Ward of Ipswich • and a tabular pedigree, giving his reading of 
 Candler, with additions, properly distinguished, derived from 
 the two wills. " You will see," he wrote, " the difficulty we 
 
 have to contend with in reading Candler I am anxious, 
 
 for one thing, that you should have in Boston, a fac simile 
 specimen of Candler's pedigrees, that you may see how difficult 
 they are to decypher." 
 
 A little more than a year afterwards, July 30, 1866, he 
 informed us that he had made a discovery which cleared up 
 all the mystery in relation to the Ward pedigree. " Mr. W. S. 
 Appleton," he wrote, " recently called my attention to the fact 
 that there were some volumes of Candler's among the Tanner 
 Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, and I spent all last week 
 there. The result was most satisfactory, and the conclusions I 
 come to are these : 
 
 " 1. That the Harleian Manuscript, 6071, was Candler's rough 
 book in which he made the first draughts of his pedigrees. 
 This accounts for the inexplicable character of most of them. 
 He was doubtless in the habit of jotting down fresh facts as he 
 obtained them, and placing them anywhere where he could 
 find space in their respective pages. They were probably all 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxx, p. 148; Nonconformist' s Memorial, 
 vol. ii, p. 416. 
 
 2 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xvrr, p. 43. 
 
APPENDIX. 123 
 
 plain enough to himself, but in time became pure hieroglyphics 
 to any body else. 
 
 "2. Tanner Manuscript, 257, is evidently a first copy of 
 Harleian, 8071. It is in Candler's writing, and, as a general 
 rule, the descents are most distinctly traced, so that, in almost all 
 instances, there is no difficulty in understanding his meaning. 
 There are some additions to and variations from the Harleian 
 copy, and he evidently worked to some extent upon this copy, 
 probably rejecting the original entirely. 
 
 " 3. But the great treasure is still another volume, Tanner 
 Manuscript, 180, in which a large number of the pedigrees are 
 written out by Candler himself, in a fair hand, as plain almost 
 as print, and with the descents distinctly traced. So particular 
 was he, in this volume, that, when he could not get the whole 
 family on one or two pages, he merely gives the names and 
 refers to another page j as, for instance, the pedigrees of Na- 
 thaniel Ward, and John Ward, and Capt. Samuel Ward of 
 Lidgate, and of Mary Waite, each occupy separate pages, with 
 references to the general Ward pedigree on a previous one. 
 It is a copy of this pedigree that I now am happy to inclose, 
 but for your convenience I have embodied the whole together. 
 
 " This was clearly the final result of Candler's investigations, 
 as you will notice he omits or rejects some doubtful points, and 
 corrects mistakes into which he had previously fallen. You 
 will notice how several little mysteries are cleared up, and also 
 that there are some new facts and names." 
 
 Mr. Chester informs us that there is no coat of arms given 
 with this pedigree, either in the Harleian or in the Tanner 
 Manuscripts. From his investigations, which, however, have 
 not been particularly directed to this subject, he thinks that 
 the family was not entitled to arms. It is certain though, that 
 Rev. John Ward of Haverhill, Mass., used a seal with armorial 
 bearings upon a deed, dated 1653, now in the possession of S. Gr. 
 Drake, Esq. The impression is very distinct, and shows the 
 shield plainly as well as the charge, which is a cross-flory. No 
 tinctures are indicated. The tablet to the memory of his uncle, 
 
124 APPENDIX. 
 
 Rev. John Ward, at Ipswich, England, lias these arms : " Niger 
 a Maltese cross or." 
 
 Rev. Nathaniel Ward seems to have used entirely different 
 arms. Appended to the fac simile of his autograph in the 37th 
 volume of the Massachusetts Historical Collections, is a seal on 
 which two coats of arms are quartered ; the 1st and 4th being 
 apparently three quatrefoils, and the 2d and 3d, three water- 
 bougets. Mr. Whitmore. who seems to have seen the original 
 seal, in describing it in the Heraldic Journal, vol. ill, p. 176, 
 adds that there is " on the fesse point a crescent for difference." 
 The autograph and seal were taken, we presume, from one of the 
 letters of Mr. Ward published in that volume. The seal may 
 have belonged to a friend, or to an ancestor of another name. 
 
 The Candler pedigree is arranged in the common tabular 
 form. To print it thus, would involve the necessity of rising a 
 large folded sheet which would be liable to tear. The form has 
 therefore been changed, so as to avoid this difficulty, and besides 
 give an opportunity to add notes ; while, at the same time, the 
 lines are retained which show the descent and connection of 
 families. 
 
 ....WARD 1 of Rivenhall in Essex, Gent., of such esteeme 
 in his cuntry that being then chiefe constable, he, by an 
 oration which he made on Rayne common, quieted a commo- 
 tion. - 
 
 _ JOHN WARD, Preacher of Haverill.- 
 
 T Susanna, his wife, was, after his death, married to 
 i b Richard Rogers, Preacher at Wethersfield. 4 
 
 i The capitals and italics are not in the original, hut are used for convenience in 
 designating the families. 
 
 2 The Harleian or first draught reads : t; Ward of Kiuenall in Essex, gent, a chefe 
 constable of such an esteerne in his country, that by an oration he made, he quieted 
 a commotion of people." 
 
 s Besides the three sons of John Ward given by Candler, he had two daugh- 
 ters, Abigail and Mary, as we learn from his will. 
 
 4 The Harleian copy reads : "John Ward, preacher at Hauerill. = Susan, daugh- 
 ter of ... . was 1st the wife of John Ward, and after his death, was ye 2d wife to 
 Eichard Rogers, by whom she had no issue." 
 
APPENDIX. 125 
 
 b e 
 —Samuel Ward, Towne Preacher in Ipswich. 
 
 = Deborah, daughter of Leech, the relict of 
 
 Bolton, clarke, by whom she had issue, Robert D l 
 
 of Physicke, and John, Rector of Bucklesham. L 
 
 Samuel Ward, s. p. 
 
 Nathaniel Ward, t) r of Divinity/ 2 Rector of Staple- 
 ford in Essex. 
 
 Joseph Ward, Rector of Badingham. = Sarah, one 
 
 of the daughters, and coheires of Rudyard 
 
 of in Staffordshire, Gent. 3 
 
 Deborah, married to Richard Groltie, Rector of Fram- 
 lingham. 4 
 
 1 The Harleian copy reads : " Samuel Ward, the famous Towne preacher of Ips- 
 wich.— Deborah, da. of . . . Leeth, the relict of Badiugham, iu Suff. By whom she 
 had Robert.'" The will of Samuel Ward names sons, Robert Bolton and John 
 Bolton. 
 
 In Davy's Collections, vol. Hoxone, p. 78, under Badingham parish, is the follow- 
 ing entry, taken from the parish register : " Deborah Ward, widow of Mr. Samuel 
 Ward of Ipswich, buried 22 October, 1652." 
 
 2 The Harleian copy and Tanner Manuscript, 257, state that he " mar. daughter of 
 Harrison.'" The rejection in the revision, shows that this was either untrue, or 
 not sufficiently authenticated. Palmer names a Mr. Ward as ejected from the 
 ministry at Stapleford Tawney, under the Bartholomew act. 
 
 3 The Harleian copy reads : "Joseph Ward, rector of Badingham in Suff. = Sarah 
 one of ye daught & coheires of Rudyard in Staffordshire, gent." 
 
 4 Harleian copy adds, " in Suff." 
 
 Davy' s Collections, British Museum, Add. manuscripts, 19096, p. 394, under Fram- 
 lingham, these facts : "Richard Goltie was ejected, but recovered his living at 
 the Restoration. [Rev. Mr. Davids who copied for us these extracts from Davy, 
 observes upon this statement : " This was for refusing the Engagement, as another 
 was sequestered previously, by the Parliament — one Gouge. See Walker's Suf- 
 ferings, ii, 257."]. He married Deborah, da. of Samuel Ward. t ... At the time 
 when the Engagement was pressed some preferred articles against him, and be was 
 removed, p. 379. 
 
 In the chancel of the church, on a black marble slab is : 
 
 " Here rests ye body of Rich. Golty, Rector of this Church, Ob. May 27, A°. Dmi. 
 1678, aet. 74." 
 
 North of this, again on a black marble slab : 
 
 "Here lye the Body of John Golty, and Rachel, his wife. Hee died ye 22 of Oct., 
 1669. Shee [died] ye 9 of Decern., 1662." 
 
 " R. G. was one of the ministers of Suffolk, who subscribed the petition to the 
 house of peers, 29 May, 1646, concerning church government, which was printed." 
 
 Rev. Mr. Davids writes: "His son Richard was rector of Hutton in Essex." 
 See his Annals, p. 260, note %. 
 
126 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ^Abigail, 1 married to John Ashborne, Rector of 
 Norton. 2 
 —Nathaniel Ward. He was sometimes an Utter Barres- 
 ter, but after he betook himself to the Ministry. He 
 was sometime pastour of Ipswich in New England, and 
 after Rector of Shenfield in Essex. He was a learned 
 and able man. He wrote the booke called the simple 
 cobler of Agowam, &c? 
 
 of 
 
 -John Ward, Master in Arts, in New England. 4 
 — Susan Ward, married to Giles Firmin, Rector 
 
 Shalford in Essex. 
 -James Ward, s. p. 
 .John Ward. He was sometimes Rector of Dinnington. 
 He was after a Preacher in Bury, and lastly Rector of 
 St. Clement's parish in Ipswich. 
 Lydia, daughter of William Acton, Portman of 
 Ipswich, the relict of Burrell. 5 
 
 1 Miss Harriet A. Bainbridge of London writes to us that a pedigree of Ward of 
 Haverhill, which she has examined, gives another child to Samuel Ward, town 
 preacher of Ipswich, nainety, John Ward, who married a Miss Dalton, and was 
 father of Dr. Samuel Ward of Lidgate. It is not improbable that there may have 
 been a John Ward in this family, who was married and had a son as described ; but 
 we think he was not a son of Samuel, the town preacher ; lor if Rev. Samuel Ward 
 had had such a son, it is likely that he would have mentioned him in his will. The 
 children there agree exactly with the pedigree in the Candler Manuscripts. 
 
 2 The Harleian copy adds, " in Sun* 1 ." 
 
 Davy, under parish of Norton, Add. Manuscripts, British Museum, 19079, pp. 294, 
 297, informs its that: " John Ashburne succeeded Edmund Cartwrighfc, the succes- 
 sor of Nicholas Bound. 1 ' Davy gives these extracts from the parish register : 
 
 " Joseph Ashborne, son of Mr. J. A., bap. 20 Feb., 1648. John Ashborne, bur. 
 5 Jan., 1649. Thomas Hardy and Abigail Ashborne, m. 1 July, 1658, John Ash- 
 borne, bur. 2 Aug., 1661.'" 
 
 Under the parish of Wangford, Add. Manuscripts, 19083, Davy quotes from a 
 contemporary news sheet as follows : " 1st of Aug. One Mr. Ashborne, .... of good 
 parts and of great skill in curing mad people, going to visit some of his acquaint- 
 ance, was waylaid by one of his mad patients, who was in his house for cure, 
 seeing him go by, struck him in his neck with a pitchfork, and not satisfied with 
 that, drew his knife and stabbed him. He died immediately." 
 
 3 The Harleian copy reads : " Nath. Ward of Ipswich in New England, rector of 
 Shenfield in Essex." 
 
 4 The descendants of Rev. John Ward, M.A., will be given in Appendix XIV. 
 
 5 The Harleian copy reads : " John Ward, Rector of Dennington in Suff., and after 
 of St. Clements in Ipswich. = Lydia, daughter of Will. Acton portman in Ipswich, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 127 
 
 Lydia Ward. 
 
 —Philip Ward, student of Christ's Church in Oxford, 
 sometime Proctor of that University. He was 
 addicted to the warres and -was Colonel of a Regi- 
 ment in Jamaica, where he died s. p. 1 
 
 —Martha Ward. 
 
 —Mary Ward, married to Gilbert, a citizen of 
 
 London. 2 
 
 —Susan Ward, married to John Baily, m r of a ship. 3 
 -John Ward, Master in Arts, sometimes Rector of 
 Thelnetham by sequestration. 4 
 
 —Samuel Ward, Bach, in Arts, s. p. 5 
 
 —Sarah Ward. 
 
 —James Ward. 
 
 -^Abigail Ward. 
 
 . . . WARD, of Boyton Hall in Monkes Ely. 
 
 daughter of — .. the relict of Chaplaine. 
 
 Captain Samuel Ward, of Lidgate. 
 
 = Anne, daughter of Atwood of in Essex, 
 
 Esq r . <j 
 
 the relict of Bnrrell gent." Tn Davy's Suffolk Collections, it is stated that John 
 Ward " married Lydia, sister of John Acton of Branford, Esq., and widow of Daniel 
 Bnrrell, Gent." 
 
 The father of Lydia was, we presume, William Acton, portman of Ipswich, who 
 died Nov. 29, 1610, aged 76, and who has a monument against the wall of the chancel 
 of the small church of St. Mary at the Elmes, Ipswich, which monument was erected 
 by his son John. See Clarke's Ipswich, pp. 196 and 356. 
 
 1 The Harleian copy reads : "Philip Ward, a student in Christ's church Coll. in 
 Oxford, Proctor of that University about 1655. since a Colonel in Jamaica, but re- 
 turned againe." He was proctor from 1652 to 1653. We find by the Calendar of 
 British State Papers, Colonial Series, Vol. I, pp. 479 - 80, 482 and 490, that Col. 
 Philip Ward was granted by the council of state, April 24, 1660, a commission as 
 governor of " the isle or islands of St. Christophers," but was respited on the return 
 of Charles II. 
 
 2 Mr. Chester sends me this marriage from the register of St. Bennet's Grace 
 Church, London: "1661, June 12, William Gilbird of Whitefriars, Fleet street 
 London, widower, and Mary Ward, of St. Clements, Ipswich." 
 
 3 The Harleian copy reads : " Susan, married to John Bailiffe in Ipswich." 
 
 4 The Harleian copy reads : " John Ward, Master in Arts, rector of Thelnethem." 
 
 5 The Harleian copy reads : " Samuel Ward, mr. in Arts." 
 
 6 In the Harleian copy under this marriage is the abbreviation, " s. p." 
 
128 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 = daughter of Clopton of Gent. 1 
 
 — Anne, married to Thexton [altered from Clarxton] 
 rector of Grinningham in Norfolk.' 2 
 
 —Deborah, married to Johnson of Colchester. 
 
 —Samuel Ward= daughter of John Clarke of 
 
 East Bergholt/ 3 
 
 -Abigail Ward, married 1 to Smart, minister of 
 
 St. Nicholas parish in Ipswich, 1 she was his 2d wife. 
 
 2, her 2d husband was Munnings, rector of 
 
 Preston by sequestration. 
 
 ... married 1 Corboll of Bildeston. Her 2d 
 
 husband was Philip Jacob, rector of Rickingall. 5 
 ANOTHER SON named fi 
 
 = Thomas Grrigges of 
 
 Edward Ward, of Ipswich. 
 = Elizabeth Dale, of Burstall 
 
 Ipswich, her 2d husband. 8 
 —Edward Ward, Mr. in Arts. 
 __ Samuel Ward. He went to Jamaica. 9 He married 
 
 Margaret, the daughter of Lenthall, Gent. 
 
 ^Samuel Ward. 
 —Another died an infant. 10 
 — ABIGAIL married to Samuel Wood of Dedham. 
 
 1 The children of Capt. Samuel Ward of Lidgate are all represented to be by the 
 daughter of Clopton, in both copies. 
 
 2 The Harleian copy reads: "Anne married to Robert Clarxton, rector of Gin- 
 ningham in Norfolk." Robert Thexton was instituted rector of this parish in 1650 
 on the presentation of the master and fellows of Catharine Hall, Cambridge. His 
 predecessor was Thomas Thexton, instituted in 1623 on the presentation of Robert 
 Thexton, clerk.— BlomfieWs Norfolk, viii, 126. 
 
 3 The Harleian copy reads : " Samuel Ward married Clarke. 1 ' 
 
 4 All after Ipswich is not found in the Harleian copy. 
 
 5 This daughter is not named in the Harleian copy. 
 
 6 Rev. John Ward of Haverhill had a brother Edward living in 1598. See Will. 
 
 7 u Of Burstall " is not found in the Harleian copy. 
 
 8 The Harleian copy adds " s. p." to this marriage, but has not the words, "of 
 Ipswich, her 2d husband.''' 
 
 9 All after Jamaica is not found in the Harleian copy. 
 
 10 This child is not named in the Harleian copy. 
 
APPENDIX. 129 
 
 a b 
 
 l-MARY. 
 
 = Samuel Waite, of Wethersfield. 
 —Mary married to Robert Lord. 1 
 —Samuel Waite = Hellin Crosse! 
 
 —John Waite = daughter of Hill of Maiden. - 
 
 —Joseph Waite ' = Margaret, daughter of Matthew Law- 
 rence, Towne preacher 4 of Ipswich. 
 
 Anne Waite. 
 —Thomas. 
 
 Susan. 
 
 Abigail. 
 
 Sarah. 
 
 1 Robert Lord of Ipswich, Mass., who died Aug. 21, 1683, in his 80th year, married 
 Mary Waite.— FelVs Ipswich, p. 167. 
 
 2 Joseph Hills of Maiden, Mass., who came from Maiden in Essex, had a son 
 (probably son-in-law) Waite. See his will, New England Historical and Genealo- 
 gical Register, vol. vm, pp. 309-11. 
 
 There is some probability, therefore, that Rev. Nathaniel Ward and Joseph Hills, 
 two persons who were prominent in compiling the laws of Massachusetts, were 
 relatives by marriage. For an account of the services of Mr. Hills, see an able 
 article by George H. Moore, Esq,., in the Historical Magazine, vol. xni, pp. 85-91. 
 John Wayte of Charlestown village was also employed on the laws. 
 
 3 The Harleian copy calls him " rector of Sproughton." Whether this was re- 
 jected by Candler in the revision because he found it to be untrue or because he 
 considered it doubtful, we cannot say. There was a Joseph Waite, M. A., rector of 
 Sproughton in Suffolk, who died June 29, 1670. and was interred July 1, "after 15 
 years of conscientious and eminently faithful discharge of the ministry " in that 
 place. See inscription in Clarke's Ipswich, p. 354. 
 
 Davy, in his Suffolk Collections, gives the inscription on another stone at Sprough- 
 ton: "Here resteth the body of Margaret, the relict of Jos. Waite obijt June 
 1675." 
 
 The first inscription shows clearly that Palmer is wrong in his account of the 
 incumbent of Sproughton in the "second" (1S03) edition of his Nonconformist's 
 Memorial, vol. in, p. 2S7-8. 
 
 4 The words "Towne preacher" are not in the Harleian copy. 
 
 17 
 
130 APPENDIX. 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 Will of Rev. John Ward of Bury St. Edmunds. 
 
 [Transcribed by Joseph L. Chester, Esq.] 
 
 In the name of God, Amen — The nynthe daie of October, 
 One Thowsand Fyue Hundreth eightie nyne, Elizabethe Quad- 
 ragesimo, I John Ward preacher of God's woord in Burye S' e 
 Edmond in the countye of Suffolke, being verye weake in bodye, 
 and yet of perfect Remembrance (Thanckes be to god there- 
 fore), doo ordaine my last will and Testament in maner, and 
 forme following : Firste, I bequeath my soule into the handes 
 of God my mercyfull father in Jesus Chryste, by whose pretious 
 bloudshedding he hathe wasshed and saued me from all my 
 synnes. And my bodye to be buryed where it shall please 
 God. Item, I geue unto my yongest sonne John Ward, One 
 hundred poundes of lawfull englishe money, To be payd vnto 
 him when he shall accomplishe the full age of Twentye one 
 yeares. I geue vnto Abigayle my daughter One hundred 
 poundes of lyke money, To be payed vnto her at her full age of 
 Eightene yeares — Item I geue vnto Marye my daughter, One 
 hundred poundes of like money, To be lykewyse payd vnto 
 her when shee shall accomplishe her full age of eightene yeares. 
 Item, my will and mynde is, That yf anie of theis my said 
 chilldren decease and depart this lyfe, before they and every of 
 them accomplishe their said seuerall ages, Then the porcon or 
 porcons of him or her so deceased shall remayne and be equally 
 devided to the other twoo, or one then living. Item I geue 
 vnto my sonne Samuell Ward All myBookes & Apparell. Item 
 I geue vnto my sonne Nathanyell Ward sixescore poundes 
 of lyke lawfull money to be payd vnto him when he shall 
 accomplishe the full age of Twoo and Twentye yeares. 1 Item, 
 
 1 Perhaps this number may have been in figures in the original, and the registrar 
 may have mistaken twenty-one for twenty-two ; for there is no apparent reason 
 
APPENDIX. 131 
 
 I ordayne Susan my wyfe sole Executrix of this my last will 
 and Testament. And my will is that within twoo monethes 
 after my decease shee enter into sufficyent bond vnto my brother 
 Edward Ward with suertye or suertyes for the performance of 
 this my laste will, and education of all my said Chilldren vntyll 
 they accomplishe their seuerall ages aboue menconed. Pro- 
 uided allwaies, and my will and minde is, that yf my said wyfe 
 shall refuse to enter into suche bond with sufficient suerty as 
 is afore sayde, Then as nowe, and nowe as then, I ordaine and 
 make my said brother Edward Executor of this my said will. 
 In witnes whereof I haue herevnto sett my hand and Seale the 
 daye and yeare first aboue wrytten. John Ward. Sealed and 
 subscrybed in y a presence of Lawrence Neweman and John 
 Woodd. Memorandum that theis woords (within twoo monethes 
 after my decease) and (vnto my brother Edward Warde) were 
 interlined before the sealing and signeing of this present will 
 in their seu'all places and lines within wrytten in the presence 
 of the witnesses within named. 
 
 (Proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 31 October, 
 1598, by Anthony Callton, Notary Public, Proctor for Susan 
 Ward, relict of the testator & the Executrix named in the 
 Will). 
 
 [Recorded in Book called Lewyn, fol. 85.] 
 
 [Note by J. W. D.] 
 
 When Mr. Chester commenced his search for the will of Rev. 
 John Ward, the nearest approach to fixing the date of his death 
 was obtained from the fact that his widow was the wife of 
 Richard Rogers, April 16, 1618, 1 which showed that his death 
 must have occurred some time before. Rev. Mr. Hunter does 
 not appear to have known even this ; for, after some gratuitous 
 remarks, he says : " He did not ...... take the course which so 
 
 many other ministers of his description did of removing himself 
 
 why John should have his property at twenty-one, and Nathaniel not till he was 
 twenty- two. 
 1 JSfeiv England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xvi, p. 326. 
 
132 APPENDIX. 
 
 to New England." l From this, it is evident that Mr. Hunter 
 supposed he lived till after the settlement of New England. 
 
 Mr. Chester, " after a laborious search," found the will at 
 Doctors' Commons. Some time after receiving a copy from him, 
 we drew his attention to the discrepancy between the regnal 
 and common year in the date of the will, and suggested that if 
 the year of our Lord had been in arabic numerals instead of 
 words, we should have supposed the position of the last two 
 figures had been transposed, and that the true date was 1598 
 instead of 1589. We suggested that the original will might be in 
 figures, and that in copying it, words may have been substituted 
 for them. Mr. Chester was at Oxford, when our letter reached 
 him. On his return to London, he wrote : "I have been able 
 to find at Doctors' Commons the original will of John Ward. 
 The signature is a wretched one, and the seal a mere lump of 
 was without any impression. The date is" in figures, ' 1589/ 
 and the year of Elizabeth's reign also in figures, ' 40.' In the 
 Copy in the Registers these figures are written out in words. 
 The error is clearly that of the scrivener who wrote the will or 
 probably of his clerk who made a fair copy from his rough 
 draught. The year should unquestionably be 1598 and not 
 ' 1589,' for it is simply impossible that any man writing in 31st 
 Elizabeth could have written 40th. The transcriber of the ori- 
 ginal will into the Register was bound of course to take the 
 former as he found it. It is interesting to determine the exact 
 date of John Ward's death • and you may safely assume that it 
 was after the 9th and before the 31st of October. 1598." 
 
 That the date 1589 is an error, may also be inferred from 
 the fact that Samuel is mentioned in the will in a way that 
 conveys the idea that he was of age, whereas in that year he 
 was only about twelve years old. 
 
 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxx, p. 167. 
 
APPENDIX. 133 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Dedication of Samuel Ward's Life of Faith in Death. 
 
 [From the 1627 edition.] 
 
 To his deare and loving Mother : 
 
 I Honour Augustine much for honouring his Mother so 
 much after her death, whose name and example had otherwise 
 lyen in obscuritie. But I like better and wish rather to follow 
 the pietie of Nazianzene, who gaue himselfe to the performance 
 of all Christian Offices to his louing mother. Grod hath so 
 blessed the former part of your life aboue the lot of most wo- 
 men, with two such able guides, as haue so stored you with 
 Spirituall and Temporall furniture, that you need not the ayd 
 of any of your children. Neuerthelesse, G-race and Nature will 
 bee ascending and expressing themselues though in weak ser- 
 uices. Revben when he found but a few Flowers, must bring 
 them to his Mother Leah. Esav, when he takes Yenison gra- 
 tifies his aged Father withall. Sampson findes honie by the 
 way and presents of it to his parents. Here is a Posie gathered 
 out of old and new Gardens j this sauory meate hath God brought 
 to hand, here is sweete out of the strong. Let your soule eat 
 and blesse. The vse and fruit of them I wish to euery beleeuer, 
 especially in age and sickenesse : but the handsell and honor of 
 them (if any bee) to your selfe, whom the Law of God and Nature 
 binds mee to honour aboue others. Long may you Hue to blesse 
 your Children with your daily Prayers, especially your sonnes in 
 that worke which needes much watering. Yet euery good 
 Christian in yeares cannot but desire to be forewarned against 
 death approaching, and that is the ayme of these endeauors. 
 Grod prosper and blesse them, as the former • and send mee my 
 part in the benefit of these (as hee hath done of them) in the 
 time of vse. 
 
 Your Sonne in all dutie, 
 
 your loue and blessing, desirous of the birth-right of 
 
 Sa : Ward." 
 
134 APPENDIX. 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 Rev. John Rogers of Dedham, Eng. 
 
 [From Firinin's Real Christian, pp. 75-6.] 
 
 Great sinners, and men of greed parts, great spirits, idiom 
 Goel intends to make of great use. these are the men, the persons, 
 who usually, if not alwayes, meet with great oruisings. terrors, 
 fears and sorrows. 
 
 Observe the workings of God, and you will find it so ; those 
 who read Mr. Bolton s life, will see my Position made good \ no 
 wonder though the Lord bruised him, and held him under as 
 he did. Other Divines I might mention, but I shall instance 
 in Mr. John Rogers of Dedham. An old man that used in his 
 young time to visit the house of Mr. Richard Rogers of Wethers- 
 field. would tell me this story of him oftentimes, which my 
 Grandmother, who was Wife to Mr. Rogers, told him several 
 times ; Mr. Richard Rogers did send and help to maintain Mr. 
 John Rogers (being his Kinsman) in Cambridge ; it seems he 
 proved so bad, that he sold his Books and spent the money; 
 my Grandmother moved her Husband to buy him some Books, 
 and send him to Cambridge again ; she being a prudent Woman 
 prevailed j Mr. John Rogers spent his Books again; Mr. Rich- 
 ard Rogers then would cast him off utterly ; but my Grand- 
 mother renews her request once more, and at last prevails to 
 send him again ; then he held : that he was wild enough I con- 
 clude from a speech of his own. which I mention not, and by a 
 speech of Mr. Richard Rogers, which he often used, when he 
 saw what God had done for his Kinsman. I will never despair 
 of a man for John Roger's sake ; it seems then he was bad 
 enough. God intended this man to make him of great use, and 
 a choice Instrument he was in God's hand for conversion of 
 many Souls, few men like him j but God handled him accord- 
 ingly, bruised him to purpose. He would get under bushes in 
 
APPENDIX. 135 
 
 fields, pray and cry ; became an experimental Preacher of legal 
 workings, making good what Bishop (then Master) Brownrig 
 said of him to my Father Ward, which was this, John Rogers 
 will do more good with his wild Note, than we shall do with our 
 set Musick. Those that knew his manner of preaching, and 
 actings in preaching, well knew what the Bishop meant by the 
 wild Note; bnt it was very true, though such actions and 
 speeches in other men would have been ridiculous, yet in him, 
 being a man so holy, grave and reverend, they went off with 
 as much aw, upon a very great and reverent Auditory. 
 
 APPENDIX Y. 
 
 Biographical Sketch of Rev. Samuel Ward, B.D., 
 Town Preacher of Ipswich, England. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Ward, eldest son of Rev. John Ward, is said 
 to have been born at Haverhill, while his father was minister 
 there. 1 The inscription on his portrait represents him to have 
 been in his forty-third year, in 1620, consequently he was born 
 not far from 1577. 2 
 
 A poem called the "Worthies of Haverhill," written by Mr. 
 John Webb, thus introduces him : 
 
 11 Yet let not Science view this spot with scorn, 
 For here the learned, the accomplished Ward was horn ! 
 A zealous minister, a pious man ; 
 An humhle. persecuted Puritan ; 
 Who the mild fascinating art possessed, 
 To soften and subdue the hardened breast. 
 Though vain Philosophy such worth despise, 
 Yet he who ' winneth souls,' is truly wise." 3 
 
 Samuel Ward was admitted a scholar of St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, on Lady Margaret's foundation, on Lord Burghley's 
 
 1 Fuller's Worthies, vol. in, p. 186 ; Ryle's Memoir of S. Ward prefixed to his Ser- 
 mons and Treatises, p. vi. 
 
 2 Clarke's Ipswich, p. 344; Ryle's Memoir, p. xii. 
 
 3 Clarke's Ipswich, p. 343. 
 
136 APPENDIX. 
 
 nomination, November 6, 1594, and went out B.A. of that 
 house in 1596. He was appointed one of the first Fellows of 
 Sidney Sussex College, in 1599, commenced M.A., 1600, va- 
 cated his fellowship, in 1604, by marriage with Deborah 
 Bolton, of Isleham, Cambridgeshire, widow, and proceeded 
 B.D., 1607. 1 
 
 After finishing his studies at the university, " he became 
 lecturer at Haverhill, where his labors were eminently useful." 2 
 Bev. Mr. Byle quotes the following as an interesting example 
 of his success at Haverhill, from Clark's account of Rev. Samuel 
 Fairclough, a famous Puritan minister of Kedington in Suf- 
 folk : 
 
 " Grod was pleased to begin a work of grace in the heart of 
 Samuel Fairclough very early and betimes, by awakening his 
 conscience by the terror of the law, and by bestowing a sincere 
 repentance upon him thereby, and by working an effectual faith 
 in him; and all this was done by the ministry of the word 
 preached by Mr. Samuel Ward, then lecturer of Haverhill. 
 Mr. Ward had answered for him in baptism, and had always a 
 hearty love to him. Preaching one day on the conversion of 
 Zaccheus, and discoursing upon his four-fold restitution in 
 cases of rapine and extortion, Mr. Ward used that frequent 
 expression, that no man can expect pardon from Grod of the 
 wrong done to another's estate, except he make full restitution 
 to the wronged person, if it may possibly be done. This was 
 as a dart directed by the hand of Grod to the heart of young 
 Fairclough, who, together with one John Trigg, afterwards a 
 famous physician in London, had the very week before robbed 
 the orchard of one Goodman Jude of that town, and had filled 
 their pockets as well as their bellies with the fruit of a mellow 
 pear tree. 
 
 " At and after sermon, young Fairclough mourned much, and 
 had not any sleep all the night following j and, rising on the 
 
 1 C. H. and Thompson Cooper, of Cambridge, Eng\, in London Notes and Queries, 
 2d series, vol. xn, p. 426. 
 
 2 Brook's Puritans, vol. n, p. 452. 
 
APPENDIX- 137 
 
 Monday morning, he went to his companion Trigg and told him 
 that he was going to Groodman Jude's, to carry him twelve 
 pence by way of restitution for three pennyworth of pears of 
 which he had wronged him. Trigg, fearing that if the thing 
 were confessed to Jude, he would acquaint Robotham their 
 master therewith, and that corporal correction would follow, 
 did earnestly strive to divert the poor child from his purpose 
 of restitution. But Fairclough replied that God would not 
 pardon the sin except restitution were made. To which Trigg 
 answered thus : ' Thou talkest like a fool, Sam; Glod will for- 
 give us ten times, sooner than old Jude will forgive us once/ 
 But our Samuel was of another mind, and therefore he goes on 
 to Jude's house, and there told him his errand, and offered him 
 a shilling, which Jude refusing (though he declared his for- 
 giveness of the wrong), the youth's wound smarted so, that he 
 could get no rest till he went to his spiritual father, Mr. Ward, 
 and opened to him the whole state of his soul, both on account 
 of this particular sin and many others, and most especially the 
 sin of sins, the original sin and depravation of his nature. Mr. 
 Ward received him with great affection and tenderness, and 
 proved the good Samaritan to him, pouring wine and oil into 
 his wounds, answering all his questions, satisfying his fears, and 
 preaching Jesus to him so fully and effectually that he became 
 a true and sincere convert, and dedicated and devoted himself 
 to his Saviour and Redeemer all the days of his life after/' l 
 
 " I think it right to remark," adds Mr. Ryle, " that Clark, in 
 all probability, has erred in his dates in telling this story. He 
 says that Fairclough was born in 1594, and that the event he 
 has recorded took place when he was thirteen years old. 
 Now, in 1607, Ward had ceased to be lecturer of Haverhill. 
 Whether the explanation of this discrepancy is that Fairclough 
 was born before 1694, or that he was only nine years old when 
 he stole the pears, or that Ward was visiting at Haverhill in 
 1607 and preached during his visit, or that Fairclough was 
 
 1 Kyle's Memoir, pp. vii- viii. 
 
 18 
 
138 APPENDIX. 
 
 at school at Ipswich and not Haverhill, is a point that we have 
 no means of deciding." x 
 
 From Haverhill, Mr. Ward removed to Ipswich, having been 
 chosen by the corporation to the office of town preacher. Mr. 
 John Wodderspoon of Norwich, Eng., in his Memorials of Ips- 
 wich, gives the date of his election, Nov. 1, 1603 ; but this is 
 possibly a misprint for 1605. The tablet in the church of St. 
 Mary le Tower, makes his ministry at that church, commence 
 in the third year of the reign of James I, 2 which year began 
 March 24, 1604-5. Mr. Ward, himself, in his answer before 
 the high commission, Dec. 19, 1634, states that he had then 
 been a " preacher of and for the town of Ipswich for thirty years 
 last past or thereabouts." Mr. Wodderspoon's statement is : 
 
 " In the year 1603, on x\.ll-Saints' day, a man of considerable 
 eminence was elected as preacher, Mr. Samuel Ward. The 
 corporation appear to have treated him with great liberality, 
 appointing an hundred marks as his stipend, and also allowing 
 him £Q : 13 : 4, quarterly in addition, for house rent. 
 
 " The municipal authorities (possibly, because of obtaining so 
 able a divine) declare very minutely^the terms of Mr. Ward's 
 engagement. In his sickness or absence he is to provide for 
 the supply of a minister at the usual place three times a week, 
 ' as usual hath been.' ' He shall not be absent out of town 
 above forty days in one year, without leave; and if he shall take 
 a pastoral charge, his retainer by the corporation, is to be void. 
 The pension granted to him is not to be charged on the founda- 
 tion or hospital lands/ 
 
 " In the seventh year of James I. the corporation purchased a 
 house for the preacher, or rather for Mr. Ward. This house 
 was bought by the town contributing £120, and the rest of the 
 money was made up by free contributions, on the understanding 
 that, when Mr. Ward ceased to be preacher, the building was 
 to be resold, and the various sums collected returned to those 
 who contributed, as well as the money advanced by the corporation. 
 
 1 Kyle's Memoir, p. viii, note. 
 
 2 Clarke's Ipswich, p. 343. 
 
APPENDIX. 139 
 
 " In the eighth year of James I, the corporation increased the 
 salary of Mr. Ward to £90 per annum, ' on account of the 
 charges he is at by abiding here/ 
 
 " In the fourteenth year of James I, Mr. Samuel Ward's pen- 
 sion was increased from £90 to £100 yearly." 1 
 
 There is a letter in the Bodleian library at Oxford, written 
 by him November 29, 1620, to Sir Robert Crane, who was then, 
 it appears, a candidate for Ipswich. It contains nothing par- 
 ticularly interesting in relation to his history. He concludes by 
 tendering his service to Sir Robert and his lady. 2 A fac simile 
 of his autograph signature to this letter is annexed. 
 
 A caricature print against Spain and Rome, published in 1621, 
 caused him to be taken into custody, as will hereafter be seen. 
 His preaching also being of a puritanic character, he was 
 informed against according to Rev. Mr. Ryle, who adds : " After 
 a short period spent in negotiation, Mr. Ward was restrained 
 from officiating in his office. In 1623, August 6th, a record 
 appears in the town books, to the effect that ' a letter from the 
 king to inhibit Mr. Ward from preaching, is referred to the 
 council of the town.' " 3 
 
 It was probably about this time, or perhaps a few years later, 
 that Mr. Ward uttered his facetious saying upon Rev. John 
 Cotton, then of Boston, Lincolnshire : "Of all men in the 
 world, I envy Mr. Cotton of Boston the most, for he doth no- 
 thing in the way of conformity, and yet hath his liberty, and I 
 do everything that way and cannot enjoy mine." 4 
 
 1 Wodderspoon's Memorials of Ipswich, quoted by Kyle, p. ix. 
 
 2 Rev. T. W. Davids, quoting Tanner Manuscripts, ccxc, 37. 
 
 3 Ryle's Memoir, pp. ix - x. 
 
 4 Whiting's Memoir of Cotton in Hutchinson's Collection of Papers, pp. 246-7. 
 
140 APPENDIX. 
 
 Brook gives some additional particulars of his prosecution : 
 " He had," he says, " his foes as well as his friends, and was 
 prosecuted by Bishop Harsnet for nonconformity. In the year 
 1622, upon his prosecution in the consistory of Norwich, he 
 appealed from the bishop to the king, who committed the 
 articles exhibited against him to the examination of the Lord 
 Keeper Williams. The lord keeper reported that Mr. Ward 
 was not altogether blameless, but a man easily to be won by fair 
 dealing ; and persuaded Bishop Harsnet to take his submission, 
 and not remove him from Ipswich. The truth is, the lord 
 keeper found that Mr. Ward possessed so much candor, and 
 was so ready to promote the interests of the church, that he 
 could do no less than compound the troubles of so learned and 
 industrious a divine. 1 He was therefore released from the pro- 
 secution, and most probably continued for some time without 
 molestation, in the peaceable exercise of his ministry.- 
 
 Mr. Ryle, after quoting the above from Brook, remarks that 
 this writer might have " added a fact recorded by Hacket that 
 Ward was so good a friend of the Church of England that he 
 was the means of retaining several persons who were wavering 
 about conformity within the pale of the Episcopal communion." 3 
 
 In the British State Paper Office, there is a petition from 
 him presented May 31, 1622, that as his majesty had promised 
 to pardon his errors and restore him to his former liberties or 
 otherwise provide for him, he might be allowed to preach in 
 Ipswich meanwhile, or have his cause heard before the council. 1 
 
 Mr. Ward's enemies continued to annoy him for some years 
 after this. A friend 5 in England has sent us the following 
 copy of a letter from him to Secretary Conway, dated Oct. 19, 
 1626: 
 
 " Worthy Sir : Whoever informed my Lds. grace of wrong 
 done to him in y c pulpit at Ipswich, did y e Town a very ill 
 
 i Hacket' s Life of Archbishop Williams (ed. 1693), p. 95. 
 
 2 Brook's Puritans, vol. n, p. 453. 
 
 3 Kyle's Memoir, p. x. 
 
 4 Calendar of British State Papers, Domestic Series, 1619-23, p. 399. 
 
 5 Rev. T. W. Davids of Colchester. 
 
APPENDIX. 141 
 
 office & ray Lds. Grr e no very good one, in my poore opinion ; 
 for myne owne parte I know my hart ever wished all hon r & 
 happines unto him, & therefore my tongue could never lett fall 
 y e lest irrespecting word, in y e middest of vulgar rum 1 ' 8 . I ever 
 prayed hartily for his prosperity w h made me forbeare all 
 apologye hitherto, & now for myselfe ; only I confesse I have 
 heard some mutterings & privy whispering, wherew th1a11 I 
 acquainted M r . Nuttall, of a minister, a scholem 1 " rather, a man 
 of meane note & y e words so generall (as they came to my 
 eares) & I hould too unfitt a thing for a person of many degrees 
 my Lord's gr. inferiour, to take y e least notice of y e particular, 
 only some malevolent neighbour was willing to leave some 
 surmises & cast some aspersions ag r y e ministry in termes 
 indefinite, y l something might harme though little or nothing 
 did. But y e cause of my present writing was (not this where- 
 unto my penne hath runne) but to intreatyour favour & further- 
 ance in the behalf of this gentleman, Mr. Blasse y e bearer 
 hereof, so would yo v former love have made me to p'sume of yo r 
 readiness to gratify o r Town in any their reasonable suite for 
 w h I doubt not but they will be respectfully thankfull & I shall 
 rest ever more & more bounden to serve y° in the Lord 
 
 Sa. Ward." i 
 
 It has been supposed that he was the Mr. Ward, who with 
 Rev. John Yates of Norwich,' 2 informed against Rev. Richard 
 Montague, afterward successively Bishop of Chichester and Nor- 
 wich, for propagating the dangerous errors of Armenianism and 
 Popery in his New Gag for on Old Goose, charging him with 
 deserting the cause he had undertaken to defend. The arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, to whom the matter was referred by 
 parliament, gave an admonition to Montague, which caused him 
 to bring out his Appello Csesarem. 3 Several books were 
 
 1 Record office, Domestic Series, Charles I, xxxviii, 20. 
 
 2 Neal calls them, " Mr. Ward and Mr. Yates, two ministers at Ipswich."— History 
 of the Puritans, vol. in, p. 164. 
 
 3 Davids's Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 137. 
 
 Mr. Chester has sent us a copy of the title page of Montague's second hook, 
 
142 APPENDIX. 
 
 printed in reply to the Appello, the authors of which are given 
 by Rush worth, 1 Fuller,' 2 Neal 3 and Blomefield. 4 Kushworth 
 and Neal name a Mr. Ward among the authors, but Fuller and 
 Blomefield do not. Brook states that Rev. Samuel Ward was 
 " one of the most learned divines who wrote against Montague." 5 
 To end the controversy, a proclamation was issued January 17, 
 1638-9, suppressing Montague's books, and admonishing others 
 to cease their discussions. We are not quite satisfied that the 
 informer against Montague was the subject of this notice. The 
 earliest authorities that we have met with, only describes him 
 as Mr. Ward of the diocese of Norwich, and there were then 
 other clergymen of that name in this diocese, several of whom 
 resided in the city of Norwich. 
 
 For several years he appears to have lived in comparative 
 quiet; 7 but on the 4th of February, 1633 -4, less than a year 
 after his brother was deprived of his living of Stondon, a com- 
 plaint against him was made to the new archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, William Laud. The complainant, Henry Dade, was very 
 active against the Puritans, and Prynne reports that at one 
 time, 8 he excommunicated, in the name of the archbishop, the 
 churchwardens of St. Mary-le-Tower, for not blotting out, at his 
 command, this sentence : " It is written my house shall be called 
 a house of prayer to all people, but ye have made it a den of 
 thieves " — a text of Scripture, which, says the narrator, " is 
 recorded by two prophets and three evangelists. (Isa. 56, 7 ; 
 Jer. 7, 11 ; Mat. 2.1, 13 ; Mark 11, 17 ; Luke 19, 46)." y 
 
 " Appello Ccesarem, a iust Appealefrom Two UniUst Informers. By Ei chard Moun- 
 tague. London, Printed for Matthew Lownes. 1625." Mr. Chester could ascertain 
 from the book only that the informers were " Mr. Yates arid Mr. Ward.'" He could 
 find no reference to the parishes of which they were the incumbents. 
 
 1 Historical Collections, vol. i, p. 635. 
 
 2 Church History, book xi, p. 119. 
 
 3 History of the Puritans, vol. n, p. 191. 
 
 4 History of Norfolk, vol. m (London, 1806), p. 572. 
 
 5 Lives of the Puritans, vol. in, p. 454. 
 
 6 This proclamation is printed in Rymer's Fmdera, vol. xix, p. 26. 
 
 7 Eyle says, " after eleven years of comparative quiet, Ward was prosecuted." See 
 Memoir of Ward, p. x. 
 
 8 "In September last," says the book, which was published in 1636, but whether 
 before or after September, 1636, we do not know. 
 
 9 The Unbishoping of Timothy and Titus, p. 141. A curious pamphlet called 
 
APPENDIX. 143 
 
 Mr. Dade, in the letter to Laud, after stating that there were 
 then at Ipswich, from which place he was writing, two vessels 
 filled with passengers for this country, adds, " Mr. Ward, of 
 Ipswich, by preaching against the contents of the Book of Com- 
 mon Prayer, has caused this giddiness and desire to go to New 
 England." » 
 
 He was brought before the court of high commission No- 
 vember 13, 1634, when he took the oath to answer to the 
 articles and additionals, and was admonished to be examined 
 before the next day.' 2 The records of this tribunal preserved 
 in the state paper office, contain frequent references to this 
 case. 3 
 
 There were forty- three articles objected to him by the com- 
 missioners of Causes ecclesiastical. 4 In his answer, December 
 19, 1634, he states that he was " a minister in holy orders of 
 priesthood," and had been " preacher of or for the town of 
 Ipswich for thirty years last past or thereabouts." He defended 
 his views on the value and proper use of forms of prayer and of 
 " occasional or conceived prayers," and of extemporary preach- 
 ing. He asserted that he " always kneeleth or standeth when 
 he cometh before or in time of divine prayers, otherwise 
 attendeth on the public act in hand." He had always observed 
 the " holidays these thirty years without omission." He ex- 
 plains some language used by him in a sermon, as having had 
 allusion to " a vulgar, superstitious conceit" concerning Christ- 
 mas " that whosoever works on any of the twelve days shall be 
 lousy." He declared the Saviour to be present in the sacrament 
 of the Lord's supper, " spiritually and virtually and to faith 
 only." He had stated in relation to bowing to the east, that he 
 
 News from Ipswich, attributed to the same writer as this, William Prynne, has 
 a. slight mention of Mr. Ward, " but nothing to advance a knowledge of his biogra- 
 phy."— Notes and Queries, 2d series, vol. xn, p. 379. 
 
 1 Calendar of British State Papers, Colonial Series, 1574 - 1660, p. 174. 
 
 2 Ibid., Domestic Series, 1644- 5, p. 361. 
 
 3 November 13, November 20, November 27 and December 19, 1634 ; January 29 
 and February 12, 1634 -5 ; April 23, October 13, October 22, October 29, November 
 12 and November 26, 1635. 
 
 4 Calendar of British State Papers, Domestic Series, 1644-5, p. 361. 
 
144 APPENDIX. 
 
 knew no reason why divine adoration should be confined to one 
 part of the world or the church than another. He also seems 
 to have compared it to Cardinal Aldobrandini's ape. On the 
 propriety, under the circumstances of the country, of emigration 
 to New England, he had stated that " he was not of Tertullian's 
 rigid opir^on, but of our late learned Archbishop's milder judg- 
 ment concerning the lawfulness of flight in persecution ; yet 
 rather commended such as stayed in their native country and 
 mother church, which he thought and said to be the most 
 flourishing national kingdom and church in the world, not 
 knowing what Glod would incline and enable himself to do in 
 case of trial, if any should happen." At another time he had 
 said that " he was not of so melancholly a spirit, nor looked 
 through so black spectacles^as he that wrote that religion stands 
 on the tiptoes in this land looking westwards, nor feared their 
 fear that feared an imminent departure of the G-oepel." He 
 had also expressed some opinion in favor of the ancient right of 
 the churches to signify their assent to or acceptance of their 
 ministers. 1 
 
 Archbishop Laud, in his report to Charles I, January 2d> 
 1634 -5, states that the bishop of Norwich 2 " hath lately heard 
 complaint of Mr Warde of Ipswich, for some words uttered in 
 sermons of his, for which he is now called before the high com- 
 mission." 3 
 
 Additional articles against him were admitted February 12, 
 1634 - 5 ; 4 and, after the case had been several times brought 
 before the court, Henry Dade, before mentioned, commissary to 
 the archdeacon of Suffolk, petitioned October 21, 1635, for a 
 speedy decision of it. At the same meeting, Dr. Ryves, his 
 majesty's advocate, who was counsel for the office, moved the 
 court and alleged that Mr. Ward, by a former order of the 
 court, was assigned to put in his defense ; but the counsel of 
 
 1 Calendar of British State Papers, Domestic Series, 1634-5, pp. .361 - 2. 
 
 2 Richard Corbet was bishop of Norwich from April 7, 1602, to July 28, 1635. 
 
 3 Rymer's Foedera, vol. xix, p. 590. 
 
 4 Calendar of British State Papers, Domestic Series, in loco. 
 
APPENDIX. 145 
 
 Mr. Ward, alleging that they had two witnesses, John Sickle- 
 more 1 and Edward Morgan, whom they desired to be sworn, 
 and the court thinking this reasonable, the witnesses were 
 admitted and sworn, though objected to by Dade. 2 
 
 On the 29th of October, it being alleged that Mr. Ward had 
 procured copies of the evidence of the witnesses produced before 
 Mr. John Sicklemore, the elder, was examined, it was ordered 
 that Sicklemore's evidence should be suppressed. 
 
 A more full and perfect answer to the articles objected to 
 him, was presented November 12, and a fortnight afterwards, 
 November 26, 1635, his cause was decided. The court con- 
 sidered the following charges against him to be proved, namely : 
 that in 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633 and 1634, Mr. Ward in some of 
 his sermons, preached against set forms of prayer, saying that it 
 was a confining of the spirit and would trouble a man to carry a 
 Portassi for all occasions ; that particularly on St. Thomas's day, 
 1635, he spoke against the forms for the visitation of the sick 
 in that book, and said that they were more fit for popish times, 
 for they first came from popery ; that he was not in the habit 
 of kneeling or shewing any sign cf devotion when he came into 
 his seat or pew in the church } that he preached disgracefully 
 against bowing and other reverend gestures in the church, 
 saying that a man may teach an ape or a bear to do it, that in 
 November, 1633, he preached doubtfully concerning Christ's 
 descent into hell ; that, in 1630, he spoke disgracefully of a 
 reverend bishop, and concerning the real presence in the sacra- 
 menf ; that he uttered speeches derogatory to the discipline and 
 government of the church; that he insinuated that there was 
 cause to fear a change of religion in the kingdom ; that, in Octo- 
 ber, 1634, he delivered the opinion that all who bear office in 
 the church or commonwealth ought to be elected by the people ; 
 that he spoke disgracefully of conformity to his Majesty's in- 
 structions concerning preaching and conformity; and that he 
 
 1 A John Sicklemore was M. P. for Harwich in Richard Cromwell's first parlia- 
 ment. See Davids 1 s Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 321 . 
 
 2 Extract from British State Papers, furnished by Rev. T. W. Davids. 
 
 18 
 
146 APPENDIX. 
 
 preached by way of opposition to his majesty's declaration con- 
 cerning recreations to be permitted on Sundays. All of this, 
 partly out of the confessions, and partly out of the depositions, 
 the court considered to be proved. l 
 
 By sentence of the court, he was removed from his lecture- 
 ship, and suspended from the exercise of his ministerial func- 
 tions, and every part thereof, as well there as elsewhere ; 
 condemned to stand suspended and silenced until his Majesty's 
 pleasure ; ordered to make public submission and recantation 
 with acknowledgment of equivocation in his answers ; con- 
 demned in costs of suit to be taxed next court day ; and ordered 
 to find bail in £200, that he will do all this/ 2 
 
 The state paper office contains the form of submission en- 
 joined upon him ; and also another form, probably one offered 
 by Mr. Ward himself, in which he acknowledges that as things 
 stood testified against him, the proceedings were just, and sub- 
 mits himself to censure 3 
 
 William Prynne states that he was imprisoned at this time. 
 Concerning his treatment by Laud, that writer says : 
 
 " Mr. Samuel Ward of Ipswich, a most reverend, orthodox 
 and learned Minister of speciall eminency, was by this Arch- 
 bishop meanes on the 26 of Novemb. 1635 (as appeares by the 
 High Commission Records), censured in the High Commission 
 at Lambeth ; and there suspended from his Lecture and Minis- 
 try, and every part thereof till absolved by his Majesty, enjoined 
 a publike submission and recantation, such as the High Commis- 
 sioners should prescribe, condemned in expences and costs of 
 suite, and committed to prison 3 For preaching in some of his 
 Sermons at Ipswich, against Bowing at the name of Iesus, the 
 Booke of Sports on the Lord's day, and saying, that the Church 
 of England was ready to ring the Changes, and insinuating 
 into the Auditory, that there was cause to fear an Alteration of 
 Religion ; saying that Religion and the Gospel stood on tiptoes 
 
 1 Extracts from British State Papers, furnished by Rev. T. "W. Davids. 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 3 Calendar of British State Papers, Domestic Series, 1634, p. 613. 
 
APPENDIX. 147 
 
 ready to be gone ; l that divers of good Ministers were silenced, 
 and that they should beware of a relapse into Popery. In this 
 censure the Archbishop had the chiefest hand, as was proved 
 by the High Commission Bookes, and Mr. Ward's Submission, 
 which was drawn up by Sir Iohn Lambe and sent to this 
 Archbishop, who endorsed it with his owne hand. This severe 
 sentence utterly ruined this famous painfull preacher who lay 
 long in prison, and soone after ended his dayes in great grief 
 and sorrow." 2 
 
 Brook remarks upon this : " It is observed that upon the 
 censure of Mr. Ward, the Bishop of Norwich would have allowed 
 his people another minister : but they would have Mr. Ward 
 or none." 3 
 
 How long he remained in prison is uu certain ; but it was 
 probably less than two years. The place of his imprisonment 
 was the Gate-house, 4 Westminster, within the walls of which, 
 Sir Walter Raleigh spent the last night of his existence. 5 
 Here he probably wrote the Magnetis Heductorium Theologicum 
 Tropologicum, which was dedicated to Charles I, and published 
 in 1637 5 6 it is certain, at least, that a portion of that work 
 was written here, for the last chapter, which is in verse, was 
 translated by John Vicars, and published on a broadside, in 
 1649, and this is stated in the title to have been composed in 
 the Gate-house. 7 
 
 Rev. Mr. Brook, confounding him with another clergyman of 
 the same surname, says, that after his release, he fled from the 
 storm and became the colleague of Rev. William Bridge at 
 
 1 It will be seen by bis answer, December 19, 1(334, that Mr. Ward only quoted 
 tbis opinion to dissent from it. Tbe saying bas been attributed by some American 
 authors to Rev. Nathaniel Ward. 
 
 2 Prynne's Canterburies Doome, p. 361. 
 
 3 Brook's Lives of the Puritans, vol. n, p. 453, citing Rushworth , s Collections, vol. 
 ii, p. 301, and Wharton's Troubles of Laud, vol. i, p. 541. 
 
 4 Broadside in British Museum, noticed below. 
 
 5 Wright's Continuation of Allen's Histoid and Antiquities of London, p. 265. 
 
 6 See New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xx, p. 255, for an 
 account of this work by J. H. Sheppard, A.M. 
 
 7 See New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xxi, p, 77, for some 
 remarks on this broadside. 
 
148 APPENDIX. 
 
 Kotterdam. 1 But Mr. Bridge's colleague, was Rev. John 
 Warde,* 2 who had preached at Norwich before his removal to 
 Holland, 3 but had returned as early as 1640, and was pastor of 
 a church at Colchester. 4 It is not improbable, however, that 
 Samuel Ward may have retired to Holland for a short time, as 
 a person with both his names, on the removal of Isaac Forterie 
 of Utrecht, to England, June 29, ]637, was chosen minister of 
 the British church there. 5 The person chosen did not accept 
 the office, however. If Mr. Ward left England, after his 
 release from prison, he probably returned to his native country 
 as early as 1638.° 
 
 Mr. Kyle, on the authority of Mr. Wodderspoon, states that, 
 " in April, 1638, he purchased the house provided for him by the 
 town, for £140, repaying the contributors the sum contributed 
 by them." 7 
 
 On the 15th of September, 1639, he sent the following sub- 
 mission to the archbishop : 
 
 " Whereas I, Samuel Ward, Clerk, have been heretofore 
 convented & questioned before y r hble. court for sundry speeches 
 w h I was charged to have uttered in y e pulpitt in my sermons, 
 w ch are deduced into articles ag l me, whereupo sundry wit- 
 nesses were p'duced & examined ; & I therefore was admitted 
 to my defence, & in a due & legal manner & way, & after a full 
 & deliberate hearing, was pronounced guilty of sundry of y ni 
 & suspencio 11 from y c execution of my ministerial Functio s was 
 therefore sentenced ag 1 me ) I do freely, without compulsio 11 & 
 
 1 Lives of the Puritans, vol. h, p, 453. Brook gives an account of the difficulty 
 between Rev. Messrs. Bridge and Warde. See also Kyle's Memoir of 8. Ward, p. 
 xi ; Hetherington's History of the Westminster Assembly, p. 311, and Edwards's 
 Antapologia, passim. 
 
 2 Davids' s Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 529. 
 
 3 Edwards's Antapologia, p. 142. 
 
 4 Davids' s Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 329, 374. Rev. Mr. 
 Davids finds this entry in the register of St. Botolph's church, Colchester : " Mr. 
 John Ward, buried 12 May, 1644." This is, perhaps, the person mentioned in the 
 text. 
 
 5 Rev. Mr. Davids, quoting the appendix to Stephens's History of the Scottish 
 Church at Rotterdam (Edinburgh, 1832), p. 339. 
 
 6 Ryle's Memoir, p. xi. 
 ? Ibid. 
 
APPENDIX. 149 
 
 truly acknowledge (whatever my speech & mean'ge were), that 
 as things stand, witnessed, & testified in Court ag 1 . me; y e pro- 
 ceedings of y 1 ' hble. court, as also y e sentence concluded ag 1 me 
 were just : & y l I am heartily sorry j x my said speeches were 
 offensive to y m or any other • y* I am one y l doe study & pray 
 for ye peace of the Church of Engl'd, my true mother in Xt ; 
 & will ever to the utterm't of my poor ability & power to per- 
 ceive & promote y e same ; avoid'g & eschew' g whatsoever may 
 in any wise tend to y e disturbance thereof. 
 
 Sa. Ward." ] 
 
 Rev. Mr. Davids, who furnished to us the preceding submis- 
 sion, adds that he learns from a collection of extracts from the 
 proceedings of the court of high commission, that the commis- 
 sary who was employed against Ward could not get his money 
 (£50) from Mottered, although Ward had paid it into his 
 hands ; and the commissary had to petition that he might get it. 
 Laud ordered Mottered to give an account of himself. 
 
 The next month after his submission, October, 1639, 2 he 
 made his will, and a few months after was gathered to his rest, 
 having been buried in St. Mary le Tower, Ipswich, March 8, 
 1639— 40. 3 Mr. Ryle gives an extract from a rare volume, 
 printed in 1653, called, The Tombstone; or a Notice and Imper- 
 fect Monument of that worthy man, Mr. John Carter, Pastor of 
 Bramford and Belstead, in Suffolk, to show the high esteem in 
 which Ward was held in the neighborhood of Ipswich : 
 
 "In the afternoon, February 4, 1634, at my father's inter- 
 ring, there was a great confluence of people from all parts 
 thereabout, ministers and others, taking up the word of Joash, 
 King of Israel, ' my father ! my father ! the chariots of 
 Israel and the horsemen thereof ! ' Old Mr. Samuel Ward, 
 that famous divine, and the glory of Ipsioich, came to the 
 funeral, brought a mourning gown with him, and offered very 
 
 1 Tanner Manuscripts in Bodleian Library, cccclx, 41. 
 
 2 See abstract, post. 
 
 3 Eyle's Memoir, p. xii. 
 
150 APPENDIX. 
 
 respectfully to preach the funeral sermon, seeing that such a • 
 congregation was gathered together, and upon such an occa- 
 sion. But my sister and I durst not give way to it j for our 
 father had often charged us in his lifetime, and upon his bless- 
 ing, that no service should be at his burial. For, said he, ' it 
 will give occasion to speak some good things of me that I 
 deserve not, and so false things will be uttered in this pulpit/ 
 Mr. Ward rested satisfied, and did forbear. But the next 
 Friday, at Ipswich, he turned his whole lecture into a funeral 
 sermon for my father, in which he did lament and honour him, 
 to the great satisfaction of the whole auditory." 
 
 Fuller, in his Worthies of England, speaking of his settle- 
 ment as town preacher, says : '•' He was preferred minister in or 
 rather of Ipswich, having a care over and a love from all the 
 parishes in that populous place. Indeed he had a magnetic 
 virtue (as if he had learned it of the loadstone, in whose quali- 
 ties he was so knowing), to attract people's affections." T . . . He 
 also informs us that he was " an excellent artist, linguist, divine 
 and preacher. He had a sanctified fancy, dextrous in design- 
 ing expressive pictures, representing much matter in a little 
 model." 2 
 
 Rev. Nathaniel Rogers records as note-worthy concerning him 
 that he was in the habit of carrying about with him " his notes 
 of the Life of Faith, with this title of Antoninus: tcl sis 
 SfjoauTov ; " :J a fact which he himself states in the dedication of 
 that work. 
 
 Several of his books have emblematic designs. These were 
 probably drawn by him, as Fuller calls him an artist, and speaks 
 of his " designing expressive pictures." The most deserving 
 of notice, is that on the title page of his Woe to Drunkards, 
 which consists of a leg in armor, and a mailed arm, the hand 
 grasping a lance ; between them an open book with the motto, 
 " Thus of Ould; " beneath which is a leg decorated with bows 
 
 1 Fuller's Worthies, vol. in, p. 186. 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 3 Manuscript Commonplace Boole. 
 
APPENDIX. 151 
 
 and ribbons, and an arm dressed in fashionable attire holding a 
 drinking cup and a pipe with smoke issuing from it, and 
 between them cards and dice, with a motto, " Thus now." At the 
 bottom are the reversed words, " Sftj^j, " "SH3NYH O" 
 The devices on the title pages of the 1618 edition of Balm 
 from Gilead, and the 1627 edition of Christ All in All, and 
 the frontispiece of both editions of Magnetis Reductorium, &c, 
 are also ingenious and expressive. 
 
 A satirical print is referred to in 1861, in the London Notes 
 and Queries. 1 This print which was published in the reign 
 of James I, is entitled, Spayne and Rome Defeated, and has 
 in the corner these words, " Invented by Samuel Ward, Preacher 
 of Ipswich." 
 
 John Bruce, Esq., in an article on The Caricatures of Samuel 
 Ward, published in a late number of the same periodical (Janu- 
 ary 4, 1868), expresses the opinion that this was the only occa- 
 sion on which Mr. Ward exercised his satirical talent upon a 
 subject that may be termed political. He describes the print 
 as representing " the Pope and his Council in the centre of the 
 picture, and beneath on one side the Armada, and on the other 
 the Gunpowder Treason." This description, Mr. Bruce gathers 
 from Notes and Queries and elsewhere. " The print," says 
 he, " was published in 1621, when Gondomar was in England 
 as Spanish ambassador. He complained of it as insulting to 
 his master ; and Ward, whose name was engraved upon the 
 print as the designer, was therefore sent for by a messenger. 
 After examination by the council, he was remitted to the cus- 
 tody of the messenger. I have lately seen," continues Mr. 
 Bruce, " two petitions of his, presented while he remained in 
 custody, which have relation to this affair, and have never, I 
 believe, been published. One of them gives some additional 
 particulars respecting the history of his caricature, and both 
 seem worthy of a place in Notes and Queries. The first was 
 addressed to the council, apparently very shortly after Ward 
 
 1 Notes and Queries, 2d series, vol. xn, pp. 392, 440. 
 
152 APPENDIX. 
 
 had been before them, and whilst he seems to have expected 
 that there would be some proceedings against him in the Star- 
 chamber : 
 
 " ' To the Right honorable the Lords of his Majesties most honor- 
 able Privy Couneell. 
 
 " ' The humble Petition of Samuell Warde. 
 
 " ' Whereas hee was charged with three Articles before your 
 Lordships, whereunto hee hopeth hee hath given a satisfactorie 
 answere, and doth in all things most humbly submit himselfe 
 to your Lordships. 
 
 " ' Hee doth in all submissive manner beseech your Lord- 
 ships that he may be discharged from legall and expensive 
 proceedings, and dismissed to the attendance of his charge, 
 promising to be more cautelous for the future, and ever to pray 
 to God/ &c. 
 
 " It was probably intimated to him in reply to this petition, 
 that he had given special offence to his majesty, who deemed 
 the publication of the caricature to be an endeavour to excite in 
 the country an anti-Spanish feeling, and thus to thwart the 
 royal policy, which at that time aimed at alliance and union 
 with Spain. Ward then addressed King James in the follow- 
 ing words : 
 
 " ' To the Kings most excellent Majesty. 
 
 " ' The Humble petition of Samuel Ward, committed for pub- 
 lishing the picture of '88 and November the 5th. 
 
 " ' Humblie shewing that this embleme was by him composed, 
 the english verses excepted, and some other addicion of the 
 Printers, five yeeres since, in imitacion of auntient rights, 
 gratefully preserving the memories of extraordinarie favors and 
 deliverances in Coins, Arches, and such like monuments, sent 
 nigh a yeere since to the printers, coupling the two grand 
 blessings of G-od to this nation, which Divines daylie ioyne in 
 their thanksgivings publique, without anie other sinister inten- 
 cion, especiallie of meddling in any of your Majesties secrett 
 
APPENDIX. 153 
 
 affaires : of which, at the tyme of publishing, your petitioner 
 was altogether ignorant, and yet heares nothing but by uncer- 
 taine reportes. As hee lookes for mercie of God and to bee per- 
 taker of your Royall clemency. 
 
 " ' May it therefore please your most excellent Majesty to 
 accept of this declaration of your petitioners sincerity, and 
 after his close and chargable restraint, to restore him againe to 
 the exercise of his funccion, wherein your peticioner, as for- 
 merlie, will most faithfully and fervently recommend both your 
 person and intencions to the speciall direccion and blessing of 
 the King of Kings/ 
 
 " The soft-hearted monarch," adds Mr. Bruce, " was probably 
 mollified by this appeal. Ward was released, and returned to 
 Ipswich." l 
 
 A year or two afterwards, Mr. Ward had the satisfaction of 
 seeing the Spanish match broken off, and Prince Charles return" 
 from his romantic journey to Spain, an event which he cele- 
 brated by a sermon at Manningtree in Essex, October 9, 1623, 
 four days after the prince's arrival in England. This sermon, 
 which he entitled, A Peace Offering to God, was printed and 
 dedicated to the king, whose clemency he had invoked in the 
 above petition. 
 
 Two portraits of him are preserved. The first is an oil 
 painting, three-quarter length,' 2 representing him with ruff, 
 peaked beard and mustaches ; and an open book in his right 
 hand. On one side is a coast beacon lighted ; and the picture 
 has this inscription : " Watche Warde. JEtatis suae 43, 1620." 3 
 In 1853, it was in the possession of Mr. Raw, a retired book- 
 seller, 4 and in 1861, in that of W. P. Hunt, Esq., solicitor, of 
 Ipswich. 5 
 
 The other portrait is a delicate drawing, in water colors, 
 
 1 Notes and Queries, 4th series, vol. i, pp. 1-2. 
 
 2 John Wodderspoon, in Notes and Queries, 2d series, vol. xh, p. 379. 
 
 3 Clark's Ipswich, p. 344. 
 
 4 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xvm, p. 274. See also 
 Clark's Ipswich, p. 344; and John Wodderspoon in Notes and Queries, ubi supra. 
 
 5 John Wodderspooti in Notes and Queries, ubi supra. 
 
 20 
 
154 APPENDIX. 
 
 in excellent preservation. 1 Mr. John Wodderspoon of Nor- 
 wich, Eng., author of the Memorials of Ipswich^ formerly 
 owned it: 9 It afterwards belonged to Mr. W. S. Fitch, of 
 Ipswich, 3 after whose death, Mr. Wodderspoon thinks it passed 
 with his extensive collection of local portraits, into the posses- 
 sion of the West Suffolk Archaeological Society and is pre- 
 served in the Athenaeum at Bury St. Edmunds. 4 
 
 There is a monument to his memory in the church of St. 
 Mary le Tower, where he preached so many years ; and a stone 
 laid in his lifetime in the middle aisle, bears these words : 
 
 " Watch Warde, yet a little while, and he that shall come, 
 will come." 5 
 
 Mr. Chester has found the will of Rev. Samuel Ward, at 
 Doctors' Commons, and has furnished us with the following 
 abstract : 
 
 Samuell Warde the elder, of Ipswich, co. Suffolk, clerk — 
 dated 19 Oct. 1639 — appt. my 2 sons Nathaniel and Joseph 
 my Exors. and bequeath to them " all my books, all my 
 loadstones, shells, papers, pictures and mappes," to be equally 
 divided between them ; also " all that money which doth belonge 
 to mee uppon the howse where now I dwell scittuate in Ipswich 
 aforesaid (which money was given by many Gentlemen and 
 Townesmen my friends) to be equally divided between them & 
 their heirs forever," " also all my lands & houses in Brickelsea, 
 both free and copy-hold," to be equally divided between them, 
 on condition that they pay to my wife Deborah & my eldest son 
 Samuel Warde, each £20 per an. for their lives — to my mother 
 40s. pr. an. for life, to be pd. to her at her now dwelling house 
 in Wethersfield — to my dau. Deborah my watch "and my 
 faire English Bible, printed Anno 1633" — bedding, bed- 
 steads & sundry household stuff to my Daughter Abigail after 
 my wife's decease — my plate & wearing clothes to my sd. son 
 
 1 Notes and Queries, 2d series, vol. xn, p. 311. 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 311. 
 
 3 Ibid. 
 
 4 Ibid., p. 379. 
 
 5 Clarke's Ipswich^ p. 343. 
 
APPENDIX. 155 
 
 Nathaniel — " my G-reek Testament of Robert Stephens printe 
 to my brother John Ward" — my best gloves to my son Robert 
 Bolton — a G-reek Testament to my son John Bolton — 20s. to 
 my maid Margaret & 10s. to my servant John Boggas — to 
 poor of pars. St. Mary Tower & St. Mary Key in Ipswich, each 
 20s. — to Mr. Robert Knappe "my auntient friend," a pair of 
 gloves, or a book of 5s. value. 
 
 Signed in presence of Thomasine Willis. 
 Proved 24 Apl. 1640, by sd. sons and executors, Nathaniel 
 and Joseph Ward. The latter is said to have made the neces- 
 sary oath, &c, on the 20th March, preceding. 1 
 
 Doddridge, in his Lectures on Preaching, in giving the cha- 
 racters of some of the principal practical writers among the 
 Puritans, expresses a high opinion of the writings of Mr. Ward, 
 observing that they are " worthy to be read through. His 
 language," he continues, " is generally proper, elegant and 
 nervous. His thoughts are well digested, and happily illus- 
 trated. He has many remarkable veins of wit. Many of the 
 boldest figures of speech are to be found in him beyond any 
 English writer ; especially apostrophes, prosopopaeias, dialogu- 
 isms and allegories. There is indeed a mixture of fancy in 
 his writings ; but pardonable, considering his youth, and that 
 many of his sermons were not prepared by him for the press, 
 but copied from his mouth while preaching. He died before 
 he was twenty-eight years old. Had he lived he would pro- 
 bably have been the phoenix of British preachers." 2 
 
 The statement that he was under twenty-eight when he died, 
 is far from correct, for he lived till he was upwards of sixty. He 
 had too, an opportunity, even in the sermons that were printed 
 without his knowledge, to correct them before he died ; as, 
 during his lifetime, they all passed to at least a second edition, 
 and one was reprinted several times. 
 
 1 C. P. C, Coventry 47. 
 
 2 Works of Eev. P. Doddridge, D.D. (Leeds, 1S02^4), vol. v, pp. 429-30. What 
 is printed of the Lectures on Preaching, professes to be " only a pretty full Syllabus 
 of what the author more or less enlarged upon." 
 
156 APPENDIX. 
 
 Mr. Ryle, after giving Doddridge's opinion of Ward's literary 
 merits, adds : " This praise may, at first sight, appear extrava- 
 gant. T shall, however, be disappointed if those who take the 
 trouble to read Ward's writings, do not think it well deserved." 1 
 The same author gives his own opinion of Mr. Ward as a 
 writer, in these words : 
 
 " The doctrine of Ward's sermons is always thoroughly evan- 
 gelical. He never falls into the extravagant language about 
 repentance, which disfigures the writings of some of the Puri- 
 tans. He never wearies us with the long supra-scriptural, 
 systematic statements of theology, which darken the pages of 
 others. He is always to the point, always about the main 
 things in divinity, and generally sticks to his text. To exalt 
 the Lord Jesus Christ as high as possible, to cast down man's 
 pride, to expose the sinfulness of sin, to spread out broadly and 
 fully the remedy of the gospel, to awaken the unconverted sin- 
 ner and alarm him, to build up the true Christian and comfort 
 him — these seem to have been objects which Ward proposed 
 to himself in every sermon. And was he not right ? Well 
 would it be for the Churches if we had more preachers like 
 him! 
 
 " The style of Ward's sermons is always eminently simple. 
 Singularly rich in illustration — bringing every day life to bear 
 continually on his subject — pressing into his Master's service 
 the whole circle of human learning — borrowing figures and 
 similes from every thing in creation — not afraid to use fami- 
 liar language such as all could understand — framing his 
 sentences in such a way that an ignorant man could easily 
 follow him — bold, direct, fiery, dramatic, and speaking as if 
 he feared none but Grod, he was just the man to arrest atten- 
 tion, and to keep it when arrested, to set men thinking, and to 
 make them anxious to hear him again. Quaint he is undoubt- 
 edly in many of his sayings. But he preached in an age when 
 all were quaint, and his quaintness probably struck no one as 
 
 1 Ryle's Memoi?\ p. xiv 
 
APPENDIX. 157 
 
 remarkable. Faulty in taste he is no doubt. But there never 
 was the popular preacher against whom the same charge was 
 not laid. His faults, however, were as nothing compared to 
 his excellencies. Once more I say, Well would it be for the 
 churches if we had more preachers like him ! 
 
 " The language of Ward's sermons ought not to be passed over 
 without remark. I venture to say that, in few writings of the 
 seventeenth century, will there be found so many curious, old- 
 fashioned, and forcible words as in Ward's sermons. Some of 
 these words are unhappily obsolete and untelligible to the 
 multitude, to the grievous loss of English literature. Many 
 of them will require explanatory foot-notes, in order to make 
 them understood by the majority of readers." 1 
 
 John H. Sheppard, A.M., librarian of the New England 
 Historic-Genealogical Society, in comparing the author's Mag- 
 netic Reductorium with his Collection of Sermons, thus writes : 
 " A peculiar diction, a rich vein of thought, an exuberance of 
 tropes and figures, especially a fondness for spiritualizing 
 things earthly and evanescent, characterize each work." 2 
 
 We have been unable to ascertain when Rev. Samuel Ward's 
 first book was printed. From the preface to his Balme from 
 G He ad, which was preached as a sermon, October 20, 1616, 
 " at Pauls-Crosse," it would seem that this work was put to 
 press soon, after its delivery ; and the 1618 edition of his Coale 
 from the Altar is called the third. 
 
 The books themselves show that several of them were ori- 
 ginally printed without the author's consent. Ambrose Wood 
 states this of the Coale from the Altar, in an apology to the 
 author prefixed to that work ; Thomas G-atacre states it of 
 Balme from Gilead in its preface ; and Nathaniel Ward, of 
 Jethro's Justice of Peace, in a postscript to his brother. Mr. 
 John Wodderspoon. of Norwich, Eng., author of Memorials of 
 Ipswich, in a communication to Notes and Queries, November 
 9, 1861, states that a later work by Rev. Samuel Ward, namely, 
 
 1 Kyle's Memoir, p. xv. 
 
 2 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xx, p. 259. 
 
158 APPENDIX. 
 
 " A Peace Offering to God, a thanksgiving sermon on Prince 
 Charles's return, preached October 9, 1623, was originally pub- 
 lished by his brother Nathaniel." 1 
 
 The following is as complete a list of his publications as we 
 have been able to obtain : 
 
 1. U A Coale from the Altar to Jcindle the holy fire of Zeale. 
 In a Sermon preached at a generall Visitation at Ipswich. By 
 Sam. Ward, Bach, of Diuinity. The third Edition corrected 
 and amended, ©so) xai ufjuv." The rest of the title page is torn 
 off. The date is probably 1618. Pp. lu. and 81. Prefixed 
 is an apology to the author, signed "Ambrose Wood." 
 
 A volume containing this and the two following works, with 
 no general title page and each work separately paged, is in the 
 library of the Massachusetts Historical Society. A similar 
 volume formerly belonged to the American Antiquarian Society, 
 but is now lost. 
 
 The fifth edition has the same title as far as the author's 
 name, then : " By Sam. Ward, Preacher of Ipswich. The fift 
 edition corrected and amended, ©sw xai Ojxjv, [emblematic de- 
 vice]. London, printed by Miles Flesher for Iohn Grismand in 
 Ivie Lane at the signe of the Gain. 1627." Pp. 10?<. and 86. 
 
 2. " Balme from Gilead To Recouer Conscience. In a 
 Sermon Preached at Pauls-Crosse, Octob. 20, 1616. By 
 Samuel Ward Bach, of Diuinitie and Preacher of Ipswich. 
 [Emblematic device.] Printed at London, by T. S., for Boger 
 Iackson and William Bladen, and are to be sold neare the Con- 
 duit in Fleet-street, and at the signe of the Bible at the great 
 North-doore of Pauls. 1618." Pp. Qu. and 85. A preface iC To 
 the Reader," signed, " Thomas Gatacre." 
 
 A later edition has the same title as far as the device, which 
 is changed, then : " London, Printed by Gr. M. for William 
 Sheffard. 1628." Pp. 8m. and 85. 
 
 3. u lethro , s Ivstice of Peace. A Sermon preached at a ge- 
 nerall Assises held at Bvry St. Edmunds for the Countie of 
 
 Notes and Queries, 2d series, vol. xn, p, 379. 
 
APPENDIX. 159 
 
 Suffolke. By Samuel Ward, Batchelour of Diuinitie. Lon- 
 don, Printed by Edw. Griffin for Iohn Marriot and are to bee 
 sold at his shop, at the signe of the white Flower-de-luce neere 
 Fetter-lane end in Fleet-street. 1618." Pp. 4u. and 72. This 
 contains a dedication to Sir Francis Bacon, and, at the end, 
 an epistle to '' my louing Brother, M r Samuel Ward," both 
 signed, " Nath. Ward." 
 
 A later edition has the same title except the imprint, which 
 is : " London, Printed by Miles Flesher for Iohn G-rismand in 
 Ivie Lane at the signe of the Gun. 1627. Pp. Qu and 72. 
 
 4. Christ All in All. Pp. 8u and 45. A curious emblem- 
 atic title page with no imprint on it. At the foot of p. 45 is 
 this : " London, Printed by Miles Flesher for Iohn G-rismand, 
 at the signe of the Gun, in Ivie Lane. 1627." Dedicated, 
 "To the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, lesus Christ;" 
 unsigned. 
 
 5. " The Life of Faith. By Samvel Ward, Preacher of Ips- 
 wich, London. Printed by Miles Flesher for Iohn Grismand, 
 in Ivie Lane at the signe of the Gun. 1627." Pp. 12w and 
 110. Dedicated by " Samuel Ward " to " Thomas Earle of Suf- 
 folke." 
 
 6. The Life of Faith in Death. Exemplified in the liuing 
 Speeches of Dying Christians. By Samvel Ward, Preacher of 
 Ipswich. London, Printed by Miles Flesher for Iohn Gris- 
 mand, in Ivie Lane, at the signe of the Gun. 1627." Pp. 6u 
 126. Dedicated " To his Deare and Loving Mother;" signed, 
 " Sa: Ward." 
 
 7. li A Peace Offering to God. For the blessing we enioy 
 vnder his Maiesties reigne with Thanksgiuing for the Prince's 
 safe returne on Sunday, the 5. of October 1623. In a Sermon 
 preached at Manitree in Essex on Thursday the 9. of October, 
 next after his Highnesse happy arriuall. By Samvel Ward of 
 Ipswich. London, Printed for Iohn Grismond." No date ; 
 pp. Su and 55. Dedicated, " To The Kings Most Sacred Ma- 
 iestie; " signed, " Sam. Ward." 
 
 8. " Woe to Drvnkards. A Sermon by Samvel Ward, 
 
160 APPENDIX. 
 
 Preacher of Ipswich. [Emblematic device.] London, Printed 
 by A. Math for lohn Marriott and Iohn Grismand, and are to 
 be sold at their Shops in St. Dunston's Churchyard, and in 
 Pauls Alley at the Signe of the Gunne. 1624." Pp. 51. 
 
 A later edition has the same title except the imprint, which 
 is : " London, Printed for Iohn Grismand. 1627." Pp. 53. 
 
 9. " The Happiness of Practice. By Samvel Ward, Bachelor 
 in Diuinitie and Preacher of Ipswich. London, Printed by 
 Miles Flesher for John Grismand in Ivie Lane at the signe of 
 the Gun. 1627." Pp. 6m and 49. A dedication "To the 
 Worshipfvll, the Bailifes Bvrgers and Commonaltie of the 
 Towne of Ipswich," signed " Samuel Ward." In it he says : 
 " One halfe of the Scriptures I haue handled among you." At 
 the end of the work is, "A Postscript" of two pages signed, 
 "Sa. Ward." 
 
 The preceding nine works are all in small octavo. 
 
 10. A Collection of svch Sermons and Treatises as haue 
 beene written and published By M r Samvel Ward, Preacher of 
 Ipswich, Are here gathered into one Volume. The Titles 
 whereof are in the next page following. London, Printed by 
 M. F. for lohn Grismand, and are to bee sold at his shop in 
 Ivie Lane, at the Signe of the Gun. 1627." 
 
 The next leaf contains the titles of the preceding nine works 
 in this order : 1. Christ is All in All ; 2. The Life of Faith ; 3. 
 
 The Life of Faith in Death; 4. A Coal from the Altar ; 5. 
 Balm from Gilead; 6. Jethro' s Justice of Peace ; 7. A Peace 
 
 Offering to God; 8. Woe to Drunkards ; 9. The happiness of 
 Practice. This is a collection of separate publications appa- 
 rently printed at different times. It contains all the preceding 
 works, namely, the 1628 edition of No. 2, the edition without 
 date of No. 7, and the 1627 editions of the others. 
 
 A volume was published nine years afterwards with the 
 same title, except that u Bachelor of Divinity and " is inserted 
 after the author's name, and the imprint is changed to, 
 " London, Printed for John Grismond and are to sold in Ivie 
 Lane at the Signe of the Gunne, 1636." It is an 8vo, with 
 
APPENDIX. 161 
 
 " a curious wood engraved frontispiece," and is noticed in the 
 London Notes and Queries, October 19, 1861, 2d series, xii, 
 311, contains the same works arranged in the same order. 
 
 The volume was again reprinted in a. modern octavo, a few 
 years ago. under the the title ; " Sermons and Treatises by 
 Samuel Ward, B. D., Sidney Sussex Col. Cambridge; Preacher 
 of Ipswich. With Memoir by the Rev. J. 0. Ryle, B. A., 
 Christ Church, Oxford; Vicar of Stradbroke, Suffolk. (Re- 
 printed from the Edition of 1636). Edinburgh : James Nichol ; 
 London : James Nisbet and Co. ; Dublin : W. Robertson, 
 
 M.DCCC.LXII." 
 
 10. " Magnetis Redvctorium Tlielogicvm Tropologicum. In 
 quo ejus novVs verVs et sVpreMVs VsVs InDICatVr. Si 
 sileat homines lapides tua facta loquetur Saxaqg dura virum 
 ferrea corda trahent. Londini, Impensis, A.M., 1637." Small 
 8vo, pp. 162. 
 
 The capitals in Nbvus verus, etc., form a chronogram of the 
 year of publication, 1637. The verses of the title contains a 
 license to print signed, " Tho. Wykes, R.P., Ep. Lond. Cap. 
 Doruest.," and dated June 5, 1637. There is a preface, signed, 
 ' : S. W.," and a dedication to King Charles, signed, " S. Ward." 
 The book has an emblematic frontispiece. The authorship of it 
 has been conjecturally attributed 1 to Rev. Samuel Ward, D.D., 
 Master of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge ; but it is satisfac- 
 torily proved to have been written by the subject of this notice. 2 
 
 An edition somewhat enlarged, small 8vo, pp. 166, with the 
 same title, except the imprint, was published two years after. 
 The imprint is : " Londini, Typis I. L. Impensis Ph. Stephani 
 & Ch. Meredith, sub aureo Leone in Coemeterio Paulino, 
 m.dc. xxxix." The chronogramatic date, 1637, on the title 
 page, and the license on its verso, are retained in this edition. 
 
 We find in Lowndes's Bibliographer s Manual, the title of a 
 work which we suppose to be by him, viz : " The Wonders of 
 the Loadstone, by Samuel Ward, 1640." Perhaps it is an 
 English translation of the preceding work. 
 
 1 Ryle's Memoir, p. ix, note. 
 
 2 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xxi. p. Ti. 
 
 21 
 
162 APPENDIX. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Davids has sent us the following title of a folio 
 broadside, dated August 3, 1649, in the British Museum : " A 
 most elegant and Religious Rapture, composed by Mr. Samuel 
 Ward (that sometime famous and pious minister at Ipswich), 
 during his Episcopall Imprisonment in the Gate-House, and 
 by him dedicated to Charles I. Now most exactly Englished 
 by John Vicars." This is a translation of the last chapter of 
 the Magnetis Reductorium Theologicum, etc. 
 
 The Latin original and English translation are printed in 
 parallel columns. On the same sheet is another poem from 
 that work, entitled, Votum Magneticum, with a translation, 
 printed like the preceding, in parallel columns. 
 
 APPENDIX VI. 
 
 Biographical Notice of Rev. John Ward, Rector of 
 
 St. Clement's, Ipswich. 
 
 Rev. John Ward was the youngest son ] of Rev. John Ward 
 of Haverhill and Bury St. Edmunds. He was born about 
 1594, ~ four years before his father's death. He was instituted 
 as rector 3 of Dennington, in Suffolk, June 29, 1624, being then 
 A.M., 4 on the death of Robert Wright, the successor of William 
 Falke. 5 He had previously been licensed to preach throughout 
 the diocese. 6 He continued to sign the town book, till 1636, and 
 was ejected, on pretence of simony, January 14, 1638. 7 " One 
 
 1 Will of Rev. John Ward of Haverhill, see Appendix II. 
 
 2 Inscription at St. Clement's Church, Ipswich. 
 
 There was a John Ward of Christ's Church College, Cambridge, who took the 
 degree of A.B. in 1609 ; hut unless there is an error in the inscription above referred 
 to, he was probably not the subject of this notice. 
 
 3 Candler. 
 
 4 Extracts from Episcopal Register at Norwich, furnished by Rev. T. W. Davids. 
 
 5 Prelections upon the Sacred and Holy Revelations, written in Latin, by Dr. Wil- 
 liam Falke, translated by George Gyfford of Maiden, were published in 8vo, in 
 London, 1573. Davids's Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in Essex, p. 118. 
 
 6 Extracts from Episcopal Register at Norivich. 
 
 7 Rev. T. W. Davids, quoting Davy's Collections for the County of Suffolk, in the 
 British Museum, Additional Manuscripts, 19,091. 
 
APPENDIX. 163 
 
 of the charges against Archbishop Laud, on his Trial in 1643, 
 was that he procured a presentation of a living from the king, 
 whereof Mr. Ward was incumbent, under pretence that it 
 had lapsed to the crown by simony j and that after sentence 
 had passed against Mr. Ward in the Ecclesiastical Court, His 
 grace sent to the Bishop of Norwich to admit the King's Clerk, 
 and that a Ne admittas being obtained, a letter was sent by the 
 High Commission to the Judges to revoke it, and that after- 
 wards upon a Tryal at law in quare impedit the- King was found 
 to have no right." J 
 
 According to Candler, Mr. Ward was, after leaving Denning- 
 ton, " a Preacher in Bury, and lastly Hector of St. Clement's 
 parish in Ipswich." ~ The date of his removal to Ipswich, we 
 have not learned ; but it was before March 26, 1645, when he 
 preached before the house of commons. 3 He was then a 
 member of the Westminster assembly, 4 being one of the " su- 
 peradded divines" of that body, 3 in which he "gave constant 
 attendance." G • 
 
 He preached a sermon before the house of commons, March 26, 
 1645, and one before the house of lords, the 22d of the following 
 July, both of which were printed. A copy of the former is in 
 the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Its title is : 
 
 " God Judging among the Gods, Opened in a Sermon before 
 the Honovrable Hovse of Commons, Assembled in Parliament 
 upon the Solemn day of Monethly Fast, March 26, 1645. By 
 Iohn Ward, Minister of the Gospel in Ipswich, and a Member 
 
 of the Assembly of Divines. Psal. 22, 28. The Kingdom 
 
 Nations. Published by Order of that House. London, Printed 
 by I. L., for Christopher Meridith, at the Crane in Pauls church- 
 yard, 1645." 4to, pp. 60. 
 
 1 Eev. Mr. Davids, from Davy's Suffolk Collections, quoting Trials far High Trea- 
 son, London, 8vo, 1720, i, 307. 
 
 2 Tanner Manuscripts, ISO in Bodleian library, Oxford, copied by Mr. Chester. 
 
 3 Title page of God Judging among the Gods. 
 
 4 Ibid. 
 
 5 Hethermgton's Histonj of the Westminster Assembly of Divines (New York, 
 1843), p. 98 ; NeaFs Puritans, vol. in, p. 80. 
 deal's Puritans, vol. m, pp. 77 and SO. 
 
164 APPENDIX. 
 
 We find this abstract of the title of the other sermon : 
 
 " Ward, John. Thanksgiving Sermon before the House of 
 Lords, July 22, 1645, on account of the success of the Parlia- 
 ment Forces of the West. 4to, London." 
 
 Rev. Mr. Davids furnishes us with this title of a sermon by 
 John Ward : " The good will of him that dwelt in the Bush, 
 a discourse to the Long Parliament, 1645/' Perhaps it is the 
 same as the preceding sermon to the lords, July 22, 1645. 
 
 The following extract from a manuscript collection relating to 
 Suffolk, during the commonwealth period, is printed in Willis's 
 Current Notes for October , 1856, page 86 : 
 
 '•' St. Clements, Ipswich. — The present rector is Mr. John 
 Ward, brother of Mr. Samuel Ward, sometime there Tower 
 [Town] preacher. He married Lydia, sister of John Acton, 
 Esq., of Bramford, Gent. His estate as minister of St. Clements, 
 by his wife, his owne lands and otherwise, viis et modis, is 
 thought worth 400/. per annum." 
 
 I The same work quotes " a later edition," as follows : " There 
 is since a handsome monument of alabaster against the walls, 
 set up by Thomas Essington, Esq., and Anne, his wife, to pre- 
 serve the memory of John Ward, minister there. 
 
 M*e gni 
 
 Conditur in isto Sacrario quod exuerat mortale 
 
 JOHANNIS WARD, , 
 
 ipso cognomine laudatus quod et prsestitit 
 
 inter fratres symmystas (^ovg' itahai fxa^apirag-) 
 
 nasi natu, haud csetera postremus. Qui cum pastorali 
 
 munere hoc loci supra vicennium, Simul 
 
 functus est fato, April 18° an» 1661, set. 67. 
 
 Kai 81 avlrjg- ck^avwv §'<n XoLksTrui Heb. 11. 
 
 juxti et positi 
 
 Cineres piissimae (quam prsemiserat bienni 
 
 fere spatio) conjugis Lydise feminse ut 
 
 familia amplissima, ita se magis spectatse 
 
 Ex cruce Flores. 
 
 Arms : Niger, a Maltese cross or." 
 
APPENDIX. 165 
 
 APPENDIX VII. 
 
 Verses on Prince Rupert's Shoes. 
 
 [From England's Worthies, 1684, by William Winstanley, pp. 649-50.] 
 
 One who had formerly been a servant to her highness 
 [Elizabeth of Bohemia], travelling to Prague in Bohemia, to 
 present his service to his Royal Mistress, thus writes of him : 
 Moreover then I saw (and had in my arms) the King and 
 Queen's youngest Son, Prince Rupert, who was born here the 
 16 of December last (he reckons a day sooner than our account), 
 a goodly child as ever I saw of that age, whom with the rest I 
 pray Glod to bless, to his glory and his Parents joy and 
 comfort. 
 
 There for a token I did think it meet, 
 
 To take the Shooes from off this Princes Feet : 
 
 I do not say I stole, but I did take, 
 
 And whilest I live, He keep them for his sake : 
 
 Long may his Grace live to be styl'd a Man, 
 
 And then lie steal his Boots too, if I can. 
 
 The Shooes were upright Shooes, and so was he 
 
 That wore them, from all harm upright and free ; 
 
 He us'd them for their use, and not for pride ; 
 
 He never wrong'd thern, or ere trod aside. 
 
 Lambskin they were, as white as Innocence, 
 
 (True patterns for the footsteps of a Prince), 
 
 And time will come (as I do hope in God) 
 
 He that in Childhood with these Shooes was shod, 
 
 Shall with his manly Feet once trample down 
 
 All Antichristian foes to his renown. 
 
 [The above is not in the 1660 edition.] 
 
166 APPENDIX. 
 
 APPENDIX VIII. 
 Lines on the Wards,, by Edward Johnson. 
 
 [From the Wonder Working Providence, pp. 67 and 197.] 
 1. On Rev. Nathaniel Ward of Ipswich. 
 
 Thou ancient Sage come Ward among 
 
 Christ's folke, take part in this great worke of his 
 Why do'st thou stand and gaze about so long ; 
 
 Do'st war in jest, why, Christ in earnest is, 
 And hath thee arai'd with weapons for that end, 
 
 To wound and heale his enemies submitting, 
 Not carnally, then to his worke attend : 
 
 Thou hast prevail'd the hearts of many hitting. 
 Although the Presbytery unpleasant jar, 
 
 And errors daily in their braines new coyne : 
 Despayer not, Christs truth they shall not mar ; 
 
 But with his helpe such drosse from Gold refine. 
 What Man do'st meane to lay thy Trumpet downe ? 
 
 Because thy son like Warrier is become, 
 Hold out or sure less bright will be thy crowne, 
 
 Till death Christs servants labour is not done. 
 
 2. On Rev. John Ward of Haverhill. 
 
 With mind resolv'd run out thy race at length, 
 
 Young Ward begin whereas thy father left, 
 Left hath he not, but breaths for further strength 
 
 Nor thou, nor he, are yet of hope bereft : 
 Fruit of thy labours thou shalt see so much, 
 
 The righteous shall hear of it, and rejoyce. 
 When Babel falls by Christ's almighty touch, 
 
 All's folk shall praise him with a cheerful voice. 
 They prosper shall that Sions building mind, 
 
 Then Ward cease not with toyl her stones to lay, 
 For great is he thee to this work assign'd, 
 
 Whose pleasure is, heavens Crown shall be thy pay. 
 
APPENDIX. 167 
 
 APPENDIX IX. 
 Deed of Rev. Nathaniel Ward to John Eaton. 
 
 [Prom Pulsifer's edition of the Simple Cobbler.] 
 
 November 25° i646. 
 
 (£his p r sent writing wittnesseth that I, Nathaniel Ward of 
 Ipswich in New England have bargained & sould to John 
 Eaton of Salsbury Coo^p all the land ground meadow & 
 Comonage w th their apptincs which I have or ought to have 
 at this p r sent Day in Haverhill or Pentuckett in New Eng- 
 land t0 t\CLVC anb to Jjolc the said p r misses to the said John 
 Eaton his heires & assignes paying for the same vnto the 
 said Nathaniel Ward his executo 13 administr* or assignes 
 the full sume of twelve pounds of wheate & pipe-staves 
 six pounds worth of one & six pounds worth of the other 
 to be deliu'ed to m r Richard Russell or Maior Sedgwick at 
 Charles Towne before the end of September Next ensuyino- 
 the Dat hereof; such as shalbe good & merchantable at the 
 currant price at that tyme & place 
 
 Jtt toittttesse Whereof I have set to my hand & seale. 
 
 Nath Ward 
 Wittnes 
 Thomas Howlett 
 
 Edman Bridges 
 
168 APPENDIX. 
 
 APPENDIX X. 
 
 Titles op Rev. Nathaniel Ward's Publications With 
 Bibliographical Notes. 
 
 1. Works known to be by Mr. Ward. 
 
 The | Simple Colder \ of | Aggavvam in America. | Wil- 
 ling To help 'mend his Native Country, la | mentably tattered, 
 both in the upper-Leather j and sole, with all the honest stitches 
 he can take. | And as willing never to bee paid for his work, | 
 by Old English wonted pay. | It is his Trade to patch all the 
 year long, gratis. | Therefore T pray Gentlemen keep back your 
 purses. | — | By Theodore de la Guard. | — \ In rebus arduis 
 ac tenui spe, fortissima quseque consilia tutissima sunt. ClC. | 
 In English. I 
 
 When bootes and shoes are torne up to the lefts, 
 Coblers must thrust their awles up to the hefts, 
 This is no time to feare Apelles gramm : 
 Ne sutor quidem ultra crepidam. 
 
 | — | London, | Printed by John Dever & Robert Ibbitson 
 for Stephen Bowtell, at the j signe of the Bible in Popes Head- 
 Alley, 1647. 
 
 The first edition, of which the above is a copy of the title page, is 
 a foolscap quarto, and contains 80 pages. • 
 
 The second edition is of the same size as the first, and contains the 
 same number of pages. It has the same title page, the size of type 
 and arrangement being the same in both, except the last two lines 
 which read : 
 
 " Printed by J. D. & E,. I., for Stephen Bowtell at the signe of the | 
 Bible in Popes Head-Alley, 1647 ; " initials being substituted for the 
 full names of the printers, thereby making a change in the division of 
 the lines necessary. 
 
 Other changes are made in the book. A different head-piece is used 
 on the unpaged leaf, following the title, containing the address, " To 
 the | Reader ; " and the heading of page 1, which in the first edition 
 reads : The | Simple Cooler \ of \ Aggavvam in America, in this reads : 
 
APPENDIX. 169 
 
 Sutor | ultra crepidam. This heading is retained in all the subse- 
 quent London editions, and in all the American editions except Mr. 
 Pulsifer's. 
 
 A paragraph is added on page 8, and marginal notes on pages 11 
 and 43. Seven verses, styled by the author, " Hobnailes," which, in 
 the first edition close the work, are in this edition transposed and 
 placed before the "Errata at non Corrigenda." Other additions and 
 corrections of more or less importance, are made in various parts of 
 the book. Similar corrections are scattered through the later London 
 editions, but only the larger ones will be noted. 
 
 The third edition is of the same size and number of pages as the 
 first and second. The title page agrees with the second, except, 1, in 
 in the fourth line " Aggavvam " is spelled " Aggavvamm ; " 2. the rule 
 between the twelfth and thirteenth lines is omitted ; and 3, after the 
 thirteenth line which gives the pseudonym of the author, this line is 
 inserted : " The Third Edition with some Additions." 
 
 The principal changes in the body of the work, are the addition of 
 two paragraphs commencing on page 11, and one paragraph on page 28. 
 
 Th.^ fourth edition has the same title page as the third, except the 
 fourteenth line which reads : " The Fourth Edition with some Amend- 
 ments." It is a cap 4to, like the previous edition, but is enlarged to 
 89 pages. 
 
 Three paragraphs are added in this edition on page 12, three para- 
 graphs on pages 29 - 30, a marginal note on page 63, and two para- 
 graphs on pages 63 - 4. Three articles also are added, following the 
 article headed, " A Word to Ireland," namely, " A word of Love," etc. ; 
 " A most humble heel-piece," etc. ; and " A respective Word," etc. 
 
 These four editions are all that are known to have been published 
 during the author's life-time ; and no subsequent edition has probably 
 been printed in England. We have given the requisite information 
 to distinguish the different editions where the copies are perfect. 
 Copies, however, may be in existence, where the beginning has been 
 lost. In such cases, by turning to page 31, the edition may be ascer- 
 tained ; as in the first edition that page commences, " compasse of my 
 consideration ; " in the second edition, it commences, " Foure meanes 
 there are ; " in the third it begins, " over the Sea ; " and in the fourth 
 it begins, " sand of the Trade." 
 
 The j Simple Cohler | of | Aggawam in America ] willing | 
 To help Mend his Native Country, | lamentably tattered both in 
 the upper | Leather and sole, with all the honest | stitches he 
 
 22 
 
170 APPENDIX. 
 
 can take. | And as willing never to be paid for his | work in 
 
 Old English wonted pay. | It is his Trade to patch all the year 
 
 long, gratis. | Therefore I I Pray Gentlemen keep your Purses. 
 
 | — | By Theodore de la Guard. | — | The Fifth Edition, 
 
 with some Amendments. | — | In rebus fortissimo | quse- 
 
 que sunt. ClC. | In English | When lefts | Coblers 
 
 , hefts | This ...... gramm | Ne crepidam. \ — | 
 
 London, Printed by J. D. and R. I. Reprinted at | Boston in 
 N. England for Daniel Henchman, at his | Shop in King street, 
 1733. 
 
 This is a reprint of the fourth London edition, changing the edition 
 and imprint on the title page, and adding, at the end of the book, a 
 poetical " Postscript," signed " Jerome Bellamie." We have not found 
 this postscript in any of the editions known to be published during 
 the author's lifetime. The book is a cap 8vo, of 100 pages. 
 
 It is the first American edition that we have met with ; though Rev. 
 Alexander Young, in his Chronicles of Massachusetts, p. 113, states 
 that there was an edition printed in Boston, in 1686 ; or more than a 
 quarter of a century previous. We think this must be a mistake ; for 
 no book collector that we have consulted has seen such an edition, or 
 met with any other reference to it. 
 
 The | Simple Cooler j of \ Aggaivam in America. | By | 
 Rev. Nathaniel Ward. | — | Edited by David Pulsifer | — | 
 Boston: | James Munroe and Company. | 1843. | Medium 12mo, 
 pp. vi and 96. 
 
 This edition is a reprint of the 1713 edition, collated with a copy of 
 the first edition belonging to the Salem Athenaeum, and a copy of the 
 second edition, belonging to Mr. Drake. The title page reprinted, is 
 that of the second edition. 
 
 Mr. Pulsifer has since become better known to historical students, as 
 editor of the Plymouth Colony Records, published by the common- 
 wealth of Massachusetts. To this edition of the Simple Cooler, he has 
 added a " Notice of the Author," four pages ; a bibliographical "Note," 
 one page ; and an " Appendix," four pages. 
 
 In 1866, Mr. Pulsifer, having a number of copies of this edition 
 remaining on hand, unsold, canceled the title page containing his 
 own name as editor, and substituted in its place, a title page, printed 
 
APPENDIX. 171 
 
 in old style type, which, was a verbatim copy of that of the second 
 edition. 
 
 The next edition appeared in 1844, in Force's Collection of Historical 
 Tracts, vol. in ; and is a medium 8vo, of 58 pages. It is a reprint of 
 the Boston edition of 1713. In the title page, lines six to eleven, are 
 divided differently ; and the imprint is : " London : Printed by J. D. 
 and R. I., for Stephen Bowtell, at | the Sign of the Bible in Popes 
 Head Alley, 1647. Re- | printed at Boston in N. England, for Daniel 
 Henchman | at his Shop in King Street, 1713 ; " otherwise the title 
 page is an enlarged copy of that in the 1713 edition. Perhaps the 
 imprint of the 1713 edition was not uniform. 
 
 A Sermon | Preached | Before the Honourable House | of | 
 Commons | At their late Monethly Fast, being on | Wednesday 
 June 30, 1647. | — | By Nathaniel Ward Minister of Gods 
 Word. |^| — | London, | Printed by U. I., for Stephen 
 Bowtell at the signe | of the Bible in Popes-head Alley, | 
 1647. Foolscap 4to. 
 
 On the verso of the title is an address headed, " The Bookseller to 
 the Reader," signed " Thine, S. B.," stating that the sermon was 
 printed without the knowledge or consent of the author, to prevent 
 the printing of false copies which were understood to be abroad. 
 Then follows "A | Letter | To some Friends," 4 pp. without pagination, 
 signed " Nath. Ward," which letter accompanied the copy furnished 
 his friends ; after which is the sermon itself, pp. 1 to 27. 
 
 The copy of this tract among the king's pamphlets in the British 
 Museum, Mr. Chester informs us, has no manuscript date. There is a 
 copy of a later edition (1649) in the New York State Library, at Albany. 
 We have not compared the two editions together, but Henry A. Homes, 
 Esq., of that library, has compared the 1649 edition with memoranda of 
 the 1647 edition which we furnished. The two editions seem to agree in 
 matter and paging. Mr. Homes writes of the Albany copy, that " the 
 title-page is identical in form of arrangement with that of the edition 
 of 1647, except that after ' Bowtell,' follows : ' and William | Bishop 
 at the signe of the Bible in Popes- | head Alley, MDCIL." The tract 
 was evidently reset, and not a reissue of the former edition, as the half 
 title on page 1, in this edition gives the date of the Sermon, " Wed. 
 June 30, 1648," whereas in the former edition it is given correctly, 
 " Wednesday, June 30, 1647." 
 
 " A Sermon at a Fast, by Mr. JSfath. Ward," is found in a list of 
 "Books printed, and are to be sold by Adoniram Byfield, at the Bible 
 in Popes-head Alley, near Lumbard street," appended to " Moses his 
 
172 APPENDIX. 
 
 Death ; a Sermon at the Funeral Sermon of Mr. Edward Bright, M.A., 
 by Samuel Jacombe, M.A. London, Adoniram Byfield, 1657." We 
 presume this is the work whose title is given above. 
 
 A Religious Retreat | Sounded | to a Religious Army. | By 
 one that desires to be faithful to | his Country, though un- 
 worthy | to be named | Bonus Civis initia belli Civilis invitus \ 
 suscipit, extrema non libenter perse \ quitur. ClC. | — | @ | — 
 | London, Printed for Stephen Bowtell, at the Bible in | Popes- 
 head Alley. 1647. Foolscap 4to, pp. 13. 
 
 A copy of this which formerly belonged to Samuel Gr. Drake, Esq., 
 of Boston, contained the Latin autograph of Rev. Dr. Increase Mather, 
 " Crescentius Matherus, 1657, Dublin." On the title page, Rev. Dr. 
 Mather had written, " Nath. Ward, Author." 
 
 A copy, also, belongs to the Prince library. On the verso of the 
 title of this copy, are the following remarks in the well known auto- 
 graph of Rev. Thomas Prince : 
 
 " For ye author of this — It seems to be N. Ward. 
 
 "1. y e Principles seem to be like His, as expressed in his Serm. bef. 
 ye Parliamt & Simple Cobler. 
 
 "2. y e style & manner of expression are like his as in yes two 
 pamphlets. 
 
 " 3. y e year of Publishing & ye Bookseller are ye same with ye other 
 two. 
 
 " 4. y e marked places in ye Reply to Mr. Peters 's Answr to this 
 seem plainly to point out Mr. Ward, p. 3, 7, 10, 26, 27, 28, 29." 
 
 As Mr. Mather assigns the work to Mr. Ward without qualifi- 
 cation, we see no reason to doubt its being his. The marked passages 
 in the reply to Mr. Peters, above referred to, will be given under the 
 title of that work. Mr. Thomason's manuscript date on this pamphlet 
 is, "Aug. 27," 1647. 
 
 " To the | High and Honourable | Parliament | of | Eng- 
 land | Now Assembled at | Westminster | The Humble Peti- 
 tions, Serious Suggesti- | ons, and dutifull Expostulations of 
 some | moderate and loyall Gentlemen, Yeomen | and Free- 
 holders of the Easterne Association. | These Petitions &c. had 
 been formally presen- | ted to the Parliament, but for the reasons 
 rendred at the latter end. | London, | Printed for Ralph 
 
APPENDIX. 173 
 
 Smith at the sign of the Bible in | Cornhill neer the Royal 
 Exchange. 1648." Foolscap 4to, pp. 31. 
 
 There is copy of this work in the Prince library. On the verso of 
 the title is the memorandum in the handwriting of Rev. Thomas 
 Prince : " TMs seems to be ye style of Mr. N. Ward." A copy is also 
 among the king's pamphlets in the British Museum, which Mr. Chester 
 informs us has written on the title page, " in the unmistakable chiro- 
 graphy of that time, these words, ' By ye Cobler of Agauame: Mr Ward. 
 I presume," Mr. Chester adds, " the writing is Mr. Thomason's." The 
 manuscript date is " May 5." 
 
 " Discolliminium, | or, | A most obedient Reply to a late 
 Book, [ Called, | Bounds & Bonds, J So farre as concerns the 
 first Demurrer | and no further, | or rather | a Reply to Bounds 
 onely, | Leaving Bonds to the ■ second Demurrer and | Grand 
 Casuist. | — | By B : | — | Psal. 40. 4 | Blessed is that man 
 that maketh the Lord his trust and respecteth not | the proud 
 nor such as turn aside to lyes. | London : | Printed in the 
 Yeere, 1650/' 
 
 This is the only one of the books which we know of being attributed 
 to Mr. Ward, that we have never seen. The above copy of the title 
 page has been made for us by Mr. Chester, frorn the copy in the Thoma- 
 son collection in the British Museum. After " By B : " in this copy, is 
 inserted in the handwriting of the time, "Mr. Ward y e Cobler of 
 Aguame." The editor of Notes and Queries, who would be likely to 
 know, calls it the handwriting of George Thomason, the collector. The 
 manuscript date is " Aprill 23." The book is a small 4to, of 54 pages, 
 and is dated at the end, " From my Chamber, Feb. 15, 1649." 
 
 2. Works attributed to Nathaniel Ward. 
 
 A Word to Mr. Peters, | and | Two Words for the Parlia- 
 ment I and Kingdom, I or I An Answer to a Scandalous Pam- I 
 phlet, entituled, A Word for the Arrnie, | and two Words to 
 the Kingdom : | subscribed by Hugh Peters | wherein | The 
 Authority of Parliament is infringed, | the fundamentall Laws 
 of the Land subverted ; | the famous city of London Blemished ; 
 and all | the godly Ministers of the City scandalised, j In Vin- 
 dication of all which, this small Treatise | is published. | — | 
 By a friend to the Parliament, City, and Ministery of it. | — | 
 
174 ' APPENDIX. 
 
 Prov. 18, 17. | He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; 
 but his neighbour | comes and searcheth him. | — | London, | 
 Printed by Fr : Neile for Tho : Underhill at the Signe of the 
 | Bible in Woodstreet. 1647." Foolscap 4to, pp. 38. 
 
 Mr. Tliomason's manuscript date on this tract is, " Nov. 9." A copy 
 of this work is in the Prince library, where there is also a copy of Mr. 
 Peters's work to which it is a reply, and which bears this title : 
 
 A Word for the | Armie | and two words to tlie | Kingdome | To 
 Cleare the One | And Cure the other | Forced in much plainesse 
 and bre | vity from their faitlifull servant | — | Hugh Peters. | 
 — | Nunc properandus et acri \ Eigendus sine fine rota | — | 
 London, | Printed by M. Simmons for Giles Calvert at the 
 black | Spread Eagle at the West end of Pauls. 1647. Small 
 4to, pp. 24. 
 
 Rev. Joseph B. Felt, in the New England Historical and Genealogi- 
 cal Register, vol. v, p. 286, and the Ecclesiastical History of New Eng- 
 land, vol. i, p. 599, attributes " A Word to Mr. Peters," to Nathaniel 
 Ward. Prince furnishes us no information or conjecture, about the 
 authorship of this book ; but he has marked several passages, which 
 have a bearing upon that of the Religious Retreat, and which he refers 
 to in his memoranda in that work ; namely : 
 
 " All that I shall say to you is this, that it would better become you 
 to return to your Flock in New England, to see what cure your sheep 
 want, from whom you have been so long absent, rather than to try 
 your raw and heady experiments on a languishing State, which you 
 will sooner kill then cure ; but, alas, what hope have I, that you will 
 return to undertake the Cure of souls there ? I am sensible (so are you 
 too) that Church cures in New England are not ' so gainfull as State- 
 Cures in Old, they cannot give you hundreds at a time and 200£. per 
 annum." — Page 3. 
 
 Mr. Peters 
 
 p. 4 1. 19 
 
 Ans. I. 
 
 " Another Pedantick sounds a Retreat, who being name- 
 lesse will not endure a Charge, the marrow of his Divinity 
 none obedience. 
 
 " I observe you do with the Retreaters words as the Devill did with 
 Scripture, leave out a chief part thereof ; it was a Religious Retreat, yet 
 the word Religious must not drop from your Pen, as if you thought 
 him not Religious that chargeth any of you to be disobedient. 
 
 "2. But why do you call him a Pedantick ? is it because his poverty 
 makes him go on foot, when you in pomp can ride on horseback ? doth 
 this make you Vapour over your poore Brother ? Well he is such a 
 
APPENDIX. 175 
 
 Pedantick that will never lacquey it after your designes, nor hold 
 the styrrop whiles you endeavour to get into the sadle of Promotion." — 
 page 7. 
 
 " I confesse you call to mind, Iohn of Ley den's practice (in whose 
 saddle Master Ward tells you that Army sits), then 'tis not a new piece 
 of disobedience." — p. 15. 
 
 " Certainly you owe the Eetreater some old grudge ; you mention 
 Gangrama himself but once, but the Retreater thrice ; his book and his 
 Sermon sticks in your Stomach." — p. 26. 
 
 " Yea Mr. Ward in a Sermon before the House of Commons did deal 
 plainly with you," etc. — p. 27. 
 
 " How can you call him [the Retreater] a stranger to his own Prin- 
 ciples also ? did he hold anything in New England, which he doth not 
 in Old? "—p. 28. 
 
 " How can you say that his whole course is but a trade of Retreat- 
 ing ? hath he not been a valiant champion in fighting under Christs 
 banners against Popery, Heresie, and Prophanenesse, and not to this 
 day left his Colours 1 But if you brand him with retreating, because 
 he retreated from New England into Old, I know then who hath 
 made a trade of Retreating ; such a trade hath brought you in more 
 gains in Old England in one year, then you could have gotten in Neio 
 England in seven." — pp. 28 and 29. 
 
 The | Pulpit | Incendiary : | or, | The Divinity and Devotion 
 of Mr. Calarny, | Mr. Case, Mr. Cauton, Mr. Cranford, and 
 other Sion- | Colledge Preachers in their Morning-Exercises, I 
 with the keen and angry Application thereof unto | the Parlia- 
 ment and Army. | Together | with a true Vindication of the 
 Covenant from the | false Grlosses put upon it, and a plain indi- 
 cation | of covenant breakers. | Micah 3. 5. 6. Thus saith the 
 Lord concerning the Prophets that make my people to erre, I 
 that bite with their teeth and cry peace ; and he that putteth 
 not into | their mouthes they even prepare warre against him • 
 therefore shall | night be unto you, that you shall not have a 
 vision ; and it shall be darke | unto you, that you shall not 
 divine ; and the Sun shall go down over the | Prophets, and 
 the day shall be dark over them : then shall the Seers be a- | 
 shamed and the Diviners confounded, yea they shall all cover 
 their lips, [ for there shall be no answer of Grod. | Verse 10. I 
 They build up Zion with blood and Jerusalem with iniquity, 
 
176 APPENDIX. 
 
 the Priests | thereof teach for hire, the Prophets thereof divine 
 for money ; yet will they J lean upon the Lord, and say, Is not 
 the Lord amongst us ? none evill | shall come upon us. | — | 
 Published according to Order. | — J Printed by C. S. in the 
 yeare 1648. Foolscap 4to, pp. 62. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Felt thinks it probable that this work was written by Mr. 
 Ward. See Ecclesiastical History of New England, vol. i, p. 599. 
 
 The manuscript date on the copy among the king's pamphlets in the 
 British Museum, is " May 4." 
 
 Mecurius Anti-mechanicus, | or the | Simple Coblers [ Boy. 
 | With his Lap-full of Caveats (or Take | heeds) Documents, 
 Advertisements and Prse j monitions to all his honest fellow- 
 trades | men-Preachers but more especially j a dozen of them, 
 in or about | the city of London. [ — | 
 
 But if these things continue so, | 
 Poore Scholler whether wilt thou go ? | 
 Thy Sciences are childrens knacks, | 
 Logical Art's a Nose of Wax. | 
 
 The Russet coats do now defie thee, | 
 
 Alas, the buckram Swaines out- vie thee. — 
 
 To Preach, lo, they have Toleration, | 
 
 And they do scorne thine Ordination ; | 
 
 O learned slug, take notice of thy guides | 
 
 They work six dayes and yet they Preach besides. | 
 
 Hw nugce in seria ducent. Hon. | 
 
 Fumo proximo, flamma. 
 
 | — I By Theodore de la G-uarden. | — | London, Printed 
 for John Walker, at the sign of the Starre in | Popes-head 
 alley. 1648. Pot 4to. 
 
 The verso of the title is blank. Then follows " The Epistle Dedica- 
 tory," 6 pages unnumbered, addressed " To his cunning and much more 
 honest Parent, the Simple Cobler," and signed, " Theod. de la Gruar- 
 den, or, Sim. Cob. Junior." After this, comes the work itself, pp. 1 to 
 52, with this heading : " Loving Admonitions, Caveats and Practicall 
 Documents unto the Handicraft Preachers, especially these 12 that 
 follow, who are or have been in and about the City of London." The 
 work is divided as follows : "I. The Confectioner," pp. 1-8 ; " II. To 
 
APPENDIX. 177 
 
 the Smith," pp. 8-12 ; " III. To the Eight and Left Shoo-maker," pp. 
 12-16 ; " IV. To the needlesse Taylor, From his working (im-)postnre," 
 pp. 16-18; "V. To the studding Sadler," pp. 19-21; "VI. To the 
 burdensome Porter," pp. 21-25 ; " VII. To the Labyrinthian Box-maker," 
 pp. 25-30 ; " VIII. To the All-be-smearing soap-boyler, or the sleepy 
 Sopor," pp. 30-33 ; "IX. To the Both-handed Glover," pp. 33-6 ; " X. 
 To the white-handed Meal-man," pp. 37-41 ; " XL To the Chicken- 
 man," pp. 41-6 ; " XII. To the next, I have but one more, the Button- 
 maker," pp. 46-51. Then follows some matter with the heading : 
 " After a Prescript to the Preacher, I send a Postscript to the Readers 
 and Hearers," pp. 51-2. The work closes with twelve lines of 
 errata. 
 
 The copy among the king's pamphlets, has the manuscript date of 
 publication, " Nov. 9." 
 
 APPENDIX XL 
 
 Rev. Mr. Ward's Religious Retreat and Petitions to 
 
 Parliament. 
 
 [By William Reed Deane, Esq., of Brookline.] 
 
 Rev. Nathaniel Ward wielded a pen of remarkable power. 
 This is as strongly manifested in the Religious Retreat addressed 
 to the army and the Petitions to the House of Commons, as in 
 his other works which have been more widely known. He 
 shows great skill in the quaintly eloquent and exceedingly 
 cogent rhetoric of these productions. His statements of griev- 
 ances are graphic. Whatever he considers the evils before 
 him. he touches with a masterly hand. Clearness, honesty and 
 spicy eloquence characterize his discussions of the moral ques- 
 tions of the day. He pleads with all the force of his genius for 
 the salvation of the realm and the church, and with the earnest- 
 ness of an advocate whose innocent client is on trial for his 
 life. His period was one of the most critical in English 
 history. The nation, at that time, may be compared to a rock 
 poised upon a pivot, a slight turning in any direction decided 
 its destiny, and yet it took great power to move it. To be able 
 so to address the army and parliament, as to be heard amid the 
 
 23 
 
178 APPENDIX. 
 
 many distracting voices that 'were superstitiously or ambitiously 
 clamoring for attention, and to be felt amid all other conflict- 
 ing influences as a power in the land, required not only great 
 talent, but the utmost tact in bringing it to bear effectively 
 upon the surrounding elements. Amidst the surges of the 
 political ocean, the fire and smoke of the army, and the noise, 
 and the cloudy and uncertain religious horizon, in currents 
 and counter currents, Mr. Ward must have met with consider- 
 able difficulty and opposition in endeavoring to navigate his 
 bark, bearing spicy, intellectual wealth, which he designed for 
 the healing of the nation between Scyllaand Charybdis, home to 
 its destined port. His was a moral force, and being necessa- 
 rily slower in its movements than the physical powers which 
 were then in action around him, could not, in that early day, 
 be made to prove itself an overmatch for the armies of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 The distractions and difficulties of his time in England were 
 analagous to those of our own, in our recent and even present 
 experience in the United States. The most momentous ques- 
 tions were at issue. 
 
 In our own country, two centuries later, the discussion of 
 the most vital points of public concernment, as evinced particu- 
 larly in the written and spoken sentiments of our late lamented 
 president, may show an advance in the power of ideas over 
 physical force; but, nevertheless, the time. has not yet come, 
 as it is to be hoped it will at some future period, 
 
 ' When the war drum throbs no longer, and the battle flags are furled, 
 In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world.' 
 
 Physical force is still necessary. A pen at Whitehall or a 
 proclamation at Washington must continue, when occasion may 
 so require to move line of battle ships from their moorings, 
 and launch them upon the deep, and to call forth armed hosts 
 to march upon land for the preservation of the best treasures of 
 civilization and humanity, which are sacredly deposited with the 
 nations for safety, improvement and advance. 
 
 Boston, June, 1865. 
 
APPENDIX. 179 
 
 APPENDIX XII. 
 The Rectory of Shenfield. 
 
 [From Davids's Annals of Ecclesiastical Nonconformity in Essex, pp, 463^1.] 
 
 " The living of Shenfield had been sequestered from John 
 Childerley, in 1643. Childerley was of St. John's College, 
 Oxford. When a junior fellow of that house, lie became 
 preacher to the English merchants at Stode ; on his return, he 
 became chaplain, first to Bancroft, and afterwards to Abbot, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury. In May, 1599, he became rector 
 of St. Mary Woolnoth, which he resigned in 1609, and, in 
 June, 1606, he was presented by James I, to the rectory of 
 St, Dunston's-in-the-East. It was about this last date that he 
 became rector of Shenfield. In 1643, he was ' very aged,' and 
 Wood says he was ' also blind.'' The ordinance for the seques- 
 tration of Shenfield, was made by the house of commons, April 
 18 of that year, and on the 23d, it was sent up to the house of 
 lords. The case was then reinvestigated by the upper house, 
 and Childerley was summoned to appear on the 28th. On the 
 29th, there is the following entry in the Journals : ' Upon the 
 reading of the petition of John Childerley, D.D., shewing that 
 he willingly consents and submits himself to the ordinance of 
 sequestration, humbly desiring that the arrears of rents and 
 tithes, due to him at Lady-day last, may be allowed him, and 
 that the provisions which he hath in his house and barn, as 
 wood and hay, may be allowed him, and he be permitted to 
 dispose of them as he shall think fit, which this house granting, 
 the Lords read the sequestration and passed it.' The living- 
 was then sequestered to the use and for the benefit of Henry 
 Goodyere, and at the request of the parishoners. Groodyere 
 was still there July 21, 1647." ' 
 
 1 The author gives these authorities of the paragraph : "Wood, Fasti, i, 157 ; New- 
 court, i, 334, 4(53, ii, 526 ; Journal of the House of Commons, in, 45, 53 : Journal of 
 the Rouse of Lords, vi, 15, 21 ; Goodyeare, Journal of the House of Commons, ib. ; 
 Additional Manuscripts, 15671, 526.'" 
 
180 APPENDIX. 
 
 Having written to Rev. Mr. Davids, the author of the preced- 
 ing account, calling his attention to the fact that Newcourt 
 makes John Kidby the rector at Shenfield, from 1645 to 1694, 
 including part of the incumbency of Mr. Goodere, and the 
 whole of that of Messrs. Ward and Bound, he replied to us as 
 follows, under date of February 21, 1866 : 
 
 " Since I published, I have met with an entry in a manu- 
 script now among Mr. Baker's manuscripts, xxvii, 399-406, 
 in the University library at Cambridge, kindly transcribed for 
 me by a nephew of mine, and entitled, ' An Account of Eject- 
 ment of the Parochial Clergy, taken from the books of the 
 Committee for Plundered Ministers/ vol. iii, which" clears up 
 the Kidby case. It is as follows : 
 '"Jan. 2, 1647. 
 
 " ' Whereas the Rectory of Shenfield being sequestered from 
 Dr. Childerley to the use of Mr. Henry Goodere, upon the 
 death of the said Dr., 1 Mr. John Kidby was then presented 
 thereto, and settled therein, who being before & then seques- 
 tered by order of the Committee from the vicaridge of Kirby, 
 in the said county, he was likewise, on the 2nd day of March 
 last, sequestered from the said rectory of Shenfield, and the said 
 Mr. Goodere therefore by order of the 8th of April was again 
 
 invested with the said Rectory and the profitts thereof. It is 
 
 this day ordered that the said Mr. Goodere shall have all tithes, 
 rents, & glebe lands, & all other rents and profitts whatsoever of 
 the said rectory which fell and became due & payable since 2nd 
 of March, which the tenants of the said glebe & all other per- 
 sons whom it respectively concerns are required to pay unto him 
 respectively/ 
 
 " This will explain Newcourt's entry, probably on the autho- 
 rity of some mere memorandum, as the Registers which he 
 professes to print were then suspended, the business being trans- 
 ferred to the Committees of the Parliament." 
 
 1 The living then, according to law, falling into the hands of the patron, who 
 was entitled to present whom he would within the limits of the law.— Note by 
 Rev. Mr. Davids. 
 
APPENDIX. 181 
 
 On the 18th of July, 1867, Rev. Mr. Davids sent us the 
 following additional facts respecting this rectory derived from 
 manuscripts in the Bodleian library : 
 
 "Bodleian, vol. 353. — December 14, 1646. A petition of Hen. 
 Goodere to whom the rectory is sequestered. Kidby 
 summoned before the Committee. 
 Ibid., 324. — December 18, 1646. Kidby to show cause why 
 Shenfield should not be sequestered from him for the 
 same cause that Kirby had been. 
 Ibid. — 12 January, 1645-7. Kidby's case to be heard Feb- 
 ruary 9. 
 February 4, " " Cases deferred to March 2. 
 March 2, 1646-7. Kidby's cause heard and decided. 
 Kirby was sequestered from him 16 September, 1643. 
 The Committee therefore decide he is incapable of 
 taking said rectory of Shenfield. 
 March 6, 1646-7. Goodere seems to have been ob- 
 jected to by some persons • not to be inducted until 
 they are heard. 
 March 17, 1646-7. Kidby appeals. The Committee 
 
 of the Co. to look into the matter. 
 April 8, 1647. Parishioners of Shenfield had petitioned. 
 New and final decision is arrived at. It appears 
 that the vicarage of Kirby was sequestered from Mr. 
 K. by this committee, 16 Sept., 1643, Mr. K. being 
 afterwards settled in the 'Rectory of Shenfield, he was 
 in March last declared incapable, and Mr. Goodere 
 referred to the Assembly of Divines, for the cure, 
 and Mr. K. to the Committee of the Co. It is there- 
 fore ordered that the living stand to Mr. Goodere." 
 The date of Mr. Goodere's leaving Shenfield, is not deter- 
 mined precisely, though we know it was between July 21, 1647, 
 and May 3, 1648, an interval of less than ten months. Rev. 
 Mr. Davids finds evidence that Goodere was the incumbent at 
 the former date, 1 while the Essex Testimony which Mr. Ward 
 
 1 Ante, p. 179. 
 
182 APPENDIX. 
 
 signed as minister of the parish was published at the latter. 1 
 We infer from the extract from the record of the committee 
 for plundered ministers, printed in this article,' 2 that Mr. 
 Goodere was officiating here, January 2, 1647-8. If so, the 
 time is reduced to about four months. Mr. Goodere was after- 
 wards the minister of Hambledon in Bucks, from which living 
 he was ejected at the restoration. 3 
 
 Mr. Ward officiated at Shenfield for four years or more, and 
 was succeeded, probably in November, 1652, A by Rev. George 
 Bound, a son of Rev. Nicholas Bound and a nephew of the 
 celebrated Rev. John Dod. 5 Palmer says that Mr. Bound " was 
 ejected at the restoration and died before Bartholomew-day." 6 
 
 Rev. Mr. Kidby then resumed his duties as rector of the 
 parish, and retained the living till his death near the close 
 of the century, his successor, Rev. John Seamier, being 
 instituted October 3, 1694, " per mort. Kidby," according to 
 Newcourt. 7 
 
 APPENDIX XIII. 
 
 Letter of Rev. Thomas P. Ferguson. 
 
 Shenfield Rectory, Brentwood. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 I am sorry that I am unable to give you any information 
 
 about the Rev. Nathaniel Ward. I have looked in vain for 
 
 any notice of him in our parish registers. The entries of the 
 
 time are made without the name of the minister. The registers 
 
 (of baptisms, marriages and burials) begin with the year 1538, 
 
 and, except from 1646, to 1652, seem to have been kept very 
 
 1 See Appendix X. 
 
 2 Ante, p. 180. 
 
 3 Davids's Annals, p. 541 ; Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, vol. i, p. 238. 
 
 4 See letter of Rev. Mr. Ferguson, Appendix XIII. 
 
 5 Davids' s Annals, p. 462. 
 
 6 Palmer's Nonconformists Memorial, vol. i, p. 520. 
 
 7 Eej)ertorium, vol. n, p. 526. 
 
APPENDIX. 183 
 
 regularly. There are a few entries between 1646 and 1652, in 
 different hands ; some of them (giving the dates, not of the 
 baptisms, but of the births of children, and which may have 
 been made subsequently from report), seem to be in the hand- 
 writing of Mr. Geo. Bound, who, in 1653, signs his name as 
 " Min'r " to a memorandum of a parish celebration. From 
 the beginning of November, 1652, to 1660, the entries are 
 made regularly, apparently in Mr. Bound's hand. This may 
 indicate that Mr. Ward's connection with the parish terminated 
 about October, 1652. 
 
 There is a list preserved of parish officers, year by year, 
 from 1630 to 1650, but there is no mention in it of the rector. 
 
 Stondon Massey is, as you suppose, four or five miles north- 
 west from Shenfield. There is a sketch and some account of 
 Shenfield Church in Buckler's Churches of Essex, published 
 by Bell & Daldy, London, in 1852. I inclose a copy of the 
 sketch : the church was restored and slightly altered two years 
 since. 1 
 
 I am sorry that I am so little able to assist your inquiries. 
 
 I am, yours faithfully, 
 
 Tho's P. Ferguson, 
 
 Rector of Shenfield. 
 April 22, 1865. 
 
 1 An engraving of this sketch is given on page 112. The view of Stondon Massey 
 Chnrch on page 29, was sent to lis by Mr. Reeve, the rector of that church. 
 
184 APPENDIX. 
 
 APPENDIX XIV. 
 
 Biographical Sketch of Rev. John Ward, or Haver- 
 hill, Mass. 
 
 [From Mather's Magnolia, book in, chap, xxxi.] 
 The Life of Mr. John Ward. 1 
 
 § 1. Some famous Persons of old, thought it a Greater 
 Glory, to have it enquired ; Why such a one had not a Statue 
 erected for him? Than to have it enquired, Why he had? Mr. 
 Nathaniel Ward born at Haverhil, in Essex, about 1570, was 
 bred a Scholar, and was lirst Intended and Employed for the 
 Study of the Law. But afterwards travelling with certain 
 Merchants into Prussia, and Denmark, and having Discourse 
 with David Parseus, at Heidelberg, from whom he received 
 much Direction ; at his return into England, he became a 
 Minister of the Gospel, and had a Living at Stondon. In the 
 Year 1634, he was driven out of England for his Non Confor- 
 mity ; and coming to New-England, he continued serving the 
 Church of Ipswich, till the Year 1645. When returning back 
 to England, he settled at Sheffield [sic], near Brentwood ; and 
 there he ended his Days, when he was about Eighty-three 
 Years of Age. He was the Author of many Composures full 
 of Wit and Sense; among which, that Entituled, The Simple 
 Cooler (which demonstrated him to be a Subtil Statesman) was 
 most considered. If it be enquired, Why this our St. Hilary 
 hath among our Lives no Statue erected for him ? Let that 
 Enquiry go for part of one. And we will pay our Debt unto 
 his Worthy Son. 
 
 § 2. Mr. John Ward was Born, I think, at Haverhil, — on 
 Nov. 5, — 1606. His Grandfather was that John Ward, the 
 Worthy Minister of Haverhil, whom we find among The 
 
 1 In the Table of Contents, the title of this chapter is : " Modestus, Or, The Life 
 of Mr. John Ward.''' 1 
 
APPENDIX. 185 
 
 Worthies of England, and his Father was the Celebrated Na- 
 thanael Ward, whose Wit made him known to more Englands 
 than One. Where his Education was, I have not been in- 
 formed ; the first Notice of him that occurs to me, being in the 
 Year 1639, When he came over into these Parts of America ; 
 and settled there in the Year 1611, in a Town also called 
 Haverhil. But What it was, every Body that saw him, saw it 
 in the Effects of it, that it was Learned, Ingenuous, and Reli- 
 gious. He was a Person of a Quick Apprenhension, a clear 
 Understanding, a strong Memory, a facetious Conversation ; he 
 was an exact Grammarian, an expert Physician, and which 
 was the Top of all, a thorough Divine : But, which rarely 
 happens, these Endowments of his Mind, were accompanied 
 with a most Healthy, Hardy, and Agile Constitution of Body, 
 which enabled him to make nothing of walking on foot, a Jour- 
 ney as long as Thirty Miles together. 
 
 § 3. Such was the Blessing of Grod upon his Religious 
 Education, that he was not only Restrained from the Vices of 
 Immorality in all his younger Years, but also Inclined unto all 
 Virtuous Actions. Of young Persons, he would himself give 
 this Advice • Whatever you do, be sure to maintain Shame in 
 them ; for if that be once gone, there is no Hope that they'll 
 ever come to good. Accordingly, our Ward was always ashamed 
 of doing any ill thing. He was of a Modest and Bashfid Dispo- 
 sition, and very sparing of Speaking, especially before Stran- 
 gers, or such as he thought his Betters. He was wonderfully 
 Temperate, in Meat, in Drink, in Sleep, and he was [sic\ always 
 Expressed, I had almost said, Affected, a peculiar Sobriety of 
 Apparel. He was a Son most Exemplarily Dutiful unto his 
 Parents ; and having paid some considerable Debts for his 
 Father, he would afterwards humbly observe and confess, that 
 God had abundantly Recompenced this his Dutifulness. 
 
 § 4. Tho' he had great Offers of Rich Matches, in England, 
 yet he chose to marry a meaner Person, whom Exemplary 
 Piety had recommended. He lived with her more than Forty 
 Years, in such an Happy Harmony, that when she died, he 
 professed, that in all this Time, he never had received one 
 
 24 
 
186 APPENDIX. 
 
 Displeasing Word or Look from her. Altho' she would so 
 faithfully tell him of every thing that might seem Amendable 
 in him, that he would pleasantly compare her to an Accusing 
 Conscience, yet she ever pleased him wonderfully : And she 
 would often put him upon the Duties of secret Fasts, and when 
 she met with any thing in Reading that she counted singularly 
 agreeable, she would still impart it unto him. For which 
 Causes, when he lost this his Mate, he caused those Words to 
 be fairly written on his Table-Board, 
 
 In Lugenda Compare Vitce, Spacium Compleat Orbus. 
 
 And there is this memorable Passage to be added. While she 
 was a Maid, there was ensured unto her, the Revenue of a Par- 
 sonage worth Two Hundred Pounds per Annum, in case that she 
 married a Minister. And all this had. been given to our Ward 
 in case he had Conformed, unto the Doubtful Matters in the 
 Church of England : But he left all the Allurements and 
 Enjoyments of England, chusing rather to suffer Affliction with 
 the People of God in a Wilderness. 
 
 § 5. Altho' he would say, There is no place for Fishing like 
 the Sea, and the more Hearers a Minister has, the more Hope 
 there is that some of them will be catch' d in the Nets of the Gos- 
 pel ; nevertheless, thro' his Humility and Reservation, it came 
 to pass, that as he chose to begin his Ministry in Old England, 
 at a very small Place, thus when he came to New England, 
 he chose to settle with a New Plantation, where he could 
 expect none but small Circumstances all his Days. He did not 
 love to appear upon the Publick Stage himself, and there 
 appeared few there that he did not prefer above himself: But 
 when he was there, every one might see how conscientiously he 
 sought the Edification of the Souls of the plainest Auditors, 
 before the Ostentation of his own Abilities. And from the 
 like Self- Diffidence it was, that he would never manage any 
 Ecclesiastical Affairs in his Church, without previous and 
 prudent Considtations with the best Advisers that he knew ; 
 He would say, He had rather always follow Advice, tho' some- 
 times the Advice might mislead him, than ever act without 
 
APPENDIX. 187 
 
 Advice, tho' he might happen to do well by no Advice but his 
 own. 
 
 § 6. This Diligent Servant of the Lord Jesus Christ, con- 
 tinued under and against many Temptations, watching over his 
 Flock at Haverhil, more than twice as long as Jacob continued 
 with his Uncle; yea for as many Years as there are Sabbath 
 in the Year. On Nov. 19, 1693, he preached an Excellent 
 Sermon, entering the Eighty-Eighth Year of his Age; the only 
 Sermon that ever was, or perhaps ever will be preached in this 
 Country at such an Age. He was then smitten with a Para- 
 lytic Indisposition upon the Organs of his Speech, which con- 
 tinuing about a Month upon him, not without Evident Proofs 
 of his Understanding and his Heavenliness, continuing firm 
 with him to the last; at last, on Dec. 27, he went off, bringing 
 up the Rear of our First Generation. 
 
 Epitaphium. 
 
 Bonorum Ultlmus, at inter Bonos non Ultimus. 
 
 Additions by J. W. D. 
 
 We will add a few facts to those given above by Mather. 
 Mr. Ward entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1622, and 
 took the degree of A, B., in 1626 and that of A. M., in 1630.1 
 He was instituted rector of Hadleigh in Essex, Nov. 16, 1633, 
 and preached there till 1639- when he resigned, a successor 
 being instituted June 7. 2 The same year he came to New 
 England, and for a short time assisted his uncle, Rev. Ezekiel 
 Rogers, at Rowley. In December, 1639, he resided with his 
 father at Ipswich ; but he had removed to Newbury as early as 
 the following February. Here he received a call from the 
 people of Agamenticus, now York, Me., which he accepted, 
 
 - Hon. James Savage, Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxvin, p. 248-9. 
 2 Newcourt's Bepertorium, vol. n, p. 291. 
 
188 APPENDIX. 
 
 and, in the spring, lie proceeded thither. Not long after, he 
 removed to the new settlement of Haverhill, where, on the 
 formation of a church in 1645, he was ordained pastor and 
 remained with his people till his death. 1 
 
 Mather's statement, that he watched over his flock at Haver- 
 hill " as many years as there are Sabbaths in the year," has 
 been doubted ; but as he probably commenced preaching to the 
 people of that place as soon as he removed there, which Mr. 
 Chase thinks was in the autumn of 1641,- we see no improba- 
 bility in the story. Firmin, writing in 1652, states: "It is 
 frequent in New England to have a man elected and preach 
 halfe a yeare, a whole yeare, yea, I know one elected and preached 
 two yeares to his people, and they maintained him all that while 
 and yet all that time he never administered a Sacrament to his 
 people, but he and they when they would partake of the Lords 
 Supper, went ten miles to Church out of which they issued to 
 receive the Sacrament." 5 
 
 The conjecture of Mather that perhaps no other sermon 
 would be preached in this country at the age of eighty-seven 
 has not proved correct. Within the last ten years, two 
 clergymen have died who preached sermons after they had 
 passed their one-hundredth year ; namely, Rev. John Sawyer 
 who died at Bangor, Me., Oct. 14, 1858, aged 103 4 and Rev. 
 Daniel Waldo, who died at Syracuse, N. Y., July 30, 1864, aged 
 101, 5 both natives of the state of Connecticut. His burial took 
 place Dec. 28, 1693, the day following his death. Mirick says 
 of him : " If we may be permitted to judge from the records, 
 and from what the early writers have said of him, we should 
 say that no preacher ever had a stronger hold on the affections 
 of his people than Mr. Ward. As a minister, he was honored ; 
 as a man, he was respected; as a neighbor, he was beloved." 7 
 
 1 Ante, p. 69-74. 
 
 2 History of Haverhill, p. 40. 
 
 3 Separation Examined, p. 56. 
 
 4 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xni, p. 93. 
 
 5 Ibid., vol. xrx, 84. 
 
 6 Mirick's History of Haverhill, p. 73. 
 
 7 Ibid., p. 74. 
 
APPENDIX. 189 
 
 His will, winch is dated about two months after the death of 
 his wife, is on file at Salem. The following is a copy made from 
 the original : 
 
 Lord into thy hand commend I my spirit. 
 Credo languida fide sed tamenfide. 
 
 Dated 27 May. 1680. 
 
 Concerning that portion of worldly goods w ch Glod of his rich 
 bounty hath bestowed upon me I make this my last will and 
 testament. I give to my beloved son Benjamin Woodbridge 
 and to my beloved Daughter Mary his wife one parcell of land 
 containing thirty acres more or lesse lying att the Norwest end 
 of the towne of Haverhill in New England. I give also unto 
 them another parcell of land containing fifety acres more or 
 lesse lying in the same towne, and adjoyning to a smal brook 
 commonly called Gills Lake. I give also unto them foure 
 acres of medow lying in the same towne w ll: in a medow com- 
 monly called the pond medow. I give also unto them all my 
 right to all commonages and to all divisions of land that now are 
 or hereafter may be due unto me in the aforesaid towne by any 
 towne order, grant, or purchase from the inhabitants of the 
 said towne excepting such lands and commonages as I have 
 formerly given to my beloved son Nathaniel Saltonstall upon his 
 marriage w t;i my daughter Elizabeth, and also such lands and 
 commonages and right to division of lands w ch by this my last 
 will and testament I doe give unto the said Nathaniel and his 
 wife Elizabeth, further my will is that the sayed lands com- 
 monages and medow given to my son Woodbridg and to Mary 
 his wife be not by them given sold, granted or alienated from 
 the children of his and her body, unlesse upon urgent necessity 
 and by the consent of M r John Woodbridge of Newberry, M r 
 Samuel Phillips of Rowley M r Zachary Simmes of Bradford 
 and my son Saltonstal and Elizabeth his wife, or the major part 
 of them all of them being first acquainted therw th I give to 
 my beloved son Nathaniel Saltonstall and to my beloved 
 
190 APPENDIX. 
 
 daughter Elizabeth his wife my house and land adjoyning there- 
 unto commonly called the house lott lying in the towne of 
 Haverhill aforesaid, and also my land upon the Island belong- 
 ing to the same towne, also fouer cow commonages besids those 
 formerly given unto them, w~ h house and lands and commonages 
 my will is, that neyther the said Nathaniel nor Elizabeth his 
 wife shall give, sell, or grant, or alienate any part of them from 
 the children of his and her body, but upon urgent necessity,. and 
 w l!l and by the consent of M r John Woodbridg of Newberry 
 or the ^' Samuel Phillips of Rowley Mr. Zachary Simmes of 
 major Bradford, Captaine John Appleton, and Captaine John 
 part of Whipple both of Ipswich, K all of them being first made 
 acquainted therewith I give also halfe of that part 
 of the fourth division of land due to me by an order of the aforesaid 
 towne to my son Saltonstall and his wife Elizabeth the other 
 halfe to my son Woodbridg and Mary his wife. Lastly I consti- 
 tute and appoynt my beloved son Saltonstall the sole executor 
 of this my last will and testament, and do hereby make voide 
 all former wills made by me witness my hand and seal. 
 
 John Ward. 
 
 Signed and sealed in the presence of us J William White 
 
 „~ ~ -, i n T ^ Thomas Eatton 
 
 Jan : 23 : 92-3 ownd before John White _ _> 
 
 Benjamin Rolfe. 
 
 The words the major part of them written in the margent, were 
 written before the signing and sealing, so testifie'we 
 
 William White, 
 Thomas Eatton. 
 
 New England. Essex, ss. 
 
 Before y e Honour !)le Bartholmew Gedney Esq' Judge of y e 
 probat of Wills & Granting letters of Administraco in y c S d 
 County of Essex, att. Ipswich March, 28 : 1694. 
 
 Mr Benjamin Rolfe & John White both of Haverhill made 
 oath That on January ye 23d 169f they were present with M r 
 John Ward who produced this within written Instrument & did 
 publish & declare y« same to be his last Will and Testament 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 191 
 
 Th it lie was then of a disposing mind to their best descerning & 
 that they y 11 Subscribed as Witnesses thereunto. 
 
 Jurat : Attest Steph : Sew all Reg 1 ". 
 Barth Gedney Esq 1 " Psent. 
 
 Thomas Eaton made Oath that he was Caled to be a witness 
 to y c within Will of M> John Ward & did Subscribe thereunto as 
 a Witness & that William White did then Set to his hand as a 
 witness in like manner March 29th, 1694. 
 
 Sworn attes T Steph : Sewall, Reg 1 ". 
 
 This Will appearing to be y e hand Writing of y e Testator 
 and no ^ son appearing to Obj ect against y e probate of y e Same. 
 It is therefore proved approved & allowed. 
 
 Attest Steph 
 
 Sewall Reg 1 
 
 
 
 Mr. Ward's wife whose Christian name was Alice and whose 
 maiden name is said to 
 have been Edmunds J died 
 March 24, 1679 - 80.'- 2 
 A fac-simile of her auto- 
 graph and those of her 
 husband and his father 
 and brother-in-law are 
 annexed. Mr. Chase says 
 that Mr. Ward was mar- 
 ried to her in 1646 ; 3 but 
 as Mr. W. evidently had 
 a wife in 1639, 4 and as 
 Mather says that he lived with his wife " more than forty years," 
 we think Mr. Chase must be mistaken in the date. They had two 
 daughters, 1. Elizabeth, born April 7, 1647, and died April 29, 
 1741, who married Col. Nathaniel Saltonstall. 2. Mary, born 
 June 24, 1649, who married Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge. 
 
 $idM ftiwc^. 
 
 1 Mirick's History of Haverhill, p. 19 
 
 2 Mirick's History of Haverhill, p. 19 ; Chase's History of Haverhill, pp. 41 and 133. 
 
 3 Chase's Haverhill, p. 48. 
 
 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxxvn, p. 275. 
 
192 APPENDIX. 
 
 Col. Nathaniel Saltontall's children by his wife Elizabeth 
 were : 1. Gurdon, governor of Connecticut; 2. Elizabeth, who 
 married first Rev. John Dennison, and secondly, Rev. Roland 
 Cotton; 3. Col. Richard; 4. Nathaniel; and 5. John; the latter 
 of whom died early. For dates and descendants of these child- 
 ren, see Bond's Watertown, pp. 922-30. 
 
 Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge, 1 by his first wife Mary Ward 
 had: 1. Elizabeth, b. at Windsor, Ct., April 31, 1673, d. at 
 Exeter, N. H., Dec. 6, 1729, se. 56, whose first husband was Rev. 
 John Clark and her second Rev. John Odlin, both of Exeter. 
 2. Benjamin, who died early. 3. Hon. Dudley, of Barbadoes, 
 born at W., Sept. 7, 1677, graduated at Harvard College in 
 1696, 2 and died Feb. 11, 1720. 4. Benjamin, born at W., 
 Oct. 12, (?) 1680, who was a merchant in Boston. 13 Mrs. Mary 
 (Ward) Woodbridge is said to have died Oct. 11, 1680. Proba- 
 bly the birth of her son Benjamin and her own death occurred 
 during the night Oct. 11—12. 
 
 Elizabeth Woodbridge, by her first husband Mr. Clark, had : 
 1. Benjamin'; 2. Nathaniel; 3. Deborah; 4 married to Major 
 Thomas Deane, whose descendants are given in the Historical 
 and Genealogical Register, vol. IX, p. 93 ; and 4. Rev. Ward 
 of Kingston, N. H. By her second husband, M. Odlin, she 
 
 1 For notices of him, see Brooks's History of Medford, pp. 203-8; Stiles's History 
 of Windsor, Ct., pp. 176-90 ; American Quarterly Register, vol. xi, p. 272 ; vol. xn, 
 p. 265. 
 
 2 There were two Dudley Woodbridges who graduated at Harvard College, one in 
 1694 and the other in 1696, and there has been some doubt expressed (see Savage's 
 Genealogical Dictionary, art. Woodbridge) as to which was the graduate of 1694 and 
 which that of 1699 ; but as Dudley, son of Kev. John of Wethersfield, received a call to 
 settle at Simsbury, Ct., before 1696, namely, Oct. 2, 1695, and as it is not probable that 
 an undergraduate would receive a call, there can be no doubt that he was the graduate 
 of 1694, and his cousin Dudley, son of Kev. Benjamin, above, the graduate of 1696, 
 
 3 Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge had another child, we presume, by a second wife, 
 namely, Rev. Samuel of East Hartford, Ct., born about 1683, having died June 9, 
 1746 3d. 63, of whom and his descendants an account will be found in the Historical 
 and Genealogical Register, vol. vi, pp. 281-2. 
 
 His last wife was Deborah, daughter of Daniel Cushing, and widow of Henry 
 Tarlion to whom he is said to have been married August 31, 1686. See Savage's 
 Genealogical Dictionary, art. Woodbridge. 
 
 4 The writer of these notes is a descendant from Rev. John Ward through Debo- 
 rah (Clark) Deane his descent being 1, Deborah ; 2, John ; 3, John ; 4, Charles ; and 5, 
 John Ward Dean. 
 
APPENDIX. 193 
 
 had 5. John ; 6. Rev. Elisha of Amerbury ; 7. Dudley, and 8. 
 Rev. Woodbridge of Exeter. 
 
 Hon. Dudley Woodbridge was director general of the Royal 
 Assiento ' Company of England in Barbadoes, the agent of the 
 South Sea Company there, and judge advocate of the island. 
 He was also a member of the Society for Propagating the 
 Grospel in Foreign Parts. His portrait, painted by Kneller in 
 1718, was engraved, in mezzotint, the same year by Smith.' 3 
 Hutchinson says that " Mr. Woodbridge, a New England man " 
 was the projector of paper money in Barbadoes. 3 He had at 
 least two children, Dudley and Benjamin, the latter of whom 
 was killed at Boston, July 3, 1728, 4 aged 19 yrs. 2 mos. 5 
 
 Rev. Dudley Woodbridge, rector of the parish of St. Philip, 
 in the island of Barbadoes, was probably a son of the preceding, 
 In the Gentlemen's Magazine for August, 1747, p. 393, will 
 be found an epitaph on his wife, whose Christian name is not 
 given. This epitaph is copied into the Historical Magazine, 
 vol. II, p. 26. He died between March 15, 1747-8, and July 
 20, 1748. His widow Ruth resided at Boston, N. E., at the 
 date of her will, December 23, 1748, and died before the 9th of 
 the following month. Rev. Mr. Woodbridge makes a bequest 
 to his " sister Mary Alleyne, of Boston, N. E., widow of Major 
 Abel Alleyne. formerly of" Barbadoes; and his widow, Ruth, 
 also, makes a bequest to her, as her " sister-in-law." 
 
 " Several years after John Ward left Ipswich, another John 
 Ward, a " chirurgeon " G took up his residence there. The 
 earliest date at which Rev. Dr. Felt finds him there, is 1648. 7 
 His will, which was dated December 28, 1652, and proved 25th 
 of 1st month, 1656, is printed, with his inventory, in the His- 
 torical and Genealogical Register, vol. XXII, pp. 3 1—3. He 
 
 1 See Webster's Dictionary (unabridged) sub voce. 
 
 2 Noble's Continuation of Grangers Biographical History of England, vol. in, 
 p. 260. 
 
 3 History of Massachusetts, vol. i, 1st and 2d editions, p. 402 ; 3d edition, p. 356. 
 
 4 See Sargent's Dealings with the Dead, vol. n, pp. 550-64 ; Drake's History of 
 Boston, p. 579: and Bridgman's Pilgrims of Boston, p. 191. 
 
 5 Boston Record of Births, Marriages and Deaths, in loco. 
 
 6 Suffolk Registry of Deeds, lib. i, folio 252. 
 
 7 History of lysivich, p. 13. 
 
 25 
 
194 APPENDIX. 
 
 mentions these relatives : " cousine Nathaniel Ward sun of my' 
 uncle Nathaniel Ward ; " — ' : cousine Ward's of Wethersfield's 
 two youngest suns," both under 21 years of age ; — " cousine John 
 Barker's [' of Boxted in Essex,'] eldest daughter, Anne Bar- 
 ker • " — "cousine Samuel Sharman's ['that died some years 
 since in Boston, in New England,'] two youngest sons-" — 
 and " cousin Philip Sharman of Hood Island." He mentions 
 also " the house and land given me by my father's will, and that 
 lies in East Mersey in the county of Essex in Old England." 
 He bequeaths to his uncle, Nathaniel Ward aforesaid, " the 
 rents and prophits that have com of that tenement since I made 
 Edward Sharman of Dedham last my attorney for receiving of 
 it, they being in his or the tenant's hands Still being next 
 March two years and a half's rent." 
 
 Soon after the publication of this will, Hon. J. Hammond 
 Trumbull of Hartford, Ct., wrote to us as follows : " In the 
 January number of the Register, I notice your contribution of 
 the will of Br. John Ward of Ipswich. I can tell you some- 
 thing of this testator which may be in time for a note in your 
 forthcoming volume. This John Ward was son and heir of 
 John Ward, a clothier, of Stratford, co. Suffolk, whose widow 
 Anne died before September, 1640. By the father's or the 
 mother's will, or by both, the rents and profits of land in East 
 or West Mersey, or elsewhere, in Essex, and " of two ships and 
 other rights " were made payable to Dr. John Clarke (of New- 
 bury), during the nonage of the heir. In September, 1640, 
 Dr. Clarke ('John Clarke of Newberry in New England, late 
 citizen and Chirurgeon of London '), who was one of the exe- 
 cutors of the widow Anne Ward's will, gave a letter of attorney 
 to Edward Sherman of Dedham, co. Essex, clothier, to receive 
 and recover, &c, the rents and profits payable to him in trust 
 for John Ward, the son, under the wills of John Ward senior 
 and his widow. The copy of this letter of attorney, in Thomas 
 Lechford's autograph, is before me, and from it, I derive all 
 the facts. 
 
 " Young Ward studied ' chirurgery,' no doubt, with his 
 guardian, Dr. Clarke, and possibly came with the latter to New 
 England. 
 
APPENDIX. 195 
 
 '■'■ I find nothing to connect him with John of Haverhill or 
 Nathaniel Ward of Ipswich • but incline rather to look for 
 ' cousinship ' to the Hartford and Wethersfield Wards. How- 
 ever I have nothing in this direction, beyond mere conjecture." 
 
 The last remarks of Mr. Trumbull were called out by the 
 statement copied from Mr. Savage's Genealogical Dictionary 
 (art. Ward), that Dr. John Ward was a cousin of Rev. John. 
 It is evident that they were not first cousins and probably they 
 were not second cousins, though we know of no facts to disprove 
 their being cousins, in the sense attached to this word in those 
 days. 
 
 APPENDIX XV. 
 
 Biographical Notice of James Ward. 
 
 John Ward, son of Nathaniel, graduated at Harvard College 
 in 1645, 1 and was incorporated A. B. of Oxford University, 
 Oct. 10, 1648. His testimony dated Dec 3, 1646, was sub- 
 scribed by Henry Dunster, president, and Samuel Danforth, 
 fellow of Harvard College.'- 2 After he was incorporated he was 
 admitted A. M. On 14th of November, 1649, he was created 
 bachelor of physic by the favor of Gen. Fairfax. He was also 
 made a fellow of Magdalen College by the visitors. 3 
 
 He was evidently the youngest child of his father that grew 
 up. The nearest approach to ascertaining his age is obtained 
 from the statement in Winthrop's Journal under date of June 
 5, 1644, where he is said to have been at that time about twenty 
 years of age. 4 This would make him about eighteen years 
 younger than John. 
 
 It appears from the Candler manuscript that he left no issue. 
 
 1 Catalogus Universitatis Harvardiance (1866), p. 1. 
 
 2 Wood's Athence Oxonienses, vol. u, f. p. 64. 
 
 3 Ibid., f. p. 85. 
 
 4 Savage's Winthroj), vol. n ; 1st ed. p. 166 ; 2d ed., p. 102. 
 
196 APPENDIX. 
 
 APPENDIX XVI. 
 Letters of Rev. Nathaniel Ward. 
 
 [Prom the Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. xxxvn, pp. 23-30.] 
 1. To John Winthrop. 
 
 To the Worship full & his much respected ffriend Mr. Win- 
 thrope, Gouernour of the New- English Company ', att Mr. Por- 
 ters in Soaper Lane dd. dd. dd. 
 
 In his absence to Mr. Johnson. 
 
 Sir : I purpose to see yow this next weeke att London, if God 
 
 permitt. In the meane tyme I intreate yow to reserne rooms & 
 
 passage in your shipps for 2 families, a carpenter & bricklayer, the 
 
 most faithfull & dilligent workmen in all our parts ; one of them 
 
 both putt of a good farme this weeke, & sold all, & should be 
 
 much dammaged & discouraged if he finds no place among yow. 
 
 He transports himselfe att his owne charge. There is a paire of 
 
 sawyers also especially laborious ; all of them will come to yow 
 
 vpon monday or tuesday. I pray lett them discerne your harty 
 
 desire of their company. And so I comitt you to Grod. 
 
 Yours in all Christian aifection 
 
 Nathl. Warde. 
 Stondon, Jan. 16. 01 
 
 2. To John WintJirop, Jr. 
 
 Sir : I receiued your loving letter in Mr. Hall's behalfe : I 
 was neuer against his having a lott amongst vs, nor to my re- 
 membrance haue spoken any thinge to hinder him • only the 
 company that he brought to towne, & his manner of cominge, 
 before the towne knew any such thinge, was obserued and dis- 
 liked. I neuer heard [a] sillable of that yow mention in your 
 letter concerning a mayde in Ireland, till the tyme of open- 
 
 1030, N. S. — Eds. Massachusetts Historical Collections. 
 
APPENDIX. 197 
 
 ing your letter ; att that instant Mr. Dudley was telling me 
 of it. I dare not beleeue empty rumours aiganst any man : I am 
 & shalbe tender of young & hopefull men, & ready to incourage 
 them. I am bold to say I am & haue bene & shalbe so, what- 
 euer is reported to the contrary. Our towne of late, but 
 somewhat too late, haue bene carefull on whome they bestowe 
 lotts, being awakned thereto by the confluence of many ill & 
 doubtfull persons, & by their behauiour since they came, in 
 drinking and pilferinge; I pray, if you speake with Mr. Hall, 
 advise him to suffer no priuate drinking in his howse, wherein 
 I heare lately he hath bene to blame. The reasons which moue 
 our freemen to be very considerate in disposall of lotts & admis- 
 sion of people to vs are thes : ffirst, we conceiue the less of 
 Satan's Kingdome we haue in our towne, the more of Glods 
 presence & blessinge we may expect. 21y, we haue respect to 
 the creditt of our Church & towne, from which we heare there 
 are too many vniust detractions in the bay, to serue their owne 
 ends. 31y, we consider our towne as a by or port towne of the 
 land, remote from neighbours, & had neede to be strong & of a 
 homogeneous spirit & people, as free from dangerous persons as 
 we may. Lastly, our thoughts & feares growe very sadd to see 
 such multitudes of idle and profane young men, servants & 
 others, with whome we must leaue our children, for whose sake 
 & safty we came ouer, & who came with vs from the land of 
 their nativity, their freinds & many other comforts, which their 
 birthright intitled them to, relying vpon our loue, wisdome, & 
 care, to repay them all in this wildernes either in specie or 
 compensations ; but I must confesse it sinks vs almost to the 
 graue to looke vpon the next generation, to whome we must 
 leaue them & the fruite of our adventures, labours & counsells : 
 we knowe this might haue bene easily prevented by due & tymely 
 care of such as had the opportunity in their hand ; & if it be 
 not yet remedied, we & many others must not only say, with 
 greif, we haue made an ill change, euen from the snare to the 
 pitt, but must meditate some safer refuge, if God will afford it : 
 but I hope he will cause light to shine out of darknes & glorifie 
 his strenght in the weaknes of men ; & do that which seemes 
 
198 APPENDIX. 
 
 to be past all doing. We haue our eyes upon yow magistrats to 
 helpe vs ; & now, good Sir, giue me leaue with patience to tell 
 yow, as I did before yow went to England, that your absence 
 hath bredd vs much sorrowe, & your still going from vs to Con- 
 necticote doth much discourage vs. I feare your tye or obliga- 
 tion to this state, & in speciall to this towne, is more then you 
 did well consider when you ingaged your self another way; & I 
 feare your indeauours that way will not be operse ac spei prctium. 
 I am in a dreame, att least not awake, if it be the way of Grod 
 for so many to desert this place, turning their backs upon vs, & 
 to seeke the good of their cattell more then of com-, & my 
 thoughts are that Grod doth iustlv rebuke our state bv the losse 
 of so many men, vessells, & victualls, in a tyme of dearthe, for 
 their facility in giving way to their departure ; for your part we 
 looke & long for yow here, & are in a misery for the want of yow. 
 The Lord bring yow in his season, & in the meane tyme afford 
 yow his presence & blessinge where euer yow are 3 & so I rest 
 Your worships in all truth of loue 
 
 Nathl. Warde. 
 Ipsivich, Dec. 24. ] 
 
 I forgett not my due respect to your father, mother, & wife. 
 
 I heare Mr. Coddington hath the sale & disposall of much 
 prouision come in this shipp. I intreate yow to do so much as 
 to speake to him in my name to reserue some meale & malt, & 
 what victualls els he thinks meete, till our Riuer be open ; our 
 Church will pay him duely for it. I am very deestitute, I have 
 not aboue 6 bushells corne left, & other things answerable. 
 
 3. To John V/inthrop. 
 
 To our much honored Governor att Boston. 
 
 Sir : I thanke you very much for your loue & liberality, by 
 Mr. Rawson, you sent me more then I desired. I haue 2 more 
 earnest requests to you, 1. That yow would please to advise 
 
 1 We should have 110 hesitation in indicating 1635 as the year in which this letter 
 was written, were it not that Mr. Felt does not find Mr. Hall (Samuel) a resident of 
 Ipswich till the next year, though this is not conclusive against his settling there 
 the year before.— Eds. Massachusetts Historical Collections. 
 
APPENDIX. 199 
 
 thoroughly with the counsell, whether it will not be of ill con- 
 sequence to send the Court busines to the common consideration 
 of the freemen. I feare it will too much exauctorate the 
 power of that Court to prostrate matters in that manner. I 
 suspect both Commonwealth and Churches haue discended to 
 lowe already ; I see the spirits of people runne high, & what 
 they gettthey hould. They may not be denyed their proper & 
 lawfull liberties, but I question whether it be of God to interest 
 the inferiour sort in that which should be reserved inter opti- 
 mates penes quos est sancire leges. Yf Mr. Lachford haue 
 writt them out, I would be glad to peruse one of his copies, if I 
 may receiue them. 
 
 The other is that yow would not passe your promise, nor 
 giue any incouragement concerning any plantation att Quichi- 
 ehacke or Penticutt, till my self & some others either speake or 
 write to yow about it, which shallbe done so soone as our coun- 
 silles & contrivalls are ripened. In too much hast. I comitt yow 
 & your affaires to the guidance of God, in whom I rest. 
 Your Worshipps in all Christian service 
 
 Nathl. Warde. 
 
 M*. lO: 22°. i 
 
 There is a necessity that the Covenant, if it be agreed vpon, 
 should be considered & celebrated by the seuerall congregations 
 & townes, & happily the - but T dare not determyne con- 
 cerning the latter. I meane of putting it to the suffrage of the 
 people. 
 
 Indorsed by Gov. Winthrop, ;s Cosin Warde." 
 
 4. To John Winthrop. 
 
 To the Worship/all our Gouemour att Boston. 
 
 Sir : We are bold to continue our suite concerning the 
 plantation I lately mencioned to yow : our company increases 
 apace from diuers townes, of very desirable men, wherof we 
 desire to be very choise : this next weeke, if God hinder vs 
 
 1 This letter has no date of year ; hut it was evidently written in 1639, Dec. 22. 
 Eds. Massachusetts Historical Collections. 
 
 2 A doubtful word.— Eds. Massachusetts Historical Collections. 
 
200 APPENDIX. 
 
 not, we purpose to view the places & forthwith to resort to 
 
 yow, & in the meane tyme we craue your secrecy, I rest 
 
 Your Worships 
 
 Na : Warde 
 
 We haue alreddy more than 20 families of very good Christ- 
 ians purposed to goe with vs, if God will, & we heare of more. 
 
 Our neighbour townes are much grieued to see the lauish 
 liberality of the Court in giving away the countrye. Some 
 honest men of our towne affirme that in their knowledge there 
 are 68 townes in England, within as litle compasse as the 
 bounds of Ipswich : I knowe neere 40 where I dwelt : Rowly 
 is larger then Ipswich, 9 or 10 miles longe. & will have other 
 plantations within it, tributaries to it, & intend, as we heare, to 
 stretch their wings much further yet, & will spoil Qutchicqute 
 vtterlyj if not Pentucket. We earnestly pray yow to prevent 
 it. We should incourage many to come ouer, if many planta- 
 tions were not spoiled by the extreame largnes of those that are 
 already giuen. Our purpose is to haue no great bounds. 
 
 Indorsed by Gov. Winthrop, u Mr. Na : Warde." 
 
 5. To John Winthrop. 
 
 Sir : I thanke you much for your letter & loue, & those also 
 of the plantation for their good esteeme of mee, which I trust 
 I shall not be backward to requite to my poore power. When 
 I came out of the bay, matters were left thus betweene Mr. 
 Shepheard & mee. That if there might be any subsistence 
 there this winter, I should heare from him : speaking both 
 with him & some of the plantation, I discerned that they 
 thought it too difficult to adventure thither till the extremity 
 of the winter were abated. I acknowledge I am tender. Sl more 
 vnfit for solitarines & hardshipp then some other, especially att 
 this tyme, through many colds & seeds of the bay sicknesses I 
 brought from thence, yet if God & counsell cast me vpon any 
 worke or condition, I should labour not to wayue his good 
 prouidence. I heare there is no priuate roome there, litle pro- 
 uision, and not a woman to dresse meate or wash linnen, & the 
 cheif of the men are like to be absent for the most parte att 
 
APPENDIX. 201 
 
 their owne homes. I am much troubled what to doe, but vpon 
 
 Mr. Shepheard's letters I shall take advise, and doe what God 
 
 shall direct & inable me vnto. In the meane tyme, iterating 
 
 my thankful! respect to your selfe and them, craving your 
 
 prayers, I rest 
 
 Your worships in all Christian services 
 
 Nathl. Warde. 
 Ipswich, 9 is 26. ! 
 
 Note by J. W. Dean. — The extract from a letter, mentioned 
 on page 92, as being possibly the production of Rev. Nathaniel 
 Ward, is as follows : 
 
 u An Extract of a Letter written from a Minister in New 
 England to a Member of the Assembly of Divines. 
 
 "Discipline or Church Government is now the great busi- 
 nesse of the Christian World. God grant we forget not the 
 doctrine of Repentence from dead Works, and Faith in the Lord 
 Jesus. I long much to see, or hear, what is done in England 
 about this matter, I shall not fall into particulars, as I might 
 do, could we speak mouth to mouth. I am no Independent 
 neither are many others, who say Communi Presbyter onum con- 
 sllio Ecclesise ab initio regebanter ; nor am I of a democratical 
 spirit. Much have I seen in my almost eleven years abode in 
 this Wildernesse; and I wish such as maintain an Independent 
 Democracy, had seen and found as much experimentally. A 
 house is like to be well governed, where all are Masters ) but 
 no more of this. For my self, God hath been here with me, 
 and done me much good, learning me something of my self and 
 of men. N. E. is not Heaven, and here we are men still. 
 
 December 8, 1645." 
 
 1 There is nothing in this letter to indicate definitely the year in which it was 
 written. The plantation the writer speaks of, to which his friends " thought it too 
 difficult to adventure" " till the extremity of the weather were ahated," may pos- 
 sibly refer to the new settlement at Haverhill, which he was early interested in, and 
 in which his son John became an early inhabitant. If so, the year was probably 
 1640, or 1641. If such had been his intention, there is no evidence that Nathaniel 
 Ward ever became a resident of that town. — Eds. Massachusetts Historical Collec- 
 tions. 
 
 26 
 
202 APPENDIX. 
 
 ADDITIONS AND ERRATA. 
 
 Page 41, lines 5 and 6, /or Matthew Bradbury read Mary- 
 widow of John Bradbury. [John Bradbury died August 1, 
 1624. A posthumous son was baptized at Wicken Bonant, 
 by the rector, the Rev. Thomas Wadeson, a fortnight later, 
 August 15th. One of the witnesses was " the Bishop of 
 Methe."] 
 
 Page 61, note 4 , /or 56 read 58. 
 
 Page 79, line 17, /or a majority read. many. 
 
 Page 88, note ', after p. iv. insert Mr. Pulsifer does not re- 
 member from what document he obtained this fact; but he is 
 confident that he had good authority for his statement. 
 
 Page 96, line 3 from bottom, after printed, insert According 
 to Rushwortb (vi, 596) the clergymen who preached before 
 parliament that day, namely, Drs. Smith and Rainbow to the 
 lords, and Messrs. Ward and Mainton to the commons, " had 
 thanks and [were] ordered to print their Sermons, save only 
 Mr. Ward who gave offence." 
 
 Page 128, line 3 and note ~,/or Grinningham read Gimingham. 
 
 Page 129, note '-, /or Charlestown village, read Charlestown 
 Village. 
 
 Page 133, line 2 from bottom, read desirous of the birth-right 
 of your loue and blessing. 
 
 Page 139, line 8, /or Ipswich read Suffolk. 
 
 Page 141, note 2 , a/ter 164. read Rev. Jeremy Collier, who was 
 born only a quarter of a century after this controversy, and who 
 was educated at Ipswich — under his father, the master of the 
 free school there — makes a similar statement, calling them "two 
 preachers of Ipswich," — Ecclesiastical History o/ Great Britain, 
 ed. 1840, vol. vn, p. 442. 
 
 We know, however, that Mr. Yates was of Norwich, where he 
 was the rector of St. Andrew's church from 1616 till his death 
 in November, 1626. It is possible that Collier, in his youth t 
 may have heard at Ipswich that Mr. Ward was of that place, 
 and an indistinct recollection of this, when he wrote, may have 
 led him to think that both clergymen resided there. 
 
 Page 141, line 5 from bottom, for on read an. 
 
APPENDIX. 203 
 
 Page 147, note T , after Rev. Nathaniel Ward, insert. But 
 the poet Herbert is really its author. In The Church Militant 
 these lines occur: 
 
 " Religion stands on tip-toe in oiir land 
 Readie to passe to the American strand." 
 
 Herbert's Poems (Boston, 1855), p. 247. 
 
 Walton, in his Life of Herbert, informs us that "when Mr. 
 Ferrar sent this book [ The Temple, &c] to Cambridge to be 
 licensed for the press, the Vice Chancellor would by no means 
 allow the two so much noted verses : 
 
 " Religion stands a tip-toe [&c., as above] 
 
 to be printed ;. and Mr. Ferrar would by no means allow the 
 book to be printed and want them; but after some time and 
 some arguments for and against their being made public, the 
 Vice Chancellor said, ' I knew Mr. Herbert well and know he 
 had many heavenly speculations, and was a divine poet ; but 
 I hope the world will not take him to be an inspired prophet, 
 and therefore I license the whole book.' " — Zouch's edition of 
 Walton's Lives (York, 1796), pp. 386-7. 
 
 As Herbert was buried March 3, 1632-3, the lines must 
 have been written before that date. They were printed in 1633. 
 
 Mr. Moore quotes this distich, in his article on Prophetic 
 Voices about America, in the Historical Magazine for February, 
 1868, vol., xiii, p. 92. 
 
 Page 159, after line 21, insert. The first edition was pub- 
 lished as early as 1624 ; for Sir Simonds D'Ewes, in his Autobio- 
 graphy (i, 249), mentions having read, on Monday the 5th of 
 July in that year, " many excellent directions and instructions 
 in a small pamphlet styled ' The Life of Faith for the attaining 
 and practising of that Grace ' set forth and published by Mr. 
 Samuel Warde, Bachelor of Divinity, an eminent preacher at 
 Ipswich." 
 
 Page 161, line 2 for 311, contains read 311. It contains. 
 
 Page 176, line 10, for Mecurius read Mercurius. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abbot, George, archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, 179. 
 Acton, John, 127, 164. 
 
 Lydia, 126, 127, 164. 
 
 William, 126, 127. 
 Adams, Charles Francis, 119. 
 Agamenticus, Mount, 87. 
 
 (York, Me.), 73-5, 187. 
 Agawam (Ioswick, Mass.), 47, 48, 
 
 126, 168-70, 
 Aiken, Lucy, 47. 
 Ains worth, Rev. Henry, 28. 
 Albany, N. Y., 171. 
 Aldobrandini, John, cardinal, 144. 
 Alleyne, Abel, 193. 
 
 Mary, 193. 
 American literature, one of the 
 
 first fruits of, 9. 
 Amesbury, Mass., 193. 
 Anabaptists, 11. 
 Andover, Mass., 70, 77. 
 Anne, Cape, 87. 
 Antinomian troubles, 51. 
 Appleton, John, 6, 57, 190. 
 
 William Sumner, 6, 122. 
 Arms of Ward, 123. 
 Ashborne, Abigail, 126. 
 
 Rev, John, 126. 
 
 Joseph, 126. 
 Ashe, Rev. Simon, 119. 
 Atwood, Anne, 127. 
 Aylmer, John, bishop of London, 
 15 ; his threat, 16. 
 
 Bacon, Francis, viscount St. Al- 
 bans, 25-27, 159 ; a dedica- 
 tion to him, 25. 
 
 Badingham, Eng., 126. 
 
 Baily or Bailiffe, John, 127. 
 
 Bainbridge, Harriet A., 126. 
 
 Bancroft, Richard, archbishop of 
 Canterbury, 179. 
 
 Bangor, Me., 188*. 
 
 Barbadoes, 192-3. 
 
 Barker, Anne, 194. 
 John, 194. 
 
 Barrington, Sir Francis, 68. 
 
 Beaumont, see Rookwood. 
 
 Bellamie, Jerome, 170. 
 
 Bellingham, Richard, 57, 59, 66-7, 
 86 ; see Laws of Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
 Belstead, Eng., 149. 
 
 Blasse, Mr., 141. 
 
 Blomefield, Rev. Francis, 142. 
 
 Bodleian Library, 12, 116, 139 ; 
 Candler's manuscript in, 12, 
 122-3. 
 
 Body of Liberties, 54-67 ; commit- 
 tees to prepare a code of 
 laws, 55 ; Rev. Mr. Cotton 
 presents a draft, 55 ; objec- 
 tions to a code by magis- 
 trates and elders, 55 ; Rev. 
 Messrs. Ward and Cotton 
 present drafts, 56; committee 
 for a digest, 56 ; Mr. Lech- 
 ford makes copies, 57 ; his 
 objections to the ecclesias- 
 tical laws, 58 ; Mr. Ward 
 requested to furnish a copy 
 of the code to be transcribed 
 for the towns, 59 ; the code 
 adopted, 59 ; not recorded 
 by the secretary, 60 ; Gov. 
 Winthrop's memorandum, 
 61 ; authorship of the code, 
 61 ; its publication, 62 ; tes- 
 timonials as to its merits, 
 63 ; provisions for amend- 
 ments, 65 ; most of its arti- 
 cles contained in subsequent 
 digests, 66. 
 Boggas, John, 135. 
 Bohemia, Elizabeth queen of, 21, 
 165 ; Frederick, king of, 22, 
 
206 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bolton, Deborah, 125, 136. 
 Rev. John, 125, 155. 
 Robert, 125, 155. 
 Bond, Henry, 78. 
 Book of Discipline, 16. 
 Boreham,W. W., 12. 
 Boston, Eng., 129. 
 
 Mass., 80, 170, 171, 178, 192-4, 
 
 198-9. 
 Bound, Rev. George, 114, 120, 180, 
 
 182-3. 
 Rev. Nicholas, 126, 182. 
 Bowtell, Stephen, 171. 
 Boxted, Eng., 194. 
 Boynton, Sir Matthew, 46, 69. 
 Bracey or Brucey, Rev. Thomas, 
 
 '49. 
 Bradbnry, John, 202. 
 John Merrill, 41. 
 Mary, 202. 
 Matthew, 41, 202. 
 Thomas, 41. 
 Bradford, Mass., 189-90. 
 Bradstreet, Anne, 109 ; her volnme 
 
 of poems, 117; her descend- 
 ants, 117. 
 Simon, 78, 86, 117. 
 Braintree, Eng., 35, 38. 
 Bramford, Eng., 127, 149, 164. 
 Brandenburg, John Sigismund, 
 
 elector of, 23. 
 Brentwood, Eng., 112, 182. 
 Brickelsea, Eng., 154. 
 Bridge, Rev. William, 37, 147-8. 
 Bridges, Edmund, 167. 
 Bright, Rev. Edward, 172. 
 Brinley, George, 6. 
 British Museum, 13, 100, 116, 121, 
 
 125, 162, 171, 173, 176. 
 Brook, Rev. Benjamin, 15, 16, 32, 
 
 38, 140, 142, 147. 
 Brooks, Peter Chardon, 119. 
 Brown, Rev. Robert, 11. 
 Brownists, 11. 
 Brownrig, Ralph, bishop of Exeter, 
 
 135. 
 Bruce, John, 151, 153. 
 Brucey, see Bracey. 
 Bruer, Rev. Mr., 37. 
 Bucklesham, Eng., 125. 
 Buller, Sir. Francis, 63. 
 Burghlev, William Cecil, baron, 
 
 135. 
 Burial service, English, 37. 
 Burrell, Lydia, 126-7. 
 Burstall, Eng., 128. 
 
 Bury St. Edmunds, 17, 126, 130, 
 
 154, 162-3. 
 Byfield, Adoniram, 171. 
 
 Cadiz, Spain, 84. 
 
 Calamy, Rev. Edmund,104,119,175. 
 
 Callton, Anthony, 131. 
 
 Cambridge, Eng., 128, 134, 202; 
 university at, 20, 121, 135, 
 161, 180, 187. 
 Mass., 36, 77, 79, 106, 117. 
 
 Candler, Rev. Matthias, 13, 18, 21, 
 49, 118, 195 ; notice of him, 
 121 : his pedigree of Ward, 
 121-9. 
 
 Carder, Richard, 80, 83. 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas, 103, 105. 
 
 Carr, Rev. Mr., 37. 
 
 Carter, Rev. John, his funeral ser- 
 mon, 149. 
 
 Cart wright, Rev. Edmund, 126. 
 
 Case, Rev. Thomas, 175. 
 
 Cawton, Rev. Thomas, 175. 
 
 Chadderton, Rev. Lawrence, 20. 
 
 Challice, Philip, 77. 
 
 Chaplaine, Mr., 127. 
 
 Charles I of England, 47, 147, 153, 
 161-2. 
 
 Charles II of England, 120. 
 
 Charlestown, Mass., 79, 80, 117, 
 129, 167, 202. 
 
 Chase, Geo. Wingate, 74, 188, 191. 
 
 Chelmsford, Eng., 41-2, 112. 
 
 Chester, Joseph Lemuel, 51, 115- 
 16, 121-3, 131-2', 142, 171, 
 173, his aid to the author, 
 6, 100, 122, 141, 154; finds 
 wills of John and Samuel 
 Ward, 122, 131 ; discovery 
 relating to Candler's mauu- 
 uscript pedigree at London 
 and Oxford, 122. 
 
 Child, Robert, 63. 
 
 Childerly, Rev. John, 113, 179-80. 
 
 Clark, Benjamin, 192. 
 Deborah, 192. 
 Elizabeth, 192. 
 John, 128. 
 Rev. John, 192. 
 Nathaniel, 192. 
 
 Clarke, G. R., 15. 
 
 Clopton, Mr., 128. 
 Margaret, 49. 
 
 Cochichewick, Coijchawick Quichi- 
 chek, or Qutchicqute, (Ando- 
 ver, Mass.), 70-1, 73, 200. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 207 
 
 Coddenhain, Eng., 121. 
 
 Coddington, William, 198. 
 
 Cogswell, Josepli Green, 110 ; let- 
 ters from quoted, 44, 106. 
 
 Colburn, Jeremiah, 6. 
 
 Colchester, Eng., 128, 148 ; plague 
 at, 35. 
 
 Collier, Rev. Jeremy, 202. 
 
 Conant, Rev. Mr., 119. 
 
 Constable, Sir William, 46, 69. 
 
 Conway, Edward, viscount Con- 
 wav, 140. 
 
 Cook, Rev. Mr., 35. 
 
 Corhett, Richard, bishop of Nor- 
 wich, 144. 
 
 Corboll, Mr., 128. 
 
 Cotton, Rev. John, 42, 56-7, 76, 
 80, 82-3, 139 ; reference to 
 sketches, 33 ; compiles Mo- 
 ses's Judicials, 55 ; editions 
 of Abstract of Laws, 58. 
 Rev. Roland, 192. 
 
 Crane, Sir Robert, 139. 
 
 Cranford, Rev. James, 175. 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, protector of 
 England, 68, 116, 120 ; his 
 reported embarkation for 
 New England, 46, 49. 
 Richard, protector of England, 
 145. 
 
 Cross, Helen, 129. 
 
 Cudworth, James, 47. 
 Rev. Ralph, 47. 
 
 Cushing, Daniel, 192. 
 Deborah, 192. 
 
 Dade, Henrv, 142-4. 
 
 Dale, Elizabeth, 128. 
 
 Dalton, Rev. Timothy, 73. 
 
 Danforth, Rev. Samuel, 195. 
 
 Darly, Sir Richard, 36. 
 
 D'Aulnav, Charles de Menou, lord, 
 77. 
 
 Davids, Rev. Thomas William, 14, 
 39, 109, 114-15, 149, 162, 164, 
 180-1; his aid acknowledged, 
 6, 125, 149 180 ; his account 
 of Shenfield rectory, 179. 
 
 Davy, D. E., collections relating 
 to Suffolk in the British 
 Museum, 125-9. 
 
 Dawson, Henry Barton, 51. 
 
 Dean, Charles, 192. 
 John, 192. 
 
 Deane, Charles, 6. 
 Deborah, 192. 
 
 Deane, Thomas, 192. 
 
 William Reed, 6, 111; his 
 remarks on the writings of 
 Nathaniel Ward, 177-8. 
 
 Dedham, Eng., 128, 134, 194. 
 
 De la Guard, Theodore, 84, 168-70. 
 
 De la Guarden, Theodore, 176. 
 
 Dennington, Eng., 126, 162-3. 
 
 Dennison, Rev. John, 192. 
 
 D'Ewes, Sir Simonds, 203. 
 
 Dexter, Rev. Henrv Martyn, 6. 
 
 Dod, Rev. John, 182. 
 
 Doddridge, Rev. Philip, 155. 
 
 Dorchester, Mass., 79. 
 
 Drake, Samuel Gardner, 3, 6, 123, 
 170, 172. 
 
 Dublin, Ireland, 172. 
 
 Dudley, Thomas, 52, 56, 66, 79, 197. 
 
 Dunmow, Eng., 38. 
 
 Dunster, Rev. Henry, 195. 
 
 Duyckinck, Evert Augustus, 6, 110. 
 George Long, 110. 
 
 Eaton, John, 167. 
 
 Thomas, 190-1. 
 East Bergholt, Eng., 128. 
 Eastern Association, 103, 172. 
 East Hartford, Ct., 192. 
 Eastland merchants, 22. 
 East Mersey, Eng., 194. 
 Edinburgh, Scotland, 161. 
 Edmunds, Alice, 191. 
 Elbing, Prussia, 22, 24. 
 Election days in Massachusetts, 75. 
 Eliot, Rev. John, 88. 
 Elizabeth, queen of England, 27. 
 Ellis, John Harward, 117. 
 Endicott, John, 79. 
 Essex Testimonv, 114-15. 
 
 Watchword, 114-15. 
 Essington, Anne, 164. 
 
 Thomas, 164. 
 Everett, Alexander Hill, 106. 
 
 Edward, 119. 
 Exeter, N. H., 192-3. 
 
 Fairclough, Rev. Lawrence, 14. 
 
 Rev. Samuel, 136-7. 
 Fairfax. Sir Thomas, 195. 
 Falke, Rev. William, 162. 
 Felt, Rev. Joseph Barlow, 74, 101, 
 
 104, 174, 176, 193. 
 Ferguson, Rev. Thomas P., 114, 
 
 182-3. 
 Ferrar, Nicholas, 203. 
 Ferribv, Rev. John, 119. 
 
208 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Firmin, Rev. Giles, 19, 39, 40, 42-3, 
 49, 69-73, 83, 90, 113, 117-18, 
 126, 188 ; letters from, 70-3 ; 
 shipwreck, 84 ; autograph, 
 191. 
 Susan, 69, 88, 126. 
 
 Fitch, W. S., 154. 
 
 Forterie, Rev. Isaac, 148. 
 
 Forth, Mary, 49. 
 
 Framlingham, Eng., 128. 
 
 Frankland, Sir Henry, 86. 
 
 Fuller, Rev. Thomas, 9, 15, 18, 20, 
 119, 142, 150. 
 
 Gataker, Rev. Thomas, 119, 157-8. 
 
 Gateshead, Eng., 36. 
 
 Gedney, Bartholomew, 190. 
 
 George III of England, 100. 
 
 Gerrard, Rev. George, 31. 
 
 Gifford, George, 162. 
 
 Gilbert, or Gilbird, William, 127. 
 
 Gimingham, Eng., 128, 202. 
 
 Golty, John, 125. 
 Rachel, 125. 
 Rev. Richard, 125. 
 
 Gondomar, Don Diego Sarmiento, 
 count de, 151. 
 
 Goodere, Rev. Henry, 113-14, 179- 
 82. 
 
 Goodhue, William, 90. 
 
 Gorges, Thomas, 73. 
 
 Gorton, Samuel, 33, 80-3. 
 
 Gouge, Rev. Mr., 125. 
 Rev. William, 119. 
 
 Gray, Francis Galley, 66-7 ; finds 
 and edits the Body of Liber- 
 ties, 62 ; his remarks upon 
 it, 63. 
 
 Grey, Rev. Zachary, 96. 
 
 Griggs, Thomas, 128. 
 
 Griswold, Rufus Wilmot, 110, 117. 
 
 Grosse, Rev. Mr., 119. 
 
 Hacket, John, bishop of Litchfield, 
 
 • 140. 
 Hadleigh, Eng., 40, 69, 187. 
 Hall, Samuel, 196-8. 
 Hambledon, Eng. 182. 
 Hamilton, Mass., 87. 
 Hammatt, Abraham, 90. 
 Hampden, John, 46. 
 Hampton, N. H., 87. 
 Hardy, Thomas, 126. 
 Harrison, Mr., 125. 
 Harsnet, Samuel, archbishop of 
 York, 140. 
 
 Hartford, Ct., 194-5. 
 
 Harvard College, 6, 77, 88, 192, 195. 
 
 Harwich, Eng., 145. 
 
 Haselrig, Sir Arthur, 46. 
 
 Hatfield Broad Oak, Eng., 68. 
 
 Hathorne, William, 59. 
 
 Haverhill, Eng., 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 
 
 74, 122, 124, 135-8, 162, 184. 
 Mass., 70, 74, 76, 88, 123, 167, 
 
 184-5, 187-8, 190, 195, 201. 
 Heidelberg, Germany, 21, 22, 184. 
 Herbert, Rev. George, 203. 
 Hibbins, William, 66. 
 Hill, Rev. Thomas, 119. 
 Hills, Joseph, 67, 129. 
 Homes, Henry A., 171. 
 Hooker, Rev. Thomas, 30, 40-3; 
 
 reference to sketches, 42 ; 
 
 anecdote of, 42. 
 Hopkins, Rev. Samuel, 11. 
 Howlet, Thomas, 77, 167. 
 Hull, Eng., 68. 
 Hume, David, 47. 
 Hunt, W. P., 153. 
 Hunter, Rev. Joseph, 121-2, 131. 
 Hutchinson, Anne, 51-3 ; reference 
 
 to sketches, 51. 
 Thomas, 33, 46, 58-9. 
 Hutton, Eng., 125. 
 
 Ipswich, Eng., 27, 45-6, 122, 124-9, 
 135, 138-9, 143-4, 146, 149- 
 51, 154-5, 158-64. 
 Mass., 47-8, 54, 69, 73-5, 
 77-8, 117, 126, 167, 184, 187, 
 190, 193-5, 200 ; character of 
 its settlers, 48, 86, 90; its 
 scenery, .86. 
 
 Isleham, Eng., 136. 
 
 Jacie, see Jessey. 
 
 Jacob, Rev. Philip, 128. 
 
 Jacombe, Rev. Samuel, 172. 
 
 Jamaica, 127-8. 
 
 James I of England, 21, 152-3, 
 
 159, 179. 
 Jessey, Rev. Henry, 35, 37-8. 
 Jewett, Joseph, 77. 
 Johnson, Deborah, 128. 
 
 Edward, 65 ; verses by him 
 166. 
 
 Isaac, 196. 
 Joyce, George, 95. 
 Jude, Mr., 136-7. 
 
 Kedington, Eng., 136. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 209 
 
 Keldon, see Kelvedon. 
 Kellingworth, Rainford, 31. 
 Kelvedon, Eng, 35-6, 38. 
 Kidby, Rev. John, 113-14, 180-2. 
 King, John, bishop of London, 30. 
 Kingston, N. H., 192. 
 Kirby, Eng., 113, 180-1. 
 Knapp, Robert, 135. 
 Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 193. 
 
 Lambe, Sir John, 147. 
 
 La Tour, Charles de St. Etienne, 
 lord de, 77-8. 
 
 Laud, William, archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, 20, 30, 33, 36, 85, 
 142-3, 149, 163 ; his treat- 
 ment of Puritans, 38 ; reply 
 to Mr. Ward, 39. 
 
 Lawrence, Margaret, 129. 
 Matthew, 129. 
 
 Laws of Massachusetts, 54, 129 ; 
 Mr. Bellingham made a 
 committee to revise them, 
 59 ; requested to finish his 
 work, 66 ; reports a collec- 
 tion of laws, 66 ; three com- 
 mittees to draw up bodies 
 of laws, 66 ; the report, 66 ; 
 a new committee, 66 ; the 
 laws are printed, 65, 67 ; see 
 Body of Liberties. 
 
 Lechford, Thomas, author of Plain 
 Dealing, 57, 194, 196; see 
 Body of Liberties. 
 
 Leech, Deborah, 125. 
 
 Lenox, James, 6. 
 
 Lenthall, Margaret, 128. 
 
 Leyden, John of (Jan Bockelson), 
 175. 
 
 Lidgate, Eng., 49, 123, 126-8. 
 
 London, Eng., 81, 84, 89, 91-2, 101, 
 103-4, 117, 126-7, 136, 158- 
 61, 163-4, 168, 170-4, 176, 
 194, 196. 
 
 Lord, Robert, 129. 
 
 Lowndes, William Thomas, 161. 
 
 Ludlam, Rev. Mr., 119. 
 
 Malaga, Spain, 83. 
 Maiden, Eng., 129. 
 
 Mass., 129. 
 Manningtree, Eng., 153, 159. 
 Manton, Rev. Mr., 202. 
 Marblehead, Mass., 72. 
 Marshall, Rev. Mr., 37-8. 
 
 Rev. Stephen, 37. 
 
 27 
 
 Massachusetts colony, its settlers 
 non-conformists while in 
 England, 50. 
 Laws, see Laws of Massachu- 
 setts and Body of Liberties. 
 
 Mather, Rev. Cctton, 9, 12, 20-2, 
 29, 69, 90, 104, 119, 188 ; his 
 life of John Ward, 184-7. 
 Rev. Increase, 172. 
 Rev. Samuel, 58. 
 
 Mildmav, Sir Walter, 20. 
 
 Miriek, B. L., 188. 
 
 Monks Eleigh, Eng., 127. 
 
 Montague, Richard, bishop of Nor- 
 wich, 141-2. 
 
 Monteine or Mountaigne, George, 
 archbishop of York, 30. 
 
 Mountnessing, Eng., 112. 
 
 Moore, George Henry, 129, 203. 
 
 Morality of New England, 88. 
 
 Mordaunt, John, baron Mordaunt 
 and earl of Peterborough, 41 . 
 
 Morgan, Edward, 145. 
 
 Morrice, Rev. Roger, his Second 
 Part of a Register, 16. 
 
 Mottershed, Thomas, 149. 
 
 Munnings, Rev. Mr., 128. 
 
 Nason, Rev. Elias, his description 
 
 of Ipswich, 86. 
 Neal, Rev. Daniel, 142. 
 Newbury, Mass., 49, 73, 87, 187, 
 
 189-90, 194. 
 Newburyport, Mass., 87. 
 Newcastle, Eng., 91. 
 Newcourt, Richard, 16, 29, 32, 114, 
 
 180, 182. 
 Neweman, Lawrence, 131. 
 New England, its settlers not 
 
 Brownists, 11 ; their mo- 
 rality, 88. 
 Norton, Eng., 126. 
 
 Rev. John, 54,^ 78 ; reference 
 
 to sketches, 50. 
 Norwich, Eng, 138, 141-2, 144, 
 
 147-8, 163. 
 Noyes, Rev. James, 49. 
 Nuttall,Mr,141. 
 
 Odlin, Dudley, 193. 
 
 Rev. Elisha, 193. 
 
 John, 1 93. 
 
 Rev. John, 192. 
 
 Rev. Woodbridge, 193. 
 Oxford, Eng, 132 ; university at, 
 . 88, 127, 179, 195. 
 
210 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Palfrey, John Gorham, 78, 80, 
 110-11. 
 
 Palmer, Rev. Samuel, 125, 129. 
 
 Paramoor, Rev. Mr., 119. 
 
 Parens, David, 184; notice of, 21. 
 
 Parker, Rev. Robert, 47. 
 
 Rev. Thomas, 47-9 ; reference 
 to sketches, 48. 
 
 Parliament and the army, 91, 107. 
 
 Passaconaway, 72. 
 
 Pentucket (Haverhill, Mass.), 70- 
 3, 167, 199, 200. 
 
 Peters, Rev. Hugh, 73, 89, 90, 92, 
 101-2, 110, 172-4. 
 Rev. Samuel, 90. 
 
 Phillips, Rev. Samuel, 189, 190. 
 Stephen Henry, 62 ; his opi- 
 nion of the Body of Liberties, 
 64. 
 
 Piscataquack (Portsmouth, N. H.), 
 74. 
 
 Plymouth, N. E., its settlers semi- 
 separatists, 11, 50. 
 
 Poole, William Frederick, 6, 61 ; 
 his opinion of the preamble 
 to the Body of Liberties, 65 ; 
 his edition of the Wonder- 
 working Providence, 65. 
 
 Porter, Mr., 196. 
 
 Potter, Robert, 45, 82. 
 
 Powow Hill, 87. 
 
 Prague in Bohemia, 165. 
 
 Prince, Rev. Thomas, 172-3. 
 
 Providence island, 69. 
 
 Prussia, Frederick, archduke of, 
 23 
 
 Prynne, William, 142-3, 146. 
 
 Pulsifer, David, 88, 169, 170, 202. 
 
 Puritan, the term, 50 ; apparel, 37. 
 
 Pym, John, 30-1. 
 
 Quichichacke, or Qutchicqute, see 
 Cochichewick. 
 
 Rainbow, Rev. Mr., 202. 
 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 147. 
 Raw, Mr., 153. 
 Rawson, Edward, 198. 
 Rayne, Eng., 13, 124. 
 Reeve, Rev. E. I., 32, 183. 
 Religion stands on tiptoe, 144, 146, 
 
 203. 
 Religious Liberty, see Toleration. 
 Rich, Edward, 30. 
 
 Henry, earl of Holland, 30. 
 
 John, 30. 
 
 Rich, Nathaniel, 30. 
 
 Sir Nathaniel, 30-1. 
 Richard, 30. 
 Robert, 30. 
 
 Robert, earl of Warwick, 30, 
 40. 
 Rickinghall, Eng., 128. 
 Rivenhall, Eng., 13, 14, 124. 
 Robinson, Rev. John, 110. 
 Robotham, Mr., 137. 
 Rogers, Rev. Daniel, 38, 43, 115. 
 Rev. Ezekiel, 69, 78, 187; 
 reference to sketches, 68 ; 
 comes to New England, 68. 
 Rev. John, anecdote of, 19, 134. 
 Rev. Nathaniel, 36, 69, 78, 150 ; 
 
 reference to sketches, 53. 
 Rev. Nehemiah, 35. 
 Rev. Richard, 17, 19, 124, 131, 
 134 ; reference to sketches, 
 19. 
 Rolfe, Rev. Benjamin, 190. 
 Rookwood, alias Beaumont, 41. 
 Rotterdam, Holland, 148. 
 Rowley, Eng., 68. 
 
 Mass., 69, 77-8, 82, 87, 187, 
 189, 190, 200. 
 Roxbury, Mass., 79. 
 Rudyard, Sarah, 125. 
 Rupert, Prince, 27; verses on his 
 
 Rushworth,'john, 142, 202. 
 
 Russell, Richard, 167. 
 
 Ryle, Rev. J. C, 15, 136-7, 139, 
 
 140, 148-9, 156, 161. 
 Ryves, Sir Thomas, 144. 
 
 Salem, Mass., 189. 
 Salisbury, Mass., 77, 87, 167. 
 Saltonstall, Elizabeth, 189-92. 
 
 Gurdon, 119, 192. 
 
 John, 192. 
 
 Leverett, 119. 
 
 Nathaniel, 189-92. 
 
 Richard, 78, 86, 192. 
 Savage, James, 88, 99, 195. 
 Sawbridge, Rev. Anthony, 39, 40. 
 Sawyer, Rev. John, 188. 
 Seamier, Rev. John, 114, 182. 
 Scott, Benjamin, 50. 
 Scudder, Rev. Mr., 119. 
 Sedgwick, Robert, 167. 
 Separatists, 11, 50. 
 Sermons, preached by centena- 
 rians, 188. 
 Sewall, Stephen, 191. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 211 
 
 Slialford, Eng., 118, 126. 
 
 Shenfield, 126, 179-82, 184; Mr. 
 Ward's ministry there, 111— 
 20 ; description of the place, 
 111 ; view of church at, 112 ; 
 rectors, 113, 179 ; registers 
 (commence in 1538), 182. 
 
 Shepard, Rev. Thomas, 38, 44, 
 200-1 ; reference to sketches, 
 36. 
 
 Sheppard, John Hannibal, 6, 157. 
 
 Sherman, Edward, 194. 
 Philip, 194. 
 Samuel, 194. 
 
 Shoals, Isles of, 87. 
 
 Short Story of the Rise, Reign and 
 Ruin of Antinoniiamsm, 36. 
 
 Sibley, John Langdon, 6. 
 
 Sicklemore, John, 145. 
 
 Simonds, Samuel, 78, 86. 
 
 Simsbury, Ct., 192. 
 
 Smart, Rev. Mr., 128. 
 
 Smith, Rev. Mr., 202. 
 
 Somerby, Horatio Gates, 121. 
 
 Somers Islands, 68. 
 
 Southey, Robert, his copy of the 
 Simple Cobler, 9. 
 
 Sproughton, Eng., 129. 
 
 Squam beach, 87. 
 
 Stapleford Tawney, Eng., 125. 
 
 St. Christopher, 127. 
 
 Stondon Massey, Eng., 29-32, 111, 
 113, 142, 184, 196; rector- 
 ship of Mr. Ward, 29-44 ; 
 description of the place, 31 ; 
 view of the church, 29 ; no 
 registers earlier than the 
 last century, 32. 
 
 Stoughton, Israel, 42. 
 Rev. John, 47. 
 
 Stradbroke, Eng., 161. 
 
 Stratford, Eng., 194. 
 
 Suffolk, Thomas Howard, earl of, 
 159. 
 
 Symines, Rev. Zachary, 189, 190. 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y., 188. * 
 
 Tarlton, Henrv, 192. 
 
 Thelnetham, Eng., 127. 
 
 Thexton, Rev. Robert, 128. 
 Rev. Thomas, 128. 
 
 Thomason, George, 84, 94, 101, 
 116, 172-4 ; his collection of 
 civil war tracts, 81, 99. 
 
 Thornton, John Wingate, 6, 34. 
 
 Toleration, 10, 93, 114-15. 
 
 Topsfield, Mass., 87. 
 
 Trigg, John, 136-7. 
 
 Trumbull, James Hammond, his 
 edition of Lechford's Plain 
 Dealing, 57; his information 
 relative to Dr. John Ward, 
 194-5. 
 
 Tudor, William, 86, 110. 
 
 Usher, James, archbishop of Ar- 
 magh, 27, 41, 48, 202 ; anec- 
 dote of him, 40. • 
 
 Utrecht, Holland, 148. 
 
 Vane, Sir Henry, 31. 
 Vicars, John, 147, 162. 
 
 Waite, Abigail, 129. 
 
 Anne, 129. 
 
 John, 129. 
 
 Joseph, 129. 
 
 Mary, 123, 129. 
 
 Margaret, 129. . 
 
 Samuel, 18, 129. 
 
 Sarah, 129. 
 
 Susan, 129. 
 
 Thomas, 129. 
 Wadeson, Rev. Thomas, 202. 
 Waldo, Rev. Daniel, 188. 
 Walker, Rev. Mr., 119. 
 Walton, Izaac, 203. 
 Wangford, Eng., 126. 
 Ward, Abigail, 18, 126-8, 130, 154. 
 
 Anne, 128, 194. 
 
 Alice, autograph, 191. 
 
 Deborah, 125, 128, 154. 
 
 Edward, 18, 128, 131. 
 
 Elizabeth, 191-2. 
 
 James, M. B., 88, 118, 126; 
 biographical sketch, 195. 
 
 James, 127. 
 
 Rev. John of Haverhill and 
 Bury, Eng., 18, 122, 135, 
 184 ; his ministry, 14 ; mural 
 tablet at Haverhill, 17; pedi- 
 gree and family, 124 ; will, 
 130. 
 
 Rev. John of Dennington, 
 Burv and Ipswich, Eng., 17, 
 19, 92, 123-4, 130, 155 ; me- 
 moir, 162 ; pedigree and 
 family, 126. 
 
 Rev. John of Hadleigh, Eng., 
 aud Haverhill, Mass., 32, 40, 
 69, 72-5, 118, 123, 126, 166 ; 
 biographical sketch, 184 ; 
 
21: 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ward, Rev. John, etc. — Contin ued. 
 birth and education, 184, 
 187 ; instituted at Hadleigh, 
 in Essex, 40, 186-7 ; removes 
 to New England, 09, 185, 
 187 ; preaches at Agamenti- 
 cus, 73, 187 ; settled as 
 minister of Haverhill, Mass., 
 74, 185, 188; preaches in 
 his eighty-eighth year, 187- 
 8 ; death, 74, 187-8 ; will, 
 189-90; character, 185-8; 
 autograph, 191 ; pedigree, 
 126 ; descendants, 191-3. 
 
 Rev. John, 127, 148. 
 
 John, chirurgeon, 193 ; pa- 
 rents and relatives, 194-5. 
 
 John, 126, 194. 
 
 Rev. Joseph, 125, 154-5. 
 
 Lydia, 126-7. 
 
 Martha, 127. 
 
 Mary, 18, 127, 130, 191-2. 
 
 Rev. Nathaniel of Stondon 
 Massey, England, Ipswich, 
 Mass., and Shenfield, Eng. 
 his birth and parentage, 12, 
 184 ; education, 20, 184 ; an 
 outer barrister, 20, 184 ; 
 travels, 21, 27, 184 ; enters 
 the ministry, 22, 1^4 ; rector 
 of Stondon Massey, 29-44 ; 
 tried for nonconformity, 33 ; 
 excommunicated and de- 
 prived of his living, 39 ; 
 anecdote of Archbishop Ush- 
 er, 40 ; other anecdotes, 42, 
 116 ; his sayings, 43, 90 ; 
 emigrates to New England, 
 and settles as pastor at Ips- 
 wich, 44, 184 ; conference 
 with Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, 
 51 ; compiles the Body of 
 Liberties, 54; is joined by 
 his son, 69 ; preaches the 
 election sermon, 75 ; con- 
 veys land to Harvard Col- 
 lege, 77 ; signs the Ipswich 
 remonstrance, 78 ; interview 
 with a follower of Gorton, 
 80 ; departure of his son-in- 
 law for Europe, 86 ; writes 
 the Simple Cobbler, 84 ; 
 returns to England, 85, 91, 
 184 ; his house at Ipswich, 
 90 ; his publications, 91-111, 
 168-77 ; ministry at Shen- 
 
 Ward, Rev. Nath., etc. — Contin ued. 
 field, 111-20, 182, 184 ; his 
 wife, 118 ; death, 119, 184 ; 
 pedigree and family, 13, 118, 
 126 ; descendants/126, 191- 
 3 ; deeds by, 77, 167 ; cha- 
 racter of his writings, 9, 110, 
 177-8 ; of his mind, 9, 109, 
 185 ; autograph, 191 ; letters 
 by, 196-201; debts, 185. 
 Rev. Nathaniel, 32, 125, 154-5. 
 Nathaniel, 194. 
 Philip, 127. 
 
 Rev. Samuel of Haverhill and 
 Ipswich, Eng., 17-19, 22, 
 122, 126, 130, 132-3, 163, 
 202 ; memoir, 135 ; birth 
 and education, 135 ; lecturer 
 at Haverhill, 136 ; town 
 preacher at Ipswich, 138 ; de- 
 signs a satirical print, 151 ; is 
 taken into custody, 151 ; re- 
 leased, 153 ; tried for noncon- 
 formity, 139 ; imprisoned, 
 146 ; signs a submission, 148 ; 
 his portrait, 153 ; will, 154 ; 
 character as a writer, 155 ; 
 list of publications, 158 - 62 ; 
 autograph, 139 ; pedigree 
 and children, 125-6, 154. 
 Rev. Samuel, master of Syd- 
 ney College, 161. 
 Samuel, 49, 123, 125-8. 
 Sarah, 127. 
 Mrs. Susan, or Susanna, 12, 
 
 17, 19, 124, 131, 133-34. 
 Susan, 69, 126-7. 
 Webb, John, 135. 
 Welde, Rev. Thomas, 38 ; reference 
 
 to sketches, 36. 
 West Mersey, Eng., 194. 
 Westminster, .96; Assembly, 91, 
 
 163, 201. 
 Wethersfield, Ct,, 194. 
 
 Eng., 17, 19, 129, 134. 
 Wharton, Rev. Mr., 37-8. 
 
 Rev. Samuel, 37. 
 Wheelwright, Rev. John, reference 
 to sketches, 51 ; Indian deed 
 to, 51. 
 Whipple, John, 190. 
 Whitaker, Rev. Alexander, bap- 
 tizes Pocahontas, 14. 
 Rev. Jeremiah, 119. 
 Rev. William, his opinion of 
 John Ward, senior, 14. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 213 
 
 White, John, 190. 
 William, 190-1. 
 
 Whitmore, William Henry, 6, 124. 
 
 Wicken Bonant, Bng., 40-1, 202. 
 
 Williams, Rev. Daniel, his library 
 
 in Red Cross Street, London, 
 
 16. 
 
 John, archbishop of York, 140. 
 
 Rev. Roger, his Brownist 
 
 principles, 11. 
 
 Willis, Thomasine, 155. 
 
 Wilson, Rev. Mr., 119. 
 Rev. John, 79, 90. 
 
 Winstanley, William, 27, 165. 
 
 Windsor, Ct., 192. 
 
 Winslow, Edward, 88, 91, 110 ; his 
 Hypocrisy Unmasked, 81. 
 
 Winthrop, John, governor of Mas- 
 sachusetts, 21, 33, 49, 53, 
 55-6, 58, 62, 66, 70, 72-3, 
 76-7, 79, 80, 195 ; letters to, 
 196, 198-201. 
 
 Winthrop, John, governor of Con- 
 necticut, 35, 49 ; letter to, 619. 
 
 Woburn, Mass., 61. 
 
 Wqdderspoon, John, 138, 148, 154, 
 
 157. 
 Wood, Anthony, 113, 179. 
 
 Ambrose, 157-8. 
 
 John, 131. 
 
 Samuel, 18. 
 
 William, 47. 
 Woodbridge, Rev. Benj., 189, 92. 
 
 Benjamin, 192-3. 
 
 Deborah, 192. 
 
 Rev. Dudley, 192-3. 
 
 Dudley, 192-3. 
 
 Elizabeth, 192. 
 
 Rev. John, 189, 190, 192. 
 
 Mary, 189, 192. 
 
 Rev. Samuel, 192. 
 
 Ruth, 193. 
 Wright, Rev. Robert, 162. 
 
 Thomas, 31. 
 Writtle, Eng, 15, 16. 
 Wykes, Rev. Thomas, 161. 
 
 Yates, Rev. John, 141, 202. 
 
 York, Me., 187. 
 
 Young, Rev. Alexander, 170. 
 

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