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 ENT, MEDIEVAL 
 
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 -LIXV^ 
 
 ERN HISTORY, 
 
 s~ 
 
 S. LAURA ENSIGN, A. M., 
 
 Teacher of Geography and History, in 
 
 The State Normal School, 
 
 CEDAR FALLS, IOWA. 
 
 *V 
 
 u 
 
 For the Use of Teachers and Pupils. 
 
 33SC03ST3D E3DITIOI3"- 
 
 ^/ Op w-. 
 
 CEDAR FALL8, IOWA: 
 
 GAZETTE STEAM POWER BOOK AND JOB PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 1887. 
 
THE LIBRARY | 
 OF CONGRESS 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 Copyrighted 1887. 
 By 8. LAURA ENSIGN, A. M. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 riHESE Outlines are prepared for the use of classes pursu- 
 ing the study of history by the topical method. They 
 
 are adapted to any text or reference books to which the 
 
 pupils may have access. 
 
 In the lists of events those are in the coarser type to 
 which the most time should be given, and for which the pupils 
 should be held responsible in recitation. 
 
 On pages 22, 36, and 72 lists oi subjects are given for 
 topical recitations or essays. Assign these to pupils for especial 
 preparation sometime previous to the recitation on the respec- 
 tive subjects. These prepared themes are excellent as supple- 
 mentary matter. 
 
Out-lines ig s&gcienfc r^isfceFy. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 I. 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 y. 
 
 i. 
 
 ii. 
 
 Definition. 
 Kinds. 
 
 i. Political. 
 
 2. Civil. 
 
 3. Ecclesiastical. 
 
 Aids. 
 
 1. Ethnology. 
 2. 
 
 Divisions. 
 
 1. Oriental Nations 
 
 2. Greece. 
 
 3. Rome. 
 
 4. Middle Ages. 
 
 5. Modern History. 
 
 Chronologic Periods. 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 Philology. 
 Archaeolosrv. 
 
 Sacred. 
 Profane. 
 
 Chaldeans, Bnbylonians, and Assyrians. 
 
 Egyptians. 
 
 Hebrews, or Jews. 
 
 Phoenicians. 
 
 Persians. 
 I f indoos. 
 Chinese. 
 
 Ancient History, , 
 
 476 A. D. 
 
 Mediaeval History, 476 A. D. — 16th Cen. 
 
 a. Dark Ages," 5th Cen. — nth Cen. 
 
 b. Period of Revival j nth Cen. — 16th Cen. 
 
 Modern Historv, 16th Cen. 
 
 THE CAUCASIAN RACE. 
 Ilamites and Semites. 
 
 i. Chaldeans. 2. Egyptians. 
 5. Hebrews, or Jews. 
 
 /♦.. 
 
 Assyrians. 
 
 7. Phoenicians. 
 6. Arabians. 
 
 Arvans. 
 
 1. Persians. 
 Hindoos. 
 
 Grsco-Romans, or Classics, a. Greeks, b. Romans. 
 Celts, a. Irish, b. Highland Scotch, c. Welsh, d. Britons. 
 Teutons, a. Germans. 1'. High. 2'. Low. b. Scandina- 
 vians. 1'. Norwegians. 2'. Swedes. 3'. Danes. 
 Mixed, a. English, b. French, c. Spanish, d. Portugese 
 e. Swiss. 
 
 Slavonians, a. Russians. &. Poles, c. Czechs of Bohemia. 
 d. Bulgarians. 
 
 7- 
 
 * THE HISTORIC AREA. 
 
 I. Asia. 
 
 1. The Valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. 
 
 a- Chaldea. b. Babylonia, c. Assyria, d. Mesopotamia. 
 e. Susiana. f. Armenia, Pontus, and Colchis. 
 
 2. West of the Valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. 
 
 a. Asia Minor. 1'. Lydia. 2'. Greek Colonies, etc.* 
 
 ♦There were many other divisions of Asia Minor, but it is not important to learn 
 them. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 IL 
 
 I. 
 
 IL 
 
 III. 
 
 IY. 
 
 b. Syria, c. Palestine, d. Phoenicia, e. Arabia. 
 
 3. East of the Valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. 
 a. Media, b. Persia, c. India. 
 
 4. China. 
 
 Africa. 1. Egypt. 2. Ethiopia. 3. Libya. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS. 
 
 1. The antiquity of man. 
 
 2. The flood and the confusion of tongues. 
 
 3. Usher's Chronology. 
 
 4. The three ages, stone, iron, and bronze. 
 
 5. The Turanians. 
 
 EGYPT. 
 
 Sources of Information. 
 
 Race and Antiquity. 
 
 Geography, 
 
 1. Divisions. 2. Map. 
 
 3. The Nile. 
 
 a. Inundation, b. Width of valley, c. Cataracts. 
 
 4. Climate and Resources. 
 
 Chronologic Periods. 
 
 1. The Old Empire about 2700— about 2100 B. C. 
 
 a. Menes, legendary founder, .. .about 2700 " 
 
 h. The period of the Pyramid-builders, 2400 M 
 
 c. The country was divided into five principalities. 
 
 d. The invasions of the Hyksos. 
 
 2. The Period of the Hyksos, about 2100 — about 1525 «« 
 
 a. A few of the native dynasties were continued. 
 
 b. The complete establishment of the Hyksos, about 1900 " 
 
 c. The original inhabitants were enslaved. 
 
 d. The visit of Abraham, about 1921 " 
 
 e. The Israelites settled in Egypt, . *■' 1700 " 
 
 f. The Hyksos were expelled by a Theban prince. 
 
 3. The New Empire, . .. .from about 1525 to 525 
 
 a. The Grand Age, . " " 1525 ■* 1250 " 
 
 1'. Amosis founded the New Empire. 
 
 2\ The Exodus of the Israelites, . . . 1491 " 
 
 3\ ThotmesIIL, 1461—1414 " 
 
 a\ The extent of the empire. 
 
 b'. He built a great part of the Temple of Karnak. 
 c'. He erected temples, palaces, and obelisks. 
 
 4\ Rameses II., 1311—1245 B. C. 
 
 a'. Conquests, b'. Architectural works. 
 
 c'. He dug a canal from the Nile R. to the Red Sea. 
 
 5. The Age of Decay 1:250—525 B. C. 
 
 I*. Ethiopians and Assyrians conquered Egypt. 
 
 2'. Psammetichus, fc>t>4 — GiO u 
 
 a. He drove the Assyrians from Egypt. 
 
 6. He encouraged art and learning. 
 
 c. He opened Egypt to foreign commerce. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 3\ Necho IT., or Pharaoh-Necho, 610-594 B.C. 
 
 a\ He circumnavigated Africa. 
 
 b\ Nebuchadnezzar defeated him, about 569 " 
 
 \\ Egypt was conquered bv the Persians, 525 
 
 5'. The prophecy in Ezekiel xxx. 13 has been fulfilled. 
 
 6'. Egypt was conquered by Alexander, 332 B. C. 
 
 7'. The rule of the Ptolemies, 3 2 4"3° " 
 
 8'. The ruins of Memphis and Thebes. 
 Y. Religion. 
 
 1. Gods. 2. Animal worship. 
 
 3. The transmigration ot souls. 4. The art of embalming. 
 "VI. Caste. 1. Divisions. 2. Rules. 3. Influence. 
 
 VII. Government. Influence of the priests. 
 
 VIII. Arts. 1. Mechanical 2. Fine. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS. 
 
 1. Ethiopia. 2. Libya. 
 
 CHALDEANS, BABYLONIANS, AND ASSYRIANS. 
 
 I. Sources of Information. 
 
 II. Race and Antiquity. 
 
 III. Geography, i. Divisions. 2. Resources. 3. Climate. 
 
 IV. Chronologic Periods. 
 
 1. The Chaldean, or Early Babylonian Empire, 
 
 ., ..- — (about) 1250 B. C. 
 
 a. Nimrod and the Tetrapjiis. 
 
 b. The Tower of Babel and the Dispersion, 1247 " 
 
 c. The migration of Abraham, . .(about) 2000 " 
 
 d. The religion of the Chaldeans. 
 e« The architectural remains. 
 
 f. The cuneiform writing. 
 
 g. Literature, astronomy, and arithmetic. 
 A. Arts and commerce. 
 
 2. The Assyrian Empire, (about) 1250—625 " 
 
 a. First p~riod, " 1250—745 " 
 
 1\ Tiglath-Pileser I. 
 
 2'. The conquest of the surrounding countries. 
 
 3'. Cities, temples, and palaces. 
 
 4'. The period of winged bulls and lions. 
 
 5'. The Era of Nabonassar, 747 " 
 
 l. Second Period. 745—625 " 
 
 V. Tiglath-Pileser II. 
 
 2'. Shalmaneser IV. and Sargon, 727-705 u 
 
 a'. The siege of Samaria. 
 
 b\ The Israelites were carried into 
 
 captivity 721 " 
 
 3'. Sennacherib, 705—680 u 
 
jC'1 LINES EN AKCIEKT HISTORY 
 a\ Expeditions into Judea. 
 
 h\ The building of Nineveh.* 
 4\ Asshurbanipal, . about 607— about 647 B. C. 
 
 , a\ The Augustan age of literature. 
 
 b\ The Royal library at Nineveh. 
 
 5'. The extent and government uf the empiie. 
 
 6'. The incursions of the So ihians. 
 
 T. The revolt of the Medes. 
 8'. The fall of Nineveh. 
 
 9'. The religion and charade; o\' the Assyrians. 
 10'. Architecture and art. 
 11'. The ruins at Nineveh. 
 3. The Later Babylonian Monaicby, . .625—538 B. C. 
 a. Nebuchadnezzar, G04 — 501 t; 
 
 i\ He took captives from Judea, 606 " 
 
 2\ He took Jerusalem and carried the re- 
 mainder of the Jews to Babylon, 586 B. C. 
 
 3'. Tyre was captured, 589 " 
 
 4'. He defeated Psammetichus of Egypt, about 569 « 
 
 5\ The building ot Babylon. 
 
 a\ Royal Pal; ces. b\ Hanging Gardens. 
 
 c'. The Temple of Bel. d\ The walls of Babylon. 
 6'. The boasting and punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. 
 
 b. The feast of Belshazznr. 
 
 g. Babylon was taken by Cyrns 538 B. C. 
 
 d. The Edict of Cyrus 5.0 kt 
 
 e. The commerce of Babylon. 
 f. The ruins at Babylon. 
 
 ♦Rpad the book of Jonah 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS. 
 
 1. Syria. 2. Lydia. 3. Greek Colonic?. 
 
 THE HEBREWS, ISRAELITES, OR JEWS. 
 1 Sources of Information. 
 
 II. Geography. i. Divisions. 2. Map. 3. Resources. 
 
 III. Race and Antiquity. 
 
 IV. Chronologic Periods. 
 
 1. Rise as a nation, about 2000 — 1491 B. C. 
 
 a. Abraham went from Chaldea, . . about 20C0 
 
 b. Abraham went into Egypt " 1021 
 
 c. The Israelites settled in'Egvpt, . " 1700 
 
 d. Theexodus, "..... " 1491 
 
 e. Governmentr. 
 % From the exodus to the monarchy, K91 — 1095 " 
 
 a. The wanderings in the wilderness. 
 
 b. The period of the judges. 
 
 c . A monarchy was established by Saul, 1095 " 
 
 
OUJLLTMES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 3. The united monarchy, 1095—975 B, C. 
 
 a. MonarcllS (Saul, David, and Solomon.) 
 
 b. The kingdom was divided between Rehoboam and 
 
 Jeroboam, 975 " 
 
 c. Juidea-capital, Jerusalem. Samaria-capital, Samaria. 
 
 4. From the division to the captivity, . .975 — 586 " 
 
 a. Wars between Israel and Judah. 
 
 b. Wars with the surrounding nations. 
 
 c. Israel was carried into captivity, 721 u 
 
 d. Judah was carried into captivity,606& 586 " 
 
 5. From the captivity to the conquest by the 
 
 Romans 586—63 " 
 
 a. The Edict of Gyrus, 536 " 
 
 b. Jerusalem submitted to Alexander, 332 " 
 
 c. Palestine was annexed to Egypt, 324 M 
 
 d. A period of independence under the Maccabees, 166-63 " 
 
 e. The conquest by the Romans, 63 " 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS. 
 1. Phoenicia. 2, Carthage. 3. Media. 
 THE PERSIANS. 
 
 I. Sources of Information. 
 II. , Geography. 
 
 III. Race and Antiquity. 
 
 IV. Chronologic Periods. 
 
 1. Persia was subject to Media, — 55S B. C. 
 
 2. Cyrus, the Great, 558 — 529 4> 
 
 a. Legends. 
 
 b. He made Persia independent of Media, 558 " 
 
 c. He conquered Lydia, 554 " 
 
 d. The Greek colonies were subdued, 553 " 
 
 e. Conquests were made in the North and East, 553 — 540 " 
 
 f. He captured Babylon, 538 ' ' 
 
 g. The Edict of Cyrus, 536 •' 
 
 h. Character, death, and tomb. 
 
 3. Cambyses, ,529—522 " 
 
 a. The conquest of Egypt. 
 
 bs Character and death. 
 
 4. Darius 1., 521—486 " 
 
 a. The organization of the empire. 
 
 l\ Twenty satrapies. 2'. Royal roads. 
 3'. A standing army. 4'. The navy. 
 
 b. Expeditions into Judea and Scythia. 
 
 c. The revolt of the Greek colonies,* . . . . 501 " 
 
 d. The first expedition into Greece, 493 " 
 
 e. The second expedition into Greece. 
 
 1\ The battle of Marathon, 490 " 
 
 * T' '^may be deferred until the study of Greece. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 
 5. Xerxes i„* 486—465 B. C. 
 
 a. The third expedition into Greece, 480 " 
 
 i'. The Pass of Thermopylae, 
 a'. The battle at Salamis. 
 
 6. The decline of the Persian empire. 
 
 7. Persia was conquered by Alexander, ... .330 " 
 
 V. Religion. I. Zoroaster. 
 "VI. Arts. I. Mechanical. 2. Fine. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS. 
 
 1. India. 2. China, 
 
 ANCIENT COMMERCE. 
 
 I. Babylonians. "] Advantages of position. 
 
 tt -c»t_ • ■ Manufactures. 
 
 J I. Phoenicians. y > Land 
 
 III. Carthaginians. J | Water, 
 
 GREECE. 
 I. Sources of Information. 
 
 II. Geography. 1. Divisions. 2. Map. 3. Natural features. 
 4. Islands. 5. Colonies. 
 
 III. Race and Antiquity. 1. The Pelasgians and Hellenes. 
 
 1Y. Chronologic Periods. 
 
 1. Legendary Age, about 1100 B. C. 
 
 #, Principal heroes. 
 
 1'. Minos. 2'. Hercules. 3'. Theseus. 4'. Achilles. 
 
 b. Main legends. 
 
 i\ The Cretan Legend. 2'. The Theban Cycle. 
 
 3', The Argonautic Expedition. 
 4'. The Siege of Troy. 
 
 c. The migration of the tribes,. . .about 1200 B. C. 
 
 i\ The return of the Heraclidae. 
 
 d. Characteristics of Greece in the time ol Homer. 
 
 l\ The tribe predominated over the city. 
 
 2'. Religion exerted a great influence over the people. 
 
 3'. Military virtues were placed in the highest rank. 
 
 4'. Slavery was prevalent. ♦ 
 
 5'. Polygamy was lorbidden. 
 
 2. Authentic History, about 1100—146 B. C. 
 
 a. To the Persian wars, 1100—500 " 
 
 1'. The first Olympiad, 776—772 " 
 
 2'. The rise of Sparta. 
 
 a\ Characteristics of the Dorians. 
 
 b'. The Spartans, the Helots, and the Slaves. 
 
 c\ Lycurgus and his laws. 
 
 d\ Government. 1". Senate. 2". Ephors. 
 
 e\ The Messenian wars, 743 — 668 B. C. 
 
 f\ The civilization of the people. 
 
 ♦Xerxes I. Is doubtless the Abasnerus of the Bible. The book of Esther throws a 
 good deal of light upon the inner life of the Persian court. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 8\ The rise of Athens. 
 
 a\ The founding of Athens. The Acropolis. 
 
 h\ Government. The change from a monarchy. 
 
 c\ The laws of Draco, . . 624 B. C. 
 
 d\ The laws of Solon, 594 " 
 
 e\ Pisistratus and sons, . ..5G0 — 510 " 
 
 i". Public buildings were erected. 
 
 2". Attention was given to literature and art. 
 
 f* . The reforms of Clisthenes. 
 
 1". The Senate of the Five Hundred. 
 2". The introduction of ostracism. 
 
 6. From the Persian Wars to the Macedonian 
 
 Supremacy, 500— MS B. C. 
 
 1\ The Persian Wars * 
 L Time 500—479—440 " 
 
 II. Caose. Greece sent aid to the colonies in Asia Minor. 
 
 111. Leaders. 
 
 1. Persian. Mardonius, Datis, Artaphernes, and Xerxes. 
 
 2. Grecian. 
 
 a. Athenian. Miltiades, Aristides, Themistocles, and Cimon. 
 
 b. Spartan. Leonidas and Pausanias. 
 
 IT. Expeditions and Events. 
 
 1. First. 
 
 a. The defeat of the land forces in Thrace. 
 
 b. The wreck of the fleet off Mt. Athos 492 B. C. 
 
 2, Second. 
 a. The battle of Marathon, 490 u 
 
 8. Third. 
 
 a. The defence of Thermopylae, 480 4 ' 
 
 b. The naval action near E-ubcea. 
 
 c. The Greeks took refuge in their ships. 
 
 d. Athens was burned by the Persians. 
 
 e. The battle of Salamis, 480 " 
 
 f. The return of Xerxes to Persia. 
 
 g. The battle of Platea, 479 " 
 
 h. The battle of Mycale, M " 
 
 i. The career of Pausanias in Asia Minor. 
 
 J. The career of Aristides in Asia jiiinor. 
 
 Y. Results. 
 
 1. Persia recognized the independence of the Greek Colonies. 
 
 2. Athens became predominant among the Grecian states.. 
 
 3. The Confederacy of Delos. 
 
 2\ The rebuilding ot Athens. 
 
 3'. The Long Walls and the Piraeus. 
 
 4'. Tbemihtocles. a Work. b. Character. 
 
 c Ostracism. 
 5', PausaniUS. a . Treachery, b. Death. 
 6'. Ari3fldeS. a. Work. b. Character, c. Death. 
 7'. Cimon. a. Work. b. Character, c. Ostracism. 
 
 •This ootline is filled out as a model. 
 
10 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 8'. The Periclean Age, 461—431 B. C 
 
 a\ Pericles, i" Character 2". Aims. 
 3'' Influence. 
 
 b'. The prosperity ol Athens. 
 
 c\ Government, 1". Selection ot Archons. 
 
 d\ Poets. ^Eschylus, Sophooes, Euripides. 
 
 e 1 . Historian. Thucvdides. 
 
 _/*. Orators. Pericles and others. 
 
 g\ Philosophers. Anaxagoras, Socrates. 
 
 //'. Artists. Phidias, Praxitiles, Poivgnotus. 
 
 9'. Tin PeloponnesianWar,*. .431— 404 B. C. 
 a\ The invasion of Attica. 
 b\ The poacy of Pericles. 
 
 c\ The siege of Platea. 
 d\ The Peace of Nicias. 
 
 e\ The expedition against Syracuse. 
 
 y\ Alcibiades. i" Character. 2" Banishment. 
 
 g\ The battle of Ae^os Potauios. 
 K\ The siege and surrender ot Athens. 
 10' . The Spartan Supremacy, . . .4u5 — 371 B. C. 
 a'. The Rule of the Thirty Tyrants in 
 Athens. 
 
 &'. The restoration of the Athenian democracy. 
 
 c\ The restoration of the Athenian navy by Conon. 
 
 d\ The retreat of the Ten Thousand. 
 
 e\ The Peace of Antalcidas. 
 
 11'. The Theban Supremacy, . . 371—362 B. C. 
 
 d\ The battle of L,euctra. ) Epaminondas 
 b\ The battle ot" Mantinea. ) and Pelopidas. 
 g. From the Macedonian Supremacy to the 
 
 Conquest by Rome, 338—146 B, C, 
 
 i\ 'the early history of Macedonia. 
 
 2'. The early life of Philip. 
 
 3'. How Macedonia became a state of Greece. 
 
 4'. The warnings of Demosthenes. 
 
 5'. The buttle of Chcronea, 33S " 
 
 6'. Philip's plan and death. 
 
 7'. The early histopy of Alexander. 
 
 8\ The destruction of Thebes. 
 
 9'. The visit of Alexander to Delphi. 
 
 10\ The conquests of Alexandei 334-323 " 
 
 a'. Battles at Granicus and Issus. 
 
 b\ The submission of the Greek colonies. 
 
 c\ The sieges of Tyre and ot Gaza. 
 
 d\ The submission of Jerusalem. 
 
 e\ The conquest of Egypt. 
 /'. The battle of Arbela 
 
 g\ The subr-iission ot Susa, Babylon, and Persepolis. 
 ti. The subjugation of the Scythians and the Bactrians. 
 
 i\ The invasion of India. 
 
 ♦Outline under the heads that are given in the .sketch oi the 1'ersian Wars. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 11 
 
 /'. The homeward march of Alexander. 
 /•'. Alexander's plans and death. 
 
 l\ The results of the conquests of Alexander. 
 iV The successors of Alexander. 
 12' . The division of the empire, 301 B. 0. 
 
 13'. The invasion of the Gauls, 279 " 
 
 1-1'. The Grecian Leagues. 
 
 a. Achaean and yEtolian. 
 
 15\ The conquest of Macedonia by the Romans. 
 
 a\ The battle of Cynoscephake, 197 " 
 
 b\ The battle of Pydna, 168 " 
 
 16'. The independence of Greece, 181 — 146 " 
 
 W . Greece was made a Ro<nan province, 146 u 
 
 a\ The battle of Corinth. 
 
 VI. Religion. 
 
 1. Character. 
 
 2. VrOUS. a. Probable origin, b. Major, c. Minor, d. Power 
 
 over men. 
 t ) . Forms of Worship. 
 
 4. Oracles, a. Apollo at Delphi, b. Zeus at Dodona. 
 
 5. Books, a. The Iliad and the Odyssey, b. Theogonv, and 
 
 Works and Days. 
 
 6. Festivals, a. Olympic. b s Pythean. c. Nemean. 
 
 d. Isthmean. 
 
 7 The Amphictyonic Council, 
 
 8. The Eieusinian Mysteries. 
 
 9 Ideas of a future state, 
 
 VII. Government (Athenian). 
 
 1. Monarchy, 1008 B. C, 
 
 a. King. Last one Codrus. 
 
 b. Assemblies. i\ Boule. 2'. Agora. 
 
 3'. The Senate of Areopagus. 
 
 2. Oligarchy, 1068—683 " 
 
 a. Archon. 
 
 i\ He was selected from the family of Codrus at first, 
 
 but in 714 from the nobility. 
 2\ He was selected for life at first, but in 752 the term 
 
 was limited to ten years. 
 
 b. Assembly. 1'. The Senate of Areopagus. 
 
 3. Aristocracy, 683—560 B. C. 
 
 a. Archons. 
 
 1'. They were selected from the nobility. 
 2'. The number was increased to nine. 
 3'. The term was limited to one year. 
 
 b. Assemblies. 
 
 i'. The Senate of Areopagus. Chosen from the nobility. 
 2'. The Senate of the Four Hundred. Chosen from the 
 
 four classes. 
 3'. The Ecclesia. An assembly of the freemen. 
 
 c. Lawgivers. Draco and Solon. 
 
 4. Despotism, 560—510 B, C. 
 
 a. Rulers, b. Assemblies. 
 
 5. Republic, 510—405 " 
 
12 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HTSTORY. 
 
 a. Archons. Same as under the aristocracy. During the 
 
 latter part of the period they were chosen bv lot. 
 
 b. Assemblies. 
 i'. The Senate of Areopagus. The judicial power was 
 
 decreased. 
 
 2'. The Senate of the Five Hundred. Chosen from the 
 
 ten classes. 
 
 , u ,. ..... ) Composed of all citizens 
 
 r. Hehae, or iu 1 cial courts. \ r ... . . c 
 
 ° ) over thirty years of age. 
 
 4'. The Ecclesia. An assembly of the freemen. 
 
 c. Lawgivers. Clisthenes, Aristides, and Pericles. 
 
 VIII. Literature, Oratory, Philosophy, etc. 
 
 1. Poets. 
 
 a. Epic. 1'. Homer 2'. Hesiod. 
 
 b. Elegiac. i\ Tyrtaeus. 
 
 c. Lyric, i'. Archi'.ochus. 2'. Sappho. 3'. Anacreon. 
 
 4'. Simon ides. 
 d Dramatic. 
 
 1'. Tragic. a\ ^Eschjlus. b\ Sophocles. c\ Euripides. 
 2'. Comic. a\ \ristoohanes. b\ Periander. 
 
 2. Historians, a. Heroiotu^. 6. Thucydides. 
 
 c. Xenophon. d. Folvbius. e. Plutarch. 
 
 3. Writer of Fables. Je*o P . 
 
 4- Orators, a. Themistocles. b. Pericles, c. Phocion. 
 d. ^Es-chines. e. Demosthenes. 
 
 5. Philosophers, a. Thales. b\ Heraclitus. c. Anaxagoras. 
 
 d. Pythagoras, e. Socrates. /. Plato, g. 
 Aristotle, h The Sophist*. 1. The Epicu- 
 reans. /. The Stoics, k. I'he Cynics. 
 
 6. Mathematicians, a. Euclid, b. Archimedes. 
 
 7. Geographers, a. Strabo. b. Claudius Ptolemy. 
 
 IX. Arts. 
 
 1. Pelasgian Architecture. 
 
 2. Grecian Temples, a. The Parthenon 
 
 3. Orders of Architecture. 
 
 a. Doric, b. Ionic, c. Corinthian. 
 
 4. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. 
 
 5. Sculptors, a. Phidias, b. Praxiteles, c. Lysippus. 
 
 6. Painters. a. Polygnotus. b Parrhasius. c. Zeuxis. 
 
 d. Apelles. 
 
 X Miscellaneous. 
 
 1. The Seven Wise Men of Greece. 
 
 a. Thales. b. Solon, c Periander. d. Cleobulus. 
 e. Chilo. /. Bias. g. Pittacus, 
 
 2. Manners and customs of the Greeks. 
 
 3. Hospitality am ng the Greeks. 
 
 4. Slavery in Greece. 
 
 THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD. 
 
 The Pyramids. 
 
 The Walls and Hanging-gardens of Babylon. 
 x. The Pharos at Alexandria. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 13 
 
 4 The Temple of Diana at Ephesus. 
 
 5. The Olympian Statue of Jupiter.* 
 
 6. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. 
 
 7. The Colossus of Rhodes. 
 
 ROME. 
 
 I. Sources of Information. 
 II. Race and Antiquity. 
 
 III. Geography. 
 
 1. Extent of Italy, a. Physical Features. 
 3. States. 4. Isles. 5. Colonies. 
 6. The Seven hills of Rome.f 
 
 IV. People, or Tribes. 
 
 1. Gauls. 2. Etruscans. 
 
 3. Italians. a. Latins. b. Umbro-Sabellians 
 
 I'. Umbrians. 2'. Sabines. 3'. Samnites. 
 
 4. Iapygians. 5. The Greek Colonies. 
 
 V. Chr >nologic Periods. 
 
 1. Monarchy (Elective), 509 B. C. 
 
 a. Th-e legendary founding ol Rome. 
 
 1'. y£neas, Latinus, Rhea Silva, Romulus, and Remus. 
 
 b. The real beginnings of Rome, . about 753 B. 0. 
 
 c. The union of the Roman, Sabine, and Etruscan colonies. 
 
 d. Divisions of the people. 
 
 i\ Patricians. 2'. Plebeians 3'. Clients. 4'. Slaves. 
 
 e. Government. 
 
 1 . IvingS.^ Roman, Etruscan, and Sabine. 
 2'. The curiae and the gente». 
 
 3'. Assemblies. a'. Senate. V. Comitia Cur;ata. 
 c\ Comitia Centuriata. d\ Comitia Tributa-§ 
 
 f. The expulsion of the kings. 
 
 i\ Lucius Junius Brutus. 
 
 g. The extent of the territory. 
 !u Religion. 
 
 1'. Gods. a'. Correspondence with the Greeks. 
 
 b\ Jupiter, Mar's, or Quirinus, and Janus. 
 c\ Vesta, the Penates and Lares. 
 
 2\ Oracles and Divination. 
 8\ The Sacred Colleges. 
 
 a\ The Keepers or' the Sibylline Books. 
 
 b\ The College of Augurs. 
 
 c. The College of Pontiffs. 
 
 d\ The college of the Heralds. 
 
 4'. The Flamens. 
 2. Republic 509—29 B. C. 
 
 a. First Epoch (struggle for existence), 509 — 390 " 
 
 * The work of Phidias. 
 
 t Caoitoline, Palatine, Aventme, Cselian, Esquiline, Viminal, and Quirinal. 
 
 i Romulus, 753-716. Numa Pompilius, 716-672. Tnllus Hostilius, 672-640. Aucus 
 
 Martins, 640-616. Tarquinius Priscus, 616-578. Servius Tullius, 578-C34. 
 
 Tarquinius Superbus, 534-509. 
 These names and dates are uncertain. 
 § Only the germs of the Tributa existed during the monarchy. 
 
14 
 
 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 I. 
 
 C. 
 
 V. 
 
 (elected in the Centuriata). 
 
 I. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Consuls 
 Wars. 
 
 a\ With the Etruscans. 
 
 i". Lucius Junius Brutus. 
 
 2". Horatius Cocles. 
 
 3". Caius Mutius (Scaevola). 
 b\ With the Volsci, yEquians, and Vientes. 
 
 i". Cincinnatus. 2". Coriolanus. 
 
 3". The battle of Lake Regillus. 
 c'. Territory north of theTiber was added to Rome. 
 
 3\ Social troubles. 
 
 a\ The oppressions of the Plebeians. 
 
 t". Taxes. 2". Usury. .3". Debt. 
 
 b\ The secession of the plebeians, 492 B.C. 
 
 i". Concessions to debtors. 
 
 2". Tribunes were appointed.* 
 c\ The Decemvirate. 
 
 i". The Twelve Tables. 
 
 2". Tyranny. 3''. Expulsion. 
 d'. The agrarian law of Spurius Cassius, 484 " 
 e\ The dispute about the consuls. 
 
 f. Military Tribunes, . . . 442—390 " 
 
 i". The creation of censors. 
 
 2". Equality of plebeians, .. .about 400 " 
 
 3". The invasion of the Gauls, 390 " 
 
 Second Epoch (conquest of Italy), 390-266 « 
 
 1'. Social troubles. 
 
 a\ The oppressions of the plebeians. 
 
 b\ The Licinian rogations 
 
 c\ The equality of patricians and plebeians. 
 
 2\ Wars for dominion. 
 
 a\ With the Gauls and the Samnites. 
 &'. With the Greek Colonies. 
 
 1". Pyrrhus 2". Fabricius. 
 
 3'. The nature of the .Roman state. 
 
 a\ Romanus populus. b\ Latins. 
 
 c\ Italians, or Socii. 
 4'. Roads and cities were built throughout Italy. 
 Third Epoch (foreign conquest), 266--133 B. C. 
 
 1'. The First Punic War. 
 II. Causes. III. Leaders. 
 
 V, 
 
 Time. 
 Events. 
 
 The battle of Agrigentum. 
 
 The creation of a Roman fleet. 
 
 The battle of Mylae. 
 The invasion of Africa. 
 
 The defeat of Regulus. 
 
 The defeat of Hamilcar. 
 The embassy of Regulus. 
 The successes of the Romans. 
 
 Results. 
 
 The Carthaginians agreed to acknowledge the independence 
 * Either 5 or 2. The number is uncertain. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 15 
 
 of Syracuse, to evacuate Sicily, to return Roman prisoner*, 
 and to pay all the expenses of the Avar. 
 
 2'. The conquest of Cis-Alpine Gaul. 
 
 3'. The establishment of the Carthaginian power in Spam. 
 
 -4\ The Second Punic war. 
 
 <t\ Passage of the Pyranees and Alps by Hannibal. 
 V. Battles at Ticinus R., Trebia R.,& L. Trasimenus. 
 
 & . The battle of Cannae. 
 
 (I '. The policy of Fabius, and also ot Hannibal. 
 
 e\ The battle of Metaurus. 
 
 f. The overthrow of the Carthaginian power in Spain. 
 
 flr 1 . The invasion ot Africa by the Romans. 
 
 li '. Hannibal was recalled to Carthage. 
 
 V. The battle of Zama. 
 5'. The exile of Hannibal from Carthage. 
 6'. The disgrace of Scipio Africanus in Rome. 
 7'. The war in Syria. 
 
 8'. The conquest of Macedonia. 
 
 a\ The battle of Cynoscephalse, 197 B. C. 
 
 b\ The battle of Pydna, 168 " 
 
 9'. The conquest of Greece. 
 
 a\ The battle of Corinth, 146 " 
 
 10'. The Third Punic war, 149— 14G " 
 
 1 1 '. The siege ot Numantia, 133 " 
 
 12'. The rule of the provinces. 
 
 13'. The results of the conquests. 
 
 a\ Evil. 
 
 1". The absorption of the small farms in Italy 
 into large estates. 
 
 2". The introduction of luxury into Rome. 
 
 3". The corruption of the Roman blo^.d. 
 
 4". Political corruption. 
 
 5". The increase of slavery. 
 
 6". The change in the religion of Rome. 
 V. Good. 
 
 1". The dissemination of Roman civilization. 
 
 2". The influence of Greek scholars at Rome 
 
 3". The public works at Rome. 
 
 d. Fourth Epoch (civil strife), 133—29 b 
 
 1'. The state of Roman society. 
 
 2'. The reforms of the Gracchi. 
 
 a\ The agrarian law. 
 
 b\ The division ot corn among the poor. 
 
 c'. The extension of the Roman franchise. 
 
 3\ Wars. 
 
 a\ The Jugurthine war. b\ The Cimbrian war. 
 c\ The Social war. d\ The Mithridatic wars. 
 
 4'. The career of Marins. 
 
 5'. .The career of Sulla. 
 
 6'. The Seryile, or Gladiatorial war. 
 
 7'. The rise of Pompey. 
 
 a\ The war with Sertoriii6 in Spain. 
 b\ The destruction of the pirates. 
 c\ The conquest of Syria and Palestine. 
 Outline under tne heads ijiven uc<k* the First Punic War. 
 
16 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY 
 
 8'. The four factions at Home. 
 
 a\ The Marian party. b\ The Aristocracy. 
 e\ The Oligarchy. d\ The Military faction. 
 
 9'. The conspiracy of Cataline. 
 10'. The first Triumvirate, CO B. C. 
 
 ii\ The consulship of Caesar. 
 12'. Crasus, pro-consul in the East. 
 
 a\ Defeat and death, 53 " 
 
 13\ Caesar, pro-consul of Gaul. 
 
 a\ Campaigns and conquests. 
 
 b'. The invasion of Britain, 55 " 
 
 14'. Pompey, pro-consul in Spain. 
 
 15\ The rivalry between Csesar and Pompey. 
 
 16'. The Rubicon. The entrance of Caesar into Italy. 
 17'. The retreat of Pompey into Greece. 
 iS'. Caesar, master of Italy. 
 
 19\ The battle of Pharsalia 48 B. C. 
 
 20'. The flight and death of Pompey. 
 
 21'. The insurrection in Egypt. 
 
 a\ The defeat of Ptolemy by Caesar. 
 b\ The burning of the Alexandrian library. 
 22'. The rebellion in Pontus. 
 
 a\ The victory of Caesar. 
 
 b\ The message to the Roman Senate. 
 
 23'. The battle at Thapsus, 46 " 
 
 24'. Caesar returned to Rome. 
 
 25'. Honors and power conferred upon Csesar. 
 
 26'. The battle at Munda, 45 " 
 
 27'. The reforms introduced by Caesar. 
 
 28'. Charges made against Caesar. 
 
 29'. The assassination of Caesar, 
 
 30'. The funeral oration, pronounced by Antony. 
 
 31'. The conspirators were driven from Rome. 
 
 32', The Philippics of Cicero. 
 
 33'. The Second Triumvirate, . .43 B. C. 
 
 a'. Proscriptions. b\ The assassination of Cicero. 
 34'. ihe battle of Philippi. 
 
 a\ The deaths of Brutus and Cassius. 
 
 35' . The division of the Roman Empire. 
 
 36'. The quarrels'of the Triumvirs. 
 a. The deposition of Lepidus. 
 
 b\ The battle of Actium .31 u 
 
 37'. The conquest of Egypt. 
 
 38'. The deaths of Antony and of Cleopatra. 
 
 39'- The triumph of Octavius, 
 
 40'. The ides, nones, and kalends. 
 
 3. Empire, 29 B. C— 47b' A . D. 
 
 a. Nominal power of Senate,. 29 ,, — 284 
 
 1'. The extent of the empire. Provinces. 
 
 2'. The Latin, Greek, and Oriental civilization^. 
 
 3'. Rome. a\ Extent. &'. Population. 
 
 4'. The twelve Caesars 29 B. C— 96 " 
 
« 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 17 
 
 a\ Augustus, 29 B. C— 14 A. D. 
 
 l". Honors conferred upon Augustus. 
 2''. 'Policy and methods. 
 
 3'\ Creation of the Prsetorian Guard. 
 4''. The Augustan Age. 
 
 a": Maecenas, Virgil, Horace, Livy, 
 Ovid, etc. 
 5". Architecture and art. 
 
 «". Public works at Rome. 
 
 6". A time of peace and prosperity. 
 T\ The birth of Christ, 4B.C. 
 
 8". Wars with the Germans. 
 
 a?\ The battle of Arminius,9A. D. 
 
 9". Augustus advised not to extend the 
 
 empire, 
 io" ; Domestic troubles, 
 11", Last words of Augustus.* 
 
 12". The work of Augustus, f 
 V. Tibeiius, 14—37 " 
 
 1". He received the honors of Augustus. 
 2". The last blow to republicanism.;}; 
 
 3". Germanicus. 
 
 a". Revolt ot his soldiers. 
 
 b". Victories over theGermans. 
 
 c". Recall and death. 
 4". The excesses of Tiberius. 5". Sejanus. 
 6". Tiberius' residence at Capreae. 
 
 c\ Caligula, 37—41 A. D. 
 
 1". Extravagancies and cruelties. 
 
 d\ Claudius,§ 41—54 " 
 
 1". Early Life. Ability. 
 
 2". He sent forces into Britain,. . .43 " 
 
 a". Caractacus. 
 3". The Claudian Aqueduct. 
 4", Favorites and wives. 
 
 e\ Nero, |! 54—68 " 
 
 1". He was a pupil of Seneca. 
 2". He assassinated his mother. 
 
 3". The burning of Rome. 
 
 4". Frst persecution of the Christians. 
 
 5". Seneca was put to death 
 
 f\ Galba, Otho,& Vitelline 68—69 A. D. 
 
 g\ Yespasian & Titus, 78—84 « k 
 
 1". The capture oi Jerusalem, 70 " 
 
 If I have acted well my part in life's drama, greet my departure with your 
 applause. 
 
 Merivale says, "The establishment of the Roman empire was, after all, the 
 greatest DOlitical work that any human being ever wrought. The achieve- 
 ments of Alexander, of Csesar, of Charlemagne, of Napoleon, are not to be 
 compared with it lor a moment. ' : 
 
 Tiberius took from the popular assembly the election of consuls and praetors, 
 and gave this power to the Senate. 
 
 The soldiers proclaimed Claudius emperor. He introduced the custom of 
 paying them for it. 
 The last of the Julian line. 
 
18 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 a". The Jews were scattered. 
 E>". Josephus and the sacred utensils 
 were taken to Rome. 
 
 2". Subjugation of Britain, 78-84 A. D. 
 
 3". The Colosseum. 
 
 4". The eruption of Vesuvius. 
 
 a". Pompeii and Herculaneum. 
 b". Pliny the elder, lost his life. 
 
 h\ Domitian,* ." 81—96 _ " 
 
 . 1". Second persecution of Christians. 
 
 2". The Jews were persecuted. 
 
 i\ The five good emperors, 96 — 180 A. D. 
 1". Nerva (a Cretan), . . 96— 98 " 
 2". Trajan (a Spaniard), 98— 117 " 
 a'\ The conquest of Dacia. 
 b'\ Architectural monuments. 
 1'". Trajan's column. 
 
 <?". Writers. Juvenal, Plutarch, 
 Pliny the younger. 
 
 3". Hadrian, 117—138 " 
 
 a". Tours through the empire. 
 b". Hadrian's wall in Britain. 
 
 4". Antoninus Pius,. 138— 161 " 
 
 a". A period of peace and prosperity. 
 
 5". Marcus Aurelius, 161-180 A. D. 
 
 a". The Aurelian Meditations. 
 b". Christians were persecuted, 
 c". The Teutonic im-asion. 
 
 j\ The public sale of the empire, 192 " 
 
 k'. Roman citizenship was given to the free inhab- 
 itants of the empire."!" 
 /'. Age of the Thirty Tyrants,.. .251—268 A. D. 
 
 m\ The five good emperors, 268- 284 " 
 
 1". Claudius, Aurelian, Tacitus, Probus, and 
 
 Cams. 
 2". The fall of Palmyra, 275 A. D. 
 
 b' Absolute imperialism, 284 — 395 u 
 
 1'. Diocletian, 284—305 " 
 
 a\ He discarded republican forms. 
 
 b\ The division of the power. 
 
 i". Diocletian-Nicomedia. Maximian-Milan. 
 2". Caesars, Galerius & Constantius Chlorus. 
 
 c\ Tenth persecution of the Christians. 
 
 i". The catacombs. 
 
 d\ Abdication of the government. 
 2'. Constantine the Great, . . .306—337 A. D 
 
 a'. Rival claimants to the power. 
 
 b\ The adoption of the Christian religion. 
 
 i". The decree of Milan, ...313 A. ]). 
 
 c\ The Council of Nice 325 " 
 
 * The last of the iwelve Caesars. 
 
 t Millie attribute this to Caiacalla, others, to Marcus Aurelius. 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 19 
 
 1". The Nicene Creed. 
 d\ The re-organization of the empire. 
 
 i". The military power was separated from 
 the civil. 
 
 e' . The change of the Capitol. 
 f\ Churches and public buildings. 
 g\ Character of Constantine. 
 
 //. Division of power between his sons. 
 
 3'. Julian the Apostate, 361—363 A. D. 
 
 a'. Education and character. 
 b\ He attempted to restore paganism. 
 c\ He attempted to rebuild Solomon's temple. 
 4'. The Ostrogoths moved S. of Danube R.,.376 ** 
 
 a\ The battle at Hadrianople, ..378 " 
 
 s\ Theodosius divided the empire 395 " 
 
 c. From the division of the empire, to the down- 
 fall of the western half, 395—476 A. D. 
 
 i\ The Visigoths, under Alaric, sacked Rome,4io " 
 2'. The invasion of the Huns under Attila. 
 
 a\ The battle of Chalons, 451 " 
 
 3'. The Vandals, under Genseric, sacked Rome, 455 " 
 4'. Lhe Visigoths, under Odoacer, overthrew the 
 
 western half of the Roman empire, . . . .476 " 
 
 VI. Religion. 
 
 1. The Roman Mythology. 
 
 a. Compare with the Grecian. 
 
 b. How affected by the religions of the other nations. 
 
 c. The number and character of the gods. 
 
 d. The Sibylline Books. 
 
 e. The College of Pontiffs. 
 
 /. How was the will of the gods determined? 
 £?. Games and festivals. 
 2 The attitude of the government toward other rel'gions. 
 
 3. The introduction and spread of Christianity. 
 
 a. The persecutions of the Christians. 
 
 1'. Causes. 
 
 a\ Proselyting by Christians. 
 
 b\ They discarded all other religions. 
 
 c\ Night meetings. 
 
 d\ They were a sect, not a nation. 
 
 2\ Under what Emperors especially. 
 
 a\ Nero. b\ Vespasian. c\ Domitian. 
 
 d\ Trajan. e\ Marcus Aurelius. /'. Diocletian. 
 
 b. Christianity was made the religion of the empire. 
 
 1\ The decree of Milan, 313 A. D. 
 
 c. The Christian Fathers, 
 
 VII. Government. 
 
 1. Monarchy 753—509 B. C. 
 
 a. Assemblies. 
 
 i\ Senate. Composed of patricians. 
 
 2'. Comitia Curiata. " " " 
 
 3'. Comitia Centuriata. " " " and pleDeians. 
 
 4'. Comitia Tributa. " " plebeians. 
 
20 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 2. Republic, 509—29 B. C. 
 
 a. First Epoch, 509—390 " 
 
 1' . Executive officers. 
 
 a'. Consuls, two. Patricians. 
 
 b\ Decemvirs, ten. Patricians and plebeians. 
 
 r\ Military Tribunes. Patricians and plebeians. 
 
 d\ Dictator. Patrician. 
 
 2'. Assemblies, 
 
 a\ Senate. 
 
 b\ The Centuriata was made greater than the 
 
 Curiata. 
 c\ The Tributa was made equal to the Centuriata. 
 
 3'. Subordinate office! s. 
 
 Praefect ot the Citv. Praetor. 
 
 Qusestor. ^Edile. Censor. $ 
 Tribunes and Lictors. Plebeians. 
 
 I. Second, Third, and Fourth Epochs, 390—29 B. C, 
 
 i'. Consuls. One patrician and one plebeian. 
 
 The senate was composed of patricians and plebeians. 
 
 The comitiae were the same as under the first epoch. 
 
 The subordinate offices were open to all. 
 
 Citizenship. 
 
 a\ Romanus Populus. Citizens. 
 
 V. Latins. Latin franchise. 
 
 c\ Italians. Power in local affairs. 
 
 3. Empire, 29 B. O.— 476 A, D. 
 
 a. Nominal power of the Seriate, 29 B. C. — 284 " 
 
 b. Absolute imperialism, 284 — 395 " 
 
 c. The divided empire, 395 — 476 " 
 
 Till. Literature and Education. 
 
 1. Poets. 
 
 a. Comic. 1'. Plautus. 2'. Terrence. 
 
 b. Epic. i'. Ennius. 2'. Virgil. 
 
 c. Lyric. i\ Horace. 2. Catullus. 
 
 d. Didactic. 1'. , Lucretius. 
 
 e. Satirical. i\ *Horace. 2'. Juvenal. 
 /. Elegiac. 1'. Ovid. 
 
 2. Historians. Sallust, Cassar, Livy, and Tacitus. 
 
 3. Rhetorician. Quintilian. 
 
 4. Miscellaneous writer, a. Pliny the Elder, b. Cicero. 
 
 5. Letter-writer. Pliny the \ ounger. 
 6 Philosopher. Seneca. 
 
 *l. The Christian Fathers, f 
 8. Libraries and writing materials. 
 . 9. Schools. 
 IX. Monuments and Art. 
 
 1. Temples, palaces, and amphitheatres. 
 
 2. Military roads, bridges, aqueducts, harbors, and baths. 
 
 3. Painting, sculpture, mosaics, and pottery. 
 
 X. Manners and Customs. 
 
 1. Marriage ceremonies. 2. Burial rites. 
 
 3. Dress. 4. Meals. 5. Position of woman. 
 
 * This same one. who is given as a lyric poet. 
 
 t Talycarp, Tortuliian, Origen, Arius, Basil, Ambrose, Augustine, ChrysostCHi, 
 and Jerome 
 
OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 21 
 
 THE CAUSES OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 
 The degeneracy of the Roman people, 
 
 a. The corruption of the blood. 
 
 b. The introduction of luxuries. 
 
 The decline of the power of Rome. 
 
 a. The extension of the right of suffrage, 
 
 ft. The emperors resided away from Rome. 
 
 c. The division of the power by Diocletian. 
 
 d. The change of the capitol to Constantinople. 
 
 The absence of a national religion. 
 The division of the empire by Theodosius. 
 The decline of the military system. 
 The invasions of the barbarians. 
 
 THE BARBARIAN TRIBES. 
 
 Celts. 
 
 i. The Gaulish invasion, 390 B. C 
 
 2. They invaded Greece and settled in Asia Minor,. . . .279 " 
 
 3. Cis- Alpine Gaul was conquered by the Romans, 222 " 
 
 4. Spain was conquered by the Romans, 216 " 
 
 5. Trans- Alpine Gaul was conquered by the Romans,. ..50 " 
 
 0. Britain was conquered by the Romans,. . . .55 B. C. — 84 A. D. 
 
 7. JPhysical features, character, and religion. 
 
 8. The influence of Roman civilization upon the Celts. 
 
 Teutons. 
 
 1. The Cimbrians were conquered by Marius, 102 B. C. 
 
 2- The battle of Arminius, 9 A. D. 
 
 3- The Germans were driven back by Germanicus, 15 " 
 
 4. The settlement of the Ostrogoths south of the Danube, 376 u 
 
 a. The battle of Hadrianople, 378 " 
 
 5- The Ostrogothic and the Visigothic kingdoms,. 
 
 6. The Visigoths, under Alaric, overran Italy, 410 " 
 
 7. The Vandals settled in Spain and in Africa. 
 
 8. The Vandals, under Genseric, sacked Rome, 455 " 
 
 9. Odoacer, a Visigoth, overthrew the western half of 
 the Roman Empire, 476 " 
 
 iu. The V isigoths at Rome were conquered by Theodoric, 
 
 an Ostrogoth, 493 " 
 
 11. The Franks, the Burgundians, and the Seuvi overran Gaul. 
 
 12. The Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes conquered Britain. 
 
 13. Physical features, character, and religion. 
 
 14. The influence of the conquered people upon the 
 language and the religion of Europe. 
 
 Huns. 
 
 1. They drove the Ostrogoths south of the Danube,. ..376 " 
 
 2. The battle of Chalons, 45 1 " 
 
 3. Rome was threatened by Attila 452 " 
 
 THE LANGUAGES OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE. 
 
 L Celtic. 
 
 1. Gaelic of Scotland. 2. Erse of Ireland. 3. Manx of Wales. 
 
 II. Teutonic. 
 
 1. German, a. High, b. Low. 
 
22 
 
 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 2. Scandinavian 
 a. Swedish. 
 
 3. English. 
 
 Romance. 1. Italian. 
 Slavonic. 1. Russian. 
 
 Turanian. 1. Turkic. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 V. 
 
 b. Norwegian, c Danish, d. Icelandic. 
 French. 
 
 2. 
 2. 
 
 2. 
 
 Polish. 
 .Lapp. 
 
 Spanish. 
 Bohemian. 
 Finnic. 
 
 PERSECUTIONS OF THE CHRISTIANS. 
 
 Nero First persecution of the Christians. 
 
 Domitian, Second " 
 
 Trajan, Third " 
 
 Adrian, Fourth u 
 
 Septimius Severus, . . . Fifth " 
 
 Maximin, Sixth u 
 
 Decius, Seventh " 
 
 Valeran, Eighth 4< 
 
 Aurelian, Nin'.h " 
 
 Diocletian, Tenth " 
 
 CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE CENTURIES* 
 
 Firsr Century. 
 Second " 
 Third 
 Fourth " 
 
 Fifth " 
 
 Rome governs the world. 
 
 The introduction and spread of Christianity. 
 
 Anarchy and confusion. 
 
 Growth and establishment of the Christian Church. 
 The fall of the western half of the Roman Empire. 
 The formation of modern nations. 
 
 A LIST OF SUBJECTS FOR TOPICS OR ESSAYS. 
 
 1. Ancient Religions. 2. The Position of Woman among the Ancients. 
 
 3. The Civilization of Ancient Egypt. 
 
 4. Egyptian and Assyrian Architecture. 
 
 5. Damascus. 6. Caste. 7. The Spartan. 8. Athenian Government. 
 9. Grecian Oratory. 10. The Battle of Marathon. 
 
 11. The Schools of Athens. 12. Grecian Architecture. 
 
 13. Greek Art. 14. The Periclean Age. 15. Athens. 
 
 16. The Socratic Philosophy. 17. The Platonic Philosophy. 
 
 18. The Aristotelian Philosophy. 19. Stoicism. 20. Epicureanism. 
 
 21. The Cynic. 22. The Greek Drama. 
 
 23. The Character of tint Greek. Whit has he contributed to civilization? 
 
 24. Slavery among the Ancients. 
 
 25. The Struggle of the Roman Plebeian. 
 
 26. Hannibal. 27. The Battle of Metaurus. 
 
 28. Julius Caesar as a General. 29. Julius Caesar as a Statesman. 
 
 30. Pompey. 31. The Roman Senate. 32. The Roman Soldier. 
 
 33. Cicero. 34. The Augustan Age. 35. Rome. 36. Roman Art. 
 
 37. The Christian Fathers. 
 
 38- The Character of the- Roman. What has he contributed to civilization? 
 
 * White's Eighteen Christian Centuries 
 

 OUTLINES IN ANCIENT HISTORY. 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE ROMAN 
 
 EMPIRE. 
 
 
 
 
 
 FIRST 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Augustus Caesar,. 29 
 
 B. C 
 
 — 14 
 
 A. D. 
 
 Otho and Vitellius,. 
 
 
 ,.6q 
 
 A. D. 
 
 
 ...14 
 
 —37 
 
 tt 
 
 Vespasian,. 
 
 
 
 tt 
 
 
 ...37 
 
 —41 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 •••79 
 
 -81 
 
 it 
 
 
 
 — 54 
 
 it 
 
 Domitian,. . 
 
 
 ...81 
 
 —06 
 
 ti 
 
 
 •••54 
 
 —68 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 . . . 96—98 
 
 tt 
 
 Galba 
 
 .68 ' 
 
 11 
 
 Traian, ... 
 
 
 . oS 
 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 SECOND 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ..oS- 
 
 -117 A. D. 
 
 Commodus, 
 
 
 . 180- 
 
 -193 
 
 ti 
 
 
 .117— 
 
 138 
 
 II 
 
 Pertinax, Didius & N 
 
 iger,. 
 
 •193 
 
 11 
 
 Antoninus Pius, . . . 
 
 .138- 
 .161- 
 
 -161 
 
 II 
 
 Septimius Severus. . . 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 Marcus Aurelius,. . 
 
 -l8o 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THIRD 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Septimus Severus,. 
 
 •193- 
 
 211 A. D. 
 
 
 
 251- 
 
 -254 
 
 tt 
 
 Caracalla and Geta, 
 
 211— 
 
 217 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 • 2 54- 
 
 -260 
 
 tt 
 
 Macrinus, 
 
 ?t8- 
 
 -218 
 ■222 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 Claudius the 
 
 ! Second, 
 
 .260 — 268 
 .268 — 270 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 
 
 Alexander Severus 
 
 222— 
 
 -235 
 
 it 
 
 
 
 .270- 
 
 -275 
 
 tt 
 
 
 •235- 
 
 238 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 ••275- 
 
 -27*6 
 
 tt 
 
 Maximusand Balbinus.. . 
 
 2 38 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 . 276 — 277 
 
 tt 
 
 
 .2^S- 
 
 244 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 .277- 
 
 -278 
 
 tt 
 
 Philip the Arabian 
 
 .244- 
 .249- 
 
 249 
 
 2SI 
 
 (i 
 
 
 
 
 .278 
 
 tt 
 
 
 11 
 
 Carinus& N 
 
 umerian, 
 
 .278- 
 
 -284 
 
 it 
 
 
 
 251 
 
 11 
 
 Diocletian,. 
 
 
 ..284 
 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 FOURTH 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Galerius and Constan- 
 
 
 
 Julian the Apostate,. 
 
 .361- 
 
 -36.3 
 
 tt 
 
 
 . . 304 
 
 —305 
 
 A. D 
 
 
 
 •363- 
 
 -364 
 
 tt 
 
 
 ••305 
 
 —306 
 
 it 
 
 Valentinian 
 
 & Valens,364— 
 
 -367 
 
 tt 
 
 Constantine, 
 
 • • 306- 
 
 -337 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 .367- 
 
 -375 
 
 tt 
 
 Constantine II., Constans, 
 
 
 Valentinian 
 
 II., and 
 
 
 
 
 and Constantius, 
 
 ••337 
 
 —361 
 
 it 
 
 Theodosius,. 
 
 
 •375- 
 
 -395 
 
 tt 
 
 EAST. 
 
 
 
 
 WEST. 
 
 
 
 
 H r » r "* , *' , is, 
 
 . . 1QZ 
 
 
 it 
 
 Arcadius, . . 
 
 
 . V)C — 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 FIFTH 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
 
 ' *>?o 
 
 
 
 EAST. 
 
 
 
 
 WEST. 
 
 
 
 
 
 •395- 
 
 -424 A. D. 
 
 
 
 •395- 
 
 -408 
 
 tt 
 
 Valentinian III.,... 
 
 .424- 
 
 -455 
 
 tt 
 
 Theodosius 
 
 II., 
 
 
 -450 
 
 ti 
 
 Petronius Maxim us 
 
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'-24 OUTLINES IN MEDIEVAL HISTORY. 
 
 Outlines in Mediaeval ^ist-opy. 
 
 ITALY TO THE TIME OF CHARLEMAGNE. 
 
 i. The Visigoths under Odoacer occupied Rome, 476 A. D 
 
 2. The Ostrogoths under Theodoric conquered Rome, .493 
 
 a. The commissions of Theodoric. 
 
 h. The distribution of Land among the chiefs. 
 
 3. The Eastern Empire under Justinian regained Rome, 553 " 
 a. The rule of the exarchs at Ravenna. 
 
 4. The Lombards conquered northern Italy 572 " 
 
 6. The temporal power of the Church was 
 
 foun Jed by Pepin le Bref, 755 " 
 
 6. The Lombards were conquered by Charlemagne,. . .774 " 
 
 7. Charlemagne confirmed and increased the temporal 
 
 power of the chinch. 
 
 8. Charlemagne was crowned emperor, 800 " 
 
 THE SARACENS. 
 
 1. The early government and religion of the Arabs. 
 
 2. Mohammed 571— 632 A. D. 
 
 a. Earlv life, occupation, marriage, and character. 
 
 b. Religious meditations. 
 
 0. The Hegira, 022 " 
 
 d. Creed. 
 
 I*. There is but one God. 
 
 2'. There are angels, a fallen spirit, and inferior spirits. 
 
 3'. There is a paradise and a hell. 
 
 4'. There are six prophets. 
 
 a'. Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, 
 and Mohammed. 
 5'. Man has no free-will, but is ruled by fate. 
 
 e. Religious duties and requirements. 
 
 1'. Washings followed by prayers,at least, five times a day. 
 
 2'. One-tenth must be given in charity. 
 
 3'. Fasting from sunrise to sunset during the month, 
 
 Rhamadin. 
 4'. Pork and wine are forbidden at all times. 
 5'. A pilgrimage to Mecca, at least, once in a life-time. 
 
 / The Koran. 
 
 ' g. The conquest of Arabia. 
 //. Death and successors. 
 
 3. The Conquests of the Caliphs. 
 
 a. Syria, b. Mesopotamia, c. Persia, d. India. 
 <e. North Africa. /. Spain, g: South France. 
 
 4. The Battle of Tours, or Poitiers 732 A. D. 
 
 5. The division of the empire. 
 
 a. Capitals. Cordova and Bagdad. 
 
 6. Saracenic learning. 
 
PI "KLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY 
 
 bo 
 
 THE EASTERN, GREEK, OR BYZANTINE EMPIRE 
 i. The Roman Empire was divided by Theodosius,. . . .95 A. D. 
 
 2. The period of Justinian, 527 — 565 k ' 
 
 a. The re-conquest ot Italy. 
 
 b. The code of laws. 0. Famous buildings. 
 
 3. The encroachments of the Saracens. 
 
 4. Constantinople was attacked by the Russians, S05 " 
 
 5. The Greek Church was separated from the Latin,. 1054 " 
 
 6. The wars with the Seljuk Turks. 
 
 7. The part the Greeks took in the crusades. 
 
 8. The Latin kingdom at Constantinople, ... . 1201 — 126' " 
 
 9. The capture of Constantinople, 1453 " 
 
 10. The civilization at Constantinople. 
 
 11. The Greek Church. 
 
 FRANCE TO THE TIME OF CHARLEMAGNE. 
 
 1. The battle of Chalons, ,451 A. D. 
 
 a. The bravery of the Teutons. 
 
 2. The establishment of the Teutons in Gaul. 
 
 a. The supremacy of the Franks. 
 1'. The victories of Clovis. 
 
 2'. The adoption of the Christian religion. 
 3'. Clovis distributed the land among his chiefs. 
 
 b. The Merovingian Dynasty, 498 — 752 A.D. 
 
 1'. It was founded by Clovis. 
 
 2'. Clovis divided the kingdom among his sons. 
 
 3'. Mayors of the Palace. 
 a\ Charles Martel. 
 
 1". The battle of Tours,or Poitiers, 732 u 
 2". He strengthened the kingdom. 
 
 b\ Pepin le Bref. 
 
 1", He was crowned king... 752 " 
 
 c. The Carlovingian Dynasty, 752—986 " 
 
 1'. Pepin established the temporal 
 
 power of the church, 755 " 
 
 . Pepin extended the kingdom of the Franks 
 to the Pyrenees. 
 Pepin divided the kingdom between his 
 
 two sons, Charles and Carloman, 7G8 " 
 
 THE PERIOD OF CHARLEMAGNE. 
 
 1. Charles and Carloman received the kingdom jointly, 768 A. D. 
 
 2. The death of Carloman. 
 
 3. The Franks chose Charlemagne their king, 771 " 
 
 4. The two sons of Carloman took refuge with the Lombards. 
 
 5. Wars with the Lombards, Saxons, Arabs and 
 
 Saracens. 
 
 6. Charlemagne was crowned emperor, 800 
 
 7. Extent and capitals of the empire. 
 
 8. Energy, character, and scholarship of Charlemagne. 
 
 9. Schools. Alcuin. 
 
26 OUTLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY. 
 
 10. Charlemagne protected and increased the power of the church, 
 xi. Charlemagne divided the empire among his three sons, 
 
 giving the preference to Louis, 813 A. D. 
 
 12. Death, 814 " 
 
 FRANCE THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 1. France was made a separate kingdom by the treaty 
 
 of Verdun, .".843 A. D. 
 
 2. The Carlovingian dynasty, 752—986 " 
 
 a. The character of the kings after Charlemagne. 
 
 b. The invasions of the Normans. 
 
 r. The settlement of the Normans in France,. . . 911 u 
 
 3. The Capetian dynasty 987—1328 " 
 
 a. Hugh Capet was chosen king by the lords and 
 
 bishops of France. Opposition. 
 
 b. The peace of God, and the Truce of God. 
 
 c. The Norman conquest of England, ..1066 " 
 
 d. Part in the first and second crusades. 
 
 e. The marriage of Eleanor with Henry II. of England. 
 
 f. Philip II. (Augustus),. 1180—1223 " 
 
 1'. He increased the royal authority. 
 2'. He took part in the third crusade. 
 
 3'. He wrested from King John the 
 English provinces in France. 
 
 4', He fostered learning.- 
 5'. The persecution of the Albigenses. 
 p. The character of Louis IX. 
 
 h Philip IY. (the Fair), 1285—1314 " 
 
 1'. The war with Edward I. of England. 
 2'. The revolt of the Flemings. 
 
 3'. The suppression of the Knights Tem] Inrs. 
 4\ The Third Estate was created, 1302 A D. 
 
 t. The popes resided at Avignon, l Z°S — J 37^ " 
 
 /. The passage of the Salic law, 13 17 u 
 
 k. The persecution of the Jews. 
 
 i The House of Vale's 1328—1589 •• 
 
 a . The Hundred Years' war, . . . 1340—1451 ll 
 
 l\ The battle at Crecy, 1340 " 
 
 2'. The siege of Calais, 1346 u 
 
 3'. The battle at Poitiers 1356 " 
 
 4'. John was imprisoned in England, 1356 — 1364 " 
 
 5'. The death of the Black Prince, 1376 " 
 
 6'. The battle at Agincourt, 1415 " 
 
 7'. The treaty of Troyes, 1417 " 
 
 S'. Henrv V. of England was proclaimed 
 
 regent of France. 
 
 9'. The siege of Orleans, 1429. ) Joan 
 
 io\ Charles VII. was crowned at Rheims. ) oi Arc. 
 
 1 1'. The English lost all of their possessions in 
 France, except Calais. 
 
 b. Charles V., 1364—1380 " 
 
 1 \ He fixed the majority of the king at the age of thirteen. 
 2'. He made the parliament of Paris permanent. 
 3'. He established the gabelle. 
 
 • Pay especial attention to causes and results. 
 
OUTLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY. 27 
 
 4'. He directed the translation of the Bible. 
 
 5'. He founded the royal library. 
 
 6'. The Bastile was begun in this reign. 
 
 C. Charles VI, (the insane king), 13S0— 1422 A. D. 
 
 d. Charles VII 1422—1461 " 
 
 i\ The creation of a standing army. 
 2'. Local parliaments were organized. 
 3'. c\n impulse was given to learning, by the 
 canture of Constantinople. 
 
 C. Louis XT 1461— 1483 
 
 1'. Trouble with the noblos. 
 a\ Charles the Bold. 
 
 2'. The beginning of a postal system,. 1464 '< 
 
 3'. He encouraged industries and learning. 
 
 / Charles VIII 1483—1498 " 
 
 a. Marriage with Anne of Brittany. 
 
 b. The invasion of Italy. 
 
 GERMANY THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 1. Germany was made a separate kingdom by the treaty 
 
 of Verdun, 843 A. D 
 
 2 . The Carlo vingian dynasty, ; 843-9 11 l ' 
 
 3. An elective monarchy, *... ..911-1871 " 
 
 a. Henry I. the Fowler. 
 
 b. Otho the Great. 
 
 1. He was crowned Emperor of the West,. ..962 " 
 
 c. Henry IV, 
 
 i*. Quarrel with the Church. 
 
 d. Conrad III. 
 
 i\ He went on the second crusade. 
 
 e. Frederick Barbarossa. 
 
 1'. War with the Lombard cities. 
 2'. Part in the third crusade. 
 
 f. The emperor was elected from the Austrian 
 
 branch of the house of Hapsburg, . . ..1438 — 1S06 A. D. 
 
 4. The insurrection in the Swiss Cantons, 14th cen " 
 
 a. Gesler and William Tell. 
 
 b. The beginning of Swiss independence. 
 
 5. The execution of John Huss, of Bohemia, 141 5 " 
 
 6. The execution of Jerome, of Prague, 1416 " 
 
 7. Writers, a. Minnesingers, b. Meibtersingers. 
 
 8. The invention of printing, 15 cen. " 
 
 ITALY THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 1. Italy was made a separate kingdom by the treaty of 
 
 Verdun, S43 A. D. 
 
 2. Otho 1. of Germany, added Italy to his possessions, 962 " 
 
 The struggles between the emperors and the popes. 
 
 3. The league of Lombardy, 1167 " 
 
 4. The peace of Constance, 1 1S3 " 
 
 5. The Italian republics. 
 
 a. Origin. 
 
 1'. A continuation of the ancient governments. 
 2'. The invasions of the Huns, Saracens, and others. 
 3'. The oppre-sions of the German emperors. 
 
28 OUTLINES IN MEDIEVAL HISTORY. 
 
 0. Venice. ) i\ Possessions. 2'. Government. 
 C. Florence, j 3'. Commerce. 4'. Causes of Decay. 
 
 6. The popes resided at Avignon, France, 1305 — 1378 A. D. 
 
 7. The attempt of Rienzi to revive the Roman Republic, 1347 u 
 
 8. The great Schism in the Church, .1378—1417 " 
 
 9. The Council of Constance, 1414 — 141 7 M 
 
 10. Artists, a. Giotto, b. FraAngelico. c. Leonardo 
 
 da Vinci. 
 
 11. Writers, a. Dante, b. Petrarch, c Bocaccio. 
 
 d. Macchiavelli. 
 
 SPAIN THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 1. The Visigothic kingdom in Spain. 
 
 2. The establishment of the Saracenic kingdom, 
 
 a. The battle of Xeres, 711 A. D. 
 
 b. Cordova was made the capital. 
 
 c. The Alhambra. 
 
 3. The conquests of Charlemagne. 
 
 a. The death of Roland. 
 
 4. The kingdom of the Ommeyades, ..755 — 1031 " 
 
 5. The rise of the Spanish kingdom. 
 
 a. The battle of Tolosa 1212 " 
 
 6. The union of Castile and Aragon 1479 " 
 
 7. The fall of Grenada, 1492 " 
 
 8. The discovery of America, " " 
 
 PORTUGAL THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 i. It was at first a part of Castile. 
 
 2. Henry of Burgundy received it as a feudal tenure, 1093 
 
 3. It was made an independent kingdom, H39 
 
 4. It was extended to its present limits, 1252 
 
 5. The voyages and discoveries of Prince 
 
 Henry the navigator 15th cen. 
 
 6. The discovery of Cape of Good Hope by 
 
 Bartholomew Diaz, 1487 
 
 7. The voyage of Vasco da Gam;i 1497 
 
 THE INVASIONS OF THE MONGOLIAN TRIBES 
 
 1. The Avars settled in Bulgaria, about 560 A. D. 
 
 2. The Magyars settled in Hungary, " 900 " 
 
 The Seliuk Turks controlled Asia Minor, 1055 — 1272 " 
 
 The Tartar empire under Genghis Khan, 13th. cen. " 
 
 The Ottoman Turks invaded Asia Minor, 1299 u 
 
 44 44 4l settled in Europe, 1356 " 
 
 The conquests of the Tartar, Tamerlane, 14th. cen. " 
 
 a. The battle of Angora, 1402 44 
 
 8. The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople, 1453 " 
 

 j , OITLINLS IN If] Dl.V.VAL HISTOEY. £9 
 
 
 ENGLAND THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 
 THE Rl'LE OK THE ANGLO-SAXONS AND THE DANES. 
 
 1. 
 
 The Tcutuns came into Britain 449 A. D. 
 
 
 a. Vortigcm and Rowena. b. Hengist and Horsa.J 
 
 2. 
 
 The Saxon kingdoms. 
 
 3. 
 
 Christianity wafl re-introduced into Britain, 597 t4 
 
 4. 
 
 Egbert, . . .' bOO— 836 " 
 
 
 a. He was educateu at the court of Charlemagne. 
 
 
 
 
 <-. Wars with the Danes. 
 
 5. 
 
 Ethelwr.lf. Etheibert, and Ethelred, 83rJ— 871 " 
 
 6. 
 
 Alfred the Great 871—901 " 
 
 
 a. Incidents in his childhood. 
 
 
 b. Wars with the Danes. 
 
 
 i'. The defeat and exile of Alfred. 
 
 
 2'. The defeat of the Danes. 
 
 
 3'. Treaty with the Danes. 
 
 
 a. They were permitted to settle m Northum- 
 
 
 tiia and Ea.st Anglia. 
 
 
 b. The D:»r.c> embraced Christianity. 
 
 
 4'. A tax for pj olection was laid upon towns on 
 
 
 the sea coast. 
 
 
 5'. Books were translated into the Anglo-Saxon 
 
 
 language. 
 
 
 6'. Oxford University and other schools were 
 
 
 e^tab isb.ed. ! - 
 
 
 7'. Manufacures, commerce, and inventions 
 
 
 were fostered. 
 
 
 8'. The administration of the government was 
 
 
 wise and energetic. 
 
 7 
 8. 
 
 
 Athelstane 925—941 " 
 
 
 a. The zenith period of the Saxons. 
 
 
 b. Any merchant who made three long sea voyages 
 
 
 on his own account was admitted to the rank of 
 
 
 thane, or gentieman. 
 
 9- 
 
 Edmund, Edred, Edwy, Edgar, snd Edward the 
 
 
 Martyr (The Bov-Kings), 941—978 " 
 
 10. 
 
 
 11. 
 
 Ethelred 11. (the Unnauy). 
 
 
 a. The invasions of the Danes, b- Danegeld 
 
 
 c. The mastacre of the Danes, d. The flight of Ethelred. 
 
 12. 
 
 The period of the Danes. 
 
 a. The wise government oi Canute. 
 
 
 
 b. Marriage with Emma, the wife of Ethelred. 
 
 
 c. The erection of churches and monasteries. 
 
 
 
 13, 
 
 The restoration of the Saxon kiugs. ..... 1042 " 
 
 
 
 
 1'. Earl Godwin was his chief supporter and adviser. 
 
 
 2'. Conduct toward his mother, Emma. 
 
 
 3'. The elevation of the Normans to places of power. 
 
 
 4'. The introduction of the French language. 
 
 
 customs, and laws. 
 
 .»-.. 
 
 c\ The visit of William of Normandv. 
 
 - i 
 
F 
 
 30 OUTLINES LN MEDIAEVAL HI8TORY. 
 
 6'. The oath of Harold. 
 b. The crowning of Harold II. 
 
 i'. The victory over the Norwegians. 
 
 2\ The battle of Hastings, 1066 A. D. 
 
 14. The Witenagemot, the great council of the nation. 
 
 15. The Shire-mote, the county court. 
 
 16. The character and manners of the Saxons. 
 
 THE NORMAN LINE OF KINGS. 
 
 1. William the conqueror, 1066— I0S7 " 
 
 a. The claims of William to the throne of England. 
 
 b. The persistence of the Saxons. 
 
 c. The confiscated lands were divided 
 among the chiefs. 
 
 d. The Doomsday book. e. The curfew. 
 
 f. The game laws, and the royal forest. 
 
 g. The adminittration of William. 
 
 * 2. The death of William II. in the New Forest. 
 
 3. Henry I. (Beauclerc), 1100—1135 " 
 
 a. Iniustice and cruelty to his brother Robert. 
 
 b. Trie feudal power was at its height. 
 
 c. Insurrections, led by the Empress Maude. 
 
 4. St ephen, 1 1 85 — 1 j 54 u 
 
 a. He permitted the nobles to fortify their castles. 
 
 b. Treaty with Henry Plantagenet, 
 
 5. The Normans. 
 
 a. Drer-s. b. Meals, c. Language, d. Character. 
 
 e. Results of their conquest of England. 
 
 PLANTAGENETS. 
 
 1. Henry II. (Plantagenet), 1154—1169 A. D. 
 
 a. Right to the throne, b. Inheritance from his father. 
 
 c. M-rriage with Eleanor, d. The reduction of the barons. 
 e. Interference with the ecclesiastical power. 
 
 a. The Constitutions of Clarendon. 
 
 b. Thomas a'Becket. 
 
 c. The humiliation of Henry. 
 
 /'. The conquest of Ireland, 1172 A. D. 
 
 a. The permission of the pope. 
 
 b. The appointment of a viceroy. 
 
 g. Scotland became a feudal tenure of 
 
 England, 1175 " 
 
 //. Domestic troubles. 
 
 j. The progress in learning and art. 
 
 2. Richard I. (Cceur de Lion), 1189—1199 " 
 
 a. Part in the third crusade. 
 
 b. The regency of John. 
 
 c. Troubles with France. 
 
 d. The persecution of the Jews. 
 
 3. John (Lackland), 1199—1216 " 
 
 a. The murder of Prince Arthur. 
 
 b. The loss of the English possessions in France. 
 
 c. The quarrel between John and Innocent III. 
 
 1'. The appointment of Stephen Langion. 
 
OUTLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY 31 
 
 2*. England was under an interdict tour years. 
 3'. The excommunication of John. 
 4'. Philip Augustus of France was commis- 
 sioned to conquer England. 
 
 5'. The submission of John to the pope. 
 
 d. The contest with the barons. 
 
 1'. John signed the Magna Charta at 
 
 Runnjmede, June J 5, 1215 A. I). 
 
 2'. The barons received aid from France. 
 
 4. Henry III., 1216—1272 • 
 
 a. The government during the minority of the king. 
 6. Insurrection of the barons under Simon de Montford. 
 l*. The rule of the twenty-four barons. 
 
 2\ The origin of the House of Com- 
 mons, 1265 * 
 
 5. Edward L, 1272—1307 " 
 
 a. The conquest of Wales. 
 
 l\ The heir to the crown was made Prince of Wales. 
 
 b. The war with Scotland. 
 
 1'. The contest between John Baliol and Robert Bruce. 
 2'. The claim of Edward to the Scottish throne. 
 3'. The decision of the lawyers was in favor of Baliol. 
 4'. Secret alliance between Baliol and the French king. 
 5'. The successes of the Scots under William Wallace. 
 6'. The final victory of the English. 
 
 c. The improvement in the laws of England. 
 
 d. The confirmation of the Magna Charta. 
 c. Edward conceded to the people that no taxes could 
 
 be lawfully imposed without the consent of 
 parliament. 
 
 6. Edward 1L, 1307—1327 A. D. 
 
 a. The battle of Bannockburn, 13i4 " 
 
 b. The influence of favorites. 
 
 c. The opposition to his queen, Isabella. 
 
 d. The deposition and murder of Edward. 
 
 e. The power of Isabella and Mortimer. 
 
 7. Edward III., 1327—1377 " 
 
 a. Scotland was again made tributary to England. 
 
 1\ The battle of Halidown Hill. 1333 " 
 
 b. The claims of Edward to the throne of France. 
 
 c. The Hundred Years' War. 
 
 1'. The heroism of the Bteck Prince. 
 
 2'. The capture of Calais, 1347 " 
 
 d. The prevalence of a great plague. 
 
 8. Richard II., 1377— 1899 " 
 
 a. The insurrection, led by Wat Tyler, 1381 " 
 
 b. The deposition of the king. 
 
 9. Literary men of this period. 
 
 a. Wycliffe, Chaucer, Gower, and Mandeville. 
 
 THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK. 
 
 1. The House of Lancaster,* 1399 — 1461 A. D- 
 
 1. Henry IV., 1399—1413 u 
 
 *No Lancastrian king ventured to Impose taxes without consent of Parliament 
 
32 OUTLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY. 
 
 a. Persecution of the Lollards, or Wycliffites. 
 
 b. Conspiracies. 
 
 c. The power of the commons was increased. 
 
 2. Henry V., 1413—1422 A. D. 
 
 a. The Hundred Years' War. 
 
 1. The battle of Agincourt, 1415 " 
 
 2. The treaty of Troves, 1420 " 
 
 3. Henry VL, ." 1422—1461 " 
 
 a. The marriage of the king with Margaret of Anjou. 
 
 b. The incapacity of the king. 
 
 c. The Hundred Years' War* 
 
 1' . The siege of Orleans, 1429 " 
 
 a\ Joan of Arc. 
 2'. The English lost all their possessions in 
 
 France except Calais, 1451 M 
 
 d l he Jack Cade insurrection, 1 450 " 
 
 4. The war of the Roses, f M15 — 14>5 " 
 
 a. The battle of St. Albans, 1455 •' 
 
 b. The battle of Northampton, 1460 u 
 
 a. Henry VI. was captured and imprisoned. 
 
 c. The power of the Earl ot Warwick, the king-maker. 
 
 d. The House of York 1461—1485 « 
 
 1'. Edward IV., 1461—1483 u 
 
 a\ The efforts of queen Margaret to 
 regain the throne. 
 
 1\ The battle of Towton, 1461 " 
 
 £.' The character and marriage of Edward. 
 
 c\ The desertion of Warwick and Clarence. 
 
 d\ The flight of the king. 
 
 e\ The restoration of Henry VI. 
 
 f\ The battle of Tewksbury, . .1471 " 
 
 g\ The death of Margaret 1482 " 
 
 2\ "Edward V., 1483 " 
 
 a\ Richard, Duke of Gloster was ap- 
 pointed protector, and he usurped 
 the throne. 
 
 3\ Richard III., 1483—1485 " 
 
 a\ The murder of the princes. 
 
 V. The battle of Bos worth, . . .1485 " 
 
 5. Silk making was introduced into England. 
 
 6. The introduction of printing, 1474 u 
 
 7. King's College and Eton College were founded. 
 
 S. The Miracle plays and the Moralities were introduced. 
 
 THE FIRST CRUSADE. 
 I, Time. II. Causes. III. Leaders. IY. Number. 
 Y. Routes of travel. YI. Events. VII. Results. 
 
 Outline the second and third crusades according to the model 
 given above. Draw a map of Europe and eastern Asia, 
 showing the routes of travel, and locating the places men- 
 tioned in each crusade. Look up the Children's, and the 
 later crusades. 
 
 *Pay especial attention to the results. . 
 tl'ay especial atteution to causes and results. 
 
OUTLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY. 33 
 
 THE CRUSADES. 
 
 I. Time. The twelfth and thirteenth centuries. 
 II. Causes. 
 
 i. The enmity between the Christians and Mohammedans. 
 
 The unsettled condition of the people. 
 
 1 he system of government, 
 
 A belief that the end of the world was at hand. 
 
 The insults and abuses of the Christians at Jerusalem. 
 
 The patriarch of Constantinople petitioned the pope 
 for help against the Turks. 
 7. The preaching of Peter the Hermit. 
 
 III. Object. To free the holy sepulcher and the sacred city 
 » from the dominion of the Turks 
 
 IV. Leading Nations. France, England, Germany, and Italy. 
 V. Results. 
 
 1. Evil. 
 
 a. The loss of life and the destruction of property. 
 
 b. The degradation in morals. 
 
 c. They increased the spirit of religious intolerance. 
 
 2. Good. 
 
 a. The western nations become better acquainted 
 
 with each other. 
 
 b. The western nations came in contact with Greek 
 
 and Saracenic learning. 
 c Commerce and manufacturing were greatly increased. 
 
 d. The decline of feudalism. 
 
 e. The development of chivalry. 
 
 f. The crusaders ruled Jerusalem eighty-eight years, 
 and Constantinople sixty years. 
 
 THE FEUDAL SYSTEM. 
 
 1. Origin, character, and prevalence in Europe. 
 
 2. The distribution of the land in Italy by Theodoric. 
 
 3. Extension of the system in England by William the Conqueror 
 
 4. Feudal classes. 
 
 a. Lord, suzerain, or chief. ) ^ .. c , 
 
 , ,r ', ,. ' . . > Duties of each. 
 
 /;. Vassal, liegeman, or retainer. ) 
 
 c. Serfs. 
 
 5. The difference between an allod and a fief. 
 
 6. Describe a feudal castle. 
 
 7. The origin of the villages. 
 
 8. The period of greatest influence. 
 
 9. The causes of its decline. 
 
 a. The increase of the royal power. ") 
 
 b. The change in the ownership of the land. 
 
 c. The increase in the power of the middle 
 
 and lower classes. 
 1'. Freedom was granted to the serfs or These were 
 slaves it they became crusaders. y mainly due to 
 
 The growth of the cities, or municipalities 
 1'. The rise of manufacturing interests. 
 2'. An increase in trade and commerce. 
 3'. The Hanseatic and Lombard leagues. | 
 The growing influence of the church. J 
 
 the crusades. 
 
34 OUTLINES IN MEDL35VAL HISTOBY. 
 
 CHIVALRY. 
 I. OrigiD. 
 
 i. It is lost in the early history of the Teutons. 
 
 2. It received its religious character in the middle ages. 
 
 3. It was brought to maturity in the crusades. 
 
 II. Orders. 
 
 1. Page. > Age. 
 
 2. Squire. ) Duties. 
 
 3. Knight. 
 
 > a. Age. 
 
 b. Initiatory ceremonies. 
 
 i\ Fasis. 2'. Baths. 3*. Prayers. 4'. Vows. 
 
 5'. Clothed with the armor. 6'. Struck with a sword. 
 
 c. The result of breaking the vows. 
 
 III. Tournaments. 
 
 IV. Causes of decline. 
 
 1. The decline of feudalism. 
 
 2. T t he change in the mode of warfare. 
 
 V. Results. 
 
 1. Evil. 
 
 a. Its opportunities were abused. 
 
 b. The modern duel. 
 
 2. Good. 
 
 a. Valor, politeness, and loyalty to a brother in arms 
 
 were maintained. 
 
 b. The weak and the Church were protected. 
 
 c. Woman was elevated. 
 
 THE RISE OF THE PAPAL POWER. 
 
 1. The power of the Church was increased by the over- 
 
 throw of the civil power, 476 A. D. 
 
 2. The residents of the exarchs at Ravenna gave the pope 
 
 greater authority at Rome. 
 
 3. The temporal power of the church. 
 
 a. It was established by Pepin, 755 « 
 
 b. It was confirmed and extended by Charlemagne. 
 
 c. It was increased under the weak Carlovingian king. 
 
 4. The struggle between the popes and German emperors. 
 
 a. The pope as a civil monarch was a vassal of the emperor. 
 
 b. The right of investiture was claimed by the emperor. 
 
 c. Hildebrand, or Gregory VII. 
 
 1'. Efforts when cardinal. 2'. Edict when pope. 
 3'. The war with Henry IV. 
 
 a\ The Guelphs and the Ghibellines.* 
 
 b\ The ex-communication and the humilia- 
 tion of Henry. 
 
 c\ The renewal of the war. 
 
 d\ The exile of Gregory. 
 4'. The policy of succeeding popes and emperors. 
 
 5. Innocent III. 
 
 a. He forced the praefect of Rome to swear allegiance 
 
 to him. 
 
 b. He made King John of England his vassal. 
 
 c. He inaugurated a crusade against the Albigenses. 
 
 •The Ghibellines were the friends of the emperors. Hie Guelpbs sided with the 
 popes. 
 
0UTLINE8 IN MEDI.KVAL HISTORY. 
 
 35 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 
 CIVILIZATION IN THE MIDDLE AGES. 
 
 The Dark Ages, 5th— 12th Cen. A. D. 
 
 i. The causes of the loss of culture. 
 
 a. The decay of Roman civilization. 
 
 b. The conquests of the barbarians. 
 
 c. The change in the language, d. Writing became a lost art. 
 e. The scarcity of books. 
 
 2. It was an age of superstitions. 
 
 3. Industries. 
 
 a. Agriculture was in a backward state. 
 
 b. Manufacturing was done on a limited scale in the houses. 
 
 c. Traffic was imperiled by robbers. 
 
 4. The influence of the church. 
 
 a. The monastery was a refuge for the oppressed. 
 
 b. The church bridged the chasm between the ancient and 
 
 the modern civilizations. 
 
 c. The Benedictine monks were the best husbandmen in 
 
 Europe. 
 
 5. Noted men. 
 
 a. Venerable Bede, Alcuin, John Scotus, and Pope Sylvester. 
 
 The period of Revival, 12th — 16th cen. A. D. 
 
 9- 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 
 13- 
 14. 
 
 The growth of towns. The formation of leagues. 
 
 The growth of commerce and manufactures. 
 
 Money lending. The Jews. The earliest banks. 
 
 Houses, comforts, and the sumptuary laws. 
 
 The rise of universities. 
 
 The scholastic period. 
 
 Noted philosophers and writers. 
 
 Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Albertus Magnus, 
 Roscelin Anselm. Abelard, Peter Lombard, Roger 
 Bacon, Chaucer, Wycliffe, Mandeville, Macchiavelli, 
 Petrarch, Bocaccio, and Dante. 
 
 Saracenic learning and literature. 
 
 The invention of printing and the manufacture of paper. 
 
 The inventions of the compass and the astrolabe. 
 
 The voyages and discoveries of Prince Henry the navigator. 
 
 The change in the art of warfare. 
 
 Noted artists. Giotto, Fra Angelico, Leonard da Vinci. 
 
 Gothic architecture. 
 
 CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE CENTURIES. 
 
 Sixth Century, 
 (Seventh " 
 Eighth " 
 
 Ninth 
 
 Tenth 
 
 Eleventh 
 
 Twelfth 
 
 Thirteenth 
 Fourteenth 
 Fifteenth 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 Revolutions and invasions. 
 
 The spread of Mohammedanism. 
 The temporal power of the popes. 
 The power of Charlemagne. 
 The formation of modern nations. 
 The reign of Alfred the Great. 
 Darkness and superstitions. 
 The conquests of England. 
 The crusades. 
 
 The English Magna Charta, and the House of 
 Commons. A revival in art. Giotto. 
 
 The Third Estate in Frarce. 
 
 Literary development. 
 ^ The Hundred Years' War. 
 } The War of the Roses. 
 
OUTLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY 
 
 A LIST OF SUBJECTS FOR TOPICS OR ESSAYS. 
 
 I. Mahomet as a reformer. 2. Saracenic kingdom in Spain. 
 
 3. Charlemagne. 4. The work of Justinian. 5. Byzantine civilization. 
 
 6. Giotto and his work. 7. Gothic architecture. 8. The Teuton. 
 
 9. The work of Alfred the Great. 10. Dunstan. 
 
 11. The Norman conquest of England. 12. Thomas a' Becket. 
 
 13. The early history of Ireland. 14. The Scholastic philosophy. 
 
 15. The influence and temporal power of the church. 
 
 16. The influence of the crusades. 17, Chivalry. 
 18. Feudalism as a system of government. 
 
 MONARCHS OF THE MEDIAEVAL PERIOD. 
 
 SIXTH CZEHsTTTTiair. 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 Anastasius, 491—518 A. D. Tiberius II., 578—582 A. % D. 
 
 Justinian I, 5 2 7— 5°5 " Maurice, 582 — 602 «' 
 
 Justin II., 565— 578 " 
 
 KINGS OF THE FRANKS. 
 
 / 
 
 (Merovingian Line.) 
 
 Clovis, 481 — 511 A. D. Charibert, Gontran, ) , q a n 
 
 Chiidebert Thierry, ) ■ „ Sigebert & Childeric, } 5°2-5»4. A •**• 
 
 Clotaire&Gtodomir J 5 559 Clotaire II. 584—596 " 
 
 Clotaire, 559 — 562 " Thierry II,&Theodobert,596-- " 
 
 SBVEUTH OEZsTTTTK^-ST. 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 Phocas, 602—61 1 A. D. Constantius V., 668—685 A. D. 
 
 Heraclius, 611 — 641 u Justinian II., 6S5 — 695 " 
 
 Constantine, 641 — 642 " Leontius, 695 — 697 " 
 
 Constans, 642—668 ■ Tiberius, 697 " . 
 
 KINGS OF THE FRANKS. 
 
 Thierry II. and ) r « n Sigebert & Clovis 11,-638 — 654 A. D. 
 
 Theodobert II., J * ■"" 4 "' Childeric II., 654—679 " 
 
 Clotaire III., 614—628 " Thierry IV., 679—692 " 
 
 Dagobertand ) ,,0 .,0 „ Clovis III. 692—695 " 
 
 Charibert, ) ' • 025 ~~ ° 3S Chiidebert III., 695 ■« 
 
 ZEJIO-IHCTIH: CSISTTTJE^Y. 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 Tiberius, 71 1 A, D. Constantine 
 
 Philippicus Copronvmus, 741 — 775 A. D. 
 
 Bardanes, 711 — 713 " Leo IV., 775 — 7S1 " 
 
 Anastasius II., 713 — 714 " Constantine 
 
 Theodosiu8 III .,. . .714 — 716 u Porphyrogenitus,.7Si — £02 u 
 
 Leo the Isaurian,. .716 — 741 " 
 
 KINGS OF THE FRANKS. 
 
 Chiidebert III 7" A. D. Childeric III., 742—751 A. D. 
 
 Dagobert III., 711— 716 " (Carlovingian Line.) 
 
 Childeric 716—720 * Pepin le Bref, 751—768 " 
 
 Thierry, 720—742 a Charlemagne, 76S — 800 ■ 
 
OUTLINES IN MEDIEVAL HISTORY. 
 
 Nicephorus, 802 — 811 A 
 
 Michael, 811— 813 " 
 
 Leo the Armenian, .813 — 821 " 
 Michael the 
 
 Stammerer,. . .821 — 829 M 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE WEST. 
 
 Charlemagne, 800 — 814 A. D. 
 
 Louis the 
 
 Debonnaire, . ..814 — 840 " 
 
 zdntizdntti-h: c^bistttj jeo"Z" . 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 I) 
 
 Theophllus, 829—842 4. I) 
 
 Michael III., 843— 8S6 " 
 
 Leo the Philosopher. . . S86 " 
 
 KINGS OF FRANCE. 
 
 Charles the Bald, 840—877 A. D. 
 
 Louis the S tarn merer,. S77 — 879 M 
 Louis III. and 
 
 Car loman 879— -8S4 " 
 
 Charles the Fat S84— fcSf " 
 
 Eudes, SS7— 898 M 
 
 EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 Lothar I. 840—8^5 A. D. 
 
 Ludwigll., S55 — S75 " 
 
 Karl II. the Bald,. 875— S76 « 
 
 Karloman, 876 — 8S0 
 
 Arnulf SSo— S99 
 
 D. 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 SAXON LINE. 
 
 Egbert, 827—837 A. D. 
 
 Ethel wolf, 837—857 " 
 
 Ethelhald, 857— 860 " 
 
 Ethelbert, 860—866 A. D. 
 
 Ethelred, 866— S72 « 
 
 Alfred the Great, S72 — 901 M 
 
 I^o the Pr*ikj«opher,- 
 (Vxwtani-ine IX.,... .91 1 — 91 5 
 
 Constantine and ) 
 
 Romanus,.... J'" *> ^™ 
 Rcmanus II., 959—963 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 -911 A. D 
 
 Nfcephorus Phocas, ..963 — 969 A. D. 
 
 John Zimisces, 969 — 975 u 
 
 Basilius and > u 
 
 Constantine X.,.. . ) ' '*'$ 
 
 EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 Ludwig IV., 899 — 911 A. D, Otho the Great, 936 — 973 A. D. 
 
 Conrad, 911 — 920 " Otho II 673 — 983 " 
 
 Henry the Foss-ler,.92o — 936 " Otho III,, 9S3-1002 " 
 
 KINGS OF FRANCE. 
 
 Charles the Simple T 89S— 923 A. D. 
 
 R odolph, 923 — 936 " 
 
 Louis IV., 936 — 954 t; 
 
 Lothaire, 954 — 986 " 
 
 Louis V., 986— 987 A. D. 
 
 (Capetian Line.) 
 
 Hugh Capet, 987 — 996 ,s 
 
 Robert the wise, 99°- u 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Edward the Elder,. .901 — 92$ A. D. 
 
 Athelstane, 925 — 941 M 
 
 Edmund I., 941 — 948 " 
 
 Eldred, 94§— 955 " 
 
 Edwy, 955—959 A. D. 
 
 Edgar, 959—976 « 
 
 Edward IT., 976—978 " 
 
 Ethelred II., 978 " 
 
 ELEVENTH CIEIErTTTJ^-Z-. 
 
 EMPKRQRS OP THE RA-ST. 
 
 -102S A. D. 
 
 Basilius and > 
 ConstantineX., ] 
 Rrrraamts III., 102S-1042 
 
 Rcap-ess Zoe ) 104.2-10-6 
 and Theodora, \ ' 
 
 MictueJ VI., 1056-1057 
 
 Isaac CbmnenuA,.. 1057-1059 
 
 Constantine X., 1059-1067 A. D. 
 
 Eudoxiaand > , ,„ 
 
 Constantine XL,.. \ "*7-«o68 " 
 
 Romanus IV., 106S-1071 " 
 
 Michael, 1071-.107S " 
 
 The Comneni, 1078-1081 " 
 
 Alexis 1 10S1 " 
 
38 
 
 OUTLINES IN MEDLEVAL HISTORY. 
 
 EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 Henry of Bavaria, 1002-1024 A. D. Henry III., 1039-1056 A. D. 
 
 Conrad 1 I.,. . 1024-1039 " Henry IV., 1056 •' 
 
 Robert the wise, . 
 
 Henry I., 1 031-1060 
 
 KINGS OF FRANCE. 
 
 -1031 A. D. Philip I., 1060- 
 
 A.D. 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Ethelred II.,. 
 
 1016A. D. 
 
 (Danish Line.) 
 
 Canute, 1016-1035 
 
 Harold, 1037-1040 
 
 Hardicanute, . . . . ..1040-1042 
 
 (Saxon Line.) 
 Edward the confessor, 104 2- 1066 A. D. 
 
 Harold II., 1066 " 
 
 (Norman Line.) 
 William the conqueror, 1066- 1087 " 
 William Rufus, 1087- «* 
 
 twelfth c:e:n"ttt:r."2\ 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 Alexis I., 1 1 18 A. D. Andronicus I., 1183-1185 A. D. 
 
 John, 1118-1143 " Isaac II., 1185-1195 u 
 
 Manuel, 1143-1183 " Alexis III., 1195-1203 u 
 
 EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 Henry IV., 1106 A. D. Frederick Barbarossa, 1152-1190 A. D- 
 
 Henry V, 1106-1I38 " Henry VI ., 1190-1198 " 
 
 Conrad III.,. 1138-1152 " 
 
 KINGS OF FRANCE. 
 
 Philip I., . 1108 A. D. Louis VII, 1137-1180 A. D. 
 
 Louis VI., 1108-1137 ** Philip Augustus, 1180 " 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 William Rufus,. . 1100 A. D. (Plantagenet Line.) 
 
 Henry I., 1100-1135 
 
 Stephen 1135- 1154 
 
 Henry II, 1154-1189 A. D. 
 
 Richard!., 1189-1199 u 
 
 THTBTEE1n"TII CEUTUSY. 
 
 EMPERORS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. 
 
 Isaac, 1203-1204 A. 
 
 Alexis IV., 1204 
 
 Ducas, 1204 
 
 Latin Empire. 
 
 Baldwvn, 1204-1206 
 
 Henry", ...... 12* 6-1 2 16 
 
 Peter, 1216-1219 
 
 Robert, 1219-122S 
 
 D. John, 122S-1231 A. D. 
 
 '• Greek Emperors of Nicaea. 
 
 " John Ducas, 1222-1255 u 
 
 Theodorus 11., 1255— r 261 u 
 
 u John Lascarts, 1261 " 
 
 ;< Michael, 1261-1282 " 
 
 " Andronicus II., 1282 " 
 
 EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 Otho, .1198-1212 A. D. Alphonso, 1257-1273 A. D. 
 
 Frederick II. 1212-1247 «■ Rodolph, 1273-1291 « 
 
 William, 1 247-1 257 " Adolph, 1 291-1298 " 
 
 Richard, 1257 " 
 
 KINGS OF FRANCE. 
 
 Philip Augustus, 
 Lous VIII.,. 
 
 1223 A. D. Philip III., 1270-12S5 A. D. 
 
 1223-1226 " Philip IV F2S5 " 
 
 Louis IX., 1226-1270 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 John, 1199-1216 A. D. Edward I., ..1276- 
 
 Henry III., 1216-1276 u 
 
OUTLINES IN MEDIAEVAL HISTORY. 39 
 
 ZFOTTIRTIE.ElSrTTa: CEUTTJRY 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 Aixironicus [I.,... 1332 A. D. John Cantacuzenus,.. . 1347-1355 A. D- 
 
 Andronicus III.,. .1332-1341 " John Palaeologus,.. . . 1355-1391 " 
 John Palaeologus,i34i-i347 " Manuel Palaeologus,, 1391 " 
 
 EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 Albert 1 1298-130S A. D. Frederick III.' 1314-1347 A. D- 
 
 Henry VII., 1308- 1314 M Charles IV., 1 347-1378 " 
 
 Louis IV., 1314 " Wenceslas, 1378 1400 " 
 
 KINGS OF FRANCE. 
 
 Philip IV., 1314 A. D. Philip VI., 1328-13.50 A. D- 
 
 Louis X, 1314-iyo " John II., 1350- 1364 " 
 
 Philip V., 1316-1322 " Charles V 1364-13S0 " 
 
 Charles IV., 1322-1328 " Charles VI., 1380—; " 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Edward I., 1307 A. D. Edward III., 1 327-1377 A. D- 
 
 Edward II., 1307-1327 " Richard II., I 377~ I 399 " 
 
 FIFTEENTH OttFTTTTTllZ: • 
 
 EMPERORS OF THE EAST. 
 
 Manuel Palaeologus, 1425 A. D- 
 
 John Palaeologus II , . 1425-1448 " 
 
 Constantine XIII. (Palaeologus), 1448-1453 " 
 
 EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 Rupert, 1400-1410 A. D. (House of A ustria.) 
 
 Jossus, 1410 " Albert II., 1438-1440 A. D. 
 
 Sigismund, 1410-1438 " Frederick IV., 1440-1493 " 
 
 Maximilian I , 1493 " 
 
 KINGS OF FRANCE, 
 
 Charles VI. 1422 A. D. Louis XI., 1461-14S3 A. D- 
 
 Charles VII., 1432-1461 " Charles VIII , 1483-1498 « 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Henry IV., 1399-1413 A. D. Edward V., 1483 A. D. 
 
 Henry V., 1413-1422 " Richard III., 1 483-1485 " 
 
 Henrv VI 1422-1461 « Henry VII. 1485 " 
 
 Ed wa-d I V ., 1 461-1483 " 
 
40 OrTLESES LN MODERN HISTOBY. 
 
 Outlines ig ©/fleder-ii yisfeepy. 
 
 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 IMPORTANT TOPICS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 I. The Age of Charles V.,. . . . 1500—1556. 
 
 II. The .Reformation. 
 
 III. The Period of Henry VIII 1485—1509. 
 
 IV. The Age of Elizabeth, 1558—1603. 
 
 V. Thft Rise of the Dutch Repnblic. 
 
 VI. The Civil and Religious wars of France. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION FROM MEDIAEVAL TO MOD- 
 ERN HISTORY. 
 
 1. Maritime discoveries. 
 
 a. Bartholomew Diaz discovered the C. of Good hope, 14S7. 
 
 b. The discovery of America by Columbus, H9 2 - 
 
 c. The circumnavigation of Africa by Vascoda Gama,i497— 8. 
 
 d. " u " the world by Magellan, 15 1.9 — 22, 
 
 2. The rise of great moD archies. 
 
 a. The unification of France. 
 
 b. * " ll Spain. 
 
 c. The establishment of the Tudor dynasty in England. 
 
 3. The capture of Constantinople, H53- 
 
 4. The commencement of the Italian wars. 
 
 a. The effect of standing armies. 
 
 b. The balance of power, or the States-system 
 
 THE RENAISSANCE IN ART. 
 
 1. The 15th and 16th centuries. 
 
 2. A rediscovery of classic art. 
 
 3. Italy. 
 
 a. The great Florentine triad. 
 
 Leonardo da Vinici, Michier Angelo, and Raphael. 
 
 b. St. Peters' is the greatest architectural monument. 
 
..I I I.I.N I.- IN MODKKN BISTORT. -11 
 
 <?. The school of Lombardy. Correggio. 
 d. The Venetian school. 
 
 Georgione, Titian, Paul Veronese, and Tintoret. 
 
 4. England. 
 
 a. The Elizabethan Age. 
 
 i'. St. Paul's. Sir Christopher Wren. 
 
 5. German artists. 
 
 Albrecht Diierer and Holbein the Younger. 
 THE AGE OF CHARLES V., 1500— 1556. 
 
 1. The parentage and inherited possessions of Charles. 
 
 2. The settlement of the imperial crown ] 519. 
 
 3. The Diet of Worms, 1521. 
 
 4. The wars with Francis 1., 1525 — 1544- 
 
 5. The troubles with the Turks. 
 
 6. The Reformation. 
 
 7. The discoveries and conquests in America. 
 
 8. The persecution of the Moors. 
 
 9. The division of the empire. 
 
 10. The abdication and death of Charles. 
 
 11. The character and work of Charles. 
 
 THE REFORMATION. 
 
 1. The earliest dissenters. 
 
 a. Albigenses. b. Waldenses. c. Wycliffites. d. Hussites. 
 
 2. The disturbances in the Church. 
 
 a. The interference of the popes in civil affairs. 
 
 b. The origin of the Inquisition. 
 
 c. The luxuries of the papal court. 
 
 d. The sale of indulgences. 
 
 3. The parentage, education, and early convic- 
 
 tions of Luther. 
 
 4. The ninetv-five theses of Luther 1517. 
 
 5. The bull of Leo X., 1520. 
 
 6. The excommunication of Luther, " 
 
 7. The Diet of Worms, 1521. 
 
 8. The confinement of Luther at the Wartburg castle. 
 
 9. The translation of the Bible into German. 
 
 10. The Diet of Spires, J 5 2 9 
 
 11. The Diet of Augsburg, 1530 
 
 12. The Smalcaldic League. organized 1531 
 
 13. The progress of the Reformation in Switzerland. 
 
 14. The origin of the Jesuit order, 1534 
 
 15. The Council of Trent, 1545—1563 
 
 16. The Smalcaldic war, 1546 — 1547 
 
 17. The Treaty of Passau, 1552 
 
 18. The Peace of Augsburg, I 55 ! 5 
 
 19. The Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 
 
42 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 THE TUDOR DYNASTY, 1485— 1603. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF HENRY VII., I485 — 1509. 
 
 1. Henry was crowned on the field of Bosworth, 1485. 
 
 2. Ihe marriage of Henry to Elizabeth of York. 
 
 3. Insurrections, led bv pretenders to the throne. , 
 a- Lambert Simnel. b. Peter Warbeck. 
 
 4. The voyages of John and Sebastian Cabot. 
 
 5. The origin of the English navy, 
 
 6. The avarice of Henry, 
 
 a. Taxes, b. Benevolences, c. Fines. 
 
 d. Exactions of Empson and Dudley. 
 
 e. Profitable bargains with foreign nations. 
 
 7. The death of Prince Arthur. 
 
 8. The marriages of the king's children. 
 
 a. Henry, with Catharine of Aragon. 
 
 b. Margaret, with James IV. of Scotland. 
 
 c. Mary, with Louis XII. of France. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF HENRY VIII., I50Q — 1547- 
 
 1. The character and accomplishments of the young king. 
 
 2. The condition of the country and of the treasury. 
 
 3. The execution of Empson and ot Dudley. 
 
 4. The marriage of Henry with Catharine of Aragon. 
 
 5. The battles of Spurs and of Flodden, I 5 I 3- 
 
 6. The progress and leaders of the New Learning in England. 
 
 a. Grammar schools were founded by Sir Thomas Colet. 
 
 b. The work of Erasmus. 
 
 7. The character and progress of the Reformation in England. 
 
 8. '-Defender of the Faith," was conferred upon Henry, 152 1. 
 
 9. The Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520. 
 
 10. Wolsey. a. Parentage, b Rise to power, c. Character. 
 
 U. Alternate alliances with Spain and with France. 
 
 a. The promises of Charles to Wolsey. 
 
 b. The ambition of Hei:ry to conquer France. 
 
 12. The divorce of Queen Catharine. 
 
 a. The causes of Henry's dissatisfaction with Catharine. 
 6. The manipulations of Wolsey. 
 
 c. The attitude of the Pope. 
 
 d. The advice of Cranmer. 
 
 i\ The decision of the universities. 
 
 e. The secret marriage of the king with Anne Boleyn. 
 
 f. The advice of Cromwell. 
 
 i\ The act of Supremacy. 
 
 2'. The d< cree of Archbishop Cranmer. 
 
 13. The disgrace and death of Wolsey. 
 
 14. The executions of Bishop Fisher and of Sir Thomas More. 
 
 15. The suppression of the monasteries. 
 
 16. The death of Catharine 
 
 17. The execution of Anne Boleyn. 
 
 18. Later wives of Henry. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 43 
 
 19. The fall and execution of Sir Thomas Cromwell, 
 
 20. The act of parliament concerning the succession. 
 
 21. The increase in the power of the House of Commons. 
 
 22. Tbje condition of England. 
 
 23. The translation of the Bible by Miles Coverdale. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF EDWARD VI., AND OF MARY, I547 1558. 
 
 1. The progress of the Reformation. 
 
 a. Leaders. Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer. 
 
 b. The abolishment of the mass. 
 
 c. The destruction of pictures and statues. 
 
 d. The Book ot Common Prayer was written. 
 
 e. The Thirty-nine Articles of Religion. 
 
 2. Lady Jane Grey. 
 
 3. The re-establishment of Catholicism. 
 
 4. The marriage of Mary with Philip II. of Spain. 
 
 5. The loss of Calais. 
 
 THE AGE OF ELIZABETH, 1 558 1603. 
 
 1. The claims of Elizabeth to the crown. 
 
 2. The early life and education of Elizabeth. 
 
 3. The restoration of Protestanism. 
 
 a. The Act of Supremacy, b. The Act of Uniformity. 
 
 4. The rise of the Puritans. 
 
 5. The alliance of England with the Dutch Republic. 
 
 a. The battle of Zutphen, 1 $ i &- 
 
 6. Mary, Queen of the Scots. 
 
 a. Flight to England, b. Imprisonment c. Execution. 
 
 7. The Spanish Armada, 1588. 
 
 8. Aid sent to the Hugnenots. 
 
 9. The growth of commerce. 
 
 a. The origin of the East India Company, . . 1G00. 
 
 10. The voyages to the New World. 
 
 a. Martin Frobisher. b. Sir Francis Drake, 
 c. Sir Walter Raleigh. 
 
 11. The ministers and favorites ot Elizabeth. 
 
 a. Sir William Cecil and Sir Francis Walsingham. 
 
 b. Earl of Leicester and Earl of Essex. 
 
 12. The growth of manufactures. 
 
 13. The advancement in learning and literature. 
 
 a. Spenser, b. Shakespeare, c. Lord Bacon. 
 
 14. The work of the Tudors in England. 
 
 THE RISE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC. 
 
 1. The position and extent of the Netherlands. 
 
 2. The condition and industry of the people. 
 
 3. The character and government of Philip II. 
 
 4. The progress of the Reformation in the Netherlands. 
 
 a. The introduction of the Inquisition. 
 
44 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 b. The destruction of the monasteries and cathedrals. 
 5. The Duke of Alva and the Council of Blood, 1567-1573. 
 
 (i. William Of Nassau (Prince of Orange, called the Silent). 
 
 a. Ancestry, early life, and character. 
 
 b. Espousal of the Protestant cause. 
 
 7. The defense of Haarlem, and the siege of Leyden. 
 
 8. The alliance of England. 
 
 a. A force was sent under the Earl of Leicester. 
 
 9. The Pacification of Ghent, 1 ^76. 
 
 10. The Treaty of Utrecht, 1579. 
 
 11. The assassination of William. 
 
 12. The continuation of the war under Maurice. 
 
 13. The truce of twelve years, 1609. 
 
 14. The Treaty of Westphalia, 1648. 
 
 THE VALOIS-ORLEANS BRANCH. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF LOUIS XII., AND OF FRANCIS I., I49S — 1 547. 
 
 1, Louis XIL, 1498-1515. 
 
 a. The marriage of Louis XII. with Anne of Britt; rv. 
 
 b. The invasion of Italy, 
 
 c. The battle of Spurs, I 5 I 3- 
 
 d. The marriage of Louis XII. with Mary of England. 
 
 e. The mawagement of the internal affairs of France. 
 
 1'. Industries were encouraged. 
 
 2'. Public works were built. 
 
 3'. Literature and art were fostered. 
 
 f. The title conferred upon Louis XII. 
 
 2. Francis I ... 1515-1547. 
 
 a. The invasion Of Italy. l\ The battle of Marignano. 
 
 b. ■ The efforts of Francis I. to obtain the imperial crown. 
 
 c. The Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520. 
 
 d. The wars in Italy with Charles V. 
 
 i\ The attitude of England. 2'. The capture ot Francis. 
 3'. The league with Turkey. 
 
 e. The massacre of Vaudois. 
 
 f. The luxurious court of Francis I. 
 
 THE CIVIL AND THE RELIGIOUS WARS OF FRANCE. 
 
 1, The progress of the Reformation in France. 
 
 a. The form of French Protestanism. 
 
 b. The antagonism of the leaders. 
 
 c. The massacre at Amboise. 
 
 d. The concessions made to the Protestants. 
 
 2, Charles IX., 1500-1574. 
 
 a. The regency of Catharine de Medicis. 
 
 1'. The massacre at Vassey, 1562. 
 
 2'. The civil war, 1562-1570. 
 
 a\ The Peace of St. Germain 1570. 
 
 b. The relations between Coligny and Charles IX. 
 
OUTLINES IN M PKUN HISTORY 
 
 45 
 
 c. The attempted murder of Coligny 
 
 d. The marriage between Henry of Navarre and Margaret. 
 
 e. The massacre of St. Bartholomew's 
 
 Day, Aug. 24, 1572. 
 
 /. The conduct of the Huguenots. 
 g. The death of Charles IX 
 
 3. Henry III, 1574-1589. 
 
 a. Flight from Poland, b. 'I he Holy League. 
 
 c. The war ot the three Henries. 
 
 l\ Alternate alliances of the King. 
 
 2'. The assassination of Henry of Guise and of Henry in. 
 
 4. The struggles of Henry of Navarre to obtain the throne. 
 
 a. The battles of Arques and of Ivry. 
 Henry accepted the Catholic faith. 
 
 The capture of Paris. 
 
 Henry IV. was crowned king, 1594. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 d. 
 
 THE PROGRESS OF CIVILIZATION IN THE SIXTEENTH 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 4, 
 
 5. 
 
 The advancement in navigation and in commerce. 
 
 a. The discoveries in the New World. 
 
 b. The opening of the route to India by the way of Africa. 
 
 c. The discoveries in the East Indies. 
 
 d. The circumnavigation of the globe. 
 
 e. The growth of the naval power of Holland. 
 
 f. The rise of the English navy. 
 
 The progress in manufacturing industries. 
 
 a. The looms of Flanders. 
 
 b. The establishment of manufacturies in England. 
 
 c. The manufacture of silk in Italy and in France. 
 
 The Renaissarce in painting, sculpture, and archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 a. Italian arti6ts. 
 
 i\ Da Vinci. 2'. Raphael. 3'. Michael Angelo. 4'. 
 
 Corregaio. 5'. Titian. 6'. Veronese. 7'. Tintoret. 
 
 b. The introduction of Italian art and artists into France. 
 
 Albrecht Dilrer. 2'. Holbein 
 
 c. German Artists. 
 
 the Younger. 
 
 The growth of learning and literature. 
 
 a. The scholarship ot the Tudors. 
 
 b. The founding of schools and universities. 
 
 c. The Elizabethan Age in England. 
 
 1'. Poets. a\ Spenser. b\ Shakespeare, c. Ben Jonson. 
 2'. Prose Writers. 
 
 a\ Sir Philip Sydney, Sir Francis Bacon, Richard 
 Hooker, and Sir Thomas More. 
 
 d. French writers. Rabelais, Montaigne, and TeThou. 
 
 e. Spanish author. Cervantes. 
 /. Italian Poets. Tasso. 
 
 The advancement in science and invention. 
 
 a. Noted men. 
 
 1'. Copernicus, Galileo, Tyco-Brahe, and Kepler. 
 
 b. The introduction of the Copernican Theory. 
 
 c. The art of enameling pottery was discovered by Palissey. 
 
46 
 
 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 6. The progress of civil and religious freedom. 
 
 a. The power of the church was decreased. 
 
 b. The rise of the Commons in England. 
 
 c. The rise of the Dutch Republic. 
 
 d. The Edict of Nantes 1598. 
 
 7. The changes in home-life. 
 
 THE SOVEREIGNS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 (The Tudor Dynasty.) 
 
 Henry VIII., 1509— 1547. 
 
 Edward VI., 1547— 1553- 
 
 Mary, 1553 — 1558. 
 
 Elizabeth 1 558 — 1603. 
 
 iFi?,^.:rsrc:K!- 
 
 (The Valois-Orleans Branch.) 
 
 Louis XII., 1498 — 1515. 
 
 Francis I., 1515 — 1547. 
 
 Henry II., I547~ 1559- 
 
 Francis II., J 559 — J 56o. 
 
 Charles IX., 1560 — 1574. 
 
 Henry III., 1574— 1589. 
 
 (The House of Bourbon.) 
 Henry IV., 1589 
 
 Ferdinand V., 151 2 — 15 16. 
 
 Charles I., 1516 — ISS^. 
 
 Philip IL, 1556— 1598. 
 
 Q-IEJIRIMI^IISr"^. 
 
 Maximilian I., H93 — 15*9- 
 
 Charles V., 1519 — 1558. 
 
 Ferdinand I., 1558 — 1564. 
 
 Maximilian II., 1564 — 1576. 
 
 Rodolph II., 1576 — 1612. 
 
 THE SOVEREIGNS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 (The Stuart Dynasty.) 
 
 James I., 1603 — 1625. 
 
 Charles I., 1625 — 1649. 
 
 Charles II 1660— if 85. 
 
 James II., 1685— 1688. 
 
 William III. and Mary, 1688 — 1994. 
 William III,, 1694 — 1702. 
 
 (The House of Bourbon.) 
 Henry IV., 16 ro. 
 
 Louis XIII., 1610 — 1643. 
 
 Louis XIV , 1643 — 1715. 
 
 IMPORTANT TOPICS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 
 
 SIF-A-JlSf. 
 
 Philip III., 1 598— 1621 . 
 
 Philip IV 1621— 1665 . 
 
 Charles II. , 1665— 1700. 
 
 Rodolph II., 1576 — 1612. 
 
 Matthias, 1612 — 1619. 
 
 Ferdinand II. 1619 — 1637 . 
 
 Ferdinand III., 1637 — 1658 . 
 
 Leopold I., 1658 — 1705 . 
 
 I. The Reign of James I., 1603—1625. 
 
 II. The Period of Charles L, 1625—1649. 
 
 III. The Commonwealth 1649— L660. 
 
 IV. The Restoration and the Dethronement of 
 
 the Stuarts, 1660—1688. 
 
 V. The Period of William III. and Mary, and 
 
 of William III 1689—1702, 
 
 VI. The Thirty Years' War, 161b— 1648. 
 
 VII. The Age of Richelieu, 1614—1643. 
 
 VIII. The Age of Louis XIV., 1643—1715. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY 47 
 
 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 ieust o-ziL^iiNriD . 
 
 THE STUART DYNASTY, 1603— 1714. 
 
 THE REIGN OF JAMES I., 1603 — 1625. 
 
 i. The genealogy of James. Claims to the crown. 
 
 2. The character and education of James. 
 
 3. The doctrine of the Stuart kings. 
 
 4. The journey of James from Scotland to England. 
 «;. The plot to place ArabeLa Stuart upon the throne. 
 
 6. The Gunpowder Plot 1605. 
 
 7. The settlements in America. 
 
 8. The treatment of the Non-conformists, or Independents. 
 
 9. The flight of the Pilgrims to Holland, 1608. 
 
 10. The translation of the Bible published 1611. 
 
 11. The execution of Sir Walter Raleigh, 1618. 
 
 12. The impeachment of Sir Francis Bacon, 1621. 
 
 13. The favorites of the king. 
 
 a. Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset. 
 
 b. George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. 
 
 14. The trouble between James and his parliaments. 
 
 15. The visit of Prince Charles to Spain. 
 
 16. The war with Spain. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF CHARLES I., 1625 — 1649. 
 
 1. The marriage of Charles I. with Mary of France. 
 
 2. Aid, sent to the Huguenots at Rochelle. 
 
 3. The trouble between Charles and his parliaments. 
 
 4. The Petition of Right (The Second Magna Charta),i628. 
 
 5. The a.-sassination of the Duke of Buckingham. 
 
 6. Means u^ed to obtain money. 
 
 a. Ship-money, tonnage, poundage, monopolies, and 
 benevolences. 
 
 7. The Court of High Commission, and the Star 
 
 Chamber. 
 
 8. The character and plans of Sir Thomas Wentworth. 
 
 9. The government ot Ireland. 
 
 10. The attempt to force the liturgy upon Scotland. 
 
 11. The Scottish Covenant. The insurrection in Scotland. 
 
 12. The Short Parliament. Dissolution. 
 
 13. The invasion of England by the Scots. 
 
 14. The Long Parliament, assembled Nov. 3, 1640. 
 
 a. The Parliament passed a law prohibiting its dissolu- 
 
 tion without its own consent. 
 
 b. The impeachment and \ he execution of the Earl of Strafford, 
 i'. Parliament passed a Bill of Attainder. 
 
 c. The Court of High Commission and the Star Chamber 
 
 were abolished. 
 
 d. The bishops were prohibited to sit in the House of Lords. 
 ic The insurrection in Ireland. 
 
48 OUTLINES EN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 16. The "Remonstrance" published by the Commons. 
 
 17. The arrest of the five members. 
 
 18. The Civil War 1642—164:9. 
 
 a. The Round-heads, or Puritans. 
 
 i'. Presbyterians. 2'. Independents. 
 
 h. The Royalists, or Cavaliers. 
 
 c. The battle of Edgehill, 1642. 
 
 d. The league formed between the Parliament and Scotland. 
 
 e. The battle ot Marston Moor, 1644:. 
 
 1.' The skill and bravery of Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 f. The Self-denying Ordinance. 
 
 g. The battle at j^aseby, 1645. 
 
 i\ Cromwell and his Ironsides. 
 
 19. The king gave himself up to the Scots. 
 
 20. The Scots surrendered the king to Parliament for £400,000. 
 
 21. The capture of the king by the army. 
 
 22. The flight of the king to the Isle of Wight. 
 a Negotiations with the Parliament. 
 
 23. Pride's Purge, Dec. 6, 1648. 
 
 24. The Rump Parliament. 50 members. 
 
 a. The trial of Charles. Execution, Jan. 30, 1649. 
 
 25. The character of Charles. 
 
 THE COMMOJTWEALTH, 1649 — 1660. 
 
 i. The abolishment of the monarchy and of the House of Lords. 
 
 2. The first plan of government, 1^49 — 1653. 
 
 a. The House of Commons, or the Rump Parliament. 
 
 b. A Council of State. 41 members. 
 
 3. The rebellion in Ireland. 
 
 a. Cromwell was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. 
 
 b. The massacre at Drogheda. 
 
 c. The ways in which the Irish inhabitants were diminished. 
 
 d. The confiscation of the land. 
 
 4. The insurrection in Scotland. 
 
 a. Charles II. was crowned at Scone. 
 
 b. The battles of Dunbar and of Worcester. 
 
 c. The flight of Charles. The Royal Oak. 
 t;. The union of England, Ireland, and Scotland. 
 
 6. The war with the Dutch. 
 
 a. The passage of the famous Navigation Act, 1651 . 
 
 b. The overthrow of the naval supremacy of Holland. 
 
 7. The dissolution of the Rump Parliament. 
 
 8. Barebone's Parliament. 140 members. 
 
 a. Cromwell was appointed Lord- Protector, 1653. 
 
 b. A Council of State was continued. 
 
 c. A parliament should be assembled every three years. 
 
 9. The government of Cromwell. 
 
 10. The conquest of Jamaica, and the capture of Dunkirk. 
 
 11 Last days, death, and character of Cromwell. 
 
 12. The rule of Richard Cromwell. 
 
 13. The Restoration, 1660. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 40 
 
 FROM TliK RESTORATION TO THE DETHRONEMENT OF THE STUARTS, 
 
 1660— i (588. 
 
 1. Charles 11., 1660—1685. 
 
 a. The concessions demanded from Charles II. 
 
 b. The punishment of the regicides. 
 
 c. The spirit and manners or the people. 
 
 d. The character of Charles and his court. 
 
 e. The era of Clarendon,. 1660—1667., 
 
 i'. The restoration of the English Church. 
 
 2\ Adherence to the constitution of England. 
 
 3'. The marriage of the Duke of York with Anne Hyde, 
 4'. The marriage of Charles with Catharine of Braganza. 
 
 5\ The sale of Dunkirk. 
 
 6'. The Dutch war, 1664—1666. 
 
 a\ The surrender of New Netherlands to 
 
 the English, 1664. 
 
 b\ The alliance between France and Holland. 
 c\ The complete victory of the English. 
 
 a\ Prince Rupert and Monk. 
 d\ The farther aggressions of the Dutch. 
 
 1 The Great Plague in London, 1665. 
 
 The Great Fire in London, 1666. 
 
 The banishment of Clarendon, 1667. 
 
 a. The History of the Rebellion. 
 
 *\ The Cabal Ministry. 
 
 U. The origin and appropriateness of the name. 
 
 b. The germ of a modern cabinet. 
 
 c. The Triple Alliance, 1668. 
 
 d. The secret Treaty of Dover, 1670. 
 
 j. The closing of the Exchequer, 1672. 
 
 k. The passage of the Test Act, 1673. 
 
 I. The Duke of York married Catharine of Modena. 
 
 m The Popish Plot, 1678. 
 
 n. The passage of the Habeas Corpus Act, ^19 
 
 o. The Rye-house Plot, 1683. 
 
 f The death of Charles II., 16S5. 
 
 q. The marriage of the children of the Duke of York. 
 
 i\ Mary, with William of Orange. 
 
 2'. Anne, with George of Denmark. 
 
 2. James II., 16S5— 16S8. 
 
 a'. The character and policy of the king, 
 
 b\ The Assize of Jeffrey, and Kirke's Lambs. 
 
 c\ The declaration to Non-conformists. 
 d' The trial of the bishops. 
 
 e\ The birth of a young prince. 
 
 f\ The invasion of William of Orange. 
 
 g\ The flight of James to France. 
 
 h } . The invitation to William. 
 
 i\ The growth of the English navy. 
 
 THB PERIOD OF WILLIAM III. AND MARY, AND OF WILLIAM III., 1689 — 1702. 
 
 1. "William of Orange. 
 
 a. Ancestry, age, character, and position in Europe. 
 
50 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTOKY 
 
 2. The crown was conferred jointly upon William and Mary. 
 
 3. The Bill Of Rights (The Third Magna Charta), 16S9. 
 
 a. The king cannot suspend the laws or their execution. 
 
 b. Money shall be levied only by the consent of parliament. 
 
 c. The right to petition the crown is granted to every subject. 
 
 d. A standing army may be maintained in time of peace. 
 
 4. The succession to the crown. 
 
 5. The ejectment of the Non-Jurors. 
 
 6. The Toleration Act, 1689. 
 
 7. ^ The insurrection in Scotland. 
 
 a. The restoration of Presbyterianism. 
 
 b. The Massacre of Glencoe, 1692 . 
 
 8. The rebellion in Ireland. 
 
 a. The Jacobites and Orangemen. The battle of the Bovne. 
 
 9. King William's War, 1689—1697. 
 
 a. The commencement of the war was in Ireland. 
 
 b. The enmity between William and Louis XIV. 
 
 c. The naval battle of C. La Hcgue. 
 
 d. The victories of William on the continent. 
 
 e. The trouble between the French and English 
 colonies in America. 
 
 /. The Tieaty of Kyswick, 1697. 
 
 :o. Change in the government of the colonies in New England. 
 
 11. The passage of the Triennial Bill 1694. 
 
 12. The death of Queen Mary, " 
 
 13. The abolition of the censorship of the press, io 95- 
 
 14. The trouble between W T iiliam and his parliaments. 
 
 15. There were sharp contests between the Whigs and Tories. 
 
 16. A cabinet council was established, 1700. 
 
 17. The crown was settled on Sophia and her heirs providing 
 Anne died without heirs, 1701. 
 
 18. A law was passed requiring the monarch of England to 
 be a communicant of the established church, " 
 
 19. The Grand Alliance (Germany ,England, and Holland), " 
 
 20. The death of James II. The proclamation of Louis XIV., " 
 
 21. The death of William III., March 8, 1702- 
 
 22. The results of his reign. 
 
 a. The establishment of a standing army. 
 
 b. The accumulation of a great national debt. 
 
 c. He protected Protestantism in Europe and curbed 
 the power of Louis XIV. of France. 
 
 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 
 THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE, 1702 — 1714. 
 
 1. Anne. a. Age. b. Character, c. Claims to the throne. 
 
 2. The Duke and the Duchess of Marlborough. 
 
 3. The War of the Spanish Succession, . . . 1702—1713 . 
 
 a. The claimants to the Spanish throne. 
 
 b. The Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene. 
 
 c. The battle of Blenheim, 1704. 
 
 d. The capture of Gibraltar, " 
 
 e. The events in America. 
 /. The treaty of Utrecht, 1713. 
 
 4. The disaffection in Scotland. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 51 
 
 ' The Act of* Security. The Act of Union, 1707. 
 5. The Augustan Age of England. 
 
 a Addison, Steele, Swift, and Pope. 
 
 THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR. 
 
 I. Time 1618—1648, 
 
 II. Causes. 
 
 i. The effort to crush out Protestantism in Bohemia. 
 
 2. The Edict of Restitution. 
 
 5. Tie hatred of France to the House of Austria. 
 III. the War 
 
 1. The first part. 
 
 a. The insurrection in Bohemia. 
 
 b. The crown of Bohemia was given to Frederick, 
 
 Elector Palatine. 
 
 c. Leaders. 
 
 i'. Protestant. Frederick and Count Mansfeldt. 
 2'. Catholic. Maximilian, of Bavaria and Tilly. 
 
 d. The defeat and banishment of Frederic. 
 
 e. The Palatinate was given to Maximilian, of Bavaria. 
 
 2. The second part, 1625—1629. 
 
 a. The war was carried into Germany. 
 
 b. Leaders. 
 
 i'. Protestant. Christian IV., of Denmark. 
 2'. Catholic. Wallenstein and the Emperor. 
 
 c. The agreement between Wallenstein and the Emperor. 
 i\ The Freebooters. 
 
 d. The defeat of Christian IV. e. The peace of Lubeck. 
 
 e. The Edict of Restitution,* March 29, 1629. 
 
 /. The attitude and advice of Richelieu, of France. 
 
 3. The third part, 1630—1634. 
 
 a. Leaders. 
 
 i'. Protestant. Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden. 
 2'. Catholic. Tilly and Wallenstein. 
 
 b. The siege of Magdeburg. The massacre of the people. 
 
 0. The battle of Leipsic The death of Tilly. 
 
 d. The recall of Wallenstein. 
 
 e. The battle of Lutzen. Death of Gustavus Adolphus. 
 /. Oxenstiern was chosen as the leader of the Protestant 
 
 confederacy. 
 g. The assa-sination of Wallenstein. 
 
 4. The fourth part, 1634—1648. 
 
 a. Richelieu sent troops under Turenne and Conde, 
 
 to aid Germany and Holland. 
 
 b. Spain rendered aid to Austria. 
 
 IY. Results. 
 
 1. The Treaty of Westphalia. 
 
 a. France gained the greater part of Alsace and several cities. 
 b The Swiss Cantons were made free. 
 
 c. Sweden gained territory on the Baltic, and was paid five 
 
 millions of dollars. 
 
 2. The effect on Germany, 
 
 3. The effect on Protestantism. 
 
 *When the churches of Germany became Protestant, they continued to hold the 
 church property. The Edict of Restitution restored this to the Catholic clergy. 
 
52 
 
 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 I. 
 
 the house of bourbon. 
 
 THE REIGNS OF HENRY IV., AND OF LOUIS XIII., 1594 — 1643. 
 
 Henry IV., 1594—1610. 
 
 1. The Edict of Nantes, 1598. 
 
 2. The marriage of Henry with Mary de Medicis, 1600. 
 
 3. The wise administration of Sully. 
 
 a. He reorganized the finances of the kingdom. 
 
 4. The impulse given to industries. 
 
 5. The settlements and explorations in the New World. 
 
 6. The assassination of Henry IV., 1610. 
 
 7. The regency of Mary de Medicis. 
 
 a. The resignation of Sully. 
 
 b. The meeting of the States General, 1614. 
 
 c. The double marriage with Spain. 
 
 8. Richelieu. 
 
 a. Promotion to office and power. 
 
 b. The marriage of Henrietta Maria to Charles I., of England. 
 
 c. The subjugation of the Huguenots. 
 
 1'. The siege of Rochelle, 1627. 
 
 d. The reduction of the nobility. 
 
 6. The humiliation of the House of Austria. 
 
 f. The aid, given to Germany in the Thirty Years' War. 
 
 g. The encouragement "of art and literature. 
 
 9. The character of Louis XIII. 
 
 THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV., 1643 — 1715. 
 
 1. The regency of Anne of Austria. 
 
 a. The power of Cardinal Mazarin. 
 
 b. The latter part of the Thirty Years' War. 
 
 c. The Fronde. 
 
 d. The war with Spain. 
 
 1. The marriage of Louis XIV. with Maria Theresa. 
 
 e. The prodigality of Foquet. 
 
 2. The coronation of the king, 1656. 
 
 3. The death of Cardinal Mazurin, 1661 . 
 
 4. The war in Flanders. 
 
 a. 1 he attempt of Louis to sieze the Spanish Netherlands. 
 
 b. The work of Luvois and Yauban. 
 
 c. The Triple Alliance, 1668. 
 
 d. The failure and disappointment of Louis. 
 
 ij. The Treaty of Dover, or the secret treaty with Charles II , 1670 
 
 6. The war with Holland, 1672—1678. 
 
 a. The successes of Turenne and Conde. 
 
 b. The relief of Amsterdam. 
 
 c. The devastation of the Palatinate. 
 
 d. The brilliant successes of the French. 
 
 e. The Treaty of Nimeguen, i678. 
 
 7. The position of France and the honors conferred upon Louis. 
 
 8. The wise measures of Colbert. 
 
OUTLINES TN MODERN HISTORY. 53 
 
 a. Nine-tenths of the taxes levied reached the public coffers. 
 
 b. Canals and roads were built. 
 
 c. The development of industries. 
 
 d. The erection of public buildings. 
 
 9. The influence and position of Madame de Maintenon. 
 
 10. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685. 
 
 ii. The emign-tion of the Huguenots. 
 
 12. King William's War, 1689—1697. 
 
 13. The residence of James II. at St. Germain. 
 
 14. The War of the Spanish Succession. .... 1702—1713. 
 
 15. The sufferings of the French people. 
 
 16. The domestic griefs of Louis. 
 
 17. The character of the age. 
 
 THE CIVILIZATION OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1. Resistance to the progress of civil and religious 
 
 liberty. 
 
 a. The" I hirty Years' War, 1618— 1648 
 
 b. The civil war in England. 
 
 c. The siege of Rochelle, 1627. 
 
 d. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685. 
 
 2. The progress of civil and religious liberty. 
 
 a. The Treaty of Westphalia, 1648. 
 
 1'. It secured freedom to the Protestants in Germany. 
 
 2'. The independence of the Swiss Cantons. 
 
 3'. It gave a final recognition to the independence of 
 the Dutch Republic. 
 t. The Revolution of 1688 in England. 
 
 i\ The Bill of Rights. 2'. The Toleration Act. 
 c. The censors hip of the press was abolished, io 94- 
 
 3. The establishment of the naval supremacy of 
 
 Ed gland. 
 
 a. The origin of the English navy, under Henry VII. 
 
 b. The prestige given to the English navy by Cromwell. 
 
 c. The passage of the famous navigation apt, 165 1 . 
 
 The overthrow of the naval supremacy of Holland. 
 The increase of the English navy under James II. 
 
 /. The battle oft C. La Hogue. 
 
 4. The settlements in the New World. 
 
 5. The growth of manufactures and commerce. 
 
 6. The literary men of the period. 
 
 a. English, 
 
 i\ Poet&. a\ Shakespeare, b'. Philip Massinger. 
 
 c\ A braham Cowley. d\ Beaumont and Fletcher. 
 
 e\ Ben Jonson. /'. Sir William Davenant 
 
 g\ Milton, ti. Dryden. /'. Samuel Butler, 
 2' Prose writers. a\ Bunyan. b\ Taylor. 
 
 c\ Baxter. d\ Fuller. e\ Locke. 
 /'. Isaak Walton. 
 
 b. French. 
 
 l\ Foets. a\ Racine. 6'. Moliere. c\ Corneille. 
 
 d. La Fontaine. e\ Boileau. 
 2'. Prose writers and orators. 
 
 a\ Bossuet &'. Fenelon. c\ Pascal. 
 
 d\ Massillon. 
 
54 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 7. Philosophers. 
 
 a. Bacon, b. Descartes, c. Spinoza, d. Leibnitz. 
 
 8. Science aod scientists. 
 
 a The discovery of the circulation of the blood by 
 
 Harvey, 1616. 
 
 b. The English Royal Scientific Society was founded. 
 
 c. The French Academy was founded. 
 
 d. The invention of the telescope by Galileo. 
 
 e. The promulgation of the three laws by Kepler. 
 
 f. The Principia of Newton. 
 
 g. The invention of the mercurial barometer by Torricelli. 
 h The invention of the air-pump by Guericke. 
 i. The application of the pendulum to the clock, by Hugyhens. 
 /. The inv-ention of logarithms by Napier. 
 k. Pascal found the air to possess weight. 
 /. The invention of Prince Rupert's Drops. 
 
 9. Art and artists, 
 
 a. Italian artists. Guido, Salvator Rosa, etc. 
 
 b. The Flemish school. 
 i'. Van Dyke. 2 ? . Reubens. 3'. Rembrandt. 
 
 c. Spanish painters. i\ Velasquez. 2'. Murillo. 
 
 d. English architects. 1'. Sir Christopher Wren. 
 2'. In igo Jones. 
 
 10. The delusion of witchcraft. 
 
 a. Between three and four thousand were put to death 
 in Europe. 
 
 b. The Salem witchcraft in New England, 1692. 
 
 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 v 
 
 IMPORTANT TOPICS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 I. The Rise of Russia. 
 
 1L The Beginnings of Prussia. 
 
 III. The Reigns ot George I. and of George II. in 
 
 England, 1714—1760. 
 
 ! IV. The Period of George in. in England, 1760—1820. 
 
 V. The Period of Louis XV. in France, 1715—1774. 
 
 VI. The French Revolution, June 17, 1789,— Oct. 4, 1795 
 
 THE RISE OF RUSSIA. 
 
 1. Russia was founded by the Norseman, Ruric,....r ....9th cen. 
 
 2. The introduction of the Greek religion. 
 
 3. The power and influence of Novgorod. 
 
 4. Tribute was exacted by the Tartars. 
 
 5. Ivan III., called the Great, 1492—1505. 
 
 a. Many of the petty principalities were abolished. 
 
 b. The reduction of Novgorod, 149S. 
 
 c. He threw off the Tartar yoke. 
 
 d. He introduced the arts of civilization into Russia, 
 i*. Artists and mechanics were brought from Italy. 
 2'. He built the Kremlin. 
 
 e. He collated the Soudebuik, a code of laws. 
 J. He took the title, Czar of all the Russias. 
 
 6. Ivan IV., called the terrible, 1533—1584. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 a. fie organized the Strelitz. 
 
 b. He conquered Siberia. 
 
 7. The extinction of the Ruric line, 1598- 
 
 8 M ichael Romanoff came to the throne, 161 3 
 
 9. Peter the Great, . 1682—1725. 
 
 a. Parentage, early life, and character. 
 
 b He assumed supreme power, 1689. 
 
 c. He disciplined his army according to European tactics. 
 
 d. He captured Azof, 1696. 
 
 e Visit to Holland, England, and Austria. 
 
 f. The reduction of the Strelitz. 
 
 g The reforms introduced into Russia. 
 
 1'. The change in the manner of dress. 
 
 2'. A tax was laid on long beards. 
 
 3'. He gave greater freedom to Russian women. 
 
 4'. He changed the character of public entertainments. 
 
 5'. Religious toleration was granted to ail sects, except 
 
 the Jesuits. 
 
 6'. He gave free circulation to the Sclavonian Bible. 
 
 7'. The power of the nobles was lessened. 
 
 8'. He set up private presses, and founded schools. 
 
 9'. He built a fleet and re-organized the army. 
 
 A. The war with Charles XII., of Sweden. 
 
 1*. The league with Poland and Oenmark. for the 
 
 partition of Sweden. 
 2\ The battle of Narva, Nov. 30, 1700. 
 
 3' . The battle of Pultowa, June 15, 1709, 
 
 4\ Russia was extended to the Baltic S. 
 t. Russia was extended to tke Caspian S. 
 
 io. The attitude of Russia in the seven years' war. 
 ii. The part of Russia in the partition of Poland. 
 
 THE BEGINNINGS OF PRUSSIA. 
 
 i. The union of Prussia and Brandenburg. 
 
 2. The increase in territory by the Treaty of Westphalia. 
 
 3 Prussia was made a kingdom under Frederic I., 1701. 
 
 4. Frederick William I., 1713—1740. 
 
 a. Character and work. 
 
 5. Frederick IL, the Great, 1740—1786. 
 
 a. Education and early tastes. 
 
 b. The cruelties his father inflicted on him. 
 
 c. The war of the Austrian Succession, 1744 — 1748. 
 
 i\ The first and second Silesian wars. 
 
 d. The Seven Years' War, 1750—1763. 
 
 i*. Plan for the partition of Prussia. 
 
 2'. The alliance of England. 
 
 3*. The reverses of Prussia. 
 
 4'. The extremity and heroism of Frederick. 
 
 5*. Aid from England. 
 
 6\ The change in the attitude of Russia. 
 
 The successes of Frederick. 
 
 8'. The Treaty of Hubertsburg, 1763 
 
 e. Wise measures to build up his kingdom. 
 
 f. The part of Pruosia in the partition of Poland. 
 
 g. The writings of Frederick. 
 
56 OD I LINES LN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 i ; 
 
 THE HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK, OR HANOVER. 
 
 THE REIGNS OF GEORGE I. AND OF GEORGE II., 1714 — 1760. 
 
 i. George L, 1714—1727. 
 
 i. Elector of Hanover, and Guelph line of the House of Brunswick. 
 
 2. Claims to the throne. Character. 
 
 3. The invasion of Chevalier St. George, or James III., 1715- 
 
 4. The repeal of the Triennial Bill and the passage 
 of the Septennial Bill, 171G, 
 
 5. The removal ot the Stuarts to Rome. 
 
 6. The Quadruple Alliance. (France, England, Holland, 
 and Austria), 1718. 
 
 7. The South Sea Bubble, 1720. 
 
 8. The beginning of the ministry of Sir Robert Walpole, 1721. 
 
 9. Tr.e treatment of his queen, Sophia Dorothea. 
 
 II. George II, 1727—1760, 
 
 1. Character. The influence of Queen Caroline. 
 
 2. The retention of Sir Robert Walpole in power until, 1742. 
 
 3. The power of Sir William Pitt, the Great 
 Commoner. 
 
 4. The war with Spain, declared 1739. 
 
 a. The siege of St. Augustine by Oglethorpe, 1740. 
 
 b. The invasion of Georgia by the Spanish, 1742. 
 
 c. It merged into the war of the Austrian Succession. 
 
 5. The war of the Austrian Succession, . . 1744 — 1748. 
 
 a. The third Pragmatic Sanction.* 
 
 b. George II. commanded the armies of England in person. 
 
 c. The battle of Fontenoy, 1745. 
 
 d. The capture of Louisburg by the English, ' k 
 
 e. The battle of Culloden, 1746. 
 
 /. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748. 
 
 6. The French and Indian War, 1758—1763. 
 
 a. The conflicts in the Ohio Valley. 
 
 b. The defeat of General Braddock, 1755- 
 
 c. The reverse* of England. 
 
 d. William Pitt was made prime minister, . . . 1757. 
 
 e. The capture of Louisburg by the English, 1758. 
 
 f. The siege and capture of Quebec, 1759. 
 
 g. The Treaty of Paris, I7&3- 
 
 7. The Seven Years' Yv ar, 1756— 1763. 
 
 a. England, to protect Hanover, made an alliance with 
 Prussia, and helped her with money, 
 
 b. The Treaty of Hubertsburg, *763- 
 
 8. The war in India. 
 
 a. The great bravery of Robert Clive. 
 
 b. The Black Hole at Calcutta. 
 
 c. The battle of Plassey, 1757. 
 
 d. British pnpremacy was established in India. 
 
 9. The change in the calendar, 1751. 
 
 * Charles VI. of Austria secured pledges from the different nations of Europe to 
 recognize bis daughter Maria Theresa as his successor in power over all the heredi- 
 tary dominions of the House of Hapsburg. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 57 
 
 10. The great writers of these reigns. 
 
 a. De Foe. b. Swift, c. Thompson, d. Isaac Watts. 
 e. Bishop Butler. /. Richard Bentley. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF GEORGE III., I760--1S2O. 
 
 1. George III., 1760— 1S20. • 
 
 a. Character. 6. Popularity. 
 
 c. Marriage with Charlotte, of Mecklenburg Strelitz. 
 
 2. The renewal of the Family Compact. (France, 
 
 Spain, and Naples), 1761. 
 
 a. The opposition to a war with Spain. 
 
 b. The retirement of Pitt from the ministry. 
 
 c. The war with Spain. 
 
 i\ The capture of Havana by the English " 
 
 3. The arrest of John Wilkes, editor of the North Briton,. . . 1763. 
 a. The effect upon the freedom of the pr«.-*s. 
 
 4:. The trouble with the American colonies. 
 
 a. The passage of the famous Stamp Act, I 7^'5- 
 
 b. The passage of the Mutiny, or Quartering Act, " 
 
 c. The Stamp Act was removed from the colonies, 1766. 
 
 d. A tax was levied on tea, glass, paper, and painter's 
 
 colors, 1 7^7- 
 
 e. The tax was removed, excepting on tea, I 77°- 
 
 /. The export duty on tea was removed, 1773- 
 
 g. The Boston Tea Party, " 
 
 h. The Boston Port BHl, 1774- 
 
 i. The war in the colonies, 1775 — 1783. 
 
 5. Events in Ireland. 
 
 a. The attitude of the Irish toward the Americans. 
 
 b. Concessions gained from England during the Revo- 
 
 lutionary war. 
 
 c. France sent aid to the Irish patriots. 
 
 d. The union of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 6. The trial of Warren Hastings, 1788—1795. 
 
 a. Burke, Sheridan, Fox, and Windham. 
 
 7. The ministry of William Pitt the younger, 1783-1802. 
 
 8. The war with France, 1793-1815. 
 
 a. The coalition of Great Britain, Holland, Russia, and 
 
 Spain to restore the monarchy in France, *793- 
 
 b. The battle of the Nile, 1798. 
 
 c. The battle of Copenhagen, 1801. 
 
 d. The battle of Trafalgar, 1805. 
 
 i\ The death of Lord Nelson. 
 
 e. The Berlin Decree,* Nov. 21, 1806. 
 
 /. Aid was given to Spain in the Peninsular war. 
 i'. The victories of Wellington. 
 
 g. The battle of Waterloo, 1«15. 
 
 9. The war of 181 2, 1812—1815. 
 
 io. The preaching of the Wesleys and Whitefield. 
 
 ii. Sunday Schools were founded by Robert Raikes, 1781. 
 
 12. The great writers ot this reign. 
 
 a. Samuel Johnson, Gibbon, and Hume. 
 
 b. Goldsmith, Young, Gray, Burns, and Cowper. I 
 
 This was the beginning of what was afterward called "the Continental System." I 
 
58 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY 
 
 THE HOUSE OF BOURBON. 
 
 THE REIGN OF LOUIS XV.. 1715 — 1774. 
 
 1. The regency of the Duke of Orleans, 
 
 a. The opening of the prisons. Lettres de Cachet. 
 
 b. The ambition of Philip V., of Spain. 
 
 C. Tihe Quadruple Alliance. (France, England, 
 
 Holland, and Austria), 1718. 
 
 d. The Mississippi Scheme, 1718—1720. 
 
 e. The debasement of the coin. 
 
 2. The marriage of Louis with Maria Leczynski. 
 
 3. The wise measures of Cardinal de Fleury. 
 
 4. The War of the Austrian Succession, ..1744—1748. 
 
 a. The losses of France by the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle. 
 
 5. Madame de Pompadour. 
 
 a. Influence over the king. b. Extravagance. 
 
 6. The French and Indian War, 1756—1763. 
 
 a. The renewal of the Family Compact, 1761. 
 
 1\ The losses of France by the Treatv of Paris. 
 
 7. The Seven Years' War, ". 1756—1763. 
 
 a. The alliance of France and Austria. 
 
 8. The persecution of the Jesuits. 
 
 9. The influence of Madame du Barri. 
 
 10. The corvee, gabelle, and pacte de famine. 
 
 11. The French Encyclopaedists. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF LOUIS XVI., FROM 1774 — 1789. 
 
 1. The character of the young king and queen. 
 
 2. The condition of France. Public debt. 
 3 Count de Maurepas, the first minister. 
 
 4. The financial measures of Turgot. 
 
 5. The dismissal of Turgot and Malesherbes, 17^6. 
 
 6. The financial measures and economy of Necker. 
 
 7. The relations with the English colonies in America. 
 
 a. A committee was sent to France, J 77^- 
 
 b. La Fayette went -o the United States 1777. 
 
 c. The alliance of France and the United States, I 77^- 
 
 d. The war between P'rance and England. 
 
 e. The Treaty of Versailles, T 7S3- 
 
 S. The extravagance of the queen and court. 
 
 9. Calonne was Controller-General of finance 1781 — 17S7. 
 
 a. He re-introduced a system of extravagance and display. 
 b % In four years he borrowed eight hundred millions of francs. 
 
 c. He called the Assembly of the Notables. 
 
 10. The failure of Brienne. The recall of Necker. 
 
 11. The assembly of the States-General, 1789. 
 
 12. The causes of the French Revolution. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 59 
 
 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, JUNE 17, 1789.— OCT. 4, 1795. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF LOUIS XVI., FROM I789 — 1793. 
 
 1. The States-General. 
 
 a. Nobility, 370. b. Clergy, 39*. Third Estate, 584. 
 c. The cooflict betwe* n the orders. 
 
 2. The National, or Constituent Assembly, 1 789—1791. 
 
 a. The fusion ot the order*, Jane 27, 1789. 
 
 l\ Ttee king urged the nobility and the remnant of 
 the ckrgy to this step. 
 
 3. The collection of troops at Versailles. 
 
 4. The dismissal of Necker. 
 
 5. The destruction of the Bastile, ... July 14, " 
 
 6. The organization of the National Guard. 
 
 7. The concessions of the king. 
 
 a. He promised to dismiss the foreign troops. 
 
 b. Necker was recalled. 
 
 c. La Fayette wa6 recognized as commander of the 
 
 National Guard. 
 
 d. He put on the tri-colored cockade. 
 
 8. The keys of Paris were presented to the king. 
 
 9. Insurrections throughout France. 
 
 10. The memorable night in the National Assembly, Aug. 4, " 
 a. The rights of all Frenchmen were made equal. 
 
 11. The brothers of the king and many of the nobles fled 
 
 from France. 
 
 12. The banquet and mob at Versailles, . .Oct. 3-6, u 
 
 13. The royal family was taken to Paris. 
 
 14. The confiscation of church property. Assignats. 
 
 15. The anniversary of the storming of the Bastile. 
 
 16. The resignation of Necker, .September, 1790. 
 
 17. The death oi Mirabeau, April 2, 1791. 
 
 18. The interference of foreign nations. 
 
 19. The flight and capture of the royal family, 
 
 20. Parties in France. 
 
 a. The Feuillants, or Constitutionalists, b. The Girondists. 
 c. The Red Republicans, or Mountaineers. 
 
 21. The Jacobin and Cordelier clubs. 
 
 22. The Legislative Assembly. 745 members,. . . 1791— 1792. 
 
 a. The members were chosen for two years. 
 
 b. The quarrel between the Girondists and the Con- 
 
 stitutionalists. 
 
 c. The Girondists were in the majority. 
 
 23. The attack on the Tuileries, ..... .August 10, 1792. 
 
 24. The manifesto of the Austrian minister, Kaunltz. 
 
 25. The declaration of war by France. 
 
 26. The success of the French army, commanded by Dumouriez. 
 
 27. La Fayette was made a prisoner by the Austrians. 
 
 28. The Commune in Paris. 
 
 a. Dan ton, Marat, and Robespierre. 
 
 b. The massacre of all political prisoners in Paris. 
 
60 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 29 . The National Convention, Sept. 21, 1792 Oct. 26, 1795. 
 
 a. September 22, 1792 was declared to be year 1. of the 
 
 French republic. 
 
 b. The trial of Louis Capet. Execution,.. Jan. 21, 1793. 
 
 30. The effect of the execution of Louis upon Europe. 
 
 31. The defeat and the desertion of Dumouriez. 
 
 THE REIGN OF TERROR, 1 793-4. 
 
 i. The strife between the Girondists and the Jacobins. 
 
 2. The Revolutionary Tribunal'was "created, Mar. 10, 1793. 
 
 3. The Committee of Public Safety was appointed, May 27, " 
 4- The fall of the Girondists. 
 
 5. The assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday. July 13, " 
 
 6. The execution of the queen October 16, " 
 
 7. The desecration of the tombs at St. Denis. 
 
 8. The abolishment of Christianity, and the en- 
 
 thronement of JReason. 
 
 9. The change in the calendar. 
 
 10. The execution of Danton, April 5, 1794. 
 
 11. The power of Robespierre. 
 
 a. The festival of the Supreme Being. 
 
 b. The execution of Robespierre, July 28, " 
 
 12. The extinction of the Jacobins. 
 
 13. The guillotine, fusilades, and noyades. . 
 
 14. The war was prosecuted with great vigor. 
 
 a. The measures to obtain money. 
 
 b. The size and success of the Republican armies. 
 
 c. Generals. Kellermann, Jourdan, Hoche, and Pichegru. 
 
 d. The conquest of Belgium and Holland. 
 
 e. The sieges of Lyons and of Toulon. 
 
 15. Citizen Genet was sent to the United States, ..1793. 
 
 THE DIRECTORY, 1795 — 1799- 
 
 1. The plan of government. 
 
 a. The Directory. 5 members. 
 
 b. The Council of the Ancients. 250 members. 
 
 c. The Council of the Five Hundred. 
 
 2. The decree of the Convention. 
 
 3. The Day of the Sections, October 5, 1Y95. 
 
 4. The difficulties confronting the new*government. 
 
 5. Napoleon Bonaparte. 
 
 a. Early history and character. 
 
 b. The siege of Toulon, and the Day of the Sections. 
 
 c. Marriage with Madame de Beauharnais, — March 9, 1796. 
 
 d. The first campaign in Italy . , x 797- 
 
 1'. The passage of the Bridge of Lodi. 
 
 a\ The soldiers called Bonaparte, Little Corporal. 
 2'. The battles of Arcole and of Rivoli. 
 3'. Savoy and Nice were annexed to France. 
 4'. Picture*, statuary, and manuscripts were taken 
 
 to Paris. 
 5'. The Cis- Alpine Republic was organized. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODE11N HISTORY. 61 
 
 6\ The Treaty of Campo Formio,Oct. 17, 1797. 
 e. The campaign in Egypt 1798—1799. 
 
 l\ The object of the expedition. 
 
 2'. The battle of the Pyramids. 
 
 a'. The defeat of the Mamelukes. 
 
 3\ The battle of the Nile, or Aboukir. 
 
 a\ The incident in the poem, Casablanca. 
 
 4\ The nnprovement in the country. 
 5'. The discovery of the Rosetta Stone, 
 6'. The expedition into Syria. 
 
 7'. Napoleon, leaving Kleber in Egypt, sailed for France. 
 
 6. The anarchy in France. 
 
 7. The overthrow of the Directory. 
 
 8. The reverses in Italy. 
 
 9. A committee was sent from the United States to France, 1798. 
 
 10. The Quasi war. 
 
 11. The results of the French Kevolution. 
 
 THE CIVILIZATION OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1. The growth of democratic ideas. 
 
 a. The writings of the French Encyclopaedists. 
 
 b. The French Revolution, June 17, 1789 — Oct. 4, 1795. 
 
 c. The American Revolution, x 776 — 1783. 
 
 d. In England the real power was transferred from the 
 
 parliament to the people. 
 
 2. The age Ol Scepticism. English deism and French infidelity. 
 a. Hume, Paine, Voltaire, and Ro-seau. 
 
 3. The elevation of the masses of the people. 
 
 a. Public libraries were founded. 
 
 b. Societies and clubs for mutual improvement were 
 
 organized. 
 
 c. Sunday schools were founded by Robert Raikes,. . . . 1781. 
 
 4. Measures for the relief of the oppressed. 
 
 a. The prison reform of John Howard. 
 b The efforts of Clarke and Wilberforce to suppress 
 the slave trade. 
 
 c. The Catholic Relief Bill in England, 1778. 
 
 d. The trial of Warren Hastings, 1788 — 1795. 
 
 5. The change in the penal laws of England. 
 
 6. The change in the calendar, 1751. 
 
 7. Literary men ol the period. 
 
 a. English. 
 
 i\ Addison, Steele, Swift, and Burke. 
 
 2'. Blackstone, Locke, Dr. Johnson, Bentham, and 
 
 Adam Smith. 
 3'. Robertson, Hume, and Gibbon. 
 4'. Richardson, Fielding, Smollet, and Sterne. 
 5'. Pope, Goldsmith, and Burns. 
 
 b. French. 
 
 i\ Moutesquieu, Voltaire, Rosseau, and Madam de Stael. 
 
 c. German. Lessing, Schiller, and Kant. 
 
 8. Scientists and Astronomers. 
 
 a. Herschei and La Place. 
 
62 
 
 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 b. Linnaeus and Buffon. 
 
 c. Priestly, Galvani, Lavoisier, and Franklin. 
 
 Inventors and inventions. 
 
 a. The spinning Jenny was invented by Hargreaves, . ..1765. 
 
 b. The spinning frame was invented by Arkwright. 
 
 c. The use of the steam engine by James Watt. 
 
 d. The invention of the cotton-gin by Eli Whitney,. 
 
 Artists. 
 
 a. Hogarth, Reynolds, West, and Canova. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 a. Handel, Haydn, and Mozart. 
 
 10. 
 11. 
 
 1793- 
 
 THE SOVEREIGNS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 ZEZETGtIj J^ISTID ■ 
 (The Stuart Dynasty.) 
 
 Anne, 1702 — 1714. 
 
 (House of Brunswick, or Hanover.) 
 
 George I., 1714 — i7 2 7- 
 
 George II., 1727— 1760. 
 
 George III., 1760— 1820. 
 
 Joseph I., 1705 — 1711 
 
 Charles VI., 1711 — 1740 
 
 xMari i-Theresa 1740 — 1742 
 
 Charles VII., 1742 — 1745 
 
 Francis I., 1745 — 1765 
 
 Joseph II., 1765 — 1790 
 
 Leopold 1L, 1790 — 1792 
 
 Francis II 1792 — 1806 
 
 (The House of Bourbon.) 
 
 Louis XIV., 1643 — 1715 
 
 Louis XV., 1715 — 1774 
 
 Louis XVI., 1774 — *793 
 
 Philip V., 1700 — 1724 
 
 Louis I., — 1 7 2 4 
 
 Philip V., 1724— 1745 
 
 Ferdinand VI. , 1745 — 1759 
 
 Charles J II., 1759 — 1788 
 
 Charles IV., 1788— 1808 
 
 PRUSSIA. 
 
 Frederick I., 1701 — 1713 
 
 Frederick William I. ,..1713 — 1740 
 Frederick II ,the Great, 1740 — 1786 
 Frederick William II., 1786 — 1797 
 
 THE SOVEREIGNS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 (House of Brunswick, or Hanover.) 
 
 George III., 1760 — [S20. 
 
 George IV., 1820 — 1S30. 
 
 William IV., 1830—1837. 
 
 Victoria, 1837 
 
 PBTJSSIA. 
 Frederick William III., 1797— 1840. 
 Frederick Villiam IV.,. 1840 — 1861. 
 William I., 1861 
 
 <3-_E:R<:M:.A-:Lsr"sr. 
 
 Francis II 1792— 1S06. 
 
 Ferdinand I., 1835—1848. 
 
 William I., 1871 
 
 RUSSIA- 
 
 Alexander I., 1801 — 1S25. 
 
 Nicholas I., 1825—1855. 
 
 Alexander II., 1855— 18S1. 
 
 Alexander III., 188c 
 
 ATJSTEIA. 
 
 Franz I., iSf 0—1832. 
 
 Ferdinand I., 1832— 1848. 
 
 Franz Joseph I., 1848 
 
 ZFIRAZLsTO-E- 
 
 Napoleon I., 1804 — 1814. 
 
 (The House of Bourbon.) 
 
 Louis XVIII., 1814— 1824. 
 
 Charles X., 1S24— 1830. 
 
 (The House of Bourbon-Orleans.) 
 
 Louis Phillippe, 1830 — 1848. 
 
 (The Bonaparte Family.) 
 Louis Napoleon, 1S52 — 1871 • 
 
 s:paj":et. 
 
 Ferdinand VII., 1S08. 
 
 Joseph Bonaparte 180S— 1814. 
 
 Ferdinand VII., 1S14 — 1833. 
 
 Isabella II., 1833—1868. 
 
 Amadeus, 1870 — 1874. 
 
 Alfonso XII 1875— 1886. 
 
 Alfonso Leon, 1S86-- 
 
 ITALT 
 Victor Emanuel II ,...1861—1878. 
 
 Humbert, 1878 
 
 G-EEBCE- 
 
 Otho, 1835— 1S62 . 
 
 Georgias I., 1863 
 
s. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 63 
 
 zdzezlsTimi^irik: . 
 
 Frederick VI 1S0S— 1S38. 
 
 Christian VIII , 1S3S— 184S. 
 
 Frederick VII., 184S— 1863. 
 
 Christian IX., 1863 
 
 Louis Napoleon, 1806 — 1810. 
 
 William I,, 1814 — 1840. 
 
 William II 1840— 1849. 
 
 William III., 1849 
 
 lETOZR.'W^'Y' & SWEDEN. ZB^XiO-ITTiM:. 
 
 Charles XIII., 1814—1818. 
 
 Charles XIV., 1818— 1S44. 
 
 Oscar I., 1844— 1859. 
 
 Charles XV., 1S.59— 1872. 
 
 Oscar II., 1S27 
 
 Leopold I., 1831 — 1865 . 
 
 Leopold II., 1865 
 
 1. 
 
 3' 
 
 4. 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 
 10. 
 
 11. 
 
 12. 
 
 *3- 
 
 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 IF^^ZLsTCIEL 
 
 THE CONSULATE, 1 799 — 1804. 
 
 The plan of government. 
 
 a. Consuls. Three. Term ten years. 
 
 1,. Almost kingly power was vested in the First Consul. 
 
 b. A Council of State. 
 
 1'. The members were nominated by the consuls. 
 2'. The preparation and proposal of new laws. 
 G. The Senate. So members. Served for life. 
 x\ The guardian of the constitution. 
 2'. The nomination of members for the two lower assem- 
 blies from lists presented by the electoral colleges. 
 
 d. The Tribunate, ioo members. 
 
 i'. This body without discussion accepted or rejected 
 the laws. 
 Napoleon, the First Consul, resided at Tuileries. 
 The restoration of order. 
 
 Freedom in religious worship was guaranteed. 
 .Negotiations with foreign nations. 
 
 a. Russia was detached from the coalition against France. 
 
 b. Peace was offered to England and Austria. 
 
 c A treaty of peace was made with the United States,. 1800. 
 
 The war with Austria. 
 
 a. The second campaign in Italy. 
 
 l\ The passage across the Alps, . . .May, 1800. 
 2\ The battleof Marengo, June 14, " 
 
 b. The battle at Hohenlinden, Feb. 9, 1801 . 
 
 c. The Treaty of Luneville, " 
 
 The assassination of Kleber and the surrender of Egypt. 
 
 The battle of Copenhagen, April 2, " 
 
 The Treaty of Amiens 1802. 
 
 The work of Napoleon in France. 
 
 a. The construction of roads, canals, harbors, and bridges. 
 
 b. The establishment of schools, libraries, and museums. 
 
 c. The Code of Napoleon. 
 
 d. The Code of Merit, or the Legion of Honor. 
 
 The Senate made Napoleon First Consul for life, Aug. 3, 1802. 
 Napoleon was made president of the Cis- .\lpine Republic, 
 
 and Grand Meditator of the Helvetic Confederation. 
 The insurrection in San Domingo 
 a. Relation to slavery, b. Toussaint 1'Ouverture. 
 
64 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 14. Louisiana was sold to the United States, 1803. 
 
 15. • Difficulties with England. 
 
 a. The contention over Malta. 
 
 &. All French vessels in English harbors were confiscated. 
 
 c. All British subjects in France were imprisoned. 
 
 d. Preparatious for an invasion of England. 
 
 16. The conspiracies of the Royalists. 
 
 17. The execution of the Duke d'Enghien. 
 
 18. Napoleon was made Emperor of the French. 
 
 a. The declaration by the Senate and the Tribunate. 
 
 b. The vote of the people. 
 
 c. He assumed the imperial name, May 18, 1804. 
 
 d. He was crowned at Notre Dame, . . Dec. 2, 
 
 
 THE FIRST EMPIRE, 1804 — l8ll. 
 
 1. Napoleon received the iron crown of Lombardv, Ma\ 26, 1805. 
 
 2. The coalition of England, Austria, Russia, and Sweden 
 
 against France. 
 
 a. The battle of Trafalgar, October, 1805. 
 
 b. Napoleon entered Vienna in triumph, .November, " 
 
 c. The battle of Austerlitz, December, " 
 
 d. The humiliation of Austria. 
 
 e. The confederation of the Rhine. 
 
 f. Holland and Naples were made kingdoms. 
 
 3. The reception of Napoleon in Paris. 
 
 a. The Senate conferred upon him the title of "the Great." 
 
 4. The restoration of the Gregorian calendar. 
 
 5. The coalition of Prussia and Russia against France. 
 a. The battles of Jena and Auerstadt. 
 
 &. Napoleon entered Berlin in triumph. 
 
 c. The Berlin Decree,* Nov. 21, 1806. 
 
 d. The conquest of Warsaw. 
 
 e. The peace of Tilsit, 1807. 
 
 i\ The kingdom of Westphalia was created. 
 2'. Prussian Poland was placed under the protection 
 of Saxony. 
 
 6. The annexation of Spain and Portugal to the French Empire. 
 
 a. Joseph Bonaparte was made King of Spain, 1808. 
 
 b. The Peninsular war, 1808—1813. 
 
 1'. The victories ot Wellington. 
 
 7. The coalition of Austria and England against France. 
 
 a. The capture of Yienna. 
 
 J. The battle of Wagram, July 6, 1809. 
 
 8. The excommunication of Napoleon. 
 
 a. The Pope was carried a prisoner to France, 1810. 
 
 9. The annexation of Holland to France, " 
 
 10. The second marriage ol Napoleon, " 
 
 11. The zenith of the power of Napoleon, " 
 
 a. The enthusiasm of the French people. 
 
 b. The extent of the French Empire. 
 
 c. Public works. 
 
 12. The trouble with Sweden. 
 
 ♦This was the heginning of what was afterward called "the Continental Srstem." 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN IIISTORY. 65 
 
 13. The war with Russia. 
 
 a. The march of the French to Moscow. 
 
 b. The burning of Moscow. 
 
 c. The disastrous retreat of the FreDch. 
 
 14. The coalition of Austria, Prussia, and Sweden against France. 
 
 a. The battles of Liitzen, Dresden, and Leipsic 
 
 b. The invasion of France. A series of battles. 
 
 c. The capitulation of Paris. 
 
 d. The dethronement and abdication of Napoleon,Apr. 18,1814. 
 
 15. Napoleon was made the governor of Elba Island. 
 
 1.6. The results of the reign of Napoleon. 
 17. The character and habits of Napoleon. 
 
 THE HOUSE OF BOURBON. 
 
 THE REIGNS OF LOUIS XVIII., AND OF CHARLES X., 1814 — 1830. 
 
 1. The restoration of the monarchy. 
 
 a. The dismemberment of the empire. 
 
 b. The constitutional charter. 
 
 2. The Hundred Days. 
 
 a. The reception of Napoleon by the people and the army. 
 
 b. The flight of Louis XVIII. 
 
 c. The battle of Waterloo, . June 18, 1815. 
 
 d. The second abdication of Isapoleon. 
 
 3. The banishment of Napoleon to St. Helena. 
 
 4. The conditions imposed upon France. 
 
 a. The reduction of the territory to its limits in 1790. 
 
 b. The payment of a heavy war indemnity. 
 
 c. The maintenance of a foreign army in certain of her 
 
 fortresses for three years. 
 
 d. The restoration of works of art. 
 
 5. The execution of Marshal Ney and others. 
 
 6. The character and policy of the king. 
 
 7. The assassination of the Duke- of Berry. 
 
 8. Aid, sent to the monarch of Spain, 1823. 
 
 9. Charles X., 1824—1830. 
 
 a. The character and policy of the king. 
 
 b. Aid, sent to the Greeks, 1827. 
 
 c. The conquest of the city of Algiers, 1830. 
 
 d. The revolution of 1830. 
 
 i\ The four ordinances issued by Charles. 
 
 a\ The liberty of the press was suspended. 
 
 b\ The right of franchise was restricted. 
 
 c\ The Chamber of Deputies was dissolved. 
 
 d\ A change in the meeting of the electoral colleges. 
 2'. The riot in Paris. 3'. The abdication of Charles. 
 4'. The flight of the royal family to England. 
 
 THE BOURBON-ORLEANS FAMILY. 
 
 THE CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY, 183O — 1848. 
 
 1. Louis Philippe, 
 
 a. Early history and character. 
 
 b. He was crowned King of the French, .... 1830. 
 
 c. He adopted the tri-color. 
 
66 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY 
 
 d. The ministers of Charles X. were arrested. 
 
 e. The charter of rights. 
 
 2. The hostility of foreign nations. 
 
 3. Parties in France. 
 
 4. Plots against the life of the king. 
 
 5. The risings of Louis Napoleon, 1836 and 1840. 
 
 6. The remains of Napoleon I., were taken to France, 1840. 
 
 7. The conquest of the province, of Algeria. 
 
 8. Fortifications were built around Paris. 
 
 9. The Revolution of J 848. 
 
 a. There was a failure in the harvests. 
 
 b. Concessions demanded by the people. 
 
 1'. The removal of the property qualification from voters. 
 2'. A change in the Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 c. Reform banquets, d. A mob in Paris. 
 e. The flight of the royal family. 
 
 10. The reforms introduced during this reign. 
 
 a. An improvement in the penal laws. 
 
 b. A suppression of the slave-trade, and the gradual 
 
 emancipation of the slaves. 
 
 c. An improvement in the condition of the children 
 
 employed in the factories. 
 
 d. The establishment of a system of primary instruction. 
 
 THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1S48 — 1852. 
 
 1. The provisional Government under Lamartine. 
 
 a. The composition of the Constituent Assembly. 
 
 b. The establishment of national workshops. 
 
 c. Riots in Paris. Siege of the city. 
 
 d. General Cavaignac was appointed military dictator. 
 l\ The restoration of order. 
 
 2'. The discontinuance of the workshops. 
 
 e. The new constitution. 
 
 2. Louis Napoleon was elected president, 1848. 
 
 a. Aid, sent to Pope Pius IX. 
 
 b. Difficulty between the president and the Assembly. 
 
 c. Napoleon dissolved the Assembly and appealed to the 
 
 people. 
 
 d. Napoleon was elected president for ten years, 185 1. 
 
 1'. The adoption of a second%constitution. 
 
 3. Napoleon was made emperor, Dec. 2, 1852. 
 
 THE SECOND EMPIRE, 1852 — 1870. 
 
 1. The legislative department. 
 
 a. The Couacil of State. 
 
 1'. The duty of this body was to prepare the laws. 
 
 b. The Senate. 150 members. 
 
 l\ The guardian of the constitution. 
 
 0. The Legislative Body. 261 members. 
 
 1'. It accepted or rejected the laws. 
 
 2. Napoleon married Eugene de Montijo, of Spain, 1853. 
 
 3. The prosperity of France. 
 
 4. The Crimean War, 1854—1856. 
 
 a. England, France, and Sardinia aided Turkey. 
 
 b. The siege of Sebastopol. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 67 
 
 c. The charge oi the Six Hundred. 
 
 d. The work of Florence Nightingale. 
 
 e. The results of the war. 
 
 5. The war between Sardinia and Austria. 
 
 a. France aided Sardinia. 
 
 b. The peace of Villafranca, or the treaty of Zurich,.. .1859. 
 1'. The beginning of the Italian Confederation. 
 
 2'. Nice and Savoy were annexed to France. 
 
 6. The opening of the trade with China and Japan. 
 
 7. The interference of Napoleon with Mexico, 1861-2. 
 
 a. France claimed that the rights of French citizens 
 
 in Mexico were infringed upon. 
 
 b. The indebtedness of Mexico to foreign nations. 
 
 c. The attempt to make Maximilian emperor of Mexico. 
 i\ A violation of the Monroe doctrine. 
 
 8. The Franco-Prussian War, 1870—1871. 
 
 a. The real, and the pretended cause. 
 
 b. Compare the French and the German armies. 
 
 c. The battles at Gravelotte and Sedan. 
 
 d. The sieges of Strasburg, Metz, and Paris. 
 
 e. The capture of the emperor, and the flight of the empress. 
 
 f. The terms of settlement. 
 
 9. The residence of Napoleon and the empress in England. 
 
 10. The public works of Napoleon III. 
 
 11. Universal expositions in Paris, 1855 & 1867. 
 
 THE THIRD REPUBLIC, 1870- 
 
 1. The Committee of ^National Defense, 1870. 
 
 a. The siege of Paris. 
 
 1'. The residence of King William at Versailles. 
 2'. The mission of Thiers to the courts of Europe. 
 3'. Means of communication. 
 
 2. The National Assembly. 
 
 a. The presidency of Thiers, 1871 — 1873. 
 
 1'. The government was established at Versailles. 
 
 2\ The attack on the Commune of Paris. 
 
 3'. The loss of life and the destructi ;n of property in Paris. 
 
 b. MacMahon was elected president, 1873, 
 
 c. The death of Napoleon, M 
 
 3. The constitution of the Third Republic. 
 
 a. The plan of government. 
 
 1'. President. Length of term, 7 years. 
 2'. Ministers of State. 9. 
 3'. A Council of State. 43. 
 4'. A National Assembly. 
 
 a\ Senate. 300. b\ Chamber of Deputies. 532. 
 
 b. MacMahon was continued in office until, 1880. 
 
 c. The World's Exposition in Paris, 1878. 
 
 d. The presidency of M. Jules Grevy, . . 1880 . 
 
 i\ The prosperity of France, 
 2'. The death of Gambetta. 
 3'. The manifesto of Napoleon. 
 
68 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 THE GERMAN EMPIRE. 
 
 i. The dissolution of the German, or the Roman Empire, 1806. 
 
 a. The Confederation of the Rhine 1806— 1815. 
 
 b. Francis II., of Austria resigned the imperial crown, 1806. 
 
 2. The Germanic Confederation, 181 5— 1866, 
 
 a. Thirty-nine States, including Austria and Prussia. 
 
 b. The composition and powers of the Diet. 
 
 c. The despotism of the German princes. 
 
 d. The Custom's Union, or Zollverein, 1828. 
 
 3. The Revolution of 1848. 
 
 a. The right of suffrage in Austria was extended. 
 
 b. The Prussians obtained a more liberal constitution. 
 
 c. Efforts were made to establish a republic in Hungary. 
 
 d. A National Assembly was elected from the states. 
 
 4. The rivalry between Austria and Prussia. 
 
 5. The war between Austria and Sardinia, 1859. 
 
 6. The accession of William I., of Prussia, 1861. 
 
 a. Otto von Bismarck was made prime minister of Prussia. 
 
 b. The re-organization of the Prussian armv. 
 
 7. The Schleswig-Holstein War, .* 1864. 
 
 S. The Austro-Prussian War, 1866. 
 
 a. It is called the Six, or Seven Weeks' War. 
 
 b. The alliance of Italy and Prussia. 
 
 c. The defeat of the Austrians at Sadowa. 
 
 d- Austria was excluded from the German Confederation. 
 
 e. The North German Confederation. 
 
 9. The Franco-Prussian War. 
 
 a. The union of Germany. 
 
 10. The plan of government of the German Empire. 
 THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY. 
 
 1. The Austrian possessions in Italy. 
 
 2. The Kevolution of 1848. 
 
 3. Austria re-conquered her possessions in Italy. 
 
 4. The character of Victor Emanuel II., king of Sardinia. 
 
 5. The statesmanship of Cavour. 
 
 6. The alliance ot Sardinia with France and England 
 
 in the Crimean War, 1854—1856. 
 
 7. The war between Sardinia and Austria. 
 
 a. The territory and influence of Sardinia was increased. 
 
 8. The military exploits of Joseph Garibaldi. 
 
 9. The kingdom ot Italy, 1861. 
 
 a. Victor Emanuel was chosen king by the Italian parliament. 
 
 10. Italy joined Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War. 
 
 11. The Papal States become a part of the Kingdom of Italy, 1870. 
 
 THE HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK, OR HANOVER. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF GEORGE IV., AND OF WILLIAM IV., 182O — 1837. 
 
 i. The character of George IV. 
 
 2. The Cato-Street Conspiracy. 
 
 3. The efforts of George to divorce queen Caroline. 
 
OUTLINES FN MODEKN HISTORY. 
 
 4. The death and funeral of Caroline. 
 
 5. The tour of the king through Ireland, Scotland, and Hanover. 
 
 6. The ministry and death of George Canning. 
 
 7. The war in Burmah, 1S24. 
 
 8. The recognition of the republics of South America. 
 
 9. Aid, sent to the Greeks. 
 
 10. The ministry of the Duke ot Wellington, 1 1826-1830. 
 
 a. The repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts. 
 
 b. The passage of the Catholic Relief Bill, 1S29. 
 
 11. The character and policy of William IV. 
 
 12. The Reform Bill of 1832. 
 
 a. It was proposed by Lord John Russell; opposed bv 
 
 Wellington. 
 
 b. Fifty-six borroughs lost their seat in the commons, 
 
 and thirty-one borroughs lost one member. 
 
 c. One hundred and forty-three seats were given to the cities. 
 
 d. The right of franchise was extended to the middle class. 
 
 13. Disturbances in Ireland. 
 
 a. There was opposition to the support of the protestant church. 
 
 b. An effort was made to repeal the Act of Union. 
 
 c. The Irish Coercion Bill. 
 
 14. The abolition of slavery in the British Empire, 1834. 
 
 THE REIGN OF VICTORIA, 1837 • 
 
 1. Genealogy. Claims to the crown. 
 
 2. The separation of Hanover from England. 
 
 3. The Canadian Rebellion J 837. 
 
 a. The Union of Upper and Lower Canada,. 1840. 
 
 4. The formation of the Auti-corn-law League by 
 
 Richard (Jobden, 1838- 
 
 a. The promotion of free trade principles. 
 
 b. The repeal of the Corn Laws, 1846. 
 
 5. The Chartist agitation. 
 
 a . Petition to parliament, 1839. 
 
 i\ Universal suffrage. 2'. Vote by ballot. 
 
 3'. Annual parliaments. 4'. Equal electoral districts. 
 
 5'. The abolition of a property qualification for a 
 
 seat in the commons. 
 6'. The remuneration of members of parliament. 
 
 b. Mass meetings and riots. 
 
 6. Victoria was married to Prince Albert, of Saxe-Coburg- 
 
 Gotha, 1840. 
 
 7. The honors, conferred upon Prince Albert by parliament. 
 
 8. Relations with Ireland. 
 
 a. The attempt of O'Connell to repeal the Act of Union, 1843. 
 
 b. The famine of '47. Young Ireland Party O'Brien. 
 
 C- The Fenian organization, 1866. 
 
 d. The disestablishment of the church in Ireland, 1S69 
 
 e. The passage of the Land Act, ..1S70. 
 
 /. The passage of a second Land Act, 1881. 
 
 g. The assassination of Burke and Cavendish, 1S83. 
 
 h. The Home Rule party led by Parnell. 
 
 9. Wars and difficulties in the colonies, and with foreign nations. 
 a. Wars with the Afghans, 1841, 1843, and 1878. 
 
70 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 b. War wi h China. The capture of Hong Kong, I842. 
 
 c. Treaties with China and Japan, 18^0 and 1854. 
 
 d. Part in the Crimean War, 1854—1856. 
 
 e. The Sepoy Rebellion, or the Mutiny in India, 1857. 
 
 f. India was placed under the control of the crown, .... 1858. 
 
 g. The queen was made Empress of India,. .1876. 
 
 h. Relations with the United States during the Rebellion. 
 i\ The recognition of the South as a belligerent power. 
 
 2', The Trent affair, or the capture of 
 
 Mason and Slidell, 1861. 
 
 3'. The Alabama Claims, 
 
 1. The annexation of Cyprus, 1878. 
 
 /. The Zula War, 1879. 
 
 k. The Transvaal War, 1879— 1880. 
 
 I. The Egyptian War, 1882—1885. 
 
 10. The World's Exposition at London, 1851 and 1862. 
 
 11. The Jews were admitted to parliament, 1858. 
 
 12. The Second Reform Bill 1867- 
 
 13. Imprisonment for debt was abolished, 1869. 
 
 14. A system of popular education was established, 1870. 
 
 15. The Ballot Act, 1872'. 
 
 16. The purchase of one-half interest in the Suez Canal, 1875 
 
 17. The Suffrage Bill, 1885.' 
 
 18. Parties in power. 
 
 a. Liberator Whig, Lord Melbourne, 1837 — I S4i . 
 
 b. Conservative, or Tory, Sir Robert Peel, 1S41 — 1846. 
 
 c. Liberal, or Whig, Lord John Russell, . ..1846 — 1852. 
 
 d. Conservative, or Tory, Earl of Derby, 1852 — 1853 • 
 
 e. Liberal, or Whig, Lord Aberdeen, 1853 — 18:5c; 
 
 /. Moderate Liberal, Lord Palmerston, 1S55 — iS^8 . 
 
 g. Conservative, or Tory, Earl of Derby, 1858 — 1859. 
 
 h. Moderate Liberal, Lor i Palmerston,. ... 1859 — 186^. 
 
 i. Liberal, or Whig, Earl of Russell, 1S65— 1866. 
 
 j. Conservative, or Tory, Earl of Derby, 1866 — 1868. 
 
 k. " " " Disraeli, 1868. 
 
 /. Liberal, or Whig, Gladstone, 1868 — 1875. 
 
 m. Conservative, or Tory, Disraeli, 1875 — 1S80 . 
 
 n. Liberal, or Whig, Gladstone 1880 — 188c;. 
 
 o. Conservative, or Tory, Marquis of Salisbury,. 18S5 — 1886. 
 
 p. Liberal, or Whig, Gladstone, 1886. 
 
 q. Conservative, or Tory, Marquis of Salisbury, 1886 . 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 1. Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence R ., I S3S« 
 
 2. Champlain founded Quebec, 1608 . 
 
 3. The English obtained Canada 1763. 
 
 4. Canada was divided into two provinces, 1791 . 
 
 a. Ontario, or Upper Canada. 
 
 b. Quebec, or Lower " 
 
 5. The Quebec Act 1774. 
 
 a. Canada was extended to the Ohio R. 
 
 6. Canada was reduced to its present limits, 1783 . 
 
 7. The Canadian Rebellion, 1837. 
 
 a. The alliance of Ontario and Quebec, 1840. 
 
 8. Nova Scotio and New Brunswick joined the Dominion,.. 1867. 
 
OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 9. Plan of Government 
 a. General. 
 
 1\ Governor-general.* 
 
 a. He is appointed by the queen. 
 
 b. Salary, £10,000. 
 
 c. He may exercise the veto power on legis- 
 
 lation by the parliament. 
 
 2'. Council. Chosen by the Governor-general. 
 
 3'. Senate, f 
 
 a\ The members are chosen for life by the 
 governor-general. 
 
 4:'. House of Commons. + 
 
 a\ The members are chosen from the prov- 
 inces for a term of five years. 
 
 b\ Provincial. 
 
 1', Lieutenant-governors. 
 
 a\ They are appointed by the governor-general. 
 &'. They exercise a veto power over the acts of 
 the provincial assemblies. 
 
 2\ Provincial Assemblies. 
 
 a\ The members are elected by the people. 
 
 10. The Fenian insurrection. 1870. 
 
 11. Relations between Canada and the United 
 
 States concerning the Fisheries. 
 
 a. The Treaty of 18:18. 
 
 b. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854. 
 
 1'. This terminated Mar. 17, 1866. 
 
 c. The Treaty of Washington, 1871. 
 1'. This terminated in 1885. 
 
 d. The Halifax Fishery Award, 1877. 
 
 e. The bill passed by the Forty-ninth congrecs.J 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 1. The period of the Toltecs, 7th to 12th cen. 
 
 2. " " " " Aztecs, 1200 — 1 519. 
 
 3. Mexico was conquered by Cortez 1519. 
 
 4. Mexico was unitea with other American territories 
 
 under the name of New Spain, x 540. 
 
 5. Mexico became independent, 1824. 
 
 6 Plan of Government. 
 
 a. A Federal Republic. 
 
 1'. Stutes, 27. Federal district, 1. Territory, 1. 
 
 2\ President. § 
 
 a\ He is elected by the people for a term 
 of four years, 
 
 3\ Congress. 
 5. Local State governments. 
 
 a\ Governor 
 
 *The Marquis of Landsdowne is the present Governor-general of Canada. 
 ilu 1£86 there were 76 members in tne Senate, 213 in the House of Commons 
 iThe president was empowered to declare an embargo upon all trade between 
 Canada and the United Stales. 
 §Porferio Diaz is the president of Mexico; his term began 111 1884. 
 
72 
 
 OUTLINES IN MODERN HISTORY. 
 
 b\ Legislative Chamber — 16 members. 
 
 7. Revolutions In the government. 
 
 8. Texas became independent of Mexico, 1836. 
 
 9. The war between Mexico and the United 
 
 States, 1845—8. 
 
 10. Santa Anna. 
 
 11. The interference of Napoleon, 1862. 
 
 A LIST OF SUBJECTS FOR TOPICS OR ESSAYS. 
 
 1. 
 4- 
 7- 
 9- 
 
 10. 
 
 12. 
 
 14. 
 
 16. 
 
 18. 
 
 19. 
 
 21. 
 
 24. 
 
 The Renaissance. 2. St. Peter's. 3. Florentine Art. 
 Venetian Art. 5. The Madonna ; 6. Mosaics. 
 German Art. 8. The Wandering Jew. 
 The Rise of Protestantism. 
 
 Italy, the checkerboard of Europe. 11. The Puritan. 
 Ladj' Jane Grey. 13. Mary, Queen of Scots. 
 Catharine de Medicis. 15. The Peasantry of France. 
 The Divine Right of kings. 17. The Jesuit. 
 The Rise of the Commons in England. 
 
 The English Magna Charta. 20. England, Queen of the Seas. 
 Richelieu. 22. The Right of Suffrage in England. 
 A United Italy. 25. French Art. 26. English Art. 
 
 THE MONARCHS OF EUROPE. 
 
 I. 
 
 British Empire, 
 
 2. 
 
 Germany. 
 
 3- 
 
 Austria-Hungary, 
 
 4- 
 
 Russia, 
 
 ■>• 
 
 The Netherlands, 
 
 6. 
 
 Belgium, 
 
 7- 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 8. 
 
 Sweden and Norway, 
 
 9- 
 
 Spain, 
 
 10. 
 
 Portugal, 
 
 11. 
 
 Italy, 
 
 12. 
 
 Greece, 
 
 13- 
 
 Roumania, 
 
 H- 
 
 Servia, 
 
 IS- 
 
 Montenegro, 
 
 16. 
 
 Bulgaria. 
 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF 
 
 1. 
 
 France, 
 
 2. 
 
 Switzerland, 
 
 Queen Victoria, !S37- 
 
 Emperor William, 1871- 
 
 Franz Josef I., 1848- 
 
 Alexander III., 1881- 
 
 William III., 1849- 
 
 Leopold II., : .... 1S65- 
 
 Christian IX., 1863- 
 
 Oscar II., 1872- 
 
 Alfonso Leon, 1886- 
 
 Luis I., 1861- 
 
 Humbert I., 1878- 
 
 George I., 1S63- 
 
 Charles V., .1881- 
 
 Milan I , 1872- 
 
 Nicholas I., . 1S60- 
 
 (Vacant.) 
 
 *Jules Grevy,, 1880- 
 
 Dr. A. Deuchar, 1886 , 
 
 CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE CENTURIES. 
 
 Sixteenth Century, 
 
 Seventeenth 
 
 Eighteenth 
 Nineteenth 
 
 u 
 
 ( The reformation. 
 
 -\ Discoveries and explorations. 
 
 ( Progress in literature. 
 
 !The English revolution. 
 The period of Richelieu and Louis XIV. 
 The rise and decline of Nations. 
 Science and invention. 
 
 * Grevy was elected for a second term in 1885. 
 
EPOCHS OF MODERN HISTORY. 
 
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