PE 1144
• C76
Copy 1
PE 1144
.C76
Copy 1
Bonsai's Edition.
COMLY'S
SPELLING
READING BOOK.
NOTES FOR PARENTS AND TEACHERS;
ADAPTED 10 THE USE OF
PUBLIC SCHOOLS;
i PRIVATE OR FAMILY INSTRUCTION
BY JOHN COMtY.
PHILADELPHIA :
THOMAS L. BONSAI,
NO. 33£ MARKET STREET.
1842.
< &jkyt^Ae*=M... -^
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Bonsai's Edition.
eoMLi's
SPELLING
AND
READING BOOK.
WITH
NOTES FOR PARENTS AND TEACHERS:
ADAPTED TO THE USE OF
PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
AND
PRIVATE OR FAMILY INSTRUCTION.
BY JOHN COMLY.
PHILADELPHIA:
THOMAS L. BONSAL,
XO. 33£ MARKET STREET.
1842.
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1842, by
Thomas L. Bonsal,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of
Pennsylvania.
PREFACE.
The compiler of this elementary work, having long observed the
difficulties of little children in acquiring a correct knowledge of
the alphabet, and the combination of the sounds of letters so as to
form words, has been induced to present to parents and teachers
another attempt to aid the young pupil in the arduous path of
learning to spell and read the English language.
The notes, suggestions, directions, and questions, printed in
small type, it is hoped will claim the attention, and merit the ap-
probation and adoption of those who may be engaged in commu-
nicating instruction to, or aiding the efforts of the learner. If it
should take twice as long time to attend to one lesson of four let-
ters, or four words, in this way, as to go over the whole alphabet,
or over a much longer lesson of words, in the customary way, it
may not only smoothe the arduous path of the pupil in his first
efforts, but be a means of fixing his attention, aiding his memory,
and inciting him to exercise his own mental powers. This may,
eventually, save half or three-fourths of the time often spent in
acquiring a distinct knowledge of the whole twenty-six letters, or
the powers of these letters in the spelling of words. But it will
be obvious to the patient parent or teacher, that when one of these
elementary lessons is learned, and another commenced, the pre-
ceding one must not be neglected, nor suffered to be forgotten for
want of frequent recitation.
As spelling is the reading of letters, and forming words by the
combination of their various sounds pronounced in rapid suc-
cession, so reading is the mental or silent spelling and vocal pro-
nunciation of words, as seen by the eye. The questions are in-
tended to embrace the reading of words, as well as spelling them,
from the first combinations of two letters, through all the suc-
cessive lessons in spelling and reading. The teacher may vary
tl^e questions, and increase or diminish them, as appears requisite.
The compiler of this work differs in opinion from some who
have composed or selected elementary lessons for reading, and
who say, "those lessons should treat only on subjects within the
range of the pupil's understanding." The fact is, that in the first
efforts to read words, the attention of the learner is engaged with
the sound more than with the sense. Hence he pronounces only a
single word at a time, without reference to others ; and it matters
not to him, whether he reads words backward or forward in the
sentence. On this principle, the reading of words in the spelling
: lessons, or pronouncing them at sight, is urged : for if the pupil
*be early made familiar with reading words singly, he will soon
i acquire a facility of reading them in connexion with others ; and
then his reading lessons may be more adapted to his understand-
ing of the subject.
' It is believed that one great cause of so many incorrect spellers,
imperfect readers, and inaccurate writers, is the lack of early and
continued exercises of "spelling out ofbook." To acquire a cor-
rect orthography of our language, for the purposes of business,
and the communication of ideas by writing, is justly considered an
important object of early instruction. Correct orthography is an
essential part of a good literary education. It is confidently be-
lieved, that, if the plan herein proposed, of requiring the learner to
spell out of book, be early adopted and continued, the great defects
which are frequentty apparent in written language would be very
much, if not wholly remedied in pupils thus educated.
The definition of words, or explaining the meaning of words by
other terms more plain and familiar, is a useful exercise of the
mental faculties: but "definitions" learned merely by rote, and
soon forgotten, aid very little in this enlargement of the under-
standing of words. The learning of definitions by rote, however,
may strengthen the powers of memory : but a habit of thinking
may be induced, and a spirit of inquiry stimulated and called into
i action, by the teacher, occasionally at first, and, as the pupil
; advances, more frequently interrogating him on the meaning of
j words in his lesson, and assisting him in defining them, till he can
j do it in his own terms.
I In the first part, the spelling lessons have been selected and
1 arranged so as to form an easy gradation in the simple sounds of
' words. The reading lessons have also been composed and selected
I with this view; and the cuts arc intended to please and encourage
the young pupil in the pursuit of his studies. The second part of
j the work contains exercises of more difficult spelling and reading
1 lessons.
The compiler would suggest, when practicable, the formation
of classes of pupils, from two to six each, in going through all the
lessons in the Speller and Reader herewith submitted to the pub-
lic. — See note on page 12.
Byberry, 1842. JOHN COMLY.
C ML Y'S
SPELLING AND READING BOOK.
PART I.
CHAPTER I.
Of Letters, called the Alphabet.
In the first efforts of the 3'oung pupil to acquire a knowledge of let-
ters, the eye, the ear, and the memory are called into action. The form
of a letter strikes the sight, but the name of it must be communicated to
the ear by the teacher. To fix and retain the combination of the form
or shape, and the sound or name of a single letter in the memory of a
child, requires a great effort of his infant powers. Adepts too seldom
(if at all) remember their own difficulties in acquiring this important
knowledge, and therefore do not enter into those sympatliies with the
learner, which are requisite to furnish him with such aids as may render
the task less arduous, and facilitate his knowledge of the twenty-six let-
ters or characters contained in the alphabet of our language. Hence the
whole alphabet, is often given as one lesson to be learned ; that is, to be
seen, repeated, and retained in the memory at once : and no common
capacity of mental powers is adequate to so gigantic a labour.
Beginning with the small letters, as being most in use, let the first
three or four, or any others more easily learned, be pointed out as the
first lesson ; for it makes no difference which are first learned. In the
following examples, when the eye of the pupil has been directed to any
particular letter, by pointing to it, for instance a, let him have time suf-
ficiently to view its form : then let the name a be distinctly pronounced
by the teacher, and repeated by the child. The next thing is to assist
the memory in retaining the form and sound. Various methods may be
used for this purpose. The shape of the letter may be made by the
teacher in the presence of the pupil, on a slate, or on paper, and his
memory exercised in repeating its name or sound, as associated with its
figure thus made before his eyes. He may also be encouraged to make
the letter himself, in imitation of the one made by his teacher, or the one
in his lesson, and repeat its name. Or, he may be told that a stands for
apple; b for book, &c. ; and thus his recollection of the names of letters
be associated w r ith his taste for an apple, his sight of a book, or other
object ; or with wood-cuts of visible and well-known things. Again,
wood or metal letters may be procured, and put into his hands as toys,
which he may show to his playmates, brothers, sisters, or teachers, and
tell their names.
1*
6
b
€
i
h
1
in
4
Of
F
q
f
w
e
II
i
&
§
j
w z y
ii x p
k d a
THE ALPHABET.
abcdef gM j
klmnop qr §
PROMISCUOUS.
mwrta^ok
SiaiiYpiliqj
j c e f SI xz |
CHAPTER II.
Of spelling ; or reading letters.
As the learner will have no immediate use for knowing capital or
italic letters, double letters, or figures, his mind and memory need not
now be perplexed or burdened with lessons of these characters. The
first lessons of the alphabet being sufficiently imprinted in his memory,
the regular and transposed alphabet following, may be used as exercises
of his acquirements in retaining the knowledge of letters thus obtained.
He may next proceed to the combinations of letters into sounds or
words, as in the following lessons, which may be learned in horizontal
or perpendicular lines, or both, as varying the exercises. The teacher
may see the propriety of requiring the pupd to name the letters himself,
as a proof of his knowing them at sight, and then give him the idea of
their combined sound, as pronounced in rapid succession ; thus, b, a —
ba. This is spelli?ig; or reading letters combined into sounds.
LESSON 1.
ba be bi bo bu
da de di do du
fa f e fi f o f u
LESSON 2.
la le li lo lu
ma me mi mo mu
na ne ni no nu
LESSON 3.
pa pe pi po pu
ra re ri ro ru
sa se si so su
LESSON 4.
ta te ti to tu
va ve vi vo vu
za ze zi zo zu
Questions for the Pupil to answer.
What does b, a, spell ? b, e? b, i? b, o? b, u?
What letters spell ba? da? &e.
What does f, a, spell? f, e ? &c.
Then pointing to the letters b, a, ask the pupil what those letters
spell without naming them. After thus going through each lesson, let
the book be closed, and ask the pupil to say what letters spell ba — be —
da — fa ; and any or all the others. This will teach him to read them j
in the book without spelling aloud.
8
LESSON 5.
ab eb ib ob ub
ad ed id od ud
af ef if of uf
LESSON 6.
al el il ol ul
am em im om urn
an en in on un
LESSON 7.
ap ep ip op up
ar er ir or ur
as es is os us
LESSON 8.
at et it ot ut
ac ec ic oc uc
ax ex ix ox ux
LESSON 9.
da se lo we my
to bo sa go by
me he my he no
LESSON 11.
he is up to me
we go on by it
so it is to us
LESSON 10.
at or in up on
as is if of ad
et il ox us it
LESSON 12.
he is up to me
we go on by it
so it is to us
Questions for Exercise.
Les. 5.— What does a, b, spell ? a, d ? e, b ? e, f ? i, d ? o, d ?
o, f? u, b? &c.
What letters spell ab? ad? af? eb ? ib? od ? of? ub ? &c.
Les. 6, 7, 8. — Similar questions ; and also to read the words at sight,
and spell out of book.
Les. 9, 10. — Similar exercises by way of questions and proofs of the
pupil's attention.
Les. 11, 12. — Same method; to which add the reading of lesson 11 in
the closer form of lesson 12.
9
CHAPTER III.
Combination of sounds, of three letters.
LESSON 1.
Ma Me Mi bio Mu
bra bre bri bro bru
cla cle cli clo clu
era ere cri cro era
LESSON 2.
dra
fla
fra
dre
fle
fre
dri
fli
fri
dro
flo
fro
dru
flu
fru
gra
grc
gn
LESSON 3.
gro
gru
pla
pra
sha
sia
pie
pre
she
sle
pli
pn
shi
sli
LESSON 4.
plo
pro
sho
slo
plu
pru
shu
slu
spa
sta
tot
tra
spe
ste
the
tre
spi
sti
thi
tri
spo
sto
tho
tro
spu
stu
thu
tru
Les. 1. — When the learner has repeated one line or column after the
teacher, let him be asked (pointing to the letters) what b, 1, a, spells?
This will exercise his memory. If he has not retained the sound, tell
him again, and aid him in recollecting it, till it is fixed in his memory.
Then ask him what letters spell bla. When he learns to answer cor-
rectly by seeing them, the book may be closed, and the same questions
repeated till he can answer them readily. So proceed through all the
lessons, which should be short at first, so as not to discourage him.
Apply the same or some similar mode of fixing his attention, through
all the combinations of letters in lessons 2, 3, and 4, which will prepare
him for words of three letters, as in chapter IV.
10
CHAPTER IV.
bad
lad
mad
pad
far
mar
par
tar
bed
fed
led
red
met
pet
set
wet
Words of three letters.
LESSON 1.
ban
fan
man
pan
LESSON 2.
bat
cat
fat
hat
LESSON 3.
ben
fen
hen
men
LESSON 4.
beg
leg
keg
peg
ran
tan
bar
car
mat
pat
rat
sat
pen
ten
bet
let
sex
vex
get
yet
bid
did
lid
kid
bin
din
fin
kin
cob
fob
mob
rob
cub
hub
rub
tub
LESSON 5.
big
dig
fig
Fg
pm
sin
tin
win
LESSON 7.
hod
nod
pod
rod
LESSON 8.
fun
run
sun
tun
rig
wig
dim
him
bit
nit
pit
sit
fop
hop
lop
top
but
cut
nut
put
Questions to be asked the learner, after repeating lesson 1st, CfC.
What does b, a, d, spell? 1, a, d? m, a, d? p, a, d? and so of
the rest.
What letters spell bad ? lad ? mad ? pad ? and so on.
Then, pointing to the word, ask him what those letters spell, without
naming them. If he answers, bad, lad, mad, &c, he reads them ; that
is, spells them mentally. Thus carry him through the lesson, till the
words become familiar to him at sight; then close the book, and ask
him what letters spell bad, lad, mad, and so on. This is spelling out of
book, and will soon become easy to him, if his lesson be not too long.
Thus proceed through all the lessons on this page, which may prepare
him for first spelling, then reading the following reading lesson.
11
READING LESSONS.
a man and a lad
an ant and a fly
the cow and the ox
the sun is not set
the boy and his top
the man and his dog
LESSON 9.
LESSON 12.
bag
rag
vat
bay
nay
way
cag
tag
lax
day
lay
^y
lag
wag
tax
hay
pay
ray
nag
dam
LESSON 10.
wax
may
say
LESSON 13.
jay
get
fix
dip
bee
die
doe
net
mix
hip
fee
lie
hoe
yet
six
lip
lee
pie
roe
sex
wit
LESSON 11.
rip
see
tie
LESSON 14.
toe
bog
for
bug
bow
dew
cry
dog
nor
hug
low
few
dry
hog
box
lug
mow
hew
fly
log
fox
mug
row
new
thy
The reading lessons to be first spelled ; then questions asked, as,
What does m, a, n, spell ? a, n, d ? 1, a, d ? a, n, t ? f, 1, y ? c. o, w ?
&,c. Pointing to the word man, ask, what word is that ? so to all the
others in the lesson. Then let him read them by his own effort. If
diffident, or unable, let them be pronounced very slowly, with pointing
to each ; and let the pupil repeat them till familiar. Lastly, close the
book, and ask him to spell them from memory.
To lessons 9, 10, &c, let the exercising questions of the preceding
lessons be applied until the learner has acquired a tolerable idea of the
power of letters in forming sounds or words. Let these be read in suc-
cession, and spelled out of book, as before.
12
We had a red cow and a fat pig.
the boy cut his lip on the ice.
as the sun is set, he may go to bed.
LESSON 15.
LESSON 16.
ark
elm
oft
aid
ode
oak
arm
elk
boy
ail
old
oar
and
end
coy
aim
ore
urn
art
ink
toy
air
owe
thy
ant
imp
J°J
all
use
wnj
CAPITAL LETTERS.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP
QRSTUVWXYZ
OWBMDIZCLATSVEYN
JHRFXGKPQU
CHAPTER V.
Words of four lettws.
LESSON I.
LESSON 2.
Band
bend dint
born bung
mend
hand
lend hint
corn hung
tend
land
rend lint
horn rung
ring
sand
send mint
morn sung
sing
Let the same kind of questions be asked in relation to the words in
the reading lesson, as before — and the spelling out of book to be attended
to. Proceed to interrogate on the' spelling lessons 15 and 16, as before.
The capital letters being learned, exercise the pupil in words of four
letters as in those of three.
As children are social beings, it is of importance to form classes, even
of two or three or .more, in learning to spell and read. The stimulus of
company, and the interest or emulation of excelling, may thus enliven
the exertions, and encourage the efforts of one another. The questions
may be proposed to a class as to an individual, each answering in rota-
tion, and taking precedence according to proficiency. The words of a
lesson may be read in rotation, as well as spelled in book and out, taking
care not to make the lesson too long to be well learned.
13
READING LESSON.
It is
the lot
of all men to die.
My
son, go
not in the way
of bad
men.
For God can see us in all we do.
- LESSON 3.
Bang
belt
ding dock
buck
rust
hang
felt
king lock
duck
must
pang
melt
ring mock
luck
dust
sang
pelt
sing rock
LESSON 4.
suck
lust
Bank
bent
dish bond
bump
much
rank
lent
fish pond
lump
such
sank
sent
link cord
pump
burn
cast
damp
rent
mink lord
last
lamp
tent
sink fork
turn
nest
READING LESSON.
The cat, the
j dog, and the hog are all fed.
The
pen and ink are not to be had
Pay
the boy
for his cat, and let her go.
LESSON 5.
Lark
deck
gift cost
hunt
bush
bark
neck
lift lost
hurt
push
dark
nest
sift moth
jump
harp
hark
best
fist loth
just
farm
mark
rest
mist sort
' dust
harm
After each of these lessons is spelled, ask the learner or class what
the words are, (pointing to them severally,) till he or they can thus read
them readily : then let him, or the class, spell them out of book regularly,
each lesson. Ask them the meaning of some of the most simple, adapted
to their capacities, when spelling, either in the book or out — thus to fix
their attention on the lesson: for instance, what is the meaning of the
word lock, fork, fish, dark, hunt : but avoid too many questions of this
kind at first, lest the pupils be discouraged.
14
READING LESSON.
1
1
1
The eye of God is on us all the day.
i
He sees all we
; do, and he can hear all we say. |
Let us
fear him, ?md do no ill.
J
LESSON 6. * '
Bake
dale
deep bile bold
fume
make
fame
feed file fold
mute
rake
lame
feel find told
duke
take
tame
keep bind sold
rude
wake
late
meek mind hold
LESSON 7.
rule
I
i
j
Date
bead
beat line mile
bone
hate
beam
heat life dive
home I
mate
deal
near time hive
tone
fade
leaf
hear dine pine
rope
lade
fear
meal five vice
HEADING LESSON.
more
A lid
is made to put on a box.
•
The sky is blue, and the air is fine.
But let us not go out in the wet and mud.
LESSON 8.
Gave
seek
like note muse
moon
pave
seem
bite mode tube
poor
save
reed
vine bolt cure
soon
gale
beat
wise bold pure
tool
fail
meet
wine blow tune
noon
hail
leap
fire grow glue
boot
rain
reap
tide snow blue
root
pain
seat
ripe slow flew
loop
Let the
class or learner be asked the same kinds of questions on these
lessons, as
before : let
every word be first spelled in book
, then read or
pronounced at sight, and then spelled out of book.
The owl can see in the dark : his nest is
made in the hole of an old tree : here he can
hide in the day time, so as hot to be seen.
In the dusk of eve, or when it is dark, he
goes out to seek his food, and lives on mice,
birds, and meat, when he can find them.
LESSON 9.
Cash left
bill
blot
club
star
lash help
fill
drop
drug
trap
rash bell
hill
crop
plug
bled
hath fell
mill
spot
snug
sled
lath sell
till
stop
slut
trim
dash tell
will
frog
spur
strip
A bag of sand, and a sack of corn.
The boy was sent to ring the bell.
He hurt his hand, and made it sore.
LESSON 10.
Lamb step limp loft husk will
star sled mist soft drum when
snap then live clod shut that
spar bled king shot thus them
trap bred link trot must this
Continue the interrogatory exercises on each lesson, as before, and
let each word be read at sight — also spelled out of book ; but make not
the lessons too long. Select some of the easy words for exercising the
attention of the pupils in defining them.
16
READING LESSON.
A good boy will hurt none in his play, if
he can help it
; nor will he s
o much as try to
vex them.
But he will love all, and
be kind to all :
for this is the
best way to gain the love and
good will of all.
LESSON 11.
Bail free
clip flow
bull
boil
fail tree
spin goat
full
foil
nail thee
slip host
pull
toil
pail seen
wilt most
blew
soil
rail reed
wink road
flew
gout
sail teen
trip post
grew
loud
tail year
milk toad
drew
noun
vain zeal
silk toll
slew
pout
READING LESSON.
We can hear the bird .sing
in the tree,
And see the fish swim in the run ;
The lamb can play by the
side of its dam,
And the good boy take care of his book.
LESSON 12.
Ball edge
give book
gust
wash
call fret
gift cook
bulk
work
halt next
this look
dull
worm
hall well
quit hook
grub
bird
salt when
spit nook
spur
dirt
fall went
with took
gulf
fish
warm wren
rich wool
curb
wish
walk them
risk wood
such
play
want then
thin foot
thus
stay
Examine the class
in spelling, rending, an
d defining,
as before.
17
CHAPTER V.
Words of ft
ve letters
, of one and two syllables.
LESSON 1.
\\
Bland
brant
start
ha ker
brand
plant
smart
ba sin
gland
slant
clamp
ca per
grand
black
cramp
era zy
stand
crack
stamp
cri er
blank
slack
spark
cru el
drank
track
brass
dial
flank
stack
glass
di et
frank
blast
class
do nor
plank
grasp
grass
duty
READING LESSON.
Be just, and true, and kind to all.
Do to all men as you like to be done to.
Say no bad
words,
and keep to the truth \
By tbis means you
will gain the love of all.
LESSON 2.
Blend
shell
fatal
fence
spend
smell
fe ver
hence
blest
spell
fi nal
pence
crest
swell
fu el
sense
drest
bless
glory
tenth
bencb
dress
gra vy
spent
dwell
flesh
press
gru el
fpesh
tress
holy
dwelt
After spelling a
column or lesson, let the class be questioned on the
reading of words, or mental spelling, as before : then spell out of book,
and give their own
definitions of
a few of the words as understood.
2*
18
Tlie Wren.
- -* "! ->"---'_, - -~ " / ■
iMf
TK£
- - '■= • r " - \ " - : ^ nHT
Wwmmk
se^B^iE
A wren is a small bird ; it makes its nest
in a hole of a tree, in a wall, or a box, or some
such place.
Its eggs are small, and it is said to have
five or six young ones at a time. The old
birds feed them with worms and flies, and
take good care of them till they can fly.
LESSON 3.
Brick
bring
hii man
drill
stick
fling
J u *7
drift
quick
sling
lady
snill
blink
sting
la zy
quill
drink
flint
le gal
still
slink
print
li ar
strip
think
brisk
li on
mince
cling
frisk
lo cal
since
block
broth
ma ker
botch
clock
sloth
na val
notch
flock
horse
o pen
north
frock
prong
o ver
brown
Is the wren a large bird, or a small one ? Where does it build its^iest ?
How many young ones has it ? What does it feed them with ?
Les. 3. — What letters spell brick? stick? quick? &c. Read the
first word in the lesson — the next' — next, and so on. Or, pointing to the
words separately, ask the learner what they are, by seeing the Tetters :
then close the book, and require the words spelled out of book.
19
John and James are good boys ; they love
to read their hooks, and to keep them nice
and clean.
They must have pens and paper, or a slate
and pencil, that they may learn to write.
LESSON 4.
Pli er
broth
blunt
snuff
po ker
cloth
grunt
stuff
po em
short
crust
budge
ri der
snort
trust
judge
ri ot
prong
blush
drunk
ri pen
thong
brush
trunk
ru ler
dross
plump
churn
so ber
gloss
stump
spurn
The Lord made thee, my child, and me,
and ail things.
The same good hand that made us, made
the birds and lishes, the flies and the worms.
It is he that gives us life and breath and
food, with all the good things that we have.
LESSON 5.
spade
grape
snare
spare
brave
shave
grave
slave
Blame
frame
flame
shame
brake
shake
blade
glade
Les. 4 ahd 5. — After being spelled in the book, let each word be read
distinctly, and then spelled out of book, as before. Also the words in
the reading lessons that are not familiar to the mind of the pupil.
sto ny
sto ry
ta per
to tal
to ken
tu lip
tu tor
vi per
bleed
breed
steel
steed
cheek *
sneer
fleet
greet
20
Ann and Jane spell their lessons well;
they will soon learn to read, and to spell out
of book, as well as in.
Sarah can write on a slate. She takes care
to do it neatly, and may soon write on paper
with a pen and ink.
LESSON 6.
Beech
bribe
prime
spite
ac tor
leech
tribe
clime
drive
ad der
creep
bride
shrine
twine
af ter
sheep
glide
brine
prize
al um
sleep
slide
shine
spike
am ber
steep
pride
thine
blind
an ger
sweep
smile
spire
light
an tic
sweet
stile
quire
night
at las
READING LESSON.
An adder is the name of a snake, or viper.
Alum is a kind of salt, that is used in dying
cloth or linen, to set or fix the colour.
A book of maps is called an atlas.
Twine is made of hemp, flax, or tow,
Clove
drove
stove
blote
smote
spoke
smoke
snore
store
quote
wrote
drone
prone
floor
LESSON 7.
cam el
car go
car ry
el der
em ber
en ter
dit to
brute spool
flute stool
prune goose
plume groom
crude gloom
prude sloop
truce broom
mma mat id douP iv erne ladle,
id caliea a?i ace a, veeaiide tfce iiaozoi acia
/
T oie m
mean-J doiiP*
109
Jz/todtm id tnedmce op 4
foee, Mat mnd otd e
&£n a?in aeezeJ, &naJz vei//ava Jnee
ofeenvu"
113
PART IV.
CHAPTER I.
Of words nearly alike in sound, but different in
spelling and signification; and therefore needful
to be committed to memory ', so as to be properly
distinguished.
To designate the parts of speech, n. stands for noun;
a. for adjective ; pro. for pronoun ; v. for verb • pa, or
part, for participle ; ad. for adverb ; con. for conjunc-
tion; pr. for preposition; in. for interjection.
LESSON 1.
A'bel, n. a man's name.
A'ble, a. having power.
account', n. a narrative.
accompt', n. a reckoning,
acts, n. deeds, actions,
axe, n. a tool to chop with.
ail, v. to be sick.
ale, n. malt drink,
air, n. that we breathe,
heir, n. inheritor of estate.
all, a. every one.
awl, n. a tool to make
holes.
al'tar, n. for sacrifice,
al'ter, v. to change.
ant, n. an insect.
aunt, n. a relation,
arc, n. part of a circle,
ark, n. a boat or vessel.
ascent', n. going up.
assent', n. agreement,
ba'con, n. hog's flesh,
ba'ken, part, in an oven.
Bail, n. surety.
Bale, n. a parcel of goods.
baize, n. a kind of cloth.
bays, n, bay trees,
ball, n. a round substance,
bawl, v. to cry aloud.
bare, a. naked, unco-
vered.
bear, n. a wild beast.
bear, v. to sustain, to
suffer,
be, v. to exist,
bee, n. an insect.
beach, ?i. a shore of land.
beech, n. a tree,
bean, n. a vegetable,
been, part, have been.
beat, v. to strike.
beet, n. a vegetable,
beau, n. a gay young man.
bow, n. to shoot arrows.
beer, n. to drink.
bier,n. to carry the dead
10*
114
Counsel to Youth.
A pious and wise man gave this advice to his
children : , " So soon as you wake in the morning,
retire your minds into a pure silence from all thoughts
and ideas of worldly things ; and, in this frame or
state, wait upon God ; — to feel his good presence ; to
lift up your hearts to him ; and commit your whole
selves into his blessed care and protection."
LESSON 2.
Bell, n. sounding metal.
Belle, n. a gay girl.
ber'ry, n. a fruit.
bury, v. to lay in the
grave,
blew, v. did blow. .
blue, a. a colour.
boar, n. a male swine.
bore, v. to make a hole,
bolt, n. to fasten a door,
boult, v. to sift flour.
bough, n. a branch.
bow, v. to bend down,
bread, n. to eat.
bred, pa. brought up.
break, v. to part by force.
brake, v. to dress flax,
bruise, n. a hurt,
brews, v. doth brew.
bur 'row, n. a place for
rabbits.
bor'ough, n. a town,
buy, v. to purchase,
by, pr. near to.
call, v. to cry out.
caul, n. a kind of net.
can, v. to be able,
cann, n. a vessel.
Can'non, n. a great gun.
Can'on, n. a law or rule.
cane, n. a staff, shrub.
Cain, n. a man's name,
cell, n. a hollow place,
sell, v. to dispose of.
cellar, n. under a house.
seller, n. one who sells,
cent, n. a piece of money,
sent, v. did send,
scent, n. smell, odour.
ces'sion, n. a giving up.
ses'sion, n. act of sitting,
chol'er, n. anger, rage,
col'lar, n. for the neck.
ceil, v. to plaster.
seal, v. to fasten,
ceiling, n. inner roof,
sealing, pa. fastening with
a seal.
ci'on, n. a young sprout.
Si 'on, n. a mountain,
cite, v. to summon.
site, n. situation, place,
sight, n. sense of seeing.
clause, n. part of a sen-
tence.
claws, n. feet of a bird.
115
Ever bear in mind that God is present, and that he
is the overseer of all your thoughts, words, and actions ;
and behave yourselves accordingly.
Never do any thing in his holy, all-s^eeing presence,
that you would be ashamed a man, or even a child
should see you do.
Do not that which you blame in another ; neither
do that to another which you would not that another
should do to you.
LESSON 3.
Climb, v. to ascend,
clime, n. region, climate.
close, v. to shut up.
clothes, n. garments,
coarse, a. not tine,
course, n. order, way.
complement, n. remain-
der.
com'pliment, n. kind
words,
coun'cil, n. an assembly,
coun'sel, v. to advise.
cous'in, n. a relation.
coz'en, v. to deceive,
creak, v. to make a harsh
noise,
creek, n. a stream of water.
cm 'e\,a. fierce, inhuman.
crew'el, n. worsted yarn,
cur 'rant, n. a garden fruit,
cur 'rent, n. now passing.
cruise, v. to sail for plun-
der.
crews, n. ships' compa-
nies,
cyg'net, n. a young swan,
sig'net, n. a seal.
Cym'bal, n. a musical in-
strument,
sym'bol, n. a sign, type.
dam, v. to stop water.
damn, v. to condemn.
dear, a. of great value,
deer, n. a wild beast.
dew, n. that falls at night.
due, a. owing,
die, v. to lose life,
dye, v . to colour or stain.
dire, a. dreadful.
dy'er, n. a person who
colours,
doe, n. a female deer,
dough, n. unbaked bread.
done, pa. acted, per-
formed.
dun, n. a colour,
dram, n. a small quantity,
drachm, n. part of an on nee.
east,?z.toward sunrising.
yeast, n. foam of beer,
ear, n. organ of hearing,
ere, ad. before.
eye, n. organ of sight.
I, pro. myself.
116
As you have intervals from your lawful business or
employment, delight to step home (1 mean within
yourselves) and commune with your own hearts, and
be still.
There you will find and enjoy, both with you and
in you, a treasure that the world knows not of ; but it
is the aim, end, and object of the children of God.
This will bear you up against temptations, and
under trials ; and it will carry you sweetly and evenly
through the business of the day.
It will support you, and preserve you under disap-
pointments, and moderate your enjoyment of success
and prosperity.
LESSON 4.
Fain, a. desirous,
feign, v. to pretend.
faint, a. weak, weary.
feint, n. a pretence,
fair, a. clear, beautiful,
fare, n. food, passage.
feat, n. an exploit, action.
feet, ft. to stand on.
fellow, ft. an equal,
felloe, n. rim of a wheel.
flee, v. to run.
flea, n. an insect,
fir, ft. a kind of tree,
fur, ft. soft hair of beasts.
flew, v. did fly.
flue, ft. outlet for smoke,
flour, ft. meal,
flow'er, ft. a blossom.
fore, a. first in order.
four, ft. twice two.
forth, ad. abroad, out doors,
fourth, a. in number.
foul, a. filthy.
fowl, ft. a bird.
Frays, n. quarrels,
phrase, n. manner of
speech.
gate, ft. a kind of door.
gait, ft. manner of walk-
ing-
gilt, a. covered with gold,
guilt, n. sin, crime.
gore, ft. blood clotted.
goer, ft. one that goes,
grate, n. to burn coal,
great, a. large.
gra'ter, n. a coarse rasp.
great'er, a. larger,
groan, v. to moan, to sigh,
grown, pa. enlarged.
hale, a. healthy.
hail, n. frozen rain,
hair, n. of the head,
hare, n. an animal.
hall, ft. a large room.
haul, v. to pull by force,
heal, v. to cure,
heel, ft. part of the foot.
117
Be just in all things : first, to God, as your creator
and preserver, by rendering to him his due — gratitude
and love. Next, to your parents, give filial affection
and obedience. To one another, feel kindness and
sincere friendship ; and do to all people as you would
they should do to you.
LESSON 5.
Heart, n. the seat of life,
hart, n. a wild beast.
hear, v. to perceive
sounds.
here, ad. in this place,
hew, v. to cut, to chop,
hue, a. colour.
hire, n. wages.
higher, a. more high.
him., pro. himself,
hymn, n. a song of praise.
ho ! in. call of attention.
hoe, n. a garden tool,
hole, n. an opening,
whole, a. perfect, all.
holy, a. pure, sacred.
wholly, ad. entirely.
hour, n. sixty minutes,
our, pro. belonging to us.
idle, a. doing nothing.
idol, n. an image,
ile, n. a passage, alley,
isle, n. an island.
in, pre. within, not out.
inn, n. a public lodging-
place, [writing,
indite', v. to compose
indict', v. to impeach, to
charge.
jam, n. preserved fruits.
jamb, n. side post or wall.
Kill, v. to deprive of life,
kiln, n. a large oven.
knead, v. to work dough.
need, n. want,
knew, v. did know,
new, a. not old, fresh.
knit, v. to join, unite.
nit, n. the egg of insects,
knot, n. made by tying.
not, ad. denying, [ledge.
know, v. to have know-
no, a. not any.
lade, v. to dip water, load.
laid, par. placed.
lane, n. a road, passage.
lain, par. been still,
leak, v. to run out.
leek, n. a vegetable.
leave, v. to depart from.
lieve, ad. willingly,
led, v. did lead,
lead, n. metal. [learned.
les'son, n. portion to be
les'sen, v. to make less.
li'ar, n. one who tells lies,
lyre, n. a harp for music.
limb, n. a branch, mem-
ber.
limn, v. to paint pictures,
loan, n. a thing lent,
lone, a. by itself, alone.
118
The ivay to become happy.
How pleasant it is, at the close of the day,
No follies to have to repent ;
But reflect on the past, and be able to say,
That my time has been properly spent.
When I've done all my business with patience and care,
And been good, and obliging, and kind,
I lie on my pillow, and sleep away there,
With a happy and satisfied mind.
LESSON 6.
Low, a. humble,
lo, in. behold.
made, pa. finished.
maid, ?i. a girl,
main, a. chief part,
mane, n. hair of a horse.
maize, n. Indian corn.
maze, n. a winding pas-
sage,
male, a. of the he-kind,
mail, n. armour; bag of
letters.
man 'ner,?z.custom,mode.
man 'or, n. a large tract
of land. [der.
mar'shal, v. to place in or-
mar'tial, a. warlike.
mean, a. low, vile. [ner.
mien, n. look and man-
meat, n. flesh for food,
meet, v. to come together,
mete, v. to measure.
met'al, n. gold, silver, &c.
met 'tle,n. courage, spirit,
might, n. power,
mite, n. a small insect.
Mi 'ner, n. a worker in
mines. [less.
mi 'nor, n. one under age ;
moan, v. to grieve aloud.
mown, pa. cut down,
moat, n. a ditch for defence,
mote, n. a particle of dust.
more, a. greater.
mow 'er,n. he that mows,
mor'tar, n. to pound in.
mor'ter, n. for building.
muse, v. to think.
mews, v. doth mew.
nay, ad. no, not so.
neigh, v. as a horse.
naught, a. bad.
nought, n. nothing,
oar, n. a paddle to row a
ore, n. crude metal, [boat.
o'er,jor. over.
one, a. the first number.
won, v. did win.
pail, n. a wooden vessel,
pale, a. a light colour.
pain, n. distress.
pane, n. square of glass.
119
But instead of all this, when it must be confess'd,
That I careless and idle have been,
I lie down as usual, and go to my rest,
But feel discontented within.
Now, as I don't like all the trouble I've had,
In future, I'll try to prevent it ;
Since I never am naughty, without being sad,
Nor good, without being contented,
LESSON 7.
Pair, n. two.
pare, v. to cut off.
pear, n. a fruit. [quiet.
pa 'tie nee, n. calmness,
pa'tients, n. sick people,
pause, n. a stop,
paws, n. feet of a beast.
peace, h. quietness.
piece, n. a part,
peal, n. sound of bells.
peel, v. to strip off.
peer, n. a nobleman.
pier, n. pillar of a bridge,
plain, a. level; not gaudy,
plane, n. a joiner's tool.
plum, n. a fruit.
plumb, a. upright,
pray, v. to ask, beseech,
prey, n. plunder, ravage.
prac'tice,w.common use.
prac 'tise,w. to do by habit,
prin'cipal, a. chief, [cause,
principle, n. first moving
profit, n. gain.
proph'et, n. a foreteller,
rain, n. drops from the
clouds,
rein, n. part of a bridle,
reign, v. to rule, govern.
Raise, v. to lift up.
rays, n. beams of light.
read, v. to peruse a book.
reed, n. a shrub,
rest, n. ease,
wrest, v. to force.
right, a. just and true.
rite, n. form, ceremony.
write, v. as with a pen.
wright, n. a workman,
ring, n. a circle,
wring, v. to twist.
rye, n. a kind of grain.
wry, a. crooked,
road, n. the highway,
rode, v. did ride.
roe, n. a female deer.
row, n. things in a line,
rote, ad. by memory,
wrote, v. did write.
sale, n. act of selling.
sail, n. of a ship,
sea, n. body of water.
see, v. to behold.
seam, n. made with a
needle.
seem, v. to appear, pre-
sear, v. to burn. [tend,
seer, n. a prophet.
120
Seas, n. great waters.
Tail, n. the end of a thing.
sees, v. seeth.
tale, n. a story.
seize, v. to lay hold of.
tare, n. weight allowed.
shear, v. to cut off.
tear, v. to rend.
sheer, a. pure, clear.
tear, n. drop from the eye.
sign, n. a token.
tier, n. a long row.
sine, ri. a line in geometry.
the, an article.
slay, v. to kill. [riage.
thee, pro. thyself.
sleigh, n. a sliding car-
there, ad. in that place.
slight, v. to neglect.
their, pro. of them.
sleight, n. artful practice.
tide, n. of the sea.
soar, v. to mount up.
tied, v. fastened.
sore, n. a hurt, ulcer.
time, n. duration.
sow'er, n. one that sows.
thyme, n. an herb.
sole, n. bottom of the foot.
toe, n. part of the foot.
soul, n. immortal spirit.
tow, n. of flax.
some, a. a part.
two, a. twice one.
sum, n. whole amount.
too, ad. likewise.
son, n. a male child.
to, pre. unto.
sun, n. that shines.
veil, ii. a covering.
sow, v. to scatter seed.
vale, n. a valley.
so, ad. thus, in like man-
vain, a. fruitless.
ner.
vein, n. passage of blood.
sew, v. with a needle.
vice, n. sin.
stairs, n. rising steps.
vise, n. a screw.
stares, v. looks earnestly.
way, n. road, path.
stake, n. a fixed post.
weigh, v. to balance.
steak, n. a piece of beef.
waste, v. to spend.
steal, v. to pilfer.
waist,n.part of the body.
steel, n. metal.
wait, v. to stay.
stile,??,.steps over a fence.
weight, n. heaviness.
style, ii. manner of writ-
ware, n. merchandise.
ing.
wear, v. to put on clothes.
straight, a. not crooked.
weak, a. feeble.
strait, a. narrow.
week, n. seven days.
suc'cour, n. help.
wood, n. timber.
suck'er, n. a sprout.
would, v. was willing.
tacks, n. small nails.
weath'er, n. state of the air.
tax, n. a tribute.
weth'er, n. a sheep.
121
CHAPTER II.
A Collection of Words ivilh their Definitions.
The accented syllable marked with the vowel sound, as heard in the
following scheme.
Fate, far, fall, fat — me, met — pine, pin— no, move, nor,
not — tube, tab, bull — oil — pound.
ABS
Aban'don, v. to forsake,
abase', v. to bring low.
abash', v. to make ashamed
abate', v. to make less,
abbreviate, v. to shorten,
abbreviation, n. a shortening.
ACQ
Abstruse', a. difficult, hidden,
absurd', a. foolish,
abuu'dance, n. plenty,
abu'sive, a. rude, deceitful,
abyss', n. a great depth,
acad'emv, n. a school.
ab'dieate, v. to give up right. ] accede', v. to admit.
| acces'sary,^. helping forward.
j acces'sion, n. increase.
j ac'cident, n. that which hap-
pens.
! acceptable, a. pleasing.
abduce', v. to draw away,
abet', v. to assist, to encou
rage. - ,
aberration, n. a wandering,
abhor', v. to hate, to loathe.
abide', t\ to dwell in a place, j accom'modate, v. to suit,
ab'ject, a, mean, worthless. ! accom'plish. v. to fulfil,
abil'ity, n. power, capacity. ! accord', v. to agree,
ablu'tion, n. act of cleansing, accost', v. to address, salute.
abolish, v. to destroy. | account'ant, n. skilled in ac-
abom'inable, «. hateful. counts,
abor'tive, «. fruitless. i accou'tr,e, p. to equip, dress,
abound', v. to have plenty. accrue', v. to arise from, add to
abridge', v. to make shorter,
ab'rogate, v. to repeal,
abrupt', a. broken, sudden,
abscond', v. to hide one's self,
absolve', v. to acquit, pardon,
ab'solute, a. not limited,
absotb', v. to swallow up.
abstain', v. to forbear,
abste'mious, a. temperate,
ab'stinence, n. fasting,
ab'stract, n. smaller quantity.
accu'mulate, v. to heap up.
ac'curate, a. exact, nice,
accusa'tion, n. a charge,
ace'tous, a. sour,
achieve', v. to perform, finish,
a'cid, a. sour, sharp,
acknowl'edge, v. to own, to
confess.
acou'stics,?i. theory of sounds,
acquiesce', v. to be satisfied
with.
11
AER
122
ALL
Acquiescence, n. consent, j
submission.
acquire', v. to gain.
acquisition, n. the thing
gained.
acquit', v. to set free.
ac'rimony, n. sharpness, se-
verity.
dc'tive, a. busy, quick.
uc'tuate, v. to put in action.
acute', a. sharp, ingenious.
adapt', v. to suit, to fit.
addict', v. to give up to.
adduce', v. to bring forward.
adept', n. one that is skilful.
ad 'equate, a. equal to.
adhere', v. to stick to.
adhe'rence, n. attachment.
adhe'sive, a. sticking to.
adja'eent, a. lying close to.
adjective,?!, a word of quality.
adjourn', v. to put off.
adjust' v. to put in order.
admin'ister, v. to give, afford.
ad'mirable, a. wonderful.
admira'tion, n. wonder.
| admit', v. to suffer, to allow.
admon'ish, v. to warn, to re-
prove, to advise.
adopt', v. to take by choice.
adora'tion, ;?. worship.
advantage, jr. profit, gainv
adventitious, a. something
added.
a&ven'ture, ?z. chance, hazard.
adversary, n. an enemy, op-
poser.
* ad'verse, a. contrary.
I adula'tion, n. flattery, praise,
| adult*, a. full grown.
j ad'voc-ate, n. s pleader.
| ae'rial, a. high in the air.
Aerol'ogy, n> science of the air.
affable, a. easy, courteous.
affecta'tion, n. imitation.
affec'tion, n. love, kindness.
affin'ity, n. relation by mar-
riage.
aifirma'tion,tt.act of declaring.
afflic'tion, n. sorrow, misery.
affluence, n. wealth, riches.
a'gent, n. a deputy, factor.
dg'grandize, v. to make great.
ag'gravate, v. to make worse.
ig'gregate, n.the whole mass.
aggrieve', v. to vex.
a'gile, a. nimble, quick.
agil'ity, n. activity.
a'gitate, v. to put in motion.
ag'ony, n. violent pain.
agree'able, a. pleasant.
ag'riculture, n. tillage, farm-
ing. •
alabas'ter, n. soft marble.
alac'rity, n. cheerfulness.
al'cohol, n. spirits of wine.
alert', a. watchful, brisk.
al'ien, n. a foreigner.
al'ienate, v. to draw from.
al'iment, n. food, nourish-
ment.
allay', v. to mix ; to quiet.
allege', v. to declare.
allegory, a. figurative story.
alle'viate, v. to ease, to soften.
alliance, n. kindred, league.
allotment, n. part, share.
allow', if. to permit, to yield.
alloy', n. base metal.
allude', v. to hint a^.
allure', v. to entice.
allu'sion, n. a hint.
allu'vial, a. a soil made by
washing.
ANN
123
APP
Alms, a. gifts to the poor,
aloof, ad. at a distance.
alterea'tion, a. debate, quarrel
alternately, ad. by turns.
al'titude, a. height.
amaze'ment, a. wonder.
ambassador, a. a person sent.
ambig'uous, a. doubtful.
ambi'tious, a. aspiring.
am'bush, a. a lying in wait.
ame'nable, a. accountable.
amen', ad. so be it.
amerce', v. to fine.
a'miable, a. lovely, pleasing.
am'icable, a. friendly, kind.
am'ity, a. friendship,
am'plify, v. to enlarge.
amphib'ious, a. living in air
and water.
am'putate, tfc to cut off a limb.
amuse'ment, a. entertainment.
anal'ogy, n. when one thing
is like another.
anat'omy, n. dissecting bo-
dies ; a skeleton.
an'cestor, a. a forefather.
an'cient, a. old, long past,
former.
an'ecdote, a. a small history.
an'gel, a. a person sent.
an'gle, n. a corner.
an'guish, n. severe pain, grief.
animadver'sion, a. censure.
an'imal, a. a living creature.
animalcule, a. a very small
animal.
an'imate, v. to make lively.
animos'ity* n. hatred, ill-will.
an'nals, n. histories.
annex', v. to join to.
anni'hilate, v. to blot out, de-
stroy.
Anniversary, a. annual feast.
announce', v. to proclaim.
annoy', v. to vex, to tease,
anmual, a. yearly.
annu'ity, a. yearly payment.
annul', v. to make void.
an'odyne, n. soothing pain.
anoint', v. to rub with oil.
anom'aly, a. departure from
rule.
anon'ymous,«. wanting name.
antagonist, a. an opposer.
antece'dent, a. going before.
anticipate, v. to take before-
hand.
antip'athy,a. hatred, aversion.
ant! p 'odes, a. feet to feet; or
those who live on the other
side of the globe.
antiq'uity, a. old times.
anxi'ety, a. trouble of mind.
anx'ious, a. uneasy, though t-
ape'rient, a. purgative, [ful.
ap'erture, a. an opening.
a'piary, a. a house for bees.
apology, a. excuse.
ap'oplexy, a. a disease.
appal', r. to affright.
appar'el, a. dress.
appa'rent, a. plain, visible.
appeal', v. to apply to another.
appease', v. to quiet, to calm.
appellation, a. name, title.
append'age, a. something
added.
appertain', v. to belong to.
ap'petite, n. desire of food.
applause', a. approbation.
applicable, a. suitable, proper.
appoint', v. to fix, to settle.
appreciate, i>. to value, to
estimate.
ASS
124
AVE
Apprehend', v. to lay hold on.
approach', v. to draw near.
approbation, n. act of ap-
proving.
appropriate, a. proper, [to.
approximate, v. to draw near
ap'titude, ??. fitness.
aquat'ic, a. growing in wster.
aq'uiline, a. like an eagle.
ar'able, a. fit for tillage.
ar'bitrary, a. absolute.
ar'bitrate, v. to decide, to
judge of. [bow.
arch'er, n. a shooter with a
ar'chitect, n. a builder.
ar'dent, a. hot, fierce, eager.
ar'duous, a. difficult, lofty.
argilla'ceous, a. like potter's
clay.
ar'id, a. dry, parched.
aromat'ic, a. spicy, fragrant.
arrange', v. to put in order.
arrear'age, n. what is yet due.
ar'rogate, v. to claim unjustly.
ar'roganee, n. haughtiness.
articula'tion, n. forming words.
ar'tifice, n. a trick, fraud.
artificial, a. made by art.
art'less, or. simple, without art.
ascend', v. to mount up.
ascend'ency, n. influence.
ascribe', v. to impute to.
ascertain', v. to make certain.
as'pect, 77. look, appearance.
aspeVity, n. roughness.
asperse', v. to slander.
aspira'tion, n. ardent wish.
aspire', v. to desire eagerly.
assail', v. to attack.
assault', v. to do violence.
assem'blage, n. a collection.
assert', v. to affirm, maintain.
Assertion, n. act of asserting.
assidu'ity, n. diligence.
assign', v. to mark out, to ap-
point.
assign 'uient,??. a making over.
! ass6'ciate,?j. to company with.
| assuage', v. to abate, soften.
| assume, v. to claim.
\ aston'ish, v. to amaze.
! astral, a. starry.
i astrin'gent, a. binding.
astron'omy, n. science of the
stars.
asy'lum, n. place of safety.
athlet'ic, a. strong, robust.
at'rnosphere, n. the air.
at'om, n. a small particle.
atro'cious, a. very wicked,
I base.
; attach 'ment, n. fixed regard.
! attain, v. to arrive at.
| attain'ment, n. something
gained.
attempt', v. to venture, to try.
; attention, n. a taking heed.
: atten'uate, a. very thin, slen-
I attest', v. to witness. [der.
attire', n. clothes, dress.
I at'titude, n. posture.
| attor'ney, n. a lawyer.
j attract', v. to draw, to allure.
i attraction, n. power of draw-
ing.
! attrib'ute,r.to ascribe, impute.
avail', v. to profit.
avail 'able, a. profitable.
av'arice, n. desire of gain.
auda'cious,??. bold, impudent.
au'dible, a. that may be heard.
au'dience, n. a hearing.
avenge', v. to punish.
av'enue, n. an entrance.
BEA
125
BLA
av erage, n. a medium,
averse', a. unwilling,
augment', v. to increase,
av'iary, n. a place to keep
birds,
avld'ity, n. eagerness,
avoid', v. to shun,
avow', v. to declare openly,
auspi'cious, a. favourable,
auster'ity, n. severity,
authentic, a. genuine,
au'thor, n. writer of a book,
authority, n. power, credit,
au'tumn, n. fall of the year,
auxiliary, n. a helper,
award', v. to adjudge,
awe, n. reverence,
aw'fulness, n. solemnity,
az'ure, a. blue.
B.
Bach'elor, n. a man unmar-
ried.
badge, n. a mark, token,
baffle, v. to confound, balk,
bail, n. surety for another,
ballast, n. weight,
balm'y, a. soothing, soft,
bane'ful, a. poisonous,
ban'ish, v. to drive away.
bank'rupt,n.one unable to pay.
ban'ner, n. a flag,
ban'quet, n. a feast,
barbar'ity, n. cruelty,
bir'barous, a. cruel, inhuman,
bar'gain, n. a contract,
bar'ren, «. unfruitful,
bar'ter, v. to exchange,
bash'ful, a. modest, shy.
ba'sis, n. ground work,
bathe, v. to wash,
bea'con. n. a mark.
Beach, n. a shore.
beat'itude, n. blessedness.
beau'tify, v. to adorn.
b^ck'on, v. to make a sign.
befriend', v. to favour.
beguile', v. to deceive.
behoof, n. profit.
belief, n. credit.
bemoan' v. to lament.
benedic'tion, n. a blessing.
beneficence, a. active good-
ness.
benefi'cial, a. profitable.
b£n'efit, n. a kindness.
benev'olence, n. good-will.
benign', a. kind, generous.
bequeath', v. to give by will.
bereave', v. to deprive of.
beseech', v. to entreat.
besiege', v. to beset with force.
beVtial, a. brutal. [on.
bestow', v. to give, to confer
beto'ken, v. to mark.
betray', v. to give up to an
bev'erage, n. drink, [enemy,
bewiil', v. to lament,
bewil'der, v. to mislead, to
puzzle,
bi'as, v. to incline to one side,
bien'nial, a. for two years,
big'ot, n. devoted to a party,
big'otry, n. blind zeal,
bilious, a. consisting of bile,
billow, n. a large wave,
biog'raphy , n. history of lives,
bis'cuit, n. a kind of bread,
bisect', v. to cut in two parts,
blame'able, a. faulty,
blame'less, a. innocent,
blan'dish, v. to soften, flatter,
blas'phemous, a. wicked, pro-
fane. I
11*
BUO
126
CAP
Bleach, v. to make white,
blem'ish, it. a spot," disgrace,
blend, v. to mingle together,
blink, v. to wink,
bliss, n. happiness,
blithe, a. gay, airy,
blun'der, v. to mistake,
boast, r. to brag, to magnify,
bois'terous, a. noisy, violent,
bond 'age, n. captivity,
bo'reas, n. the north wind.
bo'rough,?2. a town corporate,
botan'ic, a. relating to herbs,
bot'any, n. the science of
plants,
bound'ary, n. limit.
boun'tiful,?z. liberal, generous,
boun'ty, n. generosity,
brack'ish, a. somewhat salt.
bran'dish,r. to wave or shake,
brave, a. bold, noble,
bra'very, n. courage,
brawl, v. to quarrel,
braw'ny, a. fleshy, muscular,
bra'zen, a. made of brass,
breach,??, an opening, quarrel,
breeze, n. a gentle wind.
breVity, n. shortness,
brew, v. to make beer,
bribe, n. a gift,
brief, a. short,
bril'liant, a. shining,
brink, n. the edge,
brlt'tle, a. easily broken,
bro'ker, n. a factor,
bron'chial, a. of the throat,
bru'tal, a. savage, beastly,
bddg'et, n. a bag of sundries
buffet, v. to box, to beat,
build, v. to erect, to raise,
bulk'y, a. large,
buoy, v. to keep afloat.
Bur'densome, a. troublesome,
bur'glary, n. house-breaking,
burlesque', n. ridicule,
bilr'nish, v. to make bright,
bus'iness, n. employment,
bus'tle, v. to make a stir.
c.
Ca'dence, n. fall of the voice.
calam'ity, ft. misfortune, dis-
tress.
cal'culate, v. to reckon.
cal'culous, a. stony, gritty.
cal'ender, v. to dress cloth.
cal'dron, n. a boiler, kettle.
cal'lous, a. hard, unfeeling.
calm'ness, n. mildness.
calor'ic, n. heat.
caliim'niate, v. to slander.
cal'umny, n. slander.
cim'bric, n. fine linen.
cam'phii^, n. a kind of resin.
canal', n. a water-course.
can'cel, v. to blot out.
can'did, a. fair, open.
can'didate,n.an office-hunter.
can'dour,?z. openness, fairness.
canine', a. like a dog.
cin'ker, v. to corrode, infect.
canoe', n. an Indian boat.
can'on, n. a rule, law.
can'opy, n. a covering.
can'vass, v. to examine.
ca'pable, a. having power.
capa'city, n. ability.
capa'cious, a. wide, large.
capillary, a. small like hairs.
cap'ital, «. chief. [up.
caplt'ulate, v. to yield, to give
caprice, n. fancy, whim.
cap'tious, a. ensnaring, peev-
ish.
CEL
127
CHA
Cap'tive, n. a prisoner of war.
captivity,??. bondage, slavery,
car'dinal, a. principal, chief,
career', n. swift motion,
caress', v. to endear, to fondle,
ca'ret, n. is wanting. ( a )
car 'go, n. lading of a ship,
ca'rious, a. rotten,
car'nage, a. slaughter, havoc,
car'nal, a. fleshly, lustful,
car'ol, v. to sing, to warble,
carniv'orous, «. eating flesh,
carouse', v. to drink hard,
car'rion, n. a dead carcass,
cascade', n. a water-fall,
cashier', n. a keeper of money,
cas'ket, n. a box for jewels.
eas'tigate, v. to chastise.
cas'tle, n. a house fortified,
cas'ual, a. happening.
cat'alo£ue, n. a list of names,
clfaract, n. a water- fall,
cat'echise, v. to question,
catena' tion, n. connexion.
ca'ter, v. to buy victuals,
cat'erpillar, n. a worm.
cathar'tic, a. purgative,
cath'olic, a. general*
cav'alry, n. horse-troops,
cav'em, n. a hollow place,
cav'il, v. to make objections.
cav'ity, n. hollowness, hole,
caus'tic, a. burning,
cau'tion, n. prudence, care,
eau'tious, a. watchful, wary,
cease, v. to stop, to leave off.
cel'ebrate, v. to praise, to
commend,
celeb'rity, n. fame,
celer'ity, n. swiftness,
celes'tial, a. heavenly.
cePibacy, n. a single life.
Cement', v. to join closely.
cem'etery, n. place for the
dead.
censo'rious, a. severe.
cen'sure, v. to blame.
cen'sus, n. number of people.
centrifugal, a. flying from
the centre.
centrip'etal, a. tending to the
centre.
cen'tury, n. a hundred years.
ceremo'nial, a. formal, exter-
nal.
cer'emony, n. outward rite.
cer'tify, v. to give notice.
cessa'tion, n. stop, rest, pause.
ces'sion, n. a resigning.
chafe, v. to fret, to rage.
chagrin', n. ill humour.
chalk, n. a white substance.
challenge, v. to claim, dare.
cham'ber, n. an upper room.
cham'pion, n. a great warrior.
chan'cery, n. a court of equity.
chan'nel, n. course of a stream.
cha'os, n. a confused heap.
chap'ter, n. division of a book.
character, n. a mark, letter.
char'coal, n. coal made of
wood.
charge, n. care, trust.
charge'able, a. expensive,
costly.
char'itable, a. kind, bountiful.
char'ity, n. love, alms, can-
dour.
charm, v. to delight, to en-
chant.
char'ter, n. a patent, grant.
chasm, n. cleft, opening.
chastise', v. to correct.
chas'tisement, n. punishment.
CIR
128
COH
Chat' ter,t\ to prate, to talk idly.
cheap, a. of low price,
cheat, v. to defraud,
check, v. to stop,
cheer'ful, a. gay, lively,
cherish,!). to support,nourish.
chew, v. to grind with the
teeth,
chide, v. to rebuke, reprove,
chief, a. principal, first,
child'ish, a. like a child,
chime'ra, ft. vain idle fancy,
chimerical, a. imaginary,
chol'er, n. anger, rage,
choose, v. to pick, to cull,
cho'rus, ft. company of sing-
chouse, v. to cheat. [ers.
j chr6nlcle, ft. a register of
events,
chronol'ogy, ft. dates of
events,
churlish, a. surly, rude,
chyle, ft. milky fluid,
cinc'turs, ft. a girdle,
cin'ders, ft. small coals,
ci'pher, v. to use figures,
cir'cle, n. a round ring,
cir'cuit, ft. space, extent,
cir'cular, a. round like a circle,
cir'culate, v. to spread round,
circum'ference, ft. limit of a
circle,
circumja'cent, a. lying round,
circumlocu'tion, n. round of
words,
circumscribe', v. to inclose.
cir'cumspect,?. edict, law.
dedicate, v. to devote,
deduce', v. to infer from,
deduct', v. to take from,
deduc'tion, n. abatement,
deface', v. to blot out, destroy
Defalcate, vaXo lessen, to cut[
defame', v. to censure, [off.
defama'tion, n. slander,
defecate, v. to cleanse, purify,
defect', n. blemish,
defection, n. a falling away,
defence', n. guard, protection,
defer', v. to put off.
deference, n. respect, regard,
deficiency, n. something
lacking,
define', v. to explain,
definite, a. limited, precise, j
defini'tion, n. act of denning, !
deform', v. to disfigure, spoil. |
defraud', v. to rob, to cheat, j
defy', v. to challenge, [tue. |
degen'erate, v. to decay in vir- j
degrada'tion, n. degeneracy,
degrade', v. to lessen in value,
deject', v. to cast down.
delay', v. to put off, to stop,
delect'able, a. pleasing,
del'egate, n. a deputy,
delete'rious, a. poisonous,
deliberate, v. to think slowly,
delicate, a. nice, soft,
delight', v. to please, satisfy,
delin'eate, v. to draw, paint,
delinquent, n. an offender,
delirious, a. raving, wander-
deli v'er, v. to give up. [ing.
delude', v. tc deceive,
delu'sion,??. cheat, deception,
demean', v. to behave,
demean'our, n. behaviour, !
carriage,
demolish, v. to destroy, to
break down,
demon'strate, v. to prove,
demure', «. grave, modest,
denomination, n. a name.
12
DET
134
DIS
Den'sity, ri. compactness.
denti'tion, n. cutting of teeth.
denuncia'tion,n. public threat.
depart'ment,n. separate office.
departure, n. going away.
dependence, ?2. reliance, trust.
deplo'rable, a. lamentable.
deplore', v. to lament.
deport'ment, n. conduct.
deposit, v. to lay aside,
deprav'ity, n. corruption,
dep'recate, v. to pray for
mercy. [} n g-
depreda'tion,n. robbing, spoil-
deprive', v. to take from,
depute', v. to appoint, send,
dep'uty, 71. an agent, substi-
deride', v. to mock. [tute.
derls'ion, n. scorn,
der'ogate, v. to detract, lessen,
descendant, n. offspring,
describe', v. to represent,
des'ert, ??. waste country
design', v. to propose, plan.
Devastation, n§ waste.
devel'op, v. to unfold.
cle'viate, v. to wander.
de'vious, a. out of the way.
devise', v. to give by will.
devo'tion, n. piety; worship.
devout', a. religious.
dexter'ity, n. activity.
dex'terous, a. expert.
di'alect, n. manner of speech.
di'alogue, n. a discourse be-
tween two. [circle.
diam'eter, n. line across a
dic'tate, v. to tell another.
dic'tion, ??. style, language.
dictionary, n. a book of
words.
different, a. distinct.
difficult, a. hard.
diffidence, n. distrust.
diffuse', v. to spread out.
| digest', v. to dissolve.
j dig'nify, v. to advance, prefer.
! digress', v. to turn aside.
desi'rable,«. worthy of desire, i dilate', v. to extend, widen.
desi'rous, a. full of desire,
des'olate, a. laid waste,
despatch', v. to send away,
des'perate, a. without hope,
des'picable, a. mean,
despond', v. to despair.
des'potism,n. absolute power,
des'titute, a. forsaken,
destruction, n. ruin,
detach', v. to separate,
detect', v. to discover,
detec'tion, n. discovery,
deter'mine, v. to decide, to
settle,
detest'able, a. hateful,
detraction, n. scandal,
det'riment, n. loss, damage.
dil'atory, a. slow, lazy.
j diligence, n. industry.
j dilute', v. to make thin.
j dimension, n. bulk, extent.
I dimin'ish, v. to make less.
diph'thong, n. two vowels. ,
j direct', v. to order, regulate.
j disadvantage, n. loss, injury.
! disagree', v. to differ.
disappear', v. to vanish.
| disapprove', v. to dislike. '
disas'ter, n. misfortune.
I discard', v. to dismiss.
| discern', v. to see, to judge.
, disci'ple, n. a scholar.
J discipline, n. rule, order.
j disclose', v. to reveal.
DIS
135
DUN
Discom'fit, v. to defeat,
discompose', v. to disorder,
disconcert', v. to unsettle,
dis'cord, n. disagreement,
dis 'count, v. to deduct.
discour'age, v. to depress,
discredit, v. not to believe,
discretion, n. prudence,
discriminate, v. to mark,
discuss', v. to examine,
disdain 'ful, a. scornful,
disease', n. malady, sickness,
disentan'gle, v. to free from,
disfig'ure, v. to deform,
disgrace', n. dishonour,
disgrace'ful, a. shameful.
disgust', v. to offend,
disguise', v. to conceal,
dishon'est, a. faithless,
disingen'uous, a. unfair,
dislocate, v. to put out of
Joint,
dis'mal, a. sorrowful,
dismay', v. to terrify,
dismiss', v. to send away,
disobe'dient, a. undutiful.
disoblige', v. to offend,
disor'cleiyi. tumult, confusion,
disown', v. to deny,
disperse', v. to scatter,
display', v. to spread out.
displeas'ure, n. anger.
disposi'tion,?z. method, order,
dispute', v. to contend for.
dissect', v. to divide,
dissem'ble, v. to pretend,
disseminate, v. to scatter as
seed,
dissent', v. to disagree,
disserta'tion, n. a discourse,
essay,
dissipation, n. extravagance.
Dissolve', v. to melt.
dis'solute, a. loose, wild.
dis'tance, n. remoteness.
distinct', a. different ; plain.
distinguish, v. to mark.
distort', v. to twist.
distrain', v. to seize.
distribute, v. to divide among. I
disturb 'ance, n. disorder.
diverge', v. to bend from a
line.
divert'^ v. to turn aside.
diver'sity, n. difference.
divide', v. to part, to separate.
divine', a. heavenly.
diur'nal, a. daily.
divulge', v. to publish.
doc'ible, a. easily taught.
docility, n. aptness to learn.
doc'trine, ri. law, precept.
doc'ument, n. written precept.
dogmatic, a. positive.
dole'ful, a. sorrowful.
domes'tic, a. of the house.
domineer', v. to rule with
rigour.
dominion, n. authority ; re-
gion.
dona'tion, n. a gift.
dor'mant, a. sleeping.
doubt, n. uncertainty, sus-
pense.
drain, v. to draw off.
dread'ful, a. terrible.
drea'ry, a. gloomy, dismaL
drone, n. an idler.
droop, v. to languish.
drought, n. dry weather.
du'bious, a. doubtful.
duc'tile, a. pliable, flexible.
dul'cet, a. sweet.
diin'geon, n. a dark prison.
ELE
136
ENH
Du'plicate, n. a copy,
dupli'city, n. double dealing,
du'rable, a. lasting,
dura'tion, n. continuance,
du'tiful, a. obedient,
dwarf, n. below size.
E.
Ea'ger, a. quick, ardent.
ear'nest, a. warm, zealous.
eccen'trie, a. irregular, un-
steady.
eclip'tie, n. a great circle.
econ'omy, it, .good manage-
ment.
ec'stacy, n. great joy.
ed'ifice, n. a building.
ed'ify, v. to instruct.
edi'tion, n. publication of a
book.
ed'ucate, v. to bring up.
educe', v. to draw out.
effect', v. to bring to pass.
effec'tual, a. powerful.
effem'inacy, n. softness, [hot.
efferves'cence, n. a growing
efficacy, n. power, virtue.
efficient, a. causing effect.
effluence, n. a flowing.
effort, n. a struggle. [self.
e'gotism, n. speaking of one's
egre'gious, a. remarkable.
egress', n. a going out.
eject', v. to throw out.
elab'orate,«. with great labour.
elapse', v. to pass away.
elas'tic, a. limber, springy.
elate', it. to puff up.
elect', v. to choose.
el'egant, a. nice, beautiful.
el'egy, n. a mournful song.
el'ement, n. a simple body.
El'evate, v. to exalt,
ellip'sis, n. a defect ; oval,
elocu'tion, n. delivery.
elonga'tion,n, making longer,
elope', v. to run away.
eToquent, a. fluent,
elu'eidate, v. to make plain,
ema'ciate, v. to lose flesh,
emana'tion, n. flowing from,
emancipate, v. to set free,
embar'go, n, a stop.
embar'rass f v. to perplex,
embeTlish, v. to adorn,
embez'zle, v. to waste,
em'blem, n. a likeness,
embrace, v. to clasp, to fold,
emerge', v. to rise out of.
emet'ie, n. a vomit,
em'igrate, v. to remove.
em'inent, a. high, lofty,
emis'sion, n. sending out.
emol'ument, n. profit,
emo'tion, n. disturbance,
em'phasis, n. stress of voice,
emphat'ie, a. forcible,
employ'ment, n. business.
em'ulate, v. to equal,
enact', v. to establish,
enco'mium, n. praise,
encoun'ter, v. to attack,
encour'age, v. to animate,
encroach', v. to invade,
eneum'ber, v. to clog,
endeav'our, v. to try.
endorse', v. to write on the
back,
endow', v. to give a portion,
endue', v. to supply with,
en'ergy, n. power, force,
ener'vate, ?:. to weaken,
enfranchise, v. to make free,
enhance', v. to raise in value.
ERR
137
EXC
.Enlg'ma, n. a riddle.
enjoy', v. to feel pleasure.
enlarge', v. to increase.
enlight'en, v. to instruct.
en'mity, n. ill-will, malice.
enor'mity, n. great crime.
enor'mous, a. very wicked,
enough', a. sufficient.
enrol', v. to record.
ensam'ple, n. a pattern.
enterprise, n. an arduous at-
tempt.
entertain', v. to treat kindly.
ejithu'siasm, n. heat, ardour.
entice', v. to allure.
entrea'ty, n. petition.
envel'op, v. to cover, to hide.
enven'om, v. to poison.
en'vious, a, full of envy.
envl'ron, v. to surround.
en'vy, n. ill-will, hatred.
epic, a. narrative.
epicure, n. a luxurious man.
epidem'ic, a. general.
epis'tie, n. a letter.
epit'ome, 71. an abridgment.
equal'ity, n. likeness.
equanimity, n. evenness of
mind,
e'quinox, n. equal day and
night.
eq'uipage, n. attendance.
eq'uitable, a. just, candid.
equiv'ocal, a. doubtful.
equiv'ocate, v. to evade.
eradicate, v. to pull up by
the roots.
erase', v. to blot out.
erect' v. to build, to raise up.
erode', v. to eat away.
erra'ta, n. faults in printing.
erro'neous, a. full of errors.
Erudi'tion, n. learning,
erup'tion, n. a breaking out.
eschew', v. to avoid.
escort', v. to guard,
es'culent, a. good for food,
espe'cial, a. principal, chief.
essay', v. to try, to attempt,
es'sence, n. substance,
essen'tial, a. necessary,
esteem', v. to value,
estimation, n. value,
eter'nal, a. everlasting,
eter'nity, n. without end.
ethe'real, a. heavenly,
eth'ics, n. morality,
evac'uate, v. to leave empty,
evade', v. to elude,
evanes'cent, a. fading, vanish-
ing,
evap 'orate, v. to fly off.
eva'sion, n. excuse, artifice,
event', n. end, issue,
everlasting, a. perpetual,
evidence, n. testimony,
evident, a. plain,
evince* v. to prove,
evolu'tion, n. an unfolding,
exact, a. nice, accurate,
exaggerate, v. to make larger,
exalt', v. to lift up, to extol*
examine, v. to question,
exam'ple, n. pattern,
exas'perate, v. to provoke,
exceed', v. to surpass,
ex'cellent, a. of great value,
except', v. to leave out.
excess',??. more than enough,
excite', v. to stir up.
exclaim', v. to cry out.
exclude', v. to shut out.
excru'ciate, v. to torture.
excul'pate,v. to justify, clear.
12*
EXT
138
FER
Excursion, n. agoing abroad.
ex'ecrable, a. hateful.
ex'ecute, v* to perform-
exem'plary, a. upright.
exempt', a. privileged, free.
exer'tion, n. an effort.
exhala'tion, n. vapour.
exhaust', v. to drain.
exhibit, v. to display, show.
exhil'arate, v. to enliven.
exhort', v. to advise.
exile, n. banishment.
exigence, n. want, need.
exist', v. to be, to live.
ex-it, n. departure.
exon'erate, v. to unload.
exorbitant, a. extravagant.
exotic, a. foreign.
expand', v. to spread out.
expedient, a. fit, proper.
experience, n. practice.
experiment, n. trial.
expert', a. skilful, ready.
ex'piate, v. to atone.
ex'plicate, v . to unfold.,
expli'cit, a. plain, clear.
explore', v. to search out.
export', v. to carry out.
expositor, n. an explainer.
expostulate, v. to question.
expound', v. to explain.
expul'sion, n. a driving out.
expunge', v. to efface, to blot
out.
ex'quisite, a. nice, excellent.
I ex'tant, a. now in being.
: extern 'pore, ad. readily.
| exten'sive, a. wide, large.
exte'rior, a. outside.
! exter'nal, a. outward.
: extin'guish, v. to put out.
extir'pate, v. to root out.
Extol', v. to praise,
extort', v. to draw by force,
extraneous, a. foreign,
extreme', a. greatest,
exu'berance, n. superabun-
dance,
exude', v. to sweat out.
exult', v. to triumph.
F.
Fab'ric, n. a building.
fab'ulous, a. full of fables.
face'tious, a. lively, gay.
facility, n. easiness.
fac'tion, n. a tumult, party.
factitious, a. made by art.
fac'tor, Hi an agent.
fac'ulty, n. ability, power.
falla'cious, a. deceitful.
fallible, a. liable to err.
familiar, a. affable, free.
famine, n. scarcity of food.
fantas'tic, a. fanciful, odd.
farce, n. mockery.
farina'ceous, a. mealy.
fas'cinate, v. to bewitch.
fashion, n. form, custom.
fastidious, a. nice, squeam-
ish.
fatigue', n. weariness.
fawn, n. a young deer.
fea'ture, n. cast of the face.
fec'ulent, a. foul.
feciin'dity, n. fruitfulness.
fee'ble, a. weak, sickly.
feign, v. to pretend.
feli'city, n. happiness.
fermenta'tion, n. internal mo-
tion.
fero'cious, a. fierce, savage.
fer'tile, a. fruitful.
fer'vent, a. hot, zealous.
FOC
139
FUL
Fer'vour, n. heat, zeal.
fes'tive, a. joyous.
feud, n. a quarrel.
fi'bre, n. like a thread.
fi'brous, a. full of threads.
fickle, a. changeable.
fic'tion, n. false story.
fidelity, n. faithfulness.
fierce, a. cruel, violent.
fig'urative, a. formal.
fil'ament, n. a small thread.
filial, a. affection of a son.
film, n. a thin skin.
filler, v. to strain liquor.
fi'nal, a. last.
finical, a. foppish, nice.
fi'nite, a. limited.
firlnament, n. upper regions.
fis'cal, a. relating to revenue.
fis'sure, n. a chasm.
flac'cid, a. weak, limber.
flagi'tious, a. wicked, vile.
fla'grant, a. notorious.
flam'beau, n. a lighted torch.
flat'tery, n. false praise.
flat'ulent, a. windy.
fla/vour, n. taste, smell.
flee, v. to run away.
fleet, a. nimble, swift.
flexible, a. easily bent.
fTip'pant, a. pert, talkative.
float, v. to swim on the top.
flood, n. a great flow of wa-
ter.
florid, a. fresh, blooming.
flourish, v. to prosper, to
thrive.
fluctuation, n. change.
flu'ency, n. eloquence.
fluid, a. flowing, liquid.
foam, v. to froth.
fo'cus, n. a center point.
Foible, n. a weakness,
foliage, n. leaves.
foment', v. to bathe ; cherish,
fop 'pish, a. foolish, vain,
forbear', v. to cease from,
forbid', v. to hinder,
forecast', v. to contrive,
foreclose', v. to shut up.
forego', v.- to give up.
foretell', v. to predict,
for'feit, n. a fine, penalty,
forgive', v. to pardon,
formidable, a. dreadful,
for'titude, h. courage,
fortuitous, a. happening,
fos'sil, a. mineral ; shell.
foundation, n. a basis,
foun'tain, n. a well, spring,
frac'tion, n. a broken part,
fragile, a. brittle,
frag'ment, n. broken piece,
fra'grance, n. sweet smell,
frail, a. weak, unstable,
frank, a. free, open,
fran'tic, a. mad, enraged.
frateVnal, a. brotherly
fraud, n. deceit, cheat,
free'dom, n. liberty, ease,
freeze, v. to congeal,
fren'zy, n. madness,
fre'quent, a. often,
fric'tion, n. rubbing,
fri'gid, a. cold, dull,
friv'olous, a. trifling,
frontier', n. outside limit,
fro 'ward, a. peevish,
fru'gal, a. thrifty,
frui'tion, n. enjoyment,
frustrate, v. to disappoint,
fu'gitive, a. flying,
fulfil', v. to perform,
ful'gent, a. shining.
GIG
140
GRA
Ful'minant, a. thundering,
ful'some, a. offensive,
fii'migate, v. to smoke,
func'tion, n. office, power,
fundamental, a. essential,
fu'rious, a. mad, raging,
fur'nish, v. to supply,
fur'niture, n. goods, chattels,
fu'sion. n. act of melting,
fu'tile, a. trifling, weak,
futu'rity, n. time to come.
G.
Gainsa'y, v. to oppose.
gal'axy, n. the milky way.
gallant, a. brave,
gam'bol, v. to skip, to frolic,
gang, 7i. a troop,
gar'ble, v. to sift, to cull
gar'gle, n. to wash the throat,
garland, n. a wreath,
gar'nish, v. to adorn,
gar'rulous, a. talkative,
gath'er, v. to collect,
gau'dy, a. showy.
g'ay'ety, n. finery, show,
gem, n. a precious stone,
gen'der, n. a sort, sex.
geneal'ogy, n. descent of a
family,
gen'eral, a. common, usual,
generation, n. a race, an age.
gen'erous, a. liberal,
genteel', a. polite, graceful,
gen'tle, a. mild, soft,
gen'uine, a. true, certain,
germe, n. a sprout or shoot,
ges'ture, n. motion,
gew'gaw, n. a toy, plaything,
gi'ant, n. a very large man.
gid'dy, a, heedless,
gigan'tic, a. bulky, very large.
Gig'gle, v. to laugh idly.
gla'cial, a. icy, frozen.
glad'ness, n. joy.
gland, 7i. a fleshy substance.
gla'ring, a. bright.
glean, v. to gather up.
glee, n. merriment.
glide, v. to flow gently.
glim'mer, v. to shine faintly.
glis'ten, v. to shine brightly.
globe, 7i. a ball, sphere.
glob'ular, a. round.
gloom'y, a. cloudy, sad.
glo'rify, v. to honour, praise.
glo'rious, a. excellent, noble.
glos'sary, n. obscure words
defined.
glue, 7i. cement.
glu'tinous, a. like. cement.
glut'tony'n. excess of eating.
goal, 7i. end of a race.
godly, a. divine, god-like.
gor'geous, a. fine, showy.
gov'ern, v. to rule, to regu-
late.
grace, n. favour, privilege.
grace 'ful, a. agreeable.
gra'cious, a. kind, merciful.
grada'tion, n. progress.
grad'ual, a. by degrees.
graminiv'orous, a. eating
grass.
gran'ary, n. a storehouse.
grand'eur, n. show, state.
gran'ulate, v. to form grains.
grasp, v. to hold fast.
grate 'ful, a. thankful.
gratifica'tion, 7i. pleasure.
gratitude, n. sense of bene-
fits.
gratuitous, a. voluntary.
gravity, ?i. weight.
HAR
141
HOM
Gravita'tion, n. tending to the
centre.
greet, v. to salute, to address.
grega'rious, a. going in flocks.
grief, n. sorrow, trouble.
griev'ous, a. heavy, afflictive.
groan, v. to sigh aloud.
gross, a. fat, corpulent, thick.
grotesque', a. unnatural.
grotto, n. a cavern, cave.
grov'el, v. to creep low.
groundless, a. without rea-
son.
group, n. a crowd, cluster.
growth, n. increase.
grudge, n. envy, ill-will.
guard, n. defence, caution.
guar'dian, n. a care-taker.
guess, v. to suppose.
guile, n. deceit, cunning.
guilt, n. crime, offence, sin.
gulf, n. a whirlpool.
gymnas'tic, a. strong, vigor-
ous.
H.
Habit, n. custom ; dress,
habita'tion, n. place of abode,
habit'ual, a. customary,
hag'gard, a. ugly, deformed,
hallow, v. to make hoty.
ham'let, n. a small village,
han'dicraft, a. done by hand,
hand'some, a. graceful, fine,
han'ker, v. to long for.
hapless, a. unhappy,
hap'piness, n. felicity, joy.
harangue', n. an oration,
har'ass, v. to weary,
har'bour, n. a port, shelter,
harmo'nious, a. musical,
har'mony, n. ao;reement.
Harsh, a. rough, sour.
har'vest, n. in-gathering.
hast'en, v. to urge on.
haired, n. ill-will.
haugh'ty, a. proud, insolent.
hav'oc, 11. waste.
haz'ard, n. danger, exposure.
headlong, a. rash, forward.
heart'y, a. sincere ; healthy.
heav'enly, a. celestial.
heed, n. care, attention.
heedless, a. careless, negli-
gent.
heifer, n. a young cow.
hein'ous, a. very wicked.
heir, n. inheritor by law.
help'ful, a. assisting.
hemisphere, n. half a globe.
hem 'orrhage, n. flow of blood.
her'ald, n. a crier, officer.
herb'age, n. grass, pasture.
herd, n. a flock of cattle.
hereditary, a. descent by in-
heritance.
heritage, n. inheritance.
her'mit, n. one living alone.
heroic, a. brave, noble.
hesitate, v. to pause, think.
hiber'nal, a. of winter.
hid'eous, a. horrible, ugly.
hieroglyphic, n. an emblem.
high'way, n. great road.
hilarity, n. merriment.
histo'rian, n. a writer of his-
tory.
his'tory, n. narrative of facts.
hoard, v. to lay up store.
hoar'y, a. gray with age.
hoist, v. to raise up.
holiness, n. purity, piety.
holy, a. pure.
hom'age, n. duty, respect.
HYS
142
1MM
Hom'icide, n. a manslayer.
homogeneous, -a. same na-
ture.
hon'est, a, upright, true.
hon'esty, n. justice, truth.
honourable, a. noble, gene-
rous.
hope 'ful, a. promising.
hori'zon, n. level view.
hor'rible, a. dreadful.
hor'rid, a. shocking.
hor'ror, n. terror, fear.
horticulture, n. gardening.
hos'pitable, a. kind to stran-
gers.
bos'tile, a. adverse, oppo-
site.
hostility, n. open war.
hov'el, n. a shed.
howl, v. to cry as a dog.
huge, «• vast, immense.
humane', a. kind, civil.
humanity, n. tenderness.
hum'ble, a. low, meek.
hu'mid, a. wet, moist.
humU'ity, n. lowliness, mo-
desty.
hu'morous, a. merry, jocu-
lar.
hun'ger, n. desire of food.
hurricane, n. a violent storm.
hus'bandman, n. a farmer.
hydropho'bia, n. dread of wa-
ter, mad.
hymn, n. a sacred song.
hypochon'driac, a. melan-
choly.
hypoc'risy, n. deceit.
hyp'ocrite, n. a deceiver.
hypoth'esis, n. a supposi-
tion.
hys'sop, n. a plant.
I.J.
Jan'gle, v. to quarrel.
jar'gon, n. nonsense.
jaun'dice, n. a disease.
ide'a, n. mental image.
identical, a. the same.
id'iom, n. mode of speaking.
idol'atry, n. the worship of
images.
jeal'ous, a. suspicious.
jeop'ardy, n. danger, hazard.
ig'neous, a. fiery.
igno'ble, a. mean, base.
ignomin'ious, a. disgraceful.
Ig'norance, n. want of know-
ledge.
ille'gal, a. contrary to law.
illi'cit, a. unlawful.
iHit'erate, a. unlearned.
illu'minate, v. to enlighten.
illu'sive, n. deceiving.
illus'trate, v. to make clear.
illustration, n. explanation.
illus'trious, a. noble.
Im'age, n. a picture ; idol.
ima'ginary, a. fanciful.
ima'gine, v. to fancy, to
think.
imbe'cile, a. weak, feeble.
imbibe', v. to drink in.
imbrue', v. to steep, to soak.
imbue', v. to tincture.
im'itate, v. to copy.
immac'ulate, a. pure.
immature', a. not ripe.
immeasurable, a. indefinite.
immediate, a. instant.
immemo'rial, a. past memory.
immense', «. unlimited.
immerge', v. to put under
water. [face.
immer'sion,n. below the sur-
IMP
143
INC
Im'minent, «. hanging over,
immod'est, a. unchaste,
immor'al, a. dishonest,
immor'tal, a. never-dying,
immove'able, a. firm,
immu'nity, n. privilege,
immu'table, a. unchangeable,
impair', v. to lessen, injure,
impartial, a. equal, just,
impeach', v. to accuse,
impede', v. to hinder,
impediment, n. hindrance,
impend', v. to hang over,
impen'itent, a. hardened.
imperative, a. commanding,
imper'fect, a. defective,
impe'rious, a. haughty,
imper'tinence, n. folly, tri-
fling.
imper'vious, a. impassable.
impet'uous, a. violent, hasty.
impi'ety, n. wickedness.
implac'able, a. malicious.
im'plement, n. a tool.
im'plicate, v. to entangle.
impH'cit, a. resting upon.
implore', v. to ask, to beg.
imply', v. to signify.
importance, n. consequence.
important, a. of moment.
importune', v. to tease.
impos'tor, n. a deceiver.
im'potent, a. weak, feeble.
impracticable, a. impossible.
impreca'tion, n. a curse.
impregnate, v. to fill.
impress', v. to print, to fix.
improb'able, a. unlikely.
improp'er, a. unfit.
improve', v. to grow better.
improve'ment, n. advance-
ment.
Impru'dent, a. indiscreet.
im'pudent, a. bold.
Im'pulse, n. force, motion.
impu'nity, n. free from pu-
nishment.
impute', v. to charge, to at-
tribute.
inabil'ity, n. want of power.
inac'curate, a. not exact, in-
correct.
inac'tive, a. indolent.
inad'equate, a. defective.
inadver'tent, a. careless.
inanimate, a. void of life,
dull.
inatten'tion, n. negligence.
inau'gurate, v. to invest.
inca'pable, a. unable.
incar'cerate, v. to imprison.
incau'tious, a. unwary.
incen'diary, n. one who sets
houses on fire.
inces'sant, a. continual.
in'cident, n. an event.
incip'ient, a. beginning.
incite', v. to stir up.
inclem'ent, a. harsh, rough.
inclina'tion, n. tendency, de-
sire.
include', v. to take in.
incog'nito, ad. not known.
incoherent, «. not connected.
incommode', v. to hinder.
incommo'dious, a. unfit.
incompatible, a. not agree-
ing-
incomprehensible, a. un-
known.
inconceivable, a. not under-
stood.
incongruity, n. inconsistency.
inconsist'ent, a. absurd.
INE
144
1NJ
Incon'stant, a. fickle, un-
steady.
incontrovertible, a. true.
incorporate, v. to mix, to
embody.
incorrigible, a. depraved.
increase', v. to grow.
incredible, a. not believed.
incredulity, n. want of credit.
incul'cate, v. to instruct.
incum'bent, a. resting upon.
incur'sion, n. attack.
inde'cent, a. want of manners.
indefatigable, a. unwearied.
indefinite, a. without limit.
indelicate, a. rude.
indeni'nify, v. to make good.
independent, a. free.
in'dicate, v. to show.
in'dex, n. a table ; pointer.
in'digence, n. want.
in'digent, «. poor, needy.
indigna'tion, n. anger.
indiscreet, a. not prudent.
indiscre'tion, n. rashness.
indiscrim'inate, a. confused.
indisposi'tion, n. sickness.
indis'soluble, a. firm.
indite', v. to compose.
individual, n. single person.
In'dolent, a. lazy.
indu'bitable, a. certain.
induce', v. to persuade.
induc'tive, a. persuasive.
indul'gent, a. kind.
indus'trious, a. diligent.
ine'briate, v. to intoxicate.
ineffable, a. unspeakable.
inefFec'tual, a. weak.
inel'egant, a. mean, coarse.
inert', a. sluggish.
inevitable, a. unavoidable.
Inexhaust'ible, a. not to be
spent.
inex'plicable, a. not open.
infallible, a. certain.
in'famous, a. base, mean.
in'fantile, a. of an infant.
infat'uate, v. to bewitch.
infect', v. to taint, to corrupt.
infec'tion, n. contagion.
in'ference, n. conclusion.
infe'rior, a. lower.
infidelity, n. want of faith.
in'finite, a. without bounds.
infirm', a. weak, feeble.
infirm'ity, n. weakness.
inflame', v. to kindle.
inflammation, n. heat.
inflate', v. to puff up.
inflect', v. to bend.
inflexible, a. firm.
in'fluence, n. power.
inform', v. to tell.
informa'tion, n. intelligence.
infringe', v. to encroach on.
inge'nious, a. witty.
ingenuity, n. wit, genius.
ingen'uous, a. open, candid,
fair.
ingra'tiate, v. to get in favour.
ingratitude, n. unthankful-
ness.
ingre'dient, n. part of a thing.
in'gress, n. entrance.
inhabit, v. to dwell in.
inhale', v. to draw in air.
inhe'rent, a. in a thing.
inherit, v. to receive, to pos-
sess.
inhos'pitable, a. cold ; un-
kind.
inhu'man, a. barbarous.
inject', v. to cast in.
INT
145
INV
Inimical, a. contrary.
ini'quity, n. injustice.
ini'tiate, v. to enter.
injudicious, a. unwise.
in'jury, n. mischief, harm.
in'nocence, n. purity.
innovation, n. novelty.
innu'merable, a. beyond num-
ber.
inoffen'sive, a. harmless.
insanity, n. madness.
insa'tiable, a. not satisfied.
inscription, n. a title.
insensibility, n. stupidity.
inseparable, a. united.
insert', v. to place in.
insid'ious, a. treacherous.
insignificant, a. worthless.
insin'uate, v. to hint.
insip'id, a. tasteless.
in'soleoce, n. arrogance.
insolvent, a. unable to pay.
inspect', v. to examine.
inspire', v. to breathe.
instability, n. want of stea-
diness.
instead', pr. in place of.
in'stigate, v. to urge on.
in'stinct, n. natural desire.
in'stitute, n. establishment.
instruction, n. teaching.
in'strument, n. a tool.
insurTi'cient,«.wantingpower.
insi'ilt', v. to offend, to vex.
insu'perable, a. difficult to
attain.
inte'ger, n. a whole.
in'tellect, ??. understanding.
intelligent, a. knowing.
intem'perance, n. excess.
intense', a. very great.
intention, n. design.
Intercede', v. to mediate.
intercourse, n. commerce.
interdict, v. to forbid.
in'terest, n. advantage.
interfere', v. to meddle.
inte'rior, a. inward.
interline', v. to write between
interlo'per,n. a meddler.
intermis'sion, n. pause, stop
intermit'tent, a. by fits.
interpose, v. to mediate.
inter'pret, v. to explain.
interrogate, v. to question.
interrog'ato*y, n. a query.
interrupt', v. to hinder.
intersect', v. to cut in two.
intersperse', v. to scatter.
in'terstice, n. space between.
in'terval, n. time between.
in'terview, n. mutual sight.
intes'tate, n. one dying with-
out a will.
in'tiinate, a. familiar.
intolerable, a. not to be borne.
intoxicate, v. to make drunk.
intrench', v. to fortify.
intrepid, a. bold, fearless.
intricate, a. entangled.
intrigue', h. a plot.
intrin'sic, a. inward, real.
introduce', v. to bring in.
intrude', v. to come uncalled.
intu'itive, a. seeing at once.
invalid, a. weak, of no effect.
invalidate, v. to weaken.
invariable, a. constant.
invec'tive, n. abusive speech.
invei'gle, v. to allure, to de-
coy.
inverse', «. change of order.
invest', v. to clothe with
power.
13
KER 146 LAW
Investigate, v. to search into.
Key, n. for a lock.
invet'erate, a. old, fixed.
kin'dle, v. to set on fire.
invidious, a. envious. ,
kin'dred, n. relation, affinity.
invig'orate, v. to enliven.
king'dom, n. king's domi-
invi'olate, a. unhurt.
nions.
invisible, a. not seen.
kins'folk, n. relations.
invite', v. to ask.
kna'vish, a. dishonest.
inunda'tion, n. a flood.
knead, v. to work dough.
invocation, 72. a calling upon.
knell, n. sound of a bell.
invol'untary, a. unwilling.
knowledge, n. skill, learning.
involution, n. a rising up.
knuc'kle, v. to submit.
invul'nerable, a. not to be
hurt.
L.
joc'ular, a. merry.
La'bel, n. a direction, name.
jollity, 11. gayety, mirth.
labial, a. of the lips.
jo' vial, a. gay, airy.
labo'rious, a. toilsome.
joy'ful, a. glad.
lab'yrinth, n. a winding
irk'some, a. tiresome.
maze.
irra'diate, v. to enlighten.
lac'erate, v. to tear.
irra'tional, a. void of reason.
laconic, a. short, brief.
irrefragable, a. not to be re-
lac'teous, a. milky.
futed.
laity, n. the common people.
irrelevant, a. unassisting.
lam'entable, a. mournful.
irresistible, a. not to be op-
lamenta'tion, n. mourning,
posed.
sorrow.
irrevocable, a. not to be called
landscape, n. tract of coun-
back.
try.
ir'ritate, v. to provoke.
lan'guid, a. faint, weak.
is'sue, n. conclusion, result.
lan'guish, v. to pine away.
itln'erant, a. wandering.
lan'guor, n. faintness, weak-
ju'bilee, n. public feast.
ness.
judi'cious, a. prudent.
lapse, v. to fall away.
juice, 11. liquor, sap.
lar'ceny, n. petty theft.
junc'tion, n. union.
lascivious, a. wanton, lewd.
junc'ture, n. critical time.
las'situde, n. weariness.
ju'nior, a. younger.
la'tent, a. secret, hidden.
jus'tify, v. to defend.
latitude, n. breadth, extent.
ju'venile, a. youthful.
lava'tion, n. act of washing,
laud'able, a. praiseworthy.
K.
laugh'ter, n. merriment.
i Keen, a. sharp, eager.
lavish, v. to waste.
1 ker'nel, n. inside of a nut.
lawn, n. open space.
LIT
147
MAN
Lax, a. vague, loose.
lazy, a. sluggish, idle.
lead, v. to conduct, to guide.
league, v . to unite together.
leave, v. to quit, to forsake.
lec'tion, n. a reading.
lec'ture, n. a discourse.
le'gal, a. according to law.
legible, a. that may be read.
legislator, n. a lawgiver.
legislature, n. a body that
makes laws.
lei'sure, n. free from business.
lenient, a. mild, merciful.
les'son, n. a task.
lev'el, a. even, flat.
levity, n. lightness.
lewd, a. wicked, bad.
lex'icon, n. a dictionary.
li'able, a. subject to.
lib'eral, a. generous.
lib'erty, n. freedom.
li'brary, n. a collection of
books.
li'cense, n. permission.
licen'tious, a. without re-
straint.
lig'ament, n. a band.
ligneous, a. made of wood.
likelihood, n. probability.
lim'it, n. bound, border.
limn, v. to paint, to draw.
lim'pid, a. clear, pure.
lin'eage, n. race, family.
lin'eament, n. feature.
liniment, n. an ointment.
li'quefy, v. to melt.
li'quid, a. fluid, soft.
lis'ten, v. to hearken.
lit'eral, a. plain.
lit'erary, a. learned.
litiga'tion, n. lawsuit.
Lively, a. brisk, vigorous,
loathe, v. to hate, to abhor.
16'cal, a. of a place,
loca'tion, n. situation,
locomo'tive, a. power of
moving,
loft'y, a. high, sublime.
16'gic, n. art of reasoning,
longevity, n. long life,
lon'gitude, n. distance east or
west,
loqua'cious, a. talkative,
lovely, a. amiable,
lu'eid, a. bright, shining,
lu'cre, n. gain, profit,
lu'dicrous, a. laughable,
lu'minary, n. that gives light,
lu'natic, n. a mad man.
lu'rid, a. gloomy, dismal,
lus'cious, a. sweet,
lus'tre, n. brightness,
lilx'ury, n. delicious fare.
M.
Ma'cerate, v. to make lean,
machine', n. an engine,
magazine', n. a storehouse,
ma'gistrate, n. an officer,
magnanimous, a. great, brave,
magnificent, a. grand,
mag'nify, v. to extol, to en-
large,
majes'tic, a. stately,
ma'jesty, n. dignity,
main'tenance, n. support,
mal'ady, n. disease,
malefac'tor, n. an evil-doer,
malev'olence, n. ill-will,
malice, n. bad design,
malig'nant, a. bitter, envious,
mam'mon, n. riches,
management, n. conduct.
MEM
148
MOT
Man'date, n. a command.
man'hood, n. man's estate.
manifest, a. plain, open.
m an 'i fold, a. many.
man' tie, n. a cloak, wrapper.
man'ual, a. by hand.
manufacture, v. to make by
art.
manumit', v. to set free.
man'uscript, v. a writing.
mar'gin, n. a border.
mariner, n. a seaman.
mar'tial, a. warlike.
mar'vel, n. wonder.
mar'vellous, a. strange.
mas'culine, a. male.
mas'sive, a. heavy.
material, a. important.
mater'nal, a^motherly.
mat'rimony, a. marriage.
matu're, a. ripe, perfect.
mau'gre, ad. in spite of.
max'im, n. a general rule.
mea'ger, a. lean.
mean'der,??. serpentine wind-
ing.
meas'ure, n. quantity.
meclum'ic, n, a workman.
mech'anism, n. construction.
me'diate, v. to interpose.
med'ical, a. physical.
medi'cinal, a. healing.
.medioc'rity, n. middle state.
med'itate, v. to think.
mtl'ancholy, a. gloomy.
meliorate, v. to improve.
melo'dious, a. musical.
meTody, n. music.
mem'brane, ??. a thin skin.
memoir', n. an account.
memoran'dum, n. a note.
memo'rial, n. a monument.
Men'ace, v. to threaten.
m£n'dicant, n. a beggar,
mensura'tion, n. measuring,
men'tal, a. of the mind,
mercenary, a. hired,
merchandise, n. traffic,
mer'ciful, a. tender,
merid'ian, n. noon.
meYal, n. gold, silver, &c.
meth'od, n. order,
mi'grate, v. to remove place,
mil'itant, a. lighting,
military, a. warlike,
min'gle, v. to mix.
min'iature, n. small likeness,
min'istry, n. office,
mi'nor, a. less,
minority, n. under age.
minute', a. small, slender,
mirac'ulous, a. wonderful,
mis'chief, n. harm, injury,
mis'erable, a. unhappy,
mistake', v. to err.
mit'igate, v. to soften,
mod'est, a. chaste, diffident,
mod'ify, v. to shape,
mod'ern, «. late, new, fresh,
moi'ety, n. half part,
mois'ture, n. dampness,
mol'lify, v. to soften,
momen'tous, a. important,
mon'arch, n. a king,
mon'itor, n. an under teacher,
monopolize', v. to engross
all.
morality, n. duties of life,
mor'bid, a. diseased,
morose', a. peevish, sullen,
mor'tal, a. subject to death.
mor'tify, v. to corrupt,
mo'tion, n. act of moving,
mo'tive, n. incitement.
NOT
149
OCC
Mourn'ful, a. sorrowful,
mu'cilage, n. slime,
mul'tiply, v. to increase,
mul'titude, n. many,
rnun'dane, a. worldly,
munificent, a. liberal,
mus'cular, a. strong,
mailable, a. changeable,
mu'tilate, v. to cut off, dis-
figure,
mu'tual, a. by turns,
mys'tery, n. above human,
mys'tical, a. obscure, secret.
N.
Narcotic, a. stupefying,
nar'rative, n. a relation of
na'sal, a. of the nose, [facts.
na'tion, n. a people,
nativ'ity, n, birth place,
naugh'ty, a. bad, wicked,
nau'seous, a. loathsome.
navigate, v. to sail,
ne'cessary, a. needful.
neces'sity, n. compulsion,
neg'ative, a. denying,
negligent, a. careless,
negotiate, v. to treat, traffic,
neigh'bour, n. one living near,
neph'ew, n. brother's son.
nerve, n. organ of sense,
ner'vous, a. vigorous, strong,
neu'tral, a. indifferent,
nib'ble, v. to eat slowly,
niece, n. brother's daughter,
nig'gardly, a. mean, sordid,
no'ble, a. great, vv^orthy.
noctur'nal, a. nightly,
noi'some, a. offensive,
nominate, v. to name,
not'able, a. remarkable. m
no'tice, n. remark, regard.
No'tion, n. opinion,
noto'rious, a. well known,
nov'el, a. new.
nourish, v. to support by
food,
noxious, a. hurtful,
nu'dity, n. nakedness,
nu'gatory, a. trifling,
nui'sance, n. an offence,
nullify, v. to make void.
numera'tion, n. numbering,
nu'merous, a. many,
mip'tials, n. marriage,
nur'ture, v. to train up.
nu'triment, n. food,
nu'tritive, a. nourishing.
0.
Ohdu'rate, a. hard of heart,
obe'dience, n. submission,
obey'; v. to comply with,
objec'tion, n. act of opposing,
obliga'tion, n. duty,
oblique', a. not direct,
oblivion, n. forgetfulness.
obloquy, n. reproach,
obnoxious, a. liable,
obscene', a. immodest,
obscure', a. dark, gloomy,
obse'quious, a. compliant,
ob'solete, a. out of use.
ob'stacle, n. hindrance,
ob'stinate, a. stubborn,
obstruction, n. hindrance,
obtain', v. to acquire,
obtuse', a. blunt, dull,
ob'viate, v. to prevent,
ob'vious, a. open, plain,
occa'sion, n. incident,
occult', a. secret, hidden,
oc'cupy, v. to possess,
occur', v. to meet.
13*
osc
150
PAV
O'cean, n. a sea.
oc'ular, a. known by the eye.
6'dious, a. hateful.
6'dour, n. scent, smell.
offend', v. to injure.
offen'sive, a. displeasing.
officiate, v. to perform an
office.
offi'cious, a. over-forward.
olfac'tory, «. smelling.
6'men, n. a sign.
omit', v. to leave out.
omnipotent, a. all-powerful.
omnipres'ent, a. everywhere
present.
omnis'cient, a. all-knowing.
6'nerous, a. heavy, oppress-
ive.
opaque', a. dark, cloudy.
op'erate, v. to work upon.
6'piate, a. causing sleep.
opm'ion, n. notion, sentiment.
oppo'nent, n. an adversary.
op'posite, a. contrary.
oppression, n. hardship.
op 'tic, n. organ of sight.
op'tion, n. choice.
op'ulence, n. wealth.
6'ral, a. l>y mouth.
oration, n. a speech.
or'bit, n. course of a planet.
or'dinance, v. law, rule.
or'ganize, v. to form in order.
orien'tal, a. eastern.
or'ifice, n. an opening.
or'igin, n. beginning.
or'nament, n. decoration.
or'phan. n. bereft of parents.
or'thoepy, n. sound of words.
orthog'raphy, n. spelling.
oscillation, n. pendulum mo-
tion.
Os'sify, »« to change into
bone,
ostenta'tion, n. vain show.
6'val, a. like an egg.
6'verlure, n. proposal,
overwhelm', v. to crush,
outra'geous, a. violent.
Pacific, a. mild, peaeeable.
pa'cify, v. to quiet.
palliate, v. to cover.
pal'lid, a. pale.
pal'pable, a. plain, gross.
pal'pitate, v. to flutter.
pal'try, a. mean, despicable.
pam'phlet, n. a small book.
par'able, n. a similitude.
parade', n.. show.
paragraph, n. part of a sen-
tence.
par'allel, a. equidistant.
paral'ysis, n. palsy.
paramount, a. superior.
par'asite, n. a flatterer.
par'ley, v. to talk.
parsimo'nious, a. covetous.
partake', v. to share.
par'tial, a. inclined to favour.
participate, v. to have share.
pas'senger, n. a traveller.
pas'sive, a. submissive.
pas'toral, a. rural.
pater'nal, a. fatherly.
pathet'ic, a. moving.
pat'rimony, ». estate inhe-
rited.
pa'triot, n. a lover of his
country.
pat'ronage,n. favour, support.
patronise', v. to protect.
pavil'ion, n. a tent.
PER
151
POL
Pau'per, n. a poor person,
pawn, v. to pledge,
pec'toral, a. of the breast,
pec'ulate, v. to rob the public,
peculiar, a. particular,
pecuniary, a. of money.
ped'igree,?2. descent of family,
peev'ish, a. hard to please,
pen'alty, n. punishment,
pend'ent, a. hanging,
pen'etrate, v. to pierce, enter,
pen'itence, n. sorrow for
crime,
pen'sion, ft. an allowance,
pen'sive, a. sorrowful,
penul'timate, a. last but one.
penu'rious, a. sparing,
pen'ury, ft. poverty,
peradven'ture, ad. perhaps,
perceive', v. to discover, to
see.
perception, n. idea, notion,
per'colate, v. to strain,
percus'sion, n. stroke,
peremp'tory, a. absolute,
peren'nial, a. perpetual.
per'fect, a. complete, pure,
perfid'ious, a. treacherous,
per'forate, v. to bore, to
pierce,
perform', v. to do, to execute,
performance, n. action,
per'fume, n. sweet odour,
per'ilous, a. full of danger,
pe'riod, n. circuit, full stop,
per'manent, a. durable,
permls'sion, n. allowance,
perni'cious, a. very hurtful,
perpet'ual, a. never ceasing,
perplex'ity, n. anxiety,
persecute, v. to harass,
perseve'rance, n. constancy.
Persist', v. to be firm.
per'sonate, v. to resemble.
perspic'uous, a. clear.
persuade', v. to influence.
pertina'cious, a. resolute.
per'tinent, a. relating to.
perturba'tion, n. commotion.
perverse', a. crooked, cross.
peruse', v. to read.
pes'tilence, n. plague.
peti'tion, n. request.
pet'rify, v. to turn to stone.
pet'ulance, n. peevishness.
phenom'enon, n. odd appear-
ance.
philos'opher, n. a lover of
wisdom.
phrase, n. mode of speech.
pierce, v. to enter.
pil'lage, n. plunder.
pin'ion, n. part of a wing.
pi 'rate, n. a sea-robber.
pit'tance, n. a small portion.
plain, a. open, sincere.
plain'tive, a. sorrowful.
plau'sible, a. specious.
plead, v. to argue, to entreat.
pleas'ure, n. delight.
ple'nary, a. full, complete.
plen'itude, n. fulness.
plen'teous, a. abundant.
pleth'ory, n. full habit.
pli'able, a. easily bent.
plume, n. a feather.
plu'ral, a. more than one.
poig'nant, a. sharp, severe.
poise, v. to balance.
polem'ic, a. disputing.
pol'icy, ft. prudence, manage-
ment.
pol'ish, v. to give a gloss.
polite', a. genteel.
PRE
152
PRO
Politics, n. public affairs.
pollute', tf'% to defile.
pom'pous, a. grand, showy.
poii'der, v. to consider.
pon'derous, a. heavy.
pop'ular, a. of the common
people,
pop'ulous, a. full of people.
port'able, a. that may be car-
ried.
portend', v. to foretoken.
porter/tous, a. prodigious.
por'trait, n. a picture.
portray', v. to paint.
posi'tion, n. situation, place.
positive, a. certain.
possession, n. owning.
pos'sible, a. having power.
posterity, n. descendants.
postpone', v\ to put off.
po'tent, a. powerful.
pov'erty, n. indigence.
prac'tice, n. use, habit.
pragmatic, a. meddling.
precarious, a. uncertain.
precaution, v. to warn.
precede, v. to go before.
precedent, n. an example.
pre'cept, n. a rule.
pre'cious, a. valuable.
pre'cipice, n. headlong steep.
precipitant, a. hasty.
precise', a. exact, strict.
preclude', v. to shut out.
preco'cious, w. early ripe.
pred'atory, a. plundering.
predeces'sor, n. an ancestor.
predic'ament, ??. state.
predict', v.io foretell.
predilec'tion, n. preference.
predominate, v. to prevail.
pre-eminent, a. excellent.
Preface, ?i. introduction.
preference, n. choice.
prejudice, n. prepossession.
premature', a. ripe too soon.
premeditate, v. to think be-
fore.
premon'ish, v. to warn.
preponderate,?;, to outweigh.
prepos'terous, a. absurd.
presage', V. to foretell.
presci'ence,?2.forekno\vledge.
prescribe', v. to direct.
preside', v. to be set over.
pres'sure, n. force, weight.
presume', v. to suppose.
pretext', n. pretence.
I prevalence, n. influence.
pre'vious, a. going before.
i primitive, a. original.
prln'cipal, a. chief.
| pri'or, a. former.
privilege, n. advantage.
: prob'able, a. likely.
proba'tion, n. proof, trial.
probity, n. honesty.
probos'cis, n. a snout,
i proclaim', v. to publish.
procras'tinate, v. to put off.
procure', v. to obtain.
, prodigal, a. wasteful.
I prodi'gious, a. amazing, vast.
[ produc'tive, a. fertile.
| profane', a. not sacred.
< prof i'ciency,n. advancement.
| profit, n. gain, advantage.
I profligate, a. abandoned.
profound', a. deep.
profuse', a. lavish.
progenitor, n. forefather.
pro'geny, n. offspring.
prog'ress, n. motion forward.
prohibit, v. to forbid.
PUR
153
REA
Projection, n. plan, scheme.
prolific, a. fruitful.
prolix', a. long, tedious.
prominent, a. in full view.
promis'cuous, a. mixed.
promote', v. to advance, to
exalt.
prompt, a. quick, ready.
promulgate, v. to publish.
pronunciation, n. utterance.
prop'agate, v. to increase.
propensity, n. inclination.
proph'esy, v. to foretell.
propi'tious, a. kind.
proportion, n. form, relation.
proprietor, n. owner.
proscribe', v. to censure.
pros'ecute, v. to pursue.
pros'elyte, n. a convert.
prosperity, n. success.
pros Irate, a. lying flat.
protract', v. to delay.
protrude', v. to thrust for-
ward.
prov'erb, n. a wise sentence.
provision, n. food, stock.
provoke', v. to excite, to
move.
proxim'ity, n. nearness.
pru'dent, a. discreet, wise.
public, a. open.
pu'erile, a. childish.
pul'monary, a. of the lungs.
pul'verize, v. to make dusty.
punctilious, a. nice, exact.
punc'tual, a. exact to time.
pun'gent, a. sharp, biting.
punish, v. to chastise.
pu'pil, n. a learner.
purge, v. to cleanse.
pu'rify, v. to make pure.
pur'pose, n. intention.
Pursue', v. to follow,
pu'trid, a. rotten,
puz'zle, v. to perplex.
Q-
Quack, n. a pretender.
quad'ruped, n. having four
legs.
quadru'ple, a. fourfold.
quag'mire, n. a marsh.
qualify, v. to make fit.
quality, n. nature, temper.
quan'tity, n. bulk or weight.
quar'rel, v. to debate, to com-
bat.
quell, v. to crush, to subdue.
ques'tion, v. to inquire.
qui'et, n. rest, repose.
quies'cent, a. resting.
quiv'er, v. to shiver.
quota'tioh, n. a citation.
quo'tient, n. a number.
E,
Ra'diant, a. shining,
radical, a. original,
rai'ment, n. dress, garments,
raise, v. to lift, to erect,
ramify, v. to branch out.
ran'cid, a. strong-scented,
ran'dom, a. done by chance,
ran'som, n. price of freedom,
rapa'cious, a. violent,
rapid, a. quick, swift,
rar'efy, v. to make thin,
rath'er, ad. more willingly,
ratify, v. to confirm, settle,
ra'tional, a. reasonable, wise.
rav'age, v. to lay waste,
rav'enous, a. devouring,
readiness, n. freedom, faci-
lity.
REF
154
REP
Read'y, a. prompt, prepared.
re'alize, v. to make real.
rebound', v. to spring back.
rebuke', v. to chide, reprove.
recapitulate, v. to recount.
receive', v. to take, to admit.
re 'cent, a, new, late, fresh.
recep'tion, n. treatment.
recess', n. retirement.
recipient, n. a receiver.
recip'ropal, a. by turns.
recite', v. to repeat.
reck'on, v. to number, to
count.
reclaim', v. to reform.
rec'ognize,t>. to acknowledge.
recoil', v. to shrink.
recollect', v. to remember.
recompense, v. to repay, to
requite.
rec'oncile, p. to compose par-
ties.
reconnoi'tre, v. to take a
view.
record', v, to register.
recourse', n. access.
ree'reafe, v. to amuse, to re-
fresh.
recruit', v. to supply.
rec'titude, n. uprightness.
recum'bent, a. lying down.
redeem', v. to ransom.
red'olent, a. sweet-scented.
redress', n. remedy, relief.
redun'dant, a. superfluous.
refec'tory, n. eating-room.
reference, n. relation to.
refine', v. to purify.
reflec'tion, n. censure.
reform', v, to grow better.
refrac'tory, a. obstinate.
refrain', v. to forbear.
Refresh'ment, n. food, rest.
refuge, n. shelter,
reful'gence, n. brightness,
refund', v. to repay,
refute', v. to prove false,
regard', n. respect, esteem,
re'gimen, n. diet,
re'gion, n. a country,
re'gister, n. a record,
regress', n. passage back,
reg'ular, a. orderly,
reg'ulate, v. to direct, to order,
rehearse', v. to repeat,
rejoice/ v. to be glad,
reitera'tion, n. repetition,
relapse', v. to fall back,
relax', v. to slacken,
relent', v. to soften, to pity,
reluc'tant, a. unwilling,
remark 'able, a. worthy of
note.
remem'ber,v.tokeep in mind,
remiss', a. slack, slothful,
remis'sion, n. abatement,
remorse', n. pain of guilt,
remote', a. foreign, distant,
remunerate, v. to reward,
ren'ovate, v. to renew,
renown', n. fame, praise,
repair', v. to mend,
repeal', v. to recall,
repel', v. to drive back,
repent', v. to be sorry,
rep'ertory, n. a treasury,
repetition, n. a recital,
replenish, v. to renew, to fill,
repose', n. rest, quietness,
reprehend', v. to blame,
represent', v. to exhibit,
reprimand', v. to reprove,
rep 'rebate, a, wicked,
reprove', t\ to censure,
RIG
155
SAV
Repug'nant, a. contrary to.
repulse', v. to drive back,
reputa'tion, n. credit,
requisite, a. necessary,
requite', v. to repay,
rescind', v. to cut off.
res£m'ble, a. to be like,
resent', v. to take ill.
residence, n. place of abode,
resign', v. to give up.
resist', v. to oppose,
res'olute, a. constant, firm,
respect', n. regard, attention,
respire', v. to breathe,
resplen'dent, a. bright,
respond', v. to answer,
restrain', v. to withhold,
restriction, n. limitation,
result', n. consequence,
resume', v. to take back,
retain', v. to keep,
retard', v. to hinder,
retention, h. memory,
retire'ment, n. private abode,
retract', v. to recall,
retrench', v. to cut off.
retrieve', v. to recover,
retroces'sion, n. going back.
retrospec'tion,?2.1ookingback.
retrogression, n. going back,
reveal', v. to lay open,
rev'erence, n. veneration,
revert', v. to turn back,
review', v. to re-examine,
revoke', v. to repeal, recall,
revolution, n. change, rota-
tion.
rich'es, h. wealth,
rid'icule, v. to laugh at.
right'eous, a. just, honest,
ri'gid, a. stiff, cruel, severe,
rig'orous, a. harsh.
Ri'ot, n. an uproar,
ri'otous, a. wanton, turbulent.
risk, n. hazard,
ri'val, v. to emulate, to excel,
roam, v, to wander,
robust', v. strong, vigorous,
roman'tic, a. wild, fanciful,
rota'tion, n. succession,
rough, a. rugged, harsh,
rub'bish, n. ruins,
rude'ness, n. incivility.
ru'diments,n. first principles,
ri'minate, v. to think over,
ru'mour, n. flying report,
ru'ral, a. of the country.
Sac'rifice, n. an offering,
sad'ness, n. sorrow,
safe'guard, n. a defence.
saga'cious,«. of quick thought,
sal'ary, n. hire, wages,
sali'va, n. spittle,
salva'tion, n. safety,
salu'brious, a. healthful,
sal'utary, a. wholesome,
salute', v. to greet, to kiss,
sanc'tify, v. to make holy,
sinc'tion, n. approval,
sanc'tity, n. holiness,
san'guinary, a. cruel, bloody,
san'guine, a. red ; ardent,
warm,
san'ity, n. soundness,
sa'pient, a. wise, sage,
sarcas'tic, a. severe, keen,
sa'tiate, v. to glut, to fill.
sat'isfy, v. to content,
sat'urate, v. to fill full.
sav'age, a. cruel, wild,
sau'cy, a. pert, insolent,
sa'vout, n. scent, odour.
SEQ
156
SLU
Scan'dal, n. infamy,
scan'dalous, a. shameful,
scarce, a. rare, uncommon.
sc£nt, n. smell,
scep'tre, n. ensign of royalty,
scheme, n. project, plan,
schism, n. separation,
sci'ence, n. knowledge, skill,
scorn'ful, a. insolent,
scourge, v. to lash, chastise,
scream, v. to cry out.
screen, v. to shelter,
scribe, n. a writer,
scrip'ture, n. a writing,
scrii'ple, n. doubt,
scru'pulous, a. cautious,
scru'tiny, ??. search, inquiry,
sculp'ture, n. carved work,
scur'rilous, a. abusive, low.
scythe, n. for mowing,
secrete', r. to hide,
secii'rity,??. safety, protection,
sedate', a. calm, serene,
sed'entary, a. sitting, inactive,
sedi'tion, n. tumult,
seduce', v. to draw aside,
sed'ulous, a. assiduous,
seem'ly, a. decent, fit.
seize, v. to take by force,
select', v. to choose out.
semicircle, n. half a circle.
sem'inary, n. a school,
sen'ate, n. an assembly,
se'nior, a. older,
sensa'tion, n. perception,
sen'sible, a. judicious,
sen'sual, a. carnal,
sen'tient, a. perceiving,
sen'timent, n. thought,
sen'tinel, n. a guard,
sep'ulchre, n. a grave,
se'quel, n. conclusion.
Serene', a. calm, placid,
se'rious, a. solemn, grave,
ser'mon, n. a discourse,
ser'vile, a. slavish, mean,
ses'sion, n. act of sitting,
sev'er, v. to force asunder,
sev'eral, a. distinct,
severe, a. sharp, rigorous,
sex'ton, n. a grave-digger,
shaggy, a. hairy, rough,
shel'ter, v. to protect,
shield, v. to defend,
shoal, a. shallow,
show'er, n. fall of rain,
shrewd, a. artful, sly.
shriek, v. to scream,
shrill, a. a piercing sound,
shrink, v. to contract,
sig'nal, «. eminent,
sig'nature, n. name, mark,
significant, a. important,
sim'ilar, a. like, resembling,
sim'mer, v. to boil gently,
sjmpli'city, n. plainness,
sincere', a. honest, uncorrupt.
sin'ew, n. a tendon,
sin'ister, a. unfair, selfish,
sin'uous, a. winding,
situa'tion, n. local position,
skep'tical, a. doubtful,
skilful, a. knowing,
skit'tish, a. sly, fickle,
skreen, v. to riddle,
slan'der, v. to censure falsely.
sla/very, n. servitude,
slaughter, v. to slay, to kill,
sla'vish, a. servile, mean,
slight, v. to disregard,
sloth'ful, a. lazy,
slov'enly, a. negligent,
slough, n. a deep miry place,
slug'gish, a. indolent.
SPR
157
SUB
Sluice, 71. a floodgate,
snare, v. to entrap,
sobri'ety, n. gravity,
so'ciable, a. friendly,
soci'ety, n. company,
sojourn', v. to dwell,
solar, a. of the sun.
sol'dier, n. a warrior,
soremn, a. grave, serious,
solem'nity, n. gravity,
soll'cit, v. to entreat,
solid'ity, n. firmness,
solitary, a. alone, single,
solitude, n. lonely life,
sol'vent, a. able to pay.
sono'rous, a. loud sounding,
soothe, v. to calm, to soften,
sophistry, n. false argument,
soporific, a. causing sleep,
sor'did, a. covetous, mean,
sor'row, n. grief, mourning,
sove'reign, n. supreme lord,
source, n. origin, head,
spa'eious, a. wide, roomy,
spawn, n. eggs of fish,
spe'cial, a. particular,
spe'cies, n. class, kind, sort,
spe'cimen, n. a sample,
spe'cious, a. showy,
spectator, n. a looker-on.
spee'dy, a. swift, quick,
sphere, n. a globe,
spi'nous, a. thorny,
spi'ral, a. curved, winding,
spite'ful, a. malicious,
splen'did, a. showy,
spoil, v. to rob, to deface,
sponta'neous, a. voluntary,
sportive, a. gay, merry.
spouse, n. husband or wife,
spray, n. foam of the sea.
sprightly, a, brisk, lively.
Spruce, a. neat, trim.
spu'rious, a. counterfeit.
squil'id, a. foul, filthy.
stability, n. steadiness.
sta'ble, a. firm, steady, fixed.
stug'nant, a. still.
stale, a. old, long kept.
stam'mer, v. to hesitate.
stationary, «. fixed.
stat'ue, n. an image.
stat'ute, 7i. a law.
stead'fast, a. firm, constant.
steam, n. vapour.
stench, n. stink, bad smell.
stenography, n. short-hand.
sterile, a. barren, unfruitful.
stig'matize, v. to disgrace.
stim'ulate, v. to excite.
| stin'gy, a. niggardly.
| stip'ulate, v. to contract.
I strat'agem, n. an artifice.
! strength, n. force, vigour.
| stren'uous, a. active, zealous.
j strict, a. exact, severe.
j stub'born, a. obstinate.
stu'dent, n. a scholar.
stupidity, n, dulness.
stupendous, a. amazing.
style, n. manner of writing.
subdue', v. to conquer.
sublime', a. high, lofty.
sublunary, a. earthly.
submission, n. obedience.
submissive, a. humble.
subsequent, a. following.
subsistence, n. support.
substantial, a. real, solid.
substitute, n. one for another.
sub'terfuge, n. a shift, trick.
subterra'neous, a. under the
ground.
subtle, a. cunning, artful.
sus
158
TEP
Subvert', v. to overturn, to
destroy.
successful, a. prosperous.
succes'sion, n. in order, line-
age.
succinct', a. concise, brief.
suc'cour, n. help.
sudorific, a. causing sweat.
sufTi'cient, a. enough, equal
to.
suffrage, n. a vote, voice.
suffuse', v. to blush.
suggest', v. to hint.
sol'len, a. obstinate, selfish.
silm'mary, a. short, brief.
sump'tuous, a. costly.
snn'dry, a. several.
superb', a. grand, pompous.
supercil'ious, a. haughty.
superficial, a. shallow ; out-
side.
superfluity, n. more than
enough.
supe'rior, a. higher.
superlative, a. highest degree.
superscribe', v. to write on
the outside.
supersti'tion, n. notion.
supervise', v. to oversee.
supplica'tion, n. petition.
suppress', v. to crush.
supreme, a. highest.
sure'ty, n. safety.
surface, ?i. the outside.
surpass', v. to excel.
surprise', v. to take unawares.
surren'der, v. to give up.
surrepti'tious, a. by stealth.
survey', v. to overlook, to
measure.
suscep'tible, a. admitting.
suspend', v. to hang; to delay.
Suspension, n. cessation, de-
lay,
sus'tenance, n. support, food,
swar'thy, a. tawny, dusky,
swell, v. to grow larger,
swerve, v. to turn aside,
swoon, v. to faint,
syc'ophant, n. a flatterer,
sym'metry, n. proportion,
sym'pathy, n. fellow-feeling,
symp'tom, n. sign, token,
synop'sis, n. a general view,
sys'tem, n. theory ; method.
Ta'cit, a. silent, implied.
taint, v. to infect.
tal'on, n. a bird's claw.
tan'gent, a. touching.
tan'gible, a. that may be
touched.
tantamount, a. equivalent.
tar'dy, a. slow, dilatory.
taunt, v. to insult, to revile.
tautol'ogy, n. repetition.
tech'nical,a. belonging to arts.
te'dious, a. wearisome.
temer'ity, n. rashness.
tem'perance, 77. moderation.
tem'porary, a. for a short
time.
tempta'tion, n. enticement.
ten'able, a. that may be held.
tena'cious, a. holding fast.
ten'dency, n. course, direc-
tion.
ten'der, a. soft, gentle.
ten'don, n. a sinew.
ten'dril, n. clasp of a vine.
ten'or, n. purport.
ten'wous, a. thin, small.
tep'id, a. lukewarm.
TRA
159
VEH
Ter'minate, v. to limit, end.
terres' trial, a. earthly,
ter'rible, a. dreadful,
territory, n. district, land,
ter'ror, n. great fear,
testa'ceous, a. shelly.
tes'tify, v. to bear witness,
testimony, n. evidence.
tex'ture, n. a web.
thank'ful, a. grateful,
the'ory, n. plan, system,
tho'rax, n. the breast,
thwart, v. to cross, to vex.
ti'dings, n. news, message,
tillage, n. farming,
tim'orous, a. fearful,
tinc'ture, n. colour; infusion,
tithe, n. tenth part,
toil'et, n. dressing-table,
toil'some, a. laborious,
to'ken, n. sign, mark,
tol'erate, v. to allow,
tor'ment, n. pain, misery,
tor'pid, a. numb, inactive,
tor'rid, a. parched, burning,
tor'ture, n. pain, anguish,
to'tal, a. all, whole.
touch'y» a ' peevish,
trac'table, ft. manageable,
tradi'tion, n. account given,
traduce', v. to slander,
traffic, n. trade, commerce,
train, v. to educate,
tran'quil, a. peaceful, calm,
transcend', v. to surpass, to
excel,
transcend'ent, a. excellent,
transfer', v. to convey over.
transform ' , v . to change shape .
transgress', v. to violate,
tran'sient, a. soon past,
transi'tion, n. change.
Transparent, a. clear,
transposition, n. the act of
changing,
trav'erse, v. to wander over,
treach'erous, a. faithless,
trcas'ure, n. wealth laid up.
trea'tise, ft. a discourse,
tremen'dous, a. dreadful,
trem'ulous, a. shaking,
tribula'tion, n. vexation,
trien'nial, a. for three years,
triv'ial, a. worthless, trifling,
tri'umph, n. joy for success,
tu 'mult, n. noise, riot,
tur'bid, a. thick, muddy,
tur'bulent, a. noisy,
tur'gid, a. swelling,
twain, a. two.
tvvin'kle, v. to sparkle,
type, n. a figure, emblem,
tyr'anny, n. severity.
u.v.
Va'cancy, n. empty space,
vaca'tion, n. leisure. •
vac'uum, n. a void,
va'grant, a. wandering,
vague, a. unsettled,
val'iant, a. brave, stout,
validity, n. value; certainty,
val'uable, a. of much worth,
van'ish, v. to disappear,
van'ity, n. vain pursuit, folly,
van'quish, v. to conquer,
vap'id, a. dead, spiritless,
va'riable, a. changeable,
vari'ety, n. change,
va'rious, a. diiferent.
vas'salage, n. slavery,
vault, n. a cave,
ve'getable, a. of plants,
ve'hemence, n. violence.
UND
160
VUL
Ve'hicle, n. a carriage.
velo'city, n. swiftness, speed.
ven'omous, a. poisonous.
ven'lilate, v. to give vent, to
fan.
vera'city, n. truth, exactness.
verba'tim, ad. word for word.
ver'durc, n. greenness.
verge, n. edge, border, limit.
veVily, ad. in truth.
vermic'ular, a. like a worm.
vernac'ular, a. native.
versatile, a. changeable.
ver'tigo, ??. giddiness.
veVtige, )i. footstep, trace.
vexa'tious, a. afflictive.
vi'brate, v. to move to and fro.
vicin'ity, >?. neighbourhood.
vic'tory, n. conquest.
vicis'situde, n. change.
vi'gilant, a. watchful.
vig'our, n. force, strength.
vindication, n. defence.
vi'olence, n. force, outrage.
vir'tuous, a. chaste, good.
vir'ulent, a. malignant.
vis'cid, a. tough, ropy.
vis'ible, a. apparent, open.
vis'ionary, a. fanciful.
vit'reous, a. glassy.
vitupera'tion, n. blame, cen-
sure.
viva'cious,cr. sprightly, lively.
uT^er, n. a running sore.
ul'timate, a. the very last.
um'brafre, n. offence: sha-
dow.
unanim'ity, n. agreement.
uneer'tain, a. doubtful.
uncouth', a. rough, odd.
inc'tion, n. an ointment.
undaunted, a. bold, fearless.
Un'dulate, v. to roll as a
wave.
unequiv'ocal, a. plain.
unexhaust'ed, a. not spent.
unfaith'ful, a. disobedient.
unfeign'ed, a. sincere.
unfruitful, a. not fertile.
ungen'erous, a. mean.
ungodly, a. wicked.
ungrateful, a. unthankful.
u'niform, a. alike, similar.
unite', v. to join, to agree.
univer'sal, a. general.
unmer'ciful, a. cruel.
unmer'ited, a. not deserved.
unrelenting, a. hard-hearted.
unright'eous, a. unjust.
unsavoury, a. tasteless.
unseasonable, a. untimely.
unsta'ble, a. unsteady.
unwa'ry, a. wanting caution.
unwieldy, a. heavy, bulky.
vocab'ulary, a. a list of words.
voea'tion, n. trade or calling.
vociferous, a. noisy.
vol'atile, a. lively, flying.
voli'tion, n. act of willing.
volubil'ity, n. fluency.
vol'untary, a. of free choice.
volup'tuous,a. excess of plea-
sure.
vora'cious, a. greedy.
vouchsafe, v. to grant.
upbraid, v. to chide.
urban'ity, n. civility.
ur'gent, a. pressing.
ush'er, n. an under-teacher.
utility, n. usefulness.
ut'terly,«rf. fully, completely.
vul'gar, a. common, mean.
vulnerable, a. liable to be
hurt.
WOR 161 ZON
1 W.
wor'thy, a. deserving.
Waft, v. to carry.
wran'gle, v. to quarrel.
wag'gish, a. mischievous.
wreathe, v. to curl, to twist.
wail, v. to lament, to grieve.
wres'tle, v. to struggle.
waive, v. to put off.
wretch 'ed, a. miserable.
wan'der, v. to rove, to go
wring, v. to twist.
astray.
wrong'ful, a. injurious.
wan'ton, a. rude, forward.
wry, a. crooked, distorted.
war'fare, n. military life.
way'farer, n. a traveller.
Y.
w£alth'y, a. rich, opulent.
Yawn, v. to gape, to open.
wea'risome, a. tedious.
yearly, a. every year.
wedlock, n. marriage.
yeo'man, n. a farmer.
wel'fare, n. happiness, health.
yield, v. to give up.
whlm'sical, a. full of notions.
youth'ful, a. young.
whis'per, n. a low voice.
whole'some, a. salutary.
z.
wil'derness, n. a desert.
Zeal, n. ardour.
wish'ful, a. desirous.
zeaPous, a. full of zeal.
with'er, v. to fade away.
ze'nith, n. point overhead.
wit'ness, n. testimony.
zeph'yr, n. the west wind.
won'derful, a. strange.
zest, n. relish.
wor'ship, n. reverence, re-
zig-zag, a. having short turns.
spect.
z6ne. n. a girdle.
':■■>'*?/ •:*&&- J?
-^
14*
162
Of the Pauses and Murks used in Writing.
Q. What is the use of a comma? Q 3 ]
A. It is to stop the reader's voice the time of pronounc-
ing one syllable.
Q. What is the use of a semicolon ? [[$ ~]
A. To stop the voice the time of pronouncing two syl-
lables.
Q. What is the use of a colon ? [ : ]
A. Tq stop the voice the time of pronouncing four syl-
lables.
Q. What is the use of a period ? [ . ]
A. To stop the voice the time of pronouncing six syllables.
Q. What is the use of a note of interrogation ? [ ? ]
A. It shows that a question is asked, and the end of the
sentence preceding it should be read with a raised tone of
voice, except when a question is asked by who, which, what,
how, why, when, where, wherefore, which sentences should
be read with a depression of the voice at the end of them.
Q. What is the use of a note of exclamation ? [!]
A. It is a mark of wonder, surprise, or admiration. The
reader's voice should stop as long at an exclamation and
interrogation as at a colon.
Q. What is the use of a hyphen ? [_ m ~]
A. It is used in connecting compound words, as inkstand.
It is also used when a word is divided, and the former part
of the word is written at the end of one line, and the latter
part of it, at the beginning of another. In this case, it
should always be placed at the end of the first line.
Q. What is the use of a parenthesis ? j" ( ) ]
A. It includes something explanatory : which, if omitted,
would not obscure the sense. The words included in a
parenthesis, should be read with a weaker tone of voice
than the rest of the sentence.
Q. What is the use of an apostrophe ? [ ' ]
A. It is used to show the possessive case,* as a man's
property. It is likewise used to show that some letter or
letters are omitted, as play'd for played, 'tis for it is, :
CONTAINING
A LARGE PROPORTION OF EXAMPLES IN FEDERAL MONEY, JN
EACH RULE THROUGHOUT THE WORK.
BY TITUS BENNETT.
TO WHICH IS ANNEXED
A Course of Book-keeping, by Single Entry.
THE UN T TED STATES SPEAKER:
tfSlSTMTG OF
A CHOICE COLLECTION OF PIECES,
\ Narrative, Didactic, Descriptive, Patlrtic, fyc.,from th j
best authors.
Selected with a view to suppW the young student in elocution with a
number of exercises for improvement in the important art.) of reading
and speaking. Compiled by Thomas T. Smiley.
COBB'S JUVENILE READER, No. 1 ; containing interest-
ing, moral, and instructive Reading Lessons, composed of easy words
of one ami two syllables; designed for the use of small children in
families and school?.
COBB'S JUVENILE READER, No. 2; containing interest-
ing, moral, and irisu uctive Reading Lessons, composed of words of one,
two, and three syllables ; designed, in connexion with No. 1, to accom-
pany the Spelling-Book.
COBB'S JUVENILE- READER, No. 3; containing interest
ing, historical, moral, and instructive Reading Lessons, composed o
words of a greater number of syllables than the lessons in Nob. 1 anc
2 ; and a greater variety of com osition, both in prose and poetry.
COBB'S SEQUEL TO THE JUVENILE READERS;
comprising a selection of Lessons in Prose and Poetry, from highly
esteemed American and English writers. Designed for the use of
higher classes in Schools and Academies.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
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