G B (025 VrT3 Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 190 Series 0, Underground "Waters, 67 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR UNDERGROUND WATERS OF COASTAL PLAIN OF TEXAS BY THOMAS U. TAYLOR WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907 (lass (\ B iQS.5 Book T^ T^ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/undergroundwaterOOtayl Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 190 Series 0, Underground Waters, 67 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director 7%) UNDERGROUND WATERS OF COASTAL PLAIN OF TEXAS BY THOMAS U. TAYLOR WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907 2^1 SeJ »W" CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Area covered 1 Sources of data 1 Geography of the region 1 General statement 1 Topography 2 Drainage 2 Geology 2 Underground waters, by counties 2 Cameron County . 3 Hidalgo County ^ 7 Starr County 8 Nueces County 9 San Patricio County 13 Refugio County 13 Aransas County 14 Calhoun County •..■ 14 Victoria County .' . . : 15 Jackson County ■_ 16 Matagorda County • 19 Wharton County 19 Brazoria County 21 Fort Bend County 24 Harris County 24 Galveston County 27 Chambers County 30 Jefferson County <&. 31 Orange County 32 Zapata County 33 Duval County . _ 33 Live Oak County 33 Bee County 34 Goliad County 34 Karnes County 34 Dewitt County 34 Gonzales County 35 Lavaca County ? 38 Fayette County 39 Colorado County 39 Austin County 41 Waller County 41 Washington County 41 Grimes County 42 in IV CONTENTS. Underground waters, by counties — Continued. p age . Liberty County „_ 43 Montgomery County • 44 Walker County , 46 San Jacinto County 46 Polk County . . . .' 46 Hardin County 47 Tyler County 48 Jasper County 48 Newton County 50 Webb County 50 Maverick County 51 Dimmit County 51 Zavalla County 52 Lasalle County 53 McMullen County 53 Frio County 54 Atascosa County 55 Bexar County T 55 Wilson County 57 Guadalupe County 57 Caldwell County _, 57 Bastrop County 58 Lee County 58 Robertson County 58 Milam County ■_ 59 Burleson County 60 Brazos County 61 Madison County 62 Leon County 62 Freestone County 63 Houston County 63 Anderson County 63 Limestone County 63 Cherokee, Trinity, Angelina, San Augustine, and Sabine counties 63 Nacogdoches County 64 Shelby, Panola, and Rusk counties 65 Van Zandt and Rains counties 65 Smith County 66 Wood and Gregg counties 66 Upshur County 67 Harrison County _ . . 67 Marion County 67 ILLUSTRATIONS. Plate I. A, A typical artesian well in the Texas Coastal Plain; B, Artesian well 4 miles south of Pearsall, Tex 1 II. Map showing location of artesian wells in the Texas Coastal Plain. . . 2 III. Artesian wells in Rio Grande embayment 6 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF THE COASTAL PLAIN OF TEXAS. By T. U. Taylor. INTRODUCTION. Area covered. — The region to which this report relates includes the greater part of the Coastal Plain of Texas. It comprises an area about 150 miles wide, bordering the coast and extending across the entire State. According to R. T. Hill's classification it includes the " eastern" and " southern" provinces, and it is bordered on the west, from Del Rio to Colorado River, by the " Edwards Plateau," and, from the Colorado River to the Arkansas State line, by the "Black Prairie." It includes the district lying between the coast and a line connecting Texarkana with Del Rio, through Cooper, Greenville, Corsicana, Cameron, Elgin, and San Antonio, an area of about 75,000 square miles. Sources of data. — The information on which this report is based has been obtained partly by personal visits to the various localities and partly by correspondence. Information has been furnished by the following persons: B. M. Haberer, C. F. H. von Blucher, Randolph Robertson, F. W. Simonds, H. W. Harper, Ira H. Evans, Rudolph Kleberg, T. J. Lyne, G. Warnicke, R. D. Parker, O. M. Ball, Garland Miller, A. W. Seeligson, J. B. Armstrong, J. L. Ladd, Travis L. Smith, E. D. Dorchester, Geo. C. Herman, Geo. J. McManus, J. E. Broussard, and J. W. Sanders. The writer is also indebted to Mr. E. T. Dumble, former State geologist of Texas, for much valuable information. GEOGRAPHY OF THE REGION. General statement. — The Coastal Plain of Texas is a continuation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain to the east, although in many features it differs from that area. In general it consists of a gently sloping plai" extending from a high or mountainous background to the Gulf. In the eastern part of Texas the Coastal Plain has the general character seen in other Southern States, but in its southwestern extension it becomes more or less modified, widening to the southwest in the 1 2 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. vicinity of the Rio Grande where there is a great embayment similar to that of Mississippi River. South of Colorado River there is a well- defined interior border to the Coastal Plain, but to the north of that stream the transition between the level and hilly lands is gradual. Topography. — The topography of the Texas Coastal Plain presents little variety. The surface rises gradually from the sea level at the coast to an elevation of 800 to 1,000 feet along the interior margin of the province. The portion of the plain bordering the coast is char- acterized by a very level surface which, throughout extensive areas, is scarcely broken, except by a few shallow drainage ways. The highest land along the coast is at Corpus Christi, where the bluffs rise to 40 to 60 feet above sea level. Toward the interior the surface of the plain becomes more diversified, developing into rolling hills which increase in number and prominence toward the western margin of the province. Drainage. — The Texas Coastal Plain is traversed by many streams. The largest of these are the Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, and Nueces rivers. Of all these streams only the Brazos enters the Gulf directly, the others emptying into lagoons or bays. South of the Nueces the drainage is not completely developed and the entire area between this stream and the Rio Grande contains only two small creeks, the San Fernando and Olmos, which unite to form Capano Bay. The larger streams of the area are generally narrow and deep, with feeble currents. Near the shore many of them expand into broad, shallow lakes entering the Gulf through shallow bays. While there are many streams in the Texas Coastal Plain, much of its surface is poorly drained, and in places water stands in lakes or ponds through- out the year. GEOLOGY. The Texas Coastal Plain is developed on a great thickness of soft rocks, sands, gravel, clays, and loams in general- spread in thin but more or less extensive beds which dip very gently to the east^ These sediments have a thickness of several thousand feet and are composed of alternating porous and impervious members, producing ideal artesian conditions. Over the greater part of the area the rocks are of Tertiary age, but along the interior border Upper Cretaceous sedi- ments appear. UNDERGROUND WATERS, BY COUNTIES. General statement. — During recent years the underground-water resources of the Texas Coastal Plain have become of considerable economic importance. Ground water, which is usually abundant throughout the district, has been used for many years for general domestic purposes, and small irrigation plants in a few instances have derived their water supply from this source. Within recent years U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 190 PL. MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF ARTESIAN WELLS IN THE TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. CAMERON COUNTY. 3 artesian wells have been obtained in various parts of the region. Some of these furnish flows adequate for considerable irrigation. Three of the larger cities in the region, Houston, Galveston, and San Antonio, derive their entire city water supply from artesian sources. At Houston the city water is supplied by 60 flowing wells, while at Galveston and San Antonio 15 and 30 wells, respectively, furnish the required amounts. In the vicinity of El Campo, Chesterville, and East Bernard shallow artesian wells are employed to a considerable extent for rice irrigation, especially where small crops are raised. In the vicinity of Webster, in the southern part of Harris County, the flow of several ordinary surface wells has been increased, by pumping, to such an extent as to furnish water for the irrigation of 60 to 100 acres of rice. The depth at which artesian water may be obtained in the Coastal Plain of Texas varies according to the locality. It ranges from a few feet to over 2,000 feet, but the average is about 600 feet. The amount of flow of these wells varies from 20 to 1,600 gallons a minute. A typical artesian well of this district is shown in PL I. The water is more or less mineralized, but with few exceptions the dissolved salts are neither objectionable for domestic purposes nor deleterious to plant growth. The general distribution of artesian wells of the Coastal Plain of Texas is shown in PL II. In the following discussion the underground-water resources of the region will be described by counties. CAMERON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The depths of the shallow wells of Cameron County vary from 20 to 100 feet, according to the locality. Along the coast water can usually be procured at depths of 20 to 30 feet, but, owing to the nearness of the sea, it is generally salty. To the north, along the bay, the wells are somewhat deeper, ranging from 20 to 60 feet, and in the western part of the county the deepest wells occur, some exceeding 100 feet. At Brownsville and in the immediate vicinity the average depth of shallow wells is about 30 feet. Artesian wells. — Artesian water is now obtained in the northern two- thirds of this county, at depths which vary from 600 to 1,200 feet. There are about 150 flowing wells in the county. The flows of these wells vary from 50 to 1,000 gallons a minute, the average being about 400 gallons. A group of artesian wells in the Rio Grande embayment is shown in PL III (p. 6) . The following is a list of artesian wells in Cameron County: UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells in Cameron County. THE KENEDY PASTURE COMPANY'S WELLS. Name. Driller. Depth. Flow per minute. Feet. 710 825 890 1,000 1,030 610 998 920 689 724 645 710 700 751 1,019 720 1,120 1,175 1,035 1,123 1,170 865 604 740 787 620 747 700 615 652 660 750 917 892 890 1,080 1,360 1,125 1,033 1,232 1,025 1,130 1,147 890 860 1,155 750 617 862 760 1,403 1,314 950 1,000 (a) • 814 807 818. 1,315 843 862 1,234 (a) 951 803 (a) 757 Gallons. 75 Do .do... 150 Do ...do... 600 .do. . 250 .do . 300 .do 80 Sacahuista! do... 125 Eurebia ...do... 350 do 150 do 550 Cobos .do 60 do . 1,000 do 600 do 400 do 500 Guffey & Galey 500 Alto do 350 Casa Mott White Bros 500 W. P. Gano 600 do 450 do 500 Padre Alejos N. G Allen 450 Sarita 300 Mifflin 450 Turcotte do 800 Snipe 700 do 600 do 500 El Suspiro do 300 La Saragote .do 450 Mujeres do 400 Mesqu^te de Final ....do... 300 Paradlso do 200 Tio Coulas do 250 Tecolite N. G. Allen . 300 Motto Negra 250 600 Agua Negra W. P. Gano 550 do 500 do 125 El Toro 350 Repara .do... 300 Mavote,No. 2 W. P. Gano . . 700 Sari Juan, No. 2 70 Tio Martin do . 350 Picacho,No.2 ...do 110 Mesquite do 400 La Serpa do 315 Miralejos do . 115 Los Mojaras do 450 Picacho, No. 1 600 No name do 350 La Piedra 350 La Tablome do 350 Motta Palle ...do... Motta Romendonda ...do... 200 Townsite, No. 1 W. P. Gano 275 Townsite,No. 2 do 285 Medeneta .do . 400 La Muerta .do... 300 Bordos 160 Gansos, No. 1 W. P. Gano 350 Gansos, No. 2 El Telephon 350 Railroad (new track) W. P. Gano Wm. Turcotte do 350 Loma Prieta Courta Sacate 250 a In progress. CAMERON COUJNTTY. Artesian wells in Cameron County — Continued. LOWER KING RANCH. Name. Andrea Bandera Resaca Gigante Comanche . . . Morris City. . Vieja Loma Prieta. Tampico Driller. A. W. Ferguson. do do do do do J. C. Curry do do Depth. Feet. 530 682 747 382 668 1,364 851 838 719 Flow per minute. Gallons. 70 12 200 75 35 60 300 300 50 MAJ. J. B. ARMSTRONG'S WELLS. 490 500 830 770 568 730 805 857 830 780 893 (a) 20 do 20 Thos. Fowler Curry & Sons 150 75 El Ruco 00 J. 0. Curry do 100 150 Tokio do 108 Los Tollidos do 160 150 do a In progress. Record of Atravesada well, on Kenedy ranch, Cameron County. Feet. Surface soil " - 1^ White sand, salty 1J- 10 White sand 10-35 Fresh-water seep 35 - 45 Blue clay and bowlders 45 - 50 Sand and bowlders 50 - 80 Cemented shells 80 - 82 Sand 82-90 Sand and bowlders 90 -100 Cemented shells 100 -103 Clay bowlders 103 -110 Blue and brown clay 110 -140 Brown to buff clay 140 -265 Cemented shells, scallop shaped 265 -320 Brown to buff clay 320 -330 Soft sand rock ' 330 -335 Hard sand rock 335 -360 Tough clay : 360 -380 Hard rock , 380 -380| Clay 380|-400 Hard -rock • 400 -400^- Clay 400^-420 Rock 420 -422 Clay : 422 -440 Rock 440 -440£ Fine-grained bluish rock 440^-460 Stiff brownish clay 460 -470 Light-brown clay and sand 470 -555 Sand 555 -615 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN". Feet. Very hard gumbo 615- 640 Reddish gumbo 640- 694 Rock 694- 696 Clay - . - 696- 700 Water-bearing sand ; strong flow 700- 720 Red clay 720- 765 Hard red clay 765- 860 Record of ivell at Sauz ranch, Cameron County. Feet. Pale-red, sandy clay 0- 15 Sand '. 15- 30 Very pale-red clay, sandy 30- 50 Sand containing hard layers 50- 250 Sand with very soft blue clay 250- 315 Sand and bluish clay 315- 500 Sandstone. 500- 512 Yellow sand 512- 517 Sandstone 517- 525 Sand 525- 529 Very hard bluish rock 529- 699 Rock and clay 699- . 729 Red and blue clay with hard layers 729- 899 Bluish clay with red layers 899- 989 Reddish and greenish clay 989-1, 099 Sand 1, 099-1, 104 Record of Ovejas well, 8 miles east of Sauz ranch, Cameron County. Feet. Soil and clay 0- 10 Sand and clay 10- 53 Clay and sand in hard and soft layers 53- 68 Sand 68- 81 White clay and gravels ( ' ' Equus beds " ) 81 - 115 Sandy clay and sand rock 115- 134 Sand and sandstone 134- 185 Clay and sandstone ■ 185- 208 Sand 208- 225 Blue clay ". . 225- 278 Sand 278- 290 Sand and sandstone 290- 378 Blue clay 378- 408 Coarse sand 408- 421 Clay containing hard layers 421- 442 Sandstone 442- 450 Sand .' 450- 470 White clay 470- 476 Sand J 476- 490 Bluish clay 490- 520 Sand and sandstone 520- 532 Bluish clay 532- 551 Sand and sandstone , 551- 560 Blue clay 560- 585 Sandy clay 585- 596 Very fine sand 596- 613 Sand and sandstone 613- 630 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 190 PL. Ill ARTESIAN WELLS IN RIO GRANDE EMBAYMENT. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. HIDALGO COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is procured from wells in Hidalgo County at depths varying from 25 feet on the lower ground to 150 feet on the highlands. An abundant supply is usually obtained. Artesian wells. — During the last few years many successful artesian wells have been bored in the northern half of Hidalgo County. These are located mainly on the Lasater, Sullivan, Armstrong, Ward & Rus- sell, and King ranches. In January, 1906, information had been obtained of about 60 of these wells, but there are others about whicn no data are available. The following is a partial list of the wells, giv- ing their depth and approximate flow. Artesian wells in northern Hidalgo County. ED. C. LASATER RANCH. Name. Driller. Depth. Flow per minute. No. 9 O.S.Caldwell do Feet. 460 438 478 484 460 Gallons. 10 No. 4 35 Perrv Downs do 75 75 do 25 D. SULLIVAN RANCH. J ap Twins Do S. A. Hamlin do... 742 1,008 820 630 630 350 530 530 400 600 do 800 Tula Twin do 300 Do do 400 do 500 South Twin do 200 Do ...do... 150 WARD & RUSSELL RANCH. No. 1 S. A, Hamlin ±500 ±500 ±500 1,008 Flows. No. 2 do Do. No. 3 .do Do. No. 4 . do .. Do. KING RANCH. A. W. Ferguson do 382 530 75 Andrea 70 ...do Tampieo ...do... 719 668 747 50 Comanche do 35 do 200 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. A chemical analysis of the water of the White Sulphur well (Lasater ranch) is given below: Analysis of water from White Sulphur well, Lasater ranch, Hidalgo County. a Parts pet million. Ammonium (NH 4 ) 0. 04 Sodium (Na) 260. 00 Magnesium (Mg) 29. 00 Calcium (Ca) 75.00 Iron (Fe) 2.60 Chlorine (CI) , 380.00 Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) 02 Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 170. 00 Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) . . . 120. 00 Silica (Si0 2 ) 36. 00 Organic matter 12. 00 1, 084. 66 Total solids at 105° Total solids ignited, ness lull Parts red- P 1 1 sr million. 090. 00 000. 00 Loss on ignition Albuminoid ammonia Free ammonia (NH 3 ) Nitrites (NH 3 ).. 90.00 .01 .023 .007 Oxygen required 4.500 Temporary hardness. 140. 00 Permanent hardness. 68. 00 STARR COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is generally obtained at shallow depths throughout Starr County, but along the Rio Grande a large portion of the inhabitants use river water. Artesian wells. — Artesian water is found in the northeastern part of the county, near the town of Falfurrias. The wells range in depth from 540 to 1 ,020 feet. In the deeper borings five distinct water hori- zons are encountered, some of which have a capacity of 250 gallons a minute. The water is used extensively .for irrigation, and during the last two years the progress in artesian irrigation has been very rapid. The following is a list of wells in Starr County : Artesian wells in Starr County. Name. Los Mosquitos. Mesquite Alto Bonito Barendo Copa Falfurrias No. 1 Novilla Depth. Flow per minute. Feet. Gallons. 710 25 540 100 562 250 526 30 603 30 800 15 760 75 Name. Colosa : Railroad Tank Falfurrias No. 2 Falfurrias No. 3 Copita Depth. F l°Zr Feet. 669 810 756 1,020 700 664 Gallons. 100 150 100 80 110 75 a Analysis by H. W. Harper and B. i, April, 1903. /lascock, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, STARR AND NUECES COUNTIES. An analysis of the water from the Mesquite well is given below : Analysis of ivater from Mesquite well, Lasater ranch, Starr County. a Parts per million. Ammonium (NH 4 ) 0. 07 Sodium (Na) 170.00 Magnesium (Mg) 3 Calcium (Ca) 38. 00 Iron(Fe) .1 Chlorine (CI) 4 Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) None. Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 39. 00 Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 150. 00 Silica (Si0 2 ) 18. 00 Organic matter 44. 00 459. 87 Parts per million. Total solids at 105° 680 Total solids ignited, dull redness. 610 Loss on ignition 70 Albuminoid ammonia (NH 3 ) 062 Free ammonia (NH 3 ) 006 Oxygen required 16 Temporary hardness 230 Permanent hardness 19 NUECES COUNTY. Shallow wells. — At most places throughout Nueces County water can be obtained at depths of 30 to 40 feet, but in the southern part of the county many of the shallow wells furnish brackish water. There are wells in the northern part of the county which range in depth from 50 to 180 feet. The deepest of these penetrated a water-bearing sand which furnishes 60 gallons of water a minute. Throughout the east- ern part of the county water is obtained at a depth of 35 to 40 feet, but much of it is saline. Along the west side of the county the wells 80 feet deep supply only a small amount of water, while those which have been bored to a depth of 150 feet afford an abundance, and in many of them the water rises to within 70 feet of the surface. Artesian wells. — Artesian water is secured throughout the southern two-thirds of this county at depths which vary from 490 to 1,240 feet. In the amount of flow these wells range from a few gallons to over 600 gallons a minute. So far no flowing wells have been obtained north of the Texas and Mexico Railroad, although borings have been made at Alice, Robstown, and Corpus Christi. The northernmost of the successful wells in this county are on the Driscoll ranch. A list of the artesian wells, giving their depth, flow, and other data, follows. a Analysis by H. W. Harper and C. Hartmann, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, April, 1903. v 10 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells in Nueces County. KING'S WELLS. Depth. Flow per minute. 1. Palo Alto No. 1. Palo Alto No. 2. Santa Gertrudis No. Parrita Ebanito No. 1 Ebanito No. 2 Fitch Jenson Baltimore Canelo : . . . Oaso Ancho Lower Little Pasture. .. Santa Gertrudis No. 2. . Coyote Chiltipin Burro Telephone Portales ■. Guayacan Jaboncillos Rincon de Los Cabellos. Bovida Retamosa Conchas Vivoras Visnaga Santa Gertrudis No. 3.. Santa Gertrudis No. 4.. Alazan Santa Clara Valederas Rincon de Tio Pancho. . Leoncitas Tranquitas Little Pasture Rediche Tranquecitos Caldwell Indios Mota Negra Palo Marcado Comitas Homer Alazan No. 2 Cobeza Priesta Ebenito Leoncitas No. 2 Herring Young Taylor Johnson Reed Harper Kingsville Simms McNeil Warren Huffman Jesse Weir Harvey Hoffman Alexander Penn Santa Gertrudis No. 5. . T. Herring. do ....do ....do ....do ....do • ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do :...do ....do ....do ....do ....do King Machinery Co. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do A. W. Ferguson ....do ..„do ....do Tom Leary ....do ....do ....do do ....do ....do ....do ....do do.. do do A. B. Fuller King Machinery Co. do do do do. T. Herring. J. P. Morris T. Herring. J. P. Morris T. Herring R. J. Mills... R. Robertson W. J. House T. Herring A. B. Fuller T. Herring. J. P. Morris W. J. House T. Herring do do W. J. House King Machinery Co. Feet. 552 704 535 470 456 475 396 402 474 495 590 545 550 .795 840 928 874 1,085 905 948 764 720 447 427 989 913 565 560 423 525 591 615 570 655 574 680 640 540 480 550 700 578 506 465 410 635 397 1,050 805 630 620 626 616 625 609 600 610 628 630 640 (a) 632 626 Gallons. 20 20 125 350 250 100 100 225 110 250 40 50 75 30 25 300 75 100 100 60 400 300 30 30 10 40 160 100 40 400 400 400 250 50 00 200 150 150 100 25 5 300 50 90 60 100 25 75 20 50 40 40 70 100 75 34 75 110 66 650 5X0 a In progress. NUECES COUNTY. 11 Artesian wells in Nueces County — Continued. SEELIGSON'S WELLS. Name. Driller. Depth. Flow per minute. Feet. 464 633 630 475 Gallons. 50 Balli do 65 do 8 do 75 ANNA COLLINS'S WELLS. White Bros 625 825 918 790 50 do. 9 do 150 do : 50 ROBERT DRISCOLL'S WELLS. Palito Blanco. Quates Dunn ranch... Do Do Chas. P. Fox.. do Leary & Gano. Thos. Fowler.. do 612 653 525 150 100 25 60 100 ANDRES CANALES'S WELLS. La Cabra F. Rosales Ranchito ! do i 440 458 80 SO CHARLES WEIL'S WELL. 558 35 RAGLAND & HERRING'S WELLS. T. Herring W. C. Downing 470 499 100 Do 60 TEXAS LAND AND CATTLE COMPANY'S LAURELES RANCH A VELLS. Shipping Pasture. San Vicente Santa Cruz Mujeres Rincon La Salle. . Garcia Rincon La Salle. . Headquarters Rincon La Salle. . O. S. Caldwell. do do J. McAlester. .. do do do do do 1,130 926 1,068 1,020 1,240 1,150 1,185 998 1,295 40 30 160 120 240 25 60 12 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of Galveston well, Seeligson ranch, about 30 miles south of Alice, Nueces County Feet. Light-colored clay 0- 19 Soft sandstone 19- 39 Very hard, white flinty rock 39- 119 Pink to yellowish clay 119- 199 Reddish clay mixed with bowlders 199- 359 Coarse gray sand 359- 404 Sand and clay 404- 437 Sand and coarse gravel 437- 453 Sand and clay 453- 549 Sand and gravel 549- 569 Rock and sand in alternate layers 569- 589 Sand mixed with small pebbles 589- 610 Fine-grained gray sand (water bearing, 10 gallons per minute) 610- 631 White calcareous clay 631- 686"- Hard clay containing bowlders 686- 736 Gray sandstone 736- 756 Blue clay ■ 756- 776 Blue clay with yellow spots 776- 816 Blue clay, fine grained 816- 856 White clay with yellow spots (not water bearing) 856-1, 001 Analysis of water from Santa Clara well, on King's ranch, Nueces County. a Parts per million. Ammonium (NH) 01 Potassium (K) 11. 00 Sodium (Na) 130.00 Magnesium (Mg) 16. 00 Calcium (Ca) 35. 00 Iron (Fe) 2.00 Chlorine (CI) 140. 00 Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) 05 Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 140. 00 Bicarbonate radicle (HCO s ) 140. 00 Silica (Si0 2 ) 24.00 Organic matter 40. 00 678. 06 Parts per milliom. Total solids at 105° 680 Total solids ignited, dull redness. 600 Loss on ignition. . . ; 80 Albuminoid ammonia (NH 3 ) . 014 Free ammonia (NH 3 ) None. Nitrates 05 Nitrites None. Oxygen required 13 Temporary hardness 260 Permanent hardness None. a Analysis liy H. W. Harper and E. Anderson, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, April, 1903. SAN PATRICIO AND REFUGIO COUNTIES. 13 Analysis of water from Balli well, Seeligson ranch, Nueces County. a Parts per million. Ammonium (NH 4 ) 0. OS Potassium (K) 8. 30 Sodium (Na) 270. 00 Magnesium (Mg) .90 Calcium (Ca) 1 69. 00 Iron (Fe) 2.00 Chlorine (CI) 250. 00 Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) .01 Sufphate radicle (S0 4 ) 250. 00 Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) . . . 180. 00 Silica (Si0 2 ) 33. 00 Organic matter 78. 00 1, 141. 29 Parts per million. Total solids at 105° 1, 080 Total solids ignited, dull red- ness 930 Loss on ignition 150 Albuminoid ammonia (NH 3 ).. .06 Free ammonia (NH 3 ) . 014 Nitrates .006 Temporary hardness 210 Permanent hardness 63 SAN PATRICIO COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In San Patricio County the shallow wells vary in depth from 20 to 130 feet, and they usually furnish a large supply of water. Artesian wells. — Only a few artesian wells have been bored in this county. A partial list of these is given below: Artesian wells in San Patricio County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diameter. Feet. 983 365 290 Gallons. 60 Inches. S. G . Miller Flows. REFUGIO COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The depth of shallow wells in Refugio County varies from 10 to 60 feet, and they generally furnish a sufficient amount of water for ordinary domestic purposes. Artesian wells. — Information has been obtained of five artesian wells located on O'Connor's ranch. The depth, flow, and approxi- mate location of these wells are given in the following table : a Analysis by II. W. Harper and Barney Brooks, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, April, 1903. irr 190—07 2 14 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian tvells in Refugio County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Distance and direction from Anaqua. Feet. 946 826 1,204 972 1,000 Gallons. 60 175 175 150 40 Do Do Do.- Do 11.5 miles south, 25 miles west. 13 miles south, 5 miles east. ARANSAS COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Aransas County, which borders the coast, water is obtained at depths varying from 25 to 80 feet. Artesian wells .^-There are at present no artesian wells in this county, and as far as can be ascertained no prospecting has been done. CALHOUN COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The average depth of shallow wells throughout Calhoun County is 30 feet, and in most cases an abundant supply is obtained. Artesian wells. — There are 21 artesian wells in Calhoun County, mainly on the ranch of T. M. O'Connor. Their approximate location, together with other data, is given in the following table: Artesian wells in Calhoun County. Owner. C. A. Mitchell o J. E. Shuttb II. C. Clark Do Do Thomas estate '. Do Do J. B. Watkins T. M. O'Connor: Oil Boggy Old pens Johnny Woods . . Double dams.. . . Cein Poild . . . Eclipse No. 1 Queen Branding pen. . . Perry Bend Eclipse No. 2 Tule Pond Eclipse No. 3 Bayshore Dandy Eagle Nest Alligator Dugan dam Salt fiat Middle Dandy. . . Fence line 25-foot Dandy... Depth. Feet. 380 802 496 330 360 441 442 500 366 780 572 570 600 540 490 480 482 460 480 316 315 320 390 460 1,484 380 275 420 480 480 Flow per minute. Gallons. Weak. 63 12 Distance and direction from Point Lavaca. 4 miles northeast. 8 miles southeast. 8 miles south. Do. 4 miles south. 5 miles south. 7 miles southwest. 9 miles south. 14 miles 16 miles 14 miles 12 miles Do. 14 miles Do. 15 miles 13 miles 11 miles 12 miles 10 miles 11 miles 15 miles Do. 16 miles 17 miles 18 miles 15 miles 14 miles Do. southeast, southeast, southeast, southeast. southeast. southeast. southeast. southeast, southeast south. south. south. south, south, south, south, south. a Diameter H inches b Diameter 2 inches. CALHOUN AND VICTORIA COUNTIES. 15 Record of well at Alligator Head, Calhoun County. a Feet. Surface soil 0- 3 Fine white quicksand 3- 21 White clay 21- 43 Greenish clay containing shells 43- 80 Gray sand 80- 83 Hard yellowish clay 83- 160 Coarse sand containing shells 160- 166 Hard clay containing shells . 166- 210 Sand 210- 225 Hard clay containing oyster shells. 225- 320 Sand containing oyster shells 320- 365 Blue clay containing a few shells 365- 452 Coarse gray sand 452- 476 Conglomerate 476- 551 Gray sand 551- 567 Conglomerate with layers of blue clay 567- 694 Gray sand, traces of oil 694- 704 Hard rock 704- 707 Light sand, traces of oil 707- 710 Blue clay 710- 713 Hard rock with soft layers , - 713- 725 Gray sand containing fragments of shells 725- 767 "Shell concrete" 767- 887 Sand, water and oil bearing 887- 912 Conglomerate 912- 916 Gray sand 916- 942 Blue clay containing bowlders and shells 942-1, 008 Light-colored clay and fine gray sand in alternate layers 1, 008-1, 022 Blue clay 1, 022-1, 039 Rock 1, 039-1, 042 Blue clay containing bowlders and shells 1, 042-1, 051 White sand, traces of oil : 1, 051-1, 052 Blue clay with hard layers 1, 052-1, 056 Light-colored clay with hard layers 1, 056-1, 087 White sand', water bearing 1, 087-1, 097 Red and blue clay 1, 097-1, 230 Light-colored clay iron stained 1, 230-1, 462 Variegated clay 1, 462-1, 484 VICTORIA COtnSTTV. Shallow wells. — Shallow wells are obtained in Victoria County at depths varying from 30 feet in the southern part to 80 feet in the northern and western parts. Artesian wells. — Information has been received of 17 artesian wells in this county. The majority of these wells are on the Keeran ranch in the watershed of Garcitas and Aranosa creeks. The following is a list giving their depth, flow, diameter, and approximate location: a Furnished by J. D. Mitchell, Victoria, Tex. 16 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells in Victoria County Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Location. Feet. 1,045 180 200 148 705 130 77 50 222 110 140 425 180 716 592 152 226 Gallons. 80 Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. 10 10 $ Inches. 2 3 2 Do Do. Do . Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Kemper, 1.5 miles south. Do south. Kemper, 7milesnortn. Jno. T. Rusk JACKSON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is obtained in the eastern part of Jackson County at depths varying from 25 to 40 feet; in the southern and western parts from 40 to 60 feet; and in the northern part from 25 to 45 feet. Artesian wells. — Artesian water has been found in this county south of the New York, Texas, and Mexican Railway, and it is believed by local observers that artesian water can be obtained almost anywhere in the northern part of the county. The following table gives a list of the wells, with their depth, flow, and approximate location. Artesian wells in Jackson County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Location. C. Branch Feet. 223 365 360 402 398 785 325 324 362 330 338 348 366 401 893 777 540 360 152 560 240 480 355 450 Gallons. 7 5 42 4 2 6 Edna, 10 miles south- Do east. Do. S. Mitchell east. east. W. Westhoff east. Buhler L. Ward 150 60 100 40 100 50 R. E. Ward east. Do east. Do south. Do southeast. Do east. southwest. Do Do Bennett & West Do Do Do... Do Do Do JACKSON COUNTY. 17 A well owned by S. H. Beasley, drilled in 1903 close to the west bank of Navidad River, about 1 mile north of the crossing of the New York, Texas and Mexican Railway, has the following record: Record of Beasley well in central Jackson County. Feet. Sandy soil - \ ■ Red clay \- 16 Red sand 16 - 30 Red clay 30 - 46 Rock 46 - 47 Sand 47 - 55 Rock 55 - 56 Sand and red clay in alternate layers 56 -120 Sand 120 -140 Rock 140 -141 Sand 141 -223 Red clay and sand 223 -249 Rock 249 -258$ Clay and rock 258J-268J Red clay 268^270$ Sand 270i-285J Rock 285J-286 Red clay 286 -287 Sand 287 -289 Rock 289 -290 Sand 290 -311 Rock 311 -335J White clay 335J-339 Sand 339 -361 Rock 361 -387 J Sand 387|-408J Rock 408|-411 Sand 411 -414 Rock .' 414 -424 Sand : , 424 -465 Rock! 465 -469 Sand 469 -479 Rock 479 -481 Sand 481 -498 Rock 498 -510 Sand 510 -521 Rock 521 -525 Sand 525 -545 Red clay '. . 545 -548 Sand 548 -558 Red clay 558 -566 Sand 566 -586 Rock 586 -596 Sand 596 -640 Blue clay 640 -650 Sand and clay in alternate layers 650 -665 Rock 665 -669 Sand 669 -675 18 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Feet. Rock 675- 676 Sand and clay in alternate layers 676- 695 Rock 695- 698 Sand • 698- 771 Blue clay •. I 771- 777 Red sand 777- 799 Red clay 799- 852 Red and blue clay 852- 910 Red clay 910- 950 White clay 950- 995 Blue clay 995-1, 000 000-1, 007 007-1, 009 009-1, 022 022-1, 038 038-1, 060 060-1, 107 107-1, 112 112-1, 140 140-1, 144 144-1, 155 155-1, 156 156-1, 200 200-1, 238 238-1, 245 245-1, 270 270-1, 330 330-1, 370 Sand Red clay Water-bearing sand. White clay Sand Clay.. s Soft mud Red clay Rock Clay Rock Red clay Soft mud Rock Soft mud Clay Sand, fine water bearer 1 An artesian well owned by Russell Ward, 25 miles from Edna, in the southeast corner of Jackson County, has the following record: Record of Ward artesian well in southeastern Jackson County. Surface soil. Red clay. Feet. 0- 10 10-20 " Oyster shells " 20- 25 Red clay 25-110 Fine sand, water bearing 110-130 Blue clay 130-155 Thin layer of rock Blue clay 155-225 Soft black mud 225-230 "Water sand " and gravel 230-260 Red and white clay '. 260-290 Layer of thin rock Red and white clay 290-330 Sand and gravel, artesian water bearing 330-365 DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 19 MATAGORDA COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Matagorda County shallow wells are from 15 to 30 feet deep. Artesian wells. — Artesian water lias been secured at many places, especially in the southern part of the county. Data respecting these wells are given in the following table: Artesian ivells in Matagorda County. Owner. J. E. Pierce. Do Do Do Do Do Do A. B. Pierce J. E. Pierce A. B. Mayes Oil Co 6 870 C. C Duson J. L. Jordan Morre-Cortes Tackett & Co Ward Cattle Co L. Ward Platner & Stoddard J. T. Sargent. Cane Belt Railroad Southern Pacific Railroad. J. L. Ladd Palacios (town) Palacios College A. H. Pierce Palacios Cobell & Hughes Flow. Depth. Diam- eter. Per min- Above ute. , surface. Feet. Inches. Gallons. Feet. 356 4 50 8 a 380 4 15 4 280 4 10 2 280 4 10 2 350 4 50 8 336 4 15 3 350 4 CO 16 465 4 60 15 485 4 50 10 6 870 4 20 10 326 6 30 .5 530 4 75 8 125 3 5 2 460 6 100 20 350 4 75 20 326 4 25 2 440 2 10 4 "81 4 7 2 400 6 150 4 320 6 40 4 444 2 15 1.2 572 4 60 4 620 4 75 6 1,500 800 1,100 ooo Location. Bay City, 25 miles south- west. Bay City, 22 miles south- west. Do. Do. Do. Blessing. Blessing, 3 miles south. Palacios, 4 miles northeast. Palacios, 10 miles south. Matagorda, 5 miles north- east. Midfleld. Blessing, li miles west. Markham, ~1 mile south. Palacios, 1 mile northwest. Palacios, 5 miles northwest Midfield, 4 miles southwest. Wadsworth, 1.5 miles south- east. Hawkinsville, 6 miles south- east. Bay City. Palacios. Bay City. Palacios. Do. Bay City, 9 miles north. Palacios. Ashby. i Sulphur water at 280 feet; bored 100 feet farther and good water obtained. b Bored for oil; flows warm sulphur water, which is slightly saline. cJohn T. Sargent has about 12 deep wells on his ranch. They average about SO feet in depth and the water rises within 2 feet of the surface. WHARTON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Wharton County west of Colorado River water can be obtained from wells varying in depth from 15 to 30 feet. In the vicinity of El Campo many rice farms are supplied with water from shallow wells. Here the water-bearing sand lies about 15 feet below the surface. A pit 4 to 6 feet in diameter is dug to the water- bearing sand and in the bottom of this excavation three or four wells are drilled. These wells are all cased, and to the top of the casing centrifugal pumps, operated by engines on the surface, are attached. In this way a large supply of water is brought to the surface and used extensively in the irrigation of rice. The most successful shallow- well irrigation plants in Texas are in the vicinity of El Campo. Artesian wells.^On account of the shallow depth at which ground water can be secured, few attempts have been made to obtain artesian water. The only artesian well in the county of which a record has been kept is known as the Borden well and was drilled in 1S92. It 20 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. is located near Pierce and has a depth of 1,509 feet. A complete record of the beds penetrated is given below: Record of A. P. Borden well, Pierce station, Wharton County. Feet, Clay and sand 0- 30 Ked sand ., 30- 35 Quicksand 35- 43 Blue clay 43- 53 Indurated sand 53- 70 Yellow clay and sand 70- 100 Coarse sand 100- 106 Red clay 106- 127 Clay and sand 127- 191 Coarse sand. 191- 214 Fine sand 214- 250 Red clay 250- 254 Fine sand 254- 270 Yellow clay 270- 280 Sand and clay 280- 300 Fine white sand 300- 373 Indurated sand, very hard 373- 383 Yellow sand 383- 385 Indurated sand, very hard 385- 410 Yellow sand mixed with thin layers of clay 410- 460 Sand, clay, and gravel 460- 476 Indurated sand, very hard 476- 485 Indurated sand, soft and hard layers alternating 485- 529 Indurated sand, very hard 529- 549 Red and white clay 549- 582 Fine white sand 582- 590 Indurated sand with soft layers 590- 612 Hard clay 612- 650 Very hard sandstone 650- 687 Limestone, very hard .- 687- 693 Very coarse sand 693- 696 Limestone, very hard 696- 700 White clay 700- 730 Very hard white clay 730- 745 Soft mottled clay 745- 786 Red mottled clay 786- 818 Red sand 818- 838 Quicksand 838- 850 Red clay 850- 890 Gray sand 890- 920 Very hard white clay I 920- 938 Gray sand 938- 970 Indurated sand 970- 976 Fine gray sand 976- 996 Hard clay 996-1, 000 Hard gray sand 1, 000-1, 010 White clay 1, 010-1, 015 White sand 1, 015-1, 039 White clay 1, 039-1, 050 Very hard white clay... : 1, 050-1, 053 BRAZORIA COUNTY. 21 Feet. Rock 1, 053-1, 065 Very hard white clay 1, 065-1, 076 Sandstone and hard blue clay 1, 076-1, 128 Water-bearing sand, gray 1, 128-1, 150 White clay 1, 150-1, 205 Red clay 1, 205-1, 359 Fine red sand 1, 359-1, 366 Red clay 1, 366-1, 450 White clay 1, 450-1, 470 White clay with sand 1, 470-1, 509 In the southern part of Wharton County, near the Matagorda County line, there are two small artesian wells owned by the Texas Land and Cattle Company. These are 2-inch wells, 315 and 513 feet deep, respectively, the former having a flow of 1 gallon and the latter 8 gallons a minute. BRAZORIA COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is obtained from shallow wells throughout Brazoria County at depths which vary from 15 to 30 feet. Artesian wells. — Flowing wells are widely distributed throughout the county, on both the east and west sides of Brazos River. They vary considerably in depth, some being over 1,000 feet, and in the amount of flow they range from a few gallons to over 700 gallons a minute. The water is generally of good quality, but from a few wells saline flows have been reported. Artesian wells in Brazoria County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Location. Feet. 1.060 640 1,000 600 1,020 450 Gallons. 720 60 180 90 200 Slight. ....do... Inches. 8 4 4 4 4i 2 2 10 10 10 10 S. H. Hudgins Do J. S. Hogg 250 500 700 504 365 950 800 1,030 1,040 1,050 1,100 600 1,000 1,000 911 785 603 772 704 1,200 650 700 760 300 300 600 100 100 Slight. Do west. Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. 4 8 J. P. Bryan 90 Oil well Do Do. H. L. Skeets Slight. ....do... Strong. 6 3£ 6 12 R. Willis Do. E. B. Thomas W. H. Bush E. M. Miller Strong. Santa Fe R. R J. S. Daugherty Do west. Guffey Strong. 22 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of Arnold well No. 3, Columbia, Brazoria County. Feet. Surface soil, clay, and sand - 85 Rock : 85-85J Sand 85 J- 88 Bock 88-89J Oil sand 893,-118 Clay 118 -150 Rock 150 -158 Blue clay 158 -192 Soft rock 192 -196 Sand 196 -210 Soft rock . , 210 -212 Blue clay '. , 212 -218 Soft rock 218 -219 Blue clay 219 -260 Soft lime rock 260 -261 Blue clay, very tough 261 -275 Rock (hard layer at 294 feet contains some gas) 275 -299 Hard rock , 299 -315 Crystallized sand " 315 -328 Blue clay 328 -333 Rock .'....' 333 -338 Sand 338 -343 Blue clay 343 -346 Compact sand 346 -354 Clay 354 -368 Rock 368 -370 Clay ■. 370 -395 Soft rock .' 395 -397 Blue clay 397 -405 Rock 405 -406 Blue clay 406 -428 Crystallized sand 428 -462 Blue clay, very hard and oil saturated 462 -484 Soft rock 484 -486 Blue clay 486 -510 Sand, very compact 510 -532 Rock, full of pyrites and shell 532 -534 Sand, very compact 534 -574 Hard rock, conglomerate, pyrites, and lime; rock sulphur and shell 574 -582 Hard blue clay 582 -620 Rock, pyrites, sulphur, lime, volcanic crystals, and oil satura- tions 620 -628 Blue clay 628 -632 Rock with sand 632 -651 Sand 651 -657 Rock 657 -675 Hard rock 675 -676 Sand 676 -678 Very hard rock 678 -680 Sand, color of oil , , 680 -681 Rock, very hard 681 -682 Sand 682 -691 BRAZOEIA COUNTY. 23 Feet. Blue clay 691 - 719 Sand 719- 723 Blue clay - 723 - 729 Oilsand 729 - 734 Blue clay • 734 - 800 Sand 800 - 835 Shell with some little showing of oil 835 - 857 Blue clay, very thin strata full of shell 857 - 858 Sand 858 - 870 Blue clay 870 - 906 Crystallized sand 906 - 926 Hock 926 - 936 Blue clay 936 - 943 ' Sand 943- 970 Soft sandstone 970 - 971 Hard sandstone 971 - 973 Clay 973 - 989 Sand 989 -1, 002 Hard rock '.'..' 1, 002 -1, 004 Sand, fairly firm, contains fossil wood 1, 004 -1, 012 Hard clay 1, 012 -1, 050 Sand with a little gas 1, 050 -1, 110 Blue clay 1, 110 -1, 115 Sand 1, 115 -1, 136 Soft rock, or compact sand 1, 136 -1, 214 Clay, blue with a greenish cast. Record of well on lot 234, Hoskins Mound {midway between Velasco and Alvin), Brazoria County. Feet. Black surface clay 0- 4 Pale blue clay ." 4 - 12 Red clay 12 - 25 Yellow loamy sand , rather fine 25 - 45 Blue gumbo 45 - 85 Blue quicksand 85 -130 Blue clay filled with small white shells 130 -152 Blue quicksand 152 -172 Blue gumbo, very tough 172 -233 Blue sand, fine grained, with black specks; first indication of oil. 233 -239 Sand with come clay 239 -378 Blue sand, coarse, with black specks; some oil near bottom 378 -423 Blue clay with some small shells 423 -465 Coarse blue sand with black specks 465 -500 Blue sand with some brown layers, contains iron pyrite and some small shells 500 -530 •Soft blue clay with small shells 530 -535 Blue clay with larger shells 535 -555 Blue clay with few shells 555 -580 Blue gumbo, very tough ; shells 580 -595 Tough blue clay with few shells 595 -628 Blue sand with gravel and some shells 628 -632| Blue sand with coarse black particles 632^-642$ Blue clay with large shells 642^-654 Blue clay with shell fragments 654 -674 24 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Feet. Blue sand, gravel with black particles; considerable gas 674 -684 Blue sand with many black particles; good show of oil from 688 to 692 feet 684 -692 Bluish sand, coarse; shows oil saturation 692 -711 Tough blue clay containing shells : 711 -720 Tough blue gumbo containing bowlders 720 -722 Blue clay and sand; show of oil 722 -728 Blue clay with thin layers of sandstone 728 -735 Tough blue gumbo 735 -755 Blue gumbo with thin layers of sandstone and limestone . . 755 -778 Blue sand with iron pyrites; some show of oil at 778 feet 778 -783 Tough blue gumbo with thin layers of sandstone and limestone; considerable iron pyrites 783 -786 Blue gumbo with shells 786 -793 Sand with iron pyrites; ' ' oil show " 793 -794 Tough blue gumbo 794 -799 Very hard blue clay with rock 2 to 6 feet thick, mostly limestone. 799 -825 FORT BEND COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water in sufficient quantity for ordinary domestic purposes is obtained throughout Fort Bend County at depths of 15 to 40 feet. Deep wells. — A few deep pump wells have been sunk. Two on the Cunningham farm near Sugar Land are 1,000 feet deep. The town of Richmond derives its water supply from a pump well 400 feet deep. The following is a list of some of the deeper wells in this region. Deep wells in Fort Bend County. Owner. Depth. Capacity. Location. T W. House Feet. 925 1,000 400 1,000 1,000 Gallons. 00 60 Do Do Do. HARRIS COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Good shallow wells have been bored in Harris County, at Clodine, Erin, Katy, and Deepwater, and it is believed that wells of this character may be obtained throughout the county. In the vicinity of Clodine, on the rice farms of the Meadow Brook Company, the wells are generally 150 feet deep and 10 inches in diameter, the water rising within 15 to 20 feet of the surface. Wells on the J. H. O'Donnell farm, at Erin, are less than 100 feet deep and penetrate 46 feet of water-bearing sand. At Katy the two wells of J. E. Cabaniss are 93 and 94 feet deep. Artesian wells. — There are about 140 artesian wells in Harris County, 80 of these being at Houston, where the artesian water resources have been better developed than in any other part of the HARRIS COUNTY. 25 State. The city water supply of Houston is derived from 60 artesian wells which have been drilled in an area of 14 acres lying on either side of Buffalo Bayou. The general distribution of these and other artesian wells in Harris County is shown in PI. II (p. 2), and the fol- lowing tables contain all available information concerning them : Artesian wells in Harris County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Location. A. L. Smith Feet. 570 520 670 475 615 470 500 450 650 600 90 250 250 700 300 660 640 670 660 440-500 440 380 450 450 Gallons. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. 70 Flows. Flows. 350 170 Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. 100 Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. 35 209 104 249 250 490 Flows. 40 125 75 95 45 175 Inches. H. D. T. Wilson Do. City Do. H. Bohen Do Col. Burnett 3 H. D. Allen... J. G. Todd AlfPalm 3 east. Citv 3 6 4 Clark & Co Do. Do Do. Tud Allen N. A. Baker 440 217 330 340 340 340 330 330 300 300 344 324 330 290 310 180 210 659 500 450 65 400 240 280 88 180 500 150 300 200 500 500 500 800 180 242 339 800 570 830 Do. Do Do Do Do Deepwater, 1 mile south- east. Deepwater, 1 mile north- east. Deepwater, 2 miles north- west. Do. Col. Hill Wright P. H. West A. G. Howell Do. Do. H. E. Halladay Do. Do. I. L. Pitts Do. Chas. D. Allen G. Dogg F. E. Marklcy C. W. Hahl Do B. F. Smith Fort Smith H. F. V. Blender Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do. do : Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. 26 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells of waterworks at Houston, Harris County. No. Depth. Diam- eter. No. Depth. Diam- eter. No. Depth. Diam- eter. 1 Feet. 140 140 80 140 140 140 140 154 312 328 130 328 ' 292 292 460 460 564 115 493 Inches. 15 6 6 15 15 15 15 6 S 6 6 4 8 8 8 6 8 6 8 20 Feet. 183£ 314 703 692 192 204 802 1,170 814 502 1,165 317 319 823 1,185 1,171 292 314 1,173 Inches. 4 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 10 12 8 12 10 9 12 8 12 12 38 39 Feet. 325 684 211 319 720 806 496 800 1,185 2,018 1,214 1,305 1,280 936 936 501 828 635 Inches. 10 9 21 22 12 3 40 41 42 43 44 45 8 4 5 23 24 :. 8 7 6 25 8 7 26 8 8 27. 8 9 28 29 30 46 47 48 12 10 11 8 12 31 32 33 49 50 51 52 8 13 14 8 8 15 34 8 16 35 36 36 37 53 8 17 54 8 18 55 8 19... Record of well No. 28, Houston, Harris County. Feet. Surface soil.. 0-30 Clay 30- 44 Sand and rock 44- 74 Clay .... 74- 89 Sand and gravel 89- 93 White clay 93-137 Sand 137-210 Clay and gravel 210-290 White sand and gravel, water bearing; hard to finish. 290-316 Clay and gravel 316-356 Red sand 356-393 Clay and gravel 393-456 White clay and gravel 456-496 Sand, clay, and gravel 496-514 Sand 514-526 Gravel 526-532 Clay - 532-570 Limestone 570-571 Sand and gravel 571-585 Clay '...- 585-600 Hard rock 600-602 Clay 602-608 Sand 608-618 Clay 618-658 Clay and gravel 658-668 Sand 668-678 Clay and sand 678-687 Sand 687-705 Clay and gravel 705-745 Sand 745-756 White clay 756-772 Water-bearing sand 772-814 HAERIS AND GALVESTON COUNTIES. 27 Record of deep well at Houston, Harris County. Feet. Clay and sand - 154 Sand, water bearing 154 - 161 Clay 161 - 163 Sand 163 - 210 Clay 210 - 280 Sand 280 - 312 Clay 312 - 345 Rock 345 - 345^ Sand 345^- 350 Clay 350 - 415 Sand : • 415 - 420 Clay 420 - 465 Sand 465 - 502 Clay 502 - 540 Sand 540 - 570 Clay 570 - G05 Sand and gravel 605 - 643 Clay 643 - 670 Sand and gravel 670 - 702 Clay 702 - 745 Sand 745 - 769 Clay 769 - 779 Sand 779 - 805 Clay 805 - 810 Sand 810 - 835 Clay 835 - 895 Sand , 895 - 940 Clay 940 -1, 134 Rock 1, 134 -1, 137 Sand -. 1, 137 -1, 179 Clay 1, 179 -1, 236 Sand 1, 236 -1, 314 Rock 1, 314 -1, 315 Clay 1, 315 -1, 334 Sand ? 1, 334 -1, 368 Clay '. . ," 1, 368 -1, 430 Sand and gravel 1, 430 -1, 470 Clay and rock 1, 470 -1, 600 Rock with gas 1, 600 -1, 605 Clay 1,605 -1,895 Sand 1, 895 -1, 907 Clay 1, 907 -2, 025 GALVESTON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Galveston County the average depth of shallow wells is 25 feet. Artesian wells. — The log of the deep well at Galveston, bored about 1892, clearly indicates that artesian water could be found in the coast region at much shallower depths than that reached by this boring. The record down to the water-bearing sand is given below. There are at present about 90 artesian wells in Galveston County. Their 28 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS OOASTAL PLAIN. approximate location is shown in PI. II. The most important group of these wells is located 18 miles from Galveston, at Alta Loma, where 30 wells have been drilled on both sides of the Santa Fe Railway track. The original contract for these wells specified that 33 wells should be bored and a supply of 5,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours guaranteed. When 30 wells had been sunk, the yield was 9,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours, 4,000,000 gallons more than the contract amount. The wells are located in a line that trends nearly north and south, and there are about an equal number on each side of the railroad track. They are provided with pipes that connect with mains to a standpipe on the north side of the track. The wells are about 868 feet deep, and all receive their water from a bed of water-bearing sand 128 feet thick, which rests upon a layer of hard clay. This water horizon was encountered in all wells at a depth of 740 to 750 feet, but some were not bored through the water-bearing sand. The following table shows the depths of wells on the south side of the railroad : Partial list of wells at Alta Loma, Galveston County. No. Depth. Diame- ter. No. Depth. Diame- ter. No. Depth. Diame- ter. 2 Feet. 792 868 793 809 792 Inches. 7 7 7 5 5 12 Feet. 788 800 838 790 775 Inches. 5 5 5 5 5 22 Feet. 726 733 745 Inches. 5 4 14 24 26 5 6 16 9 8 18 * 10 20 Record of well at Alta Loma, Galvestoyi County. a Feet. Surface soil ■ 0- 4 Clay 4-12 Quicksand 12- 18 Very red clay 18- 25 Red quicksand • 25- 35 ' Clay '....■ : . . 35-37 Quicksand 37- 40 Red and white clay 40-100 Sand, water bearing; no flow ] 00-123 White clay 123-150 Red clay 150-173 Very hard red clay 173-190 Hard and soft clay 190-208 Soft red clay 208-218 Hard clay 218-230 Quicksand 230-385 Hard and soft white clay 385-435 Soft white clay 435-478 White sand and clay 478-488 Very hard shell rock 488-489 White water-bearing sand ; first flow 489-494 a Information furnished by E. H. Stobard. GALVESTON COUNTY. 29 Feet. Hard white clay 494-500 Soft white clay , 500-514 Hard and soft white clay 514-560 Hard white clay 560-590 Quicksand 590-611 Hard clay 611-620 Soft clay 620-631 Hard and soft clay 631-703 Sand and clay 703-735 Hard white clay '. 735-740 Sand, water bearing 740-868 Hard red clay 868- Artesian wells in Galveston County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Location. D. Collogue W.H. Crawford J. D. Ward C.C. Pellit F. Fonts John Williams Sam Saloets Charles Engelke Mick Weeks Joe Lohit Do Do Charles Nolan Do C. H. Collier Nicolini R. A. Walker A. W. Wilkerson Do J. C. League C. R. Reifel Do Mrs. L. Cours Mrs. R. T. Wheeler Do A. H. Tacquard Do Do Do Do Do Jacques Tacquard Do A. H. Tacquard (home) . . . A. H. Tacquard (pasture) . Feet. 640 675 700 620 600 750 550 700 675 640 640 640 600 650 Jules Perthius Do W. F. Reitmeyer Do J. Jinsen J. A. Minot David Tahey B. F. Fast Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe R. R. J. H. Kemper Alta Loma Co : Galveston, Houston and Henderson R. R.. W. McClintoc Galveston, Houston and Northern R. R. J. R. Myers Inman Compress Co South Galveston Land Co Do Galveston Brewing Co 640 750 550 530 526 562 410 420 690 763 406 300 306 60 763 180 710 720 230 495 433 420 500 763 576 702 720 600 914 630 600 725 912 640 644 872 Gallons. 200 (a) Inches. Dickinson. 8 Dickinson, ( 6 ) (a) 100 100 100 100 25 30 10 12 12 25 15 100 120 78 700 50 55 70 70 40 40 Flows. Dickinson, Dickinson, Dickinson, Dickinson, Dickinson, Dickinson, Dickinson, Dickinson. Do. Do. Dickinson, Dickinson, Dickinson, 1 mile east. 2 J miles east. 2 miles east. 1 mile south. 2 miles north. | mile northeast. 1J miles east, imile southwest. 1 mile south. 2\ miles south. i mile south. League City. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Hitchcock, h mile east. Hitchcock, i mile north. Hitchcock, 8 miles west. Hitchcock, 7 miles west. Hitchcock, 6 miles west. Hitchcock, 7 miles west. Hitchcock, 8 miles west. Do. Do. Do. Hitchcock, U miles west. Hitchcock, 2 miles south- west. Hitchcock, 2 miles east. Do. Hitchcock, H miles west. Do. Hitchcock, 1 mile east. Hitchcock, i mile south. Hitchcock, l.| miles east. Hitchcock, 2i miles west. Hitchcock, 100 yards east. Hitchcock, 1 mile east. Hitchcock, 4 miles north- west. Hitchcock, 4 miles east, at La Marque. Bay View. Edgewater. Texas City. Do. Middle of island. Do. a Water rises 10 feet above surface. irr 190—07 3 b Water rises 8 feet above surface. 30 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of deep well at Galveston. Pleistocene: Beet. Gray to buff sand 0- 46 Reddish-brown clay containing lenses of sandstone, quartz pebbles, nodules of dark-gray clay, and shell fragments 46- 63 Mottled red and blue clay containing shell fragments and in lower part lignitic material 63-100 Gray sandy clay 100-110 Fine gray sand with fragments of lignite 110-167 Buff-colored sandy clay 167-279 Fine gray sand with fragments of lignite 279-305 Grayish-brown clay with fragments of lignite 305-315 Fine sand, gray to buff, with fragments of lignite throughout bed and lower 35 feet slightly micaceous 315^440 •Grayish-brown clay with fragments of lignite, shells, corals, and claw of crustacean 440-^158 Age doubtful: Gray sandy clay, slightly micaceous ..." " 458-468 Brownish-gray sandy clay 468-497 Fine light-gray clayey sand, micaceous 497-575 Brownish-gray sandy clay 575-592 Gray sand, micaceous 592-612 Brownish sandy clay with shell fragments 612-647 Light-gray sandy clay 647-674 Reddish-brown sandy clay with shell fragments 674-706 Buff -colored sand, slightly micaceous 706-720 Brownish-gray clayey sand 720-737 Light-gray clayey sand, the lower 11 feet containing a few shell fragments and large pieces of lignite 737-827 Coarse silver-gray sand, composed of angular fragments of trans- lucent and smoky quartz not much water-worn (the water- bearing sand from which most of the city's water supply was derived previous to the utilization of the Alta Loma wells). . . 827.-882 This well was drilled to a depth of 3,070 feet, but practically no water-bearing sand of importance was found below 882 feet. The complete record is published in the Twenty-first Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, part 7, pages 402-405. CHAMBERS COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Beneath the surface soil in Chambers County there is a bed of sand which extends to a depth of 30 feet or more. In its lower part this sand contains an abundance of excellent water which is the source of supply for all shallow wells in the region. Artesian wells. — -There are 17 artesian wells in Chambers County and their approximate location is indicated in PI. II. At many places artesian water has been obtained 7 but it is salty in many cases, espe- cially in wells near the bay. CHAMBEKS AND JEFFEKSON COUNTIES. 31 Artesian ivells in Chambers County. Owner. E. W. Barber Mat Fisher J. C. Fisher (estimate) a . Dr. N. Schilling Do.... Barney Donelly Amos Lawrence C. R. Cummings Co Do John Cook W. D. Wilcox J. T. White a D. L. Broussard Sol. Brown Hugh Jackson James Jackson Davidson Depth. Feet. 800 550 500 700 700 375 500 400 400 380 850 1,720 850 1.000 600 Flow per minute. Gallons. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. Flows. 35 Flows. 100 100 100 100 100 Location. Mount Belvieu. Mount Belvieu, 10 miles south. Cedar Bayou. Do. Do. Mount Belvieu, 3 miles south. Mount Belvieu, 5 miles south. Anahuac, 4 miles north. Do. Wallisville. Anahuac, Turtle Bayou. Double Bayou. Do. Double Bayou, 15 miles southeast. Double Bayou, 15 miles northeast. Near Stowell. a Water salty. JEFFERSON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The wells of Jefferson County are very shallow, ranging from 6 to 15 feet in depth. Many of those 6 feet deep furnish an abundance of water. Artesian wells. — Information has been obtained of about 31 arte- sian wells in this county, but such wells are not generally successful. Many of them have feeble flows, making it necessary to employ pumps to increase the discharge, while in other cases, where the flows are sufficiently large, the water is more or less salty. A large number of wells have been drilled for oil in the vicinity of Spindletop, south of Beaumont. The following is a list of artesian wells in Jefferson County, with other data concerning them. A record of the Stribling well is also given. Artesian wells in Jefferson County. Owner. W. C. Tyrrell H. De Mondrot Port Arthur McKinney Jefferson Rice Co Jes Garland J. W. Denny H. C. Wheeler (5 wells) . D. N. Cofiol A. J. Snouffer Do C. T. Heisig Do Do Doctor Price H. Aldridge Geo. J. McManis H. Aldridge Geo. J. McManis Do Do Do R. P.Carroll Court-house a, Natatorium b Hotel 6 J. F. Keith c Depth. Flow per minute. Feet. Gallons. 180 Slight. 430 25 450 40 620 Slight. 530 Slight. 450 65 260 Slight. 230 Slight. 306 25 180 25 200 25 230 Slight. 180 No flow. 150 No flow. 190 Slight. 135 Slight. 180 20 135 Slight. 178 20 267 20 * 180 20 653 45 280 25 745 30 796 150 1,065 100 534 10 Location. Hampshire, 1| miles south. Hampshire, 1J miles north. Stowell, 2 miles east. Port Arthur. Sabine Pass. Beaumont. a Diameter, 3 inches. b Diameter, 4J inches. c Diameter, 6 inches. 32 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of Stribling well, Sabine Pass, Jefferson County. Feet. Red clay 0- 16 Red sand 16- 20 Red clay 20- 60 White sand 60- 80 Red clay 80- 140 Coarse sand 140- 170 Blue clay 170- 185 White sand 185- 220 Soft blue clay • 220- 236 Fine white sand 236- 250 Hard blue clay 250- 260 White sand 260- 270 Blue clay 270- 355 White sand 355- 426 Blue clay 426- 442 Interbedded sand and clay 442- 500 White sand 500- 600 White sand with gravel at bottom 600- 636 Blue clay with streaks of sand 636- 740 Sand 740- 764 Sand and coarse gravel, all colors 764- 795 Hard sandstone 795- 796 Blue shale 796- 854 Hard sandstone 854- 855| Blue shale 855 J- 892 Sandstone 892- 893 Fine white sand '. 893- 960 Soft blue clay .' 960-1, 000 Fine white sand 1, 000-1, 260 Blue and white shale. 1, 260-1, 270 Fine white sand 1, 270-1, 360 White and blue clays 1, 360-1, 450 White sand 1, 450-1, 490 Solid white and blue shale 1, 490-1, 500 ORANGE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The deepest of the shallow wells of Orange County- are about 22 feet in depth, and a large supply of water is usually obtained. Artesian wells. — There are a few artesian wells at Orange, varying in depth from 400 to 800 feet. Their flows are moderate, but few exceeding 50 gallons a minute. A partial list of these wells is given below : DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 33 Artesian wells in Orange County. Owner. J. W. Link Do High school Do Electric-light plant Ice plant Sam Wilson W. A. Fletcher Texas and New Orleans Railroad. Do Depth. Feet. 600 467 467 500 650 740 396 435 Flow per minute. Gallons. 15 21 22 10 52 Slight. 60 Diame- ter. Inches. Location. Orange. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Orange, 9 miles northwest. 8 miles from Beaumont. Echo. Echo, 1 mile from Sabine River. ZAPATA COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Shallow wells are difficult to obtain in the northern part of Zapata County. Near the Rio Grande and along the eastern part of the county water can be obtained at moderate depths, but in the lower lands the depths of the wells vary from 100 to 250 feet. Artesian wells. — No information has been received concerning the artesian conditions of this county. DUVAL COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Wells in Duval County can be obtained at depths varying from 50 to 300 feet. Artesian wells. — No artesian wells have been reported from Duval County. Artesian water is found, however, in the southern part of Nueces County, in the northeastern part of Starr County and at Bruniville, on the Texas and Mexican Railroad, in the eastern part of Webb County. The northern part of Duval County lies between two artesian districts'; that at Kingsville, Nueces County, and that at Artesia, Lasalle County. Artesian water is also obtained in the region about 30 miles north of the northern boundary of Duval County. LIVE OAK COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Shallow-well water is obtained in the southern and eastern parts of Live Oak County, at depths of 100 to 120 feet; in the western part at about 200 feet, and in the northern part at 300 feet. 34 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells. — Artesian water is found in the northern part of this- county. The following table gives a list of the artesian wells: Artesian wells in Live Oak County. Owner. Depth. Flow. Location. Geo. W. West Feet. 155 226 375 450 150 Slight . . Slight . . Small... (a) Flows . . Do Thos. R. T. North. .. . C. T. Tom Mrs. B. McGloin Oakville, 18 miles north- west. Near Mikeska. a Water at 6 feet below surface. BEE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In the northern and southern parts of Bee County wells have an average depth of about 40 feet, in the eastern part about 70 feet, and in the western part about 100 feet. Artesian wells. — No information has been obtained regarding the artesian condition of this county. There are at present no artesian wells in Bee County. GOLIAD COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Goliad County water is found in shallow wells at depths varying from 50 to 125 feet. Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in this county. On the ranch of T. M. O'Connor, 6 miles south and 20 miles east of Goliad, on 'the head of Little Carco Creek, a boring was made to a depth of 1,446 feet, but no artesian water was obtained. KARNES COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Karnes County a good supply of water is obtained from shallow- wells having the following average depths: In the north- ern part, 60 feet ; in the eastern part, 80 feet ; in the southern part, 90 feet; in the western part, 120 feet. Artesian wells. — There are at present no artesian wells in Karnes County. At Karnes City a test well was sunk to a depth of 1,800 feet, but no artesian water was found. It is possible that more extensive prospecting in other parts of the county may result in the discovery of flows at shallower depths. DEWITT COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Throughout Dewitt County shallow wells are obtained at an average depth of about 55 feet. The principal water supply appears to lie in sheets, so that the depths of the wells vary according to the elevation of the surface. DEWITT AND GONZALES COUNTIES. 35 Artesian wells. — The only artesian water thus far obtained in Dewitt County is at Yorktown and Yoakum. At Yorktown there were formerly 8 or 10 small artesian wells, flowing 5 gallons a minute and varying in depth from 50 to 60 feet, but at present only two of these flow, the others having been allowed to cave in or to become choked with sand at the bottom. The two wells which continue to .flow are in the bed of Yorktown Creek. Many of the wells in the town show a strong artesian tendency, the water rising within 10 feet of the surface. At Yoakum several deep wells have been drilled and in nearly every case the water rises within a few feet of the surface, but no wells are recorded in which flows were obtained. In the deep- est well, 1,300 feet deep, the water is soft, relatively pure, and admira- bly suited for general domestic uses. It is noncorrosive and well adapted to boiler purposes. According to some analyses it contains only 42 grains of solid matter per gallon and no organic matter. Record of H. G. Brown's artesian well, 7\ miles southwest of Cuero, Dewitt County. v Feet. Red and yellow clay, with cobblestone - 60 Hard rock, fine grained '. 60 - 120 Water-bearing sand 120 - 121 Gravel and clay, hardpan 121 - 181 Very hard gritty rock 181 - 202 Sandstone 202 - 365 Yellow clay and hard rock 365 - 490 Sand, water bearing 490 - 690£ Stratified rock 690$- 710 Red, white, and blue clay 710 - 805 "Talc, " with an occasional layer of red and blue clay 805 -1, 050 Pale-blue "talc;" strong indications of .vater 1,050 -1,100 Clear glassy rock, soluble in acid; slacks if exposed tc the air. . 1, 100 -1, 130 GONZALES COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Gonzales County show consid- erable variation in depth, ranging from 20 to 80 feet. Artesian wells. — In the western part of Gonzales County the arte- sian water resources have been extensively developed. There are 125 artesian wells in the vicinity of Leesville, Rancho, and Wrightsboro. They vary considerably in depth, ranging from 100 to 700 feet, and their maximum flow is 100 gallons a minute. The average flow, how- ever, is much less than this, as shown in the following table, which contains a partial list of these wells, with their depth, flow, and approxi- mate location. 36 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells in Gonzales County. Post-office and owner. Wrightsboro: J. G. Barnett R. R. Hinton W. T. Mahon Do W. B. Houston Do H. G. Barnett J. D. Tankersley .. . Dewet: J. D. Tankersley... W. L. Caraway Do 1 J. R. Readings John Worthy F. M. Caraway John Caraway M. V. Caraway Albert Tankersley . E. O. Perkins....'.. Leesville: Jay Mahan « Do W. F. McGlasson*. C. C. Littlefield Do Do Do Do Do John Bratton Do Jno. Glazier F. C. Baker W. M. Carr Gus Scofje Otto McNemar J. A. Williams K. J. Hawkins J. E. Martin Davenport J.B.Wells Do Do Do.c "Do.d Do. e Do./ Do Do,<2 Do Do.e Do S. A. Brown W.H. Brown Do Do F. M. Caraway J. G. McGuffln S. A. Hubbard Doctor Littlefield. . Do Do J. P. Watkins I. A. Pruett Dr. J. M. Fly Do A. B. Holmes Geo. Brown Geo. Williams J. C. West J. M. Caraway Sol. Gordon W. H. Brown Gus Varner Rancho: H. Wicke Do W. M. Mangum Do Distance and direction from post-office. 2 miles southwest . . 1J miles northwest. 2 miles west 2J miies northwest. 3 miles southwest . . do I mile west ....... 1 J miles northeast . I I miles northeast . 1 mile southwest . . J mile northeast. .. J mile south 3 miles southeast do do 1| miles south 2 miles northwest 3 miles west-northwest . . 2 miles west 1\ miles northwest 2 miles west £ mile southwest 1 mile south J mile southwest 1 mile northeast 1J miles north 2\ miles north 2 miles north 2\ miles north 2 miles north-northeast. 1 mile southwest 4 miles west-northwest . . 1 J miles north 3 miles northwest 3+ miles northwest 2 miles northwest 2£ miles northwest 2| miles northwest li- miles northwest 2 J miles north 3| miles north 3J miles north 3 "miles north-northwest. do 200 yards north 400 yards east 300 yards east 600 yards north 50 yards west 250 yards southwest 150 yards southwest 75 yards south 50 yards west 750 yards south 500 yards southwest 200 yards east 100 yards northeast 135 yards northeast 400 yards west 500 yards north 350 yards west 300 yards northeast 200 yards northeast 5 miles southwest 6 miles southwest 6 miles west \ mile northeast . 1 mile northeast. \ mile east 2 miles north Feet. 640 420 363 400± 316 408 3 miles northwest 347 | mile northeast 269 1 mile northeast . 100 yards south. J mile southeast . 290± 313 200± 311 528 500± 260± 300± 268± 231 222 527 176 600± 360-fc 350± 212 284 216 470± 250± 448 500± 439 400± 435 480± 400± 290± 250± 185 200± 180 200± 200± 200 200 250 350 350 200 350 441 504 643 450 460 143 160 166 160 490 160± 250± 170± 170± 488 450± 200± 450 170 420 450 350 180 297 500 300 Flow per minute. Gallons. 40 10 25 10 36 20+ a First water at 135 feet: second at 222. 6 Four wells with 4-inch pipe casing, c Casing, 3-inch pipe. <* First water. « Casing, 6-inch pipe. / Casing, 4-inch pipe. GONZALES COUNTY. 37 Artesian wells in Gonzales County — Continued. Post-office and owner. Distance and direction from post-office. Depth. Flow per minute. Rancho — Continued. W. M. Mangum . James Pace Doctor Green Do Do Do W. T. Davis W.J. New I. W. Littleton.. J. R. Murray Paul Murray Mrs. Murray S. W. Magee W.A.Williams.. G. P. McDonald.. J. T. Nixon George McPeters. J. H. Patterson.. Mrs. C. E. Hall.. D. C. Hall Do Miller & Sayers. . W. H. Magee F. Weinert J. D. Houston. . . J. L.Weber...... Geo. Parks Do Frank Clark W.B.Clark S. W. Fanning... M. G. Fanning... Jeff Patterson . . . Do. a. 1 mile east-northeast 3 miles east 1\ miles northeast do 3 miles northeast \ mile northeast 250 yards 200 yards east 1 mile northwest 400 yards north 1 mile north 500 yards southeast 100 yards south \\ miles north \\ miles north-northwest. 1 mile southwest | mile northwest 1 mile east \ mile northeast 600 yards northeast 2J miles northeast 100 yards east 4J miles east-northeast . . . 5 "miles southwest 3| miles south 4 miles southeast 3 miles southeast 4 miles southeast 14 miles east 1| miles east 2J miles east-northeast . . . 3 miles east-northeast 3} miles east Feet. 185 360 420 175 400 325 509 450 140 130 180 230 475 300 M> 400 117 270 300 350 450 385 430 406 420 537 531 505 400 300 260 225 337 450 700 Gallons. 30 5 20 10 12 15 10 6 10 4 10 5 15 5 5 6 7 10 1 25 10 20 15 10 15 3 40 30 7 5 15 13 6 25 10 a This well has two casings, one inside the other. The outer is 450 feet deep and furnishes salt water (25 gallons) and gas. The inner is 700 feet deep and furnishes good water. The following is the record of a representative artesian well, situ- ated on the Gentry ranch, on Sandy Fork of Peach Creek, 12 miles northeast of Gonzales. Record of Charles Gentry's artesian well, Gonzales County. Feet. Clay and flint bowlders - 45§ Rock 45§- 46 Blue sand and clay 46 - 68 Blue clay, very little sand 68 -157 Hard sandstone, fine grained (10 inches of water sand at this depth; trace of oil ; lignite plentiful) 157 -195 Sand, water and oil bearing 195 -195| White quartz 195|-196J Sandstone, nard, fine grained (trace of oil) 196^-218 Blue clay 218 -220 Sandstone (trace of oil) 220 -222 Black clay, containing decayed wood 222 -228 Sandstone (trace of oil) 228 -263 Blue marl 263 -285 Quartz 285 -286 Blue marl, spongy 286 -304 Shale with soft strata 304 -321 Hard blue sandstone 321 -339 3S UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Feet. Hard cement rock 339-378 Clay, sand, and shell 378-380 Rock 380-381 Clay, sand, and shell 381-383 Hard rock 383-384 Clay and sand (trace of oil) 384-405 Dark blue clay and sandstone 405-406 Clay and sand 406-410 Clay and shell 410-463 Clay, little shell; thin hard rock at intervals 463-501 Shells and clay '.. 501-579 Clay and shell (water bearing) 579-708 Hard rock 708-709 LAVACA COUNTY. Shallow wells. — An abundance of water is obtained in Lavaca. County from wells which vary in depth from 30 to 40 feet. Artesian wells. — A number of good artesian wells have been obtained in Hallettsville and the surrounding country. In the wells at Hal- lettsville two flows have been found, one at 300 feet and the other at 560 feet below the surface. The oil-mill well encountered the first flow at 320 feet, which furnished a supply of 45 gallons per minute, while the second flow at a depth of 560 feet furnished 88 gallons a minute. At Shiner a flowing well was obtained at a depth of 90 feet, which yielded 79 gallons a minute. The well was located on low ground and the water rose 6 feet above the surface. Several attempts to obtain water from this horizon on higher ground, in the vicinity of Shiner, have been unsuccessful, one boring being continued to a depth of 700 feet without striking a flow. The following is a list of the artesian wells in this county: Artesian wells in Lavaca County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Loeation. City Feet. 600 560 325 980 560 340 768 340 90 700 1,500 Gallons. 30 89 45 140 30 30 Inches. 4 4 4 4 4 Do..." Do. Do... Do. Do Do. Oil mill Do. 4 4 4 C. Pagelest 30 25 Failure. ..do... Hallettsville, 4 miles north. Do. east. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 39 PAYETTE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water in sufficient quantity for general domestic purposes is found in the northern and western parts of Fayette County at average depths of 60 feet, in the southern part at depths of 75 to 100 feet, and in the eastern part at depths of 40 to 75 feet. Artesian wells. — There are 20 artesian wells in this county, including a few deep ones; the area in which the greatest number has been drilled lies north of Engle. The average depth of these wells varies from 200 to 300 feet and the maximum flow is 100 gallons a minute. The following is a list of the wells, including their depth, flow, and other data: Artesian wells in Fayette County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Feet. Gallons. Inches. 196 25 3 216 15 3 220 50 3 210 10 3 210 18 3 185 16 3 165 10 3 200 10 2 260 a 40 6 258 a 87 6 267 a 43 5 300 a 79 3 2?5 a 54 3 300 » 79 3 762 w 10 Location. John Sima Mrs. Vy vjala Do J. A. Drozd J. Kalich M. Schwenke J. Sulak J. Ladewig Compress Co C. Baumgartner W. A. McKinsen H. P. Schaeffer G. Hoefiers C. Blaschke Southern Pacific R. R Praha. Do. Do. Do. Engle, 2 miles northwest. Do. Do. Do. Schulenburg. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. "■ No flow; water rises to number of feet stated below surface of ground. b Well caved in. COLOKADO COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Shallow wells in Colorado County are about 40 feet deep in the northern and western parts, 35 feet in the southern part, and 30 feet in the eastern part. East of Eagle Lake there are a num- ber of wells 30 to 35 feet deep, which furnish a large supply of good water. Two wells supply water for 100 acres of rice, each acre of which requires 9 gallons a minute, and it is generally believed that a good rice well can be obtained at moderate depths in this county at any point east of Eagle Lake. 40 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN". Artesian wells. — So far as known the only artesian well in Colorado County is located on the west bank of Colorado River at Columbus. This well was bored by the city for water supply, and it has main- tained a steady but small flow for years. The water contains a small amount of gas. The record of this well is given below: Record of artesian well at Columbus, Colorado County. Feet. Sand and gravel 0- 29 Soft rock : 29-37 Fine gravel 37- 41 Blue gravel '. 41- 54 Yellow clay 54-99 Hard rock 99-101 Yellow clay 101-104 Conglomerate rock 104-110 Yellow ciay 110-190 White sand, water bearing 190-198 Yellow clay 198-210 Hard bowlders 210-212 Yellow clay 212-214 Red sandstone '. 214-220 Yellow clay 220-221 Soft rock 221-223 Yellow clay 223-226 Concrete rock 226-233 Light-red clay 233-280 Bowlder bed '. 280-281 Yellow clay 281-283 Bowlder rock 283-285 Yellow clay 285-289 Yellow sandstone 289-290 Yellow clay 290-302 Hard sandstone 302-304 White clay 304-309 Red sandstone 309-311 Light-yellow clay 311-319 Yellow sandstone 319-321 Yellow clay 321-412 Slate and clay 412-454 Red, white, and blue clay 454-583 Blue sand; flowing water, 8 gallons a minute 583-600 Hard blue clay ". 600-620 Fine blue sand; flowing gas 620-633 Shells and old logs 633-637 Blue clay 637-658 White pottery clay 658-675 Fine white sand; flowing water 675-683 Red and blue clay 683-730 Hard rock 730-739 Hard blue clay 739-793 Fine blue sand, hard 793-807 Fine rock (bored into 19 feet). DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 41 AUSTIN COUNTY. Shallow wells. — A good supply of water is obtained from shallow wells in the western part of Austin County at an average depth of 30 feet; in the southern part at 40 feet, in the eastern part at 60 feet, and in the northern part at about 50 feet. Artesian wells. — No artesian wells have been reported from this county, although it is probable that they can be obtained along Brazos River. WALLER COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Waller County shallow wells vary in depth from 35 to 50 feet. Artesian wells. — Only a few artesian wells have been drilled in Waller County, the data of some of which are tabulated below. The most successful free-flowing wells are found near Brazos River. Artesian wells in Waller County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diameter. Location. Feet. 1,132 485 850 Gallons. 110 40 15 Inches. 1 1 Hempstead. west. Hempstead, 6 miles south. J. C Ralston 1,700 WASHINGTON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — A good supply of excellent water is obtained in Washington County, at various depths, ranging from 20 to 60 feet. Artesian wells. — Only a few artesian wells have been drilled in this county, a list of which is given below. It is probable that artesian water can be found in the eastern part of the county, in the Brazos bottom lands, but owing to the excellent supply of water from non- flowing wells few attempts have been made to develop artesian water. A few years ago Heber Stone had a well drilled in Brenham to a depth of 1,500 feet, but no flowing water was obtained. The water rose in the well within 40 feet of the surface, and it is believed that wells penetrating the same water horizon in the Brazos bottom lands would yield flows. The city of Brenham derives its water supply from wells between 300 and 400 feet deep. The following is a list of the artesian wells in this county. Artesian wells in Washington County. Owner. Depth. Flow. Diameter. Location. Feet. 640 340 700 500 560 Inches. Robert Moore Flows... Flows.. . 2 2 Old Washington. Do Chapel Hill, 6 miles north- east. Chapel Hill, near. 42 UNDEKGROUJSTD WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. GRIMES COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water from shallow wells is obtained in the eastern part of Grimes County at a depth of 30 feet; in the southern part, at 35 feet; in the western part, along the Navasota, at 30 feet, and in the northern part at depths of 50 to 60 feet. Artesian wells. — Good artesian water is obtained in and around Navasota and between Navasota and Brazos River. The following- table shows the artesian wells of Grimes County: Artesian wells in Grimes County. Owner. R. A. Sangster A. J. Sangster Ice factory Mrs. Lewis Wilson. August Horst City waterworks. . . Shumaker J. M. McCord Do Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Feet. 300 225 250 224 1,000 97 101 850 900 Gallons. 60 +15 +20 Inches. 2 6 Strong. Medium. 4 4 Location. Navasota. Navasota, .J mile south. Navasota. Do. Do. Do. Courtney, I mile southeast. Courtney, f mile east. Record of Navasota ivell, Grimes County. Feet. Soil 0- 2 Clay 2-18 Sand 18-29 Blue clay 29- 94 Slate 94-114 Blue clay 114-216 Rock 216-220 Water sand 220-237 Blue shale 237-277 Rock 277-280 Analysis of water from deep well at Navasota, Grimes County. a Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 140.0 Magnesium (Mg) 8.8 Calcium (Ca) 43.0 Chlorine (CI) 79.0 Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 41. Parts per million. Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 168.0 Sulphates of iron and aluminum 15. Organic matter 38. 532.8 a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 43 .LIBERTY COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water from shallow wells is secured throughout Liberty County at depths of 15 to 25 feet. Artesian wells. — The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad has deep wells at Trinity River and Cleveland. Records of these wells and analyses of their waters are given below. The following table con- tains a list of flowing artesian wells drilled in Liberty County : Floiving artesian wells in Liberty County. Owner. Depth. Diame- ter. Distance and direction from Liberty. J. T. Russell Do Feet. 290 300 800 150 240 245 576 Inches. i mile south . Southern Pacific R. R Fisher 1 mile west. Do Do. Texas and New Orleans R. R 6 Record of deep well at Trinity River, Liberty County. Feet. 0- Red clay Sand : 8- 38 Clay 38-60 Rock and clay . . . : 60-104 Quicksand 104-117 Rock 117-119 Clay 119-121 Rock 121-133 Clay 133-145 Rock 145-151 Coarse sand 151-163 Soapstone 163-194 Rock 194-196 Sand 196-203 Rock 203-210 Clay 210-220 Rock 220-240 Water sand 240-290 Clay 290-300 Analysis of water from deep well at Trinity River, Liberty County. a Parts per millior. Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 7.0 Silica (Si0 2 ) 14. Organic matter 50.0 Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 19. Magnesium (Mg) 4.4 Calcium (Ca) 38. Chlorine (CI) 16. Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 20. Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 137. a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 305.4 44 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of deep well at Cleveland, Liberty County. Feet. Soil 0- 4 Yellow clay 4- 24 Yellow sand 24-100 Clay 100-108 Sand 108-131 Rock : 131-132 Clay and coarse sand 132-140 White sand rock 140-142 Yellow clay 142-160 White sand rock. . ... : 160-161 Yellow sand 161-165 White sand rock 165-166 Yellow clay 166-236 Sand 236-246 Clay 246-288 Open water sand 288-367 Rock 367-368 Analysis of water from deep well at Cleveland, Liberty County. a [Analyst, W. A. Powers.] Parts per million. Silica(Si0 2 ) 27 Calcium (Ca) 43 Magnesium (Mg) 30 Sodium (Na) 42 Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) . . . — 74 Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 113 Parts pei million Chlorine (CI) 9.1 Organic matter 32 Total solids 340 Free carbonic acid (C0 2 ) 17 Carbonic acid combined as HC0 3 . . 63 MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Shallow wells in Montgomery County vary in depth from 30 to 50 feet. Artesian wells. — The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad has a deep well at Bobbin and an artesian well at Conroe. Records of these wells and analyses of their waters are given below. Record of well at Bobbin, Montgomery County. Feet. Soil 0- 2 Clay r 2- 12 Sand 12-28 Clay 28-78 Quicksand 78- 90 Sandstone 90-101 Clay 101-114 Water sand 114-134 Clay 134-234 Sand 234-264 Rock 264-309 Clay 309-343 a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geoi. Survey. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 45 Feet. Rock 343-347 Slate 347-383 Rock 383-390 Slate : '. 390-454 Rock 454-457 Slate 457-480 Analysis of water from deep well at Bobbin, Montgomery County. a Part? per million. Sodium (Na) 90 Magnesium (Mg) 14 Calcium (Ca) 110 Chlorine (CI) 167 Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 11 Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 358 Parts per million. Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 65 Silica (Si0 2 ) 27 Sulphates of iron and aluminum . 27 Organic matter 70 939 Record of ivell at Conroe, Montgomery County. Red clay Rock Red clay Sand Red clay Hard yellow clay. Joint clay Water sand Soft clay Hard clay Rock Hard clay Rock Dry sand bed Clay Rock Clay Rock Blue clay Light clay Soft clay Rock Water sand Blue clay Water sand Clay Soapstone Red clay Soapstone Clay Rock Clay Feet. 0- 12 12- 13 13- 69 69- 89 89- 133 133- 153 153- 182 182- 193 193- 248 248- 265 265- 267 267- 280 280- 285 285- 297 297- 340 340- 343 343- 363 363- 365 365- 489 489- 500 500- 575 575- 577 577- 642 642- 680 680- 740 740- 790 790- 831 831- 888 888- 924 924- 976 976- 978 978-1, 003 a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. irr 190—07 4 46 TJ1NDEKG ROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Feet. Rock : 1. 003-1, 004 Sand. 1, 004-1, 008 Red clay 1, 008-1, 033 Soapstone .1, 033-1, 073 Rock 1, 073-1, 075 Sand 1, 075-1, 125 Soapstone 1, 125-1, 169 Rock 1, 169-1, 170 Clay 1, 170-1, 190 Rock 1, 190-1, 192 Clay 1, 192-1, 212 Sand 1, 212-1, 234 Rock 1, 234-1, 236 Analysis of water from deep well at Conroe, Montgomery County. a Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 41 Magnesium (Mg) 16 Calcium (Ca) : . . . 73 Chlorine (CI) 48 Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 170 Parts per million. Silica(Si0 2 ) 21 Organic matter 38 407 WALKER COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is procured from shallow wells in Walker County at depths varying from 35 to 45 feet. Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in Walker county, but it is believed that they could be obtained throughout its area. The numerous flowing streams in the county and the shallow depths at which nonflowing wells may be obtained have decreased the demand for artesian water. SAN JACINTO COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In San Jacinto County shallow wells vary in depth from 35 to 60 feet. Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in this county. At Oakhurst, 7 miles east of Dodge, a well was drilled to a depth of 1,052 feet, penetrating hard rock the greater part of the distance, but no flowing water was obtained. It is generally believed that the pros- pects for artesian water in this region are very poor. POLK COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The average depth of shallow wells in Polk County is 30 feet. Artesian wells. — There is little demand for artesian water in Polk County, owing to the numerous small flowing streams and the shallow depths at which nonflowing wells may be x obtained. a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 47 HARDIN COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Hardin County vary in depth from 15 to 30 feet. The county is well drained by the small flowing streams that empty into Neches River or Pine Island Bayou. Artesian wells. — In this county there is little need for artesian water and consequently no artesian wells have been drilled. Deep wells are owned by the Santa Fe Railroad at Silsbee, Dies (Kountze post-office), and Votaw. Records of these wells and analyses of their waters are given below. Record of well at Silsbee, Hardin County. Feet. Clay and sand 0- 88 Sand 88-288 Blue sand 288-374 Yellow clay '. 374-392 Water sand 392-466 Clay 466-468 Analysis of water from deep well at Silsbee, Hardin County. a Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 24. Magnesium (Mg) 5.9 Calcium (Ca) 36. Chlorine (CI) 26.0 Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 15. Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 136. Parts per million. Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 9.5 Silica (Si0 2 ) 19. Organic matter. . . 44. 315.4 Record of deep well at Dies, Hardin County. a Feet. Soil 0- 3 Clay 3-18 Dry sand 18- 66 Dark clay 66-75 Water sand 75-268 Analysis of water from deep well at Dies, Hardin County. a Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 33.0 Calcium (Ca) 59. Chlorine (CI) 62. Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 2.2 Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 79. Parts per million. Silica (Si0 2 ) 45.0 Sulphates of iron and aluminum. . . 7.2 Organic matter 37. 324.4 a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 48 UNDERGKOUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of well at Votaw, Hardin County. Feet. Clay 0-18 Sand 18-168 Coarse sand 168-203 Fine sand 203-226 Coarse sand 226-260 Clay 260-265 Open water sand 265-320 Clay 320-354 Rock 354-355 Analysis of water from deep well at Votaw, Hardin County. a Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 2.7 Calcium (Ca) 13. Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 5.8 Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 19. Silica (Si0 2 ) 22. Parts per million. Sulphates of iron and aluminum. . 10. Organic matter 39. 111.5 TYLER COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In the southern part of Tyler County the wells are about 20 feet deep, in the eastern part about 25 feet, in the northern part about 80 feet, and in the western part about 65 feet. Artesian wells.— No attempts to obtain artesian water have been made in this county, but an oil well was drilled near Woodville to a depth of 933 feet without finding artesian water. JASPER COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Shallow wells in Jasper County vary in depth from 20 to 50 feet. Artesian wells. — So far only three artesian wells have been reported from this county, and these are all located on the ranch of Wiess & Sanders, near Wiess Bluff, in the southern part of the county. Various data concerning these wells are given below. There is a deep well at Kirbyville, a record of which follows, also an analysis of its water. Artesian wells in Jasper County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Location. Feet. 1,062 1,054 1,070 Gallons. Do 45 60 east. Do 24 miles north 7° east. a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geological Survey. JASPEE COUNTY. 49 Record of Wiess & Sanders artesian well No. 1 , Jasper County. a Feet. Fine sandy loani 0- 2 Red clay 2- 25 White sand " 25- 75 Yellow clay 75-. 96 Fine blue sand '. 96- 129 Yellow clay 129- 156 White sand 156- 173 Yellow clay 173- 225 Fine blue sand 225- 252 Hard yellow clay 252- 386 White sand 386- 476 Blue clay 476- 547 Blue sand : 547- 569 Hard blue clay 569- 579 Coarse white sand 579- 628 Blue clay 628- 646 Fine blue clay 646- 676 Hard blue clay 676- 695 Coarse white sand 695- 750 Hard blue clay , . . 750- 759 Soft blue clay 759- 784 White sand 784- 794 Hard blue clay 794- 814 Fragmentary sand • 814- 818 Hard blue clay 818- 900 Rotten sandstone 900- 906 Blue clay 906- 913 White sand 913- 935 Hard blue clay 935-1, 002 Coarse white sand 1, 002-1, 021 Fine gravel 1, 021-1, 038 Coarse gravel 1, 038-1, 052 White sand 1, 052-1, 086 Blue clay 1, 086-1, 104 White sand 1, 104-1, 202 Record of Wiess & Sanders artesian well No. 2, Jasper County. Feet. Fine sandy loam 0- 2 Yellow clay 2- 6 Yellow sand 6- 18 Gray clay 18- 27 White sand 27- 50 Yellow clay 50- 83 Fine blue sand 83- 117 Blue clay 117- 152 White sand 152- 173 Blue clay 173- 234 Fine blue sand '. 234- 264 Blue clay 264- 295 Fine blue sand •. . . . 295- 356 Gray clay 356- 426 a Capacity of this well is 165 gallons a minute, or 237,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. 50 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Feet. White sand 426- 520 Blue clay 520- 583 Fine blue sand 583- 620 Blue hard clay ' 620- 631 Coarse white sand 631- 684 Blue clay .'.... 684- 697 Fine blue sand 697- 718 Soft stone 718- 756 Hard blue clay 756- 768 Coarse white sand, loses water rapidly 768- 799 Hard blue clay . . . r 799- 853 Unable to tell the strata, drills like oil strata 853- 868 Hard blue clay 868- 936 Fine blue clay 936- 949 Hard blue clay 949- 990 White sand : 990-1, 012 Blue and green clay 1, 012-1, 039 Hard blue clay. Record of deep well at Kirbyville, Jasper County. Feet. Yellow clay 0-17 Yellow sand '. 17- 34 Coarse white sand 34- 54 Sand and gravel 54- 82 Water sand 82-212 Blue clay . *. - 212-227 Analysis of water from deep well at Kirbyville, Jasper County. a Parts per million. Magnesium (Mg) 9.2 Chlorine (CI) 2.5 Carbonate radicle (CO s ) 21.0 Sulphates of iron and aluminum 15. 47.7 NEWTON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The average depth of wells in Newton County is 35 feet, the deepest one being in the northern part. Artesian wells. — The only artesian well in this county is located near Call and is owned by the Kirby Lumber Company. This well is 796 feet deep, 4 inches in diameter, and has a flow of 38 gallons a minute. Several oil wells have been drilled near this place, but no artesian flows have been obtained. WEBB COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Webb County vary consider- ably in depth. In the western part they have an average depth of 60 feet; in the northern part, 425 feet; and in the eastern part, 375 feet. It is very difficult to obtain water in the southern part of the county. a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geoiogical Survey. MAVERICK AND DIMMIT COUNTIES. 51 Artesian wells. — At Bruniville, a station on the Texas Mexican Railway, four artesian wells were drilled for A. M. Bruni. They are each 325 feet deep and flow only about 3 gallons a minute. They are located on 1 acre of land, just south of Bruniville, within 100 feet of the railroad track. MAVERICK COUNTY. Shallow wells. — It is difficult to find water in Maverick County. In the northern part one well was drilled to a depth of 918 feet without getting water, while wells in other localities 500 feet deep yielded salty water. Artesian wells. — So far as can be ascertained there are no artesian wells in Maverick County. DIMMIT COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In the Nueces Valley good wells are obtained at moderate depths, but on the higher lands they vary from 100 to 150 feet in depth. Artesian wells. — There are over 60 artesian wells in Dimmit County, ranging in depth from 300 to 700 feet. The water is used for both stock and irrigation purposes. The following is a list of the artesian wells of this county, with depth, flow, and other data concerning them: Artesian wells in Dimmit County. Owner. F. M. Shaw Do :. Do Do J.J.Webb Thos. Paterson Do A. Eardley Do Do W. A. Manee Do J. L. Hudson M. J. Dermann (5 wells) Do J. C. Owen Burton Do W. L. Kendall Do J. K. Rector M. L. Oppenheimer :. George & Wilkerson F. Moehrig (3 wells) W. B. Rector Couran & Jeffrey Craig Hugh Knight Chas . Pollard A. Richardson (8 wells) Ed. Schimmelphening & Bro. (2 wells) McCaleb & McDaniel (3 wells) Shipp (2 wells) T. A. Coleman (2 wells) G. White Tom Riggs T. A Coleman F. J. Arnold Wm George Bob Lemons (2 wells) Depth. Feet. 500 600 650 ? 590-690 600 600 500 350 400 350 315 375 350 350 600 350 600 350-600 382 350 325 600 600 600-650 600 400 325, 418 300 350 350 350 500 350 350, 700 Flow. Gallons. 150 150 Weak. Weak. 150 200 200 1,400 1,400 1,400 100 No flow. 150 125 150 150 125 125 150 Weak. 200 125 100 a 150 200 100 50 350 350 100-600 150, 200 125-150 100 50,75 125 125 125 150 20 No flow. Diame- ter. Inches. 3| 3| 3| 3| 4 10 10 10 6i 6| 6 4 Si 3 , 6J 5« 5| 5| 51 5| 8 °s 4£ 8 10 4-12 Distance and direction from Carrizo Springs. 2| miles north. Do. 5 miles northwest. 5 miles east. Do. 4 miles east. Do. 5| miles east. Do. Do. 4 miles east. Do. 2 miles northeast. 3 miles north. Do. 2h miles north. 2 miles north. Do. 3 miles north. Do. 5 miles east. 1 mile northeast. 1 mile north. 2h miles north. " Do. Do. J mile east. 5 miles southeast. Do. 6-10 miles southeast. 6 miles southeast. 5 miles southeast. 4i miles southeast. 5 miles south. 10 miles northwest. Do. Do 5 miles southeast. 5£ miles southeast. 6 "miles southwest. a Each. 52 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of Eardley Barosa Creek well, Dimmit County (near Carrizo Springs) . Feet. Light red soil and clay 0- 3 Pale blue clay 3- 9 Sand and yellow clay 9- 34 Yellow clay 34- 64 Pale to dark-blue clay 64- 99 Sandstone, a little salt water, no flow 99-102 Sticky pale-blue clay 102-152 Blue clay containing small seams of coal 152-252 Sand and clay 252-297 Fine-grained sandstone 297-312 Sand and clay 312-332 Blue clay 332-377 Darker blue clay 377-417 Sand and clay 417-462 Fine sand rock. Small flow 462-522 Sandstone; flow gradually increased 522-682 Fine sand and clay 682-720 ZAVAIiLA COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water from shallow wells is obtained in the western part of Zavalla County at an average depth of 50 feet, in the southern part at a depth of 75 feet, and in the eastern and northern parts at a depth of 100 feet. Artesian wells. — Artesian wells have been drilled in the western and southwestern parts of the county along some of the tributaries of Nueces River. The following list of wells and data concerning them were furnished by George C. Hermann, of Batesville. Artesian wells in Zavalla County. Owner. Depth. Flow. Diam- eter. Distance and direction from Batesville. R. R. Ware Ed. English Do Jas. Oden B. H. Erskine N. Y. andT. L. Co Do J. C Turman Ed. English Do James Oden B. H. Erskine Clift C Vancleve Brown & Williams T. A. Coleman (4 wells) A. Boynton Pratt & Hays I. T. Pryor T.Riggs A. Boynton T. A. Colemnn R. R. Ware Feet. 211 450 450 400 250 400 450 450 390 410 500 420 450 310 560 450-460 460 900 1,029 420 460 460 260 Slight. Strong. Strong. Strong. Strong. Strong. Strong. Strong. Strong. Strong. Slight. (o) Flows. Flows. Strong. Strong. Inches. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 31 miles south 56° west. 28J miles south 46° west. 28-§ miles south 46° west. 29 miles south 49° west. 30 miles south 50° west. 25 miles south 58° west. 25 miles south 66° west. 28 miles south 71° west. 28 miles south 47° west. 28 miles south 46° west. 28£ miles south 48° west. 30 miles south 50° west. 27§ miles south 47° west. 28 miles south 53° west. 26 miles south 51° west. 31 miles south 49° west. 29 miles south 46° west. 25 miles south 40° west. 16 miles south 70° west. 28 miles south 45° west. 29 miles south 46° west. 31 miles south 49° west. 32 miles south 56° west. a Water rises within 10 feet of surface. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 53 LASAUUE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Lasalle County the pump wells are considerably deeper than those in adjoining localities. They vary from 150 to 200 feet in depth. Artesian wells. — There are 27 artesian wells in this county. The area of greatest development in well boring is around Artesia, where a number of wells are utilized for irrigation purposes. They vary in depth from 200 to 500 feet and usually furnish a strong flow of good water. At Cotulla the International and Great Northern Railroad has drilled a well 1,008 feet deep, but the water is slightly impregnated with salts of magnesia. In the vicinity of Dull's ranch, in the north- eastern portion of the county, along Frio River, there is a well-devel- oped artesian district. The following is a list of the artesian wells of the county: Artesian wells in Lasalle County. Owner. International and Great Northern R. R. Do J. W. Mclnnis Joe Cotulla A. Armstrong J. M. Ramsey Do Do Do Do J. W. Bucow W. H. McWhorter Kuhn Anderson & Sinclair Do... Crossley C H. DeRyle T. J. Alderman Do Naylor & Jones Do Do Do Do W. C Irwin Uhl & Gaith International and Great Northern R. R Depth. Feel. 900 1,008 486 400 764 550 550 350 350 186 400 450 600 670 670 400 450 180 650 295 366 720 310 300 797 767 Flow per minute. Gallons. Diam- eter. Location. Cotulla. Do. Do. Cotulla, 1J miles north. Cotulla, 8 miles west. Artesia, 2 miles northeast. Do. Do. Artesia, 1 mile northeast. Artesia, J mile northeast. Artesia, 4 miles east. Artesia, 1 mile south. Artesia, 6 miles east. Artesia, 1 mile northwest. Artesia, J mile northeast. Artesia, 1 mile southeast. Artesia, 1§ mile southeast. Artesia, 3 miles northeast. Do. Dull's ranch, 2 miles east. Dull's ranch, 7 miles east. Dull's ranch, 14 miles north- east. Dull's ranch, 3 miles east. Dull's ranch, 7 miles north- east. Dull's ranch, 7 miles north- west. Cotulla, northwest. Encinal. McMUULEN COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The nonflowing wells of McMullen County are gen- erally deep. In the eastern part they have an average depth of 130 feet, in the northern part 250 feet, and in the southern part 350 feet. No information has been received concerning the depth of wells in the western part of the county. 54 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells. — Data have been obtained of seven artesian wells in McMullen County. A list of these wells, with their depth, flow, size, and approximate location is given below : Artesian wells in McMullen County. Owner. County Ortho Askey. . . Do Sam Crowther.. Do Naylor & Jones. Do Depth. Feet. 485 300 147 1,728 1,325 700 512 Flow per minute. Gallons. 5 250 200 15 15 Diame- ter. Inche Location. Public square, Tilden. \ Tilden, 12 miles east. Tilden, 13 miles east. Tilden, 14 miles northeast. Do. Tilden, 20 miles west. Do. FRIO COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is obtained from shallow wells in Frio County at depths of 60 to 125 feet. Artesian wells. — There are flowing wells along San Miguel Creek, also at Derby, and northwest of Derby along Frio River. A typical artesian well of Frio County is shown on PL I, B (p. 1) . Many of the wells along San Miguel Creek are located along the creek bed, on very low ground; most of them are about 400 feet in depth, 8 inches in diameter, and flow about 10 gallons a minute. The general distri- bution of these wells is shown in PI. II (p. 2), and their depth, size, flow, and approximate location are given in the following table: Artesian wells in Frio County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Location. G. F. Hinds Feet. 420 410 400 405 200 115 60 300 Gallons. 25 15 20 50 17 12 7 20 Inches. San Miguel Creek, 1J miles Do from Atascosa County line. Do. Do... F. M. O'Connor 5 4 2 1 4 north of No. 2. San Miguel Creek, 1 mile Do above No. 1. San Miguel Creek, 1 mile Do above No. 4. San Miguel Creek, 2 miles Do above No. 5. San Miguel Creek, 2 miles Do r S. Speed above No. 6. 1 mile south of No. 4. Derby, 4 miles east. Do Do. P. E. Authar 600 800 1,473 6 5 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 2 Do 400 10 10 10 10 2 10 5 12 San Miguel Creek, 4 miles Do above No. 7. San Miguel Creek, 3 miles Do 398 above No. 14. San Miguel Creek, 3 miles Do above No. 15. Do above No. 16. Do west of No. 17. above No. 17. San Miguel Creek, 1 mile be- low No. 6. Miguel, 5 miles west of post- office. 380 648 125 J. W. De Villbis 19 San Miguel Creek, J mile above No. 6. DETAILS EY COUNTIES. 55 ATASCOSA COUNTY. Shallow wells. — A good supply of excellent water is obtained from wells 40 to 60 feet deep throughout the greater part of Atascosa County. Artesian wells. — Artesian water is found in all parts of this county, at depths varying from 200 to 700 feet. The county is well drained by the tributaries of San Miguel Creek, and wells for the most part are located along these tributaries. The approximate location of artesian wells, also their depth, flow, and diameter are given in the following table : Artesian wells in Atascosa County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Distance and direction f.'cr.i Pleasanton. J. B. Williams Feet. 120 520 447 376 620 625 740 400 314 230 500 340 320 510 397 337 227 430 319 300 240 228 208 308 540 915 700 1,011 207 441 139 165 340 202 200 729 700 525 280 378 377 357 368 406 301 497 700 Gallons. 20 10 30 7 32 Inches. Do. . Do. Theo. Oden Do Do. Do Do. 20 5 60 4 40 15 6 Dr. E. L. Sharpe Do Do. 30 50 10 15 2 12 4 8 55 60 Do. Do 3 miles east. J. M. Solis Do Do. 4 3^ Do Do Do C. T. Tom ' 35 4 6 4.5 4.5 4.5 40 35 75 12 2 19 miles southeast. Do Do. J.N. McAda Do D. C McAda Do Do... Mrs. N. R. Wallace . 30 18 Do. Allen & Wilson Do. Do. F. M. Mansfield 4 5 40 100 Do. V. Richter J. A. Walton 2 4 J . S. Thornton Do. BEXAR COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In the southern part of Bexar County water can be procured at depths varying from 30 to 60 feet; near Vanraub, at a depth of 325 feet, and at Leon Springs, at depths of 40 to 200 feet. Artesian wells. — There are nearly 100 artesian wells in Bexar County. Some of them are among the strongest wells in the State. The water 56 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. is of excellent quality and is used largely for irrigation. The following is a list of the artesian wells, giving location and other data: • Artesian wells in Bexar County. West End Town Co Russ Brendle Yantis Waterworks No. 1 Waterworks No. 2-4 Waterworks Nos. 5-8*.. Waterworks Nos. 9-12 c_ Schulz Sanitarium Crystal Ice Co Do Do Do Street railway Do Court-housed State asylum e Col. Terrell « C. Kampman Do Geo. Dulnig / Santa Rosa Hospital . . . Do Schulz Union Meat Co. Menger Hotel . . Koelbeen Dignowitty Kampman Epps Van Dale F. F. Collins Do T. F. Brady Walters Barnes Meerscheidt-Stieren Irrigation Co. g . A. Herff Elmendorf Hofheinz Tommins Acme Irrigation Co J. D. Guinn H. J. Ackerman Watters D. Sullivan J. C. Chaney City brewery Do Lone Star Brewery United States Ice Plant Do D. Meyer Tappans polo ranch J. D. Guinn T. B. Dashiel W. Eisenhauer Urbahn Kampman h St. Louis College Do International and Great Northern R. R.i.. Depth. Feet. 260 250 583 540 630 780 712 657 657 715 850 980 1,140 760 1,900 1,900 650 464 2,215 1,000 1,250 822 1,202 1,160 1,100 465 850 884 835 700 850 1,500 900 950 950 1,200 750 1,500 1,200 610 1,400 1,400 800 1,500 728 728 805 710 ' 710 1,000 635 700 1,200 1,000 720 720 Flow per minute. Gallons. 150 60 400 1,042 a 1,042 a, 4, 166 a 1,740 555 417 417 278 36 156 17 861 Flows. 555 200 20 1,007 104 200 300 170 140 55 200 70 55 1,200 300 400 200 1,200 800 Slight. 377 Slight. No flow. 50 50 50 No flow. 100 2,083 2,083 650 650 650 No flow. Slight. ....do... No flow. Occa- sional. No flow. ....do... Good. Location with respect to San Antonio. ■ West End Lake. In town. 3 miles north. 2.5 miles northwest. | mile below head of river. 1J miles below head of river. Market street. Do. Alamo Plaza. Eighth street. Do. Do. Do. Tenth street. Do. Center of city. 3 miles southeast. 5 miles southeast. 3 miles east. Do. 6 miles southeast. 400 yards northwest court- house. Do. 2\ miles northwest. 1J miles southwest. Southern Pacific round- house. \\ miles west. Velita street. 2\ miles southwest. 2 miles west. | mile southwest. J mile northeast. 21 miles southwest. Do. Do. 3 miles west. 3| miles west. 3 miles west. 5 miles southwest. 21 miles south. 5 "miles southwest. 3 miles northeast. 6 miles east. 2J miles southwest. 3 miles northwest. 2J miles southeast. James street. Do. Jones street. Grayson street. Do. 3 miles west. 5 miles northwest. 5£ miles northeast. 7 miles northeast. 5 miles east. 4 miles east. 3 miles north. 5 miles west. Do. At Davenport. a Each. b Four 12-inch wells. c Four 8-inch wells. d Gas and water at 460 and 620 feet below surface. «Hot sulphur water. /6-inch well yielding hot sulphur water. e Two wells: One 6-inch, with 800-gallon flow; one 10-inch, with 3,000-gallon flow. A Water at 630 feet. i Water rises within 110 feet of surface. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 57 WILSON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Wilson County are from 30 to 150 feet deep. Artesian wells. — There are two principal artesian-well districts in the county — one in the southwestern part, where a group of wells is owned by J. S. Thornton and J. J. Stevens, and one in the vicinity of Stockdale and Sutherland Springs. A list of these wells, including available data, is given below. t Artesian wells in Wilson County. Location. W. W. Beaty.. J. S. Thornton. Do Do J. J. Stevens. . . Do Do Do Do W. A. Coughran. T. B. Coughran. H. M. Aubrey. . . Hobbs. Depth. Flow per minute. Diam- eter. Feet. 565 700 Gallons. 20 15 Inches. 91 "2 840 90 4 460 30 3 365 650 650 1,036 40 50 50 50 960 50 700 480 1,200 400 15 12 34 2| 00 Union, J mile northeast. Floresville, 8 miles south- west. Floresville, 11 miles south, 4 west. Floresville, 8 miles south, 7 west. Floresville, 10 miles west, on Borego Creek. Floresville, 11 miles south- west, on Borego Creek. Floresville, 10J miles norths west, on Borego Creek. Floresville, 13 miles south- west, on Prietas Creek. Floresville, 16 miles south- west, on Lucas Creek. Floresville, 4 miles west. Floresville, 5 miles west. Sutherland Springs, \ mile northeast. Sutherland Springs, 3 miles southeast. GUADALUPE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is obtained in Guadalupe County in the east- ern part at an average depth of 40 feet, in the southern part at 60 feet, in the western part at 70 feet, and in the northern part at 80 feet. Artesian wells. — The only attempt to develop the artesian-water resources of this county was made by Adolph Ziegenhols, on his farm 12 miles north of Seguin, where a flow of strong sulphur water was found at a depth of 800 feet. CALDWELL COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Good wells are obtained throughout the greater part of Caldwell County at depths varying from 18 to 50 feet. Near Lockhart wells are from 18 to 20 feet deep, but on the prairie west of Lockhart they are somewhat deeper. South of Maxwell and east of Martindale it is difficult to get water, and it is generally not obtained at depths less than 100 feet. 58 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Artesian wells. — Only two artesian wells have been reported from this county. T. F. Hudson, near Lockhart, has a 6-inch flowing well 260 feet deep, and V. Leshikar has one 5 miles west of Lockhart which has a depth of 180 feet, a diameter of 8 inches, and a flow of only a few gallons a minute. BASTROP COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Throughout Bastrop County the shallow wells are from 35 to 70 feet deep and generally furnish a good supply of water. Artesian, wells.— Very little prospecting has been done for artesian water in this county. In 1893 a well was drilled to a depth of 1,010 feet near Bastrop by the Bastrop Building and Loan Association without striking water. EEE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Lee County the average shallow well is 40 to 50 feet deep, and a good supply is usually obtained. Artesian wells. — Owing to the ease with which shallow wells may be obtained in this county, few attempts have been made to develop artesian water. The only flowing well in the county is owned by M. G. York, near Leobau. It is a 6-inch well, 800 feet deep, but the exact flow has not been ascertained. ROBERTSON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — A good supply of water is found in Robertson County about 40 feet below the surface. Artesian wells. — There are a large number of flowing wells between Big and Little Brazos rivers, from a point opposite Calvert to the mouth of the Little Brazos, a distance of about 25 miles. Water is obtained throughout this valley at four artesian horizons at depths of 160, 450, 650, and 920 feet. Attempts to get water east of Hearne, on the highland extending from Bremond to Franklin, have resulted in failure. At Hearne there are 23 flowing wells, nearly all of which obtain water from an artesian horizon 700 feet below the surface. The following is a list: ROBERTSON AND MILAM COUNTIES. Artesian wells at Hearne. 59 Owner. Depth. Owner. Depth. Feet. 740 680 720 720 700 + 700 + 700 715 660 1,020 750 700 L. W. Carr Feet. 700 Do C. J. Hostrasses R. C. Allen 690 666 Do 710 Chas. Wood ; 400 720 Do 720 National Oil Co C. L. Glass b 690 Planters' 1 Co Do 700 Stock Yards a Do 710 Do City 720 a One mile northwest of Hearne. 6 Three miles southwest of Hearne. MILAM COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The average depth of shallow wells throughout Milam County is 50 feet. An abundant supply is usually obtained. In the western part of the county considerable difficulty is some- times experienced in getting a successful well. Artesian wells. — The International and Great Northern Railroad drilled a 6-inch well at Thorndale to a depth of 2,000 feet, passing through several beds of lignite coal, without obtaining artesian water. Other similar deep borings have been made for artesian water in the western part of the county without success. The following is a list of deep borings in Milam County: . Deep borings in Milam County. Owner. Depth. Location. W. S. Caruthers Feet. 1,790 1,356 831 700 530 A. E. Brady Maysfield. Baileyville, 34 miles west. T. J. Estes J. A. Peele 60 UNDEEGEOUND WATEES OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. BURXjESON county. Shallow wells. — In Burleson County wells 50 to 75 feet deep fur- nish a good supply of water. Artesian wells. — Flowing wells are obtained in the Brazos bottom lands at depths varying from 355 to 1,250 feet, the average being about 700 feet. A list of these wells, with other data, the record of a 688-foot well at Clay, and analyses of the water from this well and from one of M. Parker's wells are given below: Artesian wells in Burleson County. J. W. Coulter Do Carson & Smith . . Do T. R. Batteo J. O. Chance Do. & Do.c Do Do Fountain Bros... Do Do Do A. L. Ewing J. B. Rosprim G. G. Foster Do Adline Jones Jas. Butler Do Do Mit. Parker Do Do Do Do Bo.d Do T. M. Ewing e Robt. Dennis R. A. Rogers Frank Aldridge/. Joe Collier T. F. Hudson V. Leshikar J. D. Rogers g D th Flow per Diame Feet. 750 355 750 850 900 1,009 650 700 550 1,250 900 900 900 740 910 900 900 850 840 900 850 630 585 535 630 835 750 760 511 400 420 760 800 260 180 703 Gallons. 10 Small. 5 Strong. 50 V 3 7 20 1 2 5 20 25 20 25 25 20 12 12 15 15 35 30 15 2 7 2-J 2 5 160 Small. 45 Inches. 1J 1 1 1 11 2 1-2 3 1 2 2 1 11 li 2 2 2 1J 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 6 Location. Clay, 6 miles northeast. Clay., 7i miles northeast. Clay, 8 miles northeast. Do. Whittaker, 3J miles southeast. Whittaker, lh miles northeast. Whittaker. Whittaker, 3J miles northwest. Whittaker, il miles northwest. Whittaker. Whittaker, 1| miles northwest. Do. Do. Myers, 1 mile southeast. Myers, 1 mile south. Myers. Myers, 400 yards west. Myers, 800 yards west. Myers, 2 miles southwest. Myers, 3 miles northwest. Myers, 3 miles north. Grant, § mile south. Cooks Point, 3 miles east. Do. Pittbridge. Pittbridge, 1 mile west. Pittbridge, 4 miles south. Tunis, li -miles east. Tunis, 3 miles southeast. Pittbridge, 1J miles east. Pittbridge, 1J miles northeast. Stone City, 300 yards south. Rita, 7i miles south. Rita, 2 miles east. Caldwell, J mile northeast. Caldwell, 5 miles southwest. Somerville, 7 miles southeast. a Temperature of water 77° F.; gas escapes from pipe. b Continuous flow of gas: water salty. c Gas associated with water. d At 350 feet a flow of salt water associated with gas was obtained. e Well flowed 60 gallons a minute at first, but is now becoming choked with sand. / Oil well. g Good flow obtained at 400 feet. Analysis of water from deep tvell owned by Mit. Parker, 3 miles southeast of Tunis, Burleson County.a Parts per million. Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 630 Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 520 Parts per million. Potassium (K) 7 Sodium (Na) 520 Magnesium (Mg) 4 Calcium (Ca) 11 Chlorine (CI) 64 a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 1,756 BURLESON AND BRAZOS COUNTIES. 61 Record of well at Clay, Burleson County. Feet. Soil 0-15 Clay 15-28 Rock 28-41 Sand - 41-67 Lignite 67-74 Blue granite 74- 88 Blue sand '. 88-124 Gray sand rock 124-161 Lignite 161-169 Blue limestone rock .- 169-185 Sand 185-188 Gray sand rock 188-197 Soapstone , 197-217 Bock 217-220 Soapstone : 220-249 Fine blue sand 249-254 Blue limestone 254-261 Soapstone 261-271 Rock 271-282 Soapstone 282-420 Fine water sand 420-480 Soapstone 480-525 Close blue sand with lignite and soapstone 525-608 Water sand 608-613 Lignite and soapstone 613-632 Water sand '. . 632-636 Soapstone and sand 636-647 Water sand 647-687 Rock 687-688 Analysis of water from deep well at Clay, Burleson County. a Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 490. Magnesium (Mg) , 8.0 Calcium (Ca) 21. Chlorine (CI) 490. Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 4. 6 Bicarbonate radicle (HCCU 320. Parts per million. Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 30. Silica (Si0 2 ) 38. Organic matter 79. 1, 480. 6 BRAZOS COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water in sufficient quantity to supply an ordinary well is found in Brazos County from 35 to 60 feet below the surface. Artesian wells. — The best developed artesian area in Brazos County is located near Steeles Store and Stone City, between Little and Big Brazos rivers, where about 50 flowing wells are located. About 15 miles southwest of Bryan there are a number of smaller artesian wells, varying in depth from 200 to 1,000 feet, but averaging about 300 feet, with diameters of 1 to 3 inches. The smaller wells yield about a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. IRR 190—07 5 62 U1STDEEGR0UND WATEES OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 47 gallons a minute; the larger and deeper ones furnish considerably more. In sinking the deep wells in this district several small flows are encountered before the main water horizon is reached. These are generally cased off and only the water from the lowest horizon allowed to flow. In addition to the above-described wells there are a few in the southern part of the county. A partial list of the artesian and deep wells of Brazos County is given below, also a record of the materials penetrated in the Hearne and Brazos Valley Railroad well at Stone City. Partial list of artesian and deep wells in Brazos County. Owner. Depth. Location. Hearne and Brazos Valley R. R. Templeton & Foster John D. Rogers i Do Feet. 1,005 900 1,300 Flows, Flows. Flows. Stone City. Navasota, 6 miles west. Allenfarm. Allenfarm, 1 mile west. Record of Hearne and Brazos Valley Railroad well at Stone City, Brazos County. Surface blue clay 0- 25 Rock 25- 28 Blue clay . 28- 60 Rock '. 60- 61 Blue marl 61- 105 Lignite 105- 106 Blue marl 106- 145 Rock 145- 147 Blue marl with an occasional layer of rock r. 147-1, 005 MADISON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Throughout Madison County good water is obtained from wells at depths of 50 to 80 feet, depending on the elevation of the surface. Artesian wells. — Owing to the ease with which good shallow wells are obtained and the numerous small flowing streams traversing the county, there is little need for flowing wells, and so far as can be ascertained no attempts have been made to develop this resource. LEON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Leon County shallow wells vary in depth from 30 to 45 feet, and a good supply of water is generally struck. Artesian wells. — The only artesian well in Leon County is that owned by J. H. Oliver. It is located one-half mile northwest of Buffalo and has a depth of 1,200 feet. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 63 FREESTONE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Freestone County are from 35 to 45 feet deep and generally contain from 6 to 20 feet of water. Artesian wells. — Owing mainly to the abundant supply of shallow- well water throughout the county, no attempts have been made to get artesian flows. HOUSTON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Most of the shallow wells throughout Houston County are less than 40 feet deep, and a large supply of water is generally obtained. Artesian wells. — At Crockett a well was sunk by Prof. J. B. Smith to a depth of 700 feet, and the water rose within 40 feet of the surface. There are several wells at Kenard 1,100 to 1,200 feet deep, from which a large supply of water is obtained by pumping. ANDERSON COUNTY. Shallow wells. — A good water supply is found in Anderson County at a depth of 30 to 40 feet below the surface. Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in this county, but sev- eral deep borings have been made at Palestine and other places which furnish a good supply of water by pumping. EIMESTONE COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water is secured in the southern part of Limestone County at a depth of about 35 feet. In the northwestern part the wells are somewhat deeper, averaging 60 feet. Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in Limestone County, although it is believed that flows might be obtained if wells were sunk to a sufficient depth. CHEROKEE, TRINITY, ANGELINA, SAN AUGUSTINE, AND SABINE COUNTIES. Shallow wells. — Throughout Cherokee, Trinity, Angelina, San Augustine, and Sabine counties shallow wells find water at depths varying from 30 to 50 feet, and the supply is generally large. Artesian wells. — The only artesian well in these counties is at Grove- ton, the county seat of Trinity County, where a 6-inch well 495 feet deep yields 27 gallons a minute. There is a deep well at Bronson, Sabine County, a record of which is given below, also an analysis of the water. 64 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. Record of deep well at Bronson, Sabine County. Yellow clay. Blue clay Brown shale . Sand Brown shale Sand Blue clay Limestone rock. Blue clay Sand Blue clay. Brown shale Blue clay Blue clay and "shell".. Blue clay Sand rock Blue clay Blue clay and bowlders. Blue clay Water sand * Blue clay Dark sand Blue clay Blue shale and "shell". Dark shale Water sand Dark clay Analysis of -water from deep ivell at Bronson, Sabine County. a 0- 30 30- 60 60- 103 103- 115 115- 145 145- 155 155- 163 163- 164 164- 258 258- 272 272- 322 322- 352 352- 374 374- 380 380- 486 486- 489 489- 578 578- 586 586- 674 674- 729 729- 810 810- 818 818- 892 892- 928 928-1 ,018 1, 018-1 ,068 1, 068-1 ,070 Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 330. Chlorine (CI) 30.0 Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 8.1 Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 395 Parts per million. Silica (Si0 2 ) 17. Organic matter 34. 814.1 NACOGDOCHES COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Wells of moderate yield are obtained in Nacog- doches County at a depth of 25 feet. Artesian wells. — Two wells have been sunk in this county and data concerning them are given below. Artesian icells in Nacogdoches County. Owner. Depth. Flow per minute. Diame- ter. Distance from Nacogdoches. Feet. 285 820 Gallons. 40 Inches. 4 6 a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 65 SHELBY, PANOLA, AND RUSK COUNTIES. Shallow wells. — Water in Shelby, Panola, and Rusk counties is obtained in abundance in wells ranging from 20 to 35 feet in depth. Artesian wells. — There is little demand for artesian water in these counties, owing mainly to the shallow depth at which ground water may be obtained. At Center, Shelby County, there is a deep well, a record of which is given below ; also an analysis of the water. • Record log of deep well at Center, Shelby County. Feet. Yellow clay 0- 10 Brown shale 10-106 Lignite 106-108 Brown shale 108-240 Sand : 240-250 Brown shale 250-320 White sandstone 320-330 Brown shale 330-356 Lignite 356-358 Brown shale 358-372 White sandstone 372-374 Brown shale r 374^16 "Stone coal " '. . . . 416-417 Brown shale 417-443 Sandstone 443-445 Brown shale 445-517 " Gray granite " 517-520 Brown shale 520-556 Sandstone 556-557 Brown shale .- , 557-562 "Gray granite" 562-564 White sand, water bearing 564-614 Brown shale 614-623 Analysis of water from deep well at Center, Shelby County. a Parts per million. Sodium (Na) 370. Calcium (Ca) 4. 1 Chlorine (CI) 57. Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 14. Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 430. Parts per million. Silica (Si0 2 ) , 24.0 Organic matter 31. 930.1 VAN ZANDT AND RAINS COUNTIES. Shallow wells. — Throughout Van Zandt and Rains counties an ade- quate supply of water is obtained from wells ranging in depth from 20 to 45 feet. Artesian wells. — There are at present no flowing wells in either of these counties; and, so far as can be ascertained, no prospecting for artesian water has been done. a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 66 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. SMITH COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Smith County water occurs at shallow depths, rarely exceeding 35 feet, and the supply is usually large. Artesian wells. — A few years ago an oil well was drilled on the county poor farm to a depth of 460 feet and a strong flow of water obtained. No other deep borings have been reported from this county, but it is believed that artesian water could be obtained at other localities if wells were sunk to a sufficient depth. WOOD AND GREGG COUNTIES. Shallow wells. — Water is found in Wood and Gregg counties at depths ranging from 25 to 80 feet. The supply is large and the quality generally good, but a few wells near Quitman and Winns- boro furnish water containing a large percentage of mineral salts. Artesian wells. — No flowing wells have been reported from either of these counties. About 6 miles south of Longview, Gregg County, an oil well was sunk to a depth of 1,424 feet without obtaining artesian water. It is possible that flows might be found at shal- lower depths in Wood County or in other parts of Gregg County, but thus far no tests have been made in these localities. A record of the deep oil well near Longview is given below : Partial record of well 6 miles south of Longview, Gregg County. Feet. No record 0- 285 Soapstone 285- 305 Flint 305- 307 Soapstone 307- 322 Shaly clay , . . . . 322- 329 Sandy shale. 329- 353 Clay 353- 356 Sandy shale 356- 437 Clay : 437- 452 Sandy shale 452- 487 Flint 487- 489 Sandstone 489- 543 Lignite 543- 545 Clay 545- 551 Sand 551- 571 Flint 571- 574 Sandy shale 574- 710 Clay 710- 745 Sandstone 745- 756 Water-bearing sand . 756- 780 Sandstone 780- 880 Clay 880- 892 Sandy shale 892-1, 027 Clay 1, 027-1, 034 Sandy shale 1, 034-1, 199 Flint 1, 199-1, 200 Sandstone , 1, 200-1, 246 Sandy shale 1, 246-1, 424 Gumbo. DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 67 UPSHUR COUNTY. Shallow wells. — In Upshur County the water table appears to be about 35 to 40 feet below the surface, and at this depth a good supply of relatively pure water is obtained. Artesian wells. — The only artesian well which has been reported from this county is on the John Gillis ranch, 1J miles southwest of Hawkins. It is 250 feet deep and yields a flow of 2 J gallons a minute. HARRISON COUNTY. Shallow wells.— In Harrison County sufficient water for ordinary domestic purposes is struck at depths rarely exceeding 40 feet, and the quality is usually good. Artesian wells.— The only artesian well in Harrison County is owned by the Marshall waterworks. This well was bored in Janu- ary, 1900, and the first flows were obtained at shallow depths. It is 208 feet deep, 6 inches in diameter, and has a flow of 200,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. The following is a record of the material penetrated: Record of artesian well at Marshall, Harrison County. Feet. Soil and clay 0- 80 Sand with rock at base, water bearing 80-100 Clay with layers of lignite 100-160 Sand with rock at base, water bearing 160-180 Sand, water bearing 180-208 This test well was made without a strainer, and considerable sand was brought up with the water. The test was continued for about twelve hours with no apparent change of flow. MARION COUNTY. Shallow wells. — Water in Marion County is found at 25 to 50 feet below the surface, and the supply is both abundant and pure. Artesian wells. — The only artesian well reported from this county is owned by J. M. De Ware, at Jefferson. It is 2 inches in diameter, 801 feet deep, and yields a small flow, but the exact amount has not been ascertained. INDEX. A. Page. Acknowledgments to those aiding 1 Alameda, wells near 25 Alice, well near, record of 12 Alligator Head, well at, record of 15 Alta Loma, wells at 28 wells at, record of 28-29 Alvin, wells near 21 Anahuac, wells at and near 31 Anaqua, wells near 14 Anderson County, artesian wells in_ 63 shallow wells in 63 Angelina County, artesian wells in__ 63 shallow wells in 63 Areola, well near 24 Area of region 1 Aransas County, artesian wells in 14 shallow wells in 14 Arnold well, record of 22-23 Artesia, wells near : 53 Artesian wells, flow of 3 location of, map showing 2 occurrence of 2-3 views of 1,6 Atacosa County, artesian wells in 54, 55 shallow wells in 55 Atravesada well, record of 5-6 Ashby, well near 19 Austin County, artesian wells in 41 shallow wells in 41 B. Barker, well near 25 Barosa Creek, well on, record of 52 Bastrop, well near 58 Bastrop County, artesian wells in 58 shallow wells in 58 Batesville, wells near 52 Bay City, wells near 19 Bay View, well near 29 Beasley (S. II.) well, record of 17-18 Beaumont, well at ,. 31 Bee County, artesian wells in 34 shallow wells in 34 Bexar County, artesian wells in 55-56 shallow wells in 55 Blessing, wells near 19 Bobbin, well at, record of 44-45 well at, water of, analysis of__ 45 Branchville, wells at and near 59 Brazoria, well near 21 Brazoria County, artesian wells in_ 21-24 artesian wells in, records of 22-24 shallow wells in 21 Page. Brazos, wells near 21 Brazos County, artesian wells in 61-62 . artesian wells in, record of 62 shallow wells in 61 Brenham, water supply of 41 Breslau, well at 38 Bronson, well at, record of 63-64 well at, water of, analysis of 64 Brown (H. G.) well, record of 35 Brownsville, wells at 3 Brimiville, wells at 51 Bryan, wells near • 61 Bryan Heights, well near 21 Buffalo, well near 62 Burleson County, artesian wells in_ 60-61 artesian well in, record of 61 water of, analyses of 60, 61 shallow wells in 60 C. Caldwell, wells near 60 Caldwell County, artesian wells in_ 58 shallow wells in 57 Calhoun County, artesian wells in__ 14-15 artesian wells in, record of 15 shallow wells in 14 Call, well near 50 Calvert, wells near 58 Cameron County, artesian wells in_ 3-6 artesian wells in, records of 5-6 shallow wells in 3 Carancohue, wells near 16 Carrizo Springs, wells near 51-52 Cedar Bayou, wells at 31 Center, well at, record of 65 well at, water of, analysis of__ 65 Chambers County, artesian wells in_ 30-31 shallow wells in 30 Chapel Hill, wells near 41 Cherokee County, artesian wells in_ 63 shallow wells in 63 Chesterville, artesian wells near 3 irrigation near 3 Clay, wells at IL__ 60 wells at, record of 61 water of. analysis of 61 Cleveland, well at, record of 44 well at, water of, analysis of 44 Clodine, wells at 24 Colorado County, artesian wells in__ 40 artesian wells in, record of 40 shallow wells in 39 Columbia, wells near 21 Columbus, well at, record of 40 69 70 INDEX. Page. Conroe, well at, record of 45-46 well at, water of, analysis of 46 Cooks Point, wells near 60 Corpus Christi, elevation at 2 Cotulla, wells near_ 53 Counties, underground water in, de- scription of 3-67 Courtney, wells near 42 Cretaceous rocks, occurrence of 2 Crockett, well at 63 Cuero, well near, record of 35 Cunningham farm, wells on 24 D. Damon mound, well at 21 Davenport, well at 56 Deepwater, wells at 24, 25 Deerpark, wells at 25 Derby, wells at and near 54 Dewet, wells at and near 36 Dewitt County, artesian wells in 35 artesian wells in, record of 35 shallow wells in 34 Dickinson, wells at and near 29 Dies, well at 47 well at, record of 47 water of, analysis of 47 Dimmit County, artesian wells in 51 artesian wells in, record of 52 shallow wells in 51 Double Bayou, wells at and near 31 Drainage, sketch of 2 Duval County, artesian wells in 33 shallow wells in 33 E. Eagle Lake, wells near 39 East Bernard, artesian wells near 3 irrigation near 3 Echo, wells at and near 33 Edgewater, well at 29 Edna, wells near 16 El Campo, artesian wells near 3 irrigation near 3 Elevations, range of '. 2 Encinal, well at 53 Engle, wells near 39 Erin, wells at 24 F. Falfurrias, wells near 8 Fayette County, artesian wells in 39 shallow wells in 39 Floresville, wells near 57 Fort Bend County, deep wells in 24 shallow wells in 24 Freestone County, artesian wells in_ 63 shallow wells in 63 Frio County, artesian wells in 54 shallow wells in__ 54 view of 1 Frio River, wells on 53 G. Galveston, water supply of 3 wellat 27 record of 30 Galveston County, artesian wells in_ 27-30 artesian wells in, records of 28-30 shallow wells in 27 Galveston well, record of 12 Genoa, wells at and near 25 Gentry (Charles) well, record of_: 37-38' Geography, sketch of 1-2 Geology, sketch of 2 Gillis (John) ranch, well on 67 Goball, well at 41 Goliad, well near 34 Goliad County, artesian wells in 34 shallow wells in 34 Gonzales, well near, record of 37 Gonzales County, artesian wells in__ 35-38 artesian wells in, record of 37-38 shallow wells in 35 Grant, well near : 60 Gregg County, artesian wells in 66 artesian wells in, record of 66 shallow wells in 66 Grimes County, artesian wells in 42 artesian wells in, record of 42 water of, analysis of 42 shallow wells in 42 Groveton, well at 63 Guadalupe County, artesian wells in_ 57 shallow wells in 57 II. Hallettsville, wells at and near 38 Hampshire, wells near 31 Hardin County, artesian wells in 47-48 artesian wells in, records of 47, 48 water of, analyses of 47, 48 shallow wells in 47 Harris County, artesian wells in 114-27 artesian wells in, record of 26-27 shallow wells in 24 Harrisburg, well near 25 Harrison County, artesian wells in_ 67 artesian wells in, record of 67 shallow wells in 67 Hawkins, well near 67 Hawkinsville, well near 19 Hidalgo County, artesian wells in 7-8 artesian wells in, records of 7 water of, analysis of 8 shallow wells in 7 Hearne, wells near 58 Hempstead, wells at and near 41 Hitchcock, wells near 29 Hoskins Mound, well at, record of 23-24 Houston, water supply of 3, 25 wells at 24,25 record of 26-27 Houston County, artesian wells in__ 63 shallow wells in 63 Humble, well at , 25 INDEX. 71 I. . Page. Inez, well near 16 Irrigation, use of 3 J. Jackson County, artesian wells in — 16-18 artesian wells in, records of 17-18 shallow wells in 16 Jasper County, artesian wells in 48-50 artesian wells in, records of 49-50 water of, analysis of 50 shallow wells in _ 48 Jefferson, well at 67 Jefferson County, artesian wells in_ 31-32 artesian well in, record of _ 32 shallow wells in 31 K. Karnes City, well at 34 Karnes County, artesian wells in 34 shallow wells in 34 Katy, wells at 24 Kenard, wells near 63 Kenedy Pasture Company"s wells, list of 4 Kemper, wells near 16 King ranch, wells on 5, 7, 10 wells on, water of, analysis of_ 12 Kirbyville, well at 48 well at, record of 50 water of, analysis of 50 L. La-Porte, wells at and near 25 Lasalle County, artesian wells in 53 shallow wells in 53 Lasater (E. C.) ranch, wells on 7 wells on, waters of, analyses of_ 8, 9 Laureles ranch, wells on 11 Lavaca County, artesian wells in 38 shallow wells in 38 League City, wells at 29 Lee County, artesian wells in 58 shallow wells in 58 Leesville, wells near 35-36 Leobau, well near 58 Leon County, artesian wells in 62 shallow wells in 62 Leon Springs, wells at 55 Liberty, wells at and near 43 Liberty County, artesian wells in 43-44 artesian wells in, records of 43, 44 water of, analyses of 43, 44 shallow wells in 43 Limestone County, artesian wells in_ 63 shallow wells in 63 Live Oak County, artesian wells in 34 shallow wells in 33 Location of region _=. 1 Lockhart, wells near 57, 58 Longview, well at, record of 66 M. McMullen County, artesian wells in_ 54 shallow wells in 53 Page. Madison County, artesian wells in__ 62 shallow wells in 62 Manvel, well near 21 Marion County, artesian wells in 67 shallow wells in 67 Markham, well near 19 Marshall, well at 67 Martindale. wells near 57 Matagorda, well near 19 Matagorda County, artesian wells in_ 19 shallow wells in 19 Maverick County, artesian wells in_ 51 shallow wells in 51 Maxwell, wells near 57 Maysfield, well at 59 Meadow Brook County farms, wells on 24 Mesquite well, water of, analysis of_ 9 Midfleld, well near 19 Miguel, wells near 54 Mikesha, well near 34 Milam County, artesian wells in 59 shallow wells in 59 Montgomery County, artesian wells in 44-46 artesian wells in, records of 44-46 water of, analyses of- 45-46 shallow wells in 44 Morgan Point, wells at . 25 Mount Belvien, wells at and near 31 Myers, wells at and near 60 N. Nacogdoches, wells near 64 Nacogdoches County, artesian wells in 64 shallow wells in 64 Navasota well, record of 42 water of, analysis of 42 Newton County, artesian wells in 50 shallow wells in 50 Nueces County, artesian wells in 9-13 artesian wells in, records of 10-12 waters of, analyses of 12-13 shallow wells in 8 O. Oakhurst, well at 46 Oakville, wells at and near 34 O'Donnell (J. EL) farm, wells at 24 Orange, wells at and near 32-33 Orange County, artesian wells in 32-33 shallow wells in 32 Ovejas well, record of 6 P. Palacios, wells at 19 Palestine, wells at 63 Panola County, artesian wells in 65 shallow wells in 65 Parker (Mit.) well, water of, analysis of 60 Pasadena, wells at 25 Pearsall, well near, view of 1 wells near 54 72 INDEX. Pierce Station, well at, record of- Pittsbridge, wells at and near — Pleasanton, wells near Point Lavaca, wells near Polk County, artesian wells in — shallow wells in Port Arthur, well at Praha, wells at Q. Quintana, well near R. Pains County, artesian wells in shallow wells in Rancho, wells near 35 Refugio County, artesian wells in 13- shallow wells in Rice, irrigation for Richmond, water supply of well at Rio Grande embayment, wells in wells in, plate showing Rita, wells near Robertson County, artesian wells in_ 58 shallow wells in Rusk County, artesian wells in shallow wells in S. Sabine County, artesian wells in 63 artesian wells in, record of water of, analysis of shallow wells in Sabine pass, well at well at, record of i_ San Antonio, water supply oT wells at and near San Augustine County, artesian wells in shallow wells in San Jacinto County, artesian wells in shallow wells in San Miguel Creek, wells on San Patricio County, artesian wells in shallow wells in Sandy Point, well near Santa Clara well, record of Sauz ranch, wells at and near, rec- ords of Schulenburg, wells at Seabrook, wells at and near Seeligson ranch, wells on_ wells on, record of water of, analysis of Seguin, well near Shelby County, artesian wells in artesian wells in, record of water of, analysis of shallow wells in Shiner, wells at and near 20 60 55 14 46 46 31 39 21 65 65 -37 -14 13 3 24 24 6 60 -59 58 65 65 -64 64 64 63 31 32 3 56 63 63 46 46 54 13 13 21 12 Tage. Silsbee, well at 47 well at, record of 47 water of, analysis of 47 Smith County, artesian wells in 66 shallow wells in 66 Somerville, well near 60 Starr County, artesian wells in 8-9 artesian wells in, water of, anal- ysis of 9 shallow wells in 8 Steeles store, well near 61 Stockdale, well near 57 Stone City, well at and near 60, 61, 62 Stowell, well near 31 Strange, wells at 25 Streams, character of 2 Stribling well, record of 32 Sugar Land, wells near 24 Sullivan (D. ) ranch, wells on 7 Surf side, wells near 21 Sutherland Springs, well near 57 T. Tertiary rocks, occurrence of 2 Texas City, wells at 29 Texas Land and Cattle Company"s ranch, wells on 11 Thorndale, well at 59 Tilden, wells at and near 54 Topography, sketch of 2 Trinity River, well at, record of 43 well at, water of, analysis of 43 Tunis, well near, water of, analysis of 60 Tyler County, artesian wells in 48 shallow wells in 48 TJ. Underground water, description of, by counties 3-67 Union, well near 57 Upshur County, artesian wells in 67 shallow wells in 67 V. Van Zandt County, artesian wells in 65 shallow wells in 65 Vanraub, wells near 55 Velasco, wells near 21 Victoria, well at and near 16 Victoria County, artesian wells in__ 15-16 shallow wells in 15 Votaw, well at 47 well at, record of 48 water of, analysis of 48 W. Wadsworth, well near 19 Walker County, artesian wells in 46 shallow wells in 40 Waller County, artesian wells in 41 INDEX. 73 Tage. Waller County, shallow wells in 41 Waller, well near 41 Wallisville, well at 31 Ward and Russell ranch, wells on — 7 Washington, well at 41 Washington County, artesian wells in 41 shallow wells in 41 Water, underground, description of, by counties 3-67 importance of 2-3 Webb County, artesian wells in 51 shallow wells in 50 Webster, artesian wells near 3 irrigation near 3 wells at and near 25 Wells, artesian, flow of 3 location of, map showing 2 occurrence of 2-3 views of 4, 54 Wharton County, artesian wells in_ 19-21 artesian wells in, record of 20—21 shallow wells in 19 Page. White Sulphur well, water of, anal- ysis of 8 Whittaker, wells at and near 60 Wiess and Sanders ranch, wells on_ 48 wells on, records of 49-50 Wiess Bluff, well near 48 Wilson County, artesian wells in 57 shallow wells in 57 Wood County, artesian wells in 66 shallow wells in 66 Woodville, well near 48 Wooster, well near 25 Wrightsboro, wells near 35-36 Y. Yoakum, well at 35 Yorktown, wells at 35 Z. Zapata County, artesian wells in 33 shallow wells in 33 Zavalla County, artesian wells in — 52 shallow wells in 52 CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Water-Supply Paper Mo. 190.] The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual Reports, (2) Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral Resources, (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of United States — folios and separate sheets thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of United States — folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists can be had on application. Most of the above publications can be obtained or consulted in the following ways: 1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they can be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application. 2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress for distribution. 3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C, from whom they can be had at prices slightly above cost. 4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they can be consulted by those interested. The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, System- atic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water stor- age; K, Pumping water; L, .Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investiga- tions; N, Water power; 0, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. This paper is the sixty-seventh in Series 0, the complete list of which follows: (PP= Professional Paper; B=Bulletin; WS= Water-Supply Paper): SERIES 0, UNDERGROUND WATERS. WS 4. A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I. C. Russell. 1897. 96 pp., 7 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth. .1897. 65 pp., 12 pis. (Out of stock ) WS 7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier. 1897. 50 pp., 3 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 12. Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N. H. Darton. 1898. 56 pp., 21 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 64 pp. (Out of stock.) WS 30. Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 7 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis. (Out of stock.) ■ WS 34. Geology and vater resources of a portion of southeastern South Dakota, by J. E. Todd. 1900. 34 pp., 19 pis. WS 53. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. 1, by 1. C. Russell. 1901. 86 pp., 10 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 54. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. II, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 87-141 pp. (Out oi stock. ) I II SERIES LIST, WS 55. Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakima County, Wash., by G. O. Smith. 1901. 68 pp., 7 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. I, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. (Out of stock.) WS 59. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. I, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 95 pp., 11 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 60. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. II, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 96-140 pp. (Out of stock.) WS 61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. II, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. (Out of stock.) WS 67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. (Out of stock.) B 199. Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192 pp., 25 pis. WS 77. Water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. WS 78. Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by I.C.Russell. 1903. 53 pp., 2 pis. PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian by N. H. Darton. 1903. 69 pp., 43 pis. WS 90. Geology and water resources of a part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, by J. E. Todd and C. M. Hall. 1904. 47 pp., 23 pis. WS 101. Underground waters of southern Louisiana, by G. D. Harris, with discussions of their uses for water supplies and for rice irrigation, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 98 pp., 11 pis. WS 102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 522 pp. WS 104. Underground waters of Gila Valley, Arizona, by W. T. Lee. 1904. 71 pp., 5 pis. WS 106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 pp., 4 pis. WS 110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1904. 211 pp., 5 pis. PP 32. Geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1904. 433 pp., 72 pis. (Out of stock.) WS 111. Preliminary report on underground waters of Washington by Henry Landes. 1904. 85 pp., I pi. WS 112. Underflow tests in the drainage basin of Los Angeles River, by Homer Hamlin. 1904. 55 pp., 7 pis. WS 114. "Underground waters of eastern United States, by M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1904. 285 pp., 18 pis. WS 118. Geology and water resources of east-central Washington, by F. C. Calkins. 1905. 96 pp., 4 pis. B 252. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon, by I. C. Russell. 1905. 138 pp., 24 pis. WS 120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 1905. 128 pp. WS 122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. WS 123. Geology and underground water conditions of the Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico, by C. R. Keyes. 1905. 42 pp. 9 pis. WS 136. Undergroundwaters of the Salt River Valley, by W. T. Lee. 1905. 194 pp., 24 pis. B 264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. Veatch. 1905. 106 pp. PP 44. Underground water resources of Long Island, New York, by A. C. Veatch and others. 1905. 394 pp., 34 pis. WS 137. Development of underground waters in the eastern coastal plain region of southern Cali- fornia, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 140 pp., 7 pis. WS 138. Development of underground waters in the central coastal plain region of southern Cali- fornia, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 162 pp., 5 pis. WS 139. Development of underground waters in the western coastal plain region of southern Cali- fornia, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 105 pp., 7 pis. WS 140. Field menasrements of tbe rate of movemen of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. WS 141. Observations on the ground waters of Rio Grande Valley, by C. S. Slichter. 1905. 83 pp., 5 pis. WS142. Hydrology of San Bernardino Valley, California, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 124 pp., 13 pis. W 145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. WS 148. Geology and water resources of Oklahoma, by C. N. Gould. 1905. 178 pp., 22 pis. WS 149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. PP 46. Geology and underground water resources of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 422 pp., 51 pis. WS 153. The underflow in Arkansas Valley in western Kansas, by C. S. Slichter. 1906. 90 pp., 3 pis. SERIES LIST. Ill WS 154. The geology and water resources of the eastern portion of the Panhandle of Texas, by C. N. Gould. 1906. 64 pp., 15 pis. WS 155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, New York, by A. C.Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. WS 157. Underground water in the valleys of Utah Lake and Jordan River, Utah, by G. B. Richardson. 1906. 81pp., 9 pis. WS 158. Preliminary report on the geology and underground waters of the Roswell artesian area, New Mexico, by C. A Fisher. 1906. 29 pp., 9 pis. PP 52. Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, by N. H. Darton. 1906. 90 pp., 28 pis. WS 159. Summary of underground-water resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider and L. C. Johnson. 1906. 86 pp., 6 pis. PP 53. Geology and water resources of the Bighorn basin, Wyoming, by C. A. Fisher. 1906. 72 pp., 16 pis. WS 160. Underground-water papers, 1906, by M. L. Fuller. 1906. 104 pp., 1 pi. ( Out of stock.) WS 163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 1906. 130 pp. WS 164. Underground waters of Tennessee and Kentucky west of Tennessee River and of an adja- cent area in Illinois, by L. C. Glenn. 1906. 173 pp., 7 pis. WS 181. Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California, by W. T. Lee. 1906. 28 pp., 6 pis. (Out of stock.) •WS 182. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the Southern Penin- sula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 292 pp., 5 pis. WS 183. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 393 pp., 5 pis. B 298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 1906. 299 pp. WS 184. The underflow of the South Platte Valley, by C. S. Slichter and H. C. Wolff. 1906. 42 pp. WS 188. Water resources of the Rio Grande Valley in New Mexico and their development, by W. T. Lee. 1906. 59 pp., 10 pis. WS 190. Underground waters of Coastal Plain of Texas, by T. U. Taylor. 1907. 73 pp., 3 pis. The following papers also relate to this subject: Underground waters of Arkansas Valley in east- ern Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; New developments in well boring and irrigation in eastern South Dakota, by N. H. Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Rock waters of Ohio, by Edward Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic coastal plain region, by N. H. Darton, Bulletin No. 138. Correspondence should be addressed to The Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. April, 1907. o irr 190—07 6 LEJe'08