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THE 
 
 HUMAN TRINITY; 
 
 OR 
 
 THREE ASPECTS OF LIEE 
 
 THE PASSIONAL, 
 
 THE INTELLECTUAL, 
 
 THE PRACTICAL SPHERE 
 
 BY 
 
 M. EDGEWORTH LAZARUS, M. D. 
 
 Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy Heart, and with all thy 
 Mind, and with all thy Might. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR, BY FOWLERS & WELLS, 
 
 CLINTON HALL, NASSAU STREET 
 
 1851. 
 
13^ 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1651, 
 
 By M. EDGE WORTH LAZARUS, M. D., 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the 
 
 Southern District of New York, 
 
DEDICATION. 
 
 I DEDICATE THIS WORK 
 
 TO 
 
 The confusion of Philosophy, 
 
 The honor of Instinct, and 
 
 The worship of Labor as Art. 
 
 By all these titles it will be not an inappropriate token 
 
 of my regard for 
 
 JOHN GAETH WILKINSON, 
 
 Author of '■ The Human Body 
 and its connections with Man." 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 No treatise on man should omit to recognize the intel- 
 ligent labors of Bichat, who, first among the moderns, 
 emphasized the correspondent passional functions of the 
 viscera, of Gall who developed Phrenology as a science, 
 of Dr. J. R. Buchanan, the Fowlers, Reichenbach, 
 Ashrurner, and others, who in our own day are com- 
 pleting and refining these discoveries, whilst revealing by 
 the agency of Magnetism and magnetic impressibility an 
 entirely new and practical aspect of Psychology. 
 
 I have not the faculty of teaching universal science in 
 three, lectures. It is a single and limited aspect or sphere 
 of Zoology that I have to present. I must then request 
 the reader who gives me his attention, not to infer that I 
 ignore, deny or repudiate other spheres and aspects of 
 Zoology, because I do not treat of them. Why should 
 we crowd or hurry when we have our eternity before us r 
 
LECTURE I. 
 
 THE PASSIONAL SPHERE. 
 
 Practical science, which proposes to incarnate and 
 realize the spiritual life of humanity, the dearest hopes of 
 its affections, and its highest aspirations towards truth, 
 beauty and harmony, naturally investigates the organization, 
 mechanism or material sphere, adapted to the affections, 
 senses and intelligence of the individual soul in its body. 
 It has become a trite phrase that the human form is the 
 model of the perfect society. In accepting this, I would 
 observe that nature repeats herself continually as to types 
 and principles, but not in particular forms and details — 
 otherwise the society would consist of one stupendous human 
 body and soul composed of the agglomeration of all the 
 individual bodies and souls — applying to men, Edgar Poe's 
 absurd notion about the centralization of solar systems and 
 astral clusters, which were thus in completing the synthesis 
 of their unity, and returning to the divine source whence 
 they emanated, to approach and stick all-together, with their 
 animal and human races I suppose, sticking on to their 
 surfaces like small live mountain chains. Let us then at 
 the beginning of our subject, announce that analogy means 
 something very different from servile repetition. Those 
 which exist between the individual man and the truly 
 organized society or race, are all dynamic, or respect the 
 analogy of functions. 
 
6 ORGANIC ANALOGIES. 
 
 Thus I might speak of the function or use of Leverrier 
 in discovering the planet, which goes by his name, as that 
 of the eye of humanity ; but I should not say that Leverrier 
 was a piece of the cornea or of the chrystalline lens or 
 of the retina of humanity. 
 
 Carry such a notion to its natural results and you will 
 see how absurd it would be. Sir, or madam, for instance — 
 analogy reveals to me, that you constitute the right or the 
 left side of the free end of the little toe nail of the right 
 foot, of humanity. Leaving such nonsense — up to this time, 
 society appears to shrink from all research or acknowledg- 
 ment of the natural preordained form of its social or 
 passional movement, to have rather tried to accommodate 
 itself to all the inconveniences, compressions, and miseries 
 of the existing confusion, and to have sought consolation in 
 dreams of a future life, or in the fallacious hope of realizing 
 some happy exceptional individual destinies. 
 
 We have here, at the transition from social disorder and 
 suffering, to order and harmony, a natural repetition of what 
 may have occurred in the aromal world before our souls 
 assumed their present incarnation. We are grown so timid 
 by a long experience of pain, that we shrink from our happy 
 destiny as we then shrank from sorrow and trouble. When, 
 (says the Zend Avesta,) the good genii and beings 
 submitted to them, had been created, a perpetual peace 
 and harmony reigned in the world of Ormusd, which Ahri- 
 man only could disturb. The year seemed a perpetual day, 
 and the change of seasons did not desolate the face of the 
 earth. 
 
 It was the creation of man which aroused the jealousy 
 of Ahriman and impelled him to upset the world. 
 
 The ferouers of men were filled with joy at the order 
 
WHAT WE CAME HERE FOR, 7 
 
 which united the different parts of nature. Ormusd pro- 
 posed to them then to descend upon earth, saying to them, 
 what great advantages you will derive from existing in the 
 bodies which I will give you in the world. 
 
 Combat then, the Daroudjs. Cause them to disappear. 
 At the end I will establish you in your first estate. 
 
 You shall be immortal, without old age, without evil. I 
 will always protect you against the enemy. The Parsee 
 works continue, that when Ormusd wished to send into the 
 world, fire animals and man, each of these beings represented 
 to him what it would have to suffer from Ahriman and his 
 adherents. But Ormusd showed them the course of events, 
 and in what manner by a chain of circumstances, he was in 
 the end to deliver them from the oppression of the evil 
 genii, adding that they would thus contribute to the con- 
 quest of his enemy. He then promised them his protection 
 and they appeared on the earth. 
 
 The Ferouer of man says the Boundehesch, protected by 
 the intelligence which knows all against the Daroudjs of 
 Ahriman, came into the world and appeared there. At the 
 end of appointed time, delivered from its enemy, it will be 
 re-established in happiness, at the renewal of bodies and 
 during the continual duration of beings. 
 
 Thus by a sudden plunge the ideal becomes the actual — 
 calculation gives place to enterprise, and what was yesterday 
 a dream of the soul, is to-day or to-morrow invested with 
 the tangible angular limitations of a hard matter of fact. 
 
 But j as we are informed by our somnambulists and others, 
 who have accidentally turned the page of life, and got a 
 peep at the pictures ; the soul after death often still lingers 
 for a while round its old haunts, and remains for a season 
 unconscious of its new capacities and chances. So in the 
 
8 TO BE TO DO AND TO SUFFER. 
 
 beginning of our mundane career, at the birth of races, and 
 still in the infancy of individuals, there always is a season 
 of partial unconsciousness — a quiet dream life, or an in- 
 stinctual spontaneous activity, that all our dear bought ex- 
 perience is yet too poor to repurchase. 
 
 But once upon a time, during this dolce far niente, old 
 father Adam having eaten too heartily of the forbidden 
 apples, (perhaps they were green apples,) was seized with 
 the discovery — that he had a stomach ! Previous to that 
 epoch, mankind had been unconsciously conjugating the 
 verbs to be and to do — very much after the fashion of 
 Moliere's Mons Jourdain, who was so excessively tickled to 
 find out that he had all his life been speaking prose without 
 knowing it. But now began the conjugation of the third 
 verb of the grammatical trinity. Of a sad verb — a naughty 
 verb — a verb full of megrims, hysterics, and neuralgias — 
 the verb to suffer. In conjugating the verb to suffer, 
 mankind got quite a strange apprehension of to be and to 
 do — and as " all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy," 
 so by dint of studying too hard at these three verbs together, 
 people got at last to confounding them, and to suppose that 
 there could not any longer be being or doing, without 
 suffering also. Thus what was at first an exception, 
 irregularity, accident, disorder, mistake, and failure, came 
 by dint of a slovenly repetition, to be considered as the rule, 
 accepted as the normal state of man, as the intention of the 
 Creator, as a part, however eccentric, of the general order ; 
 as the purpose of our life, and the fulfilment of our des- 
 tinies. 
 
 These blue devils or spiritual nightmares rising from the 
 hypochondria of poor humanity, were not slow to build them- 
 selves temples where they worshiped the wicked God, the 
 
SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 9 
 
 God that fed and gloated on the sufferings of his bewildered 
 creatures, whom he had placed on earth as in a vale of tears, 
 where by the expiation of their tortures and voluntary self- 
 sacrifice, they might earn his favor in another life far separate 
 from their earth home. But " He, who doth all things well," 
 so ordered it, that in pursuing this error to its utmost length, 
 we should lead ourselves back toward the truth, towards the 
 happy, beautiful life that we had forgotten. To suffer was 
 followed by to know. Happiness is far the best instructor, 
 but pain gives the counter proof of the same lesson. Even 
 the tithed ministers of the wicked God, who manufacture 
 men's consciences into cat-o-nine-tails, now that hair cloth 
 and flagellation have become unfashionable ; teach self- 
 examination and self-knowledge for the purpose of basing 
 more surely their wretched doctrines in the perverted intel- 
 lect and rational convictions of their victims. 
 
 The Protestant church has fostered, developed, exploited 
 the intelligence of man, but not for itself alone. It trembles 
 before the powers it has raised. 
 
 Self-knowledge could not, indeed, long occupy us without 
 discovering the relations of soul with matter. Introspection, 
 though a morbid occupation of our faculties, and as disgust- 
 ing as the smell of the dissecting room, to those healthy and 
 harmonious persons whom partial angels seem always to 
 surround with what is good and beautiful, or the sweet 
 illusion of it, — Introspection and self-analysis reveal to us 
 not merely disease, but order, beauty, and a most harmoni- 
 ous adaptation of parts and functions, both material and 
 spiritual, to the health and happiness of the organism and 
 life which they compose. 
 
 This revelation is utterly at variance with the conception 
 of the wicked God, intending the torture of his creatures, 
 
10 ANATOMISTS AND METAPHYSICIANS. 
 
 and it is made to us at a period when our discoveries in 
 chemistry and mechanic forces, have given us that empire 
 over the external Creation which enable us to complete 
 these adaptations to a harmonious and blest existence, by a 
 corresponding environment of beautiful life. 
 
 The clue of self-knowledge followed into the adyta of 
 Anatomy, Physiology and Psychology, comes in our day to 
 the analysis of the human organism, as the form and expres- 
 sion of the soul there incarnated. 
 
 Having discovered that we had stomachs, we came in 
 due time to the uneasy consciousness of livers, brains, and 
 other organs, and were getting on quite bravely in our 
 researches, until one day Bishop Berkely discovered that 
 there were no bodies at all, but only ideas. It was a 
 reprisal on the anatomists, who had got to questioning the 
 existence of souls, since they were so smart upon the corre- 
 spondence of functions with structure, and spoke of that 
 agitation of the brain which we call thought. 
 
 On a less serious and less suffering planet than ours, it 
 might be supposed that in face of such an absurdity, the 
 metaphysicians and anatomists would have taken a hearty 
 laugh at each other and then coalesced like a pair of hum- 
 bugs, who on the principle that two negatives put together 
 are equivalent to an affirmative, might between the ghost 
 and the corpse, have produced a natural man. But they 
 quarreled worse than ever, and spat Greek and Latin at 
 each other with a volubility only checked by those pauses 
 in which, as Dr. Elder remarks, death punctuates life, until 
 the sciences of Physiognomy and Phrenology unexpectedly 
 came to reconcile them. 
 
11 
 
 PHYSIOGNOMY THE SCIENCE OF INCARNATION. 
 
 Among the Auroras of the Millenium, which presage 
 the Kingdom of Heaven upon Earth, there are to be 
 distinguished two kinds of rays ; one of white light corres- 
 ponding to the truths of science, the other of colored rays, 
 correspondences of the affections. The movements of hu- 
 manitary reform and beneficent charities, whether secular 
 or within the bosom of the various Churches, belong to 
 Love, and are of the latter class ; the different germs 
 of Material Unity, such as printing, steam locomotion, the 
 magnetic telegraph ; which establish universal connection 
 and communion of thought among the families of our race, 
 so that " the earth may be filled with the knowledge of the 
 Lord as the waters cover the sea," belong to Truth, and 
 are of the white rays. 
 
 Among the brightest of these is the science which dis- 
 covers man to himself, and renders falsehood impossible 
 by opening to every one the window of his brother's 
 breast. 
 
 Now this window is no other than the human face, in 
 which the individual soul is expressed, just as the universal 
 soul is expressed in nature ; and through either of these, 
 the whole or the epitome, we may look toward God. 
 
 The mind of man discovers within the sphere of its 
 cognizance, three principles, — 
 
 1st. " God the acting or moving. 
 
 2nd. " Matter, the passive or moved. 
 
 3d. " Law, the neuter or arbitral." 
 But the Universe stands a concrete whole, and these 
 distinctions are metaphysical abstractions of our own minds. 
 
12 PHYSIOGNOMY— SPHERICAL, ORGANIC AND HUMAN. 
 
 What we term u Law" is only the mode or form which 
 God appears to use in expressing or manifesting himself in 
 matter. Our observations of the forms of this incarnation 
 and their relations with the varieties of Love which each 
 embodies, constitute the science of Physiognomy. 
 
 The relations of these forms to each other and their dura- 
 tion and progression, constitute the science of Dynamics, 
 which in the inorganic world, gives us Physics and Chemis- 
 try ; in the organic series of the vegetable and animal 
 kingdoms, Physiology and Pathology. 
 
 The uses or ends of these forms and of their relations, 
 teach us in the sphere of inorganic matter the science of Me- 
 chanics ; in that of organized life, Hygiene and Therapeutics ; 
 in that of Society and Industry, Association and the Har- 
 mony of the Passions. 
 
 Physiognomy presents us at once three fields of view, 
 related to each other, and progressively concentrating, grade 
 within grade. 
 
 These are, — 
 
 1st. The Spherical — which relates to the nature, order, 
 position and progression of the strata of the Earth, its 
 climates, &c. 
 
 2d. The Organic, which relates to the classes, orders, 
 genera, species, and varieties, of its vegetable and animal 
 life, which are in regular correspondence with the succes- 
 sive grades of faculties in their order of expression in the 
 human face. 
 
 3d. The Human, which relates first to the Races and 
 nations of Mankind ; second, to the individual Body, and 
 especially to the Face, in which the three above-mentioned 
 grades are summed up and concentrated, and which, by 
 virtue of its rank of the infinitely small, in the series 
 
DIFFERENT MODES OF EXAMINATION. 13 
 
 of Creation, presents to us an image, however at present 
 disfigured by the scrofula of infancy, of the infinitely great 
 term in the series, the physiognomy of God. 
 
 Men have through all time judged of character, more or 
 less vaguely and intuitively, from the face, and the play 
 of its features, but such an infinite variety of details are 
 contained in so small a material compass, that very little 
 correctness has been attained. One of the sources of this 
 incorrectness has been the confusion from impressions of 
 different character, all valuable, but to be separately esti- 
 mated. These are, — 
 
 1st. Mechanical examinations of the form, size and shape 
 of features and of the play of muscles. 
 
 This field is partly preoccupied by Phrenology. 
 
 2. The Physiological examination, by the science of tem- 
 peraments, in which we have witnessed the pleasing and 
 instructive applications of Mons. and Madame De Bonne- 
 ville, when practitioners of Magnetism in Providence. 
 
 3- The magnetic examination, by sympathy, which all 
 persons exercise towards those who stand in close relations 
 of sympathy or antipathy towards them, but which is 
 confined to this class, and does not extend to the mass of 
 mankind. This faculty is intensified and extended in its 
 range of action in sleep -waking, whether natural or induced ; 
 in some persons it has a natural development, and admits 
 of cultivation like any other. 
 
 These three modes of examination are exercised in the 
 three spheres of — 
 
 Perception or Observation, for the mechanical ; 
 
 Intellect or Calculation for the Physiological ; 
 
 Sympathy or affection for the magnetic. 
 
 To these are to be appended as corollaries — 
 
14 PSYCHOMETRIC APPRECIATIONS. 
 
 The calculation of character from the hand writing ; in 
 which Dr. Buchanan is said to excel, and 
 
 The sympathetic examination of character by manual 
 contact with the letters or compositions of a person, where 
 the hand writing is not seen. I have seen in the Univer- 
 coelum, some of the exquisite and accurate appreciations of 
 Miss Anna Parsons, in which the spiritual pencil of a Retsch 
 seemed to have etched the characters of Carlyle and others ; 
 I have had the most lucid, correct, and delicately apprecia- 
 tive characterizations of Mr. Charles Sears, Ralph Waldo 
 Emerson, and of myself, given by Dr. Warrener of Cin- 
 cinnati, who applied under my own eye, the manuscripts 
 with which I presented him, to his forehead, and finally I 
 have several times according to the testimony of others, 
 myself succeeded in correct appreciations by the same simple 
 method. 
 
 The most cursory examination of these various methods, 
 suffices to convince us that only one of them is practicable 
 for immediate and general application, and is to the rest as 
 the ordinary alphabet used for printing and writing, is to 
 the expression of our thoughts, by short hand, by hiero- 
 glyphics, or by painting and sculpture. 
 
 It is evidently the mechanical method which claims this 
 distinction of general applicability and use. 
 
 On this branch Lavater has published some interesting 
 remarks ; they do not, however, constitute a science, being 
 of so general and indefinite a character that they may be 
 sometimes correct and sometimes incorrect. 
 
 Grail and his followers have made valuable discoveries 
 and generalizations, which are independent of the assump- 
 tion that activity of function has an invariable connection, 
 with the size of structures, an inference too hastily drawn 
 
WE READ THE FACE BEFORE THE HEAD. 15 
 
 from partial premises, and practically invalidated by the 
 general latency of development, in civilization and other 
 immature and diseased societies, of the innate passions of 
 man, and the faculties through which they express them- 
 selves. A phrenological development, allowing for the in- 
 fluence of temperaments, indicates a possibility, but not 
 necessarily an actual trait of character, since the amount 
 of brain expresses the power of endurance or continuing in 
 action, not the force and quality of will, which is the higher 
 practical consideration, and which is expressed by the fea- 
 tures of the face. 
 
 It would have been but a bungling piece of work to have 
 placed the expressions of character from which we are every 
 moment called to deduce and calculate, in an organ 
 covered with hair, and usually concealed by a hat or cap, 
 instead of in the face which is always open to inspection. 
 
 Sir Charles Bell in his " Anatomy of Expression," has 
 made observations more truly scientific, chiefly on the 
 muscles of the face and the play of the features, as con- 
 nected with distribution of the facial nerves, which are of 
 high value, especially to painters. 
 
 But in this, as in every other sphere of science, art and 
 industry, in the explanation of God's thoughts or the refine- 
 ment of his works, there was needed an individual specific 
 to the end ; one who should fill it and be absorbed by it, 
 one whose mind should be so constituted as to marry this 
 science, to wed it as a bride, not merely flirt with it in a 
 passing amour. 
 
 That man has been found, and has found ; holds, I may 
 say, the Eureka of this secret, with which the Sphynx, 
 whom (Edipus did not kill as the classics assert, but who 
 continues to devour this ignorant human race which cannot 
 
16 DR. JAMES WAKEMAN REDFIELD. 
 
 guess the secret of its own existence, has been twitting us 
 from the days of OEdipus until now. It is not a very simple 
 or a very easy discovery, this of the science of expression 
 or incarnation — not on the other hand, very difficult or very 
 complicated ; but all things are easy to those whose minds 
 are characteristically adapted to them, and all difficult or 
 impossible to those which do not possess the key note of the 
 subject. 
 
 Whatever computations we may make of the various 
 chances of genius, good luck, study and perseverance, this 
 practical fact remains, that a discovery and a highly impor- 
 tant one, has been made in this branch of science, and that 
 it comes to us through an individual called James Wakeman 
 Redfield, a man who has married it, and is now enjoying his 
 twelfth year of connubial devotion. Dr. R. claims for his 
 observations in Physiognomy the rank of definite science, 
 applicable to the whole animal kingdom, and also to the 
 vegetable and other kingdoms, although his applications 
 have been hitherto chiefly confined to the human body. 
 We have witnessed four mechanical examinations of the 
 face and hands, and accurate characterizations by Dr. R. of 
 individuals quite unknown to him, all strongly marked 
 characters, and two of whom he saw for the first time. 
 
 Physiognomy centres in the conception of Man as a form 
 of Affections, whose tendency is to Harmony and Unity. 
 To internal harmony, in their specific self-appropriation and 
 distribution of those material and passional elements, re- 
 quired to develop and complete his being with joy and satis- 
 faction — to external harmony, with respect to the superior 
 unities of the family, society, town, nation, race, humanity, 
 animality, natural kingdoms, planet, solar system, and so 
 on, widening ; — of which man is an element, and to whose 
 
SELF-APPROPRIATION. 17 
 
 harmonies he contributes, according to the wisdom dis- 
 played in his methods of self-appropriation. 
 
 It may here be objected, that self-appropriation is not an 
 integral formula for the functions of man. He is not only 
 absorbent but radiant ; self-nourishing, indeed, by virtue of 
 his lymphatic system of glands and vessels, and active to 
 this end through his vascular and muscular apparatus, 
 which act with great efficiency within the limits of the san- 
 guine and bilious temperaments ; but he is also, through 
 the ascendency of a finer spiritual life, connected with the 
 development of his nervous system and nervous tempera- 
 ments, and with the extension of the sexes into soul life ; a 
 divinely radiant being, disinterested in his actions, and in his 
 thoughts and feelings ; and joy dispensing, like the parent 
 Sun, and like the Christ, who said it was " More blessed to 
 give than to receive." 
 
 For those who, like the Christ, are strong and rich 
 enough to afford it, it is more blessed to give than to re- 
 ceive. A rich nobleman, surrounded with all that he can 
 appropriate to his enjoyment, after satisfying his personal 
 wants, may invest his surplus capital on his estates, in 
 making roads and bridges, improving tenements, opening 
 marl or coal-pits, &c, which immediately increases the pros- 
 perity of his tenants, and redounds again to him, not only 
 in the greater value of his property, but in the good will, 
 the spiritual tribute of thankful, joy-enlivened hearts, which 
 is the choice food of a generous soul. To Christ, and to 
 all of us, as we rise towards his state of life and love, the 
 world, and all its creatures, are our own estate and ten- 
 antry. Bound by the myriad ties of matter and of force, 
 by sense, affection, intellect, in a solidarity of happiness 
 or suffering ; how often, soever, you change the apparent 
 
18 DISINTERESTEDNESS. 
 
 method or the object of your action, of your service ; you can- 
 not project your force beyond the " crescive, all-enclosing 
 self." An absolutely disinterested act is an impossibility, 
 not in the thought or feeling of the moment when it is done, 
 but in the nature of things : " Cast thy bread upon the 
 waters, and it shall return to thee after many days." 
 
 True to the analogy of its first organized form, the 
 stomach — the life and actions of beings, high as our expe- 
 rience or imagination can reach, are formulized and actuated 
 by this central principle — self-appropriation — specific to the 
 nature of each being. Not only the Sun and man radiate 
 force, virtue and prosperity ; but each animal in its degree 
 and sphere, and even the plants, which exhibit no nervous 
 systems in then- structure, as we have hitherto understood 
 them. What is more radiant, more disinterested, than the 
 rose, in its profusion of beauty, colors, smiles, fragrance, 
 sentiment ? 
 
 " I know no selfish love, 
 All pride, all shame above ; 
 My being freely do I offer up — 
 I taste ethereal bliss 
 In the sweet zephyr's kiss, 
 And give back incense from my dewy cup, 
 
 " Laden with that rich freight, 
 On mortals he may wait, 
 And give my fragrant store of sweets away ; 
 Again, when he returns, 
 My heart with rapture burns, — 
 Again, I offer all, nor ask repay." 
 
 These are words of a song, heard one morning by a Sis- 
 ter of the Rose, as she bent over its opening flower, and I 
 believe it, as I hope in heaven. But the rose is a plant — 
 
I 
 
 NOURISHMENT OF AFFECTION. 19 
 
 and plants, say the physiologists, are only inverted stomachs, 
 whose mucous follicles lengthen into radicle fibrils. No 
 one will contest to stomachs ^ or to plants the supreme cen- 
 tral regency of the self-appropriative function, and it is 
 only necessary to reduce men and women to imminent 
 starvation, in order to see all their fine spirituality shrink 
 back into the one gross central self-appropriative passion. 
 I doubt not that the Sun amply reimburses himself for his 
 vital radiation of light, heat, and electricity to the planets 
 of his system, by the aroma of happiness which re-emanates 
 from every creature that lives in the fulfilment of its destiny. 
 
 Friends, lovers, parents, children, aromally feed upon 
 each other, and the self-appropriation of affection has 
 this advantage over the grosser procedure ; that, whereas 
 a friend of average size, say one hundred and fifty pounds 
 weight, would not keep fresh a week in warm weather, and 
 even if you salted him, would be all gone in a month or 
 two ; you may feed your affections on him year after year, 
 and find him all the while improved, in flavor and raciness, 
 like his vegetable analogue, old wine. 
 
 The self-appropriative passion, thus satisfactorily attested 
 as the formula of life, expresses itself physiognomically in 
 the whole organism, and especially in those pivotal organs 
 or central regencies, which are for the trunk — the stomach, 
 — simplest form of the entire animal, and focus of the 
 self-appropriative function ; in the organic nervous system, 
 the solar plexus. In the cerebral superstructure, corres- 
 ponding to man's superior spiritual development, we find 
 the central regency in the organs of the vertex, forming 
 the crown or key- stone of the encephalic arch. For the 
 periphery of the being, or sphere of practical ultimates, it is 
 the hand ; for the sphere of perception, the eye ; for that of 
 
20 PROCESSION OF THE SOUL IN MATTER. 
 
 intellection, the organ of causality, correspondence, or 
 adaptation, as it may be variously designated. 
 
 We trace the Serial Unity of this human-form passion, 
 into three primordial expressions, and discriminate the 
 Social Affections, the Sensual Desires, and the Distributive 
 Tendencies. Each of these passional groups has, in a 
 second division, specific passions belonging to it, as among 
 the Senses, the passion of music ; among the Affections, 
 the passion of love ; among the Distributives, the pas- 
 sion of travel, change, or variety. Every passion, shade 
 or division of passion, has three discrete spheres : 1st. 
 the central, receptive, creative and impulsive ; receiving 
 from the Solar centre the mandates of attraction, and then, 
 like a bent spring or blind force, reflecting this mandate 
 upon the faculties adapted to their fulfilment. 2d. the 
 administrative passions and faculties, which are instinctual, 
 and intellectual ; and 3d. the external faculties, which are 
 composed of the senses for the passive or receptive sphere, 
 and of the limbs, muscles, and frame, for the active or 
 executive sphere. We thus trace the passions from their 
 centres, where they are all feeling, to their surfaces, where 
 they are all action, and where they exhibit those superficial 
 physiognomical traits, of which our senses take cognizance. 
 At this stage of their procession into the world of matter, 
 the passions are all visible, audible, and tangible ; — their 
 aromal form being concreted into fluids and solids. When 
 we are in fine health, the emotions of our central life and 
 passions may be felt permeating the frame to the skin ; our 
 bodies do not seem to be mere external mechanisms, but to 
 be ourselves, consecrated and endeared by all our spiritual 
 powers and joys. The passions thus become sensible and 
 tangible substances, lying at the basis of all our organic 
 
PHENOMENA OF INCARNATION. 21 
 
 functions, and subject to the influence of drugs and medicines, 
 both in the homoeopathic dilution and the crude form. 
 Every passion, and every shade of passion, may be thus 
 called forth or lulled. Think of the effects of sound in 
 music; of coffee, tea, wine; of vanilla, opium, stramonium ; 
 of a hundred substances familiarly known, and a hundred 
 more that are known to the homoeopathic pharmacy, and 
 whose passional and mental symptoms constitute a special 
 head under each chapter. In this external degree, passions 
 are subject even to surgical operations, — to the lancet, the 
 cautery, section and amputation. There is no book exist- 
 ing of more overwhelming interest, than the history of 
 the chivalrous exploits of the nitrate of silver. I tell you 
 that no knight-errant of the olden times, rescuing maidens 
 from monsters and from spells of magic, ever delivered the 
 ten thousandth part of the victims who owe their gratitude 
 of life and love to the nitrate of silver. 
 
 The passions occupy the organism sphere within sphere. 
 
 Our aromal body, composed of a finer substance than the 
 external body which it fills, is indeed their sanctuary ; since 
 it appears from a certain order of evidence, which I do not 
 dispute, that the soul continues in connection with its aromal 
 body after it leaves the grosser external body. But while 
 here, we are alive to the epidermis. In full health, as I 
 remarked, as we rise after an eight hours' sleep, all our 
 organs and tissues refreshed, utter within us a music of 
 sensuous harmony, and the man stands revealed to himself, 
 a conscious embodied passion. 
 
 If you tickle a fellow about the crura of the diaphragm, 
 shall he not laugh, as well as if his inside mirth had been 
 tickled by those spiritual fingers which are called merry 
 thoughts ? 
 
22 THE PASSIONAL KEY NOTES. 
 
 Fill your lungs with fresh air, and you simultaneously 
 develop the germ of a spiritual aspiration ; you gain some 
 consciousness of latent attractions that invoke their destiny ; 
 you excite the passion of ambition through its nervous de- 
 velopment upon the air cells. The most cross-grained fel- 
 low is not proof against friendly emotions, if you premise, 
 by gently titillating the nerves of his stomach, organ of 
 friendship, with a charming little banquet, not forgetting 
 generous wine. 
 
 The desolating effects of even slight local irritations 
 within the third or pelvic cavity, are too well known to be 
 here detailed. 
 
 Have we never passed too near animated magnets ? nor 
 been made aware of the " electrical condensing properties 
 of those polished eliptical surfaces with which the good God 
 has so profusely adorned the body of woman ? " A skilful 
 magnetizer produces varied passional states and their ex- 
 pression, by touching the correspondent keys in body and 
 head, as a musician develops, by touch, the notes of a piano^ 
 forte. The experiments of mesmeric phrenology have ren- 
 dered us familiar with these phenomena. 
 
 I do not mean to approve them : they are dangerous in- 
 versions of the natural catenation of excitement, passion, 
 and action, and throw the organism into sad disorders ; but 
 they are not the less useful methods in the hands of a 
 judicious physician, — the same as surgical operations and 
 the use of medicinal poisons. 
 
 The Social Affections, in assuming a solid form, consist of 
 the Viscera of the trunk and the Sympathetic nervous sys- 
 tem thereto distributed. Their second sphere of adminis- 
 trative faculties, is the correspondent cerebral organization 
 of the occipital and lateral portions of the brain, instinctual 
 
AMBITION IN A SOLID FORM. 23 
 
 in their functions, and sufficing to complete the circuit of 
 action from the centres to the external instruments, mus- 
 cular and locomotive. Besides this, there is in man and 
 the superior animals, a frontal brain, intellectual in its func- 
 tions, which enlarges the sphere of their relations and their 
 activity, and in its functions, as in its structure, constitutes 
 a normal development upon the instinctual organs. 
 
 Without the frontal brain the individual can take no cog- 
 nizance of interests external to its body — cannot co-operate 
 directly in the general regency and administration of the 
 planet, like man and his servants, the dog, horse, &c. 
 
 The central sphere of the Social Affections has four primary 
 subspheres, each of which, in turn, severally divides into a 
 number of distinct constituent passions and shades of pas- 
 sion. The four primary Social Affections are, Ambition, 
 Friendship, Love, and Familism. Ambition — the aspiring, 
 struggling, conquering passion, creator of hierarchy, degrees 
 and distinctions, according to superior force and capacity ; 
 Ambition takes its solid form in those organs which are most 
 directly the sources of power, and most active in those 
 transformations of tissue, by means of which we effect our 
 external conquests — for every act and every thought is a 
 sort of martyrdom to the little molecules composing the 
 tissue of brain and muscle acting — an auto-da-fe^ in which 
 they are oxidated, burned, and flung into the sluice of the 
 venous blood, like the revolutionary victims into the waters 
 of the Seine or Loire. 
 
 The first and most important organ in the development 
 of power, is the lungs, pivot of the oxidating and decarbon- 
 izing functions, whose physiognomical signs are the volume 
 of the chest and development of the pectoral muscles : in 
 
24 THE TREE, TYPE OF THE SERIES. 
 
 the face, it is the nose which terminates the respiratory ap- 
 paratus. 
 
 Here Dr. Redfield locates the expression of many charac- 
 ters of Ambition, — attack — which grapples with the sphere 
 of persons or things to be conquered and appropriated ; 
 Relative Defence, which binds the social and political 
 league ; and Self Defence, which holds fast to what has 
 been attained. 
 
 Besides these, we have at the point of the nose, Discovery, 
 the exploration of new spheres ; at its septum, the dividing 
 cartilage of the nostrils analysis the dividing or separating 
 faculty. Since of Ambition, both in the sphere of politics 
 and in that of science, the old Machiavellian proverb holds 
 most true : " Divide et regna :>," — separate and rule — it is 
 one of those absolute axioms which suits equally well in its 
 subversive application to the civilized, barbarous and other 
 incoherent societies, and in its harmonic application to the 
 series of groups, which give the largest development to 
 Ambition in the numerous distinctions and responsibilities 
 of its arborescent hierarchy. 
 
 This form, the arborescent, though as the type of the 
 Series, it is common to the whole organism, and exhibited 
 by dissection in the arterial venous and nervous systems, 
 just as clearly as by a tree, or by the solar ray, if we ana- 
 lyze it on looking at the sun with nearly closed lids ; this 
 arborescent form, natural to all series and serial types, is 
 nowhere in the body so clearly designed as in the spheres 
 of Ambition. First, in the lungs, where we have the great 
 tracheal trunk giving off bronchial boughs, and the boughs 
 branches, till we reach the extreme leaves which are faith- 
 fully depicted by the expansion of the air cells. The 
 lobules of the lungs are grouped in little lobes dependent 
 
ORGANIC ARBORESCENCE. 25 
 
 on a lung-twig, through which the venous and arterial sap- 
 vessels pass with the nervous filament. 
 
 The little lobes are grouped again into large serial lobes, 
 and the whole mass of lung consists of five great lobes : 
 three on the right side and two on the left. My limits pre- 
 vent me from explaining, here, the analogical reason why 
 there are three lobes on the right side and two on the 
 left. 
 
 Again, in the cerebellum — great nervous centre of mus- 
 cular force, and strictly allied with the lungs — we are sur- 
 prised to find a well delineated tree : make any section you 
 please, the shape of the tree changes, but it is still the 
 tree, that is, the Series — Source of powers. Take the 
 Liver, inferior colleague of the Lungs in its functions ; you 
 may follow up the same arborescent type in the distribution 
 of the hepatic artery and vein which nourish it, or the portal 
 vein which brings the matter for its industrial operations in 
 decarbonizing the blood and making bile, and here you find 
 again the division of lobes and lobules, though less remark- 
 able than in the Lungs. Then, observe the practical organs 
 of power, where Ambition ultimates itself by the hands and 
 feet or claws. Here it gives the Series again, — one femur, 
 one humerus, two bones in each fore-arm and leg ; five 
 phalanges, fingers and toes, to each arm and leg in the divi- 
 sion of the third degree. 
 
 Returning to the nose — 
 
 At the alae of the nose we have the expression of Syn- 
 thetic power, which effects Combination ; and at their ex- 
 tremes, that of example, or power influencing by practical 
 demonstration. Above these, Dr. R. has charted on the 
 bony sides of the nasal arch, expressions of those impulses 
 which appropriate to man what he needs for his preserva- 
 
26 LIVER ABDOMINAL LUNG. 
 
 tion, or the extension of his incarnation in the material 
 elements wherewith he clothes himself — his aquatic propen- 
 sities which lead him to use one of the simplest and most 
 universal forms of force — water. In the line above these, 
 on the inferior border of the orbit, we are shown the appli- 
 cation of these forces in weaving, in construction, the em- 
 ployment of machines. In the line below them, running 
 beneath the cheek-bone — the motive impulses to economize, 
 to acquire and add good to good, and still below, the dis- 
 position to secrete, giving breadth to the wing of the nostril. 
 
 The Liver, abdominal, or infra thoracic counterpart of 
 the Lungs ; which continues its function of oxydating the 
 blood by the negative process of abstracting its overcharge 
 of carbon, brought by the veins from used up tissues ; pre- 
 sents a lower sphere or degree of the form of Ambition. 
 The illustrations of this must be now chiefly drawn from 
 the subversive development of Ambition, as in paroxysms 
 of destructive rage, which so potently affect the secretions 
 of this organ, as to cause sudden fits of Bilious Colic, Fever 
 and Jaundice. 
 
 It is remarkable that Liver disease is the characteristic 
 scourge of the English who exercise their subversive am- 
 bition in the conquest and usurpation of India. Perhaps 
 we might find an illustration nearer home. I do not find 
 in Dr. R.'s physiognomical classification, any sphere of the 
 face specially corresponding ; but the temporal region just 
 below and in front of the top of the ear corresponds with 
 the functions of the Liver in Dr. Buchanan's chart. 
 
 I observe, as facts acquired by Phrenology, that sphere 
 of the occipital and lateral brain, where its charts locate on 
 the skull, the following developments of Ambition : Firm- 
 ness, Self-Esteem, Approbativeness, Acquisitiveness, and 
 
DESPOTIC AMBITION OF CORSETS, 27 
 
 Reverence, which is a compound organ, partly belonging 
 to the sphere of Friendship. 
 
 In addition to these, Dr. Buchanan has been led by his 
 pschometric examinations, to assign the whole occipital re- 
 gion to various tendencies of subversive ambition, as Pride, 
 Love of rule, Arrogance, Tyranny, Cruelty, &c, sustained by 
 a Russian arch of Coarseness and Ignorance, and terminating 
 in the group of selfish, combative and villanous faculties 
 behind the ear, altogether composing a phrenological hell, 
 which, like its theological kindred, will vanish before our 
 advances in science and in love. 
 
 The fashions of dress furnish a curious confirmation of 
 that relation which the Lungs and Liver bear towards the 
 passion of Ambition. The form of Ambition most common 
 among civilized ladies is Vanity, or the desire to please and 
 be admired even at the expense of their own self-respect, 
 liberty and development. It then involves them in endless 
 slaveries to fashion, and compresses their spontaneity. 
 Now, where are we to look in the sphere of dress, for the 
 organic expression of this compromise of individual develop- 
 ment and liberty, for this repressed aspiration ? Why it 
 tells itself; you have only to state the problem fairly, in 
 order to have the answer : the Lungs must be the victim 
 organ ; it is necessary that they should be compressed, as 
 by corsets, stays and belts ; that their physical aspiration 
 should be obstructed in correspondence with the spiritual 
 fact, that these fashionable ladies, in aping a most absurd 
 and unclassical ideal of beauty, sacrifice to the corsets, 
 stays, and belts of fashionable custom, their own sponta- 
 neous action, profane the sacred liberty of their souls, and 
 subordinate to the miser eating, annihilating level of the 
 crowd, their divmest aspirations of character. 
 
28 CRESTED DIGNITY AND MINCING GRACE. 
 
 While woman continues a spiritual slave, she must com- 
 press her Lungs, and wear dresses so constructed as to allow 
 her no freedom of physical movement. 
 
 Woman, emancipated by higher intelligence and purer 
 instincts, will resume that classic ideal of beauty which the 
 full waist of the Yenus de Medicis presents to us, and which 
 announces the vigor and harmonious expansion of her vis- 
 cera, and in correspondence, of her passional nature. 
 
 It is the same treacherous and compressive ambition that 
 squeezes the breath out of a poor girl's lungs, which piles 
 up and twists her flowing tresses into a crested mock dig- 
 nity just over the phrenological locations of Pride and Ap- 
 probativeness, and pins them down with a big comb, just as 
 the comb of convention transfixes and holds in limbo that 
 luxuriance and spontaneity of life which the flowing locks 
 symbolize. Again, I trace the imp lurking like a pea in a 
 tight shoe and compressing the organs of locomotion, lest 
 woman's sphere should become too extensive. Whenever 
 you espy the little mincing gait in which self-discipline sup- 
 presses the limp and outward evidence of torture ; aiming at 
 a graceful inefficiency, as though to cross a drawing-room 
 were the ultimate function or use assigned by Nature to 
 woman's feet, there you may witness the victim of Yanity 
 on the altar of fashionable conformity ; and, if you wish to 
 see the perfected institution of uselessness, the ambition of 
 inefficiency carried to the most pathetic and sublime degree 
 of its bathos, you may take passage for the " Celestial " 
 Empire, where your fortune is made if you are an ortho- 
 pedic surgeon and understand, how, in the philosophy of the 
 inverse movement, the office of the physician is the creation 
 of disease. 
 
STOMACH, CHIEF ORGAN OF FRIENDSHIP. 29 
 
 SECOND SUBSPHERE. 
 
 Friendship — or Affinity, in regard to the preservation of 
 the individual or mass, (and not of the species considered 
 as generations,) is organized or receives its first and basic 
 incarnation in the stomach and connected digestive and as- 
 similative or chylopoetic viscera. Hence the table is the 
 focus of friendly relations, and instinct renders sacred from 
 aggression, the stranger with whom we have eaten bread 
 and salt. The physiognomical expression of this passion in 
 its various developments, have been charted about the 
 orifice of the mouth, which is to the stomach, what the nose 
 is to the lungs. 
 
 Dr. Redfield assigns to the stomach the physiognomical 
 character of love of enjoyment, which is equivalent to the 
 joyous free and easy charm of good fellowship round the 
 social board. 
 
 The sign connected with this, he has observed in the 
 large molar teeth next to the wisdom-teeth, and connected 
 with them in expression, since the wisdom-tooth indicates 
 love of life. 
 
 The contrasted sign of rapacity, a character antipodal to 
 these in its influence, but equally descriptive of the method 
 of Self- Appropriation, is found in the length of the canine 
 teeth, with which animals tear their prey, especially in that 
 of the lower canines. 
 
 The corresponding cerebral locations recognized by Phre- 
 nology, are — Benevolence, which Dr. E. divides into love 
 of giving and love of serving ; Kindness and Gratitude ; 
 Reverence, which joins Friendship to the sphere of Am- 
 
30 I GIVE MY LIFE FOR MY FRIEND. 
 
 bition ; and the social impulses and faculties of "Wit, Humor, 
 Adaptiveness, Politeness and Love of Pleasing, which ani- 
 mate social converse, and are all related to the breadth 
 and height of the anterior fronto parietal region ; as well 
 as Truthfulness, which connects Friendship with the region 
 of Pure Intellect, and which lies full in front, beside Benev- 
 olence. 
 
 The front incisor teeth of the upper jaw, indicate by their 
 length, that sort of friendship which sympathizes with the 
 masses of the middle or citizen class of society, and by their 
 breadth the friendship of democratic sympathy. The front 
 incisors of the lower jaw indicates by their breadth aristo- 
 cratic sympathy, by their length friendship for one's self: 
 that rare and beautiful sentiment which makes us happy 
 even in solitude, the constant internal harmony of the ele- 
 ments of our life. 
 
 The smaller molar teeth indicate, according to Dr. Ked- 
 field, " Substitution." I was puzzled to explain this term 
 until I considered the habits of the hare and the various 
 species of deer, which show their friendship to those of their 
 own and even of kindred species, as the fallow-deer, roe- 
 buck, stag, &c, by mutual Substitution of the fresh for the 
 fatigued beast, before the hunters' pack. It is this which 
 we so much admire in the history of Damon and Pythias, 
 each seeking to die for the other, to expiate the displeasure 
 of the Sicilian tyrant. Such friendship appears to have 
 been frequent among the Pythagoricians, and will always keep 
 them in honorable remembrance among those incapable of 
 appreciating the value of their doctrines and practices in 
 other respects. It is a friendship daily exercised by the 
 deer and the hare, especially by the roebuck, which, as well 
 as the young wolf, willingly springs into the track, and takes 
 
INCARNATfON OF LOVE. 31 
 
 the place of his exhausted comrade, who crouches still and 
 breathes himself, while the hurricane of the chase sweeps by. 
 
 THIRD SUESPHERE. 
 
 Love (sexual), is the assimilative Affinity tending to se- 
 cure that order of appropriation which relates to the pre- 
 servation of the Species, (and not of the individual or mass.) 
 
 Hence its pleasures are now unproductive in an indus- 
 trial point of view, but on the contrary, tax the vigor of 
 both soul and body, which its exquisite harmonies feed upon. 
 Its organic sphere is that of the third or pelvic cavity. 
 
 In the male, all is obvious. In the female, the concur- 
 rence of an orgasm in the ovaries, with the expulsion of an 
 ovum at each catamenial epoch, preparing for a fruitful coi- 
 tion ; with the contested orgasm, and emission within the 
 vaginal parietes, present problems not yet well understood. 
 
 The asserted discovery of an intra-vagiaal spermatic 
 apparatus, is certainly mysterious, and should not here be 
 noticed but for its correspondence with the phenomena 
 of orgasm, in coition, and with that of seminal losses, re- 
 corded, without comment, in the New Manual of Jahr. 
 
 Coition varies both in its sensorial and its spiritual phe- 
 nomena. It is simple — by mere vaginal connection, with- 
 out pleasure, which may impregnate as well as any other ; 
 composite, when there is also clitoral excitement, indicating a 
 specific attraction of temperaments, and appreciable a priori 
 through the sympathy of the pelvic organs with the breasts ; 
 and bicomposite, when there is at once physical sympathy of 
 temperaments and the spiritual passion of Love. 
 
 In man, the full and successful incarnation of Love bears 
 a constant ratio to the quantity and quality of Spermatozoa 
 elaborated and retained in the organism. However sub- 
 
32 TESTES COUNTER-PIVOT OF BRAIN. 
 
 limely enthroned in the Spirit, its manifestation, and con- 
 sequently its reciprocation, is precluded by defects in the 
 aromal body ; otherwise popularly known as the life of ani- 
 mal spirits, common to all the Social Affections ; and which 
 spreads its rose-tinted atmosphere over nature and human- 
 ity ; or vanishes, leaving all in dead lead color, with sharp 
 denned angles, " under a foul and pestilent congregation of 
 vapors," according to the presence or absence of healthy 
 Spermatozoa. I cannot say whether they are absorbed into 
 the blood as some physicians suppose, but I know that un- 
 less they are elaborated by the testes, and contained in the 
 seminal reservoirs, that the blood rapidly loses its red glo- 
 bules, its plasticity, and vitalizing qualities in general ; so 
 that the testes return to the organism with interest, either 
 through nervous communication, or absorption, or both ; 
 the life which they secrete from it, and of which but an in- 
 considerable portion is required for the procreation of new 
 individuals. They are equally essential with the brain, of 
 which they are the counter-pivot, to the healthy and vigo- 
 rous performance of all organic, animal, and spiritual func- 
 tions ; and yet with the difference, that they are so located 
 as to be capable of extirpation without destroying life, which 
 the brain cannot be ; this singular fact is true alike of the 
 brain and the testes, that the body can do without either of 
 them, can grow through its foetal phases, and can sustain 
 the nutrition and circulation of all its organs without them, 
 though it never can incarnate the Soul. 
 
 After the elimination of the testes, if this occurs at an 
 early age, the development of virility ceases at once, the 
 voice remains sharp like a child's, and the beard never ap- 
 pears. If full maturity has been attained before their elim- 
 ination, and consequently the cerebral and cerebellar coun- 
 
CONSEQUENCE OF THEIR EXTIRPATION. 33 
 
 terparts of the testes have been normally developed ; these 
 continue to manifest a partial and abortive activity, as is 
 well known of eunuchs in the East, who, when they have 
 the means, keep seraglios of their own. The general char- 
 acter, however profoundly modified, retains also more of its 
 original type ; the tendency to nutrition and the accumu- 
 lation of fat replaces a more restless activity ; all the parts 
 of the blood being formed in the chylopoetic viscera, and re- 
 tained in the circulation, though not refined and potential- 
 ized by the influence of the Seminal Secretion. 
 
 The Ovary produces analogous effects and changes in the 
 female organism. 
 
 In its physiognomical expression, the lower part of the 
 face with the interior of the mouth and throat present a 
 curious repetition of those forms and tissues which belong 
 to the genesic sphere of both sexes. There is also here 
 some physiological relation, since the throat and voice are 
 in very strict sympathy with the states and affections of the 
 genesic sphere, and the tonsils and palate and even the 
 bony roof of the mouth seem to be peculiarly liable to 
 syphilitic disease. If the tonsils be considered in corres- 
 pondence with the testes, as the phenomena of mumps some- 
 times indicate, the mechanical analogy of forms and of erec- 
 tile tissues is vaguely sketched internally, and the external 
 signs of physiognomy are very definite. It is the supreme 
 point formed by the double curvature in the centre of the 
 upper lip, which indicates the genesic orgasm, and which 
 has so strong a reflective sympathy with it, that the common 
 sense of mankind and the modesty of woman permit the 
 contact of the lips only to the kiss of love. 
 
 Dr. B. considers prominence in the very centre of the 
 chin under the first incisor teeth or sign of love of solitude ; 
 
34 PHYSIOGNOMY OF LOVE. 
 
 as the sign of congeniality, which enters so largely into the 
 conjugal love, and requires the sympathy of identity. Next, 
 on each side of this, is the sign of desire to be loved, strong- 
 er, as he observes, in the male. Outside of this a little, 
 and shaping the narrow square chin, is the sign of desire to 
 love, stronger in the female. Outside of this, under the 
 canine teeth, which denote rapacity, lies violent love, or devo- 
 tion, according as it is educated ; stronger in the male, and 
 making the broad square chin. Ardent love, a female shade 
 of passion in turn, gives breath to the jaw under the small 
 molar teeth. Still beyond this, under the large molar, we 
 have fondness, and love of physical beauty, with a contour of 
 face in the style of Henry VIII. of England ; while faithful 
 love, a female quality again, terminates the Series, and gives 
 breath under the wisdom teeth. These are well illustrated 
 by woodcuts in Dr. R.'s little book, which I heartily recom- 
 mend. It may be procured from J. S. Redfield, Clinton 
 Hall, New York. 
 
 (The subject is farther elaborated in the Physiological 
 chapter of my work on " Love vs. Marriage," — Fowlers & 
 Wells — and in that on " Seminal Losses," published by 
 Radde, Broadway.) 
 
 The Physiognomical expression of Love is found then in 
 the upper lip, the soft parts of the mouth, and the lower jaw. 
 Our attention is at once directed to this region, by the 
 peculiar curve of the upper lip in the sexual orgasm ; by 
 the differenciated chin of the bearded male and beardless 
 female, and the permanent beardlessness of eunuchs. 
 
 Connected with these in the incarnation of the Passion, 
 are portions of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum. 
 
 Carpenter gives reasons — from a diagnosis, par voie d? ex- 
 clusion, in comparing geldings with stud-horses — to sup- 
 
CEREBRAL SPHERE OF SPIRITUAL LOVE. 35 
 
 pose that this function is intrusted to the vermiform pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 It is in this region that Phrenology locates Amative- 
 ness. 
 
 The organs of Hope, of Music, of Ideality, are closely 
 related in their spiritual functions to the instinctual organs 
 and functions of the passion Love, though not exclusively 
 confined to it. Their sphere, comprising wonder, is in the 
 intellectually spiritual organism, what the heart (pivot of 
 circulation) is in the animal or affectionally spiritual organ- 
 ism. They form a pivotal sphere, common to the four car- 
 dinal passions, though developed by Love with that pecu- 
 liar warm and luminous intensity with which it invests 
 everything. 
 
 Dr. Buchanan subjects phrenological locations to the test 
 of psychometric impressibility, touching sensitive subjects 
 on every part of the brain separately, and as the counterproof, 
 at other times causing them to touch his brain or that of a 
 third party, in the same manner. 
 
 His conclusion from this mode of examination, is that 
 Love— i. e., spiritual love, not lust — occupies a large space 
 between ideality below, and hope and reverence above, and 
 in the antero superior parietal region. 
 
 When love begins in the deep soul, it is the thoracic and 
 cerebral, two superior cavities, which are chiefly the seat 
 of its emotions. When it begins in the external sensuous 
 organism, it is the pelvic cavity which seems to take the 
 initiative ; though its natural procession from within out- 
 wards, or from without inwards, equally comes in the end, 
 to involve the three spheres in a composite and harmonic 
 development. 
 
36 SOUL, AN EXPLETIVE- IN THE MEDICAL COLLEGES, 
 
 FOURTH SUBSPHER E F AMILISM, 
 
 Is organized in the Uterus and Mammse of the Female, 
 and divides with Love the function of the Ovaries. There 
 we have the organs of Conception, Gestation and Lactation ; 
 the entire basis of the new generation to which this sub- 
 sphere is specifically appropriated, and in reference to 
 which it exerts all its appropriative forces : 1st. internally, 
 from the blood of the individual ; 2d. externally, in foraging 
 for the benefit of the child, providing it with all necessaries 
 and comforts. The rudiments of the same organs exist in 
 the prostate gland and mammse of the male, the last being 
 subject to a possible development into active functions. 
 Dr. Gibson knows a negro man in Maryland who has 
 suckled several children at his breasts. It is familiarly 
 known that the male pigeon assists the female in feeding 
 their young with a milky secretion formed in the craw. 
 
 There are not wanting learned physiologists, who pretend 
 to account for all our organic functions by exosmos and en- 
 dosmos, infiltration of fluids — capillary attraction and me- 
 chanical powers ; who keep the nervous system out of sight, 
 and consider the soul as a sort of expletive, which may an- 
 swer very well for the metaphysicians and theologists to talk 
 about, but which has no business in the science of organic 
 matter, nor claim to be heard in medical colleges, or at the 
 clinical visit. 
 
 We have already alluded to the influence of anger, that sen- 
 sorial nervous state into which the organism is liable to be 
 thrown by abrupt opposition to any of its dominant passions 
 or actual movements. The passion of Ambition, thus sub- 
 
INFLUENCE OF THE PxVSSIONS ON SECRETION. 37 
 
 versively excited towards the destruction of its object, hab- 
 itually quickens the circulation, and operates in the blood a 
 change connected with the function of the liver, and when 
 too violent, has produced bilious Colics, Fever and Jaundice ; 
 — passional diseases, whose cure is effected by Chamomilla, 
 Nux Vomica, and Staphisagria, — their correspondent vege- 
 table types. 
 
 But it is in the organic sphere of Famillism, in the 
 Mammae or breasts, which prolong the connection of the 
 parent with the child, after the separation of the umbilical 
 cord, that we observe the most remarkable and frequent 
 influence of the passions upon animal secretions. I quote 
 from Dr. Carpenter, who is classic authority in the medical 
 world. It is because the child is a more delicate organism, 
 that such effects are more frequently observed in it, even 
 from the indirect action of its nurse's passions. 
 
 " 425. That many of the Organic Functions, are directly 
 influenced by the Nervous System, is a matter which does 
 not admit of dispute ; and this influence, exerted sometimes 
 in exciting, sometimes in checking, and sometimes in other- 
 wise modifying them, may well be compared to that which 
 the hand and heel of the rider have upon his horse, or the 
 engine-driver exerts over a locomotive. It is most remark- 
 ably manifested in the result of severe injury of the nervous 
 centres, — such as concussion of the brain, or of the solar 
 plexus ; for this does not produce merely a supension of the 
 respiratory and other movements which minister to the 
 organic functions and hence a gradual stagnation of the lat- 
 ter, — but a sudden and complete cessation of the whole 
 train of action, which cannot be attributed to any other 
 cause, than a positive depressing influence of some kind, 
 
38 NERVOUS INFLUENCE ON ORGANIC FUNCTIONS. 
 
 propagated through the nervous system. It will hereafter 
 appear that in such cases even the vitality of the blood is 
 often affected ; the usual coagulation not taking place after 
 death, so long, at least, as it remains within the vessels. A 
 similar general depression may result from Mental Emotion, 
 operating through the same channel ; but this more com- 
 monly has rather a local action, or operates more gradually. 
 The influence of the Nervous System is often especially ex- 
 erted in giving temporary excitement to a secreting process, 
 which need not be kept in constant activity, or of which 
 circumstances may occasionally require an increase. This 
 is the case, for example, in regard to the secretions con- 
 nected with the process of digestion, — the Saliva, Gastric 
 fluid, Bile, Pancreatic fluid, &c. ; all of these being excited 
 by the contact of the substances on which they act, with the 
 surfaces on which their respective ducts open. The secre- 
 tion of Milk, again, in a nursing female, may be excited by 
 irritation of the nipple ; and the determination of blood to 
 the Mammse during pregnancy must be due to increased ac- 
 tion in the part, excited by the changes occurring in the 
 uterus, which can scarcely operate otherwise than through 
 the Nervous System. No other channel of influence can 
 be well imagined for most of these operations, than the 
 Sympathetic system ; since the organs in question are for 
 the most part supplied by it. There is an apparent excep- 
 tion, however, in the case of the salivary glands, which are 
 supplied by the Fifth pair : but this nerve contains so many 
 organic filaments, and is so intimately connected with the 
 Sympathetic, as evidently to supply (in the head) the place 
 of a separate ganglionic system. It is by nervous influence 
 that the mucous secretion covering the membranes is caused 
 to be regularly formed for their protection ; for it is shown; 
 
STATE OF THE SOUL INFLUENCE SECRETIONS. 39 
 
 by pathological facts that when this influence is interrupted 
 the secretion is no longer supplied, and the membrane, 
 losing its protection, is irritated by the air or the fluids with 
 which it may be in contact, and passes into an inflammatory 
 condition. This is the explanation of the fact which has 
 been well ascertained, that the eye is liable to suppurate 
 when the Fifth pair has been divided ; and that the mu- 
 cous membrane of the bladder becomes diseased in Para- 
 plegia. 
 
 " 426. The influence of particular conditions of the mind 
 in exciting various secretions, is a matter of daily expe- 
 rience. The flow of Saliva, for example, is stimulated by 
 the idea of food, especially that of a savoury character. 
 The Lachrymal secretion, again, which is continually being 
 formed, to a small extent, for the purpose of bathing the 
 surface of the eye, is poured out in great abundance under 
 the moderate exitement of the emotions either of joy, ten- 
 derness, or grief. It is checked, however, by violent emo- 
 tions ; hence in intense grief the tears do not flow. It is a 
 well-known proof of moderated sorrow, when this takes 
 place ; tears, however, do not bring relief, as is commonly 
 believed, but they indicate that it has been brought. Vio- 
 lent emotion may also suspend the salivary secretion ; as is 
 shown by the well-known test often resorted to in India for 
 the discovery of a thief amongst the servants of a family, — 
 that of compelling all the parties to hold a certain quantity 
 of rice in the mouth during a few minutes, — the offender 
 being generally distinguished by the comparative dryness 
 of his mouthful at the end of the experiment. The influ- 
 ence of the emotion of love of offspring, in increasing the 
 secretion of milk, is well known. The formation of this 
 fluid is continually going on during the period of lactation ; 
 
40 SOUL ACTS ON BREAST, STOMACH, SKIN, TESTES. 
 
 but it is greatly increased by the sight of the infant, or even 
 by the thought of him, especially when associated with the 
 idea of suckling ; this gives rise to the sudden rush of blood 
 to the gland, which is known by nurses as the draught, and 
 which occasions a greatly-increased secretion. The strong 
 desire to furnish milk, together with the irritation of the 
 gland through the nipple, have often been effectual in 
 producing the secretion in girls, old women, and even in 
 men. The quantity of the gastric secretion is increased by 
 exhilaration, at least if we may judge from the increase of 
 the digestive powers under such circumstances. Freedom 
 from mental anxiety favors the secretion of fat ; whilst con- 
 tinual solicitude effectually checks the deposition. It has 
 been stated that total despair has an equal tendency with 
 absence of care, to produce this effect ; persons left long to 
 pine in condemned cells, without a shadow of hope, fre- 
 quently becoming remarkably fat, in spite of their slender 
 fare. The odoriferous secretion of the skin, which must be 
 more powerful in some individuals than in others, is increased 
 under the influence of certain mental emotions (as fear or 
 bashfulness), and commonly also by sexual desire. The 
 sexual secretions themselves are strongly influenced by the 
 condition of the mind. When it is frequently and strongly 
 directed towards objects of passion, the secretions are in- 
 creased in amount, to a degree which may cause them to be 
 a very injurious drain on the powers of the sytem. On the 
 other hand, the active employment of the mental powers on 
 other objects has a tendency to render less active, or even 
 to check altogether, the processes by which these are elab- 
 orated." # 
 
 * True, in some cases for a time ; but on the other hand, from the 
 
INFANTILE ORGANISM, A DELICATE TEST. 41 
 
 %c 427. No secretion so evidently exhibits the influence of 
 the depressing emotions as that of the Mammse ; but this 
 may be partly due to the fact, that the digestive system of 
 the Infant is a more delicate apparatus for testing the qua- 
 lities of that secretion than any which the Chemist can de- 
 vise ; affording proof, by disorder of its function, of changes 
 in the character of the milk, which no examination of its 
 physical properties could detect. The following remarks 
 on this subject are abridged from Sir A. Cooper's valuable 
 work on the Breast. 4 The secretion of milk proceeds best 
 in a tranquil state of mind, and with a cheerful temper , 
 then the milk is regularly abundant, and agrees well with 
 the child. On the contrary, a fretful temper lessens the 
 quantity of milk, makes it thin and serous, and causes it to 
 disturb the child's bowels, producing intestinal fever and 
 much griping. Fits of anger produce a very irritating milk, 
 followed by griping in the infant, with green stools. Grief 
 has a great influence on lactation, and consequently upon 
 the child. The loss of a near and dear relation, or a change 
 of fortune, will often so much diminish the secretion of milk, 
 as to render adventitious aid necessary for the support of 
 the child. Anxiety of mind diminishes the quantity, and 
 alters the quality of the milk. The reception of a letter 
 which leaves the mind in anxious suspense, lessens the 
 
 very fact that the intellectual brain and the testes are the opposite 
 poles of the organism, we are prepared to expect what actually oc- 
 curs, — that excitement of the intellect generates an alternant ac- 
 tivity in the genesic sphere, by which, when normally satisfied, 
 the organism regains its equilibrium ; while excessive, continuous 
 action of the brain without this counterpoise, exposes the genesic 
 system to the grayest disorders and destructive losses. — Vide Lal- 
 lemand "Pertes Seminales," or my own work on " Seminal Losses." 
 
42 SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PASSIONS. 
 
 draught, and the breast becomes empty. If the child be 
 ill, and the mother is anxious respecting it, she complains 
 to her medical attendant that she has little milk, and that 
 her infant is griped, and has frequent green and frothy mo- 
 tions. Fear has a powerful influence on the secretion of 
 milk. I am informed by a medical man who practises much 
 among the poor, that the apprehension of the brutal conduct 
 of a drunken husband, will put a stop for a time to the se- \ 
 cretion of milk. When this happens, the breast feels 
 knotted and hard, flaccid from the absence of milk ; and that 
 which is secreted is highly irritating, and some time elapses 
 before a healthy secretion returns. Terror , which is sud- 
 den and great fear, instantly stops this secretion.' Of this, 
 two striking instances, in which the secretion, although pre- 
 viously abundant, was completely arrested by this emotion, 
 are detailed by Sir A. C. 4 Those passions which are gen- 
 erally sources of pleasure, and which, when moderately in- 
 dulged, are conducive to health, will, when carried to excess, 
 alter, and even entirely check the secretion of milk.' 
 
 u 428. The following is perhaps the most remarkable in- 
 stance on record, of the effect of strong mental excitement 
 on the mammary secretion ; the event could hardly be re- 
 garded as more than a simple coincidence, if it were not 
 borne out by the less striking but equally decisive facts al- 
 ready mentioned. ' A carpenter fell into a quarrel with a 
 soldier billeted in his house, and was set upon by the latter 
 with his drawn sword. The wife of the carpenter at first 
 trembled from fear and terror, and then suddenly threw her- 
 self furiously between the combatants, wrested the sword 
 from the soldier's hand, broke it in pieces, and threw it 
 away. During the tumult, some neighbors came in and 
 separated the men. While in this state of strong excite- 
 
WARNING TO MOTHERS. 43 
 
 ment, the mother took up her child from the cradle, where 
 jit lay playing, and in the most perfect state of health, never 
 •having had a moment's illness ; she gave it the breast, and 
 in so doing sealed its fate. In a few minutes the infant left 
 off sucking, became restless, panted, and sank dead upon its 
 mother's bosom. The physician, who was instantly called 
 in, found the child lying in the cradle as if asleep, and with 
 its features undisturbed ; but all his resources were fruitless. 
 'It was irrecoverably gone.' # In this interesting case, the 
 milk must have undergone a change, which gave it a power- 
 ful sedative action upon the susceptible nervous system of 
 the infant. The following, which recently occurred within 
 the Author's own knowledge, is perhaps equally valuable to 
 the Physiologist as an example of the similarly-fatal influ- 
 ence of undue emotion of a different character ; and both 
 should serve as a salutary warning to mothers, not to indulge 
 either in the exciting or depressing passions. A lady hav- 
 ing several children, of which none had manifested any par- 
 te * Dr. Von Amnion, in his treatise " Die ersten Mutterpflichten 
 und die erste Kindespflege," quoted in Dr. A. Combe's excellent 
 little work on the Management of Infancy. Similar facts are re- 
 corded by other writers. Mr. Wardrop mentions, (Lancet, No. 516,) 
 that having removed a small tumor from behind the ear of a 
 mother, all went well until she fell into a violent passion ; and the 
 child, being suckled soon afterwards, died in convulsions. He was 
 sent for hastily to see another child in convulsions, after taking the 
 breast of a nurse who had just been severely reprimanded ; and he 
 was informed by Sir Richard Croft, that he had seen many similar 
 i instances. There are others recorded by Burdach, (Physiologie, 
 \ § 522) ; in one of them, the infant was seized with convulsions on 
 the right side, and hemiplegia on the left, on sucking immediately 
 | after its mother had met with some distressing occurrence. An- 
 | other case was that of a puppy, which was seized with epilepsy, on 
 sucking its mother after a fit of rage." 
 
44 BROODING OVER EVIL POISONS THE MILK. 
 
 ticular tendency to cerebral disease, and of which the young- 
 est was a healthy infant a few months old, heard of the 
 death (from acute hydrocephalus) of the infant child of a 
 friend residing at a distance, with whom she had been on 
 terms of close intimacy, and whose family had increased 
 almost contemporaneously with her own. The circumstance 
 naturally made a strong impression on her mind ; and she 
 dwelt upon it the more, perhaps, as she happened, at that 
 period, to be separated from the rest of her family, and to 
 be much alone with her babe. One morning, shortly after 
 having nursed it, she laid the infant in its cradle, asleep and 
 apparently in perfect health ; her attention was shortly at- 
 tracted to it by a noise ; and, on going to the cradle, she 
 found her infant in a convulsion, which lasted for a few mo- 
 ments and then left it dead. Now, although the influence 
 of the mental emotion is less unequivocally displayed in this 
 case, than in the last, it can scarcely be a matter of doubt ; 
 since it is natural that no feeling should be stronger in the 
 mother's mind under such circumstances, than the fear that 
 her own beloved child should be taken from her, as that of 
 her friend had been ; and it is probable that she had been 
 particularly dwelling on it at the time of nursing the infant 
 on that morning. v 
 
 "429. Other secretions are in like manner vitiated by 
 mental emotions, although the influence is not always so 
 manifest. Thus, the halitus from the lungs is sometimes 
 almost instantaneously affected by bad news, so as to pro- 
 duce foetid breath. A copious secretion of foetid gas some- 
 times takes place in the intestinal canal, under the influence 
 of any disturbing emotion ; or the usual fluid secretions 
 from its walls are similarly disordered. The tendency to 
 defecation which is commoniy excited under such circum- 
 
BONES BROKEN BY FRIGHT DURING GESTATION. 45 
 
 stances, is not, therefore, due simply to the relaxation of the 
 sphincter ani (as commonly supposed), but is partly depen- 
 dent on the unusually stimulating character of the faeces 
 j themselves. The same may be said of the tendency to void 
 the urine, which is experienced under similar conditions; 
 the change in its character becomes perceptible enough 
 among many animals, in which it acquires a powerfully dis- 
 agreeable odor under the influence of fear, and thus answers 
 the purpose which is effected in others by a peculiar secre- 
 tion. It is a prevalent, and not an ill-founded opinion, that 
 melancholy and jealousy have a tendency to increase the 
 quantity, and to vitiate the quality, of the biliary fluid ; 
 perhaps the disorder of the organic function is more com- 
 . monly the source of the former emotion than its conse- 
 quence ; but it is certain that indulgence of these feelings 
 . has a decidedly morbific effect, by disordering the digestive 
 . processes ; and thus reacts upon the nervous system by im- 
 pairing its healthy nutrition. 
 
 " 768 Among facts of this class, there is, perhaps, 
 
 , none more striking than that quoted by the same author from 
 
 I Baron Percy, as having occurred after the siege of Landau 
 
 j in 1793. In addition to a violent cannonading, which kept 
 
 the women for some time in a constant state of alarm, the 
 
 arsenal blew up with a terrific explosion, which few could 
 
 ; hear with unshaken nerves. Out of 92 children born in 
 
 '• that district within a few months afterwards, Baron Percy 
 
 states that 16 died at the instant of birth ; 33 languished 
 
 for from 8 to 10 months, and then died ; 8 became idiotic, 
 
 and died before the age of 5 years ; and two came into the 
 
 world with numerous fractures of the bones of the limbs, 
 
 caused by the cannonading and explosion. Here, then, is a 
 
 total of 59 children out of 92, or within a trifle of 2 out of 
 
46 PHYSIOGNOMY OF FAMILISM. 
 
 every 3, actually killed through the medium of the mother's 
 alarm, and the natural consequences upon her own organi- 
 zation, — an experiment (for such it is to the physiologist) 
 upon too large a scale for its results to be set down as mere 
 coincidences." 
 
 The physiognomical expression of Familism has been 
 located about the mouth and teeth ; the length and breadth 
 of the second pair of lower incisors indicating the Fraternal 
 and Sisterly Affections, and those of the second upper inci- 
 sors the Filial Affections. These harmonize perfectly with 
 the proximate signs of Friendship, of which they are really 
 developments. 
 
 The Corresponding Cerebral functions are assigned by 
 Phrenology to the Occiput, under the head of Philo-Pro- 
 genitiveness. (Frontal sphere contiguous to Love. Dr. B.) 
 
 The related spheres of the lateral and frontal brain are 
 those of Caution, Foresight, Acquisitiveness and Secretive- 
 ness, the two last of which connect it with Ambition in its 
 providence for the young generation. 
 
 We repeat here that no exclusive relation exists between 
 any of these cardinal or social passions and the instinctual 
 and intellectual faculties of the lateral, vertical and frontal 
 brain ; which constitute the pivotal sphere of expression for 
 the group, and mediate between the Passions internally and 
 the senses and limbs externally, whose motions they direct 
 in the service of the dominant passions. 
 
 The Social Passions, combinedly, have the heart or cen- 
 tre of the circulation for organic Pivot, as among the fluids, 
 the blood, and in the brain the site assigned to the organ 
 of Conscience. They are all subject to transcendant states 
 of emotion, as they combine themselves in action with frontal 
 
SUPERPOSITION OF THE INTELLECTUAL ORGANS. 47 
 
 i and antero lateral cerebrum where Phrenology locates the 
 imaginative faculties — Ideality, Romance, Immortality, Po- 
 etry, and Wonder. Those parts of the brain which are 
 
 I not concerned in what we usually design as intellectual 
 functions, are the seats of instincts, corresponding to the 
 different passional spheres and guiding them towards their 
 
 i objects in the limited career of self-preservation or indi- 
 vidual destiny. 
 
 1 In ratio as the being's destiny becomes more composite 
 
 • and interwoven with that of numbers, in those collective and 
 
 i hierarchical unities determined by Friendship and Ambition 
 in their higher developments ; the cerebral organization of 
 these instincts develops into the frontal lobes of the brain, 
 
 | whose functions are those of pure Intellect, and are convers- 
 ant indifferently with questions of individual or collective 
 destinies, with those which immediately concern our interests, 
 or with those more remote and abstract in the different 
 branches of science, literature and art. 
 
 THE FIRST PASSIONAL SPHERE OF MAN, IN ITS PRACTICAL 
 
 ASPECT, 
 
 Comprises Four Social Attractions^ relating Man to his 
 Fellow- Creatures. 
 
 Function. — Generation of sympathies. 
 
 Tendency. — To Social Harmonies and formation of groups. 
 
 Ends of Attainment. 
 
 Direct and Composite. — Co- Inverse and Simple. — Oppo- 
 operation with God as lie is ma- sition to God by enmity and 
 nifested in passional creatures, antagonism towards our pas- 
 identical or co-ordinate with sional fellow-creatures, 
 man. 
 
48 
 
 ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL AFFECTIONS 
 
 Ends of Attainment. 
 
 Direct and Composite — Ful- 
 filment of God's adaptations to 
 our social well-being by attain- 
 ment of spiritual health and 
 passional development, with re- 
 finement of sentiment, the con- 
 dition of enjoying social har- 
 monies. Unity of man with 
 man, and nation with nation, or 
 Harmonic Solidarity of the 
 race : Formation of the Com- 
 bined Order and development 
 of Integral or social souls. 
 
 Inverse and Simple. — Per- 
 vention of God's adaptations to 
 our social well-being by moral 
 disease and passional starvation 
 or perversion of passions, or 
 the prevalence of hostility and 
 treachery between nations, 
 classses and individuals during 
 the reign of incoherence and 
 general poverty, which render 
 barbarous nations a generation 
 of tigers, and civilized nations 
 " a generation of vipers." 
 
 Tone of Sentiment. 
 Direct and Composite. —Good Inverse and Simple. — Gen- 
 
 will to man and co-operative eral distrust and ruinous sep- 
 Unity. aration. 
 
 Concomitant Results. 
 
 Direct and Composite. — So- Inverse and Simple. — Social 
 
 cial harmony and passional hell ; passional conflict and 
 happiness. starvation. 
 
 Affection is a Series of Four Branches. 
 
 AMBITION. 
 
 Comprising impulsions of Self- 
 Esteem, of Firmness, of Ac- 
 quisitiveness : transition to 
 Friendship by Approbative- 
 ness ; transition to Familism 
 through Veneration ; to the 
 Intellect through scheming ; 
 to Cabalism through in- 
 trigues of sect or party ; to 
 Corporate enthusiasm by the 
 pride of force ; to Alternation 
 by expediency ; — allies spe- 
 cifically with the sense of 
 Sight. 
 
 Spiritual, by league of glory ; 
 Material, by league of interest. 
 
 FRIENDSHIP 
 
 Comprising adhesiveness : tran- 
 sition through Benevolence to 
 Love, through Approbative- 
 ness to Ambition, to the 
 Intellect through Truthful- 
 ness; to Cabalism by partisan 
 fidelity ; to Corporate enthu- 
 siasm by Faith ; to Alterna- 
 tion by Adaptiveness, — allies 
 specificallv with the sense of 
 Taste. 
 
 Vide Social Region of the 
 
 Phrenologists. 
 
 Spiritual, by sympathy of 
 character ; Material, by sym- 
 pathy of pursuit. 
 
WHICH RELATE MAN TO HIS FELLOW-CREATURES. 49 
 
 AMBITION. 
 
 Function. — Establishes dis- 
 tinctions of rank or grades ac- 
 cording to capacities, talents, 
 services, experience, &c. 
 
 Tendency. — To elevation or 
 higher attainment of luxuries, 
 honors, spiritual graces, for the 
 individual and for the race, To 
 Distribution of profits by div- 
 idends co-ordinated to the three 
 terms of creative force — Labor, 
 the active or moving ; Capital, 
 the passive or moved ; and Skill, 
 the neuter or mathematical ; 
 and to the three classes of la- 
 bor— -of Necessity, of Utility, 
 and of Pleasure. Reward of 
 useful inventions or discoveries, 
 by magnificent premiums and 
 public honors ; hierarchical re- 
 cognition of spiritual suprem- 
 acy in every sphere of social 
 life. 
 
 Tone. — Aspiration or Acqui- 
 sition. 
 
 Ends of Attainment : — 
 
 Direct. — Order in church and 
 state in strict ratio of abilities, 
 and based on free election by 
 intelligent voters directly con- 
 versant with the candidates. 
 Conciliation of liberty with or- 
 der, and security of highest 
 general interest, by providing 
 for each individual the place to 
 which his talents and capacities 
 entitle him. 
 
 Inverse. — Despotisms, conspir- 
 acies, political and ecclesiasti- 
 cal convulsions ; wars, with 
 their attendant evils ; indus- 
 trial and commercial monop- 
 olies, and oppression of weaker 
 by more powerful classes. Im- 
 position by demagogues and 
 quacks of all professions. Sa- 
 crifice of public to individual 
 
 FRIENDSHIP. 
 
 Function. — Establishes kind- 
 ly relations without regard to 
 age, sex, or condition. 
 
 Tendency. — From individual 
 sympathy to universal philan- 
 thropy, political and social 
 equality. To guarantee of an 
 integral minimum, or necessa- 
 ries and enjoyments of life to 
 all indiscriminately. To col- 
 lective adoption and provision 
 for children, giving them with- 
 out regard to fortune, the most 
 complete practical education 
 which their capacities of mind 
 and body and individual genius 
 permit. To public festivals. 
 
 To the Corporations of the 
 Little Hordes and of the Fa- 
 quirate. Vide " Universal 
 Unity," and (i New Industrial 
 World." 
 
 Tone. — Cordiality. 
 
 Ends of Attainment : — 
 Direct. — Attractive industry 
 of social groups. Equilibrium 
 with Ambition and absorption of 
 jealousies. Ennobling of occu- 
 pations otherwise trivial or re- 
 pugnant, by the sentiment of 
 serving a friend. Substitution 
 of the sentiment of collective 
 brotherhood, for that of selfish 
 individualism, the parent of sin 
 and incoherence. 
 
 Inverse. — Simple suppression. 
 It is unknown to most men, and 
 its existence is by many denied ; 
 Friendship being considered 
 merely as a pretext for making 
 use of people by flattering their 
 vanity, or as a mask for love 
 intrigues, or as an accidental 
 tie of common pursuits and 
 partnership interests. Its vo- 
 
50 
 
 ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL AFFECTIONS 
 
 AMBITION. 
 
 FRIENDSHIP. 
 
 Ends of Attainment. 
 
 interests, and oppression of the 
 mass by the few possessed of 
 stronges tselfishness, talent for 
 intrigue and ruthless thirst for 
 power. 
 
 LOVE. 
 
 Comprising Amativeness, tran- 
 sition to Familism through 
 Adhesiveness ; to Friendship 
 through Benevolence ; to Am- 
 bition through Reverence and 
 Aspiration, and to the Intel- 
 lect through Ideality : to Ca- 
 balism by elective affinity ; 
 to Enthusiasm by mysticism ; 
 To Alternation by his wings 
 and obstinate blindness : — 
 specially allied with the sense 
 of Touch. 
 
 . v , 
 
 Spiritual ; 
 Material or sensual. 
 
 Function. — Unites male and 
 female according to specific af- 
 finities of temperament, charac- 
 ter and age. 
 
 1 Tendency. — To institutions 
 which vary in each social pe- 
 riod, as concubinage, marriage, 
 monogamy, polygamy, &c. 
 
 Tone. — Mutual absorption. 
 
 Ends of Attainment : — 
 
 Direct. — To make the details 
 
 of life charming and sacred by 
 
 embracing in our own another 
 
 dearer life in life, unfolding to 
 
 taries compose the class of 
 warm-hearted dupes, absurd 
 enough to lend their money, 
 and to keep their teeth on 
 edge because their neighbors 
 eat sour grapes. 
 
 FAMILISM. 
 
 Comprising Philo-Progenitive- 
 ness, transition to Friendship 
 through Adhesiveness, to Am- 
 bition through Veneration, 
 to Love through Cousins; 
 and to the Intellect through 
 Prevision : to Cabalism by 
 household interest ; to Cor- 
 porate enthusiasm by Patri- 
 archal festivals ; to Alterna- 
 tion and Friendship com- 
 bined, by adoption. 
 
 Spiritual, by consanguinity 
 of character ; Material, by bond 
 of the household. 
 
 Function. — Secures protec- 
 tion, spiritual and material, to 
 children from parents ; service 
 and veneration between rela- 
 tives, and reciprocal sympathy. 
 
 Tendency. — To institutions 
 which vary with social periods 
 and with the degree of indus- 
 trial combination and general 
 confidence to which men have 
 attained. 
 
 Tone. — Condescension, Ven- 
 eration, and critical benev- 
 olence. 
 
 Ends of Attainment : — 
 
 Direct. — To cement by closer 
 and warmer ties, those already 
 sympathizing in character and 
 pursuit, and to conciliate those 
 
WHICH RELATE MAN TO HIS FELLOW-CREATURES. 51 
 
 FAMILISM. 
 
 Ends of Attainment. 
 
 us the hitherto concealed mys- 
 teries of creation whose key lies 
 in our own being. Inspiration 
 of chivalrous enthusiasm in the 
 industrial armies. 
 
 Inverse. — Prevention of its 
 spiritual development. 
 
 1st. By disciplines, which 
 instead of assisting nature, dis- 
 tort and suppress its evolution, 
 thus rendering its true type 
 of character irrecognizable, 
 preclude the sympathies cal- 
 culated upon that type by the 
 Arbiter of attraction. 
 
 2d. By the isolation, estrange- 
 ment, or opposition in pursuit 
 and interest, class of society, &c. 
 of those essentially sympathetic 
 in character. Partial preven- 
 tion by these causes, where one 
 party, seeing the good and feel- 
 ing the attraction, yet unable 
 to obtain sympathy, finds life 
 embittered and desolated by 
 misunderstanding and disap- 
 pointment in the ratio of the 
 blessing lost. Premature with- 
 ering of love from privation of 
 its natural sphere of beauty, 
 in the dwellings of the poor, 
 where everything offends the 
 senses, and amongst wealthy 
 and fashionable classes, from 
 the hollowness of their lives, 
 wasted in trivial dissipations 
 and sensual excesses. Doubling 
 of the ills of life among the poor 
 of civilization by sympathetic 
 recoil of each other's sufferings. 
 
 not thus sympathetic, at fam- 
 ily meetings and festivals, thro' 
 the catalytic mediation of those 
 loved and reverenced by both 
 parties . 
 
 Inverse. — Concentration of 
 selfishness in the isolated house- 
 hold, the basis of social inco- 
 herence, whose prayer is, " Lord 
 bless me and my wife, my son 
 John and daughter Sal, us four 
 and no more." Affliction, by sym- 
 pathetic recoil, to the suffering 
 poor, who see their children 
 sicken and prematurely die from 
 privation of wholesome air and 
 food, and the comforts and plea- 
 sures natural to their age, while 
 forced to enslave them to the 
 cart of the coal-shaft or the 
 wheel of the cotton factory. 
 Annoyance to the parent, and 
 embittering of life to the child 
 of richer classes, by necessity 
 of using arbitrary restraint and 
 compulsion in the absence of 
 the serial mechanism of practi- 
 cal education through the em- 
 ulations of successive ages. 
 
 Inversion of the natural tone of 
 affectionate condescension from, 
 parent to child, rendering the 
 former a tyrant, the latter a 
 rebel. Aversion and internal 
 strife, — all the more bitter for 
 being concealed from the world* 
 the frequent consequence of 
 compulsory approximation in 
 the household, without sympa- 
 thy of character or of pursuit. 
 
 Unity. Pivotal attraction of the Soul or collective voice 
 of Sensation, Affection, and Intelligence ; as in their full 
 
52 RELATION OF CONSCIOUS WITH ORGANIC LIFE. 
 
 development and perfect equilibrium, they aspire to Har- 
 mony, fulfill Duty, and unite man with God.* 
 
 ORGANIC REFRACTION. 
 
 " There is no great and no small 
 To the Soul that maketh all ; 
 For where it conieth all things are, 
 And it cometh everywhere." 
 
 Life is the sum and measured series formed by three col- 
 lective branches of attraction, the Sensitive, Affective, and 
 Distributive, which place man in external relations with 
 Material nature, with the Passional life of his own or other 
 races, and with the Arbitral principles of Analysis, Synthe- 
 sis, and Alternation, by which all harmonies of movement 
 are distributed in their series. 
 
 But this conscious life with its attractions, is the develop- 
 ment of an internal, organic, and physical life known to us 
 only through its results, which, though bound in the same 
 frame and in the parallelism of well or ill-being from the 
 cradle to the grave, yet never comes within the sphere of 
 our consciousness, otherwise than by the diffusion of the 
 sense of touch in an obscure degree through tissues which 
 thus communicate the sense of their general health and 
 vigor, or their disease in the varieties of pain and depression. 
 
 * The elaboration of this tabular view in the incarnation or or- 
 ganization of the social passions in society and its institutions, does 
 not fall within the compass of this little book. Those who wish to 
 peruse it may refer to "The Trinity," "The Incarnation," and 
 other sections of my " Solar Ray," and to translations from Consid- 
 erant's " Social Destiny," also to " Love vs. Marriage." 
 
PASSIONAL REFRACTION IN MINERALS. 53 
 
 This Organic life, which must precede the Sensitive and 
 Affective in the order of time, is nevertheless, a reflection 
 of them. The apparent paradox will be explained by the 
 analogical relation of the root of the tree to its branches. 
 From the appearance of the branches in the air, we may 
 infer the form of the root under ground, in which the same 
 type is observed, whether the pivoting tap root of the bare 
 straight pine, or the peripheral extension of the spreading 
 oak ; both yielding an obscure and rudimental reflection of 
 the aborescence above. Thus are the branches of the pas- 
 sional tree reflected in the organic and physical life. There 
 is a special refraction of the passional principles in each 
 kingdom, as the Solar ray permeates from degree to degree 
 through the spiritual, animal, vegetable and mineral forms 
 of existence, more and more deflected or modified in its mani- 
 festation as the medium it enters is denser and cruder. # 
 
 We observe a fore typing of Friendship, and of Love, in 
 the different specific affinities of basic elements in compounds 
 called ides or urets, and of bases with acids forming the ates 
 and ites. 
 
 The mineral families are well known to chemists, such as 
 the chlorine group, chlorine, iodine, bromine, fluorine, and 
 so forth ; and those based on simple contiguity, to the mine- 
 ralogist, who discovers veins of ore by the presence of other 
 minerals not always possessing either affinity of character, 
 or tendency to combine, with the metal in their neighbor- 
 hood. 
 
 Ambition, considered as the source of order and degrees, 
 is manifested in the regularity of atomic and crystalline com- 
 
 * The refraction of the soul and its passions, in plant, bird and 
 ueast, is shown in my " Vegetable and Animal Characters, or Al- 
 legorical Portraits of Nature." (Fowlers & Wells.) f 
 
54 PASSIONAL REFRACTION IN PLANTS 
 
 binations ; in the catalytic influences by which bodies oper- 
 ate changes by their simple presence, and without com- 
 bining with others, as in the conversion of cane into grape 
 sugar by the presence of sulphuric acid ; in the hierarchy 
 of the acids from carbonic to sulphuric ; and in the upward 
 striving of the atom, in the successive combinations which 
 lead it from mineral to vegetable, and from vegetable to ani- 
 mal life ; whilst through all those varied and contrasted 
 combinations, it ever co-operates, either blindly or wittingly, 
 incoherently or in composite order, in its analysis or its syn- 
 thesis, with the Arbiter of attraction, in a sphere predeter- 
 mined towards universal Unity in the harmonies of creation. 
 
 In the vegetable kingdom, Friendship, the presiding influ- 
 ence in the industrial groups of the Phalanx, and the dom- 
 inant passion of childhood ; rules in the sphere of the leaf, 
 where it organizes the free Series, indeterminate as to num- 
 bers ; having no pivotal group, and preserving simply the 
 arborescent tope of distribution. Here, as in the indus- 
 trial groups of the Phalanx, the ivork is performed ; — the 
 respiration, the digestion and assimilation, the commerce 
 with external nature through which the life of the tree is 
 continued and enlarged, and here reigns the principle of 
 equality. 
 
 Now May brings on her balmy wing a subtler essence. 
 Love pervades the plant, opening sweet buds and blushing 
 flowers, and within the bridal sanctuary of their luxuriant 
 petals, clasps in its charm the sexes of the plant, while all 
 the fragrant air betrays then' secret. 
 
 Next in the summer of Ambition, we find strength, devel- 
 opment, order ; the skeleton frame of the wood grows firm 
 and dense ; the bark in its several layers with sap vessels 
 ascending and descending, and glands, are now distinguished. 
 
HARMONIZED WITH SEASONS OF SOLAR YEAR. 55 
 
 To each series of root, branch, bark, leaf, flower, and fruit ; 
 its appropriate function, its respective rank, its position in 
 the grand parade at purple morn, or golden sunset, or the 
 noon-tide glow. 
 
 " In Autumn shines God's bounty unconfined, 
 And spreads a common feast for all that lives." 
 
 Faces of rosy children now laugh among the apples and 
 upon the nut trees, and gather in their baskets the legacy 
 of the year. Leaves have worked and flowers bloomed, 
 order has brought success and crowned itself with wealth, 
 and life now passes into the seed of a new generation. This 
 is the reign of Familism. 
 
 The distributive principle of Analysis has presided over 
 mechanical and functional distribution, over secretion in the 
 major mode of absorption, and the minor mode of elimina- 
 tion in the several departments ; absorbent, secernent, cir- 
 culating or excretory ; in the common function of a leaf, 
 flower, or fruit group. 
 
 The alternating principle has determined the successive 
 changes in which unity and integral development has been 
 evolved from transitions in the function and position of each 
 ultimate molecule as it follows still the stronger affinity. 
 The whole excretory sphere of functions is a sequence on 
 its action. Unity has combined all in an integral life, from 
 which they issue and into which they tend. 
 
 These principles in the animal organism recognized by 
 Physiology and Phrenology, have classified the structures 
 adapted to the conscious functional attractions of the soul. 
 
 The distributive principles maintain here, in a wider 
 sphere and intenser action, the same orders of functions as 
 
56 PASSIONAL ARITHMETIC. 
 
 in the vegetable. The alternating is more sensibly devel- 
 oped in the periodicity of motions. 
 
 The cardinal passions determine in the organic economy, 
 as in the social industry of the combined order, two modes : 
 the major, which tends to increased production, social or in- 
 dividual nutrition and integral development ; and the minor 
 mode, which tends to donation, division or elimination, and 
 to the reproduction of the species. Incoherent societies are 
 characterized by prevalence of the minor mathematical prin- 
 ciples of subtraction or division ; the minor modes of indus- 
 try, gain by donation as in marriage or inheritance, or by 
 the loss of others, as in the exchange of false commerce, 
 which, without adding anything to the general wealth, takes 
 from producer and consumer : by the minor passional prin- 
 ciples, the sexual and familism : by deterioration of the in- 
 dividual, and excessive pullulation. In the individual or- 
 ganism, during this period, the occiput and the pelvic region 
 obtain a disproportionate activity ; the animal nature dom- 
 inates over the moral and intellectual, and irritations of the 
 reproductive apparatus convert for numbers the brightest 
 and freshest years of youth into such wretchedness, that the 
 hideous cruelty of that Sicilian king who chained his living 
 captives to dead corpses, were a luxury, compared with the 
 conscious death within them. 
 
 The major principles, Friendship and Ambition, presiding 
 over productive industry and development, whose laws are 
 addition and multiplication, determine in the organism the 
 functions of nutrition and circulation, and rule in the major 
 organic industry of the lungs, heart, stomach, and digestive 
 organs, located in the thorax and upper abdomen, together 
 with those portions of the cerebro spinal and ganglionic ner- 
 vous systems associated with them in function. 
 
INTERVENTION OF THE DISTRIBUTIVES. 57 
 
 The minor principles, Love and Familism, presiding over 
 the reproduction of the species, whose laws are subtraction 
 and division, determine in the organism the sexual and ma- 
 ternal functions, and rule in the minor organic industry of 
 the reproductive organs, contained in the inferior or pelvic 
 region, with the exception of the mammae, to which are as- 
 signed a position in the nobler or thoracic region ; typing 
 the dignity of the maternal functions and their specific adap- 
 tation to the highest feminine development. 
 
 The same distinction obtains within the organism as within 
 the society, between the affective and distributive spheres ; — 
 the distributive pervade all, they reside in the tissues, mu- 
 cous, serous, glandular, &c, of which the organs are com- 
 posed ; — the affective, in the integral life of the organs them- 
 selves. The Cabalist or Analytic determines alike in the 
 mucous follicle of the lung, or the mucous follicle of the 
 intestine, secretion ; but in the lung, an organ which places 
 man in relation with the aerial sphere, and over which Am- 
 bition presides, the secretion is of oxygen ; whilst in the 
 bowel, an organ which places man in relation with the 
 earth and its products, and over which Friendship presides,* 
 
 * In connection with this, we observe the sense of Taste, the 
 avenue of the digestive system, peculiarly associated with the pas- 
 sion of Friendship. The table is everywhere the altar of hospi- 
 tality, and the centre of friendly relations. Even where human 
 unity is most completely broken ; with all savage and barbarous, 
 as well as civilized nations ; amongst the Ishmaelites of the Arabian 
 desert, whose hand is against every man and every man's hand 
 against them ; — to eat together is a seal of good faith and of brother- 
 hood ; and there is no more melancholy sign of our social incoher- 
 ence, than the violation of this sentiment at the tables of our hotels 
 and boarding-houses, where strangers eat together without speak- 
 ing. A sacred instinct of nature establishes towards those we eat 
 
58 ALLIANCE OF FRIENDSHIP WITH TASTE. 
 
 the product is chyle. Thus the distributive principles sim- 
 ply characterize the processes of each passional group or 
 organ in its specific functions. 
 
 When we shall have discovered the classification of the 
 products of the natural kingdoms by the passional prin- 
 
 with, a claim of good will and mutual service. To gentle and sim- 
 ple, to the peasant or the lord, the student in his college rooms, or 
 the Indian in his tent ; the first thought that a friend or a stranger 
 suggests as he crosses the threshold of the homestead, is to get him 
 something to eat, and the best they have. It is true, that where 
 aristocratic notions prevail, Ambition embraces the table in its 
 sphere of etiquette, but not more than every other place of meet- 
 ing ; not more than in the simple act of passing through a door. 
 Its tone at the table is softened and absorbed in that of Friendship 
 if the company be happily assorted in other respects. The table, 
 and all departments of industry connected with it, in the kitchen, 
 the garden, &c. , will hardly be more elevated in the social order, 
 than those of other branches of domestic industry, of the loom or 
 the mechanic arts; and in the culinary industry as in others, 
 whether in reference to the internal constitution of the group or to 
 the impulse communicated to it by the attractions of the table, we 
 find Friendship, Sociality, the dominant principle. Clara likes to 
 make a syllabub or a dish of macaroons because they are favorites 
 among her friends of the rose bower or some other table groups ; 
 she may become quite distinguished in the fine arts of the kitchen, 
 may be chief of a series ; but that will be incidental. Friendship, 
 Sociality, and the charm of the function in itself, are the true 
 moving springs. 
 
 The sentiment of Friendship, and not that of Ambition, evidently 
 develops itself at the table. We can draw little inference as to 
 Ambition, from the mode in which hospitality is exercised, whether 
 one dish or twenty are set before us, whether simple or exquisitely 
 prepared. It is the sphere of sight which seems peculiarly to belong 
 to Ambition. It is in decorations, insignia, parade, badges, medals, 
 banners, that it asserts itself; from the robes of the monarch, the 
 uniform, epaulettes, crosses, of the general ; from the dress of the 
 
PRACTICAL EFFECTS. 59 
 
 ciples which preside over their creation, we shall by their 
 correspondence with the different organs of our souls and 
 bodies be enabled to discriminate without a groping empiric- 
 ism, the articles of food most conducive to the development 
 of each, and the medicine adapted to the cure of its diseases. 
 
 gentleman, the huckster, the convict, — that we infer at a glance 
 their respective rank in the social scale. The regal characteristic 
 of the Eagle is an eye that turns undazzled to the noonday Sun ; of 
 the lion and his brother potentates of the cat tribe, that their eyes 
 flash fire in the dark These, with the mane and the crested plume, 
 the majestic motion and the soaring flight ; afterwards the roar 
 and the piercing scream of their voices, are the sign of their rank 
 and sovereignty, and least of all what they feed upon or how they 
 eat it. Finally, we confess that without wishing to detract at all 
 from the importance of gastronomy, gastrosophy, and their allied 
 functions; nay, with all the sympathies of a gourmand for the 
 harmonies of the palate, we cannot allow to their relative develop- 
 ments in Harmony a rank which would justify their peculiar affilia- 
 tion with Ambition, and the petits pates of the Babylonian cam- 
 paign {Unite Universale, 4th vol.) have lain for several years past, 
 undigested in our stomach. 
 
 The more development we have of our affective and spiritual life, 
 the less we care about eating. The excitements of the table and 
 the pleasures of taste are a sort of pis alter, to which we are 
 driven like the drunkard for want of a higher life. The finest races 
 of the earth and the finest lives everywhere, are by no means those 
 in whom the sense of taste dominates, but whose eating is of the 
 simplest character. We shall certainly seek in Harmony a pure 
 and beautiful food ; we shall recognize as a legitimate and honor- 
 able sphere of industry all that is connected with it ; but the 
 higher harmonies of the other senses in the sphere of sound and 
 color and motion, with the fine arts which spring from their mar- 
 riage with the affective passions ; and the social diversions them- 
 selves, must, while they exalt and render composite the charm of 
 the table, absorb our present tendencies to gormandizing and can- 
 nibalism. 
 
60 
 
 LECTURE II. 
 
 SECOND SPHERE OF THE HUMAN SOUL AND 
 ORGANISM. 
 
 THE ANTERO-CEREBRAL OR INTELLECTUAL. 
 
 This sphere of the organism, as we observe in acephalous 
 foetuses, polypi, and some insects, is by no means indispens- 
 able to life, but only a development upon the visceral sphere 
 of organic nutrition, and passional influx. 
 
 Through the first sphere we obtain with the Sun and 
 earth the communion of Attraction ; our instinct wills are 
 preserved under the organic wisdom of the All-Father, and 
 in harmony with our maternal planet, the medium of his 
 influx. Place your hand upon your heart which throbs and 
 propels your blood through the longest life without one 
 minute's pause, except in rare cases of syncope. It is 
 the same whether you wake or sleep, conscious or uncon- 
 scious, willing or unwilling. So of the whole visceral or or- 
 ganic life, continually tending to preserve or restore health, 
 equilibrium, and internal harmony, which your silly intellect 
 and suicidal self-will so often disorders. It is the ark of 
 that power, wisdom and love, which has distributed planets, 
 elements, minerals, plants, animals and characters. 
 
 What an arrogant fallacy is the common idea that our 
 minds are greater than our bodies ! or that we are justified 
 in violating the organic laws of the body in order to gain 
 knowledge at our miserable schools ? 
 
61 
 
 Consider how infinitely small are the acquisitions of our 
 most learned scholars when compared with that wisdom 
 whence the mathematics of the universe with all its mechan- 
 ical chemical and physiological structures and their relations 
 have emanated ; and consider that the learning of the 
 scholar is that of our minds, and the wisdom of the Solar 
 Artist is that of our bodies; consider, moreover, that the 
 body is the organic structure of the passions, of that fountain 
 of life, without whose impulsions, in some sensation or affec- 
 tion, not one thought, idea, or faculty of knowledge, is pos- 
 sible to the mind, whose antero-cerebral lobes are merely 
 superstructures on the passional sphere, intended to facili- 
 tate its conquests and guide it to its ends. The Faculties of 
 the Intellect are the Eyes of the Passions. 
 
 It is commonly averred that the passions are blind, whilst 
 this is sometimes strikingly contrasted by the directness 
 with which they march to seize their objects. Let us ex- 
 plain this enigma. The passions are born blind, like kittens 
 and puppies, which does not prevent them from finding their 
 mothers' breasts. The passions operate by elective affin- 
 ities, which like those observed by the chemist between in- 
 organic elements or compounds, act only within a limited 
 sphere. 
 
 Commixture by trituration or solution is the condition of 
 the play of elective affinities in chemical action, and 'proximity 
 within certain spheres of personal influence, capable of ex- 
 tension by means of letters or other arts of correspondence, 
 is the condition of the play of elective affinities in passional 
 action. 
 
 Nothing is more common than to witness thousands of 
 human beings reduced to mere vegetative existence, to the 
 nutrition of their bodies ; or still worse, pining from unsa- 
 
62 TRAGEDY OF THE BLIND PASSIONS. 
 
 tisfied spiritual necessities, without knowing what they want, 
 or any consciousness of those latent powers which passion 
 only arouses ! 
 
 How often has some casual incident, the beam of a bright 
 eye, the tones of martial music swelling through a forest 
 glade, opened suddenly a new life for some melancholy 
 Jaques, as Love or Ambition have been touched by the ob- 
 jects and spheres of their affinities, and the fog of senti- 
 mental metaphysics or stupid inertia been dissipated by the 
 rays of the Passional Sun ! 
 
 But if the objects of a passion are not presented to it, its 
 vague yearnings give no knowledge of them, still less tell 
 where or how to seek them, this must be revealed by calcu- 
 lations of the intellect upon past experience, or observa- 
 tion of passional facts ; and the indirect movement of the 
 passion consequent on this revelation, lacks the earnest- 
 attending the direct play of elective affinities. 
 
 In proportion to the tension or supremacy of the spiritual 
 life and central force of passion in the individual ; to the 
 principle of faith or self- trust on the one side, and to the 
 clearness of intellectual vision on the other ; the soul con- 
 quers time and distance, and renders tributary those circum- 
 stances which always write impossible upon the future. In 
 defect of the latter condition, the light furnished by the 
 intellect, the passions if awakened, have no means of finding 
 what they want, and only rend the organism which should 
 serve as their fulcrum, or poison it by their resorbtion, 
 plunging the whole being in anguish. At best they can but 
 toss it to and fro like a rudderless ship, until perchance 
 some opportunity of passional salvation heaves alongside. 
 Hence we see in ordinary times, marshals of Napoleon or 
 Christian apostles rusting and rotting out as shopkeepers or 
 
SPURIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 63 
 
 fishermen, without any vision of their passional destiny. 
 This, so illustrated in individual cases, is likewise true of 
 nations, races and humanity entire, basely wallowing and 
 grunting like diseased swine in the mire of social subversion, 
 without any vision or faith in their essential destiny or true 
 passional development. 
 
 In the early periods of the Christian Church, as since 
 among the Moravians, the Hussites, and new sects in every 
 century inspired by the old enthusiasm ; the inevitable fallacy 
 of Love undirected by Science, has been proved and re- 
 peated in their abortive tendencies towards Association 
 and the Unity of Interests. Those of the new church who 
 cannot see the necessity of Social Science, or the use of de- 
 termining the forms and methods of Harmony, asserting that 
 Love contains Wisdom and dispenses with all calculations 
 of the intellect by its own organic force, are yet to under- 
 stand, that in the spiritual as in the material world, Heat 
 and Light may exist latent as well as expressed. They are 
 intrinsic or latent in all souls. Divine and humanitary 
 Love expresses itself to us in Jesus Christ, but Wisdom of 
 the same degree ; essential to tho expansion and communi- 
 cation of that love, as flame to fire ; still remained latent, as 
 light in hot bodies, until the Spirit of Christ, which has 
 never ceased to move and aspire in the heart of humanity, 
 kindled at last that heat into a flame ; and now first gives 
 us its corresponding light, in the practical formulas of Social 
 Science and the Organization of Labor. 
 
 G-ood men of all ages have groaned, as we now groan, un- 
 der the desolating effects of Social anarchy and antagonism, 
 and have sought by Association, to express more truly the 
 sympathies of their hearts, but these crude associations with 
 their community of property and inefficient industry, could 
 
64 ABORTIVE DEVOTION. 
 
 be only violets of March that bloom and quickly perish; 
 fugitive expressions of good will ; not permanent solutions 
 of human destiny, nor capable of generalization, since in 
 seeking a partial development for the passion of Friendship, 
 they did not provide for Ambition, or Love, or the Family 
 sentiment, their appropriate spheres of activity. 
 
 The work was inspired by charity and devotion of that 
 high degree which makes martyrs and heroes, and causes 
 men to esteem their lives lightly before questions of prin- 
 ciple or loyalty ; which expands individual consciousness by 
 sympathy with the life of the whole human race, which 
 enriches it with the fee-simple of immortality, and sheds 
 through the clouds of a mortal day the sunset radiance of a 
 past eternity and the dawn of an eternity to come. 
 
 It was not from weakness or childish sensuality that 
 these men failed to conquer passional harmony, it was 
 purely from their ignorance of Social Science. 
 
 The human intellect had not yet fulfilled its mission. 
 
 The Eyes of the Passions are the Faculties of the Intellect. 
 They may become obscured by religious or philosophical 
 prejudices, which accept the present incoherence of. interests 
 and social relations and its evil results, as a permanent di- 
 vine ordination, inevitable by human effort. Thus is pro- 
 duced the intellectual cataract, which mistakes an opacity 
 within its own orbit for darkness upon the face of nature, 
 or the amaurosis of despair, whose weak and misty vision 
 magnifies obstacles, and by fictions of impossibility, palsies 
 into vacillating imbecility every manly and godward step 
 towards the conquest of our individual or our collective des- 
 tinies. 
 
 When the intellect, baffled and diverted from its proper 
 sphere of action, wanders off into theological and metaphy- 
 
SAVAGE VS. CIVILIZED ESTATE. 65 
 
 sical abstractions, instead of devoting itself wholly to the 
 service of the passions, guiding them to their objects, and 
 revealing the paths of their harmonious coaction ; the social 
 movement must become stationary or retrograde, as during 
 the civilized and barbarous epochs of social night ; which 
 though superficially progressive, in regard to industry, arts 
 and sciences, and securing many privileges to a limited 
 number of individuals ; retrograde far behind the savage 
 state in regard to the general health, liberty and opportu- 
 nities of happiness enjoyed by the immense mass of the 
 people. 
 
 The Savage who still enjoys a social twilight, exercises 
 the rights of hunting, fishing, gathering freely the fruits of 
 the soil, pasturage, federal compact, external aggression, 
 and absence of care y which blights our rare moments of joy 
 by futile regrets of the past and anxieties for the future. 
 
 The Civilized laborer or citizen cannot exert one of these 
 privileges, unless in new countries like America, where they 
 do not continue very long unappropriated by the favorites 
 of fortune. The free Englishman is liable to fine, imprison- 
 ment or expatriation, if he dare to use the least of them, 
 and has been sent to Botany Bay for throwing a stick at a 
 hare. 
 
 The Savage, in his seasons of scarcity is affected by no 
 social contrasts, and the sufferings of necessity common to 
 all, are less grievous and degrading to any one ; the abject 
 poverty of the Civilized masses is constantly aggravated by 
 the spectacle of excessive luxury which they cannot hope to 
 share, and which is extorted from their own earnings by 
 superior cunning and the sacred mysteries of commerce or 
 of religion. 
 
 Passing from the more external phenomena of Social life 
 
®6 SPONTANEITY VS. DUTY. 
 
 to the inner life of the individual Soul, the passional dark- 
 ness thickens, and the effects of this treacherous desertion 
 of its natural function by the human Intellect are still more 
 cruel in the conflict of duties and passions within each breast 
 which kindles the fires of hell in the distracted conscience. 
 
 Deep within from that ark of the sanctuary where the 
 presence of God ever dwells in the individual soul, rises the 
 pride of purity, the dignity of being, the sentiment of per- 
 sonal character ; demanding freedom and space to expand in 
 its spontaneity, insisting on that high self truth which must 
 protect itself— the counterpart and spouse of nature and 
 representative of God— sacred from all intrusion, and giving 
 the religion of individualism, of which Goethe and Emerson 
 are the popular exponents. But all around, like the plu- 
 mage of the bird, or the foliage and flowers of the plant, 
 spring the claims of affection, the passional affinities, rooted 
 also in that very Being, and integrant elements of that " eres- 
 cive all-enclosing self," whose lovely ideals pine in the absence 
 of their actual affinities ; which perish by restraint and com- 
 pression, and fill our hearts with graves, the tombs of un- 
 born joys, whose fragmentary inscriptions are made legible 
 only by their sad context in other hearts, bereaved by the 
 same blow that smote our peace. How can these delicate 
 blossoms live amid the stern, crushing duties of Doing, 
 whose remorseless tread ignores the plea of friendship or of 
 love, marching to conquer a position, to fill repugnant func- 
 tions in the heartless monotony of civilized toil, to immo- 
 late tastes, affections, spiritual development, too often honor 
 and self-respect, under the juggernaut car of social custom 
 and their own necessity ! 
 
ANALYSIS OF INTELLECT. 67 
 
 INTELLECT. 
 
 Comprises Three Distributive Attractions which arbitrate 
 between the different Sensuous and Affective Attractions and 
 transmit to the Will the impulse of the dominant motive. 
 
 Function. — To contrast, combine and interlock the sensuous and 
 affectiye attractions, by the discovery and realization of a social 
 mechanism and material sphere, calculated to harmonize all inter- 
 ests and passions within each individual, and among the members 
 of each society ; effecting external or collective unity, and internal 
 or individual unity. 
 
 Tendency. — To truth order and general equilibrium. 
 
 Ends of Attainment. 
 
 Direct and Composite. — Co- Inverse and Simple. — Oppo- 
 
 operation with God as he is sition to God by arbitrary legis- 
 manifested in the order or ma- lation and repression of attrac- 
 thematics of creation to which tions. 
 all attractions are co-ordinated. 
 
 Direct and Composite. — Ful- Inverse and Simple. — Pre- 
 
 filment of God's adaptations to vention of God's adaptations to 
 our integral welfare, individual our welfare and to that of the 
 and collective, and to that of all creatures connected with us, by 
 creatures whose lives are linked false philosophies which shut 
 with ours, by iniating man into the eyes of our race to their 
 the sphere of causation, the true destiny ; persuading them 
 mysterious distribution of sym- that it is impossible to escape 
 pathies and antipathies in the from the evils that oppress and 
 passional gamut, and the mod- enslave them, and even insult- 
 ulation of destinies. ing the senses and passions by 
 
 pretending that their suppres- 
 sion is necessary to salvation in 
 a future life. 
 
 Tone or Sentiment. 
 Direct and Composite — Love Inverse and Simple — Love 
 
 of truth. of Sophistry. 
 
 Concomitant Results. 
 Direct and Composite. — In- Inverse and Simple. — Un- 
 
 tellectual development and profitable and trivial amuse- 
 pleasures of science by symp- ments in forming arbitrary clas- 
 
68 
 
 ANALYSIS OF INTELLECT, 
 
 CONCOMITANT RESULTS. 
 
 atliy with God's wisdom in the 
 mechanisms of creation, to which 
 the passional or social harmony 
 will serve as the key-note. 
 
 Vast development and affilia- 
 tion of all the sciences through 
 their subordination to the piv- 
 otal science which is Passional 
 Analogy. 
 
 sifications and hypotheses, or 
 pain from perceiving the dis- 
 crepancy of sidereal, atomic, 
 organic and instinctual har- 
 monies, with the incoherence of 
 our social world, and with the 
 incompetence of our mechanical 
 forces. 
 
 Intellect is a Series of Three Distributive Branches. 
 CABALIST. COMPOSITE. 
 
 Comprises perceptions of Pro- 
 gression or relation of cause 
 and effect, order, time, and 
 events, similitude and dif- 
 ference. Corresponds with 
 Centrifugal tendency. 
 
 Function. — Creation of dis- 
 cords by analysis and contrast. 
 Tendency. — To refinement, 
 to formation of sects. 
 
 Ends of Attainment. — Di- 
 vision of a mass into its compo- 
 nent elements, and manifesta- 
 tion of their specific characters 
 as groups or sects. Division of 
 labor in every department. 
 
 Direct. — Stimulation and re- 
 finement of industry, art and 
 science, through the rivalries 
 of groups in a common or uni- 
 tary series. 
 
 Inverse. — Persecutions and 
 hostile jealousies between sects 
 and parties having no connec- 
 tion in a general interest. 
 Tone or Sentiment : — 
 
 Direct. — Emulation and crit- 
 icism. 
 
 Inverse. — Envy and detrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Comprises faculties of Ideality, 
 forming combinations of im- 
 ages, and Constructiveness, 
 the name applied to ideality 
 in the material or mechanical 
 sphere. Corresponds with 
 Centripetal tendency. 
 
 Function. — Creation of ac- 
 cords by combinations. 
 
 Tendency. — To construction 
 or creaton, and in its applica- 
 tion to society, to combinations 
 of masses. 
 
 Ends of Attainment. — Union 
 of parts in a symmetrical whole. 
 Combinations of thought in arts 
 and sciences, and other depart- 
 ments of industry admitting 
 them. 
 
 In Composite action. — Col- 
 lection of individuals into 
 groups, and of groups into se- 
 ries as in an army. 
 
 In Simple action. — Assem- 
 blage of crude masses as in 
 mobs. 
 
 Tone or Sentiment : — 
 Creative, constructive or cor- 
 porate. 
 
 Inverse. — Blind furor or illu- 
 sions. 
 
OR DISTRIBUTIVE SPHERE. 69 
 
 CABAL.ISM. COMPOSITE. 
 
 Concomitant Results : — 
 Direct. — Aptness for calcula- 
 tion and discrimination. 
 
 Inverse. — Aptness for in- 
 trigue, knavery and cabals ; al- 
 lies specially with. Ambition. 
 
 Concomitant Results : — 
 Direct. — Aptness for Associ- 
 ation. 
 
 Inverse. — Facility of yielding 
 to the blind impulse of numbers ; 
 allies specially with Friendship. 
 
 PAPILLON. 
 
 Or attraction for change or variety in the exercise of 
 Senses or Passions. Corresponds with Balancing 
 tendency. 
 
 v y 1 
 
 Function. — To alternate sensations, sentiments, oc- 
 cupations, and to refresh by variety. 
 
 Tendency. — To change. 
 Ends of Attainment : 
 
 Direct. — Integral development, by assuring to each 
 Sense, Passion, or Faculty, its share of action. 
 
 Inverse. — Weakness of character from fickleness and 
 inconstancy. 
 
 Direct. — Interlocking of groups and series by inter- 
 change of their personal elements, i. e., of the persons 
 attached to each group. 
 
 Inverse. — Sacrifice of industry to unproductive and 
 hurtful dissipation, and failure of enterprises requir- 
 ing the concentration of any single force. 
 
 Tone or Sentiment. — Love of novelty. 
 
 Concomitant Results. — Plasticity of intellect and 
 character, facility of adaptation to new spheres. Pre- 
 vention of excesses. Allies specially with Love. 
 
 It follows from these considerations that the normal func- 
 tions of the mind or antero cerebral lobes is not to control, 
 suppress and subdue the body and the passions as the igno- 
 rant philosophers and moralists tell us, but to obey them, 
 serve them truly, guide to their objects of sensitive and 
 affectional satisfaction, enlighten them as to their true inte- 
 rests, and in connection with the unitary organic instinct of 
 Harmony assist in attaining and preserving their equilibrium. 
 This statement of functions conducts logically and inevitably 
 
70 PRACTICAL APPLICATION. 
 
 to the formation of Passsional Series, or series of groups, 
 applied to agricultural and domestic industry, (the destiny 
 of man as artist and harmonist of the earth,) groups formed 
 on each industrial function by the discriminate preference 
 of their members ; rivalized and contrasted with each other, 
 then combined in corporate masses as in the regiments of an 
 army : to energize their action by Ambition and Cabalism, 
 and exalt their enthusiasm by the concert of numbers and 
 accords of Friendship, — alternated in each function at in- 
 tervals short enough to anticipate fatigue, and interlocked 
 by the interchange of their members, so as to give each an 
 opportunity for development, alternately and integrally, of 
 his varied affections and capacities, and conciliating his in- 
 terests with that of the associated mass whose component 
 individuals he works and shares with in many groups and 
 functions. (For farther information on this formula of Social 
 and Passional Destiny, consult Fourier : " Universal Unity," 
 and " New Industrial World." Considerant : " Social Des- 
 tiny." " True Organization of the New Church." " Solar 
 Ray," Section on " Trinity.") 
 
 The Practical : Prehensile and Locomotive Sphere 
 of Man, organized in the Osseous and muscular structures 
 or locomotive system in general, and limbs, and mouth in 
 particular, place him in direct relation with the external 
 world, and give the instruments by which he operates upon 
 it in production or destruction, use or abuse. 
 
 This sphere communicates with the visceral instinctual or 
 passional, either with or without the intermediation of the 
 antero-cerebral or intellectual : thus creatures in which the 
 latter is undeveloped, pursue and attain their necessary ends 
 with quite as much and often more directness and certainty 
 than those possessing antero-cerebral lobes. Their neces- 
 
POETRY AND PIETY OF COMMON USES. 71 
 
 sities are, however, much more limited, and it is in adapta- 
 tion to passional states or desires whose objects are not 
 brought into contact with us, as its food to the tentacula of 
 the Polypi, that we have been endowed with far-reaching 
 faculties of intellectual vision, indefinitely extensible by ex- 
 citement of the clairvoyant sub-sphere. In different indi- 
 viduals, different spheres dominate, or are disproportionately 
 developed ; — yet all possess them all, and it is for the most 
 part merely a vice or accident of civilized education (for 
 which read " compression") which gives us the stupid ath- 
 lete, all brawn and muscle, the pale and feeble intellectualist, 
 or the ignorant and inefficient woman, full of tenderness, 
 whose passions without knowledge, experience or practical 
 ability, only lead her to ruin. 
 
 The Health, Sanity, integrity and satisfaction of each of 
 the three spheres requires their combined action ; — not 
 merely their alternate action, but their combined or integral 
 
 I action. There is no Use too simple or humble to illustrate 
 this. Take milking cows for example. Do you think this 
 
 ; is just a clutch and jerk ? a low mechanical action which a 
 corpse might execute, if properly adjusted, and wi/Z-power 
 
 J supplied from a galvanic battery ; or that an automaton of 
 
 : clock work, springs and pulleys, could perform. Not at all. 
 
 i Milking is -a mechanical, and at the same time a vital, a 
 
 ' spiritual, a passional act, in which the soul first finding spir- 
 itual cows in its adyta about the Solar plexus, goes forth in 
 
 , quest of their natural correspondents along the arms to the 
 ends of the fingers, and there clasping the teats, becomes a 
 link in that magnetic circuit of power flowing into form and 
 use, which the Sun gives with all the planets and their crea- 
 tures, and in which the cow especially represents the nu- 
 trient and secernent function of our mother Earth. 
 
72 FATALITY OF SENTIMENTALISM. 
 
 Both the Passional and the Intellectual spheres of life, 
 acting separately or without their practical ultimation in ac- 
 tive use or passive fruition, become soon morbid and intro- 
 verted, involve the whole organism in disorder, the whole 
 life in suffering, preying upon themselves in a manner re- 
 presented by the pangs of thirst and starvation when the 
 stomach and other organs, deprived of their proper stimuli 
 and pabula, are reduced to absorb their own tissues, or eat 
 themselves. 
 
 The Affections, acting simply or without intelligent appli- 
 cation to practical uses in some productive industry, charmed 
 by the love of the person served, degenerate into Sentiment- 
 alism, useless, ridiculous, and by morbid refinements inten- 
 sifying the neuralgic agonies of the unfortunates thus self 
 condemned to eat their own hearts. This pernicious pro- 
 cess is soon observed ; lesions of the circulation, blood in- 
 sufficiently elaborated and too feebly propelled into the 
 tissues, deposits there its nutrient plasma in an albuminous 
 state. This is the matter of tubercle which rapidly accumu- 
 lates under the depraving effect of passional compression, 
 introversion and resorbtion, and in connection with a vitiated 
 nervous influence from the Sympathetic System and pas- 
 sional lobes of the occiput and side head, hurries the most 
 delicate flowers of our race through thorny paths to an early 
 grave. Irving's story of the " Broken Heart " is a physiol- 
 ogical fact. 
 
 The Intellect acts truly only in impassioned application to 
 practical uses, co-operating with the Solar ray in the organ- 
 ization of beings, or the modelling of already created objects 
 to new adaptations of use, only in art, whose materials are 
 provided in the spheres of the senses. The moment that it 
 violates the pledge of its incarnation by leaving matter or 
 
CONDEMNATION OF METAPHYSICS. 73 
 
 the sphere of practical uses to employ itself upon itself, to 
 define the cognition of the perceptions of the sensations, 
 and to discriminate between the me and the not me ; it be- 
 comes not only an expletive, but a pernicious function in the 
 soul and body, absorbing into its vicious circle of unpro- 
 ductive action, like a cancerous growth or other tumor, that 
 life blood and nerve force which were elaborated for the 
 maintenance of the common weal, to feed organs engaged in 
 their normal work of production : hence the antero-cerebral 
 lobes and mental functions are when thus introverted in 
 their action, to the individual economy ; what a loafer or 
 swindler is in the social body. They obtain dishonestly for 
 private purposes of no use to the rest of the body or soul, 
 values, without rendering back an equivalent therefor. It 
 is much better, and less dishonorable, to be an idiot than a 
 metaphysician ; since the idiot's mind being inert makes no 
 drain upon the general system, but allows the body to be 
 strong and well nourished, and capable of mechanical uses ; 
 but the fungous parasitical mind of the metaphysician is 
 very mischievously active, and by its swindling and wasting 
 of the organic forces, makes the body lean and weak, fairly 
 starving out the affections and practical faculties. The same 
 condemnation, only a little milder, is applicable to the di- 
 rection of the intellect, not exactly upon itself, but upon any 
 objects or ideas not returning to the individual and social 
 organisms, a quid pro quo, such as dilettanteism in art, pol- 
 itics, scandal, &c, &e. Here I would observe that na- 
 ture never forgives even generous errors, and that it is 
 necessary for individual integrity, and sanity, and health ; 
 not only that the mind should be employed in studies ulti- 
 mately useful to the social body, and thus in a collective 
 sense returning a quid pro quo ; but as we all stand as indi- 
 
74 CIRCUIT OF FORCES IN USE. 
 
 viduals before sun and earth, so our minds must be applied, 
 at least for a certain portion of the time, to objects of im- 
 mediately practical material use. Only thus do they fully 
 enter the circuit of Solar and planetary forces, and secure to 
 themselves that vigor which is needed for their social effi- 
 ciency. The introversion of the Mind, or metaphysics, is 
 equally morbid with the introversion of Passion or senti- 
 mentalism. The antero-cerebral lobes being, however, 
 only an appendage superposed on the vital economy, its dis- 
 orders do not so soon or so gravely compromise health and 
 life, and a man may exist in a metaphysical condition for a 
 number of years, just as he may with a cancer or fungous 
 tumor of slow growth. The intensity of passion and enjoy- 
 ment of life are, however, effectually precluded, and the 
 pleasures of such an unfortunate are usually limited to eat- 
 ing, which being carried to gluttony, produces dyspepsia 
 and hypochondria, thus rendering it still more difficult for 
 him to escape from the vicious circle to which he has 
 become habituated. The stern necessities of poverty or the 
 rarest opportunities of passion only can save him. 
 
 I believe that gluttony will be observed as a common vice 
 in those (not Sentimentalists) who, either from metaphysical 
 vices, or simple want of opportunity for passional develop- 
 ment, are precluded from other forms of passive enjoyment, 
 or fruition of nature and society. 
 
 There are many forms of metaphysics besides that incor- 
 rigible stammering over the cognitions of the perceptions of 
 the sensations of the me, and the not me, and such like 
 stupid definitions which only serve to confuse the subject. 
 
 History, as it is at present known, is metaphysical, an act 
 of humanitary introspection, one degree above individual 
 self-introspection and definition, but equally useless and idle. 
 
FALSE EXPERIENCE OF HISTORY. 75 
 
 This would be less the case did History record the industrial 
 and artistic methods and achievements of the human race, 
 i. e., what man had accomplished in relation to his destiny 
 as harmonist of the Earth ; but in place of this, History is 
 limited to record the false experience of the race, its wars, 
 crimes, and political dynasties, in which a few ambitious 
 politicians, statesmen, kings and queens, figure in an arti- 
 ficial glare, leaving the people and its industry, the passional 
 and industrial experience of individuals, classes and nations, 
 all in the shade. Things which were wrong, when they 
 were done or said, become no truer for being repeated, even 
 did we get just reports of them ; but as the chief actors in 
 history, like Lord Walpole, well know, it is mostly a lie 
 that is written, and thereby stands merely on the same plat- 
 form as other works of fiction and imagination, many of 
 which are superior by their fascinating interest, as well as 
 more internally true to the life of man manifested under 
 such and such given conditions. History and fiction proper 
 may either of them be beneficial relaxations from physical 
 toil when nothing more real is at hand, but farther than this 
 they must be condemned as intellectual swindling not ren- 
 dering a quid pro quo. Especially does this censure fall on 
 those preposterous studies of idle young ladies who consider 
 it very fashionable and meritorious to take a course of his- 
 tory after leaving school, as a corollary I suppose, to the 
 courses of brimstone and molasses, they recollect to have 
 been drugged with as children, or an antecedent to the 
 courses of blue pill and fluid magnesia they are soon to enter 
 upon as dyspeptics. There is no kitchen or housemaids' 
 work that would not be more valuable and more honorable 
 to them. But these vicious and unfortunate habits of 
 trifling, like their still more fatal accompaniments in another 
 
76 FATE OF THE SOCIAL ANALYST. 
 
 sphere of introversion, have been sown and trained from 
 early childhood. The trustful babe had no sooner begun to 
 speak articulately, and enjoy the beautiful Earth and her 
 sphere of material harmonies, where Grod externalizes him- 
 self ; than in direct contradiction to this system of practical 
 incarnation, false education drives him into abstractions — 
 first, the drudgery of the alphabet and spelling of our crude 
 language and other factitious knowledge, which if he has the 
 misfortune to be apt and obedient to his teachers, soon dis- 
 tracts him from the healthy natural exercise of his senses 
 and observing faculties, and from the sphere of the physical 
 sciences and practical uses which he was entering through 
 them ; makes of him a barren and an unhappy idealist, pur- 
 suing phantoms through life, and forfeiting the chances of 
 his passional destiny. 
 
 It is true, to a certain extent, that Social disorders neces- 
 sitate the sacrifice of individual destinies ; that in order to 
 ascertain the sources and remedies of collective disease 
 and error, the analyst must come out from the matter-of-fact 
 details of the present life, and give himself leisure to scruti- 
 nize its methods and conditions of activity. Yet Nature 
 makes no allowances for such necessities, but treats with each 
 of us individually, and falsifies our whole life, thought, and 
 influence, in proportion as we abstract ourselves from farm 
 work, from her absolute formula, of beneficent production 
 with head, heart and hands, at once. She continually calls 
 to us to make our intellect, character ; and convinces us by 
 a thousand humiliations, how little account she makes of 
 our sagacity ; and that not what we say merely, but what 
 we are, is persuasive. 
 
 A man, for instance, must love, honor, value and obey 
 his present spiritual and natural entity, more than that of a 
 
ERRORS IN THE SPHERE OF USE. 77 
 
 plate of beef and cabbage, consequently not compromise a 
 higher for a lower vital condition, nor impose on his organ- 
 ism the toil of vitalizing unnecessary quantities of crude 
 matter. Both the sentimental and the intellectual intro- 
 versions, forms of passional disease soon compromising the 
 organic functions, have resulted from simplism in the practi- 
 cal sphere of life, vitiated both actively and passively, in 
 production and in consumption ; and from the disjunction 
 of these two elements of practical life. Here industry, and 
 even art, though necessarily busied with material objects, 
 and placing man in direct relations with the forces of the 
 Sun and Earth, have, in the absence of the Passional Series 
 or true order of their development, been unimpassioned 
 unintelligent and repugnant, impelled by simple necessity or 
 the force of circumstances more than of centre-stances or 
 internal promptings, and as often destructive as productive. 
 Witness the industry and art of war. 
 
 These errors and evils in the sphere of Practical Uses, the 
 third sphere of the human economy which Swedenborg calls 
 the Third Heaven, or Heaven of the Celestial Angels, have 
 converted it during the incoherent periods to the Third 
 Sphere of Hell, or ultimates of Hell, and have naturally 
 driven those persons who had leisure to look out for a cool 
 corner, into one of the other abstractions, to the Second 
 Sphere of Hell, among the Ideologues, or to the First 
 Sphere among the seats reserved for the ladies, in the Hell 
 of Sentimentalism, the simplism of the introverted affections. 
 
 Now, if the Passional Series had not been discovered, it 
 might be impolite to prevent one from establishing them- 
 selves in either of these two Hells ; but as it is, there is 
 more fun in associative production, the announcement of 
 which must constitute my justification as to uses at the 
 
78 THE USE OF POETS AND ARTISTS. 
 
 present time, since those words are also actions which become 
 causes of action in others. 
 
 I must not dismiss this matter without drawing broad and 
 clear the line of demarcation between the noble poet and 
 scientific thinker, whose ideas transcend the sphere of com- 
 mon uses only to discover higher regions of use, and prac- 
 tical applications more perfect than are known to the routine 
 laborer ; between these devoted artists, whose eye wanders 
 not in vacuum, but follows the Eorosch* above the clouds, 
 and the idle, pitiful introversions of sentimentalism and 
 metaphysics, which though they are the perversions of 
 other organs, are not exempt from the disgrace and the ruin 
 attendant on the lowest form of introversion or self-abuse. 
 
 The merely physical laborer is conversant consciously 
 only with the material type, but the poet or artist deals with 
 the spiritual substance of that form or type. 
 
 Hear our Emerson's plea for his honorable idleness : 
 
 Think me not unkind and rude 
 That I walk alone in grove and glen ; 
 
 I go to the god of the wood 
 To fetch his word to men. 
 
 Tax not my sloth that I 
 
 Fold my arms beside the brook ; 
 Each cloud that floated in the sky 
 
 Writes a letter in my book. 
 
 Chide me not, laborious band, 
 
 For the idle flowers I brought • 
 Every aster in my hand 
 
 Goes home loaded with a thought. 
 
 * The Persian antetype of Genius ; represented as a bird brilliant 
 with light that sees from afar. The Zend Avesta compares with it 
 the Sacred Word. 
 
EMERSON AND PROCTOR. 79 
 
 There was never mystery 
 
 But 'tis figured in the flowers ; 
 Was never secret history 
 
 But birds tell it in the bowers. 
 
 One harvest from thy field 
 
 Homeward brought the oxen strong ; 
 
 A second crop thine acres yield, 
 Which I gather in a song. 
 
 Hear, now, Barry Cornwall, that merry thrush, whose 
 every tone swells with the inward sweetness of a happy 
 home and faithful love returned, so that from his verses I 
 unconsciously look up, as though I were lying under a tree, 
 to seek for his mate upon her nest : 
 
 That was not a barren time, 
 
 When the new World calmly lay 
 
 Bare unto the frosty rime, 
 Open to the burning day. 
 
 Though her young limbs were not clad 
 
 With the colors of the spring, 
 Yet she was all inward glad, 
 
 Knowing all she bore within, 
 
 Undeveloped, blossoming. 
 
 There was Beauty, such as feeds 
 
 Poets in their secret hours ; 
 Music mute ; and all the seeds 
 
 And the sighs of all the flowers. 
 
 There was wealth, beyond the gold 
 
 Hid in Oriental caves : 
 There was — all we now behold 
 
 'Tween our cradles and our graves. 
 
80 PROCTOR AND TENNYSON. 
 
 Judge not, then, the Poet's dreams 
 
 Barren all, and void of good : 
 There are in them azure gleams, 
 
 Wisdom not all understood. 
 
 Fables, with a heart of truth ; 
 
 Mysteries, that unfold in light ; 
 Morals, beautiful for Youth ; 
 
 Starry lessons for the night. 
 
 Unto Man, in peace and strife, 
 
 True and false, and weak and strong, 
 
 Unto all, in death and life 
 Speaks the Poet in his song. 
 
 Thus, Alfred Tennyson, a Poet who bears the noble con- 
 science of his mission, an artist so earnest that almost every 
 poem is a genuine creation — a Life made Voice : 
 
 The Poet in a golden clime was born, 
 
 With golden stars above : 
 Dowered with the hate of hate, the scorn of scorn, 
 The love of love. 
 
 He saw through life and death, through good and ill, 
 
 He saw through his own soul. 
 The marvel of the everlasting will, 
 An open scroll, 
 
 Before him lay : with echoing feet he threaded ^ 
 
 The secret' st walks of fame : 
 The viewless arrows of his thoughts were headed 
 And winged with flame, 
 
 Like Indian reeds blown from his silver tongue, 
 
 And of so fierce a flight, 
 From Calpe unto Caucasus they sung, 
 
 Filling with light 
 
ALFRED TENNYSON. 81 
 
 And vagrant melodies the winds which bore 
 
 Them earthward till they lit * 
 Then, like the arrow-seeds of the field-flower, 
 
 The fruitful wit 
 
 Cleaving, took root, and springing forth anew, 
 
 Where'er they fell, behold, 
 Like to the mother plant, in semblance, grew 
 
 A flower all gold, 
 
 And bravely furnished all abroad to fling 
 
 The winged shafts of Truth, 
 To throng with stately blooms the breathing spring 
 
 Of Hope and Youth. 
 
 So many minds did gird their orbs with beams, 
 
 Though one did fling the fire. 
 Heaven flowed upon the soul in many dreams 
 
 Of high desire. 
 
 Thus truth was multiplied on truth, the world 
 
 Like one great garden showed, 
 And through the wreaths of floating dark upcurled 
 
 Rare Sunrise flowed. 
 
 And Freedom reared in that august Sunrise 
 
 Her beautiful bold brow, 
 When rites and forms before his burning eyes 
 
 Melted like snow. 
 
 There was no blood upon her maiden robes 
 
 Sunned by those orient skies • 
 But round about the circles of the globes 
 
 Of her keen eyes, 
 
 And in her raiment's hem, was traced in flame 
 
 Wisdom : a name to shake 
 All evil dreams of power — a sacred name : 
 
 And when she spake. 
 
82 WILLIAM ROSS WALLACE. 
 
 Her words did gather thunder as they ran, 
 
 And as the lightning to the thunder 
 Which follows it, riving the spirit of Man, 
 
 Making Earth Wonder ; 
 
 So was their meaning to her words. No sword 
 
 Of wrath her right arm whirled, 
 But one poor Poet's scroll, and with his word 
 
 She shook the World. 
 
 And this, from the Ode to Wordsworth, by our American 
 poet, Wallace, and which I mar with regret by removing it 
 from its context : 
 
 For Poetry is enthroned by his own right. 
 
 I hear his cadences in every breeze ; 
 
 I see his presence fill the dark blue lake, 
 
 Like an old melody ; and I know 
 
 He is a living and immortal power. 
 
 No matter where he lifts his natural voice, 
 
 All men shall crown him as a gentle God 
 
 Who, wandering through his heritage of Earth, 
 
 Makes pleasant music in the lowly huts 
 
 Where poor men ply their rugged toil ; who smiles 
 
 Within the mellow Sunbeams, when they paint 
 
 The swelling upland, where October sits, 
 
 Holding her hands to catch the dropping fruit : 
 
 Who stands upon the hazy mountain-top, 
 
 Beautiful as the Light ) who, solemn, chants 
 
 Full many a rune in every sunless hall 
 
 Down in the deep, deep Sea, and sways all things, 
 
 The Angel of the World ; who soars at will 
 
 Into the ample Air, and walks the storm ; 
 
 Or waves his wand upon the solemn Stars, 
 
 Orion and the Pleiades, and rules 
 
 Their people by a gentle law ; or stands 
 
Wallace's " wordsworth." 83 
 
 Imperial in the large red Sun, and charms 
 The Sky until its glorious passion finds 
 A language in the Thunder and the Cloud, 
 And in the Rainbow, chorusing all hues, 
 And in the splendor of the broad bright Moon 
 That builds her Venice in a sea of air. 
 Most haply I shall sing some simple words, 
 Rich with the wealth Experience gives to Time — 
 An antique tale of beauty and of tears : 
 Or I may wander in my thought afar 
 Where men have built their homes in forests vast, 
 And see the Atlantic rest his weary feet 
 And lift his large blue eyes on other Stars : 
 Or hear the Sire of many Waters hoarse 
 With counting centuries, and rolling through 
 The dim magnificence of stately Woods, 
 Whose huge trunks sentinel a thousand leagues, 
 His deep libation to the waiting Sea. 
 
 * # -5f -55- #■ 
 
 Or to some pastoral vale 
 Shall pass my trembling feet 1 Then shall I pour 
 To Poesy, beloved in all her many moods, 
 A chant sublimely earnest. I shall tell 
 To all the tribes, with what a stately step 
 She walks the silent wilderness of air 
 Which always puts its starry foliage on 
 At her serene approach, or in her lap 
 Scatters its harvest- wealth of golden Suns : 
 And many a Brook shall murmur in my verse ; 
 And many an Ocean join his cloudy bass ; 
 And many a Mountain tower aloft, whereon 
 The black Storm crouches, with his deep-red eyes 
 Glaring upon the valleys stretched below : 
 And many a greenwood rock the small, bright birds 
 To musical sleep beneath the large, full Moon ; 
 
84 ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING. 
 
 And many a Star shall lift on high her cup 
 Of luminous cold chrysolite — set in gold 
 Chased subtly over by angelic art, 
 To catch the odorous dews which Seraphs drink 
 In their wide wanderings ; and many a Sun 
 Shall press the pale lips of the timorous Morn 
 Couch'd in the bridal east : and over all 
 Will brood the visible presence of the One 
 To whom my Life has been a solemn chant. 
 
 ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING. 
 
 \ A VISION OF POETS. 
 
 They are scorned 
 By men they sing for, till inurned : 
 
 Beauty in the mind 
 Leaves the hearth cold ; and love refined 
 Ambitions make the world unkind. 
 
 The Boor who ploughs the daisy dawn, 
 The Chief, whose mortgage of renown, 
 Fixed upon graves, has bought a crown — 
 
 Both these are happier, more approved 
 Than Poets ! — Why should I be moved 
 In saying both are more beloved t 
 
 * * -K- * 
 
 Then first, the Poet was aware 
 Of a chief Angel standing there 
 Before that altar, in the glare. 
 
 His eyes were dreadful, for you saw 
 That they saw God — his lips and jaw, 
 Grand-made and strong, as Sinai's Law. 
 
A VISION OF POETS. 85 
 
 They could enunciate, and refrain 
 
 From vibratory after-pain ; 
 
 And his brow's height was sovereign — 
 
 On the vast background of his wings 
 Arose his image ! and he flings, 
 From each plumed arc, pale glitterings 
 
 And fiery flakes (as beateth more 
 Or less, the angel-heart!) before, 
 And round him, upon roof and floor, 
 
 Edging with fire the shifting fumes : 
 While at his side 'twixt light and gloom, 
 The phantasm of an organ booms. 
 
 Extending from which instrument 
 And angel • right and left- way bent, 
 The poet's sight grew sentient 
 
 Of a strange company around 
 
 And toward the altar, — pale and crowned, 
 
 With sovran eyes of depth profound. 
 
 Deathful their faces were : and yet 
 The power of life was in them set— 
 Never forgot, nor to forget. 
 
 Sublime significance of mouth, 
 
 Dilated nostril full of youth, 
 
 And forehead royal with the truth. 
 
 These faces were not multiplied 
 Beyond your count, but side by side 
 Did front the altar, glorified ; 
 
 Still as a vision, yet expressed 
 Full as an action— look and geste 
 Of buried saint, in risen rest ! 
 
86 MARTYRDOM OF THE POET 
 
 The Poet knew them. Faint and dim 
 His spirit seemed to sink in him, 
 Then, like a dolphin, change and swim 
 
 The current — These were Poets true 
 Who died for Beauty, as Martyrs do 
 For Truth — the ends being scarcely two. 
 
 God's Prophets of the Beautiful 
 These Poets were. 
 
 And all their faces in the lull 
 
 Of natural things, looked wonderful 
 
 With life and death and deathless rule ! 
 
 But where the heart of each should beat, 
 
 There seemed a wound instead of it, 
 
 From whence the blood dropped to their feet, 
 
 Drop after drop — dropped heavily 
 As century follows century 
 Into the deep eternity. 
 
 " World's use is cold — world's love is vain, 
 World's cruelty is bitter bane ; 
 But pain is not the fruit of pain. 
 
 " Hearken, Poet, whom I led 
 From the dark wood ! Dismissing dread, 
 Now hear this Angel in my stead : 
 
 " His organ's pedals strike along 
 These Poets' hearts, which metal-strong, 
 They gave him without count of wrong, — 
 
NOT IN VAIN. 87 
 
 44 From which foundation he can guide 
 Up to God's feet, from these who died, 
 An anthem fully glorified ! 
 
 " Whereat God's blessing .... Ibarak 
 Breathes back this music— folds it back 
 About the earth in vapory rack : 
 
 " And men walk in it, crying c Lo ! 
 4 The World is wider, and we know, 
 1 The very Heavens look brighter so ! 
 
 u 4 The Stars walk statelier round the edge 
 4 0' the silver Spheres, and give in pledge 
 4 Their light for nobler privilege. 
 
 ' c No little flower but joys or grieves — 
 4 Full life is rustling in the sheaves ; 
 4 Full spirit sweeps the forest leaves ! ' 
 
 44 So works this music on the earth ! 
 God so admits it, sends it forth, 
 To add another worth to worth— 
 
 44 A new creation-bloom that rounds 
 The old creation, and expounds 
 His Beautiful in tuneful sounds. 
 
 w Now hearken ! " Then the Poet gazed 
 Upon the Angel glorious faced, 
 Whose hand, majestically raised, 
 
 Floated across the organ-keys, 
 
 Like a pale moon o'er murmuring seas, 
 
 With no touch but with influences. 
 
 Then rose and fell (with swell and sound 
 Of shapeless noises wandering round 
 A concord which at last they found) 
 
SPIRIT MUSIC. 
 
 Those mystic keys — the tones were mixed, 
 Dim, faint ; and thrilled and throbbed betwixt 
 The incomplete and the unfixed : 
 
 And therein mighty minds were heard 
 In mighty musings, inly stirred, 
 And struggling outward for a word. 
 
 Until these surges, having run 
 This way and that, gave out as one 
 An Aphrodite of sweet tune, — 
 
 A Harmony that, finding vent, 
 Upward in grand ascension went, 
 Winged to a heavenly argument — 
 
 Up, upward ! like a saint who strips 
 The shroud back from his eyes and lips, 
 And rises in apocalyse ! 
 
 A Harmony sublime and plain, 
 
 Which cleft (as flying swan, the rain, — 
 
 Throwing the drops off with a strain 
 
 Of her white wings) those undertones 
 Of perplext chords ; and soared at once, 
 And struck out from the starry thrones 
 
 Their several silver octaves, as 
 It passed to God ! The music was 
 Of divine stature — strong to pass ! 
 
 And those who heard it, understood 
 Something of life in spirit and blood — 
 Something of Nature's fair and good. 
 
 And while it sounded, those great souls 
 Did thrill as racers at the goals, 
 And burn in all their aureoles. 
 
THE CROWN OF THORNS, 89 
 
 But She, the lady, as vapor-bound, 
 Stood calmly in the joy of sound, — 
 Like Nature with the showers around. 
 
 And when it ceased, the blood which fell, 
 Again, alone grew audible, 
 Tolling the silence as a bell. 
 
 " If to speak nobly comprehends 
 To feel profoundly — if the ends 
 Of power and suffering, Nature blends,- 
 
 " If to search deep the universe 
 Must pierce the searcher with the curse, ~~ 
 Because that bolt (in man's reverse,) 
 
 " Was shot to the heart o' the wood, and lies 
 Wedged deepest in the best ! — if eyes 
 That look for visions and surprise 
 
 " From marshall'd angels, must shut down 
 Their lids first, upon sun and moon, 
 The head asleep upon a stone, — 
 
 " If One who did redeem you back, 
 By his own lack, from final lack, 
 Did consecrate by touch and track 
 
 " Those temporal sorrows, till the taste 
 Of brackish waters of the waste 
 Is salt with tears He dropt too fast, — 
 
 " If all the crowns of earth must wound 
 With prickings of the thorns He found, — 
 If saddest sighs swell sweetest sound. — 
 
90 THE CONSECRATION. 
 
 u What say ye unto this ? — refuse 
 This Baptism in salt water % — choose 
 Calm breasts, mute lips, and labor loose % 
 
 " Or, oh ye gifted givers ! ye 
 Who give your liberal hearts to me, 
 To make the world this harmony, — 
 
 Are ye resigned that they be spent 
 To such world's help ? " — 
 
 The Spirits bent 
 Their awful brows and said — " Content ! " 
 
 And he, our pilgrim-Poet, saw 
 Only their places, in deep awe, — 
 What time the Angel's smile did draw 
 His gazing upward 
 
 Till, ripened in the light which shut 
 The Poet in, his Spirit mute 
 Dropped sudden as a perfect fruit. 
 
 " I soar — I am drawn up like the lark 
 To its white cloud ! So high my mark, 
 Albeit my wing is small and dark ! 
 
 " I ask no wages — seek no fame ! 
 Sew me, for shroud round face and name, 
 God's banner of the orinamme. 
 
 " c I lay my soul before thy feet, 
 That Images of fair and sweet 
 May walk to other men on it, 
 
LOSS AND GAIN. 91 
 
 " With the world's beauty, up to God, 
 Re-offering on his iris broad, 
 The images of things bestowed. 
 
 u I only would have leave to loose 
 (In tears and blood, if so He choose) 
 Mine inward music out to use. 
 
 a I only would be spent — in pain 
 And loss, perchance — but not in vain, 
 Upon the sweetness of that strain, — 
 
 " Only project, beyond the bound 
 Of mine own life, so lost and found, 
 My voice, and live on in its sound, — 
 
 " Only embrace and be embraced 
 By fiery ends, — whereby to waste, 
 And light God's future with my past ! " 
 
 The Poet speaks to his chosen few, his lovers, his elect 
 of the same spiritual group or category — the sublimer and 
 more unitary the genius, the larger the number of his fold, 
 as from the highest mountains the eye possesses the widest 
 sweep of surface. 
 
 The Inventor demonstrates to all men his intimacy with 
 spiritual substances, invisible to them, but as absolute matters 
 of fact, and external objects of use, as brown bread or cotton 
 homespun. Thus, Fulton sees spiritual steam-engines, and 
 Babbitt condensing-pipes, and Morse magnetic telegraphs, 
 which may exist in Saturn, Jupiter or the Sun, or any other 
 place in the universe, without limitation of distance ; and 
 presently translates them into terrestrial fac-similes, amid 
 
92 THE PRACTICAL VISIONARY. 
 
 the envy or delight of his wondering brethren, and straight- 
 way the mad hopeless Visionary becomes the practical Hero 
 of the mart and forum, and the musical clink of dollars fol- 
 lows his steps. 
 
 What small inventors have seen in the way of soap and 
 steam-engines, or " light out-speeding telegraphs that bear 
 nothing on their beam," Fourier has seen of human soci- 
 ties and organized attractive labor. He has caught the 
 whole Social movement in the fact, as it is now proceeding 
 in some superior planet, or in the sphere of spiritual sub- 
 stances, and thence translated it into the language of the earth. 
 It was his misfortune that being only a Man and not a Planet 
 or a Sun, he had to talk in mere words, and write in mere 
 black lines, instead of using for his symbols concrete words 
 or facts, and writing his adventures with that pen 
 
 " Which on the first day drew 
 Upon the tablets blue 
 The dancing Pleiades and eternal Men." 
 
 The consummation, however, though delayed, is hardly 
 less certain, since though Fourier be removed from the rank 
 of practical inventors into that of prophets, the forces of 
 Sun and Earth with all the planetary choir, urge us steadily 
 in the direction he has foreshown. 
 
 The great transition between the sphere of Poetry and 
 that of introversion, must be sought in a state which though 
 devoid of direct external or social uses shall yet be an 
 innocent and pleasurable exercise of our sentiments of affec- 
 tion and our ideas of intellect ; this state is found in Sleep 
 and the phenomena of dreams. 
 
 Sleep is an organic condition, in which the visceral life 
 and the sympathetic or ganglionic nervous system, chiefly 
 
PHENOMENA OF SLEEP. 93 
 
 distributed on the viscera, and presiding over the functions 
 of nutrition and secretion, dominate over the intellectual and 
 locomotive life, and over the cerebro-spinal system, distrib- 
 uted chiefly to the external senses and muscles. Thus in- 
 ternal reception supersedes external activity, and man, lying 
 quiet as to his little finite self-hood, is opened to the inflow 
 of the tides of the earth life, and his spirit to the visitations 
 of other spirits in a deeper and wider sense than is permitted 
 to his waking and active hours. 
 
 Of sleep there are several distinct kinds — 1st, simple 
 sleep, or rest of body and mind, which is the more perfect 
 as we are more completely unconscious. 2d, mixt sleep, in 
 which the phantasy is active, and the illusion of dream oc- 
 curs, lively and pleasing when health and the events of our 
 ordinary course of life are propitious ; gloomy and frightful 
 under organic disturbance or trouble of mind. 
 
 The third kind of sleep is that in which the spiritual 
 functions of the ganglionic system and its related organs in 
 the brain appear ; and when, in a state analogous to the som- 
 nambulic and clairvoyant, the soul is in a certain manner 
 disengaged, free, and apt for spiritual converse and recep- 
 tion. This constitutes the transitional state, which we 
 should naturally expect to find between this mundane life 
 and the ultramundane life to which death introduces us. 
 
 We do not expect to find clearness or regularity in phe- 
 nomena of transition. Mystery is here at home. Nothing 
 can, however, be more natural, than that once by any means 
 emancipated from the chains and rivets of habit and mem- 
 ory, very curious, unwonted, and sublime powers should 
 reveal themselves, and extend our eccentric idiosyncrasies in 
 a manner highly inconvenient for the systematic classifica- 
 tions of sciences ; whose ministers, thus repulsed, are apt to 
 
94 PHANTASY AND CLAIRVOYANCE. 
 
 put on very silly pets, and meet facts with shrugs, ridicule, 
 or ignorant denials. The phantasy is often blended in action 
 with faculties of the higher and more independent sleep- 
 waking vision and audition, so that very few even of real 
 clairvoyants are reliable. 
 
 The late Dr. Cleveland, of Providence, who used to mag- 
 netize considerably, told me that his most lucid clairvoyants, 
 in the midst of accurate descriptions of distant places where 
 they had never been, would introduce circumstantial details 
 about rooms and persons that had no existence — at least at 
 that time — so that there was either complete illusion, or 
 else confusion of the present with the past or the future. 
 
 The late M. Cahagnet — a poor French artisan, and pure 
 minded votary of truth and good-will, has given us an inte- 
 resting work composed entirely of the conversations of his 
 clairvoyants with spirits in other planes of existence than 
 ours. The views which they present of the life after death, 
 though not very clear or uniform, are on the whole pleasing 
 and consolatory, and likely to remove many morbid impres- 
 sions and spiritual nightmares which an ignorant and blun- 
 dering theory has fastened on those who listen too earnestly 
 to its teachers. 
 
 I offer homage, says Zoroaster, to sleep, given by Ormusd. 
 for the relief of living creatures : who has given to the slave 
 the night for his guide. We are all slaves in so far as the 
 force of moral duties prevails over the spontaneous expres- 
 sion of our affections and instincts ; and sleep is our guide, 
 because in rendering the external or moral life quiescent, it 
 restores us to the play of spontaneity, though this be con- 
 fined to subjective activity. Let me illustrate the sweet and 
 innocent play of phantasy in sleep by the pen of one of those 
 rarely gifted beings whose mediation connects us with the 
 
THE POETRY OF SLEEP. 95 
 
 superior spheres of existence, with whom poetry is not an 
 effort, a spasmodic expression, but the natural voice of a life 
 in harmony with itself and with nature, so that it is the very 
 music of the sphere, and seems less to speak of itself than to 
 lend its organs to the voice of guardian angels. I am per- 
 mitted to use this poem which has been long in my posses- 
 sion, and may here venture to express a hope that others 
 as exquisite, from the same fountain, will not be withheld 
 from the hearts that are ready to welcome them. It is by 
 Harriet Winslow List : 
 
 DREAM-LAND. 
 
 Day may boast of bounteous spirits 
 
 All the airiest, brightest, best 5 
 Ah ! the night has one kind angel 
 
 That can rival all the rest. 
 
 Throw some dreamy spell around me, 
 
 Oh, sweet Sleep, that I may sing 
 All the wonders thou hast shown me, — 
 
 All the wealth that thou canst bring ! 
 
 True, thy gold for daylight uses, 
 
 Is a thing of little worth ; 
 To build railroads it refuses, 
 
 Or regenerate the earth 3 
 
 But thy kingdom boasts of treasures 
 
 That nor moth nor rust invite, 
 If unfit for worldly uses, 
 
 All exempt from worldly blight. 
 
 Softly on the drooping eyelids, 
 
 Thou distillest charmed dew ; 
 Spell more potent, speedier, surer, 
 
 Puck nor Ariel ever knew. 
 
96 THE DREAM-LAND 
 
 Sorrow, like a dream, reeedeth, — 
 Tears and sins are washed away, — 
 
 And night offers all we wildly, 
 Vainly prayed for through the day. 
 
 Then the coldest eyes beam kindly, 
 Sternest lips let fond words fall, 
 
 And the love so late despaired of 
 Throws enchantment over all. 
 
 Then the walls uplift, o'er-arching, 
 
 Through the fretwork gleam the stars ; 
 
 And the spirit breaks exulting 
 Matter's stern relentless bars. 
 
 Then the dear familiar voices — 
 Voices heard by day no more — 
 
 Fill the eyes with tearful gladness, 
 Thrill the heart through as of yore. 
 
 Every wish is fondly echoed 
 
 By beloved lips and eyes ; 
 Every wind a wish fulfilleth, 
 
 Laden with some sweet surprise. 
 
 And with those most loved and longed for. 
 
 Hand in hand we gaily go, 
 Over fields where softened Sunlight 
 
 Gilds and hallows all below : 
 
 Over fields where shine and shadow 
 Chase each other through the day, 
 
 And the breezes lightest whisper 
 Woos some sweet perfume away : 
 
 Where the pine trees towering proudly 
 Girdle us like guards around, 
 
 And the willows bow in passing 
 Till their tresses touch the ground. 
 
AND ITS HEAVENS. 97 
 
 Beauties of all climes and seasons 
 
 Fairy dream land, blend in thee ; 
 Summer's smile and winters wildness 
 
 Highland hill and Lowland lie. 
 
 From the hill-top leaps the rivulet. 
 
 To its own song dancing free 5 
 Earnest and all-daring lover ! 
 
 As it bounds to meet the sea. 
 
 Then the clouds reveal fair faces, 
 
 Strangely sweet the wind-harps play, 
 
 And the tre^s make human gestures, 
 Mutely beckoning us away. 
 
 Till at last we reach exulting 
 
 Those bright realms where joy has birth ; 
 Those receding sunset regions 
 
 Where the heavens kiss the earth. 
 
 Lovely land ! the dazzling daylight 
 
 Breaks too soon thy shadowy spell j 
 Yet long after, on the eyelids, 
 
 Thy sweet influences dwell. 
 
 Therefore wildering visions haunt us 
 
 Mid the tumult of the day, 
 But we pause to ask their meanings, 
 
 And like ghosts they glide away. 
 
LECTU&E III. 
 THE CONCRETE MAN. 
 
 SPHERE OF PRACTICAL ULTI MATES. 
 
 The Solar Ray is constituted of three principles, — the 
 Caloric, the Luminous, and the Electric, or portion of the ray 
 most active in determining chemical changes in minerals 
 and plants. 
 
 As it permeates the atmosphere and surface of the earth 
 and other planets^ it resumes and continues by the most sub- 
 tile intercourse, that connection which seemed to have been 
 broken when these planets were thrown off from their solid 
 aggregation with the body of the Sun. 
 
 Coming into relation with the Earth by its rays, the Sun 
 develops from its mould which these rays permeate, three 
 orders of being, or rather beings characterized by three 
 spheres of qualities corresponding to the three elements of 
 the Solar ray. 
 
 The heat or calorific element of the ray, corresponding 
 with the red color, reproduces or develops itself in that 
 sphere of existence, which we term in our own conscious- 
 ness of it, Affection or passionate desire, which we designate 
 as Ambition, Friendship, Love or family Affection, accord- 
 ing to the circumstances in which it acts, and the objects of 
 its action, and whose organization is to be studied in the vis- 
 cera of the trunk of the body. The light or luminous ele- 
 ment of the Solar ray, develops in the beings formed of the 
 
SPHERE OF PRACTICAL ULT1MATES. 99 
 
 earth mould, that property or sphere which our own con- 
 sciousness names as intelligence or instinct ; it is organ- 
 ized in the brain and given to be the spouse of passion or 
 Affection, and to guide it to the attainment of its ends. 
 
 For this purpose is requisite the intervention of the third 
 element of the Solar ray, the chemical or electric, which 
 develops in created beings the third order or sphere of 
 faculties which our own consciousness designates as that 
 of Uses or practical efficiency in ultimating our desires in 
 facts. It is in this third sphere that the two other princi- 
 ples of affection and intelligence incarnate themselves in re- 
 sults, so that in studying this sphere we gain practical no- 
 tions of the others, and of our nature as a whole. 
 
 Here the Solar and Planetary life is manifested or exter- 
 nalized, brought under the cognizance of our senses and 
 within the grasp of our mnscles. The organic apparatus 
 of this third sphere is composed of the senses and muscles, 
 and of the nervous system connecting them in action. 
 
 This nervous system is constituted by a central brain or 
 cerebro spinal axis, and a surface brain whose particles are 
 disposed in the tissue of the skin ; the centres and sur- 
 faces are connected by a double system of telegraphic 
 nerves. 
 
 1st. Set of Afferent nerves conveying sensations or excite- 
 ments from the surfaces to the centres. 
 
 2d. Set of Efferent nerves conveying from the centres to 
 the muscles of each part the volition or reflected excitement 
 from the centres. 
 
 These functions of the two sets of nerves has been per- 
 fectly demonstrated by Sir Charles Bell and other anato- 
 mists, who have examined them at their point of exit from 
 the spinal column in two bundles, — the section of one of 
 
100 SYNTHESIS OF MAN. 
 
 
 which paralyzes motion, that of the other, sensation in the 
 parts to which they proceed. 
 
 The simplest organic form is that of a Cell or Stomach, as 
 exhibited by all animal and vegetable structures, and the 
 simplest function or passional manifestation is that of Self- 
 Appropriation or Nutrition. 
 
 We next see this central passion and its organic apparatus 
 developing itself in the different viscera of the trunk in 
 animals progressively rising in the grades of organization, 
 and exhibiting corresponding passional developments in the 
 spheres of Friendship, Ambition, Love and Familism, whose 
 physiological and physiognomical characters I treat in my 
 first lecture. 
 
 These passions in their Synthesis, represent the caloric 
 element of the Solar ray organized in man. In my second 
 Lecture I exhibit the passions, acquiring the intelligent con- 
 sciousness of their objects and methods of attainment by a 
 cerebral or brain development upon the visceral, correspond- 
 ing to the luminous element of the Solar ray, and comprising 
 the instinctual and intellectual spheres of the creature, whose 
 functions and phrenological characters have long been fruit- 
 ful objects of scientific research. 
 
 I now call your attention to the sphere of practical ultimates, 
 where the caloric and luminous rays occupy only the inte- 
 rior of the picture, like the lamp in those transparencies , 
 whose figures painted outside are thus rendered visible like 
 the phenomenal creation which we call Nature. 
 
 As the caloric and luminous elements are always implied, 
 to a certain extent, in the production of chemical effects,. so 
 the passional and intellectual principles are always implied 
 in our production of uses. Behind every effect or practical 
 result there lies a force and a method in which the force 
 
THE ARTIST AND HARMONIST. 101 
 
 acts. In the human organism, and in all animals, the pas- 
 sional, and the intellectual or instinctual organs, though al- 
 ways the essential, internal, causing and methodizing prin- 
 ciples, are manifest in nature and art only by their results or 
 workmanship. 
 
 We are here to consider Man as the Artist and Harmo- 
 nist of the mineral, vegetable and animal world, and finally 
 of himself, in practically determining and bringing about the 
 conditions and spheres whence beautiful, happy and harmo- 
 nious organizations and lives are evolved ; since as the sphere, 
 so is the life that flows into it. To the waters, fish ; to the 
 air, birds ; to the plants, animals and insects ; to wild, new 
 countries, savage societies ; to the farm regions, a dull, quiet, 
 brawny force ; to cities a nervous spasmodic activity of busi- 
 ness, a concentration and intensity of feeling and motion, a 
 a development of new wants, new sufferings, and new 
 spheres of spiritual conquest. 
 
 In the creation or modification of spheres, the Natural 
 Sciences blend with Social Science, Man becomes a co- 
 efficient of the Solar ray, and the affinities which we sustain 
 with the mineral, vegetable and animal world, furnish the 
 neutral pivots of our industry, form the substratum on 
 which human or social affinities develop themselves. (See 
 " Solar Ray," Third Section, on " Incarnation.") 
 
 In tracing the practical inspirationl^)f the Solar ray, we 
 shall conceive how the conditions of Individual development 
 naturally blend with those of Social and collective well- 
 being, and our Industrial Destiny as Artists and Harmonists of 
 Nature, with our Passional or spiritual Destiny of happiness. 
 
 Man, noblest child, in whom his parent Planet finds at 
 last a voice for all her pain and all her hope, in whom she 
 takes hold on Heaven, and on whom she waits for the fulfil- 
 
102 MAN AND THE EARTH. 
 
 ment of God's will in her own harmonies, Man cannot, must 
 not, seek to separate his fate from the destinies of his Mother 
 Earth. He is the Artist. — Before him lie the plastic ele- 
 ments of Nature, within him that Ideal Unity, at once the 
 primal cause, the supreme sanction, and the ultimate ten- 
 dency of all terrestrial forms and beings, his own crowning 
 the summit. 
 
 Does the Architect or Sculptor fear the rudely quarried 
 marble ? Can the Painter find no beautiful shadowing from 
 his ochres on his canvass ? Is the Poet disgusted with 
 words, or the Farmer with his fallow acres ? No. Because 
 the spiritual force possesses, modifies, creates and recreates 
 by some galvano-plastic art, its own expression in material 
 form ; because the Ideal, though baffled, must conquer at 
 last ; because the Individual Soul by its contact with God 
 above and Matter below, becomes the continent of Harmony 
 and Subversion, of historic and prophetic ages. 
 
 I have already spoken of the nervous organism, of its cen- 
 tral and surface brains, its afferent and efferent system of 
 telegraphic nerves, conveying sensitive excitement and mo- 
 tive impulse. Let us consider more maturely the nature of 
 this circuit. The Viscera of our thorax, abdomen and pelvis, 
 which organize the functions of respiration, nutrition, circu- 
 lation and reproduction, are animated and connected in 
 their action, so as tc#form One Central Organ or sphere of 
 life, by means of the Ganglionic or Sympathetic nerve, 
 in its relations with the Brain and with the surfaces of the 
 body, its senses and limbs, it gives the seat of the affections 
 or passions, which by the intelligent faculties developed in 
 the brain acquire the consciousness of their wants, and by 
 the senses and limbs express themselves and work out their 
 ends in matter or in Practical Uses. 
 
NATURAL CIRCUIT OF FORCES. 103 
 
 Agents of all Physical reception, nutrition and internal 
 connections or sympathies, the Viscera, are by a correspond- 
 ence of Spiritual with Material functions, at the same time 
 the sphere of Spiritual reception, nutrition and sympathy. 
 They constitute the Organic Fountain of passion and instinct, 
 in which the influx of life from the Sun and earth is con- 
 verted to the uses of each individual being. 
 
 To this organic fountain of passions and instincts the 
 brain corresponds in all its faculties^ through which these 
 passions and instincts effect their relations with the external 
 world. 
 
 This is the circle of actions : 
 
 1 st. The internal desires of the Being, whether of a ma- 
 terial character, as the need of food ; or of a spiritual charac- 
 ter, as the need of affection ; organize themselves in the 
 Visceral Centres, of which the chief are the Cardiac, the So- 
 lar, and the Hypogastric plexuses of the Sympathetic nerve. 
 
 2d. The stimulus of these desires is communicated to the 
 corresponding cerebral faculties through the nervous anasto- 
 moses of the Sympathetic with the Cerebro-spioal system. 
 
 3d. The incited receptivity is manifested by the brain 
 in the internal Senses, which now wake in their external 
 organs, through the macquiring and transmitting to the brain 
 all impressions made upon them from the external world. 
 Such is the true order. External stimuli may force them- 
 selves upon the senses, to the brain, and through it, effect 
 in the Visceral centres, changes and excitements which are 
 foreign to our internal or instinctual desires. Such changes 
 confuse, disturb, torture and vitiate the organic, and finally, 
 the spiritual life. 
 
 In the simple act of taking food for example, the natural 
 circuit of action, is — 
 
104 NATURAL CIRCUIT OF FORCES. 
 
 1st. The Internal state of desire or Organic passion of 
 hunger. 
 
 2d. Nervous act of transmitting this desire to the cerebral 
 pole of alimentiveness, and consequent excitement of the per- 
 ceptive organs and the external senses by which we become 
 aware of the presence of the objects desired ; (the Sensual 
 organs or terminal expansion of the nervous system, 
 being to the Brain, what the brain itself is to the Visceral 
 centre.) 
 
 3d. Reflected impression from the external objects of 
 desire on the senses, to the perceptive faculties of the Cen- 
 tral Brain, and from thence to the Visceral centre whence 
 the desire first proceeded. 
 
 4th. Passional emotion at once in the brain and viscera 
 from the conscious presence of desired objects. (This is 
 evidenced by a general animation, whenever hunger has at- 
 tained a degree of healthy intensity. The horse neighs ; 
 the dog leaps up, barks, and shakes his tail ; the cat tribe 
 move stealthily, rapidly, with admirable force and grace, and 
 human beings, when unrestrained by etiquette, show no less 
 evident marks of satisfaction. We each know for ourselves 
 the nature of that internal consciousness expressed by this 
 animation.) 
 
 5th. Transmission of passional volition from the Visceral 
 Centre to the Cerebral Pole. 
 
 6th. Emotion, (not again of the Senses, since the first 
 mentioned impression on them, and circuit of action still 
 continues,) but of the Cerebellum and Medulla Oblongata, 
 whence proceed the voluntary nerves to the muscles, deter- 
 mining their contraction and movement upon the object de- 
 sired, which, by the compound action of the lower extrem- 
 ities or locomotive organs, and of the upper extremities or 
 
FROM WITHIN OUTWARDS. 105 
 
 prehensile organs, they seize, and thus effect the first act 
 of self- appropriation. 
 
 7th. Reflected impression from the senses through the 
 perceptive organs, through the cerebral pole of the pas- 
 sion now in action, before reaching the visceral centre, gives 
 the consciousness of possession, manifested by new move- 
 ments of animation. 
 
 8th. The double circuit continues in full activity, and is 
 applied to the requisite actions of taking the food into the 
 mouth, mastication and deglutition, until it is thus brought 
 into apposition with the mucous membrane of the visceral 
 organ which is the special seat of the organic passion, and 
 on whose periphery the sympathetic or organic nerves ex- 
 pand their fibrils, thus terminating the second act of self- 
 appropriation. 
 
 The secondary internal circuits are connected with the 
 functions of gastric secretion ; of the nutrition of tissues ; of 
 the organic thanks and participation in the pleasures of pos- 
 session returned to the brain, and to all portions of the 
 system : 
 
 1st. Through the vivifying afflux of nervous aroma from 
 the visceral centres. 
 
 2d. Through the circulation of new formed blood, of 
 which it is not here necessary to speak. 
 
 The circuits of action connected with the acquisition of 
 other objects of desire, are analogous to that of food, and 
 even if the passion be of a spiritual character, it is indebted 
 for its expressions and impressions to material acts and sym- 
 bols involving similar acquisitions and appropriations, and 
 to the same physiological circuits. Now, if instead of the 
 order of action above explained, in the case of food, the 
 organic passion or appetite remain dormant, but the senses 
 
106 INCITEMENT VS. EXCITEMENT. 
 
 of smell and sight are first acted on by the presence ot 
 delicate viands, if the system be in a state of full force and 
 of passional tension on other objects and the stomach quite 
 healthy ; a feeble impression may indeed be transmitted from 
 the objects through the senses and perceptive organs to the 
 cerebral pole of alimentiveness and thence to the visceral 
 centre, but it will meet there with no response. The 
 third circuit, tending to possession and practical ultimation, 
 will not be formed, and the former train of impulses and 
 actions will continue undisturbed. If, however, the central 
 life of the system have been weakened and deteriorated by 
 any causes either physical or passional, it will be liable to 
 undue impression from the presence of the external object ; 
 the second circuit of action will consequently be formed, 
 and the food will be brought into apposition with the mu- 
 cous coat of the stomach unprepared to digest it, and where 
 it remains as a source of irritation and disturbance commu- 
 nicated from the stomach to the whole system — first through 
 nervous, and second through sanguineous afflux as above 
 stated. Such is the case with all appropriations of exter- 
 nal things ; which are relatively goods or evils to us, accord- 
 ing as the desire for them pre-existed in us, or was arbi- 
 trarily determined by the circumstance of their presence. 
 
 The first order, in which the correspondence between the 
 Soul and Nature is from within outwards, is in the line of 
 our development, and the originating desires are Primary 
 and Essential Attractions or Incitements. 
 
 The second order, in which the correspondence is inverted, 
 from without inwards, is pernicious or subversive of our true 
 development, and the desires induced upon us are Secondary 
 and Accidental Attractions or Excitements. 
 
 This distinction is all important in Social Science. The 
 
ATTRACTION VS. TEMPTATION. 107 
 
 terms Attraction and Passion, as used in works of Social 
 Science always apply to the primary or essential desires of 
 the Soul. The passions and temptations of the world, the 
 flesh, and the devil, in the common phraseology, apply 
 properly only to the secondary or incidental attractions, to 
 the inverted circuit of action. 
 
 The first class of attractions tend absolutely to Harmony ; 
 to particular harmonies if separately considered, to general 
 or universal harmony upon condition of the true Social Or- 
 ganization where the Spiritual Affections dominate and spirit- 
 ualize the senses, and both are harmonized by the play of 
 the three mechanizing distributives under the collective tonic 
 of Unityism. Discords and evils can be connected with this 
 class of attractions only in case of their obstruction or col- 
 lision, and perversion by absence of the Passional Series ; 
 they are not necessary but accidental and removable effects. 
 
 The second class of Attractions, tend absolutely to Ruin, 
 to particular and to general mischief, disorder and suf- 
 fering, and this without any other reference to the presence 
 or absence of Social organization, than the fact of their oc- 
 currence being incidental to a state either of abnormal 
 weakness or of idleness and absence of the play of the Affec- 
 tions ; conditions from which the social and industrial move- 
 ment of the Passional Series guarantees every individual. 
 All in short that is forced upon the being from without is 
 false and evil ; all that is spontaneous development and ex- 
 pression of itself is good. Thus is explained one of the 
 phases of that hydra-headed evil which may be stated in a 
 series of equations or convertible terms, as 
 
 1st. Incomplete development, weakness, paralysis, con- 
 cussion ; rendering the individual incapable of resisting in- 
 trusions on his personality, and expressing the confusion 
 
108 INFERNAL EQUATIONS, 
 
 into which the spontaneous life is thrown by the morality of 
 external relations. 
 
 2d. Poverty, misery, materialism, asceticism, simplism — 
 expressive of the atrophy which the soul undergoes in a 
 false order of social relations. 
 
 3d. Selfishness, expressive of the retraction of the injured 
 soul within itself in abnegation of those false relations where 
 it has found only treasons and injuries. 
 
 4th. Ignorance, stupidity, absurdity, error, deception, 
 insanity expressive of the narrowed and darkened state of the 
 individual soul cut off from social expansion, passional affin- 
 ities and opportunities of culture and information. 
 
 5th. Disorder, vice, excess, disease — expressive of the 
 internal false reactions into which the soul falls from the 
 absence of external or objective harmonies. 
 
 6th. Crime — expressive of the aggressive reaction of the 
 individual soul against Society. 
 
 7th, Sin or Schism of the individual Soul with God, 
 source of influx for that life which it perverts and abuses. 
 
 Now we understand why labor has been generally repug- 
 nant and degrading, while u things have been in the saddle 
 and rode mankind," and why the life of the Senses has been 
 placed under the ban of religion and philosophy — because 
 they have let in floods of dirty water upon the soul, instead 
 of being only the gates or doors by which the soul goes 
 forth to pasture in nature, and we perceive that the restora- 
 tion of labor and of the senses to their true dignity only 
 awaits an order of education and of society, which instead 
 of treating the Soul like a convict sent into the world as 
 into a penitentiary to be broken into suffering, shall consider 
 it as a divine creature permanently sustained by the mag- 
 netic current of its instincts in relation with its Solar Source, 
 
WISDOM OF rNSTINCT. 109 
 
 a system of education which trusting to every child's spon- 
 taneous energies and discriminating preferences, shall be 
 limited to provide it with opportunities and means of finding 
 what it wants in order to develop itself in practical useful- 
 ness as a true artist according to the internal law of its nature. 
 
 Let us follow it from its earliest motion or expression even 
 in the inferior animals, and gain more confidence in the wis- 
 dom of the all-quickening Sun, and the capacity of self- 
 adjustment with which he inspires creatures before they 
 begin to impose their methods upon others. I extract from 
 Darwin's " Zoonomia." 
 
 We experience some sensations and perform some actions 
 before our nativity. The foetus, by spontaneous movements 
 which begin about the middle of gestation, wraps the um- 
 bilical cord round its body and sometimes ties it in a knot. 
 
 Many of the actions of young animals which at first sight 
 seemed only referable to an inexplicable instinct, will appear 
 to have been acquired like all other animal actions that are 
 attended with consciousness, by the repeated efforts of our 
 muscles under the conduct of our sensations and desires. 
 
 The chick in the shell begins to move its feet and legs on 
 the sixth or seventh day of incubation, afterwards to move 
 itself gently in the fluid that surrounds it, and to open and 
 shut its mouth. Towards the end of gestation the foetuses 
 of many animals drink part of the liquid in which they swim, 
 the white of egg being found in the stomachs of young ovids, 
 and the liquor amnii in those of beasts and human foetuses. 
 As much as three pints has been found in that of the calf. 
 The absence of all possible external irritation in the equal 
 temperature of the warm fluid in which they float before 
 birth, and the reception of all impressions from the mother 
 through the umbilical cord immediately into their visceral 
 
110 INVESTIGATION OF INSTINCT. 
 
 centres leaves these motions entirely spontaneous. Next 
 comes the inspiration of air into the lungs. After birth 
 when the circulation of the blood is no longer continued 
 through the placenta, that suffocating sensation which we 
 feel about the proecordia when we are in want of fresh air, 
 disagreeably affects the infant and all the muscles of the 
 body are excited into action in order to relieve this oppres- 
 sion, those of the breast, ribs and diaphragm are found to 
 answer this purpose, and thus respiration is discovered, and 
 is continued through our lives as often as the oppression be- 
 gins to recur. Many infants both of the human creature 
 and of quadrupeds struggle for a minute after they are born 
 before they begin to breathe. Some children sneeze first. 
 Next in order come the actions prompted by hunger, which 
 is the conscious necessity of self-appropriating certain mat- 
 ters from the world around us to supply the waste of the tis- 
 sues in motion, and to develop them according to the pre- 
 determined type of the adult animal. This conscious want 
 is conveyed from all parts of the body, probably by the fibrils 
 of the Sympathetic Nerve, whieh, to use the words of the 
 great Bichat, " companion the arteries," and they centre 
 in the plexuses of the Sympathetic Nerve, whence the sen- 
 sation is reflected on the brain through the Par Vagum. 
 The suflicingness of instinct thus prompted to discriminate 
 truly, may be inferred from the following experiment related 
 by Galen : 
 
 " On dissecting a goat, great with young, I found a brisk 
 embryo, and having detached it from the womb and snatch- 
 ing it away before it saw its dam, I brought it into a certain 
 room where there were many vessels, some filled with 
 wine, others with oil, some with honey, others with milk or 
 some other liquor, and in others were grain and fruits. We 
 
INSTINCTUAL PROVIDENCE. Ill 
 
 observed the young animal get upon its feet and walk ; then 
 it shook itself, and afterwards scratched its side with one of 
 its feet, then we saw it smelling to every one of these things 
 that were set in the room, and when it had smelt to them 
 all, it drank up the milk. 7 ' (L. 6 de Cocis, cap 6.) 
 
 Parturient quadrupeds, as cats, bitches and sows, are led 
 by their sense of smell to eat the placenta as other common 
 food. Why then do they not devour their whole progeny 
 as is represented in an ancient emblem of Saturn or Time ? 
 This is sometimes the case with sows unnaturally confined, 
 and indeed nature would seem to have endangered her 
 offspring in this nice conjuncture. But at this time the 
 stimulus of the milk in the tumid teats of the mother, excites 
 her to look out for and to desire some unknown circum- 
 stance to relieve her. At the same time the smell of the 
 milk attracts the exertions of the young animals towards its 
 source, and thus the delighted mother discovers a new pas- 
 sion, and her little progeny are led to receive and to com- 
 municate pleasure by this most beautiful contrivance. 
 
 In the act of swallowing, it is necessary to close the mouth, 
 whether the creature be immersed in the fluid it is about to 
 drink or not ; hence when the child first attempts to suck, 
 it does not slightly compress the nipple between its lips and 
 suck as an adult would do by absorbing the milk, but it 
 takes the whole nipple into its mouth for this purpose, com- 
 presses it between its gums, and thus repeatedly chewing 
 the nipple, presses out the milk exactly in the same manner 
 as it is drawn from the teats of cows by the hands of the 
 milkmaid. 
 
 Harvey, who discovered the circulation of the blood, ob- 
 serves that the foetus in the womb must have sucked a 
 part of its nourishment, because it knows how to suck the 
 
112 DEVELOPMENT OF INSTINCT. 
 
 minute it is born, as any one may experience by putting a 
 finger between its lips, and because in a few days it forgets 
 this art of sucking, and cannot without some difficulty again 
 acquire it. 
 
 A little farther experience teaches the young animal to 
 suck by absorption as well as by compression ; that is, to 
 open the chest as in the beginning of respiration, and thus to 
 rarify the air in the mouth that the pressure of the external 
 atmosphere may contribute to force out the milk. 
 
 The chick yet in the shell has learned to drink by swal- 
 lowing a part of the white of the egg as food, but not hay- 
 ing experienced how to take up and swallow solid seeds or 
 grains, is either taught by the solicitous industry of its 
 mother, or by many repeated attempts is enabled at length 
 to distinguish and swallow this kind of nourishment. Many 
 of us have perhaps noticed in the papers lately, the account 
 of a brood of motherless chickens instructed in this first in- 
 dustry by one of the little brothers or sisters in whom the 
 stronger instinct conquered by spontaneous motion its sphere 
 of activity. 
 
 The senses of smell and taste in other animals are much 
 "better servants of instinct than in civilized man. Our food 
 feeing generally prepared by others, and adulterated with 
 spice, oil, potash, other condiments, or alkalis, we do not 
 hesitate about eating whatever is set before us, and neglect 
 to cultivate these senses ; whereas other animals try every 
 morsel by the smell before they take it into their mouths, 
 and by the taste before they swallow it. 
 
 The development of Soul in those animals, formed like the 
 mammalia for contact with the earth, bears a general ratio 
 to the refinement of the sense of touch. The monkey has 
 a hand well enough adapted for the sense of touch, which 
 
 i 
 
AND REASON FROM SENSATION. 1J3 
 
 contributes to his great facility of imitation, but in taking 
 objects with his hand, as a stick or an apple, he puts his 
 thumb on the same side of them with his fingers, instead of 
 counteracting the pressure of his fingers with it ; from this 
 neglect he is much slower in acquiring the figures of objects 
 and their other physical qualities. Some ourangs throw 
 stones with a certain degree of dexterity, and old ones are 
 known, after losing their teeth, to crack nuts with a stone 
 given them for the purpose. 
 
 The elephant, endowed with an exquisite sense of touch at 
 the end of his proboscis has acquired very accurate ideas of 
 form, surface and weight, and is after man second to none 
 in intelligence. All the quadrupeds that have collar bones 
 use their fore limbs in some measure as we use our hands, 
 as the squirrel, the bear, cat, tiger and lion, and as they ex- 
 ercise the sense of touch more than other animals, so are 
 they more sagacious in watching and surprising their prey. 
 All those birds that use their claws for hands, as the hawk 
 and parrot, appear to be more docile and intelligent, and 
 the whole class of incessores or perchers occupies the first 
 position in the classification by fives, which Mr. Swainson 
 has developed with so much interest. 
 
 Our perception of beauty is the recognition of those ob- 
 jects or qualities whose adaptation to us has first been made 
 through our senses of touch, taste and smell. When the 
 babe soon after it is born into this world is applied to its 
 mother's bosom, its sense of perceiving warmth is first 
 agreeably affected, next its sense of smell is delighted with 
 the odor of her milk, then its sense of taste is gratified by the 
 flavor of it, afterwards the appetites of hunger and of thirst 
 afford pleasure, by the possession of their objects and by the 
 subsequent digestion of the aliment, and lastly the sense of 
 
114 THE POETRY OF SENSATION. 
 
 touch is delighted by the smoothness of the milky fountain, 
 the source of such variety of happiness. 
 
 All these various kinds of pleasure at length become asso- 
 ciated with the form of the mother's breast, which the infant 
 embraces with its hands, presses with its lips and watches 
 with its eyes, and thus acquires the most accurate ideas. 
 Hence in our maturer years when any object of vision is 
 presented whose waves or spirals resemble the form of the 
 female bosom, whether it is a landscape with soft gradations 
 of rising and descending surface, or the forms of antique 
 vases or other works of the pencil or the chisel, we feel a 
 general glow of delight which seems to influence all our 
 senses, and if the object be not too large, we want to em- 
 brace it with our arms and to salute it with our lips as we did 
 in our early infancy the bosom of our mother. 
 
 Thus we find according to the ingenious idea of Hogarth, 
 that the waving lines of beauty originate in the temple of 
 Venus. 
 
 It is through the sense of our relation with objects ac- 
 quired by the sense of touch, that we are instructed in grace 
 or beauty of posture and motion, and this is often remarkable 
 in children and in animals without any training of art, though 
 it is perfected by that sort of experience or exercise of the 
 sense of touch (which in the muscles we call weight,) given 
 by dancing, fencing, and other harmonic exercises. 
 
 Harmonic motions are to be distinguished into two classes, 
 — the Magnetic and the Productive. Productive action is 
 always in different degrees magnetic, but magnetic motions 
 are not always productive of anything farther than the 
 pleasure and development of the persons engaged in them. 
 Dancing and fencing, for instance, are thus only indirectly 
 useful ; while ploughing or hammering at the anvil, where the 
 
ANALYSIS OF HARMONIC MOVEMENT. 115 
 
 magnetic circuit is formed not. with other human beings, but 
 with the Earth and the iron, produce uses apart from the 
 individual development of the ploughman or blacksmith. 
 
 All spontaneous motions originating in the necessities and 
 passional springs of our own life, are either magnetic or 
 productive of external uses or both. It is a useful standard 
 and one which condemns as wasteful and as irritating and ex- 
 hausting to the nervous system all those violent simple 
 gymnastic exercises in which one person only is engaged. 
 It is possible, indeed, thus to excite the circulation and to 
 determine the flow of force in a given direction as to cer- 
 tain muscles habitually exercised, but even in these respects 
 the imperfect circuit formed with the posts or ropes of a 
 gymnasium is far inferior to the development that is gained 
 by useful labor, and it is really an insult to one's body. It 
 is to the muscles what metaphysics is to the intellect, and 
 of this you have, I hope by this time, a proper horror. 
 
 One reason why the exercise taken in productive labor 
 is more invigorating, is that the inertia of the matter on which 
 we operate, as in hoeing, ploughing, sawing wood, or any 
 mechanical labor, operates as a check to our expenditure of 
 force, and teaches us to breathe and gather force between 
 our strokes. 
 
 Often as in pruning trees, or weaving, for instance, it is 
 also necessary to mind well what we are doing, and to em- 
 ploy our physical and intellectual faculties conjointly. Sub- 
 ject to these conditions, the functions suited to the true de- 
 velopment of every individual are indicated by his organic 
 structure and the instincts inherent to it. Civilization educates 
 us half cripples, with little use of our left sides, and still less 
 of our poor imprisoned toes ; and out of the numerous use- 
 ful arts for which every ordinary child is fitted, there are 
 
116 HARMONIES OF MOTION 
 
 few who develop even one, at the same time that the fatigue 
 of monotonous labor compromises vitality. 
 
 The conditions of truest development and greatest va- 
 riety are now given by agricultural pursuits. See work on 
 " Passional Hygiene." 
 
 Example of harmonic movement by passionsal instinct, 
 magnetic though not productive, from Melville's Omoo : 
 
 The dancers were arrayed in short tunics of white tappa, 
 with garlands of flowers on their heads.. Following them 
 were the duennas, who remained clustering about the house 
 while the girls advanced a few paces ; and in an instant, 
 two of them, taller than their companions, were standing 
 side by side in the middle of a ring, formed by the clasped 
 hands of the rest. This movement was made in perfect 
 silence. 
 
 Presently the two girls join hands over head, and crying 
 out, " Ahloo ! Ahloo ! " wave to and fro ; upon which the 
 ring begins to circle slowly — the dancers moving sideways, 
 with their arms a little drooping. Soon they quicken their 
 pace, and at last fly round and round ; bosoms heaving, 
 hair streaming, flowers dropping, and every sparkling eye 
 circling in what seemed a line of light. 
 
 Meanwhile the pair within are passing and repassing each 
 other incessantly, inclining sideways so that their long hair 
 falls far over ; they glide this way and that, one foot con- 
 tinually in the air, and their fingers thrown forth and twirl- 
 ing in the moonbeams. " Ahloo ! Ahloo ! " again cry the 
 dance-queens, and coming together in the middle of the ring, 
 they once more lift up the arch and stand motionless, — 
 " Ahloo ! Ahloo ! " Every link of the circle is broken ; 
 and the girls, deeply breathing, stand perfectly still. They 
 pant hard and fast a moment or two, and then, as the deep 
 
BY PASSIONAL INSTINCT. 117 
 
 flush is dying away from their faces, slowly recede all round ; 
 thus enlarging the ring again : the two leaders wave their 
 hands when the rest pause ; and now, far apart, they stand 
 in the still moonlight, like a circle of fairies. 
 
 Presently raising a strange chaunt they softly sway them- 
 selves, gradually quickening their movement, until at length 
 for a few passionate moments, with throbbing bosoms and 
 glowing cheeks, they abandon themselves to all the spirit of 
 the dance, apparently lost to everything around. But soon 
 subsiding into the same languid measure as before, they 
 become motionless, and then reeling forward on all sides, 
 their eyes swimming in their heads, join in one wild chorus, 
 and sink into each other's arms. 
 
 Such is the Lory Lory of the backsliding girls of Tamai. 
 
 This harmony of motion is instinctually developed among 
 the savage maidens of the South Pacific, in the passional 
 scale of love, to which, more or less connected with friendship, 
 nearly all dances belong, becoming complex and fascinating 
 in proportion to the truthful intervention of the three Dis- 
 tributive Passions — the Centrifugal or Cabalist, Centripetal 
 or Composite, and Oscillating or Papillon. 
 
 It is very beautiful to me, how instinct, first assisted by 
 the simple sense of touch, as we have seen in foetal and in- 
 fantile life, develops itself in constant tendencies to harmonize 
 our action with the sphere in which we exist, and how as 
 it becomes animated by passion it enlarges and varies these 
 harmonies in all our sensuous and spiritual functions. Hav- 
 ing given an example in the scale of Love, let us choose 
 another in that of Ambition, still continuing among Savages, 
 lest the calculations of pure intellect should be too much 
 mixed with the promptings of passional instinct : I quote 
 from Mr. C. W. Webber's " Old Hicks the Guide." 
 
AN INDIAN DRAMA. 118 
 
 The venerable person whom I have described as the civil 
 chief now took his position at the head of the open space 
 between the lines. All seemed to be waiting for him ; and 
 upon the waving of his hand, quick as thought, ten of the 
 common warriors nearest me wheeled their horses into the 
 open space with as much precision as if there had been but 
 one horse, and one rider to guide it. 
 
 They gave a loud whoop, and set off down the lines at 
 full speed. In a moment the riders disappeared, and to my 
 startled vision it seemed most like a troop of wild horses 
 flying from us ; and, though I soon remembered the com- 
 mon manoeuvre they had so often practised in their fights 
 with us, yet the feat now seemed not less dexterous, from 
 its unexpectedness. 
 
 They had laid themselves along the left side of their 
 horses, leaving nothing visible on the line of the back but 
 the horns of the saddles and the right knee of the leg, by 
 which they clung to their saddles. 
 
 They were riding in a close squad when they assumed 
 this position ; but first, one shot ahead, then another, an- 
 other, and so on, until the whole ten were careering in sin- 
 gle file, at short distances apart. 
 
 At the moment this manoeuvre had been performed, a 
 warrior had galloped out from Albert's side and struck 
 down a lance, to which was attached a round white target 
 of dressed Buffalo robe, stretched upon a rim of wood. 
 They passed within about forty paces of it, and each war- 
 rior, as he went by, let off an arrow at it from under the 
 neck of his horse, and then, quick as thought, the horses 
 swerved and turned short upon the return track. 
 
 As they did so, each warrior shifted his body to the other 
 side of his horse, and at a long distance dismissed another 
 
A SCENE FROM OLD HICKS. 119 
 
 arrow at the target. They were gathered into a squad 
 again, as they rejoined us, and sat erect in their saddles. 
 
 They exhibited great precision and dexterity in this 
 manoeuvre. They resumed their places, while a warrior, 
 who galloped in their rear, presented me the target. It was 
 about two feet in diameter, and I counted in it sixteen 
 arrow-holes of the twenty arrows which had been shot. 
 
 Another party of the same number now wheeled out, and 
 set off, apparently, in fierce pursuit of the unfortunate tar- 
 get-bearer, who spurred his horse before them as if for dear 
 life. 
 
 This party bore no lances or bows, but rode, swinging in 
 their right hands the slip-noose of a lariat, the coil of which 
 swung from their saddle-bows. 
 
 The poor fugitive was apparently overcome with fright, 
 and when the foremost of his pursuers had approached with- 
 in about ten paces of him, he threw up both his arms, as if 
 in an agony of terror. The lariat was instantly thrown 
 over one arm, and now the most extraordinary features of 
 agile horsemanship were exhibited by both, each in the ap- 
 parent effort to unhorse the other. 
 
 The fugitive performed feats which I had never before 
 imagined possible to any human being under such circum- 
 stances. It had seemed to me that the first tension of the 
 lariat should either have jerked him from his horse, or torn 
 off his arm ; but, to my astonishment, suddenly as his cap- 
 tor stopped his horse, this extraordinary Centaur stopped 
 his also, and the deadly rope hung for an instant slack be- 
 tween them. There was only a momentary pause, and they 
 rushed on, the hindmost apparently endeavoring to drag 
 the other back from his seat, and he, with the most incon- 
 ceivable alertness and nervous dexterity, seeming not only 
 
120 INSTINCTUAL CABALISM. 
 
 to baffle these efforts, but, as well, to be striving to drag 
 the other after his own horse. Sometimes the strength and 
 skilful horsemanship of one would overcome for a moment, 
 and then that of the other would gain the advantage. Now 
 one would drag the other after him ; then, round and round 
 in an eccentric circle, they would spin ; or else pause, 
 watching each other, panting in wary stillness. It was a 
 game of extraordinary prowess ; for, if either had for an in- 
 stant succeeded in tightening the lasso diagonally to the im- 
 petus of the other, with the side of his horse presented, then 
 that one must inevitably have been thrown flat ; but the 
 extraordinary skill exhibited consisted in the fact that they 
 watched each other's movements so closely as not to per- 
 mit this advantage to be attained. The noose of the lasso 
 was about the shoulder of the fugitive, and did not confine 
 his movements much. 
 
 In the struggle the fugitive seemed to be about to escape, 
 when a second of the pursuers threw a lariat, which caught 
 him by the right foot ; another came up on the opposite 
 side, and did the same. 
 
 His right hand was also caught, and it seemed as if he 
 must now be utterly powerless. 
 
 But he continued to guide and regulate the movements 
 of his horse by the pressure of his knees against its side, 
 and with quite as much dexterity as if his hands were free. 
 Although something of a horseman myself, I never saw so 
 striking an illustration of the well-known line spoken of the 
 
 UOrse, « H j s cor p 0ra i motion governed by my spirit ! " 
 
 as this savage afforded. 
 
 Those of the pursuers who were hindmost now dashed 
 forward at tremendous speed, and, with a deafening yell, 
 
MAGIC OF MOTION. 121 
 
 launched their nooses above the heads of their own party, 
 and they fell about the neck of the poor fugitive and that 
 of his horse. 
 
 The instant it felt the rope the animal stopped, and the 
 horses of the pursuing party did so as suddenly ; in another 
 moment the pretended fugitive issued free trom the group 
 of his captors, and, amid wild applauding yells, rejoined his 
 tribe. 
 
 As the party wheeled to return, it was led some distance 
 in advance by one of their number, who seemed to be hold- 
 ing the coils of all their lariats upon his arm. 
 
 They waited until he was considerably in the advance, 
 and then all started. He galloped toward us in a zigzag 
 irregular course, leaving the uncoiled lariats strewed here 
 and there along the grass behind him. 
 
 The warriors followed, whooping like madmen ; but each, 
 as he came to his own lariat, dropped his body along the 
 side of his horse, and, hanging on only by the right heel to 
 the back of the animal, swept the grass with his long hair 
 and fingers as he caught up the lariat, and then, quick as 
 thought, sprang to his feet on the saddle, and proceeded 
 deliberately to restore the lariat to its coil. They ap- 
 proached us standing thus, moveless and erect, with their 
 horses going at full speed, as they had been doing from 
 the first. 
 
 They were received with another shout, and at the pre- 
 cise spot from which they started, the horses came at once 
 to a full stop, and the warriors bounded to the earth. 
 
 Now, at another signal from the gray-haired chief of the 
 single feather, a new group of more important persons 
 wheeled out. This was composed of the half-circle chiefs, 
 led by the giant who had surrendered in my favor, They 
 
122 EQUESTRIAN KALEIDOSCOPE. 
 
 bore all the arms we have so often mentioned, and started at 
 once, at full speed, in a close platoon of ten. 
 
 In a moment they sprang to their feet on the saddles, and, 
 clashing their shields and lances together, commenced a 
 most grotesque dance across the backs of their flying horses. 
 The " big chief" led, and they followed in single file, with 
 a slow, bounding step, to the monotony of which they kept 
 time with clashing weapons. They followed each other to 
 and fro to this deliberate step across the backs of their 
 close-wedged horses, and then the speed of the animals was 
 increased, and they sprang forward to a nimbler pace, with 
 an accelerated clatter of their weapons. 
 
 Just when I was wondering what new turn this extraor- 
 dinary exhibition might take, the close-wedged mass of 
 horses spread, leaving each chief standing upon his own 
 saddle. This lasted only long enough for me to see the 
 light between each rider, when at once, as if by some 
 strange magic, every figure disappeared, and when I had 
 time to rub my eyes, I distinguished each warrior running 
 on foot by the side of his horse, keeping up with its tremen- 
 dous speed. 
 
 Now each clasps the horn of his saddle, and then, like a 
 flock of birds rising, they all vault into their seats again, 
 and clashing their weapons together, the horses close once 
 more, and they go on. 
 
 I was utterly confounded with astonishment. Had I 
 been suddenly translated to some strange land where necro- 
 mancy baffled natural laws ? 
 
 Thick-coming-memories of the Far East, with its blazing 
 sands, and the Bedouin Arabs, with their white turbans and 
 miraculous feats, flitted in dim images across my mind. 
 
 But the reality of the scene before me seemed even 
 
LUXURY OF DANGER. ' 123 
 
 stranger than all that romance had conjured of that marvel- 
 ous land. 
 
 I had but little time left for wonder, when the scene 
 changed, assuming an entirely new aspect. 
 
 A party of Albert's warriors, of the same number, now 
 wheeled out from the lower end of his line, and galloped to 
 meet our chiefs with arms presented, as if in the act of 
 charging upon them. 
 
 The war-whoop was sounded on either side, and they 
 seemed from their headlong gait to precipitate themselves 
 upon each other with the greatest imaginable fury. 
 
 Just before they must have met, the fronts presented 
 were shifted, and they passed each other diagonally, at the 
 distance of thirty paces. 
 
 Our chiefs launched their arrows at the others, who 
 stooped, like birds on the wing, and presented only their 
 white shields in the places which had been filled by their 
 bodies. 
 
 The arrows glanced off, and, quick as thought, they 
 were in their seats, and shot at the others, who dipped in 
 the same way behind their horses. Then, when they had 
 arrived at the end of the lists, they turned and were passing 
 each other in the same manner. 
 
 But this time Albert's warriors, instead of rising in their 
 saddles, answered the arrows of their opponents by shooting 
 from underneath the necks of their horses ; then they rose 
 quickly, and before they had passed out of reach, two more 
 flights of arrows had been exchanged between them, as they 
 turned almost square around in their saddles, and shot, like 
 the flying Parthians, behind them. 
 
 The object seemed to be to strike each others' shields 
 without mutual injury. 
 
 
124 TOURNAMENTS OF THE WEST. 
 
 It seemed a rough and dangerous sport, certainly, and 
 I could hardly understand the possibility of their escaping 
 without injury ; but it appeared that they did so, for the 
 arrows all glanced from them without wounding any one. 
 
 Now, as they returned to meet again, the lance was pre- 
 sented, while the bow swung at their backs along with the 
 quiver. 
 
 This seemed to promise, unavoidably, a bloody issue, and 
 T felt a sort of shuddering excitement at witnessing it, for 
 they appeared to be coming together, as the stout mail-clad 
 knights of the tourney did, at headlong speed. But there 
 were some very essential features of difference in the man- 
 ner of immediate collision. 
 
 The lance was not held " in rest," after the manner of 
 chivalry, but the end of the heft was hugged close to the 
 right side, while the point was elevated to about the range 
 of the breast of the opponent. 
 
 As they approached each other, a quick vibratory motion 
 was given to the lance, which it seemed impossible the eyes 
 could follow. The object, of course, was to confuse the 
 guard of the foe, and render him uncertain as to the point 
 about to be struck. This sharp vibration is terribly con- 
 fusing even to the most trained and accustomed vision. 
 Yet they came together with a heavy lurch of their horses, 
 and the lance-points, met by the prompt shields, were 
 glanced off into the air. 
 
 Then party after party, from both sides, wheeled out and 
 joined the mimic battle, until about a hundred on each side 
 were engaged. It was now a most marvelous, exciting, and 
 surprising scene to me. 
 
 In the attack, retreat, flight, pursuit and rally, I wit- 
 nessed feats in horsemanship beyond what even my aston- i 
 
 
METEMPSYCHOSIS OF THE FALCON. 125 
 
 ished imagination, roused and prepared, by what had been 
 exhibited already, was capacitated, in its bewildered wonder, 
 to expect. 
 
 They resembled most, in the airiness of their movements, 
 a flock of sea-birds which were struggling with each other 
 for some favorite prey. They swooped together, dived and 
 parted, but to wheel and strike again in passing ; then 
 scatter, but to come together in small compact squads, 
 which dived, struck, whirled, and scattered, but to reunite 
 and strike once more. 
 
 After the fight had continued for some time, until it was 
 extremely difficult to distinguish whether it was in bloody 
 earnest or not, the parties separated, and my own warriors 
 came towards us bearing the slain ; some, before them with 
 faces down laid across the saddle-bows like dead bodies, 
 others, dragged by the hands between two warriors, who 
 came on howling as if the legions of hell were pursuing 
 them. 
 
 I, of course, experienced at this exhibition of horror, 
 disgust that such a bloody consummation should have been 
 considered necessary to* convince me of the prowess of the 
 two tribes. 
 
 But judge my astonishment when they drew up in front 
 of my position. 
 
 The apparently dead warriors were suddenly imbued with 
 life ! 
 
 Those who had been hanging in front of the saddles now 
 dropped to the earth and sprang up again, dismounting the 
 riders who had borne them, and vaulting, with a loud 
 shout, each one of those who had been dragged along sprang 
 up behind one of the riders, displaced him, and took his 
 seat ! 
 
126 INSTINCT VS. INTELLECT. 
 
 Now the whole array broke up, and I found myself rush- 
 ing toward the great gate with the rest. 
 
 The sufficingness of instinct developed upon the faculties 
 of sensation, and sustained by them, has no other limits than 
 those of individual destiny, and the clear line of demarca- 
 tion between its sphere and that of reason or intellect 
 proper, is the distinction between individual and collective 
 destinies. I do not say sodal destinies, because it is clear 
 that the instincts of the ant and of the bee fully suffice for 
 these also — but by collective destinies I understand those of 
 our Solar system and more immediately of our earth, with its. 
 full scale of human societies, and animal, vegetable, and 
 elemental kingdoms or spheres of being. 
 
 As to individual destinies, man, during these incoherent 
 Social periods, while awaiting the intellectual discovery of 
 the Passional Series for which all the elements of life have 
 been calculated, has never been happier than as the Savage 
 of the West Indies or South Pacific — never more vigorous, 
 more healthy, more kindly and loving. 
 
 Setting aside the impertinences of intellect which owe 
 their chief esteem to passional Starvation and the prevalence 
 of evil which wakes us to painful efforts of investigation, 
 Man has never been more integral, more truly developed, 
 than in what we contemptuously hold as the childish or in- 
 ferior phases of Society. There is not one of the passions 
 which instinct does not guide more surely and harmoniously 
 to its ends, so long as we are confined to the field of indi- 
 vidual destinies, than the most refined and accomplished in- 
 tellect. There are no societies which suffer so terribly 
 from evils and confusion of every sort than those which 
 
WITNESS OF NATURE. 127 
 
 boast the greatest triumphs of intellect — vide England, 
 France, China. There is no treachery more fatal than that 
 of intellect pretending to assume the place of instinct as a 
 guide to individual destinies, while shirking its true mission, 
 that of discovering the issues to higher Social periods in the 
 scale of collective destinies. 
 
 As if to accumulate proofs on this point, so that he that 
 runs may read, Nature stamps awkwardness and practical 
 abortiveness on the very countenance of the schoolman, and 
 distorts his every movement, while imparting graces the 
 most enchanting to her uneducated, unsophisticated chil- 
 dren. Again, she punishes in his mental abstraction and 
 privation of enjoyment in the few passional relations he ac- 
 cidentally contracts, the intellectualist who is ever under a 
 necessity to pull up his bean to see whether it has taken 
 root, to put out his eyes in examining the mechanism of 
 vision, to destroy every charm by profane analysis. His 
 fate is upon him, and the only escape is in fulfilling his true 
 intellectual mission, the promulgation of the Divine Social 
 Order of Passional Series, in which, circumstances being co- 
 ordinated to this organic and passional structure, instinct 
 will be enabled to preside integrally over the phenomena of 
 our passional as well as our animal existence, and to direct 
 with the unerring finger of Deity, our very motion and rela- 
 tion, to the happiness of each and the harmony of all. 
 
 It is now time to examine the functions of the Senses, on 
 which instinct is developed, as Harmonists of the planet. 
 
 But first let me quote some intuitions of Bettine, the 
 child-love of Goethe, whose truthfulness to her instincts is 
 as rare as it is charming. 
 
 All sensual nature becomes spirit, all spirit is sensual 
 life of the divinity, — eyes ye see !— ye drink light, hues, 
 
128 
 
 and forms ! — eyes, ye are nourished by divine wisdom, 
 but ye offer all to love, ye eyes ; that the evening-sun plays 
 a glory over ye, and the cloudy sky teaches you a divine 
 harmony of colors, in which all agrees ; the far blue heights, 
 the green seed, the silver river, the black wood, the grey 
 mist, this, ye eyes, Nature, the mother, gives you to drink ; 
 while the spirit spends the beauteous evening in beholding 
 the beloved. ye ears, the wide stillness sounds around 
 ye ; within it raises the soft nigher-roaring of the storm- 
 wind ; then rouses another, it bears to you tones from afar ; 
 the weaves beat sighing on the shore, the leaves whisper, 
 nothing moves in lonesomeness, which does not confide in 
 ye, ye ears. Ye are nourished by all Nature's managing, 
 while ear and eye, and language, and enjoyment, are deeply 
 sunk in the bosom of the friend. Ah, paradise-like meal, 
 where the fare turns itself into wisdom, where wisdom is 
 voluptuousness, and where this becomes revelation. 
 
 This fruit, ripe and fragrant, sinking down out of the 
 ether ! — what tree has shaken it off from its overladen 
 boughs ? while we are leaning cheek on cheek, forgetful of 
 it and time. These thoughts, are they not apples, which 
 are ripened on the tree of wisdom, and which it casts down 
 into the lap of the loving ones, who abide in its paradise 
 and rest in its shadow. At that time, love was in the 
 child's breast, which, tightly folded and enshrined, inclosed 
 its sensations, like the young germ its blossom. Then love 
 was, and to its striving, the bosom expanded, and opened 
 itself to unfold its bloom. 
 
 Now I am thirteen years of age ; now the time comes on 
 which awakens from sleep ; the young germs are thriving 
 and issue from their brown hull, they come forth to light ; 
 
BETTINE TO GOETHE. 129 
 
 the child, loving, inclines to the germing generations of the 
 flowers ; its heart glows bashfully and intimately for their 
 variegated and fragrant charms, and does not forebode that 
 at the same time a germing-world, of thousandfold genera- 
 tions of senses and of spirit, comes forth from the breast to 
 life, to light. Beholdest thou here confirmed what I say? 
 Love to the germing blossom-world of sensuous nature, 
 excites the slumbering germs of the spiritual blossom-world. 
 While we descry sensual beauty it creates within us its 
 spiritual image, a celestial incorporation of what we love 
 within the senses. Thus was my first love in the garden : 
 in the honeysuckle -arbor I was every morning with the 
 sun, to meet their reddish buds opening to light ; and when 
 I looked into the disclosed cups, then I loved and adored 
 this world of senses in the blossoms, and I mingled my tears 
 with the honey in their chalice. Yes, do believe it, there 
 was a particular charm for me to bestow on the flower's bed 
 the tear, which involuntarily started into mine eye ; thus 
 did delight change with woefulness. The young fig-leaves, 
 when they at first ascend so tight-folded out of their cover, 
 to open before the sun : Alas, god ! thou ! why does beau- 
 teousness of Nature give pain ? Is it not because love feels 
 herself unapt to comprehend her at all ? So the most 
 joyful love is imbued by woe, as it cannot satisfy its own 
 longing ; so thy beauty makes me woeful, because I cannot 
 love thee enough ! 0, forsake me not ; be disposed to me, 
 only as far as the dew is to the flowers ; in the morning it 
 awakens them and nurses them, and in the evening it clears 
 them from the dust, and cools them from the heat of the 
 day. So do thou, also, awake and nurse my inspiration in 
 the morning, and cool my glowing, and clear me from sins, 
 in the evening. 
 
130 BETTINE AND THE NIGHTINGALE. 
 
 The nightingale had another mind to me than thou ; he 
 came down from branch to branch, drew nearer and nearer 
 to the utmost twig, to behold me ; I turned gently to him, 
 not to frighten him away, and lo there ! — eye in nightin- 
 gale's eye ! — we looked at each other, and we remained so. 
 Therewith the breezes bore the tones of a distant music 
 over to us, whose all-embracing harmony resounded like a 
 spirit-universe, completed in itself, where each spirit pene- 
 trates all spirits, and all comply to each ! Completely 
 beauteous was this event ! this first nearing of two equally 
 innocent creatures, who had not yet become aware, that by 
 love's thirst, love's delight, the heart pants faster and faster. 
 Certainly I was rejoiced and touched by this approach of 
 the nightingale, as I think thou perhaps wouldst be friendly 
 moved by the love of mine. But what has induced the 
 nightingale to come after me ? Why did he come down 
 from the lofty tree, and sit so nigh that I might catch him 
 with my hand ? Why did he look at me, and indeed into 
 mine eye ? The eye speaks with us, it answers to the look : 
 the nightingale had a mind to speak with me ; he had a 
 feeling, a thought, to exchange with me. (Feeling is the 
 germ of thought.) And if it is so, what a deep and power- 
 ful glance Nature allows us here into her working-place ; 
 how does she prepare her enhancings, how deep does she 
 lay her germs ! — how far is it from the nightingale to the 
 consciousness between two lovers, who find their ardency 
 so clearly enhanced in the song of the nightingale, that they 
 should easily believe his melodies were the very expression 
 of their feelings. 
 
 On the next day he came again, the little nightingale — I 
 too. I thought he would come ; I had taken the guitar 
 along with me ; I wanted to play a little on it to him ; it 
 
INSTINCTUAL HARMONIES. 131 
 
 was by the wall of the poplar-trees, near the wild rose- 
 hedge, which stretched forth its tall bowing branches over 
 the wall of the neighbor's garden, and with its blossoms 
 reached nearly the ground ; there he sat and stretched his 
 little throat, and looked at me how I played with the sand. 
 Nightingales are inquisitive, they say. With us it is a 
 proverb, Thou art as inquisitive as a nightingale. But for 
 what sake is he inquisitive after man, who seemingly has no 
 reference to him ? — what shall once come forth out of this 
 curiosity ? 0, nought is in vain ; all is used by Nature to 
 her restless working ; it will and must go further in her 
 redemption. I ascended a high poplar, whose boughs from 
 below were formed to easy steps round about the trunk to 
 the top ; there, aloft in the limber top, I fastened myself 
 to the branches with the string on which I had drawn up 
 the guitar : the air was sultry ; now the breezes moved 
 stronger, and swept a drift of clouds together over us. 
 The rose-hedges were lifted by the wind, and again bent 
 down ; but the bird sat steady. The more roaring the 
 storm, the more warbling was his song ; his little throat 
 exultingly poured forth his whole soul into the roused Na- 
 ture ; the streaming rain did not impede him ; the rushing 
 trees, the thunder-rolling did not stun and frighten him ; 
 and I, also, upon my limber poplar, waved in the storm 
 down upon the rose-hedge while it was lifted, and I swept 
 over the chords to temper with the measure the revel of 
 the little singer. How still it was after the thunder-storm ! 
 what a hallowed rest followed this inspiration in the hurri- 
 cane ! — with this repose the gloom displayed over the vast 
 fields, my little singer was silent; he had become weary. 
 Alas ! when genius lightens up in us and stirs up all our 
 strength, that it may serve him ; when man does nothing 
 
132 GENIUS AND ART. 
 
 but serve the mighty, the higher one, and rest follows such 
 an exertion, how mild it is then ! — how are then all claims 
 to be something melted in devotion to the genius ! Thus 
 in Nature, when she reposes from day-work : she sleeps, 
 and in sleep God bestows upon his own. Such is the man 
 who is subdued to the genius of art ; in whose veins streams 
 the electric fire of poetry ; who is enlightened by the gift 
 of prophecy ; or who, like Beethoven, uses a tongue which, 
 not on earth, but in the ether, is mother-tongue. When 
 such as these repose from inspirited exertion, then it is as 
 calm, as cool, as it was to-day after the tempest in the 
 whole Nature, and still more in the breast of the little 
 nightingale, for he slept perchance to-day more deeply than 
 all other birds : and the more powerfully and the more 
 intimately the genius, who bestows to his own when in 
 slumber, will have repaid him ; but I, after having breathed 
 in the evening-stillness, came down from my tree, and, 
 penetrated by the sublimity of the just-now passed events, 
 had a mind to look askant on mankind. 
 
 And shall I tell thee still more of these simple events, 
 which are as common as the breath which heaves the 
 breast ? and yet upon the pure, still unwritten tablet of 
 remembrance, they made an indelible impression. See ! as 
 the whole sensuousness of Nature nourishes the child in 
 swaddling-band, to thrive in senses and powers, till he be- 
 comes a man, to rule with his limbs horse and sword ; so, 
 too, does the feeling of the spiritousness of Nature serve as 
 nourishment of the spirit. Not even now should I catch 
 up yon sun-beams with the glance of remembrance, should 
 not now still recall the cloud-drifts as lofty events ; the 
 
NATURE THE BRIDE-SPIRIT. 133 
 
 flowers of vanished springs would not still to-day smile upon 
 me in their colors and shapes ; and the ripe fruits which I 
 fondled before I tasted them, would not, after vanished 
 years, as out of yon blissful dreams, remind me of the hid- 
 den joy. They smiled upon me, the round apples, the 
 striped pears, and the dark cherries, for which I climbed to 
 the topmost branches. 0, no remembrance so burns within 
 my heart, upon my lips, to which these might yield ; not 
 thou, not others, have made me amends for the sweet fare of 
 the cherry ripened on the highest top, in burning sun-shine ; 
 or the wood-lone strawberry, discovered through the dewy 
 grass. Thus, while it is then so deeply engraven in the spi- 
 rit, the enjoyment of infancy's youth — deep as the flaming 
 characters of passion, it may then be also a divine revelation, 
 and it stipulates much within the breast, in which it roots. 
 
 Thoughts are also plants — they float in spiritual ether ; 
 sensation is their parent soil, in which they cherish and ex- 
 tend their roots ; the spirit is their atmosphere, in which 
 they spread their blossoms and their fragrance ; the spirit in 
 which many thoughts blossom, is an aromatic spirit ; nigh to 
 it we breathe its purity. The whole of Nature is a mirror 
 of what happens in the spirit's life. Not a butterfly have I 
 chased, but my spirit was enabled in it to pursue a hidden 
 ideal charm, and did I press my throbbing heart to the tall 
 herbs of the blooming earth, I lay on the bosom of a divine 
 nature, and on my fervor, on my longing, she dropped a 
 cooling balsam, which changed all desire into contemplation. 
 
 The wandering herd in the evening's twilight, with their 
 tinkling bells, which from the wall above I beheld with silent 
 rapture ; the pipe of the shepherd, who in moony-nights led 
 his sheep from pasture to pasture ; the baying of the dog in 
 the distance, the chasing clouds, the sigh-swelling night-gales, 
 
134 THE FIRST LOVE OF NATURE. 
 
 the rushing stream ; the soft lashing of the waves on the 
 flinty beach, the slumbering of the plants, their soaking of 
 morning-light, the wrestling and sporting of the mists. 0, 
 say, what spirit has proffered me the same again ? Thou ? — 
 hast thou so intimately joined me as the evening-shadows ? 
 has thy voice, mournfully kind, penetrated me like yon 
 distant reed ? Has the dog, with his bark, made my heart 
 throb for some one, who comes to me on secret path ? and 
 have I, like yonder drowsy Nature, laid myself to rest, with 
 the consciousness of assuaged longing ? No ; only in the 
 mirror of Nature have I learned it, and beheld the images 
 of a higher world. Be then aware of these impartings, as 
 events of high enjoyment, and charming love-adventures. 
 What have I not learned to prognosticate and to conceive ? 
 And what more dare we ask of life — what can it do better 
 within us, than to prepare us for bliss ? If, then, senses 
 and spirit were so moved by this stirring of Nature ; if de- 
 sire was so strained by her languishing ; if her thirsting, 
 her drinking, her burning and consuming, her vegetating, 
 her brooding floated through the heart ; say, what of love's 
 bliss have I not experienced, and what flower would not 
 exhale to me in paradise, and what fruit not ripen ? 
 
 This style of appreciating and being enfolded in Nature 
 is worth more than all our boasted conquests in mechanical 
 industry. 
 
 " The sense of the world is short, 
 Long and various the report 
 
 To love and be beloved ! 
 Men and Gods have not outlearn'd it, 
 And how oft soe'er they've turn'd it, 
 'Tis not to be improved." 
 
ORACLES OF BETTINE^ 135 
 
 There are but two loves : the first, of Nature — the second 
 of responsive souls. In our own race the affinities of tem- 
 perament control as well as underlie all the developments 
 of mind. No conceivable improvements in the art of in- 
 dustrial martyrdom or converting human beings into fabrics, 
 nor all the spiritual gymnastics by which saints are made to 
 order, can begin to compensate for loss of that physical 
 health and vigor whereby the body becomes the soul's ful- 
 crum, and the spiritual and material movement harmo- 
 niously combine on the sensual or natural plane. 
 
 u To acquire an art, is to give to genius a sensual body. 
 
 " To have acquired an art, imports no more to the spirit, 
 than to the father of an important child ; the soul was al- 
 ready there, and the spirit has born it into the visible world. 
 
 " Dost thou love, then thy genius adopts sensual fea- 
 tures. 
 
 " Grod has become man in the beloved ; whatever form 
 thou lovest, it is the ideal of thy own higher nature, which 
 thou feelest in the beloved. 
 
 11 Genuine love is conscious of the spirit also in the 
 sensual appearance of beauteousness. Beauty is spirit, 
 having a sensual body. 
 
 u Love is a metamorphosis of the Divinity. 
 
 u Man has adopted a sensual body, within it to become 
 sentient of truth ; the earthly is there, that the divine be- 
 come manifested by it. 
 
 " All working of Nature is but an instinct, to follow the 
 track of truth." 
 
136 
 
 SENSATION. 
 
 Comprises Five Material Attractions , relating Man to 
 External Nature and Society. 
 
 Function. — Communication between the material and spiritual 
 worlds, and incarnation of ideal truth in forms of use and beauty, 
 with enjoyment of their harmonies. 
 
 Tendency. — To material harmonies and luxury, actively and 
 passively, in creation and enjoyment. 
 
 Ends of Attainment. 
 
 Direct and Composite*. — De- 
 velopment of Industry in culti- 
 vating, preserving and prepar- 
 ing for use those necessaries 
 and luxuries demanded by the 
 Senses. 
 
 Co-operation of man with God, 
 as he is manifested in the min- 
 eral, vegetable and animal cre- 
 ations subordinate to man, by 
 integral development of their 
 resources. 
 
 Fulfillment of adaptations to 
 man's individual well-being by 
 attainment of physical health, 
 integral physical development, 
 and refinement of the Senses by 
 their exercise, as the condition 
 of enjoying external harmonies 
 or Luxury, the pre-requisite of 
 high social development and in- 
 ternal harmonies. 
 
 Inverse and Simple. — Waste 
 of effort and of material by inco- 
 herent struggling of each indi- 
 vidual to seize the goods around 
 him. 
 
 Opposition of man to God as 
 manifested in the subordinate 
 creations, by partial abuse and 
 destruction of their resources, as 
 in the extermination of game, 
 the destruction of forests and 
 baring of hill sides. 
 
 Perversion of adaptations to 
 man's well-being, by diseases of 
 repletion in one class, and of 
 inanition in the other. Imper- 
 fect and fragmentary develop- 
 ment, by exclusive employment 
 in a single occupation, and bru- 
 tification, by excessive and ex- 
 clusive action of the Senses of 
 Taste and Touch. 
 
 * The term " direct " refers to the order of development towards har- 
 mony or the essential destiny of man ; the term " inverse or simple," to 
 his incoherent action during the periods of Social ignorance, misery, 
 and selfishness ; the term " composite " refers to the action of a sense 
 combined with other senses and faculties of the individual, and to the com- 
 bined action of individuals in society. 
 
ANALYSIS OF THE SENSES. 
 
 137 
 
 Tone or Sentiment manifested. 
 
 Direct and Composite. — Love 
 to nature and luxuriant spon- 
 taneity in the flow of animal 
 spirits. 
 
 Inverse and Simple. — Selfish 
 sensualism and poverty-stricken 
 greediness. 
 
 Concomitant Results. 
 
 Direct and Composite. — Sen- 
 sitive happiness, generation of 
 industrial sympathies, and ele- 
 vation of the laborer, into the 
 Artist, whose work is the ex- 
 pression and development of his 
 personality. 
 
 Inverse and Simple. — Sensi- 
 tive miseries of the seven-eighths, 
 and preclusion of enjoyment in 
 seven- eighths of the rest by sa- 
 tiety and disease. Antipathies 
 between laborers and capitalists, 
 and degradation of the laborer. 
 
 Sensation is a Series of Five Branches or Groups. 
 
 TWO ACTIVE SENSES. 
 
 TASTE. 
 
 Direct. — Attracts man to food 
 and flavors, incites to delicate 
 cultures, to culinary arts, and 
 to form at his table harmonic 
 groups of the elements of food 
 so as to combine the gratifica- 
 tion of the palate with the wel- 
 fare of the stomach and sys- 
 tem, of which it is the natural 
 indicator. Brings man into uni- 
 ty with God as manifested in 
 harmonies of flavor. 
 
 Inverse. — Tantalizes the poor 
 with fruitless desire for the 
 dainties they see for sale around 
 them, and tempts the rich to 
 gluttony and intemperance, be- 
 cause unbalanced by healthy al- 
 ternation of other senses and 
 passions, except in the few Sy- 
 barites who enjoy true composite 
 liberty, by the union of wisdom 
 and wealth with congenial so- 
 ciety. 
 
 TOUCH. 
 
 Direct. — Attracts to tactile 
 luxury in clothing, &c, to arti- 
 ficial regulation of temperature 
 by fires, houses, &c, and to 
 equilibrium of climates and sea- 
 sons, attainable by integral cul- 
 tivation of the earth. To estab- 
 lishment of magnetic sympa- 
 thies through the contact of 
 hands, lips, &c. Brings man 
 into unity with God as mani- 
 fested in tactile harmonies. 
 
 Inverse. — Afflicts the poor, in 
 the privation of baths and clean 
 raiment, with continual malaise, 
 aggravated by the itch, which 
 generates chronic diseases. Un- 
 balanced by the healthy alter- 
 nation of other senses and pas- 
 sions, it tempts to sacrilege of 
 the passion of love, and degrades 
 by prostitution and libertinism 
 the youth of civilized and bar- 
 barous countries. 
 
138 
 
 THEIR SOCIAL AND PRACTICAL BEARING. 
 
 ONE MIXT SENSE. 
 
 SMELL. 
 
 Direct. — Attracts man to fragrant odors, and repels 
 him from stench, generally expressive of qualities un- 
 friendly to him. Combined with Sight and Taste, it 
 excites to the culture of flowers, and to provisions for 
 cleanliness, &c. Brings Man into unity with God as 
 manifested in aromal harmonies. 
 
 Inverse. — Afflicts the denizens of towns and cities, 
 with foul and insalubrious stenches. Tempts to uni- 
 versal disgust. 
 
 TWO PASSIVE SENSES. 
 
 SIGHT. 
 
 Direct. — Attracts man to the 
 beautiful in forms and colors, 
 and to cultivate or create land- 
 scapes, gardens, buildings, paint- 
 ings, sculpture, furniture, cloth- 
 ing in general. Brings man in- 
 to unity with God's manifesta- 
 tion in visual harmonies. 
 
 Inverse. — Afflicts the denizens 
 of towns and cities with contin- 
 ual discords of form and color ; 
 materially, in the confused 
 masses of dingy buildings, and 
 spiritually, by the aspect of 
 misery and disease around. 
 Tempts them to covet their 
 neighbors' property. 
 
 HEARING. 
 
 Direct. — Attracts man to the 
 music of nature. — the sounds of 
 the forest and waters, the songs 
 of birds, which collect around 
 his dwellings, &c, and to imitate 
 and develop these notes in vocal 
 and instrumental art. Brings 
 man into unity with God as man- 
 ifested in aural harmonies. 
 
 Inverse. — Afflicts the denizens 
 of town and cities with discords 
 of street noises, cries of suffer- 
 ing, &c, becomes the avenue for 
 scandal and falsehood, renders 
 man the victim of social discords, 
 is deaf to the voices of guardian 
 angels, and tempts to disbelief 
 in the harmony of creation. 
 
 The whole perceptive region of the brain belongs to the 
 senses, in its practical working, and gives the specific apti- 
 tude for industrial vocations, disconnected from the opera- 
 tions of the pure intellect. The Senses, perceptive organs, 
 and those of the base of the brain, together, form the sphere 
 of Instinct, and are found highly developed in animals 
 
COROLLARY ON EDUCATION. 139 
 
 formed for simple individual destinies or incoherent move- 
 ment; while the higher plane of intellectual and social 
 organs is peculiar to Man, and to those races and animal 
 species formed for composite or Societary destinies. The 
 organs, faculties, and passional tendencies of the Soul, are 
 developed in strata. The first or fundamental, which are 
 animal and instinctual, comprising all that is necessary to 
 self-preservation, take root in Nature, and employ them- 
 selves in collecting and combining materials on the surface 
 of the earth. They should be religiously encouraged in 
 childhood, and not interfered with by abstract lessons or 
 moral censures. Thus, they strike firm root and establish 
 a broad basis for those intellectual and social developments, 
 which will come out as easily in their appointed period as 
 the flowers and fruit on an orange-tree. All forcing 
 methods denaturalize and exhaust, give irritability for feeling 
 and prurience for power. The common method of school- 
 education pinches up with its metaphysical tweezers, gram- 
 mars, &c, the perceptive fibres of the brain — prevents the 
 Soul from rooting itself through them in Nature, and weak- 
 ens their hold on facts, that it may cast us into the chaotic 
 chaldron of moral and metaphysical subtleties. It narrows 
 and starves the base of the brain, in order to create an intel- 
 lectual tumor, about as valuable to the individual as a cancer 
 or a fungus hoematodes, and which, in the absence of real 
 knowledge, or properties in Nature, acquired through the 
 senses, instincts, and practical operations falls straightway to 
 abominable self-dissections and idle idealisms, graduating, by 
 some addition to the philosophical and theological spawn of 
 a million volumes of morbid secretions, sputa of spiritual 
 phthisis, &c, &c, the very mention and smell of which, puts 
 to flight at once every child, every woman, every hunter, 
 
140 TRIUMPH OF INCARNATION. 
 
 artist, and natural creature. Heaven be my witness, that, 
 if I stir up this filth of the schools, it is in my passional 
 function as an officer of the " Little Hordes " in this de- 
 partment, and only as I would clean out a stable. I have 
 suffered — I have been fed with the poison-pap, but I will 
 take a generous revenge on the next generation. The 
 theological vulture, the philosophical owl, and the moral 
 vampyre flapped their foul wings over my eyes in my child- 
 hood ; but I see still, and too well for them. 
 
 The Senses, as most directly related to matter, the pas- 
 sive element of Nature, are considered by the prevalent 
 Philosophy to lie on the lowest plane of our life. The 
 doctrine of incarnation and its phenomena, in revealing the 
 modifying presence of the Soul, and considering the Senses 
 as integrant of the Soul, or as that aspect of the Soul by 
 which it takes hold on Nature ; elevate the Senses to 
 supremacy, for by the law of the contact of extremes, " the 
 first shall be last, and the last shall be first." 
 
 Art is the field where the nuptials of Spirit with matter 
 are celebrated, and in those arts which are most concrete, as 
 in song rather than written poetry, in the drama rather 
 than painting and sculpture, and pre-eminently in the 
 Opera, the triumph of incarnation is most happily de- 
 clared. 
 
 The productive Arts are higher in degree, but this can- 
 not be confessed by the sentiment of beauty until they are 
 more truly organized. 
 
 It was not necessary for us to descend into this world of 
 matter in order to be intellectual or spiritual. Our ends 
 here are of a different character, and consist in attaining the 
 most integral incarnation, the most complete fusion of 
 Spirit in matter, and permeation of vigorous and beautiful 
 
CONCLUSION. 141 
 
 bodies by intelligence and affection, until Earth shall be 
 clasped in the embrace of Heaven, and each one of us, faith- 
 fully representing the quality of his love ; the distinction 
 now so necessary between persons and principles, will 
 gradually vanish, leaving Personality the Supreme Truth of 
 Nature and Society, and Passional Instinct their Supreme 
 Law. 
 
 For an exposition of the Social Mechanism through 
 which this is attained, see my work on the " Trinity and 
 Incarnation," published by Fowlers & Wells ; and a trans- 
 lation from Considerant's " Social Destiny," which will 
 appear in its course. 
 
 This little volume is a theoretic prelude to one upon 
 Practical Education by the development of industrial or 
 artistic instincts and vocations. It follows from the views 
 here presented, that true education must be limited to guide 
 and assist the child in the act of externalizing itself — of 
 conquering or creating in Nature and Society a sphere of 
 congenial harmonies. Instead of grammars, dictionaries, 
 philosophies, and other instruments of intellectual torture, 
 with the stifling prison of a school-room — fit only to form 
 talking and writing-machines, parasitical wordmongers and 
 abortions as to use ; Education will be the culture of 
 Sight, Hearing, Smell, Taste, and Touch, in the various 
 arts and accomplishments of the Garden, the Kitchen, 
 Mechanic shops, and the Opera, forming the physical 
 organs in all things to a graceful expression of the inmost 
 Love. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 In regard to the Teeth, page 30, Dr. Redfield remarks to me, 
 that the upper incisors depict in man, not the social faculties of 
 friendship and ambition, but those of familism or parentism, whose 
 very strong development is first observed in early childhood, in the 
 love of pets and dolls — playing at father and mother, especially in 
 little girls. The Wisdom-teeth, which are last developed, depict 
 the ambitious, social, and political faculties. The breadth of the 
 upper canines signifies love of migration, as their length possession. 
 Both combined, should give these teeth very large in many of our 
 backwoodsmen and in sea-captains. The lower canines, indicating 
 love of conquest, should be studied in connection with the volume 
 of the lungs, the power of the diaphragm, and the size and activity 
 of the Liver. 
 
NOW IN PRESS, OR IN PREPARATION- 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOK. 
 
 THE ZEND-AVESTA AND SOLAR RELIGIONS. 
 
 THE SUN HIEROGLYPHIC OF GOD, and Practical Revela- 
 tions of the Solar Ray. 
 
 LOVE VERSUS MARRIAGE. 2 vols. 
 
 COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND UNIVERSAL ANALO- 
 GY ; or Vegetable and Animal Portraits of Character. 2 vols. 
 
 PASSIONAL HYGIENE. 
 
 HOMOEOPATHY ; A Theoretic Demonstration. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION AND PASSIONAL EQUILI- 
 BRIA. A Translation from the French of Victor Considerant. 
 
 THE HUMAN TRINITY, or Three Aspects of Life. 
 
 PRACTICAL EDUCATION, or the Development of Natural Vo- 
 cations. 
 
 PASSIONAL ZOOLOGY, or Spirit of Beasts ; being a Transla- 
 tion from the French of A. Toussenel. 
 
 TRINITY AND INCARNATION, in paper, 50 cents. 
 
 For sale by Fowlers & WgIIs/and the tr|£e gene- 
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