A^ ^gV ^^0^ .^^•^^, < .** "•^^ e-o* J-"-n#.. »>>>- c^ ■».'^ .' ■n^o^ .^^ ■^ ^ >^ . 6 - t . -^^ ^OV^ -^Ao^ 0" •• ^^> ,/ '^ ^^^^. .*^\ >^o^ -c-. 0^*' \ -I <^. r.V o » o -^^ A V ... -^ t .«^^ ..'-, '^. Tfl E University New Testament IN MODERN HISTORICAL AND LITERARY FORM, FOR THE CHURCH, THE SCHOOL, AND THE PIOME EMBRACING THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST IN THE WORDS OF MARK, MATTHEW, LUKE AND JOHN AND THE CHURCH OF THE APOSTLES ACCORDING TO ACTS, THE EPISTLES AND REVELATION HISTORICALLY HARMONIZED, CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED, EXHAUST- IVELY ANALYZED, GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATED, ACCURATELY DATED, AND FULLY DESCRIBED In Accordance with the Latest and Best Christian Scholarship For the Minister and Scholar, the Sunday School Teacher and Christian Worker, the Bible Student and Devotional Reader BY THE REV. S. TOWNSEND WEAVER ^d . • & International A O JSS i 1 v/9w^^^^^y"i^W L = •- ^ ^K^'^^I'^^P °S2j \ ^^^^§^^lT 1— S3 LU JOHNCWINSTONCOJ CL. d. a i.^^ ^^International'' SS g2 S Printed and Bound at the "International Press.' rD oa ^ Philadelphia, U. S. A. CO ^» CNI The John C. Winston Co. s « s c:> jss CO t— ^s ,'^^ Q*^ 1m' Copyright, 1909, By S. TOWNSEND WEAVER. > n ("^ \1 u ii To RUSSELL H. CONWELL President of Temple University PHILADELPHIA As an expression of esteem and admiration for his emi- nent services to American youth This volume is respectfully inscribed. The Plan of the Book. The University New Testament is so named because it is constructed according to the latest, safest and best Christian scholarship by which alone the Life of Jesus Christ and the Ministry and Literature of the Apostles and their companions are to be fully understood. The New Testament, as we are accustomed to turn its pages, is a volume containing twenty-seven different writings, each printed by itself as a whole, and these are arranged in such an order as has no mean- ing for the student and reader of to-day. As the various books were written by several different persons, and some of them treat of the same events from an individual viewpoint, the result is that in reading the Gospel story in various parts of the volume there is more or less repeti- tion of the narrative of the Life of Jesus, and there is likewise a lack of historical order in the Acts and Epistles. In this work a reverent attempt is made to so arrange all the con- tents of the New Testament that the reader may understand it as a true presentation of the order of events of this Sacred History without for a moment losing the identity of any scripture passage. Every word of the New Testament is here: only, the text has been placed exactly where it belongs in the narrative. It is as though, at the time when the last writer laid down his pen, some faithful scribe had so copied all the manuscripts of our New Testament that they would form a har- monious whole and be capable of being read as an ordinary history is read. For example, after having copied what Matthew has to say of the birth of Christ, he would have followed it with what Luke has to say, and stated, "This is how Luke tells it," etc. Scholars have long recognized the necessity of bringing together the now separated parts of the New Testament, and have devised elabo- rate tables, giving the references to passages which describe the same events. Such a "Harmony of the Gospels," however, is of little use for practical reading and successful study. The University New Testament is the ideal work alike for the scholar, the preacher, the teacher and student, and the reader. It is constructive in its learning, and abreast of the accepted interpretations; it is indispensable to the teacher in the class; it is necessary to the Bible student because of the flood of light it throws on the Life of Christ and the Ministry of the Apostles; and it reverently guides the religious thought and feeling of the devout reader. As is well known, the New Testament is divided into two parts, namely, the Life of Christ and the Church of the Apostles. (v) ^ THE PLAN OF THE BOOK. There are four inspired accounts of the Life and Ministry of Jesus, viz., Matthew's, Mark's, Luke's, and John's. These are distinct from each other, having marked dissimilarities, but considered together they confirm, supplement and complete each other. What is told us of Jesus by each one is put in its proper place in a carefully arranged biography, exhaustively analyzed, geographically located, and fully described, so that the Ufe of Jesus may be traced with historical accuracy from the beginning of the Gospels to the Ascension. In the Church of the Apostles, a no less interesting field is entered. The twenty-three sacred manuscripts comprising this part of the New Testament are historically assembled and grouped, fully analyzed, geographically located, accurately dated and described, so that the life and work of the Apostles and their companions, from the Ascension of Christ to the death of the apostle John at the close of the first century, may be read and studied with deep historical interest and with instruc- tiveness that is of the highest educational value. The master leaders, Peter, James, Paul and John, stand forth in strong outline, and the growth and organization of the Church among the Jews and afterward in the world at large may be followed with almost perfect accuracy. The conception of the University New Testament originated in a Bible class of about forty young men and women in a congregation of one of the well known denominations of Protestantism. Several years and many volumes have entered into the construction of the work. A glance at the Table of Contents and a most casual examination of the pages of the work will show its great advantage to the Christian student and worker and the abundant riches of the contents of the New Testament. The volume is designed for the minister and scholar, for the busy layman, for all Christian workers, for young people, and for the quiet hour reading and devotion of every member of the church. To make the significance of each part of the text clear at a glance, the main narrative is printed in ordinary roman type [ordinary reman type]. Wherever a conversation or address occurs, the spoken words are printed in similiar type but smaller [similar type but smaller] and indented on the page. All quotations from the Old Testament are given in Italic letters [Italic letters] and are also indented. Hymns and poems occurring in the New Testament are set in Tudor Text [Zwiov Ueit] letters. The chapter and section headings, printed in heavy capitals [HEAVY CAP- ITALS] and in small black type [small black type], giving a summary of the paragraph which follows, are the work of the author. For the accuracy of the text reference is made to the Revised Version, which has been followed with absolute fidelity. The Literature of the New Testament. With the rich and voluminous Hterature of the ApostoUc Age before me I have prepared for Bible students and readers a series of Bible Studies by which the Sacred Scriptures may be fully understood, employing the inspired text in the body of reading matter, and arrang- ing the same according to the laws of historical and literary composi- tion and interpretation. In the University Bible, the New Testament of which is now pre- sented to the public, I have followed, as the trained student will observe, the harmony and chronology of advanced constructive scholarship. In the First Division of this Testament the harmony is based upon the theory of the oral traditions of the Gospels, one of the greatest triumphs of Christian scholarship, and in the Second Division it is based upon the explorations and researches of Sir Wtlliam Ramsay. Since the translation of the Scriptures into the English tongue little has taken place in connection with the history of the Bible that exceeds in import- ance these advances made in Apostolic study. The best workmanship that has been done in Gospel harmony since Robinson, and which I have largely followed in the distribution of the Sayings of Jesus, has been done by Dr. David Smith, of Glasgow University, in the Introduc- tion to the commentary on Matthew which he has prepared for the Westminster New Testament (Re veil). Dr. Sanday's "Outlines of the Life of Christ" is also regarded as a distinct advance among the lives of Christ, and will be seen to have contributed to this work. Somewhat better known, perhaps, is the work of Sir William Ramsay in the Apostolic period during the past quarter of a century. This work differs materially from the well known scholarly publications on harmony and chronology. However, Professor Ramsay's well known contri- butions to the apostolic literature, the British Weekly and Sunday School Times are a sufficient guarantee of the regard in which he and his work are held in Europe and America. King Edward has honored his reign by honoring this lay student of New Testament history and literature, and "The Church in the Roman Empire" and "St. Paul the Traveller and Roman Citizen" will take their places by the side of the best biblical productions of the Victorian Era. For those who have been educated in and prefer the Robinson harmonies, such as Horswell's, Kerr's, Stevens and Burton's, and similar European harmonies, and the well known traditional views of (vii) viii THE LITERATURE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. the Apostolic Age, I have prepared the Biblical New Testament series, in which may be found the Biblical Life of Christ, The Biblical Church of Christ, and the lives of the apostolic leaders. These differ materi- ally from the University New Testament, particularly in the harmony and chronology of the entire period, but follow a similar display of the historical arrangement and literary character of the work. To these I have added, among others growing out of several years' popular instruction in the Bible, The Literary New Testament, follow- ing the canonical arrangement, and The Apostolic New Testament, following the historical arrangement, of the twenty-seven inspired books, in both of which each book is thoroughly analyzed in accord- ance with the laws of literary construction and the best results of Christian scholarship, and its character, contents and message made entirely plain. Trained students of the New Testament will appreciate the embar- rassment one feels when an attempt is made to indicate the literature which has been consulted in the preparation of these volumes. The field is one of never-ending interest for the inquiring believer. I have had access to the entire output of Christian thinking during the past two thousand years. Professor Harnack praises the Epistles of Paul, the writings of Luke and the history of Eusebius as the foundation of our knowledge of the Apostolic Age. Add to these the numberless his- tories, commentaries, introductions, cyclopedias, dictionaries, geogra- phies, etc., the necessary tools of the Christian student, and one has before him some of the richest treasures of the Church. I have been assisted on every side by scholars of every school, church and age, and have found myself forming the warmest attachment for the men who have labored long and well over the problems of the New Testament, whether I was in agreement with them or not. I should be very glad to know of any who have been assisted by the work I have done. Any believer in Jesus as Lord may study to show himself approved, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth, if he will. The task is not difficult, and it is exceedingly attractive. Few people can follow these New Testament studies in good faith without becoming firmly established in the assurance that the work narrated was in reality done by Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, and the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Adorable Trinity, and with that assurance take up the tasks of the Kingdom in the spirit of the great apostles Peter, Paul, James and John. S. TOWNSEND WEAVER. Philadelphia, Pa., 1909. Table of Contents First Division : THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST Page Part One: The Private Life of Jesus Christ 1-16 CHAPTER I. THE INTRODUCTION TO THE GOSPELS 1,2 §1. The Preface of Luke i §2. The Prologue of John i CHAPTER II. THE GENEALOGIES OF JESUS CHRIST 3, 4 §1. The Hebrew Lineage of Jesus 3 §2. The Natural Ancestry of Jesus 3 CHAPTER III. THE ANNUNCIATIONS 5-7 §1. The Annunciation to Zacharias .5 §2. The Annunciation to Mary 6 §3. The Visit of Mary to Elisabeth 6 CHAPTER IV. THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST 8, 9 The Private Life of John 8 CHAPTER V. THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST 10-13 §1. The Relation of Mary and Joseph 10 §2. The Birth of Jesus 10 §3. The Proclamation to the Shepherds 11 §4. The Circumcision of Jesus 11 §5. The Presentation in the Temple 12 §6. The Visit of the Wise Men 13 CHAPTER VI. THE PERSECUTION OF HEROD THE GREAT 14,15 §1. The Flight into Egypt 14 §2. The Massacre at Bethlehem 14 §3. The Return of the Holy Family 14 CHAPTER VII. THE LIFE OF JESUS AT NAZARETH 16 §1. The Period of Childhood 16 §2. The Passover Visit to Jerusalem 16 §3. The Young Manhood of Jesus 16 (ix) X CONTENTS. Page Part Two: The Public Ministry of Jesus Christ. 17-230 CHAPTER I. THE OPENING EVENTS OF THE MINISTRY. . 17-25 I. JESUS AND JOHN THE BAPTIST 17-25 §1. The Coming of John the Baptist 17 §2. The Baptism of Jesus 20 §3. The Temptation of Jesus 20 §4. The Sanhedrin Inquiry of John 22 §5. The First Disciples of Jesus 23 §6. The Return to Galilee 24 §7. The First Miracle of Jesus 24 §8. The Sojourn at Capernaum 25 CHAPTER II. THE MINISTRY IN JUD^A 26-32 I. THE PASSOVER AT JERUSALEM 26-28 §1. The Public Appearance at Jerusalem 26 §2. The Cleansing of the Temple 26 §3. The Reception of Jesus in Jerusalem 27 II. THE SOJOURN IN JUDiEA 28-30 § I . The Ministry in Judaea 28 §2. The Testimony of John the Baptist 29 §3. The Arrest of John the Baptist 29 §4. The Departure of Jesus from Judaea 30 III. THE MINISTRY IN SAMARIA 30-32 §1. The Ministry in Samaria en Route 30 §2. The Departure from Samaria 32 CHAPTER III. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE 33-117 .1. THE PREPARATION OF THE KINGDOM 33-52 I. THE SETTLEMENT AT CAPERNAUM 33-34 § I . The Arrival in GaUlee 33 §2. The Second Visit to Cana 33 §3. The Settlement at Capernaum 34 II. THE MINSTRY AT CAPERNAUM AND THE FIRST PREACHING TOUR 34-42 §1. The Call of the Four 34 §2. The CaU of Others 36 §3. The Messiah's Proclamation 36 §4. In Peter's House at Capernaum 39 §5. The First Preaching Tour 40 III. THE BEGINNING OF CRITICISM AND HOSTILITY 42-47 §1. The Centurion's Servant 42 §2. The Paralytic Borne of Four 43 §3. The Call of Levi 45 §4. The Question about Fasting 46 IV. THE VISIT TO JERUSALEM 47-52 §1. The Man at the Pool 47 §2. The Return to Capernaum 50 §3. The Man with a Withered Hand at Capernaum 51 CONTENTS. Page B. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE KINGDOM ... .s^-g^ V. THE TWELVE APOSTLES 53-59 §1. The Widespread Fame of Jesus 53 §2. The Appointment of the Twelve 53 §3. The Ordination of the Twelve .54 §4. Instruction in Prayer 57 VI. THE EMISSARIES FROM JERUSALEM 59-63 §1. The Return to Capernaum 59 §2. The Unpardonable Sin 59 §3. The Request for a Sign 61 §4. The Praise of a Woman 62 §5. The Solicitude of Jesus' Mother and Brethren 62 VII. THE INSTRUCTION BY PARABLES 63-69 §1. The Parables by the Sea 63 i. The Parable of "the Sower" 63 ii. The Parable of "the Candle under the Bushel" , 66 iii. The Parable of "the Tares" 67 iv. The Parable of "the Seed Growing Secretly" . 67 V. The Parable of "the Mustard Seed" 67 vi. The Parable of "the Leaven" 68 §2. The Return to Capernaum and the Continued Par- able 68 u The Parable of "the Hidden Treasure" 69 ii. The Parable of "the Pearl" 69 iii. The Parable of "the Fishing Net" 69 iv. The Parable of "the Householder" 69 VIII. THE RETREAT ACROSS THE SEA 69-73 §1. Stilling the Tempest 69 §2. The Demoniacs of Gadara 71 IX. THE RETURN TO CAPERNAUM 73-77 §1. The Daughter of Jairus 73 §2. The Two Blind Men 76 §3. The Anointing of Jesus 76 X. ANOTHER PREACHING TOUR 77-87 §1. The Second Preaching Tour 77 §2. The Rejection at Nazareth 78 §3. The Mission of the Twelve 79 §4. The Visit to Nain 83 §5. The Inquiry of John the Baptist 83 §6. The Martyrdom of John the Baptist 85 §7. The Alarm of King Herod 86 §8. The Return of the Twelve 87 XI. THE CRISIS IN GALILEE 87-97 §1. The Retreat Across the Sea 87 §2. Feeding the Five Thousand ■. . .88 §3. The Plan to Make Jesus King 90 §4. Jesus Walks on the Sea of GaHlee 90 §5. The Healing of the People 92 xii CONTENTS. Page §6. The Discourse on "The Bread of Life" 92 §7. Many Disciples Forsake Jesus 94 §8. Eating with Unwashed Hands 95 C. THE CULMINATION OF THE KINGDOM ... .98-117 XII. THE RETREAT INTO PHCEWICIA 98 §1. The Syrophoenician Woman's Daughter 98 §2. The Return Through DecapoUs 99 XIII. A BRIEF RETURN TO THE SEA 99-102 §1. Feeding of the Four Thousand 99 §2. The Third Request for a Sign 100 §3. The Leaven loi XIV. THE RETURN TO THE NORTH 102-109 §1. The Healing of a BUnd Man 102 §2. The Great Confession 103 §3. Jesus Foretells His Death and Resurrection 104 §4. The Transfiguration 105 §5. The Demoniac Boy 107 XV. THE RETURN TO GALILEE 109-117 §1. Jesus Again Foretells His Death and Resurrection. . 109 §2. The Temple Tax no §3. "Who is Greatest ? " no §4. The Mission of the Seventy 113 §5. The Discourse on Worldly-Mindedness 114 §6. The Slaughter of the Galilaeans 116 §7. The Woman Healed on the Sabbath 116 CHAPTER IV. THE JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM.. . .118-155 L THE JOURNEY THROUGH GALILEE AND SAMARIA 118-128 §1. The Approaching Feast of Tabernacles 118 §2. The Final Departure from Galilee 118 §3. "Are Few Saved?" 119 §4. The Warning Against Herod 119 §5. At a Pharisee's Table 120 §6. "The Cost of Discipleship" 121 §7. Three Parables of Grace 121 i. The Parable of "the Lost Sheep" 122 ii. The Parable of "the Lost Coin" 122 iii. The Parable of "the Prodigal Son" 122 §8. Two Parables of Warning 123 i. The Parable of "the Unjust Steward" 123 ii. The Parable of "the Rich Man and Lazarus" 124 §9. The Greatness of Faith 124 §10. The Parable of "the Unprofitable Servants" 125 §11. The Ten Lepers 125 §12. The Coming of the Kingdom 125 §13. The Parable of "the Pharisee and the Publican" .. . 126 §14. The Rejection in Samaria 126 §15. The Return of the Seventy 127 §16. "The Good Samaritan" 127 CONTENTS. xiii Page II. THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES 128-139 §1. The Visit to Bethany 128 §2. The Feast of Tabernacles .129 §3. The Arrival of Jesus in Jerusalem 129 §4. The Attempt to Arrest Jesus 130 §5. The Woman Taken in Sin 131 §6. "The Light of the World" 132 §7. The Attempt to Stone Jesus 133 §8. The Man Born Blind 135 §9. "I am the Good Shepherd" 137 §10. The Feast of Dedication 138 §11. Jesus Weeps over Jerusalem 139 III. THE RETREAT BEYOND THE JORDAN 140-145 §1. The Departure to Bethany 140 §2. The Question of Divorce 140 §3. Jesus Blesses Little Children 142 §4. The Rich Young Ruler 142 IV. THE RAISING OF LAZARUS 146 §1. The Death of Lazarus 146 §2. The Report of the Miracle in Jerusalem 148 §3. The Meeting of the Sanhedrin 148 §4. The Retirement of Jesus to Ephraim in Judea 149 V. THE DEPARTURE FOR THE PASSOVER 149 §1. The Third Announcement of His Crucifixion 149 §2. The Ambition of James and John 150 §3. Jesus at Jericho 151 §4. Zacchaeus the Publican 152 §5. The Parable of "the Pounds" 153 §6. The Visit to Bethany 154 §7. The Plot Against Lazarus .155 CHAPTER V. THE PASSION WEEK 156-218 SUNDAY, APRIL 2 : A DAY OF TRIUMPH 156-158 THE TRIUMPHAL ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM 156 MONDAY, APRIL 3: A DAY OF AUTHORITY 159-160 §1. The Cursing of the Fig Tree 159 §2. The Second Cleansing of the Temple 159 §3. The Ministry in the Temple 160 TUESDAY, APRIL 4: A DAY OF CONFLICT 160-183 §1. The Fig Tree is Found Withered .160 §2. The Controversy with the Sanhedrin 161 a. The Challenge of the Sanhedrin 161 h. Three Parables of Warning 162 i. The Parable of "the Two Sons" .162 ii. The Parable of "the Wicked Husbandmen". 162 ill. The Parable of "the Marriage of the King's Son. 164 xiv CONTENTS. Page c. The Conspiracy of the Jews to Ensnare Him. . .165 i. The Question of the Pharisees and Hero- dians 165 ii. The Question of the Sadducees 166 iii. The Question of a Lawyer of the Pharisees 168 d. Jesus Propounds the Question: "How is Christ David's Son?" 169 e. The Public Indictment of the Pharisees 170 §3. The Widow's Two Mites 172 §4. Certain Greeks Seek Jesus 173 §5. The Jews Reject Jesus 174 §6. The Great Discourse on Things to Come 174 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 5 : A DAY OF RETIREMENT 183-184 THE CONSPIRACY OF JUDAS AND THE SANHEDRIN 183 THURSDAY, APRIL 6: THE LAST DAY WITH THE TWELVE. 184-196 §1. The Observance of the Passover 184 §2, Jesus Washes His Apostles' Feet 185 §3. Judas the Betrayer 187 §4. The Institution of the Lord's Supper 188 §5. Jesus Again Tells of His Death, and of Peter's Denial . 189 §6. The Promise of the Holy Spirit 191 §7. The Departure to the Temple 192 a. The Parable of "the Vine" 192 b. The Office of the Holy Spirit 193 c. Jesus' Concluding Words 194 d. The Prayer of Jesus for the Apostles 195 FRIDAY, APRIL 7: THE DAY OF DEATH 196-217 §1. The Agony in the Garden 196 §2. The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus 198 §3. The Trial of Jesus by the Jews 200 §4. The Trial of Jesus by the Romans 205 §5. The Crucifixion of Jesus 211 §6. The Burial of Jesus 216 SATURDAY, APRIL 8: THE DAY IN THE TOMB 217-218 §1. The Watch of the Sanhedrin 217 §2. The Sabbath Rest for the Disciples 218 CHAPTER VI. THE FORTY DAYS 219-228 §1. The Resurrection of Jesus 219 §2. The First Appearance of Jesus 221 §3. The Second Appearance of Jesus 221 §4. Peter and John Visit the Tomb 222 §5. The Report of the Watch 222 §6, The Third Appearance 222 §7, The Fourth Appearance 222 §8. The Fifth Appearance 224 §9, The Sixth Appearance 225 §10. The Seventh Appearance 226 §11. The Eighth Appearance 226 §12. The Ninth Appearance 228 § 13. The Tenth Appearance 228 CONTENTS. XV Page CHAPTER VII. THE ASCENSION OF JESUS 229-230 §1. The Eleventh Appearance and Ascension 229 §2. The Conclusion of the Gospel ^229 §3. The Ever-Living Saviour 230 Second Division: THE CHURCH OF THE APOSTLES Part One: The Introduction, 233-234 THE INSTITUTION OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 233 §1. Luke's Address to Theophilus 233 §2. The Inquiry of the Apostles 233 §3. The Ascension 234 Part Two : The Church and the Jews, . 235-278 A. THE CH URCH OF JER USALEM 235-253 CHAPTER I. THE BODY OF APOSTLES 235 §1. The Return to Jerusalem 235 §2. The Choice of an Apostle to Succeed Judas 235 CHAPTER II. THE DAY OF PENTECOST 237-239 §1. The Coming of the Holy Spirit 237 §2. Peter's Sermon and the Great Awakening 237-239 §3. The Church after Pentecost 239 CHAPTER III. PETER AND JOHN AT THE TEMPLE 240-243 §1. The Healing of the Lame Man 240 §2. The Address of Peter to the People 240 §3. The Arrest and Trial of Peter and John 241 §4. The Return of the Apostles to the Church 243 CHAPTER IV. THE SOCIAL LIFE OF THE CHURCH 244 § I. Community of Property 244 §2. The Cases of. Barnabas and Ananias and Sapphira. . 244 CHAPTER V. THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHURCH 246 §1. The Popularity of the Twelve 246 §2. The Arrest and Imprisonment of the Apostles 246 §3. The Meeting of the Sanhedrin 246 xvi CONTENTS. Page CHAPTER VI. THE CHOICE OF THE SEVEN 249 Seven Men are Chosen for Lay Duties in the Church 249 CHAPTER VII. THE GREAT PERSECUTION 250-253 §1. The Martyrdom of Stephen 250 §2. The Dispersion of the Church 253 B. THE CHURCH OF THE DISPERSION 254-278 CHAPTER I. THE CHURCH IN SAMARIA 254 §1. The Ministry of Philip 254 §2. The Mission of Peter and John to Samaria 255 CHAPTER II. THE MAN FROM ETHIOPIA 256 The Ministry of Philip to the Treasurer of Ethiopia. 256 CHAPTER III. THE CONVERSION OF SAUL OF TARSUS . . . 258-261 §1. The Great Persecution Continued 258 §2, The Conversion of Saul 258, 259 §3. The Sojourn of Saul in Arabia 260 §4. The Return of Saul to Damascus 260 §5. The Visit of Saul to Jerusalem 261 §6. The Return of Saul to Tarsus 261 CHAPTER IV. THE GENTILE PENTECOST 262 a. The Introduction of the Gospel to the Gentiles 262 §1. Peter's Tour of Palestine and Ministry at Lydda. . . . 262 §2. The Ministry of Peter at Joppa 262 §3. The Ministry at Csesarea 263 b. The Recognition of ike Gentiles by the Church 265 The Church at Jerusalem and the Gentile Pentecost. 265 CHAPTER V. THE CHURCH AT ANTIOCH 267 a. The Ministry at Aniioch 267 §1. The Founding of the Church 267 §2. The Mission of Barnabas to Antioch 267 §3. The Call of Paul to Antioch 267 b. The Famine- Mission to J Jerusalem 268 §1. The World-Wide Famine 268 §2. The Mission to Jerusalem 268 §3. The Call of Paul to the Gentiles 268 §4. The Apostolic Agreement with the Church 269 CHAPTER VI. THE HERODIAN PERSECUTION 270 §1. The Martyrdom of the Apostle James 270 §2. The Arrest and Deliverance of Peter 270 CONTENTS. xvii Page §3. Consternation at the Prison 271 §4. The Blasphemy and Death of Herod 271 CHAPTER VII. THE EPISTLE OF JAMES 273-278 Part Three: The Church and the World 279-496 A. THE WORLD-WIDE CH URCH 279-422 CHAPTER I. THE INSTITUTION OF THE MISSIONARY JOURNEY 279 The Call and Ordination of Paul and Barnabas 279 CHAPTER II. THE FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY 280-288 a. The Visit to Cyprus 280 The Conversion of the Roman Proconsul 280 b. The Founding of the Churches of Galatia 280-285 §1. The Journey into Galatia 280 §2. The Illness of Paul in Galatia 281 §3. The Ministry at Antioch of Pisidia 281 §4. The Ministry at Iconium 283 §5. The Ministry at Lystra 283 §6. The Ministry at Derbe and the Return to Antioch in Syria . . 284 CHAPTER III. THE COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM 286-288 §1. The Gentile Controversy at Antioch 286 §2. The Meeting of the Council 286 §3. The Sojourn at Antioch 288 CHAPTER IV. THE SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY. .... 289-304 a. The Journey into Europe 289 §1. The Departure of Paul and Silas 289 §2. The Providential Direction Toward Europe ... .290 b. The Ministry in Europe 290-303 I. THE MINISTRY AT PHILIPPI 290 §1. The Conversion of Lydia 290 §2. The Conversion of the Philippian Jailor 290 II. THE MINISTRY AT THESSALONICA 292 § I. The Founding of the Church 292 §2. The Jewish Riot at Thessalonica 292 III. THE MINISTRY AT BERCEA 293 §1. The Founding of the Church 293 §2. The Thessalonian Rioters at Beroea 293 xviii CONTENTS. Page IV. THE MINISTRY AT ATHENS 293-295 §1. The Apostle's Impression of the City 293 §2. The Visit to the Athenian University 294 §3. The Mission of Timothy to Thessalonica 295 V. THE MINISTRY AT CORINTH 295-303 §1. The Arrival of Paul and Silas from Athens 295 §2. The Ministry from Corinth to the Church at Thessa- lonica. (First Thessalonians.) 295-299 §3. The Founding of the Corinthian Church 300 §4. Paul Before the Proconsul 300 §5. The Second Ministry from Corinth to the Church at Thessalonica. (Second Thessalonians.) 301-303 c. The Return to Antioch in Syria 303 I. THE JOURNEY FROM CORINTH TO ANTIOCH 303 The Departure from Corinth and Voyage to Antioch. . 303 II. THE SOJOURN OF PAUL AT ANTIOCH 304-311 §1. Luke's Brief Record of the Sojourn 304 §2. The Visit of Peter to Antioch 304 §3. The Ministry from Antioch to the Churches of Galatia. (Epistle to the Galatians.) 304-311 CHAPTER V. THE THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY 312-376 a. The Journey to Ephesus 312 The Ministry to the Churches of Galatia 312 h. The Ministry in Asia 312-335 §1. The Residence at Ephesus 312 §2. The Founding of the Churches of Asia 313 §3. The Ephesian Awakening 313 §4. A Possible Visit to Corinth 314 §5. Paul Writes a Letter to the Church at Corinth 314 §6. Paul's Missionary Plans at Ephesus 314 §7. The Mission to Macedonia 314 §8. The Ministry from Ephesus to the Church at Cor- inth. (First Corinthians) 315-334 §9. The Mission of Titus to Corinth 334 §10. The Apostle's Illness at Ephesus 335 §11. The Pagan Riot at Ephesus 335 c. The Return via Europe to Palestine 336—376 §1. The Departure from Ephesus for Macedonia 336 §2. The Stop at Troas 336 §3. The Ministry in Macedonia 337 §4. The Ministry from Macedonia to the Church at Cor- inth. (Second C'orinthians.) 337-350 §5. The Ministry in Greece 351 §6. The Ministry from Corinth to the Church at Rome. (Epistle to the Romans.) 351—372 57. Paul's Missionary Plans at Corinth 372 CONTENTS. xix Page §8. The Departure from Corinth Through Macedonia... 3 73 §9. The Sojourn at Troas 373 §10. The Departure for Miletus 374 §11. The Voyage from Miletus to Tyre 375 §12. The Departure from Tyre for Caesarea 375 §13. The Arrival at Jerusalem 376 CHAPTER VI. THE JEWISH PERSECUTION OF PAUL.. .377-412 I. THE SEIZURE OF PAUL 377 §1. The Arrival of Paul at Jerusalem 377 §2. The Riot in the City and Seizure of Paul 377 §3. The Interference of the Roman Authorities 378 §4. Paul's Speech from the Castle Steps 378 §5. Paul's Roman Citizenship 380 §6. Paul is Placed before the Sanhedrin 380 §7. The Vision of Paul in the Castle 381 II. THE TRANSFER OF PAUL TO C^SAREA 381-388 §1. The Apostle's Peril in Jerusalem 381 §2. The Transfer to Caesarea 382 §3. The Trial Before Governor Felix 383 §4. The Ministry of Paul to the Governor and His Wife 384 §5. Felix is Succeeded as Governor by Festus 384 §6. The Trial before Festus and the Appeal to Caesar . . . 385 §7. The Trial before King Herod Agrippa II 385 III. THE TRANSFER OF PAUL TO ROME 388-412 a. The Voyage to Rome 388-392 §1. The Departure from Caesarea 388 §2. The Shipwreck on Melita 389 §3. The Winter on MeHta 391 §4. The Arrival at Rome , . . 392 b. The First Roman Im,prisonm,ent 392—412 §1. Paul's Private Residence under Guard 392 §2. The Ministry to the Jews 392 §3. The Ministry to the Gentiles 393 §4. The Ministry from Rome to the Church at Ephesus. (Epistle to the Ephesians.) 394-400 §5. The Ministry from Rome to the Church at Colossae. (Epistle to the Colossians.) 400-405 §6. The Plea for Onesimus. (Epistle to Philemon.) 405-406 §7. The Mission of Tychicus to Asia 407 §8. The Ministry from Rome to the Church at Philippi. (Epistle to the Philippians.) 407-412 CHAPTER VII. THE FOURTH MISSIONARY JOURNEY. . .413-422 §1. The Probable Visit from Rome to Asia 413 §2. The Contemplated Journey into Macedonia 413 §3. The Plans for a Journey to Spain 413 §4. The Return to Asia 413 CONTENTS. Page §5. The Second Journey into Macedonia. (First Tim- othy.) 415-419 §6. The Visit to Troas 419 §7. The Visit to Miletus in Asia 419 §8. The Visit to Crete 420 §9. The Visit to Corinth. (Epistle to Titus.) 420-422 §10. The Winter at Nicopolis 422 B. THE CH URCH OPPOSED B Y THE WORLD 423-460 CHAPTER I. THE NERONIAN PERSECUTION 423-427 §1. The Burning of Rome 423 §2. The Arrest of Paul at Nicopolis and Transfer to Rome 423 §3. The Trial of Paul 423 §4. The Condemnation of Paul 423 §5. The Second Epistle to Timothy 424-427 §6. The Execution of Paul 427 CHAPTER 11. THE JUD^O-ROMAN WAR 428-446 §1. The Imprisonment of Timothy 428 §2. The Martyrdom of James 428 §3. The DecUne of Jewish Christianity. (Epistle to the Hebrews.) 428-444 §4. The Gospel of Mark 445 §5. The Fall of Jerusalem 445 §6. The Gospel of Matthew 446 CHAPTER m. THE PERSECUTION FOR THE NAME 447-460 §1. The Ministry of Peter. (First Peter.) 447-453 §2. The Ministry of Jude. (Epistle of Jude.) 453-455 §3. The Gospel of Luke 455 §4. The Arrest of Peter. (Second Peter.) 455-459 §5. The Martyrdom of Peter 459 §6. The Acts of the Apostles 459 §7. The Reign of Domitian 460 §8. The Exile of John 460 C. THE TRIUMPH OF THE CHURCH 461-496 CHAPTER I. THE MINISTRY OF JOHN. (Revelation of John.) 461-488 CHAPTER II. THE VICTORY OVER THE WORLD 489-496 §1. The First Epistle of John 489 §2. The Second Epistle of John 494 §3. The Third Epistle of John 495 §4. The Gospel of John 496 §5. The Death of John 496 An Index For Finding any Text in the New Testament. MATTHEW. Chap, and Chap, and Chap, and Verse Page Verse Page Verse Page I. 1-17 . .3 IX. I ■ 73 12 86 18-25.. • . .10 2-8 .. . .44 13-14 . . . 87 II. 1-23 . . . . •.13-15 9-13 •• 14-17 • .45 46 15-21 . . . 22-23 • • ■ .88,89 90 III. 1-6 •17, 18 18-19 . 73 24-27 . . . 90, 91 7-12.. . . ..18, 19 20-22 . 74 28-31 ... 91 ^3-^7 ■ ■ . .20 23-26 . ^I 3^-33 ■ ■ ■ 91 IV. i-ii . . . . . 20, 21 27-31 • 76 34-36 ■ . . 92 12 . .30 32-34 • 59 XV. 1-9 96 13-16 . . 17 • -34 ■ -33 35 36-38 • 77 80 10-14 . . . 15-20 . . . 96, 97 97 18-22 . . • -35 X. 1-16... 80 21-28 . . . 98, 99 23-25 . . • -41 17-23 • 176 29-31 . . . 99 24-42 . 80, 81 3^-3^ ■■■ 100 V. I 2-16.. .. i7-39a.. 39b-48 . ■ -54 ..54,55 .36-38 ..55 XL I 2-6 .. . 7-19 . . 20-24 . 81 ?^ 84 113 39 XVI. 1-4.... 4b-i2 . .. 13-20 . . . lOI lOI 102 103 VI. 1-8 .38 25-27 . 127 21-28 . . i( H, 105 9-15 . . . .■57, 58 28-30 . 127 XVII. i-i3.i( 36, 107 16-18 . . ..38 XII. 1-8 . . 50 14-20 . . . 108 19-34 •• 114, 115 9-14 . . 51 22-23 • • • 109 VII. 1-6 .. . • .55 15-21 . 52 24-27 . .. no 7-11 . . . .58 22-23 • 59 XVIII. 1-14. III 12 •55 24 59 15-35 • -I [2, 113 13-14 . . ..119 25-37 • 60 XIX. la . . . . 118 15-27 . . • -55, 56 38-45 ■ 61 ib-2 140 28-29 . . • 39 46-50 . 63 3-9 141 VIII. I . . . . • .59 XIII. 1-9 . ^ 10-12 ... 141 2-4 5-10 . . . 11-12 . . . .41, 42 . 42 . . 119 10-17 • 18-23 . 24-30 . 65 66 67 13-15 ••• 16-22 . . . 23-30... I. 142 143 t4, 145 13 • .42 3^-3^ ■ 67 XX. 1-16 145 14-15 . . . .40 33 68 17-19 149 16-17 . . . .40 34-53 • 68,69 20-28 . .11 50, 151 18..... ..70 54-58 . 78 29-34 . .11 )i, 152 19-22 . . ..36 XIV. 1-2. . 86 XXI. 1-6 156 23-27 .. . .70 3-5 ••• ^2 7-9 ^H 28-34 . . ■72 6-1 1 . . 86 10- 1 1 . . . . 158 (xxi) INDEX. Chap, and Verse 12-13 . (12-13) 14-17 18-19 20-22 23-27 28-32 33-46 XXII. 1-14 15-22 . ^3-33 ■ 34-40 . 41-46 . XXIII. 1-7 8-12 . . 13 ... . 15-36 . 37-39 • XXIV. 1-2 3-14 . • Page .26 . 160 •159 .161 161, 162 . . 162 163, 164 164, 165 166 167 168, 169 . 169 . 170 •185 .170 170, 171 •139 •175 175, 176 Chap, and Verse 15-28 . (15-28) 29-31 . 32-51 • XXV. 1-46 XXVI. 1-2 3-5 •• • 6-13 .. 14-16 . 17 20 -19 . 21 -25 • 26 ■30 • 31-35 • 36-46 . 47-56 . 57-66 . 67-68 . 69-75 ■ Page 177, 178 • 446 . .178 179, 180 181-183 ..183 •183 •154 . .184 . .184 ..185 ..187 . .189 189, 190 196, 197 . .198 . . 201 . .202 202, 203 Chap, and Verse XXVII. 1-2 3-10 . . II-I4 . i5-26a 26b-3o 26b. 31-32 33-34 35- • • 36-38 39-43 44 • ■ • 45-56 57-61 62-66 XXVIII. I 2-4 . . 5-8 .. 9-10 . 11-15 16-20 Page MARK II. Ill ip. and 1 ^erse Page 1-6 ..17 7-8 ... . ..18 9-13 ... . . 20 14-15 • • • -33 16-20 . . • -34, 35 21 ■36 22-28 . . 39 29-31 . . • -39, 40 32-34 • • . .40 3 5-39 ■ • ■ 40, 41 40-45 ■ ■ • -41 1-12 .... • -43, 44 13-17 • • •45 18-22 . . •46 23-28 . . . .50 . 1-6 ••51 7-12 . .. •53 i3-i9a . •53, 54 i9b-2o . •59 21 .62 Chap, and Verse V. VI, 23-30 31-35 IV. 1-9.. . 10-12 13-20 21-25 26-32 33-34 35-41 1-20 . . 21-24 25-34 35-43 i-6a. . 6b . . . 7-13 • 14-16 17-20 Page 59 60 63 64 •63 64 65 .66 •67 .68 .69, 70 •71 •73 ■74 •75 .78 •77 79 .86 .29 Chap, and Verse 21-28 29 . . . 30 . . . 31-34 3^-44 45-50 51-52 53-56 VII. I-I3 14-15 17-23 24-30 31-37 VIII. 13-21 22-26 27-30 31-38 INDEX. Chap, and Verse IX. X. XI. I . . . . 2-13 . 14-29. 30-22 33-50 I-I2 . . 13-22 23-31 32-34 35-45 46-52 1-6 . . 7-10. . II . . . 12-14 15-18 (15-18) 19. . . 20-24 25. .. 27-33 Page . .104 105, 106 107, 108 . . 109 IIO, III 140, 141 142, 143 144 149 156 158 26 158 160 57 161 Chap, and Verse XII. I-I2 13-17 18-27 28-34 35-37 38-40 41-44 XIII. 1-2 3-^3 14-23 (14-23) 24-27 28-37 XIV. 1-2. 3-9 • lO-I I 12-16 17... 18-21 22-26 27-31 32-42 Page 162, 163 ..165 166, 167 .168 .169 . 170 .172 174, 175 •175 .177 • 445 .178 .179 .183 •154 •183 .184 .185 .187 188, 189 .189 . 196 Chap, and Verse Page 43-52 198 53-64 . . 200, 201 65-72 .... 202 XV. I 204 2-5 205 6-15 ... 207, 208 I 5b- I 9 . . . 209 15b 210 20-2 1 .... 211 22-24a . . . 212 24b 213 25-27 212 29-32a . . . 213 32b-4i..2i4, 215 42-47. . . 216, 217 XVI. 1-4 219 5-8 220 9-1 1 221 12-13. . . 222, 223 14 224 15-18 . . . .226 19-20 229 Chap, and Verse Page I. 1-4 I, 455 (i) 445, 446 5-80 5-9 II. 1-38 10-12 39 15 40-52 10 III. 1-6 18 7-18. 19 19-20 30 21-22 20 23 33 23-38 3,4 IV. 1-13 21, 22 14-15 33 16-30 78, 79 31 34 (31) 36 32 39 33-37 39 38-39 40 LUKE. Chap, and Verse Page 40-41 40 42-44 41 V. i-ii 35 12-16 42 17-26 44, 45 27-32 45, 46 33-39 46, 47 VI. 1-5 50, 51 6-11 51, 52 12-16 54 17-19 53 20-38 56, 57 39 97 40 82 41-49 57 VII. 1 59 2-10 43 11-17 83 18-23 84 Chap, and Verse Page 24-35 84,85 36-50 76, 77 VIII. 1-3..... 77 4-8 64 9-10 65 11-15 66 16-18 66, 67 19-21 63 22-25 70 26-39 72, 73 40-42 73 43-48 74, 75 49-56 75, 76 IX. 1-5 81,82 6 83 7-11 87 12-17 89 i8-(2i).io4, 105 22-27 ^^5 28-36 107 INDEX. Chap, and Verse Page 37-43 109 43b-45 ... 109 46-50. . .Ill, 112 51 118 52-56 126 57-62 36 X. I 113 2-12 82 13-15.. .113, 114 16 82 17-24 127 25-42.. .127-129 XI. 1-13 58,59 14 59 15 60 16 62 17-23 . . . .61 24-26 62 27-28 62 29-32 62 2)2>-2>^ 62 37-38 95 39b-54. .171, 172 XII. I 102 2-9 82 10 61 11-12 177 13-21 114 22a 115 22b-4o.. 115, 116 41-50 181 5T-53 82 54-5 7 loi 58-59 38 XIII. 1-17 . .116, 117 18-21 68 22-30 119 2>^-i?> 119 34-35 140 Chap, and Verse Page XIV. 1-35 . .120, 121 XV. 1-32 . . . 121-123 XVI. I-I2 . . . . 123 13 115 14-16 124 17 38 18 141 19-3^ 124 XVII. 1-2 .. . .112 3-4 113 5-21 — 124, 125 22-32 180 33 83 (33) 180 34-37- • 180, 181 XVIII. 1-T4. .126 15-17 142 18-23 143 24-30 145 31-34 149 35-43 152 XIX. 1-28. .152-154 29-35.. .156, 157 35b-38 . . .157 39-40 158 41-44 158 45-46 26 (45-46). . .160 47-48 160 XX. 1-8 162 9-19 164 20-26 166 27-40. . . 167, 168 41-44 169 45-47 171 XXI. 1-4 172 5-6 175 7-19. ... 176, 177 20-24 178 Chap, and Verse Page (20-24). • -446 25-28 178 29-36 180 37-38 160 XXII. 1-6.... 184 7-13 185 14-18 185 19-20 189 21-23 187 24-30. . ..185,186 31-34 190 35-38 190 39-46 197 47-53 199 54 202 55-62 203 63-65 202 66-71 204 XXIII. I 204 2 205 3 206 4-7 206, 207 8-16 207 18-25 . . 208, 209 25b 210 26-32 211 33-34 212 34b-3 5 . . .213 36-38 212 39-43 214 44-49- • -215, 216 50-56 217 56b 218 XXIV. 1-3 ...219 4-1 1 220 12 222 13-35-- -223, 224 33-34 222 36-49.. .224, 225 50-53 229 Chap, and Verse Page I. I-18 I, 2 (6-8) 18 19-51 22-24 JOHN Chaj). and Verse II. I-13 . J4-25 III. 1-36. Page 24-26 27 27-29 Chap, and Verse IV. V. Page 1-44 30-32 45-54 33,34 ■47 47-49 INDEX. Chap, and Verse Page VI. 1-3 88 4-14 89,90 IS 90 16-20 91 21 91 22-71 92-95 VII. I 95 2-9 118 10 118 11-53. ..129-131 VIII. 1-59 . .131-135 IX. 1-41 — 135-137 X. 1-39 137-139 40-42 . . . 140 XL 1-54 • .146-149 55-57 •■•154 Chap, and Verse XII. i-ii 12-13 14-16 17-19 20-50 XIII. 1-20 21-35 36-38 XIV. 1-31 XV. 1-27 XVI. 1-33 XVII. 1-26. XVIII. I . . 2-24. . . 25-27 . . 28-32.. 33-38. . Page 155 158 157 158 173,174 186,187 188 190 191,192 192,193 193-195 195, 196 197 199, 200 203 205 206 Chap, and Verse ^OL^ . . . 39-40 . XIX. I-I2.. 13-16. . 17-22.. 23-24. 25-27 . 28-37.. 38-42 . . XX. 1-2... 3-10. .. II-I8. . 19-29. . 3<^-3'^- ■ XXI. 1-24. 25 (18, 19) Page . 207 . .209 . . 209, 210 . 210, 211 . 212 ..213 . .214 . .216 ..217 . 219, 220 . 222 . 221 .225 .229, 230 . .226-228 . 230 459 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. Chap, and Verse Page I. 1-26 233-236 (1-5) 459,460 (6-1 1). . . .229 II. 1-47 237-239 III. 1-26. . . .240,241 IV. 1-37 241-244 V. 1-42 244-248 VI. 1-15..- -249, 250 VII. 1-60 . . . 250-253 VIII. 1-40.. .253-257 IX. i-i9a. . .258-259 i9b-43 . . 260-262 X. 1-48 263-265 XI. 1-26. . . .265-267 27-30 . . . 268 Chap, and Verse XII. 1-24.. 25 XIII. i-i4a i4b-52 . XIV. 1-28 . XV. 1-41 . . XVI. 1-40.. XVII. 1-34. XVIII. 1-3. 4-17 — i8-23a. . 23b-28. . XIX. 1-20. . 21-22 . . . 23-24. . . Page . 270-272 .279 279, 280 .281-283 .283-285 . 286-289 . 289-292 .292-295 •295 .300,301 303,304 .312 312-314 314 335,336 Chap, and Verse XX. I 2b- (3)' v. 3-38 XXI. 1-40.. . XXII. 1-30.. (6-16)... (17-21).. XXIII. 1-35. XXIV. 1-27. XXV. 1-27.. XXVI. 1-32. (12-18).. XXVII. 1-44 XXVIII. 1-3 1 Page 336 337 351 373-375 375-379 379, 380 259 268 381-383 383,384 385,386 386-388 260 388-391 391-393 Chap, and Verse Page Romans. Complete 35^-372 (15:22-29) 372,373 (15: 23-24, 28) 413 Chap, and Verse Page First Corinthians. Complete 3^5-334 (4: 17) .....314 (5: 9) 314 XXVI INDEX. Chap, and Verse (12: 2-4) (16: 10). Page 268 Second Corinthians. Complete 337-350 (i: 8-11) 335 (2: 12, 13) 336 (7: 5-7 337 (8: 6) 334 (12: 2-4) 268 (12: 18) 334 Galatians. Complete 304-311 (i: 15-17) 260 (2 : i-io) 269 (2: 11-14) 304 (4: 13-15) 281 Ephesians. Complete 394-400 Philippians. Complete 407-412 (2: 24).. 413 Colossians. Complete 400-405 (4: 7-9) 407 First Thessalonians. Complete 295-300 (3: 1-2) 295 Second Thessalonians. Complete 301-303 First Timothy. Complete 414-419 (i: 3. 4) 413 (1:5) 420 Second Timothy. Complete 424-427 (2:9) 423 Chap, and Verse Page (4: 6) 423 (4: 13) 419 (4: 16, 17) 423 (4: 20) 419 Titus. Complete . . (1:5).. (3: 12), 420-422 .420 ,422 Philemon. Complete 405, 406 (i: 22) 413 Hebrews. Complete 428-444 (13: 23) 428 James. Complete 273-278 First Peter. Complete ^. . .447-455 Second Peter. Complete 455-459 (i: 14) 459 First John. Complete 489-494 Second John. Complete 494, 495 Third John. Complete 495, 496 Jude. Complete 453-455 Revelation. Complete 461-488 (1:9) 460 THE FIRST DIVISION. THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST B.C. 5-A.D. 30. PART ONE. THE PRIVATE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST B.C. 5-A.D. 26. From the Opening of the Gospels, B. C. 5, to the Coming of John the Baptist, Summer, A. D. 26. CHAPTER I. THE INTRODUCTION TO THE GOSPELS. §1. THE PREFACE OF LUKE. Luke Addresses to his Friend Theophilus the Gospel he Wrote about A.D. 80. LUKE I : I Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to draw up a narrative concerning those matters which have been fulfilled among us, 2 even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word, 3 it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus; 4 that thou mightest know the certainty concerning the things wherein thou wast instructed. §2. THE PROLOGUE OF JOHN. John the Apostle Introduces his Gospel, written probably at Ephesus A. D. c. 100, with a Discourse upon Jesus as the Word. JOHN I : I In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 The same was in the beginning with God. 3 All things were made by him; and without him was not any- thing made that hath been made. 4 In him was life ; and the life was the light of men. 5 And the Hght shineth in the darkness; and the darkness apprehended it not. 6 There came a man, sent from God, whose name was John. 7 The same came for witness, that he might bear witness of the light, that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the light, but came that he might bear witness of the light. (I) THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 9 There was the true hght, even the light which Hghteth every man, coming into the world. lo He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not. 1 1 He came unto his own, and they that were his own received him not. 12 But as many as received him, to them gave he the right to become children of God, even to them that believe on his name: 13 which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. 14 And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us (and we beheld his glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father), full of grace and truth. 15 John beareth witness of him, and crieth, saying: This was he of whom I said, "He that cometh after me is become before me:" for he was before m^e. 16 For of his fulness we all received, and grace for grace. 17 For the law was given by Moses; grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. 18 No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him. In the Life of Christ the canonical Gospels are employed as sources from which materials are drawn. The distinctive unity, connection and continuity of each gospel is necessarily broken, though the integrity of the text is in no way affected. But for the repetition involving the addition of 150 pages to this work, the complete text of each Gospel, properly edited, should be placed in the outline of the Church of the Apostles (pp. 455, 456, 465, 505) where it was written, after the manner of the Epistles. For studies of these biographies, with introductions, analytical outlines and notes, the reader is referred to the author's Literary New Testament. CHAPTER 11. THE GENEALOGIES OF JESUS CHRIST. §1. THE HEBREW LINEAGE OF JESUS. The Author of Matthew Introduces his Gospel, Written probably in Palestine, A. D. c. 70+ , by Tracing the Hebrew Descent of Jesus from Abraham. MATTHEW I : i The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. 2 Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judah and his brethren ; 3 and Judah begat Perez and Zerah of Tamar ; and Perez begat Hezron; and Hezron begat Ram; 4 and Ram begat Amminadab ; and Amminadab begat Nahshon ; and Nahshon begat Sal- mon; 5 and Salmon begat Boaz of Rahab; and Boaz begat Obed of Ruth ; and Obed begat Jesse ; 6 and Jesse begat David the king. And David begat Solomon of her ihai had been the wife of Uriah ; 7 and Solomon begat Rehoboam; and Rehoboam begat Abijah; and Abijah begat Asa; 8 and Asa begat Jehoshaphat; and Jehoshaphat begat Joram ; and Joram begat Uzziah ; 9 and Uzziah begat Jotham ; and Jotham begat Ahaz; and Ahaz begat Hezekiah; 10 and Hezekiah begat Manasseh ; and Manasseh begat Amon ; and Amon begat Josiah ; II and Josiah begat Jechoniah and his brethren, at the time of the carrying away to Babylon. 12 And after the carrying away to Babylon, Jechoniah begat Shealtiel; and Shealtiel begat Zerubbabel; 13 and Zerubbabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat Azor; 14 and Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud; 1 5 and Eliud begat Eleazar ; and Eleazar begat Matthan ; and Matthan begat Jacob; 16 and Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ. 17 So all the generations from Abraham unto David are fourteen generations; and from David unto the carrying away to Babylon fourteen generations ; and from the carrying away to Babylon unto the Christ fourteen generations. §2. THE NATURAL ANCESTRY OF JESUS. Luke Traces the Natural Ancestry of Jesus back to God. LUKE 3:23 And Jesus himself, when he began to teach, was about thirty years of age, being the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli, 24 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, 2 5 the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, (3) THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai, 26 the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, 27 the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubba- bel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, 28 the 5on of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the 5on of Elmadam, the son of Er, 29 the 5on of Jesus, the son of Ehezer, the son of Joram, the son of Matthat, the 50» of Levi, 30 the son of Symeon, the son of Judas, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of EHakim, 3 1 the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the 5ow of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, 32 the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the 5ow of Sahnon, the son of Nahshon, 33 the son of Amminadab, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son. of Perez, the 5on of Judah, 34 the 5on of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 35 the son of Serug, the 50w of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, 36 the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the sow of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, 3 7 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan, 38 the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God. CHAPTER III. THE ANNUNCIATIONS B.C. 6-5. §1. THE ANNUNCIATION TO ZACHARIAS: JERUSALEM, OCTOBER, B. C. 6. The Birth of John the Baptist, the Forerunner of Jesus Christ, is Promised. LUKE 1 : 5 There was in the days of Herod, King of Judsea, a cer- tain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abijah: and he had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth. 6 And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the command- ments and ordinances of the Lord blameless. 7 And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years. 8 Now it came to pass, while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his course, 9 according to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense. 10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the hour of incense. 1 1 And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense. 12 And Zacharias was troubled when he saw hitn, and fear fell upon him. 13 But the angel said unto him: Fear not, Zacharias : because thy supplication is heard, and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John. 14 And thou shalt have joy and glad- ness; and many shall rejoice at his birth. 15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and he shall drink no wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb. 16 And many of the children of Israel shall he turn unto the Lord their God. 17 And he shall go before his face in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to walk in the wisdom of the just; to make ready for the Lord a people prepared for him. 18 And Zacharias said unto the angel: Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years. 19 And the angel answering said unto him: I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and I was sent to speak unto thee, and to bring thee these good tidings. 20 And behold, thou shalt be silent and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall come to pass, because thou believedst not my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season. 2 1 And the people were waiting for Zacharias, and they marvelled while he tarried in the temple. 22 And when he came out, he could (5) THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. not speak unto them: and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple: and he continued making signs unto them, and remained dumb. 23 And it came to pass, when the days of his ministration were fulfilled, he departed unto his house. 24 And after these days Elisabeth his wife conceived; and she hid herself five months, saying: 25 Thus hath the Lord done unto me in the days wherein he looked upon me, to take away my reproach among men. §2. THE ANNUNCIATION TO MARY: NAZARETH, MARCH, B. C. 5. The Angel Gabriel Appears unto Mary at Nazareth and Announces that She shall be the Mother of Jesus. LUKE i: 26 Now in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, 27 to a virgin be- trothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David ; and the virgin's name was Mary. 28 And he came in unto her, and said: Hail, thou art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee. 29 But she was greatly troubled at the saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this might be. 30 And the angel said unto her: Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. 3 1 And behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus. 32 He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Most High : and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: 2^ and he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end. 34 And Mary said unto the angel: How shall this be, seeing I know not a man? 35 And the angel answered and said unto her: The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee: wherefore also that which is to be born shall be called holy, the Son of God. 36 And behold, Elisabeth thy kinswoman, she also hath con- ceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her that was called barren. 37 For no word from God shall be void of power. 38 And Mary said: Behold, the handmaid of the Lord: be it unto me accord- ing to thy word. And the angel departed from her. §3. THE VISIT OF MARY TO ELISABETH: JUD^A, SPRING, B.C. 5. a. Mary Goes into Judaea to Visit EUsabeth. LUKE 1:39 And Mary arose in these days and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah; 40 and entered into the house of Zacharias and saluted Elisabeth. 41 And it came to pass, when THE ANNUNCIATIONS. Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb ; and Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost; 42 and she lifted up her voice with a loud cry, and said: Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. 43 And whence is this to me, that the m.other of my Lord should come unto me? 44 For behold, when the voice of thy salutation came into mine ears, the babe leaped in my womb for joy. 45 And blessed is she that believed ; for there shall be a fulfilment of the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord. b. The Response of Mary: The "Magnificat." 46 And Mary said: mis soul botb magntf:? tbe Xorb, 47 Hnb ms spirit batb rejoicel) in 6ob ms Saviour, 48 3f or be batb loofteb upon tbe low estate of bis banbs maiben: jfor bebolb, from bencefortb all generations sball call me blesse&« 49 3For be tbat is migbts batb bone to me great tbings ; Bnb bols is bis name. 50 Bnb bis meres is unto generations anb generations ®n tbem tbat fear bim, 51 Me batb sbeweb strengtb witb bis arm ; Ibe batb scattereb tbe proub in tbe imagination of tbeir beart. 52 Me batb put bown princes from tUeir tbrones, Hnb batb eialtcb tbem of low begree. 53 Ube bungrs be batb fllleb witb goob tbings ; Hnb tbe ricb be batb sent empts awag, 54 Ibe batb bolpen Hsrael bis servant, Ubat be migbt remember mercg 55 (Hs be spafee unto our fatbers) Uowarb Hbrabam anb bis seeb forever. 56 And Mary abode with her about three months, and returned unto her house. CHAPTER IV. THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST: JUDiEA, JUNE, B. C. 5. THE PRIVATE LIFE OF JOHN: JUDiEA, B. C. 5— A. D. 26. a. The Birth of John, his Circumcision and Name. LUKE 1:57 Now Elisabeth's time was fulfilled, that she should be delivered; and she brought forth a son. 58 And her neighbours and her kinsfolk heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy towards her ; and they rejoiced with her. 59 And it came to pass on the eighth day. that they came to circumcise the child; and they would have called him Zacharias, after the name of his father. 60 And his mother answered and said: Not so; but he shall be called John. 61 And they said unto her: There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name. 62 And they made signs to his father, what he would have him called. 63 And he asked for a writing tablet, and wrote, saying: His name is John. And they marvelled all. 64 And his mouth was opened imme- diately, and his tongue loosed, and he spake, blessing God. 65 And fear came on all that dwelt round about them : and all these sayings were noised abroad throughout all the hill country of Judaea. 66 And all that heard them laid them up in their heart, saying: What then shall this child be? For the hand of the Lord was with him. b. The "Benedictus" of Zacharias. 67 And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying: 68 36Ies8c^ f>f tbe Xor^, tbe (So^ of Hsrael; jfov be batb vis(te& anb wrougbt ret»emptton for bis people, 69 Hnt) batb raisc& up a born of salvation for us Tin tbe bouse of bis servant 2)avi& 70 (Bs be spahe bv. tbe moutb of bis bol^e propbets wbicb bave been since tbe worlb beqan), 71 Salvation from our enemies, an^ from tbe banti of all tbat bate us; 72 'Co sbew mercie towar^s our fatbcrs, Bn5 to remember bis bol>e covenant; 73 "Cbc oatb wbicb be sware unto Bbrabam our fatber, 74 Uo (irant unto us tbat we beinc] ^cllvere^ out of tbe ban^ of our enemies Sboul^ serve bim witbout fear, 75 Hn boliness anfc ricibteousness before bim all our ^a:e8. (8) I THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST. 76 Kea an^ tbou, cbiI^, sbalt be called tbe propbet of tbe nnost Migb: jfor tbou sbalt go before tbe face of tbe l,or^ to mafte reab^ bis wa^s; 77 Uo give ftnowlebge of salvation unto bis people In tbe remission of tbeir sins, 78 JSecause of tbe tenber meres of our ©ofe, TUttberebs tbe baiespring from on bigb sball visit us, 79 Uo sbine upon tbem tbat sit in bareness anb tbe sbabow of &eatb; Uo guibe our feet into tbe wais of peace, c. The Childhood and Early Life of John. 8o And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, and was in the deserts till the day of his shewing unto Israel. Luke 1 : 8o — John the Baptist is believed to have been bom and to have spent the years of his private Ufe in southern Palestine, in the neighborhood of the Dead Sea. Josephus, who wrote before the close of the first century, says of him: "Now some of the Jews thought that the destruction of Herod's army came from God, and that very justly, as a punishment for what he did against John, who was called the Baptist. For Herod had had him put to death, though he was a goood man, and commanded the Jews to exercise virtue, both as to justice towards one another, and piety towards God, and so to come to baptism; for baptism would be acceptable to God, if they made use of it not in order to expiate some sin, but for the purification of the body, provided that the soul was thoroughly purified beforehand by righteousness. Now, as many flocked to him, for they were greatly moved by hearing his words. Herod, fearing that the great influence John had over the people might lead to some rebellion (for the people seemed likely to do anything he should advise), thought it far best, by putting him to death, to prevent any mischief he might cause, and not bring himself into difficulties by sparing a man who might make him repent of his leniency when it should be too late. Accord- ingly he was sent a prisoner, in consequence of Herod's suspicious temper, to Machaerus, the fortress before mentioned, and was there put to death. So the Jews had the opinion that the destruction of this army (by Aretus) was sent as a punishment upon Herod and was the mark of God's displeasure at him." (Antiquities, xviii, 5, 2.) CHAPTER V. THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST: BETHLEHEM, DECEMBER 25, B, C. 5. §1. THE RELATION OF MARY AND JOSEPH: NAZARETH, B. C. 5. An Angel Appears to Joseph at Nazareth and Advises him concerning the Betrothal ol Mary. MATTHEW 1:18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found with child of the Holy Ghost. 19 And Joseph her husband, being a righteous man, and not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily. 20 But when he thought on these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying: Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. 21 And she shall bring forth a son; and thou shalt call his name JESUS; for it is he that shall save his people from their sins. 22 Now all this is come to pass, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying : 2J Behold, the virgin shall he with child, and shall bring forth a son. And they shall call his name IMMANUEL; (Is. 7 : 14) which is, being interpreted, God with us. 24 And Joseph arose from his sleep, and did as the angel of the Lord commanded him, and took unto him his wife; 25 and knew her not till she had brought forth a son: and he called his name Jesus. §2. THE BIRTH OF JESUS: BETHLEHEM, DECEMBER 25, B. C. 5. While Joseph and Mary are at Bethlehem, their Ancestral City, for the Roman Enrolment Ordered by the Emperor Augustus, Jesus is Bom. LUKE 2 : I Now it came to pass in those days, there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be enrolled. 2 This was the first enrolment made when Quirinius was governor of Syria. 3 And all went to enrol themselves, every one to his own city. 4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David ; 5 to enrol himself with Mary, who was betrothed to him, being great with child. 6 And it came to pass, while they were there, the days were fulfilled that she should be (10) THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST. delivered. 7 And she brought forth her firstborn son; and she wrapped him in swaddHng clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. §3. THE PROCLAMATION TO THE SHEPHERDS. a. The Birth of Jesus is Announced by an Angel to Shepherds in the Field near Bethlehem. LUKE 2 : 8 And there were shepherds in the same country abiding in the field, and keeping watch by night over their flock. 9 And an angel of the Lord stood by them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. 10 And the angel said unto them : Be not afraid: for behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all the people : 1 1 for there is bom to you this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. 12 And this is the sign unto you; Ye shall find a babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, and lying in a manger. b. A Heavenly Host Joins the Angel: The "Gloria in Excelsis." 13 And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying: 14 ©lors to (5o^ in tbe bigbest, Bnt» on eartb peace among men in wbom Ibe ts well pleaseb. c. The Shepherds Visit Bethlehem and Find Joseph and Mary with the Child Jesus. 1 5 And it came to pass, when the angels went away from them into . heaven, the shepherds said one to another : Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing that is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us. 16 And they came with haste, and found both Mary and Joseph, and the babe lying in the manger. 1 7 And when they saw it, they made known concerning the saying which was spoken to them about this child. 18 And all that heard it wondered at the things which were spoken unto them by the shepherds. 19 But Mary kept all these sayings, pondering them in her heart. 20 And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, even as it was spoken unto them. §4. THE CIRCUMCISION OF JESUS: BETHLEHEM, JANUARY 2, B. C. 4. Jesus is Circumcised according to the Law and Named as Commanded by the Angel at Nazareth. LUKE 2: 21 And when eight days were fulfilled for circumcising him, his name was called Jesus, which was so called by the angel before he was conceived in the womb. 12 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. §5. THE PRESENTATION IN THE TEMPLE : JERUSALEM, FEBRUARY 2, B. C. 4. a. Joseph and Mary Take the Child Jesus to Jersusalem for Presentation to the Lord. LUKE 2:22 And when the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were fulfilled, they brought him up to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord 23 (as it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord), (Ex. 13: 2) and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord; A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons. (Lev. 12: 8.) b. The Prophecy of Simeon: The "Nunc Dimittis." 25 And behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and this man was righteous and devout, looking for the con- solation of Israel: and the Holy Spirit was upon him. 26 And it had been revealed unto him by the Holy Spirit, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord's Christ. 27 And he came in the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought 'in the child Jesus, that they might do concerning him after the custom of the law, 28 then he received him into his arms, and blessed God, and said: 29 Hlow lettest tbou XM servant bepart, © Xorb, Hccorbing to tb? vvorb, in peace ; 30 jfor mine e?es bave seen tb>? salvation, 31 Timbicb tbou bast prepareb betore tbe face of all peoples; 32 B ligbt for revelation to tbe ©entiles, Hnb tbe glor? of tbig people Israel. 33 And his father and his mother were marvelling at the things which were spoken concerning him; 34 and Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother : Behold, this child is set for the falling and rising up of many in Israel; and for a sign which is spoken against; 35 yea and a sword shall pierce through thine own soul; that thoughts out of many hearts may be revealed. c. Anna the Prophetess Praises God and Tells the People of Jesus the Messiah. 36 And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher (she was of a great age, having lived with a husband seven years from her virginity, 37 and she had been a widow even for fourscore and four years), which departed not from the temple, worshipping with fastings and supplications night and day. 38 And coming up at that very hour she gave thanks unto God, and spake of him to all them that were looking for the redemption of Jerusalem. THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST. 13 §6. THE VISIT OF THE WISE MEN: BETHLEHEM, FEBRUARY, B.C. 4. a. Matthew Relates the Visit of Gentile Magi from the East with Gifts for the New-born King. MATTHEW 2 : i Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, 2 saying: Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we saw his star in the east, and are come to worship him, b» King Herod the Great in the midst of Excitement in Jerusalem is Informed by the Scribes and Sends the Men to Bethlehem with Instructions to Return to him. 3 And when Herod the king heard it, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. 4 And gathering together all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ should be born. 5 And they said unto him : In Bethlehem, of Judaea: for thus it is written by the prophet : 6 And thou Bethlehem, land of Judah, Art in no wise least among the princes of Judah: For out of thee shall come forth a governor, Which shall he shepherd of my people Israel. (Micah 5: 2.) 7 Then Herod privily called the wise men, and learned of them carefully what time the star appeared. 8 And he sent them to Bethle- hem, and said: Go and search out carefully concerning the young child ; and when ye have found him,, bring me word, that I also may come and worship him. c. The Wise Men Find Jesus at Bethlehem, Worship Him and Return to the East. 9 And they, having heard the king, went their way; and lo, the star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was. 10 And when they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. 1 1 And they came into the house and saw the young child with Mary his mother; and they fell down and worshipped him; and opening their treasures they offered unto him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. 12 And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way. Luke 2: 7 — " It was then on that wintry night of the 2Sth of December, that shepherds watched the flocks * * in the very place consecrated by tradition as that where the Messiah was to be first revealed." (Edersheixn.) CHAPTER VI. THE PERSECUTION OF HEROD THE GREAT: JUDiEA, B.C. 4. §1. THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT: FEBRUARY, B. C. 4. Joseph is Warned of Herod's Plot and Commanded to Take the Child into Egypt. MATTHEW 2: 13 Now when they were departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying: Arise and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I tell thee: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him. 14 And he arose and took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt ; 1 5 and was there until the death of Herod : that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying: Out of Egypt did I call my son. (Hos. 11: i. ) §2. THE MASSACRE AT BETHLEHEM. Upon the Failure of the Wise Men to Report to him at Jerusalem, King Herod Orders the Slaughter of the Male Children of Bethlehem. MATTHEW 2: 16 Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the male children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the borders thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had carefully learned of the wise men. 17 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet, saying: 18 A voice was heard in Ramah, Weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children; And she would not he comforted, because they are not. (Jer. 31: 13.) §3. THE RETURN OF THE HOLY FAMILY: MAY, B. C. 4. a. Upon the Death of King Herod Joseph is Commanded to Return from Egypt into the Land of Israel. MATTHEW 2: 19 But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, 20 saying: Arise and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they are dead that sought the young child's life. 21 And he arose and took the young child and his mother, and came into the land of Israel. Matthew 2: n) — Herod Ihc Great was born B. C. c. 72 and reigned B. C. 37-4. (14) THE PERSECUTION OF HEROD THE GREAT. 15 b. The Return of the Holy Family to Nazareth. 22 But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither; and being warned of God in a dream, he withdrew into the parts of GaHlee, 23 and came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, that he should be called a Nazarene. LUKE 2:39 And when they had accomplished all things that were according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth. Matt. 2: 22 and Luke 2: 39 — The chronology and hamiony of the Gospels herein employed are based upon the now generally accepted theory of the Oral Tra dition as the origin of the Gospels. The student is referred to Chapter IV, Sources of the History of Jesus Christ, pp. 126-155, in Jesus Christ: His Times, Life and Work, by Pressense ; the chapter on The Rise of Historical Narratives in The Apostolic Age, by the Rev. George T. Purves, D.D. ; those on the Sources of our Knowledge of Jesus and The Harmony of the Gospels in The Life of Jesus of Nazareth, by Pres. Rhees; the Introductions to Matthew of the Westminster New Testament and The Days of His Flesh by Dr. David Smith ; The Life of Christ in Recent Research and Outlines of the Life of Christ, by Dr. Sanday ; Hastings' Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, and the general Literature of the svibject of the last few years. For the harmony of the Gospels herein largely employed see the Introduction to Smith's Matthew, above mentioned. CHAPTER VII. THE LIFE OF JESUS AT NAZARETH: B. C. 4-A. D. 26. §1. THE PERIOD OF CHILDHOOD: B. C. 4-A. D. 8. Jesus is Raised and Educated as a Jewish Child in Joseph's Home at Nazareth. LUKE 2 : 40 And the child grew, and waxed strong, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. §2. THE PASSOVER VISIT TO JERUSALEM: APRIL 8, A. D. 8. In his Twelfth year Jesus Attends the Passover Feast at Jerusalem and Converses with the Rabbis in the Temple. LUKE 2:41 And his parents went every year to Jerusalem at the feast of the passover. 42 And when he was twelve years old, they went up after the custom of the feast; 43 and when they had fulfilled the days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus tarried behind in Jeru- salem; and his parents knew it not; 44 but supposing him to be in the company, they went a day's journey ; and they sought for him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance: 45 and when they found him not, they returned to Jerusalem, seeking for him. 46 And it came to pass, after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions: 47 and all that heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers. 48 And when they saw him, they were astonished: and his mother said unto him: Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I sought thee sorrowing. 49 And he said unto them: How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be in my Father's house? 50 And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them. §3. THE YOUNG MANHOOD OF JESUS: A. D. 8-26. Jesus Returns to Nazareth and there Resides until his Maturity, working as a Carpenter with Joseph. LUKE 2:51 And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth; and he was subject unto them: and his mother kept all these sayings in her heart. 52 And Jesus advanced in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and men. (16) PART TWO. THE PUBLIC MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST: A. D. 26-30. From the Coming of John the Baptist, Summer, A. D. 26, to the Ascension of Jesus from Mount Olivet, Thursday, May 18, A. D. 30. CHAPTER I. THE OPENING EVENTS OF THE MINISTRY: A. D. 26-27. From the Coming of John the Baptist, Summer, A. D. 26, to the Public Appear- ance of Jesus at Jerusalem, April 11, A. D. 27. JESUS AND JOHN THE BAPTIST. §1. THE COMING OF JOHN THE BAPTIST: SUMMER, A. D. 26. a. John Appears in the Wilderness of Judaea, Preaching the Baptism of Repentance and the Coming of the Son of God with the Baptism of the Holy Spirit. MARK I : I The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. 2 Even as it is written in Isaiah the prophet: Behold, I send my messenger before thy face. Who shall prepare thy way; (Mai. 3:1) 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness. Make ye ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight. (Is. 40:3.) 4 John came, who baptized in the wilderness and preached the baptism of repentance unto remission of sins. 5 And there went out unto him all the country of Judaea, and all they of Jersualem; and they were baptized of him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins. 6 And John was clothed with camel's hair, and had a leathern girdle about his loins, and did eat locusts and wild honey. MATTHEW 3 : i And in those days cometh John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, 2 saying: Repent ye ; for the kingdom, of heaven is at hand. 3 For this is he that was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying : The voice of one crying in the wilderness. Make ye repdy the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight. (Is. 40:3.) (17) i8 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 4 Now John himself had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his food was locusts and wild honey. 5 Then went out unto him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about Jordan; 6 and they were baptized of him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins. LUKE 3 : i Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene, 2 in the high- priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness. 3 And he came into all the region round about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance unto remission of sins; 4 as it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet: The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ye ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight. 5 Every valley shall he filled, And every mountain and hill shall be brought low; And the crooked shall become straight, And the rough ways smooth; 6 And all flesh shall see the salvation of God. (Is. 40: 3-5.) JOHN 1 : 6 [There came a man, sent from God, whose name was John. 7 The same came for witness, that he might bear witness of the light, that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the light, but came that he might bear witness of the light.] b. John Rejects Many who come to his Baptism, Commanding them to give Evidence of Repentance. MARK i: 7 And he preached, saying: There cometh after me he that is mightier than I, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose. 8 I baptize you with water; but he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost. MATTHEW 3: 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said unto them: Ye offspring of vipers, who warned you to flee from the wrath to come? 8 Bring forth therefore fruit worthy of re- pentance: 9 and think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God THE OPENING EVENTS OF THE MINISTRY. 19 is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. • 10 And even now is the axe laid unto the root of the trees: every tree therefore that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. 1 1 I indeed baptize you with water iinto repentance : but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire : 1 2 whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly cleanse his thresh- ing-floor; and he will gather his wheat into the gamer, but the chaff he will bum up with unquenchable fire. LUKE 3 : 7 He said therefore to the multitudes that went out to be baptized of him: Ye offspring of vipers, who warned you to flee from the wrath to come? 8 Bring forth therefore fruits worthy of repentance, and begin not to say within yourselves. We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. 9 And even now is the axe also laid unto the root of the trees: every tree therefore that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. 10 And the multitudes asked him, saying: What then must we do? 11 And he answered and said unto them: He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none ; and he that hath food, let him do likewise. 12 And there came also publicans to be baptized, and they said unto him: Master, what must we do? 13 And he said unto them: Extort no more than that which is appointed you. 14 And soldiers also asked him, saying: And we, what must we do? And he said unto them: Do violence to no man, neither exact anything wrong- fully; and be content with your wages. 15 And as the people were in expectation, and all men reasoned in their hearts concerning John, whether haply he were the Christ; 16 John answered, saying unto them all: I indeed baptize you with water; but there cometh he that is mightier than I, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire: 17 whose fan is in his hand, throughly to cleanse his threshing-floor, and to gather the wheat into his gamer; but the chaff he will bum up with tmquenchable fire. 18 With many other exhortations therefore preached he good tidings unto the people. 20 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. §2. THE BAPTISM OF JESUS: BETHANY, JANUARY 6, A. D. 27. Jesus Goes to the Jordan and is Baptized by John. MARK 1 : 9 And it came to pass in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized of John in the Jordan. 10 And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens rent asunder, and the Spirit as a dove descending upon him ; 1 1 and a voice came out of the heavens: Thou art my beloved Son, in thee I am well pleased. MATTHEW 3: 13 Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to the Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him. 14 But John would have hindered him, saying: I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me? 15 But Jesus answering said unto him: Suffer it now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffereth him. 16 And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway from the water: and lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and coming upon him; 17 and lo, a voice out of the heavens, saying: This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. LUKE 3:21 Now it came to pass, when all the people were bap- tized, that, Jesus also having been baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, 22 and the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily form, as a dove, upon him, and a voice came out of heaven : Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased. §3. THE TEMPTATION OF JESUS: NEAR JERICHO, JANUARY- FEBRUARY, A. D. 27. Jesus Spends Forty Days Fasting in the Wilderness and is Tempted of the Devil. MARK i: 12 And straightway the Spirit driveth him forth into the wilderness. 13 And he was in the wilderness forty days tempted of Satan ; and he was with the wild beasts ; and the angels ministered unto him. MATTHEW 4: I Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil. 2 And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, he afterward hungered. 3 And the tempter came and said unto him : If thou art the Son of God, command that these stones become bread. Mark i : 9 — The date of the baptism of Jesus is preserved by the Greek Church. THE OPENING EVENTS OF THE MINISTRY. 4 But he answered and said: It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. (Dt. 8:3). 5 Then the devil taketh him into the holy city; and he set him on the pinnacle of the temple, 6 and saith unto him : If thou art the Son of God, cast thyself down : for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: And on their hands they shall bear thee up, Lest haply thou dash thy foot against a stone. (Ps. 91:11,12.) 7 Jesus said unto him: Again it is written, Thou shall not tempt the Lord thy Q06.. (Dt. 6: 16.) 8 Again, the devil taketh him unto an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them; 9 and he said unto him : All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me. 10 Then saith Jesus unto him: Get thee hence, Satan; for it is written, Thou shah worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. (Dt. 6: 13.) 11 Then the devil leaveth him; and behold, angels came and ministered unto him. LUKE 4: I And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan, and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness, 2 during forty days, being tempted of the devil. And he did eat nothing in those days: and when they were completed, he hungered. 3 And the devil said unto him: If thou art the Son of God, coramand this stone that it become bread. 4 And Jesus answered unto him: It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone. (Dt. 8:3.) 5 And he led him up, and shewed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. 6 And the devil said unto him: To thee will I give all this authority, and the glory of them : for it hath been delivered unto me ; and to whomso- ever I will I give it. 7 If thou therefore wilt worship before me, it shall all be thine. 8 And Jesus answered and said unto him: It is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him. only shalt thou serve. (Dt. 6: 13,) 22 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 9 And he led him to Jerusalem, and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said unto him: If thou art the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence: lo for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee, to guard thee: (Ps. 91 : 11) 1 1 and, On their hands they shall hear thee up, Lest haply thou dash thy foot against a stone. (Ps. 91: 12.) 1 2 And Jesus answering said unto him : It is said, Thou shah not tempt the Lord thy God. (Dt. 6:16.) 13 And when the devil had completed every temptation, he de- parted from him for a season. §4. THE SANHEDRIN INQUIRY OF JOHN: BETHANY, FEBRUARY, A. D. 27. a. On the Report in Jerusalem of those Rejected by John, the Sanhedrin Sends a Delegation of Priests and Levites to Inquire of him. JOHN i: 19 And this is the witness of John, when the Jews sent unto him from Jerusalem priests and Levites to ask him: Who art thou? 20 And he confessed, and denied not; and he confessed: I am not the Christ. 2 1 And they asked him : What then? Art thou Elijah? And he saith: I am not. Art thou the prophet? And he answered: No. b. John Declares his Commission and Refers to the Presence of Jesus who has Returned to the Jordan from His Temptation. 22 They said therefore unto him: Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself ? 23 He said: I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said Isaiah the prophet. (Is. 40: 3.) 24 And they had been sent from the Pharisees. 25 And they asked him, and said unto him : Why then Ijaptizest thou, if thou art not the Christ, neither Elijah, neither the prophet? THE OPENING EVENTS OF THE MINISTRY. 23 26 John answered them, saying: I baptize with water: in the midst of you standeth one whom ye know not, 27 even he that cometh after me, the latchet of whose shoe I am not worthy to unloose. 28 These things were done in Bethany beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing. c. The Next Day John points out Jesus to the Delegation as the Lamb of God. 29 On the morrow he seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith: Behold, the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world ! 30 This is he of whom I said : "After me cometh a man which is become before me:" for he was before me. 31 And I knew him not; but that he should be made manifest to Israel, for this cause came I baptizing with water. 32 And John bare witness, saying: I have beheld the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven; and it abode upon him. 33 And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, he said unto me: "Upon whomsoever thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and abiding upon him, the same is he that baptizeth with the Holy Spirit." 34 And I have seen, and have borne wit- ness that this is the Son of God. §5. THE FIRST DISCIPLES OF JESUS: BETHANY, FEBRUARY, A. D. 27. a. The Baptist points out Jesus to his Disciples and John and Andrew become his Followers. JOHN 1:35 Again on the morrow John was standing, and two of his disciples; 36 and he looked upon Jesus as he walked, and saith: Behold, the Lamb of God ! 3 7 And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. 38 And Jesus turned, and beheld them following, and saith unto them: What seek ye ? And they said unto him: Rabbi (which is to say, being interpreted, Master), where abidest thou? 39 He saith unto them: Come, and ye shall see. They came therefore and saw where he abode ; and they abode with him that day : it was about the tenth hour. b. Andrew Brings his Brother Simon to Jesus. 40 One of the two that heard John speak, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. 41 He findeth first his own brother Simon, and saith unto him: We have found the Messiah 24 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. (which is, being interpreted, Christ). 42 He brought him unto Jesus. Jesus looked upon him, and said: Thou art Simon the son of John: thou shalt be called Cephas (which is by interpretation, Peter). §6. THE DEPARTURE INTO GALILEE: MARCH, A. D. 27. Upon his Departure into Galilee Jesus Calls Philip of Bethsaida and Nathanael of Cana to be his Disciples. JOHN 1 : 43 On the morrow he was minded to go forth into Galilee, and he findeth Philip: and Jesus saith unto him: Follow me. 44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter, 45 Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him: We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph. 46 And Nathanael said unto him: Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him: Come and see. 47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him: Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile 1 48 Nathanael saith unto him: "Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him: Before Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee. 49 Nathanael answered him: Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art King of Israel. 50 Jesus answered and said unto him: Because I said unto thee, I saw thee underneath the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these. 51 And he saith unto him: Verily, verily, I say unto you. Ye shall see the heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man. §7. THE FIRST MIRACLE OF JESUS: CANA IN GALILEE, MARCH, A. D. 27. Jesus is Invited to a Marriage in Cana where he Turns the Water into Wine. JOHN 2: I And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and the mother of Jesus was there: 2 and Jesus also was THE OPENING EVENTS OF THE MINISTRY. ' 25 bidden, and his disciples, to the marriage. 3 And when the wine failed, the mother of Jesus saith unto him : They have no wine. 4 And Jesus saith unto her : Woman, what have I to do with thee? mine hour is not yet come. 5 His mother saith unto the servants: Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it. 6 Now there were six waterpots of stone set there after the Jews' manner of purifying, containing two or three firkins apiece. 7 Jesus saith unto them: Fill the waterpots with water. And they filled them up to the brim. 8 And he saith unto them: Draw out now, and bear unto the ruler of the feast. And they bare it. 9 And when the ruler of the feast tasted the water now become wine, and knew not whence it was (but the servants which had drawn the water knew), the ruler of the feast calleth the bridegroom, 10 and saith unto him: Every man setteth on first the good wine; and when men have drunk freely, then that which is worse: thou hast kept the good wine until now. II This beginning of his signs did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and manifested his glory ; and his disciples believed on him. §8. THE SOJOURN AT CAPERNAUM: MARCH- APRIL, A. D. 27. Jesus Goes from Cana to Capernaum. JOHN 2:12 After this he went down to Capernaum, he, and his mother, and his brethren, and his disciples: and there they abode not many days. Mark 1:9 — The dove was a Jewish emblem of the Holy Spirit, and "//i^ Sow 0/ God" was a Jewish title for the Messiah (p. 20). John 1 : 19 — The priestly deputation from Jerusalem was sent at the nomination of the Pharisees by the Jewish Sanhedrin, which "consisted of seventy-one elders. Its president was the high priest, and its members were drawn in large degree from the prominent representatives of the priestly aristocracy." In political matters the Sad- ducees, and in things ecclesiastical and doctrinal the Pharisees, dominated the San- hedrin (p. 22). John 2: 12 — "So far as our Lord had any fixed headquarters during his Galilsean ministry, they were in Capernaum." The settlement of Jesus there was believed by Matthew to be in fulfilment of prophecy. The city was admirably suited to the pur- foses of Jesus' ministry. It was in many respects the chief city of Galilee — the principal arbor of the fishermen of the Sea of Galilee, on the highway of travel and traffic, con- tained a Roman custom house and garrison of troups, and was situated in a fertile plain which has been graphically described by Josephus. "Speaking in Capernaum," it is aid that Jesus "spoke to the world. Southward lay the land of Palestine, eastward populous Pera;a, northward heathen Phoenicia," CHAPTER 11. THE MINISTRY IN JUDiEA: APRIL-DECEMBER, A. D. 27. From the Public Appearance of Jesus at Jerusalem, April 11-18, to the Return into Galilee, December, A. D. 27. I. THE PASSOVER AT JERUSALEM. §1. THE PUBLIC APPEARANCE AT JERUSALEM: APRIL 11-18, A. D. 27. Jesus Goes up to the Passover Feast. JOHN 2:13 And the passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. §2. THE CLEANSING OF THE TEMPLE. Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Declares his Resurrection. MARK 11: 15 And they come to Jerusalem: and he entered into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold and them that bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money-changers, and the seats of them that sold the doves ; 1 6 and he would not suffer that any man should carry a vessel through the temple. 17 And he taught, and said unto them: Is it not written, My house shall be called a house of prayer for all the nations f (Is. 56:7) but ye have made it a den of robbers. 18 And the chief priests and the scribes heard it, and sought how they might destroy him: for they feared him, for all the multitude was astonished at his teaching. MATTHEW 21:12 And Jesus entered into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money-changers, and the seats of them that sold the doves; 13 and he saith unto them: It is written, My house shall he called a house of prayer: (Is. 56 : 7 ) but ye make it a den of robbers. LUKE 19: 45 And he entered into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold, 46 saying unto them: It is written, And my house shall he a house of prayer: (Is. 56 : 7 ) but ye have made it a den of robbers. (26) THE MINISTRY IN JVDJEA. 27 JOHN 2:14 And he found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting: 15 and he made a scourge of cords, and cast all out of the temple, both the sheep and the oxen; and he poured out the changers' money, and overthrew their tables ; 1 6 and to them that sold the doves he said : Take these things hence; make not my Father's house a house of merchandise. 1 7 His disciples remembered that it was written : The zeal of thine house shall eat me up. (Ps. 69 : 9. ) 18 The Jews therefore answered and said unto him: What sign shewest thou unto us, seeing that thou doest these things? 19 Jesus answered and said unto them: Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up. 20 The Jews therefore said: Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou raise it up in three days? 21 But he spake of the temple of his body. 22 When therefore he was raised from the dead, his disciples remembered that he spake this ; and they believed the scripture, and the word which Jesus had said. §3. THE RECEPTION OF JESUS IN JERUSALEM. a. During the Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem Many Believe on his Name. JOHN 2:23 Now when he was in Jerusalem at the passover, during the feast, many believed on his name, beholding his signs which he did. 24 But Jesus did not trust himself unto them, for that he knew all men, 25 and because he needed not that any one should bear witness concerning man ; for he himself knew what was in man. b. Nicodemus, a probable Delegate from the Sanhedrin, Interviews Jesus. JOHN 3 : I Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nico- demus, a ruler of the Jews: 2 the same came unto him by night, and said to him : Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these signs that thou doest, except God be with him. 3 Jesus answered and said unto him : Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be bom anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God. 4 Nicodemus saith unto him : How can a man be bom when he is old? can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be bom? John 2: 20 — The third temple, begun by Herod the Great B. C. 19. John 3 : 2 — It is very probable that this interview took place on the Mount of Olives, as Jesus was in the habit of spending the night there during his visits to Jerusalem. 28 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 5 Jesus answered : Verily, verily, I say unto thee. Except a man be bom of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. 6 That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 7 Marvel not that I said unto thee, "Ye must be born anew." 8 The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the voice thereof, but knowest not whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is bom of the Spirit. 9 Nicodemus answered and said unto him How can these things be? 10 Jesus answered and said unto him: Art thou the teacher of Israel, and understandest not these things ? 1 1 Verily, verily, I say unto thee. We speak that we do know, and bear witness of that we have seen ; and ye receive not our witness. 1 2 If I told you earthly things , and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you heavenly things? 13 And no man hath ascended into heaven, but he that de- scended out of heaven, even the Son of man, which is in heaven. 14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilder- ness, even so must the Son of raan be lifted up: 15 that who- soever believeth may in him have eternal life. 16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have eternal life. 17 For God sent not the Son into the world to judge the world; but that the world should be saved through him. 18 He that believeth on him is not judged: he that believeth not hath been judged already, because he hath not believed on the name of the only begotten Son of God. 19 And this is the judgement, that the light is come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light; for their works were evil. 20 For every one that doeth ill hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, lest his works should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth the truth cometh to the light, that his works may be made manifest, that they have been wrought in God. II. THE SOJOURN IN JUD.EA. U. THE MINISTRY IN JUDiEA: APRIL-DECEMBER, A. D. 27. Jesus Goes from Jerusalem into the Country of Judaea where John also was Preaching. JOHN 3:22 After the.se things came Jesus and his disciples into th€ land of Juda3a; and there he tarried with them, and baptized. John 3: 16-21 — This is believed by many excellent scholars to be a comment o: John, and not a part of the reply of Jesus to Nicodemus. See I. John 4: 9. THE MINISTRY IN JUD^A. 29 §2. THE TESTIMONY OF JOHN THE BAPTIST: JUD^A, A. D. 27. a. Disciples of John Report to him the Ministry and Popularity of Jesus in Judaea. JOHN 3 : 23 And John also was baptizing in ^non near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came, and were bap- tized. 24 For John was not yet cast into prison. 25 There arose therefore a questioning on the part of John's disciples with a Jew about purifying. 26 And they came unto John, and said to him: Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou hast borne witness, behold, the same baptizeth, and all men come to him. b- The Reply of John the Baptist to his Disciples and his Testimony to Jesus as the Son. 27 John answered and said: A m.an can receive nothing, except it have been given him from heaven. 28 Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, "I am not the Christ," but, that I am sent before him. 29 He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridgroom's voice: ■ this my joy therefore is fulfilled. 30 He must increase, but I must decrease. 3 1 He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is of the earth, and of the earth he speak- eth : he that cometh from heaven is above all. 3 2 What he hath seen and heard, of that he beareth witness ; and no man receiveth his witness. 33 He that hath received his witness hath set his seal to this, that God is true. 34 For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God : for he giveth not the Spirit by measure. 35 The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand. t,6 He that believeth on the Son hath eternal life; but he that obeyeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him. §3. THE ARREST OF JOHN THE BAPTIST: PER^A, DECEMBER, A. D. 27. For Denouncing the King for his Alliance with his Brother's Wife John is Arrested and Imprisoned in the Castle of Machaerus beyond the Jordan. MARK 6:17 For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife: for he had married her. 18 For John said unto Herod: It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother's wife. 19 And Herodias set herself against him, and desired to kill him; and she could not; 20 for Herod feared John, knowing that he was a righteous man and a holy, and kept him safe. And when he heard him, he was much perplexed ; and he heard him gladly. 30 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. MATTHEW 14: 3 For Herod had laid hold on John, and bound him, and put him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife. 4 For John said unto him: It is not lawful for thee to have her. 5 And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multi- tude, because they counted him as a prophet. LUKE 3: 19 But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother's wife, and for all the evil things which Herod had done, 20 added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison. J §4. THE DEPARTURE OF JESUS FROM JUDiEA: DECEMBER, A. D. 27. a. Mark and Matthew Relate that the Report of John's Imprisonment Causes Jesus to Depart from Judaea. MARK i: 14 Now after that John was delivered up, Jesus came into Galilee, * * * MATTHEW 4:12 Now when he heard that John was delivered up, he withdrew into Galilee. b. John Adds that Jesus Departed into Galilee after the Success of His Judaean Ministry had come to the Attention of the Sanhedrin at Jerusalem. JOHN 4: I When therefore the Lord knew how that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John 2 (although Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples), 3 he left Judaea, and departed again into Galilee. III. THE MINISTRY IN SAMARIA. §1. THE MINISTRY IN SAMARIA EN ROUTE: DECEMBER, A. D. 27 a. Passing through Samaria Jesus Meets a Woman at Jacob's Well and Announces to her that He is the Messiah. JOHN 4 : 4 And he must needs pass through Samaria. 5 So he Cometh to a city of Samaria, called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph: 6 and Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus by the well. It was about the sixth hour. 7 There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: Jesus saith unto her: Give me to drink. 8 For his disciples were gone away into the city to buy food. The Samaritan woman therefore saith unto him : How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a Samaritan woman? THE MINISTRY IN JUBMA. 31 (For Jews have no dealings with Samaritans. ) 10 Jesus answered and said unto her : If thou knewest the gift of God, and who it is that saith to thee, "Give me to drink;" thou would est have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water. II The woman saith unto him: Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep : from whence then hast thou that living water? 12 Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and drank thereof himself, and his sons, and his cattle? 13 Jesus answered and said unto her: Every one that drinketh of this water shall thirst again : 14 but whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst ; but the water that I shall give him shall become in him a well of water springing up unto eternal life. 15 The woman saith unto him: Sir, give me this water, that I thirst not, neither come all the way hither to draw. 16 Jesus saith unto her: Go, call thy husband, and corae hither. 17 The woman answered and said unto him: I have no husband. Jesus saith unto her: Thou saidst well, "I have no husband;" 18 for thou hast had five husbands; and he whom thou now hast is not thy husband: this hast thou said truly. 19 The woman saith unto him: Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet. 20 Our fathers worshipped in this mountain ; and ye say, that in Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship. 21 Jesus saith unto her: Woman, believe me, the hour cometh, when neither in this mountain, nor in Jerusalem, shall ye worship the Father. 22 Ye worship that which ye know not: we worship that which we know: for salvation is from the Jews. 23 But the "hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and truth: for such doth the Father seek to be his worshippers. 24 God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship in spirit and truth. 25 The woman saith unto him: I kn5w that Messiah cometh (which is called Christ): when he is come, he will declare unto us all things. 26 Jesus saith unto her: I that speak unto thee am he. b. Upon the Return of the Disciples the Woman Departs to the City and Reports the Conversation with Jesus. 27 And upon this came his disciples; and they marvelled that he was speaking with a woman; yet no man said, What seekest thou? or, 32 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. Why speakest thou with her? 28 So the woman left her waterpot, and went away into the city, and saith to the men: 29 Come, see a man, which told me all things that ever I did: can this be the Christ? 30 They went out of the city, and were coming to him. c. Upon the Departure of the Woman and the Approach of the Men of Samaria Jesus Discourses to the Disciples upon the Harvest. 31 In the mean while the disciples prayed him, saying: Rabbi, eat. 32 But he said unto them: I have meat to eat that ye know not. 2)2) The disciples therefore said one to another: Hath any man brought him aught to eat? 34 Jesus saith unto them: My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to accomplish his work. 35 Say not ye, "There are yet four months, and then cometh the harvest?" behold, I say unto you. Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields, that they are white already unto harvest. 36 He that reapeth receiveth wages, and gathereth fruit unto life eternal; that he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice together. 37 For herein is the saying true: One soweth, and another reapeth. (Micah 6: 15.) 38 I sent you to reap that whereon ye have not laboured: others have laboured, and ye are entered intb their labour. d. Jesus Remains in Samaria Two Days and Many of the Samaritans Believe on Him. 39 And from that city many of the Samaritans believed on him because of the word of the woman, who testified, "He told me all things that ever I did." 40 So when the Samaritans came unto him, they besought him to abide with them: and he abode there two days. 41 And many more believed because of his word; 42 and they said to the woman: Now we believe, not because of thy speaking: for we have heard for ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Saviour of the world. ( §2. THE DEPARTURE FROM SAMARIA. Jesus Continues His Journey from Judaea into Galilee. JOHN 4 : 43 And after the two days he went forth from thence into] Galilee. 44 For Jesus himself testified, that a prophet hath no honour] in his own country. CHAPTER III. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE: DECEMBER-SEPTEMBER, A. D. 27-29. From the Arrival of Jesus in Galilee, December, A. D. 27, to the Final Departure to Jerusalem, September, A. D. 29. A. THE PREPARATION OF THE KINGDOM: DECEMBER, A. D. 27, TO JULY, A. D. 28. From the Arrival of Jesus in Galilee, December, A.D. 27, to the Appointment of the Twelve Apostles, July, A. D. 28. I. THE SETTLEMENT AT CAPERNAUM. §1. THE ARRIVAL IN GALILEE: DECEMBER, A. D. 27. After the Sojourn in Samaria Jesus Arrives in Galilee from Judaea, is Cordially Received and Begins the Forinal Ministry of the Kingdom. MARK 1:14 [Now after that John was delivered up, Jesus came into Galilee,] preaching the gospel of God, 1 5 and saying : The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand : repent ye, and believe in the gospel. MATTHEW 4:17 From that time began Jesus to preach, and to say: Repent ye ; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. LUKE 4: 14 And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee: and a fame went out concerning him through all the region round about. 15 And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all. 3: 23 [And Jesus himself, when he began to teach, was about thirty years of age.] JOHN 4: 45 So when he came into Galilee, the Galilaeans received him, having seen all the things that he did in Jerusalem at the feast: for they also went unto the feast. §2. THE SECOND VISIT TO CANA: DECEMBER, A. D. 27. Jesus Visits Cana, the City of Nathanael, and while there Heals the Son of a Nobleman who was Sick at Capernaum. JOHN 4: 46 He came therefore again unto Cana of Galilee, where he made the water wine. And there was a certain nobleman, whose son was sick at Capernaum. 47 When he heard that Jesus was come out of Judaea into Galilee, he went unto him, and besought him that he would come down, and heal his son; for he was at the point of death. 48 Jesus therefore said unto him: Except ye see signs and wonders, ye will in no wise be- lieve. 3 (33) 34 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 49 The nobleman saith unto him: Sir, come down ere my child die. 50 Jesus saith unto him: Go thy way ; thy son liveth. The man believed the word that Jesus spake unto him, and he went his way. 51 And as he was now going down, his servants met him, saying, that his son lived. 52 So he inquired of them the hour when he began to amend. They said therefore unto him: Yesterday at the seventh hour the fever left him. 53 So the father knew that it was at that hour in which Jesus said unto him, "Thy son liveth:" and himself believed, and his whole house. 54 This is again fhe second sign that Jesus did, having come out of Judaja into Galilee. §3. THE SETTLEMENT AT CAPERNAUM: SPRING, A. D. 28. Leaving Cana, Jesus Takes up his Residence at Capernaum, as Prophesied by Isaiah, and Announces the Kingdom of Heaven. MATTHEW 4: 13 And leaving Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is by the sea, in the borders of Zebulun and Naph- tali: 14 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying: 1 5 The land of Zehulun and the land of Naphtali, Toward the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles, 16 The people which sat in darkness Saw a great light, And to them which sat in the region and shadow of death, To them did light spring up. (Is. 9:1, 2.) LUKE 4:31 And he came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. II. THE MINISTRY AT CAPERNAUM AND THE FIRST PREACHING TOUR. §1. THE CALL OF THE FOUR: SPRING, A. D. 28. a. Going out by the Sea of Galilee Jesus Calls Peter, Andrew, James and John to Accompany Him. MARK 1:16 And passing along by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net in the sea: for they were fishers. 17 And Jesus said unto them: Come ye after me, and I will make you to become fishers of men. Matt. 4: 13 — Jesus may have visited Nazareth at this time, which is doubtful. Matthew states only a change of residence. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 35 1 8 And straightway they left the nets, and followed him. 19 And going on a little further, he saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, who also were in the boat mending the nets. 20 And straightway he called them : and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants, and went after him. MATTHEW 4: 18 And walking by the sea of Galilee, he saw two brethren, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishers. 19 And he saith unto them: Come ye after me, and I will m.ake you fishers of men. 20 And they straightway left the nets, and followed him. 21 And going on from thence he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them. 22 And they straightway left the boat and their father, and followed him. b. Jesus Teaches in the Seaside and Directs the Miraculous Draught of Fishes. LUKE 5 : I Now it came to pass, while the multitude pressed upon him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret; 2 and he saw two boats standing by the lake: but the fishermen had gone out of them, and were washing their nets. 3 And he entered into one of the boats,which was Simon's, and asked him to put out a little from the land. And he sat down and taught the multi- tudes out of the boat. 4 And when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon : Put out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. 5 And Simon answered and said: Master, we toiled all night, and took nothing: but at thy word I will let down the nets. 6 And when they had this done, they inclosed a great multitude of fishes ; and their nets were breaking ; 7 and they beckoned unto their partners in the other boat, that they should come and help them. And they came, and filled both the boats, so that they began to sink. 8 But Simon Peter, when he saw it, fell down at Jesus' knees, saying: Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord. 9 For he was amazed, and all that were with him, at the draught of the fishes which they had taken; 10 and so were also James and John, sons of Zebedee, which were partners with Simon. And Jesus said unto Simon: Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt catch men. II And when they had brought their boats to land, they left all, and followed him. Luke 5 : i — The Sea of Galilee is called by Luke the lake of Genneseret. 36 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. §2. THE CALL OF OTHERS: SPRING, A. D. 28. Jesus Admonishes Some whom he Called and Others who would Follow MATTHEW 8:19 And there came a scribe, and said unto him: Master, I will follow thee withersoever thou goest. 20 And Jesus saith unto him: The foxes have holes, and the birds of the heaven have nests ; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. 2 1 And another of the disciples said unto him : Lord, sufifer me first to go and bury my father. 22 But Jesus saith unto him: Follow me; and leave the dead to bury their own dead. LUKE 9:57 And as they went in the way, a certain man said unto him: 'i will follow thee withersoever thou goest. 58 And Jesus said unto him: The foxes have holes, and the birds of the heaven have nests ; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. 59 And he said unto another: Follow me. But he said: Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. 60 But he said unto him: Leave the dead to bury their own dead ; but go thou and publish abroad the kingdom of God. 61 And another also said : I will follow thee. Lord; but first suffer me to bid fare- well to them that are at my house. 62 But Jesus said unto him: No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God. 1 §3. THE MESSIAH'S PROCLAMATION: CAPERNAUM, A SABBATH, SPRING, A. D. 28. a. Returning with His Followers to the Synagogue in Capernaum Jesus Delivers His First Public Address. MARK i: 21 And they go into Capernaum; and straightway on the sabbath day he entered into the synagogue and taught. LUKE 4:31 [And he came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee.] And he was teaching them on the sabbath day . i. Jesus Declares his Relation to the Law and the Prophets. MATTHEW 5:17 Think not that I came to destroy the law or the prophets: I came not to destroy, but to fulfil. 18 For verily I say unto you. Till heaven and earth pass away, Matt. 8: ai, Luke o: 59 — This is believed to be the call of Philip. THE MINISTRY ^N GALILEE. 37 one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass away from the law, till all things be accomplished. 19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I say unto you, that except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven. ii. Jesus Expounds the Higher Meanings of the Law. 2 1 Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; (Ex. 20 : 13 ) and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgement: 2 2 but I say unto you, that every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgement ; and whosoever shall say to his brother, "Raca," shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever shall say, "Thou fool," shall be in danger of the hell of fire. 23 If therefore thou art offering thy gift at the altar, 'and there rememberest that thy brother hath aught against thee, 24 leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way, first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. 2 5 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art with him in the way; lest haply the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison. • 26 Verily I say unto thee. Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the last farthing. 27 Ye have heard that it was said: Thou shalt not commit adultery; (Ex. 20 : 14 ) 28 but I say tmto you, that every one that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. 29 And if thy right eye causeth thee to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profit- able for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body be cast into hell. 30 And if thy right hand causeth thee to stumble, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body go into hell. 31 It was said also: Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement: (Dt. 24: i, 3) 32 but I say unto you, that every one that putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, maketh her an adulteress : and whosoever shall marry her when she is put away committeth adultery. 2,2, Again, ye have heard that it was said to them of old time; Thou shalt not forswear thyself, hut shalt perform, unto the Lord thine oaths: (Dt. 23 : 21 ) Matt, s: 17 — This is "the first formal sermon that He ever preached, and happily a report of it has been preserved by St. Matthew, embedded in that precious collection of our Lord's sayings commonly called 'The Sermon on the Mount.' * * * it was in truth the Manifesto of the Messiah." ( The Days of His Flesh, p. 95.) For the arrange- ment of the Sayings of Jesus according to the earlier and traditional scholarship, see the author's Biblical Life of Christ. 38 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 34 but I say unto you, Swear not at all ; neither by the heaven, for it is the throne of God; 35 nor by the earth, for it is the footstool of his feet; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. 36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, for thou canst not inake one hair white or black. 3 7 But let your speech be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: and whatsoever is more than these is of the evil one. 38 Ye have heard that it was said: An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth: (Lev. 24: 19, 20) 39 but I say unto you. Resist not him that is evil. iii. Jesus Exhorts His Hearers to Practise a Sincere Righteousness. 6 : I Take heed that ye do not your righteousness before men, to be seen of them: else ye have no reward with your Father which is in heaven. 2 When therefore thou doest alms, sound not a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogties and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you. They have received their reward. 3 But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth: 4 that thine alms may be in secret: and thy Father which seeth in secret shall recompense thee. 5 And when ye pray, ye shall not be as the hypocrites: for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and in the comers of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say tmto you. They have received their reward. 6 But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thine inner chamber, and having shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in se- cret, and thy Father which seeth in secret shall recompense thee. 7 And in praying use not vain repetitions, as the Gen- tiles do: for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. 8 Be not therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him. 16 Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hyprocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may be seen of men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have received their reward. 1 7 But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thy head, and wash thy face ; 18 that thou be not seen of men to fast, but of thy Father which is in secret : and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall recompense thee. LUKE 16: 17. But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away, than for one tittle of the law to fall. 12: 58 For as thou art going with thine adversary before the magistrate, on the way give diligence to be quit of him; lest haply he hale thee unto the judge, and tjie judge shall deliver thee to the officer, and the officer shall cast thee into prison. 59 I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the very last mite. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 39 b. The Profound Impression of Jesus' First Address. MARK 1:22 And they were astonished at his teaching: for he taught them as having authority, and not as the scribes. MATTHEW 7: 28 And it came to pass, when Jesus ended these words, the multitudes were astonished at his teaching: 29 for he taught them as one having authority, and not as their scribes. LUKE 4: 32 And they were astonished at his teaching; for his word was with authority. c. Following His Address in the Synagogue Jesus Heals a Man with an Unclean Spirit. MARK 1:23 And straightway there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out, saying: 24 What have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Naza- reth? art thou corae to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God. 25 And Jesus rebuked him, saying: Hold thy peace, and come out of him. 26 And the unclean spirit, tearing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him. 2 7 And they were all amazed, insomuch that they questioned among themselves, saying: What is this ? a new teaching ! with authority he com- mandeth even the unclean spirits, and they obey him. 28 And the report of him went out straightway everywhere into all the region of Galilee round about. LUKE 4: 33 And in the synagogue there was a man, which had a spirit of an unclean devil ; and he cried out with a loud voice : 34 Ah ! what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth ? art thou come to destroy us ? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God. 35 And Jesus rebuked him, saying: Hold thy peace, and come out of him. And when the devil had thrown him down in the midst, he came out of him, having done him no hurt. 36 And amazement came upon all, and they spake together, one with another, saying: What is this word? for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits, and they come out. 3 7 And there went forth a rumour concerning him into every place of the region round about. §4. IN PETER'S HOUSE AT CAPERNAUM, a. Jesus Goes from the Synagogue into Peter's House and Heals his Wife's Mother. MARK i: 29 And straightway, when they were come out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James 40 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. and John. 30 Now Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever; and straightway they tell him of her : 3 1 and he came and took her by the hand, and raised her up; and the fever left her, and she ministered unto them. MATTHEW 8: 14 And when Jesus was come into Peter's house, he saw his wife's mother lying sick of a fever. 1 5 And he touched her hand, and the fever left her; and she arose, and ministered unto him. LUKE 4: 38 And he rose up from the synagogue, and entered into the house of Simon. And Simon's wife's mother was holden with a great fever; and they besought him for her. 39 And he stood over her, and rebuked the fever ; and it left her : and immediately she rose up and ministered unto them. b. Jesus Heals the Multitude in the Evening. MARK 1:32 And at even, when the sun did set, they brought unto him all that were sick, and them that were possessed with devils. 7,7, And all the city was gathered together at the door. 34 And he healed many that were sick with divers diseases, and cast out many devils ; and he suffered not the devils to speak, because they knew him. MATTHEW 8: 16 And when even was come, they brought unto him many possessed with devils: and he cast out the spirits with a word, and healed all that were sick: 17 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying: Himself took our infirmities, and bare our diseases, ( Is. 53:4-) LUKE 4: 40 And when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him ; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them. 4 1 And devils also came out from many, crying out, and saying: Thou art the Son of God. And rebuking them, he suffered them not to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ. I 1 §5. THE FIRST PREACHING TOUR: GALILEE, SPRING, A. D. 28. a. From Capernaum Jesus Makes a Journey through Galilee, Preaching and Healing the Sick, and Many Follow Him. MARK 1:35 And in the morning, a great while before day, he rose up and went out, and departed into a desert place, and there prayed 36 And Simon and they that were with him followed after him; and they found him, 37 and say unto him: All are seeking thee. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 41 38 And he saith unto them: Let us go elsewhere into the next towns, that I may- preach there also; for to this end came I forth. 39 And he went into their synagogues throughout all Galilee, preaching and casting out devils. MATTHEW 4: 23 And Jesus went about in all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of disease and all manner of sickness among the people. 24 And the report of him went forth into all Syria: and they brought unto him all that were sick, holden with divers diseases and torments, possessed with devils, and epileptic, and palsied; and he healed them. 25 And there followed him great multitudes from Galilee and Dec- apolis and Jerusalem and Judaea and /row beyond Jordan. LUKE 4: 42 And when it was day, he came out and went into a desert place : and the multitudes sought after him, and came unto him, and would have stayed him, that he should not go from them. 43 But he said unto them : I must preach the good tidings of the kingdom of God to the other cities also : for therefore was I sent. 44 And he was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee. b. Jesus Heals a Leper in One of the Cities of the Journey. MARK 1 : 40 And there cometh to him a leper, beseeching him, and kneeling down to him, and saying unto him : If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. 41 And being moved with compassion, he stretched forth his hand, and touched him, and saith unto him: I will; be thou made clean. 42 And straightway the leprosy departed from him, and he was made clean. 43 And he strictly charged him, and straightway sent him out, 44 and saith unto him : See thou say nothing to any man : but go thy way, shew thyself to the priest, and offer for thy cleansing the things which Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them. (Lev. 14: 1-32.) 45 But he went out, and began to publish it much, and to spread abroad the matter, insomuch that Jesus could no more openly enter into a city, but was without in desert places: and they came to him from every quarter. MATTHEW 8: 2 And behold, there came to him a leper and worshipped him, saying:- Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. 3 And he stretched forth his hand, and touched him, saying: I will; be thou made clean. 42 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. And straightway his leprosy was cleansed. 4 And Jesus saith unto him: See thou tell no man; but go thy way, shew thyself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony imto them. (Lev. 14: 1-32.) « LUKE 5:12 And it came to pass, while he was in one of the cities, behold, a man full of leprosy: and when he saw Jesus, he fell on his face, and besought him, saying: Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. 13 And he stretched forth his hand, and touched him, saying: I will; be thou made clean. And straightway the leprosy departed from him. 14 And he charged him to tell no man: But go thy way, and shew thyself to the priest, and offer for thy cleansing, according as Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them. (Lev. 14: 1-32. ) 15 But so much the more went abroad the report concerning him: and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed of their infirmities. 16 But he withdrew himself in the deserts, and prayed. II III. THE BEGINNING OF CRITICISM AND HOSTILITY. §1. THE CENTURION'S SERVANT: CAPERNAUM, SPRING, A. D. 28. Jesus Returns to Capernaum from His First Preaching Tour and at the Interces- sion of Elders of the Jews Heals the Servant of a Centurion. MATTHEW 8: 5 And when he was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a centurion, beseeching him, 6 and saying: Lord, my servant lieth in the house sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. 7 And he saith unto him: I will come and heal him. 8 And the centurion answered and said: Lord, I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof: but only say the word, and my servant shall be healed. 9 For I also am a man under authority, having under myself soldiers: and I say to this one, "Go," and he goeth; and to another, "Come," and he cometh; and to my servant, "Do this," and he doeth it. 10 And when Jesus heard it, he marvelled, and said to them that followed : Verily I say unto you, I have not fecund so great faith, no, not in Lsrael. 13 And Jesus said unto the centurion: Go thy way; as thou hast believed, so be it done unto thee. And the servant was healed in that hour. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 43 LUKE 7 : 2 And a certain centurion's servant, who was dear unto him, was sick and at the point of death. 3 And whenjhe heard con- cerning Jesus, he sent unto him elders of the Jews, asking him that he would come and save his servant. 4 And they, when they came to Jesus, besought him earnestly, saying: He is worthy that thou shouldest do this for him : 5 for he loveth our nation, and himself built us our synagogue. 6 And Jesus went with them. And when he was now not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to him, saying unto him : Lord, trouble not thyself: for I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof: 7 wherefore neither thought I myself worthy to come unto thee: but say the word, and my servant shall be healed. 8 For I also am a man set under authority, having under myself soldiers: and I say to this one, "Go," and he goeth; and to another, "Come," and he Cometh; and to my servant, "Do this," and he doeth it. 9 And when Jesus heard these things, he marvelled at him, and turned and said unto the multitude that followed him : I say unto you, I have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel. 10 And they that were sent, returning to the house, found the servant whole. §2. THE PARALYTIC BORNE OF FOUR: CAPERNAUM, SPRING, A. D. 28. Jesus Forgives a Man's Sins, and, being Criticized by the Jews, Heals the Man of his Paralysis. MARK 2 : I And when he entered again into Capernaum after some days, it was noised that he was in the house. 2 And many were gathered together, so that there was no longer room for ihem, no, not even about the door: and he spake the word unto them. 3 And they come, bringing unto him a man sick of the palsy, borne of four. 4 And when they could not come nigh unto him for the crowd, they uncovered the roof where he was: and when they had broken it up, they let down the bed whereon the sick of the palsy lay. 5 And Jesus seeing their faith saith unto the sick of the palsy : Son, thy sins are forgiven. 6 But there were certain of the scribes sitting there, and reasoning in their hearts : 7 Why doth this man thus speak? he blasphemeth: who can forgive sins but one, even God? 8 And straightway Jesus, perceiving in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, saith unto them : Why reason ye these things in your hearts ? 9 Whether is easier, to say to the sick of the palsy, "Thy sins are forgiven;" or to say. Arise, and take up thy bed, and walk? 10 But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins 44 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. (he saith to the sick of the palsy) , III say unto thee, Arise, take up thy bed, and go unto thy house. 12 And he arose, and straightway took up the bed, and went forth before them all ; insomuch that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying: We never saw it on this fashion. MATTHEW 9: 2 And behold, they brought to him a man sick of the palsy, lying on a bed: and Jesus seeing their faith said unto the sick of the palsy: Son, be of good cheer; thy sins are forgiven. 3 And behold, certain of the scribes said within themselves: This man blasphemeth. 4 And Jesus knowing their thoughts said : Wherefore think ye evil in your hearts? 5 For whether is easier, to say, "Thy sins are forgiven ;" or to say, Arise, and walk? 6 But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins (then saith he to the sick of the palsy) , Arise, and take up thy bed, and go unto thy house. 7 And he arose, and departed to his house. 8 But when the multi- tudes saw it, they were afraid, and glorified God, which had given such power unto men. LUKE 5:17 And it came to pass on one of those days, that he was teaching ; and there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, which were come out of every village of Galilee and Judaea and Jeru- salem: and the power of the Lord was with him to heal. 18 And behold, men bring on a bed a man that was palsied : and they sought to bring him in, and to lay him before him. 19 And not finding by what way they might bring him in because of the multitude, they went up to the housetop, and let him down through the tiles with his couch into the midst before Jesus. 20 And seeing their faith, he said: Man, thy sins are forgiven thee. 21 And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying: Who is this that speaketh blasphemies? Who can for- give sins, but God alone? 22 But Jesus perceiving their reasonings, answered and said unto them: What reason ye in your hearts? 23 Whether is easier, to say, "Thy sins are forgiven thee;" or to say, Arise and walk? 24 But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins (he said unto him that was palsied), I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy couch, and go unto thy house. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 45 25 And immediately he rose up before them, and took up that whereon he lay, and departed to his house, glorifying God. 26 And amazement took hold on all, and they glorified God; and they were filled with fear, saying : We have seen strange things to-day. §3. THE CALL OF LEVI: NEAR CAPERNAUM, SPRING, A. D. 28. Jesus calls Levi, the Tax Collector at the Roman Custom House near Caper- naum, and is Honored by a Feast at his House. MARK 2 : 13 And he went forth again by the sea side; and all the multitude resorted unto him, and he taught them. 14 And as he passed by, he saw Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the place of toll, and he saith unto him : Follow me. And he arose and followed him. 1 5 And it came to pass, that he was sitting at meat in his house, and many publicans and sinners sat down with Jesus and his disciples: for there were many, and they fol- lowed him. 16 And the scribes of the Pharisees, when they saw that he was eating with the sinners and publicans, said unto his disciples : He eateth and drinketh with publicans and sinners. 17 And when Jesus heard it, he saith unto them: They that are whole have no need of a physician, but they that are sick: I came not to call the righteous, but MATTHEW 9: 9 And as Jesus passed by from thence, he saw a man, called Matthew, si'tting at the place of toll : and he saith unto him : Follow me. And he arose, and followed him. 10 And it came to pass, as he sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with Jesus and his disciples. 1 1 And when the Phari- sees saw it, they said unto his disciples: Why eateth your Master with the publicans and sinners? 12 But when he heard it, he said: They that are whole have no need of a physician, but they that are sick. 13 But go ye and learn what this meaneth, / desire mercy, and not sacrifice: (Hos. 6 : 6 ) for I came not to call the righteous, but sinners. LUKE 5: 27 And after these things he went forth, and beheld a publican, named Levi, sitting at the place of toll: and said unto him: Follow me. Mark 2: 14 — Levi's name is changed to Matthew, probably by Jesus, as in the case of Peter. Matthew means " The Gift of Jehovah," and has a Latin equivalent in Theodore. He signalizes his acceptance of Jesus by giving a feast in His honor. 46 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 28 And he forsook all, and rose up and followed him. 29 And Levi made him a great feast in his house : and there was a great multi- tude of publicans and of others that were sitting at meat with them. 30 And the Pharisees and their scribes murmured against his disciples, saying : Why do ye eat and drink with the publicans and sinners? 31 And Jesus answering said unto them: They that are whole have no need of a physician; but they that are sick. 32 I am not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance. §4. THE QUESTION ABOUT FASTING: CAPERNAUM, SPRING, A. D. 28. Observing Jesus at Matthew's Feast the Pharisees and Disciples of John Question Jesus about Fasting. MARK 2: 18 And John's disciples and the Pharisees were fasting: and they come and say unto him: Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Phari- sees fast, but thy disciples fast not? 19 And Jesus said unto them: Can the sons of the bride-chamber fast, while the bride- groom is with them? as long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast. 20 But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then will they fast in that day. 2 1 No man seweth a piece of undressed cloth on an old garment: else that which should fill it up taketh from it, the new from the old, and a worse rent is made. 22 And no man putteth new wine into old wine-skins: else the wine will burst the skins, and the wine perisheth, and the skins: but they put new wine into fresh wine-skins. MATTHEW 9: 14 Then come to him the disciples of John, saying: Why do we and the Pharisees fast oft, but thy disciples fast not? 15 And Jesus said unto them: Can the sons of the bride-chamber mourn, as long as the bridegroom is with them? but the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then will they fast. 16 And no man putteth a piece of un- dressed cloth upon an old garment; for that which should fill it up taketh from the gai'ment, and a worse rent is made. 17 Neither do men put new wine into old wine-skins: else the skins burst, and the wine is spilled, and the skins perish: but they put new wine into fresh wine-skins, and both are preserved. LUKE 5: 33 And they said unto him: The disciples of John fast often, and make supplica- tions; likewise also the disciples of the Pharisees; but thine eat and drink. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 47 34 And Jesus said unto them: Can ye make the sons of the bride-chamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? 35 But the days will come; and when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, then will they fast in those days. 36 And he spake also a parable unto them: No man rendeth a piece from a new garment and put- teth it upon an old garment; else he will rend the new, and also the piece from the new will not agree with the old. 37 And no man putteth new wine into old wine-skins; else the new wine will burst the skins, and itself will be spilled, and the skins will perish. 38 But new wine must be put into fresh wine-skins. 39 And no man having drunk old wine desireth new: for he saith, "The old is good." IV. THE VISIT TO JERUSALEM, §1. THE MAN AT THE POOL: JERUSALEM, SPRING, A. D. 28. a. Jesus Attends a Feast of the Jews, probably the Passover, and Heals a Man at the Pool of Bethesda. JOHN 5 : I After these things there was a feast of the Jews ; and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. 2 Now there is in Jerusalem by the sheep gate a pool, which is called in Hebrew "Bethesda," having five porches. 3 In these lay a multitude of them that were sick, blind, halt, withered. 5 And a certain man was there, which had been thirty and eight years in his infirmity. 6 When Jesus saw him lying, and knew that he had been now a long time in that case, he saith unto him: Wouldest thou be made whole? 7 The sick man answered him: Sir, I have no man, when the water is troubled, to put me into the pool: but while I am coming, another steppeth down before me. 8 Jesus saith unto him: Arise, take up thy bed, and walk. 9 And straightway the man was made whole, and took up his bed and walked. b. The Jews Charge the Man with Violating the Sabbath. Now it was the sabbath on that day. 10 So the Jews said unto him that was cured: It is the sabbath, and it is not lawful for thee to take up thy bed. John 5 : I — An eighth century manuscript calls this the Feast of Unleavened Bread, otherwise known as the Passover, which this year occurred March 30-April 5. Some think it was the Feast of Pentecost, some the Feast of Purim, etc., while others claim John himself did not remember what feast it was. 48 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. 11 But he answered them : He that made me whole, the same said unto me, "Take up thy bed, and walk." 12 They asked him: Who is the man that said unto thee, "Take up thy bed, and walk?" 13 But he that was healed wist not who it was: for Jesus had con- veyed himself away, a multitude being in the place. c. Jesus Admonishes the Man and is Revealed to the Jews. 14 Afterward Jesus findeth him in the temple, and said unto him:i Behold, thou art made whole: sin no more, lest a worse thing befall thee. 1 5 The man went away, and told the Jews that it was Jesus whicl had made him whole. d. The Jews Charge Jesus with Sabbath-Breaking and Blasphemy, and Seek to take His Life. 1 6 And for this cause did the Jews persecute Jesus, because he di( these things on the sabbath. 17 But Jesus answered them: My Father worketh even until now, and I work. 18 For this cause therefore the Jews sought the more to kill him, because he not only brake the sabbath, but also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God. e. Jesus Defends Himself against the Charge of Blasphemy and Announces that He is the Son of God. 19 Jesus therefore answered and said unto them: i. The Mission and Authority of the Son of God. Verily, verily, I say unto you, The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the Father doing : for what things soever he doeth, these the Son also doeth in like manner. 20 For the Father loveth the Son, and sheweth him all things that himself doeth : and greater works than these will he shew him, that ye may marvel. 2 1 For as the Father raiseth the dead and quickeneth them, even so the Son also quickeneth whom he will. 22 For neither doth th-e Father judge any man, but he hath given all judgement unto the Son; 23 that all may honour the .Son, even as they honour the Father. He that honoureth not the Son honoureth not the Father which sent him. 24 Verily, verily, I say unto you. He that heareth my word, and believeth him that sent me, hath eternal life, and cometh not into judgement, but hath passed out of death into life. 25 Verily, verily, I say unto you. The hour cometh, and now is, when tlie dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God; and they tliat hear shall live. 26 For as the Father hath life in himself, even so gave he to the John 5" 1 8 — Blasphemy accordinj^ to the Jewish Law was punishable with death. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 49 Son also to have life in himself: 27 and he gave him author- ity to execute judgement, because he is the Son of man. 28 Marvel not at this : for the hour cometh, in which all that are in the tombs shall hear his voice, 29 and shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done ill, unto the resurrection of judgement. ii. The Witnesses to the Son of God. First: The Witness of John the Baptist. 30 I can of myself do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgement is righteous; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. 3 1 If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. 32 It is another that bear- eth witness of me; and I know that the witness which he witnesseth of me is true. 33 Ye have sent unto John, and he hath borne witness unto the truth. Second: The Witness of Jesus' Works. 34 But the witness which I receive is not from man: howbeit I say these things, that ye may be saved. 35 He was the lamp that bumeth and shineth : and ye were willing to rejoice for a season in his light. 36 But the witness whicli I have is greater than that of John: for the works which the Father hath given me to accomplish, the very works that I do, bear witness of me, that the Father hath sent me. Third : The Witness of the Scriptures. 3 7 And the Father which sent me, he hath borne witness of me. Ye have neither heard his voice at any time, nor seen his form. ^% And ye have not his word abiding in you: for whom he sent, him ye believe not. 39 Ye search the scrip- tures, because ye think that in them ye have eternal life; and these are they which bear witness of me ; 40 and ye will not come to me, that ye may have life. 41 I receive not glory from men. 42 But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in yourselves. 43 I am come in my Father's name, and ye receive me not: if another shall come in his own name, him ye will receive. 44 How can ye believe, which receive glory one of another, and the glory that cometh from the only God ye seek not? 45 Think not that I will accuse you to the Father: there is one that accuseth you, even Moses, on whom ye have set your hope. 46 For if ye believed Moses, ye would believe me; for he wrote of me. 47 But if ye believe not his writings, how shall ye believe my words ? John 5: 1-47 — "We see inore and more as we go on, that this Gospel makes no attempt to be a complete or connected whole. There are large gaps in the chronology. The Evangelist gives us not a biography, but a series of typical scenes, very carefully selected, and painted with great accuracy and minuteness, but not closely connected. Those words and works of Jesus, which seemed most calculated to convince man that He 'is the Christ, the Son of God,' were recorded by the beloved Apostle." (Rev. A. Plummer's St. John.) 50 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. §2. THE RETURN TO CAPERNAUM: A SABBATH IN MAY, A. D. 28. Jesus Defends His Disciples from the Charge of Sabbath-Breaking for Picking Corn on the Sabbath. MARK 2:23 And it came to pass, that he was going on the sabbath day through the cornfields; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of corn. 24 And the Pharisees said unto him : Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful? 25 And he said unto them: Did ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him? 26 How he entered into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest, and did eat the shewbread, which it is not lawful to eat save for the priests, and gave also to them that were with him? 2 7 And he said unto them : The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath: 28 so that the Son of man is lord even of the sab- bath. MATTHEW 12: I At that season Jesus went on the sabbath day through the cornfields ; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck ears of corn, and to eat. 2 But the Pharisees, when they saw it, said unto him: Behold, thy disciples do that which it is not lawful to do upon the sabbath. 3 But he said unto them: Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him; 4 how he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which it was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them that were with him, but only for the priests ? 5 Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath day the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are guiltless? 6 But I say unto you, that one greater than the temple is here. 7 But if ye had known what this meaneth, / desire mercy, and not sacrifice, (Hos. 6: 6) ye would not have condemned the guiltless. 8 For the Son of man is lord of the sabbath. LUKE 6: i Now it came to pass on a sabbath, that he was going through the cornfields; and his disciples plucked the ears of corn, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands. 2 But certain of the Pharisees said: Why do ye that which it is not lawful to do on the sab- bath day? Mark 2: 26, Matt. 12: .3, Luke 6: 3—80 the priest Rave him holy bread. I. Sam, 21: 6. And Aaron and his sons shall eat the * * * bread * * *; b^^ q. stranger shall not eat thereof; because they are holy. Ex. 29: 32, 33. THE MINISTRY IN GALILEE. 51 And Jesus answering them said : Have ye not read even this, what David did, when he was an hungred, he, and they that were with him; 4 how he entered into the house of God, and did take and eat the shewbread, and gave also to them, that were with him; which it is not lawful to eat save for the priests alone? And he said unto them; The Son of man is lord of the sabbath. §3. THE MAN WITH A WITHERED HAND AT CAPERNAUM. a. Jesus Heals a Man with a Withered Hand on the Sabbath and the Pharisees Plot with the Herodians to Slay Him. MARK 3 : I And he entered again into the synagogue ; and there was a man there which had his hand withered. 2 And they watched him, whether he would heal him on the sabbath day ; that they might accuse him. 3 And he saith unto the man that had his hand withered : Stand forth. 4 And he saith unto them: Is it lawful on the sabbath day to do good, or to do harm? to save a life, or to kill? But they held their peace. 5 And when he had looked round about on them with anger, being grieved at the hardening of their heart, he saith unto the man : Stretch forth thy hand. And he stretched it forth: and his hand was restored. 6 And the Pharisees went out, and straightway with the Herodians took counsel against him, how they might destroy him. MATTHEW 12:9 And he departed thence, and went into their synagogue: 10 and behold, a man having a withered hand. And they asked him, saying: Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day? that they might accuse him. 1 1 And he said unto them : What man shall there be of you, that shall have one sheep, and if this fall into a pit on the sabbath day, will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out? 12 How much then is a man of more value than a sheep ! Wherefore it is lawful to do good on the sabbath day. 13 Then saith he to the man: Stretch forth thy hand. And he stretched it forth; and it was restored whole, as the other. 14 But the Pharisees went out, and took counsel against him, how they might destroy him. LUKE 6 : 6 And it came to pass on another sabbath, that he entered into the synagogue and taught', and there was a man there, 52 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. and his right hand was withered. 7 And the scribes and the Pharisees watched him, whether he would heal on the sabbath ; that they might find how to accuse him. S But he knew their thoughts; and he said to the man that had his hand withered: Rise up, and stand forth in the midst. And he arose and stood forth. 9 And Jesus said unto them: I ask you, Is it lawful on the sabbath to do good, or to do harm ? to save a life, or to destroy it? 10 And he looked round about on them all, and said unto him: Stretch forth thy hand. And he did so: and his hand was restored. 11 But they were filled with madness; and communed one with another what they might do to Jesus. b, Jesus Makes His Escape from them. MATTHEW 12 : 15. And Jesus perceiving it withdrew from thence: and many followed him; 16 and he healed them all, and charged them that they should not make him known : 1 7 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying: 18 Behold, my servant whom I have chosen; My beloved in whom, m,y soul is well pleased: I will put my Spirit upon him, And he shall declare judge^nent to the Gentiles. IQ He shall not strive, nor cry aloud; Neither shall any one hear his voice in the streets. 20 A bruised reed shall he not break, And smoking flax shall he not quench. Till he send forth judgement unto victory. 21 And in his name shall the Gentiles hope. (Is. 42 : 1-3.) Mark 3 : 1 3 — We have now reached an important turning point in the Gospel His- tory, (i) The fame of the Saviour had spread abroad in every direction throughout the land, and the current of popular feeling had set strongly in His favor. But (ii) the animosity of the ruling powers had deepened in intensity alike in Judaea and Galilee, and an active correspondence was going on between the Scribes and Pharisees in both districts respecting Him. Meanwhile (iii) He Himself had seemed to stand almost alone. A few indeed had gathered round Him as His disciples, but as yet they did not present the appearance of a regular and organized body, nor had they received a distinct commission to disseminate His doctrines. Such a body was now to be formed. Such a commission was now to be given. Accordingly He retired to the mountain-range west of the Lake, and spent the whole night in prayer to God. The scene of His retire- ment and lonely vigil was in all i)robal)ility the singular elevation now known as the Karun Hattin, or "Horns of Hattin." the only conspicuous hill on the western side of the Lake. Then at the dawn of the following day he called and ordained twelve, join- ing them in a united band, that (i) they "might be with him," (ii) that He might "send them forth," and (iii) that they "might have power to cast out demons." The calling and training of the Twelve was one of the most important parts of our Lord's ministry. ( Tlu- Cambridf'.c Bible. ) B. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE KINGDOM: JULY, A. D. 28, TO JUNE, A. D. 29. From the Appointment of the Twelve Apostles, July, A. D. 28, to the Retreat into Phoenicia, June, A. D. 29. V. THE TWELVE APOSTLES. §1. THE WIDESPREAD FAME OF JESUS: JULY, A. D. 28. Jesus Goes from Capernaum out by the Seaside and Ministers to the People who have been Attracted by His Fame. MARK 3 : 7 And Jesus with his disciples withdrew to the sea : and a great multitude from Galilee followed: and from Judaea, and from Jerusalem, 8 and from Idumaea, and beyond Jordan, and about Tyre and Sidon, a great multitude, hearing what great things he did, came unto him. 9 And he spake to his disciples, that a little boat should wait on him because of the crowd, lest they should throng him: 10 for he had healed many; insomuch that as many as had plagues pressed upon him that they might touch him. 1 1 And the unclean spirits, whensoever they beheld him, fell down before him, and cried, saying: Thou art the Son of God. 12 And he charged them much that they should not make him known. LUKE 6:17. And he came down with them, and stood on a level place, and a great multitude of his disciples, and a great number of the people from all Judaea and Jerusalem, and the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, which came to hear him, and to be healed of their dis- eases; 18 and they that were troubled with unclean spirits were healed. 19 And all the multitude sought to touch him: for power came forth from him, and healed them all. §2. THE APPOINTMENT OF THE TWELVE: NEAR CAPERNAUM, JULY, A. D. 28. Jesus Retreats to a Mountain near Capernaum and after Spending a Night in Prayer Appoints Twelve of His Disciples to be Apostles. MARK 3:13 And he goeth up into the mountain, and calleth unto him whom he himself .would : and they went unto him. 14 And he appointed twelve, that they might be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach, 1 5 and to have authority to cast out devils : 16 and Simon he surnamed Peter; 17 and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and them he surnamed Boanerges, which is. Sons of thunder: 18 and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholo- (53) 54 THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST. mew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddxus, and Simon the Cananasan, and Judas Iscariot, 19 which also betrayed him. MATTHEW 5: I And seeing the multitudes, he went up into the mountain: and when he had sat down, his disciples came unto him. LUKE 6:12 And it came to pass in these days, that he went out into the mountain to pray; and he continued all night in prayer to God. 13 And when it was day, he called his disciples: and he chose from them twelve, whom also he named apostles; 14 Simon, whom he also named Peter, and Andrew his brother, and James and John, and Philip and Bartholomew, 15 and Matthew and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon which was called the Zealot, 16 and Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, which was the traitor. §3. THE ORDINATION OF THE TWELVE. Following the Appointment of the Twelve Jesus Addresses them Concerning their Character and Commission as Apostles. MATTHEW 5 : 2 And he opened his mouth and taught them, saying: 3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: For theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 4 Blessed are they that mourn: For they shall be comforted. 5 Blessed are the meek: For they shall inherit the earth. 6 Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteous- ness: For they shall be filled. 7 Blessed are the merciful: For they shall obtain inercy. 8 Blessed are the pure in heart: For they shall see God. 9 Blessed are the peacemakers: For they shall be called sons of God. 10 Blessed are they that have been persecuted for righteousness' sake: For theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 1 1 lilessed are ye when men shall reproach you, and per- secute you, and say all manner of evil against you falsely, Matthew 5: i — Matthew gives the names of the Twelve Apostles in connection with their mission to the Jews. See pages 80 and 237. Luke 6: 16 — Simon was a member of a Jewish party known as the Zealots which anjsc- to protest against the ascendency of the foreigner over the Jews. Matthew y. 2 cl scq. — "The Sermon on the Mount" (Matthew 5-7) is in reality a c