i OFF ICI AI^ (PICTORIAL ^ND DESCRIPTIVE SOUVENIR BOOK OFTHE fflSTORICAL PAGEANT ^ m IBRARY OF CONGRESS DDDDSMEOMm _pilX»j3igDi;; OCTOBER T^ TO IZtJ X a Gopghtl^^ mj^ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. (Photograph by Evans) RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG Mayor of Philadelphia r -I ZZIZ3 - ■^ OFFICIAL PICTORIAL AND DESCRIPTIVE SOUVENIR BOOK OF THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT October Seventh to Ttoelfth 1912 L. THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT COMMITTEE OF PHILADELPHIA - CZZ^ l- -J .37 0/3 Copyright, 1912 by ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER Printed by George H Buchanan Company at the Sign of the Ivy Leaf in Sansom Street Philadelphia •£Ci.A327l92 7U) I Cable of Content£( PAGE Foreword 5 Officers and Committees 7 Officers of the Pageant 13 The Words of the Pageant 15 The Constitution of the United States. 63 Philadelphia in the War of 1812 69 "Belmont" 81 Conveners of the Sewing Parties 84 Wf^t ^istodcal pageant of 1912 JN AMERICAN CITY, which is crowded with memories of Penn, and Franklin, of Robert Mor- ris, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, James Wilson, Lafayette and Washington, deserves to have its history often told to itself and to the world. Too infrequently do we pause to consider the record of a neighborhood which for interest and impor- tance has no peer upon our continent. Four years ago the principal episodes in its life were set forth in the form of an Historical Pageant, which proceeded along the city's lead- ing highv/ay for a distance of four miles. It was viewed by a multitude of people — as many as could find space to see from pavement, stand or v/indow, on each side of the street from the starting to the dismissing point. Vast labor and a vast sum of m.oney were expended to secure artistic excellence and historical truth in the representation. But all passed and was gone. Only the memory of the event remains. So much appreciation did our pageant win, that I was encouraged to form an association, and with the aid of the Hon. John E. Reyburn, then the Mayor of the city, we obtained a charter under the state laws. For two summers since, I have viewed and studied the famous historical pageants of England and the time has come, in 1912, in the administration of Mr. Reyburn's successor. Mayor Blankenburg, for another lesson in the history of this fine old American community. This time, I have v/ished to cast the principal episodes in the city's annals in the form of a great play on the greensward among the foliage, and to repeat it day by day so that all that has been done for months and years, by way of preparation shall not vanish in one The Historical Pageant passing view. No more lovely field will soon be found for pag- eantry than that in Philadelphia's splendid park at the "Belmont" of Judge Peters, facing the Schuylkill, as it wends its way to the sea, with the city beyond rearing its walls and spires on the dis- tant plain which, when many of the figures of the pageant sur- veyed the scene, was an open space across which one might often catch a glimpse of the shipping on the Delaware. With this foreword, those of us with whom this work has been the breath and the being for so many months, commit these pictures of the old city to the Philadelphia of this day and to her many friendly guests. ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER MEMBERS OF THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT COMMITTEES I Alba B. Johnson (Photograph by i\vans) 2 George W. Elkins ( Pliotograph by Evans) 3 John Wanamaker (Photograpli by Gutekunst) 4 James McCrea (Photograph by Evans) 5 George F. Baer ( Photograpli by Gutekunst) 6 Hampton L. Carson 7 Samuel T. Bodine ( Photograph by Evans) 8 Daniel Baugh (Photograph by Evans) MEMBERS OF THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT COMMITTEES I John E. Reyburn ( l'li(it(itirai)li liy Gutekunst) 2 Samuel W. Pennypacker (Photograph by Evans) 5 Ernest L. Tustin (Photograph by Evans) 4 Cyrus H. K. Curtis ( Photograph by Evans) 5 Howard B. French (Photograph by Evans) 6 Joseph B. McCall (I'hotograph 1)y Evans) 7 Edward B. Smith (Photograph l)y Gutekunst) 8 J. Howell Cummings Officers and Committees 0iiittxi anb Committees PRESIDENT HON. RUDOLPH BLANKENBURO MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA VICE-PRESIDENTS JOHN E. REYBURN JOHN WEAVER CHARLES F. WARWICK EDWIN S. STUART SAMUEL W. PENNYPACKER DANIEL BAUGH A. LOUDEN SNOWDEN THOMAS DOLAN EDGAR F. SMITH JAMES McCREA E. T. STOTESBURY WILLIAM POTTER JOHN WANAMAKER CHARLEMAGNE TOWER CYRUS H. K. CURTIS CHARLES C. HARRISON GEORGE BURNHAM, JR. W. W. KEEN HAMPTON L. CARSON GEORGE F. BAER JOHN CADWALADER WILLIAM T. TILDEN ISAAC H. CLOTHIER RUSSELL H. CONWELL ALEXANDER VAN RENSSELAER TREASURER CHARLES FRANCIS JENKINS SECRETARY ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER GENERAL COMMITTEE FINLEY ACKER THOMAS F. ARMSTRONG A. LINCOLN ACKER JOHN ASHHURST BERNARD ASHBY F. WAYLAND AYER MIERS BUSCH D. KNICKERBACKER BOYD SAMUEL BELL, JR. CYRUS BORGNER JOHN C. BELL ALFRED E. BURK MAJOR T. T. BRAZIER MARTIN G. BRUMBAUGH DANIEL BAUGH SAMUEL T. BODINE GEORGE F. BAER RALPH BLUM CHARLES D. BARNEY F. H. BETHELL W. ATLEE BURPEE E. J. BERLET DIMNER BEEBER J. CLIFTON BUCK JOHN BURT GEORGE W. BOYD GEORGE BURNHAM, JR. C. C. A. BALDI HARRY A. BERWIND R. R. BOGGS MORRIS L. CLOTHIER CYRUS H. K. CURTIS MORRIS L. COOKE B. FRANK CLAPP GEORGE WENTWORTH CARR WILLIAM M. COATES J. H. CARSTAIRS JOHN CADWALADER J. HOWELL CUMMINGS RUSSELL H. CONWELL ISAAC H. CLOTHIER BISHOP L. J. COPPIN HAMPTON L. CARSON EDWARD P. CHEYNEY ANDREW WRIGHT CRAWFORD CHARLES HEBER CLARK 8 The Historical Pageant GENERAL COMMITTEE— Continued G. W. CHAPIN GORDON S. CARRIGAN HUGH A. CLARKE WILLIAM J. CAMPBELL THOMAS DOLAN ROBERT D. DRIPP3 CHARLES E. DANA FRANK MILES DAY THOMAS F. DURHAM THOMAS DEVLIN HENRY DETREUX A. F. DAIX, JR. MURRELL DOBBINS GEORGE W. ELKINS BURD P. EVANS JAMES ELVERSON W. J. ELDRIDGE WILSON EYRE R. Y. FILBERT NATHAN T. FOLWELL HOWARD B. FRENCH CYRUS D. FOSS, JR. J. W. FLANAGAN W. W. FRY S. S. FELS GEORGE H. FRAZIER ELLIS A. GIMBEL JOHN GRIBBEL WILLIAM A. GLASGOW, JR. JOHN MARSHALL GEST GEORGE GIBBS ALFRED GRATZ JOHN P. GREEN FRANK HARDART M. F. HANSON JOHN C. HUMPHREYS CLEMENT R. HOOPES VICTOR HAMILTON JOSEPH V(/. HOLTON WILLIAM H. HANSELL A. G. HETHERINGTON CHARLES E. HIRES J. WALLACE HALLOWELL CHARLES H. HARDING THOMAS SKELTON HARRISON ELI B. HALLOWELL JOHN STORY JENKS J. R. JONES CHARLES F. JENKINS MORRIS JASTROW, JR. JOHN W. JORDAN GEORGE W. JACOBS ALBA B. JOHNSON RABBI J. KRAUSKOPF GEORGE W. KENDRICK, JR. ALBERT KELSEY GEORGE W. KUCXER N. B. KELLY A. C. KEELEY SYDNEY W. KEITH CHARLES O. KRUGER ALBERT KAISER SAMUEL D. LIT HERMAN LOEB LEWIS LUKES JOHN LUCAS E. O. LEWIS WILLIAM S. LLOYD DAVID H. LANE M. D. LEARNED E. J. LAFFERTY GENERAL EDWARD MORRELL JAMES McCREA JOSEPH B. McCALL THOMAS MARTINDALE J. HAMPTON MOORE LAURENCE McCORMICK F. S. McILHENNY J. WILLIS MARTIN GEORGE D. McCREARY JAMES P. McNICHOL GEORGE McCURDY RANDAL MORGAN ALBERT E. McKINLEY D. J. McCRUDDEN CLARENCE V. McCOOL LESLIE W. MILLER JOHN BACH McMASTER JAMES MacALISTER THOMAS L. MONTGOMERY W. L. McLEAN E. SPENCER MILLER GLENN C. MEAD H. S. MORRIS JOHN H. McFADDEN ROBERT L. MONTGOMERY F. A. MacBRIDE GEORGE W. NORRIS JOSEPH S. NEFF WILLIATyI R. NICHOLSON M. W. NEWTON THOMAS T. NELSON ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER GEORGE W. OCHS W. B. OLIVER ELI KIRK PRICE GEORGE D. PORTER HAROLD PEIRCE JAMES POLLOCK SAMUEL W. PENNYPACKER C. S. W. PACKARD GENERAL W. G. PRICE WILLIAM PERRINE LINCOLN K. PASSMORi MEMBERS OF THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT COMMITTEES I Martin G. Brumbaugh ( Pliotciy;raph by Gutekunst) 2 Charles F. Jenkins (Photograph ])y Phillips) 3 A. G. Hetherington (Photograph by Evans) 4 Miers Busch (Photograph by Evans) 5 Thomas L. Montgomery 6 Theodore C. Search 7 George Burnham, Jr. (Photograph by Gutekunst) 8 Morris Jastrow, Jr. (Photograph by Gutekunst) MEMBERS OF THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT COMMITTEES I Marion D. Learned ( r'hot(i^naph by Gutckunsl) 2 John W.Jordan (Photograph by Evans) 3 J. Hampton Moore ( Pliotogra])li by Gutekunst) 4 Henry Detreux 5 Charles Heber Clark (Photograph by Gutekunst) 6 Charles F. Warwick (Photograph by Gutekunst) 7 E.J. Berlet (Photo-rapli l)y Phillips) 8 General W. G. Price (Photograph by Evans) 9 C. W. Summerfield Officers and Committees GENERAL COMMITTEE— Continued FRANCIS B. REEVES FRANK M. RITER WALTER E. REX JOHN E. REYBURN JOSEPH G. ROSENGARTEN J. P. REMINGTON HARRY RANSLEY HENRY STARR RICHARDSON E. T. STOTESBURY EDGAR F. SMITH SAMUEL SNELLENBURG COLEMAN SELLERS EDWARD B. SMITH C. W. SUMMERFIELD H. A. SHAW THEODORE C. SEARCH JOHN B. SIMPSON FRANK SCHOBLE F. H. STRAWBRIDGE CHARLES H. STEPHENS FELIX E. SCHELLING WILLIAM T. TILDEN M. HAMPTON TODD ERNEST L. TUSTIN CHARLEMAGNE TOWER JOHN THOMSON JOHN E. D. TRASK WILLIAM R. TUCKER ALEXANDER VAN RENSSELAER ROBERT VON MOSCHZISKER EDWIN H. VARE E. A. VAN VALKENBURG C. W. VAN derHOOGT JOHN WANAMAKER RODMAN L. WANAMAKER JOSEPH S. LOVERING WHARTON GEORGE WOODWARD CLARENCE WOLF JOHN T. WINDRIM WILLIAM WEAND FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS E. BURGESS WARREN JOHN M. WALTON JOHN WEAVER GEORGE B. WELLS SAMUEL C. WELLS JOHN C. WINSTON EDSON J. WEEKS CHARLES F. WARWICK JONES WISTER T. WORCESTER WORRELL THOMAS WYNNE CHARLES S. WALTON E. A. WRIGHT, JR. J. FRED ZIMMERMAN GEORGE W. ZANE DIRECTING COMMITTEE MARTIN G. BRUMBAUGH, Chairman ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER, Secretary A. G. HETHERINGTON THOMAS L. MONTGOMERY MARION D. LEARNED JOHN W. JORDAN CHARLES HEBER CLARK CHARLES F. JENKINS, ex-officio ERNEST L. TUSTIN, ex-officio HOWARD B. FRENCH, ex-officio MIERS BUSCH, cx-officio C. W. SUMMERFIELD, ex-officio E. J. BERLET, ex-officio EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MARTIN G. BRUMBAUGH, Chairman MIERS BUSCH CHARLES HEBER CLARK CYRUS H. K. CURTIS MORRIS JASTROW. JR. FRANK MILES DAY A. G. HETHERINGTON JOHN W. JORDAN GEORGE W. JACOBS CHARLES F. JENKINS MARION D. LEARNED E. J, BERLET JAMES MacALISTER JOHN BACH McMASTER THOMAS L. MONTGOMERY H. S. MORRIS THOMAS T. NELSON FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER WILLIAM PERRINE JOHN E. REYBURN HARRY C. RANSLEY THEODORE C. SEARCH LESLIE W. MILLER 10 The Historical Pageant FINANCE COMMITTEE HOWARD B. FRENCH, Chairman JOHN LUCAS. Secretary HARRY A. BERWIND MORRIS L. CLOTHIER J. HOWELL CUMMINGS WILLIAM M. COATES JAMES ELVERSON GEORGE W. ELKINS NATHAN T. FOLWELL GEORGE H. FRAZIER ELLIS A. GIMBEL CHARLES H. HARDING THOMAS S. HARRISON CHARLES E. HIRES ALBA B. JOHNSON CHARLES F. JENKINS SAMUEL D. LIT GEORGE W. NORRIS ARTHUR E. NEWBOLD FRANCIS S. McILHENNY LINCOLN K. PASSMORE HAROLD PEIRCE FRANCIS B. REEVES FRANK SCHOBLE EDWARD B. SMITH CHARLES S. WALTON COMMITTEE ON THE SPECIAL OBSERVANCE OF THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION ERNEST L. TUSTIN. Chairman A. G. HETHERINGTON, Secretary HAMPTON L. CARSON J. HOWELL CUMMINGS HOWARD B. FRENCH F. WAYLAND AYER WILLIAM T. TILDEN JOHN ASHHURST W. ATLEE BURPEE J. HAMPTON MOORE GEORGE D. McCREARY PUBLICITY COMMITTEE E. J. BERLET, Chairman E. J. LAFFERTY, Secretary FINLEY ACKER E. I. BACON C. C. A. BALDI RALPH BLUM CYRUS BORGNER FRANKLIN N. BREWER JOHN BURT A. A. CHRISTIAN GORDON S. CARRIGAN A. F. DAIX, JR. ROBERT D. DRIPPS W. W. FRY ALFRED GRATZ M. F. HANSON FRANK HARDART CHARLES H. HEUSTIS J. R. JONES DAVID H. LANE LEWIS LUKES THOMAS MARTINDALE LAURENCE McCORMICK HARRY M. NATHANSON M. W. NEWTON GEORGE W. OCHS W. B. OLIVER WALTER E. REX HENRY STARR RICHARDSON WILLIAM SIMPSON H. A. SHAW H. J. TAFT HERBERT J. TILY E. A. VAN VALKENBURG GEORGE B. WELLS SAMUEL C. WELLS JONES WISTER E. A. WRIGHT, JR. JOHN T. WINDRIM TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE C. W. SUMMERFIELD, Chairman BERNARD ASHBY CHARLES ELMER SMITH E. H. FLAGG, JR. N. B. KELLY WILLIAM H. McCORMICK THOMAS G. MITTEN CLAYTON E. PLATT ROY L. STALL WILLIAM R. TUCKER HORACE WILSON F. A. MacBRIDE Officers and Committees II CO-OPERATIVE TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE GEORGE W. BOYD EDSON J. WEEKS WILLIAM AUSTIN A. S. ANDERSON R. R. BOGGS H. M. BROWN J. L. CARVER A. F. CLEVELAND E. H. FLAGG. JR. F. S. GROVES M. M. HUBBERT F. V. HURCOMB S. B. ST. JOHN WILLIAM H. KATZ A. M. LONGAKER GEORGE J. LINCOLN W. M. McCONNELL THOMAS G. MITTEN S. C. MILBOURNE GORDAN G. NOBLE CHARLES S. KNOWLTON P. W. PUMMILL T. M. SHAW E. W. STRINGFIELD C. W. WESTBURY WOMEN'S COMMITTEE Honorary President MRS. RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG President MRS. SARA P. SNOWDEN MITCHELL Vice-Presidents MISS EMILY SARTAIN MRS. MARY V. GRICE MISS ANNE HOLLINGSWORTH WHARTON MRS. HARRISON S. MORRIS MRS. WALTER COPE Secretary MRS. WILLIAM LEVERETT MRS. FINLEY ACKER MRS. HERBERT E. ASHMORE MISS A. M. ARCHAMBAULT MRS. W. W. ARNETT MRS. HENRY W. BUTTERWORTH MISS EMMA BLAKISTON MISS CONSTANCE BIDDLE MISS MARY CARNELL MRS. CYRUS H. K. CURTIS MRS. MORRIS LLEWELLYN COOKE MRS. A. J. CASSATT MRS. GEORGE WENTWORTH CARR MRS. FRANK MILES DAY MISS EMMA E. DONOHUGH MRS. JOHN F. DEVELIN MRS. A. J. DALLAS DIXON MRS. BALTZER E. L. deMARE MISS FLORENCE C. FETHERSTON MRS. S. S. FELS MISS ELEANOR GOEPP MRS. AMELIA MOTT GUMMERE MISS MARY S. HOLMES MRS. WILLIAM H. HANSELL MRS. H. LaBARRE JAYNE MRS. SAMUEL B. JARDEN MRS. MORRIS JASTROW MRS. ALBA B. JOHNSON MRS. WALTER M. JAMES MISS FLORENCE KEEN MRS. E. F. KREWSON MISS ELIZABETH S. LOWRY MRS. JOHN F. LEWIS MRS. J. BERTRAM LIPPINCOTT MISS MARY W. LIPPINCOTT MRS. MARION D. LEARNED MRS. F. S. McILHENNY MISS ELISABETH McCLELLAN MRS. JOHN BACH McMASTER MRS. JOSEPH P. MUMFORD MISS LYDIE F. MURINGER MRS. CHARLES L. MITCHELL MRS. JAMES H. MORRIS MRS. W. P. MILLER MRS. JOSEPH B. McCALL MISS ELIZABETH E. MASSEY MRS. MARY RHODES NASSAU MRS. SARA LOUISA OBERHOLTZER MISS ELIZABETH OTTO MRS. IMOGEN B. OAKLEY MISS DOROTHY PRIESTMAN MRS. THOMAS POTTER, JR. MRS. ELI KIRK PRICE MRS. RICHARD PETERS MRS. CHARLES ROBERTS MISS FRANCES A. ROBERTS MRS. FRANK READ THE COUNTESS OF SANTA EULALIA MRS. OTIS SKINNER MISS MARY I. STILLE MRS. DAVID S. STETSON MRS. W. B. SHEARD MRS. CORNELIUS STEVENSON 12 The Historical Pageant WOMEN'S COMMITTEE— Continued MRS. A. M. STARR MRS. L. H. WEATHERLY MRS. WILLIAM STANSFIELD MRS. OWEN WISTER MRS. MARSHALL E. SMITH MRS. JOHN PRICE WETHERILL MRS FELIX E. SCHELLING MRS. CHURCHILL WILLIAMS MRS. CHARLEMAGNE TOWER MRS. T. WORCESTER WORRELL MRS. FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS MRS. HAROLD E. YARNALL MISS FRANCES A. WISTER COMMITTEE ON ENROLLMENT OF PERFORMERS THE COUNTESS OF SANTA EULALIA, Chairman COSTUME COMMITTEE MISS ELISABETH McCLELLAN, Chairman COMMITTEE ON CHORUS HENRY DETREUX, Chairman GRAND STAND COMMITTEE MIERS BUSCH, Chairman Officers of the Pageant 13 0iiittxi of tije ^aseant Master of the Pageant ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER Master of Color and Design CHARLES H. STEPHENS Stage Manager HENRY KABIERSKE Book of the Words FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS Master of the Music HUGH A. CLARKE Assistants in the Field WILLIAM CHAUNCY LANGDON and JOSEPH JACKSON Authority on Historical Costumes MISS ELISABETH McCLELLAN Authority on Military Subjects CHARLES M. LEFFERTS Master of the Dances ALBERT W. NEWMAN Mistress of the Wardrobe MRS. MARGARET McHENRY 14 The Historical Pageant Master of the Band SAMUEL H. KENDLE Conductor of the Chorus WILLIAM J. BOEHM Master of the Horse GENERAL W. G. PRICE Architect of the Grand Stand WILLIAM L. PRICE Architect of the Meschianza Arches JOHN J. BISSIGGER Architect of the Grand Federal Edifice WILLIAM McKEE WALTON Costume Designs CHARLES FFOULKES GUERNSEY MOORE MRS. ELI KIRK PRICE STANLEY M. ARTHURS MRS. ALICE BARBER STEPHENS ERNST F. DETTERER EMMA G. EARLENBAUGH and others Perruquier ANTHONY BOCH Special Costumes VAN HORN & SON MAKERS OF THE PAGEANT I Francis Howard Williams 2 Charles H. Stephens ( I'liDtoirrapli by I'^llis) 3 Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer (Photograph by Haeseler) 4 Henry Kabierske 5 Hugh A. Clarke The Words of the Pageant 15 W^t Morbg of tije pageant By FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS With notes and adaptations to the field by ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER, Master of the Pageant PROLOGUE INTRODUCTION The arena is a wide meadozv, zvith green banks sloping to a river. Trumpets announce the Pageant. A Herald rides tip the field and pausing, proclaims: Ye who would learn the glory of your past And form a forecast of the things to be, Give heed to this a city's trumpet-blast And see her pictured life in pageantry. A mounted knight in silver armor, typifying the spirit of exploration and adventure, silently crosses the Held. Sprites enter from ail sides and, beckoning to the east, disappear as quickly as they came. CHORUS Here where the river is breaking its heart in the ocean Shall come mighty leaders, undaunted, intrepid, Born with the mien of command and the power Far-seeing and silent. SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) The past thro' lessening vistas stretches back Till in the green of English lanes and all The lowland meadows and the Norse fiords We see the forbears of a later brawn. l6 The Historical Pageant SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) Rather the future liath the nobler view, For see ! An inward prescience opens wide The gateway of the glories yet to be — The time to come when on these banks shall rise The kindly habitations of men strong To wrest from nature life's beatitude. CHORUS Whether in memory or in forecast, here We have a mighty drama, whose large scenes Enfold the birth and nurture into strength Of a great people fashioned in God's ways To bear His banner forth. SCENE I HISTORICAL NOTE To the Dutch is accorded the honor of first visiting the waters now known as Delaware Bay. Henry Hudson, an English navigator in the Dutch service, anchored his yacht, the Halve Maan or Half Moon, at the mouth of the Bay, on August 28, i6og, before proceeding north to view the site of New Amsterdam or New York and for the ascent of the river which bears his name. That river the Dutch soon called the North River and the Delaware the South River. Another Dutch boat built at New York of only 16 tons burden, the "Onrust" or "Restless," commanded by Captain Hendrickson visited the Delaware in the summer of 1615. The first Dutchmen to attempt a settle- ment on the South River were members of a party brought here by Captain Cornelis Jacobsen Mey, (whence Cape May) in 1623 or 1624. He came to the present site of Gloucester, N. J., and erected a stockade fort there, called Fort Nassau, which was the stronghold of the Dutch in the southern parts of the colony of New Netherland for many years. It was in sight of the forests of Passaiung, Wicaco and Coquanoc. In a year or two the small colony which was planted here disappeared. The settlers and fur traders of which it was composed made their way to their friends on Man- hattan Island. A number of the directors of the Dutch West India Company soon formed a syndicate to possess themselves of and utilize the lands of the South River. They constituted themselves patroons or feudal chiefs of the country, and with a view to actual colonization engaged the services of David Pietersen de Vries of Hoorn. He was a skipper who had lately returned from a long cruise to the East Indies. The first expedition made up of a sloop and a yacht under command of Captain Peter Heyse came out in 1631. De Vries did not accompany it. The party landed in a creek called Hoern Kill, presumably in honor of Hoorn in Holland, soon corrupted into Hoerkill or Horekill, now Lewes Creek, in lower Delaware state. Here a house was erected and surrounded with palisades. It was named Fort Oplandt and the little settlement was called Swaannendael (the vale or valley of the swans). The principal objects of the colonists were fur trading with the Indians, particularly in beaver skins which then abounded, and fishing for whales, then very plentiful in the bay and river. De Vries says that the colony numbered two and thirty men. They set up a column bearing the arms of Holland on a piece of tin. Some of the Indian sachems tore down this ernblem and converted the tin into tobacco pipes. This or other incidents led to ill feeling and a few months after it was established the entire colony was extirpated. De Vries was about to start for America with a second expedition when news reached him of the massacre. He came on undeterred by his discouraging advices, and arrived before the half burned remains of Fort Oplandt early in 1633. The Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians who frequented the river banks, were at the time at war with the Mengwe or Minquas or Mingoes, a more militant tribe settled in Maryland and in the Susquehanna country. (I'hotograph by N'auyhan ami l'"rascr. Sail Francisco) Mrs. Rudolph Blankenburg The Words of the Pageant 17 CAST OF CHARACTERS David Pietersen De Vries, skipper and patroon of Ploorn. Heyndrick de Liefde, his cousin, of Rotterdam. Peter Heyse, of Edam, captain of the sloop Wah-us. GiLLiss Hosset, commissary. Colonists, with mastiff, cattle, etc. Soldiers and sailors with guns from the sloop. Indian sachems — Sannoowouns, Wiewit, Pemhacke, Mekowetick, Mathomen, Sacook, Anchoopoen, Janquens, Pokahake, Sakimas, Zeepentor, etc. The scene represents the landing of the Dutch colonists on the Delan'ure. The Dutch and the Indians mingle upon the held. CHORUS See how the Lenni Lcnape make friends with the white men. Trusting with faith in the faith of a stranger. Haply not always doth Peace spread her wings so benignly, When men of one race come together to barter and struggle In life's competition. Behold, through the greening A bold sailor cometh, De Vries the intrepid. The scene becomes a)iiiiiated. It represents the settlement of Swaannendael on the Horekill or Lezves Creek. The Dutch are planting their colony. Men are seen building huts and carrying utensils and materials. Songs of old Hol- land are sung. A band of Indians enter and salute ivith cries of "Itah!" They join the Dutch in making merry. Captain Heyse gives them schnapps which they drink and call it "Hre water." He tells them that the stockade shall be called Fort Oplandt and the settlement Szmannendael. He and Hosset raise a column on zvhich is placed a large tin sign bearing the Dutch arms. CHORUS Soon shall the clouds gather ominous, dark and forbidding, Soon shall the peace pipe be smoked for the last time, Soon shall come discord and blood. While the Indians play reed pipes and tambourines in their frolic, the Dutch give their attention to the river and move off tozvard the bank. One of the cliiefs removes the tin containing the painted arms of Holland and begins to break it up. Soon De Vries and a company of sailors in military order advance up the bank accompanied by Heyse and his company. They meet the chiefs, who seat themselves with the Dutch in a circle. The pipe of peace is smoked and the Dutch are seen paying for the land in mercliandise of various kinds. As the negotiations draw to an end, the troops inarch in and occupy Fort Oplandt. The Indians ob- serve them closely and begin to manifest signs of suspicion and discontent. 1 8 The Historical Pageant Heyse draws De Vries' attention to the missing arms. The tin is discorered in a crumpled condition on the ground. The pipe of peace is broken and the Indians leave hurriedly. The whites get unthin the palisades. Armed men are seen preparing for defence. Soon there is heard the zvar-whoop of the Lenni Lenape. They rush in and attack the fort. There is a sharp musketry fire from the palisades which are finally assaulted by the Indians. The Indians carry the defences, and sounds of massacre are heard from within. De Vries is seen at the side of the fort, giving directions to a horseman. De Vries. — Ride for thy life to the friendly tribe of the Minquas. Tell them we perish at the hands of their foes — the tribe of the Delawares. They are bounden to us by treaty, and will come forthwith to our aid. Now ride — ride for thy life, and God speed thee. The horseman dashes off and disappears through the greenery. Meanwhile the Lenni Lenape set fire to the fort, zvhich is soon burned to the ground. A ivar dance and a ivild chant of znctory follozu. An occasional musket shot from be- hind the palisades. Sounds of wailing and cries from imthin. Finally a commotion is heard. A band of Minquas rushes in and attacks the Lenni Lenape. A furious battle ensues. The Dutch and Minquas vanquish the Lenni Lenape, who are driven from the field, dead and zvounded being left upon the ground. The men of De Vries' party saily from the ruins of the for^t. SCENE II HISTORICAL NOTE A leading influence in the organization and direction of the Dutch West India Company, William Usselinx, involved himself in disagreements with his associates and laid proposals for a new company before the great Gustavus Adolphus. As a result, the Swedish West India Company was formed in 1624. Because of the King's con- tinental wars the plans of the promoter rested for several years. In 1632 Gustavus Adolphus fell on the battlefield of Lutzen, leaving the government in the hands of his little daughter Christina and his chancellor Oxenstierna. The company at length made its arrangements for the colonization of the lands which the Dutch company had been endeavoring to put to some use. Peter Minuit, who had been Director General of New Netherland at New Amsterdam from 1626 until 1632, familiar with conditions on the North and South Rivers, was employed to head an expedition to America. He fitted up two ships, the Kalmar Nyckel (Key of Kalmar) and the Grip (Griffin). With soldiers colonists, cattle, implements and provisions on board, they reached the South River after various adventures and delays early in 1638. The crews were half Swedish and half Dutch. The colonists, too, were divided in their national origin and fealty. The Dutch had by this time re-occupied Fort Nassau at or near the present Gloucester, N J. They forbade the Swedes to ascend the river beyond this point. They protested against Swedish settlement at any place on either bank of the great river, within the boundaries of what they were pleased to call New Netherland. Minuit, however, entered Minquas Kill, renaming it Christina, known to this day as Christiana or Christeen Creek. When up about two and a half miles from its mouth he disembarked at "The Rocks" on the site of the present city of Wilmington, and built stockades which with solemn ceremony he christened Fort Christina. Here he planted his colony. In a few months he set sail for home by way of the West Indies, leaving about 25 soldiers and settlers behind him. The Words of the Pageant 19 CAST OF CHARACTERS Peter Minuit, late of the Dutch West India Company, now director of the Swedish West India Company's expedition to the South River. Mans Kling, in command of the soldiery. Hendrick Huygen, commissary. Jacob Evertssen Sandelin"! ^soldiers. Andres Lucassen J Jan Hendricksen, skipper on the Kalmar Nyckel. Michel Symonssen, first mate. Andrian Joransen, skipper on the Grip. Rev, Reorus Torkillus, the first preacher in New Sweden. Jan Jansen, Governor Kieft's representative at Fort Nassau. Mattahoon, Mitatsimint and ether Indian chieftains. Soldiers, seamen and colonists from the two Swedish ships. Dutchmen on the staff of Jan Jansen from Fort Nassau. CHORUS Now come to these shores the hardy Swedes ; Here do they found their town of Christina, Planting the name of a Queen in the Western domain. Ready to fight for the right with the Hollander, Bringing the brawn of their race to the struggle with nature. Bringing their honest endeavor to build up a colony Strong and enduring. As the Chorus is chanting, the scene is changed to represent the settlement of Fort Christina. Meantime the tiring of cannon is heard in the direction of the river. The Indians run douni the bank and for a little time disappear from view. They return laden with presents in token of further purchases of lands. The Swedes now march up the bank and plant posts on ivhich are the letters "C.R.S." (Christina Regina Sueciae.) Torkillus preaches to the people briefly and bids them kneel. Jan Jansen and his men enter. Jansen. — In the name of Governor Kieft, the representative of their High Mightinesses of the States General of Holland, I protest against the planting of any foreign colony in New Netherland. This land is the property of the Dutch by fair purchase sealed with their blood. (Addressing Minuit) On you will fall the blame for all future mishaps, damages, losses, disturbances and bloodshed. Minuit maintains a polite but unyielding attitude, and the Dutch withdraw in the direction in zvhich they came. Minuit. — Under the protection of the great princess, virgin and elected Queen of the Swedes, Goths and Wends, I christen this land New Sweden. Under the protection of her gracious majesty, I name this fort Qiristina. The Swedish arms are now placed upon the palisades and a Szvedish Hag is raised upon a pole inside the works. 20 The Historical Pageant SCENE III HISTORICAL NOTE The Swedes are scarcely seated under Dutch protest when English colonists arrive from New Haven. Their coming is of course unwelcome to both Dutch and Swedes. The English claims based upon early voyages covered the entire coast. Lord De la Warre was thought to have come into the bay, as was Samuel Argall, a later governor of Virginia. Possibly they may have done so. Anyhow, the Virginians and later the English everj'where attached De la Warre's name to the baj' and the river flowing into it. Casual and intermittent efforts had been made by English shipmasters to trade with the Indians and to found settlements, but the first important movement to this end was that directed by a so-called Delaware Company in which George Lamberton, Nathaniel Turner and others were interested persons. Like the Dutch and Swedes, they purchased lands from the Indians, at first on the east side of the Delaware at the Varkin's Kill and a little later on the river which the Dutch called the Schuylkill. Some twenty families of 60 persons — traders and tobacco planters from New Haven — were brought into the river. The Swedish settlement at Fort Christina had been increased in April. 1640, by the arrival of a second expedition under Peter Hollandaer Ridder and by a third in November of that year under Joost van Bogaert. Ridder on his side in behalf of the Swedes and Jansen still in command of Fort Nassau for the Dutch, expelled the English on the Schuylkill and burnt their store house and dwellings in 1642. CAST OF CHARACTERS George Lamberton ] ^ r ^1 -n, 1 /- _ Vagents of the Delaware Company. Nathaniel Turner j Robert Coxwell, planter and seaman. English colonists of both sexes, and a few Indians. Swedes under Ridder and van Bogaert. Dutch under Jansen. The scene slwics Lambertoii's blockhouse on the Schuylkill. IVhilc the Eng- lish are at zvork on the surronnding lands, Ridder and van Bogaert appear with a party of Swedes from Fort Christina. Van Bogaert. — What is that standard there, right worthy Governor? Ridder. — That is an English ensign, as I'm alive. Van Bogaert. — And here, beside this fine stream that empties itself into the great river like a flagon of wine down the throat of a Dutchinan. Ridder. — In truth. They call it in their own tongue the Schuylkill, because a dunderhead of a Dutcli seaman passed it by without seeing its mouth. W^hat say you, van Bogaert, to English neighbors ? By this time Lamberton and other Englishmen have come out to meet the Szvedish party, which delivers its protest in the name of their queen. Jan Jansen, leading a Dutch party, is seen to approach, lie is surprised to find the Swedes on the ground but also protests. Lamberton. — This river is the Delaware. Jansen. — This is the Zuydt River. Ridder. — This land is New Sweden. The English (shouting angrily). — Indeed it is not! This is New Albion! Jansen and His Men. — New Netherland ! The Words of the Pageant 21 The Dutch and Szi'edes agree together to expel the E)iglish, and drive a^ pitiful cavalcade without resistance into the ivood. They then set fire to the blockhouse. But the union is not for long. Some one shouts "Mew Sweden!" Another shouts "Netv Netherland!" and zwth these zvords often repeated, they disappear from the field in opposite directions. Some Indians xvho have been wit- nessing the scene from the brush now come forward in great glee at the prospect of conflict bctzi'cen the different groups of zvhite invaders. SCENE IV HISTORICAL NOTE Dutch and Swedes continued their mutual claims upon the river. The Swedes strengthened their position in 1643 when they sent out a new governor, Johan Printz, a cavalry officer — a good soldier, a tactful diplomat, and with it all an ostentatious, a rich and a successful colonial adventurer. His wife and children and a considerable number of Swedish soldiers accompanied him, and he at once began a campaign for the extension of the sphere of Swedish influence on the Delaware. Two vessels made up his expedition, the Fama and the Swan, which reached the Delaware in January, 1643. Fort Christina was too far removed from the Delaware to be useful in the control of the navigation of the river, and almost immediately the construction of a new fort was begun at a point well south of Christina on the east side of the river. This work was called New Elfsborg. Printz himself pressed up the river toward the Schuylkill and built a fine residence called Printz Hall on Tinicum Island. Here he lived in a good deal of splendor, considering the restrictions of the time. The Dutch looked on anxiously, but there were Dutch settlers in New Sweden and some Swedes doubtless in New Netherland. Both were in dread of the English whose intermittent incursions continued. The Dutch opposition ended with protest but other days approached. In 1645 Andries Hudde superseded Jan Jansen as commissary at Fort Nassay (Gloucester) beyond which no Swedish boat might go without being fired upon. In 1647 Governor Kieft's place at New Amsterdam was taken by a vigorous administrator, Peter Stuy- vesant. Disturbed by what Printz had done on the South River, particularly in lock- ing up the Schuylkill, the Dutch in 1648 built a fort on the north side of the Schuylkill near its mouth, called Fort Beversreede, because its object was to control the beaver trade on that river. Printz erected a block house directly in front of the new fort with a view to rendering it useless. His course was so insistent that it was to be borne no longer, and in 1651 the Dutch came around from New Amsterdam in force and constructed a fort on the west side of the river below Christina and north of the stockade at Elfsborg. They named it Fort Casimir, and they transferred to this place the garrison and the cannon which had defended Fort Nassau. Meantime, Printz had appealed again and again, but always vainly, to the Swedish government for reinforce- ments. Unable to be of further use, as he believed, he departed the colony after an administration of ten years, in 1653, taking a number of colonists with him. He left New Sweden in charge of his son-in-law Johan Papegoja. After the party had gone and some deserters to other colonies had been subtracted from the population, it is estimated that only about seventy souls remained in New Sweden. The number was soon increased by a couple of hundred upon the arrival of a new governor, John Classon Rising. His policy was militant. Coming up before Fort Casimir he demanded its surrender, which was soon efifected, on Trinity Sunday, 1654, for which reason its name was changed to Fort Trefaldighet (Fort Trinity). Stuyvesant immediately made arrangements to avenge the high-handed act and in 1655 returned to the Delaware with a fleet of sufficient size to retake Fort Casimir and advance upon Fort Christina, which also fell. The Dutch were now supreme upon the Delaware and remained so until the conquest of New Netherland by the English in 1664. 3 ^2.2 The Historical Pas^eant CAST OF CHARACTERS In Arrwing Party: JOHAN Printz, the Swedish Governor, an immense man whom the Indians called "the big tub" (De Vries said that he weighed over 400 pounds — "over de vierhundret pondt woeg"). Madame Printz, the Governor's wife, who was Maria von Linnestau. Armegot Printz, later Madame Papegoja"" ►daughters of the Governor. Catherine Printz Christina Printz Elsa Printz GuNiLLA Printz Gustaf Printz, the Governor's son Captain Sven Skute, first in command under Printz. Rev. John Campanius (Holm.) Printz's chaplain. Gregorius van Dyck. Other Swedish officers. In Receiving Party: Governor Peter Hollender Ridder. Lieutenant Mans Kling. Joost van Langdonk, Commissary. Joran Olsson, Provost Marshal. Rev. Reorus Torkillus, the preacher of the colony. A barber surgeon, swineherds, planters, soldiers, carpenters, and Indians. Dutch under Sir Peter Stuyvesant and Andries Hudde, who had taken Jansen's place as commissary at Fort Nassau. CHORUS Minuit passes and another comes More powerful, more full of state, withal More conscious of the dignity wherewith His sovereign hath endowed him. Comes Printz the soldier to administer The civil law to all who dwell within New Sweden's bounds. The scene shoivs the arrival of Printz's party at Fort Christina early in the year J64J. As they are sighted the soldiers in the fort raise the Swedish flag and Hre a salute. The Rev. Reorus Torkillus gathers his little flock around him and they sing a psalm as they go dozvn to meet their country-people. There are shouts of welcome, handshakings, a waving of handkerchiefs cmd banners. In- dians peep out from behind the trees. Printz adz'ances ivith his wife and children around him, attended by an escort of brilliantly uniformed Stvedish soldiers, a trumpeter and a drummer. They move up to the front of the fleld. A few In- dians come to greet them. A party of Dutch are seen to advance also. The Words of the Pageant 23 Printz. — What's he that comes yonder without the invitation of the royal gov- ernor of New Sweden ? RiDDER. — They are Dutchmen, your excellency, and they may, methinks, come hither on no good errand. 'Tis well for them to see this goodly company of well-armed men. Printz. — (To Huddc, who leads) What would you here in the midst of our thanksgiving? Do you come as true subjects of her Royal Majesty and honest colonists? HuDDE. — (Cravenly, ordering his Hag to he furled) We come to give you wel- come and to ask your aid against the English. Printz. — (Haughtily) Then you may go. For my aid is for neither Dutch nor Englishmen. The Dutch unthdraw in no good humor. Some of the Szvedish colonists follozv them and there is scuMing ivith their rear guard as they again unfurl their flag and retire through the wood. Prints and his party now pass off the field Some of the Sivedes return and meet an advancing party of Dutchmen under Sir Peter Stuyvesant, Governor of New Netherland. A general engagement, in which the Indians have a part, follouKs. Wailing music is heard as all the characters pass off the field. Suddenly the Chorus bursts into triumphal harmonies, alternated with the minor chords of the Semi-Chorus. CHORUS Farewell to the era of terrible conflict ! All hail to the spirit of peace that approaches ! I SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) Alas ! The blood — the sacrifice. Alas ! The fear. H SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) He comes the bearer of a message fair. Sent by the Prince of Peace. I SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) See how the field lies sodden with the dead. II SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) From this sad sowing shall there yet arise A harvest of great deeds. 24 The Historical Pageant EPISODE I SCENE I HISTORICAL NOTE William Penn, the son of an English admiral, Sir William Penn, was born in 1644. Much against his father's will he early embraced the religion of George Fox, and became a Quaker, suffering the social ostracism and the legal persecutions which were the portion of this sect and of adherents of other dissenting faiths under the Stuarts. Penn's father died in 1670. A considerable sum was due him from the crown in loans and arrears of pay in the naval service of the kingdom. The son had in view the founding of an asylum for his fellow-Quakers and to further this object at length agreed with Charles II and his brother the Duke of York, afterward James II, to take a tract of wild American land in liquidation of the debt. For obligations in the sum of f 16,000 he was given a piece of country beyond the seas "lying north from Mary- land — bounded on the east by the Delaware River, on the west limited as Maryland and northward to extend as far as plantable," containing when its bounds were further defined over 40,000 square miles, an area therefore greater than Ireland and almost as great as that of England itself. The charter was signed at Westminster on March 4, 1681. The king christened the country Pennsylvania, that is, "the sylvan land of Penn," but not without protest from the new proprietor, who became reconciled to the name only because the prefix "pen" signified in the Welsh language a headland. Pennsylvania might mean then "the high or head woodlands." He early planned "a capital city," a "great town." It was to be a "greene country town which will never be burnt and always wholesome." He resolved that it should be called Philadelphia, no doubt suggested by passages in Revelation which refer to Philadelphia in the province of Lydia in Asia Minor. The place was the seat of an early Christian con- gregation and the name signifies brotherly or sisterly love. Soon after he had received his charter, Penn sent his cousin, William Markham, to his colony to prepare it for settlement. A temporary capital was established at Upland (Chester) and three com- missioners, and later Thomas Holme, a surveyor, were despatched to plat Philadelphia, and the surrounding country. Penn himself arranged to follow in the autumn of 1682. He embarked at Deal with about one hundred companions, mostly Quakers, in the Welcome, a ship of 300 tons burden. It came inside the Delaware Capes, the ship's list much decimated by small pox, on October 24, 1682, and five days later was riding at anchor before Upland. Well founded tradition has it that Penn with several asso- ciates came up the Delaware and landed at the Blue Anchor Inn at Dock Creek, that is at the foot of the present Dock Street, early in November. Here he met some of the settlers who were already on the ground, the Swedes resident in Wicaco, and many Indians with whom, legend informs us, he played like a boy. He at once or a little later gave them presents in propitiation and friendship and concluded treaties, one of which tradition locates upon the ground under an elm in Shackamaxon, which is now Kensington. CAST OF CHARACTERS In Landing Party: William Penn. Captain William Markham, his cousin, who met him at Upland. Robert Wade, of Upland. Dr. Thomas Wynne, the Welsh Quaker physician, who accompanied Penn on the Welcome. Ten or twelve other passengers of the Welcome, including David Ogi>I';n, Nicholas Waln, Thomas Fitzwater and John Fisher. MEMBERS OF THE WOMEN'S COMMITTEE I Mrs. Sara Louisa Oberholtzer (Photosraph by Ilaescler) 2 Miss A. Margaretta Archambault (Photograph by Marceau) 3 Countess of Santa Eulalia 4 Mrs. Amelia Mott Gummere 5 Mrs. Francis Howard Williams MEMBERS OF THE WOMEN'S COMMITTEE I Mrs. Mary V. Grice ( I'ln ito^rapli by Marccau) 2 Miss Mary I. Stille 3 Mrs. Sara P. Snowden Mitchell ( Photograph by Mary Carnell) 4 Mrs. Henry W. Butterworth (Photograph by Marceau) 5 Miss Mary Carnell The Words of the Pageant 25 In Receiving Party: Thomas Holme, the surveyor-general of Pennsylvania. John Bezar ^ Nathaniel Allen > Commissioners. William Haige J Captain William Dare, "mine host" at the Blue Anchor Inn. Thomas Fairman, of Shackamaxon. Daniel Pegg, whose farm lay on the banks of Cohoquinoque or Pcgg's Run. William Warner, who lived west of the Schuylkill, from Blockley, England, a name which he gave to the township in which he made his new home. John Mifflin and his son John, founders of the Mifflin family in America, who were early on the ground. John Drinker, the "first-born" and his parents. He lived to be 102 years of age, or until 1783. Franklin, when asked in England to what age men lived in America replied that he could not tell "until old Drinker died." Rev. Jacob Fabritius, of the Swedish Giurch of Wicaco, of whom Wliittier wrote, "from Finland's birchen groves exiled Manly in thought, in simple ways a child, His white hair floating round his visage mild." Other Swedes from Wicaco, frontier adventurers from the caves on the river bank, sailors and Indians. The arena represents the meadoiv lands at the mouth of Dock Creek around the Blue Anchor Inn, overlooking the tall forest trees of Coquanoc, the Indian name for what catne to he Philadelphia. CHORUS Across the space of storied years, Through all the purpling mists of Time, A voice is wafted to our ears, A figure in the invigored prime Of noble manhood meets our gaze. As back our longing eyes are turned To find, within the vanished days, The heights where Freedom's beacon burned. And these, like benedictions, rest Upon our lives, a dower divine, A heritage benignly blest; Great Founder! Voice and form are thine. We see thee, as, like one apart — Quaker and soldier aptly blent — Of truth of soul and strength of heart Thou stoodst the fair embodiment. 26 The Historical Pageant We hear thee as thy message fell — The evangel of a holier creed — More lofty than the organ's swell, More potent than the conqueror's deed. Like Him who brought the heavenly dower Of peace on earth, good will towards men, Thou camest on savage heads to shower A blessing, O immortal Penn ! Thine was the blood of truest dye That scoffed at Fortune's cap and bells, — The soul that could not stoop to lie Nor soil the house where honor dwells. Thine, only thine, the faith to keep The pathway that the Master trod. Remembering that, tho' Justice sleep. Her head rests in the lap of God. No city's sumptuous portals reared Shall dull our hearts, no greatness drown Remembrance of the love which cheered The toil of thy green country town. And round thy memory we were fain To weave a wreath of flowers fair. From every hill and every plain Kissed by the tides of Delaware. As the Chorus finishes, figures are seen landing from a pinnace, and coming vp through the greenery. William Penn is in the lead, accompanied by William Markhatn, Robert Wade, Thomas Wynne and others. As they advance, Holme, the commissioners, Fairman, Warner, Pegg, Fabritius and the others go forziKird. The Indians look on at the scene. Penn. — {After surveying the scene, addressing Markham) Thou hast done well, Cousin Markham. Thou hast chosen a right excellent site for our greene country town as I bade thee do. Holme. — Beyond there where thou seest that great tree is the High Street and going out its lengtli thou wilt come to the Broad Street. Penn. — All is well. 'Tis fair and seemly ground for my capital city. You all have served me to my good satisfaction. Ah {in surprise and delight as he sees John Drinker, a babe in the arms of its mother) a child here in my wilderness? Markham. — In sooth. Cousin William. Born on this ground in yonder cabin rising two years since. The Words of the Pageant 27 Penn. — May God give thee his blessing, my young Pennsylvanian. Love thy mother who will breed thee up dutiful to the Lord. {Fahritins and some Stvedes appear, their hats in their hands.) Penn. — {To Fabritius) Thou mayest put on thy hat good man. I am come to be one of you, not to rule as a lord over you. To the natives, too, whose dark skins hide good hearts, I come as a friend. What canst thou and I do here, Thomas {addressing Dr. Thomas Wynne, his companion on the Welcome) to show forth our good disposition toward these people? Wynne. — I wot not, William. They seem scarce in our image. Mayhap God tried us sore of pestilence on our way hither but to prove our souls and fit us better for the making of thy holy experiment. Penn. — Thomas, thou'rt as good a preacher as thou'rt a skilful leech. Penn mingles with the Indians, sitting down on the ground beside them, leaping ivith them in play, aiming an arrozv from one of their bozvs, giving them a sash which he takes from his person and sending for gifts, zvhich are brought in chests. They are soon filled with delight. The Indians go out and bring in skins and corn. They call Penn "Onas." An interpreter appears. Penn. — {To interpreter.) Tell them that I know no religion that destroys cour- tesy, civility and kindness. I have come to put an end to enmity and dis- pute. My policy shall be openness and love and peace. The Indiafis hear what is translated and communicated to them in their ozvn tongue with marks of approval. The Interpreter. — They say, "We will live in peace with Onas and his children so long as the sun and moon endure." The Indians ivith great noise "say Amen in their way." Penn. — {To those grouped around him.) My dear friends, God hath given me this new land in the face of the world. He will bless and make it the seed of a nation. They move off, the Indiafis in one direction, the English and Swedes in another. 28 The Historical Paseant SCENE II HISTORICAL NOTE William Penn returned to England in 1684 and he was not destined to revisit his colony on the Delaware for fifteen years. Meanwhile much had happened to him personally as well as to England. The pleasure-loving Charles II had died to make way for his brother the Duke of York, who ascended the throne as James II. His infamies, which Macaulay so graphically describes, led to the Revolution of 1688 and the accession of William and Mary. Mary died in 1694 and William III would rule alone until his death in 1702, to be followed by her sister Anne. Penn's wife, the beloved Gulielma Maria Springett, died in 1694 and his favorite son Springett at the threshold of young manhood followed his mother to the grave in 1696. In that year Penn contracted a second marriage, his choice this time falling upon the daughter of a Quaker merchant in Bristol, Hannah Callowhill. In 1699 when he again set out for his colony she and his daughter by his first wife, Letitia or "Tishe," as he affectionately called her, accompanied him. He came before Philadelphia in his ship the "Canterbury" on December 3, 1699, and the "greene country towne" and his estate on the Delaware, Pennsbury, which had been fitted up for him in his absence, were to be his home for nearly two years. His departure was taken in November, 1701, and he was destined never to return to his province. In the more than fifteen years which had elapsed since his first visit many of the supports and pillars of the colony had been removed by death. Others had come forward to take their places. Philadelphia may have had a population of 3000 or 4000. It boasted of shops and inns, a brew- house or two, brick-kilns, rope-walks and a few other industries. Some commodious homes had been erected near the river side, but the houses for the most part were wooden cabins. The Quaker element predominated but a group of men faithful to the Church of England had gathered here and made themselves quite hostile to Penn and the Friends. The Welsh, some of whom had come with Penn in the Welcome, increased in number. Many families from Wales had settled in the so-called "Welsh Tract" beyond the Schuylkill, in Merion, Radnor and Haverford, and pressed on into Chester county. German sectarians had begun to arrive. The first of these to enter the colony reached Pennsylvania under Pastorius while Penn was here during his first visit, and settled in Germantown: this was the beginning of a strong tide of immigration from Germany, which reached proportions alarming to the English element in the first half of the eighteenth century. A number of odd German mystics under John Kelpius had established a community on the "Ridge" in the dark fastnesses of the Wissahickon. The Scotch Irish who were destined to come in such numbers at a somewhat later date to people the frontier counties were already seen in the city. In short, Pennsylvania had come to fulfill its founder's purpose: it was a haven for the oppressed in conscience of many national roots. Before his departure in 1701 Penn gave the colony a new charter of privileges and the city a charter for its government, both of which continued in force until the Revolutionary War. CAST OF CHARACTERS William Penn. Hannah Callowhill Penn, his wife. Letitia Penn, his daughter. Andrew Hamilton, the new Governor. William Markham, now Colonel Markham, several times Deputy Governor. James Logan, a young Irishman who came with Penn on his second visit and remained here to represent the Penn interests faithfully until his death. Edward Shippen, Councillor and ]\Iayor. Samuel Carpenter, Councillor and merchant. ("The Stephen Girard of his day in wealth and the William Sansom in the improvements he suggested and the edifices which he built." — Watson) Thomas Story, Councillor and City Recorder. Costume Study For British Drummer 40th Regiment By Charles M. Lefferts -Aldermen. The Words of the Pageant 29 Phineas Pemberton >, Griffith Owen lother Councillors. Caleb Pusey J JosiAH Carpenter Griffith Jones Anthony Morris Thomas Masters Isaac Norris. Jonathan Dickinson. William Trent, who founded Trenton. Thomas Wharton. William Hudson. Toby Leech. Robert Assheton. Joseph Growden. Humphrey Morrey. Nicholas Waln. Francis Rawle. John Cadwalader. Thomas Fairman, and otlier citizens. Robert Quarry, John Moore, King's agents, and other Church of England men hostile to Penn. A group of English colonists of both sexes. A group of Welsh colonists. A group of Swedes from Wicaco, Passyunk and Moyamensing, headed by their priests. A group of Germans headed by Francis Daniel Pastorius and William Rit- tenhouse. Mystics from the "Ridge." Indians. The scene is the wide and grassy space used as a market place at Second and High Streets. CHORUS The law of love doth work its perfect will : The savage breast beneath its touch grows still, And to the brawls of Hollander and Swede The "Quaker King's" mild order shall succeed. And peace and justice shall the measure fill, Translating promise to immortal deed And founding empire in simplicity. 30 The Historical Pageant The Scene opens zvith the arrhal of the Welsh to Welsh music. These are follozved by the Germans and the Szi'edish people in groups. Indians enter and join the crozvd. The English citizenry then make their appearance on the scene, and following them come Penn, his wife and daughter, Logan and a retinue, all mounted. Their "creatures" are hitched to trees or held by boys and young men on the outskirts of the crozvd zvhich has gathered to zmtness th^ piib^ lication of the charter of priznleges of the colony and the city charter. Penn.— (To Logan) I have had the wish to see the great charter of the prov- ince published ere I go home. I bid thee draw the people around us, James. (The groups drazv near and mingle.) Penn. — (To the multitude) ]\Iy wish that Pennsylvania should be an asylum for the stricken by God's blessing is being fulfilled. I hereby grant you, my people, a new frame of government which I am hopeful will be for your well-being. Some religions persecute, mine forgives. Whoever is in the wrong, those who use force in religion can never be in the right. There- fore, I, William Penn, proprietary and governor of the province of Penn- sylvania, by virtue of the King's letters patent, again confirm my grant to vou all of freedom of conscience as to your religious profession and wor- ship under one Almighty God — the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the world. The councillors drazv n-ear and receive the parchment. Penn (continuing). — To you who are of my dear Philadelphia, I grant further this charter for your government. Your town and borough shall be a city. Virgin settlement of this province, named before thou wert born, what love, what care, what service and what travail has there been to bring thee forth and preserve thee from such as would abuse and defile thee. O ! that thou mayst be kept from the evil that would overwhelm thee; that, faithful to the God of thy mercies in the life of righteousness, thou mayst be preserved to the end. The Mayor and Aldermen receive the scroll representing the City Charter. CHORUS Justice and Mercy and Love: Love of each man for his brother, Philos-Adelphos, fit motto of them who establish Here on the banks of the swift-flowing rivers Deep the foundations of Penn's noble city. The Words of the Pageant 31 I SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) Dim in the mystical past, in far Lydia, Men reared the walls of a wonderful city ; Weaving their motto of Philos-Adelphos into their covenant,- Naming the work of their hands Philadelphia, — Philos-Adelphos, — brotherly love. II SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) Philos-Adelphos, — a phrase of the ages, — Now in this western dominion renascent. Here on the banks of the Delaware born again Into a grandeur which through coming centuries Swiftly shall dwarf all the dreams of fair Lydia — Fair Philadelphia — city of Penn. CHORUS Behold a city where a forest stood, Behold the reign of Equity begun, Farewell the Founder of a Mighty state And hail an empire based on Equity. 32 The Historical Pageant EPISODE II HISTORICAL NOTE The differences between England and her American Colonies reached an angry stage in 1765 when the Stamp Act was passed, and she asserted the right of taxing them for her support. Benjamin Franklin had gone abroad to represent the province in London in 1757. He returned in 1762 but went out again as the colonial agent in 1764 to remain away for ten years. He was appealed to on the subject of the Stamp Act, but his protests were unavailing. The Philadelphians when the stamp paper arrived refused to permit it to be landed or sold. The merchants signed the "Non Importation Resolutions," pledging themselves not to trade with Great Britain until the ofifensive law should be repealed, as it was in the following year. In 1767, however, the ministry reasserted its right to make levies upon the colonists in a law relating to paper, glass, tea, etc. The duties on these articles with the exception of tea, were abolished in 1770 but without mollifying the public resentment. The people resolved to use no tea. At length in 1773 the East India Company was authorized to send a number of cargoes to America. Town meetings were held to declare that they should not be received. It was announced in October that the Polly, Captain Ayres, would bring the tea to Philadelphia. It was principally consigned to two solid Quaker firms, Thomas and Isaac Wharton and James and Drinker, who were asked to resign their offices as the stamp master had been, and promptly did so. Captain Ayres was threatened with tar and feathers by a mob. In the midst of the excitement an express arrived to announce that in Boston the tea had been thrown into the harbor. At last the "Polly" entered the Delaware. A committee went out to meet the Captain and he was brought up to the city. He was told that he must send his ship down the river on the next tide. He himself might remain in town until the next day, but only for the purpose of replenishing his stores for the return voyage to England. When he had learned of the temper of the people he complied wrlh the best grace he could command, and quiet returned for a little while to the city and the colony. CAST OF CHARACTERS Thomas Willing John Dickinson Dr. Benjamin Rush Robert Morris William Bradford Thomas Mifflin Charles Thomson I Citizens. Provost William Smith George Clymer Joseph Reed Samuel Powel John Nixon Thomas Fitzsimmons Elizabeth Drinker. Lydia Darragh. Mary Pemberton. Martha James. Margaret Morris. Rebecca James, a young girl. Thomas Wharton. Herald of the Knights of the Blended Rose Meschianza Scene Prize Drawing by Miss E. Babcock Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts The Words of the Pageant 33 Abel James. Deborah Franklin. Sarah Franklin Bache. Cafivmn Ayres, of the tea ship Polly. Pickle Herring, a clown, and other Fair Day characters. A crowd numbering about 300 persons. CHORUS Behold ! the sun is mounting to his noon : The city grows apace ; Yet Peace begins to pale and all too soon Shall veil her radiant face, — Shall veil for weary years her radiant face. The arena represents the market place at the time of the Autumn Fair — October, i^JS- ^ P^^^^ train and some cozvs zvith bells are seen. In the fore- ground Fair-day stalls and a mob tn'hich comes in in parties from both sides of the field, and in rvhieh may be seen types of citizens both rich and poor: — beaux and belles on horseback; German country girls on horses zvith panniers; Indians dancing and capering; paupers, Fair-day characters, a clozvn (Pickle Herring, Zi'ell knozim at the time in the colonies), gingerbread men, piemen, Punch-and- Judy shozvmen, some British soldiers of the Royal Irish Regiment (i8th) from the Barracks, Quakers, etc. Charles Thomson. — (To Bradford) It seems that our Dr. Franklin is making but little progress in regard to our weighty matters in England. Bradford. — From the news I had but now at the Coffee House, I well believe that his success hath been but middling. Rush. — Thou meanest about the detestable tea scheme. The drink made from that East Indian weed is assuredly now not often seen in this part of the King's dominion. I commend to my patients, mother of thyme with a little hyssop or some peppermint and yarrow. They brew as well. "Tea, how I tremble at the baneful name. Like Lethe fatal to the love of fame." Morris (coming up). — The affair is no subject for jest and it's like to come to a bitter end. I hear the ministry hath allowed the East India Company to despatch several cargoes of tea hither on which the tax is to be paid. Thomson. — That it will not be if my ears make correct report. Mifflin. — What hast thou heard? Thomson. — That the tea is to be sent back to England whence it comes. It shall get no landing here. The Whartons and Abel James have promised not to receive it. The Delaware pilots are threatened if they bring up the ship. Dickinson. — I trust all may be done without violence. Willing. — Yet must we keep our dignity, come what may. The tea may follow the stamps, say I. Taxation without representation I hold in abhorrence. 34 The Historical Pageant Morris. — It is not to be thought on. The resolutions passed at the meeting in the State House yard were definite enough. The action of the ministry is a violent attack upon the liberties of America. Pickle Herring (unth a shrub labeled "Tea" which he sets doimi and addresses) . — Thou accursed China herb ! "How might we blush if our sires could see Our rights invaded by this shrub Bohea." Bohea tea ! see ! A party of sailors come rollicking along, one or tzvo seeming slightly tipsy. They shout "We never drink tea," and sing as they pass on: "Here's to the wind that blows To the ship that goes, And to the lass that loves a sailor." A citizen in a chaise draws near and calls for more toasts. He suggests one: "May Great Britain always be just and America always be free." (Loud Huzzas.) A Sailor (tipsy). — Liberty to mankind! (All laugh) A Citizen. — Here's to Paoli ! May the glorious spirit of Corsica animate America to the latest posterity. Abel James, one of the Quaker merchants to whom the tea is consigned, becomes the center of interest in the crowd. He promises that he will not receive his part of the cargo and offers his little daughter standing on a hogshead as a pledge of his good faith. There is a commotion in the crowd at right, as an Express comes in breathless. Express. — Hear ye all ! Captain Ay res in the teaship Polly hath just cast anchor in the Delaware ! Great excitement among the people. A Voice. — We'll tar and feather him and funnel his rotten tea down his throat. Many Voices. — Ay, ay! And the quicker the better. Voices. — Tar and feathers ! Tar and feathers ! A kettle of tar and an old feather bed are brought on the scene, and a pro- cession is formed marching to the music of a fife. Dickinson, (coming up hastily) Peace ! Peace ! Let us act orderly that our cause be not jeopardized. I pray ye use no violence. Voices. — Here he comes ! Here he comes ! Let's teach the villain a lesson ! Dickinson. — Peace! Peace! No violence. Captain Ayres comes in through a lane of people. Some boys hustle him but show no further indignity, being restrained by Dickinson, Willing, Mifflin and other leading citizens. A committee of four zvait upon him and inform him concerning the temper of the people, whereupon he agrees to depart, at which there is much huzzaing. Marie Antoinette Costume Study by Miss M. A. Schuetze The Words of the Pageant 35 A mob which is formed carrying a large sign rudely painted, "No taxation without representation," sings: "Captain once more hoist your streamers Spread your sails and plow the wave! Tell your masters they were dreamers, When they thought to cheat the Brave." The crowd again surges out, the British troops being somewhat hustled but preserving good temper. The roistering sailors pass across the arena singing: "Here's to the wind that blows, To the ship that goes. And to the lass that loves a sailor." As the crozvd moves from the Held, the Chorus sings a song of the time in Philadelphia, ziritten by John Dickinson and sung to the tune of "Hearts of Oak." "Our worthy forefathers, let's give them a cheer. To climates unknown did courageously steer. Through oceans and deserts for freedom they came And dying bequeathed us their freedom and fame. Chorus "In freedom we're born And in freedom we'll live. Our purses are ready, Steady, friends, steady ! Not as slaves but as freemen Our money we'll give. "The tree their own hands had to Liberty reared They lived to behold growing strong and rever'd; With transport they cried, 'Now our wishes we gain. For our children shall gather the fruits of our pain.' Chorus "In freedom, etc. "Then join hand in hand, brave Americans all. By uniting we stand, by dividing we fall. In so righteous a cause let us hope to succeed, For Heaven approves of each generous deed. Chorus "In freedom, etc. "All ages shall speak with amaze and applause Of the courage we'll show in support of our laws. To die we can bear, but to serve we disdain. For shame is to freemen more dreadful than pain." Chorus "In freedom, etc. 36 The Historical Pageant EPISODE III SCENE I HISTORICAL NOTE Events moved on apace. As a punishment for the destruction of the tea in the harbor at Boston, the port was declared to be closed to commerce. Warships were at hand to enforce the law. This act aroused the resentment of the other colonies. A Continental Congress convened in Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia in September, 1774. On April 24 an express arrived announcing the Battle of Lexington. The people were aflame. Franklin came home from England on May 6, 177S. and a few days later the delegates to the second Continental Congress reached the city. The Virginians and other Southern delegates. George Washington among them, came on May 9, and the Eastern delegates, led by John Hancock, John Adams and Samuel Adams of the province of Massachusetts Bay, on whose soil the first blood had been shed, were welcomed on the following day. May 10. Companies of militiamen, or Associators as they were called, marched out to receive both cavalcades and escort them into the city. CAST OF CHARACTERS Southern Delegates: Colonel George Washington Patrick Henry Richard Henry Lee Edmund Pendleton [■ of Virginia. Benjamin Harrison Richard Bland Peyton Randolph Some Maryland and Carolina Deleg-ates. Caesar Rodney "1 George Read > of Delaware. Thomas McKean J Eastern Delegates: John Hancock Thomas Gushing John Adams \- °^ Massachusetts Bay. Samuel Adams Robert Tre-\t Paine Other delei;ates from New England, New York and New Jersey. Benjamin Eranklin. Thomas Paine. Robert Morris. James Wilson. George Clymer. Betsy Ross. /^ "a ^g^ Gentleman of the French Court Costume Study by Miss M. A. Schuetze The Words of the Pageant 37 Lydia Dakragh. John Dickinson >j Daniel Roberdeau ^Militia Colonels. John Cadwalader Irregular bodies of Associalors, with music. A mob of citizens. Tile areola represents the commons zvest of the tozvn in May, lyjS- ^^ great crowd of excited people. Recruiting sergeants at tables enrolling volunteers. John Dickinson, Daniel Roberdeau and John Cadzvalader, as Colonels, organising their several commands. Benjamin Franklin enters, escorted by Thomas Paine, Robert Morris, James Wilson, George Clymer and other Pennsylvanians. Two cavalcades appear, escorting the delegates. The first comes from the South, the second from New England. Enter with the Southern group, George Washington, Peyton Randolph, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee and others. They are escorted by the new city militia oMcers, by citizens on horseback and by bodies of Associators. Enter zmth the Nezv England group, John Hancock and Samuel Adams in a phaeton and pair, John Adams and Thomas Gushing in a one-horse chaise, and others similarly escorted zmth music, moving at a "slozv and solemn pace." All proceed to the front of the Held, while bells are heard chiming from among the trees. The scene is animated plainly evidencing the excite- ment of a coming struggle. Marked attention is shozjm the delegates from Mas- sachusetts, the opening ground of the war. They are loudly acclaimed. There is an impressive meeting betzveen the New Englanders and Franklin, who, when the cavalcade reaches him, becomes the centre of attention. Franklin. — (Solemnly.) Mars seems to have established his empire among us. John Adams. — The time has come for us to defend with arms our property, our liberty and our lives. Voices.— Colonel Washington! Washington! Washington! Let Washington lead our troops to avenge the blood of Lexington. Washington acknowledges the salutation by bowing in a dignified zvay. Franklin now comes forward and is again the centre of the scene, zuhile the Chorus sings CHORUS To-day we look upon the studious men Who from the Junto grew to stature tall In philosophic thought, and once again Across the vears the name of Franklin call. 38 The Historical Pageant I SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) Back to the yesterdays we turn; once more Turn from sweet Peace, with smiHng- summer eyes, To meet the darkling frown of horrid War, Hateful amid his scarlet panoplies. Thro' the dim twilight comes the roll Of Braddock's drums, while, faint and clear. The fife's high treble falls ; And marching feet press towards the goal. The inhospitable frontier. And lo! we find commanding here Him who to duty's calls Is never deaf, — the valiant soul. The heart which naught appals, — The soldier and the seer. II SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) While freemen fight that still they may be free, Hurling defiance back to arrogance. The brain of Franklin still shall find the key To unlock the heart of France. He with persuasive voice and facile pen Shall plead the virtues of his country's cause, Winning with eloquence. Battles more fraught with consequence than when Sword meets with bloody sword and patriots pause For swift attack or obstinate defense. CHORUS Back to the city of their love, where Penn, Proclaiming full release From fetters of the conscience, had begun Man's noblest struggle for the rights of men, — Resplendent in the light of great deeds done, — Shall come the fairest fruitage of sweet Peace, — Franklin the seer, — the patriot Washington. As the Chorus concludes, the crozvd passes off and clears the field zvhich is prepared for the next scene. Drawing for a British Uniform By Charles ffoulkes ist Foot Guards Private (After Dayes) The Words of the Pageant 39 SCENE II HISTORICAL NOTE The Congress was in session constantly in the last months of 1775 and in 1776. On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, in obedience to instructions from his colony, offered the following resolutions: "Resolved that these united colonies are and of right ought to be free and inde- pendent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved." On June 11, a committee of five members, consisting of Thomas Jefferson of Vir- ginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Roger Sherman of Connecticut and R. R. Livingston of New York, was appointed to frame a Declaration of Independence. On July 2, Lee's motion was adopted, and that day, it was believed by John Adams, would be "celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival commemorated as the day of deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty from one end of the continent to the other, from this time forward forevermore." The language of the Declaration was now discussed by the Congress. It was approved on July 4, which soon became the day for popular anniversary observances. On July 8 the Declaration was read by John Nixon from the observatory in the State House Yard, and the bells were rung. CAST OF CHARACTERS John Nixon. Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin John Adams Roger Sherman R. R. Livingston Other members of the Congress. Isaac Hunt (father of Leigh Hunt). Betsy Ross. Lydia Darragh. Sarah Franklin Bache. Deborah Norris. Sally Wister. Polly Fishbourne. A mob of citizens. Companies of Associators. The scene shows the State House Yard crowded with Colonials. Isaac Hunt (a Tory) paraded in a cart to the music of "The Rogue's March," the crozvd hoot- ing. Hunt is made to stand up hi the cart and express his "extreme pain and regret at having viliiied Congress," amid mingled jeers and cheers. A hand of Associators enter zvith th-e King's arms, which they have 'torn dozim- in the State House and proceed to hum. From the platform, John Nixon, surrounded hy niemhers of Congress, is read- ing the Declaration of Independence, the multitude shouting applause. The > Committee on the Declaration, 40 The Historical Pageant heads of three young Quaker misses, Debby A'orris, Sally IVister and Polly Fish- bourne, rise above the wall on Fifth Street surrounding the gardens of the Norris mansion. At the conclusion of the reading the State House bell is heard pealing forth "Liberty through all the land — unto all the inhabitants thereof." Christ Church and other bells join in the celebration. The Philadelphia Associators composed of three battalions of infantry, under Colonels Dickinson, Roberdeau and Cadtvalader, march in and are drawn up on dress parade. During their evolutions the Chorus sings: THE PENNSYLVANIA MARCH (Tune: "I winna marry any mon but Sandy o'er the lea.") "We are the troops that ne'er will stoop To wretched slavery, Nor shall our seed by our base deed Despised vassals be. Freedom we will bequeath to them Or we will bravely die, Our greatest foe e'er long shall know How much did Sandwich* lie. "What! Can those British tyrants think Our fathers crossed the main And savage foes and dangers met To be enslaved again? If so they are mistaken much For we will rather die, And since they have become our foes Their forces we defy." There is great enthusiasm. "Praise God from Whom All Blessings Flozv" is sung by the Chorus supported by the band, the music being punctuated by the firing of cannon and the pealing of bells. ♦Lord Sandwich, who had said that the Americans would not fight. Drawing for a British Uniform By Charles ffoulkes 3d Foot Guards (Scots) Officer (After Dayes) The Words of the Pageant 41 EPISODE IV SCENE I HISTORICAL NOTE The advance of the British army upon Philadelphia, the capital of the Colonies, was feared late in 1776. Congress, the Pennsylvania Assembly and many families fled for safety. The operations of Washington's army around Trenton at Christmas time led to a feeling of reassurance in the city and those who had departed gradually returned. The alarm was renewed in August, 1777, when it was announced that a large fleet had sailed from New York. Its destination was probably the Delaware River. Washington moved his positions restlessly and at last when it was clear that the ships had entered the Chesapeake instead of the Delaware and that the troops would be landed on the banks of the Elk River, he started on his way south. The ragged regiments passed through Philadelphia with twigs of green in their caps on August 24th, making the best appearance possible in order to create a favorable impression on the minds of the inhabitants. They met the British army which was commanded by Sir William Howe, on the field of Brandywine in Chester County, near the Maryland line, on September 11, and were defeated. The noise of the guns was distinctly heard in Philadelphia and the people again sought safety in flight. Howe moved forward and on September 22d, he established his camp in Germantown. On September 26th, Cornwallis with a considerable body of troops came down the Second street road and entered Philadelphia. Washington meanwhile planned another battle. He had been manoeuvering at the Schuylkill fords. On October 4th, his scouts drove in the British outposts at Mount Airy, and Wayne, Sullivan and Conway pressed the troops into the village. They were soon in collision with the Tenth and Fortieth Regiments and the Second Battalion of Light Infantry. Lieutenant-Colonel Musgrave of the Fortieth Regiment in his flight placed a body of his men in "Cliveden," the fine stone country house of Chief Justice Chew, and this became a critical point in the ensuing battle. A considerable part of the American forces passed on to engage other bodies of the British. More might well have done so. The fogs of October, the smoke of the guns and the misunderstanding among the American generals led at length to a precipitous retreat. Musgrave held his position against a siege of cannon, sharp musketry firing and incendiaries until he was relieved near the end of the engagement by General Grey. CAST OF CHARACTERS Americans: General Washington. General Wayne. Generals Sullivan, Armstrong, Conway, Knox, Maxwell, Greene, Reed, Smallwood, Muhlenberg, and others. Captain Allan McLane, with a party of his riders. Three or four hundred American troops of different commands. British: Sir William Howe. General Knyphausen ("Old Knyp"). Colonel Musgrave, of the 40th Regiment. Generals Grey, Agnew, Grant, Mathew, etc. The Fortieth Regiment, the Second Light Infantry and other bodies of British soldiery. 42 The Historical Pageant CHORUS We stand to-day upon the sacred soil Trodden of patriot feet when war's alarms Flung their rude summons on the ears of toil From far across the brown and sunlit farms. I SEAII-CHORUS (Remembrance) Here stood pale Kelpius, fleeing from the stress Of this fair world's alluring comradeships, Where the sad Woman-in-the- Wilderness Waited her radiant Lord's apocalypse. Pastorius the learned and austere, Bringing his gift of tongues to quell each strife, And with his words of comfort oft to cheer The grim privations of a pilgrim's life. So from the pages of the storied past We glean the lesson of work well begun, And as our lives a longer shadow cast, Learn deeper reverence for the men who won From hard inhospitable rocks the means To rear the hearthstones of our stalwart sires And plant a standard mid Earth's shifting scenes And Life's elusive and inconstant fires. H SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) And there shall come an echo on the air Of Musgrave's volleys and the iron roar Of Conway's guns pounding their answer there On window barred and barricaded door. And soon the roadways of the startled town. Shall gleam with bayonets glinting in the sun, And we shall hear the horsemen charging down. Obedient to the word of Washington. CHORUS And tho' the mists of gathering years may blot Each scutcheon and each hallowed shrine profane. No noble word is ever quite forgot Nor any high ideal wrought out in vain. The Scene is set with the Chezu House at one side of the Held. Statues are disposed upon the laimi. A British Light Infantry sentry is seen in middle dis- tance, walking hack and forth. From the left, a relief party approaches the sen- tinel, who halts. All retire at "double time." In middle distance now are seen The Words of the Pageant 43 Washington, Wayne and other American Generals advancing. They ride up and dismount for a conference near the front of the Held. They mount again and retire rapidly to rear and out of sight. A body of British Light Infantry now appear and form in "open or'der." Wayne comes forzvard z(.nth his men. The battle begins by sounding the Light Infantry drum. Wayne keeps advaiicing and driving the British before him, his men shouting, "Have at the bloodhounds. Remember Paoli." The Fortieth Regiment is brought forzvard to support the Light Infantry. General Hozjue rides up and shouts, "For shame Light Infantry. I never sazv you retreat before." But the retreat continues. The Fortieth Regiment takes refuge in the Chezv House. They close the shutters of the house on the first story and barricade the doors. The red coats are seen at the upper-story zvindozvs. Some appear upon the roof. The Americans stop to survey the improvised fort and send out Lieutenant- Colonel Smith zvith a zvhite flag, summoning the "garrison" to surrender. Smith is shot dozjt^n and a general engagement is begun betzveen the British at the zmn- dozi's and the Americans disposed upon the lazmi. A log is brought up and an effort is made to batter in the front door. The Chevalier Duplessis and John Laurens go for strazv and attempt to set Hre to the house. They are beaten back and return to the American lines. Some small guns are brought up for a bom- bardment. The Fortieth Regiment hi the Jiouse is relieved at length by the men from the Seventeenth and Forty-fourth Regiments under General Grey. As the Americans retire, General Agnezv is seen to fall from his horse. He is caught by some sol- diers standing near and placed in a litter. The Sixteenth Light Dragoons appear and follozv the British Foot off the Held. SCENE II HISTORICAL NOTE It is credibly asserted that Sir William Howe, thinking that the battle of German- town would result in his defeat, had planned a retreat to Chester. The retirement of the Americans from this ill-managed engagement to camps at a greater distance from the city (at a little later date to Valley Forge), led to Howe's resolution to remain in Philadelphia. The city offered him a pleasant winter rendezvous. He and his officers quartered themselves in the best Quaker homes. The public buildings became hospitals, barrack rooms and stables. The entire city was soon converted into an armed camp for upwards of thirty British regiments, and large auxiliary bodies of German and Loyalist troops. Many Tories accompanied the army to occupy the houses and shops of the Whigs who had sought safer retreats. CAST OF CHARACTERS The trocps used irx the first scene, together with the Forty-second Highlanders ("Black Watch"), Hessian Jaegers, Queen's Rangers, etc. TJie Forty-second Highlanders are seen marching and countermairching, to the music of the pipers. The Queen's Rangers, a Tory Regiment under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Simcoe, and other bodies of British soldiery appear and go dozvn to the river to receive Sir William Hozve and Lord Hozije, zvho are assembled for the next scene. 44 The Historical Pageant SCENE III HISTORICAL NOTE While Washington and his troops suffered the gravest hardships among the hills at Valley Forge, Howe and his army were comfortably ensconced in Philadelphia. The river was opened to the British fleet, and Admiral Lord Howe (Sir William Howe's brother) came up with large quantities of supplies. The j^oung ofticers found a welcome in the city's Tory homes, and the winter was marked by much social gayety. "Assemblies, concerts, clubs and the like," wrote a captain of the Hessian Jaegers, "make us forget there is any war save that it is a capital joke." Sir William Howe's indolence at length led to his recall, and just prior to the taking of the resolve to evacuate the city he was superseded in command by Sir Henry Clinton. His brother oflficers, led by the ill-fated Andre, in token of their esteem, arranged, before his departure, a noteworthy festival which they called the Mischianza, or more properly the Meschianza (an Italian word meaning a medley), for May i8, 1778. It included a regatta on the Delaware River participated in by "swarms" of decorated boats, a tournament at "Walnut Grove," some distance south of the city, the home of Joseph Wharton, a wealthy Quaker merchant, and in the evening, a ball, a supper, and an elaborate exhibition of fireworks. CAST OF CHARACTERS Sir William Howe. Lord Howe. Sir Henry Clinton. Lord Cornwallis. General Knyphausen. Other British officers, grenadiers, dragoons, chasseurs, etc. Sir John Wrottlesley, Colonel O'Hara, Major Gardiner and Captain J. F. Montresor, managers of the Meschianza. Major Gwynne, Marshal of the Field. Knights of the Blended Rose (White Knights): Lord Cathcart of the 17th Dragoons, chief knight, with two esquires and slaves. Hon. Captain Cathcart of the 23rd Regiment, first knight, with one esquire. Lieutenant Bygrove of the i6th Dragoons, second knight, with one esquire. Captain John Andre of the 26th Regiment, third knight, with one esquire. Captain Horneck of the Guards, fourth knight, with one esquire. Captain Matthews of the 41st Regiment, fifth knight, with one esquire. Lieutenant Sloper of the 17th Dragoons, sixth knight, with one esquire. Herald. Trumpeters. Knights of the Burning Mountain (Black Knights): Captain Watson of the Guards, chief knight, with two esquires and slaves. Lieutenant Underwood of the loth Regiment, first knight, with one esquire. Lieutenant Winyard of the 64th Regiment, second knight, with one esquire. Lieutenant Delaval of the 4th Regiment, third knight, with one esquire. M. Montluissant of the Hessian Chasseurs, fourth knight, with one esquire. Costume Study For British Light Infantry Drummer 5th Regiment By Charles M. Lefferts The Words of the Paseant 45 Lieutenant Hobart, of the 7th Reg-iment, fifth knight with one esquire. Brigade-Major Tarleton, sixth knight, with one esquire. Herald. Trumpeters. Ladies of the Blended Rose: Miss Auchmuty, chief knight's lady. Miss Nancy White, first lady. Miss Jane Craig, second lady. Miss Peggy Chew, third lady. Miss Nancy Redman, fourth lady. Miss Williamina Bond, fifth lady. Miss Mary Shippen, sixth lady. Ladies of the Burning Mountain: Miss Rebecca Franks, chief knight's lady. Miss Sarah Shippen, first lady. Miss Peggy Shippen (afterwards Mrs. Benedict Arnold) second lady. Miss Becky Bond, third lady. Miss Becky Redman, fourth lady. Miss Sophia Chew, fifth lady. Miss Williamina Smith, sixth lady. A company of spectators drawn from the Tory families of the city. The scene shozvs the gardens surrounding the Wharton House, "Walnut Grove." Tzuo arches lead to the river, one a naval arch dedicated to Lord Howe, the other a military arch dedicated to Sir William Howe. Between them is the tilting ground, lined with troops. At each side a pavilion for the tivo parties of ladies in whose honor the tournament is given and for the officers and other spectators. The tzvo parties of ladies enter from the house. The General and the Admiral with their retinues, headed by music, come up from the river through a double file of Grenadiers, supported by horse, under the standards of th& several regiments, and take their places. They are greeted zvith plaudits, the ladies scattering Hozvers before them and the troops presenting arms. The sound of trumpets is heard. The trumpeters enter the quadrangle followed by the herald and the seven knights of the Blended Rose, mounted on white horses, zvith their esquires. The procession moves around the Held saluting the ladies. White Herald. — The Knights of the Blended Rose, by me their Herald pro- claim and assert that the Ladies of the Blended Rose excel in wit. beauty and every accomplishment those of the whole world, and should any knight or knights be so hardy as to dispute or deny it, they are ready to enter the lists with them and maintain their assertions by deeds of arms, accord- ing to the laws of ancient chivalry. 46 The Historical Pageant Three times he makes the proclamation from different parts of the field. Trumpets are heard again, announcing the Black Herald tvho parleys with the White Herald. He orders his trumpets to sound and proclaims defiance to the challenge. Black Herald.— The Knights of the Burning Mountain ^nter these lists not to contend with words, but to disprove by deeds of arms, the vainglorious assertions of the Knights of the Blended Rose, and to show that the ladies of the Burning Mountain as far excel all others in charms as the knights themselves surpass all others in prowess. Going out, he brings in the Black Knights all mounted on black horses, who ride around the field, saluting the ladies. They drazv up in front of the White Knights. The chief of the White Knights having thrown dozvn his gauntlet, the chief of the Black Knights orders his esquire to take it up. The knights are presented with their shields and lances by their esquires. The trumpets sound the charge. At the first meeting the lances are shivered; at the second and third charges, pistols are fired; at the fourth, swords are used. Then the chief knights of the opposing sides. Lord Cathcart and Captain Watson, ride to the centre of the field and engage in single combat with their swords until parted by the Marshal zvho rushes upon the field. Marshal Gwynne. — Your fair ladies command you to desist from further com- bat as you prize their future favors. They are perfectly satisfied with the proofs of your love. The knights nozv form a line, each black knight beside a zvhite knight in token of the restoration of friendship. They ride in front of the stands, each saluting his lady. Flozvers are shozvered upon them. The bands play and all sing "God Save the King." The officers, ladies and guests pass into the house, and so leave the field. The troops pass off in the ether direction. Costume Study For "Quaker Blues" By Charles M. Lefferts The Words of the Pageant 47 EPISODE V HISTORICAL NOTE Franklin left Philadelphia on October 26, 1776, accredited as one of the American ambassadors to the court of France. His associates were Silas Deane and Arthur Lee. Congress had the hope of presenting the cause of the Colonies in such a light that the King would enter the war as an ally. An old rival of England on the American continent, a traditional enemy in Europe, it would be easy, it was conceived, to secure assistance in that quarter. Franklin remained at Paris for nine years. From the beginning he outshone his colleagues. His fame had preceded him. His tactful conduct increased his vogue and his mission became one of the most remarkable in the history of diploniacj-. He was a favorite at court and the idol of the people. His personality made him a principal influence in bringing about the treaty which, after the Battle of Germantown and the surrender of Burgoyne, was concluded between France and the United States. He and his associates were received at court in March, 1778, when the alliance was publicly avowed and celebrated. He enjoyed another notable reception in April, 1779, in testimony of his appointment as the sole American plenipotentiary to France. It was on this occasion, according to tradition, that a lady of the court placed a wreath of laurel upon his brow (celebrated in the familiar picture at the court of France), but he was the recipient of so much attention of this kind at Versailles and elsewhere during his residence abroad that it is difficult to assign the scene which follows to a particular date. CAST OF CHARACTERS Louis XVI, King of France. Marie Antoinette, Queen of France. Princess Lamballe, her friend. Count de Vergennes, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Ministers and nobles, ladies of honor, ladies in waiting, and other ladies of the Court. , Benjamin Franklin. Swiss Guards in their ancient dress, French soldiers, priests, etc. CHORUS Hail ! Franklin, ambassador, brother, Philosopher, patriot, hail ! The love of our lands for each other Is a light that shall never turn pale. We bow to the roses of beauty. We drink to the fruit of the vine, But our paramount love is for our duty, — For the strength of the oak and pine. Our songs with all joys are a-quiver, Yet find their fruition in thee As the silvery laugh of the river Grows still in the calm of the sea. Hail ! Franklin, ambassador, brother, Philosopher, patriot. Hail ! 48 The Historical Pageant The scene shows the ornamental gardens at Versailles. The King and Queen with their retinue enter. The priests cry, "Vivat Rex in aeternum!" Cries of "Vive Louis!" "Vive Antoinette !" "Long Live the King!" Franklin enters in a sedan chair, with two or three attendants, luhile the zifhite lily-dotted flag of the France of the Bourbons is lowered in salute. There are crieisf of "Vive Franklin!" "Vive rambassadeur des treise provinces unies!" "Vive I' Amerique !" "Vive le grand Franklin!" He steps from his sedan leaning upon a staff. With long grey locks unpowdered and his simple dress, he is welcomed cts a kind of new Solon or Lycurgus. He is received by the King and Queen. A lady places a wreath upon his head and kisses his cheek. TIte ladies and their gentlemen attendants dance a minuet. W Si. O o o w •^ O 1. § o w a. ^ n Q l-H "^ Continental Soldier French Soldier British Grenadier and British Officer British Light Infantryman The Words of the Pageant 49 EPISODE VI SCENE I HISTORICAL NOTE The bonds which held the states together after the Revolution were weak; they grew weaker as the enthusiasm of war subsided and made way for the interests and tasks of peace. During the summer of 1787, a convention of delegates from the states met at the State House under the presidency of General Washington and framed a Constitution. It was adopted on September 17th and was sent out at once to be ratified. It should become effective when nine states approved it. Delaware voted m its favor on December 7th, Pennsylvania on December 12th and New Jersey on December 13th. These three states were followed by Georgia, Connecticut, Massachu- set'ts, Maryland and South Carolina in the order named. The ninth state to ratify the Constitution was New Hampshire on June 21, 1788. Arrangements were at once begun for a celebration in Philadelphia for the 4th of July, 1788. Before that time news was received that Virginia, the tenth state, had approved the work of the Convention. Only North Carolina, New York and Rhode Island remained out of the Union. The celebration took the form of a well planned parade through the streets called the Federal Procession. Two structures, the Grand Federal Edifice or "New Roof , showing 13 columns, three of which were incomplete, and the Federal Ship Union built upon the lines of a frigate of the day, were marked objects. Many prominent citizens rode and walked in the procession which was dispersed at "Union Green upon the grounds of "Bush Hill", the Hamilton mansion northwest of the city. Here James Wilson delivered an oration and there were other appropriate ceremonies. CAST OF CHARACTERS John Nixon Thomas Fitzsimmons George Clymer Colonel John Shee Richard Bache Peter Muhlenberg Chief Justice McKean Judge William Augustus Atlee Judge Jacob Rush | Duncan Ingraham, New Hampshire Jonathan Williams, Jr., Massachusetts Jared Ingersoll, Connecticut Samuel Stockton, New Jersey James Wilson, Pennsylvania Col. 'Thomas Robinson, Delaware J. E. Howard, Maryland Col. Febiger, Virginia W. Ward Burrows, South Carolina George Meade, Georgia >■ Mounted figures in the Federal Procession of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, in their robes of office. Representatives of the ten rati- fying states walking arm in arm with flags. Representatives of the citizens at large to whom the Constitution was committed by the Convention of 1787 seated in the Federal Edifice. 50 The Historical Pageant Hilary Baker George Latimer John Wharton John Nesbitt Samuel Morris John Brown Tench Francis Joseph Anthony John Chaloner Benjamin Fuller Colonel William Williams in armor. Consuls and representatives of powers in Philadelphia in friendly relations with the United States, — France, United Netherlands, Sweden, Prussia and Morocco. Thomas Bell who bears a flag of the United States. A citizen and an Indian chief smoking the calumet of peace. William Hamilton, the proprietor of "Bush Hill." Pelatiah Webster, merchant, economist and pamphleteer. Twelve axemen. Members of trade bodies in the procession, citizens, etc. The Chorus renders the ode composed hy Francis Hopkinson in honor of the ratiUcation of the Constitution: "Oh! for a muse of fire to mount the skies, And to a listening world proclaim — Behold ! behold ! an empire rise ! An era new. Time as he flies, Hath entered in the book of Fame. On Alleghany's tow'ring head Echo shall stand — the tidings spread. And o'er the lakes and misty floods around An era new resound. See where Columbia sits alone. And from her star-bespangled throne Beholds the gay procession move along, And hears the trumpet and the choral song. She hears her sons rejoice — Looks into future times, and sees The num'rous blessings Heav'n decrees, And with her plaudit, joins the general voice. Hail to this festival ! — all hail the day ! Columbia's standard on her roof display ; And let the people's motto ever be : 'United thus, and thus united, free !' " ») Xfi O (TO ^ n: o'H. S" o < The Words of the Pageant 51 The scene shoivs the space called "Union Green'' in front of Hamilton's "Bush Hill." Disposed upon the Held, are the Federal Ship Union completely manned and the "New Roof" or Grand Federal Edifice zvith its thirteen Corinthian columns, three of which are incomplete, to indicate that three states yet remain out of the Union. The ten gentlemen who occupy chairs under the dome and zvho represent the citizens at large, vacate them and surrender their places to the ten repre- sentatives of the states zvho had earlier zvalked arm in arm in the procession. The states are nozv declared to be "in unison" amid loud huz::as. Each delegate who enters the temple hangs the Hag zvhich he carried in the procession, upon its appropriate column. Ten toasts in honor of the ten states are announced by trumpet and are followed by a discharge of artillery. SCENE II HISTORICAL NOTE George Washington was elected President and John Adams Vice-President of the Union which was established under the Constitution. Congress met and the govern- ment was started on its way in New York in April, 1789. It was soon resolved to place the capital in Philadelphia where it was to remain for ten years until a site could be prepared for a new city on the banks of the Potomac in the District of Columbia. Washington took up his residence in Philadelphia in November, 1790, and Congress met here a few days later. The President was everywhere acclaimed as "the hero of the Western world," and was the mark for many popular demonstrations. His arrival from and his departure for his "seat" in Virginia, his birthday, the Fourth of July and other occasions received ceremonious observance. The scene which follows represents the President at Gray's Gardens at Gray's Ferry, a handsomely embellished pleasure ground on the high road to the South, where he was so frequently a guest. CAST OF CHARACTERS George Washington. Mrs. Washington. John Adams. Mrs. Adams. Alexander Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson. Robert Morris. Mrs. AIorris. William Bingham. Mrs. Bingham. Thomas Mifflin, President of Pennsylvania. Thomas McKean, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. Major William Jackson. Other officers of the Federal and State Governments ; ladies and gentlemen of Philadelphia. An escort of militiamen. 52 The Historical Pageant The scene is Gray's Gardens early in Washington's first administration. "All love their ozmi Schuylkill's romantic soft tide And pay their devotion at Gray's." Tea tables are set upon the green. A "Federal Temple" composed of an arch of twelve stones, one for each of the colonies already in the Union and a keystone for Rhode Island zvhich has just ratified the Constitution. The Federal Ship "Union" zvhich zuas used in the Federal Procession in lySS and for several years afterzvard zcas a popular attraction at Gray's Gardens. The ladies and gentle- men representing the best Colonial society at the "Republican Court" enter and azvait the arrival of Washington. He comes on a zvhite charger. Mrs. Wash- ington rides in the famous family coach. When the President is seen, the band strikes up "Washington's March." As he dismounts "God Save Great Washing- ton" set to the tune of "God Save the King" is sung. The crozmd shouts "Long Live Great Washington!" "Long live the Father of his Country!" Children zvave a zvelcome from the ship "Union" zvhich is entzvined zvith French and American flags. Thirteen young men dressed as shepherds and thirteen young zvomen dressed as shepherdesses come out of the grove and proceed to the "Federal Temple" zuhere the keystone is put in place in honor of the ratification of Rhode Island. The Federal salute of thirteen guns is fired. SCENE III HISTORICAL NOTE As Washington's administration advanced the radicals allowed their sympathies for France, where the course of affairs underwent direful changes daily, to run away with their good sense. The Bastille fell in 1789, the year in which our republic was being established. Louis XVI was beheaded in January, 1793, and Marie Antoinette went to the guillotine in October, 1793. The birthday of the King of France was celebrated in Philadelphia no longer. France, too, would be a republic like the United States. Frenchmen as well as Americans would be free and equal — brothers of one great family. They had helped us to gain our liberties; we must now aid them. The first French republican minister to the United States was Citizen Edmund Charles Genet. He landed at Charleston, S. C, from a French frigate, "L' Ambus- cade," in April, 1793. The vessel came up the Delaware on May 2, with the bonnet rouge at its topmasts. Genet meanwhile proceeded northward overland, arousing the sym- pathies of the people along the way. He reached Gray's Ferry on May i6th, where he was welcomed by a crowd of citizens. The city went French mad, and the excite- ment continued for several years. Mobs of men, women and children, Americans, Frenchmen and West Indians, white, yellow and black, aimed to move Washington, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Robert Morris and the Federalists from the position of neutrality on the subject of French matters in Europe which they had assumed. The scene is a representation of one of several similar civic festivals in the French republican interest in the streets and squares, on the commons and in the pleasure gardens of Philadelphia. The Words of the Pageant 53 CAST OF CHARACTERS Citizen Edmund Charles Genet, Minister Plenipotentiary from the Republic of France. M. DE Ternant, the French Minister Resident under the monarchy. M. DE LA Forest, the Consul-general of France. Their secretaries and attendants. Citizen Bompard, commanding officer of the "L' Ambuscade," the French frigate, in the harbor, with a party of naval officers and sailors. David Rittenhouse. Charles Biddle. Jonathan D. Sergeant. p. s. duponceau. James Hutchinson. A. J. Dallas. Thomas Leiper. Mathew Carey. Michael Leib. Other leading citizens of French sympathies. A mob of men, women and children in which many French people are seen. CHORUS Liberty glorious ! in thy name What crimes are wreaked on human kind ! Equality ! what brands of shame, Forged from thy seal, burn reason blind ! Fraternity, that still should be The countersign of man to man, Alas ! that men should find in thee Excuse to thwart God's noblest plan ! The scene is the ground at Centre Square where an obelisk is set up bearing inscriptions zvhich indicate its dedication to liberty. The crowd enters to the music of "Yankee Doodle" zvhich soon changes to "Ca Ira." Boys and girls take their places around the pedestal. Men zvaJk two and tzi'o zi'ith oak boughs in their hands; women zv-ith Hozvers zvhich they strezv around the pedestal. The crozvd displays great animation, the boys and girls dancing, men g'z^ing each other the "fraternal embrace," calling each other "Citi- zen'' and shouting "Vive la Republique!" "Live Free or Die!" etc. The Scene is made gay zvith the American Hag and the French trir-color. Men and zvomen exhibit the tri-colored cockade in their hats and at their breasts. Some zvear the red cap of liberty or hold it aloft on pike-staffs. Wlun "Ca Ira" 5 54 The Historical Pageant is finished the orchestra plays "La Carmagnole." Men and women now join hands and dance around liberty trees. One takes off his scarlet liberty cap and tosses it upon the ground; a crowd dances around it. As Genet enters, accom- panied by Bompard and the sailors, he is given a wild welcome. The crowd takes up the refrain and shouts, "Citizen Genet!" "The Republic of France!" "The rights of Man!" A crowd at one side of the Held cries, "Long live the Friends of Liberty!" and another at the other side of the field responds, "Long Live the Friends of Liberty!" Fifteen guns boom the Federal salute from the river (Vermont and Kentucky having by this time joined the thirteen States in the Union.) The crozvd after a zvhile seizes Genet mid he is carried off on their shoulders through the imod towards the river, singing the "Marseillaise." CHORUS "Ye sons of France, awake to glory, Hark ! Hark ! What myriads bid thee rise. Your children, wives and grandsires hoary, Behold their tears and hear their cries. Shall hateful tyrants mischief breeding With hireling hosts, a ruffian band. Affright and desolate the land, While peace and liberty lie bleeding? To arms ! To arms ! ye brave ! Th' avenging sword unsheath ! March on ! March on ! All hearts resolved On victory or death !" As the sound dies aipay in the distance the chords of a stately chant are heard, and the Chorus sings. CHORUS Land of a thousand hills. Land of far rolling plains. Think of thy destiny, noble, uplifting, — Think of thy mother's pangs. Dear land of liberty, Think of the patriot blood Shed at thy birthing. Tlien shall thy soul abhor License that murders shame, Then shall thy vision clear See what a gulf divides License from Liberty. The Words of the Pageant 55 SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) Dream of the days that lent Sunlight and life to thee. SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) Hope for the days to come, Regal, resplendent. CHORUS Dream of the days that were, Hope for the days to come. Land of a thousand hills, Dear land of Liberty! As the last lines are sung the figure of President Washington, mounted as in the last scene, appears at one side of the field. He brings his steed to a full stop and looks toward the river. He is espied by the rear guurd of the mob. Many turn, and, running, crowd around him. Recovering their mental aplomb, they cheer him lustily. He rides up the field and moves off to the strains of the "President's March." 56 The Historical Pageant EPISODE VII HISTORICAL NOTE The establishment of a national feeling was difficult until after a second_ war with Great Britain. French and English sympathies which had formed a dividing ground for parties for years then made way for a strong native sentiment and for some purely American ideals. Embargoes and non-intercourse acts, outrages upon shipping at sea led in 1812 to open hostilities. Armed vessels went out and came in to the Delaware. The heroes of sea battles were honored by the people. The town of Lewes was bombarded in 1813 and some companies of volunteers under Brigadier General Joseph Bloomfield started south to protect the approaches of the city. The news of the landing of the army, the sack of Washington and the advance upon Baltimore in the next year created the greatest excitement. Able-bodied citizens went out each morning to work upon the redoubts which were planned to guard the southern roads. The militiamen, formed into picturesque companies, — promment among which was one still in existence at this day, the State Fencibles— went into camp ready for duty at need. At last the unsuccessful bombardment of Fort McHenry and the defeat of the invading army near Baltimore caused great rejoicing and Phila- delphia was safe. CAST OF CHARACTERS General Edmund Pendleton Gaines. General Bloomfield. General Thomas Cadwalader. General Isaac Worrell. Colonel Clement C. Biddle. Stephen Girard. David Parish, and other citizens. Messengers. State Fencibles, Washington Guards, and other miHtia companies. A mob of men, women and children. CHORUS Once more to arms the country calls, Once more o'er fertile plain and mountain, Hark ! how the martial summons falls Athwart the visage of each placid fountain. Up freemen in your might For God and for the right Drive out the foe. The arena represents a square in the city. The scene is suggested by one of Krimmcl's pictures of a Philadelphia crozvd at this period. Military companies are marching and there is much commotion. Prominent among these are the nezdy formed State Fencibles and the Washington Guards, a crack Federalist company. A procession of men with spades and mattocks throzvn over their shoulders, and food in knapsacks on their backs, start off for zvork on the redoubts. Lord Howe (1725-99) In National Portrait Gallery, London ('()I)yngIit by J-lmery Walker wm^. Alexander Kabierske As a British Light Dragoon Drawing of the Blue Anchor Inn By Charles H. Stephens Men at Work on Delaware Block House in the Property Room The Words of the Pageant 57 The horn of an express is heard. He comes up to the front of the field and shouts, "The British have landed at North Point! They are lieadcd for Balti- more!" Shouts of derision and defiance. Men seize arms. The militia companies pass off as though going to the war, the women waving their fareivells. In a little while another express rides in on a foaming steed. The people press around him. He shouts, "The British have been defeated at North Point, and their general, Lord Ross, is killed!" Cheers are heard on all sides. "Huzza for the brave Baltimoreans!" "Our city is safe!" etc. An old "seventy-sixer" xvaves his hands and is folloived by a crowd of boys as he goes off to announce the nezvs in other parts of the city. The militia companies again come upon the field bearing the American flag. The bands play the first chords of the "The Star Spangled Banner." The music is taken up by the Chorus: "Oh ! say can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose stripes and bright stars thro' the perilous fight. O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming ; And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there. Chorus — "Oh ! say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave, O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ! "Oh, thus be it ever when freemen shall stand Between their lov'd home and the war's desolation ; Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation. Then conquer we must, for our cause it is just, And this be our motto, 'In God is our trust.' Chorus — "And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave, While the land of the free is the home of the brave !" 58 The Historical Pageant EPISODE VIII HISTORICAL NOTE In 1824 Lafayette revisited the United States. He was accompanied by his son, George Washington Lafayette. He came to Philadelphia late in September and was the recipient of a round of attentions. The survivors of the Revolutionary era were gathered to welcome him. He was met at the end of the Trenton bridge by the military and escorted into the city under arches, amid transparencies, through hurrahing crowds. The First City Troop and the Washington Grays had the prominent places around Lafayette's barouche. Not in many years, if ever, had the city known such a cele- bration. CAST OF CHARACTERS General Lafayette. George Washington Lafayette. Governor Shulze. Judge Richard Peters, of Belmont. Mayor Watson. Joseph S. Lewis. William Rush. John M. Scott. Aquila a. Browne. James Wilmer. Benjamin Tilghman. John Swift. Other prominent citizens. A crowd of men, women and children. Washington Grays and other military companies. . Members of the Committee of Councils. CHORUS He comes again as in our direst need He came to succor a fast fading cause ; He comes, the witness of a glorious deed To meet a people's unrestrained applause, — To breathe the fragrance of the flower whose seed His patriot hands deep planted in our laws, Hail to the friend who heard our country's cry. Great Lafayette, our Washington's ally ! The Words of the Pageant 59 The scene shozvs the reception to Lafayette in Philadelphia in 1824. The "Nation's Guest" ivith Judge Peters, occupies a barouche. His son, George Washington Lafayette, follows in another carriage. They are escorted by troops. On transparencies we seen "A Nation's Welcome to Freedom's Friend," "Wel- come to the Nation's Guest," "Yorktoivn, Monmouth and Brandyunne," etc. Lafayette boivs his acknozvledgments. In front of the stand Lafayette dismounts and proposes a toast: "The City of Philadelphia — where American Independence was first pro- claimed and where the holy alliance of public order with popular institutions is every day happily demonstrated." He reenters his carriage and all move off to the strains of a march. 6o The Historical Pageant EPILOGUE HISTORICAL NOTE The growth of the city was continuous, but in government the people came under 29 separate jurisdictions. The old city lying between the Delaware and the Schuylkill and Vine and South Streets had a population in 1850 of 121,376. The county had 408,762 inhabitants. Where the city ended and the suburbs began could not be determined by the eye. Houses extended in unbroken blocks north of Vine street and south of South street, but the people were politically separate. Included in the county were ten corporations, six boroughs and thirteen townships. The corporations were the old city and the districts of Southwark, Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Garden, Penn, Moyamensing, Richmond, West Philadelphia and Belmont; the six boroughs, Germantown, Frankford, Manayunk, Bridesburg, Whitehall and Ara- mingo; the thirteen townships, Passyunk, Blockley, Kingsessing, Roxborough, Ger- mantown, Bristol, Oxford, Moreland, Byberry, Northern Liberties, Penn, Lower Dublin and Delaware. The evils of divided authority with the rioting fire companies and their ruffianly adherents were at length too great to be borne any longer and in 1854 all the districts, boroughs and townships were consolidated with the city. The city became coterminous with the county and a new era had begun. The orchestra gives the theme of the psalm to he sung, and the Chorus sings: CHORUS God of our fathers, in whose palm Lie all the fates of all the years, Whose voice hath bid the sea be calm And sealed the founts of all men's tears ; Grant to the city of our love The greatness that doth spring from Thee. The civic pride that soars above The petty strifes of policy : Give heed to our ascending psalm And turn to trust our sordid fears, God of our fathers, in whose palm Lie all the fates of all the years. SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) For thou hast bid the sea be calm And sealed the founts of all men's tears. SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) And thou wilt hearken to our psalm And turn to trust our sordid fears. ^ District 1 rassyuriK ^Kindse-ssing 3IVloyam&nsmG 4Soutnwark 5 City of PKilaclelpKia 6Bloclom history claim thy just renown, And gather up, like scattered gems. The jewels to stud a flawless crown ; Take to thy breast these daughters fair Whose being is a part of thee, While down the aisles of lambent air Float swelling strains of melody. Thy onward march no envy stems Nor any voice thy song can drown, City of regal diadems Whose brows support a flawless crov.n. SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) For thou hast garnered scattered gems To glorify thy flawless crown. SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) And thou shalt wear new diadems While men shall sing thy just renown. A herald, mounted on a richly caparisoned horse, rides into the arena from the northzvest corner of the field. After a blast on his trumpet, he announces in a loud voice the names of the coming Districts: Spring Garden, the borough of Germantozvn, Germantozvn Toivnship, Penn Tozvnship, South Penn, Manayunk, Roxborough. He pauses after each name, and the symbolical figure of the dis- trict or borough appears. Similarly another Herald rides in from, the northeast corner of the Held. He gives a blast on his trumpet, and announces: The District of N\orthern Liberties, the Township of Northern Liberties, Kensington, Aramingo, White Hall, Lovuer Dublin, Delazvare, Morcland, Byberry, Richmond, Frankford, Bridesburg, Bristol, Oxford. The symbolical figures appear as in the former instance. A Herald rides in from the southivest corner of the field, and after a trumpet blast announces: West Philadelphia, Belmont, Blockley. Kingsessing. The figures appear as announced. Again a Herald rides in from the southeast corner of the field, gizing a trumpet blast announcing: Southzmrk, Moyamensing, Passyunk. The figures appear as announced. Nozv a matronly figure is seen. She represents Philadelphia. The several districts form around her. The figure "Philadelphia" ascends a platform at back, and the several dis- tricts are grouped or form a pyramid about her. The national and the city colors are broken out from fiag poles at the rear, the bands playing "America." 62 The Historical Pageant As this ceases, the Chorus, accompanied by tiic orchestra, sings: CHORUS God of our fathers in whose palm Lie all the fates of all the years, Give heed to our ascending psalm And turn to trust our sordid fears. SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) For Thou hast bid the sea be calm And sealed the founts of all men's tears. SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) And Thou wilt hearken to our psalm And turn to trust our sordid fears. CHORUS City of regal diadems, From history claim thy just renown, And gather up, like scattered gems. The jewels to stud a flawless crown. SEMI-CHORUS (Remembrance) Thy onward march no envy stems. Nor any voice thy song can drown, SEMI-CHORUS (Aspiration) City of regal diadems. Whose brows support a flawless crown. CHORUS Give heed to our ascending psalm. And turn to trust our sordid fears, God of our fathers in whose palm Lie all the fates of all the years. All the performers enter and are given their places upon the /leld for a grand tableau. One line after another is put into motion, and the performers in proces- sion pass before the grand stand, and off the field. The symbolical figures remain in position zvhile the "March Past" progresses and are the last to leave the scene. •-^ HIST PHILADELPHIA IVlil SEPTEMBER 30 OCTOBER 5 Drawing for the Historical Pageant Poster By M. L. Blumenthal MAKERS OF THE PAGEANT I Mrs. Margaret McHenry (Photograph by Marccau) 2 Joseph Jackson 3 Mrs. C. M. Broomall ( Photograpli by Marceaii) 4 Charles M. Lefferts 5 John Lucas (Photograph by Evans) The Constitution of the United States 63 m^t Constitution of tfje ®niteb States! Scenes in Philadelphia 125 Years Ago In Philadelphia 125 years ago the Constitution of the United States, long the pride of Americans and the model for the friends of freedom throughout the world, was framed and sent out to the thir- teen states. The total impotency of the government organized under the Articles of Confederation demanded the serious attention of the people, if the fruits of the war were to be made valuable. No central government worthy of that name had yet been established. There was as yet only a number of states with more or less common interests. These interests, however, were momentarily in danger of growing unlike and separate. Soon, if something were not done, quarrels would arise among the states and, there being no power over all to guide and compel, they would become the prey of Euro- pean conquerors. "What may be the final event," Robert Morris wrote, "time only can discover; but the probability is that first divided, then governed, our children may lament in chains the folly of their fathers." What he wished, as he wrote to his friend, Alex- ander Hamilton, was "a firm, wise, manly system of federal govern- ment." This was the hope of the wisest men in Pennsylvania, New England and Virginia. There was need of what the Germans call a Bundesstaat instead of a Staatenbund, a federation instead of a confederation, a strong central government instead of a league of state governments, without a common purpose, or the authority to interpret and express the common resolves. Congress, after it had left the city for Princeton in the summer of 1783, frightened by a few Continental officers who had come to collect their back pay, refused to return. It was in New^ York when the call was sent out for a convention of delegates from the various states to assemble in Philadelphia in May, 1787, for the purpose of devising some system of federal control. Few had a suspicion what this system would be, although a number of men of experience in management during the war were determined that it should have more fibre than would have been 64 The Historical Pageant acceptable to the very democratic masses whom they represented in the notable conference. On December 30, 1786, the Assembly of Pennsylvania delegated seven of its citizens as its representatives in the convention, — James Wilson, Robert Morris, Gouverneur Morris, Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, Jared IngersoU and Thomas Fitz- simmons. Afterward the name of Benjamin Franklin was added to the number. The meeting time w^as set for May 14th, but it was the 25th day of the month before a quorum (representation from seven states) was at hand in the State House "ready to transact the most important business which it has ever fallen to the lot of any body of public men in America to perform." General Washington, who was one of the delegates from Vir- ginia, had arrived in the city on the 13th. He was met at some distance down the Southern Road by the City Troop, and escorted to the home of Robert Morris, whose guest he was imtil the conven- tion adjourned. The event brought to the city such men as Alex- ander Hamilton, from New York; Rufus King and Elbridge Gerry, from Massachusetts; Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, from Connecticut; George Read and John Dickinson, from Delaware; James Madison, George Wythe and Edmund Randolph, from Vir- ginia, and John Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, his kins- man, Charles Pinckney and Pierce Butler, from South Carolina. It had been generally agreed beforehand that Washington should preside. Nominated by Robert Morris, in behalf of Pennsyl- vania, he was unanimously elected. Morris walked upon one side and John Rutledge, of South Carolina, on the other, to conduct him to the chair. Major William Jackson was elected secretary. Sur- prisingly little zeal was manifested for the work in hand except on the part of a few men. Recent researches show that there were in all 73 appointments to the convention, but a considerable number did not exert themselves to attend. The delegates did not even put themselves to the trouble to acknowledge the honor which the states had done them by making them m.embers of the distinguished body. Only 55 ever put in an appearance. New Hampshire's delegates did not arrive until late in July and Rhode Island had none present at any time. Of the fifty-five who attended the sessions and par- ticipated in the prolonged discussions, two from New York with- drew from the body before its work was done, three refused to sign The Constitution of the United States 65 the instrument and eleven al)sented themselves from the meeting when they should have been present to append their names. Only thirty- nine gave it their signatures, Pennsylvania contributing eight and Delaware five, their entire delegations. These two states were alone in giving the scheme of government which was proposed their unanimous support, and were the strength of the Federal movement. Alexander Hamilton stood by himself in New York. Massachusetts contributed only two signatures and Virginia but three, Washing- ton, John Blair, and that man who next to Hamilton and perhaps Wilson, had been the most useful member of the convention, James Madison. Many delegates had plans which they presented to the conven- tion and defended with ability. The writings of a number of men outside the body, including John Adams's masterly work on Consti- tutions were carefully pondered. The claims that have been made for Pelatiah Webster, at that time a Philadelphia merchant, as the author of the main features of the Constitution require considera- tion. He had written a pamphlet entitled, "A Dissertation on the Political Union and the Constitution of the Thirteen United States of America." It was published February i6th, 1783. Like the numerous other pamphlets of the same author, it appeared anony- mously, but was included in his collected writings in 179 1. It is a most thoughtful essay, and a masterpiece of lucidity. As Mr. Web- ster, who was a man of wealth, was accustomed to distribute his pamphlets to those whom he believed w^ould be interested in them, it seems fair to suppose that nearly if not all the members of Congress received copies. As many of the suggestions, demonstrated with care and in an entertaining manner, were included in the Constitu- tion by its framers, the claim that Mr. Webster is entitled to some share of the honor attending the success of the convention is not unreasonable. The frame of government proposed by the delegates was adopted on September 17th, and the members adjourned by no means certain that their labors would meet wath the acceptance of the nine states, which must approve before it could be carried into effect. Wash- ington had been a powerful force to bring about harmony of feeling in the convention, and his advice was destined to exert an important 66 The Historical Pageant influence in the states to which the discussions were at once trans- ferred. He was the first character in America. His reputation was unsulHed by that criticism which would be launched against him when party bitternesses arose. On September i8th he set out in his chariot for Mount Vernon, parting from his friends, Robert and Gouverneur Morris, at Gray's Ferry, and reached home four days later, on Saturday evening, September 22d, "about sunset, after an absence of four months and fourteen days." The departure of the delegates from Philadelphia was the signal for such political excitement as the city had not lately, if ever, known. The sessions of the convention had been secret, and no one outside of the hall had an inkling of what the result would be. Until the finished instrument was published its character was quite unknown. That it would be unsatisfactory to many was foreseen; that its approval by a sufficient number of states to secure its adop- tion could be secured was doubtful. Pennsylvania and Delaware having had so prominent a part in the work of the body were expected to act quickly and Delaware did so, with a unanimity for which she may long feel proud, on December 7th, 1787 — in less than three months after the convention had adjourned. Pennsylvania followed on December 12th, but not without a violent party struggle. The state had long been the front and center of the French democ- racy, and their leaders at once detected in the proposed Constitution of the Union the gravest danger to popular liberty. They foresaw that the indorsement of any such principles of government as Hamil- ton and the Federalists had made to prevail in the Constitution would be fatal to those ideas which they had nursed like fanatics for more than ten years, and they w^ere determined to accomplish its defeat. If checks and balances, separate executive, judicial and legislative departments and a bicameral legislature with a house of lords, under the disguise of a senate, were to be made the pattern for America, and Montesquieu was to be made to triumph over Rous- seau, ruin was at hand for the French democrats. But if this party had wished to defeat a proper system of Federal government it should have moved earlier and prevented the sending to the convention of such men as James Wilson, Robert Morris, Gouverneur Morris and George Clymer. Aided by George Washington, Hamilton, Madison and John Dickinson, they were to The Constitution of the United States 67 all intents and purposes the authors of the instrument and the oppo- sition would need to be very active to circumvent men of so much power and intelligence. The Federalists were overwhelmingly triumphant in the city in the election of members to the convention called to ratify the Con- stitution. Their five candidates w^re James Wilson, Thomas Mc- Kean, Benjamin Rush, George Latimer and Hilary Baker. The average majority for the Constitution was about ten to one. The Pennsylvania convention was a body of sixty-nine dele- gates and it organized with Frederick A. Muhlenberg, one of the distinguished sons of the Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, of the Lutheran church at the Trappe, as its presiding officer. The battle was sharp but brief. The Anti-Federalists were greatly outvoted. On December 12th the question of ratification came before the dele- gates, and forty-six were favorable and tw^enty-three unfavorable to a "more perfect union" under the Constitution. The counties of Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Northamp- ton, Chester, York and Lancaster (excepting one vote) gave their solid support to the city in the affirmative. Berks, Dauphin, Cum- berland, Bedford, Fayette and Westmoreland, full of the wild spirit of the frontier to which the French theories had now spread, cast nineteen of the twenty-three negative votes. The next day, on December 13th, the members of the convention marched from the State House to the old court house, at Second and Market streets, where the act was solemnly proclaimed to the people. Guns were fired and bells were rung. There w^as a dinner at one of the taverns and much mutual congratulation. New Jersey's ratification came only one day later, on December 13th. Georgia followed on January 2d, 1788, Connecticut on Janu- ary 9th, Massachusetts on February 6th, Maryland on April 26th, South Carolina on May 23d, and then on June 21st, 1788, New Hampshire approved, the honor hers of being the ninth state and of making the Constitution effective. Virginia did not accede until June 25th, after a stubborn battle; New^ York not until July 26th. North Carolina gave her assent on November 21, 1789, and Rhode Island, the thirteenth state, on May 29, 1790. A number of leading Philadelphians had determined that when the ninth state had ratified the Constitution they would organize a 68 The Historical Pageant pageant. The news of the action of New Hampshire, in 1788, led to immediate preparation and the celebration was set for July 4th. The chairman of the committee of arrangements was Francis Hop- kinson, and a very remarkable demonstration ensued. The machinery must now be put in motion for the establishment of the government, and as Congress had been in session in New York since 1785, that city became the scene of the inaugural cere- monies. The Anti-Federalists were still active in Pennsylvania, and resolved upon measures looking to the amendment of the Constitu- tion in the interest of larger rights for the states and more direct popular participation in the government. They also put forth stren- uous efforts to send men of their party to Congress and to the elec- toral college to choose a president and a vice-president of the United States. In neither movement did they succeed. Thomas Fitzsim- mons and George Clymer were elected to Congress from the city and county. The successful candidates outside Philadelphia were Federalists also. The Federal electoral ticket, headed by James Wilson, swept the state. Pennsylvania's ten votes were given for George Washington for president, while eight were bestowed upon John Adams and two upon John Hancock for vice president. The date of the meeting of the first Congress was set for the first Monday in March (March 4), 1789, but the members came into New York slowly. Washington started north on April i6th. As he neared Philadelphia, he was met by a large concourse of troopers and mounted citizens. His reception at Gray's Ferry was triumphal and he pursued his way amid unexampled enthusiasm to New York, where he was inducted into office. There the capital remained until the next year. In December, 1790, the President and Congress came to Philadelphia, and for ten years this city was again the center of political interest in the Union. Here hostile forces met, here the experiment of government under the new Constitution was tried, here the Federal strength was felt and made known. After a place had been hewn out of the forests on the Potomac for the public buildings of the young nation, the agents and symbols of our central administration were transferred to the District of Columbia. Phila- delphia, which had been the capital of the United States in the eigh- teenth century with the opening of the nineteenth century, surren- dered this position to the new city of Washington. Drawing for Souvenir Post Card By Ethel Franklin Betts Bains The House in which Washington resided while he was President, on High, now Market, Street. Robert Morris's home stands at the right at the corner of Sixth Street An old Philadelphia Pageant. Procession of Victuallers in 1821 Philadelphia in the War of l8i2 69 ^{jilabelptia in ti)e OTar o{ 1812 The second war with England, toward which the country had been gravitating for many years, was brought very closely home to Philadelphians by reason of their important shipping interests. Large sums of money were invested in, and a considerable portion of the population was directly or indirectly sustained by oversea commerce. It was to be a war on the ocean, directed against inter- national trade, and much of the w^eight of the conflict fell upon the most populous, the wealthiest, and in other ways the leading city in America. The various embargoes of England and France during the period of the Napoleonic wars, the general invasion of the rights of neutral powers, and the impressment of their seamen by the bel- ligerents, led to a feeling of great resentment in the United States. For years the English and French parties in this country had been conducting a savage warfare upon each other, and while the out- rages of either power upon American shipping were now^ sufficiently great to warrant a declaration of hostilities against it, those of Eng- land seemed the greater and appealed more strongly for redress at the hands of the administration and the people. On June 28, 1807, the new^s reached Philadelphia of the British "Leopard" firing its guns on the American frigate ''Chesapeake" five days before, outside the Virginia Capes. Several men were killed and w-ounded, and some sailors, said to be deserters from the British service, were car- ried oflf. The excitement was intense, and war seemed immediately at hand. A meeting in the State House yard w^as called for July 1st. Matthew Lawler presided while Joseph Hopkinson served as secretary. Dr. Leib offered the resolutions. The old militia com- panies were hastily mobilized, and new ones were formed. At the Cock and Lion, the Harp and Eagle, the Sorrel Horse, and other taverns, men gathered together to offer their services for the defence of the city and the state. Companies w^ere formed into brigades under Brigadier-Generals Michael Bright and Michael Leib. John Barker, who supplanted John Shee as Major-General, had command over all, and issued a ringing address: 6 70 The Historical Pageant "Fly to your arms, my young soldiers! Justice is your path. Let prudence be your guide, mercy your watchword, and the Omni- potent Generalissimo that led your fathers through a long and cruel war will take charge of you and lead you to conquest and honor." As provoking as were the restrictions upon trade, chargeable to England and France, the shipping interests were still more aggrieved when this government began to retaliate with its embargoes and non-intercourse acts. The ship owners were nearly all Federalists and shared the resentment against Jefferson and the Republican party for their course in regard to Great Britain, which found more violent expression in New England, and there at length led to the Hartford Convention. The sailors, too, were in great discontent because of a lack of employment, and assembled idly and at times riotously upon the wharves. There had been a large Irish immigration during the past few years, as was evidenced by the number and prominence of Irish names in the city, and the anti-English feeling was increased by elements introduced into the population from this source. At one meeting, a body of these foreign advocates of war, carpeted the platform with a British flag and their speakers had the joy of tram- pling it under their feet as they uttered their denunciations of Eng- land. Only another spark was needed to set the country on fire, and that was provided by the affair between the American frigate "President" and the British sloop-of-war "Little Belt", off Cape Henry in May, 1811. In the autumn a war party, with Henry Clay at its head, took charge of affairs at Washington, and led the nation into hostilities with Great Britain. The militia continued to drill and engage in sham fights, but the declaration of war in June, 181 2, really found the city, as well as the nation at large, ill prepared for the contest. Colonel Winfield Scott came to Philadelphia to raise a regiment for the regular service, pitching his camp west of the Schuylkill River, near the Upper Ferry, soon departing with the men for Canada. David Moffat and other bold merchants and sea captains, fitted out privateers and the sailors who had been idle under the embargoes entered a service which called them to rich returns. Moffat "scoured the coast of Great Britain to her great annoyance and loss by his frequent captures of her merchant ships." Philadelphia in the War of l8i2 11 His best vessel was the "Rattlesnake". Trizes soon began to come into port. When the ice broke up in the Delaware River in the spring of 1 813, the Philadelphians found that they were entirely shut off from the sea. A P>ritish squadron, under Sir John Beresford, had placed itself at the Capes and blockaded the bay. This made the war seem verv real and near to the people of the city, and they were at once brought to a realization of their undefended position. At Fort Mif- flin, which had been put into some kind of order at the outbreak of the war, there were but thirteen or fourteen invalids; all the rest of the garrison had left with Winfield Scott the year before. What the British intended to do, no one quite knew, and the fear that they might sail up the river and bombard the city was never out of the people's minds. What was very well known was that they were asking for water, bullocks, and various kinds of provisions from the inhabitants of Lewes, and threatening to fire upon the town if their demands were not complied with promptly. Small craft w^re being captured, scuttled and burned, and in March, 18 13, the "Montes- quieu" of Stephen Girard, with a fine cargo from China, was seized. This vessel had left Philadelphia a few days before Christmas, 1 8 10, for Valparaiso, and had gone on to Canton, where she arrived on February 19, 181 2. In the following November she had set sail from that place on her return to Philadelphia, with a cargo valued at $164,744. The ship itself was worth from $15,000 to $20,000. Girard's captain had no inkling of the blockade, or indeed of the war. The old mariner knew w^hat added value the goods would have at this time, if he could secure them, and he sent to Sir John Beresford an offer of $180,000 if the captors w^ould release his prop- erty. This plan was agreed to and the ransom money w^as paid in coin. As usual, Girard's judgment w^as right. He succeeded in selling the cargo of the "Montesquieu" for $488,655. On April 6th the British opened their guns upon the town of Lewes, to which militiamen had been hurried from all directions, and kept up the bombardment for twenty-two hours. The injury, how- ever, w-as very trifling, and the performance resulted chiefly in fright. Some companies of volunteers were sent south w^iile this excitement lasted, but they saw no active military service. Brigadier-General Joseph Bloomfield was in command over this district, and established 72 The Historical Pageant a camp, which bore his name, near the village of Staunton on the Baltimore road. New Castle on the Delaware was only six miles away and the Head of Elk, which led to the waters of the Chesa- peake, but seventeen miles. Three or four hundred Philadelphia vol- unteers, aided by some troops from Delaware, comprised the entire force, which continued to reconnoiter the ground for several weeks. The camp was moved two or three times, and on July 26, 1813, was broken up, the companies entering Philadelphia again on the after- noon of the succeeding day. They were given a meal at "Wood- lands" and escorted with honor into the city, to be dismissed in front of the State House. The excitement now somewhat abated. It was a difficult matter to make any proper arrangements for defence because of the violence of party feeling. The Federalists, who were in control in Select Council, declared that the war was unnecessary and one not to be supported on that account. Common Council, which was Republican, was powerless without the coopera- tion of the other body. Stung into action by the indignities which the national name was compelled to suffer on land and sea at the hands of the enemy, and by a crystallization of public sentiment, practical measures were finally resolved upon. A squadron of armed galleys was set afloat upon the river. While this was not a formid- able fleet, at no time numbering more than nineteen gunboats, six barges and two block sloops, it could have offered some resistance, perhaps, to the progress of a hostile invasion, such as that which was aimed at Washington City in 1814. That outrage at once warmed the people's blood. On August 25th news came to Philadelphia of the battle of Bladensburg, and the burning of the Capitol. The city was "in the greatest agitation." The Federalists were aroused at last. Was Philadelphia safe against the small number of British soldiers who had visited so much humiliation upon the nation at Washington? The army might be in Baltimore in a few days; in a few days more in Philadelphia, the old capital and the principal city of the republic. A town meeting called for the State House yard for the next day brought out citizens of all ages, classes and parties. Thomas McKean, now eighty years old, presided. "This is not a time for speaking," he said, "but a time for action." Joseph Reed, the son of the Joseph Reed of Revolutionary times, was the secretary. A Philadelphia in the War of 1812 73 committee of defence was appointed, headed by Charles Biddle. The names upon it included Jared Ingersoll, John Sergeant, Thomas Leiper, George Lattimer, Thomas Cadwalader, General John Steele, General John Barker, Mayor John Geyer, Manuel Eyre, Michael Leib, Condy Raguet, Jonathan Williams, John Barclay and John Naglee. They organized at once, and appointed four persons for each of the fourteen wards of the city, twenty-one for the districts of the Northern Liberties and Penn Township, and twenty-six for South wark, Moyamensing and Passyunk. It was the duty of these committeemen to urge the able-bodied men of their respective neigh- borhoods to enroll themselves in military companies for the city's defence. Signals of alarm were agreed upon. At six guns Ored in succession at Fort Mifflin, at the Navy Yard, or at the Arsenal, drums would beat to arms and all the soldiers of every kind would rendezvous in Broad Street. The people were in fright, and many left for the interior with their money and goods. Stephen Girard engaged ten Conestoga wagons to take away a quantity of silver, silks and nankeens, to Reading. He entrusted this caravan to the care of a young apprentice, William Wagner, remembered as the founder of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Plans were laid to impede the progress of the enemy, if news were received of his march toward the city. All horses, cattle and vehicles were to be driven into the interior, out of reach, so that no facilities of transportation should be left to the invaders. Pro- visions of all kinds were to be removed or destroyed. The lower box and the spear in every pump were to be taken out so that the wells could not be drawn upon for water. Passes in the roads were to be stopped by felling trees and throwing them across the way. An "indispensable wheel" was to be taken from every mill on the probable route of march. While these measures promised a rather puerile resistance, they seemed to be the best which the ingenuity of the people, with their limited means, could devise. A number of forts and other works of defence were hastily thrown up on the western side of the city — at Gray's Ferry; at a place near "Woodlands," named "Fort Hamilton," in honor of the Hamiltons who interested themselves in the undertaking; in a situ- ation commanding the Lancaster pike; and on the south side of the hill called Fairmount. An effort was made to command all of the 74 The Historical Pageant southern roads. These fortifications were planned by Colonel I. Fonciu, a French officer resident in the city, and other competent engineers, and the work was done by the citizens in turn. The members of various trades and other organizations contributed their services gratuitously for one day. There were parties composed of 400 victualers, 300 hatters and brickmakers, the crew of the priva- teer "Washington," 300 cordwainers, 500 "friendly aliens," 510 Free Masons, 2200 "sons of Erin, citizens of the United States," 650 col- ored men, 540 men from the German societies. Silversmiths, artists, doctors, lawyers, took up the pick and spade. In all, 15,000 persons worked upon the forts for one day each. Many who could not assist with their own hands, gave money to forward the end in view. Every morning between five and six o'clock, from September 3d to October 1st, a crowd of these volunteers with their food in knapsacks and handkerchiefs, left the city and trudged out to the scene of their labors. As a rule, each party had its fife and drum. A Scotchman named James McAlpin, dressed as a Highlander, played on the bag- pipes, as he led some thirty other Scots, each with a spade, out Market street to the redoubts. Grog was generously dealt out, and for many the service was a grand frolic. Others gave a care to the better defence of the Delaware. The most important undertaking in this direction was the fortification of the Pea Patch, a shoal on which the reeds nodded in the tide some distance below New Castle. Great activity was manifested at the Arsenal on the Gray's Ferry road, and the city was scoured for cannon, muskets, powder and balls, uniforms and other military material. General Bloomfield, who was still the military commander in Philadelphia and its neighborhood, took charge of the volunteers. Large bodies of them were drilled in the State House yard and in the Southeast Square. Several hundred were encamped beyond the Schuylkill near the line of the Lancaster pike. All the old com- panies and several new ones were formed into one body, known as the "Advance Light Brigade." Now, as before, the value of Du- Pont's powder works near Wilmington as booty for the enemy was well understood. Both the Delaware and the Chesapeake approaches to the city were to be guarded. With all these ends in mind. General Bloomfield determined to establish a camp at Kennett Square, in Philadelphia in the War of l8l2 75 southern Chester County. This place was only about thirteen miles from Wilmington and within easy reach of the Elk River. The First City Troop proceeded to Mount Bull, a height overlooking the Chesapeake, and formed a chain of videttes extending to the camp and on up to Philadelphia. They thus performed the most useful sentry and scouting service. The camp at Kennett Square was named Camp Bloomfield. Here was assembled the Franklin Flying Artillery, Richard Bache, captain; the Independent Artillerists, the Junior Artillerists, the Northern Liberty Artillerists, the Washington Guards, an organiza- tion of Federalists, handsomely uniformed and well drilled; the Inde- pendent Blues, Peter A. Browne, captain; the Union Guards and other organizations, with names long ago forgotten. Only one do we know to-day, and this was the third company of the "First Regi- ment of Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry," as it was called for this service, the State Fencibles, and its captain, Clement C. Biddle became the colonel of the regiment. When he was advanced to this post, the company passed under the immediate command of Hart- man Kuhn, numbering such young men in its ranks as Henry C. Carey, James Page, Isaac W. Norris, Charles V. Hagner, Richard Willing, Joseph R. Ingersoll, Samuel P. Wetherill, Thomas Dunlap, Charles Grice, Henry J. Biddle, James Barclay, William L. Sonntag, Jr., and Joseph B. McKean. The company had been formed on May 26, 1 81 3, and it is still in existence after a continuous history of nearly one hundred years. The State Fencibles were the first to leave the city for the new camp. General Thomas Cadwalader commanded the brigade, while John Hare Powel was brigade-major, and Richard McCall and John G. Biddle aides-de-camp. The volun- teers were reinforced by some companies of regulars, and they were in this situation under these officers when the news came of the landing on September 12th, at North Point, only twelve miles away from Baltimore, of the transports, laden with the troops which had so lately devastated Washington. Their object now was the destruc- tion of the city on the Chesapeake. The word was soon passed to Philadelphia where men wrought themselves into the greatest excitement. It reached its height around the post office which at this time was situated in a building in Third street above Chestnut, later converted into the well-known 76 The Historical Pageant Judd's Hotel. Crowds of men and women, the old and the young, met here to glean the latest news, and to discuss the military outlook. On September 12th the British General Ross had been killed, but the American militiamen were routed by the seasoned regulars of the enemy who pushed on toward Baltimore. They found their way obstructed and it was evening of the next day before they reached the guarded height surrounding the city. The ships bombarded Fort McHenry, and the other works in the river without avail for twenty-five hours. The land forces attempted some scaling opera- tions, but at length firing ceased and on the morning of the 14th it was discovered that the British had returned to their boats. One who was present on the 15th, when Philadelphia received the grate- ful tidings, says: "Upon reaching the corner of Fourth and Chestnut streets, which was accomplished with considerable difficulty, as the streets were packed with men, women and children, we heard the horn of the express rider. Down Chestnut he came at a full gallop, the crowd opening right and left. He pulled up at the corner and after a pause of a few moments, during which an awful silence reigned, and nothing was heard but the quick and heavy breathing of the horse and rider, he cried out in as loud a tone of voice as he could command. 'The d — d British have been defeated at North Point and their general. Lord Ross, is killed;' and then such a fierce cry of triumph, such cheers I have never heard equalled since that memor- able night. The streets were packed in every direction, * * * The cry of 'Huzza for the brave Baltimoreans ! Our city is safe!' was taken up by the immense throng and echoed far and wide." Another with memories of this time wrote of the shouting and hurrahing, the clapping of hands and the throwing up of hats and caps when the news came in: "All the way from Third and Market down to Dock, around to the Merchant's Cofifee House, Second and Walnut streets, and along Chestnut up to the State House there was one constant blaze of excitement. One old fellow, a jolly old landlord of a noted hotel down town, was so full of joy that he pulled off his coat and hat at Third and Chestnut streets and hur- rahed until he came to South street. His excitement raised a crowd which he addressed lustily. Others took the fever and it Philadelphia i?i the War of 1812 77 spread rapidly in all the southern districts; so in the north it was spread in the same way by other old 'seventy-sixers.' " The excitement grew less, but despite their repulse at Balti- more there was still no assurance that the British might not yet appear in the Delaware. The Committee of Defence urged the Secretary of War to send them a commander of the first rank, either General Winfield Scott or General Edmund Pendleton Gaines. Scott, since he had left the city for the northern frontier, had made a great name for himself. At the battle of Lundy's Lane, late in July, he had had two horses shot from under him. He was wounded in the side and later in the day was shot through the shoulder. After lying for a month in New York State, he was able to come to Philadelphia to receive treatment from Dr. Physick. He arrived by w^ay of Princeton in September, and was escorted into town with much ceremony, later to be dined at Renshaw's new Mansion House Hotel at Eleventh and Market streets. He was already so far advanced toward recovery that he was urged to take command in this district. But the plan must be abandoned, and General Gaines early in October established his headquarters in the city. The Philadelphia troops at Kennett Square moved their ground on September 17, and drew nearer to Wilmington. Two camps, called Camp Brandywine and Camp Du Pont, were suc- cessively established in the neighborhood. The men remained in the field through the cold rains of November, but reached home again early in the afternoon of Friday, December 2d. The cavalry and infantry companies which had stayed in town met the return- ing soldiers west of the Schuylkill, and they together entered the city by way of the Market street bridge. At Eleventh and Market streets General Gaines reviewed the men from his headquarters, and they passed to the State House, where they were mustererd out of duty, the heroes of a bloodless campaign. During the progress of the war many of its revered figures came to Philadelphia, and they were shown those attentions for which the city had long been famous. As the principal commer- cial and financial centre of the republic, its literary and publishing centre, the seat of the best hotels, some of the finest American homes and the most interesting society — still controlled as it was 78 The Historical Pageant by the memories of the brilliant days when it had been the capital of the United States — it held its predominant place in the view of visitors. Foreigners who had not seen the city had not seen the country at all. Americans who did not visit it from time to time could be accounted little traveled men and women. It was on the high road between North and South ; it was the principal outfitting station and entrepot for the West. The city which had so many interests allying it with the sea sent a number of young men into the naval service, and their achievements awakened a deep feeling of pride. There were at hand swords, pieces of plate, silverware, dinners and votes of thanks for its gallant sons. Other heroes of the war who visited the city were as hospitably welcomed. The spirit of celebration reached its height on the receipt of the news of General Jackson's signal victory at New Orleans. The battle was fought on January 8th, but word of it was not received in Philadelphia until the 5th of February. Then the ships in the harbor fired salutes and flung their colors to the breeze. The streets were filled with huzzaing people. A week later news came of the signing of the treaty of peace. Mayor Wharton suggested a gen- eral illumination of the city on the evening of February 15th. The Schuylkill bridges were lighted; Paul Beck's shot tower, on the Schuylkill river near the foot of Arch street, rose up into the night "like a pillar of fire, the top being crowned with one hundred and sixty lamps." Illuminated arches were thrown over Eighth street at Callowhill, Market and Locust streets. Peale's Museum at the State House, the Chestnut Street Theatre, the Masonic Hall, the office of Poulson's Advertiser, the house at the northeast corner of Ninth and Market streets of Jacob Gerard Koch, the merchant who in 181 2 had ofTered to build a ship of war for the government at his own expense, and many other private residences, were bril- liantly lighted and decorated. Jackson's name was in every mouth. A ball was given in his honor in May at the Vauxhall Garden, a new place of amusement at the northeast corner of Broad and Walnut streets. He was toasted at the dinners on the Fourth of July, and prominently mentioned for the Presidency. The city played a more important, if less picturesque, part in the war through its large financial operations in behalf of the gov- Philadelphia ifi the War of 1812 79 ernment whose credit at this time was sorely impaired. Stephen Girard, the old French merchant and mariner, who had become one of the wealthiest men in the Union, purchased a lot of bonds from the Secretary of the Treasury when the need was great, as did John Jacob Astor and Jacob Barker, of New York, the latter a wvirm patriot whose family has now for long been a part and parcel of the population of Philadelphia. Another who gave the country financial aid in this grave time was David Parish, of Philadelphia, for several years a notable figure in American finance. He had come here from Antwerp in 1805 as the agent of Hope and Company to direct one of the gigantic financial operations which marked the Napoleonic wars. He lived at one time in the handsome McCall mansion on Second street, and later at the corner of Seventh and Walnut streets, facing Wash- ington Square. Famous men enjoyed the hospitality of this sump- tuous home. He was able and willing to lend his own credit and that of some leading financiers with whom he had connections in Europe, and the city bore an honorable part in the business of making it possible for a country poorly prepared for war to drive the invaders back into their ships. For a second time a triumph over Great Britain had been won. The government which had been proclaimed in 1776, which had been established in 1787 and the few years following that eventful date, was now entrenched in the hearts of its own people and confirmed in its place in the great inter- national family of states. '*^iif^M ^^^MJ^j^^*}^ A view of Philadelphia from the Delaware River in 1753 jrfSM^^flte^-' ■< '--■■■Is ■ ' W.Wf^ii* i^*i • ^'-•■i"> %--I-^r?7*^U^ * V ., t. X%,i;--- fe k#7ea;j^ j^ ^t»|t^1 ^ (^ Jr^t;^'J&«. 'S Bettering House and Pennsylvania Hospital (at the right) on Spruce Street before the Revolution I^i'Storical Bageatit 10lttlai>clphi J&ctobcr 7- li , 1912 r- ,/%.". /«\ M Drawing for Souvenir Post Card By Mrs. Henry Wireman *' Belmont*'— The Pageant Field in History 8l "Pelmont* — ^Ije pageant Jfielb in i|igtorp "Belmont," once the country seat of Richard Peters, who was long a Judge in the United States District Court, and the host of many of the celebrities from Europe who visited Philadelphia, then the capital city of the nation, as well as the foremost men in our own history, stands on the highest ground in West Fairmount Park. The elevation above tidewater at this point is 200 feet. William Peters, the father of Judge Peters, and brother of the Rev. Dr. Richard Peters, the rector of Christ Church, is believed to have come to this country from England about the year 1740. The exact year does not appear to be accurately known. The tract long distinguished as "Belmont," however, was purchased by William Peters from Ruth Jones, widow of Daniel Jones, in July, 1742. The new owner of the property seems to have erected a small stone house soon after that year, for his son, Judge Richard Peters, was born there in June, 1744. The estate to which the new owner gave the name of "Belmont," evidently with remembrance of the seat of Bas- sanie's Portia, in "The Merchant of Venice," contained 220 acres, and included the island in the Schuylkill River, still known as Peters' Island. The situation was one of the finest in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. At that date it was within the jurisdiction of Blockley Township, and it extended from the borders of the "Lansdowne" estate on the south to what in recent years has been known as *'Chamounix," the Johnson property, both now parts of Fairmount Park. The Peters estate was increased by further purchases until in the year 1801 it contained 282 acres, and extended back to George's Hill. Its main road was connected with Ford Road, later called Monument Road. Just before the Revolution, William Peters retired to England, where he remained until his death. During those years of anxiety and struggle, his son, Richard, successfully managed the great prop- erty, and in 1786, we find William Peters and his wife conveying the title of the estate to Richard, "in recompense for the long and dutiful 82 The Historical Pageant and faithful service rendered by their said son in the conduct and management of the estate and affairs of him, the said Richard Peters, for the period of nineteen years past; with the intent also that the said family-seat shall remain in the family and name of him, the said William Peters, and also in consideration of 724 pounds, 13s. gd." To the original small stone house, a rather magnificent mansion was later added, but whether by William Peters or by his son has not been satisfactorily determined. Even this mansion has been largely effaced, though many traces of its old glory remain. Probably no seat in America during the closing years of the eighteenth century entertained so many of the great men of the time. The family was one of wealth, and it was not wealth acquired in this country. William Peters, the original owner, was for a time secre- tary of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania; certainly he was acting in that capacity in the year 1755. The following year we find him military secretary to Lieutenant-Governor Robert Hunter Morris. In 1757, he accompanied Governor Denny to negotiate the Indian Treaty at Easton. He was variously connected with the Pro- vincial Government until the dawn of the Revolution, to which, while he took no active part, he was known to have been opposed. His son, Richard, who had been educated in the college of Philadelphia, later the University of Pennsylvania, whence he grad- uated in 1 76 1, was wholly American. At the first alarm he was with the patriots. He became secretary of the Board of War, which position he held throughout the Revolution, or until February, 1781, when under the Articles of Confederation, he was elected Secretary of War of the United States, which office he held until October of the same year, when he was succeeded by General Lincoln. Richard Peters was one of the small group of scholars to be found in this country in his time. He was a good Latin and Greek man and was acquainted with both French and German. After the war, he made a visit to England and successfully represented the condition of the American congregations of the Church of England. It was under an arrangement which he made while there that Wil- liam White was ordained a bishop at Lambeth in 1787. On his return to his native country Richard Peters was elected to the Assembly, and served as speaker of that body for two terms. On the organization of the new government under the Constitution, *'Belmonf'—The Pageant Field in History 83 President Washington ai)pointed him one of the judges of the Dis- trict Court in Pennsylvania. But it was the social side of Judge Peters which is most inter- esting and for which he is best recalled. He is said to have had an unrivalled wit, which was the delight of his friends. Washington was a frequent visitor to "Belmont." On one occa- sion, just before he retired from the presidency, he planted a fine walnut tree on the place. Many years later Lafayette also planted a tree. Both grew to splendid maturity and flourished for many years. A list of the famous men of the Revolution and the great travellers from Europe who visited "the tasty little box," in "the most enchanting spot that Nature can embellish," as the Marquis of Chastellux described the mansion in 1780, would be a very long one. No guest of note failed to drive out from the city to visit Judge Peters at "Belmont." The estate after his death in 1828 remained in the possession of his family, but, when the Columbia Railroad was built in 1832, the quiet of the country-seat was disturbed by the operations of the Inclined Plane. In 1867, when Fairmount Park was enlarged, "Bel- mont" w^as acquired for public use, together with the large tracts adjoining — "Lansdowne," "Sweet Brier," etc. The old mansion, remodelled to some extent, was converted into a restaurant, and this it has since remained. In 1876, during the great Centennial Expo- sition, the pageant field served as the site of the Agricultural Build- ing. To Belmont Station at the foot of the field at the river side crowds of people came daily to visit the great international festival in honor of the one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence. 84 The Historical Pageant Conbenerg of tfje Vetoing parties MRS. MORRIS LLEWELLYN COOKE MRS. SARA P. SNOWDEN MITCHELL MRS. SARA LOUISA OBERHOLTZER MISS M. BERTHA STUART MRS. FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS MRS. ANNA REZER MRS. CHARLES L. MITCHELL MRS. ELIZABETH F. POTTS MISS MARY E. PARKER MISS MARY S. HOLMES MRS. T. WORCESTER WORRELL MRS. GARDINER WILKINS MRS. HELENA SCHUEHLER MEMBERS OF THE SEWING PARTIES MISS FANNY D. ABBOT MRS. RICHARD C. ALLEN MISS MARY P. ALLEN MRS. I. AMBROSE MISS JULIA ARNER MRS. B. R. BOGGS MRS. SYLVANIA PENN BULKLEY MRS. IDA BULLEY MRS. W. H. BROOKS MISS MARY BURROUGHS MRS. C. E. BUZ BY MRS. LAURA BECK MRS. RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG MRS. HARRY CARVER MISS ELIZABETH CHAPMAN MRS. LOUISA CLARK MRS. MARTHA COOPER MRS. ROBERT T. CORSON MRS. THOMAS CREIGHTON MISS MABEL CORSON COUNTESS DE SANTA EULALIA MISS LENA COTTMAN MISS M. AUGUSTA CUTLER MRS. WILLIAM DANIELS MRS. JOHN DAVIS MISS HELEN DEVERUX MRS. MARY DISNEY MISS DITMAN MRS. JAMES E. DOW MISS ROSA DUCKWORTH MISS FLORENCE DUNLOP MISS ANNETTE DUTT MISS BARBARA V. EARHART MISS BESSIE H. EARHART MISS MABEL W. EDDY MRS. W. EDWARDS MRS. W. T. EWING MRS. L. M. EVANS MISS EMMA ESCHSTRUTH MRS. IDA ESSER MRS. CHARLES A. FARNUM MRS. FAUGHT MRS. F. L. FOWLER MISS REBA GARWOOD MRS. J. C. GOUGH MRS. ANNA GLENN MRS. WILLIAM JEFFERSON GUERNSEY MRS. GUERNSEY A. HALLOWELL MRS. JULIAN T. HAMMOND, JR. MISS LILLIE M. HEINSOATH MISS IDA HOLTZBAUER MISS EMILY HOLTZBAUER MISS MARIAN S. HILLES MRS. FERDINAND W. HORMANN MISS MARY HORROCKS MISS ELIZA B. HORROCKS MRS. MARY HUGHES MRS. HANNAH K. HUMMEL MRS. FRANK M. HUTCHINSON MRS. EMELINE F. HAMMET MRS. FRANK IRISH MISS HELEN T. IDE MRS. WALTER M. JAMES MRS. T. W. JACKSON MISS DOMICELLA JEFFERIES MRS. URETTA J. JOHNSON MISS GERTRUDE JOHNSON MISS LILLIE JACKSON MRS. T. W. JENKINS MRS. J. E. JONES MISS JENNIE C. JONES MRS. ANNA R. JONES MRS. CLARENCE KAEBER MRS. ROBERT KEEN MRS. M. KEENAN MISS IRMA KIR3Y MRS. JOSEPHINE KINKERTER MRS. CURTIS KUHNERT MRS. GORDON LEVIS MRS. J. BAKER LEVIS MRS. LEROY LEVIS MISS LOBENGAER MISS HARRIET T. LEWIS MRS. SAMUEL P. LUMMUS MRS. M. D. LEARNED o o 3 3 (1) t- 43 K Sewing Parties 85 MEMBERS OF THE SEWING PARTIES— Continued MRS. H. E. MABURY MISS SARAH MANSFIELD MISS M. CLARA MARKLE MRS. JOSEPH MASS MRS. JAMES MEAD MRS. LENA MAHAFFEY MISS EMMA T. MANN MRS. J. CLARK MILLER MRS. SAMUEL V. MENCH MRS. S. MITCHELL MRS. C. MITCHELL MISS LULU MITCHELL MISS SARA MILLS MRS. JOSEPH P. MUMFORD MRS. JOHN McBRIDE MISS ROSE McDonald MRS. CHARLES P. McLEAN MRS. EDWARD MacINALL MISS SYLVANIA MacVAUGH MRS. MARTIN NIXON-MILLER MRS. A. R. F. NESBITT MISS ELIZA OBERHOLTZER MRS. CLARA OGDEN MRS. ISABEL I. OTTER MRS. ALFRED PEIFFER MRS. NATHAN PENNYPACKER MRS. MAY PINKEHAM MISS JOSEPHINE POPE MISS M. PETERSON MISS E. POTTER MRS. E. POTTS MRS. F. A. PRESSELL MISS EMELINE POTTS MISS BRIDGET QUINLIVAN MISS ELSIE I. REIZ MISS MARTHA I. REIZ MRS. FRANK READ MRS. MAGGIE REZER MRS. D. STUART ROBINSON MRS. THOMAS ROBERTS MRS. ELIZABETH ROBINSON MISS CONNIE SALTER MRS. CARL SCHNEIDER MRS. GRANT SHIELDS MISS LYDIA B. SMEDLEY MISS CAROLINE W. SMEDLEY MISS MARGARET SMITH MISS ANNA M. SMITH MRS. USELMA SMITH MRS. GEORGE H. SMITH MISS HANNAH C. SPARKS MISS MARY STUARD MISS ANNETTA V. STUART MISS EMILY M. STUART MRS. NELLIE STAUDENMAGER MRS. WALTER H. STERLING MRS. WILLIAM STANSFIELD MISS EMILY F. SEAL MRS. JOSEPH STONE MRS. JUSTICE TAYLOR MRS. J. B. THOMAS MRS. EDWARD LEE TILTON MRS. MORRIS THOMAS MISS MARY THOMPSON MRS. MARY VAN DUESEN MISS C. VanGILDER MRS. CORA VICKERS MRS. E. WAGER-SMITH MISS FLORENCE WARREN MRS. R. E. WILLIAMS MISS ANNA WOOLMAN MISS EDNA R. WORRELL MRS. ANNA WILLIS MRS. MAMIE WILSON MRS. ROBERT WILLIAMS MISS SUSAN B. WRIGHT MRS. RICHARD YERKES MISS ELIZABETH C. YOUNG r Advertisements 87 1 Index to Advertisements Ahra.Mvc Material C<) i.^.^ Alpliia Knitting Mills N4 Alta Friendly Society lo:) American A.!;ricultural Chemical Co..-- l<5 American 1 )ye Works 196 American Line ^7" American Pulley Co 1-^6 Andrew's Mill Co I97 Apartment P'lals it^J Autocar Company I7- Ayer. N. W.. & Son 201 Harrow. \V. Bruce i/O ilaton. Henry K I59 Bergman, A I94 Best Kid Co i-^o Bioren & Co lOl Boch. Anthony 93 Bond. Charles. Co 131 Bonwit. Teller & Co 93 Boycrtown Burial Casket Co 166 Bradley, Milton, Co 1 17 Brann & Stuart Co 160 Buchanan Co., Geo. H I99 Burton, Andrew. Co i54 Caldwell. J. E.. & Co 90 Cantrcll Construction Co 160 Capper, John I9- Carson, John W I97 Carstairs & Brown 103 Carver, C. R.. Co I95 Chandler Bros. & Co loi Chapin, George W I94 Christ Bros. Mfg. Co 198 Clark's Iron Foundry 1-^7 Cleveland Worsted Mills Co 150 Colonial Trust Co 99 Commonwealth Title Insurance and Trust Co 96 Connell, Joseph R 170 Continental Dye Works 186 Continental Motel 187 Cope, E. M., & Co 152 Costello & Co 159 Cox's, C. A., Sons 186 Cramp, Mitchell & Shober 100 Crowther. Harry 131 Dannenbaum's, L.. Son &: Co 140 Day & Zinnnermami if" De Frain Sand Co 158 Delise, Donalo 185 Den^ler, Daniel S., & Son. Inc 114 Dennison Mfg. Co 106 Dick Brothers & Co 102 Dilkes, G., & Co 1-^2 Diller, Caskey & Keen 126 Disston, Henry, & Sons, Inc 123 Doak, James G., & Co 159 Dorey, Daniel I43 Dorney, James D 185 Dunlai) Printing Co 177 Dyer, John T., Quarry Co 132 Eagle Suspender & Belt Co., Inc 199 Eastlakc Mfg. Co I57 Edgewater Finishing Co I49 Edmonds, G. W., & Co 136 Eisenmann, John, & Co 188 Electric EH'e Works 1 54 Elevator Construction & Repair Co.... ni Elkins, Krumbhaar & Morris 98 Ellison, John B., & Sons I37 Ellsworth, A. M., Inc 190 Empire Auto Top Co., Inc I74 Enterprise Stove Works 126 Flrnst Bros., Bernhard I99 Felton, Sibley & Co., Inc 168 Fenton Label Co., Inc 107 Finberg, Benjamin 170 Fleischman's, V. M., Bakery 178 Foerderer, Robert H.. Inc 118 Foley, John A 152 Foster, Benjamin, Co 166 Frankford Waste Co I53 Fraternal Mystic Circle 107 Freihofer V. M. Baking Co 114 Fritz. Horace H 169 Gaede, Miss 181 Gailey, Davis, & Co 176 Galbraith, John 184 Genth, Charles 11 183 Girard Life Insurance Co 103 Girard National Bank 102 Glase, Hall & Boles 140 Globe Indemnity Co 198 Graves, X. Z.. Co 167 Grim. R. E I73 (iroswitb. Charles T 162 I lalkett. Rogers & Co., Inc I94 Hall. Amos H.. Son & Co 130 L. -J 88 r The Historical Pageant ■^ Hamilton Court io8 Harris, T. A., & Co iS6 Hasselberg Bros 197 Hastings & Co 120 Harvey Carpet Co 1 79 Heinemann, Geo.. & Co 187 Hell wig Silk Dyeing Co 156 Henry & West 99 Herb, M 186 Hess-Bright Mfg. Co 127 Higgins, Robert 190 Hires Co., Charles E 191 Hodgson & Beatty 180 Hohlfeld Mfg. Co 156 Hoskins, Wm. H., Co 165 Hotel Hanover 108 Hughes & Russum 128 Hulton Dyeing & Finishing Co., Inc.. 154 Humphrys, D. C, Co 198 Huneker & Son, Inc 133 Independence Trust Co 98 Indu.strial Tape Mills Co 148 Insinger Co 121 International Mercantile Marine Lines. 176 Irvin, Harold C 168 J. M. Shock Absorber Co I73 Jackson, J. T., Co 169 Jefferson Fire Insurance Co 105 Jefferson Machine Works 183 Jermyn, W., & Sons I33 Johnson, Chas. Eneu, & Co 188 Jordan. J. H 186 Kedward, Wm., Dyeing Co 156 Keith's, B. F., Theatre 107 Kendle, F. Mellen 190 Ketcham, O. W 162 Keystone Coal & Coke Co 136 Keystone Leather Co 182 Keystone Mutual Fire Insurance Co... 104 Klebansky, Wolf 188 Kohn, Adler & Co 140 Kreeger & Connolly 193 Krewson, T. C 197 Krumm, A. C, & Son 113 Kuhn, J. S. & W. S., Inc lOi Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co 135 Lentz, Charles, & Sons 120 Lesher- Warner Dry Goods Co 139 Lewis, H. & W. H 151 Lindley, George W 129 Linton. Horace. & Bro 178 Lippincott, J. B., Co 116 Lippincott, Johnson & Co 179 Liverpool and London and Globe Ins. Co., Ltd 198 Logan Trust Co 99 Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Co 176 Lorimer's, W^m. H., Sons' Co 155 Lucas, John, & Co 168 Lymam Tire & Rubber Co 174 McAdoo & Allen 119 McCahan, W. J., Sugar Refining Co... no McKee & Co 136 McNeely & Price 119 McNiece, Wm., & Son 126 Mader, Frank 189 Manton Mutual Fire Ins. Co 104 Manufacturing Company of America.. 114 Margerison, W. H. & A. E., & Co 148 Mark, Frank, Contracting Co 161 Martin, John 184 Maxwell & Berlet. Inc 91 Meehan, Thomas, & Sons 115 Mellor & Petry 102 Metz, M. A 144 Meyer, Robert 155 Miller, Bain, Beyer & Co 139 Miller, Charles W 169 Mitchell Bros 178 Montague & Co in Montgomery, Wm.. & Co in Moore, Alfred F 163 Moore & White Co 192 Moxey, Edward P., & Co 103 Mueller, A. E., & Co 170 Murphy-Parker Co 122 Mutual Machine Works 128 National Chewing Gum Co 113 National Mutual Assurance Co 104 National Surety Co 105 Nice, Eugene E 168 O'Neill, Jerry, & Co 185 Otis Elevator Co 127 Otto Gas Engine Works 128 Pabst & Co 195 Paiste. H. T.. Co 164 Park Hotel (The) 109 Patterson. Robt.. & Son 161 Patton, Robert 160 Penn Dye Works 1 54 Pcnn Mutual Life Insurance Co 104 Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities.. 95 Pequignot. Z.J 92 Perry, Fergus I55 Philadelphia Felt Co 152 Philadelphia Gear Works 182 Philadelphia Metallic Bed Co 121 Philadelphia Sa.sh Weight Works 129 Philadelphia Saving Fund Society 94 Philadelphia Textile Machinery Co.... 128 Phosphor Bronze Smelting Co 132 L. -J Advertisements r 89 Tl Pilling & Madclcv, liic nj.^ Pioneer SuspeniKr Co 141 Provident l.ifi' \- 'i'riist Co gj Priulontial Worsted Co 150 Pullman Taxicab Co 171 Kan, William 11 iy5 Read, Wm. 1"\, & Sons Co 143 l\rill\ . Thomas iS,^ l\i.uner. -M i_'l Ueyhurn Mfg. Co 1 20 l\iilg\va_\ Refrigerator Co I(j8 iviehm Knitting Mills, Inc 152 i\ienzi, Luigi 92 Kittenli.iuse (The) 108 Roberts Eleetric Snpjjly Co., H. C 165 Roberts Embroidery Co 1 53 Roelofs, Henry H., & Co 145 Roosevelt Worsted Mills 194 R<\val ( The ) 109 Royle, George, & Co 149 Samuel, Frank 129 Saunders, W. B., Co 202 Schell, Longstreth & Co 142 Schnitzler, Charles II 121 Seholler Bros. Co 157 Schrack & Sherwood 166 Schwarz Wheel Co 1 73 Schweigart Bros ig6 Schwenk & Caldwell 114 Sellers. Wm., & Co., Inc 125 Sbeip & Vandegrift, Inc 191 Sheppard, Isaac A., & Co 124 Shoemaker, Benjamin H 130 Siefert, Theo. F 92 Siner, H. M. & C. B 200 Smalley, W. V 193 Scbmalzbach. S 181 Smedley Bros. Co 198 Smith, H. B., Co 177 Smith, Robert, Sons 113 Smith, Thomas B., Co 105 Southern, Wm. B 165 .Soutbweslern Xalinnal I'ank 98 Sower, Christopher, Co 117 Sprague Worsted Mills 199 Standard Refrigerator Co 177 Star & Crescent Co 150 Stead & Miller Co 146 Sternbcrger, Samuel, Co 143 Supplee Hardware Co 131 Swoyer, Jos. O., & Co 142 Taulane, Lewis A 187 Tioga Steel & Iron Co 198 The Autocar Co 172 The Park Hotel 109 'Ihe Riltenhouse 108 The Royal 109 Thomson, Peter 93 Thurber, Stephen 183 Turner Concrete Steel Co 189 Union Casualty Insurance Co 180 Union Paving Co 162 United Fruit Co 175 Univer.sal Dye Works 151 Walton, Jacob W., Sons 115 Warnick, Benjamin C, & Co 99 Webb, Charles J., & Co 142 Weber. F., & Co 165 Weightman Hotels 108-109 Weimar Brothers 147 Wenger, Morris, Inc 181 Westmoreland Coal Co 134 Wetherill, Geo. D., & Co., Inc 184 Whetstone & Co., Inc 130 Whiteside & McLanahan 169 Wick Narrow Fabric Co 146 Williamson & Cassedy 131 Wilson, James L., & Co 141 Wilson, Wm. H., & Co 187 Wolf & Co 197 Wolfington's, Alex., Son 174 Woll, F. P., & Co 198 Young, Charles W., & Co 112 Young, Smyth, Field Co 138 L. - I I - J 90 The Historical Pageant In all the pomps and pageants of the world. the jewel has been pre eminently the fore- most decoration, the caldwell collections pre sent most unusual advant\ges forthe selection of r\re pearls and pearl necklaces; diamonds and colored gems of highest quauty in mountings of unique individuality. Advertisements 91 PENDANT TtCLA SAPPHIRE AND GENUINE DIAMONDS BAYADERE— TECL.A PEARLS AND GENUINE DIAMONDS COURTESY OF MAXWELL &. BERLET, incorporated Walnut Street at 16th. Philadelphia M arlborough-Blenheim, Atlantic City, N. J. SOLE PHILADELPHIA AND ATLANTIC CITY AGENTS FOR TECLA 92 The Historical Pageant 1 I AuA/i- 4 the CJracCe PhilaLdelpKia. THIRD CITY, U. S. A. ■^ Z. J. PEQUIGNOT JEWELS IMPORTER OF PEARLS AND NECKLACES CREATOR OF COLLIERS PLAQUES, TIARAS AND OTHER JEWELED ADORNMENTS 1331 Walnut Street LUIGI RIENZI IMPORTER 1714 Walnut Street Philadelphia Millinery Furs Gowns For all occasions L J Advertiscni cuts 93 r ^ Chestnut and Thirteenth Streets Announce An Authoritative Display o f Aut umn and Winter Fashions High Grade Wearing Apparel for Women, Misses and Girls Importations direct from the most important Coutouriers of Europe together with our own creations, and the choicest motifs of the foremost American makers are on view. Oar styles you will find exclusive and our prices decidedly moderate. New York BoNwiT, Teller ^ Co. PHILADELPHIA Paris Sailor Suits a Specialty No Agencies Made to Order Only PETER THOMSON Cailor For Men, Women and Children 1118 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA AND 634 FIFTH AVENUE opposite St. Patrick's Cathedral NEW YORK, N. Y. L ANTHONY BOCH 129 South Thirteenth Street (new location) Wig Making and Ladies' Hair Goods I — I Furnisher of all the wigs and making-up for this Pageant J 94 r The Historical Pageant -I 1 - ■^ The Philadelphia Saving Fund Society 700 to 710 Walnut Street Established December 2, 1816 Incorporated February 25, 1819 THE PRESENT OFFICE BUILDING of THE OLDEST SAVING BANK IN AMERICA July 1, 1912 Assets, $120,488,400.81 Deposits, $107,678,256.96 Number of Depositors, 276,978 OFFICERS G. COLESBERRY PURVES, President JAMES M. WILLCOX, Vice-President SAMUEL WOODWARD, Secretary and Treasurer ALVIN S. FENIMORE, Assistant Secretary THOMAS J. BECK, Assistant Treasurer J. PERCY KEATING, Solicitor L. John T. Lewis, Jr. Edward H. Coates H. W^. Biddle John T. Morris G. Assheton Carson Effingham B. Morris Arthur E. Newbold AA/illiam 'W. Justice MANAGERS C. S. W. Packard J. Rodman Paul Charles E. Ingersoll G. C. Piirves T. DeWitt Cuyler Francis I. Gowen John 'W. Pepper Charles Biddle ROBERT H. FELS, Comptroller George McCall Henry H. Collins Charles B. Penrose, M. D. John B. Morgan James Logan Fisher Robert C. Drayton Alba B. Johnson Francis A. Lewis -J rldvcrt'iscDiciits 95 r ^ 1 |g|2 INCORPORATED MARCH 10, 1812 1912 The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities Trust and Safe Deposit Company Capital, $2,000,000 Surplus, $4,000,000 517 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia Broad Street Office, Franklin Bank Building C. S. W. PACKARD, President Invites Accounts of Individuals and Corporations Trusts of every description Executed Safe Deposit Boxes Rented Makes Loans on First Mortgages on Improved Real Estate L ^ — J 96 The Historical Pageant r -I — 1- ■^ CAPITAL, $1,000,000.00 SURPLUS, $1,250,000.00 W^)t Commonbaealtf) tttitle Sns^urance anb Wcn^i Campan|> Chestnut and T-welfth Streets PHILADELPHIA Pays Interest on Daily Balances Insures Titles to Real Estate Rents Safe Deposit Boxes $3 to $100 Takes Entire Charge of Real Estate Acts as Executor, Administrator, Guardian and Trustee Wills Receipted For and Kept 'Without Charge WE INVITE YOUR BUSINESS DIMNER BEEBER President JAMES V. ELLISON Treasurer L. - b==j - J r L. /Advertisements 97 -^ - I I - The Provident Life and Trust Co., of Philadelphia. Pa. ^ Accounts Solicited ^ Deposits by Mail ^ Monthly Statements by Mail ^ Travelers' Cheques Write for Leaflet /joi Chestnut Street 98 The Historical Pas[eai7t •^ Independence Trust Company THE NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING Capital and Surplus $1,800,000 Transacts a general Trust Company business. Acts as Administrator, Executor, Guardian, Trustee, Assignee, etc. Pays interest on deposits. Safe deposit vaults. DIRECTORS CHARLES B. DUNN. President RODMAN WANAMAKER \^ILLIAM L. NEVIN ROBERT M. COYLE LOUIS S. FISKE JOHN C. LOWRY CHRISTIAN C. FEBIGER JAMES DOBSON \V. FREDERICK SNYDER JOHN J. COLLIER J. ERNEST RICHARDS ROBERT R. DUNN 5^ational Panfe Broad and South Streets Philadelphia President WILLIAM J. BARR Vice President JOHN HUNTER Cashier JOHN T. SCOTT, Jr. Assistant Cashier GEORGE H. WIGGINS DIRECTORS L. William J. Barr John Hunter Edmund Webster Christopher Gallagher John T. Scott, Jr. Jacob C Charles Young W^illiam Kelley William S. Fox John J. Hitschler John M. Dotterer Kahn ELKINS, KRUMBHAAR AND MORRIS BANKERS LAND TITLE BUILDING Investment Securities Allow Interesi on Deposit Make Loans Subiect to Approved Collateral MEMBERS New York and Philadelphia Stock Exchanges J r Advertisements [ ) 99 ^ J_^(KiAN Tui ST CoMPAINV OK l^IIII.AnKI.PIIIA IIUI CllKSTNLT STKKKT Henry & West BANKERS 1417 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA A general Banking Business transacted. Fiscal Agents for Railroads and other Corpora- tions. Dealers in high-grade Investment Securities. Interest allowed on Deposit Accounts. Members New York and Philadelphia Stock Exchanges We always have on hand a list of high-grade Bonds. Correspondence invited. Information concerning Securities you hold or contemplate purchasing will be furnished on request "Too Young to Work" -"Too Old to Work " — the time between is alarm- ingly short. Capitalize it by opening one of the new limited checking accounts in the Colonial Saving Fund — it encourages economy and your savings work for you. Four cheques a month allowed with- out notice in the Saving Fund Department. Send for descrip- tive circular or call today. The Colonial Trust Company Market at Thirteenth Philadelphia Bpj^ ja:mjn C. ^ViVPM^TCK: o. ESTABLISHED 1844 No>v operating six large stores and thirty-five sales offices in leading cities of the United States and Canada, and manufacturing, not only nine hundred and t>venty-eight different sizes and grades of TAGS but GUMMED LABELS. EMBOSSED SEALS, GUMMED PAPER ADHESIVES, SEALING \VAX, PAPER NOVELTIES, CREPE PAPER FINE PAPER BOXES, JEWELERS' CASES AND FINDINGS Boston New York L. Philadelphia Chicago St. Louis ■ ' ' - J Advertisements 107 1=] 1^ ^ B. F. Keith's Theatre jfratemal 1 J V^audcville's Grand Historical itlpstic Circle Pageant A Fraternal Beneficiary Comprising the World's Greatest Variety Acts Society Incorporated Under the Laws of Pennsylvania may be seen Winter and Summer through- out the entire year. One of the Oldest Fraternals Founded in 1884 Secure Seats in Advance $5,500,000 Paid to Beneficiaries and Members Men and Women Admitted on Equal Terms Wide Scope of Plans Death Benefits Sickness and Accident Benefits The Official Seals advertising the Historical Pageant were Permanent Total Disability Benefits manufactured by Old Age Disability Benefits Paid-Up and Extended Insurance and The Fenton Label Co. Loan Features Incorporated National Fraternal Congress and American 9th and Thompson Streets Experience Tables Philadelphia, Pa. Beautiful and Impressive Ritualistic W^ork Representative Form of Government Who make gummed labels and advertising stickers EXCLUSIVELY in the largest and best equipped A National Organization HOME OFFICE 1913 ARCH STREET plant of its kind in the world. PHILADELPHIA, PA. ll=i r= io8 The Historical Pageant r ^ ^ Ti Weightman Hotel: THE RITTENHOUSE Twenty-Second and Chestnut Streets R. R. VAN GILDER, Manager HOTEL HANOVER Twelfth and Arch Streets CLAUDE M. MOHR, Manager HAMILTON COURT Thirty-Ninth and Chestnut Streets R. H. THATCHER, Manager L ^ J Advertisements 109 r ^ ^ Weightman Hotel: THE ROYAL Broad Street above Girard Avenue CHAS. DUFFY, Manager THE PARK HOTEL Williamsport, Pa. CHARLES L. MISH, Manager APARTMENT FLATS Thirty- Eighth and Chestnut Streets WEIGHTMAN ESTATE 1336 Walnut Street L ^ J no The Historical Pageant r ■^ W. J. McCAHAN President 0: [o): R. S. POMEROY Treasurer W. J. McCAHAN, Jr. Secretary JAMES M. McCAHAN Manager -m THE W. J. McCAHAN SUGAR REFINING GO. :lol SUGAR R^Vh,.^' PHILADEl- OtlAVWlBe filvEB SUGARS Cubes, Powdered, Granulated, Fine Granulated, Coarse Granulated, Extra A, Confectioners' A, Extra BB, Extra CC, Yellows, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 REFINERY TASKER STREET WHARF Piers 67, 68 and 69 South Wharves DELAWARE RIVER SUGAR HOUSE Northwest Corner WATER ^^^ MORRIS STREETS OFFICES Front and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia L ^ J Advertisements 111 ^ HJl.,|v■-T-A^-^ll^- D r^ r\ All goods made, packed and guaranteed by PAVfriV MONTAGUE Ot CO. croft & ALLLN CO., Philadelphia. Pa. (^ AIN U 1 -^ Store Addresses 112 Market Street [■1 1040 Market Street ; 1223 Market Street ^ 1238 Market Street ■^ 52ci & Market St>. 11 South 15th St. 10 South Broad St. 72!S Chestnut St. 1004 Lancaster A\ . 3'.)tli tV' Sansoni Sts. SlfiS llaverford Av. ■.'4 South 52d St. MONTCO. BRAND WM. MONTGOMERY & CO IVholesale Grocers 999 North Second Street Philadelphia Bell Phone-Market 1940 For Night Use, Bell Phone-Belmont 4355-A Keystone Phone — Main 2531 Elevator Construction and Repair Co. WM. P. HAINES, Manager GEO. M. HAINES. President ELEVATOR REPAIRS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION HYDRAULIC WORK A SPECIALTY L. House Pumps and Elevator Tanks Installed and Repaired. Regular and Special Inspections Made We Carry a Full Line of Parts for General Repairs 621-623 COMMERCE ST., PHILADELPHIA . 1 I ~" J The Historical Pageant f^^ \S ,o^^' ,ct.s pt It marked the beginning of a new era in the soap industry A notable event in the history of Phila- delphia was in 1877, when Pearl Borax Soap was first placed on the market. Before this time soap was just soap, but since 1877 Pearl Borax Soap has set a standard for all others. There are housekeepers today using Pearl Borax Soap, who purchased almost the first cake ever sold, and never in 35 years found anything better. There are imitations but only one genuine Young's Pearl Borax Soap, accept no substitutes. Made in Philadelphia by Ghas. W. Young & Go Makers of Soaps of Merit Advertisements r ' I - 113 W^HEN YOU USE GUM USE THE PURE GUM EXCITES APPETITE QUIETS NERVES CLEANSES TEETH PROMOTES DIGESTION The chewing of gum as a means of cleansing the mouth was advocated. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. NO GLUCOSE PARAFFINE COLORING ADULTERANTS NATIONAL CHEWING GUM COMPANY PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A. Established 1866 KRUMM'S have been famous for almost a half century Continental ^ranb Cgs i^oobles! Celebrated EGG MACARONI SPAGHETTI and ELBOWS L Sold by all Grocers A trial will prove the quality Made by A. C. KRUMM & SON. J 114 The Historical Pageant r ^ Full Line of Soda Fountain Supplies I I Daniel S. Den^ler 6? Son, Inc. Importers and "Wholesale Dealers in Shelled Nuts Confectioners' ^ Supplies ^ Corn Syrup, Flavors, Colors, etc. [= 1 102 Chestnut Street Philadelphia High Cost of Livin is largely the fault of the con- sumer. Rosedale Chocolate and Cocoa the finest on the market and sold by all dealers at greatly reduced prices. Study your wants more closely and follow up prices and you can see how you can reduce the cost of living. Start in with Rosedale Chocolate and Cocoa and you will have the best for the least money. L. SCHWENK & CALDWELL 35 North 3rd Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Dainty Creams that melt in the mouth, leaving a refresh- ing mint flavo'. Sold Only in Air Tight Tins Never in Bulk ^^-^^^'^ V^/TT^ '-"-J? The Gum with the U-ALL-NO Mint Flavor Manufacturing Company of America Philadelphia, U. S. A. 62" 7 / ^ Standard of American Quality BREAD Vienna Quaker Shaker Butter-Krust I — I az Egg Elbow Macaroni Pure Foods of the Highest Excellence . J Advertisements P" The American Agricultural Chemical Company Manufacturers of ALL GRADES OF COMMERCIAL Fertilizers Philadelphia Office 897 DREXEL BUILDING Fifth and Chestnut Streets ESTABLISHED 1853 Jacob W. Walton Sons Horn Comb Manufacturers FRANKFORD PHILADELPniA, PA. JOHN WALTON WILLIAM H. WALTON CHAF LES E. WALT ON The House of Meehan 1854-1912 Pioneer Nurserymen of America There were few gardens and little interest displayed in trees and plants in 1854, the year when the late Professor Thomas Meehan founded this house. Little by little that small begin- ning, fifty-eight years ago, grew until today the annual output is amazing. Almost three hundred acres are under intensive cultivation, forty of which are within the city limits of Philadelphia. In addition to the home production, great quantities of stock are imported. This spring alone seventy-six carloads of rare trees and plants were procured from the largest establishments in Europe. Shipments go to all parts of the world. Every garden owner and plant lover will find a wealth of interesting reading in the large plant book at present being circulated. fi^rite for a copy. Thomas Meehan & Sons Box 100, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. ii6 The Historical Pageant 1 I — Every American should Read these Books Biography is the Eye of History The "True" Biographies and Histories ** The Truth, the whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth " ■^ The True Andrew Jackson By CYRUS TOWNSEND BRADY Mr. Brady has studied the career of our seventh President for many years and his book is a notable gathering of evidence in the way of opinions and anecdotes traced back to authentic sources. The True Abraham Lincoln By WILLIAM ELEROY CURTIS "It is a book to make Americans feel proud and grateful . . . One that every young American should read." — Pittsburgh Gazette. The True William Penn By SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER "Mr. h'isher has deliglited in presenting the whole story of this delightfully complex, high-spirited man, and the record makes most excellent reading, and gives, besides, a very striking picture of the times in which Penn lived." — Tlw Interior, Chicago. The True George Washington By PAUL LEICESTER FORD "Tliis work challenges attention for the really valu- able light which it throws upon the character of George Washington. The picture which Mr. Ford here draws of him is careful, life-like, and impressive in the extreme." — Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. The True History of the Civil War By GUY CARLETON LEE "Written without partiality ... of the South as a Southerner, of the North as a Northerner, and withal as an American. The most satisfactory of the short histories of the Civil War." — Baltimore Sun. The True Henry Clay By JOSEPH M. ROGERS "The book gives the best idea of Henry Clay that has ever been presented in any work devoted to the famous statesman. It contains an immense stock of anecdotes and is profusely illustrated. It is a most valuable contribution to the history of the progress and politics of the country." — St. Louis Star. The True Thomas Jefferson By WILLIAM ELEROY CURTIS "The volume is particularly worth reading because it revives the many-sided nature and activity of a truly great man." — Springfield Republican. The True Benjamin Franklin By SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER "Mr. Fisher has done his work with painstaking care and skill. He writes clearly, frankly, and with- out prejudice." — Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. The True History of the American Revolution By SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER "Mr. Fisher argues tliat we want the facts, and he proceeds to give them to us from the writings and testimony of actors in the great events, making a book that students of our history cannot afford to slight, as it is the result of careful research, and is original in its conclusions." — New York Tribune. The True Patrick Henry By GEORGE MORGAN -\s Mr. Morgan had access to the accumulated Henry papers of a hundred years, including many unused Wirt originals, he has availed himself of this opportunity to put much important new historical matter, into the book. The True Daniel Webster By SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER The author has given us a true history of the life of this great man, telling facts without fear or favor, and giving much new information. With 24 full-page illustrations -portraits, appropriate views, and fac-similes -in each volume. Crown, 8vo, Per volume : Cloth, $2.00 net ; half levant, $5.00 net. Important Historical Works A Short History of the United States Navy By CAPTAIN GEORGE R. CLARK, U. S. N., PROF. WM. O. STEVENS, Ph.D., INSTRUCTOR CARROLL S. ALDEN. Ph.D., INSTRUCTOR HERMAN F. KRAFFT, Ph D., of the Department of English, U. S. Naval Academy All that is of importance and interest in the suc- cessful career of our Navy, is contained in this latest work upon the subject. The charts, maps, paintings and pliotographs are chosen from a large assortment, and form a must valuable supplement to the text. With 16 full-page illustrations and many pictures and maps in the text. Large 12mo. Cloth, $3.00 net. Postpaid, $3.20 net The Struggle for American Independence By SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER This valuable contribution to American historical literature is a comprehensive history of the wiiole revolutionary movement from a point of view quite different from the usual one. A great deal of the original evidence, which has heretofore been ignored by historians, is brought to ligiit and made accessible to the ordinary reader. The military strategy of both the American and the British armies, and tiie naval strategy and tactics of France and England are gone into in more detail than ever before. With illustrations and maps. Two volumes. Crown octavo. Cloth, gilt top, $4.00 net, per set. L. Publishers J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY Philadelphia J Advertisements 1 1 7 r ^ ^ CHRISTOPHER SOWKR COMPANY 124 North Eighteenth Street, Philadelphia EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS THE OLDEST PUBLISMINC} HOUSE IN ANUCRICA KSTABLISIIICI) IN 173K by CIIRISTOPHKR SAUK President Vice-President and Manaf^er Secretary and Treasurer Albert M. Sower James L. Pennypacker Daniel H. Hassan SOME WELL-KNOWN AUTHORS: Dr. Edward Brooks Dr. John W. Harshberger Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Dr. George W. Flounders Miss Anne H. Hall Dr. Lloyd Balderston Dr. George M. Philips Dr. J. Willis Westlake Dr. James M. Coughlin Dr. A. J. Demarest Mrs. Edwin C. Grice Dr. Judson P. Welsh nilotto : 3 GOOD BOOKS GOOD FRIENDS LONG LIFE e MILTON BRADLEY COMPANY Manufacturers of Kindergarten Supplies In Use in All of the Important Cities in the Country Send for 100 Page Illustrated Catalog Manufacturers of the Famous Bradley Games and Home Amusements Also Makers of SCHOOL DRAWING SUPPLIES WATER COLORS INDUSTRIAL ART MATERIALS Send for Ne-iv Manual Arts Catalog Publishers of the Best of Books for Primary Schools, Kindergarten and the Home THE BRADLEY STORES ARE EDUCATIONAL MUSEUMS The Philadelphia one is at 1209 Arch Street MILTON BRADLEY COMPANY V(B Arch Street L. L. NARAMORE, Mgr. PHILADELPHIA L- ^- J ii8 The Historical Pageant r •^ The Originators and Only Manufacturers of VICI KID Ladies and Gentlemen of taste and refinement have given great popularity to shoes made of VICI KID Robert H. Foerderer, Inc., Philadelphia L ^ J Advertisements 119 20th Century Glazed Kid McNEELY ^ PRICE PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A. McADOO & ALLEN 329-333 North Third Street Philadelphia, Pa. 120 The Historical Pag[eant r TRAVELERS and others who are much "ON THEIR FEET, rehef and comfort in the wearing of our find •^ All-Metal Instep Arch Supporters No special shoes required. Self-Dia_^iiosed Rheumatism and " That Tired Feelitig" in the lower limbs are in a vast number of cases due to a certain decree of weakness in the bony structure of the arch. The Arch Supporter corrects the structure, thereby removing the cause of the pain. Physicians recommend them. We solicit the worst cases. Private fitting rooms. Lady attendants. Charles Lentz & Sons Makers of Surgical Instruments Invalid and Siik Kovm HeQiiisitcs 11th above Market Street Philadelphia LENTZ 5c SONS Hastings &^ Co. GOLD LEAF 817-821 Filbert Street Philadelphia BEST KID COMPANY Leather Manufacturers Leopard and "Wildey Streets Philadelphia, Pa. The Reyburn Manufacturing Company PAPER SPECIALTIES Tags, Tickets, Labels L. Allegheny Avenue and 23d Street Philadelphia, Pa. - I I - J Advertisements 121 r Philadelphia Metallic Bed Company American and Jefferson Streets Manufacturers of Brass and Iron Beds Sanitary Steel Couches Bed Springs of Every Description Institution Beds L. CHARLES H. SCHNITZLER 215 North Second Street Philadelphia, Pa. Patentee and Sole Manufacturer of The Pneumatic Conveyor For the handling of wool and cotton stock, rags, excelsior, jute and all kinds of fibrous material, wet or dry. Also spool elevators, steam heating and ventilating and mill work generally. Blower and fan work a specialty. This conveyor is patented. Beware of infringements. Satisfaction guaranteed. ■^ 7^e Insingfer "Indestructible'" Dish Washing Machine Su Wayne Junction Philadelphia, Pa. M. RENNER 403 and 405 Vine Street Philadelphia Maker of the Largest Flag, Awning and Tent in the World Tents and Canopies to Hire Flags All Sizes -J 122 The Historical Pageant r ^ Ti G. DILKES ^ COMPANY bailors e Jfurriersi Suite 213-214 Baker Building, 1520-22 Chestnut Street Philadelphia »= ' Men's and Women's Garments of the better sort. We show the finest quaHties of imported fabrics. Fur Lined Garments, Fur Coats and Sets, ready to wear or made to order. Furs Remodelled and Repaired 1= I Our Guarantee of Excellence— 75 Years on Chestnut Street HENRY PARKER EDGAR A. MURPHY President Sec'y-Treas. MURPHY-PARKER CO. Edition Book Binders N. W. CORNER SEVENTH AND ARCH STREETS PHILADELPHIA L ^ J Advertisements 124 r The Historical Pageant 1 I •^ Isaac A. Sheppard & Co. PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK BALTIMORE LPH: >.Vl I iS.PVVM. ST PH'LADfLPKIA The new Philadelphia plant of ISAAC A. SHEPPARD & COMPANY, just completed, located at Erie Avenue and Sepviva Street, is the most up-to-date and thoroughly equipped Stove Foundry in the Country. Here are produced : Excelsior Ranges Imperial Excelsior Gas Ranges Paragon Furnaces Paragon Steam and Hot Water Boilers L. -J Advertisemeiits 125 r ^ T The Present House of Wm. Sellers & Co., Incorporated was founded by BANCROFT & SELLERS in the Kensington District of Philadelphia in 1848, and began with the manufacture of Mill Gearing with interchangeable parts, and subsequently the manufacture of Machine Tools as a distinct branch of business. In 1853 the Works were removed to their present location between 16th and 17th Streets, Pennsylvania Ave. and Buttonwood Street. In 1855 the firm name was changed to WM. SELLERS & CO., and in 1886 the business was incorporated under the title WM. SELLERS & CO., INCORPORATED It early gained a local reputation for good workman- ship as well as for the superior quality of its products, which advantages it has maintained, and its reputation for superior design and workmanship is world wide. Its principal products are : MACHINE TOOLS for working iron and steel HYDRAULIC MACHINERY, CRANES LOCOMOTIVE INJECTORS, VALVES, &c, POWER TRANSMISSION MACHINERY In all of these branches it stands foremost, and many of its designs have been followed by the leading constructors in other countries. Its first important public exhibit was at Paris in 1867, for which it received the GRAND GOLD MEDAL. Again at Vienna in 1873, for which it was awarded the GRAND DIPLOMA OF HONOR. Again at Paris in 1889, for which it was awarded the GRAND PRIX. At the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876 only Certificates of award were made by the Jury of which Dr. John Anderson, LL.D., C.E., etc., of Woolwich Arsenal, England, was Chairman, and WM. SELLERS & CO. received a Certificate of the highest character. In fact, this House has received the highest awards at all Inter- national Expositions at which it has exhibited. Its clientage extends over the whole mechanical world. L ^ J 126 The Historical Fa^eant r ■^ THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO. PHILADELPHIA WM. McNIECE EDW. B. McNIECE ESTABLISHED 1863 I I Excelsior Saw Works Wm. McNicce & Son Saw Manufacturers Special Attention given to Setting and Filing Hand and Circular Saws. Carpenters' Tools Grinding. Bookbinders' and Planing Knives Ground L. 515 Cherry Street, Philadelphia 1887 1912 Harmony Ranges Harmony Furnaces Have stood the tests for Twenty-five Years Their reputation for Quahty and Durabihty is as firm and unshaken as the Constitution of the United States Manufactured by DiHer, Caskey £? Keen Enterprise Stove "Works S. W^. Cor. Sixth and Berks Streets PHILADELPHIA, PA. For sale bv all retail dealers ■ I I - J Advertisements 127 r ■I — I- •^ THE HESS -BRIGHT MANUFACTURING COMPANY In 1904 tliis Company bej^aii to import tlie now internationally famous D\\'F ball bearings. These bearings had three years previously made their Kuropean debut in the then new Mercedes automobiles, and were even at that time giving promise of revolutionizing anti-frittion design. The great European success of the DWF bearings was duplicated in this country, and the business grew so rapidiv that the C\)ni[)any moved every year or two into larger (juarters. The attempt to manufacture here had to be temporarily abandoned, owing to the impossibility of transplanting the technical methods on a sufficiently large scale. After the fourth removal, the Company has now the nucleus of a manufacturing business of its own in the Hne new building at Front Street and Erie Avenue. HESS-BRIGHT (DWF) Ball Bearings are largely used in many sorts of heavy duty, such as line-shaft hangers, machine tools, flour milling and woodworking machinery, trolley cars and mine locomotives, as well as in automobiles. BOTH PHONES CLARK'S IRON FOUNDRY J. ALFRED CLARK Proprietor 35th Street, Gray's Ferry Road and Wharton Street PHILADELPHIA GENERAL FOUNDERS High-Grade Castings in Loam, Green and Dry Sand Chemical Work a Specialty Builders' Iron Work L. Otis Elevator Company 12th and Sansom Streets Philadelphia, Pa. Offices in all principal Cities of the World Over fifty-five years' experience and success in solvinjj all kinds of elevator problems. We build and erect All Types of Elevators for All Kinds of Power including Otis " Traction" and " Drum" Type Passenger and Freight Elevators — Otis Inclined Freight Elevators and Horiz- ontal Carriers — Otis Escalators or Moving Stairways, and Moving Sidewalks — Otis Spiral Gravity Conveyors and Otis Auto- matic Push-button Elevators, and Dumb- waiters for private residences. Inquiries Invited on any question involving the conveyance of Passengers and Freight from level to level or horizontally to widely separated points. J 128 The Historical Pageant r •^ "Proctor"Drying Machines The Proctor Drying machines of various types are used for drying all kinds of materials. Economy of time, labor and floor space are among the benefits derived from their use. Tae Pailadelpria Texti le Macainery Co. Philadelphia Pa. The First Gas Engines made in this country were built in the Otto Plant at Philad'a Still made here and Still the Standard of the World Visitors Always Welcome The Otto Gas Engine Works 33d and Walnut Streets West Philadelphia, Pa. L- Made in 1912 Mutual Machine Works HUGHES & RUSSUM Proprietors Builders of Cotton, Woolen or Worsted Light and Heavy Duck Plush, Turkish Towel LOOMS For Weaving Hair Cloth, Broad Clipper, Jacquard Work HARNESS MOTIONS BEAMING MACHINES With All Latest Improvements Oxford and Hedges Streets Frankford, Philadelphia Special attention given to Repair Work, which we will furnish promptly and at reasonable prices. Orders by mail will receive prompt attention J r Advertisements - I I - GEORGE W. LINDLEY 5120 Wakefield Street Germantown, Philadelphia Builder of Double Rib Machines, for Laces and Edgings and Lace Trimmings, for Underwear and Fancy Goods Ferro Manganese Ferro Silicon Spiegeleisen Silico Spiegel L- FRANK SAMUEL Iron, Manganese and Chrome Ores. Foundry, Mill and Low Phosphorus Irons. Howe and Samuel Special Low Phosphorus Melting Bar. MAIN OFFICE Harrison Building, Philadelphia NEW YORK OFFICE BOSTON OFFICE 39 Cortlandt Street 10 Harris Avenue New York City Boston, Mass. WESTERN REPRESENTATIVES Walter- Wallingford & Co. (« "Marked on the Eye" ittMiiiiMiiilll Philadelphia Sash Weight Works 22d and Glenwood Avenue All kinds of SASH WEIGHTS LoomL Weights, Hitching W^eights, Elevator, Fire- Escape and "Weights of every description. 130 r- The Historical Pas^eant ■1^^=]- ^ WALTER WHETSTONE President BELL AND KEYSTONE TELEPHONES EDGAR W^. KOONS Sec'y and Treas. WHETSTONE & CO. mc Wrought Iron and Steel Pipe Valves, Fittings, Tools, Etc. Pertaining to Steam, Gas, Vater, Oil and Air Office and Store: 911 FILBERT STREET PHILADELPHIA ■Warehouse N. E. Cor. 25th and South Streets Pipe Shop 908 Cuthbert Street Window Glass PLATE GLASS Best Brands American Window Glass, French Window Glass, German Looking-Glass Plates, Ornamental and Sky-Light Glassi Greenhouse Glass, Glass for Conservatories BENJAMIN H. SHOEMAKER 205, 207 and 209 N. Fourth Street Philadelphia, Penna. L. Established 1868 Amos H. Hall, Son & Co. Manufacturers of CEDAR VATS AND TANKS 2915 to 2933 North Second Street Philadelphia Telephone Connection -r==i- -J r- Advertisements 1 1 To Avoid Substitution ** State the State" PENNSYLVANIA SiUppke Hdrdwdre CQWR^Y PHIlvADEl^PHIA. PENNSYLVANIA 131 ^ WILLIAMSON k CASSEDY Railway and Steamship Supplies 526 Market Street PHILADELPHIA L- Charles Bond Company Manufacturers of Oak Tanned Leather Belting Dealers in Power Transmitting Machinery and Mill Supplies 520 Arch Street, Philadelphia •I 1- 132 The Historical Pageant -1^^- ■1 Elephant Brand ELEPHANT BRAND jHE PHOSPHOR BRONZE SMELTING CO. 2200 WASHINGTON AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA. PA. ELEPHANT BRAND WL/JeiMc,m REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. INGOTS. CASTINGS. WIRE. SHEETS. RODS, Etc. — DELTA METAL — IN BARS FOR FORGING AND FINISHED RODS ORIGINAL AND Sole Makers in the U. S. PHOSPHOR BRONZE The John T. Dyer Quarry Co. Business Established 1891 Norristown, Penna. BIRDSBORO TRAPPE ROCK Harrison Building Philadelphia L. - I ' - -J ■IdvcrtiscDients "ABRASIVE" Fast Grinding WHEELS Abrasive Wheels are made of natural or artificial abrasives, or the proper combination of both to best suit your particular grinding problem. Will not glaze over or overheat the work. Even the bond that holds the particles together has cutting properties. That's why Abrasive Wheels have earned the reputation that "They don't merely grind, but cut — cut fast and are durable. " Write for catalog today. ABRASIVE MATERIAL CO. James and Fraley Streets Bridesburg, Philadelphia W. Jermyn & Sons MILLINERY WIRES lllllililll Oxford and Josephine Streets Frankford Philadelphia Established 1844 HUNEKER & SON INCORPOR.ATED Betoratins Sansom and Sixteenth Streets Philadelphia 134 TJie Historical Pageant r ^ Ti WESTMORELAND COAL CO. COLLIERY OWNERS MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE STANDARD Westmoreland Coal Mines Located in Westmoreland County, Pa. I This Coal is unexcelled for gas-tnaking, both in illuminating and for producer work. For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high pressure steaming and in all places where a strong and pure fuel is required it has no equal. Principal Office 224 South Third Street Philadelphia, Pa. IL ^ J Advertisements 135 r- -r 1- ■^ The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co. NEW YORK SHIPMENTS BEGAN 1820 MINED IN PENNSYLVANIA BOSTON STILL IN BUSINESS 1912 SOLD EVERYWHERE Sole Miners and Shippers of "Old Company's Lehigh" SUMMIT and GREENWOOD COALS S. D. WARRINER President ROLLIN H. WILBUR Vice-President RICHARD T. DAVIES General Coal Agent F. N. ULRICK Assistant General Coal Agent General Offices Lafayette Building 437 Chestnut Street Philadelphia CARROLL MOORE, Sales Agent, 143 Liberty Street NEV/ YORK O. B. JOHNSON, Eastern Sales Agent, 141 Milk Street BOSTON L J 136 The Historical Pageant 1 1 •^ KEYSTONE COAL AND COKE COMPANY MINERS AND SHIPPERS BITUMINOUS AND GAS COAL AND COKE Arcade Building, Philadelphia ROBERT K. CASSATT EASTERN MANAGER Ho Better Coal Comes out of the Ground A* McKEE & CO. HOT COAL J^ L. 23d and Arch Street 21st and Allegheny Ave. Telephones G. W. EDMONDS R. Y. WARNER G. W. Edmonds & Co. Anthracite and Bituminous COAL MAIN OFFICE N. \^. Cor. 9th and Berks Sts. YARDS 9th St., Berks to Norris Sts. Tasker Street W^harf Ridge Ave. and Noble St, 49th and Grays Ave. PHILADELPHIA J r Advertisements 137 - ! 1 - ■^ Established 1823 by the hite John B. Ellison, Sr. JOHN B. ELLISON & SONS Wholesale Woolens AMERICAN OFFICES NEW YORK, ( 259 Fifth Avenue I 180 Broadway BALTIMORE, 110 West Fayette Street BOSTON, 233 Iremont Building BUFFALO, Morgan Building CHICAGO, 1007 and 1008 Hartford Building CINCINNATI, Provident Bank Building CLEVELAND, 631 Garfield Building COLUMBUS, Columbus Trust Building DENVER, 329 Foster Building DETROIT, 1032 Majestic Building INDIANAPOLIS, Board Trade Building KANSAS CITY, Dvvight Building LOS ANGELES, 321 West Third Street MINNEAPOLIS, 705 Lumber Exchange Building MILWAUKEE, Wells Building NEW HAVEN, CONN., Cutler Building NEW ORLEANS, Whitney Bank Building NEWARK, 830 Broad Street OMAHA, Board of Trade Building PITTSBURGH, McCance Block PROVIDENCE, R. I., 301 Edwin A. Smith Building ROCHESTER, Granite Building SAN FRANCISCO, 227 Foxcroft Building ST. LOUIS, 707 Locust Street SEATTLE, 630 Lumber Exchange WASHINGTON, 522 Bond Building FOREIGN OFFICES PARIS, 18 rue Vivienne LYONS, 55 rue de THotel de Ville VIENNA, 1 Laurenzerberg HAMBURG, 6 Amdungstrasse LISBON, Rua dos Correeiors 71 MILAN, ITALY, Piazza Casteilo ROME, 10 Collegio Capranica NAPLES, Piazza Nicola Amore 2 MALTA, 56 Strada Stretta MADRID, Chinchilla 51 SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA MEXICO CITY, Calljon de Sta Clara 1 TURIN, Via Perrins 10 GENES, Piassa S. Lucca 8 BUENOS AYRES, 1215 Cangollo RIO DE JANEIRO, 58 Rua Sao Jose ASUNCION, (PARAGUAY) Alberdi 201 ODESSA, 49 Basarnajastrasse PARA, Caixado Correio 300 PERNAMBUCCO, Caixa Postal 199 PALERMO, Via Principe Scordia 21 This firm was established in 1823, and is the largest and oldest woolen house in America. They have warehouses in London and Philadelphia, and sales offices in all the principal cities in America and Europe, and distribute their goods to almost every part of the world. They carry a full line of goods suitable for Men's and Ladies" Tailoring Trade, Livery, Hunting and Riding Goods, Priestley's Cravenettes, etc. L- ELLISON BUILDING 22-24-26 South Sixth Street 13-15-17 South Marshall Street Philadelphia ELLISON BUILDING 5, 6 and 7 Golden Square W. 33 and 34 Gt. Pulteney St. W. London J 138 The Historical Pageant "^ TRADE-MARK REGISTERFD uaker MeiB Stockii^s^ For those who will have the best J Advertisements 139 r ^ ^ Miller, Bain, Beyer ^ Co, IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF DRY GOODS SPECIALTIES IN REMNANTS. SECONDS and JOBS 1001, 1003, 1005, 1007 FILBERT STREET PHILADELPHIA Lesher- Warner Dry Goods Company 429 Market Street PHILADELPHIA 418 Commerce Street Foreign and Domestic Dress Fabrics Cotton Dress Fabrics Decorative and Household Linens Table Damask, Curtains Draperies, White Goods Blankets and Comfortables Flannels, Domestics, etc. IMPORTERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF DRY GOODS Visiting merchants are cordially invited to make our establishment their headquarters during the week L ^ J 140 The Historical Pageant Glase, Hall & Boles Importers and Jobbers of Dry Goods 513 Market Street Philadelphia Successors to the Oldest \*/holesale Dry Goods House in Philadelphia BARCROFT ^ CO. Established in 1818 ■^ L L. Dannenbaum's Son &^ Company Manufacturers of Silks and Ribbons Owners and Operators Pine Tree Silk Mills 808 Arch Street Philadelphia ^,U<_JW/^ & co..r.> Importers and Manufacturers of the PENN BRAND RIBBONS SILKS MILLINERY KOHN,ADLER&CO. PHILADELPHIA - I I - J Advertisements 141 r ^ ^ NEW YORK. 48 Leonard Street JAMES L. WILSON £? COMPANY DRY GOODS COMMISSION MERCHANTS 239 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA Established 1877 Pioneer Suspender Company Pioneer Suspenders Pioneer Belts Brighton Garters 315 North Twelfth Street Philadelphia, Pa. Annual Production 8,000.000 Pairs On Sale the World Over L J 142 The Historical Pageant r •'=='- "Tl JOSEPH D. SWOYER &, CO. Manufacturers of Woolen and Worsted Yarns ■■ Mariner and Merchant Building Philadelphia, Pa. Chas. J. Webb & Co. 116 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. L. Harrison B. Schell Wm. M. Longstreth Schell, Longstreth 6- Co. Cotton Yams 230 and 232 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA BOTH PHONES - I 1 - J r Advertisements ■ I I - 143 ■^ A shirt that worked hard for a reputation — And keeps it by working harder The High Grade Shirt That^s Worth its Co^ Made by SAMUEL STERNBERGER COMPANY PHILADELPHIA DANIEL DOREY IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF hat and Cap Leathers and Springs No. 235 Race Street Philadelphia L. If it^s the fashion you will find it in READ'S FABRICS More than 50 styles of ALL WORSTED DRESS GOODS Made in the same mill and enjoying the same reputation as LANSDOWNE Whose durabiliry and adaptability have earned and hold for it the title of "THE QUEEN OF DRESS FABRICS" - I I - J 144 The Historical Pageant ESTABLISHED 1884 ailpijia Enittins jWiUs; M. A. METZ, Prop ilanufacturers! of ^igf) #rabe ^toeatersi ^ixtl) anb Spring (garbeu Streets; ^l)ilabelpt)ia Advertisements 145 The American lmprove :/ TURKISH TOWELS, TERRY CLOTH, ^ WASH CLOTHS BATH MATS NWcor [MERALDandSERGEANTSTS PHILADELPHIA, P^.. NEW YORK OFFICE: 51 LEONARD STREET ^ The Products of our mills can be found on sale at all the Leading Department Stores in the United States. C[I All our goods are guaranteed to be right. ^ Once purchased, you will always ask for them. L, - I ' ■ J Advertisements 149 r- -t — I- ■^ Edgewater Finishing Company Dyeing, Sizing, Printing Agents and Napping of Un- office and Works Myrick & Rice bleached Cotton Piece ^^^o 320 Broadway ^^^^^ ^^^ g^^j^p^ ^ ^ Frankford Ave. New York City Philadelphia, Pa. Home of Edgewater Finishing Co. PERRY BUILDING Home of Geo. Royle £? Co.'s Tapestries Geo. Royle ^ Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Couch Covers, Table Covers, Portieres, Piece Goods and Colored Burlaps 4080-98 FRANKFORD AVENUE FRANKFORD, PHILADELPHIA L. J 150 The Historical Pageant Prudential W^orsted Company MANUFACTURERS OF Worsted Fabrics for Men and Women Orthodox and Large Streets Frankford, Philadelphia I — I Sales Agents BIRCH AND JOEL MAX RIEDEL 229 Fourth Avenue, New York in^^tmn and c^W^p THEO. F. MILLER F. LEIGHTON KRAMER Pres. and Gen'I Mgr. Vice-Pres. and Treas. Turkish Towels Turkish Bath Robes Star and Crescent Company Philadelphia New York Salesroom, 4th Ave. & 20th St. Advertisements 151 r =■ Ti H. &, W. H. LEWIS 238 CHESTNUT STREET Commission Merchants WOOLENS AND WORSTEDS Men's Wear Uniform Cloths Women's Wear NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON 215 Fourth Avenue 223 W. Jackson Boulevard 76 Bedford Street Established 1897 Bell Phone, Kens. 516 Wipers Washed and Replaced in Good Order at Lowest Prices HARRY CROWTHER Manufacturer and Washer of SILK WIPING CLOTHS, ETC. They are used for cleaning all kinds of worsted, silk and cotton machinery, also engines, dynamos, automobiles. More economical and cheaper than any other kind of wiper or cotton waste in use. They are made from silk noils, and are non-combustible. All inquiries for samples will be cheerfully attended to. N. E. Cor. Rorer and Ontario Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. UNIVERSAL DYE WORKS DYERS OF HOSIERY AND YARNS COTTON. MERCERIZED. SILK. WOOL 3213-15 Frankford Avenue and 3212-14 Amber Street PHILADELPHIA SATISFACTION EVERY WAY L ^ J 152 r- The Historical Pageant 1 1 •^ Philadelphia Felt Company Manufacturers of WOVEN FELTS Paper Makers Felts and Jackets Lithograph Flannel Printer Blankets Mangle Blanketing Laundry Felts Tanners Bolsters Wringer Sleeves Sieve Cloths, Etc. Piano Cloths Frankford, Philadelphia Cope Knitting Mills I I Ladies' and Children's Underwear L. E. M. COPE & CO. Pastorious Street Germantown Penna. Riehm Knitting Mills, Inc. SWEATERS SWEATER COATS KNIT GOODS MILL AND MAIN OFFICE Adams Avenue and Unity Street FRANKFORD, PHILA. NEW YORK OFFICE, 346 Broadway - I I - J Advertisenie/if: r - f I- 153 B. F. ROBERTS I. M. MORITZ The Roberts Embroidery Co. OFFICE AND FACTORY: 3621 NORTH LAWRENCE STREET FIFTH STREET AND ERIE AVENUE P. R. R. STATION, North Penn Junction Embroidery Manufacturers of Every Description An Up-to-Date Equipped Factory MATTRESS TOPPINGS PACKING WASTE WIPING WASTE FRANKFORD WASTE COMPANY Manufacturers of COTTON AND \^OOLEN \^ASTE Van Dyke and Orchard Streets FRANKFORD, PHILADELPHIA L. - I I - J 154 The Historical Pageant 1 1 1 HULTON DYEING £? FINISHING CO. (INCORPORATED) 2 712 JASPER STREET PHILADELPHIA Dyers of FAST COLORS W^oolen and "Worsted Yarns and Slubbing in the Ball Finishers of W^oolen and W^orsted Piece Goods Men's W^ear Fabrics Dress Goods, etc., etc. CHAS. E. WINSCH, Prop. Both Phones Electric Dye Works DYERS OF Mercerized and Cotton Yarns ALSO Tapes and Bleaching Fast Colors a Specialty 3942-50 FRANKFORD AVE. PHILADELPHIA. PA. L. ALFRED W. BURTON THOS. B. SPENCP:R Andrew Burton Co. PENN DYE WORKS Cotton, Woolen, Worsted and Hosiery Dyers Penn Street and Belfield Avenue Germantown, Philadelphia - ' 1 - -J Advertisements r D L. 155 MERCERIZED YARNS FoK ALL Purposes W^ H. LORIMER'S SONS' CO. ONTARIO AND LAWRENCE STREETS PHILADELPHIA, PA. CONES TUBES SKEINS WARPS FERGUS PERRY GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA A very important branch of the textile industry is the manufarture of heavy and fine silk and cotton elastic cords, for use by the manufacturer of elastic stockings, bandages, etc., for surgical purposes. Here in the crude nursery and home of the knit goods development, this branch has a most able representative and very properly one which has attained a high national reputation for perfection and reliability, the mills founded and still controlled by Nlr. Fergus Perry, one of the living veterans in knitting mill inception and improvement. It was way back in 1853, when the knitting industry was just beginning to raise its head among commercial enterprises, that Mr. Vincent Perry commenced business on his own account in Ciermantown as a manufacturer of elastic stockings and bandages. Eight years after, when his son Fergus Perry became of age he was admitted to partnership. In 1870 Mr. Perry started on his own account, but in 1884 he abandoned this line of work and began the manufacture of elastic cords of a quality and adaptability for surgical appliances which at once arrested the attention and won the approval of manufacturers and surgeons. In 1897 he erected his present mills, at No. 5013 Wakefield Street, where he operated 12 modern covering machines, perfect winders, etc., by gas power, and produces an average output of 200 ()()unds per dav, which is sold to the manufacturers of the finest surgical hosierv. ROBERT cTWEYER Dyer of Fast Black and Fancy Colors on Silk and Cotton, Boot Pattern Mixed Goods, New Process Perfect Match ■i^ Lawrence and Luzerne Sts. Philadelphia, Pa. -J 156 The Historical Pageant ■^ The William Kedward Dyeing Company Main Office and Works Cedar and Cambria Streets, Philadelphia City Office: 246 Chestnut Street DYERS AND BLEACHERS COTTON AND MERCERIZED WARPS AND SKEIN YARNS The History of the Hammock is interwoven with the record and progress of The Hohlfeld Manufaciuriny Co. JACOB KNUP President WM. J. GUTEKUNST Vice-Pres. and Treas. Largest makers of Hammocks and Couches in the world Main Office and Mill Allegheny Avenue 9lh and 10th Streets (North) Philadelphia New York Sample Room Everett Building, 45 E. 17th Street THE HELLWIG SILK DYEING COMPANY Silk Dyers BLACK AND COLORS PURE DYE AND \(/EIGHTED TUSSAH AND ARTIFICIAL S. \^. Corner Ninth and Buttonwood Sts. Philadelphia, Pa. -J Advertisements 157 r ^ Ti JAMES BROMILEY, Treasurtr Eastlake Manufacturing Co. MANUFACTURERS OF FURNITURE GIMPS AND UPHOLSTERY FABRICS ALL GRADES OF Curtains, Piece Goods, Table and Couch Covers Mills and Main Office, Leiper and Adams Avenue FRANKFORD, PHILADELPHIA D SCHOLLER BROS. COMPANY' Manufacturers of Textile Soaps and Softeners of the Better Grade Specialties for Dyers, Bleachers and Finishers Amber and \A>stmoreland Streets Philadelphia, Pa. L J 158 The Historical Pageant r ^ — ^ ^ The BUILDING MATERIALS Beach jvnd Berks Streets BHTL ADEBPHI A TTTTT A T^^^T^t-. ,BeRKS StREET, DeL AAV ARE RlA^ER Christiaist S'^^reet, Schuylkilt. River Ir*ROi:>IJCERS OF STONE. ORAVEL AND SAND FOR Concrete Construction DELIVERIES RY TEAINI, RAIL OR ROAT L ^ J A dv ertis em ents 159 r • I 1 - JAMES G. DOAK G. M. MAICAS ■^ JAMES G. DOAK & COMPANY BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Crozcr Building, 1420 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA Manufacturing Plants Reinforced Concrete Special Work L. HENRY E. BATON Contractor Builder General Building Construction N. E. Corner Tenth and Sansom Streets Philadelphia I ' Residences Alterations and Additions Bank and Office Buildings COSTELLO & CO. HOC \9\ General [2] Contractors DOC 3 314 Arcade Building Philadelphia - I I - -J i6o r- The Historical Pao-ea/it ■^ Cantrell Construction Co, CONTRACTORS AND ENGINEERS Real Estate Trust Building PHILADELPHIA J. T. STUART. President ANDY BRANN, Treasurer . WM. M. LAVERTY, Sec'y Brann & Stuart Company INCORPORATED Engineers and Contractors 311 ARCADE BUILDING PHILADELPHIA ROBERT PATTON CONTRACTOR 601 North Thirty-fourth Street Philadelphia L- - I 1 - -J r- Advertisements 1 1 Day ^ ZiMMERMANN ENGINEERS 608 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA -i"! 1 INDUSTRIAL PLANT LAYOUT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS CONSTRUCTION PUBLIC SERVICE EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS ENGINEERING and CONSTRUCTION OPERATION Both Phones FRANK MARK CONTRACTING CO. General Contractors and Teamsters 21st St. above Somerset St. Philadelphia L. ESTABLISHED 1857 Keystone Telephone 7-18 Race Bell Telephone 9-17 Locust Robert Patterson & Son Wholesale and Retail Dealers in SAND Also JERSEY GRAVEL LIME AND CEMENT W^ashed and Screened Bar Sand and White Sand For "White-Coating Rough-Casting Cement- Work Cedar Hollow Lime. Plaster. Hair Crushed Stone. Slag and Grits Main Office Cherry Street Wharf Schuylkill River PHILADELPHIA Branch Offices: 2221 Race Street -J The Historical Pageant •I I- ^ 112 NORTH RROAi:) STRKET O. W. KETCHAM Manufacturer of Ornamental Terra Gotta Face Bricks Fire Proofing Roofing and Faience Tile 24 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Factory, Crum Lynne, Pa. Concrete and Stone Foundation Work Cement Pavement and Cellar Digging Removal of Ashes CHARLES T. GROSWITH GENERAL CONTRACTOR No. 3435 Chestnut Street Philadelphia 1 1 -J Advertisements 163 P — J INSULATED WIRE AND CABLES For All Electrical Purposes I =1 WEATHERPROOF WIRE MAGNET WIRE ANNUNCIATOR WIRE FLEXIBLE CORDS Particular Attention Given to Special and Experimental Work ALFRED F. MOORE 200-218 North Third Street Cleveland Chicago Birmingham Louisville L, ^ J 164 ^f^i^ Historical Pageant r ^ 1 W^here PAISTE Electric Light Wiring Supplies Are Made A PHILADELPHIA ENTERPRISE (ESTABLISHED 1887) Devoted to Manufacturing Electric Light Wiring Devices of Highest Merit H. T. PAISTE COMPANY 32d and Arch Streets, Philadelphia Catalog sent upon request to those interested in better ways of Electric Light Wiring L ^ J Advertisements 165 r •^ Wm. H. Hoskins Co. 904-906 Chestnut Street Philadelphia's Stationer ELECTRIC SUPPLIES Lightinj^ Power Street Railway Telephone Marine Get our Catalogues and Prices H. C. ROBERTS ELECTRIC SUPPLY CO. 905 Arch Street Philadelphia Branch Store at Syracuse, N. Y. ^^HITE>^ASH Your Factory Stable Cellar, etc. By our new and sanitary method L. COLD WATER PAINTING W^indow Cleaning, Disinfecting W^rite for Estimate \VM. B. SOUTHERN N. W. Cor. 12th and Spruce Sts. Philadelphia Both Phones F. Weber & Co. ESTABLISHED 1854 MANUFACTURERS— IMPORTERS Artists' Materials Engineers' and Draftsmen's Supplies Works on Art For Artists, Lithographers, Designers, Textile Manufacturers, Costumers, Architects 1125 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA ST. LOUIS, MO. BALTIMORE, MD. CHICAGO -J i66 The Historical Pageant ,—i — 1 1 -1= Boyer town Burial Casket Company Manufacturers of Bronze Metallic Hardwood Varnished and Cloth Covered Caskets Casket Interiors Burial Robes, Suits and Dresses Philadelphia 1211-17 Arch Street New York, N. Y. Boyertown, Pa. 109-11 W. 24th Street n BENJ. FOSTER R. H. PARISH Benjamin Foster Co. Schrack & Sherwood MANUFACTURERS SLAG AND PROMENADE 1512 to 1520 Callowhill Street TILE ROOFING PHILADELPHIA WATERPROOFING iFtn^ luricil (ttaskpta 3 Acres on City Hall 6 Acres on Wanamaker Stores and on Morris Building Asphalt and Coal Tar Products Rope Portieres, Rug Fringes 22d and Sedgely Avenue Upholstery Trimmings Philadelphia Draperies and Piece Goods =1 p=^ r- Advertisements - I 1 - 167 For 0/y/>/ Elegaijce Effects on Walls and Ceilings use Graves Perma-Tone T makes a durable, smooth, non-porous and germ- proof surface with a rich ve/vefy finish, a surface highly decorative, and in perfect taste. IVashable. Can be applied with success on plaster, woodwork, burlap, canvas, cement, metal work, etc. Perma-Tone is made in all the modish tints and presents a largess of selection, adapting it to the requirements of the most fastidious color schemes in Theatres, Oflice Build- ings, Public Halls, Hospitals, Fine Homes, etc. For Interior Woodwork use Graves STAIN-KRAFT I T produces the greatly admired flat or mission stain finish with one coat on interior woodwork such as Pine, Cypress, Oak, Birch, etc. STAIN-KRAFT enhances the beauty of the high lights and the grain of the wood. It's fast in color. Will not show laps nor raise the grain of the wood. Easy to apply. ^vorth your n.L/iile to ^ur'itc for handsome descriptive booklets (gratis) 'J. & D." Dept. N. Z. GRAVES CO., Inc. Philadelphia L- J i68 The Historical Pageant The man who buys "F-S" Paint or Varnish is always in a hurry to put it on the job. He is anxious to see the results because he knows they will be most satis- factory from every standpoint. Send for sample card and full information. FELTON, SIBLEY & CO. Incorporated 136-140 North Fourth Street Philadelphia Paint and Varnish Makers since 1849 Philadelphia New York Chicago Boston Pittsburgh " Purposely made for every purpose'' VARNISHES FILLERS PAINTS STAINS j» EUGENE E. NICE MANUFACTURER PHILADELPHIA A Wise Man Owns His Own Home Start To-day— A Few Hundred Dollars down when you buy and then you pay the rent to yourself. No hurry or worry. We can give you the best built house in the city with all the latest features ; 120 feet wide, on main street. 26th & Allegheny Ave. Come and see these modern houses. Wide porches, large front lawns, hardwood finish, hot-water heat, basement laundry, combination gas and electric fixtures. And Other Up-to-Date Features In House Construction That Will Surprise You Excellent Train and Trolley Facilities Double line of trolleys on Allegheny Avenue Free transfers to nil downtown lines Both Pennsylvania and Reading Railway Stations within Four Squares Agent on Premises Sample House Open HAROLD C. IRVIN, 721 Walnut St. Advertisements r JOSEPH T. JACKSON President FRANK P. FELTON. JR. Vice President ALBERT T. YARNALL Tnosurcr 3E3E jSiB Estate Conveyancing Fire Insurance Mortgages Estates Managed Appraisements Jo To Jaclrisoin Coo S. E. Cor. Chestnut and 13th Sts. ^^t^"^ OAK LANE 9PP2f"5 Office the Station HORACE H. FRITZ Real Estate Broker 713 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA Expert attention to all transactions connected with Real Estate CHARLES W.MILLER HENRY T. GULLMANN CHARLES W. MILLER CONVEYANCER AND REAL ESTATE BROKER MOF^TGAGES Real Estate Investments Building Associaiions Estates Managed and Settled 401 -407 Commonwealth Building Chestnut and 12th Streets Philadelphia L Whiteside &b McLanahan N. W. Cor. Fifteenth and Pine Streets PHONE SPRUCE 39-86 Real Estate A gents and Brokers j^^ Special Agents (or Philadelphia Apartment Houses — " The Warwick," the " Carlisle " and the " Broadview." Also Special Agents for the sale and renting of properties at Rose Valley, Delaware County, Pa. FOUNDED 1864 J 1 70 The Historical Pageant ■i==i- Established 1886 C T O Ft I E \i/. BRUCE BARRO\^ 130 North Twelfth Street, Philadelphia Bell and Keystone Phones FA.CTORIE ■^ A. E. MUELLER AND COMPANY 1531 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Dealers in High Class Suburban Properties Hillcrest Lawns at BROOKLINE BROOKFIELD ESTATES CHESTNUT RIDGE ESTATES Oakmont Station Haverford Township iligt) ^c!)ool Suburb " Sweet," " Quaint," " Homelike " Four minutes from Ardmore. Twenty- seven minutes from Wanamaker's store. High Location. Quaint Homes. Beautiful Lawn and Shade Trees. Owner. Joseph R. Connell 829 Land Title Building BENJAMIN FINBERG 717 \^alnut Street Money to Loan on First and Second Mortgages and Building Association Mortgages Rents. Interest and Ground Rents Collected Conveyancer for the following Building Associations: German Enterprise Building Association Members Building & Loan Association Enterprise Bnilding & Loan Association Local Building & Loan Association A. C. Patterson Building & Loan Association Fifth Bluecher Building Association Exchange Building Association of Fairhill Family Building & Loan Association Orient Building & Loan Association Frank P. Johnson Building & Loan Association Depositors Building & Loan Association George Egolf Building & Loan Association Eleventh Ward Series Building Association Benjamin Finberg Building & Loan Association Utility Building & Loan Association J r- Advertisements ■ I 1 - to Our City THE GREEN TAXIES PULLMAN TAXICAB CO. SPRUCE WOOD AND SIXTEENTH STS. RACE 60 PHILADELPHIA 34-~20 FREE CALLS KEYSTONE PAY STATIONS I. M. GARFINKEL, Gen'L MgR. L. — I I 172 The Historical Pageant !«f bto WK^I^y_j 1 ^\}^mMm\ tt-m wmw Used in Every Line of Business There is hardly a phase of commercial trans- portation of today in which the Autocar truck does not prominently figure. It is built in a great vari- ety of body designs to meet every need. Our cars are used by the leading business concerns of the country, Dry Goods stores, Manufacturing con- cerns, and a host of other merchants use the Auto- car in the delivery and transportation of every kind of merchandise. Fire departments, Street Sprinkler departments, and Police departments of many cities and towns employ the Autocar in public service. The United States Government and Canadian Government use Autocars in the collection and dis- tribution of mail. In a recent test run of 1509 miles conducted by the United States Army to determine the value of motor trucks for the severest military service, the Autocar was the only truck which completed the run without any mechanical replacements. This proof of Autocar endurance is nothing more than has been shown in every line of business in which our cars have been employed. Write for our list of users, and booklet shou- ing stylesof body designs, and Catalog No. 4 H. C. Conrtinuous Efficiency Quvranieed The Autocar Company, ardmore.'pa. Established 1897 Sales and Service Buildings — Never Closed PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK BOSTON 23d and Market 428-430-435-437 Beacon St. and Streets W. 19th Street Commonwealth Ave. SHREOOED WHEAT Advertisements r 17- •n Shock Absorber 50,000 Cars Equipped in Europe with this Shock Absorber \^HY? Because the J. M. is being silently advertised everywhere by the best advertisement anything can have — personal endorsement by word of mouth. The reason for this endorsement is that with a set of J. M. Shock Absorbers on you not only drive but you enjoy your car. To confirm this please ask any user. Prices, $25.00 to $50.00 per set The J. M. Shock Absorber Company Main Office and Factory, 210 S. 17th Street, PHILADELPHIA. PA. The Schwarz Wheel For Automobiles and Heavy Vehicles Strongest. Safest and Most Economical C, Spoke tenons are dovetailed and interlock, forming a compact, immovable assemblage which cannot loosen. C The only wheel made with positive spoke support. Used on all the leading pleasure and commercial motor cars. C We maintain a special repair depart- ment for the repair of all types of auto- mobile wheels. Orders large or small given the same careful and prompt attention. The Schwarz "Wheel Co, Frankford Philadelphia L. You Can Save Money By seeing Grim before you buy Automobile Supplies Tires, Horns, Tools Speedometers, Lead- ing Brands Oils and Grease, Caps, Gloves and Clothing Everything for the Motorist at Special Prices GRIM'S 604-06 North Broad Street -J 174 The Historical Pageant "Tl M^m Alex Wolfington's Son Builder of Aluminum Automobile Bodies for any make Car 3, 10, 12 and 14 N. 20th St. Philadelphia "EMPIRE" Automobile Tops and Slip Covers First Exclusive Auto Top Factory in Pennsylvania Manufacturers of high-grade tops and seat covers. Recovering tops and repairs promptly a specialty. EMPIRE AUTO TOP CO., Inc. 207 N. Twenty-second Street - - . Philadelphia -T^IE HIGHEST GRADE A UTOMOBILE TIRES MADE EPUBLIC STAEEj^Rn'TREAD^ DISTRIBUTORS 328 N. BROAD ST. L •I I- .J Advertisements 175 THE GREAT WHITE FLEET to Jamaica — Panama Canal Central and South America Magnificent passenger and freight steamers designed and constructed specially for ihe tropical trade. Every room is outside and in addition is cooled by fresh air from the sea forced through air ducts by powerful blowers. Many of the rooms have private connecting baths and the suites on the promenade deck are luxuriously furnished. The decks are 1 4 feet wide and I 4 laps to the mile, and are larger than will be found on Trans-3tlanlic steamers more than twice their size. One of these big white steamers sails from New York every Wednesday and Saturday. 22-a'ay cruises to Jamaica, Panama Canal and Colombian Ports from New York every Wednesday at I 2 noon, Pier I 6, East River $135.00 24-day cruises to Jamaica, Panama Canal and Costa Rica from New York every Saturday at 12 noon, Pier 1 6, East River $140.00 Or you can take a 1 2 or 1 4-day trip tj Jamaica only and return at . $85.50 Sailings from Philadelphia to Jamaica The popular .Admiral steamers have been entirely renovated and now carry only first-class passengers. The fare has been greatly reduced and is now Philadelphia to Jamaica and return Write for our handsomely illustrated booklet. [$60.00 UNITED FRUIT COMPANY STEAMSHIP SERVICE Long Wharf BOSTON, MASS. 17 Battery Place NEW YORK CITY Pier 5, North Wharves PHILADELPHIA, PA. 176 The Historical Pageant r ■^ r. Tl FOR YOUR TRIP ABROADj Mediterranean Cruises Ask us about AMERICAN LINE New York Plymouth — Cherbourg — Southampton Philadelphia — Queenstown — Liverpool ATLANTIC TRANSPORT LINE New York — London (Direct) LEYLAND LINE Boston — Liverpool RED STAR LINE New York — Dover — Antwerp Philadelphia — Antwerp WHITE STAR LINE New York-Ply mouth-Cherbourg-Southampton New York — Queenstown — Liverpool Boston — Queenstown — Liverpool Montreal — Quebec — Liverpool (Summer) Portland — Liverpool (Winter) By the largest British Steamers in this trade 'ADRIATIC " " CEDRIC " November 30, January 7, January 21 February 19 and March 5 Four Cruises to the Tropics — 1913 By the ne%vest and finest cruising ships ' LAURENTIC " " MEGANTIC " West Indies — Panama Canal — South America Jan. 8th and 22d — 28 days each Feb. 8th and 22d-29 " $175 and upward For Full Particulars Address PASSENGER DEPARTMENT 1319 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA Gailey, Davis & Co. (Formerly Peter Wright & Sons) Steamship Agents Ship Brokers Chartering GENERAL AGENTS RED STAR TUGS Sea and Harbor Towing HERMAN WOLTER DIVING PLANT Submarine Diving 316-318-320 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA Cable Address:— GAILYDAVIS L- Save Money on Drinking Water Quit buying bottled water and put a Loomis-Manning Water Purifier in your home, office or factory. Do away with the danger, annoyance and bother of bottled water. The water from our Purifier is freshly purified every time you draw a glass. It is clear, sparkling, free from all odor and taste and safe for all purposes. Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company 131 South 16th Street, Philadelphia J Idvcrt'isonents 111 r - I I - A Bit of History The first practical steam heating boiler made in this country for Buildings and Residences was manufactured In us. "We are still leading" Yoii arc cordially invited to our ihowroom. J5he H. B. SMITH CO. ■^ 1225 Arch Street PHILADELPHIA. PENNA. Mill's Water Tube Boiler Compliments of the Diinlap Printing Company Jumper and Cf^erry Streets H. HAMERTOX JOS. B. FREDERICK L- Standard Refrigerator Co. 2543-45-47 Germantown Avenue Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers of High Grade Refrigerators of all kinds and for all purposes Both Phones J 178 The Historical Pageant r 1 Closely Associated with the P r o g r e s s of the C i t iUfftd ( I ncorporated ) VIENNA MODEL BAKERY Established in 1876, at the Centennial Exposition and now located at 21st and Arch Streets WM. J. MITCHELL GEO. W. MITCHELL HARRY C. MITCHELL The above is a reproduction of the Sheridan School situated at G and Ontario Streets. One of the finest and most modern schools in the country. The work was executed by MITCHELL BROTHERS Carpenters, Builders and Contractors 2125 Race Street HORACE LINTON CLARKE LINTON HORACE LINTON W BRO. Manufacturers of 1 ©J 3061-3081 Ruth Street Philadelphia L. ■ I 1 - J r Advertisetnents 1 1 179 OUR PRODUCTIONS HARVEY'S OLDpAST RA7GS OLORFAST MA^T-riNG The Only Guaranteed Matting Produced That I« Fast to Sun and Water ALLFI-The Best All Fibre WOOLFI-Wool and Fibre LYN DO— Extra Heavy BESTALL -Popular Priced HARVEY CARPET COMPANY Trenton and Allegheny Avenues PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK SHOWROOMS, 100 Fifth Avenue LIPPINCOTT, JOHNSON ^ CO. WOOLLENS 1021 Walnut Street Philadelphia L- -' 1- J i8o The Historical Pageant r ■^ HOME OFFICE Union Casualty Insurance Company Third and Walnut Streets Philadelphia E=] The only "Home Company" Chartered in Pennsylvania writing a general line of Casualty Insurance E=] Liability Automobile Plate Glass Burglary Accident Health Hodgson & Beatty Card Stamping and Repeating for all Textile Fabrics Also Repeating for Throw Overs for Fine and French Index 315 West Lehigh Avenue Philadelphia - I — I - J r- Advertisements 1 1 i8i tp Menger #oU)ns; Cxcel SHOPS that closely reproduce the ideas of French leaders, from purchased models, are merely copyists. BUT the shop whose gowns reflect the ideals- i\\t spirit — of great Parisian couturieres is quite as much an originator and creator of individual modes as any of the noted foreign ateliers. ^ I ^HE Wenger Shop is one of ^ the very few in Philadelphia to be accorded this reputation. iH. OTenger INCORPORATED Importer of Women's Apparel 1229 Walnut Street L Importer Tailored Suits Riding Habits Gowns Millinery Lingerie Corsets 1732 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA SCHMALZBACH 1225 Walnut Street Philadelphia's Foremost Custom Tailor for Women's Suits Announces an Unusual October Reduction So splendidly has our business grown, that we have literally outgrown present quarters, and by Decem- ber 15th will be located in a fine, new, large store at 123 South 13th Street. During October we will be getting ready for this great event. Special and a very great reduction will prevail, so as to reduce our stock on hand. DURING OCTOBER We Will Make $65 Suits for $45 We Will Make $100 Suits for $75 At $45, Choice of a Beautiful Selection of Autumn Fabrics Will be Offered At $75, Choice of Velvet, and Exclusive, Finest Cloth Will be Offered Beautiful and Exclusive Evening Gowns Afternoon and Street Dresses and Blouses of Distinctive Style, will also be Offered at Very Low Prices J l82 The Historical Pageant r Gear Wheels and Gear Cutting of Every Description "Hurry Orders and Break-Down Jobs" Special Attention *-■" A I ~\ <^-' - ^r< p^^^ PHILADELPHIA GEAR WORKS Geo. B. Grant, M.E. 1120-22 Vine Street Send for Catalog HW TREATISE ON GEARS By GEO. B. GRANT ONE DOLLAR Keystone Leather Co. Manufacturers of SHOE LEATHERS Q N < o > H B WORKS: CAMDEN, N.J. L 327 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA J r Advertisements 1 I Stephen Thurber Receiver and Distributor Fancy Table Butter York State Cream Cheese Strictly Fresh Eggs 117 Callowhill Street Philadelphia THOMAS REILLY Contractor anb jiuilber 1616 Thompson Street Philadelphia Pittsburg Office: 5856-72 Ellsworth Ave., E. E. L For the Protection of Public Life A New Patented Fender 183 ^^^^^^^^l^ku^^k^ * 't -^ fc. "' l^aHHl ■^"^ . lJLi£W^^^^.2BS ^ •ir ^^^liffit t *■'. .^ '■'i^k '0 ^y. Fenders in their Elevated Position Fenders in their Lower Position These Fenders will prevent the wheels of an Automobile from running over a person or object lying on the ground when the fenders are in their lower position. The Fenders are adapted to he dropped auto- matically from the front, when a person or object comes in contact with the tripping rod on the for- ward part of the Automobile. The Fenders can also be dropped bv the operator of the car when person or object is seen in front of machine. Demonstrations GliiJly Given FREDERICK LILLICH, Inventor Manufactured by CHARLES H. GENTH I Automobile Expert Jefferson Machine Works 2005-7-9 W. Oxford bt., Philadelphia J 1 84 The Historical Pageant -I 1- •^ KEYSTONE, PARK 1034 TELEPHONES BELL, KENSINGTON 41-68D JOHN MARTIN MANUFACTURER OF Packing Boxes 1432-34-36 NORTH SIXTH STREET PHILADELPHIA L Established 1807 Wetherill Products Producers of Profitable Painting: Products A f L^5 PAINT '^ ^'^°'^ \>i\nx and we have the best proposition on earth for progressive dealers who want to sell good paint — profitably. REFLECTOFLAT i\« washable, flat fin- ish, ready-mixed wall finish. Made in white and 14 tints— for any kind of wall, plaster, cement, metal or burlap. REFLECTO-GLOSS '^ ^ dust proof grease-proof inte- rior enamel- — especially adapted to hospitals, facto- ries, hotels, office buildings, etc. — all buildings where people are congregated and proper sanitation is desired. OUR PATRONS KNOW that these, like all our other products, are BEST. They know that the House of Wetherill has made the best of everything in the paint line for more than a century. Why Don't You '^^'^ "^ now for our ■' ofTer to ^ ou .-' ^ ou 11 benefit thereby. Geo. D. Wetherill & Co., Inc. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. PHILADELPHIA Telephone Connection John Galbraith Manufacturer of Packing Boxes 619 Commerce Street Philadelphia J Advertisements 185 r ■I — I- ^ Stone Furnished From Mermaid Quarry To The FollowinK BuildinKs: W. W. HARRISON CASTLE Glensidc, Pa. ST. RITA HALL Villa Nova ColleKe Villa Nova. Pa. ST. JAMES' CHURCH LonK Branch, N J. RECTORY FOR THE CHURCH OF ASCENSION Bradley Beach. N. J. GATE ENTRANCE TO ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE Chestnut Hill. Pa. ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH Harvey St., Germantown. Pa. PERGOLA AT A. VAN RENSSELAER. ESQ. RESIDENCE Camp Hill. Pa. Mermaid Quarry : Mt. Airy Station, P. R. T. Co Chestnut Hill ROCKEFELLER HALL. Bryn Mawr ColleKe Stone Furnished From Mermaid Quarry JERRY O'NEILL & COMPANY Contractors and Building Stone Office: 7811 Germantown Avenue Wyoming Quarry : Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia ^ *"<' Wyoming Avenue Bell Phone °'"*^''' *'^- Bell l^hone, Tioga 57-35 D DONATO DELISE CONTRACTOR 3556 North Seventh Street Philadelphia, Peiina. Both Phones Excavarion Demolition Stone Masonry Grading Concrete Work Hauling JAMES D.DORNEY CONTRACTOR L. 204 East Montgomery Avenue Philadelphia - 1 1 - ■J 1 86 The Historical Pageant r A. HERB DESIGNER AND MANUFACTURER OF ^rtisitic iHemorials; MAIN YARD SECOND STREET PIKE AND WYOMING AVENUE BRANCHES FIFTEENTH AND HAINES STS. - EIGHTEENTH AND HAINES STS- Entrance of Northwood Cemetery No less than 300 to 400 Tomb Stones, 50 to 60 Monuments and various other work to select from to beautify your Cemetery Lot. The right place to purchase if quality counts at moderate prices. No Work Too Small; None Too Large ■^ BELL PHONE Both 'Phones C. A. Cox's Sons Manufacturers and Dealers in Wood Burnt Lime Coal, Plaster, Hair, Cement, etc. Crushed Stone all sizes. Bar Sand and Jersey Gravel in Team or Car lots American Sf. below Susquehanna Ave. Philadelphia, Pa. Members Builders' Exchange KILNS Cold Point Station, Plymouth Railroad J. H. JORDAN CARPENTER AND BUILDER 31st and Oxford Streets Philadelphia Residence 2519 Columbia Avenue Continental Dye Works T. A. HARRIS CO., Inc. BLEACHERS and DYERS "Woolen, W^orsted, Merino and Cotton Yarns, Hosiery and Knit Goods 151 'West Thompson St., Philadelphia J Advertisements r century. THE HISTORICAL CONTINENTAL AS FAMOUS AS EVER Only more modern and up to the minute. Bohemian surroundings for persons of refinement. A continuous pageant of the World's Celebrities within its walls for over half a Chestnut and Ninth Streets, Philadelphia FKANK KIMBLE. Manager Wire for us and we'll 'Wire for you Estimates Furnished Phones Geo. Heinemann & Co. Electrical Engineers and Contractors Manufacturers of ELECTRIC SUPPLIES AND SPECIALTIES Expert Repairing of Dynamos and Motors 500-508 W. Girard Avenue Philadelphia, Pa. One of our recent installations: Convention Hall L FOR SUBURBAN R E A L T \^ SEE WM. H. WILSON & CO. Leading Suburban Brokers 1318 CHESTNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA Rents and Interest Collected. Estates Managed. Notary Public Commissioner of Deeds for New Jersey LEWIS A. TAULANE C. WM. SPIESS Conveyancer, Real Estate and Insurance Broker S. W. Cor. 9th and Walnut Sis. Philadelphia Houses for Rent, Sale and Exchange in all portions of the City. Wills, and Legal Docu- ments of all description carefully prepared. L- J The Historical Pageant ^ Machine or Power Brooms Refilled at Short Notice Manufacturers of Brewers', Butchers', Stable and Street Cleaning Brushes and Brooms PUSH BROOMS of Every Description John Eisenmann & Company Factory 1034-36 Rising Sun Avenue Bell Telephone Philadelphia, Pa. HISTORY Is Recorded by PRINTING INK L Chas. Eneu fohnson and Company The Oldest Ink Makers in the World In Business Continuously at Tenth and Lombard Streets Philadelphia Since 1804 WOLF KLEBANSKY IMPORTER OF RUSSIAN AND SIBERIAN Horse Hair AND Bristles MANES and all kinds of ANIMAL HAIR supplied to the CURLED HAIR TRADE Also Manufacturer of DRAWN HAIR for the supply of brush Manufacturers and Hair Cloth Weavers Office: 246 South Third St. PHILADELPHIA FACTORY 243, 245, 247 South Orianna Street - I I - J Advertisements r FRANK MADER GRANITE AND MARBLE WORKS All Pneumatic Tools MONUMENTS AND LOTS ENCLOSED WITH GRANITE AND MARBLE COPINGS AND POSTS A* Special Attention given to Cemetery Work Richmond below Orthodox Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Turner Concrete Steel Company ENGINEERS and CONTRACTORS PHILADELPHIA, PA. Concrete Construction building Construction L, Partial list of "Buildings we have built complete, or on which we have built the Concrete Construction Warehouse for Acme Tea Co. Bakery for Acme Tea Co. Warehouse for ... Weightman Estate VV' arehouse for . . . H. O. Wilbur Sons Factory for Jno. H. Smaltz Factory for A. Schoenhut Co. PublishingBuildingforJ.W. Peppered' Son Factory for . ..... . Geo. F. Lasher Pubhshing Bldg. for Wilmer Atkinson Co. Factory for H. C. Lea Estate Warehouse for Elec. Service Supphes Co. Factory for ... . John T. Lewis Bros. J 190 The Historical Pacreant Bell Phone, Dickinson 2-15 Keystone Phone. Race 54-29 D •^ // it's tongues we have them Curers and Distributers "Eldorado Brand" Registered Ox, Calf, Pig and Lamb Tongues and Pork Hams Either Pickled, Smoked or Cooked A. M. ELLSWORTH, Inc. Office and Packing House 1201-5 South Juniper Street, Philadelphia THE MUSIC FOR THE PAGEANT IS FURNISHED BY KENDLE'S First Regimen , BAND S. H. KENDLE F. MELLEN KENDLE CONDUCTORS The Leading Band of Philadelphia Music in all its branches L- ROBERT HIGGINS GENERAL CONTRACTOR 4646 Lancaster Ave Philadelphia -J r Advertisements 1 1 Asa \V. Vani.ki.kiii, rrcsiclent Xi i.><..n M . \ am.i ..uii i, \ ic.-l'i.-s. K. \V. 11 ri.rw ai.c K i K, Suc'y .t Treas. ESTABLISHED 1880 ("aiu.i-; Com: "Nklson" I'lirr \, SHEIP & VANDEGRIFT, Inc. Lumber and Mill Work Cigar Boxes 191 814-832 NORTH LAWRENCE STREET Extending Through to Fifth Street PHILADELPHIA To Quench / Thirst ^6^.^ J Fancy Wood i Lock-Corner » BOXES Hardwoods Poplar and Bass Parquetry Flooring Dimension Stock Mouldings Electrotype Blocking MUSIC-MASTER WOOD HORNS Abound in Health The Purest Water in the World L -I 1- J 192 The Historical Pas^eant r ■Ti Horseback riding is genuine sport and healthful exercise, whether it is enjoyed among the mountains, on the sandy shore, or in the city parks. The above group shows a party of enthusiasts ready for a gallop, in the Poconos at Buck Hill Falls Inn, where the riding school each summer is supplied with horses from the Manheim Stables, of Germantown. In the Manheim Stables will be found everything in the way of horses and carriages that could be desired by the most fastidious. Well-trained saddle horses, safe and stylish driving horses, carriages for weddings and receptions, and coupes for calling and shopping may be had at any time. Lessons in riding are given in class or private. Only one or two lessons need be taken in the ring, and the others may be enjoyed along the beautiful W'issahickon, which is reached in ten minutes from the Manheim Stables. Msitors to the Manheim Stables are always welcome, and a half hour there will be well spent, and will prove the statement that everything in the stables is first class and well-appointed. JOHN A. FOLEY MANHEIM STABLES AND RIDING ACADEMY 5434 Germantown Avenue, (Opposite Church Lane) Germantown Bell Phone. Gtn. 14-31 The Moore & White Company Builders of Paper Mill Machinery Friction Clutches Variable Speed Changes Philadelphia, U. S. A. L- JOHN CAPPER Card Stamping and Repeating For All Textile Fabrics BRUSSELS AND WILTON CARDS CUT ON PLATE MACHINE BLANK CARDS CUT TO ORDER ANY SIZE I 1 2628-30 cTVIascher Street J Advertisements 193 t-^^/l^^n- yj^ 4^ SELLING AGENTS MESSRS. SHREVE &. ADAMS 86 Leonard Street - - New York City Bell Telephone W. V. Smalley Wool and Wool Waste and Paper Stock Commission Mixing and Dusting 2107 East Somerset Street Philadelphia WM. R. KREEGER H. ALLAN KREEGER Kree^er & Connolly PAPER BOXES i* 219-227 N. Lawrence Street Philadelphia 194 The Historical Pa^caiU r — I — I- ■^ George W. Chapin Crochet Lace Edgings Torchon Laces Tapes, Braids, Threads Yarns 229 Church Street 231 Philadelphia New York Address 366 Broadway, Room 912 R ooseve It Worsted Mill WORSTED YARN SPINNERS Weaving Yarns Knitting Yarns 2023 Naudain Street, Philadelphia HALKETT, ROGERS & CO. Incorporated Awning Stripes COTTON DUCK AND DRILLS Canvas Goods L. 40 and 42 North Third Street Philadelphia A. BERGMAN Manufacturer of Fine Cardigan Jackets and Sweater Coats Pastorious and Osceola Streets Germantown, Phila., Pa. - ' ' - J Advertisements 195 r- Officia>.l Photo 8ra>.pKs Historica^l Pacgeadit of 1912 •^ Studio on the Grounds Vt^e PHOTOGRAPH ANYTHING ANYTIME ANYWHERE Call Filbert 3601-3602 Special Attention Given to RESIDENCES WEDDINGS and GROUPS Banquet and Social Functions Photographed by Smokeless Artificial Lighting William H. Rau Official Photographer 258 S. Ca.nAaLC Street PhilaLdelphiB^, Pa^. PABST & CO. Window Shade Cloth That Stands the Test of Time Superior Liberty Bell Shade Cloth Made in Two Ciracies : Cambric and Opaque Trade Mark Copyrighted Impoiters of King's Scotch Hollands Joliliers of Bancroft Sunfast and Lonsdale Hollands ESTABLISHKI) ISiSO L. Full Line of Curtain Poles, Shade Fringes and Upholsterers' Hardware Offices: 141-147 N. 12th Street Factory : 22d and Allegheny Avenue PHILADELPHIA C. R. Carver Company Manufacturers of AUTOMATIC Stamping and Embossing Presses 20th and Clearfield Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. -J 196 The Historical Pacrcaut r ^ ^ SCHWEIGART BrOS. American Dye Works D ( :=ioi ) I I ——^ DYERS OF ^— — Cotton, Woolen, Worsted and Hosiery Yarns ^ s^ Fast Colors for Upholstery, Chenille and Silkline Trade | i il l< =10 1 =^ H i| Westmoreland and Tulip Streets Philadelphia L ^ J Advert iscDi cuts r ■ I I - AM)RFA\"S MILL COMPANY Finest Worsted made in the United States 197 drp:ss goods french dye FRENCH SPINNLNG MEN'S WEAR FRENCH FINISH Leiper Street and Adams Avenue, Frankford, Philadelphia Our mill started in 1905 with 30 broad looms. We have at present 250 broad looms. The success of the company is due to the special attention and care, which is given to our weaving and finishing. Bell Phone T. C. KREWSON Manufacturer of LADDERS Extension Ladders Sectional Ladders Swinging Stages Jacks and Hods 801-803 Maser Street Philadelphia, Pa. Bell. Walnut 2872 Keystone, Main 5825 A L. HASSELBERG BROS. SIGNS AND LETTERING Wood, Wire, Brass, Electric and Illuminated Signs 1004 Moravian Street, Philadelphia lOlh Street above Walnut WOLF & CO. Callowhill, Carlton and Twelfth Streets Philadelphia, Pa. Art Calendars, Pictorial Advertising Hangers, Inlaid Lettered Signs, Interesting Booklets Box Tops, Leather, Cutlery and Cardboard Novelties. JOHN W. CARSON Dyer of Woolen, Worsted, Cotton and Jute YARNS Glenwood Ave. below Second St- Philadelphia Stock Fully Insured -J 198 r The Historical Pageant 1 1 ■^ Boston, Mass. New York. N. Y. Detroit. Mich. F. P. \^oll £? Co. Manufacturers of Curled Hair, Brush and Bedding Supplies Office and Factory Church and Tacony Sts. Frankford. Pa. Cable Address. Frewoll. Philadelphia A. B. C. Code. 5th Edition. Lieber's Code R. L. AHLES President J. W. AHLES Treasurer W. L. WRIGHT Vice President W. J. OGDEN Secretary Tioga Steel & Iron Company FORGINGS L. Office and Works Fifty-Second and Gray's Avenue Philadelphia, Pa. The Liverpool and London and Globe Ins. Co., Ltd. The Globe Indemnity Co. WM. E. BATES, General Agent 331-337 Walnut Street Philadelphia SMEDLEY BROS. CO. Manufacturers and Dealers in LUMBER and MILL \^ORK Frankford, Phila., Pa. Ridgway Refrigerator Co. 5th and Tioga Streets Philadelphia, Pa. Builders of Refrigerators & Store Fixtures Also for Clubs, Institutions & Residences E. B. ATKINS, Mgr. Both Phones OFFICIAL CONTRACTORS D. C. Humphrys Co. SCENIC DISPLAYS %ir 913 Arch Street s^sTa Decorations, Banners, Flags, Signs, Tents and Covers The History of Elastic Fabrics shows the "Best Made" Braids, Cords and Webbing are made by Christ Bros. Mfg. Co. 1303 Buttonwood Street Philadelphia J Advertisements r -I I- 199 If you do not get your printing done by us WE BOTH LOSE GEORGE H BUCHANAN COMPANY 418-422 SANSON! STREET, PHILADELPHIA /'AY.Vy/.Vc; /OK FARRYBODV Eagle Suspender and Belt Company, Inc. Manufacturers of L Suspenders, Belts, Garters and Arm Bands 1208-10-12-14-16 Race Street Philadelphia, Pa. Bernhard Ernst Bros. Curers and Packers of all kinds of SMOKED. DRIED AND SAT.T FISH Boneless Ham, Boiled Ham, Boiled Corn Beef, Tenders and Boiled Tongue Under U. S. Inspection 2920 NORTH SIXTH ST. PHILADELPHIA Sprague Worsted Mills Manufacturers of Men's Wear and Dress Goods Wister Station, Germantown Philadelphia - I I - J 200 The Historical Pageant r ■^ Church and Tacony Streets, Frankford Established Over 100 Years HORACE M. SINER CHARLES B. SINER H. M. & C B. SINER BRICK MANUFACTURERS Red Building Brick a Specialty ^ FRANKFORD, PHILADELPHIA L. K Street below Nicetown Lane, Frankford ■ 1 1 J Advertisements 201 Under the Hat of Penn The good ship "Welcome," that brought WilHam Penn to this city and province two hundred and thirty years ago, brought, like- wise, a printing press and an outfit of type. With this early recognition of the value of the printed page, it is only natural that there should follow in the same community the first paper mill, the first type foundry and the first advertising agency in America. Nor should it either be thought strange that right here under the hat of Penn, in this old Quaker town — the staunchest city in America — there should be found today the largest advertising business in the world, conducted on the Philadelphia idea — "Keeping Ever- lasting At It Brings Success." In order to be successful, it always has been and always will be necessary for a busi- ness man to tell others what he has or what he is doing. Whatever the method employed, such telling is advertising. It may be a conversation, a letter, a show window, ^^ *^*0V " '"^ a sign, a poster, a car card, a catalog, a cir- cular or a sample, as the needs of the case may dictate, but where a business announcement is in- tended for many peo- ple whose address is unknown and whose time is occupied, the best way to inform them is the way in which they get most of their other information — in the way you are now getting this — by means of the printed page. The firm of N. W, Ayer & Son was or- ganized in April, 1869— forty-three years ago — by two men who invested two hundred and fifty dollars. Today it has three hundred and forty-five trained helpers. In ten years the firm was doing the largest business in its line — a position it has maintained ever since. There is but one explanation for this^they have made it pay business men to advertise. Our business is composed of many littles and many littles that have grown big. We investigate conditions, give counsel, furnish plans, select mediums, purchase space, pre- pare advertisements, register the service given and care for all other details of News- paper, Magazine, Street Car and Outdoor advertising. If vou are interested in advertising, do not iN^pi'^^^ A,V\ NN i V hesitate to give us a sign. Itwill afford us pleasure to discuss '^' the subjectwith you. ■^ This simple offerhas proven the vestil)ule to many a substantial advertising success. We have a welcome for you; and we hope you will use it. 202 The Historical Pas^eant r 3EEIE S AUNDERS' New Home ^ WHERE GOOD MEDICAL BOOKS ARE PUBLISHED We have just moved into our new seven -story building, located on West Washington Square, Philadelphia's new publishing center. Twenty- four years ago, when the business was founded, our floor space was less than 1000 square feet. Our new home gives us over 30,000 s(]uare feet and is by far the largest and best ecjuipped plant in existence devoted exclusively to the publishing of medical books. It is an interesting fact that Philadelphia owes its reputation as a medi- cal center largely to a publisher. It was through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin that the old "Academy," that stood at Fourth and Arch Streets, was founded. Here, in 1765, was established the first Medical School' on this Continent and from this grew the present Medical Depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania. It is eminently fitting, therefore, that Washington Square, with its many historic associations of Franklin and his times, should have been the location selected for our new home. L, =}{==]E J