J ^9 l^/ DEARBORN'S REMINISCENCES OF BOSTON, AND GUIDE THROUGH THE CITY AND ENVIRONS. BOSTON: PRINTED, PUBLISHED AND SOLD BT NATHANIEL DEARBORN, 104 Washington Street. Sold also by Wm. D. Ticknor & Co. ; S. G. Simpkins ; and George Redding & Co. ^^' Entered according to the act of Congress, in the yeai 1851, BY NATHANIEL DEARBORN, In the ckrk's office of the District Court of Mass. "^"^^ '^ The compiler of this little manual has long been aware that some similar work has been needed, for the ben- efit of strangers visiting the city, and as a compact record of the doings of its enterprising, philanthropic and politic citizens. Boston has been without such a publication for many- past years, and travelers have been anxious to possess something which in its local details, w^ould help them to see. study and understand, what sort of a people they are amongst, and what interesting objects here, maybe worthy of their first attention. The compiler of this Guide has aimed to make a suit- able record of every public city association, with every prominent object within and about its boundaries, and hopes he has now presented a work worthy of its labor and collation, and of the kindly notice of Bostonians ; yet, if any institution, having for its views and acts, the pro- motion of the best good of the people, may not be found recorded in these pages, if correct information of its do- ings or printed report will be forwarded to the publisher, for some future number, it will surely have a place therein. The present edition is less than one thousand copies, and if these may meet a ready sale, another will follow as the occasion may require. THESE PAGES ARE RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED HON. JAMES SAVAGE For his elevated character as a man, blended with the choice and bland proprieties of the gentleman ; for his talents as an interesting writer and historian, and for his usefulness in prominently aiding the phi- lanthropic and politic movements of his favored as- sociates, through a long vista of years. That his life may be continued in the enjoyment •of health and happiness, and eventually adorn our record as the ripest inhabitant on this probationary €phere, are the aspirations of his much obliged friend and very humble servant, Nathaniel Dearbohn. CONTENTS. Academy of Arts & Sciences, 49. Adams Samuel, 37. Adams J. and Beiij. West, 86. Alms houses, 74. American Auxil'y Educa'n So. 103. American Statistical Society, 121. American Peace Society, 126. Ancient & modern names of sts.172 Ancient Building, 119. Ancient & Hon. Artill'y Com'y, 27. Artesian Wells, 70. Association for support of aged indigent Females, 106. Athenaeum Library, 45. Balloon ascension, 71. Band of Music, (first) 27. Baptist Missionary Union, 129. Battle with sword and broom, S3. Beacon hill tar barrell, 39. Beacon hill monument, 40. Beacon street fire, 155. Beecher's meetinghouae burnt, 156, Bewitched family, 84. Bible Society, 102. Blackstone Wm., 13, 14, 15, 25. Boston,-at its earliest date, 13, 18. Boston streets, 25, Boston streets, &c. 60. Boston Schools, 33, 34, 35, 36. Boston Library, 45. Boston Athenaeum, 45, 129. Boston free Library, 47. Boston Soc'y of iVatu'l History. 49. Boston Female Asylum, 53, 125. Boston Seaman's Friend Soc'y. 57, Boston Port Society, 59, 128. Boston East, 68. Boston South, 67. Boston Theatre, 76. Boston Phonographic Society, 105. Boston Aqueduct of 1795 : 116. Boston Stone, 117. Boston Emigrant Society, 120. Boston Academy of Music, 123. Boston Marine Society, 129. Boston Benefit Society, 130. Bowditch Library, 47. Bowen'a Museum, SO. Brattle st. Ch. cannon ball, 117. Brimmer Geo. W., 40. Bridges from Boston, 41 to 44. British Charitable Society, 124. Buildings erected in Boston, 140. Cambridge Bridge, 43. Cause of Amer. Independence, 86. Castle Island, 152. Charlestown settled, 13. Charlestown Bridge, 41. Chauncy Dr., 17. [68. Channel betw'n Boston & S. B. 18, Chauntry's Washington, 39. Chinese Museum, 82. Charitable Soc'y Mass., 130. Children's Friend Society, 132. Churches & Ministers in Bos. 134. Citizen Soldiers, 26. Circulating Libraries, 48. City Hall, 72. City Government History of, 92. City Lamps, cost of, 114. City Police, cost of, 116. Cotton Rev. John, 13. Common Boston, 14, 15, 16. Colburn Deacon, 25. Court House, 73. Colonization Society, 100. Cockerel vane, 117. Cow Pox, 153. Court street fire, 155. Cragie's Bridge, 43. Crescent pond, 17. Cupola or lanthorn. State House. 33 Custom House, 73. Daily and other Newspapers, 88. Destitute children, (home for) 52. Distant from old State House, 133. Duel with swords, 17. East Boston, 68. Elm Tree on the Common, 17, Emigrant Society, 120. Exchange Coffee House, burnt, 142 Exhibition of Fowls, 96. FaneuilHall, 29,30. Fatherless and Widows' Soc. 121 Fence round the Common, 15. Female Samaritan Society, 131. Female temporary home, 52. Female Asylum, 53. VIII Female AToral Reform Soc'y, 55. Female Refuge ynciety, 54. Female Am. Educational Soc'y, 98. First Nevv.€a '^oivi . ' MINOT S I,EDi;K LKniTHOUSE. p;ige 12. It was commenced building in 1847 ; in 1849 ii was completed, and Jan. 1, 1850, first lighted : it was sup- ported by 8 iron cylinder pillars, equa-distant from each other on a circle of 25 feet diameter, with an additional upright center shaft, each varying in length from 60 to ,63 feet, all securely affixed in the drilled rock, at five feet depth. It is supposed that a wave 60 feet in height, on Wednesday night, April 16, 1851, struck the lower room of the two under-keepers, at about 10 o'clock, and swept them off with the whole superstructure, by breaking off the iron pillars at various distances, a few feet above the rock. This lighthouse was erected on the outermost of the Cohasset Rocks, 20 miles distant, S. E. from Boston — the cap of the lantern being about 83 feet from the rock surface, at a cost of about !}?33,000. The propriety of economising on building a light- house, but illy contrasts with an expenditure of two millions for a Custom House. BOSTON. The Neck of land or Peninsula of Boston, comprising about 600 acres at its earliest date, was first occupi- ed by Wm. Blackstone, an Episcopal clergyman from England, in the year 1625 or 6 : he assumed about six acres of land at the western end of Beacon St., on Charles St. and cultivated the same for an orchard, &c. Gov. John Wjnthrop and party, commenced the settle- ment of Charlestown hi 1629, but on being invited by Blackstone, to cross the river Charles, for a better site for a town, they, all but seventeen persons, in 1630, left Charlestown and commenced this favored settlement ; the Indians had called it "Shawmut," for its good springs of water : the Europeans had named it " Trimount," for its three contiguous hills on Mount Vernon, and the new settlers named it for Boston, in Eng., being the original name fixed on in England by the emigrating party, and not as has been often reported, on account of the Rev. John Cotton ; for he did not come to New Eng- land, till 1633. Rev. John Wilson was their first pastor. The VVinthrop party (men and women) were all rigor- ously religious : dissenters from the thirty-nine articles of the English church : and on account of their aband- onment of all the pleasures of home, for the worship of God according to the principles of Calvin, in this wild Indian territory, they were called " Puritans : " their singleness of thought being centered in the observance of lire religious forms and belief in their secular creed, cramped their otherwise intelligent minds, and led them into similar errors, which they had deprecated in the principles and government of the Church of England : the tyrannic powers of bishop Laud, they had escaped by emigration, but by attempting by force of laws, to be a select puritan family here, they committed the same ei- 2 14 cesse?, ihey had detested and abhorred, and fled from its midst in tlie parent countr}'. Mr. Blackslone soon began to expeiieuce the difriculiies, in embr)0, which at ma- turily might surround liim. This piobably determined him to remove from Boston, and foi; the purpose of plac- ing his property in the most correct way lor a disposal of it, in 1633, the inhabitants of Boston in Town meeting granted or confirmed to him, lifty ackiiiional acres of land (our present Common) near to his then garden and house on Beacon St. There has been a tradition handed down through past generations about the Common, that it was a be- quest from some legator, for the benelit of the inhabi- itants of tlie Town : on condition of its being kept free from building on : but the name of the donor has never been announced, or can any record be discovered to give the least credence to that report. That it was the fifty acre lot confirmed to Blackstone as his property in 1633, there is no doubt; and if seeking for a reason for that lot being located as a "Cow pasture and training ground ;"' as no vihei lot or square was ev- er reserved for the benefit of the inhabitants, or any wide Streets laid out, or public building erected by them, we may be permitted to surnd^e, at this day, for want of proof to the contrary, that their strong prejudices to the religious principles of the man, rendered it repugnant to the feelings of the Puritans to apportion the lot out to "people of quality, " and others of their clan, and they chose to lay it down as a Cow pasture, for a contemning memento to his memory. Mr. B. said that he left England, because he did not like the "Lord Bishops," and he would not join the church here, for he would not be under the "Lord's Brethren : " and as the Church of England could never be wedded to that of Calvin, or to its disciples in the bonds of friendship, he re-sold his 50 acre lot to the peo- ple of Boston, for £30; which they were assessed for, not 15 less than 53. each, in 1634; he then removed to Cumber- land, R. I. and there raised the first orchard of the yellow- sweeting apple ; cultivated a park, and named his fa- vorite spot " Study hill;'" on which he was buried, where a fiat stoue gives record of his death on the 2dJi of May, 1675: the place has since been knuwn as the ^'Whipple farm;" aiid the canal from Worcester to Pro- vidence, called/by his name. JMr. Blackstone, was a gentleman of education and refinement : he often on the Sabbath, walked from his residence to Providence to preach ; and treated his young parishioners to his beauti- ful fruit, such as they had never before enjoyed; and when too far advanced in years for such a w^alk, as he never owned a horse, he rode on a tamed bull on his be- nevolent errand. As the party who first formed the settlement of Boston were mostly driven from their homes and paternal friends by the severe dealings of the Church of England, when they had become familiarly acquainted wiih the particularly religions piinciples of Air. Blackstone. it may readily be supposed that harmony could not exist between such opposite religious opinionists, and that their relative situalioiis would become extremely irksome, and in all probability would have resulted in a serious rupture by the year 1635, when Roger Williams was banished from the state, on the charge and conviction of heresy, for advancing the obnoxious sentiment that the disciples of the Saviour should be allowed to go down into the river and be there baptised. On the lOih of May, 1830, the City ^authorities, by resolve, forbade those grounds being used by the cows : a wooden two-rail fence surrounded the lot : in 1836 that fence gave way for the present imposing iron picketed enclosure, at a cost of $^82,159,85 ; its bor- der inhabitants paying 616,292,00, and the City the bal- ance : its length is 5932 feet; about one mile and an eighth : the area of the Common contains about fifty acres, and the garden west of Charles St. 24 acres : this 16 garden was formerly the site of " Fox hill," and flats of the Common, on which six ropewalks were built in 1794. Six ropewalks were burnt to the ground, located on a line with Pearl Street, on the 30th of July, previous, wdth nearly one hundred houses and stores, extending to the w^aters edge at Russia wharf : the sutfering own- ers of the ropewalks, by the kind feelings of the town authorities, were allowed to erect their rope walks there, without rent or taxes, which they gladly acceded to, and six w^ere built : on the 18th of Feb. 1806, they were burnt to the ground : then five were rebuilt, which were burnt down in 1819. They had then been in quiet pos- session of the land for twenty-five years ; long enough to sustain xhe just rights of a '■'squatter;''^ and those rights they assumed and intended to put in force, by a sale of the land for building lots. This excited the "Bos- toneers" to a blaze of fury, and they determined that not one stone should remain upon another on that cher- ished public spotf ihe squatters were thus induced to leave their claim out to referees, who awarded them fifty thousand dollars for their asserted title to the grounds, which the City authorities paid ; this was a severe pen- alty for a neglect of judicially holding on to the City's landed property. The Common previous to 1795, was fenced on three sides. North, East and South ; and its West was bounded by flats, and the waters of the Western bay and River Charles. It contained, accordino; to the vote of the in- habitants of the Town, in 1633, fifty acres; as the burial ground on its south line was not then part of the lot^ it would appear probable that the north line of that Ceme- tery, was the south line of the Common; for in 1787, Oct. 8, the Town then bought of Wm. Foster, two acres and an eighth of that section of the Common, bounding on Boylston Street. The size of the area as now fenc- ed in, contains about 50 acres ; subtracting 2 1-8 as the amount purchased, and then adding what upland was westerly, the amount of 50 acres may be made out, ac- cording to the vote of the citizens in 1633. The waters 17 from the West Bay flooded most of that length of Charles street, and the six rope walks there built in 1794, were propped up by spiles driven into the fiats, excepting at their southern front entrance, which was near the Boyl- ston street line : at that end, they rested on made solid ground. Nearly the whole area of the Public Garden has been reclaimed from tide water flats of the Common. The great Elm Tree near the "Frog^" '' Cresent," and now "■ Fountain Pond," was planted by Captain Danl. Henchman, in 1670, Under whose branches many sad fisty-cufF battles have been fought, and one with small swords took place between Henry Phillips and Beiij. Downing, which resulted in the death of the latter: Phillips was concealed for a time, and then smuggled 3n board a vessel for France, in which country he died. Here too, it was, a captain of a militia company used to drill his men : with "eyes right: — eyes front; — heads up ;-^look like the debil : look like me ! " In 1740, Rev. George Whitlield preached his farewell sermon under this tree, to an audience of 30,000 persons. On his last visit to Boston, Dr. Chauncy, who disliked the man, went down Long wharf to see him land, and greeted him with '• Mr. Whitfield, 1 am very sorry to see you come back again ; " when Mr. Whitfield an- swered, -'So is the Devil !'' This tree in 1820, was fast decaying at its trunk, with an opening nearly to its centre, quite capacious; but time- Iv care, nutritious earthing, and a proper enclosing pick- elted fence, caused that aperture to become sound, and its large extending limbs have been braced wiihiron clamps. The '"FrojjPond" was a favorite place for the sports of youth, for sailing their miniature water-craft in sum- tner. and for skatinii in winter. When the City built a granite wall around its shores, it was named " Cresent Pond ; " on the 25th of October, 1848, when the grand and pure " Quochituat "'* flowed through viaducts of • In the Ancient Records of Massachusetts, the name of the Pond i« epcli (.iiinr;hiiii;U. which p«nains closer to the Indian dialect. m brick masonry, 18 miles west, fromFramiugharn to Bos- ton, and ascended from its centre, a perpendicular heiuht of 95 feet) all proclaimed it aloud, as "Fountain Pond; " so mote it be forever ! This glorious Fountain, — the best and purest quality of heaven's liquid blessing, with various apertures and lubes affixed in every anoular projection, distributes the main mass to fall in beautiful cascades, on a wide spreading willow-like water spout, at a height of 25 or 30 feet. The ground was first broken the 20th of Aug. 1846 : a conduit of brick masonry laid in hydraulic cement, an extent of 15 miles, 6 1-3 j'eet high inside, and 5 feet wide, from the pond to the Brookline reservoir : and from thence by two ranges of iron tubes, 30 inches diameter it is brought to the City ; one tube supplying the denizens direct ; the other to convey the water to a reservoir on Beacon hill, of a capacity to hold 2,500,000 gallons, and pipes of different sizes to an ex- tent of 62 miles, guide it through the streets of the City-. There are 600 fire plugs at most suitable places and 733 stop-cocks, to shut off the water w^hen alterations or re- pairs are needed : the inclined plane of the conduit \a three inches to a mile ; the Quochituat pond is 123 feel above a flood sea : its area 659 acres : greatest depth 69 feet : length nearly 4 miles : Worcester railroad crosses its southern extremity : bv calculations it is expected to discharge lO/JOO.OOO gallons per day if required ; and its natural force, will reach the roofs of most of our buildings from the fire-plugs throuiih a hose. The expense of introducing water into Boston has been about S4,6<>0,OOO. THE PENINSULA OF BOSTON Was estimated to contain about 600 acres of land at the time of its stSttlement in 1630, and then South Boston was part of Dorchester, and the present ship channel, which divides the two segments, was fordable, dry shod, at low water; this was dug out in 1796 by a char- tered company for that purpose. — if the same could now all be filled in solid, for warehouse lotv'^, and a ship chan- 19 nel opened on the south of South Boston, into the south end cove to Roxbury, a large amount of fiats and land, useless now, would become of value in the market and afford great facilities for wharfage and for mercantile pursuits. Seven hundred acres of land have been re- claimed from the tide waters during the past sixty years : originally the narrow strip of land connecting Boston with Roxbury, at any hi^li tide, the waters from the west and east coves would meet, and cover it with a depth of three or four inches. It was there the Foi- tification-gates were planted for protection against the Indian forces, outside of which, was the gallows ; at this time there are four broad public roads, parallel to the first one, (Washington St.) and some few millions feet of land, made from the tide waters, now on sale by the City. About 70 acres of land were made on the north mill cove, where are now the Fitchburg, and Bos- ton and Maine Railroad Stations : and an equal amount on the south cove, at the Worcester, and Old Colony Railroad Stations, THE FAMOUS STAMP OFFICE OF 1765. An epistolary communication, some few months past, was addressed to the Mayor and Aldermen ot this City, by the owner of the building at the corner of Essex Street, wherein it represents that the obnoxious Stamp office of Secretary Oliver, was located in that neighborhood ; and that a mob collected there and de■^troyed the building, with a request, that the said communication may be re- c^arded in the city books. In Snow's History of Boston, page 109, it is thus re- recorded ; '■• Oliver's Duck, not many years since, oame up to Kilby street. On the side of the Dock stood the famous Stamp Otfice, occupied by Lieut. Gov. Oliver, {he was Secretary of the Province.) This small build- ing was tumbled into the icater by the patriotic mob of 1765, and with it was overthrown the scheme of taxation which led to the revolution." On page 259 of the same work, is the following record ; 20 " As soon as it grew dark, the mob, which had been gathering all the afternoon (at Liberty Tree,) came down in procession to the Town House, bearing the efRgy of Oliver with them ; and knowing that the Governor and Council were in session, they gave three huzzas by way of defiance, and passed on toward Kilby street, where Mr Oliver had lately erected a building, which the peo- ple supposed was designed for a Stamp Office. That they instantly demoliehed. and bearing, each man, a por- tion of the ruins upon his shoulders, they moved in sol- emn pomp to Fort Hill, where they made a bonfire in view of Mr. Oliver's house, and burnt the effigy upon it.' That the Stamp office was on Oliver's Dock, Liberty Square, Kilby Street, there can be no doubt, and that it was demolished, and a bonfire made with its ruins on Fort Hill, in which an effigy of Secretary Oliver was burnt, all within sight of Oliver's house, at ihe head of Oliver Street, leading from Milk Street to Fort Hill, and after that, they took possession of his house, broke most of its windows, and prostrated his garden fences ; but why so many various accounts of its demolition should be made out, to be recorded as conflicting testimony, is quite an unsolved enigma. THE FAMOUS LIBERTY TREE. In Dr. Snow's History ot Boston, published in ^1826, page 258, it is recorded "Near the head of Essex Street, there used to be a grove of those majestic Elms, of the American species that form one of the greatest ornaments in the landscape of this country, which obtained for it the name of Hanover Square, or neighborhood of Elms." One of this grove or chister of Elms became a pet tree for the liberty boys to gather under, and there animadvert and commune together on their wrongs and grievarices inflicted by the Brifish government by various vexatious laws ; the Tax levied on Tea, and the Onerous Stamp I'ax on every piece of note paper or oblignl ion-bond, be- tween man and man ; a collection of mm would here be gathered of many hundreds or thousands of the inhab'* itanls of the Town and its \icinity. 21 On the 14th of February, 1766, the Liberty Tree was pruned in the best manner, agreeably to a vote of the true sons of liberty, and it became a rallying point and even an idol of the party: here they hanged the efhgy of an enemy to their country's welfare, and illuminated its branches with hundreds of lamps and made the can- non open wide its mouth, on any joyful occasion, under its umbrageous shadowing branches. On the 10th of May, cannon were fired under Liberty Tree for the repeal of the Stamp Act. From this description and uses of the Tree, we may readily suppose it must have been in some open, spacious publicly exposed situation ; probably in the centre of Hanover Square, as but very few buildings were then erected as far south as Essex St. At that day, the popu- lation of the Town was about 16,000 and those mostly residents at the north end. This Liberty Tree was cut down by the British army, under Lord Howe, in 1775, while he had possession of the Town, on the plea, that the refugees or Tories required wood for fuel ; and in its fall a British soldier was crushed to death. In Snow's History of Boston, at page 266, is an engrav- ed representation of this tree, as he may have then un- derstood its position, which engraving we have copied, to show that it is placed within a fence, on the line oi" Washington St., about 9 or 10 feet in front of the house, which house has a projecting F part from Essex Street; to the Washington Street line ; this Hhas one window in the middle of its southern side, and the space on either side of the window, appears about equal to the width of the window; then, allowing three feet for the width of the window, it will give about 9 feet projection from the main building. No one, on a careful consideration of these circum- stances, can suppose for a moment, that the famous Lib- erty Tree was worshipped in such a narrow, contracted spot ; for if it should have been illuminated, the project- ing r of the building would have concealed part of the 22 show, and the firing of cannon there, would have shat- tered the house windows, and 20 or 30 men would have been crowded on the small suiiace of yard room. The tree was a chosen, selected tree, from a grove of Elms^ near the junction of Boylston and Essex Streets, and its precise location, without doubt, could now be as- certained from some record of having excavated its trunk and roots from the public road, for laying drains or for other purposes. BIRTH PLACE OF FRANKLIN. 23 Opposite to the south front of the Old South Meeting House, on Milk St., stands a handsome granite business edifice, having on its upper front, •' The Birth Place of Franklin. " This spot was the location of the building, our cut truly represents ; which was occupied by Josiah and Abiah Franklin at the birth of their son, Benjamin, which occurred Sunday, Jan. 6, 1706, (old style,) an- swering to Jan. 17, (new style,) and on which day the little philosopher was chrislened at the Old South. Benjamin, at the age of 10 years, assisted in wicking the candle-moulds of his fathers manufactory, at the sign of the Blue Bell, on the corner of Union and Hanover St.; in which avocation he became uneasy, and was inclining to a sea fairing life, when his father bound him as an apprentice to his brother James, as a "printer's devil ;" James not being then married, Benjamin boarded out, and became a severe student. To obtain time and books for his improvement, he offered to take care of himself, for one half the amount James paid for his board : by that saving-habit he obtained something for a literary feast, being content to feast the body sparinaly, with a tart and a few plumbs ; the treasures of his mind accu- mulating with compound interest, at the age of 18 years, he re-issued its scrip, as editor of the fourth paper estab- lished in this country, entided the '-new England COURRANT." In 1723, a disagreement with his brother, prompted him to leave for Philadelphia: — the year following, he was in England, as a journyman Printer: — In 1726, he returned to Philadelphia, and soon after that commenced business with one Meredith: — In Sept. 1729, they joint- ly issued the Pennsylvania Gazette : — the next year, the copartnership was annulled, and Franklin alone continu- ed the Gazette : — and the same year became a profi- cient in the French, Spanish and Latin Languages, with- out any teacher: — In 17.32, his Poor Richard's Almanac was issued, to the calls for a third edition ; this work he continued for twenty-five years: — In 1737, at the age of 24 31 years, he became Post Master for Philadelphia, and in 1753, was Post Master General. In 1752, he received the honor of a diploma as Master of Arts, from Yale College, and in the following year, a similar honor from Harvard University : — he was unani- mously elected a member of the Royal Society of Lon- don, unsolicited on his part, the society waving the usu- al fee of 25 guineas for membership, accompanied with a presentation of the Society's gold medal, and an ad- dress of welcome from its president, Lord Macclesfield : Franklin's dress when young, was of a remarkably neat and fashionable style : — his temperance, industry, probi- ty and powers of intellect, carried him forward to a most exalted eminence in the respect and regards of his age and generation. When Plenipotentiary at the court of France, he was presented to five Sovereigns of different empires. While the Doctor was Minister in France, in company one evening with the aristocratic party of that country, the question of free suffrage was argued with great warmth; the majority asserting that America could never prosper under such democratic rule; for wisdom resided only in a very small minority ; after a lengthened dispute on that point, it was agreed to be disposed of by final vote, by the rising of all in the affirmative : the whole assembly, but one, stood up ; " it is a vote," said many voices. Franklin exclaimed, ''I rise gentlemen, upon your own asserted principle, as the wise minority^ to decide the question against you," His literary legacies to mankind, in moral Essays, extensive researches, with original thoughts and exper- iments in Electricity and the Mechanic Arts, are fraught with important, useful instruction ; and his life and at- tendant honors, should act as a powerful appeal to the rising generation, to husband their time, and devote it to some useful purpose, that life may be fruitful of happiness and honor. Josiah and Abiah Franklin came from England to Bos- 25 ton, in 1685 : seventeen children were born to them, who all grew up to manhood and were wedded, yet no one is now living to perpetuate its geneological record. The Doctor died April 17, 1790, aged 84 years and 3 months. BOSTON STREETS. The uncommonly crooked and narrow streets of Bos- ton, is a constant theme for strangers; it seems singular that two years after the settlement of Salem and one af- ter that of Charlestown, that the authorities of Boston did not enter on the duties of the civil engineer, with more wisdom than their public avenues indicated. Washing- ton, the main street of the place, turned to the east, at Kneeland street to the shore, and followed that, as far fiouth as Castle street ; then it turned westerly, where another line of the street continued to the neck : in 1663, this street was continued in one line, after the decease of Deacon ColbErn, who had owned the land from the eastern to the Western waters. Not a spot did they pre- serve for any public square or walk, save that of the Common, and that, also, would probably have been ap- propriated, had it not have been owned and vacated by Wm, Blackstone, an Episcopalian clergyman. Some few of their records directed the "payles'^ (fences) to be ffnade straight, but their houses and shops, in general, were huddled together as if thorough fares and comforta- h\e avenues, were of not the least account among them ; the expences at this time, 1850, for widening and improv- ing the streets are exceedingly great, but in general, the amount will be returned by taxes, paid on superior touildings, erected on the sites of those removed : the ^reat error now complained of, is, that the owners of the lands, derive more benefit from these improvements, ^han is properly their share ; as they claim a full esti- imate of its present value, w^hen the lot remaining, is doubled or threebled in worth, by the improvementspro- e five schools were the only public sources for education, previous to the revolutionary war ; during the sie^e of Boston, they were all closed but one, kept by Elias Dupee, who continued to instruct the youth gratuitously, which employment gave him peculiar de- light : — In 1776 the schools were re-opened : — In 1780, the school system was remoddled ; the north Latin school was discontinued as such ; the reading department, sepa- rated from the writing; the whole placed under the su- pervision of a school committee of above fifty persons, delegated from the different wards, annually to be chosen. 35 "The Board for Primary Schools," was established June 11, 1817, being composed of an equal delegation from each ward, chosen animally by the people. The English Classical, called the High School, com- menced in May, 1821, at the Derne St. school house : removed to their new edifice, corner of Pinkney and West Centre Sts., in 1824. All the schools are visited monthly by a sub-commit- tee, and semi-annually by the general committee ; the summer visitation is characterised as the City's School Commencement, when recitations in Latin and English, and original compositions are given as specimens of im- provement in oratory ; and every other department puts forth its worthiest claim, to gain the " Franklin silver medal; '' which is awarded to the best three, in every school ; and the girls vie with each other for a similar token, for the same number, from the City Treasury. The number of Primary Schools are 173, at a cost of about $60,000 for the teachers, per year. • At the period of establishing the College at Cam- bridge, a School for Indian children was opened, but the advantages of it were not accredited by them, and after a fair trial, it was abandor ed. The annexed schedule, gives a general view of the present situation of the facilities for a good education for the rising generation of Boston. 36 Returns from the Schools of Boston, July 31, 1850. i 1 CO 5 ^5,204 00 5,162 00 6,100 00 5,726 00 5,700 00 5,350 00 5,346 00 4,191 00 4,924 00 5,908 00 4,800 00 7,325 00 5,934 00 4,937 00 5,312 00 5.200 00 6,345 00 1,887 00 5,000 00 4,800 00 6,272 16 7,910 00 i ?2 •1 s$v < '^'^^'^(^^'^'^'^ooco-^cot-jQD-^ooj^iOrfto s =" ■Siaqsn 1 --1 (MfM -i^TH ^^C^^CJtH rH rHf^l^ ■^ •^■qns 1- ^^ ^ ^ ^ojp ?? •>jaisi?|V 1 " " ^' ^' ^ ^^ ^ c^ ^ - - -< ^ ^' =' - ^ ^"-' - ?^ ^ - - 1^ 4> ■"'™^|iillill iiiiis ii8i-iS» || i l^^lo^L COCOrr'*COCOTJo feet front length ; the centre building is 94 feet, from which in fronr, it has a projection of 14 feet, supported by seven arches; af- fording support to 8 Corinthian stone columns of thirty feet in length, thereby forming a beautilul veranda or walk : the corner stone is laid 100 feet above the waters, and the cone being 250 feet, makes it the most promi- nent object on approaching the City by water or land in every direction ; and from its lantern, which is reach- ed by 170 steps, one of the most beautiful panoramas in the world, presents itself to the eye ; on the east, the spacious bay of the city and State, with its variegated shipping, water-craft and steamboats ; its hundred Islands and Rocks; the country around, filling up the rest of the circle; with cultivated farms, hamlets, cottages, splendid buildings and country seats, rivers and ponds diversify- ing the scene. On the north is Charlestown ; the Navy yard. Bunker hill monument. Mediord, &c. ; on the north-west, 31^ miles, is the city of Cambridge, with its many University halls, its superb and capacious Library building; Astronomical Observatory; Botanic garden, &c. ; — Watertown, 5 miles ; and Brighton, 7 miles, in the west and south-west: — the city of Roxbury, 2 miles, Dorchester, 4 ; and Milton, 7 miles, with its forever blue encircled hills in the south ; with Braintree and Quinc}', 8 miles, on the south-east : add to which, seven railroads, and seven bridges from Boston, penetrating the adjacent country in every direction, rivals that most splendid of all panoramas, of nature combined with art, which trav- elers have so much lauded in past years as being in the bay of Naples : this sight is to be seen from the balcony at the top of the dome, free for all visitors who sign their name in a book for that purpose, at the foot of the stair- way, in the eastern wing. The open centre of the first story of the State House, BEACON AND MONUMENT ON BEACON HILL. Puffe 39. The Tablets bearing the Liscriptions here copied, with the Eagle which sunnouiUed the Monument, is preserved in the State Plouse. 59 is occupied bj a coiosal statue of Waphington, chiseled iVoni Italian marble by Chantry, at a cost of about 15,000 dollars ; this is free to public inspection. A SKETCH OF CHANTRY's WASHINGTON. The western part of the first floor, with its basement, is improved by the Secretary of State and for the Adju- tent General's office : the eastern wing of the first story, with a finely lighted basement room, is improved with the Library belonging to the State : — the Land office and the State Treasurer's room, — the second story of the east wing is divided into convenient sized committee rooms, and over those rooms is the splendid Senate Chamber. Between the eastern and western wing is the Representatives Chamber, being about 55 feet square, and in height terminaUng with the dome of the build- ing : — in the western wing are numerous lobby rooms on the second floor, for committees. &c. On the third floor of the west wing, is the Governor's room and ante-cham- ber; the fourth story is divided into three large commit- tee rooms: the buildino- cost $ 133,333,33, and was first occupied in June, 1798. Beacon Hill was north-east of the State House, about 200 feet ; its elevation was above the roof of that pub- lic building ; on top of the hill in 1635, was a beacon .Mipportina; a tar-barrel, to have been set on fire if Boston 40 should be attacked or beseiged : but the oocasion for this notice to the surrounding country never happened. The beacon was blown down in 1789, and in its place, a plain Doric column of brick and stone, encrusted with cement, with a large gilt Eagle at its top, was erect- ed ; its elevation 60 feet — diameter 4 feet — pedestal 8 feet. The hill was 138 feet above high water mark, of a sugarloaf form ,• — on the four pedestal sides of the col- umn were statistical records of important events in the history of this country, — viz., on the south tablet, "To commemorate that train of events, which led to the American Revolution, and finally secured liberty and independence to the United States, this column is erect- ed bv the voluntary contributions of the citizens of Bos- ton, MDCCXC. On the west side : — Stamp Act passed 1765, repealed 1766, Board of Customs established 1767. British troops fired on the inhabitants, March 5, 1770. Tea destroyed in Boston, Dec. \6. Port of Boston shut and guarded, June 1, 1774. General Congress at Philadelphia, Sept. 4. Provincial Congress at Concord, Oct. 11. Battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775. Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17. Washington took ■ command of the Army July 2. Boston evacuated. March 17, 1776. Independence de- clared by Congress, July 4, 1776. Hancock President. On the north side : — Capture of Hessians at Benning- ton, Aug. 16, 1777. Capture of army at Saratoga, Oct. 17.' Alliance with France, Feb. 6, 1770. Confedera- tion of the United States^ formed, July 9. Constitution of Massachusetts, formed 1780. Bowdoin, president of Convention. Capture of British Army at York, Oct. 19, 1781. Preliminaries of Peace, Nov. 30, 1782. Definitive Treaty of Peace, Sept. 1783. Federal constitution form- ed Sept. 17, 1787, and ratified by the United States, 1787 to 1789. New Congress assembled at New York, April 16, 1789. Washington inaugurated President, April 30. Public debts, funded, Aug. 4, 1790 : and on the east side, AMERICANS; while from this eminence^ scenes of 4! lUXURIENT FERTILITY, OF FLOURISHING COxMMERCE, AND THE ABODES OF SOCIAL HAPPINESS MEET YOUR VIEW, FORGET NOT THOSE, WHO, BY THEIR EXERTIONS, HAVE SECURED TO YOU THESE BLESSINGS. At the cutting down of Beacon Hill for building lots, the four tablets w^ere preserved and are to be seen in the eastern v. ing of the State House, THE PROVINCE HOUSE, 1668. This is a large brick building in the rear of stores, opposite the western end of Milk Street; it is of three stories ] fifiy feet back faom Ne\vbury (Washington) St. ; it had a pretty lawn or garden-plat in front, with an iron rail fence ; at the gate of which, two large trees im- parted an agreeable shade and beauty to the place ; the house was ascer.^led by a flight of about twenty stone steps, a cupola surmounted the roof, which supported a bronzed figure of an Indian chief, with a Bow and Arrow as a vane ; who, 'Svhen he heard the bell ring for din- ner, invariably fired oif his arrow and came down for his lunch;" this was told to little men and icomen. many of whom have narrowly watched for that event, only to be grievously disappointed : the front of the house was dec- crated with the King's arms, richly carved and gih; this work is preserved in the hall of the Historical Society: the estate was a gift from the State, to the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the trustees of that institution leas- ed it for 99 years : places for trade and business, have been erected on its front garden-plat, preventing its be- ing seen, short of entering Province-house court : on a rail which surmounts the balustrade over the portico, are these letters and figures, 16. P. S., 79, which probably gives the date of its erection, CHARLESTOWN BRIDGE, 1786. The ever busy and enterprising people of Boston, not yet recovered from the dire effects of a seven years' war, which was but closed in 1783, undertook a remarkably 4* 42 important and expensive public work, and one quite problematical as to its favorable results , — that of erecting a Bridge across ihe deep waters between Boston and Charleslown : it was the hrst ever attempted in America: John Hancock. Thomas llussellj Nathl. Gorham, Eben'r Parsons, and others, were incorporated for completing that grand project, March 9, 1785 ; and on the 17th of Jutie, 1786, it was completed and opened for passengers; salutes of 13 guns were fired from Bunker and Copp's hill at sum-ise : the eight bells of Christ's church gave a mierry peal with national airs ; and great preparations were made for a day of social joyful festivity; at one o'clock, the proprietors assembled at the Old Town House, and they, with the branches of the legislature and citizens, were escorted by the military, for a dedication of the bridge, when a salute was lired from the Castle : on their arrival at the bridge, the military opened right and left for the procession to pass through, as far as the drawoftlie bridge, which was up; the president of the corporation directed the draw to be lowered ; when a sa- lute from Copp's Hill, with shouts from 20,000 freemen made the welkin ring : the procession again formed, and ascended Breed's Hill, where another salute greeted them, and perhaps best of all, a plentiful dinner, "fit for the gods," on two tables of 220 feet length each : 800 sat down to the feast and the flow of wit and sentiment closed the scene of festivity and sobriety at 6 o'clock. The abutment on the Charlestown •^ide, from the land- ing, was 100 feet: space to the first pier, 1G}4 leet : 36 piers at equal distances to the draw, 622}^4 leet ; draw 30 feet: 39 piers on Boston side (572 feet; space to the abutment lf)>< feet; from that to the landing 45)^ feet; whole length 1503 feet. The bridge is on 75 ranges of piers, each composed of seven heavy sticks of oak timber, united by a cap piece with strong braces and girts; the piers connected to each other by large string pieces and covered with four inch plank ; the bridge is 42 feet wide, with a railed foot pas- sage of 6 feet on each side ; the centre of the bridge is two feet higher than at the ends : the whole lighted by 40 handsome lamps : four sti-bng stone wharves connect- inu' with three piers each, are built at the sides of the bridge, to add to its strenuth, and for a convenience in landing lumber, &c.: the floor of the bridge, at the high- est tide, is four feet above the water ; which generally rises, from 12 to 14 feet : the longest pier is 47 leet : the cost of the bridge about $50,000, divided into 150 shares: the tolls doubled on Sundays, and forty years allowed for the extent of the charter; paying yearly to the College at Cambridije, $666,66 in consideration of their income loss, from ferrage, which was in their own right. The forty years was subsequently extended to seventy, on account of buildins; Cambridge bridge, and the double toll discontinued : We have been thus particular in these details, considering the work at that time a great undertakmg, and presuming it will interest the sons, by showing the enterprise, foresight and public spirit of the father's- for that property has netted so large an income, that the shares have been sold from 2500 to 3000 dol- lars each. This bridge became unproductive in 1828, on account of building Warren toll-free bridge, and its draw was raised for a permanency. In 1839 a violent storm drove the ship Columbiana from her moorings in Charlestown, staving her through four ranges of the piers: in 1840, the Legislature of Mass. purchased the franchise and properties of the biidge, at 30.000 dollars, and " resolv- ed " that the two Bridges should be put in the best state of repair and a sufficient toll taken, to pay the cost of the old britige : the repairs on both, with an extra fund, the interest of which would forever keep them in good order; at this time both the Charlestown and Warren Bridges are free from toll. Cambridge Bkidge, built in 1793, and Cragie's BuiDGE to East Cambridge, in 1807, with an arm to the Slates Pri.-ron at Charlestown, have been purchased by a 44 company, to be made free Bridges as soon as the tolls taken, become ample to pay for their cost, with a capital in addition, the interest of which will keep them always in good repair ; w^hich grand desideratum may probably be accomplished by the year 1855, and then all the ave- nues from Boston will be free from toll, excepting the Mill Dam from Beacon Street to Brighton : the tolls taken at this avenue have been so little in amount, that on a prop* osition being made to the Proprietors at a regular meet- ing, but one or two votes have been the cause of that Av- enue not being free for some years past ] and when all other roads can be passed by travelei-s, without any tax or toll being required, the traveling there, will not be o.f sufficient amount to make the collection^ and of course that road must also be made free. Was incorporated Feb. 19, 1794; its library compris- es about 8000 volumes, and its museum is rich, exten- sive, and is highly valued as a medium of conferring a great amount of pleasure and happiness to its reading community. This society has published 22 octavo vol- umes of its transactions and original productions, which are valuable to the scientitic researcher: the hall for their meetings, with their library and museum, is ov6r the Savings bank, next north of the Chapel burial ground on Tremont St., in the building with the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The number of the so- ciety (unfortunately for the public) is limited to sixty members: consequently the changes, and also, the im* provements made, are slow : the fee for membership is ^8, with a yearly assessment of ^3. THE BOSTON LIBRARY SOCIETY, FRANKLIN PLACE, Was incorporated June 17; 1794. — The object of this association was to collect those works in general litera- ture and the sciences, which were at too much cost for 45 ndividual purchase, and their enterprise and diligence lave brought together rising 12,000 volumes, including 1 good selection from French authors : the extensive •ange of literary produ'^tions in this library, amply sup- ply the desires and wants of every reading family, and here cannot be any richer fountain for enlightening in- ■ormalion to be enjoyed, at so litde expense. Their building in the centre of the south range of iwellings, in FraiilJin Place, was a noble gift to this md to the Historical Society, unitedly; the late Chas. Bul- tinch, aiid other gi'-tleraen, who caused the Tontine buildings (Franklin Place) to rise up, on the basis of loseph Barren's pond of water, in 1793 ; thereby dating the first blocks of buildings, ever built in Boston : the building is now owned by the Boston Library Associa- tion, they having purchased the right of the Historical Society. , The shares in this library are held at S25,00, but are !)ften purchased of individuals at $15,00: there is then, |m annual assessment of S3 only, for the expenses and ^Dreservation of, and for additions to be made to the col- lection of volumes. i BOSTON ATHENJEUM, BEACON STREET. I For several )'ears a literary periodical, entitled the jVlonthly Anthology, had been conducted with uncom- mon acumen by a society of gentlemen, who issued pro- )Osals in 1806, for establishing a public reading room at en dollars per year, to suL'Scribers ; this was so exten- ively patronised, they concluded to add a library thereto : n a little time they collected a thousand volumes, and hen elected trustees for their infant institution ; first lo- cated it on Congress St,: after a time, in ScoUay's build- ing : in 1810, on Common St., north of the Chapel bury- ing ground: in 1822 on Pearl St.. and in 1849, in their new edifice on Beacon St., where its favo'-able location, and conveniences of arrangement, must afford a most suitable retirement from the bustle and noise from public 46 business roads : and with a large open area of ground in its rear, covered with trees and foliaoe^ which will prob- altly be one monitory blank space in the topography of the ciry, even unto the end of generations to come, it be- ing a dormant cemetery. Hon. James Perkins in 1822, presented to the society, his princely' estate on Pearl Street, and the proprietors then raised ^45,000 fur building suitable halls tor an exhibition of paintings and statuary. Thomas Handasyde Perkins, brother of James, and James Perkins, Jr., with John Broinfield, were generous donors to this growing institu- tion, which is destined to be the pride of the City, in all that pertains to its Literature and fine arts. Augustus Thorndike presented a valuable collection of Casts, from celebrated Statues, and Geo. Watson Brim- mer, a magnificent collection of volumes on the Fine Arts. Their Library now contains 37.000 volumes and a choice and valuable collection of Statuary and Casts : their real and personal property is valued at $ 342,000 : Wm, Smith Shaw, deceased, was the most active pion- eer and importunate agent on commencing and advanc- ing this momentous and interesting undertaking. A share in the Athena3um is held at S 300. which is entitled to three tickets of admission ; a ticket for life is $ 100 ; and any number of strangers can be admitted to its privileges, if they reside 20 or more miles from Bos- ton, for the space of one month, by any holder of one of the above tickets : yearly subscribers pay $10 per year. The Library and Reading room is open from 8 A. M. till 9 P. M., every week day, and on the eve of Sunday. A season ticket to their antmal exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, for one person, is 50 cents, and for a single admission, 25 cents. This beautiful exhibition commen- ces in May and closes in September. THE STATE LIBRARY, Is in the eastern wing of the State House, occupying the well lighted basement and the story above it, com- 47 E rising 7.000 volumes: it is open during a session of the egislature; every week day, Ironi 9 A. M. till evening, except the afternoon of Saturday; expressly for the ben- etit of members of the Executive, Legislative, and Judi- cial branches of the government; and from 8 A. M, till ;2 P. M. daily, when the Legislature is not in session. i BOWDITCH FREE LIBRARY, OTIS PLACE. The first free library ever known to be established in Boston, was founded in 1839, by Dr. Henry L Bow- ditch : free to all who will comply with the few simple regulations for its safety and perpetuity. It comprises about 3000 volumes, at the residence of the Dr.. No. 8 Otis Place, and volumes are delivered every Friday, from 3 to 5 o'clock, P. M. THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATON^ EROMFIELD ST. Was founded March 10, 1820, for mutual benefits imong Merchants' apprentices, and during its growth )f twenty-eiglit years, hundreds of its members have •cached manhood, ripened by its means and qualified "or managing a commercial trade. This association has •eceived a friendly aid and countenance from the mer- 3hants, and at this date, is on a very respectable stand- ng : its library numbers about 9000 volumes, with about .^16,500 funded property. Merchants' apprentices, are all fair candidates for ad- nission, on the presentation of some useful volume to the . ibrary, and $2 per year, towards the expenses and sup- ; )ort of the institution. Their rooms on Bromfield St. are i)pen every week day, from 1 till 10 o'clock, P.M. jcientific lectures are delivered to the Association, veekly, during the four winter months. FREE LIBRARY FOR THE CITY OF BOSTON. The City authorities have appropriated §2,500 for bunding a free City Library for the benefit of all the in labitants ; and some few volumes in the French lan- ruage have been presented for the same purpose, by Mr, i/attemaie. Our worthy Mayor, John P. Bigelow, (a, i 48 true chip from the old block — Hon. Timothy Bigelow, of Medford,) having suited the citizens exactly at the head of their municipal atfairs, they privately contributed one thousand dollars for the purchase of silver plate, to be presented to him : the affair early reaching his ears, he promptly declined accepting that specified donation • the amount then being tendered him for any other object, he generously added it to the commencing funds for the citizens public free library. There are a few noble souls yet of the old stamp, ca^ pable and willing, who, if they gave a thought to this subject, would come ft. .vavd and contribute to this litera- ry fund. Come forth, ye scions of a patriotic race — come forth ! and build a living perennial fount of knowledge and intelligence^ broad and expansive as your noble Quochituat, diffusing its invaluable and untold blessings through the perecraniums of the people, so long as the city may endure. MECHANIC apprentices' LIBRARY, PHILLIPS' PLACE. Was founded by Mr. Wm. Wood, Feb. 22, 1S20 : un- der the fostering wing of the Mass. Charitable Mechan- ic Association. This well conducted institution has been very serviceable in storing the mind of its young mem- bers with valuable knowledge and enlightening the craft on scientific subjects. Their library is on Phillips Place, Tremont St., and numbers 6,000 volumes; is open on Tuesday and Sat- urday evenings : and Friday evening is devoted to elocu- tionary exercises. Terms for membership, one dollar per year_, and membership of the Elocution school 25 cents. The periodicals of the day and newspapers are on file in their Reading room. CIRCULATING LIBRARIES, Are located as follows : H. G. Callender, "E. P. Peabody, Foreign Library, 13 West St. ; C. Moore, 49 436 Washington St. Thos. 0. Walker, 68 Comhill. T. Hiller, 123 Hanover St. Mary Ashly, 124 Charles St. Boston library, 111 Washmgton St. Burnham & Broth- ers, 60 Cornhill. The New England Geneological Society, was founded in 1845, and connected therewith, at No. 21 Court square, is their library. The main purpose of this institution, is collecting for preservation, all old ancient records, maps, writings, &c., of the past and passing years, relating particularly to our State and country. They issue a valuable Historical and Geneological Reg- ister, quarterly, at two dollars per year; Samuel G. Drake, Esq. editor, which is worthy of extensive patron- age and support, and a place in every library. ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, was founded in 1779, and chartered ]\lay 4, 1780. Much public and private good has been effected by this an- cient literary and scientific instilution : the many quarto volumes issued of their doings and transactions, are mon- uments of learned achievements in the Arts and Sci- ences; iheir library numbers over 6000 volumes of choice productions on all the useful subjects they are bound to promote, which is located in the granite building, next north of the Chapel burial ground on Tremont St:, where the Society hold their meetings. BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, In the winter of 1830, a few gentlemen of scientific at- tainments conceived the design of forming a Society, in Boston, for the promotion of Natural History. After sev- eral preliminary meetings, and communicating their de- signs to others, who they supposed would be'favorably disposed toward them, a meeting was called on the 28th of April, 1830. It was organized by the choice of Dr. Walter Channing as Moderator, and Theophilus Parsons, Esq., as Secretary. Then they resolved to form them- 5 50 selves into a Society under the name of the '^ Boston So- ciety of Natural History." On the 6.th of May, a Consti- tution and Bye-laws were adapted; and on the 13th of the same month, officers were chosen. An Act of Incor- poration was obtained at the next session of the Legisla- ture, and bears date, February 24, 1831. The great object had in view, in the formation of the Society, was to promote a taste and afford facilities for the pursuits of Natur?^ History by mutual cO'Opera*ion, and the collection of a Cabinet and Library. But it has always been understood, that special attention should be given to the investigation of the objects in our own im- immediate vicinity. This Institution is now permanently established in Mason street, having purchased the estate formerly own- ed and occupied by the Massachusetts Medical College. The building and necessary alterations to adapt it to the purposes of the Institution, cost about $30,000, which sum was obtained by subscription from the liberal citi- zens of Boston. Any one becoming a member of this association, is subjected to a fee of five dollars, and a yearly assess- ment of three dollars. Any member paying into the treasury, thirty dollars, will be exempted from annual assessments. Public lectures are annually given by the society, on the several branches of Natural History, which are free to the members of the association. Every Wednesday, all who desire it, have free access to the cabinet. Strangers visiting the city, who cannot conveniently come on that day, can obtain admission at any time, by application to any officer of the Society. There are nine rooms in the building, one of which is oc- cupied by the Library, and each of the others by objects of interest in the different departments of natural history. The Society has published five octavo volumes of the Boston Journal of Natural History, each illustrated by costly engravings. They have also published three vols, octavo, of proceedings at their semi-monthly meetings. 51 Both these publications contain contributions from our most distinguished naturalists. The officers elected at the last annual meeting in May, were as follows : John C. Warren, President ; C. T Jackson, D. H. Slorer, Vice Pres- idents ; J. Eliot Cabot. Corresponding Secretary ,• Samuel L. Abbott, Recording Secretary ; Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Treasurer ; C. K. Dillaway, Librarian; C. C. Sheafe, Cabinet Keeper. C ORATORS — J. E. Teschemacher, ot" Botany ; Francis Alger, Miner- alogy: Samuel Kneeland, jun., Comparative Anatomy ; W. J. Burnett, Eulomolog-y ; W. O. Ayers, Icthyology ; Jeffries Wyman, Herpetology; T. T. Bouvie, Geology; Saml. Gabot, jun, Orinthology ; William Read, Conchology. PaBLisHixG Committee— D. H. Storer, Jeffries Wyman, C. K. Dil- away, S. L Abbott, Samuel Kneeland, jun. Was instituted March 15, 1795. This institution com- prises many hundreds of our most ingenious and respect- able mechanics, and as a society, has done miuch for their individual benefit in raising the various useful crafts to an honorable standing in the community, and achieved important results and advantages to the public at large, by a triennial concentration of the best productions of genius in every department of the useful and fine Arts, by a great and glorious Fair, which once in every three years, fills the eye with delight by its grandeur, and the heart with a patriotic impulse of gratitude, and their own coffers with a fair compensation; the last year, 1850, their seventh fair was opened with a generous display of the neat€st handy-work of artists and aitizans, in ev- ery department of choice work, accomplished by man or woman, in Faneuil and Quincy Halls. THE MASSACHUSETTS HUMANE SOCIETY. This Society was established Feb. 23, 1791. The ob- ject of its formation was to resusitate life in any person who, by any accident, may appear suddenly to be inert and lifeless; to encoarage all rational means for restor- ing them to animated life, and to award medals of silver or gold, to all persons who may be the cause of saving any of his fellow creatures from drowning or other sud- den death. See further remarks with a list of its officers. 52 MASSACHUSETTS FIRE SOCIETY. Was iucorpoiaied June 25, 1794. Its founders eslab- ished this society on the broad basis for affording relief to unfortunate sufferers by fire in any part of the State, and to reward the inventor of any useful machine for ex- tinguishing fires, and to patronise any one making ex- traordinary exertions in such a time of calamity. A HOUSE FOR DESTITUTE CHILDREN AND FEMALES. A Society for aftbrding a home to destitute children and females, supported by subscription, went into opera- tion in Jan. 1847: their house is 26 Albany Street ; Mrs. Gwynn is matron. From 12 to 20 have been there pro- vided for at a time, when from any sudden occurrence, they had been deprived of a home or shelter. It is un- der the government of 24 managers, and report speaks favorably of the aid and benefits conferred, having been judicious and opportune. Such a society must be deem- ed most worthy of support. ladies' home EDUCATION SOCIETY AND TEMPERANCE UNION. This Ladies' society was formed in 1835, for aiding indigent parents to give a proper education to their chil- dren, to provide them partially or wholly with clothes, food and schooling, and attend to their wants in sickness or in health. There are numerous widows, with one or more young children, whose means are not adequate to clothe, feed and send them to school, and if such sympathetic aid should be withheld, they surely would grow up with apparent neglect: in such sad cases, this notable Society of notable women, offer their services as far as in their power. They now have twenty-three chddren at their Home, 11 Hudson street, under their immediate, especial care, support and protection, and if means could be realized for such a result, as many hundreds would partake of their bounties and receive instruction. The numerous 4 53 laboring but ambitious mothers, who cannot gratify their hearts' best wishes for their offspring but in a very scanty degree, here can place their young in safety, for hours, ■days, months or years, as the parent may choose, and the best care taken of them ; tho' if the parent can assume any part of the expenses, it will be received to be laid ■out in aid to others who may be in equal need. Mrs. Ebenezer Hayward is President of the Institution, and has been in some official capacity since the formation of the Society in 1835, te the present time. The Society was incorporated 1^50, April 18. The kind attention of the patriot and philanthropist is claimed in their behalf, to the Governess and her charge, to strengthen the .power of the former, to save and pro- tect many, very many of the forlorn youths, and guide them in the paths of virtue, and nurture them with in- telligence and in the principles of morality ; if either 'of the official agents — Mrs. L. Severance, or Mrs. P. Holway — offer for sale the periodioal of the Association, bearing their official title, be sure to buy that freely ; and if convenient, add another moiety, for the aid it will perhaps give to save some youth from ruin and disiirace, and convert him or her to the correct habits of social society. BOSTON FEMALE ASYLUM, Was instituted Sept. 25, 1800. This society was formed by a number of eminent ladies for the charitable and ennobling purpose of relieving, instructing, em- ploying, assisting and protecting female orphan chil- dren. They were incorporated ^Feb. 26, 1803-. their suc- cess in rescuing from ruin the fatherless childen of the city, has equalled the most benevolent expectations of its founders ; thousands of little parentless girls have heen protected and supported by them through the weak and helpless years of childhood, and placed honorably in society as worthy and valued members. Their as}"- fiuna was located at the corner of Lincoln Street, bttt ^^ 54 moved in 1846, to a spacious edifice on Washington St. built by their munificence and a determination to do their full share of good with the patriots of the day. On placing the corner slone of their new building on its allotted spot, an engraved plate with the following re- cord was imbedded there in proper from, viz. — l^o.sToN Femalk Asylum for Okphax\ Children, Founded A.D. 1800 ;— Incorporated, 1803. This house was erected A. D. 1844, by aid of liberal contributions fron\ citizens of Boston, under the superintend- ence of Wm. Lawrence, Henry Hall, George C. Shattuck, and Thomas B. Wales. Architect, Isaiah Rogers. Present C)tlicers of the Society, Mrs. Wm. Prescott, 1st Directress. Mrs. Charles Tracy. 2d Directress. Mrs. Mary Otis, Treasurer. Mrs. Thomas B. Wales Sec'y- Mana- gers — Mrs. Amos Lawrence, Mrs. Isaac Mansfield, Mrs. B. T. Pick- man, Mrs. Wm. Reynolds, Mrs. Henry Hall, Mrs. Charles Barnard, Mrs. B. T. Reed, Mrs. J. K. Mills, Mrs. (J. C. Shattuck, Miss M. F. Lamb, Mrs. Albert Fearing, Miss Jane Wigglesworth. PENITENT FEMALE SOCIETY. A '^ Female Society for Missionary purposes, " for many years had been in operation^ and on account of the duties and wants appertaining to their field of labors, was formed a separate institution, undeV the title of the '^Auxiliary Society to the Penitent Female Refuge Soci- ety." This branch of the original Female Society com- menced their philanthropic labors in 1825, auxiliary to the gentiemen's " Penitent Female Refuge Society, " which was formed in 1821. Here Was an union of all that is great, good and beautiful, for the exertions of phi- lanthropic minds. For a number of years these two aids in the cause of moral training, by educational tasks and religious instructions, accomplished many uncommon reformations, steadfast and immoveable; but the field of duty rapidly extended beyond their- sustaining means; yet their hands were strengthened, aad their hopes crown- , ed with encouragement to go on, and save from polluted destruction, such as they could bring within their kind parental and purifying atmosphere of religious and mor- al instruction. The exertions made in behalf of the institution in 1845, enabled them to build a suitable edifice on land given by the city for that purpose, and since then their labors 55 ol Love and Meroy have been often met with a response from many who had a grateful sense of the commissera- tion and kindness extended towaitls, heretofore lost, but now saved sinners, in both a moral and religious sense. The anuual payment for membership to this Associa- tion of ladies, is one dollar, and twenty-tive dollars con- stitutes a membership tor life. Their new house is on Rutland Street, rear of the Stone Church; JNliss Rowland, Matron : there are about 14 women now in charge of the establishment for a re- form. OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. Mrs. Wm. Miiiot, President ; Mrs. Norman Seaver, Vice President ; Mrs. M. L. O'Brien, Secretary; Miss M. C. Smith, Treasurer; Miss Georgina Otis, Ass't Secretary. Managers- — iMrs. Daniel P. Parker, Mrs Nathan Guniey, Mrs. J. 0. Proctor, Mrs. Parker Fowle, Miss Sa- rah Slocker, Mrs. Eben. Smith. Mrs. 0. S. Drury, Mrs. Lemuel Shaw, Mrs. Richard E. Eddy, i\[rs. Edward S. Rand, Mrs. Samuel L. Gould, Mrs. Arthur Wilkinson, Mrs. H. B. Emerson, Mrs. Francis O. Watts. NEW ENGLAND FEMALE MORAL REFORM SOCIETY. In the year 1839 a number of ladies formed an associ- ation for the benevolent purpose of assisting and reclaim- ing from the paths of folly and vice, the many young and unprotected females who throng the city for employ- ment. There is generally in the youthful mind and feelingSj powerlul incentives to error ; to depart from the sober and steady course through life marked out by wis- dom and experience, and many are allured to participate in some present beckoning pleasure, which weakens the confidence of friends and the elevating, sustaining con- sciousness of innate innocence : the ladies moral reform ASSOCIATION, on all occasions of this nature, which may come to their knowledge, exercise their benevolent exer- tions for their reformation at their appropriated Reform house; afibrding them shelter and support, with mater- nal solicitude for their future rectitude of conduct and usefulness ; the number assisted by the society, the past year, was 257, and of that number, 117 are known lobe doing well in conduct ; some of whom have received protection and support at various times. That this society has done much jrood, there is abund- ant evidence in the change of habits and manners of many of the females ; thereby showing, that ttiey put a higher estimate on life and its uses, than to shorten it by intemperance and vice, and embitter its days with sad violations of the laws of God and man, of nature and of reason : when they seem also to realize, that the bodily system for a time, may seem to withstand the trials it is doomed to endure from reckless indulgences, yet, that the debtor and credit side of the account is being pretty regularly kept, and that a reckoning may, and will be called for, by sickness, a puined system, and perhaps by death. The noblest ladies of this democratic land, can never tlevote their time or their funds, for greater blessings to the community, or add more real dignity or honor to themselves, than in their holy, benificent exertions, m saving from total depravation, the younger members of their sex, who may have swerved, and perhaps with the strongest of temptations, in some instances, from the nar- row and strict moral path of purity and spotless inno- cence : "While there is life, there is hope," says the medical faculty, and the same must be tiue in all m^Dr- al philosophy^ The Ladies Moral Reform Association is governed by a President Mrs. John Kilton : — 25 Vice Presidents — 9 Managers — an Executive Committee of 9 — Secretaries, '&c- : all acting under the influence of one of their beau^ tiful resolves, viz. " that would we raise the fallen we must sympathize with them." The Society's Reform building is No. 98 Tyler Street, Mrs. Blaisland, Matron ; and their office for help, is at 13 Bedford Street, Mrs. H. B. Emerson, Agent: during the past year, 1169 families have been supplied with kelp through their office, and 1205 females provided with employment. THE STRANGERS RETREAT. This establishment is for the convenience and protec- 57 tion of females, coming to the city for employment, and where ladies, on business, may find a safe and quiet re- treat, at a reasonable charge. It was commenced and is yet governed by the m:w England female moral REFORM SOCIETY, and has been the means of doing much good, in protecting young females, destitute of the means of support and assisting them to situations where they can take care of themselves. The Strangers Retreat is at No. 6 Columbia Street; Mrs. Cummings, Matron; the asking price for board, , is" ^> 1.50 per week, for those having means to meet it ; yet its doors are freely opened to the seeker for protection^ during all the untoward cir- cumstances which may attend females in the pursuit of an honorable and moral lile — the insdlution is full wor- thy ot the confidence of those whose aid it is desirous of, and merits the benificent care and support from the af- fluent, religious, philandiropic and moral part of the community. BOSTON SEAMAN'S FRIEND SOCIETY. For nineteen years this society has continued to be- friend the seamen by acts of kindness and instruction : they commenced religious services in the arched build- ing on Central wharf in 1828, land built a mariner's Church on Purchase St. in 1830, size, 46 by 60 feet: this association for the benefit of the mariner, 'was but the second formed on this continent, and they have been the cause of great good to that portion of our Citizens : in 1845, they erected a stately edifice for boarding mar- iners, affording them as great conveniences and comfort- able lodgings, as is enjoyed by others . the house is at the corner of Belrnont and Purchase street : it contains 91 rooms: Reading room. Dining room and parlors in- cluded : forty-three of the rooms have been furnished by ladies' associations or by individual ladies, and each is tided over the door, with a name given to it by the kind donor : on the top of the build inir is an observatory afford- ing a view of die harbor and of the surrounding country : 58 this is truly a comfortable house for the mariner, and the society must unavoidably be the means of accom- plishing a vast amount oi good in their day and genera- tion. IThe annexted cut gives a good view of the SEAMENS'S HOME, PURCHASE STREET. THE SEAMENS'S AID SOCIETY. This society is composed of about 500 Ladies v^hose be- nevolence and patriotism prompts them to a laborious and important undertaking for the welfare of seamen : this Seamans's Aid Society, aims to accomplish two im- portant purposes, viz. to give good, and fair priced em- ployment to seamsti-esses, who are in need Df it for their support, and to furnish the seamen with better made garments, and at as low a price as can be purchased at the slop-shops : at the Mariners' House in North Square, is a store well stocked by them, with every article of dress for a Sailor, manufactured and made in the most thorough manner; and if every reader of this article, who washes to befriend a sailor, will direct him to that estab- lishment for a supply of all his wardrobe, he will ac- complish thereby a double act of charity — benefit the poor widow, and do a fiiendly act to the sailor. 59 , THE BOSTON PORT SOCIETT . Was formed in 1828, for the benefit of the marine in- terests, and afford comfort and instruction to seamen : the society comprises about 200 of our most active mer*- chantsj and contributes its united and individual aid to all societies, auxiliary with them, for promoting the interests of seamen : their meeting house is in the North Square, "the Bethel of Father Taylor," and under the Bethel is a clothing store, for supplying seamen with every good article of clothing, made in the best manner and afforded at the same, or even at a less price, than the slop-gar- ments are sold, at the common plapes for such trade. mariner's house, NORTH SQUARE. This is a noble edifice of 4 stories, erected by the bos- ton PORT SOCIETY, and leased to the seamans' aid socie- ty : it contains 40 rooms over the basement story : the building is 40 feet square, with a wing extending 70 feet of three stories ; in the basement is a storage room for seamens' luggage, kitchen, laundry and bathing room : in the wing, is a spacious dining hall for seating an hun- dred persons : it has a chapel for morning and evening services and where social, religious meetings are held every Wednesday evening under the care of Rev. E. T. Taylor : a reading and news room, with a good library to which accessions are daily making ; and a store for the sale of sailors' clothing : the building and land cost about $38,000, and it has been furnished at a cost of about S21,000, by the generous contributions of the Uni- tarian Churches of Boston and vicinity ; a good supply of water is on the estate, and two force pumps supply each of the stories with hot or cold water, as required: 60 STREETS, LANES, ALLEYS, AND PLACES, IN BOSTON. A St, S.B. across 4th to Bosto.n whf. Acorn, Willow to W. Cedar st. Adams, Sudbury to Ivers st. Adams place opens 11 Bridge street Adams place, from E, near 3d, S.B. Adams court or lane, Wash near 732 ..'Elna place at 7 Kingston street Alba court, at 17 School street Albany, Beach to Troy streets Albion, Dover to W Castle street Alden court. W. of Alden street Alden. J 39 Court to Sudbury street Allju court, 37 Allen street Allen, Chambers to Brighton street Allen place, 39 Allen street Aliston, Bowdoin to Somerset st. Allston place, Aliston street Almont place, 18 Blossom street Andover, Causeway to Minot street Andover court, 6 Andover street Ann, Union to Commercial street Arch, Franklin pi. :28 Sunmier st. Arch place 113 Hanover street Arnold, Washington to Suffolk st. Ash, 6 Oak to Beime^jjfctreet Ashburton pi. 48 Bowdoin to Som. Ashland, Leveret lo Chambers st. Ashland av. 680 Wash. 319 liar, av Asylum, 570 Wash. st. 191 Mar. av. Atlantic, 4th to Telegraph Hill Athenaium court 72 Atkinson street Athens, 2d to Dorchester .street Atkinson, Milk to Purchase street Auburn. Brighton av. Livingst"e st. Auburn court, 70 Cambridge street Avery, 387 Washington to Mason st. Avery place N. side Avery street Avon, E street • Avon place, 2G4 Washington street B St. S.B. across B'way to the water Baker's alley, from 99 Broad street Baldwin place. 100 Salem street Barre pi. N. of Eliot, n. Tremont st. Barrett, 77 Ann to 6 Fulton street Bartlett. 187 Hanover to 304 Ann st Bartlett place, 82 Salem street Barton, Leveret lo Lowell street Bath, Milk, opp Pearl to Water st. Battery, 378 Com'l to 199 Hanover Ballerymarch, Liberty sq. to Broad Bav, at 62 Fayette street Beach, 410 Washington to Sea st. Beacon hill pi. Bowdoin to Mt Ver.' Beacon, Tremont to Western av. , Bedford, 290 VVash'n to Summer st., Bedford pLice N side Bedford st. Bedlord court, S.W. Bedford street' Becher lane, Fort Hill to Broad st* Belknap, Beacon to 56 Camb'ge st. Belknap place, 11 Belknap street Bel uont, Wash'n sq. Fort H wharf Belmont sq. Sumner to Marginal si. Bennet av. N Bennet to Prince st. Bennei, 462 Wash'n 91 Har'n av. Bennet (N) 208 Hanover 151 Salem Bennet place, 2 N Bennet street Bennet place, 20 Bennet street Beiniington place, Bennington st. Bennington, E. B. Central square Bessom court, Webster street Beverly, Causeway to Cha'stown st Billerica, Causeway lo Minot street fiillings court, 9 Friend street Bl ickstone, Clinton to Haym'kt sq. Blickstone sq , n. 773 Wash'n st. Blake's ct., 740 Wash. 405 Har. av. Bhuichard court, 705 Wash'n street Blanche court 38 Tyler street Blossom, 91 Camb"ge to Allen st. Blossom place, 15 Blossom street Bolton, 2d to Dorchester street F^ond, Milford to Hanson street Border, E.B. Sumner to Condor bt. Bowdoin, Cambridge to Beacon st. Bowdoin court, 57 Bowdoin street Bowdoin sq, Camb'ge and Court st Bowen court, 5 Belknap street Boylslon, Boylston mkt. to back bay Eoylston pi, 54 Boylston op. bury.g Boylsion sq. So. Boylston market (Bradford, Waltham to Medlord ct Bradford place, Mason street [Bradley place, Endicot, opposite 32 JBr^cli av. Spruce to Charles street Brattle, Dock square to 77 Court st Brattle .square, Brattle to Elm st. [Bread, 88 Broad to 38 India street Bremen, from Sumner street Bridge, N. 115 Camb'ge st. tohosp'l Bridge st. court, opp. 20 Bridge st. 1^;/ r fpienci 10 C if on I 11 Masonu Temple \l Ireitwnt do WMwifitm e l^ tVnetem F.R Depot 16 Trnvulen^An do V Lowell RR d" 18 titrM>urg BUS do J i hiirches "l li yp ' l l I ll|||| |l || |l||l| ril" i"" i ; | ." l "l |I " I | I " I | | I7 ||I' ' i ' 'I l| "|| l| l| ||l| 7 |l|l | l " l " l l l'll'l'i ; l|l'| " l'!ll |" 'l l" 'Hl" l' " ' ||l| i " ' ' ", { \m f \ m | I I 'I | II | I|I'II|I| || |I I | I I| H ^^ «^\^ ^^/ a 2 JM,*/- Uouse . ;{ Cuxloni House- 4 Cotiort. do. 5 Ftxn^Kvl II a a 14 Ar«.f^'. 6 Mavtwnt.r Ejeduin^f ■C Market iipyUion do. Athen. Iiiircha!' 61 f Bridge court, W Cedar n Camb'ge Brig-gs place, Suffolk n Dover street Brighton, Alleu to Lowell R.R. Sta Brighton st. av. Brighl'n Auburn st Brighton court, Brighton ne. Allen Brimmer place, 22 Essex street Broad, State to Sea, bottom Sum'r. Broadway, Turnpike to K Street Brorafield, 209 Wash'n to Tremont Brookline, 503 Harrisoe av. to Tre. Brooks, Condor to Border street Bulfinch, Bowdoin sq. to Allston st. Bulfinch pi. Bulfinch and Bowdoin Bumstead Ct, W end Boylston mkt. Bumstead place, Trem. n Bromfield Burroughs place, HoUis street Bussey place, opposite 5 Arch street Blutier square, Chatham street Butolph, 84 Camb'ge to Myrtle st. Buttrick place, N. Margin street Byron, River street to the water C street, 7th to 1st street Cambridge, Bowd'n sq to W.B b'ge Camden, 805 AVash'nto Tremont st Camden place, 808 Washington st. Canal, Haym'kl sq. to Causeway st. Canton, 483 Har. av. to Tremont st Canton st. court, 1 Canton street Canton st. place. Canton n Wash'n Capen place, 49 Hanover street Carlton place, 51 S side Eliot street Carnes court, S side 15 Hawkins st Carney place, 679 Washington st. Carroll place, 96 Salem street Carver, 73 Pleasant to 74 Boylston Castle, 161 Har. av. to Tremont st. Causeway, Leveret to Chart'n bdge Cedar (S), 104 Pleasant to the water Cedar (W), 57 Chesnut to Camb'ge Cedar st: place, 10 S Cedar street Central, 32 Kilby to 10 India street Central court, 240 Wash to Avon pi Central place, 15 Winter street Central sq. June Meridian Bening'n Centre, Orleans to Marginal st E.B. Centre (W), 122 Camb'ge 65 Pinc'y Centre (N), 85 Hanover to 78 Ann Chambers, 39 Camb. to Spring st pi Chambers st. court, 22 Chambers st Champney pi. W Centre, n. May st Change av. 54 State to Market sq. C banning. Federal to Atkin.son st. Chapel place, 231 Washington st Chapel place (N). 45 Friend street Chapman place, 34 School street Chardon, Bowdoin sq. to Hawkins Chardon st. place, Chardon street Chardon st. court, E side Chardon Cliarles, Boylston to W. B. bridge Charles (N), Livingstone to the w'tr Charlestown, Haym'kt sq. to Cause Charter. 230 Han. to Commercial st Chatham, 21 Merchant's row Com'l Chatham row, 12 Chatham to L wf Chauncey place 43 Summer street Cheever place, Sumner, abv. Cot'ge Chelsea, Tremont to Suffolk street Chelsea, Mav'k sq. to bridge, E. B. Cherry, from 663 Wash, to Suffolk Chestnut, S Walnut to Charles riv. Chestnut pi. 88 Mt Ver. 59 Chest'l. Chessman place, 170 Hanover st. Chester, 645 Har. av. to Tremont st Chilson place, Lyman place Choate, Pleasant st. n the Common Christian court. Canal street Church, Marion to Boylston street Church place, E side Church street Church av. Broadway btwn D & E City Slip, 157 Ann street. Claffen place, 40 Pleasant street Clark, 185 Hanover to 290 Com'l st. Clarke alley, 125 Hanover to Ann st Cleveland place, 19 Snowhill street Clifton av. Suffolk to Middlesex st Clifton place, 833 Washington st. Clnuon, Merch. row toCommercial College court, 8 Fruit street Colony, Swan street to the AVater Columbia, 75 Bedford to 62 Essex Commercial, L \vf. to C'townb'dge Commercial court, Com'l n. Foster Commercial st.av. Com'l op. Ripwf Commercial pi. 448 Commercial st. Common, 549 Wash'n. to Tremont Concord, cro.sses Washington at 787 Condor, Border to Knox street Congress, 31 State to Milk street Congress sq. betw'n 31 & 9 Cong st Coolldge avenue, 34 Temple street Cooper, Cha'stown to 90 Salem st. Cooper st court, N. side Cooper st. Coral court, Andover street Corey avenue, Ash near Beimet st Corn court, S. side Faneuil Hall Cornhill, 23 Wash'n to Court street 6 62 Cornhi II court, 77 Wash, to Court av Copp's Hill avenue 9 Prince street. Coltage, Marginal to Maverick st. Cottage place, G81 E. side Wash'n. Cottiug, 39 Lovi^ell to Leveret street Cotting court, 3 Coiting street Cotting place, 14 Chambers street Cotton place, 91 Purchase to Broad Court av. 87 AVash. to Court square Court, 09 Washington to Bowd'n sq Court sq. City Hall to Court street Cove, East to Lehigh street Cove place, Cove street Creek square, btw'n Union 8c Bkstn Crescent court, opens 8ii Friend st. Crescent place, opens 5 Green street Cross, Border to New, E. B. Cross, City Scales to 24 Coni'l st. Crnt't place, 30 Pearl street Curve, Harrison av. to Lincoln st Custom House st. 70 Broad to India Cyprus, from 119 Camb'dge to Fruit Cyprus st place, 1 G.Cyprus street D street, 1st to 7lh street Deacon, Portland to Merrimac st. Decatur, Wash. st. to liar, avenue Decatur, Liverpool to Orleans, E.B. Dedham, 403 liar. av. to Trernont ]:)edluun court, E. Dedham street, Derne, Bow^doin to Hancock st. Devonshire, 25 State to Milk street Diliaway place, 65 Charter street Disiil-IIouse sq. Sudbury to Ivers Dix place, 501 Washington stree-t Doaue, 10 Kilby to 7 Broad street Dock square, Elm to Wash. op. F.H, Doherty court, Everett, n.Lanison Dorchester, 1st st. to Dorchester line Dove, Dorchester, near 2'd street Dover, S. B. old bridge to Trernont Dover place, Dover st. to Har. av. Dupee place, 13 Friend street E street, 8lh street to the water Eagle, Border to Chelsea street East, 36 South to Sea street East St. place, opp. 16 East .street Eaton, N. Russell to 46 Chambers Eaton place, 8 Gouch street Eaton court, 4 N. Bennet street Eddy, next 99 Tyler street Edinboro' E.ssex to Beach street 1 Eliot place, Eliot near Trernont st m, Dock square to 29 Hanover si Emerald, Dover to Castle street Emery place, E. side Warren st. EndicotjHan. & Salem to Ch't'nbdg Endicot court, Endicot street FiUdicot street place, 75 Endicot Krin alley, Liverpool to Border, EB. Essex, 378 Washington to South si Essex place, Essex, opp. Columbia Eutaw, Border to ^Vhite street Hverett, JeflVies to Orleans street Everett court, Everett st. E. B. Exchange, 36 State st. 30 Dock sq. Exeter place, Rowe street F street, 8ih street to the water Fabin, between Dedham & Canton l''ayette, 80 Pleasant st to the water Fayelle court. 403 Washington st. Federal. 77 Milk to Purchase street Federal court, at 45 Federal st. Federal court (N) 78 Hanover st. Ferry, .54 Fulton to 119 Ann street Fessenden court: Webster street Filth, Turnpike to S. B. Point First, Turnpike to S. B. Point Fleet 185 Planoverst. to E.R R.wf Florence, Wash. st. to Har. av. Ford place, Everett street F'ort avenue, Harr. av. to Wa.sh.sl. Foster, Charter to Commercial st. Foster place, 6 Foster street Foster pi. (S) W Tre. n Boylston Foundry, 4th st. to N. bridg*^ Fourth, S. bridg to D. heis^hts, point Franklin, 184 Washington to Fed. Franklin aveime, 81 Court 30 Cornh Franklin pi. Hawley stB. Theatre. Frauklin sq. Wash, n Cem & Bkline French place, 23 Essex street Freeman place, 15 Beacon street Friend, 62 Hanover to Causeway Friend st pi., W. Friend n. Causewy Fruit, 32 Blossom to Cyprus street Fruit street conn. Fruit n. Blossom Fuller, Church street Fulton, Clinton to Lewis street Fulton court rear 109 Ann street Fulton place, 76 Fulton street Furnace, Sea, near Kneeland streel G street S.B. n. Mt. Washhigton si Eighth, Turnpike st. to S. B. poim Garaux place, 17 Portland streel Eliot, Pleasant to 481 Washington Garden, Camb'ge to21 JJf. Myrtife 63 Garden ct. St., N. sq. to Fleet street iHavre. Sumner to Bennington st. Garden si. ct.. Garden n. May st. Havre'place, Havre street Gardner, Tremont to Emerald st. (lavves, 50 Congress to Kilby st. Gardner place, 124 Broadway Garland, 083 Washington to Suffolk Gates, Mercer to Sth street Genesee, 238 Harrison av toAllvny (iilman place, W. side Friend st. Gold, Dorchester to A street Gorham place, 741 Washington st. Gouch, 11 Green to Merrimac st Gouch place, 10 Gouch street Graphic court, 219 Washington st. Gray place, 8 Portland street Green, Bowdoin .sq.to 43 Chambers Greenough av. 25 Charter to Com'l Gridiey,"High to Purchase .street Groion, 711 Wash, to Tremont st. Grove, 138 Cambride-e to May st. Grove (N) 127 Camb"ge to Med. Col. Grove ct. or pi., head of Grove st. Grove place, near 27 Grove street H street, South Boston next to G Halt-Moon place, 123 Broad street Hall place, 137 Hanover street Hamburg, 748 Wash.st toHarr.av. Hamilton, Batterymarch Wash.sq. Hamilton pi. Tremont opp Prk. st. cli Hamilton alley, Hamst n. Bat'marcl Hamilton court, N side Ham. street. Hamlen place, 142 Pleasant street, Hammond av. 99 Chambers to Lev. Hancock Mt. Vernon to Cambridge, Hancock, av. Beacon to Mt. Vernon Hancock row, Marshl.st. Creek sq. Hanover, Court to Winnisinmietfry Hanover court (IV.), 152 Hanover st. Hanover court (S.), 15 Hanover st. Hanover place, 140 Hanover street Hanover av. , 191 Han. to Ann st. Hanson, Suffolk to Tremont street Harding court, 5ih between A & B Harlem place, 347 Washington st Harmony court, S. side Canal street Harrison aveime, Essex toRox'y line Harrison place, Friend, n Causeway Hartford place, S. High,n. Fort Hill Harvard, 443 Wa.sh. South street Harvard court, opp. 10 Harvard st Harvard place. Wash opp Old South .Halters' .sq. Ann to Marsh.-ill street liaveji, Suffolk near Rutland street Haverhill, Warren bri'e Hayinkt sq;Kingston, 57 Summer to Beach st Hawkins, Sudbury to Ivers street Hawley, Trinity ch. Sum'r. to Milk Hawley place, 170 Washington st. Hayina'rket sq. N.E. City Scales laymarket place, Avery street Hayward place, 348 Washington st. Head place, Boj'lston street, N. side Henchman lane, 35 Cbnrter to Coin. Hersey place, opp. 12 Essex street High, Summer st. to Fort Hill High street court, 87 High street High street place. 40 High n. Atknisn Highland place, Sumner n. Cottage Holden place, 21 & 23 Belknap street H(4Iis, 517 \\ ash. to Tremont St. Hollis place, Hoilis street (looton court, Everett street Hotel, Maverick sq. to Paris street Howard, Court loBulfinch .street Hudson (N.) Hull to Snowliill street Hud.son, trom Beach to Curve street Hudson place, 27 Hudson street Huff place, Tyler n. Curve street Hull, 104 Salem to Commercial st. Hull street court. Hull n. Salem st. Humphrey place. E. side Hamilton [ street. South Boston, next to H st India, Long wf. to India wf. Indiana, 548 Wash, to Ilarr. avenue Indiana place, opens 611 Wash. st. Iron, N to S. bridge. South Boston [vers, Hawkins to Merrimac street, .lackson place, 14 Winter street .lackson avenue. Charter to Com'l .Jackson court, rear school h N Marg .lames place, W. side W Centre st. .lasper place, 1.57 Ann street .lefferson, Fayette to Tremont st. .fefferson place, 17 Bennet street leffries. Marginal to Maverick .st. lenkins pi. Com'l opp Bartlett's wf. Toy pi. Belknap, btw Beacon & Mt V K street, next to I .^t. South Boston Kellam place, 667 Washington st. Kelley place,' Everett street Kennard av. 321'oplarto Allen st. Keimard court, 1 Kennard av. Kentle, Suffolk to Tretn. n Iloxline Kilby, State to Milk street 64 Kingston pi. or ct. Kingston street Kneeland, 432 Wash, to sea st. Kneeland pi. Kneeland street Knox, rear 25 Fayette street Khun place, 74 Treniont street L street, next to K st. S. Boston La Fayette av. 77 Prince to Eudicot La Grange place, 451 Washington Lamson, Belmont sq. to Everett st. Lamson court, Lamson street Lancaster, Merrimac to Causeway Lancaster ct. S. side Lancaster st. Lane pi. Belmont, n. Wash, square Langdon place, 179 Ann street . Langdon coun, W. sid Langdon pi. Lathrop place, 155 Hanover street Lawrence place, 105 Cambridge st. Lee place, Southac, n. W. Cedar si Lehigh, S. end Albany to Cove st. Lenox, 817 Wash, to Suffolk street. Leveret, 29 Green st. to Cragie's b. Leveret lane, 67 Leveret street Leveret court, 26 Leveret street Lewis, 95 Commercial to Ann st Lewis, E. B. ferry lo Sumner st. Lexington place, Lexington street Lexington, Border to Eagle .^•treet Liberty sq. June Kilby, Water, Batry Lime, Charles, to water [march sis Lime alley. Charter to Coinmerciai Limerick place, 217 Hanover street Lincoln, 65 Summer to Lehigh st. Lincoln court, 39 Fayette street Lindall, Congress to Kilby street Lindall place, 154 Cambridge street Linwood place, 10 South street Liverpool, Sumner st.lo Central sq Livingston, Brighton to the river Livingston place, 15 Livingstone London, Sumner to Bennington E.B. Louisburg sq. betw. Pink'y & Mt. V. Lovett place, 84 Poplar street Lovis, Gold to 5th near E street Lowell, Causeway to Lowell R.R. S Lowell court, Lowell place Lowell place, S. side Boylston st Lucas place, 661 Washington street Lyman place, 17 Leveret lo 15 Green Lynde, Cambridge to 3S Green st. Lynde place, 9 Lynde street Lyndeboro' place, 84 Carver street M street, next to L street S Boston Madisou place, 150 Pleasant street Mahan place, opp. 142 Pleasant st. Maiden, 742 Washington to Maldn. Maiden place, Maiden street Maple place, 123 Harrison avenue Margaret, 27 Prince to Sheafe st. Margin (N) 52 Salem to Eudicot st. Margin (S) Pills to Prospect street Marginal Lewis to Jeffries street Marion, 98 Pleasant st. to the water Marion, Chelsea to While st. E. B. Market, Portland to Canal street Market (N) N. side Quincy market Market (S) S. side Quincy market Market sq. S.W. & N. sides F. Hall Market place, 415 Washington st. Marshall, 24 Union to Hanover st. Marshall place, 76 Charter street Marston place, 71 Chambers street Mason, West to Avery street Maverick, Jeffries to New street Maverick sq. June. Lew. Chel. Sum. May (S.) 712 Wash. 355 Harr. av. May, S. Russell to Charles street May court. May, n. W. Cedar st. May plaoe, rear 12 Oak street May St. pi. May, near West Cedar McLean, Chambers to Blossom st. McLean court, 8 McLean street Mechanic, 115 Hanover to Ann st. Medtbrd, Charlestown to Causeway Medtbrd court, 721 Washington st. Melrose place, 56 Poplar street Melville place, 22 Spring street Merchants' row, 90 State lo27Ann Mercer, Dorchester street Meridian, Maverick sq. to Condor st Meridian court. Meridian, n London Merrimack, Haym'ktsq. Causeway Middlesex, Castle to Suffolk street Millbrd, S. Suffolk to Tremont st Milk, Old South to 24 India street Milner place, 45G Washington st. Milton, Spring lo Brighton street Milton place, 59 Federal to Fed. ct. Minot, 61 Leveret to Andover st. Monmouth, Meridian to Brooks st. Montgomery place, 96 Tremont st. Moon, North sq. to Fleet street Moon St. court, S. side Moon street Morton, 44 Salem to Eudicot street Morion place. Milk, nearHawley Morton court, 11 Morton place , Mount Vernon, Beacon to Charles 65 Ui. Ver. av.l03 Mt. V.to Pinckney Orleans, Marginal to Behnington s Ml. Ver. pi. Hancock av. to Belknap Osboru place, 30 Pleasant street Mt. Warren, 4lli to the beach Oswego, 228 Harrison av. to Albany Mulberry place, 2.5 Portland street Otis place, Summer, opp Kingston Murray place or court, 3S Prince st. Oxford, 41 Essex to Beach street Murray court. Orleans street Oxford place, IS Harrison avenue Myrtle, Hancock to Centre street P street, across 4th st S. B. Point Myrtle court, W. end Myrtle street Page's court, 312 Ann street Mystic, Maiden to Brookline street Page's court, Broadway, btwD&E N street, next to M St.. S. Boston ^Panie place, 47U AVashinglon street Nashua, Causeway toMinot street Paris, Sumner to Bennington street Nashua court, Nashua street Paris court, Paris, near Decatur st. Nashua place, Nashua, n. Causeway Paris place, 27 Merrimac street Nassau, 103 Harri.soii a^. to Ash si. Paris place, Paris opp. Hotel st. National, 4th near Dorchester street" Park, Tremont to Beacon street New, Sumner to Maveric^treet ;Park place. Hanov. it ii. Board alley Newbern place, 61 i arvei^treet 'Parknian's place. 144 Hanover st. Newbury place, 3Gi Washington st Payson court, Broadway, btwDfc E Newland, btwn Suflblk 6c Tremont Pearl, 97 Milk to Broad .street New Prince, Hanover to North .sq. .Pearl place. E. side Pearl .street Newton, Tremont to 537 Harr. av. Pemberlon sq. Tremont to Somerset Newton court, Tyler, near Oak st. Pembroke, W. side Suflblk street Newton place, opens 5 Beach street Phillips place, opp. Chapel, Trem. Noble place, N. side Sumner street Phipps place, 48 Charter, n. Foster ■Norlblk avenue, 185 Washington st Piedmont, 112 Pleasant street Norfolk place. .3-30 Washiusrton st. Pike's alley, 52 Poplar street Northainpton. SOI Washington st. North Federal court. Union street North sq. btwn. Han., Fleet & Ann Pinckney, (53 Belknap street Pincknev'lane. Pinck'vto Mt. Vern. Pine, 520 Wash, to 1.39 Harr. av. -North Hanover court, 152 Hanover jPine place, opp. 1 Pine street North Hudson, Snowhill to Hull st. North Margin, 74 Salem to Endicot -North Margin place, 29 N. Margin North Market, N. side F.H. market North Russell, 65 Cambridge street Norwich, first south of Maiden st. Noyes place, 110 Salem stseet O street, next to N street, S. Boston Oak, 514 Washington to Lincoln st Oak place, S. side Oak, opp. Ash st Piits, Green to Merrnnac street Pitts court, 4 Pitts street Pitts place, G Pitis street Pleasant, 80 Boylston to 589 AVash. Pleasant st. court, 140 Pleasant st. Plea.sant st. place, 133 Pleasant .st. Plymouth, Northainpton,opp Har av Plymouth place, 47 Harrison avenue Plympton court, Lenox street Pond .street place, 75 Endicot street ■Ohio place, 603 Washington street Poplar, 60 Chambers toChs. river Old Harbor, Dorchester near 4th st. 'Poplar court, opp. 54 Poplar street Old Road, 3d street to Point Poplar place opp. 24 Poplar street Olive Place, 732 Washington street Porter, W. Pleasant st. n. Tremont Oliver, 105 Milk street to Wash. pi. [Porter, Chelsea st. to Central square Oliver place, S. side Essex st op 3S Portland, .38 Hanover to Causeway Oneida. 218 Harr av. to Albany st. Ontario, Swan st. to the water Orange, 625 Washington street Orange (E.), 192 Harr. av. to Lehigh Orange lane. Wash, to 157 Harr. av Orange avenue, 46 Orange to Castle 'Grange court, rear Plymouth street 6* Portland place, 19 Portland street Post Office avenue. 20 Congress Powars court, 32S Ann street Prescott, Chelsea to White street Prince, Hanov to Charlesl'n bridge Princeton, Meridian to Chelsea st. Prospectj^l Lyman pi. to Merrimac 66 Prospect court, South Margin st. Providence, Pleasant to the water Province, 30 School, 25 Bromfield Province House court, 1G5 Wash. Purchase, Summer to Broad street Purchase place, 8S Purchase street Putnam, Cottage to Condor street Q street, next lo P st. S. Boston Quiet place, 77 Purchase street Quincy, D and E street Quincy place, N. side High street Revere place. 14 Charter street Richardson place. SI Tremoni street Richmond, 87 Salem 57 Commercl. Richmond place, opp. 17 Riciimonii Ridgeway lane, Cambridge toDerne Ringgold, South Lowell street River, 69 Beacon to foot of Mt. Ver. Robinson alley, 2'20 Hanover street Rochester, 248 Harr. av. to Albany Rollins place. May, n. Garden st. Rowe, S. side Bedford to Essex st. Rowe place, 14 Rowe street Russell (N.) Cambridge to Eaton Russell (S.) Cambridge to Myrtle Russell court, 20 N. Russell street Rutland, 785 Washington street Salem, 104 Hanover to Charter st. Salem place, 24 Salem street Salem court, Salem, n. Tiieston st. Salt lane, 29 Union st. to Creek sq. Salter place, 56 Prinee street Salutation, 195 rianover to Comm'l. Saratoga, Central .sq. across Chelsea School, 137 Wash, to Tremont st. Scott court, 8 & 9 Union street Scott alley, Creek sq. to Aim street Sea, Summer to North Free Bridge Seabury place, 33 Blossom street Sears' place, W. Centre, near May Seaver place, 68 Tremont street Second, 67 Leveret street Second (2d) Turnpike to K .street Second street place, 11 Second st Seneca, Har. Av. to Albany st. Seventh (7th) S. B. Point Turnpike Sewall place, Milk street Shawmut, 116 Pleasant io Church Shawmut place, 826 AVashington Sheafe, Salem to Suowhill street Sherman place, May street Shoe and Leather, Ann to Fulton Short, 13 N. Beniiet to Tiieston st. Short Second, Second to Brighton Sigourney pi, Hanov. N. of Com'?, si ver. Turnpike to G street Sister, Williams to Channing st Sixth, (6) Turnpike to Dorchester Smith court, 25 Belknap street Smith place, 15 Belknap street Snelling place, 2 Pliill street Snowhill, 21 Prince to Charier st. Suowhill court, 10 Snowhill street SnoM'hill place, S Snowhill street Snowhill avenue, 7 Snowhill street Somerset, Beacon to Howard street South, Summer to Lehigh street South St. ct. South, opp. Essex st. South SI. place, W. side South st. Soutlmc, Butolph to SI W. Cedar Southm; court, W. end Southac st. Souihac place, 6 Sonthac street South Margin, Pitts to Prospect st. South Market, S. side F. H. markt. South Russell, 78 Cambridge street South Suffolk Dover st. to Roxbury South Williams, Wash, to Suffolk Spear alley, 83 Purchase street Spear place, Pleasant n. Wash. st. Spring. 61 Leveret to 44 Allen st. Spring St. court, 59 Spring street Spring St. place, 18 Spring street Spring lane, 134 Wash, to Devonsh. Springfield, Tremont st. to Harr. av. Spruce. 32 Chesnut to 40 Beacon Siandish place, 7 Pitts street Staniford, 13 Cambridge to 28 Green Staniford court, Stanirord place Slanilbrd place, 11 Staniford st State, 68 Wash, to Long wharf Steele's court, (see Hammond av.) Stillnian,46 Salem to Cha'stowii st. Stilinian pi. Stillman to Cooj)er st. Stoddard, Howard to Court street Story place, 27 State street Strong place, 126 Cambridge street Slurgis place, 40 Pearl street Sudbury, Court to 30 Portland st. Sudbury square, N. end Sudbury st Suffolk, Castle to Dover street Suffolk (S.) Dover st. to Roxbury Suffolk place, 300 Washington st. Sullivan place, 39 Federal street Summer, 226 Wash. st. to the water Sumner, Marginal to New st. E. B. Sumner place, Sumner street Sun ct. street, North sq. to Ann st. 67 Swan, Turnpike to the water Svveetser court, 340 Washington st Taylor, Groton'to Mih'ord street Telegraph, Dorchester to Tel. Hill Temple, 26 Cambridge to Mt. Ver. Temple place, Masonic Temple Temple avenue, 307 Washington si Terrace place, Webster street Thatcher, 71 Prince, to Cha'stown Thatcher avenue, 34 Thatcher st. Thatcher st. court, 29 Thatcher st. Theatre alley, Milk st, tor. Theatre Third (3d), 2d to K street Tileston, 214 Hanov. to 161 Salem Tileston place, 6 Tileston street Townsend pi. (N.), Commercial st. Townsend place (S.), 6 Carver st. Tram's alley, 153 Ann street Travers, Merrimac to Cha'stown st Tremont, Court to Roxb'y by Com'n Tremon* place, r. Tremont House Tremont row, Beacon to Court st. Trenton, Meridian to Eagle street Troy, 258 Harr. av. to Albany st. Trumbull, Newland to Tremont st. Tyler, Beach to Curve Tyler court, Harr. av opp. Pine st. Tyler place, Tyler, n. Kneeland st. Turnpike, N. Free Bridge, S. Boston Union, Dock sq. to Haymarket sq. Unity, Charter to 14 Tileston street Unity court, 3 Unity street Utica, south from South st. place Utica place, Utica to South street Vernon, 89 Leveret to 70 Lowell st. Vernon place, 23 Charter street Village, opp. 27 Dover street Village place, W. Castle to Orange Vine, N. Russell to Cyprus street 'Walnut, 33 Beacon to 28 Mt. Ver. Wall, Minot to Colting street Waltham, Tremont to 395 Harr. av. Warren, 581 Washington to Eliot Warren pi 54 Warren 69 Pleasant Warren sq. Merrimac to Friend st. Washburn place, 74 Charter street Washington, Dock sq. to Roxbury Washington ct., 733 Washington st Washington square on F'ortHill Washington place, Wash, avenue Washington av. Purch. to Washsq. Water, 128 Wash, to 37 Broad st. Waverly place, IS South street Webster, Sumner st. to Tuft's works Webster place, 13 Fleet street Well, Custom H. to Wharf street Wendell, Oliver to Hamilton street Wesley, Chelsea to Meridian street Wesley place^ 192 Hanover street West, 333 Wash, to Tremont street West Cedar, Chestnut to Cambr. Western av. Charles to Brookline Weston, Tremont to Suffolk street Wharf, ion Broad to 43 India street Wheeler's court, 40 Pleasant street White, Border, to Trenton street W^ilberforce place, Souihac street Willard place, 815 Washington st. Williams, 70 Federal to Atkinson Williams court, thro' arch 103 Wash Willow, 37 Chestnut to70Mt. Ver. Wilson lane, 26 State to 32 Dock sq Winslow place, 55 Chamber street Winter, 271 Wash to 129 Tremont Winter pi. opens at 20 AVinter st Winthrop place, 50 Summer street Winthrop, Maverick sq. to Paris st Worcester, Tremont to 601 Harr. av. Woodward, E street to Dorchester Wordsworth, Saratoga street Wright's ct. Broadway, opp. Episch Zone, Grove pi. r. W. Cedar street SOUTH BOSTON. Dorchester Point, comprising about 600 acres of good land^ and on which In 1800, there were not three hous- es, was connected to Boston in 1804, as an integral part of the City : — in 1776, the heights and hills on its east- ern part, alforded the American army under Washing- ton, a chance to rout the 10,000 British forces under Lord 65 Howe and drive them out from Boston ; wliich chance was successfully improved : and as the young child had caused so great a good to the parent stock, it was kind- ly taken into the great family with a free parental adop- tion; that section of the city, numbers now about 12,000 inhabitants, with about 1400 Buildings : mostly occupied by the owners thereof; they have large manufactories in various branches of useful articles of merchandize and machine work, and are progressing rapidly in all that en- riches society in the useful arts. The present dividing line by water between South Boston and Old Boston, was formed by a chartered com- pany for that purpose in 1796: it was then fiats, over which shipping craft could pass at high tide to Roxbury; it was dug and cleared out by that company for a ships' channel : in the course of time, the tide washed away the land on each side, to its present large opening : if it may have been a work of public utility to have opened it at that date, it would be a much greater one at this time to close it entirely, and a bee-line of solid Jand made from Liverpool wharf to the city lands at South Boston ; and open a ship channel through the flats and bogs on a south-and-west line, south of South Boston, into the south end and Roxbury cove : the land thereby formed would be more valuable for building-lots than for wharves, and the gain from tide-water, form extensive landed es- tates where now wharves and water space are the only value. EAST BOSTON. This now integral part of Boston comprising about^TOO acres, was first known as Noddle's Island : it was as- sumed in 1629 by an early emigrant of the name of Samuel Maverick, and was aftervt^ards granted to him by the general Court on the payment of £10, or by a fat wether or hog, yearly, to the Governor: — in 1636 it was annexed to Boston : — in 1650 George Briggs held its title : — in 1668 il became the property of Sir Thomas 69 Temple ; and it appears that the heirs of Col. Samuel tShrimplon, (Mr. Williams,) had the fee simple of it, and sold it to a company in 1831 for about $70,000: — they laid it out with streets for a speculation ; but before any returns were realized for their great outlay, it proved ru- inous to some of the projectors — but at this day, 1851, one of their best wharves could not be had for what the whole Island cost : — in 1810 but 18 persons inhabited the whole area. The rapid building up of the place may be attributed in a great measure to the Eastern K. Road Station being there, and the Cunard British line of Steamers arriving and departing every fortnight during the summer months, and monthly during the winter months, from their fine deep-water-wharf on the South-western part of the Island, fronting old Boston : — the manufacturing in- terests are greatly extending there, and enterprise is pro- minently marked on their movements : — they have been but poorly supplied with the purest quality of water, but at this date, the grand Quochituat gives forth its blessed pure liquid streams in abundance to the Citizens. The population of East Boston is about 7000 : the hous- es are generally well built, many neat and elegant ; and in time will cover their land with works of art, and for art," as the waters cover the seas :" The map of the city in this work shows its geographical situation. SOUTH COVE CORPORATION. The Charter of this incorporation is dated Jan. 31st., 1833; the shares were iipSOO each, and 829 being sub- scribed for, produced the sum of $414,500; the filling up of the cove commenced May 3., 1834, and 77 acres of good land completed in Nov. 1837. — 55 of that amount wholly reclaimed from the dock tide waters ; the whole of this practical part of the concern under the management of Francis Jackson, who acquitted him- self with great cradit, and for the stock-holders, great profit. 70 Five artesian wells were sunk, all of which furnish- ed an inexhaustible supply of good, soft water, the average cost of which was about $500, and their average depth 95 feet: cast iron tubes eight inches diamater were inserted, through which the water rises to within eleven feet of the ground surface, and a pipe 12 inches diameter and twenty-five feet in length at the upper part of the well, with distributing tubes, supplied 40 houses each, with the water by the use of pumps. The Worcester and Western Rail Road corporation, occupy 7 1-3 acres on the South cove lands ; and also the Old Colony Rail-Road coiporatiou, have their station adjoining the foimer ; and prosperity now crowns both enterprises : here too is the United States Hotel, that has accommodated in a comfortable manner with board and lodging, 600 persons at one time. Nearly the whole extent of Lincoln Street : all of Utica and Short streets, all of Albany, Hudson^ Tyler and nearly the whole of Harrison Avenue, have been formed out of Dock occupancies. In conversation with a middling-interest man in 1844, he said that he had subscribed and paid for 10 shares in the Western Rail Road !it^5000, and that it had not then netted him one cent in return ; and he made out his story at first, with all pretended lamentation, quite grevious to a friendly ear; but then — he added, I'll tell you how I get my interest m'^ney — my houses that used to let for !$250 per year and glad to get that for them, now freely pay S300, and my butter is bu; 12 or 14 cents which before cost me 20 to 25 ; good milk 4, former price for bad, 6 cents — eggs at 12, former price 20 — pork 6, for- mer price 8 to 10, &c., &c. — and he added, when I go down to the station, and see such an immence quantity of stock, merchandize and produce coming into the city over that road, it does my heart good, and I don't care if it never pays me one cent back : and so then, said I, you would not hesitate to put down $5000 more for any great projected improvement in the city, would you"? no, 71 said he, I would put it down with all my heart, and free as water ; — this man was George Hills ; and now in ad- dition to the merit of being a public spirited citizen, he reaps a fair percentage on his whole investment and which will increase with the increasing trade and travel over that ever busy road. BALLOON ASCENSION. Mr. Lewis A. Lauriat says, that he has ascended in his Balloon 48 times from various places between the British Provinces and Mexico, and the highest altitude he ever attained, was upwards of 24,500 feet, admeas- ured by the Barometer and Revolving Index; that being 300 feet beyond the upper clouds : there the Thermom- eter ranged from 12 to 15 degrees below freezing point, and at that elevation the air was so rarified as to cause the gass in the Balloon to expand nearly a third more in capacity, than it was on leaving the earth ; and the difhculty of breathing was such as to cause three times respiration to one below : — his pulse before starting be- ing at 70, rose to 110 a minute ; causing small blood- vessels to swell and strain for vent, producing great pain in the forehead ; at last streams of blood from his nose gave relief to his head : still, owing to the extreme light- ness of the atmosphere, a constant and free evaporation through the pores of his body created an incessant thirst that water would be constantly desirable. On his ascension on June 17th, 1839, from Chelsea, the wind blowing strong from the west, carried his bal- loon with great rapidity down the harbor, and perceiving that he was going a greater distance than was desirable, he made many attempts by dragging on the plains and passing through trees near point Shirley, in hopes they would bring him to an anchorage ; but he was finally blown off on the ocean and there dragged for an hour and a quarter, he holding on to the broken netting-work outside of the balloon, for a distance of 30 miles, towards Cape-Ann ; there he was rescued from his perilous sit- 72 uation by Capt. John Pierce of wellfleet, who took him on board the vessel : on doing this, the Balloon being- somewhat released, it escaped from out of the remaining net-work and went oif on the wings of the wind with greater rapidity than a steam-engine, and was a total loss: it cost one thousand dollars. MR. LAURIAT RESCUED BY CAPT. PIERCE. CITY HALL. The City Hall on School Street, formerly the Court House (with the cognomen of Johnson Hall, it being, on the site of the house of Isaac Johnson, in 1630,) whom Thomas Pemberton styled " the founder of Boston ; " Eliot calls him the " Father of Boston, a holy and wise man; he died in sweet peace, Sept. 30, 1630, about one month after the decease of his beloved wife, the Lady Arbella," who died at Salem, about five weeks after setting her foot on N. England ground. This Hall was built in 1819; it consists of an Octagon centre, 55 feet wide, with two wings 26 by 40 feet each, and each hav- 73 ing entrances from the front and rear : the length of the whole building is 140 feet; — the basement, is occupied by offices for the City Marshall ; — Overseers of the Poor; Directors of the House of Industry; — Auditor of City Accounts — and Treasurer ; — The next story above, is the Mayor and Aldermen's apartment; — City Clerk; — Over- seers of the House of Correction; — Supertendent of Public Buildings; ditto of Public Lands — of Burial Grounds, Streets and Common Sewers, the third Story is the Hall for the Common Council ; — office for the Clerk of ditto; — and Assessors room. The cost of the building was S92. 817.16 ; the lower floor is brick. The Registry of Deeds office^ is in the rear of the City Hall, in a fire proof build- ing. COURT HOUSE, COURT STREET. Was commenced building in 1831, and completed in 1836; its size is 176 feet by 64, its height 57 feet, of 3 stories; the front and rear entrances are ornamented with a portico and four granite fluted pillars; the base- ment is occupied as the Justices and Police Court room, United States Marshall; — Clerks of the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts ; — the story next above, is for the Supreme and United States Court llooms— Offices for the Clerks of ditto — and the Law Library ; the third story is the Municipal Court Room, with rooms for the various Juries and witnesses : this building stands on the site of the old Court House and Jail. THE OLD AND NEW CUSTOM HOUSE. The Custom House in Custom House St.. was 60 feet square, of two stories, with a colonnade 60 feet long and 10 feet depth, supported by 10 granite columns of the Doric order, 14 feet in length : the front crowned with a pediment, on the top of which was an Eagle. It cost about 830,000; the business of the Customs is now transacted at the costly granite pillared new Cus- tom House, at the head of Long Wharf, erected at an 7 74 outlay of rising one million of dollars. The accompany- ing Engraving is a good representation of the new Cus- tom House. BOSTON ALMSHOUSE, 1660. The Old Alms-house, Work-house and Bridewell with a Granary, occupied the whole length of Park street : the first proposal for an Ahnshouse on the Boston Records, was made in Nov. 1660 : and it is noted that in Feb. 1665, " a person was admitted :" The Granary was a long wooden building for storing 12,000 bushels of grain, to deal out to those who bought by small quan- tities, at an advance of 10 per cent on the cost : the Alms- house was two stories, built of brick in the form of an L, with a gable roof : the Work- house was also two brick stories for dissolute and vagrant persons : The Bride- well was a prison for the disorderly : a part of the building was for insane persons : the Almshouse was burnt down Dec. 18th, 1682, and re-built June, 1686: the Work-house was built 1738. The new Alms-house in Leverett street near the Low- ell Depot, was erected in 1800 : 270 feet front length by 56 feet depth — of 4 stories : well built with brick : base- ment for workshops and three large kitchens : over those, were 48 rooms 24 by 22 feet : in the centre of the range, was a Hall 40 by 50 feet : and over that a chapel of the same size, with large arched windows finished with fluted pilasters of the Ionic order : the front and rear yards were 80 by 280 feet: the inmates of this building w^ere removed to the city lands and public establishment on South Boston Point in 1825, and the lot sold to private individuals. The present imposing buildings of granite for a House of Correction, House of Industry, House for Juvenile offen- ders and House for Insane persons at South Boston, have been erected at various dates, as required by the occa- sion; the two first in 1821, and others after that date, on the city lot of upwards of 100 acres of land : the establish- THE NEW COUNTY JAIL. _ Page 75. Itiwi THE NEW CUSTOM HOUSE. Pago 74. 75 merits there, in all their separate compartments, enjoy a high reputation for their judicious management by com- petent and careful ofiicers ; the houses of Correction and Industry are each 200 feet long, 43 feet wide and 29 feet high. The County Jail in Leverett street, and House of Cor- rection connected with it, was finished in 1822; in 1823 the Old Jail on Court street was taken down and its materials partly used in constructing a Gun-house and Ward Room on Thatcher Street. A new County Jail, at a cost of $450,000 has been erected on Cambridge street, north-east of Cambridge bridge, nearly fronting Charles St., to which those con- fined in the Leverett street prison are to be removed. SAVINGS BANKS Have a very happy tendency, to encourage industry and sobriety among the laboring classes: where the little amounts they have earned and to spare, is honorably preserved for them, till at a future time, it may be need- ed for some important object. The Suffolk Savings Bank and the Provident Institu- tion for Savings, on Tremoiit Street, have been in opera- tion a number of years, where thousands have deposited their one or more dollars, with undoubted safety, and not only free from any expense to the depositors, but with an actual compound interest and profit to them, as soon as the amount deposited, may be five dollars ; of 4 per cent, semi-annually computed, with also, a propor- tional share of the extra dividends of interest-money ac- cruing, if the amount deposited, remains in the bank for the term of five years. The Suffolk Savings Bank is open daily from 9 till 1 o'clock, and deposits received, and payments are made daily, at their banking house under the Boston Museum. The Banking house of the Provident Institution for Savings^ is in the granite building next south of the Mu- seum, and is open daily, from 9 till 1 o'clock ; deposits 76 are to be made there, on Monday, Tuesday and Wednes- day, and deposits withdrawn, on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. These two establishments are governed by honorable high minded and influential citizens, who devote their time and talents for the best management of the institu- tions, without fee or reward ; to secure to the industrial classes any amounts they may have earned, and eco- nomically preserved for any future time of need ; to en- courage them in a prudent course of habits ; of living, of temperance, frugality and of a rational life. Here a few dollars saved and deposited, is sacredly preserved for its owner without any doubt of its safety; but in former times, when some one had been entrusted with the sav- ings of industry and frugality, it had many a time and oft been swept away, a total loss to its owner, by mis- management or fraud : — these two Banks have given a test of care and security of the iunds for the working classes, for about twenty years, in all which time, the depositors have never lost one cent, and have received a fair interest on the amounts in addition. THEATERS. The first Theatrical exhibition before a Boston audi- ence, was in 1792, in a roughly built wooden amphithe- ater on Hawley street : this was opened for one or two seasons. The performances were announced as Moral Lectures^ to evade the strenuous and onerous laws then in force against theatrical entertainments. The people, generally, at that date, favored the enaction of plays, and considered the Laws against it ''as unconstitutional, inexpedient and absurd;" a petition was extensively signed for their repeal, which had the desired effect. The Federal Street Theater was commenced building in 1793, and the first performance there was on Feb. 3 1794, under the management of Mr. S. C, Powell: soon offer this event, a serious misunderstanding occurred between the manager and the proprietors of the build- injX, \vh8n Mr. Powell withdrew from the establislimenl; and he then built a capacious wooden Theatre on Common slreet, a little north of the Winthrop House, with the title of the Hay market Theater: this not proving a profitable investment, and being considered dangerous to the neighborhood, if it should be fired, was staved to pieces and carted off for firewood. The next establishment opened for Theatricals, was the W'^ashington Garden, for Vaudevilles and light enter- tainments, at the corner of Common and West streets, in the year 1819; this soon lost ground in public favor, when it was razeed level with the earthy and apportioned out for house lots. Tremont Theater was erected on Tremont street in 1827, and opened for Theatrical performances Sept. 27, of the same year, under the management of Mr, Wm. Pelby. It continued to be a Theater, with very variable circumstances, until 1842, when it was sold to a Bap- tist society for $50,000 ; Then an entirely new arrange- ment of its component parts was eifected, at a cost of 'S 24,000. It was dedicated to the worship of God, Dec. 4, 1843. The Lion Theater was built on the site of the Lion Tavern, on Washington street, which was opened to the public, June 11, 1836, under the management of Mr. Barrymore : this soon proved a loosing concern, when it was altered for another purpose, and is now known as the Melodeon. The National Theater on the corner of Portland and Traverse streets, was first built on a small scale, in 1831 and opened in February, 1832, under the joint manage- ment of two brothers, by the name of Stewart : this, also, proved a loosing concern • the house was transferred to Mr. VVm. Pelby, who made additions to its size and con- veniences, and changed its name to Warren Theater. Under this new cognomen, and Mr. Pelby's manage- ment, it flourished, and in 1836, he rebuilt the whole concern, with enlarged arrangements, to hold 1100 per- 78 sons, and changed its name to tbil of national t-hkatssr,-; he continued proprietorand manager, until his decease in 1849, and since that time it has been under the con- trol of his talented widow. HOWARD ATHENjEUM THEATRE, HOWARD STREET. The Hovmrd Athenotum Theater ^ on Howard street, was built in 1846, on the site of the Miller Tabernacle, and was opened for public performances in the fall of that year : this, at particular times, has been a pet estab- lishment with the public, and with judicious manage- ment will maintain its elevated value with the admirers of good histrionic exhibitions.. Messrs, Baker & Eng- 79 lish have assumed its control with flattering appearan- ces of being a successful experiment. The house will hold about 2000 persons. Boston Museum on Tremont street is a regular Theat- rical establishment, in addition to its extensive Museum, and is in great favor with the people of Boston. Its ca- pacity will hold 1600 persons, if well stowed together. A building for Theatrical performances was erected on Beach Street, in 1848, under the title of the Beach Street Museum ] which has been opened and closed for want of patronage a number of times : this will prob- ably be altered, if not converted to some other pur- pose ; its name has been changed for that of the Olym- pic, and will hold about 1000 persons. Yet another building for Theatricals was opened on Sudbury Street, with the title of the Odeon, in 1849; its renown for talent or profit is dubious, or yet to be chron- icled. A building for Equestrian performances was erected in 1850, on Meiriraac Street, near the Maine Rail Road Station, which was opened for the public exhibition of Circus feats, Horsemanship and its concomitants, under the management of Mr. C. C. Pell and Mr. John Tyron. HALLS FOR CONCERTS. The Melodeon on the site of the Lion Theater, Wash- ington Street, is esteemed the best calculated for Con- certs in the city : it accommodates about 1500 sitters. The Masonic Temple lecture room on Common Street, will accommodEte about 7Q0 persons and is esteemed a good concert room. The TremoKt Temple, formerly Tremont Theater, on Tremont Street, owned and used by a Baptist society, where concerts are favorably given to an auditory of 2500 persons. ^ Here it was that Jenny Lind electrified the citizens with her sweetest notes for six evenings, the last being for the benefit of charitable inslitutions, when 7,200 dollars were disposed of, by that eminent Lady, for Jhat purpose. 80 MUSEUMS. In the year 1791, Mr. Daniel Bovveii commenced col- lecting articles for the formation of a pablio Museum, at a building on State Street, nearly opposite to Kiiby Street, fhe collection was soon removed to HoUis Street Schoolhouse chambers : large additions having been made to it by the year 1795, it was removed to an exten- sive hall, at the south corner of Bromheld and Common Streets : here it was extensively encouraged as a fash- ionable and instructive exhibition : on the 15th of Jan., 1803, the whole building with.its contents was destroyed by lire, illuminating the heavens so extensively, as to be seen distinctly at a distance of 70 miles. This mis- fortune was in some measure remedied by the generos- ity of munificent friends, which enabled Mr. Bowen to commence another collection, at the corner of Milk and Oliver Streets. In 1806, he formed a copartnership with Mr. Wm. M. S. Doyle, Portrait painter, when they erected a brick ed- ifice of five stories, on the lot adjoining north of the Chapel burying ground : here their articles became ex- tremely numerous and valuable, and w^as opened to the public on Thanksgiving evening, JNov. 27, of that year; but on the 16th of Jan. 1807, the whole was destroyed by fire ; the next day, the south wall giving way, fell over into the cemetery, killing or crushing many per- sons, who had assembled to view the ruins. The proprietors were again assisted by kind friends to retrieve their loss, and to rebuild the edifice with two stories, and here a collection of appropriate articles were displayed for public inspection, June 2, 1807. Mr. Bowen soon after that date, relinquished the concern to Mr. Doyle, who continued its management until it was transferred to Mr. E. A. Greenwood, Jan. 1, 1835, who then had established the New England Museum. In the year 1804, Feb. 28, a Museum was opened for public inspection by Mr, P. Woods, in the large build- 81 ing opposite the north side of Faneuil Hall, on Ann St. this location being unpopular to critical taste, it went olf under the hammer in 1822; the best part being purchas- ed as additions to the New England Museum. In 1812 a "New York Museum'' was opened in Boyl- ston market hall, which continued a few years and was sold to Mr. E. A. Greenwood : and having also purchas- ed Mr. Mix's New Haven Museum, in 1821, he became possessed of the most extensive and valuable collection, ever previously collected together in Boston. In 1832, Madame Duschane opened a Museum on Court Street, opposite the western end of Howard Street, the principal feature of which, was a large and accurate model of a West India Sugar plantation: this was con- tinued for one year, and soon after that, was sold at pub- lic auction. In 1839, the New England Museum collection on Court Street, was purchased by Mr. Moses Kimball, from the assignees of Mr. E. A. Greenwood, and many of its articles were removed to Lowell, for the formation of a Museum there. Mr. J. Harrington, Ventriloquist, established a Muse- um in the rooms previously occupied as the New Eng- land Museum, on Court Street, with the principal part of a Philadelphia Museum, in the year 1840. This was very neatly arranged, but failing to meet with a suitable support, was sold by an auctioneer's hammer, at a great sacrifice, in 1842. Early in 1841, Mr. Moses Kimball opened the Boston Museum, in connection with scenic and stage represen- tations, in the large building on the north corner of Com- mon and Bromfield Streets, now the Montgomery House, with a pledge from its enterprising proprietor, that de- cency and propriety should prevail within, and around its borders, which sounded as a talisman for a generous support from the best disposed and most respectable part of the community. This experiment proved decid- edly productive, inasmuch that Mr. Kimball expended 82 nearly 200,000 dollars in erecting a beautiful building on Tremont Street, to which his extensive collection of cu- riosities was removed in the fall of 1846, and where a more commodious stage, with a well chosen stock com- pany of performers, to personate the excentricities of life and character, shoot folly as it flies, and give the past and present picture of its age, without any clap-traps to feed the appetite of licentiousness, has obtained for it a good name and elevation in public opinion, which will continue to be the pride of the proprietor as well as for his interest to perpetuate. OLD MUSEUM, CORNER OF BROMFIELD STREET. Early in 1846, Mr. Peters from New York, opened a Chinese Museum at the jMarlboro, Chapel, on Washing- ton Street. This collection was large, rich and well dib- 83 played, yet it soon ceased to be attractive and profitable, and the next year was removed to Philadelphia. Pemberton Hall is part of the old New England Muse- um premises, on Court Street, No. 75 : it has been used for theatrical exhibitions and will hold about 500 per- sons ; it has a small stage, parquette and gallery. BATTLE BETWEEN A SMALL SWORD AND A BROOM. 'c^ A Fencing master arrived in Boston about the year 1770, and loudly vaunting on his unequalled skill with swords, concluded to dazzle the eyes of the yankeys, with his stage style of strutting, and for this purpose, erected an elevated platform at the head of State Street, front of the Town house, where he paraded, sword in hand, for three days, publicly challenging all creation for atrial of his skill. At this time, three of the English judges, who signed the death warrant lor beheading Charles the first, in England, had escaped to. Boston, and were concealed and protected by the peeple of this state, and that of Con- necticut ; — Gen. Wm. GofTe, Edward Whalley and Col, John Dixwell, for whom dead or alive. Parliament off- ered £100 each. Our Fencing master made so great a stir among this people, it soon reached the ears of Golfe, who was con- cealed in or about the woods of Hadley, when he came to Boston, and faced the braggart with a birch broom for a weapon, and a white oak cheese, around which he had a napkin cloth, through which he thrust his arm for a shield ; after he had well soaked his broom in a mnd puddle, he mounted the public platform for battle. The gladiator ordered him oil from the stage in a contempt- uous manner, but Golfe moved not: — the choler of the champion became wrathful; he made a pass at Goffe with the sword, which was neatly parried, and then commenced the battle ; after a few well parried ihrusis, the cheese received a home lunge, when Goffe with the broom, painted the gentleman's mouth with a dirty pair 84 of whiskers ; during the enactment of this tragicomical battle, the people had assembled from all quarters, and rent the air with shouts and huzzas, for the greatest of all Fencing masters, had found even more than his match. When that part of his face was well smeared, the sword was withdrawn ; but unluckily for the great fencer, after a few more fierce directed thrusts, his sword again got stuck into the immortal cheese, amid the deafening shouts of the multitude : GotTe raised the birch broom to his eyes and gave them a quixotic daub : as soon as the sword could be withdrawn, and a few more thrusts were made, the cheese again sheathed its point, and then his whole face was besmeared with the dirty puddled water from the broom ; and the huzzas and shouts for the old cheese, were irresistable side-pain ers. The swordsman on the third time unsheathing his deathly instrument, laid by the tiny blade, and grasping a broad sword, was attacking GofFe with furious temperament, when he cried out, "Stop sir ! hitherto you see, I have only played with you, and have not attempted to hurt you ; but if you come at me with the broad sword, know that I certainly will take your life." The firmness with which this was spoken, disarmed the gladiator of his courage, who, horror struck, exclaimed, "Who can you bel you are either Goffe, Whalley or the devil, for there was no oth- er man in England could beat me." GofFe immediately left the field of combat, amidst shouts of applause from the spectators ; and the great swordsman, bidding adieu to all his greatness and occupation in these parts, slank into obscurity, w4th the chagrin of a defeated braggart charlatan. WITCHCRAFT IN BOSTON. " An instance of the delegated power of the prince of darkness as many then believed, occurred in the worthy family of John Goodwin, a sedate man and good liver at the north end : he had four good children, of ingen- ous minds, religiously educatedj and esteemed as with- 85 out guile : the eldest daughter about 13 or 14 years of age, charged a washerwoman with taking away some of the family linen : the mother of the laundress was of the wild Irish character, an^ a bad woman : she used abusive language to Miss Goodwin on account of the charge, and soon Miss G. went into fits ; which the peo- ble said were of a diabolic character : the other sister and her two brothers were soon taken the same way, all tormented in the same part of their body, although in different rooms and ignorant of each others complaint : their alliictions were only in the day time : their nights were spent in sweet peace : they would faint at sight of the assemblies catechism, Cotton's milk for babies, and some other godly books, but could read in Oxford's jests, Popish and Quakers books and in the common prayers without any difficulty : sometimes they would be deaf, then dumb, then blind, and then again all these together would come upon them : their tongues would be drawn down their throat, and then pulled out to their chin : their jaws, neck, shoulders, elbows and other joints would appear to be dislocated and they made pitious noises as of being burned, beaten, cut with knives, and marks of wounds were seen, or at least, 'twas said they were seen," ''The ministers of Boston and Charlestown, kept a day of Fasting and prayer in the troubled house, after which the youngest child made no more complaints, the others continued in their afflictions ; then the magistrates inter- posed, and the old woman was apprehended and brought before them on the charge of witchery, but she would neither deny nor confess, and appeared crazy : Physi- cians examined her and pronounced her compos mentis, and she was executed : declaring at the scaffold, that the children should not be released." "The eldest daughter was taken into a minister's family and for a while was orderly, but again went into fits : in time, the wdiole recovered a serene and pleasant be- haviour, grew up professors of religion, and no discovery 86 ol fraud in the transaction could be made : an account ofit was published with a preface by Mr. Baxter, who said, ''the evidence is so convincing, that he must be a very- obdurate sadducee, who will not believe ;*' Mr. Hutchin- son says, " it obtained credit sufficient, together with other perparatives to dispose the whole country to be easily imposed upon by the more extensive and more tragical scene, which was presently after acted at Salem and other parts of the county of Essex." The Rochester Knockings are but of this character. HISTORICAL ANECDOTE. President John Adams was Minister to England in 1785, and often met with Sir Benjamin West, the Amer- ican painter : one day Mr, W. asked Mr. A. if he should like to see the cause of the Revolutionary War which gave freedom and independence to America : and if so, a short walk would exhibit it to him ; this being an inter- esting subject, they walked to Hyde Park, near the ser- pentine river ; when Mr. W. observed, that King George the HI, came to the throne while a young man, surround- ed with flattering courtiers, who declaimed against the mean appearance of his palace, as wholly unworthy of the monarch of England ; adding that there was not a sovereign of Europe, who was lodged so poorly; that his sorry old brick palace of St. James more resembled a stable, and that he ought to build a princely edifice, suit- ed to his station J and an honor to the kingdom : the King was fond of show and of architecture, and readily lis- tened to their sujrgesUons, which were in fact all true. This spot, said Mr. W. you now see, was selected for the site of the new palace : the King applied to the min- ister, (Lord North,) on the subject, and he enquired what sum would be required for the purpose : the King answered that he could begin with one million : Lord N. said the expers3S of the French war had produced pov- erty in the treasury, but that his Majesty's wishes should be taken into full consideration. Some fime afterwards, the King was informed tliat the calls on the treasury 87 were too urgent to supply him from their present means, but that a revenue might be raised in America, to sup- ply all his wishes; this suggestion was followed by action, and the scheme for tgftcing the colonies, was car- .ried into effect, for the purpose of building a palace for his Majesty; but as the Americans did not agree to build it, the old brick building yet stands, with all its accredited qualities. NEWSPAPERS. 1704. The first newspaper published in the colonies commenced in Boston ; it was printed on a half sheet of Pot paper, with small pica type, folio, and was en- titled "The Boston News Letter. Published by authority. From Monday April 17, to Monday April 24, 1704.'' John Campbell a Scotchman and Bookseller, was pro- prielor:" Boston, printed by Ix Green, Sold by Nicholas Boone at his shop near the old meeting house :" at this time, there were licensers of the press, and what was printed, was under their approval : the first number had the following prospectus : " This News Letter is to be continued weekly, and all persons having any Houses, Lands, Tenements, Farms, Ships. Vessels, Goods, Wares, or Merchandize, &c. to be sold or lett, or Servants Run- away, or Goods StoU or Lost, may have the same inserted at a Reasonable Rate ; from Twelve Pence to Five Shillings and not to exceed: who may agree with Nicholas Boone for the same at his shop next door to Major Davis' Apothecary in Boston, near the Old Meet- ing House." '•All persons in Town and Country may have the said News-Letter Weekly upon reasonable tearms, agreeing with John Campbell, Postmaster for the same." 1719, Dec. 21. The second newspaper issued in New England was the boston gazette, published for Wm. Brooker who succeeded Campbell as Post Master; printed on half a sheet of printing paper, foolscap size, with a small pica type, folio, by J. Franklin, and was continned on a half a sheet for several years, excepting at limes it would be issued with some blank page or pages, owing to a scrutinizing power of "■ the licencers" of the press; as nothing coifld be issued but "by au- thority," in that age of surveillance to the ruling powers of the crown. 1721, Aug. 21. A third newspaper entitled the new ENGLAND couRRANT, appeared at this date, printed and published by James Franklin, on half sheet, crown-size printing paper, with a small pica type : Imprint; "Boston printed by James Franklin, in Queen St. where adver- tisements are taken in : " supposed to have been at the cor. of Franklin Av., Court St. ; the Courrant was mostly occupied with original essays, in which men in office and the clerical opinions of the day were attacked : they were written by a society of gentlemen, by some of the community called " a set of free-thinkers, " and by others " the Hell-lire club :" it had warm advocates and zealous opposers, and at last drew the attention of the government, and J. Franklin was imprisoned for a month, and forbidden to print it afterwards ; his brother Benjamin, who was author of many of those essays, issued it in his own name ; it continued to be published nearly six years, but Benj. Franklin left the establish- ment in 1723. The fourth newspaper called the New England Journal came out March 20ih, 1727; on a half sheet of Fools- cap, folio; Imprint, " Boston, Printed by S. Kneeeland, at the printing house, Queen street, where advertisments are taken in;" the character of this paper was short literary essays on miscellaneous subjects by a private society. periodicals now published in boston. Daily issues. Advertiser, Nathan Hale, 6 Congress St. $8. Courier, E. B. Foster & Co., 10 Congress st. $8. Herald, John A. French, Williams court, $3. Journal, Sleeper & Rogers, 12 State st. $(). Post, Beals & Greene, 8y 21 Water St. S8. Transcript, Diitton & Wentworth, 37 Congress st. $4. Chronotype, Eleazur Wright, State st. Bee, Bradbury, Harmon &. Co. 7 Stale st. $3. Atlas, Scliouler & Brewer, 5 Old 'State House^ $8. Times, Roberts & Garfield, 3 Stale st. $3. Mail, John N. Brad- ley, 14 Slate St. $3. Traveler, Henry Flanders & Co., 8 Old Slate House. S5. Semi- WEEKLY issues. Traveler, Henry Flanders & Co. 3 Old Slate House, $3. Shipping List, Learned, Thomp; son & Co. 86 Slate st. SC). Courier, E. B. Foster k Co.* 10 Congress st. $4. Atlas, Schouler & Brewer, 5 Old. State House, $4. Advertiser, Nathan Hale, 6 Congress St. $4. Journal, Sleeper & Rogers, 12 Stale street, $4. Press & Post, Beals & Greene, 21 VVater st. S4. Weekly issues. Advent Herald, Rev. J.V. Himes, Ed. 8 Chardon st. $2. Odd Fellow, Cochran, Cole & Co., 68 Cornhill. :52. Zions Herald and Wesleyan Journal, Rev. Abel Stevens Ed. $2. Youths Companion, Nath. Willis 22 School St. SI. Weekly Messenger, Nathan Hale, 6 Congress st. $2. Yankey Blade, JMatihews, Stevens & Co., 12 School St. S2. Olive Branch, Rev. Thos. F. Nor- ris, Ed. 5 Washington st. $2. Uncle Sam, George H, Williams, 52 Washington si. S2. Waverly Magazine, Moses A. Dow, 27 Devonshire st. Well Spring, Rev. Asa BuUard, 11 Cornhill, Real Estate Advertiser, Clark & Brown, 5 Congress square. Puiitan Recorder, Wood- bridge, Moore & Co., 22 School st. $2. Pilot, Patrick Donahoe, 1 Spring lane, $2.50. Statesman, Beals & Greene, 21 Water st. $2. Star Spangled Banner, J. Jones, 82 Washington st. $2. South Boston Gazette, A. J. Wright. 3 Water st. Si. Sunday School iVdvocate, Charles A. Peirce, 5 Cornhill, 50 cents. American Cab- inet & AthensBum, H. Mason, 128 Washington st. S2. Herald, John A. French, Williams court, Si. 50. Horti- culturalist J. Breck & Co. .51 N. Market st. S3. Chris- tian Watchman & Reflector, Rev. J; W. Olmstead and William Hague, Washington, corner of Water st. S2. Christian Reoister, David Reed, 22 School st. $2 50 90 New Englander, Wm. A. White and Charles W. Slack, 30 School St. Museum, C. A. V. Putnam & Co., 12 School St. $2. Massachusetts Ploughman, W. & W. J. Buckminster, Quiiicy Hall, '$2. Liberator, Wm. Lloyd Garrison, 21 Cornhill, ^2. American Union, R. B. Fitts & Co. 22 School St. S2. American Sentinel, B. Perley Poore, 142 Washington st. Jf?2. Atlas, Schouler& Brew- er, 5 Old State House, >>2. Bee. Bradbury, Harmon & Co. 7 State st. $1.50. Christian times. Rev. D. Clarke, and J. 0. Choules, 22 School st. $2. Boston Merkur, M. Hotfraan, 12 Water st. *3. B. Hall, 66 Cornhill, $1. field, 3 State st. Si. Courier, E. B. Foster & Co., 10 Congress st. $2. Christian Freeman & Family Visiter, Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, 40 Cornhill, $2. Christian Observ- atory, Rev. A. W. Mc Clure, 22 School st. Medical & Surgical Journal, J. V. C. Smith, 184 Washington st. $3 Missionary Advocate^ C. H. Peirce, 5 Cornhill. Week- ly Mail J. N. Bradley, 14 and 16 Stale st. $1. Congre- gationalist, 122 Washington st. $2. Evening Gazette, W. W. Ciapp, Jr. 144 Washington st. Flag of our Un- ion, 24 and 26 Tremont st. Museum Building, S2. In- vestigator, Horace Seaver, Ed. J. P. Mendum, 36 Wash- ington St. $2, Journal of Music, H. W. Day. 8 Court sq. $1.50. LittelPs Living- Ace, Bromfield st. corner of Tremont, $6. Sunday Nevvs^, J. A. Adams & Co., 19 State St. Cultivator, Otis Brewer, 22 N. Market st. $2. Christian Witness and Church Advocate, J. B. Dow, 138 1-2 Washington st. $2. Emancipator and Republi- can, H. Wilson, 5 Water st. $2. Index, George Adams, 91 Washington st. Weekly Journal, Sleeper & Rogers, 12 State st" $2. Life in Boston, Williams court, $2. Weekly Traveler, Henry Flanders & Co. $2. Trumpet and Universalist Magazine, Rev. T. Whittemore, 37 Cornhill. $2, American Railway Times, Robinson & Co., 27 Devonshire st. $3. Domestic Advertiser, Blodg- et & Co. Chapel place. Express List, Snow & Wilder, 91 5 Washington st. New England Farmer and Boston Rambler, Reynolds & Nourse, Quincy Hall, $2. Gazette Francaice, Alfred Gaudelet, Ed. 12 School street. Semi-monthly. Gospel Teacher, T. H. Miller, 32 Congress St. Si. New England Rail Road Guide, Steam- boat and Express Journal, G. R. Holbrook, 37 Court sq. Sunday School Journal, Henry Hoyt, 9 Cornhill, 25 cents, per year. Youth's Penny Gazette. Henry Hoyt, 9 Corn- hill, 12 1-2 cents per year. Monthly issues. Ladies Album, A. H. Davis and J. M. Prentiss, 3 Coinhill, Si. Boys and Girls Magazine, Bradbury & Guild, 120 Washington st. $1. Law Re- porter, Litde & Brown, 112 Washington st. S3. Bank- ers Magazine and Statistical Register, J. T. Homans, 111 Washington st, S5. Child's Companion and Youth's Friend. Henry Hoyt, 9 Cornhill, 25 cents per year. Fath- er and Mother's Manual, H. G. Park, 138 1-2 Washing- ton St. Si. Freemason's Magazine, C. W. Moore, 21 School St. S2. Guide to Holiness, D. S. King, 3 Corn- hill, Si. Ladies Repository, A. Tompkins, 38 Cornhill, S2.' Magazine of Horticulture, C. M. Hovey, 7 Mer- chants row, S2. Mothers Assistant, Wm. C. Brown, 21 Cornhill, Si. Religious Magazine, F. D. Huntington, 111 Washington st. Missionary Magazine, Rev. S. Peck, 33 Somerset St. SI. Macedonian, W. S. Damrell, 16 Devonshire st. New Church Repository, Otis Clapp, 23 School St. S3. New Jerusalem Magazine, Otis Clapp, 23 School St. S2. Path Finder Railway Guide, Snow & Wilder, 5 Washington st. Universalist Miscellany, Rev. T. H. Miller, 32 Congress st. Prisoner's Friend, Rev. C. Spear, 25 Cornhill, S2. People's Magazine, Bradbu- ry & Guild, 120 Washington st. Si. Bi-MoNTHLY ISSUES. Christian Examiner, Crosby & Nichols, 111 Washington st. S4. Common School Jour- nal, W, B, Fowle, 138>^ Washington st. Si. Fruits of America, C> M. Hovey, 7 Merchants row, S6. Quarterly issues. North American Review, Little 6 Brown, 1 12 Washington st. S5. Brownson's Review, B. H. Greene, 124 Washington st. S3. Homoeopathic 92 Journal, Otis Clapp, 23 School st. $3. New England Historical and Geneological Register, S. G. Drake, 56 Cornliill, $2. Universalist, A. Tompkins, 38 Cornhill, $2. Yearly issues. Boston Directory, George Adams, 91 Washington st. every July. Boston Almanac, Mrs. S. N. Dickinson, every January. American Almanac, Lit- tle &L Brown, 112 VVashiiigton st. CITY GOVERNMENT. Six ineffectual attempts had been made at various times by a portion of the citizens for a charter govern- ment, with City powers for the town of Boston ; the first attempt was in 1651 ; the second in 1708, and the third in 1784 ; at this last period the subject was debated and masterly handled by various speakers, and the meeting concluded with raising a committee of thirteen, to report a better plan of government than that of town powers, if needful ; and also a better regulation for the police : — On the 4th of June the committee made their report with two forms, one vesting the power in a Mayor, Recorder, 12 Alderman and 24 councilmen ; the other to delegate nearly the same powers to 12 selectmen, one from each ward ; joined with a president and six: selectmen chosen at large : the discussion of these propositions was elabor- ate and lengthy, and the meeting closed with a vote to print the documents and adjourn the decision thereon to the 17th of June : on that day the meeting began in disorder and ended in tumult : the general cry was vo- ciferous ; ^'iio corporation^ — ^^ no Mayor and Aldermen^ — no innovations^ " this constituted the chief sounds from unceasing roaring: as soon as the moderator (Hon. Thos. Dawes) could put a motion for acceptance or non- acceptance of the plans to the people, it was largely voted down in the negative. In 1785, the subject was again revived, and with less ceremony from the people, it received a quietus for that time: In 1792, another attempt vyas made under diif- 93 erent auspices, and propositions made ; the prmcipal ef- fect of which would have been, to lessen the nuniber of meetings^ and this time the vote was; nay 701, yea 517: eminent persons of both political parties, which at that time assumed a distinctive character, were on each side, of the discussion : Hon. Benj. Austin on the major party, and Gov. Sullivan on the minor. In 1804, on the 12th of Jan., two persons were chosen in each ward to form a committee to devise some improv- ed plan of government to take with the Boston people, and they reported to the town, their best suggestions on the 9th of April; but which were rejected : these repeated trials for a city charter, ever ending in a strong, loud voice of rejection, it was thought would put "that spirit" to sleep for many years ; and 17 summers did pass by, be- fore the subject was again brought forth for consideration: the mass of the people now called for more energy and decision in the management of the town affairs, and Boston surrendered its ancient charter and with it, its primitive administration of the laws and of civil polity, and decked itself in the mystical emblazonment of a city robe ai>d vestment. On the 7th Jan., at a regular meeting of the citizens, a city charter was voted for, by a majority of 600, and on a final decision of the whole subject, on the 4lh of March, the major vote for acceptance swelled to 916; which was established and made known by a proclamation from the governor, on the 7th of that month. According to the letter of the charter, the selectmen divided the town into twelve wards, with as near an equal number of inhabi- tants to each, as could be conveniently apportioned, and the various parties proceeded to organize and officer the wards : there was no very great difficuhy in finding can- didates for all the offices, if there were duplicates; for each of the political parties were to share, and balance the scale ; but that of Mayor, was alone, solus ; and could not be divided : Messrs. H. G. Otis, Josiah Quincy and Thomas L. VVinthrop were candidates for the Mayoralty, 94 and it resulted in not electing either: on the 16th of April, the Hon. John Phillips was chosen Mayor by near- ly a unanimous vote. The 1st of May was named in the charter as the polili- cal biith-day of the city government, and preparations were made in Faneuil Hall for inducting the Mayor and other officers in their new stations : two of the galleries were filled with ladies, and the hall in all its parts cram- med to excess : the Rev. Dr. Baldwin addressed the throne of grace with prayer : Chief Justice Parker ad- ministered the oaths of allegiance and of office to the mayor elect, who qualitied the Aldermen and members of the Common Council : — the chairman (Mr. E. Wil- liams) of the selectmen, then addressed the new othcers and delivered to the Mayor the city charter, enclosed in a superb silver vase, and the ancient act for incorporating Boston as a town, nearly two centuries previous, wiih the books of its records : — the Mayor replied with judicious remarks on the past government, it having safely and prosperously protected the citizens under its panoply : and on the subject of a change in the form of it, he ob- served, that if lire charter as then granted by the legisla- ture, was not perfect in all its developements, or the best rules to meet the hearty co-operation and approbation of the citizens, that on a little experience of its details and provisions, whatever may be found wanting would be speedily supplied from the great fountain of the delega- ted wisdom of the people : after the address, the boards withdrew and in convention, elected Samuel F. McCIea- ry, city clerk. In 1823, the Hon. Josiah Quincy, Sen., was elected IVlayor of the city, wiffi a plurality over Hon. Geo. Blake of 325 votes, and in 1K24 he was re-elected by almost a unanimous vote of the citizens ; and this became a pretty busy year for that gentleman's talents, ingenuity, foresight and perseverance : the bold and public vices of a certain large section of the city, he placed under the bans of law and order : many of the crooked ways and roads of the 95 city he made straight : and all of them were cleared of rubbish, inconvenient nuisances and dirt ; and the great achievement for building a city Market House was ar- ranged : the corner stone laid on the 27th of April, 1825, and completed in 1827, of two stories ; 535 feel 9 inches front length : the ground floor under the title of City Mar- ket and the story above as Quincy Hall. Mr. Quincy continued to be elected Mayor of the city for six successive years, and in that time placed his fin- ger for reform on many subjects which will long continue to have an important bearing on the general features of the city : he had not long enjoyed the repose and quiet of a private citizen, when he was called to preside over the alma mater of Harvard University at Cambridge, which he governed with parental affection and dignity till 1844, and then resigned the charge to Hon. Edward Everett, the affectionate and favored son of the institu- tion and of intellectual Belles Lettres : MAYORS CHOSEN. John Phillips, 1S22, one year. Josiah Quincy. 1823, six consecutive years. Harrison G. Otis, 1829, three do. Cliarles Wells, 1832, two do. Theodore Lyman, 1834, two do. Samuel T. Armsiron,*;, 1836, one j'ear. Samuel A. Elliot, 1837, three successive years. Jonathan Chapman, 1840, three do. Martin Brimmer, 1843, two do. Thomas A. Davis, 184i5 died Nov. 25lh same year. Josiah Quincy, Jr., 1S45, three years. John P Big^elow, 1849, present Mayor. During the elder Quincy's fiist mayorality year, the organization of the city government was changed from May, to the first Monday of January, in each year. To the honor of S. F. Mc Cleary, for gentlemanly bearing, and attention to the arduous duties of city clerk, he has enjoyed the approbafion of his citizens for twenty nine successive years, with an almost unanimous vote at every yearly balloting for that office. 96 PUBLIC EXHIBITION OF FO^'LS. On Tuesday, Nov. 12, 1850, commenced a second pub- lic show of the generic of Fowls, with most of the tribe of oviperous animals, which attracted very general at- tention : the extensive collection, with its beautiful plum- age and useful variety, created wonder and admiration : the Pheasants appeared as gaily decorated, as the most fashionable ladies, decked in their prettiest habiliments for a promenade. But little attention has been heretofore devoted to an improvement of this useful and profitable property, for a well conducted farming establishment : it is a fact, that an hundred well-selected fowls, divided into four or five lots on a farm, will net a profit sufficient for the support of an economic farming family, if located near a good market lor fowls and eggs : where Geese, Tur- keys, &c., can be raised with little trouble, an especial attention to the selection of a good" quality of the breed, will well reward the enquirer after profit, comfort or honor. The two yearly exhibitions of this cackling and crow- ing part of creations work, have afforded a fund of pleas- ure, combined with useful information, which must incite a repetition for an annual show; particularly, as the country farms and rural scenes, are removing further off from the city every year ; the crowing of Chanticleer has music in it,' to the ear of the cifizens, most forgotten or unknown — The show was continued for three successive days ] on the last of which, an auction sale was made of those intended to be sold, which brought prices satisfac- tory to all parties. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The benefits derived from the individual and com- bined efforts of the members of this association, have been felt and appreciated by every class of citizens : they have made the desert to bloom and blossom as the rose, 97 and to bring forth fruit and flowers, with the beauty and richness of the primeval paradise, and in part to restore mankind to the gorgeousness and loveliness of Eden, if not to remove in some measure, the punishment for par- taking of the fruits of the vineyard. The science of grafting trees bearing indifferent fruits, with slips and scions from more valued qualities, is an important part of the duties of the horticulturalist : for a knarled, sour or unpleasant fruit by this simple operation, is at once transformed to bear an entirely different qual- ity, partaking of the beauty and flavor of that, from which the grafting slip is taken. A certain horticulturalist engrafted all the upper limbs of his very ordinary fruit trees, with slips from the best kinds of Apple, Pear, Peach, and Plum, delicious to the taste ; and often in the shades of darkness, his trees were visited by strolling passengers, for an exqui- fiite taste of his favorably known orchardizing ; but they all proved but sour grapes, for the lower limbs were left ungrafted, to preserve the better fruits above. It is certainly gratifying to witness the lively interest taken on this subject, to plant or engraft with the best ■stocks ; for they require no more attention than those of an indifferent product, and the net gain pays by far the best interest of any article of an equal cost, on the whole farm ; and it must be considered as a remarkable cir- cumstance, not very creditable to yankee wisdom and thrift, that in Boston we pay as much for a good apple or pear, the year round on an average, as we do for a good orange, brought above a thousand miles to our market, at- tended with considerable expense. The Horticultural Society building is on the south side iDf School street, where are exhibited, the most perfect samples of fruits and flowers, in their appropriate sea- sons, and where the patriots of the day with the fashion and beauty of the land, mingle with delight over their exuberant, beautiful, toothsome productions. Officers of the Horticultural Society. Samuel Walker, President. Benjamin V. French, Cheever New- hall, Edward M. Richards, Joseph S. Cabot, Vice Presidents. Wil- liam R. Austin, Treasurer. Eben. AVight, Corresponding Secretary. Daniel Leach, Recordins: Secretary. John Lewis Russell, Professor of Botany Sf Vegetable Physiology. T. W. Harris, M. D., Professor of Entomology. E. N. Horstord, Professor of Hortirultnral Chemistry. Joseph S. Cabot, C/iair)uan, Eben. Wight, Josiah Lovett, Joseph Breck, C. M. Hovey, J S Sleeper, W C. Strong, Committee on Fruits. David Ilaggerston, Chairman, Alex. McLellan, E. A. Story, F. Lyman Winship, H. W. Dutton, Parker Barnes, Azell Bowditch, Committee on flowers. Aaron D. Weld, C/faiVman, Augustus Parker^ Jaines Nugent, S. W. Cole, A. B. Moore, A. D. AVilliams, D. T. Curtis, Committee on Vegetables. C. M. Hovey, Chairman, H. W. Dutton, R. M. Copeland, Joseph Breck, Geo. Wilson, Co?nmttiee on Library. M. P. WiMer Chairman, P. B. Hovey, Robert Man- ning, Josiah Lovett, Joseph S. Cabot, Conimittee on Synonyms of Piuit. The President, Chairman, Treasurer, Marshall P Wilder. E. M. Richardson, Otis Jolnison, Executive Committee. Joseph S. Ca- bot, Chairman, David Haggerston, Aaron D. Weld, Josiah Lovett, P. B. Hovey, Committee for establishing Pre7niums. Marshall P. Wilder, Chairman, Josiah Stickney, Otis Johnson, Finance Com^nit- tee. Eben. Wight, Chairman, Josiah liOvett, Joseph Breck, Re- cording Secretary. Jos. S. Cabot, David Haggerston, Aaron D. Weld, Co7nmittee of Publicaiiun. Jos S. Cabot, Chairman, Joseph Breck, AV. R. Austin, A. D. Weld, Josiah Lovett, Committee on Gardens. FEMALE MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY. The object of this association is to qualify women for the practice of Midwifery, and so far as the public wants- may require, for the practice of medicine ; and educating^ them to become good nurses. The Society was organized Nov. 23, 1848, and incor" porated in 1850 for this purpose, with Enoch E. Rolfe^ M. D. as President and Lecturer; — Samuel Gregory, A, M., Secretary, and Mr. Bela Marsh, Treasurer ;- since' which period of time, about 1500 persons have joined the association, comprising eminent ph3^sicians, legal and other professional gentlemen, clergymen of diff' erent denominations, editors, legislators, with many la- dies and gentlemen in the quiet and retired walks of life. Many talented public men highly appreciate this plan of educating females for attendance upon their own sex, as being more natural, efficacious^ and in many cases- 99 important, for imparting health and strength, particularly in nervous or weakly disposed patients. Dr. Winslow Lewis, previous to his leaving this city, for a sojourn in Europe, ottered his house, with its fur- niture, and his valuable medical library, for their occu- pancy and use ; and there the association with animated hopes of doing great good, have recommenced their la- bors. The Female Medical Society's building, is on the north junction of Carver and Pleasant Streets, opposite the soulh-west opening to Boston Common ; where ap- plications may be made for a,, course of medical educa- tion, lor female Physicians or for Nurses. Tlie present Officers of the Society are — Timothy Gilbert, President ; Timothy Gilbert, Willtird Sears, Samuel E. Sewall, Dexter S. King, Simon G. Shipley, Directors; Samuel Gregory, Secretary; John P. .Tewfilt, Treasurer. Office ot" Secretary and Treasurer at No. 17 Coruhill, (bookstore of John P. Jewelt & Co.) MASSACHUSETTS SABBATH SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. From the 18th Annual report, made up to IMay 30, 1850, of this pre-eminently useful institution, we learn that they have officially assisted 264 Sunday schools the past year: of that number, 226 have school libraries, ranging from 100 to 1100 volumes, suitable for the mor- al and religious instruction of young minds : — that 36, 3-19 children is the aggregate of the scholars, and that the outlay attending their publications has been rising !$16,000 during the year, and sales made to an equal amount. The works published by this society, have an instructive, moral and reliiiious tendency ; they are well printed, on good paper, and issued as a gift, or vended, at the lowest prices from their Depository, No. 13 Corn- hill street, Boston. Officers of the Sabbath School Association, 1850. Hon. Samuel H. Walley, Jr.. President, Boston. A'ICE PRESIDENT.S. Rev. Samuel Osgood, D.D. Springfield; Hon. Lewis Strong, North- ainpton; Rev. Joiui JN'tljou, D. D., Leicester; Hoa. Charles Kimball, 100 Ipswich; Rev. Amos Blanchard, Lowell; Hon. J. Z. Goodrich, Stoch- bridge ; Rev. Silas Aiken, Rutland, Vt.; Hon. AVm. T. Eustis, Boston. Rev. Asa Bullard, Cor. SEc'-i. Boston ; C.C. Dean, Treasurer, do. MANAGERS. Rev. Wm. M. Rogers. Boston : Samuel H. Walley, Esq., do.; Charles Scudder, Esq., do.; Moses L. Hale, Esq., c/o ; Rev. George W. Blag- den, D. D., do.; Philip Greely, Jr., Esq., do.; Charles T. Russell, Esq. do; Rev. J. B. Waterbury, c/o.; Rev. J. A. Albro, D. D. Cambridge; Rev. Wm. A. Stearns, Cainbridgeport ; Rev. W. I. Budington, Ckarles- tovm; Rev. Benjamin Tappan, Jr., do.; Rev. A. R. Baker, Med/ord. COMMITTEE ON AGENCIES. Rev. Geo. W. Blagden, D. D., C. Scudder, Esq., C. T.Russell, Esq. ♦ COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATIONS. Rev. Wm. M. Rogers, Rev. J. A. Albro, D.D., Rev. A. R. Baker, Rev. W. I Budington, Rev. Wm. A. Stearns, Rev. J. B. Water bury, D. D., Rev. Benjamin T. Tappan^ Jr. COMMITTEE ON DEPOSITORY. S. H. AValley, Esq., M. L. Hale, Esq., P. Greely, Jun., Esq. COMMITTEE FOR DISTRIBUTING CHARITIES. S. H. Walley, Esq., Rev. J. A. Albro, D. D , Rev. W. I. Budington, C. T. Russell, E.sq., Rev. A. Bullard. MASSACHUSETTS COLONIZATION SOCIETY. Organized May 2!), 1841. This society issued their ninth annual report to May 29th, 1850 : During the year they obtained a Legislative charter for organizing a board of Trustees for the pro- motion of Collegiate education in Liberia, co-operative with the parent colonization society. I'he existence of an University, complete in all its parts, and in successful operation, implies the existance of Academies, Schools, Churches, a M^ell ordered government, with all that may be essential to a christianized community : from small beginnings and with perhaps a proportionally slow pro- gress, this result will be reached. The amounts received by the Mass. Colonization So- ciety, ending April 30, 1849, w^ere S4.801.59, and for the year ending April 30, 1850. the amounts were $6,205.59 : the parent society received during the year 1849, $32, 620.30 : — the number of emigrants they sent to the Libe- rian settlement was 422 : of those, 124 were free born : — 249 were slaves, manumitted by the society, and 49 101 whose condition was not stated: — since Jan. 1850,381 had been sent previous to Apiil 30, 63 of whom were free born, and 318 whose bonds were purchased by ihe soci- ety. The Legislature of Virginia in 1849 made provision for the removal of free persons of color from their state, of :$30, 000 annually for five years; but allowing only' 15 dollars for each child, and 25 dollars for each adult, to "be paid to the colonization 'society, when they shall have been embarked : an additional resolve was passed, levy- ing a tax on each free colored male from the age of 21 years to 55, of one dollar each, the proceeds of wdiich tax, to be added to the previous amount of S30,000 for that specified purpose : the sum granted for each emigrant is less than half of the expenses for transportation, and it in anticipation that the friends of that measure, will in- crease the bounty to emigrants, for their own benefit as well as for that of the colored race. The extinction of the slave trade on 400 miles of the Liberian sea coast, has been accomplished : the last hold of the slave traders, towards Tradestown having been subdued by a force composed of French, English and American vessels of war, with 500 militia under the command of General Lewis. — A. purchase has yet to be made of Gallinas, and the country adjoining on its north, as far as Sherbro river : the British Government are de- sirous that this purchase should be made, and the na- tives are willing to part with it for $20,000 : the neces- :sary funds are now offered, viz S5000 from a gentle- man in London : S5000, from a gentleman in Cincinnati, ■and S 10.000 has been bequeathed for this purpose by Mr. Hoffof Pensylvania; thus affording every reasonable 5,000, and 1841, $1,350, to their use, for this especial purpose, with which sums, they built thirteen boats, with a house for each, and five additional boats, they had built from their own funds, making 18 in all, which have been the means of saving many lives, from vessels wrecked upon our coast: each life boat, has an organized body of eight men ; and whenever they are the cause of saving any of their brethren of the human family, they are handsome- ly rewarded by the Humane Society, : one of the boats* at Hull, had saved thirty six periled lives previous to 1845. The eighteen life Boats are stationed as follows. One at Edgertown Marthas Vineyard. 2 at Nantasket. and one at each of the following places, viz. Chatham: — Nauset Beach : — Eastham : — Wellfleet : — Cohoon Hol- low : — Truro, near the Light-house : — Race Point : — Ply- mouth : — Scituate : — Cohasset : — Nantasket Beach : — Lynn : — Marblehead : — Gloucester : — Rockport : — An- nisquam : — and Plum Island ; this last under the care of the Marine Society at Newburyport. 109 Officers of the Humane Society. Rev. Francis P.irkman, D.D . Prfsiduit. Robert G. Shaw, Vice Presi- dfiit. John Iloriiaiis, iM.D., Ciiirtsponrlini: IStcrtt.ary. Samuel Hooper, Recording Secretary. Charles Avory, Ticnsiire)-. Tnistfes. — Abbot Lawrence, Robert B. Forbes, David Sears, Sam- uel Austin, J. C. Warren, M.D. HOWARD BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. Was organized June 1, 1812, aiid incorporated Feb- 16, 1§18. Their object of association, was to find out and administer to the wants of the sick and infirm ; more particularly, that class who are not entitled to any special commiseration from the churches through mem- bership ; in the winter season, a load of wood dropped at the door of an unfortunate family, or that of a poor woman, is an important blessing to the receiver, and cannot fail of raising their voices to grateful sentiments in return for such generous beneficiaries; it cheers the heart and prompts to virtue. Officers of the Howard Benevolent Society. Moses Grant, President. Thomas Tarbell, Treasurer. Artemas Si- mouds, Secretary. Standing- Committee— by the old line of wards. 1, Thomas Hollis, 30 Union st. 2. Benjamin F. Whittemore, Hanover, opposite Tileslon St., 3, Deacon Thomas Thwing, 4, Salem St. Court, and Rev. Lewis Caswell, oG Leverett St., 4, A. A. \Vellington, East Boston. \Yebster St., and S. G. SiiipliJy, Union, near Hanover st., 5, Paul Adams, 127 Cambridjfe st., G. Andrew Gushing, 38 Myrtle St., 7, Tomas Tarbell, n Avon place. S, .1. W. Warren, .fr , 10 Channing St., 9, Daniel T. Coit, 12 Hiv'li St., 10. Rev. C. F. Barnard, 5 Warren ,st., 11, Rev. S. B. Cruft. SulTolk and INewton st., 12, Alvan Simons, South Boston. SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF PAUPERISM, Organized, 1835. No.s. 2 &: 3 Tremont Temple, entrance south gate. Information is there given of all the Benevolent Soci- eties in the city. No pecuniary aid is there given; but all applicants for charity may be sent to that office, where they will have the proper sources of relief point- ed out to them. It is supported by Subscriptions, Donations and Fees, paid by families. Subscriptions and Donations are re- spectfully solicited. 10 110 There are two separate Employment oflices, one for IVlales, the other for Females ; — free to all persons of good character, in want of employment. Places obtain- ed for Girls and Boys to be brought up in families or to learn trades, either in the city or country. Jf'amilies or others in want of Servants, or any description of male or female help^ in any respectable occupation, are invited to call and make a selection, from a large number of American, Foreign Protestant, and Catholic help; and those discharging men or women from their service, who can be well recommended should refer them to this office. Annual subscribers are for the time being, members of the Society, and are entitled to the use of the employ- ment offices free of charge, if they wish it. All communications should be addressed, post paid, to F. R. Woodward, Secretary and General Agent. Extracls from the Circular of the Society. " Some idea of the extent of our business, may be gathered from the fact, that from 1840 to 1850, or in ten years, 24,574 girls and women have been supplied, with places ; and of these, there have been sent out of the city, 11,142. On an average, nearly 2.500 places have been furnished, and more than 1000 of our applicants have been sent into the country, each year. This is a very satisfactory result. Suppose for a moment that these large numbers had not been thus provided for, and you can readily imagine how much poverty and evil have been prevented." "It will be remembered that our Office has been prin- cipally devoted to the beneht of Females. Another as- sociation, the "Boston Employment Society," was insti- tuted Oct. 1, 1842, for men and boys. From its com- mencement, to Oct. 1849, or during seven years, the Managers report that they found places or work, for 7, 083 individuals, and permanent homes in the country for about 700 lads. This again, was a clear benefit. Ill Their pecuniary resources proved less prosperous than our own. That office has been closed since last October, and despairing of being able to open it, the government have lately transferred to us their subscription list, pa- pers, &c. in the hope that we may continue their good work." "We propose to do so, by taking another office in ad- dition to our own, distinct from it, though close by it. Our present experienced and efficient agent can take the general oversight ot both departments. An addition- al Clerk and office boy wull be needed. Our annual ex- penses are about $1300 now : six or eight hundred dol- lars more, would be an ample provision for all the changes and additions that are desirable." ''We are confident that our own resources, the office fees, and the patronage of the community, public or pri- vate, will justify the attempt. Each ofhce, under our sole charge, and in immediate proximity to the other, would undoubtedly do more than has hitherto been done by them singly. Where enquiry is made for one of either sex, to work in the country especially, it is likely the applicant will know of neighbors who may want- help of the other sex. We propose also to pay increas- ed attention, as we can by having more agents, to keep- ing the Offices well advertised. We might expect be- fore long, perhaps, to direct at least 5000 individuals to the means of self support, each year. Our own suc- cess, and that of the Employment Society, warrant the expectation of such an extension in our operations ; and it is certain that every approxmiation towards it, renders it more reasonable. It is not here as in alms-giving, too often, the more you do, the more you must do ; but rath- er as in all true benevolence, the more you can do. the more you will do." "Besides serving as a well-regulated Employment Of- fice, our Room has been made the place of general re- ference for cases appearing to require attention. Many, who would otherwise have become dependent upon pub- 112 lie or private charily, have been enabled to provide for themselves ; and some of the highest aims of the society have in this way been fully met. In all applications foi relief, it is of the highest possible advantage to be able to refer to new or otherwise unknown and unattainable means for selfsubsistancc. We possess records of such cas- es of great interest at the Ofhce. We keep the address, directions, &c. of every Charitable Association in the city, for the benefit of those who may require immediate relief. The Delegates from the Benevolent Societies also use our Oihce for their meetings once a month, during the winter part of the year, to report and confer upon the cases they have aided, and upon general or particu- lar philanthropic questions and movements. A great deal has been done in this way to check imposition and injudicious charity." '•Two very im[)ortant measures may be specified as the doings of this Ofhce: the first, is the establishment of the Home for Aged Females ; and the second, the ap- pointment of a Joint Committee from some of the princi- pal Societies to consider a more comprehensive and sys- tematic distribution of aid for the city. The former of these is completely under way : the other will undoubt- edly lead to something satisfactory. Should any better mode of alms-giving be adopted, our two Offices will be- come still more indispensable and valuable." ''We beg your consideration of these views, and should be happy to enroll you among our patrons and subscri- bers. Donations of S20 or more, constitute Life-member- ship, and the annual subscription is $2. Any contribu- tions will be gratefully received. And all subscribers and contributors are entitled to a free use of the Offices, and will be supplied with Reference Tickets. Other persons using the Oliice pay 25 cents, or more, for each supply. Every thing is free for those w^ho wish to be employed or helped." '' May we not depend upon an intelligent and liberal community to enable our Society to accomplish more?" 113 Government of the Society for the Prevention oi Pauperism. Moses Grant, Preddpnt. Thomas Tarbel I, Rev. Chas. F. Barnard Vice Presidents. ArleniasSimonds, Treasurer. F. R. Woodwardj t^i-cretary and Getifral Agent. Managers. — Rev. Wm. Howe, Thomas Thwing, Andre^v Cnshingr, Rev. Lewhs K. Caswell, Rev. Andrew Big-elow, Rev. S. B. Crufi, Rev. S. H. Winkley. Joseph K. Barry, Rev. Phineas Slowe, J. P, Robinson, Wni. Perkins, David Pike, R. B. Storer, Henry Plymlon, Waller Chan- WARREN STREET CHAPEL, BOSTON. . The thirteenth annual report of this invaluable insti- tution was made April 21st 1850 : — from which report we gather the pleasing and satisfactory information that the philanthropic and politic labors of its most excellent head', (Rev. Charles F. Barnard) with the aid of numer- ous Ladies and Gentlemen as associate instructors, are as earnestly devoted to the great and noble work of sowing the seeds of .knowledge and virtue in the plastic minds of young children as on the first primeval years of this good Samaritan Chapel. In the two sew^ing schools are 160 pupils guided by 22 teachers : — at iheir evening schools are 118 lads and young men, and 86 girls and women, total 304. In their infant daily schools are 75 pupils : the simple idea to be carried out in this department being to provide an asylum for young children of the laboring classes ; for those whose mothers would be obliged to lock up in the house, during her absense, to keep them from roaming the streets, exposed to accidents and the vulgarity and ills w^hich attend a life of vaurancy, while here they contract a habit for school going, with the rudiments of virtue, religion and morality. The !|;71, 353,600 ; total S 174, 180,200, add the tax levied w^as *6.50 on $^i000— and the nmber of Polls being 28^363, at Si. 50 each, was •'i^42,544.50. The Iron fence around Franklin and that around BlackstoKe Square, cost about ■"!? 10,225, and about >^5000 more has been expended for grading, planting trees, for fountain-s, &c. Fire Department. The annual payments made to the Chief Engineer, assistant Engineers, Oihcers. and mem- bers of the various Engine, Hook and Ladder and Hy- drant companies of the city, were upwards of S50.000. The department consists of one Chief Engineer, nine as- sistant Engineers, and twenty companies, including two Hook and Ladder and foisr Hydrant companies. Each Engine company has one Foreman, one assistant Fore- man, one Clerk, a Ste\\TLrd and thiity-six men. The Hydrant companies have sixteen men each, with the same officers as the Engine companies. The pay of the Chief Engineer is ^1200 per year; — the assistant Engineers $260 — Foremen, $125 — assistant Foremen, &100— Clerk, S 100— Steward, $100— and the Members $80 each, per annum. All the Engine Houses, Hose and Fire apparatus of every description, belong to the city. 116 • Cost of Paving Stones, Stone blocks, Flaoj stones;, Ei^'ge ?.tones, Bricks, Gravel, &c., used in grading, paving aial, repairing streets, drains, &e;, for the past year, was. $i»)4, 103.74, and to the master Pavers was paid $34,103,74 The repairs on Faneuil Hall, with new window frames Mone sills, renovating and painting inside and out, and introducing Quochituat wat^r, was $9,394,96. The police employed by the City, day and night, is at a cost of about $39,500.00 .per year: — whatever com- plaints are made to the courts for any intractions of the city laws, no pecuniary benefit can be derived therefrom by the members of the police. The cost of widening Bromlield Street, to the city, was $84,000.00, and for widening other Streets and Alleys, about $26,000.00. This amount w^as expended in the year ending April 30, 1850. The city Watchmen and Constables of the night re- ceive about $75,000.00 yearly salary. The rents accruing to the city for Stalls in the Granite Market House, outside stands, &c. amount to $31,000.00 per year; and the Okl State House at the head of State Street, rents for $7,185,75, yearly. The number of Hydrants for supplying the Engines iii case of fire, is 780 in the city proper, and 244 at S, Boston. No graves are allowed to be dug in any Cemetery or lands in the city proper, but tombs are yet used for inhu- mation of the deceased. The Boston Aqueduct from Jamaica Plains, Roxbury, was Incorporated in 1795 : the stock divided into 100 shares at $1000, per share : no dividend was made fill 1807, and then but $20, a share, as the profits for 12 past years, being only 1}4 per cent. Deer Island was so named, for being a place of safety for Deer, when chased by wolves; sixteen deer have been taken in a day from that Island. PuUin Point, the opposite shore, was so named, for the tiile was there so rapid, boatmen were obliged to land, and pull their boat through the stream by a line. 117 Apiece of Plymouth Rock, on \vliich onr Pilgrim Fore- fathers landed, Dec. 20, 162u. in Plymouth, was cloven , tf from the main mass, and consecrated with the corner stone of the iVlethodist Church in Bromfield street, April 15, 18U6. near its northeast corner. The Cockerel vane, on the Hanover street Church was placed there in deiision of Mr. Thacher whose christian name was Peter: he was pastor of the new north Church, from which this society seceeded in 1719. The Cannon, Ball, now in the westerly front wall of Brattle street Church, was tired from Cambridge by the Ameiican Army, on the night previous to the embarka- tion of 10,000 British Troops from Boston, under Lord Howe, March 17, 177(3 : two of his regiments were quar- tered in a buildiug next east of the Church, and Lord Howe's quarters, were in that square, west of the Church. The prominent Stone^ in the Building No. 9 Marshall street, well known as the '-boston stone/' was an old fashioned paint mill, imported in 1700; its length, 2 feet 10 inches, and height, about 14 inches, and the circu- lar mullar or stone ball, for grinding paint, within the cavity of the mill box, was 18 inches diameter : in 1737 it having past its date of usefulness in that occupation, was placed at the corner of the house, bottom upwards, and on its top was placed its old companion, the muUer: BOSTON STONE was lettered conspicuously on its front, and it became an important land-mark on threading the mazy streets of the town. In 1835 the old building was taken down, and on erecting a new one, the old mill- box and mullar, were engrafted into the new wall, and the carved coat of arms, on tlie upper front of the old building, was retained in nearly its ancient position, as a memento of the ancient days of the "City of Notions." The old Hancock House, Corn Court, is said to have been, in part, occupied by citizen Phillippe for teaching the French language, who afterwards became citizen King of France. King's Chapel, at the corner of Tremont and School streets was four years being built, on account of the stone 118 material of the building, being imported, most piobably irom England : — in 1750 the corner stone was laid, and in 1754, the building was completed: from 1677 to 1689, Episcopal Church services were held in the old Town house : at which latter date a wooden edifice w^as raised on the present site of the Church grounds, probably- granted for that purpose by Sir William Andros, the then Governor of the State, under Charles II, as lord of the soil. In 1700, on a peak of low land, northeast ofFaneuil Hall, a triangular building was erected, probably by- Dutch Tea Merchants, as they had been in the habit of supplying the inhabitants with teas, at a less price since 1660, than could be afforded by the London East India Company, as most of the Teas from Holland were smug- gled into this market. TRIANGULAR WAREHOUSE, 119 It measured on Merchants Row 51 feet: and 15 feet of its south-west projection is in that street : — on Clinton street it extended 55 feet, and a few feet of its northeast corner is in that street .-—North INIarket street side, measured 48 feet, and the mass of its area, is covered by the two west- erly stores on North market street : — our wood cut aives a general outside appearance of that Triangular Ware- house, and the Diagram shows the present disposition of the ground ; the building was taken down in 1824, to m.ake room for the City Market improvements. Merchants' Row. ANCIENT BUILDING. \ In 1680, A singularly shaped building of two stories, with many peaks to its roof: each story projecting over r.he other some two or more feet into the street, was erpc- .e& ; this building at the corner of Ann street and Dock ^Square yet stands, after a lapse of 171 years, with its )riginal everlasting oak timbers, seeminaly to uphold it as irmly as ever ; the outside facing of this building, was )lastered rough cast, with broken glass imbedded in the nortar which has withstood the pelting, piked storms C. Baker, Theo. Stanwood, Jr. Thos. S. Waterman. Committee on Neivspapers and Pamphlets.— R. P. Chamberlain, James A. Woolson, Wm. A. Walker. Committee on Coins and Curiosities.--Thos. S. Waterman, J. C. Proctor. Jr., Geo. E. Learnard. Committee on Declamation.— O. H. Dulton, H. L. Bascom, S. P. Adams. Commitee on Debate.— C. W. Wrisrht, G. L. Bellows, Augustus Russ. Committee on Composition.— VV. A. Walker, William Pearce, J. M. Richards. BOSTON LYING-IN HOSPITAL, 718 WASHINGTON STREET. Officers for 1851. Meetino-s at the Hospital 1st Tuesday of every month. Hon James Savage, President ; Thomas B. Wales, Vice President; Charles Lowell, D. D. Francis Boj'd, Stephen Fairbanks, Josiah Fiagg, M. D., Francis Parkman, D. D., George Hayward, M. D., —(Chosen by the Massachusetts Humane Society,) John Homans, M. D., Charles Ainorv'.— (Chosen by the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society,) Wil- liam T. Andrews, John W Warren, M. D., Trustees ; Francis Boyd, S-cretary ; Henderson Inches, Treasurer ; Horace Dupee, Luther Parks, Jr., Attending Physicians ; Mira Rice, Matron. MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE SOCIETY, FOUNDED 1762, INCORPORATED 1780. Officers for 1851. Joseph \V. Homer, President ; Charles Ewer, Vice President ^ Daniel Henchman, Secretary ; Uriel Crocker, Treasurer. BOSTON BENEFIT SOCIETY. Officers for 1851. M. T. Robinson, President j George H. Niebahr, Secretary ; Jamei Knott, Jr., Treasurer . m SUFFOLK COUNTY FLOUR MILLS. At the head of Eastern Rail Road Wharf, on Commercial street; established in 1849, This establishment has the power and facilities for bolting 400 barrels of flour per day, propelled by one Steam Engine of 100 Horsepower. The buildings are worthy of being inspected by strangers to any similar operation and they are politely received by the superintendent. A statistical Horse power is, a power to raise 130 pounds to an elevation of one hundred feet, in one minute. Daniel Hammond, President ; William Lincoln, James S. Wiggin, William W. Allcott, J. Wingate Thornton, Directors. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY, SAVINGS BANK BUILDING. See page 44. Officers for 1851. Hon James Savage, President ; Joseph Willard, Esq.. Recording Sac- ret ary ; Rev. Alexander Young, D. D. Corresponding Secretary; Rev. J. B Felt, Librarian; Richard Frolhingham, Jr , Esq., Treasurer; Isaac P. Davis, Esq., Cabinet Keeper. FEMALE SAMARITAN SOCIETY. Mrs. G. Davis, President ; Mrs. J. O. Lakeman, Secretary. 132 MASSACHUSETTS LEGISLATIVE TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. Officers for the year 1851. His Excellency Gov. George S. Boutwell, President; Henry W. Cushman, I.ieul. Governor; Henry Wilson, President of the Senate ; Nathaniel P.Banks, Jr., Speaker of the House; AmasaWalker, Secre- tary of State, Vice Presidents. Thomas Gill, Reporter of the Post, Re- cording Secretary. John Clark, Reporter of the Courier, Corresponding Secretary. Charles T. Rus.sell, Treasurer. Executive Committee., — E. K. VVhitaker, of the Council, Ralph San- ger, of Dover; Henry H. Baker, of Georgetown; Lyman W. Daggett of Altleboro'; William Claffin, of Hopkinton ; Charles Mason, of Fitch- burg, and Rodney Hunt, of Orange. MA.SSACHUSETTS INSTITUTION FOR THE TEACHING AND TRAINING OF IDIOTS, MT. WASHINGTON, SOUTH BOSTON. OfRce 20 Bromfield street. S. G. Howe, Director ; James B. Richards, Superintendent and Teacher . BOSTON children's FRIEND SOCIETY. Officers for 1851. I Mrs. Margaret D. Baldvv^in, President ; Mrs. Sarah W. Gushing, Se- j cretary ; Miss Catherine Mears, Treasurer; Mrs. William Reynolds, Mrs. J. C. Proctor, Mrs. Daniel Noyes, Vice Presidents. I PARENT WASHINGTON TOTAL ABSTINENCE SOCIETY. Wm. R. Stacy, President; George B. Proctor, Srcretar\f; Daniel S. Tarr, Treasurer. Regular meetings at AVashingtonian Hall, Brom- field street, every Sunday, Wednesday and Saturday evening. NORTH-END TOTAL ABSTINENCE SOCIETY. David Porter, President. Meetings every Monday evening, at the Bethel, corner of Commercial and Levi'is streets. RAILROADS. Boston & Lowell, R.R. op. 1835 ; Shares ^500 ; station, Low^ell street Eastern R.R , op. 1838; Shares $100 ; station. Eastern av. Com'l st. Boston & Maine R.R., op. 18-36 ; Shares ,$?100 ; station Haymarket sq. Northern R.R., op. 1846; Shares $100 coiuiectcd with Lowell R.R. FiTCHBURG R.R., op. 1S45 ; Shares $100 ; Station on Causeway street.'i Western R.R. , op. 1S39; Shares SlOO ; station Beach street. '" Providence R.R. , op, 1836; Shares $100; station Pleasant street. Old Colon-? R.R., op. 1845; Shares $100 ; 1 Station corner of South Fall River R.R., op. 1846 , Shares $100 ; j and Kneeland streets. N Bedford & Taunton Branch R.R ; station on Pleasant st. (Prov. sla.) Cape Cod Branch R.R., at the Old Colony station. Stomngton R.R.; Providence station, Pleasant st., bottom of Common. Worcester & Nashua R.R., op. 1835; Shares $100; station Beach st. Norfolk CoTTNTY R R.; station on Pleasant st.. Providence Railroad. Vermont Central R.R., in connexion with Lowell and Fitchburg slat. Chkshike R.R.J from the Fitchburg station, Causeway street. 133 Rutland & Burlington R.R., from the Fitchburg station. Concord & Montheal R R. is connected witii tlie Lowell R.R. Connecticut <.t Passumpsic R.R. is coimected with the Lowell R.R. N. Hampshire Central R.R is connected with the Lowell R.R. FOUR ROUTES TO NEW YORK. jst. — New York by the Old Colony line to Fall River, (53 miles,) then by steamer, by Newport, to New York, (183 miles.) 2d. — To Providence and Stonington, (92 miles,) thence by steamer, (125 miles) to New York. 3d. — To Worcester and Norwich, to Allyn's Point, (110 miles.) thence by steamer, (128 miles.) to New York. .4lh.— To Worcester and Springfield, (98 miles,) Hartford & New Haven R.R., (63 miles,) thence by N. Haven R.R., (77 miles) or by steamer, (78 miles) to New York. DISTANT FROM THE OLD STATE HOUSE. STATE STREET. To Summer street, southerly, ,'4 Miles. " Boylsion street, do >3 " Cherry street, do 1 " South Boston bridge, do l}i ^' Roxbury Line, do 2}^ " Universalist Church, Roxbury, 2^ *' Providence Station, south west, >4 " Worcester Station, south east, % " Lowell Station, north west, ^s '' Maine Station, north, X " Eastern Station, north east >2 ^' Massachusetts Hospital, north west fi " McLean Asylum, at Somerville, do 2 " Charlestown Square, north, 1 " State Prison, north west, IH '' Bunker Hill Monument and Navy Yard, north 1)4 " Chelsea, north east, 2 " Cambridge st. cor. of N. Russell st }4 " Cambridge Bridge, west. i?4 " Cambridgeport, do 2}^ " Harvard University, do 2}4 " Mount Auburn, do 4^^ " Winnisimmet Ferry, north east, ?3 -" Maverick Square, East Boston, north east, l>a f Charles St. cor. of Western Avenue, west, ^i ■" Warren street, south, , ^-^ " Leveret st. cor. of Causeway st. north westerly, >^ •" Hanover St. cor. of N. Bennet St. north east, K ■" End of Long Wharf, east, >2 <• Foot of Fayette street, south west 1 *' Through Fed. st. to Broadway, S. B. south east, ... 1>^ " Mt. Washington & Dorch'r Heights, S.B. east by south, 2 " House of Reformation, do 2X From Roxbury Line to Winnisimmet Ferry, 2^^ From Providence Station to W'orcester Station, ^i Around the Common, *. 1 >» 12 134 - H o o 5 o 2 o 6 0) • S S S „ «.= o oj S ^ ^"5 "" -ci2S^t^ ^ £5 S"^ £'o on jj "S I 2 's o 1 i > F a OJ 6 2 p ^ is S3 Li- .' 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Ci- <; crj Gi [J- CD H Cfl S O Vj K g^ CD < ft 1.1 sill! 1 ^'H. 5 3 ^ £i ^^-=gry, S>KK-3i|-=Q boO ^ E ^ tC«J i o o ^ g c=:w^ tuj=r:: paix;3S C5 O O 00 GO X) ;c in iX) c/j X S OJ ^B ^ 30 o T-H -< ->» -/) 10 {^ -J- ^ rj> Tf "S" i;t< Tt< CC GO CO 00 .X 00 CB i3 o to orj CO CD C 2 «) w ■„ 5 . 2 S 2 :"'2 E t^ - ,2 S.d =-? „•_:_; ^ -5 _j -== -5 d -ti > I ^c 2 :? £ J oj -^ g sMii'i^- -'^ a "" 9 c 5I " ^ '5. £ rt" o 9 ".?- 9 9 5 5 .3* ajpSg^-cacaouam^ ^5 c5uOa;!^H&.± cd crfWciciuoc: "» 3 tT! "H y — tj ■-• p- > = ^ > s rt o 5 !S ^ r/2 g N fe !r h ^3 *y3 _ rt O 'EPm ,t^^ r/3 C; CO Ijh r/) O 5 .=r ^ J= .2 -j^ Q - uT S •= o ■" .2 i3 _^ f -) V S Sf £, ^ .2 o r^r b. =- r- o C i^ ';223ajf/!S2=^ .3j=3.=; r/3 0O§Qt/30fcKO CCOOOSU^ 00-^'M'MO>COCO'* ■«• T)<'^T-r)>iOiniO QOQOCOOOaboOCOQOCO 00 ODCfiCOOOf/JCDGO 137 ^ • 5 ■' .£ — .2 G « S — — —=-::;•- — -'-^ 30^ = - — «=^UWc C3 CD GO . tcfco ._ q . g. Unit 10. Con list, versalis scopal. g. Unit 10. Con 10. Con hodist. g Unit gregat' hodist. byteria 1. Cath ish. 1. Cath §^§•■5 5-5t:t.^g5«£c„^o 'oocQ:^WoOO^ao^a-ci'^Qi ^ >^ ri ""b .2^0 ^AJ& pel, ig'l Ch onChu ega'l S hodist hurch. onists. Epis. C rian C Paul's Israelit tiurch, Seamen's Cha Indiana st. Co Suffolk St. Uni Pilgrim Congr VVesleyan Me East Boston C Society of Un Eighth Math. First Presbyte St. Vincent de Synagogue of Beach street C 10 1.0 lo ic to ! OD QO GO 03 C/) GO ■ A PLAGIARIST PREACHER. A young preacher, who con- cluded he might adopt the cogita- tions of better sermonisers than himself, without detection from any of his parishoners, gave free latitude to that habit; yet, he was not undiscovered by some few of the older part of his church : on one occasion, he dilated in fine glowing language, on the charac- ter of the christian, when an old gentleman, said in a low tone of voice, "That is Tillotson; " the preacher continued on for a few more passages, when he ,was heard to say, " That's Masillon," at the close of another strain, ''That's Channing," and atanoth- " That's Dr. Dodd," and at anoth- er, '-That's Blair," — for he knew em all by heart — the minister being provoked at thus being ex- po.sed, leaned over the pulpit, and said to him, "I wish you to take a seat farther off from the sacred desk, for you interrupt the servi- ces !" The gentleman looked the parson full in the face and mutter- ed, " That's his own, and all of the sermon that is. " 12* 138 PUBLIC HOUSES IN BOSTON. Na}7ies vf Hoiians. Locations. By ivhoni kept. Adams House, 371 Washington street, Daniel Chamberlin. Alliaiiy Houl, Albany, c. Kneeland st. Isaac Hall, Jr. Albion House, Treuioni, c. Beacon st. J. W Barton. Amer. Chaiis^e Hotel, 184 and 1«() Harrison av. A . Hathaway. Aiiiericaa House, 4-2 Hanover st. Lewis Rice. Bed ford House, Kndicot, cor. Cross st. S. Wilson. Ben Franklin, 3 Morion place, Chas. S.siMartin. Bite Tavern, 8 Market sq. Thomas Davis. Bronifield House, JJromfield st. S. Crockett. Buffalo House, 37 Lincoln street. J. Merritt. Casile Point Hotel, Fourth, S. B. H. Walker. Central House, 9 Brattle sq. Benj. True. Chestnut Cotiaere, 15 Portland st. B. Graffam. City Hotel, Brattle st. Geo. W. (-.age. Connner. Coffee House Milk, cor.Batterymarch, Whitney & White, Concert Hall, Hanover, e Court st. P. B. Brigham,^ Congress House, Pearl, c. High ol. E. Jones. CornliiU Coffee House, Cornhill court. Davenport's Inn, 3 Cornhill square. C. F. Davenport. Eagle Hotel, •24 Ann st. Hi Roger?' Eagle Coffee House, Lewis, c. Fulton, Girard Torhorst. Piast. Exchange Hotel, Eastern av. E. R. R Wf. J. B. Carter. Eastern R. R. House, 115 Commercial st. G. IVasson. • East. Steamboat House 23 Commercial street, J. G. Nott. Elm St. Hotel, 9 Elm street, Oscar Knox & Co. Empire House, E. R. R. wharf, A. Salisbury. Exchange Coff. House Congress sq. & Devon, st. McGill & Fearmg. Fire Department Hotel Souili Boston, T. Hutchinson. Fitchbarg Exchange, Canal, cor. Causeway st. Fountain House, Beach, cor. Harrison av. William AVildes. Franklin House, 44 MerchaiUs row. Cross, Sarnpsoit& Co Freeman's Inn, Sea St. near the bridge, Jeremiah Brown. German Coffee House, 155 Pleasant st. C. Plaff Gibbs' Hotel, Mass. Block, Court Sq. H. E. Wood. Globe Hotel, Hanover, c. Commerc'lsl S. C. Brooks. Golden Queen, First street. J. L. Fisher. Hancock House, Corn Court, J. A. Duggan, Hanover House, 50 Hanover st. Wilson &. Gilmail- Hope House, 2G Ann street, Thomas Roed. Jefferson House, 16 Ann street. L. Clark. La Grange Hotel, 17 Union street, J. A. Drew. Lowell House, Lowell, cor. Barton st. C. Ober. Mansion House, 95 Hanover st. E. G unison. Mariner's House, North Square, William Brodhead, Marlboro' Hotel, 229 Washington st. Proctor & Park*. Massachusetts House, Endicot, cor. Cross st. D. Harvey. Msssacliusetts Hotel, 40 School street. J. B. Gibbs. Maverick Hoii.*e, Maverick sq. D. Bryant. Mechanics Hotel j 112 Cambridge st. H. Bates. 139 Names of Houses. Merchants Ex. Hotel, Merchants Hotel, Merrimac H >use, Middlesex House, Moiitezuina House, Moutgomery House, National House, New England House, Norlbllv House, Old Colony House, Orb'-^olel, Park House, Pantheon House, Patterson House, Pavilion, Pearl Street House, Pemberton House, Phoenix House, Quincy House, Kailroad House, Headhead's Hotel, Revere House, Richmond House, Sailors Home, Shades, Shades, blade's Hotel, •South Boston Hotel, ^Slackpole House, St. Charles Hotel, Traders Hotel, Tremont House, 'Tremont Strei-t Hotel Twelfth Ward Hotel, Union Hotel, Union House, United Slates Hotel, Vermont Cent'l House AVashing-. Cofl". House Washi)igton House, Western Avenue Hole! Western Hotel, Western R. R. Hotel, Whitnty's Hotel, Winthrop House, Location. State St. 13 Change av. Merrimac c. Friend st. 47 Portland street, 52 Kneeland street, Tremont, c. Bromfieldst. Blackslone, cor. Cross st. Clinton street, 25 Elm street, South, cor. Kneeland st. 8 Avery street, Boyl>ton cor. Tremont, 439 Washington st. 11 Elm street, 41 Tremont row, Pearl, cor. Milk st. Howard street, Pleasant, opp. -Eltct st. 1 Brattle sq. Turnpike st. S. Boston, StI South, c. Kneelind .st. Bovvdoin sq. c. Bulfinch si Richmond st 99 Purchase st. 2 Cornhill sq. 2 Morton place, 5 Tremont row. 73 Fourth street, 38 Milk street. Beach, cor. Lincoln st. 22 Union street, Tremont street, Tremont, cor. Canton st. Fourth St. cor. Turnpike Maverick sq. E Boston. 175 1-2 Hanover street. Beach, cor. Lincoln st. Canal, c. Causeway, st. 153 Washington St. b'31 Washington st. Mill Dam, 94 and 9() Cambridge st. 11 Albany street, Lincoln street, Tremont cor. Boylston st By vj/iom kept.x Henry Dooley. Ephriam Hayes. Solomon Hayes. F. A. Stone. Samuel M. Bancroft Parker & Wilson. Hiram 'ffibbs. L. Maynard. J. A. Hohart. Patrick Hilly. William Stuart. B. D. :\l<^i?.l. John Holton. M. & M. Wildes. W. E. Kussell. HitchcocktVHuggins U. W.Carr. J. Reed. Wheelock & Long. T. Leavitt. A. T. Readhead. P. Stevens. A. S. Clark. John O. Chaney. Mrs. Thomas Bates T. D. Park, .lames L. naHs^n. S. Mc Inlire. Alex. McGregor. Maiming & Lyford. John Bryant. J. L.Tucker & Co. G. W. Haselline G. Holmes B. Haynes. M. J. Brockway. Spooner & Silsby. A. D. Pattee. E. S. Goodiiow, Azariah Cooley. D. W. Hopkins. E. H. Doo little. Alba Hathaway. Charles Whitney. R.W. Holnian&Co 140 IMPROVEMENTS IN BOSTON. FRANKLIN PLACE. Thejirst block of buildings erected in Boston, was the range called the "Tontine" in Franklin Place. Up to the year 1792, it had been a slongh or quagmire, and to build there, was deemed quixotic : it was first drained and laid out as a garden ; a fish pond formed, and stored with gold and silver fish by its owner, Joseph Barrell. A number of persons associated and made investments for building, and at the expiration of a number of years, the property was to be divided among the surviving subscribers : they petitioned the Legislature lor an act of incorporation, but which was refused. The corner stone for the two crescent rows of 15 buildings each, of three stories height, was laid Aug. 8, 1793 : the centre building of the south row, has an arched passage-way, for carriages through into Arch street, which building is the property of the '' Boston Library Society." In the centre of the area between the two crescent rows, is an enclosed grass-plat of 300 feet, in the form of an elipse, and in the centre of the plat is a monumental Urn to the memory of Dr. Franklin : as the whole of these grounds will probably be cleared off to make room for the strides of modern improvement, the principles of economy ex- emplified in the Doctor's hieroglyphic card, or art for making money iilenty in both pockets ^ may with propriety be introduced, for the benefit of those minds not well drilled on that beneficial subject of ethics, or it may be- come an useful gymnasium-puzzle to interpret its em- blems. The second block of brick buildings erected in Bos- ton, was on the west side of Court street, between How- ard street and Bowdoin square, in 1800, called West TOW. South row, next to the Old South Church, was built at the same time ; and the North row on the west side of Fish (Ann) street in 1802; and about that time, four buildings next the Park street Church, were erect- ed : by the fall of 1804, the houses at the corner of Park 141 and Beacon streets were built— Hamilton Place in 1806 — Bumstead Place immediately after — Piiickney, Han- cock and Myrtle streets and the whole exient of Mount Vernon, which in 1799 presented a repulsive, dreary wast^, on which only three decent houses were to be seen, were soon covered with extensive ranges of hand- some and fashionable blocks of dwelling hoasesj — in 180(3, that part of the ''village" had become the res- idence of many wealthy and prominent families ; Bea- con hill and all the eminences west of it were leveled, and the subtracted earth was used to fill up the mill-pond where the Maine R. R. Station is now located ; this was done by the Boston Mill CoRroRATioN, incorporated March 9, 1804 ; and certain associated persons were in- corporated as the Pond street Corporation, for making a street (Endicot) across the mill-pond from Middle (Hanover) street, to the old Charlestown Bridge, March 11, 180P, a distance of 1980 feet. Charlestown street was soon after made, and with astonishing rapidity that whole area of 42 acres of made land, was covered with work shops and dwellings. About this time Copp's hill was being razed and brick buildings erected in Lynn (Commercial) street : those were the principal improv- ments going on at the North part of the town. Sundry persons associated for building a street, under the title of the "Broad street association," and were incorporated Feb. 14, 1805, and while this was progressing, another company projected and finished India Wharf; India St., from India wharf to the head of Long wharf, with the stores on it, were ready for occupancy in 1807, 8 and 9. The range of four story stores from State street to Pur- chase, on the west side of Broad street, a distance of 1473 feet was quickly completed ; Central Wharf was built in 1816, 1240 leet in length by 150 in breadth, having 54 stores on it : in the centre building is a spacious Hall which has been used as a Chapel for the benefit of Sea- men, over which is a furnished observatory. While these great works were progressing, Mr. Cot- 142 ting, who was the eminent projector of many of them, was planning Market (Cornhill) street : in 1817 a block of stores was erected on each side ; the north side being 432 feet and the south 436 feet in length, on a curved line ; they were the first buildings wilh granite pillars, united to brick walls, erected in the "village :" in 1819 Brattle street was opened, and a block of elegant four story houses built with granite front, on its north line, being the first built of stone. Fort-hiil was put in good shape, and the town lots there sold for dwelling-house lots and called Washington Place, surrounding a fenced- in green plat, 200 feet diameter, ornamented with trees: North Russell, Vine and Poplar streets, and the neigh- borhood of the Mass. Hospital nearly to Cragie's Bridge, which had been marsh and pasture ground, or improved only for Ropewalks, was converted into good building lots, and was soon covered with substantial houses : Beacon street presented a busy scene of building elegant private single houses, according to the taste of the own- ers ; and Colonnade row on the east of the Common in 1814, presented an elegant and imposing range of 24 buildings of an uniform size and style ; besides many courts, rows, squares and places, comprising from 6 to 12 buildings each, were erected in various parts of the town about that time. EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, 1808. The old Exchange Coffee House, covering 12,753 square feet of ground, was completed in 1808; the present building bearing that title, stands on part of the ground, it was destroyed by fire Nov, 3, 1818 ; it was the most extensive establishment of the kind in the United States: the building was commenced for a speculation, based on the circulation of Farmers Exchange Bank bills, which had no actual capital, worth nothing ; the house cost up- wards of half a million of dollars, and unfortunately, the bills were so current as to permit it to be built with seven stories instead of four, as originally designed. When on 143 fire at its attic, it was beyond the reach of engine pow- er; and as Benjamin Austin expressed himself, on learn- ing the result, "it was conceived in sin, brought forth ia iniquity, but it is now purified by fire, " To the top of the dome of the building, was 100 feet, and the diameter of that dome 100 feet 10 inches : the house contained 210 rooms, with a dining room to seat 300 persons : the principal floor was intended for a pub- lic exchange, but never used for that purpose : it had a reading room, an observatory, billiard rooms, bar, &c.&c. The next morning, the whole isolated front wall on Con- gress street, 90 feet high and 80 wide, seemed tottering:; the opposite buildings were only 28 feet from the wall, but in the course of that and the succeeding day, it was leveled without any damage to the buildings, or the thousands of spectators who were witnesses to that sub- lime wreck of matter, merchants' exchange building. This edifice is near the centre of State Street, erect- ed in 1824 ; the building extending with a public lie walk or thoroughfare through its entire extent into Lindall St. a length of 170 feet : besides an entrance at each end of the building, is one on its west centre, from Congress Street : it is advantageously situated and ar- ranged for the trading, traveling community : in it, is the Post Office department : Merchants' public Reading Room : a Hotel, kept by Henry Dooley, with various Offices for public concerns : the only indifferent feature about the whole concern, is the sculptured vignette over its front portico, which forcibly reminds one of the old primmer cuts, were many things were crowded together without any relation to size or propriety, if they could only be wedged in. A brick block in Alden's lane, comprising three hand- some houses, were built in 1844, by Ezra Trull. In 1845, the Cruft Block of four granhe front Ware- houses of four storieSj on Pearl streetj and six convenient 144 dwelling houses in their rear, were erected by Mr. Cruft on the spot previously occupied by his house and garden plat. Oregon Block of three spacious warehouses of four stories, with granite front, was built by John Fairbanks in 1846, on Pearl street. Brooks Block also of four stories with granite front, and four stores, was erected in 1847, on Pearl street. Milk Street Block, fronting Federal street, of four granite front stores, was built in 1845 by Mr. Wm God- dard. BowDoiN Block, on Milk street, erected in 1845 by Andrew Carney, comprising three Warehouses. Sewall Block of three stores, erected in 1846 of four stories on Milk street by I. E. & N. Brown. Morton Block of five superior Warehouses on Milk street, was erected in 1845 by Mr. Pliny Cutler and others. Lawrence Block of two Warehouses, on Milk street, erected in 1844 by Hon, Abbot Lawrence. Old South Block of three spacious Warehouses of superior style and value, was built in 1845, on the Par- sonage house site, with one other building belonging to the Old South Church Society. A Block of Stores on the corner of Milk and Haw-^ ley streets and one on the corner of Milk and Atkinson streets were erected in 1S45; the latter on the Justice Stephen Gorham Estate, who became poor by building the Pearl street Public House. Bath Street, leading from Congress and Water street on a curving line east to Milk street has been lined on both sides with Stores and Warehouses of four stories. On Federal Street, a superior Block of two granite Warehouses was erected on the site of the Baptist Church in 1845; by Hon, Abbot Lawrence, of four stories — the Church Society having a new building on the corner of Bedford and Rowe streets. Also, another Block of three Warehouses on Federal st, nearer the Theater, erected in 1844 by Hon. Abbot Lawrence, of four stories. 145 Sanford Block, on Federal, fronting Franklin street, of six stories, was erected by Samuel Sanford in 1846. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1844 erected a handsome building for their useful and noble purposes on School street, on the site of the Latin Sciiool house, with an extensive Hall for their exhibition of Fruits and Flowers, with one for a Library and the so- ciety's meeting room, for interchanging ideas and im- provements in the science of Farming and Horticulture, and for disseminating valuable information of their pro- gress and doings to the farming interest. At the junction of Sudbury and Court streets, is the Derby Range of Stores, and the Derby House of enter- tainment ; built in 1846. Diamond Block of wooden stores, corner of Union and Hanover streets, was erected by Mr. Diamond in 1845. Hanover Strret has been greatly improved by many handsome modern style edifices, some few quite unique and harmonious in their proportions and embelishments ; the attractions, by neat stores for business purposes and varieties of merchandize for the wants of the community for the retail trade, bespeak for that section of the city, a full proportion of active business, where the rents are within due bounds. Richmond Street, from Hanover to Fulton st. has been made considerably wider, affording a handsome avenue from Salem street to Commercial street. Ann Street, which has of late years housed the most degraded part of the city population is under the level- ing application of the pick-axe and the broom, for cleans- ing the Augean stable ; the clearing off the old rubbish has began, and in its place, the beautiful Gerrish Block, whh granite front, erected in 1846, and the Hitchborn Block in the same street, and a new block on the site of the Old Eastern hotel, which spot is well known throughout our country towns, as the most extensive Stage office in Boston. — May enterprize speed the time ^vhen no such extensive evidence of depravity, and 13 146 wretched squalid vice and stench-pool, shall greet the eye or nostrils of the passenger. At the corner of Bart- lett and Ann streets, an elegant large stone building has been completed. In the North-west part of the city, great additions have been made of land reclaimed from the tide waters, and extensive rows of handsome brick buildings erect- ed ; North Charles, Livingston and Auburn streets, are entirely new made land. Lowell, Billerica and Nashua Streets, near the Low- el R. R. Station, were all formed and built on from 1835 to 1840, with handsome rows of dwellings, their entire length and on both sides of each street. North Hudson Street, rear of Commercial, near old Charles River Bridge, was built upon with handsome and convenient dwellings in 1846. Copp's Hill Cemetery, at the extreme north part of the city, has been much improved, by laying out neat paths in every suitable direction, and by planting trees and shrubbery to beautify and hallow the spot. Fulton Street, in 1838, was increased in value, beauty and conveniences, by the erection of several blocks of rich buildings for trade and commerce. Ferry Street, from Ann to Fulton ] Barrett street, and Shoe & Leather Dealers streets are covered with four story brick Warehouses, all erected in 1844. Rail Road Wharf, next but one north of Commer- cial wharf, vt'as mostly reclaimed from tide water, and built on in 1845 and 1846, having a long range of granite warehouses of four stories on each side, an elegant Hotel on the south range, facing the east, containing 80 sleep- ing rooms, extensive Halls, Baths, &c. ; the East Bos- ton Ferry Boats ply from this whaif. The Massachusetts Block of four stories, fronting on Court square, extending on William's court, 150 feet, containing 70 good sized rooms, &c., was built in 1847, a spacious entry through the whole extent, gives it an airy, healthy and prepossessing appearance ; this build- 147 ing took the p^ace of a number of old dilapidated shan- ties, too miserable for use. Dearborn Block, erected on Federal street in 1848, of four granite stories, built by that enterprising scientific mechanic, George W. Gerrish, who purchased the land from the legatees of the late Benjamin Dearborn : this block of superb buildings is the fourth that Mr. Gerrish has built, and all are ornamental to the city and first-rate business concerns. The Granite building, of three stories, numbered 13 on Winter street, was erected in 1846, by Thomas Wig- giesworth. The Granite building, of three stories and one' store, 234 Washington street, was built in 1845 by Benjamin F. Blaney. Occupied by John Doggett & Co. The Granite block of three stories and three stores, numbered 281, 285 and 287 on Washington street, was erected in 1845 by Franklin Dexter. The Granite building on the south corner of Washing- ton and Essex streets, was built in 1832. Three stories, and has three stores. The Granite block on the corner of Washington and Boylston streets was built by David E, Mosely. in 1845, of four stories, with three stores, the Boylston Bank oc- cupying a chamber. The two stores north of the Mosely block was built in 1845, by John I. Brown; four stories; and the block of three stores north of this, was erected the same year. The Granite block of four stores, on State street, was built by the of the Merchants' Bank in 1845; the edifice is of three stories. The Granite block on the corner of School and Wash- ington streets, was built by David S. Greenoughin 1843, of four stories with three stores. The Granite building, numbered 122 State street, fronting Broad street, was built in 1823 by Benj. Loring, of four stories, and one store, which he occupies under the firm of Benj. Loring & Co. 148 The granite block on Washington street, numbered 94 and 78, was built by David Sears, of three stories, with two stores. The Granite building on the corner of Washington street and Spring lane, was erected in 1845, by 0. Good- win, of three stories and one store. The Dalton Block on Congress street, numbered 65, 67, 69 and 71, was built in 1845, by Thomas Wiggles- worth, with two stores. The Granite block on Washington street, of threis sto- ries and two stores, numbered 95 and 97, was built in 1831 by John Borland. The Graniie block, corner of State and Broad streets, of four stories, with two siores, was erected in 1845 by Jonathan Phillips, and occupied by S. Thaxter & Son, The Graniie block at the corner of West and Wash- ington streets, known as Amory Hall was built in 1835 by Henry Coilman, of three stories, having three stores on the lower floor, and two large halls above, for public meetings; one hall to accommodate 600 persons and the other for 300, with five rooms for offices. The beautiful Granite block at the north-west corner of Washington and Winter streets, was built in 1846, by Rev. R. M. Hodges of Cambridge, of four stories, com- j)risiiig three lower stores and large halls above. The Granite building, numbered 91 on Washington street, being the second south of Joy's building, was erected by Rollins & Demeritt in 1845, of four stories, with one large store. The Granite building, 129 Washington street, was erected in 1846, of three stories with one store. The Granite building, numbered 192 Washington st. was built in 1840 by the late Col. Henry Sargent, of two stories, occupied by G. W. Warren & Co, The Granite building adjoining Mr. Hodges' block, corner of Winter aud Washington streets, north, was erected by Prof. Edward E. Salisbury, of New Haven, four stories with one store. 149 The three Granite buildings north of Prof. Salisbury's on Washington street, were erected in 1846 by Mr. Thos. Wigglesworth, of four stories with three stores. The Granite block, Nos. 237 and 241, on Washington street, was erected in 1846, of four stories and four stores. The handsome Granite block of two stores, numbered 117 and 121 on Washington street, was erected by Wm. D. Sohier and E. V. Ashton, of four stories^ 100 feet in depth, 22 feet front, each ; finished with French window frames and plate glass, and were well built in every respect. The Granite block of six stores, north of Amory Hall, was built in 1834 by Kittredge & Blake, of three stories. The Granite block, south but one, of West street, on Washington, was erected in 1845, of three stories and three stoifes. The Brick range of four story buildings on Washington street, corner of Eliot street, comprising six stores, was raised bodily three feet, by windlass Jacks, in 1845, and granite posts or pillars inserted to sustain it; adding the three feet to the lower story ; this great exploit seemed to have been accomplished without shaking a brick from its correct position. The Masonic temple, on Tremont street, fronting the Mall, was erected in 1831 by the Grand Lodge of Mass- achusetts, comprising a spacious Hall for public meet- ings, concerts, &c., and will seat 750 persons ; it has several school rooms, and rooms for other purposes; the Masonic Lodges hold their meetings in the upper part of the building. Temple Place was completed building on, in 1844, comprising twenty-two very elegant dwelling houses, built by various persons. The Brick block on the west corner of Marshall and Hanover streets, was erected in 1847 by C. E. Wiggin, of four stories and two stores. The Granite front block, on the north-east corner of Wilson's lane and Washington streets, was erected in 13* 150 1845 by U. & J. Ritchie, of four stories with three stores. Brazer's buikiing, on the east corner of Devonshire and State streets, was erected in 1842, owned by Miss Sarah Brooks of Princeton^ it being of three stories with two stores. The Granite front block on the west corner of Devon- shire and State street, was built in 1845 by Geo. A. Otis, of three stories and four stores. The Brick block on the corner of State street and Chatham Row, was built in 1847 by M. Tisdale, of five stories and three stores. The Brick block at the corner of Chatham row and Butler's square, was erected in 1847 by M. Tisdale, of five stories with two stores. The Granite block, numbered 52, 54, 56 and 58 on Pearl street was built in 1846, by Dodge &, Ikicker, of four stories with two warehouses. The Granite front block between Brook's block and the Pearl street House, was built in 1846, of four stories, comprising eighteen stores by various owners. The Brick block on the corner of Howard and Court streets was erected in 1845, owned by the heirs of the late George Redding, of four stories and three stores. The superior Granite front block, at the corner of Bul- finch /and Court streets, was built in 1846, by Gardner Chilson, of four stories with three stores. The two Brick blocks on Tremont street, between Beacon street and the Engine House, north, were erect- ed in 1835 and 6, comprising twenty-eight stores of three and four stories, by various owners. The Granite building on State street, numbered 72, was erected in 1827, by Andrew J. Allen, of four stories and improved by himself, under the title of A. J. Allen & Son. Two blocks of Brick dwelling houses were erected in 1845, one on each side of Chilson place, leading from Lyman place, comprising five buildings, all by Gardner Chilson. » 151 On the north-west corner of State and Washington streets, a seven story pagoda building has just been erected of a truly unique and elegant style : the use of Iron pillars and ornaments on its exterior and particular- ly in its first story, imparts quite a light and airy efiect, and allows of an almost uninterrupted inside view of a superb store of goods. Joseph Lyman is owner of this superb edifice, which we are informed has been leased at about $7,500 per annum. George Snell was its Ar- chitect, This is the spot on which the first shop in Bos- ton was opened by J. Coggan. The proprietors of the Times newspaper have erected on the south side of State street a building of 6 stories, on the site of their previous occupancy, having a beauti- ful appearance and possessing the greatest conveniences for a publishing establishment. Cost of the building, $16,000. The imposing Granite structure on the northern side of Summer street, owned by J. P. & J. H. Thorndike, and occupied by Chandler & Co. and Henry Pettee & Co., is one of the most enduring, capacious and conven- ient warehouses in the city. On the AthensBum estate. Pearl street, an expensive granite block of warehouses has been erected, titled Athen.5:um Block ; owned by Edward Brooks; design- ed by G. J. F. Bryant, architect. A superior specimen of architecture is exhibited on the corner of Fayette court and Washington street, built for James Parker from designs by G. J. F. Bryant, occu- pied on lease, by Hallet, Davis & Co. for a Piano Forte manufactory. Nearly opposite Merchants row on State street, is a beautiful structure, erected in 1850 for the Bank of Com- merce : Charles E. Parker, Architect : and just below, the Bank of North America occupy a splendid new building, owned by Henry Lee, built from designs by Edward C. Cabot, Architect. The Simmons' Block on the corner of Water and Con- gress streets, just erected, is an honor to the entei^prise 152 of John Simmons who occupies it for an extensive clothes e^tablishment, in which vocation he has honestly reap- ed an almost princely formne. The building erected in 1849, on the south corner of Essex and Washington streets, owned by David Sears, is anachievmeiit honorable to its proprietor and to the city. A free-red-stone editice was completed in 1850, on West street, for a society of gentlemen, as a retiring lounge for leisure hours : beautiful in its exterior and splendid in its interior. Long Wharf was built about the year 1712. The Old State House at the head of State street, was built about the year 1670, being commenced with a be- quest from Robert Keayne, of £oi)0 ; deceased in 1656 : he was the first commander of the Massachusetts Com- pany, chaitered in 1638^ — now known as the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. The Grasshopper on Faneuil Hall, placed there by the builder and donor of the building, seemed to be a favor- ite vane with him ; for he had a similar one on his sum- nier-house, probably coaled from that on the Royal Ex- change, London, which burned down twelve years ago. George's Island 6 1-2 miles. South-east from Boston, has been ceded to the United States Government and on which it has built one of the strongest and best con- structed forts in the world : for 12 years the work has been progressing and is yet uniinished ; there is some- thing uncommonly imposing and grand, possesses the beholder on viewing such amass of human labor expen- ed within the conlined limits of such an Island. Castle Island, Fort Independence, which for a series of years was appropriated for the confinement of burglars and convicts at nail making, and where the noted Stephen Burroughs exercised his ingenuity in making three nails per day, and throwing the rest of the material into a well to deceive his keepers ; that Island has on it, one of the best built forts on the continent ; the Island has been celebrated in our annals from the earliest date of the 153 settlement of Boston, as bearing a part in most of its public concerns , in protecting the town, and protecting the Crown officers from the town; the residence of convicts; and at last, a decided good position and place, lor the protection of our harbor and the flag which waves over it. SMALLPOX AND KINE-POCK, ' In the year 1649, 1665, 1678 and 1691, the small pox i>spread among the inhabitants of Boston wdth great des- truction of life : in 1702, 313 persons died under its pow- er : in 1721, 5759 persons had it the natural way, and ' that number was a large half of the whole population ; of whom 844 died : at this time Dr. Zabodiel Boylston dared to inoculate three of his own household, which resulted in complete success ; this experiment was vio- lently opposed by the rest of the medical faculty, who carried public opinion w^ith them : the clergy were in favor of inoculation, and most fortunate and happy results crowned his genius and their prescience. In 1730 about 4000 cases of small pox occured; one- tenth of whom were inoculated : at this time, it carried off about 500. In 1752 it again appeared amongst the then 15,684 inhabitants : 7669 were supposed to have then received the disease : many of the citizens remov. ed from the town, and all residents but 174, had it either by inoculation or the natural way : 2124 were treated by the first method, of whom 30 died ; 5545 were seized with it, of whom 539 died : it again made ravages in the years 1764, 1776, and 1778; but with less painful cir- cumstances : from 1811 to 1820, but six deaths occurred by small pox: from 1821 to 1830, eight deaths : from 1831 to 1838 thirty nine deaths, and those mostly at Rainsford Island ; a law was then in force for removing all infected persons with small pox, to the hospital at thai place : and they were treated with proper care and atten- tion, and on that healthy spot they were generally re- stored ; in 1836, a resistance was made to that law as be- ing unconstitutional, which occasioned its repeal ; and ]54 in 1839 sixty deaths occurred : in 1840, 115 deaths, and since then, about 200 have died with it. 182 deaths oc- curred by small pox in 1850 in Boston. Vaccination with the virus from. Cow-pock matter, was a discovery made by Dr. Jenner of England, and intro,- duced here about the year 1800, by Dr. Benj. Water- house, which proved an effectual substitute for, and pre- ventive against the small pox: life is not endangered by it or the face disfigured, and the city authorities have made provision for a free vaccination of all who apply for it by the Port Physician, who safely operated on 3965 persons, during the years 1844 and 5 ; in 1846, on 5592; and in 1847 on 1263; and the cases examined with a view to test a safety from previous vaccination, have equalled the above in number — the cases of small pox which came under the care of the Port physician in 1846 were 142, and in 1847^ 71. THE MOST PROMINENT AND IMPORTANT FIRES WHICH HAVE OCCURRED IN THE CITY SINCE 1823. 1824. June 20. — Fire burst out from Andrew Morton's stable, on Hawley street, near to Trinity Church ; and so rapid was its destruction, that the stable, with 15 horses and a cow, were consumed. The houses of Samuel Billings and Dr. Jeffries were burnt out, and Mr. Mor- ton's house much injured. Supposed to be the work of an incendiary. Insured for $7,000. June 23. — Fire burst forth from the fourth story of the extensive Type and Stereotype Foundry of T. H. Carter & Co., on Salem street, next to Christ Church. The third and fourth stories were burned out, and the second story greatly damaged. Loss $60,000 ; Insurance $40,000. July 7— At 1 o'clock P. M., an accidental fire occur- red in a carpenter's shop on Charles street, between Chestnut and Beacon streets. The wind from the west was nearly a gale, with the speed of fifty miles per hour ; the flames quickly grappled with a block of brick dwellings on Charles street, to a block on Chestnut 155 street, and to one on Beacon street. The heat, smoke and flames, with a large supply of wind-dust, rendered the labors of the firemen and citizens almost futile ; and serious apprehensions arose that the whole of Beacon st. would be laid low. Lanes of men were formed to the Frog Pond and also to the Mill-dam Basin, for passing water to the engines, by fire-buckets. The houses in ianger, were covered thickly with carpets, blankets, &c., which held the water played upon them ; and itius, by :he best exertions of wi-dom, prudence and industry, .ts rage was stayed. Sixteen valuable buildings, with many out-buildings and barns, were burned. The Com- mon, after the fire, presented the sad spectacle of ele- gant costly furniture, dama^d and broken by an impe- uous removal from an extensive range of buildings on 3eacon street and its precincts. The loss was estimated It upwards of $150,000: insurance S40,000. Burning lakes were blown to the easterly extent of Bedford st., iring several buildings in their path, but stayed from erious damage, by timely attention and an application )f the water-cure discipline. : 1825. April 17. -At 10)4 P.M., fire burst from a wooden building on Doane street, occupied in part, by ,iMr. Purkitt. Inspector General of Fish, which destroyed iix store- houses on State street, most of the south row of mildings on Doane street, and all ihe stores on the east ide of Kilby street, as 'far as Commercial Coffee House, )eing about sixty buildings. Loss npwards of 8500,000, 1825. Nov. 10. — Fire burst forth from a building on /Ourt street, and destroyed nine large brick buildings .nd several wooden dwellings on both sides of Court St., :om Tudor's corner to Washington street. Law books at cost of $20,000 were destroyed. 1829. Fires 88 ; False Alarms 46. Jan. 11. — A building on Dock square, occupied by Brooks & Co. and others, was on fire about 11 A. M. -OSS about $25,000, nearly covered by insurance. A i56 man named Fitzgerald, of Engine Co. 14, died in conse- quence of exertions at this fire ; he was buried at the city's expense, and $50 given to his orphan daughter. 21. — The property of Perez Loring, on Essex street, was destroyed by fire. Four previous attempts had been made to fire the same property. Nov. 29. — A fire broke out at 1 o'clock P. M., from a building near the corner of Summer street, and ex- tended to some buildings in its rear, which were des- troyed. M. and H. 1 . Salisbury and seven others were the occupants. The loss was about S30,000. 1830. Fires 63 , False Alarms 24. Sunday, Jan. 31. — Rev. fr. Beecher's meeting-house, on Hanover street, took fire from a defect in the furnace flue ; and was destroyed. Loss about $30,000. Aug. 24. — The machine shop of J. B. Holmes, Pitts street, was on fire at 3 1-2 o'clock P. M., which spread to a carpenter's shop, and to a block of three two-story wooden dwelling houses. Loss about $3000 ; Insurance $1,400. 1831. Fires 25 ; False Alarms 18. May 4. — A building on Broad street, occupied by L. Maynard, Baker, and seven Irish Families, was des- troyed. Five lives were lost. Damage $5,000 dollars j no insurance. June 4. — South Boston Bridge was set on fire. Dani' age $100. Dec. 25. — A fire broke out at midnight, in the build- ing 362 Washington street, occupied by Grifiin & Co., Printers. Loss $18,000 ; Insurance $14,500. 1833. Fires 30 : False Alarms 60. Amount of loss $61,863 34, Insurance $24,078 34. Jan. 14. — The New England Museum, Court stree . was damaged by fire to the amount of $4,000 ; covereu by insurance. ^ July 4. — A building occupied by Blish & Foster, anJ 157 others, was broken into and set on fire, at 1 o'clock A.M. Loss $4,000 ; no insurance. James Brown's Cooper's shop, Spear's wharf, was burned, and a brig with two schooners, nearly destroyed. Loss $10,000; no insurance. July 7, 11 o'' clock P. M. — A carpenters' shop occupied by Mr. Washburn, a brick dwelling, the ressidence of Ebenezer Davis, the Warren Hotel and stables attached to it, and two sixteen- feet wooden houses, on Friend st., were destroyed by tire. Loss $17,250 ; insurance $9,550. Supposed to be the work of an incendiary, Nov. 21. — The City Hall building, head of State st., took fire by sparks from a building opposite, lodging under the slating of the roof. Loss $3,500 ; no insurance. 1833. Fires 71, False Alarms 42, Losses $89,970, Insurance $57,040. Jan. 18. — Several ten-foot buildings and carpenters' shops, situated on Portland street, were destroyed by fire. Loss $5,000 ; insured $1,000. While this fire was raging, the grocery of Clement Williams, corner of Fed- eral and High streets, was entered and set on fire by Joel Thayer, who was caught in the act by watchmen Beaton and Davis. Jan. 20, 7 ohlock A. M, — The sugar-house of Wm. !T. Andrews, Atkinson street, burned down. Loss $17,- 000 ; Insurance $9,000. July 2. — A building occupied by Manasseh Knight, Griffin & Co., and others, 45 Washington street, took fire from a stove in the attic. Several members of the fire department were severely injured by slates falling ifrom the roof. Sept. 23. — A fire broke out in engine house No. 10, on Union street, which communicated to several wooden buildings extending into North Federal court. Loss $7,000; Insurance $4,650. Nov. 1. — A fire was discovered at 4 A.M., at 164 14 158 Washington street, in a building occupied by Samuel H, Parker and three others. Loss $27.000 ; insurance $21,000. 1834. Fires 36, False Alarms 42, Losses $36,640. April 14. — Six three-story wooden dwellings on D. street, South Boston, were destroyed by fire. Loss SlO,000; Insurance $3,000. August 30. — ■ The brass foundry of Oliver Fernald, on Cross street^ was destroyed by fire. Loss $7000; no insurance. 1835. Fires 55, False Alarms 53. Jan. 6. — The dwelling of Henry Oxnard, near the State House, was on fire at 2}^ P. M., occasioned by the furnace of an adjoining building, igniting a quantity of charcoal in the cellar. Damage about $2,000 ; in- sured. Albert G. Dawes, clerk of 18, was severely injured by falling through the cellar floor. Jan. 14, 10 3-4 o^dock, A. M. — Fire broke out from the distil-house of Mr. Bowland, Distil-house square, which communicated to the dwelling of Mr. French. Loss $11,000 ; insurance $6,000. Jan. 18. — Fire commenced at 4 1-2 P. M., in a car- penters' shop on Blackstone street, caused by a spirit- lamp bursting. The flames spread to several of the adjacent buildings on Cross and Pond streets, which were destroyed. Loss $50,000 ; Lisured $24,000. So much for one spirit-lamp scrape. Seft. 24. — A baker's shop on Court street, took fire. The flames spread to the neighboring stores, occupied by seven persons. Loss $8,000 : Insurance $6,000. October 23. — A house in Soath-street Place, tenanted by Irish families, was set on fire by Crockett and Russell, who were convicted of the crime, and hanged March 16, 1836. Nov, 20. — A house occupied by Irish families, on Hobbs' wharf, burned down, and a woman and child perished in the flames. 159 1836. Alarms 208, False Alarms 70. Alarms out of the city 27; losses s?151^635; insur- ance $62,800. Supposed number of incendiary fires 44. April 6, — The India Rubber factory on Pitts-street Court, was burned at 3 P. M. The fire caused by up- setting a barrel of turpentine. Loss $20,000, April 21, — The store of Libby, Congress street, was burned out. Loss $16,000, 1837. Fires 12G, False Alarms 34. 31ay 4, — Hollis-street Church w-as struck by light- ning, and again on June 5th. Damage of small amount. July 3. — The State House on Beacon street, was set on fire in the dome ; but as speedily extinguished. July 15, 6 O'clock. — Ship Dalmalia lying at Towne's whart, was struck by lightning; and burnt. Loss $30,000 ; Insurance $20,000, September, 1837 to September, 1838. Department called out 105 times. Losses $32^052; Insurance $20,138. May 29, — A house occupied by Mr. Harmon and others, corner of Suffolk and Dover streets. Loss $4,000; Insurance $2,500. A man coniined to his room by sick- ness burned to death. September, 1838 to September, 1839. Department called out 96 times. Loss $140,004 ; In- surance $61,791. Dec. 17. — A sawmill was burned out near Roxbury line. Loss $25,000 ; Insurance $5,000. Dec. 19, — A house corner of Grove and Southac streets, was burned down. Two women were badly injured, and two others perished in the flames, Jan. 24, — Fire broke out in the night, at Turner and Haskill's foundry, Haverhill street. It spread with sreat rapidity, and destroyed about twenty buildings^ chiefly occupied as mechanics' shops. Loss $70,640 ; Insurance $21,900. The night was extremely cold, and a number of men were severely frost-bitten. 160 April 26, — The Howard House was discovered to be on file. Several of the inmates nairowly escaped with their lives. Loss $5,700; Insurance $1,200. June 14. — A building on India street, occupied by Josiah Marshall and others, was burnt. Loss $20,400 ; nearly covered by insurance. A member of Engine Company 5^ was seriously injured by slates from the roof. September, 1839 to September, 1840. Department called out 113 times. Losses $77,973 ; Insurance $58,632. Feb. 15. — A building on Central street, occupied by Isaac Waters and two others, were destroyed by fire. Loss $6,000 ; nearly covered by insurance. April 22. — The bake-house of the House of Correc- tion, at South Boston, was burnt. Loss $4,000. September, 1840 to September, 1841. Department called out 140 times. Losses $102,920; Insurance $36,920. Dec. 6. — Fire broke out from the building owned by the Warren Associates, South Boston. Loss $9,000. The fire caused by the bursting of a flue. Dec. 18. — A house burnt out on Hanover Avenue, and two children were burned to death, Jan. 28. < — A building occupied by S. H. Beal, and others, was set fire to by a man named Mariott, who was convicted of the crime and sent to the State Prison. Loss $6,000 ; Insured. July 5. — Several buildings on Orange lane and Cas- tle streets, comprising shops and dwelling-houses, were burnt down. Loss $3,700 ; partially insured. September, 1841 to September, 1842. Department called out 194 times. Losses $90,008 ; Insurance $44,533, Jan. 25. — A building belonging to the Eastern Rail Road Company, East Boston, was destroyed by fire. Loss $14000 ; no insurance. 16.1 March 29. — Buildings occupied %y Oliver Tenny and eighteen others, on Atkinson street, were burnt to the ground. The fire originated in a. large wooden buikl- ing used for storing cotton. Loss $13,230; Insurance $3,480. April 28. — Fire broke out in the premises of R. Love- joy, and spread to several other buildings on Pleasant, and Washington streets and Oak Place. Loss $40,465.; Insurance $22,506. Supposed work of an incendiary. September^ 1842 to September, 1843. Department called out 232 times. Losses s?1.28,6&6 ; Insurance $90,086. Oct. 21. The steamer North America, lyimg at Long Wharf, was destroyed by fire. Loss $10,272 ; insured. Jan. 31. — A building situated -on the corner of Black- stone and Ann streets, with seven occupants, took fire from a stove. Loss $5,166; Insured $4,716. Feb. 7. — Fire broke out from a building on India st,, occupied by Thomas Crehore and 'Others, caused by tim- ber being built iruo the flue of the chimney. Loss $6,- 765 ; partly insured. March 25.— A building at the corner of Wa&hingtoa and School streets, took fire, and was partially destroyed. Loss $18,450 ; insurance $14,050. A man and two boys were severely injured by the gutter falling on them. June A. — A number of tenements on Federal street and Theatre Alley, owned by the heirs of the late Ben- jamin Dearborn, were destroyed by fire. Loss $3,000-; Insured $500. September, 1843 to September, 1844. The Department was called out 267 times; Losses $184,083 ; Insurance 95,352. June 25. — Fire burst out from the Steam Planing Mill of Hamilton & Co., Washington street, and destroy- ed twenty buildings, including the Franklin School House. Loss $64,766 ; Insurance $29,666. i4» 162 Aug. 18. — Fire broke out from the carpenter's shop of Samuel Jepson, South Margin street, and extended with great rapidity to other buildings • about 20 were wholly or partially destroyed. Loss estimated at $60,^ 000 ; on the stock no insurance ; the buildings were in- sured for $19,100. Septemberj 1844 to September, 1845. The Department was called out 223 times ; Losses $231^191 ; Insurance !$172,840. Sept 11. — The stable of John E. Brown, rear of Water street, in Congress square, was set fire to ; the flames extended to Water street, with damage to several build- ings. Loss $5,300 ; Insurance $3,200. Nov. 12. — A building occupied by Edward Brinley and others, on Dock square^ was destroyed. Loss $5 1,500; Insurance $47,500. May 11. — A fire broke out in Church street, and ex- tended to Piedmont street and before it was conquered, had destroyed twenty-fife buildings. Loss $31,750; Insurance $18,100. May 24, — Leverett street Jail was set on fire, by a boy named Leonard A. Wise, who was sent to the House of Reformation. Damage $500, Aug. 15.— The hotel and stable of Lucius Doolittle, Brattle square, were set fire to ; damages $8000 : William G. Roulstone and Emerson G, Thompson, Firemen, were killed by the falling of a wall ; several others were se- riously injured by exertions to save the horses. September, 1845 to September, 1846. The Department was called out 289 times ; Losses $226,338; insurance $155,305. Sept. 14. —The Suffolk Lead Works in Gold street, South Boston, consisfing of five buildings, together with six dwelling houses were consumed, and a row of dwell- ing houses considerably damaged. Loss $49,050 ; In- 103 Jan. 22. — Lyman School House and two dwelling houses in Meridian street, East Boston, were consumed. Loss 18,150 , Insurance 1,800. Feb. 23. — The Millerite Tabernacle, site of the Athen- aeum (Theater) on Howard street, was completely destroy- ed by fire. Loss $7,050 ; partially insured. September 1846 to September 1847. The Department was called out 270 times ; Losses $172,993; Insurance $87,159. Dec. 1. — The ^^ Diamond Block," Hanover street, was set on fire. Damage $13,000 ; Insurance $7,850. Jan. 21. — A fire at 10 1-2 P.M. broke out in the " Nep- tune Bowling Saloon," Haverhill street, and spread with the utmost rapidity, destroying upwards of 80 buildings — dwelling houses, stables and mechanics' shops ; em- bracing the square bounded by Haverhill, Causeway, Medford and Traverse streets. Loss $65,630; Insur- ance $26,000. ^priZ 13. — The dwelling house of Rev. E. M. P. Wells, was destroyed by fire ; a poor old man named Tucker perished in the flames. Loss $7,000. Insured. September, 184T to September, 1848. The Department was called out 282 times; Fires 150 ; False alarms 132; Losses $222,273 ; Insurance $162,885: March 10. — A block of buildings on Washington street, near State street, occupied by Damrell & Moore, Printers, and 16 others, were destroyed. Loss $73,100; Insurance $39,435. Jul^ 12. — The stable of Cook & Adams, with fourteen buildings were consumed by fire. Loss $32,069 ; Insur- ance $13,644. September 1848 to September. 1849. The Department was called out 339 times ; 208 Fires: 131 False alarms ; Losses $300,525 ; insurance $216,992; September 8. — The Catholic Church on Broadway, South Boston, was destroyed by fire. Loss $70,000. In- surance $43j000. 16i November 9. — A fire broke out in buildings 103 and 105 Hanover street. The Quochituat water, was applied for the first time, at this place, by Engine Com'y No. 18. February 26. — 19 unfinished houses, on Lenox street, were fired, and consumed. Loss $10,000; Insurance $5000. September 1849 to September 1850. The Department was called out 242 times; Fires 143; False Alarms 99 ; Losses !!f;i23,920; Insurance $59,777. Dec. 9. — Headley & Spaulding's stable with several contiguous buildings were burned down. Loss $10,786 ; Insurance $5,286. July 7. — A large wooden building occupied by C. C. Page, and twelve others on Second street, South Boston, were destroyed by fire. Loss $26,400 ; Insurance $6,200. Nov. 5. — A conflagration took place at the extensive building owned, and occupied as a store-house, by the Boston & Maine Rail Road Co., and Harrold & Furnace, as a mahogany warehouse, on Causeway street. Loss on the building $23,000; railway merchandise $92,332 ; Insurance $10^000 ; Harrold & Furnace's Loss $38,100 Insurance $20,000. THE MILLER TABERNACLE. A singular shaped one story building, with an eleva- ted roof, was erected on Howard street, Boston, and dedi- cated May 4th, 1843, by a special class of worshippers of Deity, who had mathematically calculated the exact day and hour when the Son of God would appear to them ; — when this globe would melt with fervent heat, and the glory of the Lord be seen and enjoy«d by them with an exclusive joy. Thousands and tens of thousands of deluded mortals in this country and in England, were impatiently looking forward for the great day, when they only were to be called for righteousness, and to ascend bodily to the triune God -head ; but when the stated time arrived, it passed off with nature's smoothest 165 grace, save only the sound of unusual screams and ex- clamations of those weak and noisy disciples, many of whom lost the balance of their reasoning powers, and became inmates of an insane hospital ; and many more as recklessly wasted their property and substance, who are struggling in the morass of poverty, or what is tanta- mount to it, in the labyrinths of the law, trying to get it back again. About a year after the first great ex- citement, they prophesied a second specified time, and the deluded followers prepared ascension robes to pass from earth to Heaven in ; and again the only commotion was among themselves. Hundreds of these unfortunate fanatics have been in the Hospitals ; and in the official report from that of Worcester, the number there on ac- count of religious frenzies, nearly equals the number caused by intemperance: yet the leaders of this party, continue to cry aloud on their unholy ground, theic knowledge of the determined doings of the Lord, and continue that excitement, notwithstanding the extensive ruin they have already caused to many individuals, and to the cause of a rational and peaceful religion, which acquiesces in the works of Providence with a grateful happy spirit, and which forestalls not the designs of God with impious threats, if their particular code is not ac- knowledged to be, at least equal, to that of the Divine Law-giver. Soon after the latter time of disappointed hope deferr- ed, they let their building to a company of Ethiopian Singers and Banjo players ; after which, on the 13th of October, 1845, it was opened for Theatrical performances and in a little time it was burnt down to the ground. On that site now stands the Athenaeum Theatre. MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY Is situated 4^^ miles west from Boston or 1^ miles beyorld Harvard University. The grounds comprise 110 i^ acres of beautiful wood- land, variegated with almost every character of forest 166 trees, elevated hills and ponds: — In 1831 it was conse- crated as a Garden Cemetery, and its magniticent ap- pearance at this lime, anay claim for it the additional title of Sculptured Cemetery, ^s the ills. OLD STATE HOUSE. Ta-e 1G9. MERCHANT'S EXCHANGE. Pago 143. 169 Dr. Mather stated that three hundred human sculls had been dug up on the east side of Mount Vernon, when he was a youth. John 'Josselyn visited Boston in 1638, and again in 1663: he published an account of the place, and although he has been often quoted as good authority, very little de- pendence can be placed on any of his statements ; he describes the N. E. Moose thus, at page 270. '• A crea- ture or rather you will, a monster of superfluity : A full grown Moose is many times bigger than a English Oxe, their horns very big and branchlet out into palms, the tips whereof are sometimes found to be two fathoms (12 feet) assunder, and in height, from the toe of the fore feet to the pitch of the shoulder twelve foot, both of which hath been taken by some of my sceptique readers to be monstrous lyes : of the Porcupine, at page 274, he says " The Porcupine, likewise I have treated of, only this I forgot to acquaint you with, that they lay eggs and are good meat," The Old State House is at the western end of State street : this site first served for the location of the first public market : at about 1670, the spot was covered by a State House, being in part built by a bequest of £500 left for that purpose by Capt. Robert Keayne, commander of the Ancient and Honorable Arfillery Company; deceased in 1656, which served for the meetings of the Legisla- ture till 1795: the Main Guard of the British troops was stationed there March 5, 1770, — The subscription Ship- ping Telegraph is in the Lantern of the building. REPORT OF THE LADIES' SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF EDUCATION AT THE WEST. The Fifth annual meeting of the Ladies Society was held at the house of Samuel Johnson, Esq., 24 Pember- ton square, Boston, Feb. 1st, 1850. Twenty-three teachers have been provided for by this society the past year, eighteen from the state, making in all forty-one. They have reported the hopeful conversion of one hundred and 15 170 forty-four scholars in the day schools ; and nearly two hundred Western young ladies have been fitted for teachers of common schools, and many more are now in a course of training for the same honorable employ- ment. Rule 1st. Ladies wishing to go out for the Ladies Socie- ty, must be members of Orthodox Congregational Church- es in New England. They are not expected to be less than seventeen, nor more than thirty-six years of age; no candidate accepted without the consent of parents or guardian. 2nd. Offers of services and testimonials from ladies wishing to go West in the Autumn, must be sent to the Committee through the Secretary during April, May and June ; and those wishing to go in the Spring must send in October, November and December. The Ex-Com- mittee meet on the second Thursday of those months, to accept and designate teachers. 3d. This society furnishes teachers for such locations as are named in applications ; it has no power to choose them, or to transfer a teacher from one location to another. It is therefore desirable that candidates be willing to go where their talents and acquirements promise the great- est usefulness. 4th. The society pay traveling expenses, and aid in an outfit for one year to those destitute of means. Beyond this, the society does not become responsible: everything will be found in this notice which a candidate may require to know before offering her services ; therefore, if letters of inquiry are as numerous as heretofore, a Re- port containing similar information will be forwarded in- stead of a letter. The Reports may be had gratuitously by persons wishing to become acquainted with our rules and operations, at No. 13 Cornhill, Boston. 5th. The constitution does not provide for refunding the traveling expenses ; but when a good salary is paid, a teacher naturally wishes to remit, and she can do it any time in the form of a donation^ but not as a debt. Teachers are not required for any given time, but un- 171 less a lady intends teaching two or three years, would she use the society's money to travel to a distant portion of the country? and if married within a year after she commences a school, ought she not to remit a sum sutii- cient to convey a teacher to the school she leaves 1 6th. Weighty responsibility rests upon those who re- commend teachers to the Ladies Society; no lady should be recommended who does not possess /rm principles, consistent piety, good common sense, and a practical mind. 7th. Persons residing in the West who wish for female teachers from the Ladies Society, are requested to send for them as early as possible before they wish the school to be opened. Many applicants have failed of a teacher by requiring them to start at too short notice ; several ladies also have failed of a situation ihey wanted, from delaying to offer their services, or failing to be ready at the time required. Teachers have been recently called for, competent to teach the Piano skilfully— French, Italian, Drawing, Painting and fancy work, with the common and higher English branches. The salaries corresponding to the branches required : For vocal and instrumental music, French, Italian, Painting, etc. Jive hundred dollars and hoard is offered in a healthy and pleasant location. For Music and French, Painting and English, four hundred, and down to one hundred with board. The Treasury is overdrawn and a small debt incurred. The friends of the cause are requested to solicit sub- scriptions and forward to the Treasurer, Mrs.S. D. War- ren, 1 1 Bulfinch street, Boston. PUBLIC BATHS AND WASH-HOUSE FOR THE POOR. A Company for establishing a cheap Bath and Wash- house was Incorporated in 1850, and will probably ac- complish the intent of their formation the approaching Spring ; all approximations to cleanliness bespeak health and strength to the laboring and poor classes, and the plan now proposed by our vigilant City Marshal, Francis Tukey, Esq. meets the hearty approbation of the citizens. 172 ANCIENT AND MODERN NAMES OF THE STREETS IN BOSTON, WITH A MAP OF BOSTON FOR 1722. I. The Streets from the Fortification over the draw bridge (Hanover St.) to Hudson's Point (Thompson's wharf,) at the north end. From the gate to Eliot"s cor. (Essex st.) Orange st. . present name. To Bethune's corner, (West st.) Newbury st. / At this time they To Haugh's corner, (School St.) Marlborough St. 1 are all Wash- To Colson's stone house, (Dock Square) Cornhill. ^ ington street. To Sun Tavern, (Corn ct.) thence to Jackson's ) -p, , cam*, nnw and Brooks' corners and back to Hutchinson's. ( ^^^^^ ^^- ^^"^^ "°^* From Jackson's corner, (Ann st.) over the draw bridge . All Ami St. to the Cross Tavern, . . . • Ann st. Thence to the Swan Tavern, near Scarlet's wf. Fish st To the North Battery, .... Ship st. •' To the old Ferry way at Hudson's point, (Thomp- ) Commercial son's wharf) Lyn st. . . - . j street. II. Streets from Frog Lane, (Boylston st.) at the .south end of the com- mon, over the Mill bridge, (Hanover st.) to Lyn st. (Commercial) From Frog Lane (Boylston st.) to Clarke's cor. Common st. Trem't st. Thence by Jekyl's to the orange tree, (Court st.) Tramount St. Trem. r To the Mill bridge, (Hlackslone st.) Hanover St. J .n To Clarke's corner, (Prince st.) Middle st. [ tjqnover st Thence across Lyn street to the sea. North street. ) III. The Streets, Lanes and Alleys branching from the Streets above reckoning from the southward. 1. From Orange street. Crossing Orange street, both east and west Castle st. The same. Running north-westerly by the new church. Harvard st. HoUis st. Opposite to Harvard st. (Hollis) to the sea, Bennet st. S. Bennel st. The next running east to the sea, .... Hollis st Harvard st. The ftext running east by Loring's to the sea. Beach st. The same. From Welles' cor. west to the sea, ) t7,„ ,„ tj^,.!,.. ,. at the bottom of the Common } Frog lane, Boylston st. Eliot's cor. east, to Windmill Point, - - Essex St. The same. 2. Leading from Newbury st. From BarrilFs corner, west, to the Common, Sheafs lane. Avery st, Betw'n Blin's and Durant's, N. W. to Common, Hogg alley. Built on From Cowell's corner, west to the Common, West st. The same. Wheeler's corner to Blind lane, - - Pond st. Bedford st. Ellis' corner, north-west to the Common, AVinier st. The same. Bethune's corner, east to the sea, - - Summer st. The same. 3. Leading from Marlboro' st. (Washington) From Brisco's cor. N.W. to Common st. Rawson's lane. Bromfield st. South Church corner, easlwardly to the sea, 1 t,^-,. ,, rp, ^ ,„^„ formerly Fort st - - - - } Miik st. The same, From Hallowel's corner in Milk St. S.E. ) n,,,^„,„.,^u vu^ .^^^ by S. Battery to Gibb's lane, - - j Batterymarch. The same BON_NER'S i\l\p of iDilStOll tOlil) > SoiUft Crrtmmur i 173 Haug^i's corner N.W. to "Whitcomb's cor. School st. The same. Thence by the north side of the Common to sea, Beacon »t. do. 4. Leading from CornhiM, (Washinirton) From Clarke's corner, east to JolliflV' lane, Spring lane. The same. Phillip's corner, east to Mackril lane, - AVater st. The same. Webster's Arch, westM-ard. - - Savage's ct. Williams' ct. Round the old Church, (Joy's Building) Church sq. Cornhill sq.. From W. end of the Town house, E.to Long wht'. King st. State st. Deering's corner, N.W. to the orange tree, - Queeji st. Court st Thence north to the end of Cold lane, Jon .mi (Portland St.) to the Mill pond. i } Sudl'uiy st- The same. The way leading trom Bill and Smith's ) Hiwkins st The same corner nito Cambridge st. - - / iiawKuis st. i ne same. 5. Leading from Dock Square. From Sun tavern, east to Merchants' row, CornMark't. Fan. Hall sq. Between Hutchin.5on's and Colson, to Brattle ^ ( Part St., thence south to Queen st. (Court) and J Brattle st. | Franklin north to Wing's lane, (pjim St.) ) ( Avenue. From Pollard's cor. Brattle st. W. to Green 1 TTn^,^ i,..,., n^^,,}^ , and Walker's cor. in Queen st. (Court) j ^'"^"^ ^'"^^- ^^^"^^ •^^' From Brooks' corner, west to Hanover st. Wing's lane. Elm st. From the Conduit at Dock head N.W. cross- ) tt,,;«v. c tko ^.,,^^ ing Hanover st, to the Mill pond. . } Union st. The same 6. Leading from Ann street. From Pitts' corner round on the dock ) t^- . atot-i-^. ivr tw„,i.„« „. to Pitts' wharf. . - - } Fish Market. N. Market st. Checkley's entry, N.W. to Creek lane, Scottow's alley. Scott alley Tyler's corners to the wharffes, Svvingbridge lane. Part of Merch. r. Simpkins' corner, east to the wharife, Royal's alley. Blackstone st. Tyler's corner, west to Middle st. Paddy's alley. N. Centre st. Allen's cor. east lo the wood wharffe, Wentworth's lane. Barrett st. At north end of Ann st. from the sea N.W. to ) p,,„^, „, m „ the Mill pond (Hay Market sq.) - - } ^'""^^ ^^- ^'^^ ^^"^*^- 7. Leading from Fish street. From Dr. Clarke's cor. N.W. to Middle st. Gallop's al'y. Mechanic al Edward's corner, N.W. to Middle st. Wood lane. Richmond st. Mountford's corner by the east side of ) ,-- . mu N. Church* to Flelt St. - - } Moon st. The same. Gardner's corner, N.W. to the N. Church, Sun Court, The same. At the north end of Fish sl. from Scarlet's whf 1 t^i , , rr^ur to the upper end of Middle st. ( Hanover) . } ^^^^^ ^^- ^^^ same 8. Leading from Ship street. From Richards' corner west, by 'new ) r?^^,^,. „, r-i i . N. Church to North .street - } Foster st. Clark st. Bill's corner, west to North st. - - Whitebread al. Bartlett st. Salutation tavern, west to North .?t. Salutation al. The same. Parkman's corner, west to North st. - Battery al. Battery st. * The Church referred to, was the second Church in Boston, in the North Square, which was slaved to pieces by the British, in 1774, for the benefit of fuel. 15* 174 I Greenotigh's al. The same. 9. L«ending from Lyn street. Through Greeuough's ship yard, S. W. to Charter street. From Aves' corner, S. to Charter st. Henchman's lane. The same. By Williams' S.VV. to Charter St. - Sliding alley. Foster st. From Atkins' lime kiln S.W. to N. burying place. Lime al. Lime st. 10. Leading from Hanover street. From Harris' corner N.W. to iVIill pond, Cold lane. Portland st. Ballantine's cor. S. to Fitch's c. iu Union St. Marshal's 1. Marshall st. Star tavern, north to the mill, ... Lhik alley. Union st. IL Leading from Middle street. From the mill bridge, N. to Gee's cor. in Prince st. Backst. Salem st. AVales' corner to Back street, ... Beer lane. Cross st. Morrill's cor. N.W. to Charlestown ferry. Prince st. The same. AVadsworth's cor. east to N. Church, (N. Square) Bell alley. Prince st End of Middle st. N.W. to Salem st, Bennet st. North Bennet st. 12. Leading from North street. From Stephen's cor. N.W. to Salem st. Love lane. Tileston st. Rainsford's corner, running by N. side of the ) charter st. The same burying place to lerry way. - - 1 From Ruck's corner in Charter st. W. to Harrod's cor. in Prince st. - - IV. Other cross streets and Lanes. 1. From South end to Dock Square. Leading from Essex st. S.W. to Beach st. Rainsford's 1. The next running north to Pond st. Cro.ssing the east end of E.-^sex st. from ) Hill's w^harffe, north to Summer st. j Leading from Summer st. iVom Clarke's cor. ) N.W. to Brown's corner in Milk st. ) From the new South Church W. to Pond st. Mercy's corner, N. E. to Fort hill. The ropewalk running N. E. out of Summer St. to Batterymarch. . - . - The bottom of Summer st. S. to Windmill point, Sea st. The same. From the bottom of Summer st. N E by ) piounder 1. Broad st. Ihejsea and running to the ropewalk, j 1. Crooked alley. Salem st. The same. • Short St. South St. Harrison a. The same. The same. Bishop's al. Hawley st. Blind lane. Bedford st. Cow lane. High st, 1 Belcher's 1. High st. ■Ways leading from Belcher's ?ajie N. to Cow laiie. Ways leading from Ccw lane north to Milk street. Ways leading from Long lane into Atkinson st. easterly. Gray's lane. Gridley's lane. Tilley"s lane, Gibb's lane. 1. Long lane, 2. Atkinson st. 3. Hutchinson st, 4. Oliver st, !1. Round lane. 2. Bury st. Brick alley. Atkinson st. Gridiey st. Pearl st. Belmont st. Federal st. The same. Pearl st. The same. Williams st. Channijig, St. 173 From Ronnd lane N. into Bury st. Sister st. The same. From N. E. side of Fort Hill to Batterymarch, Sconce I. Hamilton st. ^ 1. Jolliff's lane, part Devon, st. Ways from Milk st..E.to Water st V 2. Tanner's lane. Bath st. ) 3. Cooper's alley. Kilby st. From Drummer's corner, in School st. ) ^ ; i rr.i, S. W. to Rawson's lane, } Governor's al. The same. From Beacon st. N.W. to Allen's orchard, Davies lane. Walnut st. From Alford's corner to Century hill, Cenlury st. Belknap St. From Beacoil st. north to Cambridge st. George st. The same. ) 1. Pudding 1, Devonshire st. Ways from King St. S. to Water st > 2. Leverett's 1. Congress st. )3. Mackrill. Kilby st. From Maccarty's corner turning into Pudding lane. Half Court sq. From Mackril lane, east to the dock, - Lobster alley. Doane st. From Mackril I.E. by Hallovvel's whf to the sea, Crab I. The same. From King si. northerly to Dock sq. } J' iT"t^"!' '^"f- J^l '^"'•'•, ° ■' ^ }2. bhnmpton s 1. Exchange st. From King st. into Corn Market, Peirce's alle^. Change al. From Faneuil'.s cor. round to Wood- -nr _,i,„„.) mi mansies M^harffe, - - - Merchant s row. The same 2. From orange tree in Queen street to the western part of the town, leading from Sudbury st. north-west. From Bowdoin's corner west, Southac's court. Howard st. Emmon's cor. running by the windmill to the sea, Camb'ge st. Same Leading out of Cambridge st. S.W. to Howard >t. Stoddard's 1. Same The new way leading N. E. from Cambridge st. J . , , , , o by Copeliii's into Sudbury st. - - - \ ^^'^^'^^ '• ^^™«- From Welle's cor. N.W. to Barton's point, Green st. The same. Leading from Cambridge st. north ) J' Staniford st. ^ into Green st - - - i^' Ly"de st. [ The same. mtoureenst. ) 3. Chamber st. ) From Green St. N. E. to the raillpond, - Gooch lane. Gooch st. 3. From Dock square to the north end, leading from Union st. From Royal's house, W. _ . - Minot's court. Scott ct. Webb's corner, east to Creek lane, Marsh lajie. The same. Bow's corner, east to do. - - - Salt lane. The same. From Jephson's cor. in MarshaPs lane, ><-,,, r^ , east to Scouow's alley, - - '} Creek lane. Creek sq. From N. W. end of Cross St. by the millpond \ ^^ia t^ j- » . side north, -.---. } OM way. Endicot st. The space on south side of the north Church. Clark's sq. North sq. From Bell alley cor. north to Fleet st. Garden court. The same. Fron^ Salem st. N.W. to Snow st. } ^ ^^^f^^ ^'- The same. From Travis' cor. to Prince sL N. to Hudson's pt Snow st. Snowh'I The number of streets are 60. Lanes 41. Alleys 18. Besides Squares Courts, &c. 176 LAWS AGAINST QUAKERS. A law against Quakers, was published in Boston by- beat of drum, bearing date Oct. 14, 1656. The pream- ble is couched in emphatic language, viz : ''Whereas there is a cursed set of heretics lately risen up in the world, which are commonly called Quakers, who take upon themselves to be immediately sent of God, &c." The Statute inflicts afine of £100, upon any person who brings one of them into any harbor, creek, or cove, and compels him to carry such Quaker away : the Quaker to be put in the House of Correction and severely whipped : no person to speak to a quaker ] £5 penalty for importing, dispersing or concealing any book contain- ing their devilish opinions; 40 shillings for maintaining such opinions, and £4 for persisting ; — and the House of Correction and banishment for still persisting. Hazard II. p. 589, gives an extract from the law for the special punishment of two Quakers, Peter Pearson, and Judah Brown, —That they shall by the constable of Boston, be forthwith taken out of the Prison, and stripped from the girdle upwards, by the executioner, tied to a cart's tail and whipped through the town with twenty stripes: then carried to Roxbury and delivered to the constable there, who is also, to tye them or cause them to be tied in like manner to the cart's tail, and again whip them thro' the town with ten stripes : and then carried to Dedham and delivered to the constable there, who is again in like manner to cause them to be tied to a cart's tail and whipped with ten stripes through the towm, and thence they are immediately to depart the jurisdic- tion, at their peril. The Legislative disignation of the Quakers was Quaker rogues, heretics, accursed ranters and vagabonds. In 1657, Hutchinson T. p. 107. " An additional law was made by which all persons were subjected to a pen- alty of 40 shillings for every hour's entertainment given to a known quaker, and every quaker after the first con- 177 viction, if a man, was to lose an ear, and for a second time; to lose the other ear : if a woman, each time to be severely whipped, and t' o third time, man or woman, to have their tongues bored with a hot iron. In 1658, 10 shilliii : were levied on every person present at a Quaker iii'Lting, and £5 for speaking at such meeting. In > 'ciotbr of that year, the punishment of death was decreed a'j^ainst all quakers returning into the colony after banishment : the ears of Holden, Cope- land and Rouse, three quakers, were cut off in prison. June 1, 1660, Mary Dyer was hanged for returning after banishmeni. Several persons were brought to trial *'for adherer :; to the cursed sect of Quakers, not disowning thcniselves to be such, refusing to give civil respect, leaving their families and relations and running from place to place, vagabond like," Daniel Gold and Robert Harper were sentenced to be whipped and with Alice Courtland, Mary Scott and Hope Cliflord banished, under pain of death, William Kingsmill, Margaret Smith, Mary Trask and Provided Southwick were sentenced to be whipped and Hannah Phillips admonished, John Cham- berlain came to trial* with his hat on, and refused to answer, the jury gave a verdict of "much inclining to the cursed opinions of the Quakers." — Wendlock Chris- topherson was sentenced to death but allowed to fly the jurisdiction. — March 14th, 1660, William Ledea "A curs- ed Quaker," was hanged. Deborah Wilson, Hutchinson says, I p. 204 " went through the streets of Salem naked as she came into the world, for which she was well whipped." at last an order came from the King prohibit- ing the capital and even corporal punishment of the Quakers, Sept. 9, 1661. PRIMITIVE ITEMS. Sept. 28, 1630. It is ordered that no master Carpen- ter, Mason, Joiner or Bricklayer, shall take above 18 pence a day for their work, if they have meat and drink, k. 178 and the second sort not above 12 pence a day, under pain of £ 10, both to giver and receiver. The law was repealed in 1^31. Nov. 9, 1630. Mr. Clark is prohibited cohabitation and frequently keeping company with Mrs. Freeman, under pain of such punishment as the court shall think meet to inflict. Mr. Clark and Mr. Freeman hath bound themselves in £20 a piece, that Mr. Clark shall make his personall appearance at the next court to be holden in March next, and in the mean time to carry himself in good behaviour towards all people and espec- ially towards Mrs. Freeman, concerning whom there is strong suspicions of incontinency. 1631, March 4. Nicholas Knopp was fined £5, for taking on himself to cure the scurvy with a water of no value, yet selling it at a dear rate ; to be imprisoned till he has paid the iine or else be whipped, and be liable to any man's action of whom he had received money for said water. May 3, 1631. It is ordered that John Legge, servant to Mr. Humphrey shall be severely whipt this day at Bos- ton, and afterwards so soon as convenient may be at Sa- lem, for striking Richard Wright, when he came to give him correction for idleness in his master's work. July 26th, 1631. Lucy Smytbe is bound as an appren- tice to Roger Ludlowe for 7 years, during which he is to find her meat drink and clothes, and at the end of her years to give her the sum of £5. 1631, Aug. 16. Court of Assistants at Boston, present. Gov. Deputy Gov. Mr. Ludlow, Nowell, Pyncheon ana J. Bradstreet. Four men fined six marks apiece (a mark was 13 s. and 4 d. sterling) for drinking two much aboard the Friendship and at Mr. Maverick's house at Win- esemet, Oct. 18th, 1631. It is ordered that if any man shall have carnal copulation with another mans wife they both shall be punished by death ; this law was confirmed the first month 1637, or 1638. 179 The first night watch in Boston, was appointed Feb. 1635 : In 1653, in lieu of a watch, a bellman was provi- ded, to go about from 10 till five in the morning. — In 1649 it was ordered that no person should play at shuftle-board. bowling or any other play, about a public house, under pain of forfeiture of 20 shillings from the keeper, and 5 from every person playing ; also, if any one deny the scriptures, to be the word of God, to be fined £50 or whipped 40 stripes, unless he publicly recant ; in which case, his fine is £10_, and whipped if he pay not that; — and if the said ofFende;- after said recantation or punish- ment, shall the second time obstinately maintain the said wicked opinion, he shall be banished or put to death as the court shall judge. 2d of 9th month. November 1638. And leave is gran- ted to Paulinge a plasterer to buy Peter Johnson's the Dutchman's house, and to become an inhabitant of this town. Ladies Dresses Regulated. 4th of 7th month, 1639, Boston. No garment shall be made with short sleeves whereby the nakedness of the arm may be discovered in the wearing thereof, and such as have garments already made with short sleeves, shall not hereafter wear the same, unless they cover their arms to the wrist with lin- en or otherwise : and that hereafter no person whatso- ever shall make any garments for women, or any of their sex, with sleeves more than half an Ell wide in the widest place thereof, and so proportionable for bigger or smaller persons. 1640. Edward Palmer was hired to build a pair of Stocks, and on being adjudged as asking a great price for them, was sentenced to be put in them for one hour. — and Capt. Stone was sentenced to pay £100, to Justice Ludlow, for calling him a just-ass, and also, prohibited from coming into Boston without the Governors leave, upon pain of death. — Josias Plastow, for stealing four baskets of corn from the Indians : was ordered to return eight baskets, to be fined £5, and to be called Josias, and not Mr. Josias in |ature. 180 Sargent Perkins, for being drunk, to carry 40 turfs the Fort. — Samuel Lovell, admonished to take heed light carriage. — Catherine, wife of Richard Cornish, w found suspicious of incontinency, and admonished to taj heed.— John Wedgevvood, for being in the company drunkards, to be set in the stocks. — John Daw, for crir inal connexion with an Indian woman, to be severe whipped ; and at the next session of the court, it w changed to death, to both parties, if with another mar- wife. It is ordered that Richard Hopkins shall be severe whipt and branded with hott iron on one of his cheek for selling peices (guns) and powder and shott to t' Indians. It is ordered that Joyce Brad wick shall give unto Ale ander Becke the sum of twenty dollars, for promisi., him marriage without her friends consent and now refi ing to perform the same. It was ordered that every inhabitant having any John Reeve's and Lowdowick Muggleton's books, ai; shall not bring or send them unto the next magistral! shall forfeit £10 and the books burnt in the market plav at Boston, on the next lecture day by the common e ecutioner. — Philip Ratclif, (a servant) beijjig convict of slanderous invectives against the church and govei ment ; to be whipped, lose his ears and to be banishe. which was "presently" executed. 1642. Mr. Robert Saltonstall is fined 5s. for presen ing his petition, on so small and bad a piece of paper 1652, An Irish woman was admitted, on the bond of Faulkner, for seven pounds ; that she should not bbcoi the town's expense. 1657, John Pierce, is admitted an inhabitant on t testimony of J. Everill and I. Collamore. The court at Boston, ordered a man to be severel whipt for cursing, swearing, justifying the same, an