<:c.V, THE ARMY THE NAVY ^' m Ss^g=^=^^^r^|g^g=^fe»^S=Jr%^=^^^ ^^g-44^^:i^4=fe ^:4^ qfe%? ^^^^^^^^^2 ^ ^^ -We shall fight for the thingf^^ which we have always carried nearest our hearts — for democ- racy^ for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments ^ for the rights and liberties of small nations^ for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free people as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free.^^ JAN 25 1918 IBiliiS 'UT-COM COMMAHOER CAPTAIN i^ ^ ^^^F^ F^ F^Fm^'m A FOREWORD [ITH millions of young men registered in the United States for national service, it is proper, perhaps, that a little booklet such as this may be put forth illus- trative of the various branches of Military and Naval life to which these youth of the land' are assigned to duty. It has been prepared with much care and a rigid respect for accuracy in detail and in statement and has been passed upon by both the War and Navy Departments of our government. It is hoped that these accuracies and these facts may prove of interest, and make us look with more pride upon a flag whose honor has been untainted since it first fluttered to the dawn, and the splendor of whose hues has every- where been accepted as a covenant representing neither aggression nor conquest nor dominion. 1 INFANTRYMAN FTor.t and re-ar tiev:—Full Field Equipment ^^^^^^^ INPANTRY HE infantry is, in a sense, the army. Other arms of the serv- ice — the cavalry, artillery, etc. — are auxiliary. They are for the pur- pose of enabling the infantry to win battles. There are about 26,000 men in an army division. Of this total the infantry numbers about 19,000, the cavalry, ar- tillery, engineers, sanitary train, signal corps, being about 7,000. On the march the division extends along fifteen miles of road, and moves at the rate of two to two and one-half miles an hour. At the end of every fifty minutes the division halts and the men are allowed ten min- utes rest, with an hour for lunch. A division is the smallest tactical unit. In the words of General Wood, it is the smallest unit that can be called an army. Our army is not organized into tactical divisions, however, having been dis- tributed widely among bur forty-nine mobile army posts. [^ ^:^:^P^^::^^rp^^^^ CAVALRYMAN Showing complete Field Equipment of Soldier and Horse Yellow Hat Cord M „ „■ „ ,,.,.,. & ^^^^=^^=^^^m^^^m^^ CAVALRY HE cavalryman, or " trooper," because of the open forma- tion of most cavalry move- ments, must have plenty of dash and individual resourcefulness. He must, of course, be a horseman of more than ordinary skill. He must be able to vault into the saddle from the ground, and must know how to care for his horse as well. The arms of the cavalryman are the saber, rifle, and automatic pistol. He is required at times to dismount and fight on foot, a phase of service in which the cavalry of this country excels. The division on the march is pre- ceded by a regiment of cavalry, which reconnoitres, and screens the move- ments of the division by preventing the enemy from reconnoitring. ^ ^ ENGINEER Equipment same as Infantryman Scarlet and White Hat Cord Device ^ ^ ^^^^r^f^^^^^^^^^^ g^^ ENGINEERS (HE engineer often receives a part of his training in civil life. He must, how- ever, also have specialized knowl- edge for army service. He solves problems of camp loca- tion and drainage; constructs cover for the men in the trenches; erects field fortifications; creates obstruc- tions for the enemy and clears them away for his own division; builds railroads, bridges and repairs roads, does all pioneering work, and, in short, actually performs and su- perintends all construction plans of the army. Army engineers built the Panama Canal. ^^^^^^^m SIGNAL CORPS HE signal troops are the nerves of the division. The commander of the division can communicate with any part of it by telephone on the march. A signal battalion furnishes com- munication by flag signals, heliograph, acetylene lamps, semaphore, field tele- phone, field telegraph, and wireless. It is composed of 173 men, with 180 animals. It carries a shop wagon, two instrument wagons, six wire carts, twenty miles of wire, and four radio sections. The Signal Corps has complete charge of the aviation, telegraph, wire- less telegraph, telephones, photography and ordinary signalling methods. In this branch are thousands of men drawn from the electrical field. AVIATOR IN FLYING COSTUME Distinguishing color same as Signal Corps ?^<:^^^ ^M-y^^^^jsg? AVIATION HE Aviation Corps, listed as aeroplane serv- ice, has supplanted the cavalry of the old days, as the eyes and ears of the army. Its importance in this service has been but recently demon- strated, and so greatly has this importance been valued that all nations have contracted for thou- sands upon thousands of these birds of the air. Signalling, of course, is done from aeroplanes, but greater duties of the aero squadron are scouting and directing artillery fire. The Aviation Corps is part of the regular Army Signal Corps. ARMORED MOTOR CYCLE i /^ V^fc ^ ^ p L. ■^-:^.^^rr^i-J^, ■^ :^. ^^j-^rr^^^.^r'S^^xr^:^^^^^'^^^—^ ~^~^^ir^^^'^^-^~^^^' ^''^^-^^^ ^p ARTILLERY ^S T the present time we hear much about the coast artil- ^^^ lery, which is made up of fixed or stationary cannon, set in bat- teries made up of two or more guns within proper fortifications on various strategic points where they may eifect- ively oppose naval attacks. Artillery for fortifications is of a character similar to coast artillery. Siege guns are of as heavy a calibre or power as the guns used in fortifica- tions, but are mounted so that they may be moved by motor power or train from one point to another. \ Field, horse and mountain artillery are exactly what their names imply — the mobile adaptable guns of an army-. Machine guns do not form part of the artillery. Picked men are de- tailed from each regiment of infantry to operate the machine guns. 1 ! 1^ "^^^^^ll^^^^"^ 1^, i^= b:%:^::::^r-^:::$r-^i:^7-^;^A^;^--^i^^ 18 FIELD & COAST ARTILLERY IN ACTION 19 ^ MARINE AND SAILOR iN a 27,oooton battleship is a crew of some i,ioo men. In battle, some 400 or more men are engaged in serving the main battery guns; possibly twenty ac- tually see the result of the fire. In the engine rooms are nearly 300 more men upon whose efficiency depends in no less degree the success of the battle. The Marines are in effect sea-going infantry. They are called into action when a seaport must be quickly seized, or a legation in a foreign country pro- tected. A battleship carries two offi- cers and about seventy men of the Marine Corps. There are in the Navy, in peace times. Sailors, Marines, and Officers. In our Naval Militia are enlisted men and officers. MARINE— Full Dress Uniform s35S3^^z-ii:r SAILOR — Service Uniform '~\liP^ Marine Corps Device Navy Device DREADNAUGHTS ^-^^^rf^^r^^^^^^^f^^-^^^^^^^^ |AVAL strength is purely com- parative. At the outbreak of the Span- ish War we had but five battleships, two armored cruisers, and twenty-nine smaller cruisers. In our program it is now contemplated that by 1921 we shall have fifty-two battleships, six battle cruisers, and forty-one cruisers. The term "superdreadnaught" has been coined for battleships of 25,000 tons and speed of from twenty-one to twenty-five knots. Similarly the term *'predreadnaught" designates the other battleships, of not over 16,000 tons. Our Nevada and Oklahoma are 27,500 ton ships, as are England's Queen Eliza- beth and Warspite. Our Arizona and Pennsylvania, just completed, are of 3 1,400 tons. Our Idaho, Mississippi, and New Mexico, under construction, are of 32,000 tons. ^^^^^^^^^ DREADNAUGHT {Bird's-Eye View) m TORPEDO BOAT DESTROYERS ,HE torpedo boat, a small craft of from fifty to about 300 tons displacement, is being largely displaced by the destroyer, a similar ves- sel of 350 to 1,100 tons. Both types are armed with small guns as well as torpedo equipment, and their speed varies from nineteen to thirty-three knots. They are important as raiders, and for screening naval operations by trailing thick clouds of smoke. The torpedo is the most deadly missile in naval warfare. A hollow steel pro- jectile of the size of a small pleasure boat, it contains most intricate and del- icately adjusted mechanisms, for pro- pelling it, for steering it, and for timing the explosion. By means of the gyro- scope the torpedo may be made to de- scribe a winding path before striking its target. By means of wireless methods, the torpedo has been made even more destructive. ^ II I TORPEDO VESSELC'DESTROYER") At Full Speed in the Open Sea M SUBMARINES IKE the aeroplane, the sub- marine is undergoing changes so rapidly, and usually so secretly, that it is difficult to make statements of fact about it. It has been claimed that a crew of eighteen to twenty-four can live for three or four weeks on the supply of air in its containers, without coming to the surface. The submarine is sub- merged partly by the flooding of its ballast tanks with sea water, and partly by the action of its horizontal rudders when in motion. Its lowest safety depth is 200 feet; below that it .will collapse from the pressure of the water above it. It is said that a submarine can aim (through its periscope), discharge a torpedo, and dive, in five seconds. The submarine is a raider rather than a tactical implement. SUBMARINE RUNNING ON SURFACE Coming into Harbor SCOUT CRUISERS HE old type of armored cruiser, a vessel of 9,000 to 16,000 tons, has given way on the one hand to the "battle cruiser," a vessel of 17,000 tons and over, and on the other hand to the "scout cruiser," of 5,000 tons or less, and built for great speed. At the outset of the great war in 1914 Germany had building four new battle cruisers of 28,000 tons each, and Japan four of 27,500 tons each. Eng- land has ten. The United States at that time had none, but four were started in 1916. The battle in which the Bluecher was sunk was fought on both sides by battle cruisers. The value of speed in battle cruisers (twenty-five to thirty knots) was well demonstrated by England's victory in that battle. The latest Navy bill provides for ten "scout cruisers" for the United States. fe^^^ry^^M-^^^'^^^sfwa SCOUT CRUISER ON PATROL DUTY IW 1^ E^^^-^ It r^ylw MEDICAL DEPT. i j^^^^HE duties of the Medl- s ^m cal Corps are of great n ^^ importance, and look- m ing after the wounded with the \l aid of the Red Cross, is but a i part of them. The health of the Army and the prevention of disease, in- spection of food and water sup- ply, and other camp sanitations, are in its jurisdiction. The Medical Department is supplemented by the Hospital Corps, the Nurse Corps, the Dental Corps and the Veterinary Corps. The Red Cross is an inter- national badge respected by all forces. '^^^^^^^^^^^ m MOTOR AMBULANCE AND FIELD HOSPITAL Maroon Hat Cord Device 2^ s^^ WHAT EVERY SOLDIER OUGHT TO KNOW i f^^^^t^^ HE object to be aimed at m the training of a soldier is to make him, in mind and better man than his adver- body, a sary on the field of battle. Fitness for war is the only thing that counts, and every soldier should school him- self to keep this constantly in mind. His first duty is to acquire a soldierly spirit. This will help him to bear fatigue, privation, and danger cheer- fully, will give him confidence in him- self, his officers, and his comrades. and will produce such a high degree of courage and disregard of self that, in the day of battle, he will use his brains and his weapons coolly and to the best advantage. A soldier must learn to be proud of his profession ii and particularly so of his own regi- ment or corps. T p "■"^^^&ra^^^^^^ m AI^M LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 011 394 8358« S NAV^