Class Book. li T.J^'tr puLT. ij'.f.o EJDW^iMD) (CATEo FiRiB-' ITE] ,5^r^ z/7 Jc^ searching into the recesses of their minds, and finding out what they were fit for; and a liberality of sentiment and action, which, under proper restrictions, inclined him not only to encourage genius and merit, but to esteem and even to venerate the possessors of those qualities as often as he met with them : it cannot, there- fore, be supposed but that he entertained a high regard for such a man as Johnson, and, having had a long experience of his abilities and integrity, that he had improved this disposition into friendship. Johnson, on his part, sought for other qualities in those with whom he meant to form connexions. Had he deter- mined to make only those his friends whose endowments were equal to his own, his life would have been that of a Carthusian. He was therefore more solicitous to contract friendships with men of probity and integrity, and endued with good moral qua- lities, than with those whose intellectual powers, or literary at- tainments, were the most conspicuous parr of their character ; and of the former. Cave had a share, sufiicient to justify his choice. On this mutual regard for each other, as on a solid basis, rested the friendship between Johnson and Cave. It was therefore with a degree of sorrow proportioned to his feelings towards his friends, which were ever tender, that Johnson re- flected on the loss he had to sustain, and became the narrator of the most important incidents of his life. In the account which he has given of his death, it will be readil}^ believed that what he had related respecting the constancy of his friendship, is true, and that when, as the last act of reason, he fondly pressed the hand that was afterwards employed in r£Cording his memory, his aflPection was sincere." The following brief notices of the early Friends and Corre- spondents of Mr. Cave are given by Sir John Hawkins, who was himself an Honorary Member of that Literary Fraternity : " Rev. Moses Browne, originally a pen-cutter, was, so far as concerned the poetical part of it, the chief support of the Ma- gazine, which he fed with many a nourishing morsel. This per- son, being a lover of Angling, wrote Piscatory Eclogues ; and was a candidate for the fifty-pound prize mentioned in John- son's first letter to Cave, and for other prizes which Cave en- gaged to pay him who should write the best Poem on certain subjects ; in all or most of which competitions Mr. Browne had the good fortune to succeed. He published these and other Poems of his writing in an octavo volume, London, 1739 ; and has therein given proofs of an exuberant fancy and a happy in- vention. Some years after, he entered into holy orders. A far- ther account of him may be seen in the Biographia Drama- lii PREFACE. tica, to a place in which work he seems to have acquired a title by some juvenile compositions for the Stage. Being a person of a religious turn, he also published in verse a series of devout contemplations, called Sunday Thoughts, Johnson, who often expressed his dislike of Religious Poetry, and who, for the purpose of Religious meditation, seemed to think one day as proper as another, read them with cold approbation, and said, he had a great mind to write and publish Monday Thoughts, — - To the proofs above adduced of the coarseness of Cave's man- ners, let me add the following : he had undertaken, at his own risk, to publish a Translation of Du Halde's History of China, in which were contained sundry geographical and other plates. Each of these he inscribed to one or other of his friends ; and, among the rest, one to Moses Browne. With this blunt and fa- miliar designation of his person, Mr. Browne was justly offended. To appease him. Cave directed an engraver, to introduce with a caret under the line Mr. ; and thought, that in so doing, he hadmadeample amends to Mr. Browne for the indignity done him. " Mr. John Duick^ also a pen-cutter, and a near neighbour of Cave, was a frequent contributor to the Magazine, of short poems, written with spirit and ease. He was a kinsman of Browne, and author of a good copy of encomiastic verses pre- fixed to the collection of Browne's Poems above mentioned. ** Mr. Foster Webb, a young man who had received his edu- cation in Mr. Watkins's academy in Spital-square, and after- wards became clerk to a merchant in the city, was at first a contributor to the Magazine, of Enigmas, a species of poetry in which he then delighted, but was dissuaded from it by the following lines, which appeared in the Magazine for October 1740, after a few successful essays in that kind of writing : * Too modest Bard, with enigmatic veil No longer let thy Muse her charms conceal ; Though oft the Sun in clouds his face disguise. Still he looks nobler when he gilds the skies. Do thou, like him, avow thy native flame. Burst through the gloom, and brighten into fame.' ** After this friendly exhortation, Mr. Webb, in those hours of leisure which business afi^orded, amused himself with trans- lating from the Latin Classics, particularly Ovid and Horace : from the latter of these he rendered into English verse, with bet- ter success than any that had before attempted it, the Odes, " Q,uis multa gracilis te, puer, in rosa ;" " Solvitur in acris hyems grata vice veris, et Favoni ;" " Parens Deorum cultor et infre- quens ;" and " Diffugere nives, redeunt jam gramina campis ;" all which are inserted in Cave's Magazine. His signature was sometimes Telarius, at others Vedastus, He was a modest, in- PREFACE. liif genious, and sober young man ; but a consumption defeated the hopes of his friends, and took him off in the twenty-second year of his age. ^*My. John S7?iifk, another of Mr. Watkins's pupils, was a writer in the Magazine, of prose essays, chiefly on religious and moral subjects, and died of a decline about the same time. " Mr. Joh7i Canto7i, apprenticed to the above-named Mr. Wat- kins, and also his successor in his academy, was a contributor to the Magazine, of verses, and afterwards, of papers on philosophi- cal and mathematical subjects. The discoveries he made in Elec- tricity and Magnetism are well kno\^, and are recorded in the Transactions of the Royal Society, of which he afterwards be- came a member. "Rev. William Rider, bred in the same prolific seminary, was a writer in the Magazine, of verses signed Philargj/rus. He went from school to Jesus College, Oxford, and, some years after his leaving the same, entered into holy orders, and became sur-mas- ter of St. PauPs school, in which office he continued many years, but at length was obliged to quit this employment by reason of his deafness. [This industrious Divine was also Lecturer of St. Vedast, Foster Lane, Curate of St. Faith's, and was the author of a "History of England to the year 1763 inclusive," in fifty pocket volumes; a " Commentary on the Bible ;" an "English Dictionary;" and other works. He died March 30, 1785.] " Mr. Adajn Calamy, son of Dr: Edmund Calamy, an eminent Non-conformist Divine, and author of the Abridgement of Mr. Baxter's History of his Life and Times, was another of Mr. Wat- kins's pupils, that wrote in the Magazine ; the subjects on which he chiefly exercised his pen were essays in polemical theology and republican politics ; and he distinguished them by the as- sumed signature of A consistent Protestant. He was bred to the profession of an attorney, and was brother to Mr. Edmund Ca- lamy, a Dissenting teacher, of eminence for his worth and learning. "A seminary, of a higher order than that above mentioned, viz. the academy oi John Fames m Moor-fields, furnished the Magazine with a number of other Correspondents in mathema- tics and other branches of science and polite literature. This was an institution supported by the Dissenters, the design whereof was to qualify young men for their Ministry. Mr. Fames was formerly the Continuator of the Abridgement of the Philoso- phical Transactions begun by Jones and Lowthorp, and was a man of great knowledge, and a very able tutor. Under him were bred many young men who afterwards became eminently distinguished for learning and abilities ; among them were the late Mr. Parry, of Cirencester, the late Dr. Furneaux, and Dr. Gibbons ; and, if I mistake not, Dr. Price. The pupils of this Uv PREFACE. academy had heads that teemed with knowledge, which, as fast as they acquired it, they were prompted by a juvenile and laud- able ambition to communicate in letters to Mr. Urban. " The Rev. Samuel Peg ge [then resident in Kent], who, by an ingenious transposition of the letters of his name, formed the plausible signature oiPaul Gemsegey [After his removal into Der- byshire, he signed T. Row, the initials of *The Rector Of Whit- tington.' — This venerable Antiquary commenced his Correspond- ence with Mr. Cave in 1746, and continued it with his succes- sors till 1795. He died Feb. 14, 1796, at the advanced age of 92.] To this account of Cave's Correspondents Sir John Hawkins adds the names of Dr. Akenside ; Mr. Luck, of Barnstaple in De- vonshire; Mr. Henri/ Price, of Pool in Dorsetshire; Mr. Richard Yate, of Chively in Shropshire ; Mr. JoJm Rancks ; and that industrious and prolific genius, M.Y. John Lockman, To this list should also be added the unhappy Richard Savage ; and the ingenious but unfortunate Samuel Royse, of whom the fol- lowing melancholy particulars were related to the present Writer by Dr. Johnson, not long before his own death. " By addicting himself to low vices, among which were glut- tony and extravagance, Boyse rendered himself so contempt- ible and wretched, that he frequently was without the least sub- sistence for days together. After squandering away in a dirty manner any money which he acquired, he has been known to pawn all his apparel. Dr. Johnson once collected a sum of mo- ney to redeem his cloaths, which in two days after were pawned again. *'This," said the Doctor, " was when my acquaintances were few, and most of them as poor as myself. The money was collected by shillings." In that state he was frequently confined to his bed, sitting up with his arms through holes in a blanket, writing verses in order to procure the means of existence. It seems hardly credible, but it is certainly true, that he was more than once in that deplorable situation, and to the end of his life never derived any advantage from the experience of his past suf- ferings. Mr. Boyse translated well from the French ; but, if any one employed him, by the time one sheet of the work was done, he pawned the original. If the employer redeemed it, a second sheet would be completed, and the book again be pawned ; and this perpetually. He had very little learning ; but wrote verse with great facility, as fast as most would write prose. He was constantly employed by Mr. Cave, who paid him by the hundred lines, which, after a while, his employer wanted to make what is called the long hundred. — A late Collector of Poems (Mr. Giles) says, he was informed by Mr. Sandby the Bookseller, that this unhappy man at last was found dead in bed, with a pen in his hand, and in the act of writing, in the same manner as above described. This circumstance Dr. Johnson assured me was n«t PREFACE. Iv true; it being supposed that, in a fit of intoxication, he was run over by a coach ; at least, he was brought home in such a condition as to make this probable, but too far gone to give any account of the accident." Of Mr. Boyse's principal Poem, intituled, " The Deit}^," an account was sent to the Magazine; and although not inserted, it was probably the means of Boyse's first introduction to Cave, from whom he obtained some supplies for writing and translat- ing in that Miscellany between the years 1741 and 1743. The usual signature for his Poems was either Y. or Alc^us. When in a spunging-house in Gro^ers'-alley, in the Poultry, he wrote the following Letter to Cave, which was communicated by the late Mr. Astle to the late Dr. Kippis. ^* Inscription for St. Lazarus' Cave. " Hodie, teste ccelo summo. Sine panno, sine nummo, Sorte positus infeste, Scribo tibi dolens mceste : Fame, bile tumet jecur, Urbane, mitte opem, precor ; Tibi enim cor humanum Non a malis alien um : Mihi mens nee male grata, Pro a te favore data. Ex gehenna debitoria, Alc^us." vulgo domo spongiatorid. " Sir, I wrote you yesterday an account of my unhappy case. I am every moment threatened to be turned out here, because I have not money to pay for my bed two nights past, which is usually paid before-hand, and I am loth to go into the Compter, till I can see if my affair can possibly be made up : I hope, therefore, you will have the humanity to send me half a guinea for support, till I finish your papers in my hands. — The Ode to the British Nation * I hope to have done to-day, and want a proof copy of that part of Stowet you design for the pre- sent Magazine, that it may be improved as far as possible from your assistance. Your papers are but ill transcribed. I agree with you respecting St. Augustine's Cave. I humbly entreat your answer, having not tasted any thing since Tuesday evening I came here ; and my coat will be taken off my back for the * The Ode on the British Nation, mentioned here, is a Translation from Van Haren, a Dutch Poet, from whose works he translated some other passages. f The '' part of Stowe" was a part of his Poem on Lord Cobham's Gardens. Ivi PREFACE. charge of the bed, so that I must go into prison naked, which is too shocking for me to think of. I am, with sincere regard, Sir, Your unfortunate humble servant,' S, BoYSE." Crown Coffee-house, Grocers- alley, Poultry, July 21, 1742. ** I send Mr. Van Haren's Ode on Britain. "To Mr. Cave, at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell. " July 21, 1742. Received from Mr. Cave the sum of half a guinea, by me, in confinement. S. Boyse." The greater number of the Poems which Boyse wrote for the Gentleman's Magazine during the years above mentioned, are re-printed in Mr. Alexander Chalmers's late Edition of the Eng- lish Poets ; but all his fugitive pieces were not written for the Magazine, some of them having been composed long before he had formed a connexion with Cave, and, as there is reason to believe, were sent in manuscript to such persons as were likely to make him a pecuniary return. Mr. Boyse died in May 1749. In 1754 a new sera in the publication of the Magazine com- menced, under the immediate guidance of Mr. David Henry, an ingenious young Printer, who in 1736 had married Mary, the Sister of Edward Cave ; and by him, in conjunction with Mr. Richard Cave, a Nephew of the original' Projector, the Maga- zine was jointly edited, printed, and published, at St. John's Gate. The new Firm continued to receive the countenance, and occa- sionally the assistance, of Johnson, and of many other of their Uncle's Literary Friends, to which were soon added the names of many new and highly-respectable Correspondents. Among these were some eminent Physicians ; particularly the well-known Sir John Hill; and the not less celebrated Dr. James, whose memory Dr. Johnson so handsomely eulogizes, as " having lengthened life," and who was the inventor of the matchless Fever-Powders that still bear his name. Mr. Christopher Smart was also a Contributor ; as was Mr. Ephraim Chambers ; and their mutual friend Mr. John Newbery, the truly-philanthropic projector of entertaining little books for the Juvenile Students, and who purchased a small share in the property of the Magazine, which still remains in his Family. Many other names might be added ; but it may be sufficient to mention Dr. John Hawkesworth, who wrote the Epitaph printed in p. xlix ; and who, in April 1765, superadded to the monthly list of books, which had been regularly given, at first his own concise, but valuable critical remarks, and afterwards a regular Review. In 1757 the Friends to the Magazine were thus addressed : *' To our Correspondents we impute our superiority, not only PREFACE. Ivii with pleasure, but with pride ; for we are more flattered by the contributions which we receive from others, than we could be by any success that might attend what was our own." This language, after an interval of more than sixty years, is equally applicable to the Magazine at the present day. In th^ Preface to the year 1761 is given an Epitome of the Contents contained in each Number of that Volume ; which was continued through twenty-three Volumes, with the excep- tion of the years 1774 and 1777 ; in the former of which is an interesting account of the rise of Humane Societies for the Reco- very of Persons apparently drowned. Mr. Richard Cave* died in December 1766; and in 1767 the name of Francis Newbery (Nephew of the before-mentioned' Mr. John Newbery) appeared in the title-page f- On the death of Richard Cave, Mr. Henry relinquished the actual profession of a Printer ; and employed, as his agent at St. John's Gate, Mr. David Bond, who was so con- tinued till the end of 1778 — when, a considerable share of the Proprietorship having been purchased by the Writer of this Preface, the Magazine was for the next two years printed partly at St. John's Gate, and partly in Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street : but this arrangement having been found inconve- * The following Inscription, on a flat stone in the old church of St. James Clerkenwell, was written by Mr. Cave's worthy Friend and Partner David Henry, whose laudable exertions long supported and increased the original credit of what Mr. Burke styled ** one of the most chaste and valuable Miscellanies of the age." " Sacred to the memory ' of Richard and Sarah Cave, late of St. John's Gate. He died December S, 1766; she, December 1776^ ** Reader, if native worth may claim a tear. Or the sad tale of death affect thy ear. Heave from thy breast one sympathising sigh, Since here such fair examples mouldering lie. Here lies a pair, whom Honesty approv'd. In death lamented, and in life belov'd ; Who never meant a neighbour to offend ; Who never made a Foe, nor lost a Friend ; Whose only strife was who should act the best ; Whose only hope to rise among the blest. ** In grateful remembrance of their many virtues and parental tender- ness, their only daughter has caused this small tribute to be erected to the memory of her dear Parents." Miss Mary Cave, the daughter above mentioned, an amiable and worthy woman, of elegant manners, died in June 1811. t Where it continued till his death in 178O. From that period till 1800 the Magazine was regularly published by his Widow, Mrs. Elizabeth Newbery; and since her relinquishing business, at the close of the Eighteenth Century, by the present respectable Bookseller, Mr. John Harris; with the addition, in 18 19, of his Son. VOL. III. h Iviii PREFACE. iiient, the printing was in 1781 entirely removed to Cicero's Head * The more important avocations of Dr. Havvkesworth (who had been elected an East India Director, and who was afterwards appointed by the Admiralty to be the Editor of Captain Cook's Voyages) having engrosed his whole attention ; the department of the Review of Books in the Magazine was readily undertaken, and for several years very creditably performed, by the Rev. John Duncombe, a Gentleman of great literary reputation, and highly estimable in every relation of life. Mr. Duncombe was also a valuable and regular Correspondent, both in the Mis- cellaneous and Poetical Departments; and furnished many of the introductory Prefaces, particularly that of 1780, from which, as peculiarly adapted to the present subject, an extract is given : " Half a century, a large proportion of the life of man, having now elapsed since we first engaged in the pleasing but arduous task of instructing and amusing, we think it expedient, for the convenience of our numerous readers, in some measure to com- plete this part of our Work, by subjoining a General Index to the last Thirty f, as has been done to the first Twenty Volumes ; but, as this will be a work of much labour, and will require great care and accuracy, our Readers cannot expect it to be hastily exe- cuted. Those who have complete Sets may then easily refer to any former volume, and those who chuse to begin de novo may consider the Gentleman's Magazine for January 1781, as the commencement of a new Work, which in due time will be closed in the same manner, with this material advantage over every new compilation, and indeed overall our Competitors, that our long- established reputation has procured us so many Friends and Cor- respondents in all parts of the British Dominions, that we have often reason to say, with the fanciful Poet of Sulmo, Inopes nos copia fecit, we are often at a loss what to adopt, and what to reject ; and, in general, instead of extracting honey, as at first, from the fugitive flowers and blossoms of the month, or poison (as is the manner of some) from the baneful hemlock of the day, have little more merit than the industrious Husbandman or Gardener, who sows good seed in his ground, and clears it from weeds and vermin. Our Biographical Memoirs have been generally es- teemed, and frequently copied. Our Antiquarian Researches have received a very flattering commendation ; and many other eulogiums might be mentioned that do us equal honour. But for the importance of the subjects discussed, we shall refer (as usual) * Where the Magazine continued regularly to be printed till March 1820 j when, for the convenience of printing the Votes of the House of Commons more expeditiously, the extensive Establishment of " Nichols'and Son, " as Printers and Booksellers, was removed to No. 25, Parliament Street, Westminster, t This was postponed till the ** Thirty '' became " Thirty-six.'' PREFACE. Ux to the principal contents of each month ; and shall conclude with observing-, that, instead of relaxing in our speed, the encourage- raent which we receive and gratefully acknowledge, and the ri- valry which our success has excited, shall only quicken our en- deavours to deserve the one, and to counteract the other." From the extensive literary connexions of the present Editor, the Correspondence with Mr. Urban so considerably increased, that a more ample field of action soon became indispensable, which at the end of 1732 was thus announced. ** The Gentleman's Magazine is so well known, and the con- duct of it so generally approved, that room only is wanting to render our plan complete. We have the pleasing satisfaction to receive commendations from every quarter, with requests to enlarge our limits for the admission of favours, which the Vir- tuous and the Learned most liberally communicate, and which we with pain most unwillingly suppress. " Our Readers, we believe, will do us the justice to acknow- ledge, that no means have been left unattempted to make room for variety, nor a line left void that could be usefully filled. The chief complaints of our purchasers are the.smallness of the type, and the compression of the subjects. *' Among other inconveniences attending our narrow limits, not the least has been the unavoidable procrastination of the Parliamentary Debates. Those of the first Session are completed in the Supplement to the present Volume; the second Session shall be soon closed; and in future we shall be enabled to com- prise the whole within the year to which they immediately belong. *^ The great and important events of 1782 have been so various and diffuse, and have crowded upon us so copiously and rapidly, that, though we collected them with care, we were not able to arrange them with precision. Where all could not be admitted, the chain was necessarily broken; nor could it be resumed, as the same cause subsisted the second that obstructed the first ; and thus, month after month, in proportion as matter increased, room diminished, till at length we are overwhelmed with an ac- cumulation of various kinds, which we can no otherwise discharge than by enlarging our limits, and in consequence increasing our price. We may truly say that this is our last resort. Hardly any subject has escaped our retrenching hands; naked argument has been preferred to florid declamation ; bare facts to long de- tails : yet, with all our care, we have not been able to keep within our usual bounds." The new plan commenced in January 1783 ; and at the same time a considerable number of imperfect sets of the Magazine, then remaining at the old warehouse at St. John's Gate (of which, though no longer a Printing-office, Mr. Henry was still the pro- Ix PREFACE. prietor) ; it was determined to re-print a few copies of the early Volumes, and to continue the General Index ; and the following notification was accordingly given. '^ Though the reputation which the Gentleman's Magazine has maintained for more than Fifty Years renders all other re- conimendation unnecessary — yet that it was the first that laid the plan which has been followed by so many imitators ; that it is read and approved wherever the English language is under- stood ; and that the Learned of all nations are occasionally its correspondents, may, we hope, be urged as an additional proof of its intrinsic merit. " The inestimable value of a Periodical Work formed and continued for more than Half a Century, on the plan of the Gentleman's Magazine, if executed with tolerable accuracy, must be obvious to every man, conversant with the world, at first sight. In the wide range of Literature, there is not a subject that the most fertile genius can suggest, but must, in the course of so many years, come before the tribunal of the Publick to be dis- cussed, and consequently furnish materials for such a Work ; nor is there an invention, or a discovery of importance to the improvement of science, or the advantage of mankind, that does not serve to increase the same stock. " In the Work we now offer to the Publick, the original Com- piler is known to have made every thing that was new the first object of his care ; nor have those who succeeded him been less attentive. There has scarcely a new subject been started, a new invention introduced, or a discovery of any kind, either by land or sea, of which a satisfactory account is not to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine. " Nor are these the only materials of which the Compilers have availed themselves. The great controversial subjects, in which the Publick have borne a part, are all to be found impar- tially stated, whether respecting individuals, as Rundle, Hoadly, Canning, Blandy, Dodd, &c. &c. ; or those in which whole bo- dies of men, and even States, have been involved, as Churchmen and Dissenters, Britain and her Colonies, &c. To these may be added the lesser controversies that have arisen concerning the interpretation of doubtful passages in the Sacred Text, of which there is hardly one to be met with in Scripture that has not either been explained or elucidated. The mineral and fossil Kingdoms have likewise contributed largely to enrich this compilation ; and the rare productions which they exhibit, together with the obvious utility of maps, furnished the first hint for embel- lishing and illustrating it with copper-plates. " Other materials are, a profusion of Prescriptions in the Me- dical Art, so liberally interspersed, that there is scarcely a disease or disorder to which the human frame is subject, for which a re- PREFACE, Ixi medy is not to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine 5 in which likewise many of the most celebrated Nostrums are analysed, and the ingredients of which they are compounded laid open for the benefit of the publick. Extraordinary cases in Surgery likewise abound, which are not less interesting to the Faculty in general, than instructive to the young Practitioner. " The rudiments of almost every Science, as deduced from first principles, will also be found so clearly explained, that those who are bent on improvement, either in language or art, need no other tutor. Physics and Metaphysics are occasionally intro- duced ; Mathematical Questions resolved ; and the Phsenomena of Nature, according to the systems of antient and modern times, accounted for, and scientifically demonstrated. " The Antiquary who may purchase these Volumes will find materials sufficient to gratify the amplest curiosity. The Memo- rials of antient Families ; the Antiquities of particular Cities, Churches, and Monasteries ; the Topography of Provinces, Coun- ties, and Parishes; with the Laws, Customs, and Prescriptions peculiar to each, that are interspersed in these Volumes, are innu- merable. Nor will those who read for entertainment only have cause to regret their too scanty allotment. Affecting Narratives, interesting Stories, Novels, Tales, Poetry, and Plays, take up their full proportion of that room in which the whole is necessarily comprized. Add to these the Lives of Eminent Men, the recital of whose illustrious actions, at the same time that it fires the mind to virtuous emulation, cannot but fill it with the most refined plea- sure. Even those who have transmitted their memories with infamy to posterity, and who have rendered themselves notorious for acts of transcendant villainy, are not wholly excluded, but are recorded as examples of atrocious vice, to deter others from like enormities. '* But the materials of greatest National Concern remain still to be noticed. The Parliamentary Proceedings, during those periods in which the Debates in both Houses were carried on with the most spirited opposition, will be found amply recorded, and stated with the strictest regard to truth. By a curious in- spection, the gradations by which the National Debt has risen from the moderate sum of Sixteen Millions (the Debt due at the accession of the present Royal Family of Hanover to the Throne) to the enormous sum of Two Hundred and Twenty Millions, the Debt due at the end of 1782*, may be traced, and all the falla- cious pretences that have from time to time been urged by suc- cessive Ministers to increase it, developed. " The Revolutions that have happened in the Political Sys- tems of Europe, in the coarse of the period included in these Volumes, will be apt to bring to the Reader's mind the uncer- * The present amount of the National Debt (1821) is estimated at 835 millions! Ixii PREFACE. tainty of all human affairs. The Nations whose interests were thought to be inseparable, will be seen warring against each other; while those, on whose opposition the Balance of Power was thought to depend, are now connected in the closest amity ; nay, so strange are the vicissitudes which the short period of Fifty Years has produced, that neither the people on this side the Globe, nor the other, seem actuated or governed by the same political principles. '* Nor will this revolution in Politicks be found much more re- markable than the Revolution that has happened in Religion. From an abhorrence of Popery, which marked the Reigns of the two first Georges, the mild Reign of George the Third has set the example of Tolerance and Moderation to every Sect, and to the people of every persuasion. At the same time may be ob- served that lenient spirit spreading wide and far among Nations the most intolerant. Even the Pope himself has felt its influence. *' An attentive enquirer, enlightened by the means which these Volumes will furnish, will be able to trace the spring of all these Revolutions to its source; and will probably be inclined to con- clude, that the same Power that produced all these astonishing alterations, in the short period of Half a Century, will in time bring forth still greater changes, of which human foresight can have no conception. — To make this Work of the greater value to the Purchasers, no more than One Hundred Sets will be perfected by the Proprietors ; but a few single Volumes are printed over, to perfect the Sets of former Purchasers.'* The reprinting proceeded to the Twentieth Volume. The enlargement of the Magazine, which was most favourably received, was thus noticed, by the present Writer, in the Preface to the year 1783. *' Having now for a year experienced the advantages of our en- larged plan, our Readers, we flatter ourselves,\vi!l allow its ex- pediency. If our price is increased, so is our Volume in the same proportion, and by this means we have been enabled to admit many valuable communications, which must otherwise have been consigned to oblivion. And our example has been followed by much the oldest and most respectable of our com- petitors. Encouraged by the approbation that it has generally received, we are determined to pursue our plan with redoubled vigour, and doubt not that, though * Years following years steal something every day' from the pleasures and friendships of human life, they will add to the reputation and the friends which the Gentleman's Maga- zine has so long enjoyed. We have only to desire them to con- tinue their kind contributions, and to believe that though they may even now be sometimes unavoidably postponed, they will PREFACE. Ixiii not be omitted, unless for reasons of which they will allow us to be the judges, and then (if desired) they shall be returned." To the Volume for 1784 the Editor took the liberty of pre- fixing this sonnet : Urban, thy skill maturM by mellowing Time, Thy pleasing toil, thy well-conducted page, Through Britain's Realms, and many a Foreign Clime, Have charm'd the last, and charm the present age. Unnumber'd Rivals, urg'd by thy renown. To match thy useful labours oft have tried ; In vain they tried; unnotic'd and unknown, III cold Oblivion's shade they sunk, and died. Chear'd by the fostering beams of public praise, Continue still " to profit and delight * :" Whilst Learning all her ample store displays. Her " varying" charms at thy command ** unite f." Hence future Hawkesworths, Wartons, Grays, may sing, Where virtuous Johnson J plum'd his eagle wing. J. N. In the Preface to 1784 allusion is made to a plan (in the Number for September, p. 653) for an extensive "Repertory of Antiquity, or a Register of Communications, and Notices of Discoveries, of Matters as yet undescribed. Points as yet unex- plained, or not hitherto discussed, &c." A valuable descrip- tion of the 5or^5 o/" w?a^m<3/5 of which it should consist is then given ; which we are tempted to transcribe, as pointing out the nature of those communications which are now, as they were then, thought very desirable. " Notice and information of matters or things respecting an- tient topography, or geography ; of changes and alterations which the face of any country hath undergone in its mountains, rivers, ports, harbours, particularly, as far as may be collected from history, record, or tradition, or traced by any vestiges of an- tiquity ; of the drowning of any country; of eruptions; of countries becoming drained from failure of waters which before flooded them ; of the growing of soil, as marshes beyond the an- tient sea-shores and banks, or of fens within land ; the changes of the courses of rivers, and the apparent effect of them ; antient ac- counts of tides, where they differed from the present state of things. *' Accounts and information of the antient inhabitancy in its successive inhabitants, by colony or conquest; remains of their * " Prodesse et delectare." + " E pluribus unum." i To whom the Writer of these Lines had the pleasure of shewing them in the last interview with which he was honoured by this illustrious pattern of true piety. — ** Take care of your eternal salvation," and " Remember to observe the Sabbath; let it not be a day of business, nor wholly a day of dissipation j" were parts of his last solemn farewell. *' Let my words have their due weight," he added ; *' they are^those of a dying man." Ixiv PREFACE, mode of living and dwelling : Britons ; Scots ; Picts ; Saxons ; Anglo-Danes ; Normans ; their respective peculiarities as to the point of inhabitancy ; the progress and improvements in house- building, as to the materials and form ; remains of public dwel- lings and inhabitancy; Pictish, British, Roman, Saxon, Norman, Gothic, Moorish, or Arabesque, or of the beginnings of the intro- duction of the Grecian and Roaian architecture ; of pavings, tes- selated, brick, tile, plaster, or the introduction of wood-flooring ; of ceilings, and specimens or accounts ofantient painted ceilings or walls. " Specimens or accounts of antient furniture, worthy of notice, so far as it may tend to mark the change of manners, or the pro- gress of what is called Refinement and Fashion. " Specimens or accounts of clothing, cookery, brewery, con- fectionery, in general ; the table of medicines, which may tend to illustrate the changes and progression of customs, or may recall to memory any thing useful, which may have been lost, or disused from mere caprice and love of change, perhaps for the worse, of which many instances will occur, and some very mate- rial ones might here be specified. " Any thing which may recall to memory antient modes of farming in tillage or grazing, used and useful under former cir- cumstances of the country, and which, though now disusen, may become again useful, should the country, by loss of foreign trade, or oppression of taxes, and an emigration or decrease of inhabit- ants, fall back, in any degree, to its former state. " The antient modes of internal carriage, by land or by water ; therein of river and canal navigation from the time of the Romans. There is a curious clue by which this investigation may be car- ried back to much earlier times. Notices and information of marine carriage ; as also of the progress of marine architecture, and of the nature of the antient marine navigation. " All notices, or specimens, of antient mechanics, and mecha- nic trades and handicrafts ; antient tools (as, for one instance, how and when the chissel succeeded the adze in working stone) ; of antient machines, which, though now disused in practice, may not be wholly unuseful, at least to be known ; accounts of antient manufactures, and specimens of their fabrics. ** Accounts, or any specimens, of the refined arts in jewellery, embroidery, knitting, and frame- weavi ng ; statuary, painting, and engraving ; particularly the illuminator's art. ^* Antient musick ; psalmody; musical instruments ; poetry; and stage-plays. ** Any thing which may give precedents or explanations of our constitution under the Saxons or Danes, or of the revival of jt in later times. *' State of our constitutional customs, and our modes of the PREFACE. IXV administration and execution of law, and in the usage and main- tenance of rights. The state of these matters as found in the law courts, and other jurisdictions, either general and pubHc, or peculiars of local courts, such as ampts, bailliages, loes, and other inferior leets and jurisdictions. Any accounts marking, at various periods, the state of our military, and our art of war; our arms, defensive and offensive ; our artillery, before and since the use of gunpowder. I should here mention our antient mode of fortification, but that Mr. King, in his very curious and very learned Dissertation on Antient Castles, has almost exhausted that subject. " Local and tovvn customs, antiently established, distinguish- ing those which were grounded in wise policy from those which are derived from the caprice of insolent fcedal despotism. " State, at various periods of time, of our internal trade, mar- kets, and marts ; of our external commerce and navigation ; places to which we traded ; manner in which such was conducted ; articles of such commerce in each place respectively. " Heraldry ; such as marks the alliances and descendants of our Sovereigns, which in part comes under the head of Diplo- matic Information ; such as marks the history of any family or person, having any reference to the clearing-up any point of history. "Notices of any materials which lie buried in unnoticed places of record, in the treasuries of courts, churches, chapters, or libra- ries ; materials which remain obscure and unnoticed in the seve- ral places of our public records. " Articles of biography, respecting the lives of men of any description ; of such who have been of any use during their lives, or by their works ; of men whose conductor fate in life recorded, may become useful examples, encouragement, or warning to others." It will not, we trust, be deemed presumptuous to say, that the Gentleman's Magazine has in a great measure fulfilled the prediction of the learned and ingenious Antiquary, and has proved itself ** one of the most useful Repositories of the species of knowledge above recommended, any where to be met with ; its pages having been always eagerly opened to facts, and observa- tions upon facts, respecting the History and Antiquities of our Country ; precedents and explanations of our ancient and glo- rious Constitution ; with useful discoveries of every kind." " But it is not to the Antiquary alone, however respectable, that the Editors have devoted their attention. The Philosopher, the Historian, the Physician, the Critic, the Poet, the Divine, and above all the Publick, have in turn shared the utmost ex- ertion of their abilities." In the Preface to 1785, instead of recapitulating the principal VOL. III. i Ixvi PREFACE. Contents of the Volume, a new plan was struck out, of intro- ducing an "Index Indicatorius;" or, an Explanatory Index of Papers, which our limits would not admit in the course of the preceding year ; and this Minor Correspondence was found so useful an addition to the Magazine, that it was soon after conti- nued monthly, instead of annually. By the death of the Rev. John Duncombe*, the Magazine lost a Correspondent, whose communications, in Biography, Poetry, and Criticism, during the last twenty years of his life, were frequent and valuable. Many of them are without a name ; but his miscellaneous communications are usually distinguished by the signature of Ckito. And this may be a proper place to mention the considerable assistance which the Magazine received from the kindness of Richard Gouonf, Esq. which cannot be better mentioned than in his own words : " He opened a correspondence with Mr. Urban in 1767, with an account of the village of Aldfriston in Sussex, under the sig- nature of D. H. ; which signature he retained to the last, but not altogether uniformly; nor is another signature in some later Volumes with the same letters to be mistaken for his. And on the death of his Fellow Collegian, Mr. Duncombe, in 1786, the department of the Review in that valuable Miscellany was, for the most part, committed to him. If he criticised with warmth and severity certajn innovations attempted in Church and State, he wrote his sentiments with sincerity and impartiality — in the fulness of a heart deeply impressed with a sense of the excellence and happiness of the English Constitution both in Church and State." On the 7th of May 1786, a considerable number of the Volumes of the Magazine, from 1781 inclusive, were unfortu- nately consumed by a Fire, which began in Ludgate Street, and extended its ravages to Mrs. Newbery's dwelling-house and warehouse, in St. Paul's Church-yard. The Two Volumes of a General Index, from 1731 to 1786 inclusive, were published in 1789. They were compiled by a laborious and worthy Divine, .the Rev, Samuel Ayscough, many years Assistant Librarian in the British Museum, where his multifarious labours, more particularly in arranging and cata- loguing the undescribed Manuscripts, the very numerous and scarce single Tracts, and especially the many original Charters, will long bear testimony to his uncommon industry. He died Oct. 30, 1804, in his 59th year J. • This worthy Divine died January 1 8, 1786. See Vol. LXVI. p. 85. t This not less respectable Correspondent, and benevolent Friend, died Feb. 20, 1809. See Vol. LXXIX. pp. igo, IQS. % See his Epitaph, with a Portrait of him, in General Index, Vol. V. p. yiii. PREFACE. Ixvii In 1789, a copious and accurate Diary was given of his late Majesty's Visit to Weymouth and Plymouth ; as were also, in subsequent years, of the Sovereign's various Excursions to Wey- mouth, Portland, Portsmouth, Cheltenham, Worcester, Hartle- bury, &c. ; from which some future Historian of Royal Progresses may find some useful materials ; or some future necromantic Ro- mancer (if another Sir Walter Scott should arise) may dilate on the Princely Pleasures of Weymouth, and its delightful Vicinity. In 1790 Mr. Urban thus addressed his Readers : " On the completion of a Sixtieth Volume, we may again be allowed to make the most grateful acknowledgments for that succession of favour, which has so long enabled us to stand con- spicuous in the foremost rank of Monthly Journalists. " We assume no merit beyond that of being the brief, but faithful, reporters of the Chronicle of the Times; and of select- ing from the variety of excellent contributions which we receive what, in our best judgment, we think most conducive to the gene- ral fund of public entertainment and instruction. It is to our correspondents that the Reader is principally indebted for the valuable materials with which our pages are constantly filled, by Writers of the first eminence. " Useful inventions and improvements in all branches of science, and even the record of unsuccessful projects, have regu- larly been registered in our Miscellany. The admirers of Bio- graphy, which has become a favourite amusement of the present age, will find here the most copious stores of information ; and that very frequently in the truest picture that can be given, by the genuine Letters of such eminent characters as best deserve to be perpetuated. The Natural Historian, the Antiquary, the Philosopher, and the Studious in Polite Literature of every de- scription, may also meet with their favourite object of research, and mutually give and receive that instruction which we are proud of being the instruments of conveying to public notice. " In Politicks, the present year has been pregnant with events of the highest importance both to Church and State ; and those it has been our study to detail with the strictest impartiality. And in this Volume, we may confidently assert, will be found a satisfactory narrative of the proceedings of the National Assem- bly of France, and of that ever-memorable Federation, which an elegant Female Writer, who went to Paris on purpose to be a spectator of it, calls ' the most sublime Spectacle that ever was represented on the Theatre of the Earth.' When the preceding extract was written no reasonable man could have contemplated the lamentable proceedings which so speedily followed the dawnings of happiness in France, by the total demolition, not only of the visionary fabrick which had been erected, but of the very Government itself, and of all that was sacred and venerable. Ixviii PREFACE. The change was duly noticed in the Preface of 1791 : " That the Sixty-first Volume of the Gentleman's Magazine meets the public eye, at the close of the year 1791, survivor to so many of its Contemporaries, is acknowledged with every grate- ful sentiment by the Compiler, whom it encourages to flatter himself, that, out of the heterogeneous mass of matter that offers itself to his ingenuity, he has served up some dishes at least suit- able to the various palates of his Readers. ''When the world around him is in confusion ; when 'the na- tions rage, and the people imagine a vain thing, the Kings of the earth set themselves, and the Princes take counsel together;' with astonishment and an impartial eye he sees the absurd doc- trine of the Rights of Man, and of turning loose into a state of equality men who have no more idea of liberty than infants have of being left to go alone, or are no more to be trusted than the tenants of Bedlam or Newgate. For of this axiom he is firmly convinced, that the torpid Greenlander, the indolent Turk, the placid Hindoo, the ferocious Cossack, and the stupid Negro, the more flippant Frenchman, and the self-sufficient Chinese, have not the same idea of liberty, or the same talents for using or improving it, with his brave and generous Countrymen ; — con- sequently, all men are not equal in their natural or acquired advantages. He considers too, that it is not the obtruding of private opinions or vagaries, whether by secret or open artifice, that will weary a whole people out of their received and well- founded sj^stems, to which they are convinced no better can be substituted. In giving his sentiments on these topicks with free- dom, he has borne his testimony as a true friend to the Consti- tution of his Country, which, he hopes and prays, will not be subverted, or even shaken, at the caprice of every visionary, or the clamours of every incendiary. '* It is the glory of the Gentleman's Magazine to be founded on true Protestantism and true Patriotism, superior to the cla- mours of the day, whether extorted by mistaken humanity, mis- guided faith, or interested policy. Thus its Conductor condemns the total and instantaneous abolition of the Slave Trade, and thinks himself warranted by the horrors of St. Domingo ; he de- precates such a Revolution as has happened in France, when he contemplates the successors to the first National Assembly, the miseries of the bulk of emancipated Twenty-five millions, who have more liberty than they know what to do with, and the rapid approaches of a civil war; and, sincerely as he commiserates the sufferers by riot and outrage in his own Country, he feels and laments, that they brought their sufferings on themselves, and persist in their attempts to provoke them with unrelenting resentment. " So much for the speculations which administer (we heartily wish the term could be avoided) fuel to controversy, religious or PREFACE. Ixix political : but we may surely be allowed to claim a merit from endeavouring to damp, if we cannot extinguish, the fire ; and to hope for the concurrence of good men of all denominations, in- spired by genuine Christian Charity and Peace." In 1792 the subject was thus resumed : " The Editor of the Gentleman's Magazine contemplates the completion of its Sixty-second Volume with delight and gratitude. This delight and this gratitude is the more increased from the recollection, that the competitors for the favours of the publick become every day more and more numerous ; he has, therefore, the greater reason to be satisfied that his well-meant endeavours retain, what they ever have been exerted to deserve, their proper share of the public countenance and esteem. *' We have yet again lived to see turbulent and perilous times ; but we do not fear that we shall still continue to behold the solid good sense of Englishmen dispel the mists of sophistry and vain philosophy ; we still hope to know that vice and folly can never triumph over virtue and wisdom ; and we are fully convinced that the blessings and advantages of the British Constitution are as permanent in themselves, and as equally diffused, as the in- firmities of human kind will warrant, or its reasonable faculties enjoy. " To the Constitution, they whose labours are devoted to the Gentleman's Magazine have ever been firm, consistent, and sys- tematic friends : we may defy those who have been most envious of our success to prove, that we have in any instance deviated from the integrity of Englishmen, to favour any prejudices of any party, at the expence of our general duty to the publick. To this conduct we shall adhere with steady perseverance, uninflu- enced, and unintimidated. We stand on the firm base of our Countrymen's good opinion ; and we well know they will never remove us from it as long as we shall continue to vindicate their true and proper interests. " We are compelled also to avow the melancholy truth, that we have beheld the cause of Religion, and consequently the best hopes of man, audaciously attacked by some, and insidiously undermined by others. In this respect we may venture to claim to ourselves some portion of applause. We have been vigilant in counteracting these attacks, in whatever form, and from what- ever quarter, they came ; being well assured that we could not better serve or promote the genuine happiness of our fellow- beings, than by averting all contamination from those springs, which, rising in the First Principles of Things, are to terminate only in Eternity." One more extract shall be given as it expresses the sentiments of the present Writer in 1794 : ** Again the period returns, when with honest exultation we IXX PREFACE. acknowledge that uniform patronage, which for sixty-four years we have thankfully experienced ; and which, though it may be difficult to find words that will vary the expressions of gratitude, is now acknowledged with the truest sensibility of the obligation. " The unparalleled events of the past year have crowded on each other with such rapidity, and form such a memorable epoch in the historic page, that we look back with astonishment on the stupendous facts which we have recorded ; facts which have set at defiance the most profound speculations of the politician, and such as the most visionary projector could not dare to have pre- dicted. We forbear to dwell on the painful recital of slaugh- tered armies ; or on other and still more afflicting devastations of cruelty, where the numerous victims were either of the softer sex, or, from infancy or age, unable to resist the ferocity of their assailants. Whatever may be the termination, these are events which stamp an indelible disgrace on the perpetrators ; of whom very many have in their tarns already expiated their crimes under the hands of public justice; and that in such a rapid succession as must astonish the most inattentive observer. Having felt it our duty to relate with fidelity these melancholy events as they have arisen ; we look to the Great Disposer of Events, in humble hope that the signal mercies which have hitherto attended this favoured Country, may long be continued to it. Happily preserved by our insular situation from the more immediate scene of War ; may we be truly sensible of the bles- sing ; and may our inestimable Constitution long remain impreg- nable to the attacks of every assailant, and be transmitted invio- late to the latest posterity ! Wishing most sincerely to draw a veil over whatever might tend to keep open dissentions which we hope are now for ever closed ; it will be sufficient to recall to recollection the excellence of our Laws, and the purity with which they are administered. — The Reader will pardon this effu- sion, not wholly undigressive. " To our numerous and very learned Correspondents we have to pay those thanks which their own ingenuous hearts will dic- tate to them in the warmest terms, without over-rating our sen- timents. To them alone it is owing that the Gentleman's Maga- zine has so long preserved its Literary Reputation. Their con- tributions unite to form an aggregate of entertainment and in- struction. With pride and Pleasure we look round to some of the brightest ornaments of Church and State — to the Bar, the Pulpit, and the Senate — and see in every department names of the first distinction who have sent their early shafts from our Ulysses's Bow, And it is with conscious satisfaction we reflect that, whenever the impetuosity of controversy has led our Cor- respondents to a greater degree of warmth than cooler prudence may have suggested, our columns have ever been open to the PREFACE. Ixxi vindication of every person who lias thought himself aggrieved ; and in some cases even to an insertion of a direct attack upon ourselves. Let this, however, be a hint to our friends, not to indulge too freely in the satiric vein. We wish to hold out an olive-branch both in Literature and Politicks; and that an ar- mistice may take place in the territories of Mr. Urban, even if it should fail on the Continent of Europe. ** In one department of our Miscellany it is not arrogant to assert, that we stand unrivalled. The Obituary forms a Body of Biography, which posterity will look back to with a satisfac- tion which any one may conceive who for a moment considers the defects of similar annals in preceding periods. In this branch of our labours, we have to acknowledge the assistance of many friends. At the same time we request those who in future may be inclined to favour us with intelligence of this kind to confine themselves in general to dates and facts, and to avoid expatiating on that which, -arising from circumstances of private knowledge, or a local nature, may serve equally for thousands, as the favourite individual to whom it is promiscuously applied. " The most difficult part of our task remains ; an apology to those who may feel hurt at their productions not appearing in print. To such we can only say, that, in cases where articles are wholly improper^ we regularly point them out ; but that all others are intended to be used, till the press of fresh correspond- ence becomes so great, that, large and crowded as our pages are, and small as is our type, we are often unable to find room for what we estem truly valuable. We have, therefore, to request indulgence on this head ; and to beg that our friends will be as concise as the subject will admit, and avoid, wherever they can, superfluous controversy. We consider ourselves as caterers for the publick ; and wishing, to the best of our abilities, to furnish them with instruction and delight, we trust they will give us credit for endeavouring at least to perform our task with impar- tiality, and with some of the advantages obtained from long experience.*' After this period, the Prefaces have for the most part been the productions of more able Writers; but these, as some of them are still living ornaments of the present age, it would be impertinent to particularize, though the mention of two deceased Friends, Mr. Gough and Mr. Beloe, it would be unpardonable to conceal. It may safely, however, be said, that their general and constant tenour, in the stormy events of a most eventful period, has been to inculcate the purest principles of Religion and Morality ; and to inculcate a due reverence for the Consti- tuted Authorities in Church and State, as settled by Magna Charta, and confirmed by the glorious Revolution of 1688. In 1792 the present Writer had occasion to lament the loss of Ixxii PREFACE^ his old and excellent Friend, Mr. Henry, his very able associate in the Magazine, of which he was the principal Proprietor*, and of whom in this place some notice seems necessary. Mr. David Henry was born in the neighbourhood of Aber- deen, in 1710, which place he left at the age of fourteen ; and, coming to London, became connected with Edward Cave, whose sister (as stated in p. Ivi) he married in 1736 ; and began busi- ness at Reading, where he established a provincial Paper for the use of that town, and of Winchester, where he had likewise a Printing-office. In 1754 his name was used in the Magazine, as partner with Richard Cave (see p. Ivi.) at St. John's Gate, where he continued to reside for many years with great reputation : and he possessed the freehold property of the Gate and its appurtenances at the time of his death. Besides taking an active part in the management of the Magazine for more than half a century, Mr. Henry's separate lite- rary labours were such as do credit to his judgment and in- dustry. The only printed Volume that we recollect, which bears his name, was a compilation, while he lived at Reading, under the patronage of Dr. Bolton, Dean of Carlisle, entitled, *' Twenty Discourses — abridged from Archbishop Tillotson, &c." of which a second edition was published in 1763, and a fourth in 1779. Those useful and popular publications which describe the Curiosities of Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's, and the Tower, &c, were originally compiled by Mr. Henry, and were improved by him through many successive impressions. He wrote also, " The Complete English Farmer, or a Practical System of Husbandry," a science which he cultivated on his farm at Beckenham in Kent ; and " An Historical Account of all the Voyages round the World, performed by English Navi- gators," 1774,4 vols. 8vo ; to which he afterwards added two more, including Captain Cook's Voyages ; all remarkable for being comprehensive, perspicuous, and accurate. He was a man of sound understanding, well acquainted with the literary history of his time, and agreeably communicative of what he knew. In the Magazine for 1792, is a Letter signed N. L. L. (I forget from whom) in which are several particulars respecting Mr. David Henry and his various Publications. In January 1794, soon after the death of the celebrated Mr. Gibbon, a letter from that elegant Historian was printed in the Magazine, vol. LXIV. p. 5, in which he strongly advised the Writer of this Preface to publish a Selection of the many im- portant articles of the Magazine. From other numerous and pressing avocations, Mr. Nichols never had the opportunity of availing himself of this friendly hint ; but the idea was afterwards * Mr. Henry's shares in the Magazine became the property of his Widow ; and are still possessed by her Family. iTREFACE. Ixxiii adopted, and successfully acted upon, by a Gentleman of the University of Oxford. In 1799, in consequence of a considerable advance in the duties on paper, imposed by Parliament, and at the same time a consi- derable increase in the price of labour, the Proprietors of the Magazine were under the necessity of raising the price to eighteen pence; and in 1809 to two shillings. The Preface to the year 1800, written by Mr. Gough, on oc- casion of the conclusion of the Eighteenth Century, is well wor- thy of particular notice. In it is given a list of the Sovereigns who flourished during the course of the Century ; and in a curious supplementary article in Feb. 1803, Mr. Gough drew up, with great attention, a List of such departed Worthies as had effec- tually served their Country in Church and State, or distin- guished themselves in Literature or in Arms, arranged under the heads of "Ministers and Statesmen, Stateswomen ; Lawyers, Judges ; Warriors, Admirals and Seamen ; Learned Divines of the English and Irish Church, Dissenters, and Foreigners ; Historians, Antiquaries, Writers, Critics, Grammarians, Poets, Mathema- ticians, Painters, Architects, Statuaries, Engravers, Printers, Letter-founders, Wood-cutters, Travellers, Physicians, Sur- geons and Chemists, Botanists and Gardeners, Naturalists, Actors, and Musicians." On the night of Feb. 8, 1808, a calamitous event (at which the present Writer still trembles whilst recording it) in a few short hours demolished the accumulated stock of half a century. His extensive printing-office and warehouses, with their valuable contents, were rapidly consumed ; and, amongst other articles of still more intrinsic literary as well as pecuniary interest, were the unsold Numbers of the Gentleman's Magazine, from 1783 to 1807 ; with the exception of a very few copies, which were in the Publisher's warehouse; and so fiercely did the Fire rage, that many hundred copper-plates (and amongst them those of the Magazine) were totally spoiled, and some actually melted. From this period * is to be dated the " New Series " of the Magazine ; which may still be regularly had, or almost any single Number, at Messrs. Harris and Son's, in St. Paul's Church-yard. Of the very numerous Engravings which embellish the Maga- zines (not less than two thousand, exclusive of the Wood-cuts) it may be sufficient to refer the Reader to a slight account of them in an Advertisement prefixed to the " Complete List of the Plates and Wood-cuts in the Gentleman's Magazine, and Index thereto," which forms the Fifth Volume of these General Indexes ; and for which the Publishers are highly indebted to its ingenious Compiler, Charles St. Barbe, jun. Esq. F. S. A. * Earlier Volumes, or single Numbers, arc occasionally to be had from various Booksellers, by whom they are treasured whenever they arc found in Libraries. VOL. in. ' k Ixxiv PREFACE. » *^* In the preceding pages the names have been enumerated of some of the earliest Correspondents of the Magazine ; and it is with equal pride and pleasure that the following List is subjoined of Contributors of a later date, formed principally from a 7nemonter recollection of departed Friends and Patrons — and which might be most considerably enlarged, were the pages of the different Volumes turned over for that particular purpose. William Alexander, Esq. George Allan, Esq. Darlington. Rev. Richard Amner. Mr. Henry Andrews, Astrologer. James Pettit Andrews, Esq. Rev. George Ashby. Thomas As tie, Esq. Benjamin Aylett, Esq. Surgeon. Sir Joseph Ayloffe, Bart. Rev. Samuel Ayscough. John Bacon, Esq. First Fruits Office. John Bacon, Esq. Architect. Rev. Dr. Phanuei Bacon. Rev. Samuel Badcock. Chambers Hyde Badger, Esq. Mr. William Baker, Reading. Rev. Roger Baldwin. Rev. Dr. Thomas Balguy. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. Thomas Barker, Esq. Lyndon. Rev. Stephen Barrett. Mr. William Barrett, Bristol. Mr. Thomas Barritt, Manchester. Hon. Daines Barrington. Mr. Benjamin Bartlett. Rev. Julius Bate, Deptford. John Baynes, Esq. Rev. Dr. Osmund Beauvoir. Mr. Thomas Beckwith, York. Rev. William Beloe. Dr. W. Bennet, Bishop of Cloyne. Rev. James Bentham. Mr. Samuel Bentley, Uttoxeter. Mrs. Eliza Berkeley. John Berkenhout, M. D. Sir Thomas Bernard, Bart. William Bernard, Esq. Rev. William Bickerstaffe, Leicester. Ralph Bigland, Esq. Garter, ^ Rev. George Bingham. John Birch, Esq. Surgeon. Rev. Samuel Bishop. Dr. Robert Bisset. Rev. F. Blackburne, Archdeacon. Mr. Thomas Bland, of Norwich (A Friend to Accuracy J Rev, Dr. Benjamin Blayney. Mr. Richard Bond, Gloucester. William Boscawen, Esq. James Boswell, Esq. Rev. Jonathan Boucher. Rev. John Bowie, Idmiston. John Bowles, Esq. Rev. St. George Bowles. Mr. W. Bowyer, (learned Printer). William Boys, Esq. Sandwich. Abraham Bragge, Esq. Surgeon. Rev. John Brand, Sec. A. S. Rev. John Brand, Southwark. Edward Bridgen, Esq . Richard Brocklesby, M. D. John Charles Brooke, Esq. Herald. Alderman T. Broster, Chester. John Hawkins Browne, Esq. Jacob Bryant, Esq. William Buchan, M. D. Mr. Joseph Buckmaster, Lambeth. Joseph Budworth, Esq. afterwards Palmer fA RamblerJ. William Burdon, Esq. Rev. Dr. And, Burnaby, Archdeacon. Rev. Dr. Charles Burney. Sir William Burrell, Bart. Mr. E. Burton fRiiben D'MoundtJ. Rev. Thomas Butler, Child Ockford. Rev. William Dejovas Byrche. John Cade, Esq. Gainford, Durham. Hon. and Rev. W.Bromley Cadogan. Rev. Dr. John Calder. Sir John Call, Bart. Dr. John Carr, Hertford. Francis Carter, Esq. Mr. John Carter, Architect. Mr. George Saville Cary. Tiberius Cavallo, Esq. Rev. William Chafin, Chettle. Mr. James Chalmers, Aberdeen. Mrs. Chapone. John Charnock, Esq. William Chisholme, Esq. Thomas Christie, Esq. Rev. Edward Clarke, Buxted. PREFACE. Ixxr Rev. William Clarke, Chichester. Rev. Charles Coates. Thomas Cogan, M. D. Rev. Dr. Thomas Coke. Charles Nalson Cole^ Esq. Rev. William Cole, Mliton. William Collins, Esq. Greenwich. Michael Collinson, Esq. Peter Collinson, Esq. Thomas Collinson, Esq. Patrick Colquhoun, LL.D. John Coltman, Esq. Leicester. Charles Combe, M. D. Rt. hon. W. Burton Conyngham. Rev. William Cooke. Rev. Oliver St. John Cooper. Rev. George Costard. Mrs. Cowley. William Cowper, Esq. the Poet. J. Crane, M.D.Wells. Rev. Sir Herbert Croft, Bart. Rev. Sir John Cullum, Bart. F. R.S. Richard Cumberland, Esq. William Cuming, M. D. Mr. William Cuningham. Mr. William Curtis, Botanist. Mr. Emanuel Mendez Da Costa. Alexander Dalrymple, Esq, David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes. Richard Dalton, Esq. Erasmus Darwin, M. D. Mr. Lockyer Davis. Mr. Thomas Davies. Mr. Benjamin Dawson, Bath. Rev. C. E. De Coetlogon. Lieut. -colonel De la Motte. John Louis De Lolme. Rev. Samuel Denne ( U\ and D.) Rev. Dr. John Disney. Rev. Dr. Philip Doddridge. Josiah Dornford, LL. D. Rev. James Douglas. Dr. John Douglas, Bp. of Sahsbury. John Dovaston, Esq. Hugh Downman, M. D. Rev. Wm. Drake, Isleworth. Matthew Duane, Esq. Andrew Coltee Ducarel, D. C. L. Mrs. S. Duncombe, Canterbury. Rev. Charles Dunster. Rev. Lewis Dutens. Rev. Henry Dimock, Hebraist. Mr. Edward Easton, Salisbury. Bryan Edwards, Esq. John Elderton, Esq. Bath. Mr. Deputy Ellis. Peter Elmsly, Esq. Mr. Hem-v Emlyn, Architect. Rev. Dr. Wm. Enfield. Mr. James Essex, Architect. Rev. Edward Evanson. Francis Eyre, Esq. Rev. Dr. Richard Farmer, J. Feltham, Esq. Sir John Fenn. John Forbes, Esq. Stanmore. Mr. Theodosius Forrest. Rev. Benjamin Foi-ster, Boconnoc. Edward Forster, Esq. Walthamstow. John Reinhold Forster, LL. D. William Forsyth, Esq. Kensington. John Fothergill, M. D. Anthony Fothergill, M. D. Mr. Richard Fowke, Elmesthorpe. Rev. Dr. Thomas Francklin. Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Rev. Dr. John Free. Fielding Best Fynney, Esq. Rev. Robert Burd Gabriel. Rev. Dr. Alexander Geddies. Edward Gibbon, Esq. the Historian. Rev. Dr. Andrew GifFard. Rev. Richai'd Gifford, Duffield. Rev. William Gilpin. Rev. Dr. Samuel Glasse. Rev. George-Henry Glasse. Richard Glover, Esq. Rev. Edward Goodwin, Sheffield. Rev. Dr. John Gordon, Lincoln. Rev. Dr. Isaac Gosset. Rev. William Gostling, Canterbury. Foote Gower, M. D. Rev. James Granger, Rev. Richard Graves. Rev. Stephen Greenaway. Edward Burnaby Greene, Esq. Mr. Richard Greene, Lichfield. Rev. Francis Gregory. Rev. Dr. George Gregory. Mr. Samuel H. Grimm, Artist. Captain Francis Grose. William Grove, Esq. LL.D. Rev. Philip Hacket. Sir William Hamilton, K. B. Jonas Han way, Esq. Hon. Mr. Justice Hardinge. Mr. E. Hargrove, Knaresborough. Robert Harrington, M. D. John Harriott, Esq. David Hartley, Esq. Ixxvi PREFACE. Rev. Dr. Edward Harwood. Edward Hasted, Esq. Kent. William Hawes, M. D. Sir John Hawkins. Mr. B. B. Hayden, Plymouth. William Hayley, Esq. Rev. Henry Headley ( T. C. 0.) Rev. Dr. Ralph Heathcote. William Heberden, M. D. Mr. John Hedger. Rev. John Henderson, Oxford. Rev. Dr. Samuel Henley. Mr. John Henn, Appleby School. Rev. Samuel Henshall. Rob. Henson, Esq. Bainton House. Mr. Wm. Herbert, Cheshunt. John Herrick, Esq. Beaumanor Park. Joseph High more, Esq. John Hinckley, Esq. Thomas Ford Hill, Esq. Francis Hiorne, Esq. Warwick. Rev. Henry Hodgson, M. D. LL.D. Rev. Richard Hole. John Holliday, Esq. Lincoln's Inn. Rev. Edward Holmes. Rev. Dr. Robert Holmes. Mr. John Holt, Liverpool. Rev. Henry Homer. John Hoole, Esq. Dr. G. Home, Bp. of Norwich. Dr. S. Horsley, Bp. of St. Asaph. John Howard, Esq. Philanthropist. Rev, James Hurdis. William Hutchinson, Esq. Durham. William Hutton, Esq. Birmingham. William Jackson, Esq. Canterbury. Edward Jacob, Esq. Faversham. Rev. Richard Jago. Rev. T. Jeffreys. David Jennings, Esq. Hawkhurst. Mr. Joseph Jennings. Edward Jerningham, Esq. Rev. Robert Ingram. Thomas Johnes, Esq. Hafod. Rev. Edward Jones, Loddington. Rev. John Jones. Rev. W. Jones, Nayland. Sir William Jones. Mr. J.Jordan, Stratford-upon-Avon. Edward Ironside, Esq. John Ives, Esq. George Keate, Esq. Robert Kelham, Esq. Rev, Dr. Benjamin Kennicott. Rev. Dr. Andrew Kippis. Thomas Kirkland, M. D. Mrs. Mary Knowles, Fair Quaker. Mr. John Knox, Bookseller. Rev. John Kynaston. Rev. Thomas Langley. Bennet Langton, Esq. The Most Noble William Petty, the first Marquis of Lansdown. Mr. J. Laskey, Crediton. William Latham, M,D. Freach Laurence, D. C. L. Rev. Francis I^eighton. Mr. Henry Lemoine. John Coakley Lettsom, M. D. Sir Ashton Lever. Mr. David Levi. Rev. Dr. Lickorish, Hockley. Rev. John Lightfoot. Rev. Theophilus Lindsey. Mr. Robert Loder, Woodbridge. Edward Long, Esq. Jamaica. Mr. Barak Longmate. Dr. J. Lorimer. Rev. Dr. Michael Lort. Dr. Robert Lowth, Bp. of London. John Loveday, Esq. Caversham. JohnLoveday, D.C.L. (Antiquarius, Acodemicus, and Scrutator J. Rev. Thomas Ludlam. Rev, William Ludlam. Rev. John Lyon, Dover. Samuel Lysons, Esq. Dr. Charles Lyttelton, Bp. of Exeter. Rev. Aulay Macaulay, Vicar of Rothley (Clericus Leicestrensis.J Rev. Dr. Archibald Maclaine. Dr. S. Madan, Bp. of Peterborough. J. Hyacinth de Magelhaens, Esq. Mr. James Peller Malcolm. Edmund Malone, Esq. The Abb^ Mann, Brussels. Rev. Owen Manning. Dr. W. Lort Mansel, Bp. of Bristol. Rev. Dr. Rt. Markham, Whitechapel. Jeremiah Markland, Esq. M. A. Rev. Edmund Marshall. Rev. William Mason. George Mason, Esq. Rev. Robert Masters. Mr. James Matthews, Librarian at Shelburne House. Rev. Paul Henry Maty. Israel Mauduit, Esq, Sir Joseph Mawbey, Bart. Rev. Henry Meen. PREFACE. Ixxvii William Melmoth, Esq. Mr. Richard E. Mercier, Dublin. Rev. Henry Michell. Mr. Julius Mickle. Mr. Richard Miles, Numismatist. Edward Miller, Mus. D. Dr. Jeremiah Milles, Dean of Exeter. Rev. J. Mills, Cowbit. R.ev. Thomas Monro. Rev. James Knight Moor. James Moore, Esq. Samuel More, Esq. Rev. Dr. Thomas Morell. Rev. Thomas Morgan. Thomas Mortimer, Esq. Charles Morton, M. D. Benjamin Moseley, M. D. Joseph Moser, Esq. Rev. William Mounsey, Sproxton. Peter Muilman, Esq. Thomas Mulso, Esq. Arthur Murphy, Esq. S. Musgrave, M. D. Robert Mylne, Esq. Architect. Rev, Dr. Treadway Russell Nash. Rev. Dr. James Nasmith. Rev. Dr. Timothy Neve. Dr. W. Newcomb, Abp. of Armagh. Rev. Peter Newcome. James Neild, Esq. "Visitor of Prisons. Rev. Dr. R. Boucher Nickolls, Dean of Middleham. Rev. Ralph Nicholson. Rev. Dr. MatthevvNorton, Hinckley. Rev. Francis Oakley, Northampton. General Oglethorpe. Mr. S. Marsh Oram, Shaftesbury. Rev. Dr. Henry Owen. Rev. John Owsley, Blaston. Rev.Dr. William Paley, Archdeacon. Rev. John Parkhurst. James Parsons, M. D. Dr. J. Parsons, Bp. of Peterborough. Rev. Philip Parsons, Kent. John Paterson, Esq. Deputy. Mr. Samuel Paterson, Book Auc- tioneer. Mr. George Paton, Edinburgh. Sir George Onesiphorus Paul, Bart. Rev. Dr. Edward Pearson. Samuel Pegge, Esq. (L. E. and Paul Gemsege, junj Thomas Pennant, Esq. Dr. Thomas Percy, Bp. of Dromore. Kev. Thomas Percy, LL. D. Tho. Percival, M. D. Manchester. William Perfect, M. D. Mr. Alderman Pickett. Francis Pigott, Esq. Barrister. Mr. Richard Porson, Greek Professor. Dr. Beilby Porteus, Bp. of London. Rev. Robert Potter. John Pownall, Esq. Governor Thomas Pownall. Samuel Jackson Pratt, Esq. Sir John Prestwich. Rev. John Price, Bodleian Library, Rev. Dr. Richard Price. Rev. Dr. Joseph Priestley. Mr. Daniel Prince, Oxford. Sir John Pringle, Bart. Rev. John Prior. Rev. John Newell Puddicombe. Richard Pulteney, M. D. Henry James Pye, Esq. Robert Raikes, Esq. Mr. Charles Rathband. Isaac Reed, Esq. Sir Joshua Reynolds. Mr. Thomas Cox Reynolds. Rev. Dr. W, Richardson, Ireland. Rev. Dr. Gloster Ridley. Edward Rigby, Esq. Norwich. Joseph Ritson, Esq. John Peter Roberdeau, Esq. Henry Townley Roberdeau, Esq. Barre-Charles Roberts, Esq. Rev. Joseph Robertson. Mr. John Robinson, Hinckley. Rev. Robert Robinson, Cambridge. Charles Rogers, Esq. Rev. William Romaine. Major Hay man Rooke. Right Hon. George Rose. Samuel Rose, Esq. Rev. Thomas Rotheram. William Rowley, M. D. Major-gen. William Roy. Rev. Rogers Ruding. Benjamin Rush, M. D. Philadelphia. Rev. Sambrook Nicholas Russell. Rev. Thomas Russell. John Ryland, Esq. Mr. Jacob Schnebbelie. Isaac Schomberg, M. D. Rev. Dr. James Scott. John Scott, Esq. Amwell. Miss Anna Seward. Rev. Thomas Seward. William Seward, Esq. Ixxviii PREFACE. Granville Sharp, Esq. Mr. James Sharp, Mechanist. George Shaw, M. D. Rev. Stebbing Shaw. Mr. C. Shepherd, Gray's Inn. Rev. Dr. R. Shepherd, Archdeacon. Rev. Martin Sherlock. Samuel Foart Simmons, M. D. James Sims, M. D. James Six, Esq. Canterbury. Rev. James Six. Mr. Matthew Skinner, Pentonville. Henry Smeathman, Esq. Mrs. Charlotte Smith. Southern Faunist (Q. Who ?) Rev. Richard Southgate. Rev. John Spicer, Reading, George Steevens, Esq. Rev. Percival Stockdale. Rev. Sir James Stonehouse. Lieut. John Stoyle, R. N. Rev. Dr. John Strachey, Archdeacon. John Strange, Esq. Mr. Joseph Strutt, Engraver. Rev. Dr. John Sturges. Rev. Charles Sturges. Deane Swift, Esq. Henry Swinburne, Esq. (Porcustus.J Mr. John Tailby, Slawston. Miss Catharine Talbot. Mr. Isaac Tarrat. Rev. William Tasker. Rer. Anthony Temple. Rev. Giles Templeman. Philip Thicknesse, Esq. fPolyxena^ P. T. and A Wanderer J Rev. Josiah Thomas, Archdeacon. Mr. Nathaniel Thomas. Mrs. Thomas, of Newbold. Sir B.Thompson, Count of Rumford. John Thorpe, Esq. Bexley. Mr. John Throsby, Leicester. Rev. William Tooke. John Topham, Esq. Rev. Joshua Toulmin, Taunton. Rev. Dr. Joseph Towers. Rev. Micajah Towgood. Rev. James Townley. Francis Townsend, Esq. Herald. Rev. Dr. Thomas Townson. Rev. George Travis, Archdeacon. Rev. Dr. John Trusler. Rev. Dr. Josiah Tucker, Dean of Gloucester. Marmaduke Cuthbert Tunstall, Esq. Mark Cephas Tutet, Esq. Rev. Thomas Twining, Thomas Tyers, Esq. Thomas Tyrwhitt, Esq. Rev. Michael Tyson. H. W. Tytler, M. D. General Charles Vallancey. Rev. Dr. William Vincent, Dean of Westminster. Rev. Gilbert Wakefield. Mr. Francis Godolphin Waldron. Adam Walker, Esq. Mr. John Walker, Grammarian. Joseph Cooper Walker, Esq. Rev. John Wallis. Hon. Horace Walpole, E. of Orford. John Ward, LL. D. Dr. Edward Waring, Professor. Rev. Dr. John Warner. Dr. John Warren, Bishop of Bangor. Rev. Dr. Joseph Warton. Rev. Thomas Warton. Rev. John Watson, Halifax. Sir William Watson, M. D. Francis Webb, Esq. D.Wells, Esq. Burbach (OhservatorJ . William Charles Wells, M. D. Rev. John Wesley. Mr. Joseph Weston, Solihull. Mr. Richard Weston, Botanist. Rev. Peter Whalley. Rev. John Whitaker, Manchester. Samuel Whitbread, Esq. Thomas White, Esq. Naturalist. Rev. Gilbert White, Selborne. Rev. Joseph White, D. D. Professor. Caleb Whitefoord, Esq. William Whitehead, Esq. John Wilkes, Esq. John Eardley Wilmot, Esq. Ralph Willett, Esq. David Williams, Esq. John Williamson, Esq. Benjamin Wilson, Esq. Mr. George Witchell, Portsmouth. William Withering, M. D. Michael Wodhull, Esq. (L. L.J Rev. Dr. C. G. Woide. Mr. Isaac Wood, Shrewsbury. Mr. William Woodfall. Samuel Pipe Wolferstan, Esq. Rev. William Woolston, Adderbury. Mr. William Woty. Daniel Wray, Esq. Rev. Dr. Paul Wright. Arthur Young, Esq. Rev. Dr. Zouch. PREFACE. Ixxix In p. xvii. I have mentioned, on the authority of Sir John Hawkins, that the price given by Mr. Robert Dodsley for "London," Johnson's First Imitation of Juvenal, wsLsJifti/ pounds. But Mr. Boswell says, " The fact is, that, at a future conference, Dodsley bargained for the whole property of it, for which he gave Johnson ten guineas ,- who told me, ' I might, perhaps, have accepted of less ; but that Paul Whitehead had a little before got ten guineas for a Poem ; and I did not like to be less than Whitehead.' " — For " The Vanity of Human Wishes," his second Imitation of Juvenal, in 1749, with all the fame which he had acquired, it is certain that he received o\'\\y fifteen guineas, P. XX. There were two persons of the name of Macbeany Alexander and William ; they were both good scholars, and both were employed by the Booksellers ; but I cannot distinguish which was the one who was honoured by Dr. Johnson's protection ; nor can I discover any thing further of the history of either. In p. xxix. I have stated, correctly, that there is no Preface to that Year's Volume ; but in the first page of the Magazine for May, was introduced the following Johnsonian Address : " It is with a mixture of compassion and indignation, that we condescend to continue the dispute with the Authors and Pub- lishers of the London Magazine. To be engaged in a contest with such Antagonists, as it is no honour to overcome, is very dis- gusting ; and what honour can be gained by writing against those who cannot read ? There may, indeed, be some use in this mock controversy. We may, perhaps, be better prepared for a defence, if some abler Adversary should at any time attack us ; as the Roman soldiers in time of peace used to preserve their dexterity by discharging their javelins at a post. " Yet, perhaps, the deplorable stupidity of the Writers b}^ whom it is our fate to be opposed, is so far from making the con- troversy more easy to be carried on in a proper manner, that it often produces difficulties and perplexities. To treat weakness and folly with severity and roughness, would be thought insolent and cruel ; to use softer language and argument without satire, might probably encourage them to be less diffident of themselves, and consequently more troublesome to the world. " We are, indeed, for the most part inclined to lenity, and wish to still their clamours by gentle means ; but, since they seem absolutely insensible of our forbearance, we shall for once have recourse to severity, and prevail upon ourselves, in oppo- sition to our natural tenderness, to punish them by re-publishing their own papers, without any alteration, except marking a few pretty words in Italicks. " The following Postscript was drawn up by the Secretary of their Political Club, the greatest Genius in the whole Society, IXXX PREFACE. and a kind of Giant among Pigmies. We should think it, in general, by no means pardonable to make so despicable a Scribbler the object of ridicule ; but hope a little merriment may be decently indulged, when he ventures to assume an air of supe- riority and contempt ; when he runs away with triumph and ex- ultation, and hides his head with the arrogance of a conqueror. " ' An Exti^aordinary Postscript in the last London Magazine [1739],/?. 117. " ' I find by some Advertisements lately published in the News Papers, that Mr. Urban has been pleased to publish some Criticisms upon the Ac- counts I have sent you of the Debates in the Political Club. For this Reason I must desire you will acquaint the Publick, that 1 never read any Thing he publishes ; nor ever hear of any Thing he publishes, in the whole Circle of my Acquaintance ; which makes me conclude, that his Monthly Bundle of Galimatias is neither purchased nor read by any Man of common Sense in the Kingdom : Therefore, I shall not give myself the Trouble to read, and much less to answer any Criticisms he may, in order to fill up, find necessary to publish ,• for, if they are read by any Man of common Understanding, which I can hardly believe possible, he will easily discover the Falshood or Absurdity of the Criticism ; and as Fools generally favour one another, I know it is impossible to persuade them that their Brother is in a Mistake.—' " N. B. This Postscript is published by the Secretary^ to con- fute P. S's Criticism in the Gentleman^ s Magazine [1739], p. 92, and to justify what himself had asserted in the London Magazine Qi February y p. 62, that d is not sounded in Cold and Bold." P. xlix. Two little Jeux d^esprits of Mr. Edward Cave are printed in Vol. LXIV. pp. 41, 303. P. lii. The Rev. Moses Browne died Sept. 13, 1787. See Vol. LVII. p. 840 ; and an inscription to his memory, p. 932. The present Editor cannot conclude this desultory Preface without returning the most grateful acknowledgments to his numerous and learned Correspondents for favours which are equally the support and honour of the Gentleman's Maga- zine: amongst whom are some of the brightest Ornaments of the Episcopal and Judicial Benches ; of the Colleges of Phy- sicians and Surgeons ; of all the Universities ; and of almost every Scientific Society in the Empire. March 12, 1821. J. N. \ Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: Nov. 2007 PreservationTechnologies A WORLD LEADER IN COLLECTIONS PRESERVATION 111 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724)779-2111