'Am,mmi^m<^ ^^^ Ecid.e Horth and Ea&fe.; ■ ,' .■:V;:v ;,••.; ^as-o«is?xt TB!]r3.ar. Bvilfcit looping Cfis^'b^^isai'tefe. 189 ^ Wit lie's ^Siii€l€ ^ S%i. &■ TO' '\l ^'^ mMi:^mMM ^?'?r. ■'• 3757! THE Clyde Steamship Go. flEW YORK, CHflRliESTOH flflD FliORlfifl IiIflES. TRI-WEEKI.Y SERVICE. FROM NEW YORK, PIKR 29 EAST RIVER, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, AT 3 P. M. FROM JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. FOR TIME OF SAILING SEE MONTHLY SCHEDULE. The Fleet performing this service is composed ol the following Elegant Steamships, each of which is equipped with every modern contriv- ance conducive to Convenience. Comfort and Pleasure: ALGONQUIN (New), CAPT. JOSEPH McKEE. CHEROKEE, CAPT. H. A. BEARSE. IROQUOIS. CAPT. L.W. PENNINGTON. YEMASSEE. CAPT. J. ROBINSON. SEMINOLE. CAPT. S. C. PLATT. DELAWARE, CAPT. I. K. CHICHESTER. Travel by Clyde Line to Charleston and New York, and All Points North and Northeast. ST. JOHNS RIVER LINE. THE ELEGANT IRON SIDE-WHEEL STEAMERS " CITY OF JflCKSONVIIiLE," Gapt. W. A. Shaui, " FRED'K DeBRRY," Capt. T. W. Lund, Jr., One of which is appointed to sail from Jacksonville, foot of Laura Street, Daily (except Saturday), at 3:30 P. M., for SANFORD, ENTERPRISE, and Intermediate Points on St. Johns River. Returning, leave Sanford at 9 A. M. and Enterprise at 9:30 A. M., daily (except Sunday). Passenger and Ticket Offict;. 88 West Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. FOR INFORMATION REGARDING FREIGHT OR PASSAGE, APPLY TO V. M. IROX.MOXJKK. .JR.. Florida Passenger Agent, SS West Bay St.. Jack.souville, Fla. J. M. I'KLOT, Freight Agent, on whari, foot of Hogan Street, Jacksonville, Fla, •lOH.N li. IIOW.\UI>. Florida Freight Agent, foot ol Laura Street. Jacksonville, Fla. .1. A. LKSLIK, Superintendent, fuoi of Laura Street, Jacksonville, Fla, THKO. U. K(iKl!. Traffic Manager, s Bowling Green New York, WM. P. CLYDE & CO., Gen 1 Agents, 12 South Wharves Philadelphia. 5 Bowling Green, New York. ■y/P L_ , ;_ o'' / -^^ r This volume is the property •fthft United States. 1890 -^-t^- <^5*^^ 1891 ^^:s Q^^ o o peoRiD/\ AND HHR PESO 1^58; J^isoAiKEicigf. JflCKSOflVlIiltE AND OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST TO THE TOURIST, INVALID, liiiiiiigraiit or S|)(ii1siiian, AND Houl to Reach Them. . WHITR, KSONVILLE, FLA. JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: DACOSTA PRINTING AND PUBLISHING HOUSE, 1890. fd a ■ny Ii^tFoductoFy. C^iy^X presenting" this work to the pubHc, we feel that those dis- c^sk posed to criticise may find an opportunity for the exercise ^^^ of that universal talent. An effort has been made to avoid a mass of dry facts and figures, or a collection of elaborate state- ments which will not stand inx'estigation. The historian and sta- tistician were looking for a better country than Florida when the work was begun, and up to the time of going- to press had not returned. What the writer has aimed at is the condensation of matter relative to Florida as the great sanitarium and orange grove of the world, which would suffice to fill volumes, and as there has been barely space to tell the truth in regard to the exciting history, the wonderful climate, rich soil, and boundless wealth of health and varied productions, as well as her remark- able progress, the following pages will be found worthy of confi- dence. For a like reason no attempt has been made to become enthusiastic, and the scenes described will be found to more than realize the accounts of their various attractions. J. W. WHITE. •H^ plorida. f^^ HERE earth is an Eden, the climate a balm; Bright hues deck the fields, and aloft waves the palm; O'er the hammocks its perfume the jasmine flings; To the live-oak the solemn gray drapery clings; Wide tlie "cypress its vast leafy canopy throws; And in loveliness blossoms the Florida Rose. The great State of Florida is a region of not only wonderful pos- sibilities, but great prob- abilities. In its mild, healthy and equable climate, exempt alike from the rigorous win- ters of the ice-bound North and the heated ^ V^ ^"^,.i. ^ f ' #7 summers of less favored sections ; in its bound- less wealth of luscious fruits, agricultural products, lumber, phos- phate, fish and other important productions, there is that which is real, solid, hopeful. Others have gone through the dark days of anxiety, and the thorns of pioneering are removed. The doubtful period is past, and the future beams forth like the sun in heaven. Among the thousands who have found homes of peace and plenty many have become rich, while all have been made content. Man\- thousands more will quickly follow the in- spiration of such an alluring example. During the next twent}' years Florida will be the theatre of many vast public enterprises. Fortunes will be made in every nook and corner, and in every industry, and thousands now living will yet acquire and enjoy the luxuries of wealth. Cities yet unborn will be built and pop- ulated where now are virgin forests. This has been the history of all the older sections of our Union. While recollecting that "history repeats itself," the restless reader, looking from his Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 4 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA quiet home "back West or East" toward a new home, should carefully ponder over a still more important fact ; that is, that Florida is infinitely superior in climate and in all resources which go to make up great States and thrifty people to any region of similar extent on earth. Every new comer cannot gain fame and riches here, but he can gain a good livelihood, and will, all the time, have the consciousness of being identified with a region whose glories he can proudly proclaim at all times and in all lands. There is but one Florida, and she offers to the tourist, inva- lid, immigrant or sportsman a balm which will lengthen life and enrich the fleeting hours. It is the best inheritance bequeathed by the Father to His children ; long reserved, but revealed at this day, possessing treasures such as none of her sister States possess or can secure. Some would compare Florida with Italy. There can be no comparison, except by contrast. Ital)' is a region of hills and mountains, snow- capped during a part of the year. Florida is nearly a plain, and in most of it snow was never seen. Florida is a peninsula, and extends into the warmest portion of the ocean and on the border of the trade winds ; its breezes are tempered by the genial equability of the Gulf stream. Spain and the Grecian Isles compare with Italy as to climate and productions. Florida stands alone ; no place can be com- pared to her. Her highest praise is to call her by Jier ozvn beau- tiful Castiliaii iiajiie, Florida! No country can be like Florida, and she needs no gems borrowed from another's crown. Florida differs from all other countries and States ; it differs from itself in regions and parallels, as if to supply the desires of all choosing to locate within its borders. In Florida may be found locations suited to the tastes and desires of every would- be resident, and every production the agriculturist may desire to grow. Between twenty-five degrees and thirty-one degrees north latitude, and between eighty degrees and eighty-eight degrees west longitude from Greenwich lies the State of Florida, con- taining 58,680 square miles, 4,440 square miles being water sur- face, and the remaining 54, 240 square miles land surface, or 34,- 713,600 acres. The peninsular portion, measuring from the northern bound- ary, extends south about 400 miles, with an average width of about 100 miles. The northern part of the State extends from the Atlantic westward along the southern boundary of the States of ^QJ^Visit Oreeii Cove Spring:s, a delightful Retreat for the Tourist, IiivalitI, Inuuiifrant or Sportsman. E.\«*elleiit Hotels, the IJorden Parks, Fine Fishing an«l Hunting;. Kea<-he»l by Steamer or Train. AND HER FAMOUS RESORTS. Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 6 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA Georgia and Albama about 375 miles, with a width to the Gulf of from forty to ninety miles. The average altitude of Florida, as set forth in Toner's Dic- tionary of Elevations, is sixty feet above the level of the sea. Louisiana, the next lowest, averages seventy-five feet above the level of the sea. The largest portion of the territory of all the States on the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida is less than 300 feet above the sea level by this authority. Many are of the impression that high places are the most healthy, but this is not always true, and is not the testimony of experience in Florida. Sometimes the lower places in the same neighborhood have had quite the advantage in point of health. In the Old World some healthful and fertile localities are below the level of the sea, as the Valley of the Jordan, more than 1,000 feet below the surface of the Mediterranean Sea, the shores of the Caspian Sea; and portions of Holland have been reclaimed from the ocean by its dykes. With a coast line of almost 1,200 miles, accessible with small boats all along the shore, the long, narrow peninsula of Florida puts its whole surface in near approach to the commerce of the ocean. A number of the best harbors of the United States are on the coast of Florida, and, with an equitable expenditure upon them, will have a larger number of ports accessible to ocean steamers than any other State. Nineteen of the rivers of Flor- ida are already navigable by steamers to the distance, in the ag- gregate, of over 1,000 miles. These streams, in some instances, flowing entirely across the State, make transportation available to extensive areas, and, in almost every instance, have at their mouths such harbor facilities as make coastwise navigation to vessels of moderate draught safe and active. HISTORY. "Oh, Florida, romantic land, Enraptured, I thy praises sing; For Nature smiles on every hand. And winter is as fair as spring." ?|5^HE history of Florida begins with its discovery by Juan Ponce de Leon, which dates as early as 15 12. Its then unmolested shores were discovered on the 27th day of March by this adventurous navigator, who landed his craft on the 2d day of April following, near where the city of Fernan- dina now stands. There seems, however, to have been no attempt made to establish a settlement at that point at the time. Ponce Hai^Visit Gri'en Cove .Springs, a rtelisrhtfnl Retreat for tlie Tourist, I Malid Immigrant or Sportsman. KxteUent Hotels, the Horden Parks, Fine Fishing and Hunting. Keaehed by Steamer or Train. AND HER FAMOUS RESORTS. de Leon was first made Governor of the territory by the Spanish government in the year 1521 ; yet there is no record of any note- worthy progress having been made until 1565, when Pedro Me- nendez sailed from Cadiz, Spain, on the 1st of July; arrived at ON THE ST. JOHNS. St. Augustine Bay August 28th, and, on the 29th of the same month, founded the cit)' of St. Augustine, which place is reputed to be by far the oldest town in the United States, being certainly the most ancient in Morida, and figuring the most prominently TakVtheYAVANNAH, FLORIDA^WESTERN HAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 8 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA in the early history of the State. Other discoveries were made along the coast of Florida, at various points, subsequent to that made by Ponce de Leon, by other noted navigators whose names are familiar. The early history of Florida was not one of rapid and en- couraging development, as the progress of the colony during the successive territorial administrations was of but little consequence to the foreign powers under whose control the territory remained. The most important of the changes of ownership through which Florida has passed was that effected by the treaty of February 22, 1 8 19, between John Ouincy Adams, Secretary of State of the United States, and Louis de Onis, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Spain, by which Spain ceded the Floridas, East and West, to the United States, the Territory being admitted into the Union in 1845. Spain controlled the territory from the discovery by Ponce de Leon up to the year 1763, at which time the Floridas, East and West, were ceded to Great Britain, Florida being subject to British au- thority until 1783. Great Britain, however, had lost her thirteen American colonies in the war of 1876, and her government re- ceded the Floridas to Spain in 1783. Thus for more than 250 years Florida was in the grasp of powers indifferent to its wel- fare and progress, as they regarded it at too great a distance from their local interests to promise advantage from immigration and settlement. From the time that Florida was admitted into the Union up to the present the increase in wealth and population has been truly wonderful, and it is safe to predict that the future will be full of heaven's richest blessings. The population of the State in 1830, and at the close of each decade since, was as follows: 1830 37.730 1840 54,477 1850 87,445 i860 140,424 1870 187,748 1880 269,490 And in 1890, with a careful count, would reach above 400,- 000; a fact which every citizen should feel justly proud of The history of Florida has been full of progress, and the time is not far distant when Florida will hold the proud position she is des- tined to fill — the brightest star in the Union. jai^Visit Green Cove Springs, a delis'htfnl Ketreat lor the Tourist, Invalid, Immigrant or Sportsman. Kxfellent Hotels, tlie l5or«len Parks, Fine Fishing and Hunting. Keaclieil by Steamer oi- Train. AND HER FAMOUS RESORTS. CLIMATE. KMowest thou the laud where the le:iioii trees bloom. Where the goU\ or iiiire srrows in the yreeii thickt-t'^ tfloom, Where tlie wind ever s ift from the blue hfaveii blows Anil^T"(-r )fiii\itli ludo'in^i ml ~ ^ LOKIDA has many attractions, but the ciown and pearl of them all is her incomparable climate. So ge- nial and balmy is it that in winter, as well as summer, ^ even invalids can li\^e an out-door life, breathe the pure, bracing- air, and bask in the warm sunshine. Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN JaKwaY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. lO WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA Hjestern Haitaay of f lorida. Lake S^i)ta pe RoUte, The only Rail Line to Melrose and the Finest Lake Region of Florida. Unexeelled flttraetions for Tourist and Sportsman. HUNTING AND FISNING UNSURPASSKD. Melrose, situated on Lake Santa Fe, sur- rounded by beautiful clear water lakes and orange groves, is indisputably one of the healthiest places in the State. THE NEW HOTEL SANTA FE, Open Nov. 1 5 under popular management. PARLOR CARS ON ALL TRAINS WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE. Direct connection at Green Cove Springs with the J. T. & K. W. Ry. and steamers on St. Johns River. L. E. RARKER, General Superintendent. g^t^yisit <;i«cii < o\«- Springs, a ence. 105 10 95 105 105 105 — 05 no 105 — 10 115 100 — 20 120 105 — 20 125 105 — 25 130 IIO — 20 130 105 — 30 135 IIO -25 135 105 -35 140 1 10 - 30 140 105 — 35 140 115 — 30 145 ' IIO — 45 155 IIO — 45 155 115 — 45 160 115 -50 165 Much more might be said of our climate, but space forbids. We can only add, come and see. HEALTH. " And the pale health-seeker findeth there The wine of life in its pleasant air." EALTH is the chief aim of humanity, or, at least, it should be, for without it all of the favors lavished upon our de- voted heads by Dame Nature amount to naught ; they are fleeting and transitory, and are banished by the first ap- pearance of the demon of ill health. You may be surrounded Take the SAVAn¥ah7^FL0RIDA iTWES TERNRAIL WAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 14 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA lli:|JiJH|IJiriJiJJIJi!|i l:JIJJIJ I lii|i l/ljlj.lljlll|illj|ii|ll|ii|il|r|j|i.|. |::|.|| |i |i |! |l |i|| irHnll r I J I^IJ tIJ I I I I I I I I I I III I IJ ]VIEHHlIiIi"STEVEflS E^GlilEEHlNG CO., A.D.STEVENS, J. EUGEN E M ER R I LL. A.R.MERRILL. Ileal aoil Elemrii RON AND STEEL FORCING, BOILER MAKING. Boilers and Engines, Phosphate Dredging, Mining and Drying Machinery. MARINE WORK A SPECIALTY. Workmen Sent to Any Part of the State. SECOND-HAND MACHINERY BOUGHTISOLD. WRITE FOR ESTIMATES AND PRICES. Office and Shops: 138 & 140 E. Bay Street, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. I I I I I I I I ■- I I I > I I I I I 1 .1 ii ii I I, . ■ .. . ■ '. . ■ . 1 . . . ■ . 1 1 . . . . . . . ■ s . ■' . . \ . L ■ :^ . I r - L 'i . J - J ,IJI III 111 III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -A iMt Green Cove Springs, a ilelishttul lietreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Immigrant or Sportsman. Kxcellent Hotels, the Borden Parks, iFine Fish- ing antl Hunting, Ke.iched by Steamer or Train. AND HER FAMOUS RESORTS, 15 by all mundane luxuries, and imagine yourself in the seventh heaven of happiness, when the stinging pangs of rheumatism, the choking hand of asthma, or the dread reflection that your chief heritage on earth is a pulmonary disease, comes to you and banishes pleasure as rapidly as our Florida sunshine and resinous breezes banish the pallor from the cheeks of the "puny" and paint them with the roseate hue of health. This, then, is the chief point to be considered when you contemplate a remo\-al from your land of ice and snow to one of perpetual sunshine' and summer — ■' To a land by orange blossoms shaded, Where summer ever lingers on the^ir." Do not think, however, that our climate is only healthy be- cause it is warm, or that all warm climates are healthy, for they, most emphatically, are not. But when you find a place where sudden changes of the temperature are rarely known, where there is no stagnant water and decaying vegetation to breed malarial diseases, where the land is high and dry and swept continually by ocean winds, you may be satisfied that you have found a healthy location, and make your plans accordingly. People in the last stages of that most flattering of all diseases — consumption — are prone to be hopeful, and annually many of Take the SAVANNAH, ~FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. l6 white's guide to FLORIDA Koraabrens' Steam Bottling Works. -AGENT FOR- F.W.GooKBniWilioiiipaiiy'sBeeF, AND MANUFACTURER OF Soda Water, Sarsaparilla, Ginger Ale, Seltzer, And Syrups of all Kinds, AND DEALER IN BOTTLED BEER IN PINTS AND HALF PINTS. 72 EAST BAY ST., Meyer & Muller Block, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. THE TAILOR, BURBRIDGE BLOCK. MAIN ipine) STREET. xJaGkisonYille, Florida. FINEST WORK. LOWEST PRICES. LATEST STYLES. EVERYTHING AS REPRESENTED. Iron and Brass poander and fflaehinist. Engines, Saw Mills, Pumps and Machinery in General Repaired at Short Notice. Iron and Brass Castings Made to Order. 136 East Bay Street, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. f3^-Vi.sit ars and Tobacco, EGGS AND POULTRY A SPECIALTY. FISH AND OYSTERS IN THEIR SEASON. Free Delivery to Any Part \>f the City. REMEMBER THE PLACE, Cor. Adams and Bridge Sts., Jacksonville, Fla. W. p. SUMNEK^ Wholesale Dealer in FINE BUTTER AND CHEESE, GROCERIES, 54 W. Bay Street, Jacksonville, Fla. AGENT FOR Elgin Condensed Milk, York State and Elgin Butter, York State and Sheboygan Cheese. ^l^^Visit Oreen Cove Springs, a delishttiil lictreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Ininiigrant or Sportsman. Kxcelient Hotels, tlie Borden Parks, Fine Fish- ing and Hunting, lie died hy Steamer or Train. AND HER FAMOUS RESORTS. 23 are not apt to be impressed, in such casual inspection with their real worth. The white sand on the immediate surface is taken as conclusive testimony against them ; but that is not all sand which, in the careless glance, appears to be. In a large portion of the State this sand is mixed with finely comminuted bits of shells or carbonate of lime. The second-class pine lands, which have been adjudged b}' competent authority to be in the largest proportion, are all pro- ORANGE GROVE (On the F. C. & P. R. R.). ductive. They are not hilly, but, for the most part, undulating in their surface. Some of the sand hills of Hernando County are regarded among the highest points in the State. Underlying the surface is clay, marl, lime-rock and sand. These lands, from their accessibility and productiveness, the facility of fertilizing with cattle, and the impression of their healthfulness above hammock- lands, have induced their enclosure and tillage, when the richer hammock lands were near by, but more difficult to prepare for cultivation. Take the SAVANNAH, FLORID^ & WESTERN JaILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 24 WHITES GUIDE TO FLORIDA Are You Going to Paper ? IF SO, GO TO KOBINSON'S, 15 W. Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla., and 45 Charlotte St., St. Augustine, AND SEE HIS LARGE NEW STOCK OF WALL PAPER ROOM MOULDINGS, CORNICE POLES, WINDOW SHADES, ETC. SEND FOR SAMPLES AND PRICES. First-Olass Work Guaranteed, and Prices Lower than anywhere else in the State. HEADQUARTERS FOB, Wines, Liquors t Beers, IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC. JUG TRADE SOLICITED. Special Attention given to all Mail Orders. A. K. LEON, 18 WEST BAY ST., JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. TELEPHONE 297. JP^~Vi.sit Gr«-fii <'ov«> .Springs, a <)«'lii;iittiil lietreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Iiiiiiiiuraiit or Sportsman. Kxcellent llotels, the Uortlen Parks, l<"ine Fishing and Ilunting. ICeached by Steaniei- or Train. AND HER FAMOUS RESORTS. 2$ FLOI(IDA'^ A(3l(I(]ULTUI(AL pi(ODU(JTg. January: Plant Irish potatoes, Cabbage, peas, egg plants, tomatoes. February; Fruits and vines, Onions, melons, and grapes for wines. March; Corn, oats and fine spring wheat. And all that man or beast can eat. April: Millet and lady peas: Dig Irish potatoes and hive your bees. May: Plant pepper and finger-tips, And lay for sweet potato slips. June: Once more turn up the ground, And sow and reap, an endless round July: Trees may now be set, The soil, from kindly rains, is wet. August: Harvest, one and all! Sow turnips and cauliflowers for fall. September: Spring is here again ; Now put your winter garden in. October: 'Neafh this genial sky Sow oats and barley, wheat and rye. November: Plant as heretofore, Sow and reap, .still more aad more. December: Ditch, manure and drain. For lo! sweet spring is here again. 'HOSE who have never carefully considered the statistics of the State have but little idea of what the State pro- duces annually. A large amount of long and short staple cotton is grown, both of which do well here, especially the former. The sugar industry is being awakened, and considerable cap- ital is being invested in machinery for its manufacture. The re- claimed lands of the State are well adapted to raising cane. At present it is grown all over the State for domestic purposes, each farmer having his own mill and evaporator, and making his own syrup and sugar, besides some for sale. Sugar cane grows bet- ter in Florida than anywhere else in the United States, the canes often growing twelve feet high, while in Louisiana the}' rareh" grow over five feet. Corn is the greatest cereal crop of Florida, and some of our farmers produce as many as from 2,000 to 4,000 bushels annu- ally, and at the rate of from twelve to sixty bushels per acre. Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 26 white's guide to FLORIDA Dr, Geo. C, Mathews, Physician and Surgeon, 46 WEST DUVAL STREET OFFICE HOURS: 12 TO 1, 2 TO 4, 7 TO 8 P. M. Telephone 215 J.A. DOHM. G. L. DOHM. CITY MARKET, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN ^m York Ghleago JVleats. -ALSO ST:^AT^ AGB.MT© FOR NELSON, MORRIS &, CO., CHICAGO. P. O. Box 44. Telephone 218. JACKSONVILLE, FLA. -Visit (jirt'eii Cove Springs, a (leliijlitriil Ketreat for the Tourist. Invalihtfnl Ketreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Iiiiiuii^raiit or Sportsman. Kxeellent Hotels, tlie Borortsniaii. P'xoelloiit Hot<'l.s, the Borden Parks, Fine Fishing anurt.sii)aii. Kxeelleiit Kotils, tlie Borileii Jt arks, Fine Fishing and Hunting. Keaclied hy Steamer ami Train. AND HKK FAMOUS RESORTS. 43 species cf the citrus family, as they have very few, if any, char- acteristics of the common oranges. Small to medium size, flat- tened at the blossom end, or shaped like a tomato ; skin rather smooth, ribbed, and, when the fruit is mature, it parts readily from the pulp. Pulp rather coarse, sections separate readily with- out breaking the membrane; juicy, sweet, aromatic and deli- cious. Ripens in December, and prime in January. There are numberous varieties of this fine fruit, from the very small to large ; skin usually bright or orange, with small dark speckles, and the odor, on breaking the skin, is strong, pungent and dis- agreeable. Dancy's Tangerine differs from the ordinary fruit only in color of the rind, which is a deep crimson. Tree usually very thorn}-, leaves small, willow shaped, and branches slender and dark hue. SATSUMA. — This is a late importation from Japan. Fruit much larger than the foregoing, but of same species and many of the characteristics. Tree a slow grower, branches drooping, thornless, and fruit seedless ; earh' and prolific bearer ; bears second year after budding on four or five-year-old stock. Tree very hardy, leaves large and leather)', and will stand a low de- gree of temperature without injury. On account of its hardi- ness, disposition to dwarf, fine quality of fruit, early ripening — December — this should become a popular variety, and be largely planted. There are many other varieties of the orange which are, doubtless, equal, in many respects, to some we have mentioned above, but these we know to be all that is claimed for them, and a person owning a grove planted with a due proportion of the varieties here described need look no farther for quality of fruit. Here we have varieties ripening from October to April, which ought to satisfy the taste and mind of all lovers and growers of the golden fruit. PEACHES. The introduction of the Chinese strain of peaches and their offspring in the last few years, together with their marked suc- cess wherever planted in the State, has given great impetus to tree planting, and hundreds of acres have been set out, which have generally come into bearing the second year. The small Peen-to peach of several years ago has been brought up, by cultivation, to nearly twice its former size, and of a delicious flavor, having none of the bitter taste which for- merly characterized this fruit. This variety is the first to ripen. Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 44 white's GUinK to Florida A. S. WAHGE, Book and Job Printing -• -o IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, o •- HOTEILa work a SPRGIALaXY. MANUFACTURER OF RUBBER STAMPS AND STENCILS. Paper Bags, Butter Dishes. Groecrtj. Butcher and Butter Paper, DAY ATSTD PASS BOOKS, ETC. NEW YORK PRICES ON THE ABOVE. 72'^ W. Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. FHESH STOCK. LARGE VARIETY. CAMPBELL'S ADDITION, JACKSONVILLE, MANUFACTURERS OF PURE CONFECTIONERY, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. All Goods Gu air an teed. PURE GOODS. LOWEST PRICES. ROBBINS & HARWICK, Attorneys-at-Law, ^ — Notary Public. 64', AATEST BAY STREET, Jacksonville, Florida. N. BACKENSTOE, Cor. State and Newnan Streets, Fancy and Family Groceries, Tobacco t Cigars, Hay '^ Grain. LOWEST PRICES FOR FIRST-CLASS GOODS. /^]6P"> isit <;i-.»ii <:<(v«' S|)iiii!;s. a del i .;lit ( ill lletieat l..r the roiiri.st. I ali«l liriiiiii;i-Hiit or Spoi tsiuaii. Kx.ellciit llol.ls. tlie !J<>rriiigs, a tlelighttiil Ketreat for tin* Tourist, Iiivali.l Immii^rant or Sportsman. K.xcellent Hotels, the Borden Tarks, Fine Fisli- iig and H iinting'. Ke c)ied by Steamer or Train. AND lll'.K lAMOl S Ki;s()Kr: 49 THE PINEAPPLE. The profitable cultivation of the pineapple must be practi- cally confined to that portion of the State generally exempt from even sh\,dit frosts. With some protection they are raised as far north as Orange County, and in some favored positions have been long grown even where slight frosts are common ; but we may be sure the pine will always continue to assert its tropical character. The English gardeners of the last century thought it the height of horticultural skill to produce pines in their cool, damp climate under glass, and, as usual, the directions they have left us are so conflicting as to be far from edifying. And we meet with a similar conflict of ideas here in regard to the culture of PIXl-.Al-ri.K PLANT AND FRIIT. the pine. It is not eas\-, without more experience than we have, to sift out the wheat from the chaff. There are a few things that seem very well settled, and these shall have our notice. It is evident here that the high, light, dry, sandy soil is pref- erable to the shell, or even the richest hammock lands, for the culture of the pine. Also, that the shelter belts, so much needed by the banana, are positively injurious to the pine. This is spe- cialh' true when the shelter belts are on the east or north sides of a pine field. The\' are not injuretl by the shade, but by the hot sun and still air. While there are many varieties of the pine clamoring for no- tice, there seems as yet to be no one that can be trusted to take the place of the common Red Spanish for a general crop. There are larger, sweeter and more delicious pines in experimental cul- tivation, and vet, as far as we know, we have to name each with Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 50 white's guide to FLORIDA ASHLEY & CROSBY, DEALERS IN FINE FAMILY GROCERIES, GANDIRS, NUTS, Cii^ars, Tobacco and Country Produce. Also, FINE STOCK OF FRESH MEATS. EVERYTHING AT REASONABLE PRICES. Corner Brovigh and Maggie Streets. FREE DELIVEBY. S. J. BOUKNIGHT, LAND AND LOAN BROKER, AND GENERAL DEALER IN CITY PROPERTY. 5>^ EAST BAY STREET. JAGKSONVILaLaR, FLA. NEGOTIATING LOANS A SPECIALTY. THE OLD RELIABLE SQUARE DEALING CLOTHING HOUSE! AARON ZAGHARIAS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN MEN'S AND BOYS' CLOTHING, Hats, Caps, Gent's Furnishing> Goods, Trunks, Valises, Umbrellas. 1 7 W. Bay St., 1 3 Lemon St., Magnolia St., Jacksonville, Fla. Palatka, Fla. Ocala, Fla. •Visit Green Cove Springs, a tlelightfiil Retreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Immigrant or Sportsman. Excellent Hotels, the Borden Parks, Fine Fishing and Hunting. Reached by Steamer and Train. AXI) II KK I AMOLS RESORTS. ^l a qualifying- but. It may give us a liint. perhaps, to simply say that while the old pine growers upon the keys are always ready to sell us new varieties at speculative prices, they plant their own acres with Red Spanish. Verj' likely this is not an accident or a short-sighted economy. From their stand-point they only choose what to them seems the better. Our experience encourages the planting of slips and suckers immediately after picking, not leaving them to dry, as is some- times done, for weeks. And in so doing we prefer not to trim them. This is opposed to the general practice. Again, suck- ers are sold at higher prices than the slips, but for our planting the latter are preferable. New plantations are made usually from August to October. The slips, growing out at the base of the fruit ; the suckers, which spring from the axils of the leaves near the ground, and the crowns, from the apex of the fruit, are all used in making new plantations. When the fruit is gathered the slips are left for a month, or more, upon the stem to grow. Such slips as are un- avoidably broken off with the fruit, if slips are scarce, can be planted immediately, though they may be small. I^ach plant will send up from one to three suckers from near the ground. The one nearest the ground should be left for the next crop, the others removed and planted. A part of the suckers will produce small fruit the following sea.son, and, as a result, such plants are weak. The slips will require eighteen months to develop fruit, but the plants will be strong, and the fruit large. The first crop is usually the most even and abundant. How long a plantation can be kept in profitable bearing is not yet certain. On the com- mon white sand, with only ordinary care, three good successive crops have been grown, with present prospects of a fair fourth crop. The culture of the pine is extending ver}' rapidl}' along the eastern coast of Florida from h2den, on the Indian Ri\er, south. Many acres are already planted on Lake Worth. For several years the growing of pines has been the leading industry upon the keys. Unfortunately, most of the earlier plantations of pines upon this coast were made upon unsuitable soil. Our people are beginning to realize the importance of a more intensive sys- tem of culture. This promises well for our future. GUAVAS. The guava is grown to quite an extent. especiall\- in the southern part of the State, where the crop is trul)- wonderful. The guava is one of the finest fruits grown for jell\-. Take the SAVANNAHVyLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Thpouqh Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 52 white's guide to FLORIDA SHORT ACCOUNTS MAKE LONG FRIENDS. c- u , W, White The largest Advertising man in the State. All kinds of Advertisiug done £2 promptly. Correspondent tor newspapers in different | ss sections of the country. ^^ ' -a x>- JACKSONVILLE, FLA. | c^ THE CARLBTON HOUSE Barber Shop and Bathing Establishment. HOT, COLD AND SHOWER BATHS. ONE OF THE FINEST TONSORIAL PARLORS IN THE SOUTH, AND ONE PRICE ONLY. No. 35 East Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. C. L. DECKER, Proprietor. IBTJ^S" OIF" The Leading Furniture House of tlie State, AND SAVE MONEY. Largest Stock South of Baltimore. Latest Designs in Parlor and Bedroom Suites in Antique Oak, Mahogany, Cherry, Walnut and Imitation. Hall Stands, Bed Lounges, Willow, Reed and Rattan Goods, Desks of all kinds and Styles. We sell you the Best Goods for the Least Money. HOUSEFURNISHING GOODS OF ALL KINDS. Carpets, Mattings, Curtains, Window Shades, Hanging Lamps, China and Crockery Sets, Tin Toilet Sets, Mirrors, Curtain Poles and Brackets. Hotels. Boarding Houses, .Slui)s, Steamers. Offices and Private Residences Furnished from Top to Bottom. 40 and 42 W. Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. Correspondence Solicited. JSB^Visit (Jreeii Cove Sprinsjs, a (l«'liy;htfiil Ketreat for tlie •onrist, Iiivalul, I luiuigrant or Sportsman. Excellent Hotels, the Borden Parks, I'ine Fishing and Hunting:. Keached by Steamer or Train. AND HKK l-AMOLS KKSOKTS. THl-: NDKli'N Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 54 white's guide to Florida SEASON OF 1890-91. THE THE AGWIE openalltheyear AGME ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 100 GUESTS. Furnished Rooms 50c. to $1.00 per Day, $2.00 to $5.00 per Week. Restaurant in connection on European and American Plan. Refitted and Refurnislied witli entirely new Fnrnitnre tlirougJiont. Centrally located, convenient to Depot and Boat Landings. No. 1 1 1 WEST BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. H. A. BURT, Proprietor. -Visit (ireeii <'ove Spriiisis. a «lelis:htt'iil Ket reat for the Tourist, luvaliil, Iniiniiji-Hiit or Sportsman. Kx<-ell**iir Hotels, th»' Borden Parks, Fine Fishing an«l Huntini;. Keai'lietl by Steamer or Train. AND IIF.K l-\\MOL"S KKSOKTS. 55 PEARS. Very large orchards of LeConte pears are being set out, es- pecially in that section of the State known as Middle Florida, Other varieties are being tested, but are not as prolific as the LeConte. FIGS. This is rightly considered as one of Florida's neglected fruits. for it is known to the oldest inhabitant in some way or other. New varieties have been introduced, and it is claimed that we have the true fig of commerce. The White Adriatic is a most delicious fruit, and is good for either drying or table use. The drying and preserving of figs should be one of I'lorida's indus- tries. As the fruit becomes better known, and the little care re- quired to raise it realized, the evaporation of figs must become a business that will retain many a dollar that is now sent to for- eign lands. GRAPES. After patient experimenting, a number of x^arieties of grapes have been found to do exceedingly well, and all over the State growers are increasing their vineyards, and, although a new in- dustry, bids fair to be a source of great revenue to the State, as they ripen early in our climate, and alwa\'s demand a good price. BANANAS. The banana is another of our beautiful fruit-bearing plants, and the numerous varieties may be found in nearly every garden from Jacksonville to the southernmost part of the State. The two principal varieties grown are the Horse and the Lady Finger. The plant often grows to a great height, presenting a most beau- tiful appearance. MANGO. There are sex'cral varieties of this fruit, as with others, but the tree, did it bear no fruit, would be very desirable for its beau- tiful shape and rich foliage, the leaves forming a star at the end of every twig. The fruit has a large seed, and the pulp is filled with a coarse fiber. The kinds having little fiber are consitlered the best. This variety is known in the \\'est Indies as No. 1 1. There are quite a number of varieties grown in the southern part of Florida, but the one which seems to be the fa\'orite is the Apricot mango. Tak^the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 56 white's guide to Florida Established New York, 1854. Established Jacksonville, Fla., 1873. THOMAS NOONBY & SONS, WHOLESALE COMMISSION MERCHANTS IK, AND SHIPPERS OF, Foreign and Domestic Fruits and Produce, 1 2 EAST BAY STREET, 181 Reade Street, New York. JACKSONVILLE, FLA. All orders for Shipping promptly attended to. Consign- ments of Produce and Fruits are solicited. RETURNS MADE ON DAY OF SALE. Thos. Noonev. Chas a. Xooney. Frank Nooney. NEW INDEPENDENT LINE STEAMERS. MANATEE. MARY DRAPER. Jacksonville, Hibernia, Orange Park, Mandarin, Magnolia, Switzerland, and all way landings. LEAVE JACKSONVILLE at - - 2.30 p. m. Daily. LEAVE GREEN COVE at - - 6.30 a. m. Daily. Steamer Mary Draper for charter for Hunting, Fishing and Excursion Parties. Office and Pier, foot of Main Street, Jaeksoiiville. ('. E. GARNER, (leiieral Manager. ^I^Visit Green Cove Springs, a delijfhtful Retreat for the Tonrist, Invalid, Immigrant, or Sportsm in. Kxcellent Hotels, the Horden Parks, Fine Fisli- ine- and Hnntinj;. Ueaelied by Steamer or Train. f :N\ k? re >->*t:'«!*'>4i(i^'5 ■'/trrn^'"' ' 'VvjTf^rr .-^ ^^E^ -_>^.^ '^4^-r4> .r3^: ■'/ ^■';.l^^^^ liANANA CKOVE. Ta^e the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 58 WHITES GUIDE TO FLORIDA WILLIAM CLARKE 52 W. FORSYTH ST, Plumber and Gas Fitter. Fine Gas Fixtures and Plumbing Materials of all kinds. Agent for the Globe Ventilator and Chimney Cap For ventilation of ])ul)lif and private l)nil(lin.i;s, sehool houses, eluirehes, mills, machine sliojts. round houses, railroad cars. etc. Downward (h'afts of chimneys and car lamps cured. Noiseless, sim- ple, durahle. stationary, storm proof, handsome and chea]). Also, agent for TUERK WATER MOTOR, For nmuiu'.j,- li,i;lit m irhinery of all kinds. Tlie best in the market. £|^\ isil Gi«M'ii < ove S|)riiif;.s. :i r Steamer. AND IlKK FAMOUS KKSOKTS. 59 PAWPAW. ( Curica papaya. ) Tin's is not the fruit known b)- tliat name in the Southern and Eastern States. It is a native of South America, and is sometimes called the Bread Fruit tree. This fruit is not grown so much for its eatin^- qualities as for its wonderful properties. However, it is sometimes eaten raw, and has a flavor something like the muskmelon. The milky juice is used in cooking all kinds of tough meats. A little of the juice is put in witli the meat and stewed for a few minutes, making it very tender and palatable. Meat laid between its bruised leaves is said to ab- sorb enough of its juice to make it tender, especialK' with steaks. Its medicinal qualities are equall)' wontlerful. the juice of a green fruit being one of the best \'ermifuges known, and the leaves are used in the West Indies in washing, instead of soap. ANONA. There are some forty varieties of this famil3^ and Florida lays claim to some of the best, such as the sugar apple [A. squa- mosa), sour sap {A. iiiitricata), cherimoya or Japan apple {A. cJicriniolid), and others. The sugar apple could be grown over a considerable portion of the State, as it seldom grows over four feet high, and could be protected from cold the same as the guava. ArroA\Toot and cassava are two of the best starch-yielding plants in the United States, and the)' grow to perfection here. The date palm is one of the most magnificent fruit-bearing- trees within our borders. Its long, graceful, verdant, ever-chang- ing branches make it a beaut}' to behold. It is grown as far north as St. Augustine, and gives a rich and picturesque appearance to every garden in which it is planted. There is no fruit tree on the continent that combines such rare beauty and rich foliage with its fruit-producing qualities. SAPODILLA. [Ac/iras Sapota. ) Tliis fruit is grown somewhat extensi\'ely along the coast ot South Florida and upon the keys. Its profitable culture will, doubtless, b^ confined to about the same limits with the cocoa- nut. The tree grows at first quite slowly, but when once estab- lished it grows more rapidly, and soon makes a conical tree about twenty feet in height. The leaves are thick, smooth, and ver\- Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 6o white's guide to FLORIDA C. A. GAMBRILL MANUFACTURING CO, PROPRIETORS OF THE PatapsGo ^ FloaFing ^ ]Vlills, BALaTL'IMORK, md. ESTABLISHED 1774. Patapsco's Superlative Patent, THE PREMIER FLOUR OF AMERICA, AND Medora Hig'liest Grade of Winter Wheat. Bread made from these Flours cannot be excelled for richness and .sweetness l)y any other Flour in the United States. Try them. Ask your dtrocer for them, and take no other. JAS. H. BURST, State A^ent, p. O. Box 158. Jacksonville, Fla. FRANK CLARKSON. wholesale and RETAIL DEALERS IN ILLUMINATING AND LUBRICATING OILS flflD GREASES. RAILROAD AND MILL SUPPLIES, PURE LINSEED OIL AND TURPENTINE. Railroad Oils and Greases a Specialty. Send for Price List. ^ Cf ^ \'isit (irreii Cove Sprin^j-.s. a delightful Ketreat for tlie Tourist, I •\alioi'tsuiaii. Kxi'elleiit Hotels, the I{or«len Parks, Fine Kishiiig niKl Htiiitiiig. Keachetl by Steamer or Train. AXn IlKK I AMOrs KKSOKTS. 6l glossy, with a marked tendency to form dense terminal clusters. The flowers are small. The fruit is formed on terminal shoots, frequently in clusters of four and five. The fruit varies much in size, and often somewhat in quality. Externally it resembles an English russet apple, while the flesh is not unlike the mo.st deli- cate of sweet pears, with a slight granulation surrounding a few glossy .seeds — from one to five. This fruit, picked in a green state, is frequently sent from the Bahamas tt> Jackson\ille, and, perhaps, to some other points on the Atlantic coast ; hut in that condition it is \cry unlike tlic sapodilla as gathered in a mature state from our nwn trees. Like the banana, the cocoanut and the guav^a, the sapodilla is a continuous bearer, though it is not equally productive throughout the }'ear. Hitherto this fruit lias been propagated exclusivel\- from the seed. Variation, then, is the rule, somewhat in quality and more in its size and form. The intrinsic value of this fruit certainh" warrants the most careful attention to its improxenient. SUGAR APPLE. (^Aiiona Sijuaiiiosa. ) Among the anonas are fouijd some very delicate and \alu- able fruits. These trees, varying greatly in character, seem to be natives of all tropical regions ; and it is not improbable that we may yet secure some valuable additions to the anona fruit list. The sugar apple is, so fjir, the best known and most popu- lar of all the anonas. It is c[uite extensively grown upon the keys and along the east and west coasts of Elorida; in many places so far north as to be frequently killed back by frost. It is little more than a shrub, seldom growing higher than fifteen feet, and frequently producing fruit in abundance when onh* four or five feet high. It can be so pruned as to be easil)' protected from slight cold, and hence can be grown for home use much farther north than any other anona. The tree is dormant for a short time in the winter months, but with us is not quite decidu- ous. Though found everywhere in southernmost Florida, it has been grown, so far, only for home use, excepting upon the ke}"s. The fruit is very delicate, and will require as careful ami prompt handling as strawberries. It should be noted that a recent sue- • cessful shipment of this fruit has been made b\' express from Lake Worth to Philadelphia. With the improvements that are sure soon to come, this fact gives us a better prospect for the fu- ture. The fruit resembles a shortened pine cone three or four Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. WHITE S (iUlDE TO FLORIDA j\.. luc. iSL-A.ixrrror', THE Merchant Tailor, AT 30 Hogan St., between Bay and Forsyth. Ranks foremost among the Tailors of this city, and his stock of Imported and Domestic Goods cannot be excelled in the city. He makes a specialty in iitting pants, and guaran- tees a fit every time. TICKET :: BROKER, Union Ticket Offico, 95 West Bay Street, Corner Bay and Hogan, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. Lowest Rates to 50,000 points in the United States. EXCURSION TICKETS BOUGHT AND SOLD. MASON & COT Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Wines, tiqaors, Cigars, Ete. Wholesale Dealers in Milwaukee, Bergner & Engel, and Cook Brewing Company's Beers. Sole Agents for Wallace's and Land of Flowers Pure Rye Whiskeys. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 115 WEST BAY ST. All orders must be accomi)anied by Postal Note, Money Order, Registered Letter, Bank Check, Money sent l)y Express, or satisfac- tory City Reference must be given. We will pay the charges on all Money Packages addressed to us by express. "Visit (ireen Cove Springs, a deliglittul Ketreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Immigrant or Sportsman. Excellent Hotels, the Borden Parks, Fine Fish- ng- ami H unting. Ke chert by Steanier or Train. AM) III'.K lAMOLS KKSOKTS. 63 inches in diameter, with a yellowish i^Teen exterior, and has a x-ery sweet cream-white pulp, which is best eaten with a spoon. Most people soon learn to relish it verj- much, and are inclined to give it a very high place as a dessert fruit. TAMARIND. ( raiiiariiithis I)idica. ) This tree is worth)' of more attention than has hitherto been given it. It is stricth' tropical, and sluKild be planted onl>' where there is little danger of frost. As an ornamental tree it is ex- tensively planted in all tropical countries. Its delicate acacia-like leaves, closing at night, together with the density of its shade, bring it out in agreeable and striking contrast with other tropical plants and trees. There can scarcely be a more beautiful tree than the tamarind. From our past experience we may ])lant it anywhere in South Florida where the mango and sapodilla do not suffer from the frost. But this tree is of still greater inter- est, because it yields an abundance of \-aluable and agreeable fruit. This grows in large, thick pods containing a large quan- tity of delicate acid, used as the basis of an acid drink much es- teemed in fevers. These pods grow in large clusters, and seem- ingl}- crowd the leaxes from the branches. If carefully picked they can be kept for two or three months in their natural state, and there seems to be no reason why they cannot be supplied thus to Northern customers. And there certainly is no good reason why this most delicate, healthful and agreeable fruit acid should not be in more general demand. Other fruits may be grown throughout the State, but the list here produced includes the more important, and will serve, we trust, to give the reader some idea of the fruits of fair Morida. PHOSPHATEIS. <^^'HE recent discovery of rich phosphate beds in Florida cre- (|\ ated an excitement ecjual to the discovery of gold on the Pacific coast, in 1849. ^ '"i^ discov^ery means fabulous wealth, greater prosperity, an expanding commerce. Considered in its relation to science, the discovery is not le.ss important. It has upset all the accepted theories of the geolog- ical formation of Florida, and opened a broad field of investiga- tion for the geologist, the paleontologist and the antiquary. Here YakiUieYAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 64 white's (iUIDE TO FLORIDA 44 WEST FORSYTH STREET. Every Description of Laundry Work done in the best possible manner. Special Attention Given to Orders Required at Short Notice. GOODS CALLED FOR AND DELIVERED. TELEPHONE No. 157. MBRRYDAY & PAINE, No. 41 EAST BAY STREET, OPPOSITE POST-OFFICE. PIANOS, ORGANS, Guitars, Violins, Banjos, Slieet Music, Strings, Etc. THE CHELSEA (Formerly Mrs. Henderson's), Corner Monroe and Main 8ts., Jacksonville, Fla. R. NEDDO, Proprietor. ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES. ROOMS EN SUITE OR SINGLE. HOT AND COLD BATHS ON EACH FLOOR. This House will be conducted as a Fashionable Boarding House on the Hotel Plan. RATES $2.00 PER DAY. Table Board, $6.00 per Week. Rooms, According to Location. ^B^Visit Oreeii Cove Si)riii!j:s, a delightful Ketreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Immigrant or Sportsman. Kxcellent Hotels, the Borden Parks, Fine Fishing and Hunting. Keached by Steamer or Train. AND HKR FAMOL'S KKSOKTS. 65 are man\' stran^^e forms of animal life which played their little parts in the great drama of progressive creation, and madt- their final exits before man, "the heavy villain " of the play, made his appearance on the world's stage. The great wealth which has so suddenly made its appear- ance is known in commerce as phosphate rock, bone phosphate, natural phosphate or simple phosphate, is bone phosphate of lime in combination with varying percentages of silica, magne- sia, iron, alumina, etc. The marine god Proteus could not assume more forms than does phosphate. Acquaintance with one, or a number of varie- ties, does not enable one to recognize other forms; chemical analysis is the only sure guide. When occurring in six-sided prisms, more or less transparent, it is called apatite. This name, however, is applied to other forms, as in Canada it is given to a soft, granular substance, greatly resembling pure sand, and known locally as ' ' sugar phosphate. " Referring to the phosphate fields on the Ottawa River, in Canada, a writer in the Scientijjc Ameri- can says: "The phosphate itself varies much, according to lo- cality. It is found in crystals sometimes of large dimensions; in masses, varying from compact to coarse granular ; in strata of a lamillar texture, and in a friable form. The colors are \-ery va- ried, consisting of green of different shades ; blue, red, and brown of all shades; yellow, white and cream-colored. Occasionally beautiful crystals are met with, large and perfect at both ends. * * * * In one of the mines on the Lievre crystals of gigantic size have been met with, some weighing indi- vidually as much as one thousand pounds." When occurring as the fossilized excrements of animals and birds, phosphate is knowMi to geologists as coprolites (literally translated, petrified guano), and is called by miners "bird-lime." It consists usually of small white nodules, imbedded in a buff, more or less plastic, chalky matrix, the matrix itself being a lower grade of phosphate. Much of the Florida phosphate is of this kind, and it is not unusual to find samples in which the no- dules show^ 75 to 80 per cent, and the matrix 65 to 70 per cent, of phosphate of lime. Within a mile of the depot at Bartow is a bed which gave 6'^ per cent, as the analysis of the mass, while the nodules alone assayed 84 per cent. Occasionally deposits are found in which the nodules, if they exist at all, are not distinguishable from the matrix, the whole appearing as a compact, homogeneous mass, running through all the gradations of shade and color from buffer tan- Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. \ 66 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA MAHON, TOWNSHEND & AHERN, Proprietors, BAY STREET, CORNER MARKET (OPP, P. 0.) JACKSONVILLE, FLA. t" ' >" if '^'l 111 ill II ill iP' r^'^^il r~ ^tiSfeJ^^ «%;■ ^^J^-^^ CENTRALLY LOG, TED. ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES. Table Supplied with the IJest the Markets Aif'ord. TERMS, $3. 00 PER DAY. SPECIAL RATES BY THE WEEK. Patronize Home Industrij. BOX 526. JACKSONVILLE, FLA. LA ROSE FACTORY NO. 59. This J'actory is the only one in Duval County manufacturing Cigars from Tobacco grown here. GOODS GIVE PERFECT SATISFACTION. _ Visit Grt-eii Cove Spring.s, a delifjhtfiil Ketreat for the Tourist, Invalid, Imiiiijjrant or .Sportsman. Excellent Hotels, the Uorden Parks, I'iae Fishing and Hunting. Keached by Steamer and Train. AND HKK FAMOUS RESORTS. 6/ color to pure white. It varies as much in consistence as in color, being soft, unctuous and plastic, or hard and tenacious, depend- ing, apparently, upon the action of water or the degree of at- mospheric exposure to which it has been subjected, or, prob- ably, due to both influences. The true nodular phosphate is f(jund in egg-shaped or kid- ney-shaped nodules from an inch or less in diameter to a ton weight; of a grayish-white or bluish-black color, according to lo- cality; usually rough, irregular and honey-combed externally, and sometimes presenting a somewhat vitrious appearance, not unlike slag from a zinc furnace. Most of the phosphate rock of South Carolina is of that char- acter, and it is found here in many places on the surface. Though samples quite rich in phosphoric acid have been found, I am not aware that an\' of this sort of rock has }-et been shipped. It is used, to some extent, howe\'er, in macadamizing roads antl streets. Still another distinct form of phosphate is the pebble, or bone-pebble, as it is often termed; bluish-gray, dark blue and blue-black; amorphous nodules, of varying size, from a pea to a walnut. These pebbles, intermixed with sand, form immense beds and bars in Peace River, and scattered among them are the teeth, tusks, bones and scales of animals that roamed the earth and sported in the ocean depths when Florida (according to the generally accepted theory) was but a coral reef, struggling to lift its jagged head above the surf. This is true bone phosphate, the pebbles being simply frag- ments of animal and fish bone, rounded and polished by attrition with the ever-shifting sands of the river for thousands of years. It is of a very high grade, rarely containing more than one per cent, of alumina, and remarkably free from other contaminating substances. In this particular variety of plant food we have an eternal and everlasting monopoly, for the only extensive deposit of peb- ble phosphate in the known world is in Florida, and here the supply is simply inexhaustible. It will bring millions of dollars into the State, with pros- pectors from all parts of the world. Valuable finds are reported daily; manufactories with the latest and most improved labor- saving devises are being erected in all phosphate sections. Lands which, a few months since, were regarded as worthless have since been sold as high as ^350 per acre. The shipment of Florida phosphates to Europe is no longer an experiment, but a finan- Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 68 white's guide to Florida DANIEL M. McINNIS, FASHIONABLE MERCHANT TAILOR 24 OCEAN STREET, All the Latest Styles in Foreign and Domestic Goods constantly on hand. Finest work and Lowest Prices m the City. Work guaranteed. Thirty-fiYe years' experience. Twenty-two years in business in this City. Cleaning, Dyeing and Repairing PROMPTLY DONE. TIYOLI BILLIARD AND POOL PARLOR, 0(> West Bay St., Jaeksoin ille, Fla. THE LARGEST AND FINEST BILLIARD PARLOR IN THE SOUTH. 12 FIRST-CLASS TABLES. Fine Line of Cigars and Tobacco. THE EAGLE HAT AND Carries the Largest Stock of Hats in the State. AGENT FOR KNOX & YOUMANS' HATS. 15 West Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. J^iff"" Visit Green Cove Springs, a delishtfnl K«-treat tV>r the " ourist, Invalid, Ininiijjrant or .Sportsman. Excellent Hotels, the Borden Parks, Fine Fishing and Hunting. Keaehed by Steamer or 'j^iain. AND HKK FAMOUS RESORTS. 69 cial success. The phos[)hatcs are all of a high grade, running from 65 to 90 per cent. The Dunnellon Phosphate Company now employs over one thousand men on their works and mines. The shipments will, in a short time, average one hundred car loads per day. The Marion County Phosphate Company are now emplo}'- ing hundreds of laborers, and expect to ship from sixty to one hundred car loads per da}'. Several other companies are push- ing their works, and in a few weeks will be mining and shipping their ores. CLhe Gity o! JaEk^onvillE. 'ACKSONVILLE has become famous all over the civilized world as the great winter resort of the sunny South. Built upon the splendid curve of the magnificent St. Johns River, whose bosom is the broadest, and whose sweep is the most majestic on the continent, Floridians may justly refer to it with pride and admiration as one of the chief ornaments of the State. The regularity and beauty of its streets ; its beautiful gardens and unequalled shade trees — water and live oaks, magnolia, or- ange and pride of India; its mammoth hotels, popular Sub-Trop- ical and charming residences, and the number and rare attrac- tions which surround it on every hand, justify its claim to pre- eminent beauty. The city, in its human ;reed, has stolen much from the big- hearted and unsuspecting river. Acres of piling and rubbish have changed acres of water to land, on which imposing edifices stand, and over which the iron monster carries the tourist who seeks the great Florida metropolis for health, wealth or recrea- tion. Long wharves run far out into the stream along the city's length, and it is to this that is due the well-known fact that the St. Johns, broad as it is at Jacksonville, is narrower here than at at any point between Palatka and the sea. But, for all this, the tourist who stands in swelling contemplation on its banks may well and justly feel that he looks upon the noblest river of his native land. The natural beauty of the streets will draw forth the comely adjectives of the stranger. In sooth we are compelled to say that art has not aided nature as she should have done in these fair highways, and there is much work for art to do. But na- Takethe SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. /O ■ WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA SEASON 1890-91. Windsor Hotel, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Open December to May. BOARD $4.00 PER DAY. One Hundred Pleasant Rooms at $21 .00 per Week, each Person. Dogs Not Taken. F. H. ORVIS. PUTNAM HOUSE, PALATKA, FLA. BOARD $4.00 PER DAY. One Hundred Pleasant Rooms at $21 .00 per Week, each Person. An abuudant supply of soft water. E. C. & W. F. ORVIS, Managers. THE EQUINOX HOUSE, MANCHESTER, VERMONT. A delightful summer resort amongst the Green Mountains, 200 miles north of New York. 200 miles northwest of Boston, 50 miles north of Troy, 30 miles south of Rutland and 50 miles northeast of Saratoga, on the Pen- nington and Rutland Railway, midway between New York and Ttliitliil Ketreat for the Tourist, I i alid, Ininii;;rant or Sportsman. Excellent H r.li'l il ■! If. '1:11 ilill- |:ili |i'|.'l"l' The Leading jVIasie House of Florida. A. B. CAMPBELL, xJacksonvillG, - Florida. PIANOS AND BEST MAKES! LOWEST PRICES!! EASIEST TERMS !!! PIANOS. KNABE, WEBER, HAINES BRO'S, MORRIS. PI ORGANS. iiji WILCOX & WHITE, jfil m CHICAGO COTTAGE, m Igi VOCALION. All kinds of small Instruments at BED ROCK PRICES. Sheet Music at 35 to 50 per cent, below publisher's price. Write or call for Catalogues, with full information as to Prices (cash and installments). A, B. CAMPBELL, JACKSONVILLE. FLA. piiipf:^}!!^;?^^ 1 1 1 1 1 ill s ^B^-Visit Oieea Cove Springs, a » "3 4J Slj c3 ?^ •1-1 o pq 0) ^ m o ce o o o CD 1 S- cj- ^ d CO 5" B O ?fl Jli Oi rt CD CD TJ W •-s o o I— • 3 R ►nJ It; c+ CD 1—" & P P P- P3 I— I H Wholesale Cigars, Tobaccos and Pipes, 67 West Bay Street, JACKSONYILLE, FLA. THE DfllliY TRlBUflE. Daily $5.00 a Year. Delivered by Carrier to any part of the City. Contains the complete local news of the City, with State and General News. Weekly $1.00 a Year. fl LivE F^EpubliGai? PapEF. SUBSCRIBE! NOW. D. C. DRAKE, Manager Tribune Publishing Co., Jacksonville, Fla. JPBP-Visit (Jreeii Cove Sprins:«. :i de]i:rl) tl lU U«'treat lor the Tourist, Invalid, Iiuinigraiit or Sportsman. Kxcellt-nt »l;i( f!s. tlie Borden Parks, Fine Fishing and Hunting. Kea«'hed by Steamer or 'riaiu. AND HER FAMOIS RESORTS. 75 This city is the base for supphcs for a lar^^c portion of the State, and the faciHties of the merchants are such that they are able to compete successfully with any other point. There has been an appropriation made by the General Gov- ernment for the erection of a public building, and a suitable lo- cation secured in the center of the city. Jacksonville is the site of the United States Court for the Northern District of Florida, and here are situated the offices of the Judge, Marshal and Clerk of that tribunal. The Collector of Internal Revenue for the State also has his headquarters in this city. Jacksonville al.so contains the largest and most important postofifice in the State, and is the distributing point for the bulk of the mails reaching Florida. The Free Masons have lodges, chapters and encampments. The Odd Fellows are also in a flourishing condition. The Knights of Labor, Knights of Honor, Knights of P\-thias, and Sons of Temperance are largely represented. St. Luke's Hospital, an institution sustained by private charity, affords relief to destitute invalids. The Library Association owns a handsome suite of rooms, where can be found the latest papers and magazines, and a collection of books. Four daily papers, enterprising and well conductetl, enjoy a large circulation. There are several jcnirnals that issue a weekly edition. The public schools are large and conx-enicnt buildings, em- ploying an excellent corps of teachers, and attended b\' large numbers of children. The facilities for obtaining an education are equally open to both races. The city is illuminated by gas and electric lights. Two clubs, the Yacht and the Jacksonville, have been formed for social enjoyment and intercourse, and con- tribute largely to the pleasure of their members and visitors. There are three uniformed militar)' companies, the Jackson- ville Light Infantry, Metropolitan Light Infantry, and Light Ar- tillery, and two companies of colored infantr)-. Lines of steamers leave daily for Palatka, Sanford and all in- termediate points on the St. Johns River, and to Mayport and F"ort George Island, at the mouth of the same river. There is also a fine line of steamers (The Clyde) running direct to New York, carrying freight and passengers, which give the citizens of Jacksonville ad\'antages possessed by no other portion of the State. Heavy freight is brought very cheap from northern points by the coasting vessels, constanth' seeking the saw mills for cargoes of lumber. Lines of street cars traverse the principal portions of the city, and reach out into the suburbs. F.ist Jackson\-ille, Brook- Take the SAVANNAH, FLoJlDA~& WESTERN RAILWAY, Th2 Through Car and Short Line to and fronn Florida. ']6 \yHITE's GUIDE TO FLORIDA HOM E MAR KET ! THE FLORIDA ORANGE AND VEGETABLE AUCTION COMPANY, A. S. M.\NN, President and General Manager. Sure and ^\^ Returns to the Grower. The aim of the Auction Company is to concentrate the Orange and. Vegetable crop in Jacksonville, and have the Northern Fruit Houses buy right here at home. The GROWER DOES NOT TAKE ALL THE RISK OF TRANSPORTATION. This is the only house in the State which sells at Auction, and we sell no other way. Starting in 1887 with no advocate but the manager, we have disarmed all enmity and criticism, and proved that OUR SYSTEM IS NOP ONLY THI] BKST, but THE ONLY ONE which insures Large and Quick Returns to the Grower and Good Fruit to the Buyer. Last year Growers selling through us the season round realized about $2.50 per box for their Oranges here in Jacksonville. There are to-day represented in Jacksonville over one hundred of the best dealers in the Union, ready to buy at auction in case our growers will refuse to con- sign. The Auction will open on the 20th day of Novem- ber, 1890. Send for Stencils and full Shipping Directions to the Office of the Company, or address P. O. Box "N," Jack- sonville, Fla. ^ip- Visit <;r<»eii f'ove Spriiijis. a and Huntine-. Heached l»v Kail or SteaiiK A\n HER FAMOUS KKSOKTS. "]"] lyn, LaVilla, Sprinijfield, Oakland, Riverside and Campbellton are largely peopled by persons who do business in the city proper, but who have their residences in the thriving environs. East Jacksonville contains large saw mills, employing num- erous laborers, and furnishing immense quantities of lumber for home consumption and export. It is growing rapidly, and the roads leading out to the grounds of the Jockey Club Association, two miles distant from Jacksonville, are lined with handsome res- idences. Brooklyn and Riverside are beautifully situated on a bold bluff overlooking the St. Johns River. Here are to be found most desirable sites for building purposes, many of which are al- ready occupied by costly and imposing structures. Springfield has been laid off in lots, and tlic sound of the hammer and saw are heard in every direction. The carpenters are also busy in LaVilla, Oakland and Campbellton, and the value of real estate is constantly on the increase in these thriving set- tlements. All contain churches, schools, thriving industries and beautiful homes. The bulkheading of the river front and opening up of a new street is an important improvement of the near future. That Jacksonville is a city with a glorious future none can dispute. The glory and beauty of its development will depend largely upon the enterprise and liberality of its people. CITY CHURCHES. Adventists — Corner Adams and First streets. Tabernacle Baptist — West Church street, east of Julia. Christian — Corner Beaver and Main streets. Christian Memorial Chapel — Riverside. First Congregational Church — Corner Hogan and Church streets. Church of Good Shepherd — Brooklyn. St. John's Episcopal — Corner Market and Duval. St.- Stephen's Episcopal — Corner Monroe and Third streets, LaVilla. St. Andrew's Episcopal — Corner Brough and Duval streets. Ahavath Chesed (Jewish) — Corner Laura and Union streets. Church of St. John (Lutheran) — Corner Ashley and Laura streets. St. Matthew's Methodist Episcopal — LaVilla. St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal — Corner East Duval and Newnan streets. Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 78 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA E. I. GORDON, Successor to O. Z, Tyler & Co., FyBHw mwn 21 Newnan St., Jacksonville, Fla. TELEPHONE CALL 121. Oiders by Tele])hone at all hours of Day or Night promptly executed. ESTABLISHED 1876. TELEPHONE 241. A. CAMPBELL, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all Kinds of Proprietor of the Jacksonville Steam Sausage Factory. Kettle Rendered Lard and Tallow a Specialty, Office Nos. 2 and 37 Old City Market, xJaiGkisonvillG, Florida. jCtf Ti i( Oreen Cove Sprinss, a 500- __ Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and fronn Florida. 84 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA the: estt'esiflestt, Jacksonville's Lamest and Finest Hotel. Built of Brick and Stone. t^" Now under the management of McIVER & BAKER, formerly of the Duval. RATE $3.00 AND $4.00 PER DAY. L. CAMEKON, GARDEN, FIELD -AND- FLOWER SEEDS, 23 EAST BAY ST., xJadcsonvillG, Florida.. ^K^Visit Oreen <;ove Spriiifi^s, a ^w Orleans, Charlotte Harbor, Ke}' West and Havana. Tampa Steamship Company — From Tampa to Mobile. STEAMBOAT LINES. Beach & Miller Line Steamers — From Jacksonville to Fort Creorge, Orange Park, Green Cove S|>rings, Palatka and Lake George. Clyde's St. Johns River — From Jacksonville to Sanford and in- termediate points. Hart's Ocklawaha Line — From Palatka to Silver Spring and in- termediate points. Take the SAVANNAH, FLORIDA & WESTERN RAILWAY, The Through Car and Short Line to and from Florida. 112 WHITE S GUIDE TO FLORIDA. Steamer Farmer — From Fernandina to Savannah. Indian River Steamboat Company — From Titusville to Jupiter. Steamer City of Brunswick — From Fernandina to Brunswick. Steamer Martha — Fernandina and St. Marys River. Kissimmee and Nacoosee Steamboat Company — From Kissimmee to Nacoosee and Fort Bassenger. Post Day Line — Jacksonville to Palatka. Steamer from Jacksonville to Fort George. Steamer Manatee — From Jacksonville to Mandarin and Green Cove Springs. Steamer A. J. Lane — Eustis and Lake Harris. Steamer Alice Howard — St. James on-the-Gulf and Fort Myers. Steamer Rockledge — Indian River Line. Steamer Edith — Palatka to Picolata. Steamer Kissimmee — From Port Tampa to Manatee River points. FLORIDA SUB-TROPICAL EXPOSITION— OPENS JANUARY, 1891— FOURTH SEASON. ^M^ Visit Green Cove Springs, a rtelighttul Ketreat for the Ton i.st. Invalid, Ini migrant or .Sportsman. Excellent Hotels, the Borden Parks, Fine Fish- ing and Hunting. Reached by Steamer or Train. HOMES FOR ALL I J. C. GREELEY. JOHN F. ROLLINS. HARWOOD MORGAN. GREELEY. ROLLINS & MORGAN, CeDeral Heal Estate Agents 38 LAURA STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA., HAVE FOR SALE CITY AND SUBURBAN LOTS, PHOSPHATE LANDS, ORANGE GROVES, TIMBER LANDS. SAFE INVESTIVIENTS, HEASONABLE PRICES, FAVORABLE TERMS. :^ms' la^^^rSa^ iaiJ THE S\N (AKIiOS HOTKL. ST. JAMKS ( ITY. WIM. <»PKX .lANUAKY 1. ISlll. The location is unsurpassed, being on Pine Island, the most southern part of Charlotte Harbor, at the mouth of the Caloosahatchie Kiver. The waters teem with a .tjreat variety of Fish of the finest quality, owing to the abundance of wild lettuce, upon which they subsist. Spanish Mackerel. King Fish. Snappers, Groupers. Sea Trout, Pompano, Lady Fish, Sargeant Fish, Mullet, Sheep's Head and a host of other small fry, as well as Sharks, Rays, Devil Fish, Tarpon, Jew Fish, and manv othe-- game fish in ab\ihd:ince, making the best fishing ground in the countrv. It is. alsva favorite spot for hunters ; Deer, Turneys, Ducks, Snipe, Quail and shore birds are plentiful. Pine Island is virtually frostless. Staple Crops, Vegetables, and every Fruit, Flower. Shrub or Plant that grows in any Tropical country thrives here. It is the home of the Orange, I.emon, Banana, Cocoanut, Pine- Apple, Fig, etc. The scenery is very attractive. r— ^— For Rates and further information address "^^^B C. E. DAVIDSON, St. James City.IFla- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 496 878 5 % Mmkr^Mm^ lf^:MM%M ■:■:■.■■■■■■' Fernandina to Tm^pis.^ Ba^y , . : .,, ..1Mla|ia££^e to 3%,M^Ab, |r. 'Xijxoug'h the Orarige Groves ol\06ntrM'sa3.d:'i-;;i; •lir.". ' .. South Florida, - ■■-■,■':■:■:■■■ m i y BeacbiD<2f a]l tbe Beaorts of the Bta^te, a.lso th^:\W w^^^^S^iKiilfili^PJ • ■ . '.IV&lTio 5i'g>. ^«*i- la-yj-, - , G«o> FftKB, As;1i.- l!-'.: