/^:t A^I^ Pennsylvania Coal B,§gions, IS \J}lJ. --^ )%\ -y ^tx^ TAIN TOR B ROT HE US, „^ 678 Broadway, New York. S^2i^^ Economy only second to Security. MURANCB A LBAIT7, IT. Y. SPECIAL ADVANTAaES. Ten 2ier cent, reduction from rates to practical Honioeopathists. Annual Division of Profits. Immediate Payment of JLosses. All Policies Incontestable and Non-forf citable. Ubural Provisions to Travelers, AND BY SPECIAL ACT, TJie value of its Registered Policies is deposited with the State of New Torlc. This Company offers liberal inducements to first-class Agents. It will l^'ways render them the most substa»t1»l tokens of appreciation, and af- ford them every encouragement in sustaifiin« a successful and honorable comnelitinn - » *r competition. ©fpcers : ROBERT H. PRUYN, President. JAMES HENDRICK, Vice-President. LOUIS B. SIVIITH, Secretary. SEND FOR A CIRCULAR. All men think all men mortal but themselves. .™«. — v.««„^^Assets, NoTeilier 1, 1868, $3,500,000. The following are some of the advantages offered by this Company : Its Policies are the freest from restrictions as to travel, residence, and employ- ment, of any company in the land. Its premiums are as low as those of any safe company. Its dividends have been uniformly 50 per cent, during last four years. Its dividends are always based on full pramium paid. It charges no extra pre- mium on lives of females. It offers all the advantages of a Cash and Note Com- pany. It is prompt in settling all just claims. That the public appreciates these advantages, is manifest from the following TABLE OF COMPARISONS OF THE BUSINESS,, Tar rte v««r tniing Junt 15, 1868, with the Buiiness for the year preceding, of the PHOENIX MVTUAIt LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Number of Policies issued during year, 7,167 Number of Policies issued during previous year, 4.3HI Increase, , ...2,866 Rate of increase, 65 per cent. Amount insured during year, $19^,685,254 Amount insured during previous year, 10;79-,749 Increase, .?8,892,506 Rate of increase, 82 per cent. Income for the year, $1,445,211 50 Income for the previous year, 9H.882 60 Increase $530,31:8 90 Rate of increase, 58 per cent. Assets June 15, 1868, $2,992,840 11 Assets June 15, 1867, 1,746,507 72 Increase, $1,246,332 39 Rate of increase, 71 per cent. Received from Interest, 1868, $146,808 33 Paid in Losses, in 1868, 114,140 34 Showintr that the Company received $32,667 99 more from interest than it paid in losses. niSUEE m THE "PH(ENIZ MUTUAL, " OF EAETFOED, COITN. J. F. BURNS, E. FESSENDEN, Stcretuy- Pretidtrnt. Mow York Ago&sy, 153 Broadway. Boston Agency, 134 Washington St. Albany " 443 Broadway. Philadolpl^a " 430 Walnut St. utual Life Insurance Company OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, Sates Ziower than any other State or National Company. HOMC EOPATHISTS LOW ER STILL, Why pay twice as much as is necessary to injure, merely to let the «CEipany hank on your money and pay you back in dividends ? Dividends to a reasonable extent guaranteed in advance by deductioc flrom i^remiiims. All premiums, policies, and dividends in cash, LADIES, LOOK AT THIS! Females insured at same raites as males. All policies non-for feitable. AU dividends non-forfeitable. Oa.ll oi o se33.ca. toT XDoc -UL3::n.oxi.ts. DIRECTORS. D. D. T. MARSHALL, 157 East 34tli Street. Hon. S. L. WOODFORD, Lieut.-Gov. State New York, JAMES GUSHING, Jr., of Leroy W. Fairchild & Co. EDWARD E. EAMES, of H. B. Claflin & Co. KLISPIA BROOKS, of Brooks Brothers, 468 Broadway. Hon. R. B. CONNOLLY, Comptroller of N. Y. City. EGBERT SEWELL, of Sewell & Pierce, 62 Broadway. GEORGE G. LAKE, of Lake & McCreery, 471 Broadway. Hon. RICHARD KELLY, Pres't of 5th National Bank. JOHN SIMPKINS, 20 WaU Street. W. C. DUNTON, of Bulkley, Dunton & Co., 4 John St. PETER LANG, of Lang &'ciarkson, 4 Front Street. W. B. KENDALL, of Bigelow Carpet Co., 65 Duane St H. W. WARNER, late Warner & Loop, 332 Fifth Ave. CHARLES L. STICKNEY, 209 Bowery. "WILLIAM RADDE, PubUsher, 550 Pearl Street. THOMAS B. ASTEN, 124 East 29th Street. G. B. HAMMOND, Tarrytown. N, Y. D. D. T, MARSHALL, Pi-esident. JAMES GUSHING, JR., Vice-Pres't. E. A. STANSBURY, Secretary. A. HALSEY PLUISIMER. Ass't Secretary, STEWART L. WOODFORD, Counsel. EDWIN M. KELLOGG, M.D., ) Medical JOHN W. MITCHELL, M.D., J Examiners. A. COOKE HULL, M.D., Medical Director. BTNALL A CLEVELAND, 231 Broadway, New York and New Jersey. 1>R. JOHN TURNER, 725 Tremont Street, Boston, for Maine and Massachuaetta. JOSEPH M. WOOD, Wrentham, General Agent for Massachusetts. EDWIN IIBDGKS, Traveling Agent lor Vermont and New Hampshire. CHARLES G. WIGHTMAN, Bristol, Conn. A. M. WARD, 220 Chapel Street, New Haven. S. H. STAFFORD, Marietta, Ohio, for the States of OMo and West Tirglnia. P. H. EATON, 343 F Street, Washington, I). O. ED. W. PHILLIP, 59 Sefcond Street, Baltimore, Md. JOHN W. MARSHALL, Aurora, Illinois, for Norlh-westem States. Agents and Sclicitors u-antcil. j^^ Send for CircTilac LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 254: JBroadivay, Neiv York, Assets, $2,000,000 (increasing rapidly). 10,000 Members. In every respect a sound, first-cla.<5s institution. Jnst such as a prudent man would select as the depository of the fuada ucsiijiied for those he is to leave behind him. Policy Holders receive all the Profits. Dividends annual, on the contribution plan. This Company hiis declared and actually paid, a dividend to its Policy holders every year since its organization. No restriction iii its Policies as to residence or travel in any part of the world. One-third the premium may, if desired, remain as a permaneu-fc loan, to be paid by the dividends. ]So Policy or other fees charged, and no extra premium on Females. WALTER S. GRIJFJblTU, GEO. C. RIFLE Y, President, Secretary , ISAAC H. FROTHIXGHAil, WM. J. COFFIN, Treasurer. Actuary, GOOD AGENTS WANTED. lari^r S^fe fife ^xi^nraxitt ®0mpi3;itg, HARTFORD, ^^^^^4^^ CONN. ASSETS ^0^^^^^P^^ ANNUAL iNCOlffi $5,250,000, ^^§^^^^^^ $3,250,000, and rapidly ^tf^!^ ^^b^^^^^ ^^^ constantly Policies issued, nearly 40,000. Losses paid, $1,750,000. Dividends paid, $1,500,000. Annual dividends paid, commencing with first renewal. J. C. WAIxKLEY, Pres. Z. A. STORRS, Vice-Pres. S. H. WHITE, Sec'y. N. S. PALMER, Gen'l Agent for N. Y. City, 183 Broadway. HHIIAED BROS., Gen'l Agents for PMladelpMa, 415 Walnut St E. H. BLAm, Gen'l Agent for East'n Penn., Williamsport, Penn. Th(!se Guides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giving items of interest to the traveler for business or pleasure, and HANDSOMELY OOLOEED AND VEEY PEEFECT MAPS, enabling the traveler at every part of his journey to mark his precis© locality, and recognize the surrounding scenery. AI.SO, TIME TABXJIS OF ElAZIiROABS AND STEAMBOATS. The following Guides are ahc.ady pubUshed : I. — Walling's "City of New Tokk" Guide. n. — ^W'alling's Hudson Rivek Guiuy.. HI. — Walling's New Yobk Centkal Guide. IV. — ^Walling's Erie Railway Guide. V. — Walling's Springfield Route Guide. VI. — Walling's Shore Line Route Guide. Vn. — Walling's Long Island Sound Guide. "VTII. — ^Walling's New York to Washington Route Guide. IX. — Walling's Harlem Route Guide. X. — Walling's Connecticut River and White Mountains Gcidk. XI. — Walling's New Jersey Central R.R. and Allentown Line. XXL — Walling's Morris and Essex and Coal Regions Guide. FOR SALE BY BOOK AND NEWS DEALERS. TAINTOH BUOTHEHS, Publishers, No. 678 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. WALLma'S "CITY OF NEW YOEK." Contains descriptions of, and directions for visiting the Public BciLBiNGS, Parks, Cemeteries, Islands, and Public Institu- tions in and around New York City ; also, contains lists of the principal Hotels, Places of Amusement, Libraries, Clubs, Societies, Dispensaries, Horse Railroads, Omnibus Routes, Hack Fares, Ferries, &c. ; also, A NEW STREET DIRECTORY, TRAVELERS' DIRECTORY AND CHURCH DIRECTORY, AND A LARGE COLORED MAP of NEW YOEK, BROOKLYN, JERSEY CITY, HOBOKEN, Ac. Price, 25 mU. For Sale by Newsdealers and Booksellers. TAINTOE BROTHEBS, Publishers, No. 878 BROADWAY, NEW YORK- PRELPS, DODGE & CO., 13 to 21 CLIFF STEEET, NEW YOEK, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Tm PLATES, KOOFING PLATES, SHEET lEON, COPPER, ZINC, WIEE, BRASS, LEAD, ahd PIG TIN. BRAMHALL, OEANE & CO., 247 & 249 WATER STREET, Hotel Eanges & Furniture A SPECIALTY. Life Insurance Company, OIF" ooKrjsr. Tlus old and reliable Company issued Over 15,000 J^olicies during the Year 1867f and received over FIVE MILLION DOLLARS INCOME. {Extract from the New York Independent.') "Among the substantial and enterprising institutions of Hartford, Conn. the iEtna Life Insurance Company stands prominent, " {Extract from the Insurance Monitor.) " No Life Insurance Company ever achieved so complete a success as thii popular institution. Its prosperity is a together unpi-ecedented in the annals of commercial enterprise in this country. The ^tna is a Company that can be thoroughly trusted. It is sounds prompt, and progressive." E. A. BuLKELEY, Pres't. Austin Dunham, Vice-Pres't. T. O. Enders, Scc'y. o o o €W o o o auqua 53 Chath.-xn 14 Coal Regions 25 Columbia 30 Coplay 53 Cranberry Marsh 45 Delaware, Lackawanna, and West- ern Railroad Delaware Station Delaware Water Gap Denville Dover Drake's Creek Drakesville Dunning Easton East Orange.. Fairview Freemansburg Furnace Gouldsboro' Greenville . . Hackettstown. Henryville . . . . Hickory Run . Hoboken Hokendauqua. Hutchinson's , Laury's Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad Lehigh Gap Lehighton Lehigh University Lehigh Valley Railroad Lime Ridge 45 56 53 34 35 19 33 46 7 S3 28 52 39 52 51 56 44 57 I Montrose j Morris and Essex Railroad 15 Moms Plains 15 Morristown 34 Moscow ^d Mud Run .^ Newark 10 Nescopec Station 45 Newport Station 44 Oakland 33 Orange 12 Orange Junction la I Paradise 33 Parryville 53 Penn Haven Junction 47 Phillipsburg . . .• 21 Pittston 40 Pocono Fork 33 Port Morris i^ Port Murray 19 Rockaway 17 Rockdale 52 Rockport 46 Roseville 12 Roxbury 28 Scranton 35-39 Slateford 30 Slatington 52 South Orange 13 South Wilkes Barre 44 Spragueville 33 Spring Brook 40 Stanhope 18 Stewartsville 21 Stony Creek 47 Stroudsburg 32 Sugar Notch 44 Summit Station • 14 Switch Back Railway 48 Tannery 46 Tobyhanna 34 Valley Station 13 Madison 14 Manunka Chunk 29 Martin's Creek 28 Mauch Chunk 47 Methods of Mining Coal 58 Millburn 14 Mill Creek 42 Minooka 14 , Yatesville Warrior Run a . . 44 Washington 19 Waterioo 18 White Haven 45 Wilkes Barre 42 Wyoming Valley 40 43 >^ GENUINE ALTHAM WATCHES. SILVER HUNTINa WATCHES $18 uj GOLD HUNTING WATCHES, 18 carat Cases, . . $80 zn GOLD HUNTING WATCHES, Ladies' Size, . . $70 ^very Watch yVai'vatiled by Special Cerfijicate from 2'fie slmerican Wciich Company , r£\ We will send them by Expross, with bill to collect on delivery, to all parts of the country, with privilege to the purchaser to ex- {^ amine the Watch before paying ; and any Watch that does not per- , . form well can be exchanged, or the money will be cheerfully refunded. P^ Every one is requested to send for our Descriptive Price List, which explains all the different kinds, gives weight and quaUty of CL^ the case, with prices of each. ^^ Our assortment also comprises every varietv of FINE JEWELRY, STERLING SILVER WAKE, SLLVER-PLATliD WARE, and RICH FANCY GOODS. g GORiiAM Plated Ware fv, At the Manufacturers' Prices. Q DIAMOND JEWELRY ^ ON THE SMALL PROFIT PLAN. No, (>19 BUOADWAY, newyomk. Every one visiting New York is invited to call at our estabhshinent. Morris and Essex Railroad. Location, Scenery, Etc. This important rail\\'tiy traverses the entire State of New- Jersey, from east to west. Commencing at Hoboken, where its terminal freight and passen- ger stations are directly upon the mag- nificent harbor of the great metropolis, it passes over the Hackensack marshes to the flourishing manufacturing city of Newark, then crosses the plains of Essex county, thickly siudded with suburban villages of unrivaled beauty and prosperity, to the valley at the foot of the beautiful Orange Mountain, along which it passes for some five miles toward the south-west, seeking a passage through the mountain. A branch of the Rahway having made a breach in the barrier, the rail- way passes through it at Milburn, and climbs gradually up to the stnninit, on the third of the parallel ridges so re- markably long and continuous, known as the Appalachian system, which ex- tends through the eastern part of the United States, running nearly parallel with the Atlantic for several hundred miles. From this summit, which commands a most beautitul and extensive pros- pect toward the south and west, the route continues westward, through an extremely hilly and picturesque coun- tr>', across the ridges, which are here somewhat broken up, to Waterloo, running for many miles near the route of the Morris Camxl. This section is one of the most important iron-mining and smelting regions in the country. The railroad now enters the he.'\d of the SJiefiandoah Valley, so called, being, in fact, between two of the several parallel ridges which extend, with various breaks and curious zig- zags, through Pennsylvania, Mary- land, and Virginia. The local names of these ridges are, Schocley^s Moun- tizin, on the south-east side of the val- ley, and' Pohatcong- ATountain, on the north-west.' Whether the particular valley occupied by the Shenandoah River in Virginia can be continuously traced to this, among these irregulari- ties, is perhaps of little consequence. It is in the same great series, and sub- stantially the same valley. The same rich, fertile farming lands are seen, with their inclosing hills, arable to their summits. At Washington the route passes through a gap in the Pohatcong Moim- tain, and, for the remainder of the distance, runs in the valley between it and the hills to the north-west, the Pohatcong Creek a'.;d the Morris Ca- nal being in the same valley. Similar beautiful fertile pastoral scenery con- tinues, however, in this valley to that found on the other side of ch.e Pohat- cong. At Phillipsburg we come to the De- laware River, the boundary between New-Jersey and Pennsylvania, across which a magnificent irozn bridge lias been built, to connect with the rail- ways converging at Easton. History. The Morris and Essex Railroad Company was chartered in 1835, with authority to construct a road from Newark to the Delaware River, oppo- site Easton. The construction was commenced in the fall of 1835, and the road opened to Morristown, 23 miles, in 1837; to Dover, 11 miles further, in 1^48; to Hackettstown, 19 miles fur- ther, in January, 1854 ; and to Easton, in November, 1865. A second track is being laid on the entire route, and is completed to Morristown. In 1857, a charter was obtained for an extension from Newark to Hoboken, which was completed in 1863, passing through the Bergen Tunnel, nearly a mile in length. This tunnel, hpwever, is the property of the Long Dock Company, of which the stock is owned by the Erie Rail- way Company. Branches and Connections. The Newark and Blootnfield Rail- road, of which more than half the stock is owned by the Morris and Essex Railroad Company, extends, fi-om its junction with the latter rail- road in the western part of Newark, through a comer of the town of East- Orange and the village of Bloomfield, to the village of Mont Clair, in the western part of the town of Bloomfield, and is six miles long. It is in contem- plation to extend this road to Boon- ton, thus making a more direct and favorable route to Easton. From Newark the trains of the New- Jersey Railroad run to New-Bruns- wick, connecting at that point with the Camden and Amhoy for Trenton, Philadelphia, and all points south. From Denville a branch extends five miles to Boojtton, an important iron manufacturing place. At Waterloo is the junction of thft Sussex Railroad^ extending to New- ton, in Sussex county, 12 miles, through a rich iron-mining country. Impor- tant accessions to the freight business of the main road are derived from this branch in the way of transporting ores, etc. At Washington the Delaware, Lack- awanna, and Western Railroad cros- ses the Morris and Essex, bringing to it an immense quantity of coal freight and no insignificant amount of passen- ger travel, especially in the summer months. These branches augment the large local business which a road traversing the centre of a great State like New- Jersey, and across her most active mining and manufacturing region, as well as through some of her most fer- tile and productive agricultural valleys, can not fail to secure. But in addition to this, the Morris and Essex Railroad has a vast present and prospective importance, as a great main thorough- fare between the metropolis of the country and the great States west of New-Jersey, including Pennsylvania, the great coal and iron State, with whose mines, furnaces, and forges con- nection is made by the three great rail- roads converging at Easton, namely, the Belvidere Delaware, extending both ways up and down the Delaware River, from Trenton to Belvidere, the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and the Le- high Coal and Navigation Company's Railroad, the two latter connecting with the great anthracite coal busines* of Lackawanna, Wyoming, Lehigh, Mahanoy and Schuylkill, and, through their connections, with all the great iron-mining and manufacturing regions of the State. Statistics. Capital stock $3,500,000 Funded debt S)Si6,95o Cost of road, including build- ings, etc 6,973,931 Cost of engines i)»53.329 Cost of cars 1,027,782 Locomotives burning wood 25 Locomotives burning anthracite coal 18 Locomotives burning bituminous coal 3 Total locomotives 46 Passenger cars 62 Baggage and mail cars 9 Cabooses 11 Freight cars 284 Iron and ore cars 100 Coal cars (eight-wheel) 400 During the year 1866, 1,066,179 pas- sengers were transported over the road, exclusive of commuters and those who ride free. Dividends to the amount of seven per cent on the capital stock were paid during the year. FuTiTRE Prospects. This railroad is clearly destined t« become, and that before many years, one of the most important thorough- fares between New-York City and the great interior and Western States. The utmost capacities of all the rail- roads tending in that direction must ere long, in the natural course of events, be most fully employed in transacting the constantly and rapidly increasing business between the vast continent and its metropolis. The internal improvements and local wealth of Northern New-Jersey, while they are vastly increased by the facili- ties afforded by this avenue of traffic, will in turn react favorably upon the prosperity of the railroad. Travelers desiring to go west via the Morris and Essex Railroad cross from New-York to Hoboken by either of the two ferries. That from the foot of Barclay street accommodates the lower portion of the city, while, for those living above Canal street, the Christopher street ferry is most conve- nient, both landing at the same place in Hoboken. The passenger station is on the left of the ferry landing, in Hoboken, at the south-eastern extre- mity of that city. HOBOKEN. Hoboken, Hudson Co., N'. y. 2 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 83. This suburban city is a convenient place of resort and recreation for the citizens of New- York, containing many handsome residences, overlooking the North River, and various objects of interest to the traveler. Here is the well-known and delight- ful park, called the "Eiysian Fields,'* stretching to the north along the river- bank for nearly a mile, shaded with grand old English elms and forest- trees, that line the winding paths, and remind one of the trees in which, ac- cording to Virgil, " the dreams have their abode." Here frequent cricke< and base-ball matches attract thou- sands of spectators, and multitudes from the metropolis seek fresh air and healthful recreation. These "Elysian Fields" are owned by Mr. Stevens, whose residence is seen to the north, upon the height of Castle Point, and who admits the public to this shady retreat free of charge. Near the shore is a structure of heavy tim- bers, containing a huge cannon, which was planted there by Mr. Stevens for the purpose of testing the plates of his gieat iron-clad ram, upon the construc- tion of which he has been engaged for many years, and which still remains unfinished. This city contains eleven churches, a bank, a savings institution, two news- paper offices, numerous hotels, a costly club-house, and many large stores and storehouses. Two lines of European steamers depart from this port, namely, the " North-German Lloyd's " and the " Hamburg-American Packet " Com- panies. Their piers are a short dis- tance north of the ferry. South are the extensive coal-yards of the Morris and Essex Railroad, and th^ docks of numerous steam and sailing vessels. Passing out from the station-house, we soon leave the limits of Hoboken, and ride along the northern boundary of Jersey City, over a tract which was formerly a low marsh, but which has now been reclaimed and covered with dwellings. Turning a sharp curve to the south and another to the west, we are brought for a few moments to a standstill at the mouth of the Bergen TuN.NEL, cut through the solid trap- rock of Bergen Heights, a distance of more than three quarters of a mile. | These heights form the southern ex- tremity of those precipitous rocky cliffs which extend for many miles along the west bank of the Hudson River, and are known as the Palisades. Entering the tunnel, we seem to be at once hurried from day to night, the total darkness only being relieved as we pass the occasional lights that faint- ly illumine the subterranean gloom. Emerging from this tunnel, we cross the Hackensack River, and ride for three or four miles over a level, marshy traci waving with tall grass, resem- bling a prairie, through which the Hackensack winds its sluggish and tortuous way. Across this marsh, along beside the turnpike to Hudson City, extends the Jersey City Aque- duct, from the Passaic River to a re- servoir upon Bergen Heights. Also, nearly parallel, for about two miles, with the Morris and Essex Railroad, the New-Jersey Railway runs, form- ing a part of the route between New- York and Philadelphia. A company has recently been formed, with a capi- tal of thirty millions, for the purpose of reclaiming these meadows, and ren- dering them available for cultivation and building purposes. Snake Hill, a remarkable wooded eminence, rises abruptly out of this marsh, one mile north of the railroad. Upon it stands the Hudson County Almshouse, in full view from the cars. Beyond these marshes, which are some four miles wide, the land rises by a gentle slope, covered with villages, with mountains in the distance bound- ing the vision. The Passaic River now comes in sight on the left, and the city of 10 NEWARK. Newark, Essex Cotmty, N. J. 10 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 75. Hotel — Newark House. Location and Appearance. The city of Newark, the largest in the State, and the tenth city of the Union, having a population of nearly 100,000, is situated on the right bank of the Passaic River, four miles from its entrance into Newark Bay, chiefly on an elevated plain, terminated on the west by a ridge of land, extending from its northern to its southern ex- tremity. It is regularly and hand- somely laid out, with wide, straight streets, intersecting at right angles, and everywhere shaded with a profu- sion of magnificent elms, which line both sides of its streets in unbroken ranks. Broad street is the principal business thoroughfare, 120 feet in breadth, and extends through the en- tire length of the city, dividing it into two nearly equal parts. Crossing Broad street near its centre, is Market street, another important avenue of trade. Above Market street, and bor- dering on Broad, are two beautiful public squares, called "Washington" and " Military" Parks, each adorned with a profusion of shade-trees. In the lower part of the city is the " South Park," younger than the other two, and containing only trees of recent growth. Public Buildings. Among its public buildings are the Court-House, a large and handsome brown stone edifice, in the Egyptian style of architecture, at the intersection of Market and High streets. The building of the Library Association, containing a library of over 12,000 vol> umes, is one of the finest in the city. Besides apartments for the library, it contains a large hall for public lectures and concerts. The Custom- House, Post-Office, and City Hall will also attract attention. The Newark Aca- demy is a fine brick building, situated on the most elegant part of High street, and is surrounded by pleasant grounds, where an extended view is obtained of the Passaic Valley. The city of Newark contains seventy-five churches, lifting their spires skyward, and deserves the cognomen of " The City of Churches" equally with its sister city, Brooklyn. Among the most prominent are the Presbyterian on High street, the Meth- odist on Church street, the Episcopal on Broad street, and the St. James's Cathedral. The building occupied by the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company is one of the finest in the State. Manufactures. Newark owes its rapid growth chiefly to its extensive manufactories, number- ing nearly eight hundred, and causing it to rank the third city of the Union in manufacturing importance. The amount of capital employed in these pursuits is between ten and eleven millions of dollars, while the value of manufactured articles aggregates more than twenty-one millions annually. While crossing the Passaic River, be- fore reaching the station, Fagin^s flour mill rises prominently in view, to the south on the river bank. The building is immense, the largest establishment of the kind, probably, in the world, being 156 feet or twelve stories high, and 85 feet wide by 150 feet long. It is not only a monster grain elevator, but II also a "huge hive of industr>'," turn- ing out 2000 barrels of flour daily. The chimney at its side is 175 feet high. In the construction of this mill a million and a half of brick were used, its first story being built of brown stone, laid upon a foundation of solid granite piers ; and the entire structure is so compactly framed together that it is said the outer walls might be torn away, while every floor was laden with grain, and still the building would stand as firmly as a rock. There are a little over two acres of floors in the mill, and, were it used for storage, it would hold 760,000 bushels of grain. The entire machi- nery is driven by two engines of 600 horse-power. Connected with the establishment is a cooper-shop which can easily manu- facture 2000 barrels daily, and is capa- ble of holding 30,000. The firm of Fagin & Co. have erected this mill at Newark on account of the unobstructed facilities for navigation which the Passaic River possesses over the crowded harbor of New- York. The view from its cupola is very extended. A little above it and nearer the rail- road bridge is Ballantine's huge Brew- ery, where thousands of barrels of ale are manufactured annually. North of the railroad bridge are the factories of the Clark Thread Company, one of the largest thread works in the country, giving employment to 750 girls, and the Rankin Mills. Besides these there are in Newark establishments for the production of India-rubber goods, carriages, paper, machinery, castings, boots and shoes, etc. In the manufacture of jewelry this city is perhaps not surpassed by any in the United States, while in all the various branches of industry it pre- sents a most busy and prosperous ap- pearance. Here are some very celebrated broivtt stone quarries, which furnish great quantities of building material for New- York stores and residences, as well as for home consumption. In its commerce Newark is limited chiefly to the coasting trade, the Passaic River being navigable only for vessels of light draught. Objects of Interest. In the vicinity of Newark are many pleasant drives and walks. The shore of the Passaic River is lined with many beautiful villas, and elegant residences, which are seldom surpassed in the taste and costliness of their ornamen- tation. Among the more interesting of these is the " Kearny Place," the re- sidence of the late General Kearny, one of the nation's gallant defenders during the late war. It stands in a forest, and is built in the French style of architecture. On the opposite shore from the Kearny Place stands the ancient house, immortalized by Wash- ington Irving in the Sahnagzatdi, un- der the title of ''Cockloft Hall." Just beyond are the " Cedars," the former home of Henry William Herbert, known in literary circles as ''Frank Forrester." Here he lived an almost hermit life devoted to literature and dissipation, and here died. Mount Pleasant Cemetery, north of the city, embraces thirty-five acres of pleasantly undulating grounds, with smooth, wind- ing avenues, and a deluge of flowers that load the air with a grateful per- fume. History, Etc. Newark was settled in 1666 by a 12 company of Puritan families from New- Haven and adjoining colonies, the in- fluence of whose character in moulding the future of the town is witnessed at the present day in the marked moral- ity and respect for religious observan- ces that distinguish this city above others. At present, it is true, it has a large foi-eign population, and is the see of a Roman Catholic Bishop, yet its small police force and general good order is a standing testimonial of its character. Railway Connections, Etc The Newark and Bloomfield Rail- way connects with the pleasant subur- ban towns of Roseville, Bloomfield, and Mont Clair, while horse railroads run to Belleville, Clinton, Orange, and other adjoining places. The Morris Canal passes through the city, and a fine passenger steamboat plies daily to and from New- York. A railroad to Paterson is now being constructed. We now enter the fine farming coun.- try of New-Jersey, with the Orange Hills in view on the right, and pass up, for a short distance, a steep ascend- ing grade of 140 feet to the mile. ROSEVILLE. Newark, Essex Co., N. y. 11 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 75. This station is in the western part of the city of Newark, and is at the junction of the Morris and Essex with the Newark and Bloomfield Rail- road, extending through Bloomfield to Mont Clair. The village cf Bloomfield con- tains many beautiful summer resi- dences of New- York business men, and is healthful and pleasant. It is some two miles in length, and contains several churches and seminaries. In its vicinity are manufactories of cotton and woolen goods and paper. Mont Clair is another handsome and flourishing suburban village in the western part of the town of Bloom- field, just under the mountain. EAST-ORANGE, Orange, Essex Co., N. J., 12 vt.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 74, Is a pleasant village, containing some handsome suburban residences and rich farms. A new church, recently erected here, is seen on the left, near the station. The main street runs nearly norlh and south. ORANGE JUNCTION, Orange, Essex Co., N. J., \2\ m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easto7i, 73}, Receives its name fi-om its being the junction of the Morris and Essex Rail- road with the Newark Horse Railway. A new depot has recently been built here, to accommodate the residents in the east part of Orange. BRICK CHURCH. Orange, Essex Co., N. % 13 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton 73. Named from a church near this sta- tion, which is built of brick. A beauti- ful street here runs nearly parallel with the track, a little distance to the north of it, lined with pleasant residences. Harrison street, which is crossed by the railroad a little west of the station, is one of the principal streets of the town of Orange, and Is more than a mile in length. ORANGE. Orange, Essex Co., N. y. 14 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 72. Orange has become noted as one of 13 the finest suburban towns in the envi- rons of New- York. The salubrity of its climate, the beautiful scenery in its vicinity, and the facility of access to the city, have made it a favorite location for men of wealth and elegant tastes, wishing to retire from the bustle and confusion of the city. Many elegant and costly residences have been erected here, and the place is rapidly growing in importance. Within a few years the original town of Orange has been subdivided into several smaller ones, so that we now have East-Orange, West-Orange, and South-Orange, besides Orange proper. West-Orange, immediately adjoin- ing Orange on the west, includes a portion of Orange Mountain and the well-known Leivellyn Park. Here the rugged mountain-side has been converted by the taste and skill of Mr. L. S. Haskell, the originator of the project, into a series of beautiful villa sites, peculiarly adapted for land- scape gardening, and for artistic archi- tectural effects in the erection of sub- urban residences. Winding avenues, finely shaded with forest-trees and shrubbery, lead from the main entrance to all the different tracts into which it is subdivided, and portions of it, especially adapted for that purpose by their wild and roman- tic beauty, are laid out as common parks for the benefit of all the resi- dents. The view from Eagle Rock, the most elevated and prominent point in the park, is indescribably grand and beautiful. From this and numerous other points in the park, New-York City, Brookljm, the Bay, Staten Island, etc., are distinctly visible. | VALLEY STATION. Orange, Essex Co., N. y. 15 m./r. N. V. Fr. East on, 71. Here are extensive felt hat manufac tories. More hats are made in this vicinity than in any other part of the country. A fine stone church is being erected here, on the hill east of the railroad. We now pass along the hill- side, overlooking a beautiful valley and the slopes of the Orange Mountain on the west. MONTROSE. South Orange, Essex Co., N. J. 15i m. fr. N. V. Fr. Easton, 70^. Here quite a large tract has been purchased and laid out in lots, present- ing many delightful building sites to those desiring a country location. A new depot has recently been erect- ed at this point SOUTH-ORANGE, South Orange, Essex Co., N. J. 16 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 70, Is one of the most delightful portions of Essex county. Its location is in the valley and on the slopes lying between First or Orange Mountain on the west, and a range of low hills on the east, and is the summer residence of num- bers of men doing business in New- York. Along the mountain-side are many beautiful suburban villas and country-seats, embowered among trees, while their elevated site affords a mag- nificent view to the eastward of this entire region, extending many miles. The cities of New- York and Brooklyn, Newark, Elizabeth, and Rahway can be distinctly seen from Orange Moun- tain, in a clear day, while the num9 14 rous vlllagas and rich landscape lying between form a scene of surpassing beauty. Seton Hall, a Roman Catholic col- lege, is pleasantly situated, a half mile east of the railroad, on the carriage- road to Newark. MILLBITRN. Millburn, Essex Co., N". y. 20 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 66. Millburn is a pleasant village, on the left of the railroad, containing two churches and some fine residences. There are also several hat manufacto- ries and an extensive manufactory of paper. We here pass around the ex- tremity of the Orange Mountain, which breaks off abruptly into what are called the " Short Hills." The grade here ascends about So feet to the mile to the summit, and the view toward the south, as we pass on, is extensive and beau- tiful. SUMMIT STATION. New-Provideitce, Union Co., N. y. 23 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 63. This station, as its name indicates, is on the top of the mountain, over which the railroad here passes. Look- ing toward the left or eastward, we obtain a view of Elizabeth in the dis- tance, with Springfield and other villa- ges lying between, and a fertile coun- try, dotted with neat farm-houses. Here, on the left, is a small village, with a church, several stores, and a number of summer residences. The Summit House, a large hotel, is also beautifully situated near the depot. The view westward is very extended. Boonton, distinguished for its iron furnaces and manufactories, is seen fer off upon the mountains, and Chat- ham, a few miles distant. After leav ing the station we pass, on a descend- ing grade, through a wooded and hilly country, often winding from toward the north and south by sharp curves. Again we cross the Passaic, with the little village of Stanley, or South- Chatham, on the west, where there are several large paper-mills, and the man- ufacture of felt roofing is extensively carried on. The wooded elevation west of it is called " Long Hill." CHATHAM, CJtatham, Morris Co., N, y., 25 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 60, Is a handsome village, in a rolling country, on the Passaic River. It contains a church, several stores, and an academy. There are many fine farms in the township. Land in this vicinity has become quite valuable, a number of the most desirable localities having been secured for summer resi- dences by gentlemen firom the city. MADISON, Chaikatn, Morris Co., N. y., 28 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 57, Formerly called "Bottle Hill,'' con- tains several stores and churches, and a manufactory of screws. It is plea- santly located in a fertile region, the land in some localities selling at $iooo and upward per acre. Many New- York business men own dwellings here. Daniel Drew, of New- York, has bought 200 acres of land in Madi- son, at a cost of $150,000, and given it to the Methodists for the purpose of establishing a theological seminary, and has offered a much larger sum to insure its success. Leaving this station, Boonton again 15 comes in nearer view as we overlook the valley. MORRISTOWN, Morrlstown, Morris Co., N. y., 32 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 53, Is the capital of Morris county, on the Whippany River. It is situated on a table-land inclosed by ranges of hills, and presents a neat and attractive ap- pearance. It has a handsome court- house, eight churches, two banks, an academy, and several private schools, with many fine residences. In the centre is a handsome public square, on which are erected many of the stores and public buildings. It is the principal market for the rich and highly produc- tive agricultural region that surrounds it, and has manufactories of paper, iron, etc. General Washington had his head- quarters here during the encamp- ment of the army in this vicinity in the winters of 1776 and 1779. The house then occupied by him can be seen just before arriving at the depot, cm the right of the track, beyond the meadow, which extends from the front of the house to the railroad. It was built in 1774, and contains a number of articles of furniture which were then used by him. " Fort Nonsense " is an elevated piece of ground just back of the Court- House, on which some slight evidences of fortifications may still be traced. Upon the old camping-ground of the army the foun- dations of many of the chimneys erect- ed by the troops may be seen, running in parallel rows, and terminating on what is called Fort Hill, south of the village, whdre probably artillery was located. At Baskingridge, about six miles south - west of Morristown, standi the house in which Major-General Charles Lee was captured, while loi- tering on his way to join Washington, in December, 1776. About a mile eastward of Baskingridge, a mansion erected by Earl Sterling soon after his marriage with the daughter of Philip Livingston is still standing. Several days may be passed by a traveler very pleasantly at Morristown in visiting these historic localities. The village has a numbed of good ho- tels, with a population of about four thousand. After leaving here, we run nearly due north through a hilly and rough tract for several miles. MORKIS PLAINS, Morristown, Morris Co., N. J., 34 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 51, Is a small station bordering on the town of Hanover, with but a few houses. DENVILLE. Rockaway, Morris Co., N. y. 39 vi.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 46. Here is a hotel and small village. Mountains and wooded hills are seen on every side as we ride onward, and we again approach quite near to the Morris Canal, which from Newark runs north to Paterson, thence west through Boonton to this place, and fi-om here pursues a course nearly pa- rallel with the railroad as far as Easton. A branch railroad connects this place with Boonton, five miles north-east. Boonton is situated in one of the most mountainous sections of Morris county, on the Rockaway River, sur- rounded by high hills and rocky as- cents, upon which much of the village is built. 17 It is distinguished for \ii extensive iron works, which consist of a blast- furnace, a large rolling-mill, and a nail factory, the whole forming one of the most complete establishments of the lund in the country. The iron used here is principally obtained from the Mount Hope and Hibernia Mines, situated a few miles west, in the adjoining township of Rockaway. The Morris Canal and the new branch railroad to Denville afford valuable facilities both for the transportation of ore and of the manu- factured products. The village contains two or three churches, several stores, two hotels, and some pleasant residences. Here are several inclined planes on the Mor- ris Canal, by means of which boats are drawn from one level to another over the liills. The elevated position of Boonton renders it visible for many miles around, and the prospect from its vi- cinity is varied and extensive. EOCKAWAY. Rockaway, Morris Co., A', y. 41 m./r. N. Y. Fr. E as ton, 44. Rockaway, on the Rockaway River, is one of the most important towns in the State, being situated in its richest iron mining region, and having exten- sive manufactories of this metal. Here are large rolling-mills, several forges and foundries, and steel fur- naces. Rr.ilroad tracks lead from this station back into the mines, bringing down the ore to the furnaces and to the railroad. We now follow for a time the right bank of the Rockaway River, and soon reach DOVER. Ra7idoIph, Morris Co., N. J. 44 7n.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 41. Dover, near the centre of Morris county, and in the midst of a rich mining region, is next to Morristown in importance. It is upon the Rock- away River and the Morris Canal. It contains several manufactories of iron and steel, with their furnaces, foundries, rolling-mills, etc., also seve- ral spike factories. The village con- tains a church, bank, and several stores. The ''Jolly House'" will dcr its best to make all visitors to this lo- cality good-natured. Leaving Dover, we cross the Morris Canal and pass through a wooded re- gion, frequently crossing and recross- ing the Rockaway River amid nume- rous romantic hills, and passing the junction of the Mount Hope Railroad on the right, leading to the Mount Hope Mines on the mountains, some four miles north of the main road. These mines are owned by the Lacka- wanna Iron and Coal Company, who mine over io,ooo tons per annum. The Thomas Iron Company and the Glendon Iron Company , also have extensive mines near this road. DRAKESVILLE. Roxbury, Morris Co., N". J. 49 in.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 33. Lake Hopatcong is four miles dis- tant from this station, on a mountain to the north. This lake is nine miles long and about four wide, and is a popular summer resort. In its vicinity are five hotels, which accommodate large num- bers of guests. Two small steamboats ply over its waters, which abound with fish. It is one of the feeders of the i8 Morris Canal, and is remarkable as having no visible inlet. The village of Drakesville is a mile and a half south- east from the depot. Stages are, how- ever, in waiting to convey passengers to it and to the lake houses. POET MORRIS, Roxbury^ Morris Co., N. J., 51 vt.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 34, Also called Shipping Port, being the point where coal is transhipped from the canal to the railroad. There are several inclined planes along the canal in this vicinity, where the boats are transferred from one level to another, in getting over the summit formed by the ridge known on the south-west as Schooley's Mountain and on the north- east as Brookland Mountain. These two mountains, having the convenient gap between through which the canal and railroad find passage, form a part of the great Appalachian range of mountains extending many hundred miles along the eastern part of the United States. Stationary engines are used for hoist- ing the boats up these planes, but on the downward progress they descend by their own weight. The southern extremity of Lake Hopatcong ap- proaches quite near this station, and its water is drawn into Brookland Pond, •which lies a little north of the railroad, and forms a part of the canal for some distance near Stanhope. The Ogden Mine Railroad is being extended to connect with the railroad at this place. It now runs from the mines to the canal at Brookland Pond, ten miles. Five miles more are to be built to reach the Morris and Essex Railroad at Port Morris. STANHOPE, Roxbury, Morris Co., N. y., 53 in./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 31, On the Musconeicong River, which has its source in Lake Hopatcong: It con- tains a large iron furnace, which can be seen on the right, with a branch track leading to it, and about sixty dwellings. About three miles from this station to the north is Lake Se7tecawana, some- tinues called BiidcTs Lake, a beautiful sheet of water five miles long and two wide, on the east side of which there is a fine hotel, which has become a popu- lar summer resort. Omnibuses run from the depot to the Lake House. WATERLOO. Roxbury, Morris Co., N. y. 5Gm /r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 29. Waterloo is a small village on the Musconetcong River, with a few houses. Pohatcong Mountain, nearly on the north-west, affords a fine view of the surrounding country. Here the Mor- ris and Essex Railroad connects with the Sussex Railroad, running to New- ton, ten miles distant. Newton, the terminus of the Sus- sex Railroad, is a thriving borough, and capital of Sussex county. It is pleasant- ly situated on the Paulinskill Creek, upon an undulating site, bounded on the west by a range of hills that extend north and south through the entire length of the county, while on the east extended meadows stretch northward along the Paulinskill. It is handsomely laid out, and contains the county court- house and jail, five churches, a bank, several good schools, and a public li- brary. Here are also two large iron foundries. The population of Newton is about 3500. Within the township 19 are the " Andover " and " Tar " iron mines. A branch railroad from the former connects with the Sussex Rail- road, and, through it, with the Morris and Essex Railway. HACKETTSTOWN, HackettstowHy Warren Co., N. J. 62 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 23. Hotels — A tnerican and Warren Houses. Is a thriving borough on the Musco- netcong River, near the Morris Canal, with a population of 2000. It Wcis in- corporated in 1852, and contains a num- ber of churches and stores, a bank, and an academy, and has also exten- sive flouring-mills. Its situation is in the midst of a delightful and fertile agricultural valley, of limestone forma- tion, which yields a rich return to the farmer. The town is in full view on the left as we approach the station. ScHOOLEv's Mountain, two and a half miles distant, is a celebrated water- ing-place. This mountain has an ele- vation of 1200 feet above the sea. Mineral Springs, containing muriate of soda, of lime, and of magnesia, sul- phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and carbonated oxide of iron, are found near its summit. Several hotels and private boarding-houses have been erected here for the accommodation of visitors, who resort here to drink the waters, and enjoy the pure air and mountain scenery. Omnibuses are al- ways at the station to convey passen- gers to these mountain hotels, and also through the village. The sharp peak rising abruptly west of the station is called Malvern Hill, from which East- on can be seen on a clear day. The Moi'ris Canal passes near its base. The large building upon the bank of the canal is a Lager-Bier Brewery. We have now entered what is called the head of the Shenandoah Valley, being formed by similar ridges to that of the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, and indeed forming a part of the same Appalachian range. The ridge on the south-east is Schooley's Mountain, thai on the north-west Pohatcong Moun- tain. The Musconetcong River runs in this valley to its junction with the Delaware, four or five miles below Easton. PORT MURRAY, Washington, Warren Co., N. y., 68 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton^ 17, A small way station on the north-west side of the valley near Pohatcong Mountain. It is likewise a station on the canal, and has a hotel and one or two stores. There is near by a fine quarry of handsome, light-colored gra- nite, which is used for building pur- poses. This is a favorite locality for sportsmen ; quail and woodcock abound, while nearly all the streams contain trout. WASHINGTON. Washington, Warren Co., N. y. 72 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 14. Hotel — The Washington House. The Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad here intersects the Morris and Essex, and passengers for the Lackawanna and Wyoming coal regions, Scranton, the Delaware Water-Gap, etc., change cars here. Both these railroads here find their way through a wide gap in the Pohat- cong Mountain. While the former winds its way across the ridges toward the north-west, the latter and the Mor- ris Canal continue in a south-westerly G-REAT EMPORIUM FOR OF ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD, Photographic Albums, and Photographic Materials, E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., SOI BB,OAJ)WA.Yf New York, St. Nicholas Block. These beautiful pictures, tiiat cannot be distinguished from the finest Oil Paintings, Bt ofle-teiith their cost, we import largely fi-om Paris, London, Berlin, Vienna, and Eome, and supply Iht; tr.ide at the lowest rates. 21 direction, along the valley formed by the Pohatcong on the south-east and Scott Mountain on the north-west. Washington is a beautiful village of 1500 inhabitants. It has several large stores, a large Masonic hall, t^vo churches, an academy, and many handsome residences. It is a thriving business place. The Delaware, Lack- awanna, and Western Railroad Com- pany here transship large quantities of coal to the canal. The amount so trans- shipped during the last year was 200,- 000 tons. The hills on the soutli con- tain iron ore, while the smooth, rolling country on the north is extremely fer- tile, producing rich harvests of grass and cereals. A mile below is a large flour-mill and brick-yard. BROADWAY, Franklm, IVarren Co., N. y., 77 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Boston, 9, Is a small country village, about three quarters of a mile north of the station, on Pohatcong Creek. It contains a church and store, with about twenty dwellings. Considerable grain is for- warded from this vicinity. STEWARTSVILLE, Greenwich, Warren Co., N. J., 71 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Boston, 5, Is situated on Merritt's Brook, a branch of Pohatcong Creek. It is an old-fashioned, inland town, with a population of about five hundred, hav- ing considerable wealth, most of its citizens being thriving farmers. There is an extensive tannery here, which, in the perfection and variety of its ma- chinery, is said to be second to none in the State ; also a large brick-yard. It has also three churches, several Stores, and an academy. The railroad crosses tlie Morris Canal at this place. Beyond Stewartsville we pass through a deep cut in the earth and rock, seventy feet deep, in excavating which a year and a half was occupied. PHILIIPSBURG. Phillipsburg, Warren Co., N. J. 83 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Boston, 1, Hotels — Bcnnefs and Reese^s. An incorporated borough, situated on the left bank of the Delaware River, opposite Easton, in Pennsylva- nia. Its site is on a high elevation, somewhat rocky and uneven in surface, yet it has many pleasant cottages and villas, and considerable wealth. It is an important manufacturing town, having twelve large establishments, where iron in some form is the pro- duct. Among these are the " Trenton Iron Company's Furnace ;" a nut manu- factory ; the Warren Foundry and Machine Company's Works, for the manufacture of gas and water-pipes ; Reese, Merrick & Co.'s manufactory of mowing-machines and agricultural implements; the Delaware Rolling- Mill ; Delawaie Bolt Factory; Lake, Bearder & Co.'s stove works ; Wil- helm Wagner & Co.'s sheet-iron ma- nufactory, the product of which is said to be equal in quality to that of any manufactory in the United States. There are four churches in this bo- rough. Three bridges cross the Dela- ware at this place — two of wood, for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and a new iron one, recently built, for ihe Morris and Essex Railroad. Phillips- burg is the residence of General Heck- man, who distinguished himself in the late war for the maintenance of the Union. 22 Here connection is made with the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, the Le- high Valley Railroad, and the Le- high Coal atid Navigation Cotnpany^s Railroad. A connection is also contemplated with the East Pennsylvaftia Railroad at AUentown,by building a new railroad from Easton to that place. The East Pennsylvania Railroad is now con- trolled by the Reading Railroad Com- pany, and by this means an outlet will be afforded for the great Schuylkill and Mahanoy Coal Regions directly to New-York, via Pottsville and Tamaqua. The interests of the Lehigh coal region are intimately connected with those of the two railroads now exist- ing between Easton and Allentown, and they are not at present disposed to adlow the coal of the other regions to pass over their road, to compete with theirs in the New- York market. EASTON. Easton, NortJia^npton Co., Pa. 86 m.fr. N. Y. Hotels — The A mericau and Frank- lin Houses. Site. This town, one of the oldest in the State, is situated at the junction of the Delaware, Lehigh, and Bushkill Rivers, in part upon the debris which their waters have washed down and lodged in this situation. So limited, however, is the site thus produced that much of the town, as it has in- creased in size, has climbed up the ranges of hills which encircle it on all sides, giving it a romantic appearance. Its regularly laid out streets are either paved or macadamized, and are lighted with gas, supplied with water, and kept very neat and clean. Near the centre of the city is a public green, called the " Circle," from its circular form. Around k is a hand- some paved promenade, shaded with trees. Around this Circle, on market days, are ranged rows of temporary stalls, and wagons from the country loaded with produce. In its vicinity are many of the oldest and finest resi- dences, which are built of brick, and present an air of comfort and compe- tence. • Public Buildings, Etc. The Court-House occupies a com- manding position on the hill in the western part of the borough. There are also a number of fine churches and an academy. On the east rises Mount Lafayette, with La/ayette College near its sum- mit. This institution was found- ed in 1833, and has many attractive features. It is located on a beautiful eminence, overlooking the surrounding country, and its grounds cover forty acres. It has nine resident and three lecturing professors, and 100 students. Recent endowments, amounting to $300,000, have given it a new impetus. This amount has been raised mainly through the efforts of the able presi- dent. Rev. Dr. Cattell, and the liber- ality of A. Pardee, Esq., of Hazleton, who has contributed about $200,000. A fine new building of limestone has recently been erected, containing a cabinet with more than 8000 speci- mens of minerals from Pennsylva- nia and New Jersey alone, be- sides lecture-rooms and apartments for laboratories and the use of stu- dents. North of this as a new obser» 23 vatory, which contains a telescope of superior quality and power. Other buildings are soon to be erected and the old ones remodeled, making this college one of the best institutions of the kind in the country. Its location is peculiarly adapted for the study of those branches to which the attention of students will be more prominently directed, being in the midst of a rich mineral region, presenting a large va- riety of interesting fields for explora- tion. Here are found rare specimens of serpentine, zircons, and epidote, while north of Easton is a rock from which is obtained a rich variety of au- gite9. A new locality, just opened, contains the sulphate of barytes, while on the south, across the Lehigh River, the Lehigh Hills are filled for miles with mines of iron. At the Phillips- burg Cut, on the south, the limestone and granite come together, a singular and unusual occurrence. This is the only granite found in this entire region. DurJinm. Cave, near here, contains the petrified bones of the buffalo, moose, and deer, with evidence that these animals must have inhabited this region within about a century. Here, too, at the forks of the Delaware, was the great camping-ground of the Indi- ans in the times of Brainerd. Motint yefferson, the abrupt peak in the centre of the town, was an In- dian lookout, where are still found arrow-heads and other Indian relics. The view of these localities from La- fayette College is grand. Manufactures. Among the principal manufactories of Easton is the rolling-mill and wire manufactory of Stewart & Co., at South- Easton, on the southern bank of the Lehigh, from which from iao« to 1500 tons of iron and copper wire are made annually, and is pronounced the finest manufactured in this country. Strangers are always welcomed to see these works, which are exceedingly curious and interesting. The Glendon Iron Works are a mile and a half above Easton Centre, on the Lehigh River. Besides these are the Oxford Furnace, Cooper's Furnace, the Le- high Cotton Factor)', and the Frank- lin Iron Works, manufacturing nearly all kinds of agricultural implements. These various establishments give to Easton, though a somewhat antiquated German town, a busy and thriving apn pearance. Bushkill Creek affords a good water- power, upon which are more than a dozen mills and distilleries, which con- sume 250,000 bushels of grain, and manufacture 900,000 gallons of whisky annually. A fine covered bridge, 600 feet long, erected in 1805 for carriage and foot travel, crosses the Delaware to Phil- lipsburg at the foot of Northampton street, which has alone withstood the powerful freshets that, from time to time, have carried away so many simi- lar stiiictures. An iron bridge across the Lehigh connects Easton with South- Easton, where is the depot of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Over this, and crossing diagonally, the Le- high Coal Navigation Company are erecting a new and very long bridge, to connect their road, which is nearly completed to this place, with the Mor- ris and Essex and the New- Jersey Central, running to New- York. Railroad Communications. The facilities of Easton for commii* 24 nicatioTi with ali sections of the coun- try are numerous and excellent. It is the western terminus of the Central Railroad of New-Jersey, the Morris and Essex Railroad, and the Morris Canal. The Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Lehigh Coal Navigation Com- pany's Railroad and Canal extend from here to the coal regions. By the Belvi- dere Delaware Railroad it is connect- ed with Philadelphia below, and with Belvidere, the Water-Gap, and the Lackawanna coal regions above. The Allenton route, from Allentown through Harrisburg to Pittsburg, con- nects it with all points west. No traveler should leave Easton without, once at least, climbing some of its lofty hills, and enjoying for a while the almost matchless beauty of the scene that is here spread before the vision. rarbOTu]3l^<|;^^>'**«*. " "l^lllOIIISVllll' I. Y am M IXC - / i . . , r, -iv^J^^v^r .Moscow^! V j - • I, I' X ,i;%^Miv >' r. \ ^ / JtoiviUp* PIKE % ,"^'y ,C' O I.)V M jT. \ >f O X K\»0 K Li'wisI i(irllHiiiil)i'il.iiHW2' , » ». • « 1 ' Sill' •'r"— -'"^''^ " Si'lin^i. 1 tk >*k - jrfy" '4N-~>c^^JiP*''w8ROA" .r'>^'ji1iKi4ii;i ^»iS)J^.<'Vk^^>>^^\' -w' ^ii'lxWc re />^ ;*"*t clAi — "■ TV /f Ml I ' J^Kli %°*'l""?i1)o7ivilkY"^^ / \) /; /will'./ W/ - ^- ....—rv^l^ -•-••*»■£ ^i.««-B'^^' 3^" VAW" ^ MoiTisrj^i fi-: s v^ldbTn|L-l.||f^-;(\,*' ' \ *\,oi^& J ,//^^ s \ a % 't!I'«<-i *' (-■ F^^Hc^V /J^jKtr ^ _Ji S A\. I? V i^x ' McmiiK ^ New lliiltttiiit •' NviivlUsvj 'tMrfwres imiiiliui [RLAOINC V*/ c. \ I'sbOr^ . * I C KS AbL ^ IVmceKn»Al>'«'\v^i^ ■«' »* ffii .ssiSl / ^v Map of thi: ra«,.own Anthracite Coal Regions ^ OF PENNSYLVANIA, Nonistown\ '^ /"v Jurlmiitnii BT HFAVALLINJ; J i M The Coal Regions of Penn- sylvania. That portion of Pennsylvania in which anthracite coal is found is divided into several regions, occupying three distinct basins, or long, narrow valleys, between parallel ridges of the great Appalachian system. The first, or most southerly, is the Schuylkill Region, extending through the middle of Schuylkill county. The second is the Middle or Mahanoy Region, north of the Schuylkill, and separated from it by Broad Mountain. The third, being the most northerly of all, comprises the Wyoming and Lackawanna Regions, occupying a long, crescent-shaped valley, stretching north-easterly across the county of Luzerne. The accompanying map will give a general idea of the relative positions of these regions. The Lehigh Region includes the eastern extremity of the great Schuylkill basin, bordering on the Lehigh River. It also includes a number of detached basins or outlying patches of coal. It is here that the hardest and most com- pact variety of the anthracite, so well known as " Lehigh coal," is obtained. The Lehigh and Schuylkill Regions have been longest and, till recently, most extensively worked, convenient ac- cess/rom them to market having been first established by the construction of canals and railroads down the valleys of the Lehigh and Schuylkill Rivers ; but nearly the whole extent 26 of the different basins is now accessible by railroad, and mines are being opened in all of them. Amid such a great variety of intersecting railroads and places and objects of interest, the tourist has a choice of many different routes. The one selected for description is, perhaps, the most picturesque that could be chosen, and in the wildness, beauty, and pleasing variety of its scener}', the ease and com- fort to be found in its well-kept hotels, and the amount of useful and interesting information attainable, will, to those who have not time for a more extended journey and a more thorough examination of all the localities, prove highly sa- tisfactory. All the interesting features of the coal forma- tions and mining operations are to be seen on this route, to- gether with some of the grandest and most striking scenery in America. The route selected is via the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad, through the famous Delaware Water Gap, up the Alleghany slope, over the ridge, down into the Lackawanna Valley at Scranton, thence down this valley and that of the Susquehanna to Wilkesbarre, pass- ing through a portion of the celebrated and beautiful Wyoming Valley. From Wilkesbarre the railroad climbs by a circuitous route over the encircling mountain on the south, and then descends the Lehigh Valley, passing through a constant succession of wild and romantic scenery, and, in the vicinity of Mauch Chunk, affording an opportunity to examine some of the boldest and most successful me- chanical and engineering achievements of the age. Continuing down the beautiful valley of the Lehigh, we pass through the pleasant city of Allentown to Easton, having completed a circuit of a little over two hundred miles. The r|,ilroads over which the described route passes, with distances, etc., are as follows : 27 Th€ Belvidere Delaware Railroad from PhiUpsburgy opposite Easton, to Manunka Chunky 17 miles. The Delaware^ Lackawanna, and Western Railroad, from Manunka Chunk to Scranton, 67 miles. (From New- York to Scranton direct, the distance is 147 miles ; name- ly, New York to Washington, 70 miles, Washington to Scranton, TJ miles.) The Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, from Scranton to Wilkesbarre, 18 miles. The Lehigh Valley Railroad ixom Wilkesbarre to Easton, 10 1 miles. Belvidere Delaware Railroad. EASTON TO MANUNKA CHUNK JUNCl'ION, 17 MILES^ From Easton, the tourist desiring to visit the Delaware Water Gap and the coal regions will cross the river to the station of the Belvidere Delaware Railroad at Phillipsburg, passing on this road as far as Manunka Chunk Junction, where the train will con- nect with the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad for Scranton. The passenger from New York to the coal regions, however, who does not wish to visit Easton, may take a more direct route from New York to Scranton by leaving the Morris and Essex Road at Washington, where it is intersected by the Delaware, Lacka- wanna, and Western Railroad, instead of going through to Easton. A ride of 10 miles, through the villages of Oxford Furnace and Bridgeville, would then bring us to Manunka Qiunk Station. At Oxford Fitnuice, in Oxford township, Warren Co., 9 miles from New-Hampton Junction, is an exten- sive iron furnace, which gives its name to the \'illage, besides a large machine- shop, car-wheel foundry, etc. Iron ore of a rich quality is abundant in the vicinity, and is easily smelted. Bridgeville, 14 miles from New- Hampton, is a small village, also In Oxford township, containing a hotel, store, etc. Leaving Phillipsburg, we wind along t?>e east bank of the Delaware River, between mountains of limestone form- ation, throtigh a charming region, with wooded hill -slopes and smooth, culti- vated fields. Our first stopping-place is at MARTINIS CREEK. Harmony, Warren Co., N. J. 6 w.fr. Easton. This small stream, which gives its name to the station, empties into the Delaware on the Pennsylvania side, where there is a small village, having several stores, atannen', and distillery, while at the station there are a few dwellings in an agricultural district. The current of the Delaware is here smooth and gentle, and contrasts strong- ly with its appearance as we ascend toward Its source, where it becomes more rapid, and its bed rocky and un- even. HUTCHINSONS. HarTnony, Warren Co., N. y., 8 m./r. EastoH, On Lommasson's Creek, has two savr- mllls and a few houses, in a romantic ravine east of the railway. EOXBURY. HarTnony, Warren Co., N". y. 9 m./r. Easton. The village Is a mile east of the sta- tion, and contains an Iron foundry, a grist-mill, and several stores. 29 BELVIDERE. Oxford, Warren Co., N. J. 14 m./r. East on. Belvidere, an incorporated borough, is pleasantly located on Pequest Creek, and contains many beautiful resi- dences, a number of churches, stores, and a fine public school. The school- building occupies a prominent site in the centre of the town, and will be re- cognized by its square tower and town clock. Here also is a court-house, a bank, and a number of manufactories. Among these are a large cotton mill, an iron foundry, and several saw and flour mills. The Pequest Creek here has a fall of about 50 feet, affording abundant water-power. Beyond the station the road is cut in the side of the Manunka Chunk Mountain. Tay- lor's Island, beneath in the Delaware, is a wooded and delightfully pleasant spot MANTJNKA CHUNK. Oxford, IVarren Co., N.J. 75 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 67. This is the junction of the Delaware and Belvidere with the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad. Passengers from Easton for the Water Gap here change cars, passing up an inclined covered way to the station of the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad. A few rods south, that road is seen emerging from the Voss Gap Tunnel, cut through the Manunka Chunk Mountain, a distance of nearly 1000 feet. A small stream runs through the tunnel beside the track. Ten miles south- east fi-om here is the junc- tion with the Morris and Essex Rail- road at Washington. New-HampU>n, the junction with the Central Railway of New-Jersey, and the comuience- ment of the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad, is 14 miles south-cast Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad. MANUNKA CHUNK TO SCRANTON, 67 MILES. The route here passes along the east bank of the Delaware, through fine, fertile meadows and smoothly rounded hills, cultivated to their sum- mits. DELAWARE STATION. Knowlton, Warren Co., N. y. 82 7n.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 65. Here trains from both directions stop IS minutes for dinner. Soon after leaving here the railroad crosses the Delaware into the State of Penn- sylvania, over a fine bridge, seve- ral hundred feet long. COLUMBIA. Upper Mt. Bethel, NortJiampton Co., Pa. 85 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 62, The village of Columbia is on the ■east side of the river, at the mouth of Paulins Kill. Here are extensive tanneries, limestone quarries, and lime-kilns. The village around the station is called Dill's Ferry. SLATEFORD. Mt. Bethel, NortJtatnpton Co., Pa. 88 jn.frN. Y. Fr. Scranton, 59. A small village where are extensive slate quan-ies. We now are under the shadow of the towering Blue Moun- tains, and soon enter the " Water Gap." The traveler will now find hi* attention fully engrossed by the wild magnificence and grandeur of the scenery. DELAWARE WATER GAP STATION. Stnithfield, Monroe Co., Pa. 90 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 67. Here we will diverge from the mono- tony of simply describing the stations as we pass, and speak of the Delaware River itself, and its romantic passage to the sea, as well as of the places of interest in the immediate vicinity of the " Gap." The Delaware River, Called by the Indians '^ Makerti' kitton," rises in New-York, on the western declivity of the Catskill Mouii« tains, by two branches, which, after flowing south-westerly for more than 70 miles through deep and narrow mountain ravines, unite at the village of Hancock, on the Erie Railway, near the north-east comer of Penn- sylvania. From thence, for 75 miles, it flows south-easterly, forming the boundary between the States of New- York and Pennsylvania to Port Jervis, at the north-west corner of New- Jersey, and between New-Jersey and Pennsyl- 31 vania below that point to its mouth. Just below Port Jervis it reaches the foot of the Blue Ridge or Kittatumy Mountain, also called in New- York the Shaivangunk Mountain. Here its course again changes to the south-west, and it runs along the foot of the mountain as if seeking a passage, which at length it finds at the Water Gap. Turning toward the south, it passes through the Gap, again turns south-west, and at Easton, 27 miles below, it sweeps around to the south-east, passing through the ranges known as South Mountain in Pennsylvania, and Scott Mountain, Pohatcong Mountain, etc., in New- Jersey. Continuing in a south-easterly direction, it descends rapidly over a rocky bed in the vicinity of Trenton : then, 5 miles below, at Bordentown, bends again to the south-west, where, having gradually increased in volume and size, it has become a fine, navi- gable river, half a mile in width. Twenty-five miles below Bordentown it skirts the wharves of the city of Phila- delphia, bearing upon its surface ships and steamers of the largest size, and finally empties its waters into the Delaware Bay, 40 miles below Phila- delphia. Its entire length, fi-om its source in the mountains to the Bay, is about 300 miles. The scenery above the Water Gap presents a remarkable contrast to that below it, being wild, rugged, and romantic, while the river below the Gap fiows through a rich, level, and fertile region, and its banks are hned with thriving and populous villa- ges, towns, and cities. Scenery at the Gap. Of the Delaw.ue Water Gap and the scenery in its immediate vicinity but a feeble and imperfect impression can be obtained through the medium of language. It must be visited and thoroughly explored b^ those who would obtain an adequate idea of its magnificent beauty and grandeur. The topography of the mountains and hills of Pennsylvania presents some most curious and remarkable features which have never been fiilly explained. Running generally in long, parallel ridges, they are frequently broken up into a few short zigzags, and then stretch off again for many miles in continuous, nearly uniformly sloping, ridges, having the general character of immense embankments. The gaps through which rivers find their way are generally where these breaks in direction occur, and it would almost seem that they had been weak- ened or actually broken at these places by some lateral force, and thus have allowed the running water to cut its way through with more or less ease. Professor Rogers, who conducted the great geological survey of the State, traces a nearly uniform law in these cases, namely, that the ridges on the east of the Assures aie displaced to the north of the range of those on the west. We shall see, in passing through the Delaware Gap, that the New-Jer- sey portion of the mountain is several hundred feet north-west of the range of the Pennsylvania portion. The distance through the mountain is about 2 miles, and the banks risa precipitously to the height of 1600 feet, leaving at the south-east entrance scarcely room for a road beneath the overhanging rocks. The rock strata lie at a considerable angle with the 32 plane of the horizon, as may be dis- tinctly seen from the car ^vindows. They are made up principally of sand- stone and conglomerate rock. The causes which have produced this mighty upheaval of these immense masses of solid rock, and have so in- clined them out of their original level direction, are a subject of curious speculation ; but, as geologists have not yet obtained sufficient evidence to become fully decided on these points, we must for the present leave the matter in their hands. The places of interest among these mountains are numerous, many of them connected with the earlier his- tory of this region, especially rich in Indian legends, and eventful of In- dian history. Ascending the Kittatinny Mountain, on the left, by a steep and rugged path, the Moss Cataract is a favorite lounging-place. Here a small stream of dear, ice-cold water tumbles down a succession of moss-covered rocks, scattering its cooling spray in the most refreshing manner, while the music of its fall may be heard for a long distance. ^^ Lover's Leap'''' affords a beautiful and commanding view«cf the Gap and its surroundings, and that from Pros- pect Rock is beyond description. This rock is a rugged table of brown stone, which is only reached after a rough and tiresome walk up a winding path nearly two miles long ; but, when reached, the view amply repays the toil which must be undergone to en- joy it. Toward the right stands the grim old Jersey Mountain in all its solemn grandeur, losing itself in the distance in the continuous range of the Blue Ridge, of which it is simply the cnt end of one of its severed portions. Down in the valley the river winds its way over beds of rock, its blue out- line broken here and there by the foam of the rapids. Toward the left and below us wa see the railroad station, with the road winding around the foot of the Peni^ sylvania Mountain, and above it the Kittatinny House, where visitors can signal friends who have climbed te this lofty height. This hotel is a very popular resort, and has among its guests many who stand high in social, financial, and political circles. It is located on a high ledge in the Gap itself, and is reached from the station by carriages which are always in wait- ing for the accommodation of travelers. Leaving the Gap, we cross Broad- head's Creek, a wild and romantic stream, and pass on through a deep cut in the solid rock called " Rock Difficult" from the labor required in excavating it. This rock resembles flint, and $80,000 were expended in cutting a passage through it. STROUDSBXTRG. Stroudsburg; Monroe Co.., Ft. 94 m. fr. N. Y. Fr, Scranton, 53. The shire-town of Monroe county, on the north bank of the Smithfield Creek. The village is seen a mile south of the station, in a pleasant valley. It is laid out on a single street, and has a court-house, a jail, and other county buildings, with a popula- tion of about 1500. Here are several flour-mills. We have now left the rugged mountains several miles be- hind, and roll along a more level re- gion, soon again coming alongside 33 of Broadhead's Creek, a winding stream abounding; with trout. SPEAGUEVILLE. Siroudsburg, Monroe Co., Pa., 99 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 48, Is situated on Broadhead Creek, in a wooded region surrounded by hills. Here is a tannery, a flour-mill, a church, and a small village. Com- mencing at Spragueville, the grade ascends, at the rate of 65 feet to the mile, to the summit of the Pocono Mountain, a distance of 25 miles. This is the eastern slope of the great Alle- ghany range. Much of the region we now traverse is a wilderness covered with forests, having here and there a clearing with a small village on the line of the railroad, or a few scattered huts of woodmen. HENRYVILLE, Paradise, Monroe Co., Pa., 1Q2 7K. fr. N. V. Fr. Scranton, 45, Is down in the valley to the left, and contains a saw-mill, a church, several stores, and dwellings. We are now passing gradually up the Alleghany slope, and, as we rise, we overlook an extensive wooded country, with here and there a farm-house or a cabin. Pines and oaks cover this slope, the spurs of which are here called the Pocono Mountains. Large quantities of wood and timber are sent from this station. OAKLAND. Paradise, Monroe Co., Pa. 107 m./r. N. Y, Fr. Scranton, 40. A small station. A hotel is being built here. The village is a mile east, and contains a large tannery. Soon after leaving here the railway sweeps around to the south along the side ol the mountain, affording a fine view ou the left of the Blue Mountains, with the Water Gap in the distance, and the broad valley between. On the right, the view is shut in by the Pocono Mountains. PARADISE. Paradise, Monroe Co., Pa., no m./r. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 37, Is a small station where trains stop for water. Here are two or three dwellings of woodmen in the wilder- ness. We now pass on up the steep as- cent, and through the Pocono Tunnel, near the summit of Pocono Mountain. The view from this high elevation is magnificent, stretching over a vast wil- derness, 30 miles in extent. Toward the south, the Blue Ridge bounds the horizon for a long distance, presenting the appearance of an immense extend- ed embankment, in which the well-de- fined sides of the Delaware Water Gap distinctly appear. Nearer to us are seen a succession of smaller ridges of the same mountain system. Here we make another sweep around to the west, and arrive at POCONO FORK. Coolbaugh, Monroe Co., Pa. 13 3 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 34. So called from its being the diverg- ing place of two carriage-roads, the one leading north to Sterling, and the other north-west to Clifton. Here are a few dwellings in a lonely region. Pine, oak, ash, and cherry are thi principal kinds of timber that abound, many of the trees measuring 7 and 8 feet in diameter, and rising to the height of more than 100 feet. Hera- 34 lock of great size is also found in this vicinity. After passing this station we begin to cross small streams running toward the west, which are tributary to the Lehigh River. The course of the railroad changes to a little west of north. TOBYHANNA. Coolbaugh, Monroe Co., Pa., 120 7n. fr. N, Y. Fr. Scranton, 27, Is on the top of the mountain, a small village which h^s been built, up by the lumber business. On the right is a small lake, usually covered with logs, and on its west bank is a large steam saw-mill with immense piles of lumber, near the railroad. Coolbaugh has a church, a store, and thirty or forty dwellings. The soil here is bar- ren, and but little of it has been clear- ed. The grade now changes to a de- scending one, and we pass on through rugged forest scenery for many miles. GOULDSBOROUGH. Sterling, Wayne Co., Pa., 126 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 21, In the south-west corner of Wayne county, is in a lumber region, and has a steam saw-mill, a hotel, and a few dwellings. Large quantities of bark are sent from this station for tan- ning hides. The streams in this vicini- ty abound with trout. The village of Clifton is three or four miles west of this station. A few miles further on we enter the valley of Roaring Brook, and continue in it on a descending grade till we reach Scranton. It is very small when we first encounter it, but rapidly increases as we descend. MOSCOW. Madison, Luzerne Co., Pa. 134 m. fr. N.Y. Fr. Scrantoji, 13 Hotels — Moscow, and Delaware Lackawanna, and Western. A village of greater pretensions than any we have passed since leaving Stroudsburg. It has, however, grown up within nine years. It is engaged principally in the lumber -business. Here are two churches and several stores. Numbers of sportsmen visit this locality to enjoy the hunting and fishing. Large quantities of lumber are sent south from here. As we de- scend toward the Lackawanna we find the country more and more cleared up and settled, although the numerous stumps that dot the fields show that not many years ago this was a primeval forest. DUNNING. Madison, Luzerne Co., Pa. 137 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 10. Here is a very large tannery and a saw-mill, around which has grown up a small village. On the ftther side, or east of Roaring Brook, the Pennsyl- vania Coal Company's Railroad will be noticed, extending from the Susque- hanna River, near Pittston, to HaMey on the Delaware and Hudson Canal, forty-seven miles. This road was com- pleted in 1850, and consists of two tracks, diverging in some parts to a distance of two or three miles ; one, called the loaded track, being for the conveyance of cars loaded v/ith coal ; and the other, called the light track, for the return of the empty cars. The company owning this road mine, ship to market, and sell immense quantities of anthracite coal. The Hawley 35 Brunch of the Erie Railwaj', construct- ed in 1S62, extends from Hawley to Lackawaxen on the Eric Railway 22 miles, affording an outlet to the sea- board all the way by railroad, besides that of the Canal. The road has been provided with engines and cars suffi- cient to meet the requirements of a coal traffic which amounted, in i866, to about 700,000 tons. This was forward- ed over the Erie Railway to Newburg, Piermont, and Jersey City. GREENVILLE. Jefferson, Luzerne Cff., Pa. 1 39 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 8. A small way-station, with several saw-mills. Passing through a short tunnel, we now enter upon a rapidly descending grade, requiring no steam to propel the train, but rather an appli- cation of the brakes to moderate its speed. On the right we pass a large colliery, at what is called " The Notch," and on the opposite side an iron mine, having a branch track running to it, on the steep bank of a ravine, in which runs the Roaring Brook, and which, just before reaching Scranton, tumbles down a rocky precipice, forming a beautiful and romantic cascade. Soon Scranton, far beneath us in the valley of the Lackawanna River, comes in view with its iron furnaces and smok- ing chimneys, which we pass on ap- proaching the depot. The contrast now presented between the vast unin- habited region which we have traversed and this pleasant valley is very strik- ing. Here the traveler may well lin- ger and spend several days in visiting the immense iron works, coal mines, and various objects of interest that •bound in this locality. SCRANTON. Scranton, Luzerne Co., Pa. 147 miles from New- York. Hotel — IVyotnin^ House. The Lackawanna Valley owes its earliest explorations to the Moravians, who fled from Moravia, in Germany, t« escape persecution, and jpade the first settlement in Pennsylvania in 1740. That part of it upon which Scranton is located was first known as " Capouse Meadow," from the name of the chief of a tribe of the Delawares who dwelt upon these flats. It lies in the valley of the Lacka- wanna River, with the Moosic Moun- tains on the east, and the Lackawan- nock on the west, rising around it by gentle slopes at first, and by more steep and precipitous elevations in the further ascent Roaring Brook, or the Nayang River, rising among the moun- tains on the south-east, winds its way downward to this valley, and here unites with the Lackawanna. Upon the banks of this stream, Philip Ab- bott, in 1788, built the first grist-mill in the neighborhood, which supplied the demands of Luzerne and several adjacent counties. The earliest settlers in this valley were emigrants from Windham county, Connecticut. In 1798, Benjam'n and Ebenezer Slocum, brothers of little Prances, whose abduction from Wyo- ming when she was but five years of age is a matter of tradition, settled here, and bought 1700 acres of land, including the old grist-mill ; erected a saw-mill, a forge, and a distillery. This tract was long known as the Sloctun Farm. The preeminence of the Slocum Brothers here caused the name of" Slo- cum Hollow" to take the place of" Ca- pouse Meadow." In 1810, there were but three dwellings in the town, though a post-office had been established, the mail being brought on horseback over the mountains from Easton once a week. The city of Scranton owes its growth mainly to the efforts of the friends of the " Drinker Railroad" to get it con- structed. Williatn Henry, who was the first man that fully appreciated the importance of a speedy communication with market by railroad, in partnership with Edward Artnstrong, purchased here 800 acres of land. Soon after, Armstrong died, and in August, 1S40, George and Selden Scranto?i and San- ford Grant came here, and entered into partnership with Mr. Henry, pur- chasing the entire Slocum estate. In September, this company com- menced the erection of a blast furnace. The products of the furnace were sent to market by the Delaware and Hud- son Canal or by the North Branch and Tide- Water Canal, but in both cases had to be conveyed miles by wagon to reach these avenues of trans- portation. In 1844, the first rolling-mill was completed, and here, in 1845, the T rail for railroads was first made in the United States. Two years after this, the Erie Railroad Company contracted with the Scrantons for 1200 tons of iron rails, and thenceforward the dernands upon this new company constantly ia- creased. The honor of the inception of a rail- road from Great Bend to the Delaware Water Gap belongs to Colonel George W. Scranton. In 1853, the present line was adopted, and in 1856 the first lo- comotive rolled from Scranton to the Delaware River. Since then the growth of the place has been most rapid, and the larger part of tliis city has been built. A fine view of the city Is obtained from the high bluflf near the Baptist church in Hyde Park, where the charming and interesting panorama that is spread out before him will am- ply compensate the tourist for the trou- ble of the ascent. The huge, round, slate-roofed en- gine-house resembles somewhat the Roman Colosseum, while the immense furnaces and work-shops, the nume- rous fine private residences, elegant churches, and handsome stores make up a busy and brilliant foreground, which contrasts finely with the deep green of the surrounding forests, and the purple of the sharply defined mountain ranges which shut in this wonderfiil valley. Collieries may be seen in different directions on the sides of the valleys, with mountains of coal-dirt heaped up around them, and long trains of cars loaded with the "black diamonds" winding along the numerous railroads. Scranton was incorporated as a city in 1866, and includes within its limits the villages of Hyde Park and Provi- dence, comprising twelve wards in all. Its streets are wide and regularly laid out. It is lighted with gas and sup- plied vrith water, has four smelting furnaces, two rolling-mills, two ax and scythe manufactories, two stove foun- dries, three planing-mills, four banks, four flour-mills, three saw-mills, and six breweries and distilleries^ There are also twenty-four churches and four academies. A horse-railroad connects the centro of the city of Scranton with Provi- dence, its most northerly portion. la 37 Scranton is also the junction of the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad with the Lackawanna and Bloomsbiirg and the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company's Railroad, af- fording railway communications with all parts of the country. Iron Works. No one who visits Scranton should fail to visit the iron works here. They are immense in size, and capable of smelting 70,000 tons of metal annually. Their size may be inferred from that of the '' boshes,^^ which are fifteen, seventeen, eighteen, and even twenty feet in diameter and fifty feet high. Into these fiirnaces air is forced by double engines with connected lever- beams. Two of these are of eight hun- dred and two of twelve hundred horse- power. But one larger pair is to be found in the country. Steam cylinders of the first pair are fifty-four inches in diameter with ten feet stroke. The large fly-wheel which regulates the movements of this enor- mous apparatus weighs 40,000 pounds. The other pair of engines has a fly- wheel twenty-eight feet in diameter, weighing 75,000 pounds. Just above these furnaces are the puddling and rolling-mills. The ore, most of which is brought from Corn- wall, Pennsylvania, is first smelted and run into pig-iron, after which it is ready for " puddling." This process consists in heating the bars of pig-iron to a high degree, and then working the metal by a sort of kneading process with iron bars until it crumbles and dissolves, becoming a seetning melted mass. After contin- uing the heating and puddling for a while longer, it becomes less fluid and appears "sticky," when it is massed into balls weighing about a h. ndred pounds, which are then taken by boys and conveyed upon little wagons called " buggies," to the " crocodile," which, with its massive iron jaws constantly opening and closing, squeezes them into cylindrical shapes convenient for the rolling, which immediately follows. By this process, which consists in passing the masses of hot iron between a succession of rollers, they are con- verted into long, slender bars ; these are cut into pieces about three feet in length. These pieces are then placed in piles about eight inches square, vnth those bars which are made of the best iron upon the top, to make the top of the rail, and inferior iron in the centre. They are then placed in furnaces and subjected to an intense heat, until the separate bars forming a pile are all fused together, so that they can be handled as one mass. Each pile is then rolled between rollers of the re- quired form into a rail, which, being sawed off the proper length while still hot, straightened and notched for the spikes, is ready for use. These mills and furnaces consume a hundred thousand tons of coal an- nually, and employ about 1200 men. Their appearance by night, when each chimney is surmounted by a cro\\'n of flame, and the gleaming fires and lu- minous iron contrasting strongly with the surrounding darkness, reminds one of Vulcan's infernal realm and the my- thic forges over which he presided. The visitor, as he gazes on the mas- sive furnace stacks, pouring out day after day huge piles of crude or fin- ished iron, from the ponderous bar to the slender bolt, and sees the smooth yet resistless motion of one of the 38 largest stationary engifics on the Ame- rican continent, can not fail to be in- terested and gratified especially with the indications of skill, enterprise, and good management everywhere dis- played. The most important and interesting feature of Scranton is the fact that it lies in the centre of a great coal re- gion, from which will be drawn the source of motive-power not only for the works here, but for all parts of the country. Numerous collieries are al- ready opened throughout the regioa The traveler should not omit to visit some of the mines in the vicinity. The superintendents of these are generally intelligent and kind, and will use every endeavor to make a visit into the mines pleasant and free from danger or annoyance. A description of the different modes of mining the coal, which, though sim- ple, are very interesting, will be found in another part of this Guide. Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad. SCRANTON TO WILKESBARRE, i8 MILES. The railroad between these two points is owned in pait by the Union Coal Company, and in part by the N'an' ticoke Railroad Cotnpa7iy. The Lehigh Coal and Naviga- tion Company, who own the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, have, however, purchased nearly the entire stock of the latter company, and have obtained the exclusive right to run freight and passenger trains, and all coal trains running west over the former company's road, which ex- tends from a point on the Nanticoke Railroad about five miles east of Wilkesbarre, to connect with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad at Providence, six miles beyond Scranton. The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company have recent- ly completed their line from Wilkesbarre to Mauch Chunk, and have nearly completed its extension from Mauch Chunk to Easton, thus forming a continuous line from Scranton to Easton. The latter part of this line is to be laid with Bessemer steel rails. SCRANTON STATION. The new passenger station -of the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad is west of that of the Delaware, Lacka- the bank of the Lackawanna River, Leaving this station, we pass along the east bank of this stream, in full view of the Scranton iron works and the wanna, and Western RailroJid, and on ' city itself, rising along the slopes of the 40 valley. Near the river and railway we pass a number of coal-mines with their coal-breakers and immense piles of coal-dirt and slate. It is the coal that constitutes the chief wealth of this valley, the agricultural resources of it being only partially developed. On the left we pass the Wyoming and Lackawanna Coal Company's Mines ; and across the river, on the right, are seen the mines of the Delaware, Lack- awanna, and Western Railroad Com- pany, MINOOKA. Lackawanfta, Luzerne Co., Pa. 37K./r.ScrantoH. Fr. \Vilkesharre,\^. A small mining village in the vicini- ty of several collieries, containing a few stores and a hotel. SPRING BROOK. Piiisiou, Luzerne Co., Pa., ^m.fr.Scrant07i.. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 1 2, On Spring Brook, a small tributary of the Lackawanna, is a wild settlement of miners, some eight miles south-east of the station, beyond the mountains, which form the boundary of the coal basis. PITTSTON. Piitsioft, Liezerne Co., Pa., IQm./r.Scratiton. Fr. IVilkesharre,^, Is seen in the valley, on the right of the railroad, as we approach the sta- tion. It is a thriving town, situated just below where the Lackawanna River empties into the Susquehanna, and at the head of the Wyoming "Val- ley, in the vicinity of rich mines of coal, and owes Its rapid growth chiefly to the mining operations of the Penn- sylvania Coal Company. Here are extensive iron works, a national bank, several churches, and fine residences. The West Branch Canal passes through Pittston. On the west of the town rises the beautiful Lackawannock range of mountains. The Wyoming Valley, Which we have now entered, is replete with historic associations, carrying us back to the hardships of its early set- tlers, and the terrible and bloody struggle for American independence. It lies along the banks of the Susque- hanna, between two parallel ranges of mountains, extending fiom the north- east to the south-west, and rising on the east to the height of looo feet, and on the west, about 8oo feet. While within these ranges all the land is underlaid with a greater or less num- ber of veins of coal, outside of them none is found. The Wyoming valley is about 3 miles wide and 25 long, and abounds in romantic scenery and plea- sant drives. Like the Lackawanna, this valley was settled by emigrants from Connec- ticut, who were opposed in their pos- session of the soil by some of the Pennsylvania landholders, and this re- sulted in what was called the " Yankee and Pennamite war." What the Penn- sylvanians desired was to establish here a kind of feudal system, retaining the social and political power in the hands of a few. The "Yankees" could never submit to such principles, and hence the animosity between the two parties was exceedingly bitter, re- sulting in embarrassment, to the set- tlers, and in bloodshed. The war of the Revolution, how- ever, put an end to these animosities, when common liberties were at stake, and common dangers imperiled the 41 lives and interests of all. The British, in 1778, had determined to make use of the Indians in this contest ; and, at the solicitation of their agents, a body of Iroquois joined a band of tories un- der Colonel John Butler, and advanced toward Wyoming, easily capturing Fort Wintermoot, at the head of the valley, which contained a population of several thousand, but had contri- buted so largely to the patriot army that few able-bodied men were left for its defense. The account of the con- flict is as follows : As the ruthless in- vaders approached, the women and children flocked from the surrounding region to a fort near the present site of Wilkesbarre, called " Forty Fort," while 300 men, with a few boys, under Zebulon Butler, advanced to meet the enemy. The Americans fought bravely, and even gained ground, till one of the officers, wishing to take a more favor- able position in the rear, bade his men "fall back." The order was misun- derstood, and the unfortunate word " retreat" passed along the lines. Panic seized the soldiers, and a general flight ensued. Many were shot and toma- hawked as they ran, some threw them- selves into the river, a few escaped to the fort, where the helpless women were screaming with terror. That night the Indians held possession of the battle- field, and tortured their prisoners with all the cruelties that savage cunning could invent. Captain Bidlack was thrown alive on burning coals, and kept there with pitchforks till he ex- pired. Six prisoners were ranged near a atone on the river bank, and held by savages while Queen Esther, an old Seneca half-breed, walked round them in a circle, singing the death-song like an infuriated demon, striking them with her club and hatchet till every man was killed. This stone is a con- glomerate boulder, about a foot and a half high, and s pany. It is stated that one of these fur- naces has turned out 248 tons of iron in a week, a yield scarcely equaled in this or any other country. Its position is in the midst of a rich iron and lime- stone country, which, with its railroad and canal communications, are highly favorable to its future growth. The Catasauqua and Fogelsville Railroad, which was built to transport iron ore from the mines, here connects with the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Over 150,000 tons of ore are carried over this road annually. The bridge for this Railway, as well as common travel, crosses the river near the station. FTTRNACE, Alletitown, Lehigh Co., Pa., 93 m./r. N. Y. Fr Wilkesbarre, 83, One mile fi-om Allentown depot, in the northern part of the town, con- tains the Allentown Furnaces and Rolling-Mills, for the manufacture ot Railroad Iron. 54 ALLENTOWN Lehigh Co., Pa, 92 m.fr. N.Y. Fr. Harrisbnrg, 90. There are two stations for this city, one in its eastern part, near the Le- high River, and the other at the junc- tion of the Lehigh Valley and East Pennsylvania Railroads. The city is one of the handsomest in eastern Pennsylvania. Its name is derived from that of its original owner, James Allen, who laid it out in 1762. It is the capital of Lehigh county, and is situated at the junction of the Lehigh River and Jordan Creek, which runs through the northern part of the town. The eminence upon which it is b«ilt commands a fine pros- pect, and slopes gradually to the Le- high on the east, and the Jordan Creek on the north. The difficulty of obtain- ing water was, for a time, a hinderance to its growth ; but the town was at length supplied, in 1828, from Nor- man's Spring, about a mile distant. The streets are regularly laid out, and lighted with gas by the Allen Gas Company. Main street is the princi- pal thoroughfare. Public Buildings. The Court-House is a handsonie building of blue limestone, two stories in height, and surmounted by a cupola. Muhlenberg College is a newly orga- nized institution for boys, introducing a military system in their training. Both of these buildings stand upon Main street, and will attract the attention of visitors. Allentown has also a theological seminary, a number of fine churches, and several banks and newspaper of- fices. Manufactured . Of late years its industrial inteiesta have been largely developed, contri- buting much to its prosperity. Among its manufacturing establishments are the Allentown Iron Co.'s Furnace, which produces 20,000 tons of pig-iron per annum, for which the ore is mined in the vicinity, near the Lehigh Valley Railroad ; Roberts' Iro}i Furnace ; the Lehigh Valley Rolling-Mill, for the manufacture of railroad and bar iron, spikes, rivets, etc. ; the Allentown Rolling-Mill, making railroad iron ; Ho/>e Rolling-Mill, the Jordan Man' u/acturing Co.' s Rolling-Mill, besides other establishments for the manufac- ture of castings, machinery, gas and steam pipes, boilers, axles, carriages, pianos, files and fire-arms. Nearly all the iron ore used by these mills is ob- tained a short distance from the East- Pennsylvania Railroad, between Allen- town and Bower's Station. The Lehigh River, a tributary oi ihe Delaware, rises in Luzerne county, near Wilkesbarre, running to Alleij- town in a south-easterly or nearly southerly course. Here the Lehigh Hills bar its further progress toward the south, and compel it to take an easterly direction. This stream for- merly abounded with trout and shad, before dams were erected across it. The landscape is everywhere in this region picturesque and beautiful ; the adjacent country is fertile, and the farms well improved. Extensive beds of iron ore, limestone, and roofing slate are found in the vicinity. Here are mineral springs that are highly prized by those who have tried their efficacy. A visit to " Big Rock," 1000 feet in height, a short distance from the city, will amply repay the to urist. 55 BETHLEHEM. Lower Saticon, Northampton Co., Pa. 87 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Harrisburg, 95. Hotels — Sun, Eagle, Fetter's, and Pcjinsylva7iia House. BethleJi^ni is one of tlie oldest Mo- ravian settlements in this country. The Moravians came to the New World early in its history, both to avoid persecution and to attempt the conversion of the Indians to Christian- ity. They first settled in Georgia, but in 1738 their settlement was broken up, on account of a war then raging be- tween England and Spain, in which the Brethren were compelled to serve, and their attention was directed to Pennsyl- vania. The strict morality and even severity of their manner of life were far from a hinderance to them in their en- terprise. " They held all property in common ; the support of the aged and infirm was made a general concern ; and even the regulation of marriages was a matter in which the individuals directly concerned had less to do than any body else." The settlement at Bethlehem, made in 1741, was the earliest in Pennsyl- vania, and retained its original econo- my longer than any other. The oblo- quy and contempt which were bestowed upon them by their neighbors, the Ger- mans and Irish, only served to strength- en the bond of union among them. The separation of the sexes and com- munity of property existed as late as 1762. From that time their distinc- tive characteristics have more and more ceased to be noticeable. The old buildings, for the most part, still remain, and are objects of curious interest to the tourist. The principal ones stand in Church row, at the foot of Broad street, near the Sun Hotel. They are built of stone, and appear ca- pable of enduring for many years to come. Here the infirm and aged are still supported by the Brethren as ol old. The old grave-yard of the Moravi- ans is an interesting place to visit. It is in the centre of the town, and is fill- ed with graves of whites, Indians, and negroes, arranged with none of the fas- tidious discriminations of the present age. The Moravian church is a large stone edifice, 142 feet long, in the Goth- ic style. The borough has a pleasant and commanding situation on the north bank of the Lehigh River) is regularly laid out, its streets finely shaded with an abundance of trees, and is a favorite place of resort in summer. Some historic interest attaches to this place ft-om the fact that Washing- ton, in his retreat across the Delaware, was compelled to remove his hospital and supplies to Bethlehem. The Mo- ravians gave the use of their buildings to the government, which at one time were filled by a large body of British prisoners. Thus the town came to be honored by the presence of Washing- ton, Adams, Lafayette, Pulaski, Gates, Hancock, and Franklin. The " Sin- gle Sisters " gave Count Pulaski a ban- ner of crimson silk, embroidered, which is now in the Historical Society's rooms at Baltimore. Longfellow has made this incident the subject of a poem. Manufactures. The Bethlehem Iron Co.'s work* are the finest in this whole valley, which is so celebrated for its extensive iron manufactories. At their rolling- mill large quantities of railroad iron are manufactured. 56 The Lehigh Zlitc works are also lo- cated here, besides numerous other smaller establishments. The Lehigh University. Bethlehem is the site of the Lehigh University, which was formally opened on September ist, 1866. During the year 1865, the Hon. Asa Packer, of Mauch Chunk, announced, unsolicited, to the Bishop of the Diocese, his in- tention to appropriate the sum of $500,- 000 and an eligible spot in South-Beth- lehem, containing 56 acres, for the purpose of founding an educational in- stitution, which should bear the name of the Lehigh University. The pur- pose of the founder in making this mu- nificent endowment was to provide the means for imparting to young men of the State a complete professional edu- cation, which should fit them to take an active part in the practical duties of the time. The system adopted proposes to introduce those important branches " which have been heretofore more or less neglected in what purports to be a liberal education ; and especially those industrial pursuits which tend to deve- lop the resources of the country, such as Engineering, Chemistry, Metallur- gy, Architecture, and Construction." The institution is designed to be poly- technic in its character, so that the in- struction which it imparts \vill enable its graduates to play intelligent parts in exploring and developing the vast resources of the United States. Its site is peculiarly adapted for the purposes to which it has been devoted, upon a gentle declivity of the Lehigh Mountain range, in the midst of a park of forest-trees, 365 feet above tide 1 water, having an unobstructed viev* for twenty miles. Packer Hall, the principal universi- ty building, is a handsome edifice of stone, 213 feet long, standing 700 feet back of Packer avenue, the front lim- it of the grounds. Near it are erected houses for the President and pro- fessors. Toward the eastern extremity of the grounds stands Christtnas Hall, a com- modious brick edifice, containing a chapel, lecture-rooms, and students' dormitories. This College had at its opening 40 students, and will, without doubt, be- come one of the most important and prosperous educational institutions in the country. The Moravians have here a large female seminary, which has a high reputation throughout Pennsylvania. There are, in this borough, five hotels, four churches, and a newspaper office. The streets are lighted with gas, and the borough is supplied with water ft-om Manockisy Creek. The railroad station is not within the limits of the borough, which lies entire- ly north of the river. Quite a village has sprung up on the south side of the river, called Bethlehem South, in the township of Lower Saucon. Here is the junction of the North- Pennsylva- nia Railroad, leading to Philadelphia, and forming its most direct route to the Lehigh Valley. FEEEMANSBTTRG. Lower Saucon, NortJiampton Co., Pa, 84 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Harrisburg, 98. A pretty and thriving borough, ex- tending along the opposite or north side of the Lehigh River, in the town- ship of Bethlehem. Here are several 57 quite extensive canal-boat building es- tablishments. The borough contains some two hundred inhabitants, a church, and two hotels. A bridge con- nects it with the south side of the river. About two miles north, in Bethlehem township, is the small village of Butz- TOWN, and a little south of the station, in Lower Saucon, is Shimersville, another small village on Saucon Creek, containing a woolen factory, a saw-mill, a grist-mill, a store, and a hotel. Here a branch railroad extends across about a mile to the North-Pennsylvania Railroad. LIME RIDGE. Lower Saucon, Northantptott Co., Pa, 82 in.fr. N.Y. Fr.Harrhburg, 100. Here are a number of lime-kilns, the stone being supplied by tl>e quar- ries in the vicinity, and the railroad af- fording convenient facilities for obtain- ing coal and for forwarding lime. Much of the lime, however, is used by farmers in the region around for im- proving the land. The scenery along the Lehigh about here is very beauti- ful. Just below this station is Smith's Island, in the Lehigh River, covered with shade trees, and a favorite resort for picnics, etc. Methods of Mining Coal. There are three methods of mining coal, namely : First, by " Drifis,^^ when the coal is above " water level^'' that is, when it lies in upturned or sloping veins in a mountain or high hill. In this case, if the end of the seam of coal can be conveniently reached in some gap in the containing ridge, the drift or ''''gangway into the coal is cut at the lowest available point from which the water can be drained away without pumping. If no such opportunity is found, but the geological indications prove that the coal is attain- able in the hill or mountain, then a horizontal timnel through the rock, about at right angles to the direction of the seam, is cut at a convenient point. This tunnel extends through the rock measures which lie between the coal and the sur- face, and, when the coal is reached, horizontal gangways are turned in it to the right and left. All the coal lying above these gangways is then accessi- ble, and can be drawn out after being " mined,''^ (that is, separated from the seam by blasting,) without lifting or handling it, since it falls by its own weight into the mine wagons, which are drawn in and out along the gangways by mules. The gangways are provided for this purpose with iron railway tracks. This method of mining is by far the most economical, and, where the location of the seams will admit of it, can be carried on to great advantage in competition with the other methods. All the expensive machinery for pumping oiit the water and hoisting up the coal is thereby avoided. Much of the coal in the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions has been mined in that way, and a little in the Lackawanna ; 59 but in all the regions except the Mahanoy nearly all that lies above water level has been obtained, and the other two methods have to be resorted to to get the coal. The second method of mining is by ''''Slopes?'' The seams of coal in the Wyoming and Lackawanna region are somewhat in the form of an immense canoe, underlying the whole region, but coming up to the surface on the sides ot the encircling mountains at an angle more or less inclined to the horizon. At convenient points, where the seams '■'■crop ouf or come to the surface, incHned passages are cut in the coal itself called " Slopes^ These descend to a convenient dis- tance, and then gangways are turned to the right and left, tracks are laid in them, and the coal mined in the same manner as that above described ; suitable machinery being erected at the top of the stope for hoisting the mine wagons when filled up the inclined track of the slope, and for pumping out the water which accumulates in the mine. When all the coal above the gangway is worked out, " another lift is sunk," in the language of the miner ; that is, the slope is excavated down another convenient dis- tance, say fifty to one hundred yards, gangways are again turned, and the coal between the two gangways is then mined. When this is worked out, another lift is sunk, and so on until all the coal in the seam is obtained. Pillars are left between the chambers as before ; and, when all the cham- bers or breasts on the property are worked out, the pillars are then removed, or, in technical language, " the mine is robbed" of its supports, and usually the unsupported roof soon after falls in. By carelessness and mismanagement large quantities of coal are frequently shut in by these falls in such a way as to become irretrievably lost, the cost of again reopening being greater than the value of the coal. The third method of mining is by perpendicular " Shafts.^'' 6o These are made use of on tracts of coal land where the seams do not come to the surface at all, or rise above any part of it, as it sometimes does in the side of a mountain. A large part of the Lackawanna region is situated in this way. There are seams of coal which do not come to the surface at all, except on the two sides of the lower valley, where the upheaved mountains have lifted them up, and these re- gions form one broad '■^basin''^ of coal. The Schuylkill and Mahanoy regions are each divided into several long, narrow basins, some or all of the seams of which underlie each other, cropping out on the sides of each basin. Some of these basins are very deep, so that shafts through the solid rock would be very expensive. For this reason they are not usually so well adapted to mining in those regions as slopes, drifts, and tunnels. In the Lackawanna and Wyoming region the coal gene- rally lies almost level at a moderate distance below the surface, and, away from the mountain-sides, is commonly reached by shafts. These are sunk until the coal seam is reached, when gangways are run horizontally in the coal as before. The machinery for hoisting and pumping is at the top of the shaft. When the wagons on these gangways are filled with coal, they are drawn by mules to the foot of the shaft, and then hoisted by steam power to the surface or to the hopper of the breaker. The coal is now in large, irregular lumps, mixed with a considerable quantity of slate rock in large and small frag- ments, finely powdered coal, dirt, etc. Workmen stand ready with picks to break up any pieces too large to go into the breaker, and to throw out the large fragments of rock. The breaker consists of two large iron rollers with toothed surfaces, between which the coal passes and is crushed or cracked into fragments of various sizes. Aftef 6r passing between these rollers, it is emptied into large cylin- drical revolving screens made of iron wire or bars, woven together in such a way as to form meshes of different di- mensions. The screens are inclined somewhat from a horizontal position, so that the larger meshes are at the lower end. The fine dirt passes out first near the top, then the small sizes of coal known as pea coal, nut coal, etc., and so on up to the largest lump coal, which passes out at the lower end of the screen. Each size is dropped from the screen into a separate shute, along which sit small boys, who pick out the slate stone, which is always more or less mixed with the pure coaL The shutes are so inclined that the coal slides into bins over the railroad track, from which the coal is let into the cars, which are placed directly underneath for that pur- pose. It will be seen that by these arrangements the coal is not handled or lifted at all ; a very convenient arrange- ment, and one by which the price of coal is made very much lower than it would otherwise be. The miners are paid a stipulated sum per wagon-load drawn from the mine, and commonly earn from three to six dollars per day- It is seldom that accidents happen in the mines, and when they do it is usually owing to the carelessness of the miners themselves, who sometimes enter dangerous places without a properly protected light, and the Jire-damp, or ''*■ sulphtir^^'' as the miners ignorantly call it, takes fire, with a violent explosion. Insufficient pillars or props sometimes occasion a fall of the roof of a chamber or gangway ; but some premonition is usually given, so that escape is easily made before the wall breaks in. We can not fail to see a wise provision in the storing up within the earth these vast resources for man's present and future wants. Yet it is quite probable that, notwithstand- 62 ing the apparently inexhaustible amount of fuel contained in the anthracite coal measures of Eastern Pennsylvania^ one or two centuries may so diminish the available portions of them as to necessitate the transportation of the bitumi- nous coal of the West to the Eastern States, or its importa- tion from Nova Scotia or elsewhere. There is a great difference between the modes of mining anthracite and bituminous coals, owing to the geological positions of the different kinds of coal. The bituminous coal is spread over very large areas in several of the Western and Southern States, including Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, West-Virginia, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Alabama, Tennessee, etc. Also in Nova Scotia, New-Brunswick, and Newfoundland. It usually lies in flat, nearly horizontal seams, the origi- nally horizontal stratifications of the rocks having been but little disturbed. These seams occur, one above another, between layers of solid sandstone and slate rock, at distances from each other varying from a thin seam of slate up to several hun- dred feet of alternating slate and sandstone. The thick- ness of the coal seams varies from a few inches up to twenty feet, or even more in rare cases. The most available of these seams for working are ivhere streams of running water have in the long course of ages worn out valleys, like those of the Alleghany and Ohio Rivers and their tributaries. Here the coal is seen on the sides of the valleys in its original position between the rocks, and is worked in horizontal excavations, leaving pillars to support the walls of the various chambers and galleries. In other places, where deep river valleys do not afford such a convenient mode of access to the coal, per- pendicular shafts have to be sunk to the different seams. While the entire area of territory under which biturai- «3 nous coal is found in the United States is estimated al over one hundred and thirty thousand square miles, the anthracite only occupies a little over four hundred square miles. The anthracite coal of Pennsylvania lies wholly between the nearly parallel ridges of the great Appalachian system of mountains, a region which indicates great geological disturbance. Whether, at the time these remarkable ridges were uplifted, a great subterranean heat operated to drive out all the volatile matter associated with the coal, thus converting what was once bituminous into anthracite coal, at the same time that the strata containing it were up- heaved into the form of long, narrow, parallel basins as now found, is a matter for the geologist to determine. FLORE NCE SEWING-MAC HINES- FOSTER 6r RICHARDSON, tSocoessois to C. FATCH & CO. , ) Qeneral Agts. for ITe w Sngknd, ITe v York, & Hev Jene7, Office of the Nonotuck & Union Silk Companies, 505 Broadway, New YorL 141 Wasliington St., Boston. Florence Seizing - Macliine. All parties in want of a good Se wing-Machine for family use, or cloth work of any kind, will please examine the Flokence before purchasing elsewhere. We claim that the Florence is an improvement over all others. The stitch is more elastic, alike on both sides of the fabric, almost noiseless, simple in construc- tion, is not liable to get out of repair. Having a reversible feed, enabling the operator to stitch either to the left or right at pleasure, making four different stitches — lock, knot, double-lock, and double-knot. Kasy to operate, ftnd will do a larger range of work than can be done by any other sewing-machine. The Florencb Machine is licensed, and parties purchasing of us or our agents need not have any doubts in regard to using them. All machines sold are warranted in every parti- cular, and kept in repair one year free of charge; and any one purchasing of ns, and not satisfied, can return them by allowing five dollars per month for the use of them. Machine-Needles of all kinds, Shuttles, Bobbins, Oil, Silk, Cotton and Machine Trimmings, etc., constantly on hand. Agents for the sale of the Bickford Famili/ Knitting -Machine, su improvement over all others. Price, $30. Liberal discount to the Trade. ^OSTEE & RICHARDSON, General Agents, COS JBroadteay, New Torh, 141 Washington St^ Bottcn, Tlie Celebrated Imitation Gold $15 Hunting Watches. $20 THE COLLINS OROIDE WATCH FACTOEY. CASES OP THE ^COLLINS METAL (Improved Oroide.) SPECIAL NOTICE.— Onr anterior Oroide Watches having recently been Imitated, and worthiem Watches sold in New York, Boston, Chicago, and other cities, represented as our Watches, we hereby caution the public against them, ilfd give notice that we are in no way responsible for these bogna rnncerns, and only those purchasing directly from us can secure a genuine Watch of our manufacture. We have recently greatly improved our Oroide In appearance and durability, and to protect th* public from imposition hereafter, have named it the "COLLINS METAL," and wc give notice that any one making use of this name will be prosecuted to the extent of the law. This metal has all the brilliancy and durability of Gold ; can not be distlngtiished from It by th* best judges ; retains its color till worn out, and is equal to OoM excepting in intrinsic value. All car Gentlemen's Watches are FuU-Jevfled Pattnt Levers; those for Ladies an improved Escapementi better than a Lever for a small Watch; all in Hunting-Cases, and fully guaranteed by specml certLfl- rate. The Sil5 Watches are ee sent with the order, as bills can be paid when goods are taken from the exprsss office. Customcn rannt pay nil express charges. We employ no Agents; orders must therefore be sent directly to us. Customers in the city will remember that our onlf Office is Nos. 37 & 39 Nassau St, New York, 0pp. the Post-Office (XTpstairs;. C. E. COLLINS & CO. ]Vo. 13 Laisrlit S?it., ISgw Tfork. Opposite 395 Canal Street. Reopened, Kenovated, Improved ! ! This Celebrated Bath, so Ion? and favorably known throughout the country after a thorough renovation and various improvements, is again open to the publia IF YOU WISH TO ENJOY A EAEE LUXITEY; Tf you wish to be cleaner than you ever was before ; if you wish to have a healthy, active, beautiful skin ; if you >vlsh to purify your blood ; if you wish to rid yourself of Colds, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, etc.; if you wish to preserve your health ; if you wish to gratify your curiosity ; TK,^?^ A. TTJRItlSH BATH! You will be sure to like it and to come again. BATHING HOWJRSf Gentlemen 6 to 8 a.m., 1 to 9 p. m. | Ladies Sundays— Gents 6 to 12 a. if. .10 to 12 A. X Parties can be accommodated with Qood Hygienic Board and Hooiu at the TurUsh Bath Institute. Also with ELECTBIC BATHS, SWEDISH 1I07EMEI7T CUBE, &C Traders' Express Company. ^ GENERAL OFFICE : 8 Park Place, New York. DRAFTS AND BILLS COLLECTED, JUOJTEJr^ P^CMnlGES, and FUEIGHT Forwarded to all the principal Stations on the line of the MOKRIS AND ESSEX RAIL^VAY And connecting with aU the responsible Express Companies in New York to aU parts of the Country. Branch Offices in Neiv York: 114 READE STREET, 88 FRANKLIN STREET, 66 CORTLANDT STREET, and 117 JOHN STREET. Offices in Newark, K, J,: MORRIS AND ESSEX DEPOT, and 134 MARKET STREET. Freight taken to the following Stations, via. MORRIS & ESSEX & SUSSEX RAILROADS. AndoveVf Drahesville, Ifewton, Stanhope, JSroadway, EASTON,Fa. NEWARK, Stanley, \ JSoonton, Sachettstotvn, Orange, Stewartsville, Sloomfield, Mon'istown, Fhilipgburgh, Summit, Chatham, Madison, Sockaway, Waterloo, Danville, MONT CZAIB, South Orange, Washington. Dover, Millburn, And to ALL STATIONS and VILLAGES on or near the line of the above-named Stiiltcays. IRA BUDD, SAMUEL L. BUCK, President. Secretary and Treasurer. C. W. POMEROY, A. G. DICKINSON, Gen'l Superintendent. Gen'l Manager. W. A. WILLARD Sc CO. MANUFACTURERS OP Looking-Grlasses 4-=» CO ^" fi^ ai c3 o J=l >^ c5 ^ w t^ ^ t^ s pa O P9 J^ OQ 2d BLOCK ^WEST OF BO^WERY. Having largely increased our facilities for manufacturing LOOKING- GLASSES, &c., we are prepared to offer to the public goods in our line of s«perior quality, at the LOWEST PRICES, Both to the Wholesale and Ketail Trade. "We have on hand at all times a very large stock of FUSR AZVD MAIXTTZSK MIRRORS, BASE AND TRIPOD TABLES, Marble Slabs, and Brackets, &c. Hotels and Private Houses Fitted at short notice. Please give ns a call, and examine Goods. "W. A. WILLARD & CO., 177 Canal Street, New York. DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN R.R.— MORRIS & ESSEX RAILROAD. Depots in New York, foot of Barclay street and foot of Christopher street Time Table. May loth, 1869. FROM NEW YORK. c/^y P.M. P.M 4 00 3 30 4 15J3 45 4 40 4 10 5 23 4 39 448 4 56 5 02 5 33 5 13 5 20 5 30 6 00 5 35 6 oo;s 45 6 50 6 50 7 15 7 IS 6 31 5 59 6 09 6 17 6 50 6 5c 7 00 7 00 6 42 6 30 6 54 8 13 8 25 10 35 7 13 ..•• 7 231 7 32!.... 7 35|.... P.M. I P.M. > 5. A.M. II 30 11 45 12 10 fcJO_: A.M. 8 00 8 15 8 40 8 52 8 58 9 o& 9 16 9 24 9 110 30 1 10 05 I 40 10 15 10 55 11 1% 10 27 10 38 10 45 2 25 10 58 , ... .11 12 2 46 II 20 12 45 I 00 3 45 STATIONS. .LEAVE ARRIVE . N. York, fl. Barclay st. . . Hoboken Newark Roseville East Orange — Orange Junction Brick Church Orange Orange Valley Montrose South Orange Maplewood. Millburn Summit . . New Providence Chatham Madison Convent Monistown Morris Plains 9 45 9 51 10 00 Denville. .Boonton. . Rockaway. .. .Dover.. . Snccasunna . ..Chester.. . .Drakesville . . Stanhope. ...Waterloo.. Andover .Newton. . Hackettstown. .Port Murray. . . .Washington.. . Water Gap . .Stroudsburg, . . Scranton . . Ill 31 Broadway.. 1 1 1 40 Stewartsvilie. 17 II 50 Phillipsburg. 3 20: 1 1 521 Easton... A.M I A.M. IaRRIVE TO NEW YORK. X — U3 > £. O X A.M. A.M. 9 35 10 30 9 25 lo 20 9 00 9 55 8 17 8 xo 8 00 7 52 7 40 7 15 7 35 7 27 6 40 6 30 6 45 LEAVE I A. 1! 9 13 9 05 P.M 4 55 4 45 4 20 4 oS 4 02 3 54 3 45 3 36 3 30 3 20 3 13 3 01 835 - en ^ to P.M. 9 40 9 =5 9 00 8 50 8 36 8 27 8 00 40 46 1 7 56 7 30 7 53 7 41 7 33 7 16 7 05 6 57 45 301 S8 40 30 5 45 5 30 6 45 6 26 6 15 I2 00 5 16 12 46 5 06 9 15! 2 55 7 23 1 17 7 14! I 05 7 05' 12 53 7.00I12 50I A.M. I P.M. I 5 59 5 47 5 35 5 30 P.M. FmORRIS & ESSEX.! Morris & Essex R. R. Time Table — Continued. MORRIS & ESSEX RAILROAD LOCAL TRAINS. MORRISTOWN Trains. Summit Trains. South Orange Traiiis. Newark Trains. MONTCLATR. New'k&Bl'mrdR.R Start from New York. Start for New York. 8.CXD, 11.30,11.40A.M.; 3.00,6.30, 7.05, 8.00, 9.05 A.M.. 3.30, 4.00, 5.10, 6.30 P.M. 12.45, 3-20, 4.30, 8.00 P.M. 6.30, 8.00, 11.40 A.M. ; 3.00, 3.30, 4.30, 5.10, 6.30 P.M. 6-30. 7-30> 9-30. 11.40 A.M. ; 1.00, 3.00, 3.40, 4.30, 5.10, 5.30, 6.30, 8.4s, 11.45 P.M. 6.30. 7-30. 8.30, 9.30, 10.20, 11.00, 11.30, 11.40 A.M.; 1. 00, 2.00, 3.00, 3.30, 3.40, 3.50, 4.00, 4.30, 5.00, 5.10, 5.30, 6.10, 6.30, 7.45, 8.45, H.45 P.M. 6.15,6.55,7.26,8.27,8.40 A.M.; i-i5> 3-45. S-oo, 8.27 P.M. 6.36, 7.10, 7.44, 8.00, 9.00, 10.05 A.M. ; 12.05, 1-37. 3.05, 4.02, 4.15, S.21, 6.35, 7.00, 10.35 ''-M. 6.00, 7.00, 7.35, 7.50, 8.00, 8.30, 8.45, 9.00, 9.25, 9.55, 10.30, 11.00, 11.30 A.M. ; 12.30, 1.30, 2.00, 3.30, 4.'x>, 4.20, 4.40, 5.30, 5.45, 7.00, 9.00, 11. 00 P.M. 8.30, 11.00 A.M. ; 2.00, 350, 16.30, 7.30, 8.25, 10.35 A.M. 5.00, 6.10 P.M. I 1.05, 3.35, 5.10, 6.30 P.M. CONNECTIONS. At Newark with Newark & Bloomfield Railroad for Bloomfield, Montclair, etc At Denville with Boonton Branch for Boonton. At Dover with Chester R. R. for Succasunna and Chester. At Waterloo with Susse.x Railroad for Andover and Newton. At Washington with Del., Lack. & W. R. R. for Water Gap, Stroudsburg, Scrauton, and Great Bend. At PJiilUpsburg with Belvidere Delaware Railroad for Belvidere, etc. At Easton with Lehigh Valley Railroad for Bethlehem, Allentown, Mauch Chunk, and also with Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad for Mauch Chunk, Wilkesbarre and Scranton, and all points in the Pennsylvania coal regions. The train leaving New York at 8.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. connects at Washington with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad for Water Gap, Stroudsburg, Scranton, and points on the Lackawanna and Bloorasburg Railroad. The train leaving New York at 11.30 a.m. connects at Easton with Lehigh Valley Railroad for Bethlehem, Allentown, and Mauch Chunk; also at Wash- ington with Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad for Water Gap, Stroudsburg, and Scranton. The Through Mail leaving New York at 8.00 a.m. connects with Le- high and S. R.R. for all stations on that road. THE STEAM FiRE-PROOF SAFE. SANBORN'S PATENT. THE BEST SAFE IN THE WORLD Pekfectly Dry in Use— ACTUALLY FIRE-PEOOF. It has been more severely tr'ed than any other,. and never failed. The special excel- lence of this Safe con- bisis in a lining of cop- per vessels conuiin- tng water briween the bookcase and the walls, whereby, in ca.^c of fire, steam is general I'dfwhieh car- ries out the heat as it conies in ; and thus protects the conti'uts through the longest and severest firo.s il^at ever occur. It is thor- oughly made, and furnished with ihe best burglar-p roof lock. The vessels are sealed, so that the wa^er cannot evapo- rate to dampen the Safe. The solder that closes the opening melts below boiling heat, to let ofl' the steam. " Return Pipes " prevent the water from escaping, in case the Safe over turns when burning. It is entirely dry ir use ; never needs p new supply of water is very strong, and will resist several times as much fire a* ordinary Safes. All persons need ing Fire-proof Safes should send for 8 pamphlet, and li^arn ill about the STK.VM -SaFK, before pur- chasing. Perfectly satisfac- tory information fur- nished to all inquirers. OVER EIGHTY SAFES FAILED IN ONE FIRE IN PORTLAND. AfOBE OR LESS OF THE ORDINAEY SATES FAIL IN XEAELY EVERY SEVERE FIRE. THE STEAM SAFE NEVER FAILED. No Valuables Entrusted to it were ever Lost. WHAT IS SAID OF IT. "The fire-proof quality of the Steam Improvement is established beyond ques- tion ; and since so many safes, in recent great fires, have failed to preserve their contents, an improvement like this must be welcomed with great satisfaction."— Bovtoti Daily Advertiser. " An absolutely FiRE-PROor Safe is at last before the public." — Philadelphia Press, Sept. 21, 1867. "The trial of Steam Fire-Proof Safes, at the Inter-State Fair, gave the greatest possible satisfaction, and further demonstrated their siiperiority over all others. They are being fully appreciated now by our mercantiTe comm-anity, and we take great pleasure in ca'lling attention to them." — Philadelphia Inquirer, Sept. 20, 1867. "Sanborn's invention has been proved by the moat satisfactory tests to be Bxactly what its manufacturers represent." — Portland Daily Press, March 3, 1863. " These safes are rapidly superseding every other kind, and In their improved form are superior to every other." — Boston Daily Evening TraveUtr. Manufactured and Sold by • AMEBICAN STEAM FIRE-PROOP SAFE COMPANY. NEW TOBK, 300 Broaduay. BOSTON, 60 Sudbury Street. BALTIMOBE, 28 South Street, Hearth and Home, An Illustrated "Weekly op Sixteen Handsome Folio Pages, FOR TJIE FARM, aARDEN, and ."FIRE SIDE. edited bt DONALD G. MITCHELL and HAERIET BEECHER STOWE, assisted by a corps of able editors and contributors in all departments. It contains eveiy week original articles by the best American Writers, each h. his owTi department, on FAMMING, JtVRAIj ABCHITJECTURE, GARDENING, FRUIT GROWING, FjLOWJER CVITURE, etc. It also contains Adventures by Sea and Land, Pure and Elevating Stories, Sketches, Biographies, Poems, etc. Mrs. STOWE, GRACE GREENWOOD, Mrs. MARY E. DODGE, contribute regularly, and the btst -vrriters in the country will constantly enrich its pages. Terms for 1869. single Copies $4, invariably in advance; 3 Copies $10; 5 Copies $15. Any one sending us $24 for a club of 8 Copies (all at one time), wiU receive a copy free. PETTENGILL, BATES & CO., 37 rarJe Row, Nsw Torh, ON THK CORNER OF Beekman and Nassau Sts., (Near City Hall Park,) NE-W YORK. GEORGE "WIGHT, Proprietor. N. B. — Located m the very heart of the Wholesale Easiness, this is one of the most conveniently located Hotels for Mer- chants, Business Men and others, visiting this City. New York to Montreal and the White Mountains. TO MONTREAL, VIA NEW LONDON, BRATTLEBORO', BELLOWS FALLS, RUTLAND, BURLINGTON, AND PLATTSBURG. TO WHITE MOUNTAINS, VIA NEW LONDON, BRATTLEBORO', BELLOWS FALLS, WHITS RIVER JUNCTION, WELLS RIVER, AND LITTLETON. STATIONS. New York . . . Leave. New London Norwich Palmer }f^; Amherst Grout's Corner, j- "" South Vernon Brattloboro'... j- J^; Bellows Falls. ^ Yv. Rutland [ "; Burlington Plattsburg Mooers Junction. ■■ Montreal Bellows Falls White R'rJu'n[j;; Wells River Littleton Profile House » Wh CrawfrdH'se fMts Mis. 126 139 192 212 227 238 248 272 324 392 416 436 479 372 3" 347 367 379 3^9 00 P.M. 00 A.M. 35 " 45 " cx) •• 35 " 40 " 10 " 35 " 40 " 35 " 40 " 00 P.M. OS " 35 " 00 " 53 " 30 " II 45 A.M. IS P.M. 25 " 33 " 40 " 6 30 9 3« STATIONS. Montreal Leave. Mooers Junction... Plattsburg Burlington Rutland }■ "; Bellows Falls. [ Yv. Brattleboro'. • • j- J^; South Vernon Grout's Corner... Iv, Amherst Palmer \ Y' Norwich New London New York Crawford House — Profile House Littleton Wells River White River ) ar. Junction.. .. f Iv, Bellows Falls. [ fj; New York Mis. 43 63 87 155 207 231 241 252 267 287 340 353 479 5 00 A.VL 6 57 7 50 9 30 12 IS 12 20 2 30 2 35 3 20 3 25 3 SO 4 20 4 58 5 SO 6 IS 8 47 9 23 S 00 A.M. 42 77 117 389 4 30 A.M. 7 00 " 9 00 " 10 13 " 12 00 M. 12 23 P.M. 2 25 5 00 A.n. No. 5 NORTH WILLIAM STREET, near Frankfort St., N. Y. MANCFACTUREli Of ALL KINDS Or SHO^ W^ OA SES. Silver Plated, White Metal & Brass Sash Bars For SHOW WINDOWS made to order at the shortest noiice. BEINLEY & STEEL'S Hotel and Dinim Saloons, (On the Enropean Plan,) Nos. 312, 314 & 316 GEEENWICH ST. And 166 B£AD£ STEEET. 120 Large and Airy Booms, BY THE DAY OB WEEK. Meals as per Bill of Fare. »A3. STEEL. W. M. BRINLET. Francis & Loutrel, STATIONEKS AMD PRINTERS, i5 Maiden I,ane, New Torh, We supply everything in our line ' lowest nrirc Orrlers <;o!!r;tpd. BENNKTT, JOHNSON & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Cole Fluting Machines, and Carriage Hardware, 470 Broadwai/, Neiv York. A. A. GONSTANTINE'S PERSIAN HEAL ING, OR P INE TAR SOAP. For the Toilet this Soap has no equal. It pn^serves the complexion fair, the skin soft, tlexible, and healthy. It removes all DandrufT, preserves the hair soft and silky, and prevents it from falling ofi'. It cures Pimples on the Face, Cracked or Chapped Hands, Salt Rheum, Frosted Feet, Burns, Fresh Cuts or Wounds of all kinds, all Diseases of the Scalp and Skin, and is a GOOD SHAVING SOAP. WSAT THOSE SAY WHO USE IT: "I haTe used yonr Soap for Diseases of the Bktn, and Catarrh, and hare fonnd it superior to any remedial agent I have ever used." C. S. GOODRICH, M.D., 34 Leroy St., N. Y. "1 can recommend your Persian Healing Soap fcr BALDNESS : it is bringing my hair in beau- tifully. ' I consider it the best Hair Renovator in jue." M. H. COMBS, i218 Atlantic St., Brooklyn, N.Y. "I have nsed it for Catarrh in the head, making K suds and snuffing it through the nose, and it has cured me. I use it constatitlv for the TOILET, end consider it the BESl SOAP FOR THAT PURPOSE." G. R. BENSON, Office of the U. S. Life Ins. Co., 40 WaU St., N.Y. "I hsve used your Persian Healing Soap in my practice extensively, and it has proved the beet Lraling soap I ever used. It has no equal as a Ooap for w»p>>'ng the heads and skin of children." i. I. ALDRICH.M.D., 19 Harrison St.,J«.Y. Rev. J.jR. ADAMS, Pastorof the M.E. Chnrch- Bloomfield, N. J., writes: "Of your Persifm Healing Soap I can speak with confidence, and io high eulogy. * It is a charm.* It heals with ua usual rapidity. I don't want to be without il^*' &.C. J. H. T. KING, Member of the Royal CoU«y ol Surgeons, England, writes : "It gives me ple»- sure to certify to the good qualities of your Soa;k I use it for the Toilet and Bathing, and prefer 11 to any other." The wife of Rev. Dr. KING, Missionary nl Athens, Greece, writes : " I have used yonr Soap for Rheumatism, and find it exceedingly goodt and recommend it to afl." "YOUR PERSIAN HEALIKG SOAP WIH CURE SALT RHEUM. I had it very badly flf- teen years, and your Soap has made a complet* cure." G. M. PRALL, 119 W««t 8« , N.'K. "It accomplishes all it claims." R. HAMILTON, M.D., Saratoga, IT, Y. A. A. CONSTANTINE & CO., 43 Ann St., N Y. 13 6 9. Albany and New York DAY LINE, ON THE HUDSON RIVER. SUMMER AEKANGEMENT TOE PLEASURE TRAVEL. THE STEAMBOATS C. VIBBARD AND DANIEL DREW, Will, on and after May 31st, LEAVE NEW YORK DAILY, From Desbrosses Street at 7, and 34th Street at 7.15 A.M., landing at WEST POINT, NEWBUBGH, POVOH- KEEPSIE, nniNEBECK, CATSKILI, and HUDSOX, Connecting at Albany with 4.30 train on the Rensselaer and Saratoga RaUroad; the 5 and 11 P. M. trains on the New York Central; and the evening trains on the Susquehanna, to MONTREAL, SARATOGA, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Sharon Springs, AND ALL POINTS NOMTU AND WEST. Leave Albany at 9 A. M., connecting with Chicago Express on the New York Central to January 1st. On and after January 1st will leave at 10 A. M., or on arrival of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroads. New Yobk, May 20, 1869. GREAT IMPROVEMENT AND REVOLUTION IN KEROSENE LIGHTS. New Houses furnished Complete, and Old-fasliioned Lamps improved or superseded by %o^- PATENT '''"^^s ^"^ LAMP The safest and most convenient Lamp ever used. CHANDELIERS, BRACKETS, Hanging and Table Lamps, of all kinds, can be lighted as quickly as Gas, filled and* trimmed safely and neatly, all without removing the Shade, Globe or Chimney, or unscrewing the Burner. We have in Stock a complete assortment of Foreign and Domestic KEROSENE LAMPS & FIXTURES. Also, a choice selection of first-class GrAS Chandeliers, Fitted with our improvements for oil, and specially adapted for suburban residences which have been or are to be piped for gas, but to which the mains have not yet reached, and oil is to be used temporarily ; or they can be used elsewhere as weU. ISrO OKTE ISTEEID BE IIST THE IDys.I?,Ii i All Travellers should use the Vehy Light, Stroxg, and DltiABLE. Can be folded and cairied in the pocket or travelling bag with safety and convenience, occupying the space of a cigar case, and are opened and closed as readily. They contain, whether open or closed, matches and extra candles, and, being always ready for use, ARE MOST APPRECIATED IN THE GREATEST EMERGEXCIES. JULIUS IVES & CO., 37 Barclay St., and 42 l*arh Place, Eemoved from 49 Maiden Lane. I^EW YORK. "SHORE LINE" EXPRESS ROUTE. NEW YORK AND BOSTON. May lo, 1S69. Through Trains. Trabts Leave. New York, 27th st Stamford Norwalk Bridgeport New Haven Connecticut River Lyme. New London Stonington Westerly Kingston Gree-jwicfli Providence Mansfield Boston A.M. ! P.M. P.M. 8 00 12 15 8 00 9 26 I 41 9 30 9 44 10 15 10 55 P.M. ; 12 30 12 35 1 59 9 49 2 32 10 33 3 15 " 15 A.M. ; 4 20 12 30 4 30 12 35 1 is' s is 1 IS 2 05 6 04 I S3 2 16 6 15 2 07 3 00 3 29 4 IS 5 05 6 10 6 50 7 ID 7 35 8 17 9 05 2 49' 3 20 4 00 4 37 5 40 Trains Lea7>e. a.m. Boston II 10 Mansfield 11 58 Providence 12 40 Greenwich i 00 Kingston i 24 Westerly. . , Stonington New London Lyme Connecticiif R iver . I New Haven I Bridgeport ! Norwalk Stamford New York, 27th st. I 55 2 45 15 30' 9 00 9 48 7 2C|lO 30 7 52 10 58 8 26 II 24 9 12 9 27 II 05 11 48 12 03 P.M. 2 05 2 40 3 12 3 32 4 55 11 S8 12 09 A.M. 12 40 I 14 1 20 2 40 3 16 3 47 4 oS 5 30 NEW YORK AND BOSTON EXPRESS LINE— Springfield Route. Mis. 36 44 5S 76 94 101 112 138 153 167 192 215 236 A.M. P.M. S 001 8 08; 9 26; 9 44| 10 151 10 50 10 55 II 37 II 57i 12 23 I ID I 45 2 14 2 43 3 35; 3 40 4 2l| 5 05 P.M. 8 05 8 30 8 59! 9 28| 10 20' 10 25 11 o6i 11 5°! P.M. *p.M. I May 10, 1869. New Yorkp7t|ist.. I 42d St. . . Stamford. Norwalk Bridgeport • -(N.Havenji;- Meriden Berlin... Hartford arr. I I've (■ Paimer West Brookfield -i Worcester. ]i;- South Framingham.. . Boston 8 00 5 00 8 oS 5 07 9 30 6 24 9 49 10 33 II 10 II 15 7 50 II 57 8 30 8 48 12 40 9 12 I 40 3 o 4 I 4 2 5 o 5 5 A.M 10 ID 10 3<) 11 08 11 55 12 00 12 48 I 35 A.M. ( e • _c ij i I've fSpringfie.d-i^^^ 3 10 3 02 12 28 12 28 II 54 II 37 II 19 10 25 9 50 9 22 8 57 8 00 8 00 7 15 *6 30 P.M. P.M. 4 55 4 48 3 32 3 12 2 40 2 05 2 CO I 30 I 12 12 50 12 oo| II 551 II 30 II 05 10 OS 10 00 9 15: 8 30 A.M. I P.M. II 20 II 12 9 56 9 37 9 05 8 30 8 30 7 59 7 41 7 20 6 .30 6 15 5 4S 5 23 4 30 4 25 3 41. 3 00 P.M. 30 24 08 47 16 40 40 03 26 12 30 12 30 12 05 II 37 10 35 10 30 9 43 9 00 P.M. * Sunday mail. Through fare, six dollars. ARCHER & PANCOAST MANUFACTURING COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF GAS FIXTURES, COAL OIL LAMPS, CHANDELIERS, &c. OF EVEKY DESCRIPTION. ■vw MANUFACTORY AND WAREROOMS, 9, 11, 13 MERCER ST., NEW YORK. N. B. —Designs for special purposes, such as Public Halls, Medm:- VAL, and Aechitecttjiial Church Fixtures, Ecclesiastical Emblems, Masonic Lodges, &c., submitted on short notice. I TO BOSTON. VIA NEW LONDON, NORWICH, AND WORCESTER, AND TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS, * VIA NEW LONDON, NORWICH, WORCESTER, NASHUA, CONCORD, PLYMOUTH, WELLS RIVER, LITTLETON, OR LAKE WINNIPISEOGEE. Steamer City of Boston, Capt. Williams, " City of New York, ... " Jewetf, " City of Lawrence, ... " Lampheare, " City of New London, . • . " Ladd, " City of Norwich, .... " Brown, two of which leave Pier 40, North River, alternately, at 5 P.M. in the summer, and 4 P.M. in the wniter, connecting at New London with Express trains for all the above points. Express passenger train leaves Boston & Albany Railroad sta- tion, corner Beach and Lincoln streets, at 5.30 P.M., connecting with Express train at Worcester from the White Mountains, reaching steamboat about 10 p.m., where passengers will find the comforts of a llrst-cla&s hotel. P. S. M. Andrews, Superintendent, Norwich. A. Firth, Assistant-Superintendent, Bostbn. C. S. Turner, Sicperintendent, Worcester. J. R. Kendrick, Superintendent, Concord. J. A. Dodge, Superintendent, Plymouth. Julius Webb, GeneralManager^ Norwich, and N. Y. Transpt Co., Norwich. E. S. MARTIN, Agent, Pier 40, North River, N. Y. TXaZE ^^.i^TEZSTT Abion Piano-Forte GQYELL & CO., 554 BROADWAY, N. Y. Trade Mark — Copyrighted. A complete assortment of these Celebrated Instruments, patented by Mr. GEORGE C. MANNER, always on hand. THE FAIR OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, Held in New York in 1867, when all the first-class Pianos were on exhibitiojn, and after a severe test trial, declared the " AllION " to be the best. It supersedes all others on account of its g7'eat strength, evenness of action, purity of vibration, and elegance of finish ; and not least of all, WILJO STAND IN TUNE LONGER THAN ANT OTHEB. "We invite all lovers of the finest of parlor instruments call and examine for themselves. COVELL & CO., 544 Broadwa: N. B. — Agents Wanted. $12. $15. • $20. THE CELEBRATED &ENUINE "OROIDE WATCHES" resemble Gold, wear like Gold, and are AS GOOD AS Gold in all respects, except intrinsic value — COSTING ONTiY ONE-SIXTH AS MUCH. Every Watch Guaranteed BY SPECIAL CERTIFICATE. CHAINS AND J JEWELRY IN ALL VARIETIES. Call and. Examine for Youi'selves. ■ Bememher, the only Genuine Oroide Watches can he got of JAMES GERARD & CO., Sole Agents for the United States, 85 Nassau Street (Up Stairs), New York. DEPO T OF G ^AMES. FREE Derections foF Plajing the Games of Euchbe, Whist, Bezique, Seven-Up, Cbibbage, Boston, Pokkb, Chess, Checkers, Backgammon, and all other games. Either of the above and our Mammoth Catalogue of Games sent to any address free upon receipt of postat,'e (4 cents). Address, CRAWFORD & DAVIDSON, JVo. 38 JOHN ST., N. Y. City. The Automatic Clothes- Washer & Eoilee. John Reist, Pat. Nov. 29, 1864. Dispenses with labor, wi-ar, aiiii tear, necided by ihfc! Patent OfDce to be '-he only original and first Self-Acting Portable Wa*h-Iioiler ever made. [See Decision of the United •tatea Patent Office, Nov. 3, lb68.] I LiUrttl termt offered to Deal- «r< mnd reliable Agent: ■end Stamp foii Cikcular. J From Journal Neu York Stall Fair, 1668. "The operatinu of thin m.i- chine was fi^ly satisfactory, and the Comniittee aurarJ it ;n« Firtt Premium, for the reu.-ion thai it dill its work clfii lually without nihbing the clotht!!." Sample Boiler, No. 8, medium size, SIO; or parts for the im- provement, which can be mad« to ftt any Boiler, with Roy.lty stamp, -1. Sii.t <:. O. D. AUTOMATIC CLOTHES-WASHER & BOILER CO. Depot, 19 Cotirtlandt St., y«tv York. larEiop "^^^^ Mn^ SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. A. PUTNAM, Jr., Sup't. ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. Chloride of Sndhun, 37S.9C,2 ars. Chloride of potassium, 9.ii29 **^ Si'oniide of Sodium f .505 Jodide of Sodium, or Iodine,* 20:000 Sulphate of Potnssa, 5.500 *• Jiirarhonate of TAmt-, 124.459 ♦♦ JHenrhonate of Ma^/nesia, 01 .912 Jticarhonafe of Soda, 12.002 J* Jilcarbonate of Iron^ 1.213 ^^ Silica 1.283 Phosphate of TAme, a trace. • Solid Contents in a gallon, 015.685 grs. Carbonic Acid Gas, 407.55 cubic inches in a gallon. * Ascertained according to Dr. Steele and Professor Emmons' mode of Analysis. _ TESTIMONIALS. The following testimonials of the value of the Star Water, are selected from many received from those who have used the water : From Eev. THEODORE L. CUYLER, D.D. Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Aug. 15, 1867. After eighteen years of constant experience in the use of the Saratoga Waters, I do not hesitate to give the preference to the Star Sjmung as the most acUve and beneflcial cathartic I have ever found here. It " works like a charm." I keep a jsuppiy of it at my own home, and when my system becomps disordtired, and my liver grows sluggish in its action, a bottle or two of this capiul water restores me without the use of any other remedy. May yours be " th^ Star that neve.rsets.^ Faithfully yours, THEODORE L. CUYLER^ From J. S. DEIAVAN, M.D. • Albany, May 9, 1865. Saratoga Star Spring Co.— Gents : I am in receipt of your admirable water. As a Remedial Agent, I believe the Star Water to be greatly superior to any ol the miuersl waters of Saratoga. I greatly prefer it myself to any of them. Very truly yours, J. S. DELAVAN, M.D. From Dr. N. B. SHTTRTLEFF, Mayor of Boston. Boston, Oct. 18. 1867. The Saratoga Spring Water has proved bigrhly advantageous In my practice in re- lieving constitutional torpidity of the alimentary canal, I con.sider its use very valu- able in the treatment of Chronic Indigestion, in reducing scrofulous enlargements, aiid in removing cutaneous affections. NATH. B. SIIURTLEFF, M.D. WHOLESALE AGENTS: I. WHITE & CO., 100 Tremont Street, Boston. B. HOWARD & SON, 94 Reade Street, New York. HARRIS & UPHAM, 72 Randolph Street, Chicago, 111. JOHN WYETH & BROTHER, 1412 Walnut Sti-eet, Philadelphia. BROWN, WEBER & GRAHAM, 10 & 12 North Second St., St Loula. And principal Druggists generally. These Guides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giving items of interest to the traveller for business or pleasure, and HANDSOMELY COLORED AND VERY PERFECT MAPS, enabling the traveller at every part of his journey to mark his precise 1 >caUty, and recognize the surrounding scenery. I. — "City of New York" Guide. n. — "New York to Philadelphia, Baltimore, and "Washington." m. — "Hudson River" Guide. IV. — "Hudson River Railway" Guide. V. — "Erie Railway" Guide. VI. — "New York to Saratoga, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls." VII. — "New Y'ork Central Railway." VIII. — "Springfield Route." New York to Boston, via Springfield. IX. — "Shore Line Route" Guide. New York to Boston. X. — " Bristol Line " Guide. New York to Boston, ina Bristol. XI. — "Stonington Line." New York to Boston, via Stonington. XII. — "Norwich Line." New York to Boston and White Mountains. XIII. — "New York to Montreal." Route via New London. Xrv. — "New York to White Mountains, via Connecticut River." XV. — " The Northern Route " Guide. Boston to White Mountains, Montreal, and Ogdensburg. XVI. — "Harlem Route" Guide. XVn.-;-" Allentown Line " Guide. New York to Harrisburgh. XVm.— " Pennsylvania Co.vl Regions, via, Morris and Essex R. R. XIX. — "Long Island," via Long Island Railroad. XX. — "The Sound Routes to Boston." Other Routes v/ill soon be published. TAINTOR'S "CITY OF NEW YOEK" Contains descriptions of, and directions for visiting the ParLic Buildixg', Parks, Cf.metries, Islands, and PcBLir Institttions in and around New York City ; also contains lists of ths principal Hotels, Places of Amusement, Libraries, Clubs, Societies, Dispensaries, Uorse Railroads, Omnibus Routes. Hack Fares, Ferries, &(i ; also, A NEW STREET DIRECTORY, TRAVELLERS' DIRECTORY AND CHURCH DIRECTORY, AND A L/lA^CE COLORED MAP OF NEW YORK, BROOKLYN, JERSEY CITY, HOBOKEN, &0. Price, 25 cents. For Sale by Newsdealers and Dooksellers. TAINTOR BEOTHERS, Publishers, 678 Broadway, N. T. MIDDLETOWN HEALING SPRINGS, MIDDLETOWN, RUTLAND CO., VERMONT. {Railroad Station^ PouUney.) The attention of tourists, and invalids particularly, is directed to these Springs, whose waters are very highly recommended by Physicians and all others familiar with thein irohderful effect on di^aeaae. They are Unrivalled as a Remedy^ refreshing as a Beverage, and pronounced SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHER WATERS. The location is delightful and healthy, and the region abounds with beautiful scenery, splendid drives, fine fishing, &c. , &c. The Waters are free to all at the Springs, and bottled for shipping^ and sold by Druggists. Send for Pamphlets ; full particulars free. Address, GRAYS & CLARK, JUiddletownf Vermont, RIPLEY FEMALE COLLEGE, Poultney, \*t, EEV. J. NEWMANN, D.D., President. This well-established Institution, located in a most delightful and healthful Tegiou, aflbrds the best of fiicilities for acquiring a thorough aud complete education. Particular attention is given to the Ornamental Branches, and eminent Professors are employed in each of these depart- ments. The Conservatory method of instriiction in Music is pursued with those who- desii-e it. Prof. H. C. Treat, from the Alleghany Academy of Music, has been engaged to introduce the method of instruction pursued so successfully at that Institution. The Fall Tei-m begins September 16th. On the 12lh of July, 1869, this InstituUon is opened as A SUMMER RESORT. It combines more elements of comfort than are usually found from home. The building is of brick, and is isolated from other buildings. Being in the centre of ten acres of lawn and grove, it is removed from noise and dust, aud is emphatically a Cool Retreat. The gravel- roads for miles in all directions are superior to macadamized roads. The scenery is of mountains, valleys, streams, and lakes, rarely equalled. At ordinary summer resorts the rule is the minimum of comforts and the maximum of prices. Here the rule is reversed. Prices for board, from $8 to $12j?er week, according to size and position of rooms. For children under twelve years of age, and for servants, $7 per week. Transient boarders, $2.oO per day. MIDDLETOWN "WATER FUBmSHED FeEB. How Shall w e Pain t our Houses? READY-MADE COLORS For Painting Exteriors and Interiors of Country and City Honsefc These Paints require only to be thinned \\'ith Raw Linseed Oil to make them ready for use. The list includes forty shades and tints, comprising all the colors suitable for exterior and interior "painting. In durability and per- manency of color they will be found superior in every respect to pure White Lead, while they cost (considering the quantity required) only about half aa much. Sample Cards, with a descriptive pamphlet, sent free by mail. Be sure you- get the genuine '* Jlailroad'* Colors, every package of which bears our full namo, in addition to our copyrighted title, "Railroad Paints and Railroad Colors. JS^ None are reliable which do not bear these marka.'^'&i. We would call attention also to our Warranted Perfectly Pure Combination White Zetid, which, for economy and durability, is the best in market. For sale by all Paint Dealers throughout the country, or MASURY & WHITON, * 111 Pulton Strtet, N. T. Proprietors ot the Globe White Lead and Color Works, Manufacturer* of White Lead, Zinc, and Painters' Fine Colors. N.B.— "How Shall we Paint?" A popular treatise on the art of House Painting, &c., by John W. Masxtry. Cloth. 216 pages, $1.50. Also, Hints on House Painting. Cloth, 84 pages, 40 cents. Either of the above sent free by mail on receipj of price. CARMINA YALENSIA. A New Collection of COLLEGE SONGS, with MUSIC and PIANO-FORTK ACCOMPANIMEJs-TS, comprising all the old popular and standard College 8ong8, with numerous pieces not liitherto published. The famous "Wooden Spoon Lanciers," and the "Song of the Spoon ;" also, the celebra;ed '•Christmas Anthem," sung by the Beethoven Society of Yale, are Included Extra cloth, price $1.50. ilailed post-paid on receipt of price. TAINTOR BROTHEBS, Publishers, 678 Bko.\dwat, New Yobe. THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, And the Region Around. THEIR SCENERY, LEGENDS, AND FEATURES. With sketches in prose and verse by COOPER, IRVING, BRYANT, COLl •nd other eminent writers. By Rev. Charles Rockwell. Illustrated. One volume I2mo, extra cloth, 350 pages, $2.00. lAINTOR BROTHERS, Publishers, 678 BKOADWiY. New Yobx. HEAR YE! HEAR YE! Hearken, all ye lean and gaunt, That racking Nervous Headaches haunt. Give ear, give ear, ye Bilious crowds, 'Whose cheeks the saffron bile-tinge clouds. Attend, attend, ye sore depressed, "Who can't the simplest food digest — To you is proffered such a draught As Hebe's patrons never quaffed ; Ease, Health, and Strength 'twill soon restore. And, stepping back^vard from Death's door, You'll bless the skilful hand that blent The Seltzer's every element In one rare antidote, containing Help, sure and swift, for the conoiplaining. PREPAKED ONLY BY TARRANT & CO., 278 Greenwich Street, N. T. SOLX> :OY ALT^ I>T11CJOGMSXS. I> MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR TABLE CUTLERY, Of Pearl, Ivory, Horn, Bone, Ebony, and Cocoa Handles. Alsoy JEJxcluslre 3tatiufaciut'ers of the ^aieni HARD RUBBER HANDLE, Which is the most DURABLE Handle ever known. It is much less expensive than Ivory. It always retains its polish when in use. It is Warranted NOT TO BECOME LOOSE in the Handle. It is not affected by HOT WATER. A NEW THING!! Solid Cast-Steel Knife, Heavily Silver-Flated. PATENTED APRIL, 1867. For sale by all the principal Dealers in Cutlery through- out the United States, and by the merideb; cutlery co., Jl,5 Beehman Street, J^ew York. NORTH AMERICA Life Insurance Companj, Corner of Barclay Street. JV. D. MOllGAJ^, President. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 209 518 P ■an' I This Company offers better induce meats to insurers tlian any other in the United States. NO LIMITATION TO TRAVEL, at any season of th^ year, in any part of North America, north of Mexico, or in Europe. l*olicics Secured hij Sjteclal Pledge of JPtibJic StocJcs in the Insurance Department of the State of New York, and each Registered Policy will bear a Certificate to that effect, countersigned by the Superin- tendent OF the Insurance Department. This feature of security originated with this Company, and was the invention of its present President. Nearly yfz/;? muVious of its policies are already secured in this manner. Communications addressed to the principal office, or to ariy of its agencies, will be promptly attended to. J. ^W. MERRILL, Secretary.