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 Published Monthly. By Subscription, $1.20 Per Annum. December. 1P94. 
 Entered at the New Yort Post Office as Second-Class Matter. Copyright, 1894, by F. M. Lcpton. 
 

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phrBnoIogiJ Blade Ea^ij. 
 
 By JAMES COATES Ph. D., F.A.S., 
 (^Member of the British Phrenological Association^ JEJtc.^ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 However well-started in life a man 
 may be, he must to a certain extent be 
 self-made. He must feel the innate 
 aspiration of using the talents be- 
 stowed upon him. 
 
 Original capabilities are certainly 
 bestowed by nature, yet, however 
 great, they produce very little unless 
 carefully cultivated. Nature bestows 
 on all of us four-fold more talent than 
 we develop by culture ; bestows a vast 
 amount of mentality which lies dormant 
 for want of a true system of self-edu- 
 cation ; one founded on the science of 
 mind. Phrenology brings us to under- 
 stand the individual function of all the 
 faculties, and by it to put them into 
 appropriate language and action. It 
 shows to each who would know how 
 to strengthen his talents, how to pro- 
 ceed ; and to those with poor opportu- 
 nities how to outstrip the wealthy 
 educated classes, who have had every 
 advantage. It also tells those who 
 have already acquired a profession, 
 how to sharpen their attainments and 
 perfect their intellectual possii)ilities. 
 
 The interesting volume before us 
 embraces a series of lectures on the 
 practical side of phrenology. Hints 
 
 to the student of mental science, which 
 are included in " Applied Phren- 
 ology," regarding various classes of 
 heads. The Second Lecture deals with 
 the important subject of " Measure- 
 ments." From the " Size " of heads 
 the writer verj^ suitably passes to the 
 " Form " of heads, and what the stu- 
 dent is to learn therefrom. " Health " 
 forms also a valuable chapter to the 
 book, as also pathological researches. 
 As we come to the Fourth Lecture we 
 are drawn into the " Consultation 
 Room," and are given a digest of what 
 the latter should be ; and, lastly, the 
 writer has explained many of the 
 queries which have come before his 
 notice as a practical phrenologist. 
 
 We predict for the book a wide sale 
 and no small amount of benefit to the 
 searcher of practical science. 
 
 L. N. Fowler. 
 
 APPLIED PHRENOLOGY.— 
 OPENING LECTURE. 
 
 It has been recognized that one of 
 the most serious difficulties the stu- 
 dent of i)hrenology meets in the course 
 of his reading and investigation is the 
 lack of information afforded by his 
 text books or by his favqrite authors 
 on " Applied Phrenology." He is 
 
PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 
 
 yourself with knowing man, than of 
 setting yourself up to dictate what he 
 should be ; for he will be materialist- 
 ically, spiritually, morally, or other- 
 wise inclined, in spite of you. Ac- 
 cording to his organization and phren- 
 ological development so shall he be. 
 
 Avoid scanning the skies of your 
 subject, assuming pedantic airs when 
 you should walk with more humble 
 assurance among your fellows. Study 
 heads and faces. Never assume more 
 than your knowledge of Human Na- 
 ture through your phrenology war- 
 rants. Keep the cui bono of your sci- 
 ence and the art of its application ever 
 before you, and thu-s render phrenol- 
 og}^ doubly valuable to yourself — in 
 the reading of character, and the les- 
 sons you derive therefrom — and to 
 others, while estimating theirs. You 
 will thus lead and advise them to what- 
 ever practical good is to be obtained 
 by submitting themselves to your ex- 
 amination. When you examine a 
 head, if possible, never state a doubt- 
 ful opinion, or should you at any time 
 do so, give your reasons to the person 
 examined. Most people will appreci- 
 ate your candor. 
 
 The eyes of the world, i.e., those 
 who read your books, listen to your 
 lectures, consult you for advice, your 
 assistants, servants, wife, and children, 
 all your world, will be upon you, ever 
 ready to test the soundness of your 
 views, the value of your examinations 
 by their approximation to the truth, 
 and their general practicability. Your 
 mistakes (as a professional phrenolo- 
 gist) will be looked upon as proof pos- 
 itive of the insufticieney of phrenology 
 
 to accomplish that which as a science 
 it claims to be able to achieve, viz., 
 that phrenology is not only the science 
 of the mind — mental science, par ex- 
 cellence — but its methods are the best 
 for discerning or reading character. 
 
 When setting yourself the task of 
 delineating character, remember you 
 are human, liable to err in your appli- 
 cation of phrenological data, through 
 your own impressionability. As on 
 the ocean unknown currents — or cur- 
 rents known, for whose influence suf- 
 ficient reckoning has not been made — 
 have shipwrecked many a noble vessel, 
 so have dominating personal influ- 
 ences, such as positive, magnetic na- 
 tures, consciously or otherwise, af- 
 fected the judgment of some phrenolo- 
 gists as to lead them to depart from 
 the observance of the sure charts of 
 this science, to make grave shipwreck 
 of their hopes in their earlier voyages 
 of phrenological discovery. To re- 
 duce the liability of error to a mini- 
 mum, eliminate as much as possible 
 all feelings of personal likes and dis- 
 likes (of the " Doctor Fell " order) to 
 the person examined. Friends and 
 critics, etc., are most likely those whom 
 you may be called upon to examine 
 first; with them and all others take 
 the platform of benevolent neutrality. 
 Remember none are so bad as they are 
 painted, and none so good as they 
 should be. Act as an entirely neutral 
 party. Albeit, consulted profession- 
 ally, express your opinions honestly, 
 according to your legal phrenological 
 attainments, without flattery, fear, or 
 favor. The formation of such a man- 
 ner, — strict faithfulness to the princi» 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 pies of the science : truthfulness in 
 the expression of yonv opinions, de- 
 scription of character, nature of your 
 advice, what not — adopted so early in 
 your career, will be invaluable, and in 
 the course of time will give you a 
 name respected and honored, worthy 
 of the science you love, and of which 
 you now seek to be a professional ex- 
 ponent. 
 
 Your delineations of character may 
 be given in this order. Tell the per- 
 sons examined, 1st, What they are, 
 what they are not ; 2nd, what they 
 should be, what they ought to have 
 been and were not ; 3rd, what they 
 can do and do not ; 4th, what they 
 have done, and do, and should not ; 
 5th, what they will be able to do if 
 they make the requisite effort ; 6th, 
 what they should cultivate and re- 
 strain. In a word, what they are and 
 what they should be. 
 
 In your examinations, never hesi- 
 tate to say what phrenology says, or 
 what you think it says. Absolute 
 certainty can only be attained by 
 years of experience in practical phre- 
 nology. By absolute I mean as abso- 
 lute as any certainty of variable quan- 
 tities can be in this world. Be care- 
 ful and even painstaking in your ex- 
 aminations before giving expression to 
 your opinions, no matter how intuitive, 
 however almost sure. Never jump to 
 conclusions, or say ought you believe 
 your examination has not justified. 
 When not sure, do not consider it an 
 clement of weakness to carefully re-ex- 
 amine the head, as necessary either to 
 sulistantiate your views or to correct 
 them ; and finally, never allow the 
 
 looks or hints of friends, onlookers, or 
 of the person examined, to influence 
 you. 
 
 You must interpret the character by 
 the phrenology of the individual, and 
 by no other method, however easy, 
 gratifying, and apparently sure. Phil- 
 osophically and practically, there is 
 no safety outside of phrenology. It 
 is the true science of mind, " every 
 other system is defective in enumerat- 
 ing, classifying and telling the rela- 
 tions of the faculties. It undertakes 
 to accomplish for man what philosophy 
 performs for the external world. It 
 claims to disclose the real state of 
 things." It reveals man to himself. 
 The student of mental science, as dem- 
 onstrated by phrenology, cannot be 
 ignorant of himself. This knowledge 
 increases his responsibility, enlarges 
 the area of his usefulness, and en- 
 hances his conception of the nobility 
 of manhood. In and by it, he sees hu- 
 man nature as it is, glories in its great- 
 ness and trembles for its weaknesses. 
 This self-knowledge is the sum of all 
 knowledge. It is to know self, to know 
 man, the epitome of the Universe. 
 Phrenology has been claimed as the 
 hand-maid of Christianity, the key to 
 the Bible and Human Nature. I do 
 not think that the claim is an exag- 
 gerated or excessive one. 
 
 As phrenologists (students of self 
 or of your fellow-men) you have em« 
 barked on a noble mission and career. 
 Your reward may not be in the ap. 
 plause of man, in the coin of the realm, 
 in j)()sition, dignities, or c^ratified ani' 
 bition. Its professorshii)s may not b<' 
 attached to our seats of learuin* 
 
rHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 Nevertheless your study is a fascinat- 
 ing one ; its rewards are more genuine, 
 more lasting, than those of the world. 
 If j'ou are enabled by your profession" 
 to make the mechanic the better man, 
 the man the better mechanic, and all 
 with yourself more noble and true, 
 your mission to others and your work 
 for yourself will not have been in vain. 
 You will be rewarded in your very dif- 
 ficulties and struggles, for they shall 
 be like the blows of the blacksmith on 
 the tj'res of the wheel, each blow per- 
 fecting its construction ; so will every 
 difficulty fit you for your true work. 
 
 To resume: In going through life 
 use your eyes. Phrenology is essen- 
 tially a science of observation ; observ- 
 ation must perfect it, observation alone 
 can detect where its methods or modes 
 of application are faulty. While us- 
 ing your eyes, bring into play all the 
 faculties represented by the organs of 
 the anterior and coronal brain. Per- 
 ception, to take cognizance pf external 
 things, such as the ph3^siology, form? 
 configuration, coarseness or fineness, 
 quantity and quality of the -or- 
 ganization. The knowing faculties, 
 to recall the facts observed, configura- 
 tions and illustration, principles of 
 phrenology studied and their applica- 
 tion to the facts observed, comparison 
 and induction, to give a reason for the 
 hope that is within you, the why and 
 wherefore of your conclusions, based 
 on what you have observed. Intuition,, 
 and your spiritual or moral nature, to 
 aid you in penetrating below the sur- 
 face of 3'our observed facts, for re- 
 member, you are dealing, not with 
 sticks and stones, nor merely with 
 
 flesh and bones, but with sentient be- 
 ings lilie 3'^ourself, whom you are en- 
 deavoring to know something about, 
 to penetrate, to read by the outward 
 and visible signs of their inward spir- 
 itual grace, such as temperament and 
 quality of organization, form of body, 
 contour of brain, as represented by 
 the phj^siology, shape of head, facial 
 form and expression. You will seek 
 to ascertain by these signs whether 
 they are living or merely assisting in 
 their propensities, or in their propen- 
 sities and intellectual faculties, in their 
 moral and intellectual faculties ; or in 
 what way their real life jor soul mani- 
 fests itself. You will proceed with 
 your investigations, by observation 
 and reflection, until no fact, no partic- 
 ular, escapes notice, or is considered 
 too small to be recognized as a physi- 
 cal factor, determining and demonstra- 
 ting character. 
 
 In shop, market, church, religious 
 and political assembly, in friend or 
 servant, ever be on the outlook for 
 phrenological information. Pay spe- 
 cial attention to the eccentric, peculiar, 
 loud voiced, to whisperers, to the pre- 
 tentious, affected, to the celebrated and 
 notorious who may fall within the 
 range of your vision. Keenly observe 
 every move or manner, and as far as 
 3"0U can, without personal manipula- 
 tion, but by observation merely, en- 
 deavor to ascertain how far such and 
 such characteristics arc made appar- 
 ent in the craniolog3^ of those observed, 
 not omitting to notice such modif3ing 
 influences as health, temperament, or 
 quality. Again, caroftiUv notice the 
 habits and mannerisms of children, if 
 
i'JiUK:sOLOUl' JIADK EAiSY. 
 
 possible when unobserved by them ; 
 or when doting mothers are enlarging 
 on the muumerable qualities of their 
 beloved offspring, carefully scrutinize 
 the formation of the heads of these lit- 
 tle ones, and then draw your own 
 mental conclusions. By no means 
 neglect in your investigations the con- 
 duct and mannerisms of so-called or- 
 dinary folk, of whom the world — our 
 world — is i^rincipally made up ; and 
 finally, take special note of the es- 
 teemed, and the vicious and crim- 
 inal. Having acted upon the pre- 
 ceding hints, and trained your facul- 
 ties of observation and powers of de- 
 duction as much as possible, then com- 
 mence to train your fingers to aid 
 your eyesight and judgment, by ex- 
 amining all the heads you can get to 
 examine. Do not hurry in your ex- 
 aminations, and whenever you come 
 in contact with developments similar 
 to those, or approximating those you 
 have observed or read about, and may 
 have seen illustrated, see to it how far 
 similar characteristics of craniology 
 are borne out by similar characteristics 
 of manner and habit, and in what de- 
 gree. In this way you will cultivate 
 what might be termed the physiog- 
 nomy of phrenology, and in time, from 
 form of face predicate form of head, 
 and vice vt^rm^ and from either the 
 character. Avail yourself of every 
 method of arriving at character, but 
 princii)ally rely upon what we esteem 
 pure phrenological methods. 
 
 " To read character correctly, it is 
 absolutely necessary to take into con- 
 sideration, not only the organs ol" the 
 brain, their size, function, and combin- 
 
 ation, but the stock, health, tempera- 
 ment, educiiUon, and culture of the in- 
 dividual as well. In a word quality 
 as well as quantit}'." In the foregoing 
 you have the essence of practical 
 phrenology. If you desire to be a suc- 
 cessful reader of character, 3'ou must 
 aim to convert theory into practice. 
 No hard and fast rules can be laid 
 down. As a practitioner, 3'ou must 
 adopt those methods 3'ou find by prac- 
 tice and experience to be the best ; 
 but to aid 3'ou, I will indicate those 
 methods which I have found to be 
 most useful. 
 
 As an examiner, in practice, it is 
 not only necessary to " know what 
 you know," but to be able to " say 
 what 3'ou know " in the most direct 
 manner, not only in such a way as to 
 be pleasing and satisfactory to your- 
 self, but also to be thoroughly under- 
 stood and appreciated by the person 
 examined. It must therefore be ex- 
 pressed according to the ability, intel- 
 ligence, receptivity, and character of 
 your client. This is most important 
 in the delineation of character. By 
 it, or by the want of it, the tyro in 
 phrenology, the glib utteror of phreno- 
 logical i)hrases, will be detected and 
 distinguished from the true phrenol- 
 ogist. 
 
 Having carefully examined the head, 
 and taken special note of those other 
 oonditions of quality, etc., it is now 
 necessary to express 3'our views ; but 
 in doing so, I do not think it advisable 
 to inform your i)atron that such and 
 such an organ is large, or that it is 
 small, according to the usual formula, 
 viz: " bciit'volence is very large, there- 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 fore," etc., *' amativeness is large, 
 therefore," etc., "self-esteem is small, 
 therefore," etc. This is the method of 
 beginners. Whatever conclusion as to 
 character a phrenologist comes to, 
 from seeing *' benevolence very large," 
 " amativeness large," and " self-esteem 
 small," the mental process by which 
 he arrives at the sum total of charac- 
 ter need not be expressed. The stat- 
 ing that such and such an organ is 
 large, and another small, may be 
 pleasing to the young examiner, and 
 gratifying to the person examined, but 
 it is of no practical value. Moreover 
 it is misleading to the person exam- 
 ined, meaning anything or nothing, 
 and, like the utterances of ancient 
 oracles, susceptible of double interpre- 
 tations. For instance it is well known 
 that a man may have " large benevo- 
 lence " and not be benevolent. It is 
 therefore misleading to say to a per- 
 son, " Sir, I find you have large 
 benevolence," when in all probability 
 his benevolence may be but the ap- 
 pendage of his vanity, the outcome of 
 his desire, to acquire for himself a 
 good name, praise, position; or his 
 benevolence may be but a safety 
 valve to his selfishness and love of 
 ease. He gives because " he hates to 
 be bothered," " can't stand a row," or 
 " woman's tears." " He has no time 
 for investigation : better give them 
 something and let them go ; " and last 
 though not least, " anything for peace 
 sake," and so on. Upon such hollow- 
 ness and a little cash he poses as a 
 philanthropist — a benevolent man. In 
 Fact character cannot be predicated 
 on the existence of a single organ 
 
 unless indeed its predominance over- 
 shadow the whole. A man of large 
 " self-esteem " may not be proud, but 
 with " secretiveness " reserved, with 
 " conscientiousness " and the appro- 
 priate support of the intellectual 
 organs, dignified and just. 
 
 A phrenologist should of all persons 
 be clear, definite, and just, neither 
 mercilessly critical as some are, who 
 think it is their duty to be everlast- 
 ingly fault-finding, or fulsome and 
 " buttery," as others are, *' who are 
 afraid to hurt feelings," and " who de- 
 sire to make the most of a person's 
 qualities, to encourage them," at the 
 same time abstaining from fully stat- 
 ing their failings, lest they should lose 
 their support and patronage, or that of 
 their friends. Nor should the phren- 
 ologist be a mere numerical " bump- 
 feeler," one who takes a numerical and 
 alphabetical round of the organs in 
 order that he may oracularly inform 
 his client of his knowledge of their lo- 
 cation and size. All such methods 
 should be avoided by the phrenological 
 aspirant as unworthy of a science 
 which more than any other speaks with 
 certain sound as the guide of man and 
 the interpreter of his nature. 
 
 In examining, keep the relative size, 
 largeness, fullness, smallness, etc., of 
 the various organs and their groups in 
 3^our mind, mentally combining or bal- 
 ancing the same to the best of your 
 ability. Then give the result of your 
 reflections in simple English to your 
 visitor. You can point out whether 
 they are imaginative, inventive, exec- 
 utive, logical, argumentative, affection- 
 ate, respectful, truthful, ambitious, 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 courageous, moral or immoral, sly, 
 economical, musical, or mathematical, 
 possessing a good memory or not, 
 where most active, or most lacking. 
 All this can be expressed in a straight- 
 forward, courteous, telling, earnest 
 wa}', and will do more for phrenology, 
 for yourself, and the person examined, 
 than by the other method referred to. 
 AVhy ? You speak to the comprehen- 
 sion of the individual, to his or her 
 knowledge of themselves, and to the 
 reason — understanding — by facts, com- 
 imrison, and illustrations, etc. Hav- 
 ing gained the intellectual assent and 
 confidence of the person by this mode 
 of procedure, they will be all the more 
 ready to benefit themselves by such 
 advice as you have tendered and have 
 deemed most suitable for them. 
 
 So much for reading character ; but 
 your reading will not be complete un- 
 less you give good advice therewith, 
 according to the circumstances arising 
 for its necessit}^ The simplest and 
 most direct wa}' to give advice, would 
 be, 1st : To refer to health as affected 
 by temperamental conditions and char- 
 acter, or character as affected b}^ tem- 
 peramental conditions and health. 
 What conditions or course of habit 
 will be most conducive to beneficial re- 
 sults, health, vigor, stamina, etc. 
 Bearing in mind " that tone of mind 
 is dependent upon vigor of organiza- 
 tion.'* Whatever improves or deteri- 
 orates the latter, must be beneficial or 
 l)rejudicial to the former. Then refer- 
 ence can be made to those organs (by 
 name, now, if you like) whose actions 
 are excessive, or comparatively inef- 
 fectual. Commence at the domestic 
 
 instincts or faculties, and work along 
 the base of the brain, upwards, side- 
 ways, and forward on the head, mak- 
 ing mention of the organs upon which 
 3'ou wish to call special attention. 
 Thus, you might have to say, " Self- 
 esteem is not so full as it might be t< 
 your advantage ; endeavor to bear tlii.s 
 in mind and place a higher estimate on 
 yourself .. . . endeavor, etc,'' or 
 proceed to dwell on the importance of 
 self-esteem as a sentiment, its value in 
 giving dignity, resolution, quiet force, 
 and decision to character, etc. 
 
 Again, " Approbativeness is an ac- 
 tive and leading organ in your head. 
 Your comparative want of " self- 
 esteem " is unfortunate. You are am- 
 bitious, desire to be made much of, 
 (praised, flattered, petted). You are 
 too much influenced by censure or 
 praise. You want quiet force and de- 
 cision, etc." You may show where 
 " approbativeness " is liable to perver- 
 sion ; *' the danger arising from undue \ 
 sensitiveness ; love of attention," etc., 
 when such remarks are necessary, and 
 so on, with such combinations as may 
 demand some words of warning and 
 guidance. For example, moderate 
 "self-esteem," large " approbative- 
 ness," "cautiousness," " secretiveness," 
 large " firmness," average " conscien- 
 tiousness," and large "acquisitive- 
 ness," are not at all improbable combi- 
 nations. A thousand other combina- 
 tions of more intricate character will 
 arrest your attention as 3'ou grow more 
 observant and more experienced, and 
 will demand solution at your hands. 
 
 In this way by calling attention to 
 the organs and their location, you can 
 
10 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 point out, what to cultivate, and what 
 to restrain and how, in the most direct 
 and advantageous manner. When giv- 
 ing your concluding advice you may 
 with mutual benefit mention certain 
 l)ooks, (which 3'ou may introduce) as 
 suited for the instruction and well- 
 being of the person examined. Some- 
 times there may be habits of such a 
 character, that your delicacy, position, 
 or that of the person examined, or the 
 presence of other persons at the exam- 
 ination, may make it difficult for you 
 to sa}' an3^thing in a pointed or judi- 
 cious way to the patient.* The difii- 
 culty may be solved by strongly ad- 
 vising your client to read such and 
 such a book. It matters little whether 
 the work is on phrenology, tobacco, or 
 matrimon5', as long as the subject mat- 
 ter of the books recommended, either 
 gives the advice you want to give, or 
 adequately supports the advice you 
 have already given. 
 
 Be faithful, never flatter, never 
 speak simply to please yourself or 
 gratify the vanity of your visitor. 
 Never give foolish advice, " be sober- 
 minded " and diligent in business. Do 
 not expect of men and women other 
 than their organization and brain de- 
 velopment seem to indicate. At the 
 same time do all you can to foster 
 and encourage the good, the noble and 
 true in all who come under your hands, 
 by dwelling on future development in 
 intelligence, morals, or character, busi- 
 ness or professional success possible to 
 each, through the cultivation or re- 
 
 * It is important as the plirenologist acquires 
 the ability to sive Hyji;enlc advice, that he should 
 do so, and in the delineation of character to ojiiit 
 uotliing vvhicli should be spoken about. 
 
 straint of certain faculties, etc. Do 
 not allow yourself to be misled by 
 false or pretentious mannerisms but 
 trace these characteristics at once to 
 their seat in the brain, and account 
 or allow for their influence at true 
 value. 
 
 Other suggestions may be given 
 here in^ passing. Always be self-pos- 
 sessed, collected, speak in the name of 
 phrenology, eliminate the personal, 
 and remember you are standing on a 
 neutral platform. Be free and smooth 
 of speech, adopt an illustrative, rather 
 than an argumentative st3de of matter 
 and manner in address. For one per- 
 son who can appreciate a logical dis- 
 quisition, ten thousand can appreciate 
 the beauty of an illustration. Your 
 work is to educate the masses, to lead 
 them from what they think they 
 know, to what you know of them , of 
 human nature and its possibilities, at 
 least from your standpoint. For plain- 
 ness and directness of speech, sound 
 English, you have in John Bright or 
 C. H. Spurgeon most notable examples : 
 what one has achieved in politics and 
 the other in theolog}", j^ou ma}^ honor- 
 ably strive to do for phrenology. 
 
 As a public speaker, don't read 
 papers (although writing makes an 
 exact man). Study your subject well, 
 make use of headings or notes if you 
 will (use as few quotations as possible, 
 and when you do let them be accurate). 
 Deliver yourself in homely, simple, 
 and ever^^day language. Speak to the 
 people, not at them. Don't go out of 
 your way to pulverize your opponents. 
 State your truths and illustrate your 
 facts, and when you can, avoid technic- 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EA^Y. 
 
 11 
 
 alities. If compelled to employ them, 
 without apology to 3'our audience or 
 making use of the pedantic " that is," 
 explain what you mean briefly and 
 clearly. 
 
 The style of address used in the con- 
 sulting room should be continued on 
 the platform. Before commencing to 
 lecture it is advisable to be well pro- 
 vided with diagrams, busts, and por- 
 traits of well-known persons, celebrated 
 or notorious, and a good phrenological 
 set illustrative of the temperaments 
 and the organs. You can then lecture 
 to the eye as well as to the ear. You 
 will thus double 3'our audience and se- 
 cure four-fold attention. As to matter 
 of lecture, just seek to drive home 
 phrenological facts in their varied ap- 
 plications ; and last, though not least, 
 aim to secure professional patronage. 
 If you succeed in the first, you are 
 most likely to succeed in the latter. 
 A man may be a good lecturer and an 
 indifferent examiner. In this latter 
 department you must aim at being as 
 perfect as possible. It is here you 
 must make your reputation as a 
 practical man. " A real helper to your 
 fellows." Of course the more actual 
 knowledge you possess of life, close 
 contact with your fellows, habits, inter- 
 ests, and of trades, professions, the 
 better you will thereby ])e fitted for 
 3^ our work. 
 
 Now as a further preliminary to 
 practical work giind yourself well on 
 the general principles of phrenology as 
 set forth in the books you have read. 
 Seek less to harmonize the diirereiices 
 between authorities (which are trilling 
 indeed considering the recent growth 
 
 of the science) than by personal inves- 
 tigation to satisfy your mind of the 
 truth of these principles. Also be care- 
 ful to extend your reading as oppor- 
 tunity ma}' afford. 
 
 First. — Make j-ourself proficient in 
 the location of the organs and their 
 groups, on the living head (always 
 bearing in mind that the faculties of 
 the mind related to each other are rep- 
 resented by organs grouped together 
 in the brain) so as to be able to point 
 out unerring!}^ the location of any 
 organ at a moment's notice. 
 
 Second. — So as to be able to ap- 
 proximate to the exact size without 
 the use of tape, accustom your ej^e 
 to take measurements. If j'^ou were an 
 artist, 3'ou would not take out "a two- 
 foot rule," or tape line, to take the 
 dimensions of a lad^^'s nose before you 
 painted her portrait. Neither should 
 3'ou require to do so in order to paint 
 her mental portrait. While thus 
 training the eye, there are some meas- 
 urements which you might take to ad- 
 vantage, such as, 1st : The circum- 
 ference measurement. Pass tape round 
 the head over " individuality " " de- 
 structivencss," and " parental love." 
 2nd : The coronal height of head. 
 Take your measurement from tlie 
 lower side of the orifice of the ear {n) 
 — meatus audilus — to the correspond- 
 ing point on the other side of the head, 
 over (/) " firmness." Measure from 
 the lower side of the root of the nose 
 (/>) to the lower side of the occipital 
 spine (c), over individuality, eventu- 
 ality, firmness and j^arental love. 
 These three measurements will give 
 you a fairly adequate idea of the 
 
12 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 volume of the brain. Additional 
 measurements can be taken such as 
 anteriorly, from ear to ear, over indi- 
 viduality, to get the length or volume 
 
 1. — Moral and Intellectual Type 
 OP Head. 
 
 Professor Drummond. 
 
 (Author of " Natural Law in the 
 Spiritual World:') 
 
 of perceptive brain, inferior anterior 
 lobes, and from ear to ear, over 
 causality, for the length or volume of 
 reflective brain, superior anterior lobes. 
 These measurements will be referred to 
 in my next lecture. 
 
 * In taking the frontal measurement over In- 
 dividuality, 13 to 14 inches represents anterior 
 lobes of great power, lesser measurements in 
 lesser proportion, 12J4 inches, a good head, 12 full, 
 11 average, 10 or 9, etc., cabbies, ostlers, servants, 
 and the non-governing groups of humanity. 
 
 The average size of the head of an 
 adult male (British) is 22 inches in 
 circumference, with length and coronal 
 height about 14^'', as in measurements 
 1, a/a and bfc. This size I would 
 mark on register, 4 or average ; 22^ 
 inches with corresponding length and 
 height, I should mark 5 or full ; 23^ 6 
 or large ; 23 j or 24, 7 or very large ; 
 21, 3 or moderate; 20 inches, 2 or 
 small. For an inch less in circumfer- 
 ence, with corresponding measurement 
 in length and height, I would give the 
 same mark to the female head. There 
 is in practice a difficulty here, as much 
 will depend upon what register or 
 chart you mark, how far full, large or 
 small, may represent the state of 
 
 II. — Well-Balanced Type op Head. 
 
 President Payne, of Nashville Uni« 
 versity. 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 13 
 
 -things in reality. In this you must be 
 guided by observation and your innate 
 common-sense. It is advisable, when- 
 ever you can, to either give a full ver- 
 bal delineation of character, or a care- 
 full}' written one. In either case you 
 will be in the best position to state 
 what you think. Charts, registers, 
 however carefully marked, are, to third 
 parties who were not present at the 
 examination, misleading. 
 
 As a phrenologist, you will take into 
 account all the influences as repre- 
 sented by health, temperament, and 
 organic quality. Physiognomy, hab- 
 its, mannerism, and what not, are not 
 absolutely necessary' , but form useful 
 auxiliaries in estimating character. 
 Nevertheless, the size of the brain and 
 its form, as a whole, is the rock upon 
 which you must take your stand. 
 
 Size and form of the head as a 
 whole, and size and form of the head 
 in parts, may be estimated thus : Take 
 a side view of the head, and you may 
 divide that view into three parts or 
 hypothetical regions thus : 1. As the 
 region of the moral and aspiring facul- 
 ties — as that part of the head above 
 an imaginary line drawn from the up- 
 per part of (com)parison to the upper 
 part of continuity, ^ or | of an inch 
 from the apex of the occipital bone o 
 a. 2. As the region of intellect — that 
 anterior part of the head in front of a 
 line drawn down from " cautiousness " 
 to " alimentiveness." 3. The region 
 of the domestic or social, and self-pro- 
 tective instincts in that posterior and 
 basilier portion of the head, not in- 
 cluded in regions 1 and 2. View these 
 regions again from the back, front, and 
 
 top of the head, so as to form a fair 
 estimate of their size or volume. Now 
 having an insight into a man's tem- 
 perament, health, activity, excitability, 
 quality of organization, with a careful 
 note of the size and form of the brain 
 as a whole, and the form, or predomi- 
 nance of anyone of these parts, etc., 
 you have at once the ability to grasp 
 the bias and the leading traits of your 
 patron's character. Facility, in esti- 
 mating details in character, will come 
 to you as you acquire power to still 
 further analyze these regions into their 
 more minute sub-divisions. 
 
 APPLIED PHRENOLOGY—SEC- 
 OND LECTURE. 
 
 In my last lecture I desired to im- 
 press upon you that size (and form) 
 of the brain is the rock upon which 
 you must take your stand. In this I 
 shall treat the subject more fully. All 
 truly great men have great or large 
 heads, but all men having great or 
 large heads are not great men. Here 
 you have in a nutshell a practical il- 
 lustration of what we mean by quan- 
 tity and quality. In the first class of 
 heads, represented by trul}- great men 
 you have not only volume, weight, or 
 quantity of brain, but you have fine- 
 ness of texture or quality as well. In 
 the latter class, you have the quantity 
 minus the quality. In practice you 
 will find every type of head between 
 these indicated. But in no instance 
 will you find ought to mitigate or un- 
 dermine the essential principle of 
 phrenology, as indicated throughout 
 nature, viz., " Size, other things being 
 
14 
 
 rURENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 equal, is the measure of power." Con- 
 sequently phrenologists are able to 
 tell from the size of an organ, its 
 power of manifestation ; and from the 
 energy of its manifestation, its rela- 
 tive size. 
 
 I cannot impress this too strongly 
 upon you that size is one of the most 
 important factors in estimating ihental 
 ability, disposition, or character. You 
 will never find intellectual meiij whose 
 heads measure less than 21 inches in 
 
 circumference, and less than 
 
 lOA- 
 
 inches from ear to ear, over individu- 
 ality, even with fineness in quality. 
 You may find smartness, memory for 
 words, capacity for " cribbing " and 
 the diluting of other men's ideas, con- 
 siderable dexterity, manipulative 
 power, and eveil artistic and musical 
 tastes, but no originality, and certainly 
 no strength of intellect, with such a 
 brain. 22 inches is a good average 
 size measurement for an adult male 
 head, 22 J inches for the North Ameri- 
 can, Canadian, German, and Anglo- 
 Celtic, and Anglo-Saxon head. You 
 will find that the inhabitants of colder 
 countries have heavier brains and 
 larger heads (due allowance being 
 made for fat and integuments, which 
 are generally fuller and heavier in 
 these heads than those belonging to 
 people of more Southern latitudes). 
 
 In these regions the struggle for ex- 
 istence is not so great ; therefore in- 
 ventiveness, constructiveness, exiecu- 
 tiveness, and the offensive, defensive, 
 and sustaining faculties of the mind 
 are not so much called forth iii that 
 struggle. Jhc Scotchman, who con- 
 tends with mists, a humid atmosphere, 
 
 a low temperature, and an unkindly 
 soil for sustenance, will have a sturdier 
 ph3^siqiie and larger brain than his 
 Erse and neighbor and kinsman in 
 Ireland. The French peasant and 
 Italian lazaroni will haVe smaller 
 heads than their compeers in Great 
 Britain and Ireland, or their descend- 
 ants in North America, or the Inhab- 
 itants of Northern Europe, the Ger- 
 mans, Fins and Russians. It is also 
 worthy of note, persons descended 
 from and those who have habituated 
 themselves to out-door pursuits, have 
 on average larger brains than those 
 who have been accustomed to seden- 
 tary and mental pursuits. 
 
 As already stated, 22 inches is a 
 good average size, with 11^ inches 
 from ear to ear over individualit}' for 
 an adult man. Yigor and stamina of 
 brain increase, with weight and size, 
 up to 24 and 24^^ inches in circumfer- 
 ence measurements. If there is great 
 fineness of organization, or even ex- 
 cessive mental development, at this 
 size or over, there is a suspicion of dis- 
 ease, which you should be on your 
 alert to detect. The brain of an idiot 
 may be perfectly healthy, but will be 
 found eitlier defective in form, poor, or 
 coarse in quality, whether large or 
 small in quantity. In the majbr num- 
 ber of cases it will be found defective 
 in form, coarse in grain, and deficient 
 in quantity. In the majority of cases 
 idiocy absolutely arises from want of 
 brains. With 18 inches circumference 
 measurement and under, with the brain 
 correspondingly small, and massed 
 principally in tlie base and occiput, no 
 matter how fiiic the organization, good 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 the quality, or healthy the brain, you 
 may again become suspicious of inca- 
 })acity and want of power, if not for 
 positive imbecilit}', you will certainly 
 be justified in looking for it. 
 
 These measurements, with an inch 
 to half-an-inch less, will apply equally 
 U) the female brain. It is not true 
 tliat the female brain attains its max- 
 imum size and weight at 11 years, and 
 the male brain at 14 years of age, as 
 stated by some physiologists. The 
 brain develops rapidly in childhood, 
 and inci-eases gradually to manhood. 
 During adult age, visible increase of 
 brain has been detected up till 40 
 3'ears of age. The head of a boy at 
 bii-th in this country averages about 
 12 inches, at six months it is 15 
 inches, at twelve months 1 7 inches, 
 and then makes slow progress up till 
 27 years of age. During this time the 
 form of the brain alters, as well as be- 
 comes enlarged in volume. There is 
 an increased development of the per- 
 ceptives, knowing, reflective, moral, 
 and semi-refining faculties, as sug- 
 gested ill the accompan3'ing outline, 
 fig. iii. Here you see at a glance the 
 importance of size — size marking that 
 differeuce in volume and form, and in 
 contour which distinguishes at once 
 tlie perfected male head from the im- 
 mature one of childhood. The size of 
 the brain, other things being equal, is 
 the measure of its power — that is, 
 claiming notliing more for phrenology 
 than to say, the larger a piece of iron 
 or wood, the greater its ri-lalive 
 strength compared with smnllor pieces 
 of iron and wood of the sniue niality. 
 
 If a bar of iron was teu tiuicB as 
 
 III. — Ixi ANT 
 
 TO Adult Types of 
 Heads. 
 
 Exhibiting change of size and form with corres- 
 jxoiKliHg braiu developnieats. 
 
 strong as a log of wood ten times the 
 size of the iron, such a fact would not 
 alter this proposition ; or that a log 
 of oak, only half the size of a log of 
 pine, should prove to have twice the 
 durability and strength than that pos- 
 sessed by the pine, should not surprise 
 3'ou any more than some men, like 
 Gambetta, with 40.9-oz. brain, should 
 lord it over French boors, with coarse 
 50-oz. brains, or dandies for that mat- 
 ter, with small and uncultured fine 
 brains. It is true the oak and pine 
 are both wood ; but it is tlie texture or 
 quality of the wood peculiar to each 
 which makes the essential difterenc^. 
 A little man may be stronger than a big 
 man ; or, what is more likely, a little 
 woman may be more lively and spirited 
 than a birr woman : that does not afiect 
 our iundamental principle. The con- 
 ditions are not equal. In this phren- 
 ology does nothing more than to place 
 nuin and his l)rain under the universal 
 
16 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 law of size. The objections brought 
 by opponents to phrenology under this 
 head, or about their own heads, are 
 peurile in the extreme ; too frequently 
 the objectors draw upon their imagina- 
 tion for their facts, or assume for 
 phrenologj'^ what has never been 
 claimed for it by phrenologists. Some 
 objectors would have us believe with 
 Esquirol, and maintain that no size or 
 form of head or brain is indicative of 
 idioc}^ or talent ; but, as a matter of 
 observation, small heads (if any) in- 
 dicate the greatest talent and force of 
 character. Illiterate bricklayers and 
 ignorant butchers, driviling idiots and 
 demented shoemakers, are trotted out, 
 whose brain-pans had enough capacity 
 for two ordinary philosophers, whose 
 brains tipped the scale from 65 to 70 
 ozs. ; while your Gambettas and Galls 
 barely turned the scale at 42 ozs. 
 And af least one brilliant general. 
 Lord Chelmsford (whose mediocre 
 supply of brains has not been weighed 
 yet) has only 20J inches circumference 
 measurement of head. In fact, for 
 such is the force of this argument, it 
 would be an advantage (to the War 
 Office, I suppose) if our Sir Garnet 
 Wolseley had less brains. You may 
 here it stated that certain animals or 
 men with large brains have less intel- 
 ligence than other certain animals or 
 men with smaller brains. The whole 
 of these statements are too often 
 founded upon mere conjecture, and 
 when not so they present carelessness 
 of observation and thoughtlessness of 
 expression on part of the authors. 
 Let us examine the position for a mo- 
 ment : Do phrenologists predicate 
 
 character upon large heads and fore- 
 heads merely ? or upon simply size 
 or weight of brain, regardless of other 
 considerations ? Is Lord Chelmsford 
 to be compared with our " only Gen- 
 eral ? " What kind of intelligence in 
 the animals or men do they refer to ? 
 How often are mere instincts and pro- 
 pensities confounded with the opera- 
 tion of intellect, reason, identity, 
 memory, and what not ? 
 
 Upon investigation these expres- 
 sions, instead of telling against phren- 
 ology, are actually in its favor. For 
 instance, does the forehead present, in 
 addition to a broad and high front, 
 depth of frontal mass, i.e. length of 
 head in front of the ears ? Is it really 
 a large forehead of breadth, height and 
 depth, and if so, what is the quality of 
 organization, coarse or fine, obtuse or 
 acute ? How often is it, the individ- 
 ual is actually " shallow-pated," hav- 
 ing breadth and height but no depth 
 of forehead, being, i. e. actually fore 
 shortened in length of anterior brain- 
 fibre, as in a, 6, c, figure iii. The phren- 
 ologist can soon settle these points, 
 much more readily than a prejudiced 
 flippant objector. Take another in- 
 stance — the forehead may overhang, 
 giving " thumbed in " perceptives, 
 showing plenty of brain in reality, but 
 " bad form," an unbalanced head in 
 fact. The excess of the reflectives over 
 the perceptives giving much learning, 
 theory, and disposition to philosophize, 
 but little practicality. Or there may 
 be an excess in the perceptives over 
 the reflectives, which may give plenty 
 of idle observation, vulgar staring 
 without adequate reason, quickness of 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 17 
 
 action, plenty to say, but little wisdom, 
 little thoughtfulness or consideration 
 for others. All these variations of 
 form must be considered. You are to 
 notice that mere size of brain indicates 
 brain-power only (as a twelve-horse 
 boiler will generate more steam than 
 one half its capacity) size of brain in 
 
 IV., V. — Circumference Measurement of Heads 
 AND Criminal Types. 
 
 ever particular you detect, upon actual 
 examination size will bear 30U out. 
 You must look for something more 
 than an apparently large forehead for 
 intelligence, ability, etc. You must 
 look for a beautiful head (a harmon- 
 ized and balanced head, phrenologic- 
 ally proportioned and well made, not 
 Intellectual 
 
 "\ 
 
 Fig. iv.— a. GuiTEAU, the murderer, h. Garfield, the victim, dd. A hypothetical 
 line drawn from ear to ear to distinguish the anterior from the posterior brain mass. 
 
 Fig. v.— cf. Deane, tlie murderer, dd. The hypothetical line, snowing the enormous 
 posterior brain mass. 
 
 part, in what particular direction. 
 A man like an animal may have a 
 large mass of brain, and yet not mani- 
 fest much intelligence ; but both will 
 exhibit power of some sort or other. 
 If the '* animal organs " predominate 
 (as exhibited in the width of the brain 
 in the basilar region of the skull) so 
 will there be a corresponding exhibi- 
 tion of the animal instincts and pro- 
 pensities manifested in the character 
 of the possessor of these organs. This 
 is the invariable connection between 
 the size and manifestation. In what- 
 
 lacking in width, height, length or 
 form, no outrageous or inartistic out- 
 lines) to discern the really able man 
 and good woman. True greatness, in- 
 tellectual, moral, social and sympa- 
 thetic manhood is not to be found in 
 men with heads irregular in formation, 
 with foreheads *' villainously low,'' or 
 having foreheads which protrude and 
 overhang ; but in men whose organiza- 
 tion indicates good quality, and whose 
 heads are of good size, well-formed, 
 and harmoniously balanced — I will 
 now resume 
 
18 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 OUR TALK ABOUT MEASURE- 
 MENTS. 
 
 To the theoretical, but conscientious 
 student of phrenology, these brain 
 measurements are a constant source of 
 bewilderment and distress. He wants 
 to weigh, balance and " tot up " the 
 
 YI. — Back View of Heads — Moral 
 AND Criminal Types. 
 
 Narrow and high head — GossE, the 
 
 benevolent. Broad and low head 
 
 — Patch, the murderer. 
 
 'human faculties with mathematical 
 precision, or if endowed with less abil- 
 ity, as a grocer would so man}' pounds 
 •of soap at so much a pound, total 
 amount so-and-so. You are not deal- 
 ing in such dead and plastic material, 
 neither are you dealing with primary 
 elements in chemistry, nor mathemat- 
 ical propositions, but with living souls, 
 human beings whom you are trying to 
 understand by the " outward and visi- 
 ble signs " they present of their " in- 
 ward and spiritual grace," as marked 
 on the outward walls of their physical 
 being, for which purpose the brain, in 
 its volume, and contour, and quality, 
 is the surest index. 
 
 It is well to make all your measure- 
 ments with a steel or strong linen tape 
 line, which will not deceive you by 
 
 stretching. Continue your measure- 
 ments until the eye and hand are suf- 
 ficiently educated to be able to make 
 sufficient approximations for practical 
 purposes without its use. 
 
 Take your first measurement over 
 the base of the brain, around the head, 
 at c, c?, c, for circumference measure- 
 ment, denoting " power and force." 
 From e,oaj e, for second circumference 
 measurement, denoting " intelligence 
 and force." These measurements ought 
 to be about equal. In practice you 
 will find the first measurement the larg- 
 est, as a rule. In pushing active 
 business men j^ou will find the lower 
 measurement exceed the upper by half 
 to three quarters of an inch. Thus, in 
 the above head, 22^ inches, c, d^ c, 
 (perceptives and executiveness) ; 22 
 inches, e, oa, e, (reflect ives and re- 
 
 YII. — Literary Type of Head. 
 
 W. T. Stead, Editor Pall MaU Ga- 
 zette. 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EAST. 
 
 straintj ; would Ijo a favorable meas- 
 urement for a wide-awake commercial 
 man, and so on in proportion. Twenty- 
 one and a half and 22^ in a literar}' or 
 scholastic man would be favorable for 
 his work. Twenty-three and 23^ for a 
 man of science would not be too much 
 over weight. But 23 at e, oe, e, and 
 22 at c, dy c, would be unfortunate, 
 larger disproportions more so, indicat- 
 ing more of the theoretical than the 
 practical, etc. 
 
 The measurements from a to a, over 
 /, should be about the same as ft'om b, 
 at the root of the nose to o, c (taken 
 over /), where the perceptives a, c, a, 
 and the reflective a, e, a, develop- 
 ments are more marked than on 
 the above head. The frontal and 
 posterior measurement b too, c, over/, 
 may exceed that of a, /, a, by half-an- 
 inch to an inch. This would indicate 
 that the social, moral, aspiring, and in- 
 tellectual developments are greater 
 than those of the purely executive and 
 selfish faculties. Where the head is 
 proportionate!}^ liig^i, as in this head, 
 the person will be highly moral in 
 tone and feeling ; but when it is much 
 higher than it is broad, as in this head, 
 the person may be amiable, but will 
 also be possessed with a strong sense 
 of justice, which may be exhibited in a 
 fault-finding and censorious manner. 
 Its excess in this case leads to exact- 
 ing extremes and censoriousness in the 
 government and direction of others, as 
 well as a prominent feeling that tlicro 
 are few persons who can do anything 
 as well as hiinself. He will be troubU;d 
 by trilling circumstances. The posi- 
 tive and excitable elements in charac- 
 
 ter will lead to extremes and inconsist- 
 encies. More width than height often 
 indicates a lack of moral feeling, there 
 ]>eing greater secretiveness, acquisi- 
 tiveness, destructiveness, and cautious- 
 ness than moral and spiritual develop- 
 ment. Such a head, associated with a 
 low tvpe of organization, is certainly a 
 criminal one, detected or otherwise. 
 The height of the head should b^ about 
 the same as its width — for instance, if 
 
 YIII. — Diplomatic a?^d Financial 
 Type of Head. 
 
 M. Romero, Mexican Minister to the 
 United States of America. 
 
 the height from e tof, is G inches, the 
 width from a to e should be C inches. 
 If the measurements from c to <•, or 
 " cautiousness " to " cautiousness '' is 
 less than that from d to rf, or " destruct- 
 iveness " to " destructiveness,'' it will 
 indicate that the restraining elements 
 
20 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EAST. 
 
 are not as })owerful as the executive. 
 In the above head the reverse is the case. 
 In figure vii. the moral and intellectual 
 predominates. The following measure- 
 ments may be found useful to take in 
 addition to those already given : An- 
 terior measurements from a to a, over 
 e, for the perceptives, say 12^; a to a, 
 over e, for reflectives, say 13J inches ; 
 a to a, over g^ for intuitive or semi-in- 
 tellectual measurement, say 14^ inches ; 
 a to a, over/, say 15 inches ; find 11^ 
 inches from a to «, over the apex of the 
 occipital bone; 15^ inches from 6 to oc, 
 over/, with 1st circumference measure- 
 ment of c, df, c, of 22^ inches, and 2nd 
 circumference measurement, e, oa, e, 
 22 inches, you would get a fine speci- 
 men of a good head, such as you might 
 meet in daily practice as an editor, re- 
 porter, teacher, accountant, and profes- 
 sional pursuits requiring activity, 
 versatility, and application. 
 
 To measure a head, you may possi- 
 bly adopt your own method, that of 
 Combe's, or those in general practice, 
 whichever you find best ; or you can 
 adopt the following in practice, thus : — 
 
 1st measurement, c, cZ, c. 
 
 2nd " e, oa, e. 
 
 3rd *' o, to a, over c, or in- 
 
 dividuality. 
 
 4th measurement, a, to a, over e, or 
 causality. 
 
 5th measurement, a, to a, over y, or 
 intuition. 
 
 6th measurement, a, to a, over /, or 
 firmness. 
 
 7th measurement, 6, to oc^ over /, or 
 firmness. 
 
 Take a good look at the head, first 
 
 the back view — as in outline — and 
 take in at a glance the width of brain 
 as indicated by the size of the head, 
 and see whether it is wider at d — de- 
 structiveness — or at c — cautiousness. 
 And then the front view — see whether 
 it is widest at constructiveness or at 
 cautiousness — or vice versa. Next 
 take in the side view, and impress upon 
 the mind the relative size of your 
 primary sub-divisions and the size of 
 the head as a whole. There are the 
 sub-divisions, as suggested by Combe, 
 which doubtless approximate more to 
 the truth in nature than those I have 
 already marked out for practical pur- 
 poses. You will see whether your pa- 
 tient has the most brain — back, above, 
 or in front of his ears. His character 
 must correspond with the formation. 
 Measure your head carefully, take in 
 the size*- thoroughly, do all this quietly 
 and carefully before you venture on 
 the expression of opinion. If satisfied 
 with your observation and measure- 
 ments you are on safe ground — there 
 can be no more " ifs " and " buts " ; 
 proceed with your description (mind- 
 ing previous hints) and you cannot go 
 far wrong. 
 
 Ability to measure the head with 
 correctness or to estimate the health 
 or otherwise of the brain, will come in 
 time with careful observation and 
 practice. In examining heads travel 
 cautiously from what you know abso- 
 lutely to be true — for the rest feel 
 your way carefully, as phrenology un- 
 
 * In the Practical Application of Phrenology, it 
 is the size of each organ in proportion to the 
 others in the head of the Individual Manipulated, 
 and not the absolute size, or the size in reference 
 to any standard liead, that determines the pre- 
 dominance of particular talents or dispositions.— 
 E. T. Ckaiq. 
 
PHREiXOLOaV MADE EASV. 
 
 21 
 
 folds the character to you. Some 
 phrenologists have a definite method 
 of examining a head. Messrs. Dono- 
 van, Combe, and Wells have given 
 their methods, while the Fowlers, 
 Weaver, and Story have thrown out 
 IX. — Aristocratic and Diplomatic 
 Type of Head. 
 
 Sir Lionel S. Sackville West, Late 
 British Representative at Washing- 
 ton, U. S. A. 
 valuable suggestions. It has been left 
 largely for each practitioner to adopt 
 his own style. I always make it a 
 point to strike at the defects in char- 
 acter to commence with. Now as 
 tliese vary very much, it will be seen 
 my method of reading character will 
 depend upon the character to read. I 
 think this is the most reasonable plan, 
 and suggest it to your consideration. 
 I will refer to this again. 
 
 In my first lecture, I roughly di- 
 vided the brain into three hypothetical 
 
 regions (unknown therefore in cere- 
 bral ph3'siology), nevertheless an in- 
 valuable aid in examining heads — 1st, 
 the region of the moral and aspiring 
 faculties; 2nd, the region of the in- 
 tellectual faculties ; 3rd, the region of 
 the domestic faculties. I propose to 
 further subdivide these into eight 
 smaller regions or groups: — 1st, or 
 
 moral region, &c. 
 
 intuitive, or 
 
 semi-intellectual, forming the boundary 
 line between spiritual perceptions, in- 
 tuition, and pure reason ; 6, the relig- 
 ious and spiritual ; c, egoistic or aspir- 
 ing organs. 2nd, or intellectual region, 
 into e, percept ives (and external 
 senses) ; /, literary, and g, reasoning 
 groups. 3rd, or domestic region, into 
 h, domestic, and i, selfish propensities. 
 The natural divisions of the skull af- 
 ford some assistance. The domestic 
 propensities are covered by the occipi- 
 tal bone ; the selfish sentiments al- 
 most by the temporal bone ; the per- 
 ceptives, reflectives, and knowing 
 faculties by the frontal bone. At its 
 superior it also covers the semi-intel- 
 lectual faculties. The moral and spir- 
 itual faculties are covered by the pa- 
 rietal bones, superiorly and posteri- 
 orly, while inferiorly they cover such 
 organs of the propensities as are not 
 covered by the temporal bones. This 
 rough outline must be corrected by 
 you in detail In examining the head 
 you will not only see what region pre- 
 dominates, but also what subdivision, 
 and then what organ of the subdivis- 
 ion — activity by size ; size indicating 
 the activity. 
 
 In some instances you may find 
 heads pretty equally balanced, giving 
 
22 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EA-^Y. 
 
 3'ou the same measurement from the 
 orifice of the ear — over " amativeness " 
 as over the perceptives, over contin- 
 uity as over the reflectives, over firm- 
 ness as over to oc. I do not think 
 such uniformity in our present civile 
 ization favorable to marked worth or 
 character. In low and diseased organ- 
 izations, in proportion as the circum- 
 ference measurement approximates to 
 the circle the criminal type of head is 
 pronounced. There is much in this 
 form of head which requires study. 
 Guiteau, Deane, and Patch, the mur- 
 derer,-see Fig. iv., v., and vi., approx- 
 imate to this type. Compare them 
 with the outline presented by Gosse e, 
 and Garfield, 6, the philanthropists. 
 These heads are not mere coincidents, 
 but rather awkward facts, for good 
 men to deal with who see no relation- 
 ship between organization and cranial 
 formation to crime and virtue ; awk- 
 ward stars, if fallen ones, for theolog- 
 ical telescopes to discover, or modern 
 Paduan philosophers to argue out of 
 existence. 
 
 National heads have their national 
 characteristics in size, which corres- 
 pond to the national traits by which 
 they are distinguished. The German 
 head is 1^ inches longer than its 
 wddth : as a people they are given to 
 ease, sitting and thinking, sturdy and 
 ])hlegmatic. The French head is 
 about \\ inches longer than it is wide. 
 The German head presents the vital- 
 menttal and motive-mental tempera- 
 ment ; they arc slow to arouse, but 
 when aroused they are like a ponderous 
 'machine set in motion ; they are 
 capable of doing great execution, and 
 
 have furnished the foremost thinkers 
 — -philosophers, divines, physicians, and 
 soldiers — veritable leaders in the world. 
 The French are more energetic, excit- 
 able, and volatile, with the mental and 
 mental-vital temperaments : they have 
 greater vivacity, but less stamina than 
 their more stolid neighbors. The En- 
 glish head is about H inches longer 
 than wide — that is to say, if 6 J inches 
 wide between the ears it would be 8 
 inches long from the frontal semus to 
 the apex of the occipital bone. The 
 typical British head exhibits the best 
 blends : Norse, Scandinavian, Ger- 
 man, and Celtic. In quality, form and 
 size, indicating firmness, executive- 
 ness, tenacity of purpose — intellectual 
 and enthusiastic. The American head 
 approximates to the English and 
 French head. It has less veneration 
 and continuity than the English and 
 more than the French ; exhibiting 
 more versatility than the English, 
 but not so volatile or as excitable as 
 the French. The Beecher head, or 
 those of Lincoln and Garfield, would 
 less represent the American head than 
 John Bright would the 'English. The 
 Scotch head, 1| to IJ longer than the 
 width, presenting not less executive- 
 ness or firmness than the English 
 head, but more forethought, shrewd- 
 ness, slowness, and caution ; the pre- 
 vailing temperaments being mental- 
 motive and motive-mental. 
 
 While I do not think I have said 
 anj^ thing new or exhaustive on this 
 subject,! have driven at tho, principle 
 of size to show you its importance in 
 estimating character, and I have not 
 by any means ignored the importance 
 
PHRENOLGGY 3IADE EASV. 
 
 of quality in doing so. I shall be 
 satisfied if you can feel 30U have a rock 
 under your feet, a 'vantage ground, 
 from which you may with safety calml}' 
 look around you and take your obser- 
 vations all the more securely. 
 
 Men and women are at best but 
 children of older growth, the animal 
 and spiritual are fearfully and wonder- 
 fully mixed in each human being, 
 " Scratch the Russian and you will 
 find the Tarter ; " delve into human 
 nature deep enough, and you will find 
 the same weakness underlying all. 
 " There are none perfect, no not one," 
 nor none so low, but a spark of their 
 evil life will shine through some clink 
 of their " earthly tabernacle," if you 
 only know where to look for it and 
 bring it into conscious life. True, 
 there are many defective and depraved 
 human organizations in this world — 
 sans soul, heart or head — lacking 
 spiritualit}', aflfection, and intelligence 
 for all that is good, or having one 
 thing and lacking another. To com- 
 prehend them fully, or uplift them, 
 may be '' beyond the art of man ; " 
 don't despair, but believe that deep 
 down in each, although hidden from 
 your sight under the debris of all that 
 is sensual, devilish, and earthly, there 
 is a priceless gem in each human 
 casket (however untoward and un- 
 kempt that casket may be) that shall 
 yet shine in the sunlight of Eternal 
 (jroodness " sometime, somewhere," 
 when the fetters of all things vile — 
 hereditarily cursed and depraved 
 mortal coil — shall be removed for 
 ever. If this is not so, then assur- 
 edly if i?7i77r//?'o?? pvr.vo^ ilie "descent 
 
 of man," our no))le progenitors were 
 hairy animals, who walked on all fours, 
 lived in aborial retreats, wagged their 
 ears at pleasure, and wringled their 
 scalps at will, and whose habits were 
 monkeyish and unseemly, whose be all 
 and end all — was mud. If this is 
 science then our faith runs — where 
 this science neither follows nor directs 
 — and declares to our inward vision the 
 dignity of manhood and the nobility of 
 his heritage, in spite of that material- 
 ism which makes man the heir of pro- 
 toplasm and the co-heir of apes, and in 
 the end converts him into first-class 
 manure, as the final and highest use 
 of his evolution. Believe me (although 
 I cannot enter here upon the theme) 
 phrenology leads not from God or 
 soul, but leads to them, or else " Know 
 Thyself" is but a " tinkling cymbal 
 and sounding brass." 
 
 Few men are great, fewer still true 
 men. There are few great and true, 
 living geniuses, burning and shining 
 lights. It is perhaps well for the 
 world that it is so. Like seers of old 
 the truly inspired live in the open 
 air, wear raiments of camel's hair, eat 
 locusts and wild honey, and are 
 sacrificed to the whims of dancing 
 strumpets, and by those whom they 
 would teach or reprove. The world 
 prefers glamour, glitter, passing shad- 
 ows, and " the pomp and circumstance 
 of war," to beauty of sou I, and the god- 
 liness of sobriety, and the patience of 
 love. Hence philosophers burn brim- 
 stone and talk of " sweetness and 
 light," and when ignored by the busy 
 l)eeH of the world's hive, become the 
 intelh-'''* ii.'il (ImikIIcs. who nmusc, while 
 
24 
 
 PHREXOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 
 
 they are petted by an idle, pedantic 
 and fashionable society which feeds 
 itself upon " words, words, words." 
 Poets loose their heads in coronets, in 
 fulsome flattery or the flowing bowl. 
 Finding " life not worth living," they 
 end it by arsenic, like Chatterton ; by 
 hysteria and sensuality, like Byron ; 
 when they do not end their reputation 
 by impurities and agnosticism like 
 Swinburne. 
 
 Self-esteem and approbativeness 
 have often stimulated to madness the 
 the unbalanced geniuses of bye-gone 
 days. The world feels their loss, hav- 
 ing been affected by their meteor-like 
 brilliancy, ten or twenty decades 
 afterward holds their centenary and 
 applauds itself or its goodness, while 
 treating itself to fetes and galas. It is 
 all the while repeating the treatment of 
 cruelty or adulation to their adulated 
 heroes, worthy or unworthy successors. 
 
 Where few are great — geniuses, 
 originators, creators and inventors — 
 many are talented, more balanced in 
 their organization, they are content to 
 execute faithfully their allotted task 
 in life, according to the position, op- 
 portunity, special talents or gifts. 
 
 The great mass of mankind are 
 mimics, ready to respond to the most 
 predominating influence for good or 
 ill, which marks the boundary of their 
 life. Others are like sheep who flee 
 or jump barriers, because and only be- 
 cause some other sheep more daring or 
 more foolish has led the way ; the sur- 
 rounding social influences of some men 
 making or marring their lives for- 
 ever — creatures under the guiding in- 
 fluences of one or two organs, living in 
 
 one or two spots of their nature and 
 vegetating on the rest, " cribbed, cof- 
 fined and confined " by the rude in- 
 stincts of childhood and barbarism, or 
 worse still, modern civilization. 
 
 The full-souled, full-orbed man, "the 
 perfect man" is the dream of the 
 Christian. The man who lives truly 
 in every department of his being by 
 use and not abuse is the '' coming man" 
 — phrenologist — who, if a genius or 
 talented, will not be less, but more the 
 man. 
 
 There are two other classes — 
 " Hewers of wood and carries of water" 
 and fools, the latter including the idle, 
 insand, and idiotic. The industrial 
 and mechanical classes may be included 
 in the former : they, with the " tal- 
 ented," "are the salt of the earth," 
 the preservers of the economic, politi- 
 cal, and religious world. The rest 
 when not mere ornaments, " leather 
 and prunella," are " shadows b}' the 
 
 way. 
 
 These make life beautiful or 
 
 miserable by their fitful contrasts. 
 
 In all classes you will find vices and 
 virtues, strong passions, loves and de- 
 sires, stimulating, and organs to stim- 
 ulate; those for whom fame has no 
 seduction, duty has ; those who will 
 not labor for glory, and dare destruc- 
 tion at a cannon's mouth for a lady's 
 smile and knighthood, will, perhaps, 
 be only too glad to work for something 
 to eat. Those for whom the cooing 
 of the babe, or a mother's winning 
 voice, a wife's tender love, have no 
 meaning, may pile up for themselves 
 " gold, silver, and precious stones." 
 Some are stimulated to action by love, 
 fear, envy, ambition, or necessity ; 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 some, by thr love of life and the neces- 
 sity to preserve it ; others, b^" the love 
 of others. All are influenced by some 
 consideration — whether that be love of 
 self, life, or wife, of children, friends, 
 or the helpless and outcast; or per- 
 cliance by some Utopian dream or 
 grovelling instinct ; in a word, by ap- 
 petites, passions, affections, by pride, 
 glory, and the desire to excel, by rea- 
 son, by moral and spiritual inspiration 
 — all are consciously or unconsciously 
 influenced or directed. As it is written, 
 '• None can live or die unto themselves." 
 It will be your duty and privilege 
 to analyze all these, and help this won- 
 derful being — man — as far as lies 
 within the province of your influence, 
 to know himself and his surroundings ; 
 to suit his surroundings and his con- 
 stitution — mental and phj^sical ; his 
 circumstances to his enlightened will ; 
 to live his honest life by living his 
 fullest life, in subordinating the animal 
 to the spiritual and intellectual — and 
 walk erect, a man. 
 
 PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION 
 
 • For general reading peruse 
 '- Kirk's Anatomy," " Trail's 
 Physiology," Dr. Nichol's " Hu- 
 man Physiology," and Sir Charles 
 Bell's " Anatomy of Expression.", 
 
 Lessons on Theory. Read up 
 Combe, Wells, Fowler, on the 
 classification of the faculties. 
 Also learn the definitions of the 
 faculties, as given by A. T. Story in 
 his " Manual of Phrenology," as you 
 would axioms in Euclid, or grammat- 
 ical rules. 
 
 Lessons in Observation. Make 
 
 yourself acquainted with the three 
 major regions of the brain — " animal 
 propensities," " moral sentiments," and 
 " intellectual faculties " — and the sub- 
 sections of these regions in groups 
 and organs ; and learn to localize them 
 thoroughly on a blank bust or the liv- 
 ing head. Accustom your e3^es to 
 make approximate measurements of 
 the heads of persons you meet in 
 friendship and business. 
 
 Lessons on Practice. Form an es- 
 timate of a person's manner of ad- 
 dress — lecturer or minister — by seeing 
 them on platform or pulpit, by their 
 heads. Note whether they are influ- 
 enced by large or small cautiousness, 
 large or small benevolence, large or 
 small destructiveness ; whether mu- 
 sical, witty, anecdotal, dramatic, se- 
 vere, or sympathetic, &c. 
 
 APPLIED PHRENOLOGY.— 
 THIRD LECTURE. 
 
 X. — Six Heads Drawn to One Scale, 
 Taken from Casts from Nature. 
 
 l.-Dr. CHALMERS. Eminent Divine. 
 
 2.-Sir ISAMBERT MARC BRUNEL, F. R. S., En- 
 
 pineer of the Thames Tunnel. 
 3.— EUSTACHE. The Benevolent Negro. 
 4.— (iOTFKIED. Murderess of 14 Persons. 
 5.— STEVENTON. Pugilist and Murderer. 
 6.— AMSTERDAM IDIOT, 25 years of age. 
 
 Having considered size, at some 
 
1 
 
 2G 
 
 rHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 
 
 length, form necessarily comes next 
 under review. When you notice the 
 size of a man's head, the next thing to 
 arrest your attention is its form. 
 Combe has remarked : " The form of 
 the head is not less important to 
 phrenologists than size." 
 
 Although I propose to glance at the 
 influence of temperament on character 
 further on, I refer to it here for the 
 purpose of pointing out that the form 
 or shape of the head invariably cor- 
 responds to the temperament, and it 
 will, therefore, always indicate the pre- 
 dominant physiology of the individual. 
 The dominant physiology or tempera- 
 ment will invariably give its bias to 
 character. The form of the head will 
 also indicate the particular direction 
 of that bias. To delineate character 
 from a plaster cast or skull should not 
 present any great difficulty, as some 
 suppose, on account of not discerning 
 the temperament of the original. 
 Such a statement can only be the re- 
 sult of lack of observation. Form is 
 ever an invaluable key to tempera- 
 ment. Form has also an invariable 
 relation to quality — ^. e., the fineness, 
 delicac}^, tension, denseness or coarse- 
 ness of organism, structure or physi- 
 ology. Whoever saw a fine organiza- 
 tion, with prognathous jaws, receding 
 and low forehead, and pendulous abdo- 
 men ? or a fine organization, with dis- 
 proportionately long arms, and large 
 hands, and large and flat feet to gen- 
 eral build, and so on ? More correct 
 observation on the part of objectors 
 would soon rectify ])revalent errors on 
 this point. The size and form of the 
 head, i)reseHtetl, even by a plaster cast, 
 
 would be invaluable indicators to a 
 phrenologist, not only of tempera- 
 ment, but of quality of organization. 
 For instance, in Fig. X., 4, 6, and 6, 
 indicate lower types of organization 
 and temperament than 3, 2, and 1, 
 which ascend in quality of structure, 
 as they increase in cranial develop- 
 ment, or perfection of form. Form of 
 head corresponds to temperament. If 
 the nervous physiology or mental tem- 
 perament predominates, it gives width 
 and fulness to the superior anterior 
 lobes of the brain, and therefore ful- 
 ness and breadth to the forehead, a 
 periform contour to the face, corres- 
 ponding expansiveness superiorly to 
 the semi-refining organs. When the 
 arterial or sanguine physiolog}', or 
 healthy vital temperament predomin- 
 ates, the base of the brain is more 
 fully rounded and larger than in the 
 mental or foregoing, while not so full 
 in the superior brain, the perceptive, 
 social, and executive faculties will be 
 marked in character, — ^this form of the 
 vital giving a healthy stimulus to the 
 mental faculties. When the nervous 
 physiolc^y, or the lymphatic form o4' 
 the vital temperament predominates, 
 the circulation is sluggish ; the supe- 
 rior anterior development of the Iprain 
 as seen in the form of the head is not 
 so full, while tlie parietal and posterior 
 organs are more marked than in the 
 former temperament ; the face is 
 rounded, and there is a round config- 
 uration of the head : the sensuous ami 
 social faculties — which indicate love 
 of life, foods and drinks, ease, and 
 (luiet enjoyment — are marked. The 
 osseous and nuiscular ph3'siology, or 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 27 
 
 motive temperament, gives height 
 rather than width to the head ; there 
 is less of the activity of the mental, 
 and warmth and enthusiasm of the 
 vital, b\it greater steadiness in action, 
 conjoined with greater durability and 
 tenacitv in disposition : these charac- 
 teristics agree with the iniiuence of 
 the aspiring organs^ — the egotistical 
 group — which are marked in this tem- 
 perament. There are various phases 
 of this temperament, as it is modilicd 
 by otliers ; the form or phj^siognomy 
 alters, of course, with, the modifica- 
 tion. There are the osseous, and the 
 muscular, and the nervous forms, and 
 so forth, of the motive temperament 
 — the harsher outHnes of the first be- 
 ing modified as it becomes less and the 
 others become more ma'rked. 
 
 In point of fact, there are as many 
 temperaments as there are organs in 
 the 1x)dy. It would be difficult, there- 
 fore, even with the aid of diagrams, to 
 l)oint out the ever-varying forms 
 which the intricate combinations of 
 the various temperaments give, and 
 by which forms they are detected. 
 You will find for practical pur^ioses 
 the simple classifications given in our 
 text-])ooks are best. Mr. Burns gives 
 an interesting reading of tlie tempera- 
 ments in his English edition of Weav- 
 er's Lectures on Phrenology, and both 
 Mr. 8tory and Mr. Wells depart from 
 the old English classification and the 
 new American one. There is much 
 to be said in favor of all these views. 
 It is 1>e9t that each one should read 
 for himself. If temperament is indi- 
 cated by form, head, as well as of body, 
 you can readily see from that \\n\\\ 
 
 whether a brain is active or otherwise ; 
 a large brain will be less active than n 
 smaller one ; if its temperament be in- 
 ferior, it must have necessarily less 
 activity, with the Ij-mphatic form of 
 the vital temperament, than it would 
 have w^ith the sanguine form of the 
 same temperament, less activity with 
 the osseous than muscular form of the 
 moti-we temperament. In judging the 
 relative power of the A'arious groups 
 or organs in the same head, tempera- 
 ment or ph^^siology need not be con- 
 sidered, as all the organs of the head 
 must be similar in temperament ; 
 therefore, what 3'ou ma}' know of their 
 power, action, or function, will be in- 
 dicated to you b}' the size and form 
 presented by them. I may venture on 
 a word of caution here. While dwell- 
 ing on form- — (we have so-called model 
 heads or busts, which serve the same 
 useful purpose in phrenology as maps 
 in the study of geography, or diagrams 
 in physiology) — there is no such thing 
 as a special form of head or model 
 head. In nature there are no two 
 heads alike, either in size, form, or 
 quality (to sa}' nothing of the envi- 
 ronment, or opportunity, education, re- 
 ligious training, and what not, possible 
 to each). Therefore, it is necessary 
 not to predicate character, talent, or 
 capacity, to an^- special form of head 
 or model, and to depreciate the pos- 
 session of character, talent, or capac- 
 ity in the direct ratio of the departure 
 of the head (examined) frijm the same 
 model head, or standard of phrenolog- 
 ical excellence. The model head is 
 but a fanciful creation of what the 
 coming or perfect man is expected to 
 
28 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 possess, but in point of fact, its exist- 
 ence must be hypothetical, and for hy- 
 pothetical uses " point a moral and 
 adorn a tale." The practical phrenol- 
 ogist can only deal with heads as he 
 finds them. 
 
 A modern divine has declared " Je- 
 sus Christ was man at His climax." 
 Mr. Fowler has said, " Man at his cli- 
 max is man perfected physically and 
 mentally." That Jesus* was " the 
 Perfect Man " in structure, organiza- 
 tion, and cerebral development, will 
 be admitted. And as being so He 
 would have the most perfect head. So 
 far as man has departed or degenera- 
 ted from that model head and t^pc ol 
 perfection, it is assumed his inferiority 
 in character, physically, mentally, 
 morally, spiritually, and socially, 
 would be proportionate. This style of 
 argument, while it furnishes problem- 
 atical ground for debate, it does not at 
 the same time furnish or serve any 
 useful purpose. The head of Jesus 
 was essentially His own. It may not 
 be possible for men to have heads like 
 His. God, in His infinite wisdom, 
 through His creative, executive, and 
 sustaining laws, has ordered it other- 
 wise. His ( Jesus's) head and organ- 
 ization were most perfect for the man- 
 ifestation of Christ's love, life-work, 
 and character in the world. As there 
 can only be one Christ, so there can 
 
 * Publius Lentulus, in his letter to the Roman 
 Senate, describes Jesus "as being of full stature 
 rather tall, with hair the color of a chestnut when 
 fully ripe, smooth to the ears, and then curling, 
 and flowing down upon the shoulders; in the 
 midst of the forehead a stream, or partition of 
 hair. His beard was of the same color, and very 
 full, but not long. His eyes grey and clear. His 
 nose and mouth of a form such as no description 
 on earth could represent them. His forehead was 
 without wrinkle or spot; His posture, one of 
 gracefulness and symmetry beyond description.'' 
 
 only be His particular form of organiza- 
 tion (and head) for the manifestation 
 of Himself. As it is with Him, so it 
 is with us : according to our organiza- 
 tion (and head) , so will be our life and 
 character. The Saviour of mankind 
 was limited by His humanity and by 
 His environment, and so are we. He 
 learned to go about His Father's busi- 
 ness — and so may we, whether we 
 have one talent or ten, according to 
 " our several ability." The form of 
 our head will indicate it or them ; and 
 our ability for manifesting the same 
 shall be as perfect in its exhibition of 
 our character, work, and place in the 
 race — national, local, or personal — as 
 His was for His appointed work. 
 
 Every character must be judged by 
 its own head, or the brain by which or 
 through which that character is mani- 
 fested, and not by comparison to or 
 with some other head, real or imagin- 
 ary, which shall be set up as a model 
 head. What each man or woman can 
 do, or is capable of doing, will be with- 
 in the limits of their own organization, 
 brain development, form, and not be- 
 yond it. Form is the universal lan- 
 guage of physiology, constitution, and 
 being ; by it, and through it, we see 
 and interpret nature — man or monkey, 
 beast or bird, in connection therewith. 
 Form has its relation to intellect and 
 character. With variation of form we 
 associate variety of ta^lent, capacity, 
 and disposition. If one man manifests 
 more energy and efficiency in a given 
 direction than another, it must not be 
 assumed he is superior, mentally or 
 morally, to that other, since it may be 
 found tliat in certain directions the 
 
PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 
 
 29 
 
 second may manifest talents and capa- 
 bilities, and in them throw the first 
 completely in the shade. But wherein 
 each severally excels, the cranial form- 
 ation shall correspond therewith. 
 Thus a sluggish, inactive life, cannot 
 be found with large *' vitativeness," 
 " hope," and moderate" cautiousness." 
 Nor an active life with moderate " vi- 
 tativeness," "destructiveness," "hope," 
 and large " cautiousness." The en- 
 ergy and executiveness of one man 
 may be the natural expression of 
 " firmness," " self-esteem," " hope," 
 and- *' destructiveness " ; of another 
 that of " hope," " approbativeness," 
 " destructiveness," and " combative- 
 ness." The former will be fired to ac- 
 tion by an entirely diflTerent motive 
 from that of the latter, and the goal of 
 their ambition, as far apart as the 
 poles. What the motives may be, or 
 incentives to action, will be as readily 
 discernible in the form of the head. 
 While we are careful to exclude the 
 hypothetical model, or standard model 
 head of well-meaning but imaginative 
 souls, it is no less certain that good 
 heads have such characteristics in 
 form which distinguish them from such 
 as are bad or indiflferent. This, how- 
 ever, requires neither argument nor 
 illustration to demonstrate. The 
 mere suggestion should be suflficient 
 for all practical purposes. Thus, for 
 the exercise of sound judgment, pene- 
 tration, cognizance of the useful or 
 useless, expedient or inexpedient, 
 there must be more than a fair intel- 
 lectual development of bniin. That 
 for energy and force, there must first 
 be that basis in the constitution best 
 
 adapted to give them. In every in- 
 stance the intellectual capacity, and 
 the energy and force, will be indicated 
 by the form and appearance of the in- 
 dividual ; the size and contour of the 
 brain, as indicated by the skull, the 
 surest index. Whether we note our 
 politicians, statesmen, ministers, or 
 business men, who are to the forefront 
 in their special spheres in life, the men 
 who have risen and struck out, so to 
 speak, above and beyond the ordinary 
 file of society, and become its rank or 
 leaders, we find the greatest variety of 
 cranial formation, of constitution, tem- 
 perament, or physiology and form. 
 For instance, in politics how dissimilar 
 Disraeli, Gladstone, Bright, and Par- 
 nell. In religion, Spurgeon, Parker, 
 Caird, and Story. The greatest points 
 of difference or excellence of talent and 
 capacity, corresponding with those 
 differences of quality, constitution, and 
 cranial formation, detectable to the 
 e^e of the skilled observer and phre- 
 nologist. Each head must be judged 
 on its own merits, by its own form, 
 and by the constitution of the individ- 
 ual, and not by attempting to adjust 
 them to some given standard of brain 
 form, and physical quality of organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 HEALTH. , 
 
 In giving a delineation of character, 
 we do not overlook certain important 
 conditions which indicate quality — as 
 size indicates quantity, or form the 
 tomi)eramcnt. One of the most im- 
 portant of these conditions is Health. 
 
 In estimating how heiiltiiy a person 
 is, and Uow far their j) resent condition 
 
'AO. 
 
 niRENOLOG Y MA DE' EA ST. 
 
 of bealtli xnv.y or does affect the 
 powers of their mind or the manifes- 
 tation of their character — intellect- 
 ually, morally, and what not — the 
 l)hrenologist does not require to have 
 the training of the physician or 
 medical expert ; nor is it necessary for 
 him to adopt or imitate their methods 
 of diagnosis or solemn freemasonry of 
 technical nomenclature in expression. 
 If you cannot tell at a glance whether 
 your patron is healthy or not, neither 
 can you tell what the predominating 
 physiology or temperament is; nor 
 can you tell what is the quality of the 
 organization, what the form or size of 
 the brain may be, or w'hat the most 
 prominent characteristics of the indi- 
 vidual are. If you cannot tell these 
 you must either give up your notion to 
 become readers of character until you 
 have well trained your powers of ob- 
 servation and reflection, or remain 
 ignorant and pretentious phrenologists. 
 Better be an honest brickla^^er. 
 
 Health of mind and body is essential 
 to success in life. You can read bet- 
 ter with sound eyes than sore ones. 
 Think better without a headache than 
 with one. Enjoy the services of the 
 temple without a colic than with one. 
 " Fulness of bread " may puff up, but 
 hunger seldom renders one gracious or 
 grateful (although by it the Prodigal 
 came to himself, and the fear of it has 
 been a powerful incentive to industry 
 and invention). Dyspeptic sermons, 
 and the penitential utterance of the 
 drunkard's morning, cannot be consid- 
 ered wholesome, sound, or healthy 
 transactions. 
 
 A bilious man in the midst of a 
 
 bilious world can see no good in any- 
 body, and very little in himself. 
 " Livered," " hipt," and ja,undiced peo- 
 ple are never optimists. You might 
 as well dilate on the beauties of sun- 
 set tints on the western skies, or the 
 magnificent variegations of color 
 caused there by the restless, gorgeous, 
 and ever-rolling ocean to a sea-sick 
 passenger, as to expect expressions of 
 gratitude, admiration, and delight from 
 such people. In theor}^, they ought to 
 be " rejoicing in affliction," " glorying 
 in tribulation ; " but, in fact, they 
 don't ; " it's agin natur." Offended 
 nature punishes, and all suffering is 
 grievous. A powerful mind cannot be 
 manifested by or through a weak brain, 
 or brillancy of talent — special talent 
 — through defective organa It is im- 
 possible that greater clearness and 
 power, to say nothing of happiness of 
 mind, can be exhibited in disease than 
 in health, or else mankind should be 
 supremely happy, as they happen to 
 be more diseased than healthy. You 
 may rest assured whatever devitalizes 
 the i>rain and impairs the vigor or tone 
 of organization, lowers the tone, les- 
 sens the grip, and dulls the perceptions, 
 and modifies in proportion the mani- 
 festations of mind. In more serious 
 proportions is the mind affected or de- 
 stroyed as the ph3^sical defects of body 
 and brain become greater or more per- 
 manent. Some may esteem this rank 
 materialism ; I but see in it greater 
 need for men to know themselves bet- 
 ter, and to have some more regard for 
 their bodies and brains than heretofore 
 — " Honor God in their bodies," as 
 well as " their souls, which are God's." 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 Health is essential to right-thinking 
 and right (eous) actions. Great 
 thoughts, noble sentiments, words that 
 breathe and thoughts which burn, 
 words of life and vigorous actions, are 
 not the products of disease. Health is 
 necessary to greatness. It is not to 
 be denied that some have done Wonders 
 and achieved greatness under adverse 
 circumstances ; nevertheless, the prin- 
 ciples I contend for are true, and in no 
 way affected by apparent incidents of 
 an opposite character. Health is 
 largely a constitutional matter ; it 
 must be born in us. So there is some- 
 thing in blood after all. Nothing can 
 be more important to the individual 
 than to be born right, and after that 
 keep right. You must make the 
 hereditary and hygienic aspect of this 
 subject your study, so that you may 
 be the better adapted to help the fiiUen, 
 and support or succour the weak ; to 
 train men and women in the way they 
 should go. 
 
 Health, like character, manifests it- 
 self in structure, in form and appear- 
 ance. The manly,' virile step, action 
 and build, the clear eye, pure skin, can 
 be readily detected from the backbone- 
 less shuffle, the cod-fish ej^e, sallow 
 skin and toothless pouches of the i)lny- 
 od-outro//^and hypochondriac. Health 
 and disease play an important part in 
 character. Why is the bright and 
 brilliant man of yesterday, then so 
 clear-headed and prompt, so reliable 
 and manly, now so sapless, withered 
 and undone ? Yesterday, tlie nerve 
 currents flowed rhythmically, the 
 bright arterial blood bounded on its 
 appointed course, while the venous ^ 
 
 blood returned with healthy even 
 flow to its destined haven. To-day, 
 all this is altered, fell disease has done 
 its work and has made all the differ- 
 ences we note in character. Out- 
 wardly, all of the man appears the 
 same. In organic quality, tempera- 
 ment, size and form of body and head, 
 there are no radical changes as yet : 
 only the health spirit has fled. The 
 breathing, circulatory, digestive and 
 nutritive forces are altered. The tem- 
 perature of the body has undergone a 
 marked change. The activity and 
 briskness, clear-headedness and force 
 with which the character was marked 
 are no longer there. The conditions 
 of health, or rather absence of health, 
 making all the difference, etc. This is 
 an extreme illustration, but will serve 
 my purpose. There are various de- 
 grees of health, from the buoyancy 
 and soundness of youthful days, to 
 the haleness which often accompanies 
 good old age. it would be as impos- 
 sible to describe the innumerable 
 stages and degrees of health or 
 disease, as it would be to describe the 
 innumerable forms of head which a 
 phrenologist in fair practice would 
 handle in twelve months. In good 
 health the flame of life burns normally ; 
 soundness of constitution is exhibited 
 by ease, in the performance of all 
 physical functions, such actions creat- 
 ing the highewt degree of enjoyment. 
 And within phrenological expression, 
 activity, buoyancy, clear-headedness, 
 pleasurable feelings and happiness re- 
 sulting therefrom. The flame of life 
 may burn low ; may have been ahvays 
 feeble through inherited weakuesQ or 
 
32 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY 
 
 disease. The possessor of such de- 
 bilitated constitution is ever feebly 
 struggling for existence, life being 
 made up of fitful gleams, and lingering 
 hopes. Or the flame burns low, be- 
 cause of reckless expenditure and 
 prodigality of life force, the condition 
 of organization being but the natural 
 outcome of a long train of devitalizing 
 habits, which in themselves may have 
 arisen out of abnormal mental or sen- 
 suous predilections, — or from some one 
 or many of those accidental develop- 
 ments of self-gratification to which 
 uninstructed human nature is some- 
 what prone. Improper diet, excess in 
 eating and drinking, and insanitation 
 will be found to lie at the root of nine- 
 tenths of all human depravity re- 
 flected in this condition of health — or, 
 rather, the want of it. Again, the 
 flame of life may burn high, too high, 
 strong and uncontrollable. Illicit 
 passions and high burning fevers may 
 bring a strong constitution low, and 
 terminate the existence of a feeble 
 one. In the first, life is the outcome 
 6f healthy, natural, or normal condi- 
 tions. In the second, there is a lack of 
 those conditions which make up 
 healthy life. In the third, or last, 
 there is the rapid and fiery consump- 
 tion of life as exhibited in fevers, and 
 other violent adjustments of the vis 
 medicatrix naturae to cast out disease 
 and resume dominance in the organi- 
 zation. As a phrenological prac- 
 titioner, you will meet with " the 
 seven ages of man ; " so will you meet 
 with all conditions of life as affected by 
 health and disease. It will be your 
 duty to see how far character is af- 
 
 fected by these conditions, and in what 
 proportion, and by your advice — 
 hygienic advice rather than medical — 
 you will aid your patrons to return to 
 the best conditions of life most in 
 harmony with the laws of health. 
 
 Some individuals may be overflow- 
 ing with life, buoyancy, and all the 
 happiness which comes with it. It 
 will be yours to teach them how to 
 treasure what they have, how to pre- 
 serve and maintain, how to utilize and 
 direct the same into useful channels. 
 Others may have less of this constitu- 
 tional buoyancy and vigor, yet be 
 sturdy and robust, able to manifest 
 great physical power, endure labor, 
 pain, and hardships with fortitude. 
 Help these to cultivate their mental 
 and moral powers, to preserve their 
 health, that their powers of usefulness 
 may be increased and prolonged. Oth- 
 ers may have a fair degree of vital 
 stamina ; let them know the value of 
 self-denial, temperance, of a calm and 
 peaceful mind, so that they may avoid 
 overwork and all extremes which ex- 
 haust nature, and hasten the prema- 
 ture termination of life. Others, 
 again, may have but a fair degree of 
 health, without buoyancy, sprightli- 
 ness, or zeal — onl}^ suflScient to make 
 them slow (if conscientious) workers, 
 if so directed. Direct each according 
 to character, health, ability, and the 
 materials with which you have to work. 
 Others may be tame and mechanical, 
 without elasticity of step or brightness 
 of soul, lacking in health without ex- 
 hibiting any special form of disease. 
 Search out the cause, whatever it be, 
 bring it and your patient face to face. 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 33 
 
 It may be inherited, or the result of 
 ignorance, or, it may be, of sin — that 
 is, personal evil-doing. But, whatever 
 the cpuse or causes, if you can help, 
 let them not die from " lack of knowl- 
 edge." Their restoration to health is 
 the first parallel to be won. Mind 
 cannot be great or clear which has to 
 manifest itself through a brain en- 
 feebled by disease, and through a bod}^ 
 " scarce half-made up," and that of 
 such stuff, imperfect nutrition, poor 
 blood, and feeble nerves can make it. 
 
 Health is ease — ease the normal and 
 natural action of every phj- sical func- 
 tion in living things. Want of health, 
 or ill-health is disease — discomfort in 
 phj'sical action. Frequently, the dis- 
 ease is but an effort of nature to re- 
 store the normal condition of ease, or 
 health. 
 
 Health, then, is haleness, soundness, 
 completeness, wholeness, wholesome- 
 ness, righteousness of the physical or- 
 ganization. In plants, animals, and 
 man it is the basis of vigorous life. 
 In man the basis of orderly and vig- 
 orous life — " a sound mind in a sound 
 body." Ill-health or disease is natur- 
 ally the complement of the above, and, 
 therefore, the unnatural condition of 
 plants, animals, or man, as constituted 
 by the Supreme Being, and revealed 
 to those wlio care to read God's laws 
 as written within and without us — in 
 the constitution of man and his envi- 
 ronment. 
 
 Phrenology has to do with man — 
 with mind, and therefore with the laws 
 of health ; but as there cannot be mind 
 or (mental) laws of health without a 
 physiological basis, it is important to 
 
 the phrenologist that he should have 
 such an insight — pathological, if 3'ou 
 will — knowledge of that basis, so as to 
 be the true " guide, philosopher, and 
 friend " of those who shall consult 
 him. Apart from such phrenological 
 developments as tend to excitability, 
 despondency, unevenness, excessive 
 anxiety, defective hope, abnormal cau- 
 tiousness, and what not. Health plays 
 such an important part in man's dis- 
 position, ability, and character, no 
 genuine advice can be given without 
 taking these into consideration. It is 
 your duty, and the duty of every 
 phrenologist, to study human nature 
 honestly as a whole ; to study those 
 laws of life, being, health, hygiene and 
 sanitation, and apply them to the wel- 
 fare of himself and others who may 
 consult him. Let the phrenologist 
 magnify his ojjice by earnestly, anx- 
 iously, and truthfully striking at the 
 evils which underlie and undermine 
 health and character — whatever their 
 source — within or without the individ- 
 ual. If at all preventable and remov- 
 able causes, let him labor for their re- 
 moval. Preventive hj-giene or medi- 
 cine is hardly yet within the sphere of 
 medical practice and responsibility. 
 The medical man is, as a rule, called 
 in to prescribe and cure, not to advise 
 and educate the people, and prevent 
 disease ; much less to give instruction 
 in the art of living, in the formation 
 of right habits, or the i:rerfection of 
 character, or in the choice of pursuits. 
 It is the phrenologist who does this ; 
 and in doing so he cannot interfere 
 with the medical profession or prac- 
 tice, — save on the broad and higher 
 
34 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 grounds of the prevention of disease, 
 and" the physical, mental, and moral 
 improvement of the individual and the 
 community. 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL PaYSIOGNQMY. 
 
 AYhen you are estimating the influ- 
 ence of health and disease as affecting 
 character, the physiology of the indi- 
 vidual, as presented by his or her tem- 
 perament, will be found important. 
 Each temperament, according to its 
 predominance, will have its own char- 
 acteristic derangements, concerning 
 which the possessor of the tempera- 
 ment should ever be on his guard. 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOGNOMY might With 
 
 advantage be elevated to the dignitj^ 
 of a professorship and a chair in our 
 medical schools. As it is, it cannot 
 escape the attention of the observant 
 medico-phj'-siologist, or observant 
 phrenologist, that disease as well as 
 temperament have their characteristic 
 features or physiognomy by which 
 they can be diagnosed or detected. 
 
 A description of the various tem- 
 peramental conditions is not intended 
 now ; later on I shall briefly describe 
 them. Each temperamental condition 
 has its own peculiar innate or family 
 derangements — such as mental and 
 nervous diseases with the mental tem- 
 perament, diseases of the nutritive and 
 digestive viscera with the vital tem- 
 perament, rheumatic and muscular 
 diseases with the motive temperament. 
 The vital predisposes to short or acute 
 diseases, inflammatory in character ; 
 the motive to slow and chronic de- 
 rangements or diseases ; the combina- 
 
 tions of the temperament to various 
 complications. With one person acute 
 bronchitis shortens the career ; while 
 with another chronic and distressing 
 asthma hold its sway, but seems to 
 have no appreciable effect on the 
 longevity of the individual. Con- 
 sumption of the lungs may exist with 
 mental clearness, nervous excitation, 
 and delusive hopes — but not with 
 mental robustness. No condition of 
 disease can be favorable to mental 
 greatness, usefulness, and holiness. 
 
 The more perfect our physical and 
 mental conditions, the more perfectly 
 are we adapted for their manifestation. 
 Sickness may bring reflection, thought- 
 fulness, but I doubt if it ever brought 
 either great goodness or usefulness. 
 The Abrahams, Noahs, Elijahs, Johns, 
 Peters, and Luthers, the Joshuas, 
 Maccabes, Caesars, Washingtons, Well- 
 ingtons, Lincolns, and Grants, were 
 not creatures that would be sickly 
 saints if they could, but rather valiant 
 soldiers, healthy men, whose features 
 bore the impress of manliness as well 
 as goodness. 
 
 Sickness, disease, and death, I ad- 
 mit, have their uses in the order of 
 nature, creation, and Divine govern- 
 ment, or else they would not be. We 
 live because others have died ; and we 
 will live and die to repeat the tale. It 
 has taken generations of deaths to fit 
 this world for man ; while, stranger 
 still, his death has contributed to his 
 advancement — i. e.^ mankind. Never- 
 theless, it is not sickly souls in rheu- 
 matic carcasses who move the umsses, 
 lead, guide, and control the world, it 
 is rather those who in the full posses- 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADt: EAST, 
 
 35 
 
 sion of all their poiS'^rs, have been 
 able to do so. 
 
 The deceased, sickly, or broken 
 down, are rather examples of violated 
 law, non-servitude to the CrGa;tor's 
 will or Nature's laws. Say what yon 
 will, cfut best life will be omit trtiest 
 life ; and our best and truest life can 
 only be the ontcome Of our healthiest 
 and purest conditions. 
 
 In times past or present, the wiiie 
 of inspiration has iiot beeti poured^ into 
 did bottles or broken flasks, but alwaj-s 
 iffto receptacles worthy or fitted for it. 
 Look high up or look down, search and 
 see, where has theirfe 1bc€tti €>ne sickly 
 lantern-jawed dyspeptic who doTie 
 otight for his day and generation 
 Worthy of the name, whidh might not 
 have been much better accomplished 
 When in the full possession (by health) 
 of his faculties ? I can point to the 
 man)^ who have stamped Oft those 
 about them the robustness of their 
 goodness, and the whole- heartedness 
 of their nature, by the mighty mag- 
 netism of loA^e and true earnestness of 
 purpose. , Decrepitude and disease can 
 only produce kindred fruit. The signs 
 of health and disease are not hard to 
 read. Vitativeness and longevity are 
 never found with ears buried iii the 
 head, or with a weak and ret locating 
 chin ; good digestion and correspond- 
 ing nutritive energy with a hollow 
 cheek and high cheek bones ; vitality 
 with a sunken and leaden expression ; 
 robust lungs with small nostrils and 
 thin and weak muscles ; vigorofts cir- 
 culation with a pale or yellow skin, 
 cold feet and hands. Persons hollow 
 beneath the eyes are predisposed to 
 
 consumption, while those who are full 
 there are strong in lung and sound in 
 wind and limb, etc. 
 
 Health and longevity are dependent 
 oft organization or constitution, good 
 habits and good surroundings, organ- 
 ism and environment, but principally 
 on organiisation. 
 
 The physician who is not a phrenol- 
 ogist, is necessarily at greater disad- 
 vantage in diagnosing disease than one 
 Who is both. A phrenologist is less 
 called npon to treat disease than he is 
 called to point out where character, 
 talent, ability, etc., are affected, modi- 
 fied, at UlndeiTnined by it. It is there- 
 fore of importance to you to know 
 whether the brain is supplied by 
 healthy or diseased blood ; whether the 
 mental and the ph^^sical powers are 
 working in harmony, or opposed to 
 each other, and in what degree ; 
 whether the mental powers are 
 strained, in what sense and by what 
 cause or causes ; all this is ift^portant 
 to you. It is foi- you to read charac- 
 ter through its physical basis of sound- 
 ness or otherwise. Behind the bright 
 eye, (fringed by long e^^elashes), deli- 
 cate nostrils, and soft and tender skin, 
 ITTctty heightened color, and fulness at 
 centre of each cheek — ^tlie ftice of 
 beauty, with all the vivacity and fick- 
 leness of manner — you may detect 
 phthisis or deadly consumption. In 
 fulness of flesh, bright eomiplexion, 
 and somewhat thick upper lip, yon 
 may detect scrofula. In pasty, dingy 
 complexions ; kidney disease. In 
 waxy appearances and bloodless feat- 
 ures ; uterine affections. In the ogling 
 glance and l-estless eye ; the persist- 
 
36 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 ence of amatory inconsistency and local 
 brain disease. In the persistent smil- 
 ing, staring, stupid and idiotic grin, 
 brain affections. In restlessness and 
 anxiety, depression of spirits, organic 
 nervous derangement of heart and 
 lungs. In the loose-hanging jaw, 
 ennuij want of spirit, ambition and 
 pluck, stomachic derangements, poor 
 digestion, mesenteric diseases; flush- 
 ing in the face with blueness under the 
 eyes in children, teething, worms, and 
 menstrual troubles; and in men and 
 women pneumonia, nervous exhaustion 
 and weakness. In the constant red 
 face, gouty tendencies, inflammatory 
 difficulties, and fondness of stimulants. 
 The face bloated and blotched with 
 red nose ; drunkenness or high living 
 and imperfect circulation. Red cheeks 
 with paleness about the mouth and 
 nose, sunken under the eyes, worms, 
 and intestinal difficulties. With the 
 wrinkled face, old age ; in children, 
 imperfect nutrition and precocity ; in 
 half-grown lads and men, immoral 
 habits, self-abuse, and venery. Yellow 
 complexion, with white of the eyes 
 tinged with yellow, torpid liver, inac- 
 tivity, sedentary habits, and so on. I 
 lay down no general law for you, so 
 much depends upon skill and practice. 
 It is true (in phrenology) you are not 
 required to administer medicine, prac- 
 tice midwifery or surgery. Your work 
 is to analyze character, to detect de- 
 fects therein and expose them with a 
 view to their successful eradication or 
 cure, whatever they may be — evil hab- 
 its, that they may be given up, secret 
 transgressions against light and 
 knowledge, so that by their exposure 
 
 they may fade away like ancient mum- 
 mies before the light of the sun and 
 exposure to air. To discover latent 
 talent, to direct manhood's gifts into 
 the most useful and noble channels, 
 and to help your fellow man in all 
 honest ways to a true knowledge of 
 himself. Where you find man's igno- 
 rance of self stand in his way of ad- 
 vancement, it is your duty to enlighten 
 him according to your ability, to un- 
 derstand and appreciate your offices ; 
 therefore the importance you, as a 
 phrenologist, must attach to health, 
 and the desire which you should pos- 
 sess, to see that all who consult you 
 should maintain and foster such health 
 as they have, and live in the full use 
 of their powers, physical, mental, and 
 moral, and in the abuse of none. 
 
 "That tone of mind depends upon 
 vigor of organization " cannot be too 
 often borne in mind, or repeated as a 
 phrenological and physiological ax- 
 iom ; defective vigor in the one means 
 defective tone in the other. Defective 
 health means, then, less vigor and 
 tone than would be possible under a 
 normal condition of health. 
 
 MEMORY. 
 
 By health, the best foundation of 
 memory can be laid. As health is 
 essential to the growth, vigor, and ro- 
 bustness of all our faculties, it follows 
 that with an impaired nervous system 
 and a depleted brain, memory will be 
 less tenacious and reliable than when 
 the organization is unimpaired and the 
 brain sound and vigorous. No matter 
 how perfect the brain, even though 
 the possessor is in a fair state of 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 37 
 
 health, a heavy dinner an unusual 
 glass of spirits, an exhausting walk, a 
 sleepless night, a slight cold, are often 
 sufficient to impair memory and inter- 
 fere with normal brain action. How 
 much more likely are the mental 
 powers — memory — liable to be affected 
 when the brain is depleted by disease, 
 or when the course of life-work, morals 
 — or the want of them — have been 
 making unseen but steadfast drain 
 upon the vitality ? You will some- 
 times observe that the undue action 
 of certain organs — say, of the social 
 or selfish group — have effectually 
 drained the knowing and reflective 
 organs .of all reliability of action in 
 early life, which, later on, should be 
 only the product of senility. Facts 
 and incidents of twenty years ago, 
 impinged upon the brain when mobile 
 and active, and all the faculties more 
 capable of photographing vivid im- 
 pressions, will be remembered b}^ some 
 persons quite readily, when the facts 
 and incidents of twenty weeks ago — 
 twenty hours ago — are forgotten ; for- 
 gotten, owing to the lack of vitality, 
 and therefore less impressionability of 
 the brain to receive impressions. 
 
 Health is essential to memory. The 
 kind of memory will depend upon the 
 brain formation. A child with small 
 " form " and " imitation " will have 
 some difficulty to remember and re- 
 produce copy, or writing and drawing 
 exercises, than another with the same 
 quality and health of brain, but more 
 favorably endowed with these faculties. 
 Boys with a talent for figures will ])e 
 better endowed with a good memory 
 for figures than other lads wanting in 
 
 "calculation'' and " causality." Per- 
 sons who have no brains to appreciate 
 facts will be poorly impressed with 
 them, and consequently have a poor 
 memory for them and so on. It must 
 not be forgotten whatever the charac- 
 teristic memory — mind powers — pres- 
 ent, retrospective and active, the mem- 
 ory will he exalted by health and de- 
 teriorated by disease. 
 
 There are many persons who com- 
 plain of their memory, when the fact 
 really is that for some things only 
 their memory is bad — some only ; and 
 as often as not, it is not until the 
 phrenological practitioner has clearly 
 pointed out the special area of the de- 
 fect in memory, that they become 
 truly acquainted with their mental 
 condition in this respect. Phrenology 
 ascertains and points out in what par- 
 ticular memory is defective, and the 
 cause or causes of the defect : deficient 
 brain formation, deficient exercise of 
 the faculty complained of — such as de- 
 fective education or imperfect interest ; 
 lack of brain vitality, imperfect health, 
 and the cause of the imperfect health ; 
 to any of these, or all combined, may 
 be traced the defect in memory com- 
 plained of. The phrenologist is called 
 upon to advise the best steps to be 
 taken for the renewal of the mind to 
 its early vigor, presence, and power, 
 or to such improvement as may be 
 radically possible. Herein your knowl- 
 edge of character and of hygiene can 
 be applied with true advantage. 
 
 Health and memory are again iiiti- 
 matel}^ associated with the right exer- 
 cise of the self-preservative organs. 
 The self-preservative organs, \v\'\ to 
 
38 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 themselves, are but " blind leaders of 
 the blind." " Alimentiveness " simply 
 gives the desire for, and is gratified 
 by, eating and drinking ; but lacks 
 discriminating knowledge, is not en- 
 abled to distinguish between the good 
 and the bad, merely selecting that 
 which gratifies the appetite most. It 
 may long for and eat forbidden fruit 
 and die. It may eat from mere neces- 
 sity from the edible clays of South 
 America to the street garbage of our 
 cities and towns — but not from knowl- 
 edge. " Alimentiveness " must be ed- 
 ucated. " Yitativeness " gives love of 
 life, creates an instinctive desire to 
 live and preserve life; but how, de- 
 pends upon whether it is guided by 
 " a Yoice from Heaven " reaching it 
 from above through the moral and in- 
 tellectual organs, or from " below," 
 tempting it to revel in sensuous en- 
 joyment with " alimentiveness," " to 
 eat, drink and be merry ; " or with 
 perverted " amativeness " "to waste 
 its substance with harlots ; " or in 
 lesser follies, esteeming such gratifica- 
 tion as the highest acme of human 
 happiness — i.e., its gratification. Cour- 
 age, (combativeness) may just as 
 readily defend " vitativeness," as to 
 give it daring to go to extremes. 
 Courage, without the restraining in- 
 fluences of conscience and caution, has 
 often led " vitativeness " to " see life," 
 " go out into the world," and through 
 a " carnival of fun " terminate exist- 
 ence in the dance of death. " Execu- 
 tiveness,"destructiveness, may destroy 
 to find food to sustain life ; " acquisi- 
 tiveness," to store it ; and " secretive- 
 ness " to secure it ; or " love of wom- 
 
 an " to prodigality, waste, and extrav- 
 agance. For the unguided dominion 
 of these propensities to lead their 
 gratification pure and simple, without 
 regard to the wisdom or the folly of 
 the act, providing the act gives pleas- 
 ure to the actor. The mental and 
 moral faculties may be misused, but it 
 is the abuse of the propensities, wil- 
 fully or ignorant ly, which lies at the 
 base of three-fourths of 4:he ills which 
 humanity are heir to. If the improper 
 use, or abuse, of any of the faculties 
 of mind, or organs of the brain, lead 
 to the undermining of the health— ^to 
 loss of memory, to the destruction of 
 character — it is the phrenologist's duty 
 to become a true preacher of " right- 
 eousness, temperance, and judgment " 
 to those who seek his counsel. The 
 reciprocal action of health and charac- 
 ter are interblended, and never can in 
 this life at least be disassociated. 
 Every phrenologist worthy of the 
 name studies phj^siology, the laws of 
 health, the principles of hygiene, per- 
 sonal and domestic sanitation. He is 
 not trespassing on the province of the 
 medical practitioner. Thus, in so pre- 
 paring yourself for your work as a 
 phrenologist without such study and 
 observation, your ability to discern 
 and analyze character will be limited ; 
 not only so, but you will fail to give 
 suitable advice in circumstances where 
 your advice would be most necessary 
 and most surely appreciated. 
 
 APPLIED PHRENOLOGY.— 
 FOURTH LECTURE. 
 
 In the preceding addresses, I have 
 considered some health conditions, as 
 
PHRENOLOOY MADE EASY. 
 
 39 
 
 affecting memory and character, and 
 have endeavored briefly to point out 
 some of the physical or physiog- 
 nomical signs indicating the same. 
 In this address, I shall briefl}^ review 
 the temperaments, and other condi- 
 tions, which are essential to duly con- 
 sider in i-eading character, and con- 
 elude with a hint or two on conduct in 
 the consulting room. Next in import- 
 ance of modif3'ing or qualifying influ- 
 ences are the temperaments. For the 
 sake of clearness and brevity, phren- 
 ologists wisely take for their bases of 
 temi}erament8 the natural physiolog- 
 ical bases of the organization in 
 health, and not the pathological and 
 ph)^9iological classification of the medi- 
 cal schools. By the term tempera- 
 ment, we understand that condition or 
 state of body depending upon the rela- 
 tive energy of its various functions. 
 As a matter of fact, there are as many 
 temi)eraments as there are functions 
 in the organization, but they are all 
 subordinate to the three grand tem- 
 peraments, or physiological systems 
 into which the organization is divided; 
 viz., the nutritive or vital tempera- 
 ment, the mechanieal or motive tem- 
 perament, the nervous or mental tem- 
 perament. 
 
 The vital tenii>erament is, then, 
 based on the nutritive system, i. e., 
 the lungs, stomach, blood, and lym- 
 phatic organic nervous system ^ the of- 
 fice of which is to elaborate life or 
 vitality. It is presented in two promi- 
 nent forms : First — in greater width 
 and depth of tlie cavity of the thorax 
 or chest, than of the alwlominal region. 
 Hence the greater activity of the 
 
 arterial s^'stem, the lungs and capillary 
 vessels being most prominent. The 
 eyes are blue or grey ; hair, light 
 brown, auburn, or red ; complexion of 
 '' good color " — bright or florid. The 
 individual in general character is noted 
 for warmth, enthusiasm, genialit}^, 
 fondness for life, good company, 
 " goodness of heart," and pleasant so- 
 cial surroundings. It is the money- 
 making temperament, makes the most 
 of everything — ease, comfort, gener- 
 osity, domesticity, etc. Second — form 
 of the temperament presents greater 
 fulness of the abdominal region than 
 of the chest and thorax, greater 
 activity of the lymphatic system than 
 in the foregoing, less arterial activity-, 
 slowness in breathing, (nature requir- 
 ing greater mental and physical 
 stimuli to arouse it), paleness of skin, 
 and, in some instances, presenting 
 general flabbiness ; hair light to dark. 
 Vitality is manufactured faster than 
 there is activity, mental or phj^sical, 
 to work it off. This is the grease- 
 making organization, and is often ac- 
 companied by a character in which 
 laziness and selfishness are personified. 
 To lounge, sit, eat, drink, smoke, and 
 gratify the sensuous nature generally, 
 as opposed to mental and moral great- 
 ness, is characteristic. Then there is 
 the lymphatic, bilious form of this 
 temperament, which gives a pendu- 
 lous abdomen — a Falstaffian corpora- 
 tion of unuHual proportions, so dear to 
 " City Alderman," " Poor-law Guar- 
 dians," and such retired respectability 
 as indulges in sumptuous feasts and 
 wine baiKjuets at other peoples' ex- 
 pense. The lymphatic and bilious 
 
40 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 form of this temperament are abnor- 
 mal or diseased physiological condi- 
 tions of the organization. Mental lan- 
 gor and debility, sluggish circulation, 
 with its innumerable diseases, stom- 
 achic derangements, dropsy, tumors, 
 scrofula, bad legs, bad heart, and a 
 bad liver, are some of its fruits. Yet 
 what else can be expected than that a 
 man should have a bad liver who has 
 a bad heart, and who daily violates the 
 good laws of nature, instead of learn- 
 ing that obedience which brings des- 
 tined happiness in its train ? 
 
 The motive temperament is based 
 on the mechanical system, the tent- 
 poles and ropes of our earthly taber- 
 nacle, our framework of bones, and 
 muscles, and ligaments. This tem- 
 perament presents itself in two forms 
 — the dark or bilious, the light or san- 
 guine, in proportion as the lungs, 
 heart, liver, stomach, etc., are influen- 
 tial in the organization. This is the 
 temperament of manliness, industry, 
 energy, determination, self-reliance, 
 muscular power, and physical endur- 
 ance. Character in this, as in the 
 foregoing or vital temperament, will 
 be powerfully influenced by its pre- 
 dominance. As stated elsewhere, the 
 brain formation will correspond with 
 the dominating temperament. 
 
 The mental temperament is based 
 upon the brain, spinal cord, and nerv- 
 ous system ; motor, sensory and sym- 
 pathetic. This is the temperament of 
 " I think," as the vital is of " I live 
 and I enjoy," or the motive of " I work 
 and execute." It is the temperament 
 of progress and culture. Its excess is 
 the curse of civilization ; its want, the 
 
 characteristic of barbarism. It is 
 needless to say there can be no sensi- 
 tiveness of feeling, keenness of enjoy- 
 ment, susceptibility of suflering or 
 capacity for enjoyment, mental or 
 moral progress or greatness, without 
 the existence of this temperament. 
 Character corresponds to its influence. 
 The size and form of the head indicate 
 its presence by the fulness of the per- 
 ceptive, knowing, intellectual, intui- 
 tional, spiritual, and semi-refining 
 faculties. 
 
 The vital temperament includes the 
 breathing, circulatory, and digestive 
 powers, and is affected by the natural 
 or healthy, abnormal or diseased, con- 
 dition of the organs manifesting these 
 functions, the character corresponding. 
 The mental temperament is character- 
 ized by a head relatively large, and a 
 comparatively small, neat body. The 
 features of the face are delicately 
 moulded, fineness throughout mani- 
 fested ; voice, clear, silvery, and flexi- 
 ble. It is the temperament of refine- 
 ment. The figure is graceful or ele- 
 gant, rather than robust or command- 
 ing. Activity, clearheadedness, and 
 excitability or susceptibility to impres- 
 sions, are characteristics. Nothing is 
 so desirable as a healthy condition of 
 this temperament ; nothing so unde- 
 sirable as the reverse. The finer the 
 organization, the more liable it is to 
 derangement. 
 
 In animal life and processes the vital 
 is creative — broods, breeds, and sus- 
 tains ; the motive executes, builds, en- 
 gineers, and pioneers ; the mental orig- 
 inates, perceives, reflects, and refines. 
 All are interlinked, and combine their 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 41 
 
 forces for good or ill, according to the 
 quality of the organization and brain 
 capacity, size, and shape. 
 
 Activity of organization is indicated 
 by litheness, slenderness in men as in 
 animals — race-horse, greyhound, and 
 antelope are examples. Excitability 
 by sharpness ; sharp features, pointed 
 noses and chins, thin straight lips, are 
 signs. Thin straight lips are not de- 
 sirable ; although they may indicate 
 cuteness, penetration, they are seldom 
 accompanied by coolness of judgment, 
 patience, or affection. 
 
 That character is influenced by pre- 
 dominence of temperament is un- 
 doubted. It is desirable to have a bal- 
 ance of temperament in harmonious 
 proportion to have a harmonious 
 character. Where the mental temper- 
 ament is dominant, there may be intel- 
 lectual brilliancy, at the lack of gen- 
 eral strength or force. Where the 
 vital predominates there may be love 
 of ease, comfort, life, and present grati- 
 fication, at the cost of moral and intel- 
 lectual growth and spirituality. The 
 motive temperament in excess would 
 give slowness, ruggedness, and angu- 
 larity to character. Where the tem- 
 peraments are more harmoniously 
 blended — the motive, giving endur- 
 ance; the vital, ardor ; the mental, in- 
 telligence and spirituality ; — we find 
 health, vigor, long life, great useful- 
 ness and goodness as the outcome of 
 such completeness and full-orbing of 
 the organization. 
 
 Organic quality is that quality of 
 organization wliicli is innate, inbred — 
 the quality of our breeding, good or 
 l>a<l, which conies with ourselves into 
 
 this life. It underlies all temperament. 
 It gives fineness to the motive, and 
 makes a Gladstone of one who might 
 otherwise have been a coal-heaver. It 
 gives purity to the vital, and makes a 
 Spurgeon of one who might have been 
 a tapster or brewer's vanman. It re- 
 fines the mental, and tends to goodness 
 of soul and life, as it gives grain, fine- 
 ness of grain or fibre to the organiza- 
 tion. It is more easily perceived, de- 
 tected, than described, beyond the in- 
 formation already recorded in our text- 
 books. It is the mystic power pervad- 
 ing our being which proclaims our 
 lineage, and gives tone, bias, and in- 
 tensity to our entire nature — mental 
 and phj'-sical. It is not a polished 
 coin, but the purity of the metal of 
 which the coin is made. It is not the airs 
 and mannerisms of my lady, or lady's 
 lady, the etiquette of ballrooms or the 
 tricks and jargon of this set or of that 
 society. It is inbred perfection, con- 
 genital and hereditary, and is indicated 
 by the general harmony of form, tex- 
 ture of skin, fineness of hair, delicacy 
 (not unhealthiness) and refinement 
 of structure throughout. 
 
 CONSULTATIONS. 
 
 In giving consultations the profes- 
 sional phrenologist will, as a rule, be 
 more frequently consulted by women 
 than by men. Woman has naturally 
 more curiosity than man ; her own 
 natural intuitions lead her in the di- 
 rection of phrenology. She knows her 
 little ones best, is spent, and spends 
 hours with them that is not possible to 
 num. On her is largely thrown the 
 burden of moulding the characters of 
 
42 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 her children. Nevertheless, notwith- 
 standing her intimate knowledge of 
 the children, she finds ranch to i>erplex, 
 much to explain, and in phrenology 
 finds just the information she most 
 needs. Woman is more observant and 
 intuitive than man : she feels, and sees, 
 and arrives at the truth of things, and 
 gets at the heart of her little circle, 
 concerning which man has done but lit- 
 tle except to touch the outward fringe. 
 She feels, he reasons. Woman has 
 greater love for children as a rule 
 than man, and is more likely than he to 
 consult the phrenologist when she finds 
 her own judgment at fault as to the 
 best steps to take for her children's 
 welfare, their management, how to 
 train them, what process of education 
 will be best to remedy their defects and 
 fit them for the work of life, how over- 
 come or counterbalance hereditary de- 
 fects, develop the moral and religious 
 nature and strengthen the mental, as- 
 certain what their special calling 
 should be, and how best to fit them for 
 it. Here, again, in the exercise of 
 your profession as a phrenologist you 
 will find you have not entered upon 
 a sinecure. The future usefulness 
 and happiness of these little ones 
 are in a measure in your hands. 
 When possible it is advisable that a 
 phrenological examination should be 
 made of both parents. It will materi- 
 ally help you to a fuller insight into 
 the children's characters. It will do 
 more, for, from tlie confidence which is 
 created by a careful examination of the 
 parents, will give all the more dili- 
 gence to carry out your advice given 
 on behalf of their children. By the 
 
 examination of the parents as well as 
 of the children, you will see how far 
 the boys partake of the mother's con- 
 stitution and disposition, the girls the 
 father's, or wherein the children ap- 
 proximate to the chai*acter of either 
 parent. What are the weaknesses and 
 eccentricities in the children, and in 
 w^hat sense they are inherited, inten- 
 sified, or modified. The knowledge 
 thus gained is invaluable ; invaluable 
 alike to the phrenologist, parents, and 
 the children. The husband and wife 
 may not understand one another as 
 they should. Their individualities 
 and dispositions may clash rather than 
 blende They neither bear nor forbear. 
 A phrenological examination will en- 
 able them to realize where they are most 
 likely to be inharmonious, and what 
 steps they must take if they would live 
 well and do well together, and have 
 t^eir children well brought up by the 
 greater influence of example support- 
 ing precept. What is more import- 
 ant still, that their unborn children 
 might not inherit their "jars" and 
 " cranks." You will have to advise 
 young people how to make judicious 
 marriages. Such marriages, to be har- 
 monious and lasting, must be predi- 
 cated on the approximation of moral 
 and mental natures, harmony in tastes 
 and pursuits, similarity of position, 
 means and religious views, otherwise 
 they may be slightly contrasted in or- 
 ganization and tempei'ament. The 
 mental temperament, seeking more 
 fibre and vitality for the oflspring by 
 marriage with one who has these char- 
 acteristics in a larger degree. AH 
 extremes and positive contrasts should 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY 
 
 43 
 
 be avoided. An " orderly " man and 
 a " disorderly " woman, can never be 
 happy. A " saving " woman and a 
 " thoughtless " man, would make a bad 
 pulling team for life. Where the par- 
 ties are likely to dovetail in the major 
 points of constitution, health, disposi- 
 tion and tastes, the union will become 
 as conjugall}' complete in time as the 
 ossification of the frontal bone in the 
 skulls of most people. 
 
 Great judgment is required to give a 
 calm and impartial decision in a mat- 
 ter like this. When you, as the ex- 
 aminer, are sure of the character of 
 each, 3'-ou should in the discharge of 
 3'our duty put all points ctf agree- 
 ment and disagreement before your 
 clients, leaving with them the respon- 
 sibility of acting according to 3'our 
 advice. In this, as in other matters, I 
 only make suggestions here. Their 
 practical application must depend upon 
 the experience and ability which you 
 will have to apprehend the natures 
 and dispositions of those who call upon 
 3'ou, and ^-our client's power to apply 
 the advice given. 
 
 In the examinations of the heads of 
 men and women it will be found, as a 
 rule, men possess characteristics purely 
 niasculme, the woman those which are 
 feminine. It has been observed in 
 some instances that the female pos- 
 sesses certain masculine traits, and 
 some men the feminine ; but whether 
 male or female, the character will al- 
 ways con*espond with tlie organiza- 
 tion and cranial development of each. 
 The average size of a woman's head is 
 smaller than that of man. So is her 
 body smaller than that of man. In 
 
 many instances it will be found that 
 her head is relatively larger in pro- 
 portion to her body than that of man. 
 Also that woman's organization is the 
 finer, as well as possessing a greater 
 proportion of brain and nervous de- 
 velopment to the size of the body, 
 than in the case of her lord and master. 
 There is a vulgar idea abroad that wo- 
 man is inferior to man : this is a gross 
 error. She may be, and is, inferior to 
 man ph3'sically in some respects, and 
 is thereby unfitted to do a man's work, 
 or fulfil the duties of a man in his 
 special province in life. It is not in- 
 tended, however, that she should do 
 man's work, any more than man should 
 do her work and fill her position in 
 life. Nevertheless, woman can run 
 man very close, and beat him in most 
 pursuits in life. In fact, there is but 
 little man can do which a woman could 
 not do better, except being a father. 
 She can manage an estate, be a banker 
 or a bill-broker, navigate a ship, prove 
 a true physician, and is the onl}' true 
 nurse ; as in physics so in law, divinitj', 
 and learning she has proved herself 
 man's compeer. In the true spirit of 
 courage, devotion, and hero (ine) ism 
 she has proved herself man's equal. Of 
 course there are two sides to this as to 
 all other questions. Woman is onl}- in- 
 ferior to man in matters purely mascu- 
 line, as man is inferior to woman in 
 matters purely feminine. What a 
 poor hand a man makes at womanly 
 work and womanly duties if left to 
 himself! Yet how indignant he would 
 be, if, in consequence, he was per- 
 l>etually informed he was inferior to 
 woman. Is it not true that, woman 
 
44 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 being physically incapable of doing 
 man's work, she is esteemed to be his 
 inferior ? 
 
 Men and women have their respec- 
 tive spheres in nature, the boundary 
 lines of which they cannot cross, any 
 more than the Ethiopian can change 
 his skin or the leopard his spots. 
 They are essential to each other, the 
 complements of each other, helpmates 
 to one another, but in no sense in- 
 ferior to each other. It amuses me to 
 see a paper-collar nonentity selling 
 stays and tape, pins and laces to a 
 woman, calling himself a man, and 
 declare that the sex which produced 
 the mother of Christ, and Elizabeth 
 Fry, a Grace Darling, a Florence 
 Nightingale, anoble-souled sister Dora, 
 and gentle loving mothers and sisters 
 innumerable, with and without fame, 
 are inferior creatures to him, because 
 they don't swagger, smoke cigarettes, 
 take B.-and-S., and otherwise conduct 
 themselves as these " lords of crea- 
 tion "do, whose opinions of woman are 
 formed by the companionship, which 
 they most desire to keep. 
 
 As there are physical diflferences, 
 so there are mental differences which 
 distinguish the sex. Men are distin- 
 guished by certain mental and physical 
 characteristics which are purely mas- 
 culine and not possessed by woman ; 
 women are distinguished by certain 
 mental and physical characteristics 
 which men do not possess. Each have 
 their own sphere of life and action. 
 The weakness or inferiority of either 
 must hinge on the answer to the ques- 
 tion, Which of the two sexes most 
 faithfully and admirably discharge the 
 
 duties of their allotted spheres ? Who- 
 ever reads may answer Is intuition, 
 delicacy, tenderness, purity, order, 
 love of offspring, educatibility, obedi- 
 ence, respect for authority, love of the 
 true and beautiful, the superior prerog- 
 ative of man's or woman's nature? 
 Has woman ever had the encourage- 
 ment, kindly treatment, educational 
 advantages accorded to man ? Where 
 she has had such advantages has she 
 not held her own percentage for per- 
 centage, equalled the qualifications and 
 successes of men ? She may not dig 
 and build, invent and construct with 
 man, for by organization and divine 
 law he is to till the soil and she is to 
 mother and bring up his family ; she is 
 to instil her sweetness and purity into 
 the minds of his — not his, but their — 
 combined offspring. As a woman she 
 is stronger in many characteristics 
 than man, who is as a man stronger in 
 many characteristics than the woman. 
 That is all ; who then is the weak- 
 est ? Who shall answer ? God grant 
 that each man may learn to fulfil his 
 allotted sphere as creditably and as 
 truly as woman has shown herself 
 capable of doing. Who is inferior ? 
 Who shall answer ? It is an idle ques- 
 tion ; the outcome of animal strength, 
 brute force, and the ph3^sical domin- 
 ance of man — the creature of his 
 stronger passions and phj^sical 
 strength, not of his better self, which 
 finds in woman his other half, nor in or 
 from Him who from the beginning 
 made them to be one. 
 
 IN THE CONSULTING ROOM. 
 
 Receive visitors courteously ; hand 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 45 
 
 them your fee list ; take the names 
 and addresses of all who consult you ; 
 add thereto nature of consultation and 
 amount of fee paid. Place person to 
 be examined in a comfortable chair; 
 carefully note to the best of your ability 
 general appearance, health, tempera- 
 ment, and organic quality. Then 
 measure the head, manipulate, and pro- 
 ceed to describe character. If time 
 admit of it, the head can be described 
 by groups of organs — from the crown 
 of the head for will, purpose, resolu- 
 tion, application, or the want of these 
 characteristics ; from the side head for 
 hold upon life, executiveness, energy, 
 and courage, or otherwise ; from the 
 back head for domesticity, conjugality, 
 love of home, children, sociability, af- 
 fection, attachment, etc. ; from the per- 
 ceptiA-es for the bases they give to 
 character, how they see what their 
 possessor most desires to see, capacity 
 for localizing, individualizing, detect- 
 ing, and discriminating; the literary 
 faculties, the pursuit of knowledge, 
 how used or neglected, particular 
 memory and general memory, means 
 of cultivation, etc., the effect of health, 
 etc., and so on, until the moral and re- 
 ligious and semi-refining faculties are 
 included in your researches. Each 
 group, according to size and position, 
 describe to the best of your judgment, 
 the most prominent, and therefore the 
 most influential, group first. There is 
 nothing like making a good hit at the 
 beginning. It opens the mind of your 
 patron to listen attentively, and to se- 
 cure his or her attention to your sub- 
 sequent advice. The examination can 
 be closed ])y a resume of the whole, 
 
 briefly pointing out the leading char- 
 acteristics, strength or weakness, of the 
 person examined, — making allowances 
 for such combinations which seem 
 necessary. The phrenologist should 
 not joke, nor be familiar at any time 
 with patrons. At the same time he 
 should be kindly, sage, sober-minded, 
 and quietly uphold the dignity and 
 power of phrenology as a science by 
 his discrimination, thoughtfulness, 
 manner and appearance. 
 
 The phrenologist, like the medical 
 practitioner, should charge fees accord- 
 ing to the position he has attained in 
 the profession. It is, however, best to 
 be moderate at the beginning of 
 career, viz. : 2s. 6d. for a verbal con- 
 sultation ; 5s. for the same, with brief 
 written statement of character or 
 chart ; 10s. 6d. or £1 Is. for full writ- 
 ten statements, according to time 
 occupied, and the size of the written 
 analysis of character. If necessar}^, 
 one day a week might be set aside, 
 when a short verbal statement might 
 be given at reduced fees. 
 
 The consulting room should be cen- 
 trally located, in a self-advertising po- 
 sition. It should always be neat and 
 orderly, supplied with a selected stock 
 of literature on phrenology, physiology, 
 and health ; with hygienic appliances, 
 such as Indian clubs, dumb-bells, 
 health lifts, chest expanders, etc. By 
 keeping good and useful books a cor- 
 rect knowledge of phrenology is dis- 
 seminated, and suitable books should 
 be presented to the notice and sold to 
 patrons and patients after consulta- 
 tion, which may be deemed most use- 
 ful for them. 
 
46 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 PHIIENOLOGICAL QUERIES 
 AND ANSWERS. 
 
 FIFTH LECTURE. 
 
 Some of these queries have naturally 
 arisen in the minds of phrenological 
 beginners when attempting to apply 
 phrenology to practice, and have been 
 put to me by pupils in their anxiety 
 to get at practical results. I give 
 them and the answers here by way of 
 an appendix to " Applied Phrenol- 
 ogy." 
 
 1st query. 
 
 Persons generally come to phrenol- 
 ogists to test the science.. They are not 
 willing, as a rule, to give any kind of 
 information to the phrenologist, lest in 
 so doing, they may afford the examiner 
 some clue to their charactei*. Now, as 
 education necessarily exerts a power- 
 ful influence over character, how can 
 its influence be determined : from or- 
 ganization, temperament, or sharpness 
 — pointedness — in the development of 
 the phrenological organs., etc. ? 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 Those who treat a phi'enologist in 
 the above manner, simply exhibit ig- 
 norance of the nature and character 
 of the science whos« teachers or expo- 
 nents they are about to consult. They 
 also exhibit their own shallowness — 
 self-satisfaotion — in a very readable 
 manner. Most people when consult- 
 ing a i>ii3^sician, or a solicitor^ — seeking 
 medical or legal advice — generally 
 give all the information (from their 
 point of view) they can to their ad^ 
 viser. In doing so, they, think they 
 
 are acting best in their own interests. 
 Phrenological clients would best con- 
 sult their own interests if they would 
 act in the same reasonable manner. 
 If a parent would know for what his 
 boy was best adapted, he would do 
 well to inform the phrenologist what 
 are his own views on the matter ; also 
 volunteer information as to the boj^'s 
 education and inclination for certain 
 pursuits (if any). He might also 
 with advantage inform the examiner 
 about the classses of employments, 
 business pursuits, and professions in 
 his own neighborhood, and possible in- 
 fluence of himself and friends in ob- 
 taining an entrance for his child into 
 one or other of them. Two things — 
 the boy's education and the parents' 
 influence as to selection of pursuit — 
 will he important factors, in addition 
 to the youth's proclivities and charac- 
 ter, in enabling the conscientious prac- 
 titioner in arriving at a decision. 
 
 Education is not something added 
 to the character distinct from itself. 
 It is rather the innate qualities educed 
 or drawn out, improved upon or oth- 
 erwise by a certain course of discipline, 
 and the natural growth in civilization 
 of the various faculties under the 
 stimulus of the senses themselves, au- 
 tomatic or otherwise. Education is in 
 genei*al a storing of the mind by the 
 cultivation of memory — a process of 
 creating striking or vivid impressions 
 — which are to some extent afterward 
 retained, and can be automatically 
 and consciously reproduced. " Lan- 
 guage " (in memory and expression) 
 is drawn out, exercised or cultivated. 
 The faculties of observation are ap- 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 47 
 
 pealed to, and their attention directed 
 to certain objects — organic or inor- 
 ganic — ^in the world without. '' Cal- 
 culation," " eventuality," " compari- 
 son," and" causality," " time," " tune," 
 and " constructiveness " are in time 
 ' brought into play. A certain amount 
 of discipline is also exercised on the 
 moral, social and selfish nature, gener- 
 ally through " approbativeness " and 
 " acquisitiveness," etc. Perhaps the 
 most powerful agents of education are 
 those forces of example and associa- 
 tion, whether in school or out of it, 
 which affect the majority through 
 " imitation." 
 
 In any case, a person can only be 
 educated according to organization 
 and cranial development. Such quali- 
 ties as the j>erson may have can be 
 called out, exercised to their fullest, 
 or perverted to their lowest, according 
 to the character of the education. 
 Education neither adds to, nor con- 
 ceals anything from, the knowledge of 
 the practical phrenologist which may 
 not be practically detected in the 
 course of consultation. Whateverthe 
 influence or effect of the education, 
 unless most recent, it must be seen in 
 the permanent results produced in or- 
 ganization and character. 
 
 Education or discipline has a modi- 
 fying influence on innate capacity — 
 character — or else the phrenological 
 advice to " restrain " or " cultivate " 
 would be meaningless terms. 
 
 The stock-raiser and horse-trainer 
 would not pay so much attention to 
 breeding and " breaking in," had he 
 not already certain good materials to 
 work upon. What is this " breaking 
 
 in " but education — ^the directing of 
 the qualities or faculties the horse al- 
 ready possesses, so as to make him 
 more serviceable to man. No " break- 
 ing in " will give breed, stamina, spirit, 
 nerve, fineness of fibre, if not already 
 inherent. True, lack of training or 
 education will deteriorate these quali» 
 ties somewhat. No amount of edu- 
 cation can give capacity where it is 
 not possessed, neither can it change 
 inbred grain or quality. It cannot 
 change a cart-horse into a race-horse. 
 Although this *' breaking in," train- 
 ing, education, what not, with its 
 right feeding, good brushing, fair work, 
 and kindness in treatment, may make 
 the horse brighter, more healthy and 
 useful, yet, when all is done, the cart- 
 horse will still be no more than a cart- 
 horse, the race-horse a race-horse. 
 Neither can education change the 
 Ethiopian into a Caucasian, nor either 
 of them into aught else than what 
 their present organization and phreno- 
 logical development declare them ca- 
 pable of being. 
 
 The uneducated waif will be distin- 
 guished by his appearance from the 
 refined and cultured youth, and each 
 from each other, by the individuality 
 of their organization and cranial de- 
 velopment, rather than by the scho- 
 lastic attainments of the one, and the 
 utter lack of these in the other. So 
 5'^ou may know the true character of 
 either, as you would distingui^ a 
 drunken man from a sober one — not 
 by what he assumes to be, or by what 
 he hides, but by what he really is. 
 
 If the organization is fine, " the or- 
 gans of educatibility " — the observ- 
 
48 
 
 PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 
 
 ing, literary, reasoning, and intuitive 
 faculties — favorably developed, " con- 
 scientiousness," " acquisitiveness," 
 " constructiveness," " continuity," with 
 the semi-refining and aspiring faculties 
 sufficiently influential, you can pro- 
 nounce with certainty as to the influ- 
 ence of education. If certain organs 
 are more fully developed than others, 
 " locality " or *' causality," for in- 
 stance, should they present sharpness 
 or pointedness, it will indicate that 
 their development has been more re- 
 cent than that of other organs. 
 Roundness, fulness, and smoothness 
 are generally indicative of normal 
 growth. Exercise your judgment upon 
 careful examination. * 
 
 I understand, generally speaking, 
 education to mean primary, secondary, 
 and higher class scholastic training, 
 which is obtainable at our private and 
 public schools, academies, colleges, 
 and universities throughout the coun- 
 try ; but whether in this sense, or in a 
 broader one, my answer is sufficiently 
 full for practical purposes. I may 
 add that, in girls under 11, and boys 
 under 14, years of age, the influence 
 of education in the foregoing sense 
 will be quite appreciable in cranial 
 formation as well as in that " lighting 
 up " of the physiognomy which dis- 
 tinguishes the apt lad from the dull- 
 ard. The influence of education at 
 school, and its further development by 
 trade, occupation, pursuit, and habit, 
 is more detectable in woman and in 
 man than in childhood. The phreno- 
 logical development, build, physiog- 
 nomical expression of head and face 
 are then more definite. Educational 
 
 influences — i. e., scholastic training — 
 are most marked in those organiza- 
 tions which are fine in quality, full in 
 the frontal cerebral lobes, where the 
 mental temperament, in some of its 
 forms presents itself. In a word, 
 where there are brains to educate, 
 they can be educated ; and, if edu- 
 cated, the influence, and presence of 
 such influence, are discernible in " con- 
 tour and quality," and readily inter- 
 preted by the phrenologist. 
 
 In practice, skilful observation of 
 head and face, mannerism, ease, grace, 
 correctness or otherwise of speech, are 
 all worthy of consideration in estimat- 
 ing the influence of education. Such 
 indications are not to be despised, even 
 if their observation savor of common- 
 place. The influence of education is, 
 therefore, discernible in organization, 
 phrenological development, physiog- 
 nomy, and manners. 
 
 2nd query. 
 
 In taking the measurement of the 
 head, how should a chart be marked, 
 if the measurement one way is not in 
 proportion to measurements another 
 way ? You say, "The average size of 
 the male head is 22 inches in circum- 
 ference, with length and coronal height 
 about 14 J inches. This size I should 
 mark in register 4, or average 22^, 
 with corresponding length and height. 
 I should mark 5, or full." But sup- 
 pose there is not " corresponding 
 length and height," how do you man- 
 age then ? Do you make allowances 
 for these ilifferences in marking the 
 register, or no ? 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 49 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 Yes, always ! Marking charts, in 
 my private opinion, as far as the pub- 
 lic are concerned, is comparatively of 
 little scientific value. You can only 
 at best mark that which approximates 
 to your conception of the truth, as no 
 two heads are exactly alike ; the mark- 
 ing of certain stereotyped phrases 
 (however good and explanatory) can 
 never be satisfactory. It is useful 
 simply as an aid to the memory of the 
 person whose head has been examined, 
 and to the phrenologist, in that it 
 takes far less time to mark than it 
 would to write a careful and accurate 
 analysis of character. 
 
 When marking your chart take into 
 consideration, as much as possible, 
 " future conditions " as well " as pres- 
 ent development," and mark to en- 
 courage development of character, so 
 that each trait, strength or weakness, 
 may stand out clear to the person's 
 mind who seeks your phrenological 
 aid. Be particular to show clearly 
 what you want cultivated or re- 
 strained, in order to perfect character 
 within the limits of the possible ca- 
 pacity of the individual. 
 
 Where it can be done, always advise 
 your patrons to have a written state- 
 ment. Recommend . it not only as an 
 aid to their memory, but as being less 
 liable to misinterpretation and con- 
 tradictory statements than the mark- 
 ings on a chart sometimes suggest. 
 Your aim in marking a chart is to 
 give as accurate a delineation of char- 
 acter as the cijcumstances will admit. 
 Absolute correctness in every particu- 
 lar is not claimed, neither is it possi- 1 
 
 ble, and short of a written statement, 
 due allowance, in every case, must be 
 made to the examiner and the exam- 
 ined. It is well to accustom yourself 
 to writing " Summaries of Character," 
 and " Full written Analysis of Char- 
 acter." As I have hinted elsewhere, 
 write as you would speak ; use no 
 physiological, anatomical and phre- 
 nological technicalities which can be 
 avoided. Remember, you write to 
 give information and help — help to aid 
 the boy to be a man, the man to be the 
 better man, and both how to occupy 
 their truest and best sphere in life with 
 honor and credit to themselves. 
 
 In conclusion, as to these chart 
 markings, write down whatever you 
 consider is truest to the character of 
 the person examined. Remember, you 
 are dealing with " variable quantities " 
 and not " mathematical certainties." 
 When you find 4^ fails to express your 
 meaning, -a^cZ 5 does^ use 5. Thus a 
 22 inch brain, with 5 or 6 in quality, 
 5 or 6 in activity and excitability, 
 standing 6 mental, 5 vital, and 5 mo- 
 tive temperaments, if 4 or average, as 
 applied to size of brain, does not (for 
 instance with L. N. Fowler's Self-in- 
 structor) fully represent its power, 
 write 5 if that would be the truest ap- 
 proximation. It is, however, best not 
 to suppose cases; when actual ones 
 come before you, act according to your 
 best judgment. You cannot do better. 
 
 Written and purely verbal descrip- 
 tions of character are best. Marked 
 charts and registers have done more to 
 bring phrenology into disrepute than 
 anything else 1 know of, save the 
 downright ignorance of the whole 
 
5) 
 
 PHRENOLOGY 3IADE EASY. 
 
 science exhibited by those so-called 
 ^' professors " and perambulating phre- 
 nological quacks who so much dis- 
 credit phrenology throughout the 
 country. 
 
 3rd query. 
 
 Excitability and activity : — Is sharp- 
 ness of features and form, an unfailing 
 measure of excitability, or length of 
 features, of activity ? 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 No, to the former part of this ques- 
 tion ; yes, as a rule, to the latter. Ex- 
 citability, intense susceptibility, or 
 sensitiveness, with or without health, 
 is one of the conditions found in con- 
 nection with a fine or delicate organi- 
 zation having a predominance of brain 
 and nerve, as in the mental tempera- 
 ment. Activity, sprightliness, and 
 vivacity, are more frequently indica,ted 
 by a healthy vital-mental, mental- 
 vital, and mental-motive.organization, 
 than by any other temperamental com- 
 bination. In the sense that a grey- 
 hound is more active than a bull-dog, 
 a race-horse than a cart-horse, length 
 or slimness indicates activit}^ Never- 
 theless, persons can be tall and slim 
 and heart-lazy. Little people, as a 
 rule, are more active than big folk, for 
 the reason that the nerve currents 
 travel more rapidly in small and fine 
 organizations tlian in large and coarse 
 ones. 
 
 4th QUERY. 
 
 What is your opinion of the use of 
 calipers, phreno-physiomctcrs, and of 
 
 mathematical measurements such as 
 suggested by Stratton, as aids in ar- 
 riving at character ? 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 All of these are valuable enough 
 with certain gentlemen who delight in 
 the pedantry of phrenology ; they are 
 amused thereby, and their interest in 
 phrenology sustained. I do not know 
 that they are any the more able to 
 read character in consequence — if, in- 
 deed, they are not somewhat misled by 
 these means. If all brains were of 
 the same qualit}?^, texture, health, etc., 
 their use might be more valuable. I 
 do not despise their use. Stratton's 
 " Mathematics of Phrenology " are in- 
 teresting, his methods of measure- 
 ment ingenious, and his conclusions 
 go a long way to prove what he 
 wished to prove. Still I am not sat- 
 isfied. I don't think the soul of man 
 can be pinned in a corner like that, 
 and photographed to a hair's-breadth 
 by any such methods. Where the eye 
 and hand of the intelligent practical 
 phrenologist fail, I am afraid calipers 
 and phreno-physiometers will not be 
 able to succeed. The author of " The 
 Philosophy of Phrenology " says," The 
 eye and hand are better measurers 
 both of form and size than calipers or 
 any other instrument, and should be 
 made to supersede ever}^ such instru- 
 ment." With this I cordially agree. 
 
 5th query. 
 
 Is it possible for a person to have a 
 perfectly healthy brain and yet be id- 
 iotic or insane ? 
 
PHREmiOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 51 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 You can ha^^e a perfectly healthy 
 brain in which idiocy is manifested. 
 It may be large or small, but it must 
 be bad in form, low in quality, coarse 
 in structure, or possess some serious 
 organic defect, to be idiotic. In mon- 
 omania or insanity, disease is always 
 present — disease which not only affects 
 tlie brain, but may include the whole 
 organization. In the former, imper- 
 fect activity of one or two organs ; in 
 the latter, intense activity and the 
 actual formation of lesions or tumors 
 on the brain, will be at the basis of 
 the mental derangement whatever it 
 may be. Fifty per cent, of all cases 
 of monomania or hallucination should 
 be curable within an early period, and 
 25 per cent, of all cases of insanity 
 within twelve months of the date of 
 erratic manifestation. Beyond that 
 period the percentage of recoveries be- 
 come "small by degrees and beauti- 
 fully less," as the physical and patho- 
 logical conditions causing the disease 
 become confirmed. I think the per- 
 centage of recoveries is exceedingly 
 small compared to what it should be, 
 owing to the insanity of the authori- 
 ties,— herding the insane in vast asy- 
 lums; treating them in groups, in- 
 stead of phrenologically as individuals, 
 each case on its own merits, and thus 
 liasten their recovery. Thousands 
 suffering from mere delusions and 
 harmletis fancies, fine-grained and finc- 
 I trained individuals, are incarcerated 
 nunually. Many of these are driven 
 into actual insanity by the psycholog- 
 ical laws of asBociatioa and the med- 
 
 ical treatment— or, rather, want of it 
 — which such huge concerns must 
 necessarily entail. An idiot may have 
 a perfectly healthy brain, but to one 
 that is insane, health of brain, or of 
 body for that matter, is an impossibil- 
 ity. 
 
 6th query. 
 
 If a brain measures 22^ inches first 
 circumference measurement, and 23^ 
 in second circumference measurement 
 
 -the first being taken with tape 
 around the head at "individuality" 
 and over " parental love," the second 
 over " comparison " and " continuity " 
 — these measurements indicating more 
 the theoretical than the practical tal- 
 ent (page 22), would not the individ- 
 ual, in the direct exercise of the per- 
 ceptives, evince as much power as one 
 whose head measures 22^ in the first, 
 and 22 inches in the second measure- 
 ment ? That is to say, would his per- 
 ceptions of " size," " weight," " color," 
 etc., be as correct as one whose brain 
 measured the same in the perceptive 
 brain fibre, but less in the reflective ? 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 In theory, it is possible to imagine 
 that the individual, in the direct exer- 
 cise of the perceptive faculties, should 
 evince as much power as another with 
 the same perceptive power but less in 
 the rcflectives. But, as a matter of 
 fact, persons so organized do not exer- 
 cise that direct scrutiny and observa- 
 tion of external things — form, size, 
 color, etc. — as to arrive? at as correct 
 conception as the one actually more 
 
52 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY 
 
 alert in his perceptives and not over- 
 weighted in his reflectives, as in this 
 case. The principle of size is opposed 
 to the idea that he is at all likely to 
 indulge in the direct exercise of the 
 perceptive faculties. Lord Bacon was 
 a man of large brain, possessing a very 
 high development of the reflective or- 
 gans, but his judgment was by no 
 means sound where it depended upon 
 his perceiving correctly, collecting cor- 
 rect data from personal observation. 
 It could not be said his perceptives 
 were defective, for the just and prop- 
 er reason they were not defective ; but 
 his large and powerful reasoning fac- 
 ulties led to their own pre-occupation 
 and natural exercise according to their 
 size, to the exclusion of that direct 
 perception which is referred to in the 
 question. 
 
 It is not a fortunate type of brain 
 to have one inch greater in the reflec- 
 tive than in the perceptive, as in this 
 case : it is not favorable to scientific 
 or exact observation. In many in- 
 stances it must lead to fine-spun theo- 
 ries on sufficient data, and to too much 
 of the metaphysical and transcenden- 
 tal vaporings, veritable " castles in 
 the air," which of late have become so 
 fashionable. 
 ! It is natural to look in a well-bal- 
 anced head for a well-balanced judg- 
 ment. Such a head referred to would 
 not be of a class favorable to sound 
 judgment in the matter of mere ob- 
 servation. It is one more likely to 
 manifest absentmindedness than alert- 
 ness in the ordinary affairs of life. 
 Nevertheless, such a person might 
 be highly philosophical, an eminent 
 
 theologian, moralist, bi-metallist, a 
 peace-society man, a sniffer of the east 
 wind of all ologies, an eminent parti- 
 san, but not a man to deal practically 
 with things as they are. He again 
 might see, " in the direct exercise of 
 the perceptive faculties," as correctl}^ 
 as the other to whom you refer, but he 
 could not think the same, and in prac- 
 tice he would act differently, which 
 would amount to the same thing 
 in the end, i. e., the application of 
 his observation : he would see differ- 
 ently. 
 
 When a man is found who has just 
 discovered perpetual motion, and who 
 assures you he is about to complete a 
 machine to demonstrate his discovery, 
 see if you cannot find in his coggly top 
 story the only machine you are ever 
 likely to see. It must be remembered 
 such comparisons between two imag- 
 inary heads are not profitable, unless 
 indeed it be to excite the faculties of 
 observation when real cases occur, and 
 to perceive the relative size of organs in 
 the same head. In comparing two heads, 
 there are so many things — other things 
 — to be taken into consideration ; 
 quality, health, temperament, youth, 
 age, vitality, activity, excitability — 
 that any judgment predicated on mere 
 size would neither be physiological 
 nor phrenological. * To put the whole 
 matter into a nutshell, suppose that 
 " other things being equal," and thus 
 comparing two heads, on safe grounds, 
 I am not disposed to answer your 
 question in the affirmative, as the 
 character of each, based on these 
 measurements, would be totally op- 
 posed to their looking at them in a 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 53 
 
 similar manner ; their deductions also 
 would be dissimilar. 
 
 7 th query. 
 
 How is it that practical phrenolo- 
 gists express themselves so differently 
 in the examination of the same head ? 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 Phrenological examinations will 
 vary according to the individual, and 
 the person giving the examination is 
 differently constituted from another 
 phrenologist examining the same 
 head ; and the opinions expressed by 
 each phrenologist will be differently 
 expressed, according to their knowl- 
 edge of the science, their power of ap- 
 plying it, and ability to express them- 
 selves. This is but natural. Phre- 
 nologists are not exempted by the 
 science of phrenology, nor by their art 
 of applying it, from the overshadow- 
 ing law of humanity — viz., difference 
 of organization, brain power, intellect- 
 ual and moral culture and general ca- 
 pacity. This does not mean that one 
 phrenologist should give a character 
 essentially different from that of 
 another. They must agree on all sa- 
 lient points, although their modes of 
 examination and power of expressing 
 themselves must be somewhat differ- 
 ent. If there is an objection in this, 
 the same objection must apply to med- 
 icine, law, divinity, or to the physical 
 sciences. If one phrenologist should 
 declare a person had remarkable in- 
 sight, penetration, force of character, 
 and a well-balanced mind, and another 
 
 was to declare that the person was a 
 dullard, deficient of insight, lacking 
 penetration, wanting in force of char- 
 acter, a nonenity, either one of them 
 must be lacking not only the qualifica- 
 tions essential to make a good phre- 
 nologist, but have a very limp ac- 
 quaintance with the science of which 
 he professes to be a student. No such 
 difference of opinion would be possible 
 was a scientific knowledge of phrenol- 
 ogy the basis of their opinions. Then 
 they would agree, the only difference 
 being in their power to give a just and 
 full meaning to the signs discovered. 
 In my opinion the differences of opin- 
 ion amongst phrenologists are more 
 apparent than real, arising from their 
 individual application of the science, 
 not from their inability to apply it. 
 One has a lucid manner, another full 
 and verbose, another terse and con- 
 tracted, and so on ; but all agree on 
 salient points, while their modes of 
 expression var3^ 
 
 Now that the British Phrenological 
 Association is fully established, its lec- 
 turers, examiners, and teachers will, in 
 all probability, adopt a more uniform 
 method of procedure, which might pre- 
 sent some advantages. B ut no amount 
 of uniformity can obscure individual- 
 ity, latent tact, or special power. 
 Churches have attempted this and 
 failed; trade unions have tried it to 
 their disaster; while it has ever been, 
 and will be, the weak point in com- 
 munism and all social movements 
 based on an imperfect knowledge of 
 what equality and uniformity truly 
 means. The most perfect unity and 
 harmony, is ever found in variety. 
 
rBRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 This is Nature's law, and must be 
 right. As phrenologists differ in char- 
 acter, abilit}^, and powers of expres- 
 sion, so will their manner and style of 
 discerning character, making deduc- 
 tions therefrom, giving suitable advice, 
 be different. 
 
 8th query. 
 
 It appears to me that in examining 
 heads the greatest difficulty is not so 
 much measurements as to ascertain 
 the entire leading or sum of the char- 
 acter, from combining the various fac- 
 ulties. It seems to me a man with 
 large benevolence and equally large 
 acquisitiveness, would not be so gen- 
 erous as one having large benevolence 
 only. Is that so ? 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 It is true that men like Eustace or 
 Gosse may give freely and fully, hav- 
 ing large sympathies and powerful 
 feelings of reverence, spirituality, and 
 generosity, and comparatively little of 
 what is called acquisitiveness. But, 
 lacking the latter, they would be more 
 benevolent, I deny. They might give 
 more foolishly, freely, and sympathet- 
 ically, I admit ; thereby gratifying the 
 feeling or impulse of benevolence. 
 Acquisitiveness is as essential to per- 
 sonal generosity as it is to common- 
 sense. It is absolutely requisite to 
 true giving ; it knows the value of 
 getting. 
 
 As a student of phrenology, it is 
 requisite that you should understand 
 the location and function of each indi- 
 
 vidual organ so far as these have been 
 discovered. Next, view them in com- 
 bination, and their effect in combina- 
 tion or character. I take this to be 
 your meaning. Elsewhere I have di- 
 vided the head into three regions, and 
 these regions into sub-divisions. Now, 
 if any of these regions predominate, 
 it is an easy matter to estimate its in- 
 fluence on character. It will predom- 
 inate. Benevolence is a sentiment > 
 acquisitiveness is less a sentiment than 
 a propensity. When both are large, 
 acquisitiveness will rob benevolence of 
 its softness, not sense. Benevolence 
 will take the crashness and meanness 
 out of the mere desire to acquire, and 
 give at least one useful outlet for its 
 acquisitions. John Bright was large 
 in benevolence, also large in acquisi- 
 tiveness. He did not scatter like a 
 prodigal, nor gather like a miser or a 
 fool. The intellectual character, for 
 instance, will be affected as the observ- 
 ing, knowing, or reflective faculties are 
 in the ascendant; whether the moral 
 region is strong or weak, the social or 
 domestic region less or more powerful. 
 No mere supposing of cases will be 
 helpful ; nothing but practice and ex- 
 perience will' do in the consulting- 
 room. It is for this reason, more than 
 any other, a phrenologist should l>o 
 endowed with special gifts for his call- 
 ing ; and not the least of these is sa- 
 gacity, natural intellectual abilit}-, in- 
 tuition, and keen powers of observa- 
 tion, thoughtfulness, and judgment. 
 Some hints can be obtained from a 
 teacher of experience, and some use- 
 ful suggestions may be found in most 
 of our text books. 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 9th query. 
 
 It has been stated that children's 
 heads are larger in ithe perceptive than 
 in the reflective organs. My observa- 
 tions do not confirm this. If we say 
 the perceptives are the most active, 
 are we right ? Is the apparent defi- 
 ciency due to the frontal sinus being 
 undeveloped ? Does the foregoing af- 
 fect the usual measurements ? Is there 
 an}' special method adopted in the 
 measurement and examination of the 
 heads of children? Should we give 
 advice in ver^^ young children as to 
 the " choice of pursuits ? " 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 In the majority of cases the per- 
 ceptive faculties are larger in children 
 than the reflective. They are always 
 more active than the reflective. Chil- 
 dren learn to see and to distinguish 
 one object from another, one person 
 from another, before they can be said 
 to think or reason. Not that they do 
 not think in their little way. Uni- 
 versally you will find that the lan- 
 guage of childhood corresponds with 
 the development and activity of the 
 perceptives : " Let me see," " Where 
 is it?" "Oh,see!'» *' Come and see," 
 " What's this ? " and " What for ? " are 
 common modes of expression. Some 
 children being more observant and 
 sharper than others, their language, 
 actions and mannerisms will corre- 
 spond therewith. The absence of the 
 frontal sinus in children certainly does 
 make some slight diflerence in the 
 formation of the head, and oon.stitutes 
 
 somewhat to the apparent deficiency 
 spoken of The absence of the sinus 
 enables us the more accurately to ob- 
 serve the form of the brain. The 
 character of the children will corre- 
 spond to that form, and the varjing 
 shades of that form in the course of 
 brain development and cranial growth. 
 
 The perceptive organs are all small, 
 but are kept in constant activity 
 (where there is sight) from the cradle 
 to the grave. They are more fully sup- 
 plied with nerve cells, nerve fibres, and 
 infinitely smaller arteries, than the 
 larger organs which are brought into 
 play afterward. These (the perce})- 
 tive organs) are most active in children, 
 some of whose days are passed in see- 
 ing and wanting to see wonder after 
 wonder in this world of wonders to 
 them. 
 
 The mental operations of childhood 
 are those of observation — memory of 
 the observed and heard, and compari- 
 son of the same ; imitation, or en- 
 deavor to reproduce the same ; imag- 
 ination, or the mental reproduction of 
 what it has seen, heard, or imper- 
 fectly realized, etc., variously modified. 
 The mental progress of unfoldment 
 conforms to the phrenological develop- 
 ment. It is only in a less degree the 
 child is the man. It observes, reasons, 
 and reflects according to brain ca- 
 pacity, size, or development, brain 
 quality, fineness, density, weight, and 
 activity. The child sees, hears, and 
 thinks. It detects sounds, and dis- 
 tinguishes lights and shadows ; detects 
 familiar objects and expressions at n 
 very early period. Its faculties of ob- 
 serviitiou are engrossed by object les- 
 
56 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 sons in everything by which it is sur- 
 rounded. It keenly notices, greedily 
 listens, remembers, and repeats. All 
 this world is for it a veritable wonder- 
 land — a place of fairies. It dreads the 
 strange, and is drawn by the known 
 and loved ; and all these things pri- 
 marily excite into activity the per- 
 ceptive faculties, and in a minor de- 
 gree the reasoning and imaginative fac- 
 ulties. It wants to see more. Not 
 only is this so, but where children 
 show the least aptitude for noticing, 
 the}^ are drawn out upon all occasions 
 by parents, guardians, and friends. 
 So, with the exception of ^' alimentive- 
 ness " (and the automatic action of 
 certain organs — nerve centres — not 
 adequately known, but localized in the 
 base of the brain), the perceptive or- 
 gans are the most active in childhood, 
 the first matured in manhood, and al- 
 most the first to show decline in old 
 age. Next to the perceptive organs in 
 childhood, " comparison " and " event- 
 uality " are correspondingly active. 
 Higher up " imitation " and" wonder " 
 come into play. Then " ideality " 
 with " comparison ; " " imitation " with 
 "comparison." Below " comparison," 
 " eventuality " bulges out the fore- 
 head, and gives that rotund form to 
 the forehead above the perceptives 
 wbich gives the impression that the re- 
 flectives are relatively larger than the 
 perceptives. It does appear to me 
 that in babyhood and in childhood, 
 eventuality occupies the major portion 
 of the forehead, and that the organs of 
 comparison and causality — especially 
 the latter — do not fully come into play 
 until the forehead rises and expands 
 
 more fully in the superior region. The 
 love and trust of childhood are colored 
 largely by its posterior brain, in which 
 parental love occupies a similar posi- 
 tion to that of eventuality in the an- 
 terior brain. Childhood reflects, but 
 not in that sense or in any form which 
 shows that the reflectives are larger 
 than the perceptives. You will notice 
 the growth of childhood's powers is 
 something like this. Automatic and 
 instinctive ; " alimentiveness ; " the no- 
 ticing and detecting familiar sounds ; 
 observing more fully ; attempting 
 to reproduce familiar sounds ; en- 
 dearments, exhibiting a desire to 
 possess ; memory and " comparison ; " 
 attachment, " comparison " and " imi- 
 tation," desire for notice and endear- 
 ment, talent," causality," and " appro- 
 bativeness " budding forth — especially 
 the latter — the back head being larger 
 than the front head. 
 
 As to measurements, I do not think 
 you will find upon more careful obser- 
 vation anything to alter the propor- 
 tionate measurements. In some in- 
 stances you may find eventuality and 
 comparison larger than the percep- 
 tives. In such cases, you will find im- 
 aginative and inaccurate representa- 
 tions of things observed according as 
 these organs may be influenced. 
 
 I apply the same measurements to 
 childhood as I do to the health}^ adult, 
 bearing in mind that the texture of the 
 brain in childhood is not so confirmed 
 as in later life ; also what is most 
 likely to be exercised according to the 
 foregoing. 
 
 As to advice about " choice of pur- 
 suits," it is best to be guided by indi- 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 57 
 
 vidua! cases. As a rule, advice for 
 l)hysical culture, health, and upbring- 
 ing till seven ; best of school training 
 and discipline up till 12 to 14 years, 
 with hints as to pui'suits ; the educa- 
 tional training to be in the direction 
 of the pursuits, and from 12, or there- 
 about, on the " choice of pursuits " in 
 a more definite form. As the child is 
 father of the man, some will have a 
 decided predilection for some things, 
 others no special leaning. According 
 to your ability advise and aid the par- 
 ents to a wise selection. 
 
 As an aid in giving advice upon 
 " choice of pursuits," you would do 
 well to know something of the parents' 
 circumstances, means for education 
 and preferment at their disposal ; the 
 nature of local enterprises and oppor- 
 tunities in district for affording em- 
 ployment. You may • know what a 
 person can do : by the above aid j^ou 
 may know where he can do it. This 
 has been, in a measure, replied to un- 
 der the 1st question. 
 
 10th query. 
 
 What are the best busts and books 
 for students of phrenology ? What is 
 the best way to get into practice ? 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 I have indicated in " Practical 
 Phrenology " the busts and books. 
 For beginners I would recommend 
 Fowler's china bust, " Key " or" Reg- 
 ister," and his '' Self-instructor," 
 '' Works and Lectures," and Story's 
 
 " Manual of Phrenology." For more 
 advanced pupils, Nicholas Morgan's 
 bust, and the plaster model of the 
 human skull, both recently published 
 by Vago, their respective kej^s, the 
 foregoing works, and Dr. Donovan's 
 " Handbook of Phrenology,"" Combe's 
 Works," and an Art and Science 
 Course in Physiology and Anatomy ; 
 reading and study should be accom- 
 panied by practice. 
 
 For professional examiners, the 
 largest possible acquaintance with the 
 literature of their profession, and 
 " current events," will form a good 
 liberal education, and inspired by an 
 humble devotion to understand and 
 ennoble human nature, and attach- 
 ment to their work, will be certain to 
 provide plenty of opportunities of 
 testing the science in public and pri- 
 vate. 
 
 The best way to. get into practice, is 
 to practice freely as an amateur, giv- 
 ing delineations where and when pos- 
 sible. In this way a certain amount 
 of proficiency in observation, manipu- 
 lation, deduction, and expression is in- 
 sured. Another method is, to become 
 for a time an assistant to some well- 
 known examiner. 
 
 In conclusion, it is essential, how- 
 ever well-educated the phrenological 
 aspirant may be, nothing short of a 
 good, practical course " by the living 
 voice " — demonstration — will be of 
 real service to him ; with this a pro- 
 fessional career is only a matter of 
 time. 
 
V 
 
 58 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 IDEATION 
 
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 
 
 The Brain is the chief organ of the 
 mind. The body as a whole mani- 
 fests mind. As is brain and body, 
 or organization, so is mind. 
 
 The Brain " is not a simple unit, bnt a 
 collection of many peculiar in- 
 struments," called organs or cen- 
 tres. Neither is the mind a unit, 
 but the sum of many faculties. 
 
 The Brain is subject to growth, the 
 mind is subject to develoi">ment. 
 Arrested growth in the <m& means 
 imperfect development of the 
 other, contrariwise, otherwise, etc. 
 
 The Skull in life as perfectly conforms 
 anatomically to the formation of 
 
 Note.— The Organs— centres— are all double, 
 each faculty of the mind havinp; two lyiuK at cor- 
 responding locations in the cerebral hemispheres. 
 The above ideal map presenting those of tlie right 
 hemisphere of the cerebrum and cerebellum only. 
 
 the brain as bark to a tree 
 or skin to the hand. The 
 size, form, and power of 
 the brain can be thor- 
 oughl}^ gauged by the ex- 
 amination of the skull. 
 The Body in life, in color, size, 
 form and texture, adequ- 
 ately presents the health, 
 quality, and physiological 
 traits likely to modify the 
 manifestations of mind as 
 indicated by the skull. 
 There are no manifestations of 
 mind without their physi- 
 cal correlatives. Some 
 minds are dominated by 
 the body ; are creatures of 
 passion, impulse, appetite, 
 and sense. In others the 
 mind is supreme, the bodily influ- 
 ences being subordinate ; that is, 
 under the direction of the mind. 
 To read character, it is necessary to 
 take into consideration the Brain, 
 the organs or centres, their size, 
 function, and combination, the 
 quality of organization as a 
 whole, and the influence of health, 
 temperament, and education. 
 Exclude the foregoing from any sys- 
 tem of mental science, and it is 
 impossible for the mind to be in- 
 vestigated or human character 
 made possible of analysis. 
 
 LOCATION AND DEFINITION OF PHRENO- 
 CENTRES. 
 
 1. — Doniestic Feelings or Propensities. 
 
 These are common to man and an- 
 imals, the Phreno-centres of which 
 are located in the cerebolhnn and pos- 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 59 
 
 terior lohos of the cerebrum. Their 
 ■width and fulness give corresponding 
 conformation to the cranium in the 
 occiput. 
 
 See Nunlhers : — 
 
 1. — Amative Centre — (Motor Centre of Co- 
 ordination) — In- 
 stinct of sexual 
 love, affection. 
 
 A. — Pairing " Conjugal love, one- 
 
 ness of affection 
 
 2. — Parental " Desire for and love 
 
 of offspring and 
 all young. 
 
 3. — Gregarious " Friendship, sociabil- 
 
 ity, gregarious- 
 
 4. — Inhabitive 
 
 5. — Concentrative " 
 
 Love of home and 
 country. 
 
 Continuity, applica- 
 tion, consecu- 
 tiveness. 
 
 SELF-PROTECTIVE FEELINGS OR SENTI- 
 MENTS. 
 
 These are common to man and some 
 animals, and are located in the parietal 
 and temporal lobes of the cerebrum. 
 Their form and size give width to the 
 cranium at the parietal walls ; super- 
 ior, anterior, and posterior to the 
 meatus audit us. 
 
 E. — Vitative Centre — Disease and Death-re- 
 sisting instinct — 
 love of life. 
 
 6. — Combative " Prompts to resistance, 
 defence, courage. 
 
 7. — Executive " (Motor centre of 
 Energy) — Resist- 
 ance, Execwtive- 
 ness. 
 
 8. — Alimeutive " (Motor centre of 
 Taste) — Appetite 
 for food, etc. 
 
 9. — Acquisitive " (Motor centre of Pre- 
 hension) — Desire 
 to get, economy. 
 
 10.— Secretive " (Motor centre of Hear- 
 ing) — Conceal-* 
 ment of thought, 
 self restraint, pol- 
 icy. 
 
 11. — Wat<ihful " Cautiousness, guard- 
 edness, appreben- 
 siveness of conse- 
 quences. 
 
 //. — Self-Regarding Sentiments or 
 Egotistic Feelings. 
 
 These centres are located in the su- 
 perior and coronal convolutions of the 
 cerebrum, and give height and fulness 
 to the cranium. 
 
 12. — Approbative Centre. — Regard for the 
 
 opinion of 
 others, de- 
 sire for ap- 
 proval, love 
 of praise. 
 
 13. — Self- respective " A proper appre- 
 ciation of 
 self, self- 
 respect, dig- 
 nity. 
 
 14. — Self-assertive " (Motor centre 
 
 of Locomo- 
 tion) — Per- 
 se V e ranee, 
 will, deci.s- 
 ion of char- 
 acter. 
 
 ///. — Moral and Spiritual Sentiments, 
 or Feelings jyroper to Man. 
 
 These centres are located in the su- 
 perior coronal regions of the brain. 
 Tlunr full development gives corre- 
 sponding conformation to the cranium. 
 
60 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 
 15. — Justice Centre. — Seutiment of right, 
 
 
 of the beau- 
 
 conscientiousness, 
 
 
 tiful, poetic, 
 
 respect for the 
 
 
 sense and 
 
 rights of others. 
 
 
 enj oyment 
 
 16.— Hope " Anticipation of good, 
 
 
 o f perfec- 
 
 fai th , expectation . 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 17.— Spirituality " Belief in the unseen. 
 
 226.— Sublime " 
 
 (Ferrier's centre 
 
 love of the mar- 
 
 
 of forearm) 
 
 velous, the occult. 
 
 
 —Love of 
 
 18. — Veneration " Respect for authority, 
 
 
 the terrific, 
 
 regard for great- 
 
 
 maj estic. 
 
 ness seen and un- 
 
 
 grand, and 
 
 seen, worship- 
 
 
 vast in na- 
 
 ping instinct. 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 (Veneration, Hope, and Spirituality 
 
 22.— Imitative 
 
 Faculty of men- 
 
 combined give origin to religion. Their 
 
 . -^ 
 
 tal repro- 
 
 perversion promotes the follies of su- 
 
 
 d u c t i n, 
 
 perstition and the vagaries of modern 
 
 
 mimicry, 
 
 occultism and spiritism, etc.) 
 
 
 aptitude. 
 
 19. — Sympathetic Centre. — Sentiments of 
 
 
 alertness to 
 
 generous instincts. 
 
 
 copy. 
 
 sympathy, kind- 
 
 23.— Mirth Loving " 
 
 Sense of humor- 
 
 ness. 
 
 
 ous and the 
 1 u d 1 c rous. 
 
 IV. — Semi-Intellectual Feelings or 
 
 
 fun, wit, 
 
 Sentiments. 
 
 
 f a c e t i ous- 
 
 These are proper to man, and are 
 
 
 ness. 
 
 expressive of mental forces which are 
 
 INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 
 
 not purely intellectual on the one 
 
 V. — The Senses — Feeling or touch, 
 
 hand, neither are they mere feelings 
 
 taste, smell, hearing. 
 
 and sight, place 
 
 or instincts on the other. They are 
 
 man in sensuous communication with 
 
 located in the superior temporal and 
 
 the external world and his fellows. 
 
 parietal lobes of the brain. Their full 
 
 
 
 development gives extension to the 
 
 THE PERCEPTIVE 
 
 CENTRES. 
 
 cranium in the superior anterior re- 
 
 VI. — The Perceptive Centres (pos- 
 
 gions. 
 
 sessed by animals relatively inferior 
 
 
 in power and manifestation to man) 
 
 20.— Constructive Centre.— (This should be 
 
 are located in man in 
 
 the inferior an- 
 
 classified as 
 an instinct) 
 — Desire to 
 
 terior cerebral lobes. 
 
 The full devel- 
 
 opment gives width and fulness to the 
 
 make, con- 
 
 lower forehead. 
 
 
 struct, put 
 
 I. — Individualizing Centre. — The desire to 
 
 together. 
 
 
 perceive. 
 
 21.— Ideal ** (Ferrier's centre 
 
 
 see, pick 
 
 of head and 
 
 
 o u t, to 
 
 eyes)— Love 
 
 
 observe. 
 
PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 61 
 
 F. — Form ** Sense of con- 
 
 fig u r a- 
 t i o n, 
 memory 
 of faces, 
 looks, 
 p e rsons, 
 etc. 
 S. —Size ' * Perception of 
 
 divergen- 
 c i e s in 
 quantity, 
 adjec- 
 tives, 
 large, 
 small, 
 moderate, 
 etc. 
 W. — Weight Centre. — (Connected with the 
 cerebellum) — Per- 
 ception of disfauces, 
 desire to balance, 
 control of motion. 
 " Sense of color, dis- 
 
 cernment and love 
 of color. 
 " Perception of method , 
 
 education, order and 
 system. 
 
 C— Color 
 
 0— Order 
 
 VIL — Literary Centres, or Know- 
 ing Faculties. 
 These centres are for the manifesta- 
 tion of those faculties of the human 
 mind which perceive the relations of 
 external objects. They are located 
 midway between the centres of the 
 l)erceptivc and the reasoning faculties. 
 Their full development gives width 
 and fulness to the centre forehead. 
 
 (\ — Calculation Centre. — Perception of num- 
 bers, talent for 
 reckoning. 
 The geographical and 
 traveling instinct, 
 recollection of 
 place, positiou. 
 
 L. — Localizing 
 
 E. — Eventuality " The historical and 
 
 traditional in- 
 stinct, "What our 
 fathers did," 
 memory of events 
 and facts. 
 
 33.— Time " Sense of the lapse 
 
 of moments, in- 
 tervals, when, 
 dates. 
 
 34. — Tune " Sense of harmoni- 
 
 ous sounds,music. 
 
 L.— Language " "The gift of 
 
 tongues," the 
 faculty of reduc- 
 ing thoughts to 
 words, speech. 
 
 VIII. — TliE REASONING CENTRES. 
 
 These are the faculties of the human 
 mind which compare, judge and dis- 
 criminate. It may be said they are 
 not common to animals, but are com- 
 mon to man. The centres of these 
 faculties are located in the superior 
 anterior brain. Their full develop- 
 ment gives fulness and width to the 
 upper forehead. 
 
 36. — Causality Centre. — "Traces the depend- 
 ences of phe- 
 nomena, and the 
 relation of cause 
 and effect," think- 
 ing and origin- 
 ality. 
 
 37. — Comparison ** The mental faculty of 
 discernment and 
 inference. It dis- 
 cerns analogies, 
 resemblances, and 
 differences. 
 
 C. — Intuitive " Spiritual and sa- 
 gacious discern- 
 ment of mental 
 and moral pow- 
 ers. 
 
 />.— Suavity " (ieuialty, blandness, 
 
 pleasantness. 
 
G2 
 
 PHRENOLOGY MADE EASY. 
 
 No attempt has been made to ac- 
 curately class the various centres. 
 The above is, as all claaeification must 
 be, an approximation. Phreno-centres, 
 related to each other in function, are 
 grouped together in the brain ; but, 
 even in this grouping, they insensibly 
 impinge pn one another — influence one 
 another. 
 
 In like manner do the faculties of 
 the mind combine. Thus for Memory, 
 
 Will, and Judgment, there are no ex- 
 ternal signs. These are qualities of 
 the mind which depend for their mani- 
 festation on certain combinations of 
 the faculties. The tyro in phrenology 
 ma}^ call Eventuality the organ of 
 memory, Firmness the organ of will. 
 Causality the organ of judgment. 
 These are gross errors, into which no 
 educated phrenologist would fall, and 
 in expression carefully avoid. 
 
 TttE END. 
 
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