\m rmm' mmwm® sb MF 3ML&3ED. j i H 5 ! i £ ! <• ARMAGH Bantrj" 221 1 Belfast 31 244 1 Carlow 107 125 119 ■ Carrickfergiis 3 9 252 8 Caskel 140 64 156 Charleville 170 6 8 192 ! | Coleraiiie 47 278 42 | 1 Cork 186 40 206 i Deny 66 266 56 i Doiiaghadee 46 259 15 E inn' s 132 109 16 1 < EunislallerL 41 221 7a i — Calwair 115 138 117 1 ISfkeuir^ 12 5 107 137 j J KHala 112 200 143 EDIarjier 211) 42 223 1 1 Limerick 118 86 171 Marvb orotioli 105 122 122 1 ^fewrv 15 215 3 [ 1 Sligo 72 215 105 86 Iralee 199 56 222 195 17 7 Waterford 140 98 13 4 J , 155 103 J Wexford j 136 123 123 ! 12'-.' j 15 7 129 25 ;;,IV»/ /;„ Sul '//,///,/ ///;// Jft llllommh: 1 LEIGH'S NEW POCKET ROAD-BOOK OF IRELAND, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF ^LL THE DIRECT AND CROSS ROADS; TOGETHER WITH & Description of eberg iUmarfcafcle $Iace, ITS CURIOSITIES, MANUFACTURES, COMMERCE, POPULATION, INNS, MAIL COACH ROUTES, FAIRS, AND MARKET-DAYS ; FORMING A COMPLETE GUIDE TO EVERY OBJECT WORTHY OF ATTENTION. ILLUSTRATED WITH 4 Map of Ireland, Plans of Dublin and its Curiosities, a Table of relative Distances, and a Map of the Lakes ofKUlarney. Cfjirtr IStuttott, CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED AND 'IMPROVED. printed for LEIGH AND SON, 421, strand. REMOVED FROM 18, STRAND. MDCCCXXXV. Price 10s. 6d. bound. Tmm ' mm m± KB s a MsjDMicie 3 J ' ; .i TV/. 2,1 RHUS F m ;,!; f :• : /3 L I'' IKBIAKD. DusTAstiOEs | pq pq i I J 1 | - 'M B j q 1 a J t 1 9 1 1 & £ ; ARMAGH Banhy 22 1 Belfast .11 244 Cai-low 107 14.', 11!) Carrickfergus 3 9 2.V.. B 127 Cashel 140 8 1 '•'■ 46 16 1 Cliarlerillo 170 "" 1.02 76 201 30 Coleraiiie 47 2 7(1 12 l.i;l 50 I!).') 217 Carle 186 10 206 85 2.1 MS 28 239 D ™y !) 56 '-'"' '-'"' 2.1.) 82 5 1 215 18 2 25 23., 70 IBB L02 102 165 ,, SO 195 177 Waterfowl 140 Dfi ..-,. :w "'- 35 57 202 511 187 170 86 160 117 27 178 94 66 -,6 .'", Lfifi 103 Wexford i:«, '-'"' 12.1 :i!) '■'' .... 82 2,2 K 16.. ■ 62 ... .in 112 10 183 ll.o !.. 6.0 12 2 .5 7 12.0 , , — — • • * • * * » ■•v- LONDON : PRINTED BY T. BRETTELL, RUPERT STREET, HAYMARKET. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. If, as has been well observed, the knowledge of the na- tural situation, the political institutions, and the local advantages, even of a foreign nation, be an object of con- siderable magnitude, and a source of gratification to every enquiring and enlightened mind, surely an acquaintance with these relations, as they respect a country forming part of the same empire of which we ourselves are sub- jects, is of much greater importance, and much deeper in- terest. It is under a conviction of this truth that the fol- lowing pages have been written ; and should they be the means of exciting an interest respecting Ireland, amongst the gentry of England and Scotland, and of in- ducing them more frequently to visit their less wealthy but warm-hearted neighbours, my labours will be amply rewarded, their amusement greatly promoted, and Ireland essentially benefitted. That Ireland possesses many objects more worthy of notice than those frequently resorted to in other coun- tries, I do not hesitate to aver, after a long residence and an intimate acquaintance ; and I cannot help expressing my conviction, that the want of a good Guide to her beau- ties has been one of the principal reasons why they have not attracted the attention to which they are entitled. The Giants' Causeway, with the neighbouring coast, the Lakes of Killarney, and the mountain scenery of Wicklow, are unrivalled in their various styles of beauty, and cannot fail to gratify all who delight in the study of Nature, or vi ADVERTISEMENT. valuable hints, and beg to refer to the candour with which they have been attended to, as the best proof of their appreciation of such communications ; and, relying on the talent and unremitting attention bestowed on this volume ? they respectfully submit it to the public. Whenever the asterisk * occurs in the Itinerary, it denotes thai the place is described elsewhere, CONTENTS. Page Glossary ------ ix Table of English and Irish Miles - - - xi General State of Ireland 1 Its Society, Splendour, and Misery 4 Landlord and Tenant — effects of the System - 6 Instances of Improvement - - - 1 1 Various Public Insitutions - - 36 Proposed Improvements - - - 40 Old and New Legislation compared - - 46 Statistical Notes - - - 47 Geographical Account — Situation, Extent, Population, and Climate - 52 Harbours and Rivers - - - 53 Canals, Lakes, Soil, Bogs, and Mountains 56 to 58 Civil and Ecclesiastical Divisions - 59 to 61 Passage to Ireland - - - - 62 viii CONTENTS. Page Description of Dublin and its Edifices - 63 Mail Coach Routes - - - 99 Ditto on Cross Roads - - - 103 List of Bianconi's Mail Cars - - 108 Itinerary of Ireland - - - - 113 Account of Cross Roads - 470 Places where Assizes are held - 487 Branch Banks - 489 Index to every Place mentioned in the Itinerary - 491 GLOSSARY; Or, Explanation of some of the terms which occur in the following pages, either by themselves, or in connexion with other words. Agh, a field. Ana or Anagh, a river. Ard, an eminence, or rising ground. Ath, a ford. Awin, a river. Ballin or Bally, a town, or inclosed habitation, Bawn, a fortified residence, or castle. Beg, little. Ben, the head or top of a mountain. Bun, a bottom, root, or foundation. Cahir or Car, a city. Cairn, or Cam, a sepulchral heap of stones or earth. Carrick, Carrlg, Craig, or Carrow, a rock, or stony place. Clara, a plain. Clogh or Clough, a great stone, or Druidical remain. Clon, a lawn, or level pasture. Clug or Cleugh, a valley. Col or Cul, a corner. Corcagh, Cork, or Curragh, a marsh, or swamp. Croghan or Croagh, a sharp-pointed hill. Berry, a clear, dry spot, in the middle of a marsh. Don or Ito, a height, hill, or fortress. Donagh, a church. Drum or Drum, a lofty, narrow ridge of hills, Holm, an island. facA, hits, or Ennis, an island. A>«, a head. x GLOSSARY, Kill, a church or burying-ground, Knock, a hill or hillock. Lick, a flat stone. Lin, a pool, estuary, or lake. Lis, a fort, or strong hold Lough, a lake, pool, or inlet of the sea. Magh, a plain. Main, a number of hillocks. Moat, a mound surrounded by a ditch. More, great, large, frequently used as a termination to the name of a mountain. Mote, a small rath, or barrow. Rath, a mount, an entrenchment, an artificial mound for assemblies. Ross, a neck of land projecting into water, a peninsula. Shan, old. SUebh or Slieve, a range of mountains, a hill covered with heath. Tach, a house. Temple, a church. Tholsel, town-house. Tobar or Tubber, a spring, or well. Tom or Toom, a bush. Tra, a strand. Tullagh, a common, or gently rising ground, Tully, a spot liable to inundations. t ^ \ ■A S'O t TABLE FOR CONVERTING IRISH MILES INTO BRITISH MILES. * Mi. IRISH. BRITISH. IRISH. BRITISH. ■A *«n **^ EQ 0Q K h w be 3 Sf bX) a CO cd ©5 o t A o ^3 C/T- CO ^c pCS 33 » 29 2 - 2 21 27 - 34 2 36 - 3 - 3 32 28 - 35 5 3 - 4 - 5 3 29 - 36 7 10 - 5 - 6 14 30 - 38 1 18 - 6 - 7 25 31 . 39 3 25 - 7 1 - 36 32 - 40 5 32 1 - 1 2 7 33 . 42 - - 2 - 2 4 14 34 - 43 2 7 3 - 3 6 21 35 - 44 4 14 4 - 5 - 29 36 - 45 6 21 5 - 6 2 36 37 - 47 - 29 6 - 7 5 3 38 - 48 2 36 7 - 8 6 10 39 . 49 5 3 8 - 10 1 18 40 . 50 7 10 9 - 11 3 25 41 _ 52 1 18 10 - 12 5 32 42 - 53 3 25 11 - 14 - _ 43 _ 54 5 32 12 - 15 2 7 44 - 56 - - 13 - 16 4 14 14 - 17 6 21 15 16 17 18 - 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 28 2 5 7 29 36 3 10 And so on a similar repetition, 11 Irish be- ing equal to 14 English, 19 20 21 22 22 to 28, 33 to 42, 44 to " 1 18 56, 55 to 70, 66 to 84, - 3 5 25 32 77 to 98,88 to 112, and 99 to 126. 23 - 29 2 7 < 24 - 30 4 14 25 - 31 6 21 1 1 Irish Aci *es are aboi Jt equal to 18 English. *** In consequence of the innumerable alterations in this Edition, an error has escaped correction in several instances, which requires to be noticed ; viz. whenever No. 98 is referred to in the Itinerary, it should have been No. 100 ; for example, see the first line in the following ERRATA. Page 155, for Dublin to Athlone, as at No. 98, read No. 100. — 137, — Rilbay Castle, read Kilbay. *— 148, — Dublin to Arklow, as at 203, read 204. — 157, — Dawson Castle, read Castle Dawson. — 158, — Dublin to Athlone, as at 97, read 100. — 164, — Dublin to Ballynamore, as at 134, read 124. — 167, — Loughgule, read Loughgeell. ~ 174, — Ardfinkane, read Ardfinane. — 212, — Dublin to Balinagar, as at 100, read 102. «— 276, — Anamult Castle, read Aanmult. — 281, — Bungan Castle, read Bangan. — 350, — Kinnegad*a, read as at 100. *— 387, — Carotin, read Curofin. — . 446, — Bagnal's Town, as at 164, read 165. GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND; ITS AGRICULTURAL, COMMERCIAL, AND OTHER INSTITU- TIONS, AND PECULIARITIES, AND MEANS OF IMPROVEMENT. Perhaps no country ever excited a more intense per- manent interest than Ireland does with us. Of its popula- tion and its misery we have heard much ; much has been said of the causes of that misery, and not a little has been published on its fertility, its opportunities for commerce, the beauties of its scenery, and other advantages ; and yet it is acknowledged that the people of England really know nothing of Ireland. This proceeds from the partiality and extravagance of most accounts, which render it dangerous to receive information that it is so difficult to reduce to its real value : the want of judgment in almost every communicant has thwarted the great aim of patriotism and philosophy — Truth. These remarks are principally applicable to those books which have too often been most read, because most puffed, whilst the more valuable testimony contained in the works of Young, Newnham, Townshend, Chichester, Wakefield, and others, and in the reports of the various Parliamentary Commissions, is confined to the few who are disposed to study cause and effect at the expense of much time and 2 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. trouble. We hope, by reference to such sources, in addition to our own observations and experience, to arrive at sound conclusions, and to enable our countrymen to see, not only the real state of that island and its inhabitants ; but also the causes of that condition, and the means of improvement. If from the entrance of Dublin Bay we cast the mind's eye over Ireland, we behold an extent of more than 20,000,000 English acres forming a vast tract of lowlands, girt by ridges of hill and mountain, and intersected by a belt of bogs that spread from near the capital to the shores of the Shannon, and beyond. The island thus con- tains about 18,000,000 English acres of cultivatable soil, and more than 2,300,000 of bog, with a population of 7,767,401. The indented shores of Ireland have always been admired for the numerous spacious and secure refuges they afford from the raging tempest. Those to the east- ward, and even those of the north and south, entertain a constant communication with Scotland and England ; the westward and southern harbours are particularly con- venient for distant commerce across the Atlantic. The soil and climate of Ireland are peculiar, and peculiarly suited to each other. In almost every county, a light loam prevails on a rocky or calcareous substratum, and this soil is rendered fruitful by frequent and abundant rain ; sea-weed, and lime, which are both easily procured, constituting the principal part of the manure that a slovenly husbandry provides for its renovation. These characteristics of soil and climate have, together with other causes, greatly tended to the universal cultivation of potatoes ; but with due management, every kind of grain can be advantageously raised there, as well as clover and the various grasses, apples and other fruits, &c. ; and it is GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 3 almost unnecessary to say, that few places are so favourable for the growth of timber, particularly oak and ash; and from the mildness of its climate, the arbutus, the rhododendron, and the magnolia, attain to great perfection ; the cultiva- tion of flax has also long been successful. Such are the ascertained capabilities of the land. What it might pro- duce under good management and judicious culture, in a state of quiet and confidence, and mutual emulation instead of restless jealousies, we can only determine by comparing the too general condition of poverty and dis- satisfaction with the few instances to be met with of practical wisdom and forbearance ; of prudence and com- fort. Such is the method we intend to pursue : to trace the general character of the country, and its inhabitants, of its institutions and habits ; and having done this, to point out peculiarities and exceptions ; and further, to enumerate various proposed means of improvement, with such remarks as we may think called for. One of the great advantages that Ireland derives from a moist climate, counteracted by a suitable soil, is an abundance of good rivers and fine lakes. We shall, by and bye, have to comment on the opportunities they afford to improvement, and proceed to the general state of civilization. Tf, standing on the pier of Dublin, we look around, we behold a magnificent city, exhibiting every thing that denotes wealth and prosperity: splendid public buildings, and elegant private residences, edifices raised and main- tained by munificent charity, shops that dazzle with their splendour, and teem with every article that can minister to the comfort or luxury of the refined or the fastidious : flittering equipages, and all the distinctions of fashionable life abound, whilst the pier itself, and the ships that 4 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. majestically sail past, seem to account for much of the wealth and bustle of the town. Its matchless custom- house, and its docks, attest the importance of its commerce, whilst in further proof thereof, high along the coast, numerous villas, embedded in plantations, glitter in the sunshine. Such is the first aspect of the capital of Ireland ; and, upon a nearer view, its hospitals, its college, the literary and scientific institutions it contains, and the brilliant vivacity of its society, seem to confirm the first impression. It is not till we become accustomed to the charms of the place, that we perceive the gloomy side of the picture ; that whilst the eastern portion of the town looks like the queen of a happy land, westward, the superabundant population of a wretched agricultural district, encroaches on the domain of pomp and luxury. The eager rolling eye and haggard scowl are as common in Church Street, Barrack Street, and the adjoining courts, as heedless mirth about College Green or Merrion Square. The extremes of levity, and abject suffering, are both to be found in Dublin. Much of this is observable in every principal town along the coast of Ireland: Downpatrick, Waterford, Wexford, Cork, and Limerick, exhibit, in various propor- tions and degrees, the wealth and elegance consequent to commercial industry, contrasted with the despondence and excitement natural to ill-employed thousands. If there be any exceptions, Londonderry, and particularly Belfast, may claim the proud distinction. The incongruous opposition of showy splendour, and debasing poverty, is indeed the most hideous feature in Irish society. In the large towns, where misery is attracted in search of the crumbs that lie beneath the board of extravagance, its consequences are most obvious ; but the GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 5 same improvidence, the same destitution, are discernible, with few exceptions, throughout the island. The land pro- prietor anticipates his revenue — the middleman squeezes from the poor tenant the last farthing that the ground will afford, regardless of the deterioration of the estate; and the labourer himself, should any fortunate chance put a pound or two in his way, will proceed, during the very time of harvest, to the coast, for the benefit of sea-bathing and recreation: nor is it much better in small towns, since every petty dealer is eager to start his horse and build his villa. It is not to be doubted that this, like every other peculiarity of character, is at once an effect and a cause*. Besides this contrast of useless display and poverty, there is another very important contrast in the buoyancy of commercial enterprize, and the pressure from a wretched * The general character might be worked upon by means of the exceptions, and it is quite clear that some of the Irish are capable of saving, and of fore-sight. The following instances may suffice. 1. Some years back, a poor wretch who had crossed the Channel in quest of the means of paying his rent, was returning on board a steamer from Bristol, in so miserable a plight, that the gentlemen on board thought proper to purchase a pair of trousers for him of one of the sailors, and while he was putting them on, the captain kicked his rags overboard, to his utter dismay; for, if his shrieks, and his tears, — his groans, and assertions, could be believed, no less than nineteen pounds were concealed in the tattered linings. 2. Three young women, cousins, arrived in London from Ireland, in hopes of procuring service : two of them soon secured situations, and they assisted the other until she also obtained one. At the end of three or four years, two of them discovered that, at the instigation of an English lady, the other had placed the principal part of her wages in the savings-bank, and that it amounted to fifteen pounds. They endeavoured to persuade her to draw the amount, and spend it in jewellery ; but confident in the advice she had followed, she endured with many a tear the utmost of their sneers and jokes. Not long after, all three were deprived of their places, and then the providence of the one saved them all from ruin. 6 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. agricultural inertness. All experience proves that com- merce is the great secondary cause of improvement and civilization; it is therefore through its commerce with Britain, and other parts, that Ireland must improve and flourish, and in proportion to that commerce will it flourish. But commerce, however fostered, can only extend in the exact proportion of the internal industry and produce. Let us therefore take a general survey of the agriculture of Ireland, and the condition of landlord and tenant. It is acknowledged on all hands, that the agriculture of Ireland is far inferior to that of England and Scotland, although its capabilities are considered equal to the former, and greatly superior to the latter : the best counties are Tipperary, King's County, and Queen's County; and next to these, Kildare, part of Meath, West Meath, Kilkenny, Louth, and Fermanagh ; but amongst the worst cultivated are, Londonderry, Donegal, Tyrone, and part of Antrim ; whilst, along the banks of the Shannon, in parts of Cork, and other spots, the natural richness of the pastures diverts them from the improved culture of grain ; nor is the cultivation of grasses, clover, or turnips, to any extent, attended to in Ireland. Singular instances of mismanage- ment are found in the county of Roscommon, where the ignorant practice of yoking horses by the tail still prevails occasionally ; or in Wicklow and Wexford, where economy is so little understood, that three men are often seen to one plough, one sitting on it to keep it steady, whilst another leads the horses ; nor can we forget that as much of the manure of the streets of Dublin as is not carried away by Scotch ships, for the fields of a more thrifty peasantry, is thrown into the LifFey as useless, notwith- standing so good a lesson from their more careful visitors. These and other instances of careless indifference are GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 7 the effects of an injurious system: they are found in Protestant as well as Catholic districts ; they are noticed generally near the abode of the resident gentry, as well as on the domain of the absentee : in some places the bad cultivation may proceed from utter poverty, in others it comes from absolute indifference ; but we believe that the principal cause depends on injudicious modes of letting the land, and we trust that some of the following remarks will be found as correct as they are new. Others, besides ourselves, have observed, that in some of the Protestant counties, agriculture is in a miserable state ; others have also noticed, that it is often most difficult to distinguish between the property of a resident and the estate of an absentee. We do not pretend that the comparative paucity of holidays of the Protestant may not give him some advantage over his Catholic neighbour, and we are quite sure that there are cases where the presence of a benevo- lent landlord might prevent cruelty and injustice ; but we are prepared to show, that most of those who reside on their estates are, to all real purposes, nearly as much absentees as they who flutter about St. James's, or who dance in the salons of Paris ; that they have no immediate interest in the improvement of the estate, whilst, on the other hand, the tenant looks only to the produce of the season, heedless of ultimate consequences. We need not look back to history for the origin of contending interests, and rival jealousies and antipa- thies, with which insecurity of property has always in past time been allied*. Without investigating the sources * Besides confiscations, the Irish or Brehon laws were a great cause of insecurity : under them, murder was not punished with death, and succession to property was in some measure elective : they remained in force, without the English pale, so late as the middle of the sixteenth century 8 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. of injudicious systems in the letting of land, we proceed at once to the fact, that, almost without exception, lands have in Ireland been let on wrong principles, on conditions in every way calculated to lead to their deterioration and neglect. Leases for twenty-one years and a life, for thirty- one years and three lives, and so on, take all real interest from the proprietor, without giving to the cultivator an attachment to the soil. Should he plant, who will reap the benefits thereof ? If barns were built, and a durable drainage undertaken at his expense, all that remained at the end of the uncertain period of his lease, would be so much loss to his capital. Such terms are therefore not inviting to capitalists : it is, however, even worse, if pos- sible, as regards the original proprietor : when, at his father's death he inherits, he discovers that the inheritance is not in his own hands, that others hold it on lease, not only for a number of years, but beyond that, for one or three lives. Should he be in the prime of youth, and sanguine in his expectations, he will live beyond his present income in hope of a change that may never happen ; others will either remove to a distant land, where they may boast of their property, or remain spectators of the mismanagement of the estate, over which they have no control ; and, in all cases, they are rather pensioners than landlords. The lands being let to men who have no capital, and whose object is to obtain an existence from year to year, who, if hedges and fences decay, will repair them ? If a tree fall, who will plant another ? Who will supply the means of carrying out improved methods of husbandry, so as to keep pace with the skill of the age ? Can limited pen- sioners, and needy cultivators, maintain the expense of public works, or support the industry of an increasing population ? And if there be a check to industry, which is indeed the most precious of all commercial 1 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 9 wealth, trade of every kind must be at a stand. We need not refer to facts to prove the truth of this in all relative proportions, but follow up some of the natural tendencies under such circumstances. When an individual without capital obtains a lease of a considerable extent of land, however cheap he may have it, being unable to stock it, he is under an absolute necessity of re-letting; and as others are in similar circumstances with himself, unless he divide it in proportion to their very narrow means, they must in turn let off what they cannot stock ; thus is a system of brokerage and interference established, middlemen becoming so deep one behind the other (the cultivator being answerable for each and for all), that security cannot be thought of; prudence gives way to reckless enjoyment of the present, as far as such a state of things can yield enjoyment*. Such is the simple working of the system from landlord to tenant ; but partly on account of the interference of the tithe proctor, and from various very natural causes, some middlemen, and even landlords, rather than not let the land at all, in the deficiency of capitalists, prefer letting out plots to several or many individuals, all bound for the amount of rent for each other. This system of partnership, under the name of con-acre, is spreading its baneful effects on all sides. In some cases the bargain is for a term of years, in others it is for the season, and not unfrequently the seed, as well as the manure, is supplied to the tenant. This system has been appropriately called " a principle of exhaustion, but indispensable :" one that leaves the land unfit for any other purpose than building. Hence an increase of cottages and population to the utmost possible extent of food. Under this practice, the competition is * Effects of this description, no doubt, led to the system, on entailed estates, of not gran ting leases. One extreme keeps another in countenance. 10 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. " incredible." " I do not know (said Mr. Clendining, in his evidence, June 20th, 1833), whether I could name a sum that I would not be promised." In many cases the sum agreed upon (from eight to fourteen pounds per Irish acre), is a full third or one-half more than can be obtained ; but this is winked at by the person who lets it, because it enables him to secure, not indeed the promised amount, but the last farthing that can be obtained. This is unfeel- ing, but not more unjust and oppressive than another prac- tice which is gaining ground under the insidious mask of generous forbearance ; it consists in letting the tenant get into arrears of rent for six months, a year, or even two years : he is then a perfect slave. The worst effects of the con-acre system are — Is*. That it prevents independent exertion, personal confidence and security, by making each dependant on others, and answerable for their negligence and delinquencies, rather than accountable for his own actions. — 2ndly. It encourages improvidence, and an im- provident increase of the population; and — Zrdly. When once adopted, it can hardly be put an end to without creating such scenes of destitution and desperation as few can con- template without horror ; for it can only be done by forcibly ejecting families, which, on leaving their wretched hovels, surrounded as they are by a superabundant population, verging on the same brink of famine that they have fallen from, find no roof to shelter them from the storm — no spot of earth where a few potatoes may be reared to quiet the cravings of hunger; whose only chance is to reach, at the end of a wearisome journey, by the help of precarious beg- gary, the abodes of filth and disease in the suburbs of some large town, and become additional competitors for the mouldy crust or half- gnaw' d bone. And is there no remedy for a system that inevitably leads to vice and wretchedness 1 This is not the place for an GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 11 answer to this important question ; but we hope that a satisfactory one will be found in the sequel. After the above account, it would be almost superfluous to des- cant on the very great diminution of timber, even within the last sixty years ; whole counties, containing scarce any plantations, where formerly extensive forests covered the land. It has more than once been our lot to notice, that where commerce and manufactures sweep away forest trees, a fresh supply necessarily succeeds in the plantations that rise on all sides to satisfy the demand; but where want and negligence create devastation, no renovating care retrieves the desert prospect. Before we leave this subject, it will be proper to observe, that commerce and other causes have, in various parts, modified the condition and appearance. It is, indeed, generally supposed, that the north of Ireland is totally un- like the south ; that the Protestant counties of Ulster are as flourishing as the south of Scotland. If this can be said of any place, it is of the yeomanry of Fermanagh ; but when we consider that the 5000 freeholders of that county are all Protestants, none of the Catholic inhabitants hold- ing property, we perceive at once that the account is so far fallacious, and the appearance of wretched cabins con- firms our suspicion. Of Londonderry, Donegal, Tyrone, and part of Antrim, we have already stated that they are amongst the worst cultivated of all the counties. We will illustrate our assertion by the following extracts from the report of the deputation appointed to inspect the condition of the estate of Moneymore in Derry, at a time when (in 1818) it contained 1791 families, in the following proportions: — Church of England 534 Presbyterian 4347 Catholic • 5859 Total IO.740 individuals. 12 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. " Of that number, 5523 are reputed not to be in a con- dition to pay for medical or surgical aid if they should need it; and it is estimated that there are 2419 children under about twelve years of age, whose parents are not in circum- stances to enable them to pay for any instruction for them." They also inform us that, " The three divisions of the pro- perty are inhabited by persons of three different descrip- tions (Scotch settlers anterior to the Reformation, original Irish, and Scotch settlers since the Reformation) : never- theless, the general habits of life, and mode of cultivation, are much alike in all of them. There is a cabin, and some- times two, upon each holding and subdivision of holding. These cabins are mere mud-huts, covered sometimes with straw, at other times with reeds or swards, and are rarely water-tight : the natural soil is the floor. Sometimes there is a hole in the roof to serve for a chimney ; at other times the door serves as the channel for the exit of the smoke, and generally, but not universally, there is a partition be- tween that part of the cabin which is devoted to the use of the family, and that part which is applied to the use of the horse, the cow, or the goat, and the pigs. Their furniture and clothing are bad : upon the second division they appear miserable in the extreme. None of the clothing appears to have been originally made of coarse materials adapted to the use of peasants, as in England, but to be patched cast-off clothes, for which object a considerable trade is carried on between Scotland and Ireland." " The families thus housed and clothed, with a horse, if they are able to keep one, severally do the whole work of a farm. They grow nothing but oats, potatoes, and flax. The course in which they follow each other seems rather to be accidental than regular." Omitting exceptions for the present, the above is a fair description of the vaunted estates in Derry, possessed on GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 13 the grant of James I. by the twelve great corporations of the city of London : nay, more, it is the property of the most liberal of those corporations, the Draper's Com- pany, who instituted the inquiry for the purpose of doing- good, and who have since set an example by really doing good. We shall by and bye explain why, amidst so much poverty, the Catholics are even worse off than the Protestants. It may thus be perceived, that although much mischief i3 no doubt derived from contending opinions among men of different origins, persuasions, and prejudices, the great contrast is between the more liberal principles and ten- dencies of commerce, and the sordid or ill-judged proceedings of the agricultural proprietors. Whilst the spirit of com- merce tries to extend capital, and sustain itself by the pro- ceeds thereof, the clumsy regulations of the landlords and their dependants, annihilate its effects, and convert capital into unproductive revenue. Every shilling that is em- barked in trade is supposed to repay interest, and thereby to increase the means of further outlay and improvement : but Irish landlords and Irish cultivators carry off the very fund of nature's fertility, and restore neither interest nor capital. In the tables of imports and exports at the end of this essay, items will be found that tend to prove that Ireland is really progressing, notwithstanding the above gloomy picture; and although this outline is a true portrait of the general character of Irish letting and sub-letting, and of the improvidence that ensues, we trust that the effects of British enterprise and Britain's example, with the attempts in progress to establish a better plan, and to create confi- dence and care, in Ireland itself, will soon efface the like- ness, and paint a smile where the scowl of despair is now 14 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. delineated. Till lately, the increase of exports and imports was nearly balanced by a fearful increase of unprovided inha- bitants ; poor lands are annually taken up and abandoned ; and in many places, manufactures that for a time appeared to flourish, find it impossible to compete with their rivals in Scotland and in England. Before we mention the various proposed improvements for Ireland, let us enjoy the contemplation of prosperous realities, of successful attempts to plant civilization and comfort even amidst lawless misery. We have already noticed the estate of Moneymore, in Londonderry. In consequence of the report on its misery, and the recommendation of the deputation, the Draper's Company gave heed to the suggestion of laying out a large portion of its rent on real improvement, as it had been found that there was so great a deficiency of capital, that the houses of sixty-four persons were in an actually dangerous state, without any hope of remedy. A few years after, in the report of 1832, we find that " the deputation were highly pleased with the state and general appearance of the town of Moneymore. Com- paring it with other towns through which they passed on their way from Dublin, and with those which they subse- quently visited on their return by way of Belfast, they cannot but congratulate the Court on the complete and entire success which has attended their plans adopted by the Company. It is difficult by any language" (say they) " to draw a picture which shall adequately convey to the mind a representation of the contrast between Moneymore, as it was less than fifteen years ago, and Moneymore as it now is : the few remains of wretched huts and cabins of the old town serving to render the contrast more striking, while they cannot fail to induce an anxiety, that the same GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 15 liberal spirit of improvement which has done so much, may be long continued with equal success." " The deputation visited all the schools under the patro- nage of the Company. They were much gratified by the appearance and conduct of all of them (the children)." " The deputation, while at Draper's Town, witnessed the esteem, and even affection, with which all the neighbouring tenantry regard Mr. Savage, the surgeon of the dispensary there ; as an instance of which, the labouring people in his neighbourhood had, of their own accord, and without his knowledge, shortly before the arrival of the deputation, gratuitously cut and housed the whole of his harvest." We need only to add, as a proof of the good feeling of all concerned, that the Company paid proper attention to the former reports, by erecting a church, and in repairing Ca- tholic and Presbyterian chapels, and even by allowing stipends to the ministers thereof when they required it. If not the most instructive, probably the most interesting evidence relative to a particular improvement, is contained in the answers of Mr. John Wiggins to the commissioners appointed to examine the state of the poor in Ireland. Mr. Wiggins, who gave his evidence in May 1830, had, for twenty-two years, managed the estate of Lord Headley, at Iveragh, in Kerry. His account of it is as follows : — " It is in a very mountainous district by the sea-side, on the banks of the bay of Castlemain. There are about 15,000 acres, English. In 1808, the population was an extremely savage one. It was an asylum for all the offenders, robbers, and murderers, in that part, and of the whole county ; it used to be the boast of the people, that no criminal was ever punished from it. The first time I 16 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. visited the place, a major of the army waited upon me to say he was deputed as escort to collect some taxes, the hearth-money, I believe. He requested my influence, as the appointed agent, to dispose those people to pay ; for he said they had met him upon the bridge, or a small pass between the mountains, and they told him they would sacrifice him and his party of soldiers if he stirred another foot into that place, and he made a retreat, and called upon me to assist, which of course I declined ; and I believe they never paid any thing, whilst the rest of the country did pay. Shipwrecks called out a great many of their quali- ties of enterprise : they used to build their cabins upon the cliff, in order to have a good look out for the wrecks ; they considered them as part of their means of subsistence. Their habitations were very miserable, the very lowest kind of huts that are found in Ireland, without windows or chimneys. I recollect at that time there were about 1200 cows upon those 15,000 acres, and the place was consider- ably overstocked, which is a very common fault of the cottier tenants of Ireland. The cattle were called lifters when they were so starved that they could not get up with- out lifting. They were constantly quarrelling ; it was a kind of sessions that one held in going there : they were coming to complain of each other, and constant assaults and fightings were taking place amongst them ; that a good deal arose from the partnership tenancy ; there were four- teen or fifteen people associated in one lease, and those people were constantly squabbling about the division of their little meadows, or the stocking of (the stock on) their little holdings. Very few wore shoes and stockings ; they were extremely ill clothed at the time. " There was one mountain road which passed at the side GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 17 of a very extraordinary cliff, like Penmanmaur, in Wales, and extremely rugged and rough ; it was the only road in the district. There was not a single car at that time in the whole district : they had sticks placed with cross-bars, and drawn upon the ends, but very seldom even that, for back-load horses with baskets were then used. " At the present moment it exhibits a very extraordinary contrast to the condition I have described : the people are now well clothed, they are extremely industrious and orderly, and I have seen them attending the chapel twice a-day, as well clothed, and as neat and orderly, and as well conducted, as you see in a country village in England. The houses are very considerably changed ; there are about 150 new houses built upon the place, and they are as neat houses as you will see almost in England — some of them are sixty feet in front, and the old cabins are converted into cow-houses and places for cattle. The agriculture has considerably improved; they have got into the habit of using sea-sand. I gave them a small allowance for the use of it at first, but I gradually reduced that ; and they now use an immense quantity without any allowance. We have had about 2000 acres of bog reclaimed since the year 1808, and considerably improved. The original road has been converted, by a new line, into a fine mail-coach road ; but Lord Headley has made, at his own expense, about twelve miles of the other road fit for the purposes of the people. Almost every one of the principal farmers has now a car. I conceive the state of Glenbegh to be now greatly superior to the neighbouring districts, and really, to a stranger, affording a great contrast. There was a great pressure upon parts of Kerry in 1821 ; out of a population of 230,000, 170,000 were reported to have been destitute of the means of subsistence for the moment. Instead of suffering from 18 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. want of food, the people of Glenbegh were enabled to sell food to the rest of the country : of potatoes they sold a very considerable quantity. " The means adopted for the improvement of Glenbegh were, generally, an attention to the character of the people, and a constant desire on the part of the managers of the estate, to avail themselves of the disposition of the people to the improvement of the lands, and to the improvement of their habits and character generally. It was done with very little sacrifice of rent or of money, but a constant and earnest attention to the object of improving the estate by the industry of the people ; and whenever any particular instance of good management or industry, or of care to collect sand or sea-weed, or to reclaim or cultivate land, or to build a decent house, was evinced by any of the people, they were encouraged by some little emolument or atten- tion. I think the first system was, to allow the people half the value of the improvements made out of their rents ; but as those rents were very considerably higher than could have been paid, we conceived that the allowance was rather nominal than real, though it had the real effect of improving the estate. If the estate were to be sold now, I should say it would sell for many thousands of pounds more than it would have done before ; even allowing for what would have been the natural progress of the estate without those attentions and urging. In fact, seeing the necessity of either abandoning the estate to waste, or of doing some- thing in the way of improvement, Lord Headley wished its improvement to be urged, and it was urged ; and his own personal attention had a great deal to do with it. " Every kind of legal process is now carried on there, I think, more easily than in any other part of the county. .During 1 the disturbances that occurred in its neighbour- GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 19 hood, the inhabitants had a meeting, and passed resolu- tions in a style rather of superiority, disavowing any par- ticipation in those feelings, and stating that the reason they did not, was the attention that had been paid to them, and to their improvement, for so many years." The following evidence relates to a large extent of coast round the south of Ireland, from the Shannon westward, even to the Suir, to the south-east. It is taken from the answers of Mr. Barry, inspector-general of the fisheries for the south of Ireland, May 1830. That gentleman had then held the above office nearly eleven years. " A great many of the peasantry are employed in the fisheries; principally in and adjacent to the best harbours, Dungarvan, Kinsale, Youghal, Courtmashery, Glandore, Baltimore, Bantry, and Dingle. " The number of fishermen in the district was, by the last returns, about 25,000 persons. That number has been considerably augmented. Fisheries are at best but a precarious mode of subsistence ; however, they have given profitable occupation to a very large number, and have diffused a great deal of wealth among other classes, who derive the benefit of the industry of those people ; that fact may be particularly illustrated by reference to the town of Dungarvan, which, from a miserable wretched village, is grown into a place of very considerable import- ance, chiefly from the fisheries. Every thing that the most beneficent individual could do to promote industry and improvement, has indeed been done by the noble pro- prietor (the Duke of Devonshire), and still more particu- larly by his invaluable representative, Colonel Currie ; but their efforts have been very much aided by the fisheries. The general average of the wages of labour in the country is from 8d. to lOd. a day in that quarter; I should think 20 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. that any industrious fisherman can, on an average, earn much more. I think the condition of the fishermen of Dungarvan is perhaps rather worse than that of other fishermen, owing to the circumstance of their being exclusively dependent upon the one source of employment, and having generally no small spots of land upon which their families may raise potatoes. The clothing, and the furniture, and the com- forts of the houses of the fishermen generally, have decidedly improved. I think the progress of improvement in Ireland, both moral and practical, for the last ten years, has been exceedingly rapid : I think there is a considerable diminution of crime, and a very gratifying submission to the laws; and there is, generally speaking, the highest gratification experienced by the peasantry, at the amazing alteration that has taken place in the administration of justice. I regret to say there is a great general want of employ- ment, there being a considerable supply of labour over the demand. In those parts of the country with which I am best acquainted, means of employing that labour profit- ably, so as to yield an adequate return for the capital that may be engaged in the operation, are afforded to an inde- finite degree by the contiguity of the sea. The Board under which I have acted, within a few years, adopted the plan of small loans, to enable the peasantry upon the coast to avail themselves of the advantage of their contiguity to the fisheries, that has worked admirably well ; many per- sons who were an incumbrance and burthen to society, no better than paupers, have become productive, useful, and industrious, and have repaid, with extraordinary punc- tuality, those small loans*. The idea of those loans owes * Such an arrangement, if between individuals, might be called a natural combination of capital and industry. GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 21 its origin to the judicious suggestions of the London com- mittee. It has been in operation since 1823, but not judiciously or efficiently worked longer than about three or four years. The Fishery Board has also built small piers on different parts of the coast, principally for the fisheries, but also for landing sea manure, and for the general pur- poses of trade. In all places where such works have been erected, in consequence of applications from individuals who have contributed, they have been well executed, and are extremely useful. Some works were erected in the early part of the Board's operations, when the selection of sites was not judicious : they have been of little service. The condition that requires the pecuniary contributions of the party applying, has had a tendency to secure the pro- per selection of works, and a fair return upon capital invested. It is a principle I should be glad to see extended to almost all the public works of Ireland. I scarcely know any place in Ireland where the investment of capital, judi- ciously laid out, would not produce a profit far beyond the interest of the money expended. I should not conceive it advantageous to lay out money, either raised locally or from general taxation, that did not yield a profitable return. The difficulty that at present exists in prevent- ing such employment, is the want of capital, perhaps in the quarter where it could be most judiciously expended. Public works, if undertaken upon the aforesaid principles, entirely limited to works yielding a return, would afford the best, and, in my mind, the only effectual remedy for the disproportion that exists between the supply and the demand for labourers. " Agriculture has also been improved to a most astonish- ing degree, upon the opening of roads. All along those roads that have been lately laid down and executed, through 22 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. remote and wild districts, there is an appearance of increasing civilization and improvement that is quite amazing, considering the very short time they have been executed. I think it is the first step towards inducing a better arrangement of the population, that every thing will follow as soon as those remote districts are rendered acces- sible by proper communication. Among the causes that prevent improvement are, very general distress among the owners and proprietors of land ; in some cases family entails, which prevent leases to enterprising persons with means. " Distress chiefly prevails in the manufacturing parts of the county of Cork: where there was greatest prosperity a few years ago, when our local manufactures flourished, there is now most distress. The towns of Bandon and Clonakilty are in a most miserable state of distress. I never saw things so heart-rending as one may witness there. That source of encouragement which I think has been the most effectual in improving the fisheries, was the system of making loans for the purpose of enabling poor destitute persons on the sea-coast to avail themselves of the advantages of their contiguity to the sea. It has worked admirably well, and the repayment of the small loans has been uncommonly regular, considering the miserable state of destitution in which the persons were. The loans have been much more punctually repaid in the southern and the western districts than in the northern or the eastern. An interest of five per cent, is invariably charged and paid. The Fishery Loan Fund has been arranged under a strict system of rigid superintendence. I consider that where- ever the fishermen have had small gardens, or parcels of land, there has been generally least liability to sudden dis- tress. The possession of potatoe grounds, if carried too far, induces them to neglect their fishing ; but I do not GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 23 think the cultivation of an acre would he considered farm- ing ; and of course there will be parts of the family not occupied in fishing, who could produce, through their own labour, a sufficiency of potatoes. The system of clearing estates is generally conducted in a manner very inconsist- ent with the principles of humanity. The lease of a pro- perty expiring, the landlord has found it to be his interest to remove what he considered the surplus population upon it, and to divide the land into a smaller number of large farms ; that system, accompanied by restriction upon the takers of those farms, on the subdividing or the giving any portion of them to the small tenantry, has obliged those persons to abandon the country, and flock into the towns. " There is a very considerable emigration to England at certain seasons of the year. Those who emigrate are gene- rally our best labourers. I attribute to the system of interchange between the two countries, and the habits of industry our labourers acquire in their occasional migra- tions to England, some of our greatest improvements*. They generally bring back money, and are certainly better disposed to take care of it, after having been in England than before. The late facilities given by steam navigation to the intercourse between the two countries, have pro- duced very considerable improvements in the habits of the Irish peasantry. I have also had an opportunity of wit- nessing the beneficial consequences resulting from the establishment of a department almost exclusively English, or Welsh; I mean the Coast-guard. Wherever they have * A gentleman, on whose information we have reason to rely, has informed us, that some years ago the number of Irish farming labour- ers who annually visited us was 80,000 ; and the average sum carried back by each 71-, amounting altogether to 560, 0001. This has indeed diminished, but it has so in consequence of the present great importa- tion of Irish provisions of all sorts. 24 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. been stationed, the most obvious improvement has taken place in the neighbourhood. They are an extremely well* regulated, well-conducted class of persons; and the exam- ple they have shown has been productive of the most bene- ficial consequences. Not the slightest jealousy was ever manifested on the part of the people towards those strangers." The settlements of Iskerbane and Castle Sampson, on the estate of Lord Clonbrock, in Roscommon, are also very interesting. By an expenditure estimated at 1200/., sixty families have been settled in comfort, and a turbulent dis- trict rendered peaceable, whilst the return of six per cent, on the outlay proves it to be a wholesome speculation. A main feature in the plan was to assist drainage and irrigation, by completing the leading drain, leaving it to the settlers to make the small drains as they require them. Mr. Blacker's arrangements on Lord Gosford's estate have also been very successful. To the above evidence relative to improvement in the means of subsistence, and other opportunities of improve- ment among the peasantry of Ireland, we must add the case of the Barony of Forth, in Wexford, and Shanagolden, in Limerick, as well as Lismore, Besborough, Ballase- dere, and the estates of Lord Palmerston, near Sligo, and those of Lord Duncannon and Mr. Tighe, near Waterford. The Baronies of Forth and Bargie were originally a colony from Wales*, and are particularly remarkable for the good cultivation and neatness of their fields, and the steady propriety, and apparent comfort of the inhabitants, who have in the south of Ireland become proverbial for every * It is very surprising that this colony should, from the time of Henry II. have remained distinct and peculiar : that it should have retained its original language and manners to the present time. What a subject for investigation ! — See Mrs. S. C. Hall's " Characteristics." GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 25 thing commendable ; living abstemiously, in order to pro- vide against probable difficulties, and exerting their utmost care and industry to render their homes worthy the good name of their society, and a valuable example to all around. If the influence of that example had extended over the whole island, there would be no complaint of misery in Ireland: but the effect has been but local, although all around them, the virtue of providence is more remark- able than in any other agricultural district in Ireland**. A superficial writer, who has monopolised too much of public attention, reproaches the " farmers of Wexford with living penuriously," in order to fortuning their daughters, as none will marry them without, it being usual to match acre for acre, or pound for pound. If this custom were a little more general, comfort and intelligence, sobriety and education, would also be more general,and that reckless improvidence which has ever been the unconquerable impediment to honourable civilization, would have been overcome. Neither the warmth of man- ner, the amusing incongruity of the Irish, nor their despe- rate misery, would indeed add zest and poignancy to our romances, but the work of legislation would be accomplished. Shanagolden was an instance of the same kind. A colony of Protestants from Germany having been settled there by Lord Southwell, at the beginning of the last century, the vil- lage and its neighbourhood improved to such a degree as to form a most cheerful contrast to other spots. It is situated a little to the south of the Shannon, half-way between the town of Limerick and the sea. It obtained the admira- tion of Arthur Young, in 1768; but we lament that its superiority is no longer conspicuous. The estates of the Duke of Devonshire and the Earl of * Might they not be located on portions of large estates, as examples and instructors to others? 26 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. Fitzwilliam, are too well known to be amongst the best managed in Ireland to need a long comment. That of Lord Palmerston, near Sligo, is also remarkable for the liberality of its owner. Lord P. is said to spend the whole of its revenue on its improvement. Ballasadere, the seat of Sir Robert Gore Booth, in the same neighbourhood, or rather, we may say, between the Bay of Donegal and that of Sligo, on the shores of the Atlantic, is also a rather extraordinary instance of sudden improvement. The above-mentioned domains belong to generous, liberal- minded absentees : Sir Robert is no longer so : having improved his taste by travel, he has returned home, in order to sweep away the unsightly hovel and slovenly cabin. The building of his new splendid mansion has given a sti- mulus to industry, and the neat cottages with which he is surrounding it, will probably create a taste for comfort, and a demand for further improvement. Lord Besborough is renowned for having set a similar example at his fine estate at Carrick-on-Suir. There are other instances of noble attempts at improvement ; and although some of the nobility and gentry have been hastily blamed for attempt- ing to improve their property by refusing small plots of ground to poor tenants, we feel assured that the contrary system is at least as injurious. Ireland does not want more tenants, but more capital ; not a greater number of wretched cabins, but an increase of comfort ; and before we have done, we hope to convince the candid and the intelligent, that excessive indulgence is as injurious, because more insidious, than open severity, and that nothing but an increase of liberality and security, which depend entirely on an equality of taxation, and not on bounties — on strict jus- tice, not on favour — on the judicious employment of a reproducing capital, and not on the thoughtless applica- GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 27 tion of revenue (which, however great, must always be exhaustible) — can raise Ireland to an equal participation of prosperity with England. Enough is, indeed, already evi- dent, to prove the correctness of this opinion. To build a palace may call forth industry, but it does not replace the amount lavished thereon; when other works succeed so as to employ the increased skill and industry, it may be called useful, otherwise it increases the supply beyond the de- mand ; but the erection of piers and construction of ports, the formation of roads and canals, the increase of fertility to the soil, repay the disbursement with interest, and is again, with increased means, employed in further and progressive improvement. We have now mentioned, first, the general state of agricultural Ireland, and the leading exceptions to that unhappy condition ; we proceed to its commerce and manufactures. The manufactures, and much of the commerce of the island, used formerly to consist principally of linen. Lime- rick was an exception, so far as a considerable exportation of shoes and gloves. The manufacture of linen was, and is yet immense ; but depended not a little on the bounties that so long were considered necessary to a trade which was nevertheless declared to be the most productive and secure, and even the natural source of its wealth*. The natural means of a country require no forcing stimulus, and to force that which is not natural, is most unnatural and baneful. During the Irish Parliament, bounties were in fashion, and the effects plain and decisive. One mem- ber of that body received a handsome grant to build a * We allude not only to the actual bounties, but also to the indirect, such as the low modus of tithe, which promotes the cultivation of flax, in preference to corn, &c. 28 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. pier : it was not long before the pier in question was found useless, and liable to destruction. Another was rewarded for his encouragement of the glass manufacture, or his enterprise in mining speculation. The main object (money) being thus obtained, the glass-works were closed, and the mining discontinued. Again : where large sums were expended in furtherance of the fisheries, the con- structions having been completed, and numbers of persons called off from their usual avocations, the undertaking proved abortive ; and the disappointed hundreds had again to seek the spade and the mattock, in worse condition than before, wondering what had become of the liberality of Parliament. Another and a greater evil was, the bounty on Irish coal mines, to the ruin of its manufactures, and the discom- fort of its people. For the purpose of encouraging the working of those mines, a heavy duty was imposed on the importation of British coal. Now it is quite certain that Ireland, without this bounty, could not supply increasing manufactures with a sufficiency of fuel : even with it, the mines of Antrim and Kilkenny were unable to stand the competition, most of them being either totally abandoned, or greatly neglected. The inhabitants had therefore to buy coals imported from Britain, at a price greatly en- hanced by the tax. What could be more hurtful to their industry and comfort? How could cotton-spinners, even with lower wages, hope, with such impediments, to compete with Manchester and Glasgow ? Accordingly, the facto- ries at Wexford and other places are far from prosperous, and the miseries of Bandon need only to be mentioned. It is true, that Belfast rose superior to every difficulty, and stands pre-eminent in Ireland ; having, in conse- quence of its enfranchisement from the monopoly of GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 29 Carrickfergus, in 1637, proceeded in its forward course of steady improvement. There can be no doubt that much of its superiority over other towns in Ireland, depends on its situation, but much more on its liberal charac- ter. Having, as above mentioned, freed itself from the thraldom of a neighbouring town, its inhabitants have still more completely emancipated the town, by discontinuing the election of freemen with the customary fines. The Guilds, and the very Town house, have been suffered to fall into decay or oblivion. The same liberality w T as manifest at the introduction of the cotton manufacture by Messrs. Joy, M'Cabe, and M'Cracken, in 1771. Instead of affecting mystery, those gentlemen assisted all who desired to become acquainted with the process. The enterprise of Messrs. Wilson, and the talent of Mr. Grimshaw, are alike commendable ; and in less than forty years from the introduction of this manu- facture, the number of persons of all sorts, w T ho derived employment therefrom, in Belfast and its neighbourhood, exceeded 26,000 ; nor can we doubt that the abolition of duties on coals and every other article for importation or exportation ; together with a similar abolition of bounties, will give to this manufacture a decided superiority over that of linen, and conduce to the cleanliness and comfort of all classes. Cotton factories have been established with various success, in Dublin, South Kildare, Wexford, Wicklow, Bandon, &c. While the Irish have exported nearly all the linen on which there was a bounty, they wear a good deal of cotton, on which there never was any: so that the people of England paid the bounties, not only on what they them- selves wore, but further, in order that the inhabitants of America, or of Spain, might obtain fine linen cheap. 30 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. It is woeful to find that another manufacture, far more injurious than the preceding, deserves, even more than that of linen, to be called the staple of the country: it is not confined to a few counties, but in various degrees thrives in them all ; we allude to the distillation of whiskey*. The amount of legal distillation, that is, of spirit that pays the duty, has for years been above 8,000,000 gallons f, nine- tenths of which were for Ireland's own consumption, the remainder being either exported, or consumed on board ship ; but it is supposed that as much is produced from the illicit stills as that which pays duty, making together, at least 15,000,000 gallons: so that, deducting that which is exported, more than two gallons remained for each indi- vidual, old or young, man, woman, or child. That as much grain as might suffice a million of persons should be sacri- ficed in this way, is truly lamentable ; the only chance of a remedy appears to be in the reduction of the malt duty, and the consequent increase of breweries. The principal licensed distilleries are at Drogheda, Dublin, Ross, Cork, and Limerick; the breweries are chiefly in Antrim, Belfast, Roscommon, Fermanagh, Limerick, Dublin, Waterford, Cork, Dunnamore and Dungarrow, and consume twice as much malt as the licensed stills, Dublin porter having attained so high a reputation, as to compete successfully with the London. Poplins, coarse woollens, canvass and sail-cloth, potteries, glass, lead, and paper, make up the amount of Irish manufactures, which were some years ago, during the war, in a great measure sustained by the impe- * The high duty on malt, prevents the licensed stills from fairly com- peting with their illicit rivals : to sell the spirit at an equally low price, the fair dealer is obliged to mix five or six parts of unmalted grain with one of malt ; hence the inferiority of the produce, and the great d cmand for the smuggled article. t Now increased to 9,300,000. GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 31 tus of government expeditions and shipments; but which, it may be hoped, are now likely to depend on a better foun- dation — the improvement of agriculture, and a wholesome commerce ; and better yet, from the amendment of internal regulations. From the evidence of Mr. Williams, in 1830, we learn, that the first steam vessel introduced on the Shannon, was in 1827: within three years, the tonnage of conveyance had increased from two thousand to fourteen thousand tons, or seven-fold. In place of casual and insufficient intercourse, daily communication for passengers and trade had been established for fifty miles above, and forty below Limerick ; a great expenditure had been made on ports, piers, cranes, &c, at the many stations along the shores of Lough Dergh : and many are the demands for an increase of the stations, in consequence of their effect on the condition of the people, and the prices of various articles, not only on those of home produce, but also on timber, iron, earthenware, glass, salt, implements of husbandry, &c, from without. Formerly, from want of adequate communication, each spot along the banks of that noble river, had its own peculiar superabun- dance of one article, and a miserable deficiency of many : but since the establishment of steam navigation, every thing finds its proper level, and a wholesome circulation spreads, on all sides, a due share of turf, hay, potatoes, coals, slates, manure, clay, lime-stone, brick, &c*. * It must not, however, be supposed, that enough has been done : according to Messrs. Rhodes and Birmingham, from the impediments to navigation at Battle-bridge, at Carrick, at Curna Curea, James Town, Rusky-bridge, thence to Clondra, at Clondra Canal and Lanesboreugh, two or three million acres of land are precluded improvement, and the -whole navigation often requires fifteen days instead of two, whilst the toll dues along the course of the river exceed ten shillings per ton ; although Mr. Williams declared, that " a few hundred pounds would 32 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. Similar advantages have been derived from the Grand Canal and the Royal Canal, which connect the Shannon with the capital, passing through the very middle of the island ; and that from Ballinasloe to the Shannon. A rail- way has just been constructed from Dublin to Kingstown : the distance is only five miles and a quarter ; but the enter- prising landlord of Quin's hotel, at Bray, having offered a subscription of 5001. for that purpose, there is reason to hope that, in a short time, it will be continued to that place, as others will soon see the advantages of following his example. The great western railway to the Shannon is also likely to be effected. On this subject we must men- tion, an extraordinary instance of speculative enterprise and judgment. Hitherto British capital has been looked to as the only means of enriching Ireland : it is at last dis- covered that a judicious reciprocity is available, and that Irish capital, expended in Britain, can also tend to the advancement of Ireland's best interests. We allude to the formation of a railway in Wales, by an Irish company. We believe that a distinguished Alderman of the city of Dublin is the great promoter of this undertaking. It proceeds from near Lake Cawmorthyn, above Festiniog, by the side of Moel Wyn Mountain, to Tremadoc, on the coast, a distance of near twelve miles, for the purpose of conveying the best Welsh slate, at a cost of probably less than two shillings per ton for carriage, in place of ten, as was for- merly charged. We know of few things more likely to improve Ireland : it is calculated to rouse its capitalists to exertion, and to introduce comfort to many a house that yet go a great way in effecting the removal of shoals and rocks ; the altera- tion of inconvenient bridges, improving the towing-paths, providing small harbours, beacons, land-marks, buoys, and other improvements." Of course, supposing individuals to undertake it. GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. o3 wants it : tidy cottages are seldom found under a thatch roof; and the potatoe ground is less productive where the straw is so employed. But when hetter means are resorted to, the neatness of the dwelling, and the cleanliness of the pig- stye, will evince the consequence ; nor will any landlord ever think of binding a tenant to repair (thatch) the roof of his hut but once in three or in four years, lest he apply the straw to the protection of his family, at the expense of the land. The Irish may, by such proceedings, learn the value of intercourse with other and more favoured people ; they will find that a reciprocal exchange of advantage is the most productive, and the only permanent source of wealth and happiness. Proof of this may be found in the accounts of the intercourse by steam across the Irish chan- nel, and in the effects of the Manchester and Liverpool railway. From the Report of the Committee of the House of Commons, 1830, we learn, that a capital of 671,0007. was then engaged in steam navigation across the channel. The number of vessels employed were forty-two in number : that, in consequence, the supply of Irish produce to Eng- land had greatly increased, particularly as regards all those articles that the great English farmers affect to consider beneath their attention, fifty tons of eggs, and ten tons of poultry, being sometimes shipped from Dublin in a single day, the value of eggs exported from that harbour in six years amounting to no less than 173,000/. Live pigs, poultry, &c, are now conveyed to the Manchester market almost as easily as cotton. Diversity of religion does not of necessity induce poverty and inconvenience. History informs us, that, under a firm, good government, it may increase the energies and exertions of individuals and of nations. Flow has it been in Ireland ? The north of that island is said to be Pro- 34 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. testant, and the south and west distinctly and generally Catholic ; and a marked difference is supposed to proceed from this distinction. Leinster is considered as divided between the two, and to form a kind of neutral state, pos- sessing some of the knowledge and industry of Ulster, with a mixture of Catholic indifference and poverty. If we wish to ascertain the real state of things, we shall first inquire how far Ulster is really more Protestant than Connaught and Munster, and in what it is more prosperous and happy. The Protestants in Ulster are very far from a majority of its population ; they do not, indeed, amount to one-third thereof, although, in some of the towns, such as London- derry, they are perhaps more numerous than the Catholics. Is Ulster richer than the other parts of Ireland? The merchants of Belfast, the capitalists of Derry, and a few other places, are well off; a few farmers hold decent por- tions of land, and dwell in comfortable abodes, particularly in Fermanagh ; but it would be ridiculous to assert that the mass of the population are not ill clothed, ill fed, ill provided with fuel, and miserably lodged. In the agricultural dis- tricts, ignorance and poverty are as strongly marked as in the provinces of Connaught and Munster. The great land- lords of this province are absentees ; parish or partnership tenantry are increasing; potatoes form the bulk of the food of five- sixths of the inhabitants; illicit stills are in constant operation in all the mountainous districts, and unequal rights, as well as unequal taxation, are everywhere conspicuous. If we consult the Protestants in this district, they will no doubt boast, and not without cause, of their superior wealth and importance, of the advantages of their creed over the religious persuasion of the southern Irish ; they may prove that the tithes are collected among them with less difficulty and bloodshed ; and they will probably GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 35 be right in so doing : but it will really amount to nothing, when we consider that almost the whole of the pro- perty in Ulster belongs to Protestants, partly from royal grants, in consequence of rebellions and forfeitures ; partly from acquired possession, in times of famine and misery : from such causes the grand juries, as well as all other im- portant offices, are composed of Protestants : the civil and the military places of emolument are exclusively their's; the bishops sees and deaneries, the tithes and the glebe lands, enrich another portion of the Protestants, and add to their general control : Ulster is therefore so far essentially Pro- testant, and ought, accordingly, to be in a superior condi- tion*. In the south of Ireland, where a good deal of land is held by Catholics, tithe is exacted on potatoes ; whilst, in Ulster, where it is all in the hands of Protestants, such produce is exempt, and therefore contests are less frequent. Still, the main difference between the inhabitants of the province itself is kept up ; for the Protestant maintains but one church ; the Catholic contributes to the support of two, and is therefore kept poorer than his neighbour : he does not indeed pay the tax out of his patch of potatoes, and he therefore takes best care of that produce, and neglects other cultivation that is subject to the unpleasant burthen. So much for bounties, of which Ulster has certainly had its full share. Bounties caused its inhabitants to rear flax and potatoes, instead of corn and cattle ; and bounties precluded the comfort of abundant fuel. The difference between the peasant in Ulster, who supports two religious instructors, and those of Munster and Connaught, scarcely averages the tithe on potatoes. Of the various public institutions in Irish towns, for the * In the county of Down payments are universally made in money, not in labour— an immense advantage ; the consequence of commerce. 36 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. care of the sick and maimed, ot those for the prevention of beggary, or the promotion of industry, for the dissemination of morality and religion, most of them are nearly similar to those of England, and, like them, are often either useless, su- perfluous, or injurious. Hospitals for accidental cases are indeed so necessary, that all countries that pretend to any share of humanity and civilization, have adopted them; but where they admit cases of a more doubtful nature than those that require surgical assistance, those who do not pos- sess a proper claim, are too often received, to the exclusion of the more needy and deserving. Infirmaries of various kinds are often very injurious, by exciting improvidence, and lowering the income of the persevering labourer to the reduced average of the careless and indifferent. But if these and many other charitable institutions are of doubtful effect, Savings' Banks, for the few years they have been established in Ireland, have done more to convince us of the practica- bility of improving the Irish character, and rendering the poor of that country industrious and thrifty, than all besides. The effect of loan funds, like that of a sinking fund, is deceptive in its amount, and places the poor man in the condition of a debtor : on the contrary, the depositor in a savings bank takes pride in being a creditor : the one pays interest — the other receives it. If money is to be advanced, let it be in the form of an improved cottage and barn, in cow-sheds and styes, in hedge-rows and drains : these will pay interest in the shape of rent, and a surplus will find its way to the savings bank, to supply, in due time, improved stock, and a resource in bad seasons. The indiscriminate character of the Foundling Hospi- tals has, on the contrary, like those of the Continent, acted as a direct bounty on the worst kind of population, and on some of the worst feelings of humanity; improvidence, heed- GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. .17 lessness of character, and disregard of the natural feelings of parent and offspring. These effects have been partial 1 :} discovered, and the supplies of money are accordingly dwindling. Of the institutions for employing the poor, or for sup- pressing mendicity, it is evident that they also have failed to produce the effect intended ; they have often caused dis- content, both to the poor wretches who have been inade- quately relieved, and to the humane supporters thereof. The funds thus ineffectually expended might be otherwise applied to very great advantage : and it would be well for the liberal and charitable to learn, that partial remedies are but palliatives, and employment as a preventive far less costly than charity, in the same proportion that capital is more productive than revenue. Education is another important subject of consideration, In this, as in many other departments, there is of course considerable similarity between Ireland and England ; an university for the rich, charity-schools for the poor, and grammar-schools for those of the middling class who enter- tain no objections to such education as was befitting three centuries ago, ere science invigorated the human mind. The number of schools in the island is tolerably suf- ficient, as our tables evince : and we will venture to saw that an amount equal to the whole expense thereof, would suffice to teach nine-tenths of the population, not only reading and writing, but what is even more important, the distinction of right and wrong; but this can hardlv be accomplished by Government establishments, for thev are neither economical, efficient, or adapted to the peculiar local wants ; neither can it be successfully performed by charitable or coerced instruction, for such means deprive the blossom of its fragrance, and the fruit of its sweetness. E 38 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. In opposition to most of the above, are mechanics' insti- tutions ; they are not supported by charity, but depend on their absolute and immediate effects: juvenile schools are usually intended to engraft on the child manners and knowledge that constitute a perfect contrast to the sim- plicity or vulgarity of its home, where the work of the schoolmaster or mistress is defeated by example or ridicule : or, if a proud spirit occasionally rise superior to its less refined relatives ; discontent, indifference, and often ruin, are the consequences : but mechanics' institutions have a different course, and other tendencies ; the father, instead of returning from the pot-house to disturb the slumbering children by his broils, has, at every leisure moment, some pleasing anecdote to relate ; either how the mighty Newton rendered a soap bubble subservient to the higher purposes of philosophy, or Franklin rose, by persevering talent, to a high rank amongst men. The incidents are discussed at the breakfast table, and repeated in his absence, and all improve apace. This is the natural course where such institutions, arising from the deficiency of other schools, supply the required communication of realities and not of words. Unfortunately this is not a full-length picture of those institutions : they aim at accomplishments as well as at knowledge : they seek to rival the old system as much as to establish a new one ; and dancing, music, and foreign languages, are too often considered of equal value with a good insight to the works of nature, and with it a proper sense of the Divine power and wisdom ; they thus commu- nicate conventional with real information. In all legislation these points should be borne in mind ; whilst direct interfe- rence ought to be carefully avoided, fair opportunities to the industrious and the intelligent should be encouraged, and honour to merit. This can be done without cost ; for three GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 30 men of real talent would be thankful for that which one pompous pretender is apt to despise. The Brown Street School, Belfast, deserves also to be noticed for the good feeling that dictated the regulation, whereby each scholar is made to pay a trifle in order to disguise the charity, in the same way as the penny-a-week dispensaries, and the more distinguished artists' and mu- sicians' benevolent funds in London. On the part of the subscribers the intention is noble, but our experience leads us to fear, that even here the poison is not less effective because slow in its effects. We are conscious that know- ledge is, in a civilized state, as necessary as food; but like food it should be wholesome, and the reward of toil and care, otherwise it bears too near a resemblance to the milk of an infected nurse. These remarks are bold, and unless they be judicious they must be considered rash ; but being founded on experience, we dread not the imputation : that which costs us little, excites our presumption and not our esteem. In a country so divided by opposite interests and opinions, where diversity of religious sentiments, where hereditary antipathies and clanships, perpetuate suspicion between the rich and the poor, it is scarcely possible to regulate the magistracy and the courts of justice so that they obtain universal respect ; but in Ireland, preferments in those departments have usually been the reward of party politics, and not of merit : it is therefore not wonderful that there should be but little of that confidence and veneration so conspicuous in the English courts : instead, the fear of punishment is the main check on desperate assertion and perjury ; and this is so far from sufficient, that the hordes of witnesses, in all cases where party or family interests are at issue, afford ample scope to the shrewdness and finesse 40 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. of the pleaders, who excel in florid rhetorical display and acute cross-questioning. The increase of comfort and industry, wherever the courts have been improved, points out the importance of a better system. The above sketch of the various conditions and institutions of Ireland would not be complete, without a recapitulation of the complaints under which it suffers, and the methods already adopted to palliate or remove them, besides an account of the panacea, as well as the judicious hints that have been suggested for that purpose. We therefore turn to this as a useful task. It has been seen that slovenly cultivation, want of capital, absenteeism, or the conversion of respectable land-proprietors into needy pensioners, are the natural consequences of the usual custom of long leases of uncertain duration ; that other grievous results necessarily follow, such as subletting, middlemen, partnership tenantry, with the customary squabbles about the division of fields, and the appropriation of stock; and to conclude, an ill provided superabundance of population ; that is, numbers for whom no adequate means of productive labour and food are provided. It has been observed that entails are in many cases either the cause or the effect (sometimes both) of these evils : they often prohibit the adoption of improvements ; and where they interfere with the injurious plan of uncer- tain leases, it is usually to prevent all leases whatever, and thus adopt the opposite evil. We have also observed, that the recent practice of allowing arrears to accumulate, keeps up the nominal value of land at a fictitious price, and renders the tenant a perfect serf. It is plain, that wherever these injurious customs prevail, whatever be the religion or peculiar advantages of the place, husbandry is in a very unsatisfactory condition. Benevolence and individual exertion may oceasionally interrupt the tide GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 41 of mischief, but at length it must sweep all before it : thus the counties of Ulster, with exceptions through commerce, are as badly cultivated as those in the south of the island. We have seen that there is no one to delight in the renewal of woodlands, when time, or the oft-repeated terrors of the tempest, level them with the waste. Through want of interest, and insecurity of property, none can encounter the highly beneficial undertakings of constructing roads or canals, so as to favour the circulation of population, of food, of capital, and comfort; wherefore unequal taxation, unequal rights, ignorance and prejudice endure, and smugglers and wreckers are protected. We have not failed to notice the failure of all systems of bounties; that in spite of them, harbours have become choked up, piers been sw r ept away ; we have shown that lakes can be joined to each other, or made to communicate with the sea, and rendered eminently serviceable, not by grants, but by commerce, the ready attendant on security and industry. It has with reason been said by Mr. Williams (in evidence, 1830), that 1001. laid out by individuals would almost go as far as 1000/., if undertaken by Government, taking into consideration the charges of engineers, and the expensive machinery of a public establishment under a public board. We accordingly deprecate the direct meddling of Government : we are well aware that the ex- pediency of loans has been recommended by several very ingenious men; but we have seen nothing, either in Ireland or abroad, to warrant its adoption. Swift was, we believe, the first who attempted it; we esteem the intention, but experience should be consulted as to its benefits. In some recent cases, where loans assumed rather the appearance of partnership advances, it is said to have produced better effects, under a judicious and strict management ; but even E 3 42 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. here, for one who has profited, ten have pined in disappoint- ment and hope deferred. Mr. Barry himself acknowledges, that all improvements are best when at the expense of those who, from local causes, have a real interest, and derive the natural reward from their well-considered outlay. Some writers have indeed recommended a choice of means to Government : — either to become themselves contractors, manufacturers, and speculators, or to lend money to unsuc- cessful speculators, and thus reward men for their want of judgment and exertion. This appears almost too pre- posterous to have been written; and yet the idea is not only confidently put forth, but the system has often been adopted on the continent, by governments who shackle commerce because it is the foster parent of freedom. We know not whether the above-mentioned advisers ever, in the course of their travels, inquired into the effects of ministers of state and princes entering into mercantile spe- culations, but we will name a few of those of which we have some knowledge. Under Napoleon's government, Camba- ceres, who held first the high situation of Second Consul, and afterwards that of Arch- Chancellor to the Empire, was one of the proprietors of the coal-mining company of Anzin, which company had influence to prevent the mines of Picardy and some other provinces from being worked ; Lebrun, the Third Consul, and subsequently Arch-Treasurer, was partner in one of the largest cotton- spinning manu- factories in France ; Chaptal, the celebrated chemist, was, whilst minister of the Interior, a dangerous rival to those manufacturers of chemical productions with whom he was not in partnership. In after times, under different govern- ments, the Prince of Orange went into partnership with the Cockerells ; and Lafitte as well as Perrier wielded admini- strative power and influence, without discontinuing com- GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 43 mercial and manufacturing pursuits, subjecting the power of nations to the mercy of individual interests. The same system prevailed, as we have seen, with the Irish Parliament ; but the reign of jobbing and monopoly is, with us, nearly at an end ; may it never revive ! for we need but appeal to such cases as the above to prove their mischief. Of the fine lakes and rivers in Ireland, we believe that, up to the present time, they have served to separate districts and communities, to interpose boundaries and obstacles to mu- tual approach, and create distrust and dislike : it is time that they should be made to serve a contrary purpose, by facilitating mutual intercourse and communication. Between barbarians, large bodies of water are amongst the most efficient bulwarks against hostile surprise and devastation ; but amidst civilized men, they unite them in friendly inter- course, tie them together by mutual interests, and facilitate commerce and good understanding. We entertain not a doubt, that if equality of rights and taxation were effected, and all laws that contract the circulation of property and capital were removed, commerce would soon do all that is wanted ; that the travellers of the various houses of Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, and Birmingham, would spread more knowledge in three years than all the public institutions in Ireland have done in twenty. The Irish have no wants : wants must be created. They are half their time in idleness ; toys, and trifles, and comforts, must be the means of exciting a wholesome remunerating industry. Security of home and existence, a knowledge of a well-de- fined mine and thine, will lead to this, and other knowledge will follow; and it is right that other knowledge should follow, and not precede the practical wisdom of right and wrong. Our conviction of the duties of the legislature may thus be summed up. Equalize all duties as far as possible in 44 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. Ireland, and between that country and Britain, and avoid bounties. Improve the courts and the magistracy, avoiding all political appointments, and rendering justice most available. Let means be devised to obviate the clauses in entails that prevent leases of property. May landlords at the same time see the importance of letting the lands in such portions as the tenantry can stock and cultivate, giving, however, a preference to those who, with an equally good character, are superior in capital : let them never lose sight of the advantages of security on either side, of constant occupancy and gradual improvement, both in the farm and the capital that supports the farm ; and above all, give security to the tenant by a well-defined definite lease. It will then be unnecessary for government commissioners to encourage the fisheries by small loans, and the erection of piers. If such works are better managed when individuals participate in the risk and profit, they will be better still if left entirely to them. With regard to absenteeism, it is an evil proceeding from insecurity and want of comfort ; it will therefore diminish, whenever the jealousies and discontent are removed by good government, when misery and prejudice have been surmounted by commerce. If peace and goodwill were disseminated, no one would abandon a good estate to strangers; for absenteeism is the effect rather than the cause of evil ; nor can any law be devised against it that would not prove ten times more injurious than the thing itself; and one of the very first effects would be to force the Duke of Devonshire, the Marquis of Lansdown, Earl Fitzwilliam, and every other English proprietor, to sell their estates, and give up all interest in the fate of Ireland. Some of the Irish capital would thus be withdrawn, and the tide of improvement be brought to an ebb : it is true that the GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 45 diminished profits would all be spent at home, but little of it would be applied to the wants of the estate, when the falling off of commerce reduced the value of exertion : then it would be felt that, as the means derived from capital tend constantly to increase, those that depend on revenue are for ever dwindling. No ! free and mutual intercourse with England, competition with the more advanced portion of the nation, and a full participation in its advantages, can alone raise Ireland to the desired level. Pass law T s indeed to prevent Englishmen from vesting their capital in Irish estates ! The next thing would be to banish English inven- tions, and English enterprise ; to exclude coal and cotton, and suppress steam navigation and rail-ways. We, however, entertain no fear of the course to be pursued : there is too much good sense and goodwill on either side of the Channel to allow of a wrong, too much intelligence and liberality not to adopt a right one. Having thus advocated what we consider the best system, we are ready to acknowledge that, at the outset, an approxi- mation to perfection may be more practicable than the thing itself. When the Irish fisheries were promoted in 1819, there was more good done than harm, for the exe- cution of the project appears to have been confided to gentlemen of candour and judgment : the formation of good roads has also assisted the general improvement; the same might be expected from judicious encouragement and assistance to internal navigation, and communication by canal. Such means may be necessary for a short time, by way of example ; but the sooner the Irish are forced upon their own exertion, and to rely entirely on their own energies, without apprehension of jobbing, the sooner their amelioration will be completed : nothing but bounties, monopolies, and unequal rights, can indeed prevent Ireland 46 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. from acquiring its share of the general wealth : the case of Mr. Bianconi's establishment at Clonmel is a striking- proof of the power of individual enterprise : a private unprivileged concern like his, must rise or fall in proportion to its management : economy, civility, and attention, will keep out rivalry ; but the moment those essentials are neglected, competition will supply the deficiency; and we have no doubt whatever, that when Government has done its part, the press, by affording accurate information, will enable individuals to do their' s : and we are quite sure that Government will — nay, that it has already advanced in the right course, and as a proof of it we refer to the following contrast of former and recent legislation. In 1605, John Cutler and William Phillips, under the pretext of having discovered coal mines in Ireland, claimed a monopoly thereof. Accordingly, James I., " minding the good of his realm in Ireland," granted them " sole licence to dig for and sell coals in Ireland or beyond sea." By 18th Charles II. c. 2 (1678), the importation of cattle from Ireland was forbidden as a common nuisance, under penalty of forfeiture ; by 32nd Charles II. mutton, lambs, butter, and cheese, were prohibited in like manner. By 9th and 10th William III. c. 40, other means of repressing the manufacture of woollen cloths in Ireland having failed, the exportation of fullers earth and scouring clay from England to that country was prohibited (it being supposed that Ireland had none), and in 1698, in accordance with adresses from both Houses of Parliament, his majesty was pleased to say in reply, — " I will do all that in me lies, to discourage the woollen manufacture in Ireland." The measures soon after enacted, completely destroyed it. Catholics were in those days rendered incapable of holding property, or of receiving education. GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 47 Such was the old system : is it too much to suppose that the receut abolition of those jealous instances of legislation, the improvements of roads under government surveyors, the act of 1819 for encouraging fisheries, the Catholic emancipation bill, the increase of the number of its Mem- bers of Parliament, and the active investigation of Ireland's sufferings and her means of improvement, evince a better feeling, and foretell happier days ? Do not the encourage- ment of schools, of maps, and other means of instruction, the improvement of harbours, &c. denote at least a wish to assist Ireland ? In 1834, the shipments for Liverpool alone amounted to nearly double the whole exports of Ire- land in 1800: when, in addition to this most important fact, we find, that in the mean time the expenses of suitors in the various law-courts have been reduced thirty-five per cent., that security of circulation, and facilities of discount at reduced rates have been established; that increased confidence is shown in the augmentation of funded de- posits, and a still greater increase of the value of property, we can neither doubt the acceleration of prosperity, nor its cause ; and the commercial system having at length super- seded one of doubt and uncertainty, we feel assured that it will extend ; that as experience proves the necessity of other means, those other means will be resorted to, and amongst them, the laws and customs relative to landed property will no doubt be attended to. The following statistical notes are explanatory of some of the above remarks: — In 1800, the official value of all Exports from Ireland was £.4,350,640, and the whole of its Imports, £.4,657,784. In 1820, the official amounts were — Exports £.5,798,582, 48 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. and the Imports .£.6,395,972 ; and they have proceeded at an increasing rate up to the present period, as indicated by the following return. TOTAL TONNAGE, entered inwards. Tons, In 1800 764,658 „ 1820 961,884 „ 1834 1,523,291 CLEARED OUTWARDS. Tons. In 1&34 1,378,938 Its exports to Liverpool alone exceeded in value £.8,000,000. The official returns of that particular part of the trade were For 1831 £.4,497,708 „ 1832 4,581,313 „ 1833 7,456,602 showing a constant increase. TONNAGE ON THE GRAND AND THE ROYAL CANALS. Tons. Tons. iaoo q C Grand-.-.. ••• 140,236 1QQO Q /Grand 227,169 W22— 6 ^ Royal ^ 19Q 1832— J | Royal 141 ,973 Total-. 228,426 Total- • 369,142 CATTLE EXPORTED. In 1770 2127 In 1820 4487 „ 1802, only- 1666 „ 1826 72,162 besides 65,919 pigs. Total quantity of grain and meal of all sorts, exported to Great Britain in the year ending October 1833 — 2,761,635 quarters, instead of importing as formerly. Another branch of produce and industry is brought to our notice in the return of the Malt made in Ireland, and having paid duty. From the year 1804 to 1817 (from GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 49 obvious causes), it averaged, without any general increase, about 700,000 bushels per annum; but in 1833 it stood thus : 1,983,532 bushels, paying a duty of £.247,954. From these returns we find, that the brewers alone consume 1,683,285 bushels, whilst the quantity of spirits legally distilled for home consumption amounted in 1832 to 8,740,139 gallons, paying a duty of £.1,365,000, for which 718,900 bushels of malt were required. SUMS RAISED AT VARIOUS PERIODS BY GRAND JURIES, FOR ROADS, BRIDGES, &C. In 1776—79 £. 14,000 In 1806 £.487,188 „ 1803 390,998 „ 1827 838,030 Advanced by Government from the Consolidated Fund for Irish service, since 1800 £.6,953,543 Of this has been repaid 2,804,083 For Public Works, and the Employment of the Poor £.3,072,160 For the Encouragement of Manufactures and Commerce- • 1,340,421 To Charitable and Literary Institutions 4,225,750 Total--.- £.8,638,331 SCHOOLS IN IRELAND. Number. Scholars. In 1812 4600 instructing 200,000 „ 1824- --.about 11,823 „ 568,964 Add Schools under the New Board. Grants made to those in operation 789 ,, 107,042 Ditto to those whose connexion with the Commissioners has ceased 52 ,, omitted Ditto to those in progress 199 ,, 36,804 Total-- •• 712,810 F 50 GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. It is however probable, that the actual number does not exceed 680,000, that is, more than one- eleventh of the whole population, or full one-half of the children between seven and twelve years of age. SAVINGS BANKS. Number of Depositors. Amount of Deposits. In 1830 34,201 •• £. 905,056 „ 1831 38,999 1,042,332 „ 1832 47,753 1,178,201 „ 1833 49,170 1,327,122 PARTICULARS, IN 1833. £. £. s. Depositors, Under 20 and averaging 7 6 • 23,600 50 30 2 • 18,262 100 65 16 . 5,579 150 119 10 . 1,242 200 161 419 Above 200 244 4 68 Total-.- • 49,170 WHOLE amount, £.1,327,122. THE POST OFFICE REVENUE, One of the best of all proofs of improvement in commerce, civilization, and comfort, is equally decisive. In 1785, it was no more than £.5,430 ; in 1805 it had risen to £.62,260, and in 1827 to £.236,648, and like every other agency, it progresses rapidly : far more so than the increase of the population. CIRCULATION OF NOTES OF THE BANK OF IRELAND. February 14th, 1833 • £.4,389,861. GENERAL STATE OF IRELAND. 51 EXTENT OF INTERNAL NAVIGATION, FOR BOATS OF 40 TONS. Miles. Shannon 210 Other rivers 180 Canals 280 Total 670 NUMBER OF NEWSPAPER STAMPS PAID FOR. From April 1832 to April 1833 5,718,600. CONSUMPTION OF SOAP IMPORTRD FROM BRITAIN. (Official J 11,358,761 lbs. or 1§ lb. each individual per annum INCREASE IN TWELVE YEARS. Of Population, 22h per cent. — of Property, 28 per cent. Besides the valuable information derived from the gentle- men whose evidence is mentioned in these pages, we refer with particular satisfaction to that of Mr. Thomas Wise, junior. GEOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF IRELAND. SITUATION AND EXTENT. Ireland is the mostwesterly of the British Islands, and is separated from Great Britain by a channel, which varies in breadth from six to forty leagues. It is situated between 51° 19' and 55° 23' N. latitude, and between 5° 19' and 10° 20' W. longitude. Its greatest length from north to south is about 235 Irish miles, and its greatest breadth about 182. In the narrowest part it is not more than 98 Irish miles in breadth ; and so irregular is the coast, and so deep are its bays, that there is no place in Ireland fifty miles from the sea. According to Mr. Wakefield, Ireland contains 32,201 English square miles, which are equal to 12,722,615 Irish acres, or to 20,437,974 English acres. The population amounts to 7,767,401. Its shores are mostly bristled by lofty rocks or hills that tend to protect the interior from the hurricane's fury. CLIMATE. The climate of Ireland is variable, but not subject to extremes either of heat or cold. The mean temperature of the northern part is 48° of Fahrenheit, of the centre 50°, and of the southern portion 52° ; rarely falling below 20°, GEOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF IRELAND. 53 or rising beyond 80° ; being neither so warm as London in summer, nor so cold in winter. High winds are frequent, with proportionably little thunder or lightning. The medium quantity of rain which falls annually is about thirty-four inches. At Dublin, and along the eastern coast, it does not exceed twenty-five inches; but at Cork it is thirty- seven, and probably along the western coast, still more. HARBOURS. Few countries are so well provided with Harbours : there are no less than fourteen for ships of the line, seven- teen for frigates, and thirty- six for coasters. Those of Cork, Bantry, Dungarvan, Dingle, Kinsale, Youghall, Waterford, Wexford, Crookhaven, Kingstown, Donagh- adee, Belfast, Carlingford, and Derry, are the most important. RIVERS. Ireland is watered by 125 rivers, which flow directly into the sea, besides numerous smaller streams. Many of these rivers are navigable, and form excellent harbours. The Shannon is the principal river of Ireland. It origi- nates in Lough Clean, in Leitrim, fifteen miles from Sligo, and, after flowing a short distance, spreads into Lough Allen. Beyond this Lough it becomes a considerable stream, and passing through two other large lakes, Lough Ree and Lough Derg, extends below Limerick into a vast estuary or firth, about sixty miles in length, and from three to ten in breadth. Its extreme course has been estimated f 3 54 GEOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT at 230 miles, and it is nearly seven miles broad at its mouth. It flows from the north, towards the south-west, and in its progress visits the following counties: Leitrim, Roscommon, Galway, Clare, Longford, Westmeath, King's County, Tipperary, Limerick, and Kerry, receiving the waters of seventy- six streams, five or six of which are navigable* This river is navigable for ships of five hundred tons, as far as the pool or harbour, within a mile of the town, and for those of three hundred up to the quays at Limerick, and is afterwards, with the assistance of a canal, navigable for small vessels to Shannon Harbour, near Banagher, where it is joined by the Grand Canal from Dublin, and above for boats. The Barrow has its rise in the Slieve Bloom mountains, and in the bog of Allen, and flows south by Athy, Carlow, and New Ross, into Waterford Harbour. Its whole course is about one hundred miles, and in its progress it receives the Nore and the Suir. It is navigable from Athy to the sea, a distance of sixty-eight miles. Its scenery is beautiful. The Blacfrwater, or Broadwater, rises in a bog near Castle Island, in Kerry, and flowing due east for about fifty miles, arrives at Cappoquin ; thence it turns to the south, and, proceeding about fifteen miles, falls into the sea at Youghal Bay. It is navigable from the sea to Cappoquin, and every where is skirted by fine prospects. The Nore rises in the Slieve Bloom mountains, and taking a south-east course, flows through the central part of Kilkenny. It then unites with the Barrow, two miles above New Ross, and thirty miles from the sea, from which place to Inistioge it is navigable. OF IRELAND. 55 The Suir rises in the north-east part of Tipperary, and passing hy the town of Clonmell, separates the counties of Tipperary and Kilkenny from that of Waterford. In its progress it receives the Barrow. It is navigable for small vessels from Waterford Harbour to Clonmell. Its shores afford delightful prospects. The Slave, or Slaney, rises in the south-west corner of Wicklow, and flowing through the counties of Carlow and Wexford, enters the sea at the town of Wexford. It is navigable for barges from Wexford to Enniscorthy. The Ban, or Banna, rises in the Mourne mountains in Down, and soon becomes a stream of considerable size. It passes Portadown, where it is joined by the Newry canal, and, a short distance farther, falls into Lough Neagh, after a course of 30 miles. Thence it issues in a north-west direction, dividing the counties of Antrim and London- derry, and enters the sea near Coleraine. Its whole course is about ninety miles. The bleach grounds on its banks are very extensive,though, owing to the adoption of chemical means that greatly reduce the time required for bleaching, they appear rather diminished than increased. The Boyne rises in Kildare, and, passing through Meath, and along the south border of Louth, enters the sea near Drogheda. Its course is about fifty miles. The Foyle flows through the counties of Tyrone, Don- egal, and Londonderry ; it passes by the town of London- derry, about four miles beyond which it forms a considerable estuary, called Lough Foyle. 56 GEOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT The Liffey is a river of inconsiderable size, but derives importance from being that on which the capital of Ireland is situated. It rises in Wicklow, about ten miles from Dublin. Mr. Robinson's iron-works and steam-engine manufactory are on the Liffey. The Bandon rises in the mountains of Carberry, and, passing Dunmanway, arrives at Inisheen. After passing Bandon, it proceeds to Inishannon, near which it becomes navigable, and thence to Kinsale. CANALS. The Grand Canal commences at Dublin, and proceeds by Shannon Harbour, near Banagher, to Ballinasloe. A branch proceeds by Portarlington to A thy, where it joins the Barrow. The tonnage on this canal in 1822 was 140,000, and in 1833, it had increased to 227,000. The Royal Canal commences at Dublin, and, passing by Mullingar, joins the Shannon near Lanesborough. These canals convey corn and turf to the capital. They are shallow in dry seasons. The conveyance by this canal was, in 1822, only 88,000 tons, but in 1833 it amounted to 227,000. The Newry Canal, which extends along the west side of Down, connects Carlingford Bay with Lough Neagh, and affords a mode of conveyance for fuel from the* Tyrone Collieries. This Canal is navigable for vessels of sixty tons. OF IRELAND. 57 The Balinasloe Canal, which extends seven miles from the Shannon to that town, is a continuation of the Grand Canal. LAKES. The lakes, or loughs of Ireland are numerous, and some of them extensive. The term Lough is synonimous with the Scottish Loch, and is sometimes applied to an estuary, or to an inlet of the sea, such as the Foyle, the Swilly, Belfast Lough, Lough Strangford, &c. Lough Erne, a remarkably fine expanse of fresh water, is composed of two lakes ; one twelve miles long by eight, the other eight by four : both renowned for their beauty. The southern portion is connected with the northern by a narrow outlet about four miles in length. Lough Neagh, which is twenty-two miles in length, and twelve in breadth, is situated between the counties of Antrim, Londonderry, Tyrone, Armagh, and Down. Among the lakes of Europe it is next in expanse to that of Geneva. Lough Corrib, in Galway, is eighteen miles in length, and from six to eight in breadth. The other lakes of Ireland are Lough Ree, between Ros- common and Longford ; Lough Derg, between Tipperary and Galway; the Lakes of Killarney, in Kerry, so cele- brated for their scenery ; Lough Allen, in Leitrim ; Lough Oughter, in Cavan ; Lough Conn, in Mayo, &c. &c. By far the greatest portion of the lakes lie in Ulster and in Connaught; for, if a line were drawn from Belfast to Bantry, the whole of them, almost without exception, would be found on the north-west side of such line. 58 GEOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT SOIL AND BOGS. Ireland does not afford much variety of soil, but the pre- vailing character of the surface is stony in the north and east : much of the central and south-western districts con- sist of a dry, mellow, sandy loam, or limestone. The stones which appear on the surface are generally calcareous, but do not injure the fertility of the land, its natural quality being considered superior to that of England, and well suited to its moist climate. The bogs of Ireland are said to occupy 2,900,000 acres, viz, 1,570,000, flat red bog, which is considered reclaimable for the plough; and 126,000 tops of hills, capable of plan- tation. The remaining 1,200,000 would not be available to cultivation. They are generally situated far above the level of the sea, and have usually an inequality of surface, which distinguishes them from the marshes of England. Their only produce is heath, bog myrtle, rushes, and sedgy grass ; the latter makes durable thatch, and the moss is employed for fuel and manure. The black turf yields many ashes when burnt, but the red scarcely any. Various con- jectures as to their origin have been made, but none have yet appeared conclusive. MOUNTAINS. The country is divided from the north-east to the south- west by a ridge, which gives rise to several rivers. The Irish hills generally form short lines, or detached groups. One group, of considerable elevation, appears on the west and south of the Lakes of Killarney, the principal of which is Mc. Gillicuddy's Reeks, 3390 feet high, 600 more than OF IRELAND. 59 Mangerton. A small line of hills extends on the north-west of Bantry Bay, and passes to the east, under the name of the Shehy Mountains. To the north of this is the line of Sliblogher and Nagles, followed by the Galtee mountains ; and towards the east are those of Knockendown, which bend southwards as they approach Dungarvan Bay. South of Tra- lee is a small chain, and to the north-east of it is a small group. These comprise all the mountains of Munster. In the province of Leinster are, Leinster Mountain, the Slieve Bloom Range, and the Killure or Wicklow Moun- tains. The last form a group about thirty miles long and twelve broad, to the south of Dublin. The highest is not much above 2000 feet high. In the south-east corner of Ulster are the mountains of Mourne, the principal of which is Mount Donard, 2810 feet high. The Slieve Croob range forms the centre of the county of Down, and several hills are scattered over the east portion of Antrim. To the north-west of Lough Neagh are the mountains of Carntogher and Slieve Gallon, and north- west of Lough Foyle is Slieve Snaght, from which other lines and groups extend towards Lough Erne. The eastern portion of Connaught presents but few mountains except those of Baughta, but the western side is one of the most mountainous regions in Ireland. The principal eminences are, Knockna Mutrea, 2729 feet high; Croagh- Patrick, south-east of Clew Bay, which rises 2666 feet above the level of the sea ; Mount Nephin, in Mayo, 2639; the Fernamoor Mountains north of Lough Mask, and the Twelve Pins near Ballinahinch. CIVIL DIVISIONS. Ireland is divided into four provinces, — namely, Ulster to the north, Connaught to the west, Leinster to the east, and Munster to the south; and these are subdivided into 60 GEOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT 32 counties. The counties are again divided into 265 baronies, and these into 2436 parishes. The Province of Ulster comprises the nine Counties of Antrim Fermanagh Armagh Londonderry Cavan Monaghan Donegal Tyrone. Down The Province of Connaught contains the five Counties of Galway Roscommon Leitrim Sligo. Mayo The Province of Leinster comprehends the twelve Counties of Carlow Louth Dublin Meath Kildare Queen's County Kilkenny West Meath King's County Wexford Longford Wicklow. The Province of Munster comprises the six Counties of Clare Limerick Cork Tipperary Kerry Waterford. These counties send each two members to the Imperial Parliament, viz. 64 members ; the electors thereof amount to 60,607 ; and for 34 cities and boroughs, 41 members are elected by 31,545. Totals, 105 members by 90,265 electors. OF IRELAND. 61 ECCLESIASTICAL DIVISIONS. Ireland comprises four Archbishopricks, and fourteen Bishopricks. (Clogher, Under the Archbishop of Ar- magh, who is styled the Lord Primate and Metropolitan of^ all Ireland, are the Bishops of Derry and Raphoe, Down and Connor, Dromore, Kilmore, Meath, and Clonmacnoise, Under the Archbishop of Dub- f Ferns and Leighlin, lin, who is styled the Lord) Kildare, Primate of Ireland, are the I Ossory. Bishops of /^Cloyne, I Cork and Ross, UndertheArchbishopofCashelJ Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clon- are the Bishops of j fert and Kilmacduagh, I Limerick, Ardfert, and V. Aghadae. Under the Archbishop of Tuam /Elphin, Killala, and is the Bishop of \ Achonry. Ireland contains 1456 benefices, and the revenues of the establishment amount to 731,000/. The Catholics have also an hierarchy, nearly similar to that of the Protestants : the number of their priests is 1994. There are also 339 Presbyterian ministers, and 145 others. The income of the Dissenting clergy, including Roman Catholics, Presby- terians, and others, is supposed to be about 264,000Z., of which sum, 15,000/. is granted by Government to the Presbyterians. PASSAGE TO IRELAND. It may be useful to point out the various modes of proceeding from Great Britain to Ireland. From London, there are steam vessels to Dublin once or twice a week, touching at Plymouth and Falmouth, and usually performing the voyage in eighty hours. If, however, the traveller object to so long a sea voyage, he may proceed direct from London to Holyhead, through Coventry, Birmingham, Shrewsbury, and Bangor, 260 miles ; and thence cross the Channel to Dublin, the distance is about 68 miles. The steam vessels, which start every morning, generally perform the voyage in six or seven hours. Another mode is to go from London to Liverpool, by Manchester and the Railway, 213 miles, and thence to Dublin. The distance across the Channel is about 126 miles ; and the steam vessels generally make the trip in fourteen hours. A fourth method is to embark at Bristol, which is 119 miles from London. The distance from this city to Dublin is about 220 miles ; and the passage by the steam vessels is never effected in less than twenty-four hours. Persons in Scotland, who object to a long voyage, may cross the Channel from Portpatrick to Donaghadee, the DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 63 distance being only 23 miles. Four steam packets are constantly employed here, performing the voyage in two or three hours. There are also steam vessels from Glasgow to Belfast. The distance is about 120 miles, and the voyage generally occupies fourteen or fifteen hours. From Bristol there are steam vessels to Cork two or three times a week. The distance is about 230 miles, and the trip is accomplished in about thirty hours. There are also steam packets daily from Milford Haven, which is 256 miles from London, to Waterford. The dis- tance is about 84 miles ; and the voyage occupies from eight to twelve hours, according to the weather. DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. Dublin, the metropolis of Ireland, the chief town of the county of the same name, in the province of Leinster, is situated on the eastern coast of that country, in lat. 53 c 21' N., and long. 6° 15' W. It is about a mile from the Bay of Dublin, a semicircular basin eight miles in diameter, celebrated for the beauty of its shores, and said to bear a considerable resemblance to the Bay of Naples. The north side of the harbour is sheltered by the Hill of Howth, on which there is a light-house, and the entrance to the city is defended by extensive moles. South of the town is seen, at a short distance beyond, gently rising meadows and pleasure grounds, a beautiful range of hills, of varied shape and considerable magnitude, which traverses the county of Wicklow, and bounds the coast running south-east from the city. To the north-east, the / IMisJii ,1 l>v I. aph tion. .421 Strand. 64 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. low lands skirting the sea coast, leading to the fine promon- tory of Howth Head on the right hand* are covered with innumerable vistas of luxuriant trees, and appear like a continued wood, with a church tower, or a stately man- sion here and there rising above the foliage. The City of Dublin occupies a circular area of about three miles in diameter, and contains two Cathedrals, nineteen Churches, several Chapels of Ease, numerous Roman Catholic Chapels, a Calvinist's Church, a Danish and a Dutch Lutheran Chapel, a Synagogue, various Chapels of Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, Moravians, and Quakers, and several Roman Catholic Monastic Institu- tions. The number of inhabitants amounts to 204,155. The original name was Eblana: it is so called by Ptolemy, who wrote in the year a. d. 140. The river Liffey divides Dublin into two nearly equal portions, which may be denominated the north and south divisions. On the south side of the river is the old town, including the Castle, the Exchange, the Cathedrals, the Bank, formerly the Parliament House, and Trinity College, Stephen's Green, Merrion Square, Fitzwilliam Square, and the Mansion House. On the north of the LifFey is a regularly-built new town, of superior beauty and magnificence, including the Four Courts, the Post Office, Nelson's Pillar, and the Custom House ; in the northern quarter also are the Lying-in Hospital, the Royal Academy, the Rotunda, the House of Industry and Royal Barracks, Rutland Square, Mountjoy Square, Sackville Street, and some of the chief avenues of the metropolis. It is the residence of many of the nobility and gentry, and its best streets are not inter- sected by close lanes and small ancient houses, like those of the southern division. DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 65 The Liffey is bounded on both sides by broad quays, which tend greatly to promote the beauty of the city, the purity of the air, and the health and comfort of the inha- bitants. They are constructed of granite, and beginning at Ringsend Point, where the river falls into the Bay, extend for a space of three miles. At Ringsend Point, the Dodder meets the Liffey as it falls into the sea. Across the river are seven handsome stone bridges, and one of cast iron, besides Sarah Bridge, a little above the town. Two canals, the Royal and the Grand, which extend to the interior of Ireland, nearly surround Dublin, and ter- minate in docks on each side of the Liffey. They are navigable for barges of sixty tons, and contribute to the supply of the Dublin markets. The Corporation of Dublin consists of the Lord Mayor, twenty- four Aldermen, two Sheriffs, thirty- three Sheriff's Peers, who are members for life, and ninety-six Common Councilmen, who are the representatives of twenty-five guilds. It is divided into two parts, — the Board of Alder- men, of which the Lord Mayor is president; and the Commons, consisting of the Sheriff's Peers and Common Councilmen, over which the Sheriffs for the year preside. The Lord Mayor's jurisdiction extends over the city and a portion of the Bay. He tries all offenders in this city, except for murder and treason ; and also civil suits for sums less than twenty pounds. The city assembly-house is in William Street. The Police Establishment consists of twelve Magistrates, four of whom are Aldermen, four Sheriff's Peers, and four Barristers ; eight of them are selected by Government, and the other four by the Common Council. There are 66 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. also thirty Horse Patrole, 100 Foot Patrole, and 543 Watchmen. The head police office is in Exchange Court ; but there are three others, at Arran's Quay, College Street, and Henry Street. DUBLIN CASTLE Is the chief residence of His Excellency the Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland, and of the Irish Secretary. The Privy Council, when summoned by the Lord Lieutenant, meets in a council-chamber, above the archway, in the Upper Castle-yard. In this Castle His Excellency holds his court and his levees. Here also two balls are given an- nually; on the King's birth-day, and on St. Patrick's Day. The Lord Lieutenant's household and guard includes a colonel and company of battle-axes, who do duty on state days in the apartments of the Castle ; a body-guard of horse, and a captain and company of foot soldiers. The Lord Lieutenant, besides his Chief Secretary, has a private Secretary, a Comptroller, Chamberlain, Gentleman Usher, Master of the Horse, Gentlemen of the Chamber, four Pages, eight Aides-de-Camp, and twenty-four Chaplains. The Castle was commenced in 1205, by Meyler Fitz- henry, a natural son of Henry II., and finished in 1220, by Henry de Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin, but did not become the Vice- Regal residence till the reign of Elizabeth. It is divided into two courts or yards, the upper con- taining the apartments of the Lord Lieutenant and his suite, and the Bedford tower; and the lower, the Trea- sury, Chapel, Ordnance Office, &c. The principal en- trance is from Cork Hill, and consists of a lofty arch, called the East Gate, over which is a statue of Justice. 52LSH. i:,,.m,v.-.l l>„ Si,l-fH.ill.liur,i Sir' Bloom*!':" Wjm®m&M& ©w 3Bb3Wj\^icatv(,-p; oh^ ess aj ":■'■: '■''':, J,„„Um,j;d,U,\„;( I,,, .y. /„.,;,/,_ /.; >V ft,„„/ DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 67 The upper castle-yard is a quadrangle, 280 feet by 130, having on its north side a building of the Ionic order, crowned with a Corinthian tower and cupola. On one side of this building is the eastern gate already mentioned ; and on the other is a corresponding archway, surmounted by a statue of Fortitude. The colonnade on the opposite side of the quadrangle leads to the vice regal apartments, behind which are the castle gardens. The presence chamber is fitted up with crimson velvet, and adorned with a splendid lustre. St. Patrick's hall is a noble room, 82 feet long, 41 broad, and 38 high. On its ceiling are three paintings, repre- senting George III. supported by Liberty and Justice ; the Conversion of the Druids by St. Patrick ; and the Submis- sion of the Kings of Ireland to Henry II. The chapel in the lower castle-yard is a beautiful edifice, of Gothic architecture, designed by Mr. Johnston, and com- pleted in 1814, at an expense of 40,000/. It consists of a simple choir, 73 feet long, and 35 broad, and has a ceiling of groined arches, supported by beautiful pillars. The east window is adorned with stained glass, representing Christ before Pilate, and the Four Evangelists. The front of the gallery and the pulpit are ornamented with carving. At the west end of the chapel is a circular edifice, called the Record Tower, the most ancient part of the Castle. It is connected with the Birmingham tower by a portion of the original city-wall. The Ordnance Office and the Treasury are also in the lower castle-yard. THE UNIVERSITY, OR TRINITY COLLEGE. This is the only Protestant college in Ireland, and by its immense endowments, one of the richest in Europe. It 68 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. was originally projected in 1311, but did not flourish till the reign of Elizabeth, from whom Archbishop Usher obtained its charter. Dr. Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin, was the first provost, and Usher, Chaloner, and Moyne, were the first fellows. The establishment consists of a Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, Provost, Vice-Provost, twenty-four Fellows, five King's Professors of Divinity, Common Law, Civil Law, Physic, and Greek ; and about 1600 students. There are also professors and lecturers in each department of science and literature, on the founda- tions of Erasmus Smyth and Archbishop King, and on the foundation of Archbishop Whately, a professor of political economy. The college has the patronage of nineteen valuable livings, to which the fellows who choose to accept them are appointed by seniority. The fellows are elected from the graduates, after an examination distinguished by a severity surpassing that at any other college. The buildings of the University are extensive and hand- some, and consist of three squares. The principal front, which is of the Corinthian order, is towards College Green, and is 300 feet in length. An octagon vestibule leads to the Parliament Square, a quadrangle 316 feet by 212, built entirely of hewn stone. On the north side is the chapel, adorned with a portico, consisting of four Corinthian columns, supporting a pediment: the chancel is 80 feet long, exclusive of a recess at its extremity, 40 feet broad, and 44 high. On the south side, corresponding in dimen- sions and external appearance, is the theatre, or examina- tion hall, ornamented with portraits of Queen Elizabeth, Archbishops Usher and King, Bishop Berkeley, W. Moly- neux, Esq., Dean Swift, Dr. Baldwin, and Mr. Speaker Forster. It contains a handsome monument, executed by Hewetson, in memory of Provost Baldwin, who left 80,000/. to the university ; also a fine organ presented by Queen DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 69 Elizabeth, and said to have been taken from the Spanish A rmada. Between the Parliament Square and the Library Square is the refectory, which is 70 feet long, 35 broad, and 35 high. It is hung with portraits of Frederick Prince of Wales, Provost Baldwin, Archbishop Cox, Grattan, Flood, Hussey Burgh, Lord Avonmore, Lord Kilwarden, and Lord Downes. The Library Square is 265 feet in length, and 214 in breadth ; three sides of it are built of brick, but the fourth, containing the library, is of stone. This noble apartment is 210 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 40 in height; and is adorned with numerous busts. The number of volumes amounts to 150,000, in addition to which there is a second apartment, -called the Fagel Library, containing 20,000 volumes, and over it a manuscript room. East of the Library Square is the College Park, com- prising about 20 acres. It contains a bowling-green and tennis-courts. To the right of the entrance to the park are the anatomical rooms and chemical laboratory, con- taining some very curious preparations and skeletons. Amongst the latter are M'Grath, the Irish giant, Clarke, the ossified man of Cork, an entire whale, &c. There are also some wax models of the human figure. Opposite the anatomical rooms is the university printing office, and on the south side of the college, towards Grafton Street, stands the provost's house, erected from designs by the Earl of Burlington. North of the Library Square is the third quadrangle, called Botany Bay, the stone front of which, towards New Brunswick Street, is 270 feet in length. The museum, which occupies the centre of the main building, is 60 feet in length, and 40 in breadth; it contains a large collection 70 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. of minerals, curiosities from the South Sea Islands, a model of the Giant's Causeway, an antique Irish harp, &c. &c. STATUE OF WILLIAM III. Opposite to Trinity College, in College Green, stands a brass equestrian statue of William III., erected in 1700, in commemoration of the Revolution of 1688. The pedestal is of granite, and is decorated with trophies. THE BANK OF IRELAND, Formerly the parliament house, is situated in College Green, and is celebrated for its elegant architecture. It is of a semicircular form, and occupies about an acre and a half. The first stone of the parliament house was laid in 1729, by Lord Carteret, the Lord Lieutenant, and the edifice was finished in 1739, from designs by Sir E. L. Pearce. This, however, being found too small, the east front was added in 1785, from designs by Mr. Gandon ; and in 1787, the west front was designed and executed by Mr. Park ; and latterly a large sum has been expended in improving and strengthening it. The principal front, 147 feet in length, is a grand Ionic colonnade, forming three sides of a quadrangular court- yard, and resting on a floor, which is approached by a flight of steps. In the centre is a portico, adorned with the royal arms and statues of Hibernia, Fidelity, and Com- merce. The entrances from the street are formed by lofty archways on each side. The east front, towards College Street, presents a Corinthian portico, of six columns, on which are statues of Fortitude, Justice, and Liberty. Tht west front, towards Foster Place, has a portico of foui DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 71 columns, of the Ionic order ; and contiguous t© it is a guard house, built from designs by Mr. Kirk. The interior of the bank corresponds with the beauty of the external elevation, and the various apartments are well adapted to the purposes intended. The cash office, built by Mr. Johnston, is a noble apartment, 70 feet long, and 50 broad, crowned by a lofty lantern, and surrounded by fluted pillars of the Ionic order. The court of pro- prietors, formerly the house of lords, contains a statue of George III., by Bacon, junior; a bust of the Duke of Wellington, by Turnerelli; and two pieces of Dutch tapestry, representing the battle of the Boyne, and the siege of Londonderry. One of the apartments is occupied as an armoury, and in a room next to it is a model of the bank, executed by Mr. Doolittle. The machinery in the bank printing office, invented by Mr. Oldham, for the for- mation of bank-notes, and the prevention of forgery, is remarkably curious and extensive. The Bank of Ireland was incorporated in 1783 ; it has a governor, deputy governor, and fifteen directors. The cash and bullion offices are open every day from ten to three. The other banks in Dublin are, Latouche's, in Castle Street; Hibernian bank, in Castle Street; Ball and Co.'s, in Henry Street; Sir Robert Shaw and Co.'s, in Foster Place ; and Boyle, Low, and Pirn's, in College Green. THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. This elegant structure occupies a conspicuous situation on Cork Hill, near the castle. It was commenced in 1 769, from designs by Mr. Cooley, and completed in ten 72 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. years. It forms a quadrangle of 100 feet, surmounted by a dome, and has three fronts, all of Portland stone. The north, or principal front, exhibits a portico of six Corin- thian columns, the entablature being continued along the other fronts, all of which are adorned with pilasters of the Corinthian order, and are surmounted by a balustrade. The interior of the Exchange is a rotunda, formed by twelve fluted Corinthian columns, 32 feet in height, and crowned by a dome, richly ornamented with stucco. In this room is a statue of George III., by Van Nost, pre- sented to the city by the Earl of Northumberland ; and on the staircase leading to the court of commissioners for bankrupts, and to the exchange coffee room, is a statue of Dr. Lucas, the patriotic representative of Dublin in the Irish parliament, executed by E. Smyth. THE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Were erected in 1798, by a company of merchants, the Royal Exchange not being deemed sufficiently convenient for mercantile pursuits. They are situated on the north side of Dame Street, and form a handsome but simple edi- fice, comprising a spacious and lofty hall, an assurance and notary-public's office, an excellent coffee room, a stock exchange, and an hotel. THE CORN EXCHANGE, On Burgh quay, is a handsome stone structure, containing a hall, 130 feet in length, surrounded by ambulatories, both being furnished with tables for the exhibition of samples of DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. THE POST OFFICE Is a superb stone edifice, situated in Sackville Street, and designed by Mr. Johnston. The first stone was laid by Lord Whitworth, in 1814, and the building was com- pleted in 1818, at an expense of 50,000/. The front is 220 feet in length, and in the centre is a noble portico, consisting of six fluted Ionic columns, supporting a pedi- ment with the royal arms. Over the pediment are statues of Mercury, Hibernia, and Fidelity, executed by J. Smyth. The interior is commodiously laid out : in the board room is a marble bust of Lord Whitworth, by Smyth. The establishment of a separate post office for Ireland was first formed in 1784, under the government of two post-masters general ; and there are now upwards of 600 places in Ireland at which this office delivers letters. The penny post, established in 1770, is also conducted in this building. Letters are delivered within the metropolis four times a day for one penny : the charge for those beyond the canals is twopence. Mail-coaches were first used here in 1790, six years after their introduction in England. They leave the post office every evening at seven o'clock and on Sundays at six, as no Irish letters are sent on that day. The London mail is dispatched every evening at six, and the Liverpool at four, p. m. NELSON'S MONUMENT Stands immediately opposite to the post office. It con- sists of a fluted Ionic column, erected in 1808, from designs by Wilkins, and surmounted by a colossal statue of Lord Nelson, 14 feet in height, executed by Kirk, when a pupil H 74 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. in the Royal Dublin Society's Academy. On the pedestal are inscribed the names of Trafalgar, Vincent, Nile, and Copenhagen, with the dates of those actions. The entire height is 134 feet. THE ROTUNDA, At the end of Sackville Street, is an elegant circular building, in which concerts and assemblies are held. It comprises a great room, 80 feet in diameter, and 40 in height; a card room, and a tea room, each 56 feet by 24; a ball room, 86 feet by 40 ; exhibition rooms, &c. The profits accruing from this establishment are devoted to the support of the lying-in hospital. THE CUSTOM HOUSE Is situated on Eden Quay, on the north bank of the Liffey, near Carlisle Bridge, and is justly ranked as the second building in Dublin as to architectural appearance. It was commenced in 1781, from designs by Mr. Gandon, and was completed in ten years, at an expense of 260,000/. This magnificent edifice is 375 feet in length, and 200 in depth, and has four fronts, all of stone. In the centre of the principal or south front, is a portico, consisting of four massive Doric columns, supporting a pediment, in which are represented Hibernia and Britannia embracing, and holding the emblems of Peace and Liberty, the whole executed in bold relief by J. Smyth. On the attic story are four statues of Navigation, Commerce, Industry, and Wealth, by T. Banks. Above the portico rises a noble dome, 26 feet in diameter, crowned by a statue of Hope, DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 75 the head of which is 125 feet from the ground. The other fronts are handsome, hut not so splendid as the principal. The only objects of the interior entitled to a stranger's attention, are the grand staircase, which is curiously con- structed, and the long room, a noble apartment 70 feet by 65, the arched ceiling of which is supported by a range of composite columns. East of the custom house are extensive wet docks, and the King's tobacco warehouse, a building of immense size, designed by Rennie. Its length is 500, and its breadth 160 feet. The roof, the lanterns, and the pillars are of metal. THE FOUR COURTS. The present magnificent Courts of Law are situated on King's Inn's Quay, and occupy the site of the Friary of St. Saviour, founded by William Mareschall, Earl of Pem- broke, in 1202. The first stone was laid by the Duke of Rutland in 1786, and the building was completed in twelve years. Mr. Cooley gave the design for it, but on his decease, Mr, Gandon undertook the superintendence. The front is 450 feet long, and the buildings are 170 feet in depth. The great portico facing the river consists of six Corinthian columns supporting a massive pediment, above which are statues of Moses, Justice, and Mercy. At the corners of this portion of the edifice are two other statues of Wisdom and Authority. The wings are sepa- rated from the centre by large square areas, in front of which are arched screens, continuing the facade in a right line. In the centre of the building is the hall, a rotunda 64 feet in diameter, from which the Courts of Chancery, 76 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. King's Bench, Common Pleas, Exchequer, and Rolls Court, diverge, forming the sides of: a square. The intervals between the courts are occupied by retiring rooms, jury rooms, &c. The upper part of the rotunda is a circular lantern, lighted by twelve windows, and ornamented with twenty-four fluted columns of the Corinthian order, the whole surmounted by a dome with a mosaic ceiling. On the panels over the entrances to the courts are basso- relievos, representing William I. instituting Norman courts ; John signing Magna Charta; Henry II. granting a charter to the people of Dublin ; and James I. abolishing the Brehon laws, and granting a general amnesty. Above the roof of the hall, but beneath the external cupola, is the record chamber. There are several apartments underground, one of which is a coffee room. THE KING'S INNS. The Society of King's Inns assumed that appellation in 1542, but the present edifice, at the end of Henrietta Street, was not erected till the close of the eighteenth cen- tury. The society had previously occupied premises where the Four Courts now stand. The front is of hewn stone, and presents a centre and two wings, which extend 110 feet in depth. The central building is surmounted by a beautiful octangular cupola, beneath which is a lofty gateway with the royal arms. The King's Inns contain the record office, where wills and testamentary papers are deposited. The Prerogative Court occupies the south wing, and in the north is the dining room, containing a portrait of Lord Chancellor Manners. The library, which is over the ante-hall, pos- DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 77 - a valuable collection of law books, as well a curious MSS. THE ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY HOUSE Is situated in Kildare Street, and was formerly the town residence of the Duke of Leinster. The front, which is of the Corinthian order, is handsome, and behind the building is a lawn opening to Merrion Square. The hall is a lofty apartment, adorned with a copy of the Belvidere Apollo, and leads to the board room, news room, &c. On the next story is the library, containing about 12,000 volumes, and a considerable number of MSS. The museum is disposed in six rooms on the same floor; it contains a very extensive collection of minerals, classified according to Werner, and numerous specimens of natural history, as well as some models. The chemical laboratory contains a valuable apparatus, and lectures are delivered here annually. The Dublin Society originated in 1731, and was entirely supported by the subscriptions of Dr. Madan, Dr. Prior, and a few other scientific gentlemen, till 1742, when it was incorporated as the Dullin Society for improving Husbandry and other useful Arts. It is governed by a president and six vice-presidents, and has a professor of botany and agriculture, of chemistry, of mineralogy and geology, and a lecturer on natural and experimental philosophv. There are also drawing masters for ornament and land- scape, the figure, architecture, sculpture, a librarian, gardener, &c. The society's botanic garden is at Glassnevin, about a mile from Dublin, where the traveller may spend a morning with much gratification, and where the botanic lectures are delivered during the summer, free to the public. h 3 n DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. At the society house there is an annual exhibition of articles of Irish manufacture of all kinds, and premiums are awarded for the best articles exhibited. There is also an annual exhibition of live stock. This society has done much for Ireland, and is continuing to increase its usefulness in every department. The various departments of this valuable institution are open to the public on the following days : — The Museum, on Tuesday and Friday, from twelve to three ; the Statuary Rooms, on Wednesday and Saturday, from twelve to three ; the Botanic Garden, Glassnevin, on Tuesday and Friday, from twelve to four. Parliament grants, 53007, per annum. THE THEATRE ROYAL Is situated in Hawkins' Street, on the site of the Dublin Society's old house. It was built in 1821, by Mr. Harris, from designs by Mr. Beazeley. The front consists of a rusticated basement in the form of an arcade, above which are columns and pilasters of the Ionic and Doric orders. The interior is well constructed, and tastefully ornamented. THE MANSION HOUSE Is an ancient edifice in Dawson Street, forming the residence of the Lord Mayor. The exterior is by no means prepossessing, but the interior presents several good apartments, the principal of which are, the round room, built expressly for the reception of his Majesty George IV. in 1821 ; the ball room, adorned with several portraits, amongst which are those of the Dukes of Cum- berland and Richmond, by Sir T. Lawrence ; the drawing DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 79 room, containing several portraits ; and the sheriff's room, also ornamented with paintings. On a lawn, to the left of the mansion house, is an equestrian statue of George I, which formerly stood on Essex Bridge. THE LINEN AND YARN HALL Is situated in Linen-hall Street, and is the grand mart for the staple manufacture of Ireland. It covers three acres of ground, and contains nearly 600 apartments, in which linens and yarns are deposited. In the centre of the Linen Hall is a fall-length statue of King George IV., in his robes, in marble, by Kirk, 7 feet in height, erected by subscription of the linen factors, in commemoration of the King's visit to the Hall in 1821. THE SESSIONS HOUSE Is situated in Green Street, and was built in 1797. The front is adorned with six columns supporting a pediment. The interior forms a lofty and spacious court, furnished with a gallery for the public. The quarter-sessions are opened by the Lord Mayor, who goes in procession for the purpose. THE STAMP OFFICE, Formerly the residence of Viscount Powerscourt, was in a spacious building in William Street, but is now removed to the Custom House. The building in William Street was sold by Government to the highly respectable firm of Messrs. Ferrier and Pollock, wholesale merchants. 80 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. THE PHCENIX PARK Is a royal enclosure, situated at the west end of Dublin, and pleasantly diversified by woodland and rising grounds. It comprises 1758 acres, of which 1357 are open to the public : it is seven miles in circumference. The Lord Lieutenant's country residence, which is situated in this park, is a handsome building, and opposite to it is the mansion of the chief secretary. Near the side entrance to the former is a Corinthian column, surmounted by a Phoenix, erected in 1745 by Lord Chesterfield. At the entrance to the Park the Zoological Gardens, which were formed in 1831, are situated, and the spot selected is admirably suited for the purpose ; there is a large pond on one side, and the other parts are finely laid out in walks, with numerous rustic houses and cages for the animals, and already they possess a considerable number. The price of admission is only sixpence for each visitor. It is a fashionable promenade in summer. This park also contains the Royal Military Infirmary ; the Hibernian School, established by Lord Townshend, for the maintenance and education of soldiers' children ; a chalybeate spa, surrounded by pleasing walks ; a powder magazine ; and a large plain, on which the troops are occasionally reviewed. Here also, on an elevated situation, is the Wellington Testimonial, erected from a design by Sir R. Smirke. It consists of an obelisk, 205 feet in height, resting on a pedestal, 24 feet high and 56 square. The obelisk bears the names of the battles won by the Duke, and in front is intended to be placed an equestrian statue of His Grace. DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 81 THE ROYAL BARRACKS Are situated on Harbour Hill, near Phoenix Park, and are capable of accommodating 2000 men. They were built in 1706, and consist of several spacious and handsome squares, built on three sides, and open on the fourth. For beauty of situation, and grandeur of appearance, they are unrivalled. SQUARES. St. Stephen's Green, at the south-east part of Dublin, is the largest and handsomest square in the city. It is rather more than a mile in circuit, and is surrounded by several noble mansions. The centre is an enclosure of 17 acres, planted with shrubs and evergreens, and having in the middle a brass equestrian statue of George II., executed by Van Nost. On the west side of the square is Surgeon's Hall. Fitzwilliam Square is a short distance south-east of the preceding, and is about one-fourth the size, being rather less than a quarter of a mile in circumference. The interior is pleasingly laid out, and the houses are very neat. Merrion Square is situated to the east of St. Stephen's Green, to which it ranks next in point of size. It is about half a mile in circuit, and in the centre are 12 acres of walks and shrubbery. The houses on the north side are remark- ably well built, and on the west side is the Dublin Society's house, having a spacious lawn. Rutland Square is situated at the back of the Lying-in 82 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. Hospital and Rotunda Rooms, and is laid out with great taste. It is opened as a promenade during the summer evenings, when it is at times illuminated, and enlivened by music. The enclosure is nearly a quarter of a mile in circumference, and contains some stately timber. Mountjoy Square is situated to the north-east of Rutland Square, near the Circular Road. It is rather more than a quarter of a mile in circuit, and is surrounded by regularly- built houses. The centre encloses four acres, laid out in walks, and planted with shrubs. BRIDGES. Carlisle Bridge, connecting Westmoreland and Sackville Streets, is a handsome stone edifice of three arches, erected in 1791. It is 210 feet long, and 40 broad. The view from the bridge is truly beautiful. The Cast Iron, or the Wellington Bridge, between Carlisle and Essex Bridges, is a single arch, 140 feet in the span, resting on stone buttresses. Essex Bridge, crossing the river from Parliament Street to Capel Street, was originally erected in 1676, but rebuilt in 1755, on the plan of Westminster Bridge. Richmond Bridge, connecting Wine-Tavern Street with King's- Inn Quay, was built in 1816, from designs by Mr. Savage. It consists of three stone arches, the centres of which are adorned with representations of Commerce, Hibernia, and Peace, on one side ; and Plenty, the Liffey, and Industry, on the other. DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 8;] W hit worth Bridge was commenced in 181G, on the site of the old bridge, which was the oldest in the city. It resembles Richmond bridge, and connects the extremities of Merchants' and King's- Inn Quays. Queen's Bridge, connecting Bridgefoot Street and Queen Street, is 140 feet long, and 40 broad. It consists of three stone arches, erected in 1764, on the site of Arran Bridge. Bloody, or Barrack Bridge, is the oldest in Dublin, and is situated near the Royal Barracks. It is called Bloody, in consequence of a fatal encounter which occurred in 1671, between the Military and some Dublin apprentices, who wished to demolish a bridge near the Barracks. Sarah's Bridge, or Sarah's Arch, at Island Bridge, about a mile from the City, is so called from Sarah, Countess of Westmoreland, who laid the first stone, in 1791. It is a beautiful structure, consisting of one stone arch, 104 feet in the span. The King's, or George the Fourths Bridge, is a handsome structure, near the chief entrance to the Phcenix Park. It was erected in 1827, from a design by Papworth : it is of iron, cast at Robinson's Phcenix foundry. It cost 13,000/., raised by subscription. PROTESTANT CHURCHES. Dublin is the see of an Archbishop, and is remarkable for possessing two cathedrals. It has also nineteen churches. The following are most worthy of the stranger's attention : St, Patrick's Cathedral was founded in 1190, on the site 84 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. of a chapel erected by St. Patrick ; but it was not till 1370 that the first stone of the present edifice was laid. This cathedral is of Gothic architecture, and is surmounted by a steeple and spire, the summit of which is 223 feet from the ground. The nave is 130 feet long, and is illumined by one large window at the west end ; it contains, amongst other monuments, those of the following remarkable per- sons : — Archbishops Smyth, Marsh, Talbot, and Tregury ; Bishop Meredyth, Dean Keating, Dean Swift, who was interred Oct. 22, 1745; Mrs. Hester Johnson, well known as Swift's Stella ; Richard Lambert, Earl of Cavan ; John Ball, Master in Chancery ; Richard Parsons, Earl of Rosse ; and A. M'Gee, a servant of Dean Swift. The organ, which is the finest toned in Ireland, was built at Rotterdam, and given to the cathedral by the Duke of Ormond, who took it from the Spaniards at Vigo. The choir is extremely beautiful, and has an arched ceiling of stucco, which has replaced the ancient stone roof. It contains the stalls of the Knights of St. Pa- trick, together with their helmets, swords, banners, &c. Amongst the monuments with which it is adorned, are those of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, and Catherine his wife ; Elizabeth, Viscountess Doneraile ; the Duke of Schomberg, who was killed at the Boyne ; Dr. Byttolph, Dean of Raphoe, and chaplain to Charles I. ; and Arch- bishop Jones. The Chapter House contains a statue of the Marquess of Buckingham ; and here also is preserved the skull of the Duke of Schomberg. In the Dean's House, in Kevin Street, are portraits of all the deans of St. Patrick's. The Archiepis copal Palace has been transformed into barracks for the police. Near the cathedral is Archbishop Marsh's Library, which DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 85 is open to the public. It contains the books of Dr. Stil- lingfleet, and some curious MSS. Christ Church Cathedral, formerly dedicated to the Blessed Trinity, was erected in 1038, on the site of a range of vaults, in which St. Patrick first preached to the people of Dublin. The present choir, however, was not built till 1658. This cathedral is situated near the centre of Dub- lin, not far from the castle. The exterior is in the Gothic style, but so dilapidated and disfigured by buttresses, that little of its original beauty remains. The nave is 103 feet long, and contains several monuments, particularly those of Thomas Prior, a zealous promoter of the manu- factures of Ireland; Earl Strongbow, the first invader of Ireland, who died 1177 ; Lord Chancellor Bowes, who died in 1767; Lord Chancellor LifFord, buried in 1789; and Dr. Welbore Ellis, Bishop of Meath. The transept is 90 feet in length, and is principally of Saxon architecture. The choir is 104 feet by 28, and exhibits an incongruous mixture of several styles of archi- tecture : it contains monuments in memory of Robert, Earl of Kildare, Bishop Fletcher, and Dr. Woodward. In one of the aisles are statues of Charles II. and James II. Contiguous to the cathedral is St. Mary's Chapel, belong- ing to the dean and chapter. The whole has lately undergone considerable repair, which has taken away the ancient and venerable appearance of the building. St. Andrew's, or the Round Church, contiguous to Dame Street, was built in 1793. It is of an elliptical form, and measures 80 feet by 60. Over the entrance in St. An- drew's Street is a statue of the saint, by E. Smyth, and in the churchyard is an unfinished steeple, in the Gothic 86 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. style, designed by Mr. Johnston. The interior is light and elegant, and the capitals of the columns supporting the gallery are very beautiful. In the centre is a well- executed font of veined marble ; and over it hangs a lustre which formerly belonged to the Irish House of Commons. St. George's Churchy in Hardwicke Place, at the north extremity of Dublin, is a very handsome modern edifice, erected from designs by Mr. Johnston. The principal front is 92 feet in width, and consists of a noble portico of four fluted Ionic columns, the ascent to which is formed by a flight of steps 42 feet wide. Above it rises the steeple, a beautiful specimen of architecture, 200 feet in height, in which are a set of bells, presented by Mr. Johnston. The body of the church forms a square, having three fronts of the Ionic order. At the eastern extremity are the parish school and vestry-room. St. Wer burgh's Church, in Werburgh Street, is a large and elegant structure, erected in 1759, on the site of the original building, dedicated to the sainted daughter of Wulherus, king of Mercia. The front consists of several stories, the basement being Ionic, the second story Corinthian, and the third Composite. The spire, by which it was formerly surmounted, was taken down in 1810. In this church, Sir James Ware, the antiquary, Edwin, the performer, and the unfortunate and misguided Lord Edward Fitzgerald, were interred. St. Michan's Church is situated in Church Street, on the north side of the Liffey. The body of the building is cruciform, and very ancient ; but the steeple is more DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 87 modern. Near the altar is an antique figure of a man in armour, but of whom is unknown. The vaults beneath this church are dry, and are remarkable for preserving bodies almost unaltered for a great many years. Some, that have been here centuries, still retain their features, In the churchyard is the monument of Dr. Lucas, who represented Dublin in Parliament, and died in 1771. St. Peter's, in Aungier Street, is the largest parish church in the city, and is noted as that in which the celebrated Dean Kirwan preached. Mr. Maturin, the author of " Bertram," was a curate of this parish. St. Thomas's Church, in Marlborough Street, opposite Gloucester Street, erected in 1758, from a design by Palladio. The interior is commodious and well designed. Our limits preclude our entering into the description of each of the other churches in Dublin. MEETING HOUSES. The places of worship in Dublin belonging to the dis- senters are numerous, but none of them are remarkable as buildings. The Presbyterians have Meeting Houses in Strand Street, Mary's Abbey, Eustace Street, Usher's Quay, and Lower Abbey Street ; the Independents, in D'Olier Street, Mary's Abbey, York Street, and King's Inn Street; the Methodists, Abbey Street, Cork Street, Hendrick Street, Whitefriar Street, South George's Street, and Langrishe Place; the Baptists, in Swift's Alley; the Moravians, in Bishop Street; the Quakers, in Eustace Street, and Meath Street; the French Calvinists, in Peter Street ; and the 88 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. Separatist Calvinists, in Aungier Street, and North Great George Street. There are also various other places of worship of minor importance. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPELS or CHURCHES. Dublin contains numerous places of worship in which service is performed according to the rites of the Romish church ; but the following are the principal ones entitled to notice : — The Metropolitan Roman Catholic Church, or Church of the Conception, situated in Marlborough Street, near Sackville Street, is a magnificent building in the Grecian style, the erection of which was begun in 1816. It is surmounted by a dome, and adorned with a noble portico, consisting of six columns of the Doric order. St. Michan's Chapel, in North Anne Street, is a hand- some stone edifice in the pointed style. Over the grand altar is an alto-relievo, representing our Saviour ; and above the side altars are paintings of St. Francis and the Virgin. Allhallows, in Westland Row, immediately adjoining the entrance to the Kingstown Railway, is a large handsome building, in imitation of an edifice at Athens : it can accommodate 6000 persons, and cost 13,000/., raised by subscription. James Boulger, architect. St. Michael's and St. John's, in Exchange Street, is an elegant modern building, in the pointed style, having two beautiful fronts of hewn stone. The interior is chaste, though richly ornamented. Over the altar is a painting DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 89 of the Crucifixion, and on either side are windows of stained glass. The two smaller altars are adorned with paintings; one representing St. John the Evangelist, by Del Frate ; and the other Michael and Satan, copied from Raphael. On one side of the chapel is a monument in memory of Dr. Betagh, executed by Turnerelli. The confessionals are very beautifully carved. The other Roman Catholic churches are, St. Paul's, in Arran Quay. St. Audeon's, Cook Street. A?*. Nicholas, Francis Street. St. James, James Street. St. Catherine's, Meath Street. Some of these, and indeed many of the Roman Catholic chapels throughout Ireland, are now so splendid that they are frequently called churches. CONVENTS AND NUNNERIES. The Augustinian Friary of St. John is situated in John Street, and has six clergymen; in the school fifty females are educated, and there is attached an asylum for old men, of which the Rev. P. Dowling is guardian. The celebrated Dr. Doyle was a member of this establish- ment. The Dominican Convent, or Denmark-street Chapel, has six clergymen attached to it. Here twenty-five orphan boys are supported and educated. The Franciscan Convent and Church, situated on Mer- chant's Quay, has seven clergymen, The new church is a large building, dedicated to St. Francis, of Asisium. The Jesuits' Church and Convent is situated in Upper Gardiner Street. The new church is a most elegant i 3 90 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. structure, dedicated to St. Francis Xavier : their school is in Hardwicke Street. The Capuchin Friary of Church Street Chapel has eight clergymen. Here seventy boys are educated. The Calced Carmelites, or Friary of St. Patrick, has six clergymen and a handsome chapel, in Whitefriar Street, erected in 1825, from designs by George Papworth, architect. It is two hundred feet long, and thirty- four broad ; and the interior is tastefully fitted up. The Discalced Carmelites, in Clarendon Street, have a spacious chapel, served by seven clergymen. The Sisters of Mercy are resident in Lower Baggot Street. The Sisters of Charity are resident in Stanhope Street, Upper Gardiner Street, and Sandy-mount. The Poor Clares consist of seven nuns : their Nunnery is at Kingstown. The Ladies of the Presentationhave a Nunnery at George's Hill, and educate three hundred girls, twenty of whom they clothe : they have also a Nunnery at Richmond, two miles from Dublin. The Poor Clares of Harold's Cross Nunnery, have an excellent house and a fine chapel. They clothe, educate, and support ninety female orphans. The Carmelite Nunnery, of the order of St. Joseph, at Ranelagh, consists of seventeen nuns. They have a school house adjoining, where sixty girls are educated. The Carmelites have also Nunneries at Warrenmount, Firhouse, and Blancherstown, in the vicinity of Dublin, and also in North William Street. The Ladies Dominicans have a Nunnery at Cabragh, three miles from Dublin. The Schools of the Christian Brothers are situated in DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN, 91 Richmond Street North. The building was erected out of the funds of the late Catholic Association, about eight hundred boys are educated here. LITERARY SOCIETIES, &c. The Dublin Society has already been described. See page 77. The Zoological Society of Dublin, instituted in 1831, con- sists of a president, six vice-presidents, and a council of fifteen members. Ten pounds paid on admission consti- tute a member for life. The gardens, at the entrance to the park, are open every day, from nine in the morning till dusk. Tlie Agricultural Society of Ireland, formed with a view to promote the improvement of agriculture and the growth of timber, is managed by a president, vice-president, and eighteen directors. The Royal Hibernian Academy of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, was incorporated in 1823, and has annual exhibitions of paintings in their hall ; it is an elegant modern building, situated in Lower Abbey Street, erected from the designs of Mr. Johnston, and at his own expense. Parliamentary annual grant 300/. The Royal Irish Institution, in College Street, founded in 1813, for promoting the fine arts. It consists of a patron, vice-patron, president, ten vice-presidents, and twelve directors. The Royal Irish Academy was incorporated in 1786, for the purpose of promoting the study of polite Literature, 92 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. Science, and Antiquities. It consists of a patron, visitor, president, four vice-presidents, two secretaries, a treasurer, and a council of twenty- one. The Society's house, which is in Grafton Street, contains a good library, and a large room where the members meet. The Society gives prizes for the best essays on given subjects, and publishes its transactions. Receives an annual Parliament grant of 300/. The Geological Society consists of a president, five vice- presidents, and a council of fifteen members. The Horticultural Society of Ireland consists of a president, ten vice-presidents, and a council of twenty-one members. The Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor of Ire- land, by encouraging the coast fishery, and the spinning of linen and woollen yarn. The society house is at No. 7, Lower Abbey Street. The Protestant Colonization Society of Ireland, in Duke Street, for the purpose of checking Protestant emigration^ by locating industrious persons on the waste lands of Ireland. The Dublin Library Society, in D'Olier Street, possesses a handsome house, containing a large and valuable library, and a news-room for the use of the subscribers. The sub- scription is only 11. per annum. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTIONS. The College of Physicians was incorporated in 1692, and consists of thirty-one fellows, one of whom is president, and another vice-president. Its objects are nearly similar DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 93 to those of the College of Physicians in London, and its meetings are held in Sir Patrick Dunn's Hospital, where the College possesses a valuable library. The College of Surgeons was incorporated in 1784, and holds its sittings in a house built on purpose in St. Stephen's Green. This edifice was erected in 1806, and comprises a library, a lecture-room, a museum, and a committee-room. TJie School of Physic consists of six professors, three of whom are oh the establishment of the University, and three on the College of Physicians, on the foundation of Sir P. Dunn. The latter lecture at Sir Patrick Dunn's Hospital, and the former at Trinity College. Apothecaries' Hall, in Mary Street, was incorporated in 1791, for the sale of medicines, the delivery of lectures, and the examination of persons who wish to practise as apothecaries. HOSPITALS, &c. The Royal Hospital at Kilmainham was erected in 1683, from designs by Sir C. Wren, for the reception of invalid and superannuated soldiers. It is well adapted for the pur- pose, and generally contains about 300 men. In the hall, which is 100 feet long and 50 broad, are about twenty portraits, and a collection of arms. The chapel is a vene- rable building, 80 feet by 40 : the east window is adorned with painted glass, and beneath it is the communion table, of carved Irish oak. The Blue- Coat Hospital, in Blackhall Street, was incor- porated by Charles II. in 1670, for the maintenance and 94 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. education of the sons of reduced citizens of Dublin. The present hospital was erected in 1773, and is a noble edifice of Portland stone, consisting of a centre and wings extend- ing 300 feet. It is capable of accommodating from 150 to 200 boys. The Lying-in- Hospital, in Great Britain Street, was founded by Dr. Mosse, and was opened for the reception of patients in 1757. It is a handsome building, erected from designs by Mr. Cassels. The chapel is much ad- mired. Parliamentary grant 1200/. The Foundling Hospital, at the end of Thomas Street, for the reception of destitute orphans and deserted infants, was founded in 1704, and annually admitted about 1900 children ; until, from the amazing increase, it was found necessary to issue an edict, in December 1830, that none should be admitted after the 5th of January following. The grant to this establishment by Parliament has been annually 18,000/. The National Institution for the Education of Deaf and Dumb Children of the Poor, established in 1816, is situated at Claremont, near Glassnevin. The Richmond National Institution, 37, Sackville Street, for the instruction of the industrious blind. The House of Industry, in Brunswick Street, instituted in 1773, is supported by Parliamentary grants, donations, and the profits arising from the labour of the poor. It is an extensive range of building, generally containing about 1700 persons, whom age or sickness have rendered in- DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 9$ capable of earning a subsistence. There are separate asylums for lunatics and idiots. Parliamentary grant 21,000/. There are also four detached hospitals, assigned to the relief of fever, chronic and surgical patients, also a dis- pensary for the relief of the sick poor of the north-west district of the city, and an institution for the relief of the ruptured poor in Ireland. St. Patrick's, or Swift's Hospital, for Idiots and Lunatics, was founded in 1745 by Dean Swift, who bequeathed it £.11,000. It will contain about 180 patients. The Mendicity House, in Usher's Island, was established in 1818, for the purpose of clearing the streets of Dublin of the numerous beggars with which they were infested. Amongst the other Charitable Institutions of Dublin are : — The County of Dublin, or Meath Hospital, in Long Lane, Stamer Street. The Fever Hospital, or House of Recovery, in Cork Street, with a Parliamentary grant of 3800/. Sir Patrick Dunn's Hospital, Grand Canal Street. The Hibernian Marine School, on Sir John Rogerson's Quay. Parliamentary grant 400/, The Dublin General Dispensary, in Fleet Street. The Hospital for Incurables, Donnybrook Road. Parlia- mentary grant 500/. Mercer's Hospital, in Stephen Street. Magdalen Asylum, Leeson Street. The Lock Penitentiary, Dorset Street. 96 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. The Westmoreland Lock Hospital, Townsend Street. Par- liamentary grant 2913Z. Simpson's Hospital, for the Blind, in Great Britain Street. Steven's Hospital, in James Street. Parliamentary grant 15001. Nicholas' Hospital, in Francis Street. Coombe Lying-in Hospital, Coombe. Anglesea Lying-in Hospital, Bishop Street. The Asylum for Aged Printers, Crumlin Street. Pleasants Asylum in Cambden Street, for destitute Female Orphans. The Whitworth Hospital, Drumcondra. City of Dublin Hospital, Upper Baggot Street. The Magdalen Asylum, in Townsend Street. The Molyneaux Asylum, in Peter Street, for Blind Females. The Charitable Infirmary, in Jervis Street. The Female Orphan House, in the North Circular Road, Parliamentary grant 1100Z. The Old Men's Asylum, in Russell Place. The Asylum for Aged and Infirm Female Servants. The House of Refuge, in Stanhope Street. General Female Orphan House, in Harolds Cross. The Protestant Orphan Society. Shelter for Females discharged from Prison, South Circular Road. The Scottish Benevolent Society of St. Andrew. The Society for the relief of sick and indigent Room-keepers. The Stranger's Friend Society. Sick Poor Institution, Meath Street. Dublin Female Penitentiary, North Circular Road. Board of Charitable Bequests. Parliamentary grant 700/. DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. 97 PRISONS, HOUSES OF CORRECTION, &c Newgate, the principal prison in Dublin, is situated in Green Street, and occupies a space of 170 feet by 130. It was built between 1773 and 1781, from designs by Mr. Cooley, and is fronted with granite. At the angles are round towers with loopholes. The interior is divided by a passage, having on each side walls with iron gates, through which visitors are allowed to speak to the pri- soners. Kilmainham, or the County Gaol, is situated near the Royal Hospital, and has a handsome Court House con- tiguous to it. The Sheriff's Prison, in Green Street, was erected in 1794. It forms three sides of a square, surrounding a court-yard, and generally contains about a hundred debtors. The City Marshalsea, in Green Street, is a prison for persons arrested for debts under ten pounds. The Richmond Bridewell, for the reformation of offenders of both sexes, is situated on the Circular Road, on the south side of the city. It was built in 1813, and occupies about five acres, including the garden. The building is of stone, and is entered by a massive gate, flanked by walls and towers. The interior is divided into two courts, surrounded by buildings. The Richmond General Penitentiary, in Grange Gorman Lane, was built in 1812, from designs by Mr. Johnston. 98 DESCRIPTION OF DUBLIN. The front, which is 700 feet in length, has a very imposing appearance: it is built of black stone, and the centre is surmounted by a cupola. MANUFACTURES. These consist chiefly of Irish poplins, which are celebrated for their excellence, tabinets, silks, cottons, woollens, and hardware. The shops of Dublin are elegant, and well furnished with books, broadcloths, fruit, &c. imported from England, and fine linens, damasks, stockings, &c, of home manufacture. HOTELS. These are spacious and respectable. The stranger will have no difficulty in finding good accommodation. The principal are — Morrison's, Tuthill's, and the Hibernian, in Dawson Street ; Gresham's, Tommey's, the Bilton, Odienne's, the Waterford, and Shadaccini's, in Sackville Street; also a large one opposite the post office, the Royal Hotel, College Green, and the Commercial on Usher's Quay, and others too numerous to mention, CLUB HOUSES. The Hibernian United Service, in Foster Place. The Kildare Street Club, in Kildare Street. The Friendly Brothers, in Upper Sackville Street. The Dawson Street Club, in Dawson Street. The Sackville Street Club, in Sackville Street. MAIL COACH ROUTES, DIRECT FROM DUBLIN, WITH THE DISTANCES IN IRISH MILES, AND THE TIME EACH MAIL IS ON THE ROUTE. * Tlie Irish Mails leave Dublin every evening at 7, and on Sundays at 6 o) clock. Tliere is a day Mail to Belfast at 8 o'clock in the morning ; that to Kilkenny at half-past 8, and also to Cork, at 1 0' clock in the afternoon. — The Liverpool Mail starts at half-past 4 o'clock, and the London Mail at 6 o'clock every evening. 1. DUBLIN to BELFAST, in 12 hours*. Miles. Miles. Ashbourne 10£ Newry 50 Duleek 18£ Loughbrickland 58h Drogheda 22f Banbridge 60i Dunleer 30 Dromore 66i Castlebellingham 34 Hillsboro' 70 Lurgangreen 37 Lisburii 73i Dundalk 40 Belfast 80 Flurrybridge 45£ * The Day Mail goes by the same route. L.ofC. 100 MAIL COACH ROUTES. 2. DUBLIN to CORK, Night Mail, by Clonmel, in 20 hours. Miles. Rathcoole 8 Naas 171 Kilcullen 22§ BaHytore 28J Castledermot 34 Carlow 39£ Leighlinbridge 45 Kilkenny 57h Miles. Callan 65£ Clonmel 82J Clogheen • 94 Kilworth 106 Fermoy 108^ Rathcormack 112 Riverstown 121£ Cork 126 3. DUBLIN to CORK, Day Mail, by Cashel, in 20 hours. Rathcoole 8 Naas 171 Kilcullen 22| Athy 331 Stradbally 40 Abbeyleix A9k Durrow 54£ Cork Johnstown 62 Miles. Miles. . . 8 Littleton • 70h Cashel 79 Caher 87i Mitchelstown 101 Fermoy 108| Rathcormack 112| 126 4. DUBLIN to DERRY, in 18 hours. Ashbourne 10 Rees Town 15J Slane 22 Drumconra < 32 Carrickmacross 40 Castleblayney- •••••. Monaghan Miles. Emyvale 66 Aughnacloy 70h Ballygawley 74 Omagh 86| Newtonstewart 94£ A9h Strabane 102 60§ Deny 1131 MAIL COACH ROUTES. 101 5. DUBLIN to ENNISKILLEN, in IS hours. Miles. Clonee • • • • 7 Dunshauglilin 135 Kilcairne 22 Navan 23 Kells 31 Virginia 40^ Miles. Lavastrand 49£ Cavan 55 Wattlebridge 63£ Lisnaskea 71a Enniskillen 80& 6. DUBLIN to GALWAY, in 16% hours. Miles. Lucan 65 Leixlip 8£ Maynooth ■ 115 Kilcork 14| Enfield 20£ Clonard • 26h Kinnegad 30 Bochfort Bridge 37i Tyrellspass 40J Kilbeggan 44J Miles. Moate 52h Athlone 60 Thomastown • • • • • 65! Ballinasloe 72£ Aughrim 76^ Nogginstown 82 Loughrea 87 Craughwell 93 Oranmore 100£ Galway 1045 7. DUBLIN to KILKENNY, Morning Mail, in 9 hours. Miles. Miles. Tallaght 5 Carlow 40i Blessington 14 Bagnalstown 475 Baltinglass 29i Kilkenny 59* Castledermot 35J 8. DUBLIN to LIMERICK, in 14 hours. Miles. Bathcoole • • 8 Naas 155 Newbridge 21 Kildare 25J Monastereven 30^ Ballybrittas 33 Emo .3.5 >farybnro 40£ Mnuntrath 47 Miles. Barris in Ossory 53£ Boscrea 59 Moneygall 655 Toomavara 69$ Nenagh 745 Kilmastulla 82| Sallymount 883 Limerick 93! 102 MAIL COACH ROUTES. 9. DUBLIN to SLIGO, in 15} hours. Miles. Kinnegad, as at No. 6. 30 Mullingar 39 Rathowen 49 Edgeworthstown 52§ Longford 59i Newton Forbes 62 Rushy 64 Dromod 69 Miles. Drumsna 73 Jamestown 74 Carrick-on-Shannon 76 J Boyle 84 Colooney 98£ Ballisodare 100* Sligo 104 10. DUBLIN to WATERFORD, in 12} hours. Miles. Rathcoole 8 Naas 15| Kilcullen 21J Athy 33J Castlecomer 46J Miles. Kilkenny 56i Thomastown 64J Mullinavat 74£ Waterford 82 11. DUBLIN to WEXFORD, in 12 hours. Bray • Delgany Newton Mount Kennedy • Ashford Miles. • • 10 . 15 •• 17* RathneAV 23* Enniscorthy • Rathdrum 30 Wexford ■ ■ • Miles. Arklow 39i Gorey • 473 Camolin 53* Ferns 56* 62 74 MAIL COACHES ON CROSS ROADS IN IRELAND. * This List will be found very useful to the Traveller, as shewing the Mail Routes on the Cross Roads. It is arranged alphabetically, in the order of the Towns from which the Mails start; the Distances are given in Irish miles, with the time each Mail is on the Route. 1. BALLINA to CASTLEEAK, in 2j hours. Distance 17| miles. 2. BALLINASLOE to WESTPORT, in 9 hours, 18 minutes. Mile.?. Sunnagh 5$ Ahascragh 6k Ca^tleblakeney 12 Dangan 10$ Tuara 27 Blindwell 33 Miles. Roundfort 38^ Hollymount 39| Ballyglass • • 443 Lugafyle 5(U Castlebar 532 Westport 62 104 MAIL COACH ROUTES. 3. BELFAST to DERRY, in 12£ hours. Miles. Miles. Templepatrick . . • • 10 Ballymoney 39 Antrim 13£ Coleraine 45£ Randalstown Ilk Newton Limavady 57 Ballymena 243 Derry 691 Dtmloy 341 4. BELFAST to ENNISKILLEN, in 14 hours. Miles. Miles. Lisburn 6h Glasslough 40 Moira 13 Monaghan 45 Lurgan 17 Clones • • • 543 Portadown 21 h Newtonbutler 59£ Armagh 30z Lisnaskea 65% Caledon 37 Enniskillen 743 5. BELFAST to LARNE, in SJ hours. Miles. Miles. Carriekfergus 8 Lame 18 6. CORK to BANTRY, in 10£ hours. Miles. Miles. Innishannon 12 Skibbereen 42 Bandon 15£ Dromore 49 Cloghnakilty 25£ Bantry 56* Roscarberry • 32 7. CORK to KINSALE, in 2| hours Distance 15 miles. MAIL COACH ROUTES. 105 8. CORK to TRALEE, in 10± hours. Miles. Miles. Ballincollig 43 Bawn 393 Shandy 114 Killarney 48£ Carrigadroed 16 Marshalls 574: Macroom 20h Tralee 64£ Millstreet 31 9. DERRY to SLIGO, in 12 hours. Miles. Miles. Strabane 11J Ballyshannon 47 Caskefin 16£ Bunduff 54* Stranorlar 22 Bunavally 61 J Donegal 36 Sligo 68 Ballintra 41 10. DUNMORE to LIMERICK, in 11 hours. Miles. Miles. Waterford 9 Cahir 39| Carrick-on-Suir • = 213 Tipperary 50£ Clonmel 32 Limerick 69h 11. ENNISKILLEN to BALLYSHANNON, in 3 hours, 40 minutes. Miles. Miles. Benmore 8 Ballyshannon 21h Cladagh 13J 12. GALWAY to LIMERICK, in 9 hours, 25 minutes. Miles. Miles. Ardrahan 12£ Newmarket-on-Fergus 40 Gort 18i Cratloecross 45£ Crusheen 26\ Limerick 513 Enni9 331 100 MAIL COACH ROUTES. 13. GALWAY to TUAM, in 3 hours. Miles. Miles, Clare (Galway)- • • • • •• 5g Ttiam .-•'•'••"• - » ? - 1&I Kavanagh - — • • ■ 10! 14. KILLARNEY to CASTLE-ISLAND, in 1 hour, 53 minutes, Miles. Miles; ®&Mh • 4* Castleisland- •-..-.. -....-. 12 15. LIMERICK to CORK, in 7i hours. Miles Miles. Bruff • • - 12 Mallow 34* Kilmallock 16 Ballinocane 39* Charleville • 21 Kilcrone • 471 Buttevant • • • • • • • 28* Cork 51* 16. LIMERICK to TRALEE, in 8 hours. Miles. Miles. Adair 8 Abbeyfeale [ 30 Rathkeale 13f Castleisland 41 Newcastle • • 20 Tralee 49 17. NEWRY to COLERAINE, in I2j hours. Miles. Miles. Markethill 10 Magherafelt 43| Armagh . . . . » 15* Tubbermore 45 Moy 21 Maghera 49! Dungaimon 251 Garvagh 58£ JStewartstown 31| Blackhill 61 Cookstown 36$ Coleraine ■ 67 Moneymore ....... ........ 39| MAIL COACH ROUTES. 107 18. SLIGO to BALLINA, in 4 hours, 40 minutes. Miles. Mites. Ballisodare 4 Easkey 19 Skreen 11 Ballina • 29 Dromore West 17 19. WATERFORD to CORK, in 10J hours. Miles. Miles. Kilmacthomas 12 Castlemartyr 49J Dungarvan 22 Middleton 54 Ballinaparka 31 Cork • • • 64| Youghall 41 20. WATERFORD to YOUGHALL, in 8 hours, 50 minutes. Miles. Miles. Kilmacthomas 12 Lismore » . 34 Dungarvan 22 Tallow 38£ Cappoquin ■ 30$ Youghall 49 A LIST BIANCONI'S ROYAL MAIL DAY CARS, PLYING TO AND FROM THE FOLLOWING TOWNS IN LEINSTER, MUNSTER, AND CONNAUGHT, WITH THE TIME OF DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL STATED IN HOURS AND MINUTES. *#* The Bay Cars do not travel on Sundays. From To Ballinasloe • • Parsonstown Burrosakane Roscrea Boyle Longford n ( Ross, every Tuesday, ' Carlow -^ Thursday, Saturday. . Cashel Waterford . Limerick Clonmel Cork — Dungarvan • • • . ■ Enniscorthy Kilkenny • • Limerick • • • Lismore ■ Mallow • Roscrea Thurles Tipperary • • ■ Waterford • • Hour Hour of despatch. of arrival. 6 a. m. 11 a. m. 5 p. m. 8 p. m. 6 a. m. 10—10 a. m. j- 9 a. m. • • • 3 p. m. 7 a. m. 2—25 p. m. 10—30 a. m. • 4—30 p. m. 9 — 15 a. m. • 5—20 p. m. 3 p. m. 7 p.m. 6 a. m. 5 p. m. 3 p. m. 7 p.m. 9 a. m. 4 p. m. 3 p. m. 9 p. m. 9— 15 a. m. • 5 p. m. 9—30 a. m. • 7 p.m. 2 p.m. 7 p.m. 3 p. m. 7 p.m. 6 a. m. 10 a. m. ROYAL MAIL CARS. 109 From To Hour of despatch. Clonmel Waterford 10 a. m. Ditto 3 p. m. ••• Wexford 6 a.m. Cork Clonmel • 6 a.m. - Fermoy 6 a. m. • • • • Kilkenny 6 a.m. • • • • Limerick ••• 6a.m. Waterford 6 a. m. - • • • Dungarvan • • Clonmel ■ • • • ■ 6 — 30 a. m. Enniscorthy = • • 7 a. m. ■ • • Lismore »* ■ 7 p. m. Waterford w 7 a. m. Wexford ■ 7 a.m. Enniscorthy • • Clonmel 8 a. m. • • Lismore 8 a. m. • • • • Waterford 8a.m. •■•■ Kilkenny .... Carrick-on-Suir 6 a. m. Cork 5 a.m. Fermoy 5 a. m Killarney 5 a.m. Limerick 5 a. m. • • • • Mallow 5 a.m. Maryboro 2 p. m. Mountmellick 2 p.m. Thurles 6 a.m. Killarney KlLLENAULE ■ Tralee 5 a. m. ■ Waterford 6 a.m. Ditto 2 p. m. Limerick 7 a.m. • Kilkenny 1 — 45 p. m. ■ • Roscrea 1 — 45 p. m. Limerick Clonmel 8 a. m. — Cork > 9 a.m. • • • Fermoy ■ « • • 9 a. m. • • • Kilkenny 8 a. m. Killarney 9—30 a. m. Listowell 9— 30 a. m. Tralee 9 — 30 a. m. — Waterford 8 a. m. L Hour of arrival. •• 2— 20 p.m. • - 7 p. m. .. 6— 30p.m. • • 2 — lop. m. • • 9 a. m. •• 7 p.m. • • 3 p. m. • • 7 p. m. • • 10a.m. • • 5 p. m. • 9 p. m. • • 11 a. m. 6— 30 p.m. •• 7 p.m. ■• 9 p.m. •• 2— 30 p.m. • 10a.m. ■ • 5—20 p. m. •• 2— 30 p.m. ( Stops a night at \ Limerick. • 4— 20 p.m. • • • 5 p.m. • • 6 p. m. • • • 8 p. m • • 11— 30 a. m. / Stops a night at \ Limerick. ... 10 a.m. ■ ■• 7 p.m. • • • 3—30 p. m. • ■ 7—30 p. m. • • 7—20 p. m. • • • 2—30 p. m. • • • 5—20 p. m. • • • 2—30 p. m. •• 7 p.m. •• 6— 15 p.m. • • 6 p.m. • . 5—30 p. m. ... 7 pm. 110 ROYAL MAIL CARS. From To J ,¥ our Hour of despatch. of arrival. Lismore Clonmel 5 a.m. * 10— 30 a. m. Waterford 5 a. in. • 10 — 40 a. m. ■ • Wexford 5 a.m. 6—30 p. m. Lustowell • • • - Limerick 6—30 a. m. ■ • 3—30 p. m. Longford Boyle 1— 30 p.m. •• 6 p.m. Mallow Clonmel 6—30 a. m. . • 2—30 p. m. Kilkenny 6—30 a. m. . . 7 p. m. Waterford 6— 30a. m. •• 7p.m. Maryboro' Kilkenny 6 a. m. 11 a. m. Mountmellick Ditto 5 a.m. 11a.m. Parsonstown Ballinasloe 2p.m. 7p.m. Roscrea 5 p. m. • • . • 7 p- m. Roscrea Burrosakane • • 6 a. m. 9 a. m. Parsonstown • • • 6 a. m. . . 8 a. m. Thurles 5 a. m. 8 a. m. Waterford 5 a. m. 7 P- m. -Rnec (Carlow, Monday, \ Qa ™ 0n m Ross - • I Wednesday, Friday} 8 a ' m ' 2 P- m ' Clonmel 12 noon. 7 p. m. Dungarvan 12 noon. 7 p. m. Lismore 12 noon. 9 p. m. Waterford 7 a. m. 9—30 p. m. Ditto 12 noon. 2—30 p. m. Ditto 5—30 p. m. • • 8 p. m. Thomastown • • Ross 4 a. m. 7 — 20 a. m. Wexford 4 a.m. 11a.m. Thurles Clonmel 5 a. m. 10 a. m. Ditto 8—20 a. m. • • 2—30 p. m. Kilkenny 2 p. m. 7— 30p. m. Killenaule 8—20 a. m. • • 10 a. m. Limerick 8— 20 a. m. •• 4 p.m. Roscrea 4 p.m. 7 p.m. 1 Waterford 5 a. m. 2—30 p. m. Tipperary Cashel 1 p. m. 4 p. m. Clonmel 6 a. m. 9—30 a. m. Ditto 11—30 a. m. • • 2—30 p. m. ____ Kilkenny •• 11 — 30 a.m. •• 7 p.m. Thurles 1 p. m. 7 P- m. Waterford 6 a. m. • • 2—30 p. m. . Ditto 11-^30 a. m. • • 7 p. m. Tralee... • Killarney 2— 30p.m. •• 6p.m. ROYAL MAIL CARS. Ill From Tralee • • Waterford Wexford T Hour 1 ° of despatch. Limerick 7 — 30 a. m. Cashel 5 a. m. — Ditto 9 a. m. • • • ~. , f 5 & 9 a. m, Clonmel \ &3p.m. Cork 5 a.m. Enniscorthy 11 a. m. Kilkenny 3 p. m. Ditto 9 a. m. • • Killarney 5 a. m. Limerick 5a.m. • •• Lismore 3 p. m. Mallow 5 a. m. Roscrea 5 a. m. Ross 3 p. m. Thurles 9 a. m. Tralee 5 a. m. Wexford 5a.m. • •• Ditto 11 a. m. Cork 7 a. m. Limerick 7a.m. • •• Kilkenny 7 a. m. Ross 8 a. m. Ditto 2 p. m. Thomastown 2 p. m. Waterford 2 p. m. Ditto 2 p. m. Hour of arrival. . . 3— 30 p.m. . • 1 p. m. . • • 5 p. m. At six miles an hour. • • 5—20 p. m. • • 5 p.m. • • 7 p.m. • • 2 p. m. (Stops one night at Limerick. • • 4 p. m. ■ •• 9 p.m. • •• 5— 20 p.m. ... 7 p.m. ... 5— 30p.m. . • . 7 p. m. / Stops one night \ at Limerick. • • • 11 a. m. ... 6— 30 p.m. ■ ( Stops one night • \ at Limerick. ... 7 p.m. • . • 12 noon. . .. 5 p.m. ... 8— 30 p.m. ... 2— 30 p.m. • • . 8 p. m. THE ITINERARY OF IRELAND. No. 1. From Dublin to ANTRIM. First Road. Through Drogheda, Banbridge, and Moira. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dmmcondra 2 Dundalk 40£ Santry 3J Jonesborough 45| Swords 7 Newry 50i Turrey 9 Sheep Bridge 53} Man-of- War 12f Loughbrickland 58} Balraddery 14} Banbridge • « 60J Julianstown Bridge 20} Donaghcloney 65 Drogheda 23h Magheralin 671 Dunleer 301 Moira 69} Castle Bellingham 34^ Glenavy 76 Lurgan Green 372 Antrim 83 DRUMCONDRA is a village which possesses many objects of attraction to the inhabitants of Dublin, as one of the most agreeable walks from town; the entire road being thickly studded by villas and gardens. The bridge is thrown across the rural stream from Glassnevin, which, passing through Drumcondra and Ballybought, flows into the bay of Dublin. On the rivulet at the bridge foot are some flour mills, and adjoining is Belvidere, a fine square mansion, with a park enclosed by a high wall. The church of Drumcondra contains a monument, by Sheemackers, to the memory of Mr. Coghill, Chancellor of the Exchequer in the last century. Here also, in the church-yard, is the l 3 114 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. tomb of Grose, the antiquarian, so well known by his elegant and laborious illustrations of this kingdom. Pop. 590. SANTRY is a small village of Dublin, with a church, Roman Catholic chapel, and school. Santry House is spacious, and its park extensive : it is the residence of Sir Compton Domville. Beyond this pleasant spot is seen tiie church of Clogkran, situated on a height of lime rock, which commands a superb prospect of both sea and land. Pop. 125. SWORDS is a post town of Dublin, celebrated for its antiquities. Before the Union it was a borough. The black walls of its once stately castle are seen above the small houses of the long street ; a square tower and various portions of ruin still remain. Here also are vestiges of the monastery founded by St. Columb, in 512, as well as a nunnery, an old church, and a celebrated round tower, 73 feet in height and 55 in girth : it is isolated from the walls of the church, and is of a ruder construction than many of the other Irish round towers. The horse and cattle fair is well attended by the holiday makers of Dublin. It has a handsome Gothic church, for the erection of which some of the ruins of the old abbey were removed ; a Roman Catholic chapel, a school house, a dispensary, and a large barrack. Pop. 2537. Fairs: March 17, May 9, July 12, September 10, and November 5. Two miles from Swords is Feltrim, a village at the foot of a hill which commands a fine prospect. Feltrim Castle afforded an asylum to James II. after the battle of the Boyne, and the room in which he passed one night is still preserved. 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 115 TURVEY is a small village of Dublin. Near it is Turvey Park, with a large mansion, the seat of Lord Trimleston, surrounded by fine woods and shrubberies. At some distance are the ruins of Grace Dieu Nunnery. MAN-OF-WAR was formerly a first stage from town, and well known for its excellent accommodation, but it has fallen to decay, in consequence of the high road being changed. BALRUDDERY is a small village of Dublin, a mile from the sea : it gives name to a barony. The church is a neat building. In the vicinity are Prospect Hall and Hampton Hall, two fine seats. Three miles and a half beyond this place is Gormanstown Castle, the seat of Viscount Gormanstown. Pop. 375. Fairs: May 6, and Aug. 12. DROGHEDA is situated on the Boyne, in Louth, but its liberties south of the river are in Eastmeath. This town is a county in itself, and sends a member to the Imperial Parliament: it is governed by a mayor and sheriffs. Drogheda is historically celebrated ; it gallantly resisted all the efforts of the Irish under Sir Phelim O'Neil, in 1641 ; and soon afterwards it was stormed by Cromwell, who put its defenders to the sword. In the valley of the Boyne, at Old Bridge, two miles from the town, and on an eminence, is the obelisk, which commemorates King William's deci- sive victory on the 1st of July, 1690; where also the brave Schomberg was killed by an accidental shot from one of his own men. The houses of Drogheda are large and handsome, and are built of brick ; and the public edifices are respectable ; but its suburbs consist of unsightly hovels. The Tholsel, in the main street, is a handsome building, with a tower, covered in by a small dome. The traveller may also notice. 11.6 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. the linen hall, the corn market designed by Mr. John- ston, the custom house, the gaol erected in 1818, the Catholic chapel on the site of the old gaol, the county hospital in Great George Street, the theatre in William Street, the reading rooms on the quay, and the men- dicity establishment in William Street. There are also several meeting houses and charitable institutions. In its brave defence, in 1641, the town was commanded by Lord Moore, of Drogheda, ancestor of the Marquess of Drogheda. On an adjoining hill there is a small fort with a guard and cannon. The present prosperity and trade of the place give it a high rank among the towns in Ireland ; the linen manu- facture is very considerable. St. Peter's church and spire, of hewn stone, erected from designs by Mr. Johnston ; St. Mary's church, completed in 1810; the barracks, and the ancient steeples of the abbeys, transpierced by wide arches, in the direction of the cardinal points, are worthy of notice ; the latter suffered by the shot from Cromwell's batteries. Drogheda is seated in a valley, with a steep range of hills to the north, up which the road ascends just beyond the town; whence the various steeples appear above the low houses of the suburb, which extends nearly half a mile from the principal streets ; a fine coup d'ceil of the town is obtained from the hills. The sea and bay are above four miles east of the town ; yet, as the Boyne is navigable to the bridge, the port of Drogheda is favourable for a con- siderable commerce and coasting trade. There are steam packets to Dublin, Liverpool, and Belfast. The salmon fishery is good. The following are the antiquities of the town and its vicinity : — the fine ruin of St. Mary's Church, close to which once stood a castle, south of the Boyne; an Augustine 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 117 abbey; a priory of St. Laurence, near the gate of the same name; a Dominican friary, founded in 1224, on the north side of the Boyne, in which Richard II. received the per- sonal homage and fealty of several Irish princes ; St. Mary's hospital, at the west gate; and other monastic houses, crosses, &c. Bevrac Mount, artificially raised, it is sup- posed as a barrow, is near the old chapel of St. Mary. The town was formerly surrounded with walls, but only one gateway (St. Laurence's) is now standing. Terfeckan Castle, which, was inhabited by the learned Usher, and the Archbishops of Armagh, is now a ruin, and is above three miles from Drogheda. The village of Ter- feckan, which is near the coast, is inhabited by fishermen. The parish church is situated on a rising ground, over the river, and has a good steeple and spire. Mellifont, a Cis- tercian abbey, is five miles to the west of Drogheda ; it was founded by O' Carrol, in the twelfth century, and afterwards granted by Henry VIII. to the Moores, by whom it was repaired for a mansion ; the baptistery and some other interesting vestiges of it are still to be seen. The demo- lition of its beautiful doorway occurred some years ago, in consequence of its then proprietor having staked it on a chance at cards. To the left of the north road, in a valley three miles from Drogheda, the traveller cannot fail to observe the great round tower at Monasterboice, dilapi- dated near the top, 110 feet high, and 51 in circumference ; at its foot are two sculptured crosses, of which St. Boyne's Cross is 18 feet in height. Two ancient chapels are all that remain of Monasterboice Abbey. At Grange, near Drogheda, is a famous excavated cavern of large dimen- sions, said, by Valancey, to be a heathen temple, being an antrum dedicated to superstitious rites; its vault is 118 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. rudely covered in : some Roman coins were discovered in this cave. Pop. 17,365. The principal Inns are commodious, and well furnished; Market day: Saturday. Fairs: March 9, April 10, May 12, June 22, Aug. 26, Oct. 29, Nov. 20, and Dec. 18. DUNLEER is a village of Louth, and post town. This county, which is entered at Drogheda, is the smallest of the kingdom, but is amongst the best cultivated, and is fertile ; it is bordered by precipitous broken hills to the north, and is embellished by a considerable growth of ash trees, which in many parts surround the villages or border the roads : it appears fortunate that this tree is so much favoured by the Irish, as its pendant and elegant branches are pleasing to the sight, and its wood is of constant utility to agricul- turists. Dunleer has a large church ; it is a more seques- tered place, and exhibits less of commercial spirit and activity, or improvement, than might be expected in such a thoroughfare. It has good inns. Pop. 710. Seats. — Barmeath, the demesne of the Bellew family ; Rokeby Hall, one mile distant, built from designs by Mr. Johnston, and formerly the mansion of the late Dr. Robin- son, Archbishop of Armagh, but now the seat of Count De Salis, the proprietor of the town, who has built a handsome dispensary, and promoted much improvement in it. CASTLE BELLINGHAM is a beautiful post town of Louth, on the banks of the Lagan, which, at a short dis- tance to the east, falls into an open shallow bay of the Irish Channel. Here is a respectable inn, and the village fur- nishes excellent ale. The dispensary was established in 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 119 1819. The school houses, built as Swiss cottages, by Sir Allen Bellingham, Bart., are remarkably neat, and their architecture a great ornament to the town. At the bend of the road, in the centre of Castle Bellingham, is a large elm tree. In the vicinity is Greenmount, on the summit of which is an earthen fort or encampment, commanding a fine prospect. In the middle is a large barrow, or tumulus. The church of Castle Bellingham is an ancient edifice, to which a new aisle has been added ; there is also a Roman Catholic chapel at a short distance from the town. Pop. 611. Fairs: Easter Tuesday, and October 10. Distant one mile from this, is the sea-bathing village of Annagassan. LURGAN-GREEN is a small village and post town on the eastern coast of Louth, near the mouth of the little river Fane. Clermont demesne is one mile farther, and beyond it is the old church of Hainestown. The whole of the flat shore south of Dundalk is covered with various kinds of water-fowl ; barnacles are the most numerous, and the most highly esteemed, although here they are not considered to possess the fine flavour of the same bird either at Wexford or Derry. The stupendous barrier of the Car- lingford Hills skirts the opposite coast of this great bay, and has a direction from west to east. Fail's: May 21, July 25, and November 11. DUNDALK is an ancient and populous assize, borough, market, and post town of Louth, on the south side of the Cas- tletown river, and near the bay to which it gives name, and returns a member to the Imperial Parliament. It was at this point the bulwark of the " English Pale," and was surrounded on all sides by strong castles, and castellated mansions of the English barons. Its fortifications were 120 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 4 destroyed in 1641. It has a commodious but shallow har- bour, and a good roadstead, and its trade and manufactures are flourishing. The cambric manufacture has been intro- duced here, and continues to flourish. The town and public buildings have been erected in a good style ; the streets are regular, and of great length. In the market-place, which is spacious, is the sessions house, an edifice of truly classical architecture, completed in 1822. The facade is after the model of the Temple of Theseus, at Athens : the noble Doric columns in the portico are fluted, and, being in a double row, give a depth and stateliness to this edifice which is surpassed by few other court houses. Here are the remains of two ancient friaries, one of which, called the Grey Friars, has a large tower. The barracks, gaol, news and assembly rooms, linen hall, and a hand- some charter school, endowed by the Hamilton family, are good buildings. A fine and newly-erected county infirmary on the south side attracts attention. There are two Roman Catholic chapels, several meeting houses, a free school, and fever hospital. At some distance from Dundalk, but within sight of the town, are the castle and rath of Castletown, near which are the venerable walls of a church, clad with ivy. From the hill on which Castletown stands, is seen the seat of the Earls of Clanbrassil, who possessed likewise a good house in Dundalk; which mansions descended by inter- marriage to the Earl of Roden, together with a finely- planted demesne, and a large estate. In this old mansion are preserved fine portraits of Henry VIII., Anne Boleyn, and some of the Hamiltons. A handsome bridge was built across the river in 1822, a few yards farther from the head of the Bay than the ancient one, which was narrow, and in a dangerous condition. Dundalk market is plenti- ]. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 121 fully supplied, particularly in the corn trade ; it is held on Monday, and is a lively scene of speculation and bustle. The approach to this town by the Dublin road is extremely beautiful: we pass along the side of a noble park on the left hand, and on the right hand a newly-built brick chimney, of great altitude, attracts our attention ; it belongs to the distillery. Races are held annually. Pop. 10,078. Market day: Monday. Fairs: principal on May 17; also on Feb. 22, July 5, Aug. 20, Oct. 25, and Dec. 13. Inns : the King's Arms; and the Coach and Horses, A steamer plies regularly to Liverpool. JONESBOROUGH, or FLURRYBRIDGE, by which latter name it is designated in the list of post towns, is in the county of Armagh. The road from Dundalk, after passing round the head of the bay, begins to ascend the mountains. To the right is Bellurgan Hill, an abrupt isolated precipice, at the foot of the Carlingford range ; it is situated upon the sea-shore, and its round, rocky top overshadows Ravensdale, in which is situated Ravensdale Park, and near it the villa of the late Baron M'Clelland. Ascending the pass, which, in consequence of numerous accidents to coaches, has been rendered more practicable by a new line of road, we have to the right the woods of Piedmont, Mr. Fortescue's, which in unbounded diversity skirt the brink of the romantic Jonesborough Rivulet, and cover the side of a stupendous height, the top of which contrasts by its red heath with the sylvan scene beneath : avenues through these delightful groves conduct directly up the hill. To the left of our route rise desolate summits, or craggy rocks, above the shells of numerous houses burned by the insurgents in 1798, which the present pro- prietor is j repairing : the neighbouring hill has also been M 122 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. recently planted. Jonesborough is a fine sporting station : it has an inn; and its church closes the prospect of the most romantic mountains, which surround a wide elevated plain, consisting principally of a deep red moss, along the road to Newry. Of these mountains some are newly planted ; and Slieve Gullen, which has a small lake on its summit, frowns majestically above the dreary waste. Pop. 174. NEWRY is a populous manufacturing town and port of Down, having two handsome bridges over the Newry - Water. The mail passes over a drawbridge on the canal, which is navigable for small sloops from Carlingford Bay to Lough Neagh. Newry is situated in a circuitous valley, and the en- trance to it from the Dublin road is formed by a long and steep descent. The prospect along the vale towards the Bay of Carlingford is sublime, presenting a full view of superb hills, and of a navigation winding around their base, with every feature which a spirited commerce can superadd to the romantic outline of this wild scenery. To the left the mountains of Killeny are still inhabited by a rude uncultivated peasantry, by whom the English language is but little known. The quay, and vessels floating along- side of it, form an interesting sight within the town itself ; some of the streets are narrow and ill-built, but the style of the new buildings is greatly superior to the old town. The new church, with its elegant Gothic spire, cannot fail to excite admiration. The commerce and manufactures of Newry and its surrounding district, enable the highly respectable inhabitants and merchants to improve their town, in a degree, and with a rapidity, that was little to be expected : but for their excitement, the improvements of 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 123 the last thirty years would not have been effected in a century. The old church, repaired in the time of Charles II., is conspicuous on the ridge of a hill which closes the north limits of the town. The abbey of Newry was founded by Mac Laughlin, an Irish monarch, in the 12th century, and was endowed by Hugh de Lacy. In right of the abbacy, certain civil and ecclesiastical privileges are still enjoyed by the lay impropriator. The abbey stood on this hill, and was burned in the civil war. Newry has a court house, a sessions house, and gaol ; an exchange, with a news room, and ball-room ; a custom house, a theatre, a market house, and several schools and meeting houses. The Roman Catholic chapel is probably the handsomest in Ireland, and is at once a beautiful and chaste specimen of the Gothic style. It is in the High Street, on the opposite side to the new church. In the burial ground of the Presbyterian meeting house is a handsome monument in memory of Dr. Malcolm. The retreating forces of James II. set fire to this town. It is now, however, the most flourishing place in the county of Down, which our road here first enters, and which throughout exhibits a diversity of hill and dale, from the smooth green knoll to the craggy tops of gigantic cliffs; whilst the perpetual recurrence of fresh or salt water loughs, and beautiful bays of the sea, aids powerfully the picturesque display of a county, which is also the favourite seat of enterprise and civilization. East of Newry there is a rath distant one mile ; and at no great distance quarries of grey granite. Newry returns a member to the United Parliament, and is governed by a seneschal. Steamers ply regularly to Liverpool, Glasgow, and Dublin. Pop, 13,065. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: first Monday after Easter Sunday, and October 29. Inns : 124 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. King's Arms ; Black's Hotel; the Crown ; the Shakespeare j and the White Cross. The scenery between Newry and Rostrevor, on the coast, is a combination of the wilder aspect of nature with all the charms consequent to wealth, cultivation, and taste. LOUGHBRICKLAND is a post town, in the county of Down. It is a straggling, but pleasant place, the name of which is said by Smith, in his account of Down, to mean the Lake of the Speckled Trout. The lake itself is close to the village, and its bleak shore is unprotected by any wood ; the winds sweeping down from the naked hill above it, often agitate the surface ; at a distance from the road, which winds along its shore, there is a cluster of trees which grow upon a diminutive islet emerging from the lough. The Protestants were here devoted to a horrible catastrophe in the great rebellion, having been driven upon the ice by their enemies, when it broke, they sunk to the bottom, no escape to the shore being possible. The lough is deep, and has a variety of fine fish. The church is small. There is a new and very neat Roman Catholic chapel on the left, passing from the south. Pop. 618. Fairs : Monthly. Inn: the Rising Sun. BANBRIDGE is a considerable market and post town of Down, on the river Bann. It is seated on a steep hill descending to the north, with a good bridge at the extre- mity of its wide street. Here the principal north roads divide, that by Lurgan branching off to the left. On the top of the hill stood the market house, which was removed on the cutting down of the road through the centre of the hill on which the town stands ; this operation is no doubt a great advantage to the traveller; but the road running a depth 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 125 of thirty feet below the level of the foundations of the houses in the principal street, which is thus divided by it, and its breadth much contracted, the inhabitants feel it as an inconvenience. A light bridge is thrown across it for communication between the two sides. A new market house is in progress, and the prosperity of the town seems to increase, there being two branches of banks lately established ; we may therefore suppose that the arduous operation of diminishing the elevation of this road, through the town, has been successful : roads for wheeled carriages still ascend the old hill on each side, past the doors of the houses; the masonry of unequal masses of black rock, of which the bridge is built, has that peculiar character which is familiar to the traveller in Ireland. There is an excellent inn at the entrance from the south, with several good public-houses in the town. It is a place of much traffic, and a great thoroughfare. The bann side presents some very beautiful scenery ; a large quantity of yarn and fine webs is bought up throughout the adjacent country, and the loom is plied by most of the cottagers, who are industrious, and reap great advantage from the linen manu- facture. The church is a mile distant, but there are a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, and a dispensary. Pop. 2469. Fairs: Jan. 12, for horses, March 10, June 9, July 26, Aug. 26, and Nov. 16. Market Day : Monday. Inn : the Downshire Arms. The vale from Banbridge to Moyallen, Lord Gilford's, is fertile and picturesque : wooded hills, bleach grounds, and the winding stream, are its principal features. DONAGHCLONEY is a village in the county of Armagh. m3 126 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. MAGHERALIN is a pretty village of Armagh, with a good parish church and glebe house. It is near the River Lagan, and at a short distance from it is Grace Hall, a pleasant residence. The Bishops of Dromore formerly inhabited a mansion at this place. MOIRA, in the county of Down. This post town was the property of the Rawdon family, and hence the Marquess of Hastings took the title of Earl Moira. The main street is wide, and well built, and there is a good market house. The church, which is of hewn stone, is seated on a hill, and is approached by an avenue of elms. The castle, built here by the Rawdons, was a stately residence ; it is now taken down, but the park is still an agreeable walk. Moira has an endowed school, a good parsonage, and two meeting houses. A mile from it is a large Roman Catholic chapel. Sir R. Bateson, Bart, is the proprietor of Moira. Pop. 787. ANTRIM is a fair and post town, called the capital of the flourishing county of this name ; but although sessions are held here, the assizes for the county are at Carrick- fergus. It gives the title of Earl to the M'Donnell family. This was an Irish borough, but does not now return any member. The town is rapidly improving, for which it is partly indebted to the linen trade ; the very beautiful adjacent district being filled with bleach-fields and beetling- mills. The land in the vicinity is fertile. The Six- Mile Water joins Lough Neagh near Antrim. The market house has been substantially repaired ; and there is an elegant Gothic church, with a steeple and spire, and several meeting houses, a dispensary, and schools. A well- 1. DUBLIN TO ANTRIM. 127 built Catholic chapel, with an image of the Virgin over the entrance, faces the park of Viscount Ferrard. His lodge within the town, is a small embattled gateway, conspicuous at the head of the street entering from Randalstown. Antrim Castle, the seat of Viscount Massarene, stands amidst the plantations of the park, which lies on the banks of Lough Neagh. Beneath the shelter of the fine timber of this park are innumerable pheasants. Earl O'Neill was slain in 1798, in this town, being surrounded by a body of insurgents. The round tower, on a spacious plain, about half a mile from the town, is perfect, and is kept in repair; its white side renders it conspicuous, but detracts from the gloomy antiquity of the more dilapidated towers of this kind ; it is ninety-five feet in height, and at one yard from the ground, fifty-three feet in circumference. The slated roofs in this country are often, in like manner, white, with a thin coat of mortar, from the erroneous notion that it strengthens the otherwise beautiful slates, against the heavy rains of this climate ; but a white roof invariably destroys the beauty of a landscape, or the appearance of a mansion or village. Pop. 2655. Market Day: Thursday. Fairs: Jan. 1, May 12, Aug. 3, and Nov. 12. Inns : the Antrim Armsj and the King's Arms. 128 No. 2. From Dudlin to ANTRIM. Second Road. Through Duogheda, Banbridge, and Lurgan. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge*, as at No. 1 60J Ballindcrry 74| Hall's Mill 63£ Crumlin 791 Waringstown 66| Antrim 84| Lurgan 68| WARINGSTOWN is a pleasant village and post town in Down. The roof of the church is of Irish oak. In the vicinity is a Danish Rath, and the mansion of the Waring family. In the immediate neighbourhood are many exten- sive bleach greens. LURGAN, in the county of Armagh, is a pleasant town, situated at a short distance from the south-east point of Lough Neagh, of which it commands a good view ; but except near gentlemen's residences, the shores of this lake are generally boggy, bare of trees, and flat. The principal street is wide, and the church has a fine spire. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel, several meeting houses, a court house, and a school. The linen manufacture flourishes here ; and there is a distillery, and two breweries. Near Lurgan is an elegant new mansion of Mr.Brownlow's. It is a manor house, in the Elizabethean style, surrounded by beautiful grounds. It is a post town, and has a branch of the provincial bank. Pop. 2842. Market Day : Friday. Fairs : Aug. 5, and Nov. 22. BALLINDERRY is a village and post town of Antrim. Half a mile from it is Porlmore Castle, an ancient ruin on 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. 129 the side of Lough Neagh, which, with the fine park sur- rounding it, belongs to the Marquess of Hertford. Pop. 410. CRUMLIN is a neat village and post town of Antrim. Here is an extensive flour mill, a meeting house, and a Roman Catholic chapel and school. Beyond Crumlin, on the lake, the round tower of Ram Island forms a marked object; the distant shore towards Stewartstown can be traced in a clear atmosphere ; the Bay of Lurgan is to the left, and Slieve Gallion is seen near Lough Beg, or the lesser Lake. Few objects near Lough Neagh can compare with Longford Lodge, Colonel Packenham, with the delightful road called the Green Walk, its noble trees and pretty cascade : the walk leads from Crumlin to the ruins of a chapel. Pop. 643. Fairs: Monthly. No. 3. From Dublin to ARDFERT. First Road. Through Kildare, Maryborough, Limerick, and Newcastle. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ratheoole 73 Silvermines 77 Johnstown 13£ Shallee Turnpike 781 Naas 15£ Newport 86 Newbridge 20| Limerick 94 Kildare 24| Adair 102 Monastereven 30 Rathkeale 108 Emo 34| Newcastle 114J Maryborough 40 Coolnakenny 118* Mountrath 46i Abbeyfeale 1234 Castle-town • 48£ Listowell ■ 1314 Burros-in-Ossory 53^ Crotto 1381 Roscrea 5% Abbey Odorney 140* Toomavara 69} Ardfert •144i 130 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. RATHCOOLE, a post town in Dublin. The Cork mail coach road passes through Kilmainham, and at two miles from the capital, by a handsome bridge, crosses the grand canal. Leaving Clondallrin half a mile on the right, with its celebrated round tower, eighty-four feet high, we reach the village of Rathcoole ; it has a charter-school for female orphans : two miles beyond it begins Kildare county. Pop. 602. Seats: Athgoe ; Castle-Warden; and Kilteel Castle, about four miles from Rathcoole. JOHNSTOWN, in Kildare, is seated on the river Moral, where there is a good inn. Pop. 101. Seats : two miles before we come to Johnstown, is Bishop's Court, the elegant mansion of Lord Ponsonby ; on a hill to the right is seen Oughterard church and tower. Palmerstown, the ancient family mansion of the Earl of Mayo. NAAS, a borough, market, and post town, in Kildare, was once fortified with several strong castles, and is seated on a height. Assemblies of the States were long holden at Naas, antecedent to the ninth century ; its name signifies the place of the Elders. Naas was the residence of the Kings of Leinster. In all the civil wars this town was an object of severe contest; it was a scene of action in 1798, when one thousand insurgents were repulsed in the street, with considerable loss. At the foot of the rath at Naas was a cell for Augustine Eremities, or Friars, whose house here was founded in 1484: there is also an artificial moat raised at the opposite end of the town. The Dominican monastery is a ruin in the centre of the town ; it was founded by the family of Sir Edward Eustace, Lord Chancellor. 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. 131 There are barracks, a court house, a market house, and the county gaol ; also a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. The grand canal passes within two miles, and there is a cut from it to the town. Here are also flour mills, and the corn market is conducted in an extensive manner. Pop. 3808. Market Bays : Monday and Thursday. Fairs '■: Feb. 16, Mar. 17, May 8 and 19, Aug. 10, Oct. 20, and Nov. 22. Inn : the King's Arms. Seats : the Duke of Leinster has a ruined castle. Within half a mile south of Naas, is Jigginstown House, built by the Earl of Strafford, who was beheaded in the reign of Charles I. : this palace fell into decay upon his attainder. Cradockslown, one mile distant. NEWBRIDGE, a post town in Kildare. This village receives its name from the bridge across the River Liffey. See on the left hand Great Connell Abbey ; twenty years after this magnificent abbey was built, its founder, Meyler Fitzhenry, natural son of Henry I., was interred in the chapter-house, with this inscription : — Conduntur tumulo Meyleri nobilis ossa, Indomitus domitor totius gentis Hiberniae. At Old Connell there is a handsome rath. Pop. 577. Fairs : May 3, and August 15. KILDARE is the county town of Kildare. The ap- proach to this town, so much celebrated in history, is across the Curragh, which is the most beautiful race-course in the kingdom. The King's plate is run for here in April, in June, and September. King George IV. visited this spot in 1821. The Curragh of Kildare comprises 3000 acres, and presents the remains of several barrows or raths, 132 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. supposed to be Druidical. This ancient town long gave title to the Fitzgeralds; in 1766, the Earl of Kildare was created Duke of Leinster. Chilledair, the Wood of Oaks, was a gloomy forest of great extent ; the arm of the Danish invaders severely depressed the rising town. Here may be seen the ruins of several abbeys. The nunnery was founded by St. Bridget, about a. d. 500 ; and within its walls she established a perpetual sacred fire, which was first extin- guished by Henry deLoundres, Archbishop of Dublin,in 1220, and, having been relighted, was continued till the disso- lution in the sixteenth century. The place where this relic of superstition was exhibited is now called the Fire House. Several famous princes of Ireland abdicated and became Abbots of Kildare : among others, Aod Dubh (black Hugh) king of Leinster, in 638. The Grey Friars and the White Friars were founded, the first in 1260, and the latter in 1290, by William Lord de Vesci, Earl of Kildare. At Tully, near Kildare, are the ruins of an ancient abbey. The house of the Knights Hospitallers of Tully was made a grant of to Sir Henry Harrington : its estates are now held in commendam of the Bishop of Kildare. The beautiful and perfect round tower in the church- yard at Kildare is 130 feet in height; at the distance of fourteen feet from the foundation is the door ; which, being placed so high, is approached by steps on the outside. The basement beneath the door is of a white granite, and the upper part of the tower is dark, and surmounted by a battlement. A part of the castle is in tolerable repair ; the cathedral is classed among the ruins ; but the choir is used as the parish church. The deanery of Christ Church forms the most valuable portion of the present diocese. There is a Roman Catholic chapel, and also a parish school. The town suffered much during the last rebellion ; 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. 133 in former times its ramparts were sufficient to protect it from a minor force. It possesses some public buildings ; amongst which are the county infirmary, the turf club house, and the market house, contiguous to which is a well. The town is governed by a Sovereign and a Recorder. In the vicinity is the Hill of Allen, a cave which is said to be the place of sepulture of Oscar and other Ossianic chiefs, this being formerly the Hill of Temora : this hill contains rich veins of copper, and gives name to the great Bog of Allen. Above a mile beyond Kildare is the ruin called Lackagh Castle. Seats: Moore Town / and Mount Rice. Pop. 1753. Market Day: Thursday. Fairs: Feb. 12. Easter Tuesday, May 12, June 29, Sept. 19, and Oct. 29. Inn : the Kildare Hotel. MONASTEREVEN is a market and post town in the county of Kildare, pleasantly situated on the Barrow, over which is a bridge of five arches. A south branch of the grand canal, in its course towards Athy, passes by this town. It has a modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a market house, a dispensary, and a seminary for the charter schools of Leinster : there is also an exten- sive brewery and distillery. The abbey, in which St. Evan, in 620, placed monks from Munster, was formerly very magnificent. It was granted to LordAudley; and now belongs to the Marquess of Drogheda, whose mansion and demesne of Moore Abbey is on the Barrow river ; the park is beautifully laid out, and contains a fine lake skirted by a mountain. Three miles beyond this town is Ballybrittas, a village and post town; and near it Clanmalliere, the mansion and seat of the Dean of Kildare. Pop. 1441. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs: Mar. 28, 1M 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. Whit Tuesday, July 31, and Dec. 6. Inn: the Drogheda Arms, by D. Fleming. EMO, a post town, in Queen's County. Seats : Daw- soji's Court, Earl of Portarlington. This mansion is sur- rounded by a beautifully-wooded park, which contains some fine avenues. The groves skirt the border of a charming lake, the resort of a surprising assemblage of aquatic fowl. Beyond Emo are Ratlikeen Castle andCommon, and on the right Sheen Castle, on a steep mountain. This old castle was an appurtenance of Dunamase, and was repaired and embel- lished by Dean Coote. Above two miles from Emo, to the left of the high road, is the ancient ruin of Dunamase or Dun Mace Castle, upon a precipitous rock, once the fortified residence of Earl Strongbow: it was last dismantled by Cromwell. Pop. 102. MARYBOROUGH, the capital of Queen's County, is a market and post town near the river Barrow. The county and county town alike receive name from Mary I., in whose reign their institution as such was granted. The castle of Maryborough, destroyed by Crom- well, although a ruin, has its constable. This town is governed by a burgomaster, and has a barrack : its situa- tion is in a charming and highly- embellished country. — Here are a neat church, a handsome Roman Catholic chapel, a commodious gaol, school houses, a county infir- mary, and lunatic asylum. There is also a small manufactory of cottons and woollens. This place gives title of Baron to one of the Wellesley family. Pop. 3223. Market Day: Thursday. Fairs: Jan. 1, Feb. 24, March 25, May 12, July 5, Sept. 4, Oct, 23, and Dec. 4. 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. 135 Seats : Rathleague, a fine seat of Sir Henry Parnell, Bart., is half a mile beyond the town. Ballyfin House is a magnificent residence : the most distinguished objects of the park are the wide-expanding lake, and the large forest timber which shades its banks. MOUNTRATH, a market and post town in Queen's County, situated on the river Nore. In this small town, a woollen manufacture, a cotton factory, and several forges are established. The modern church has a handsome spire and clock. Here also are a Roman Catholic chapel, a Quakers' meeting house, Methodist chapels, a modern school house on the Lancasterian system, and a free school for Roman Catholics. The market house is a good structure ; and a handsome street, named Coote Street, is added to the old town. Pop. 2593. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs : Jan. 6, Feb. 17, Easter Monday, 2nd Thursday in May, June 20, Aug. 10, Sept. 29, and first Thursday in Nov. CASTLETOWN is a village of Queen's County, upon the river Nore. It has the ruins of a castle which once belonged to Sir Oliver Mac Moires, noted for his gigantic stature and surprising strength. Pop. 376. Fairs: May 1, June 29, and Oct. 18. BURROS-IN-OSSORY, in Queen's County, is a pretty village and post town. Three miles from Burros are the ruins of Ballaghmore Castle. Pop. 770. Fairs : nine in the year. ROSCREA is a post town in Tipperary, and has a considerable trade. The old church is a fine structure. 136 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. the doors and mouldings of which are Saxon: near it is a large cross called St. Cronan's Shrine, as well as a round tower, eighty feet high, having a pointed window. The castle is used as a barrack. There are many anti- quities in or near Roscrea, it having in early times been a bishop's see. Roscrea has also a church, erected in 1812, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, a market house, a bridewell, and a free school. The principal trade is the woollen manufacture. In Monela Bog, a branch of the Bog of Allen, three miles from Roscrea, are the ruins of a Culdean abbey, founded by St. Columba, which still displays a grand Saxon arch, richly carved. A church and a chapel at this place stood on two islands. This bog, in early ages, was a lake. In Ledwich's antiquities there is an account of the Culdees of this abbey of Monaincha, a sect which opposed the Romish tenets. It was granted by Elizabeth to Sir Lucas Dillon. Some fine ash trees are growing upon its dilapidated walls. Pop. 5512. Market Days: Thursday and Saturday. Fairs: Mar. 25, May 7 and 13, June 21, Aug. 8, Oct. 9, and Nov. 29. Inn : the White Hart. Dunlcerrin is a village in King's County, four and a half miles beyond Roscrea. It has a charter school, and a capacious church, built in 1818. Upon the road from Roscrea, the ruins of Rahanvegue Castle are seen, about a mile from Dunkerrin. Moneygall, in King's County, is a post town, seven miles beyond Roscrea : with little to engage the traveller's attention. TOOMAVARA, in Tipperary. This village con- tains the ruins of a preceptory of the Knights Templars, 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. 137 Knockane Castle is at a short distance ; and beneath a lofty hill is the ruin of Blane Castle. Pop. 790. SILVERMINES, in Tipperary. The lead mines of this place have proved very valuable and productive. Near it are the ruins of Dunally Castle, Near this is Rilbay Castle, the seat of Lord Dunally. One mile and three quarters beyond Silvermines is Shallee turnpike. Pop, 852. Fairs: April 27, last Thursday in May, July 21, and Oct. 23. NEWPORT, in Tipperary, is a post town, pleasantly situated upon a stream which falls into the Shannon. The church has a square tower. To the left of the village is Derryleagh Castle, in ruins. Three miles from this is Castleconnell, a post town in Limerick, on the bank of the Shannon : it possesses the ruin of a castle : this famous fortress, situated upon a high and steep rock, was built by Connel the chieftain. There is an excellent spa, noted for the cure of scorbutic diseases and worms, a neat church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The scenery here is beautiful : below the town commence the rapids of the Shannon ; above them, the water is forty feet deep, and about three hundred yards wide, making its way over rocks and stones for nearly half a mile. Castleconnell has an excellent inn. Pop. 1312. Fairs: April 20, June 1, July 16, and Oct. 4. Annacotty, in Limerick, is a village on the road, within three miles of the city. To the right, on an island of the river Shannon, is Castle Troy, about a mile from Annacotty. To the left of the high-road is Newcastle, in which King William III. had his head-quarters. 138 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT* LIMERICK, which is reckoned the third city of Ireland* and gives name to one of the most extensive counties, is advantageously situated on the Shannon. It has its mayor, aldermen, sheriffs, and recorder; and the garrison is commanded by a governor and a town major. It is a city returning two members to Parliament, and a bishop's see* united with Iniscarthy in the 12th century, and with Aghadoe and Ardfert in 1663. The town is styled a county in itself, and consists of three parts; the English town* built on King's Island in the Shannon ; the Irish town; and Newtown Pery, so named from the ancestor of the Earl of Limerick who planned it in 1769. The streets in this quarter are regular and handsome ; but those in the old town are narrow and gloomy. The bridge communi- cating with King's Island, consists of three wide arches. In 1800 it had but 3000 houses ; but in 1831 there were 7800. The general style of the buildings is neat, and some of the public edifices are handsome : amongst them are the exchange, erected in 1777; the commercial buildings in Rutland Street; the new courthouse; the custom house; the linen hall ; the county gaol, built in 1822, and said to be the most perfect prison in Ireland ; the county infir- mary opposite to it ; the house of industry ; the lunatic asylum, and the barracks. A magnificent new bridge, with a drawbridge across the Shannon, from the New Town to the county of Clare, is completed ; of which the late celebrated Mr. Nimmo was engineer. It is called Wellesley Bridge ; and consists of five arches, each seventy feet span. This bridge, with the docks attached, have already cost upwards of 80,000/. ; and an Act has been lately passed, granting a further sum of 80,000/., for the purpose of form- ing an extensive floating dock, which when completed, will be one of the most useful undertakings in Ireland. A fine £ DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. 13<> square has been marked out and planted, though not yet built upon, the centre of which is adorned with a fluted pillar, surmounted by a statue, executed by Kirk, of the Right Hon. Spring Rice, M.P., to whom the city is greatly in- ks numerous improvements. The cathedral, dedicated to St. Mary, is of Gothic architecture, with a handsome interior. It contains the tomb of the Thomonds, and part of a monument in honour of the Galway family : the tower commands a line view of the town, and the river. The first episcopal church here was founded by St. Munchin in the sixth century, and was destroyed by the Danes. There are several parish churches, as well as Roman Catholic chapels, friaries, a nunnery, and meeting houses, of the Wesleyans, Independents, and Quakers, The Dominican chapel is a handsome edifice in the Gothic style ; and the Augustine chapel in George Street, at one time the theatre, is worthy of notice. Thomond. bridge is among the most curious of the ancient monuments of Limerick ; it is supposed to have been built about the year 1210, and consists of fourteen arches, of irregular construction. It crosses the main arm of the Shannon, from the north-east extremity of the deb ted for English town. Limerick possesses many charitable institutions: — amongst which may be mentioned the magdalen hospital, the foundling hospital, the fever and sick hospitals, and the Diocesan school : also Barrington's hospital, lately built at the sole expense of Sir J. Barrington, Bart, and his sons. The town manufactures woollens, linen, thread lace, and paper ; and there are several breweries and distilleries, tanneries, and salt works; also a considerable manufac- ture of gloves. The trade of this port is considerable : 140 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. ships of 350 tons being able to reach the quay. The principal exports are corn and butter, which have rapidly increased; the chief imports, provisions. A canal, on which steam-boats are established, forms a communication with Dublin. Limerick is very ancient: the Danes, about the year 900, increased its commerce, and wine was imported in great quantities at that early period. The English acquired possession of Limerick in 1174: it has gained great histo- rical fame by its gallant resistance, when laid siege to, in both the civil wars. Ireton took the town in 1642; William III. in vain attempted its reduction in 1690 ; but his troops, under Ginkle, took it in 1691. Vestiges of the castle are seen on the river side, partly concealed by houses; but the fortifications and city gates have been demolished. There existed several monasteries, and a nunnery, founded by the Kings of Thomond and Limerick, or by citizens ; the ruins of some of them still endure ; namely, of a Dominican friary, founded in 1241, seen at the barrack and tanyard ; of the Grey Friars, the site of which is now occupied by the county court house, and its church is at present an hospital ; besides which there were two other monasteries and a nunnery, all of the order of St. Augustine. The Shannon, on which Limerick is seated, deserves the noblest encomium for its picturesque variety, and its majesty, it being the broadest and principal river in Ire- land, and the most considerable in the British isles. Its whole course is about 234 miles ; and it washes the shores of no less than ten counties, Leitrim, Roscommon, Long- ford, Westmeath, King's County, Galway, Tipperary, Clare, Limerick, and Kerry. Lough Allen, in Leitrim, supplied by several rivulets, or even Lough Clean, is the 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT, 141 parent water from which the Shannon descends: near Lanesborough it is entered by the royal canal. The Shannon next fills the superb basin of Lough Ree ; below Banagher it is joined by the grand canal, and again expands into the beautiful Lough Derg. It thus separates the provinces of Connaught and Leinster, and serves to promote the commercial relations of the metropolis with all the centre of the kingdom : below Limerick it forms a great expanse, reaching northward to Ennis, while its powerful stream, generally three miles broad, pursues its course for above fifty miles, from Limerick to its em- bouchure betwixt Cape Lean in Clare, and Kerry Head, where it is nearly eight miles broad ; thus forming a superb western harbour. The beautiful islands and interesting antiquities which its waters embrace are regularly described in this volume. Seats on the Banks: (on the Limerick side), Mount Trenckard, Right Hon. Spring Rice, M.P. ; Castletown Demesne, and the fine ruin of Carrig-o-guneel Castle. (On the Clare side), the fine demesnes of Cahvicou, Cooper- hill, Tervac, and Bauratty Castle. Pop. 66,554. Market Days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: Easter Tuesday, July 4, Aug. 4, and Dec. 12. Inns: the Clare; Swinburn's; Molony's; the ?>Iail Coach ; and Glen's. Loughmore, in Limerick, is a village on the read, three miles from the city. Mungri I Abbey is a mile to the right of Loughmore: the Psalter of Cashel records that this abbey had six churches, and 1500 religious; the royal author, M'Culinan, bequeathed to Mungret Abbey, in 908, three ounces of gold, a vest, and his blessing. The ruins are not such as would indicate any considerable monastic edifice. 142 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT- Patrick's Well is a long village and post town, two miles farther on this road. ADAIR, a post town, in Limerick, once of consequence, is now a picturesque village, embellished by the ruins of its interesting edifices. The monasteries were for Fran- ciscan friars, and were founded by the Earls of Kildare, in the reign of Edward I., in 1315, and in 1465. The first, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, has a tower resembling the keep of a castle, but built, like many Irish monastic steeples, over a groined arch ; it is on the south side of Adair. Here also we observe the Augustine friary, having a similar tower and arch, with a fine nave and cloisters. Ivy covers all the monasteries. The river Maig, which has here a bridge of nine arches, is navigable, and adds much to the beauty of Adair : on its bank is seated the ivy-clad castle, once strongly garrisoned by the Earl of Desmond, but reduced in 1641. Two miles beyond this charming spot is the ruin of Grannebrue Castle, and, farther on, of Amigan Castle. Near this is Adair Abbey, the mansion and demesne of the Earl of Dunraven; also Mount Shannon, Earl of Clare ; and Curragh, the beautiful seat of Sir Aubrey De Vere. Pop. 766. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs: Jan. 20, Feb. 20, Mar. 27, April 27, May 27, Sept. 15, Oct. 14, and Dec. 15. RATH KE ALE is a market and post town, on the river Deel, in Limerick. It was once a fortified town, defended by a castle. It has a small church and a Roman Catholic chapel. Two great names, those of Sir Walter Raleigh, and Spencer, secretary to Lord Grey, are connected with the capture of Rathkeale by the troops of Elizabeth ; the generals ordered the massacre of the garrison in cold blood, and to the tender poet devolved the task of palliating this 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. H3 action, by denying that the lives of the sufferers had been secured by a convention. Here also are the ruins of an Augustine abbey ; and in one of its windows is the painted figure of a monk. Two miles beyond the town is Bally - alena Castle. The gentlemen's Seats are numerous. The church of Cluancagh, near this town, was once a part of a monastery founded by St. Maidoc, about 600. The name signifies the Rath in a wood, Pop. 4972. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs: Feb. 7, April 4, June 1 and 19, Aug. 25, Sept. 18, and Nov. 18. Inn: the King's Arms. NEWCASTLE, a post town in Limerick, is seated upon the Deel. Here is a fine park ; the district to the south is romantic, and the road conducts us over mountains. This town forms a square, and amongst its public buildings are some of remarkable beauty; the modern church has a square turret surmounted by a cupola and eight pinnacles ; here are also a Roman Catholic chapel, and a free school. The market house has been converted into barracks. Amongst the antiquities are the remains of the castellated mansion of the Knights Templars, a part of which is modernised. Many of the knights of this chivalric monastery here became the victims of the people, who, being excited against them, slew them by surprise. The ruins of their dwelling stand near the church. Pop. 2908, Fairs : May 3, Aug. 20, and Oct. 1. COOLNAKENNY, in Limerick, is a village, in a mountainous and dreary tract, which extends to Abbey - feale. ABBEYFEALE, a post town in Limerick, is seated on the Feale, which flows into the Cashin river, and joins 144 3. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. the Shannon at its mouth. The celebrated Cistercian abbey at this place was founded in 1188. Half a mile beyond the town is the ruin of Part Castle, For our pre- sent route by Listowel, turn to the right along the north side of the Feale ; six miles and a half from Abbeyfeale on the Feale, is the fine mansion of Woodford. Pop. 607- Fairs: June 29, and Oct. 18. LISTOWELL, a post town in Kerry, is a small but neat town, on the Feale, with a tolerable inn. It possesses the remains of a justly celebrated castle, on the banks of the river. Lis signifies an earthen fort, and Tuathal was a renowned chief, according to the remote traditions of this country. The castle held out for Lord Kerry, with obsti- nacy, but was taken by Wilmot, in 1600, when the garrison were put to the sword. Listowell has a pretty church, with a spire, and a Roman Catholic chapel, both situated in a neat square. Pop. 2289. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs: May 13, July 25, and Oct. 28. ABBEY ODORNEY, in Kerry. At this village are the ruins of the once celebrated abbey, built in 1154, upon the river Brick. Two miles and a half from it is Grotto, a very beautiful mansion of the Ponsonby family. Pop. 338. ARDFERT, a post town, the ancient capital of Kerry, once the seat of a bishop, and a famous university. This see has been held by the bishops of Limerick since 1663. St. Brandon founded the ancient abbey in the sixth cen- tury; a curious sculpture of him, in alto-relievo, still exists in the venerable ruins of the cathedral church, and a still more lasting memorial of him, Mount Brandon, is No. 4. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. U5 beheld across the bay. He was the disciple of St. Ert, the first Bishop of Ardfert and Kerry. The great civil war in 1641 caused the destruction of this magnificent church ; and the round tower, 120 feet high, also fell in 1771. In the church there is a fine monument of one of the bishops. Here are the ruins of a Franciscan abbey, founded in 12-53, by Thomas, Lord Kerry; the cemetery was the burial- place of the celebrated Knights of Kerry. The former abbeys and the ancient city had previously, on several dis- putes, been laid waste with fire. There is a fine inscrip- tion in an ancient, perhaps an unknown character, round an arch of an old ruin, near the mansion and delightful parks of the late Earl of Glandore (Crosby.) Beyond the fine strand of Ballyheigh Bay is the grand promontory called Kerry Head ; about this rocky point are found violet and rose-coloured amethysts, or Kerry stones. This dreary coast is often assaulted by heavy swells and surges of the Atlantic sea, which, in bad weather, seem to thunder within Poulafooca and other large caverns; the mouth of the Shannon is eight miles across to the opposite cliffs of Cape Lean, and the river scene is truly sublime. The old fort at Ballengary is divided by the waves from the land precipice. Ballykeal Castle, Ferrit Island, and the round tower of Battoo, are also objects of interest. Pop. 717. Fairs, March 27, June 8, and July 9. No. 4. From Dublin to ARDFERT. Through Limerick, Askeaton, Shanagolden, and Tarbert. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle, to Miles. Limerick*, as at No. 3 94 Tarbert 124 Askeaton 106h Ballylongford 128 Shanagolden 114 Listowell* 134£ Glynn - 121 Ardfert* - ■ • 1473 146 No. 4. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. ASKEATON, a post town in Limerick. The old road is four miles longer through Adair and Stone Hall, to As- keaton. Near Stone Hall|is a beautiful residence named Holly Park, where the finest holly trees are seen growing amongst rocks. Askeaton is upon the River Deel, and close to the Shannon. Until the Union, this now impo- verished town was a borough ; it possesses many ancient remains. Askeaton Castle is seen on an island ; it was a fortified mansion of the Earl of Desmond. Across the Deel are the magnificent ruins of a Franciscan abbey, the cloisters of which are remarkably beautiful, and are adorned with marble columns. Pop. 1515. Fairs, July 30, and Octo- ber 9. Seats : Ballymoat Court, Sir H. Harstonge. SHANAGOLDEN, a post town in Limerick. To this place the usual road is through Adair and Newbridge : it is a very pretty village of colonists from the Palatinate in Ger- many, whose improvements attracted the praise of the late Arthur Young. Shanagolden is a great thoroughfare ; the neighbouring seats are Abbey and Cappo. Near it is Kill- mulan church, and three miles and a half beyond is the castle and village of LoghilL Pop. 847. Fairs, first Wednesday after Trinity Sunday, and Sept. 4. GLYNN, a post town in Limerick, is a very romantic village, seated near a bay of the Shannon, commanding a noble view of the river. The church, on a neighbouring height, is a very pretty object ; and there are a large Roman Catholic chapel, and a bridewell in the village. The his- tory of its ancient castle, obstinately defended in 1600 by the Knight of the Glynn, against the forces under Sir George Carew, gives a certain degree of interest to this retired spot ; its brave garrison was put to the sword. The handsome residence of Mr. Fitzgerald, the Knight of No. 4. DUBLIN TO ARDFERT. 147 Glynn, with its fine woods, is situated here. Pop. 1030. Fairs: second Wednesday in June, third Wednesday in September, and December 1. TARBERT is a small market and post town in Kerry, well known as possessing the best anchorage in this part of the Shannon. It has a harbour formed by Tarbert point, and from the opposite shore of the river a point also pro- jects, and narrows the stream. Steam vessels proceed every alternate day to Limerick ; the distance is 35 miles, and the fare only 4.9. The church is handsome, and is built upon an eminence. Near it is the public school, and a mile distant is a Roman Catholic chapel. The inns are only tolerable. Seats: Leslie Lodge, Tarmons, and Tarbert House, which commands a grand view of the river, and is the mansion of Sir Edward Leslie, proprietor of this thriving town ; Pyr- mont, a vHla so named from its fine chalybeate spring. The usual excursions from Tarbert are, to see Carrigfoile Castle, built by the O'Connors, in an island; Inis- Scatter y, an island in the Shannon, seven miles from its embouchure ; and the celebrated ruin of Beat Castle, with the inaccessible clifF called the DeviVs Castle. The nearest point to Scat- tery Island is Kilrush, in the County Clare. Pop. 956. Market-day : Thursday. Fairs: Easter Monday, June 22, August 12, and December 11. Inns: the Leslie Arms, and M'Mahon's Hotel. BALLYLONGFORD, a post town in Kerry. This village has a neat church. Half a mile from it is the stately ruin of Lislaghtin Abbey, founded A. d. 1464, for Francis- can friars. From this place, the short road is by Listowell : it divides and conducts to Ardfert on the right, and to Tra- lee on the left. There is also a circuitous route from Bal~ lylongford to Ardfert, by the side of the Shannon, across to 148 No. 6. DUBLIN TO ARMAGH. the village of Ballyheigh, and along the shore of Ballyheigh Bay. Pop. 1300. No. 5. From Dublin to ARKLOW, through Blackrock, Bray and Wicklow. Miles. Dublin to Arklow, as at No. 203 36 No. 6. From Dublin to ARMAGH. First Road. Through Drogheda, Dundalk, and Newtown Ha- milton. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*, as at No. 1 40£ Blackbank - 55 Johnston's Fews 50£ Armagh 621 Newtown Hamilton 53 JOHNSTON'S FEWS is a village in the wild and rug- ged district of the Fews. Seat : Roxburgh House, belonging to the Johnston family. Here also is a barrack. NEWTOWN HAMILTON is a village and post town of Armagh, in which one of the great O'Nials was slain in an encounter with another chieftain. Here is a neat church : near the village are entrenchments, supposed to have been a camp of Cromwell's army. Pop. 1020. Fairs: monthly. BLACKBANK, in Armagh. Here are the remains of a castle ; fortified mansions appear to have been formerly the only safe dwelling in this mountainous neighbourhood. Much of the land is bare and unproductive. ARMAGH is an archiepiscopal see, and a thriving city of the fertile and beautiful county bearing the same name. It stands on the side of a fine hill, at the foot of which the Callan flows, in its passage to the Blaekwater. The envi- No. 6. DUBLIN TO ARMAGH. H9 rtms are pleasing, and well wooded, and the city exhibits many beautiful edifices. The ancient cathedral, on the summit of the eminence, is cruciform, and its tower rises above the intersection of the transept with the nave ; this edifice, rebuilt in 1260, is grand and conspicuous, from its elevated situation, and excites a peculiar interest, from its having been founded by St. Patrick, in the fifth century; from the important character of its history and anti- quities, and from the distinguished conduct of many of its prelates in religious and civil affairs, especially that of the pious dignitary Lord John Beresford, the present archbishop, who, at his sole expense, is almost rebuilding this venerable edifice. It became an arch- bishopric in 1142; its early chronicles, its churches, and the town itself, were destroyed by the Danes ; its history, however, we have not any occasion to narrate in this place, and shall be content to say, that it became early a centre for our northern civilization, and the chief seat of learning and religion. Here also were buried many distinguished princes, Brian Boroimhe, and others. Archbishop Usher, who drew up articles for the Church of Ireland, which were for some time conformed to, and whose learned works confer so much honour on this ancient city, ranks amongst the most celebrated of its archbishops. The Archbishop's palace at A rmagh has long been noticed as a residence of great beauty. The grounds are laid out with much taste, and kept in excellent order ; within the grounds there is an obelisk of marble, 157 feet high : it was erected by Archbishop Robinson, as a means of em- ploying the poor. He also, at his sole expense, erected the palace, built and endowed the observatory, three churches, and a parish school, besides many other extensive improve- ments, munificently bestowed by this excellent prelate. 150 No. 6*. DUBLIN TO ARMAGH. The new church, with a stately spire, the county court house, the college, library, observatory, and the market cross, are objects worthy of particular notice. Amongst the principal buildings are also, the charter school, the gaol, which is commodiously built, the large barrack, and the county infirmary. Armagh likewise possesses several meeting houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, a fever hospital, built and supported by the present archbishop, a savings* bank, and a news room. The town itself is regular and handsomely built, its chief improvements having commenced under the virtuous though eccentric primate Robinson (Lord Rokeby), above mentioned. The Augustine priory of St. Peter and St. Paul was a highly celebrated monastic foundation, and Armagh was famous for the piety and doctrine of its clergy. The primacy was, about the period of the Reformation, granted to Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, in consequence of the resistance of Archbishop Dowdal, of Armagh, to the wishes of the Government in the establishment of the Protestant worship ; since which the metropolitan pre-eminence has been asserted by both prelates, with a slight variation of the title : the Archbishop of Armagh is styled the Primate of all Ireland. Armagh has long been a favoured residence of many gentlemen and eminent persons; its manufacturers also rank high amongst the most spirited of our northern merchants ; it returns a member to Parliament, as one of the borough-towns of the Union. Pop. 9189. Market days : Tuesday for linen, Saturday for corn, &c. Fairs : Monthly. Inns ; Roger's, and Keenan's. 151 No. 7. From Dublin to ARMAGH. Second Road. Through Drogheda, Collon, and Castleblayney. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda*, as at No. 1. 23h Peterborough 453 Collon 29£ Mullaghanee Bridge 49i Ardee 34£ Castleblayney 51 h Mill of Louth 39^ Keady 583 Corcreagh 413 Armagh* 643 COLLON is a post town of Louth. Its Gothic church has a fine spire ; and the adjacent seat of Lord Oriel, whose father was Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, with a shaded demesne near a finely sloped mountain, has for a length of years given celebrity to Collon. That eminent senator greatly improved the town, and established a cotton- stocking manufacture here. The main street is wide, and enclosed by houses built in the old English style. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, and a school on the foundation of Erasmus Smyth. The bridge across the river which flows through the village, and the neat white dwellings, have a cheerful look. From the Hill of Collon, which is skirted by fine plantations, we have a noble prospect of Monasterboice and the vale of Drogheda. On the left hand, the Mourne mountains and a portion of the Bay of Carlingford are within view. The linen manufacture is considerable. Pop. 1153. Fairs: Second Monday in May, June 29, Oct. 20, Nov. 4, and 24. ARDEE is a market and post town in Louth. It was once a walled town, and is seated on the Dee, which falls into the sea below Castle Bellingham. The gaol was formerly an extensive fortress. Peppard was the name of the ancient barons of this place ; they built a strong castle here, and founded the House of Crouched Friars in 1208 ; a Carmelite Friary was also founded by the same family. 152 No. 7. DUBLIN TO ARMAGH. The Scottish army destroyed the church of the Carmelites, when many of the townspeople were sheltered within it. The great mount of Castle Guard is 90 feet in height, the table summit is 140 feet in circumference, and the foot of this fine artificial hill is 600 feet in girth ; it is tastefully planted, and surrounded by a deep trench. The last Prior of Ardee, George Dowdal, acquired the highest popularity with his countrymen, when Archbishop of Armagh ; on his surrender of the friary, its possessions were granted to Sir Garret Moore. Ardee has a handsome stone church, con- taining several monuments of the Ruxton family, a Roman Catholic chapel, a market house, a dispensary, and a free school. Charlestown Church is two miles from Ardee. Ardee gives the title of Baron to the Brabazon family — Earls of Meath. Pop. 3975. Market day : Tuesday. Fairs: First Monday in March, April 10, June 6, July 7, Aug. 20, Oct. 23, and Dec. 17. Inn : the Ruxton's Arms. MILL OF LOUTH is a village built on the Lagan river. Thomastown, Mr. Tennison's, is a seat standing near a small lake. CORCREAGH. Immediately beyond this village we quit the county of Louth. CASTLEBLAYNEY, a post and market town in Mo- naghan, is pleasantly situated, with a handsome church, a neat stone market house, a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses. The castle is the seat of Lord Blayney, in the grounds of which there is a profusion of evergreens, and a lake, with numerous islands. General Lord Blayney served against the insurgents in 1798, and was made prisoner in the Peninsular war. Pop. 1828. Market day : Wednesday. Fairs : First Wednesday of each month. Inns : the King's Arms, and the Blayney Arms. No. 9. DUBLIN TO ARMAGH. 153 KEADY, a post town in the county of Armagh, is built near the river Callen. The bleaching-grounds on the banks of the Callen are numerous, and assist in giving an air of prosperity to this part of the county. There is also a mine of lead ore on the estate belonging to Trinity College, Dublin. Pop. 896. Fairs : Second Friday, monthly. No. 8. From Dublin to ARMAGH. Third Road. Through Dundalk, Newry, and Markethill. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry* as at No. 1. 50£ Armagh* 62J Markethill 60 MARKETHILL is a market and post town of Armagh, on the Keadybeg stream. It has a neat sessions house, and a good inn. Pop. 1043. Market day : Friday. Fairs: monthly. Seat : Gosford Castle, a charming mansion, which, to- gether with Draper's Hill, is a name familiar to the readers of Swift's works ; in this neighbourhood The Fews, a mountainous and retired tract, is worthy the notice of those who seek for picturesque and romantic scenery. No. 9. From Dublin to ARMAGH. Fourth Road. Through Ashbourne, Slane, Carrickmacross, Castleblayney, and Keady. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ashbourne 10 Carrickmacross 40 Slane 22 Castleblayney 49 Drumcourra 31 Armagh 61 ASHBOURNE is a post town of Meath, in a fertile but uninteresting country. Close to it is a single square 154 No. 9. DUBLIN TO ARMAGH. tower, of considerable altitude, and in tolerable repair, beyond which, in the distance, are seen the village of Ratoath, and its rath with a table summit. Pop. 473. Fairs : Jan. 6, April 16, Saturday before Whit-Monday, July 29, and Oct. 31. SLANE is a village and post town of Meath, beautifully situated on the Boyne. Its church has a handsome steeple, built from designs by Mr. Johnston : here are also a Roman Catholic chapel ; and a circus of well-built houses in the centre of the town. Slane Abbey, a fine ruin, half a mile from the town, and the hermitage, are supposed to have been founded by Eiro, a bishop of Slane. In approaching Slane, the tasteful plantations and rich valleys are the more effective, from the contrast between this scenery and the tame country about Ashbourne. Pop. 896. Fairs: April 2, June 2, Sept. 2, and Nov. 8. Seats : Slane Castle, Marquess of Conyngham, proprietor of the town, is a fine mansion built by Lord Slane : its well- w T ooded domains, watered by the Boyne, are justly admired. George IV. visited Slane Castle in 1821. On the banks of the river are extensive flour-mills, and in its course several islets ; one of its banks is skirted by crags. Con- tiguous to the castle is Stackallen, the seat of Viscount Boyne, and two miles and a half distant, is Douth, a hand- some mansion belonging to Viscount Netterville. The battle of the Boyne was fought in the neighbourhood. At New Grange, near Slane, is a noted tumulus, con- taining a curious cave, lined with large slabs, and said to have been a Druidical temple ; by others supposed to be the mausoleum of the chief of a colony of Belgae, in remote times. 155 No. 10. From Dublin to ATHLONE. Through May- NOOTH, KlNNEGAD, and KlLBEGGAN. Miles. Dublin to Athlone* as at No. 98. 59£ No. 11. From Dublin to AUGHNACLOY. Through Armagh, Tynan, and Caledon. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*, as at No. 1. • • • • 40£ Tynan* 682 Armagh*, as at No. 6. 62h Caledon* 70£ Killyleagh 67 Aughnacloy* 76 No. 12. From Dublin to BALBRIGGAN. First Road. Through Balruddery. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Balruddery*, as at No. 1. • • 14£ Balbriggan • 15£ BALBRIGGAN, a post town on the coast of the county of Dublin, having a good pier, and a small harbour. It has a church, and several schools. The cotton manufactures of Balbriggan are considerable ; and some exceedingly fine stockings made here bear a high price. Several castles are in this vicinity : Bremore Castle ruin is half a mile from the town ; and on the coast is Baldungan Castle, destroyed by the Parliamentarian army ; some of the towers, and the ivy-clad walls of the chapels, still remain : here also is an ancient cemetery. Pop. 3016, Fairs: April 29, and Sept. 29. 156 No. 13. From Dublin to BALBRIGGAN. Second Road. Through Rush. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Turvey*, as at No. I. 9 Skerries 17 Lusk ... 11 Balbriggan * 20£ Bush • 13| LUSK, in Dublin, is celebrated for its fine round tower and ancient church, in which are several monuments, and a curious vestige of antiquity, supposed to have been an idol belonging to the Danes. Near it is Whitestown church in ruins. Off the mouth of an inlet of the sea is seen the Island of Lambay, where there are quantities of rabbits and sea- fowl. During the summer this island is much fre- quented by parties of pleasure ; and on Trinity Sunday a great number of persons visit Holy Trinity Spring. Here also are the ruins of an old fort. Pop. 924. Fairs : May 4, July 13, and November 25. RUSH is a fishing-town in Dublin, near a point of the coast. It is noted for curing ling, large quantities of which are exported. A mile farther is Rush House, a good man- sion, and some old ruins. Lough Shinney, between Rush and Skerries, has a pier and a harbour. Pop. 2144. Fairs : May 1, and September 29. SKERRIES is a fishing-village of Dublin, opposite to which are three small rocks, called the Skerries Islands. One of them, named Holm Patrick, is said to have been the residence of St. Patrick. Seat : Sheep Hill. Pop. 2556. Fairs: April 28, and August 10. 157 No. 14. From Dublin to BELLAGHY (in Londonderry), Through Portadown and Magherafelt. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry*, as at No. 1. 50z Stewartstown* 78 Pointz Pass 57 Moneymore* 84| Tanderagee 61£ Magherafelt* 88| Portadown* 65| Castle-Dawson 90S Blackwater-foot 72£ Bellaghy 934: POINTZ PASS, in Armagh, is celebrated for the engagements fought here in the times of anarchy and civil war. It is now the property of Colonel Close who has built the most splendid mansion in the north of Ireland, at his demesne of Drumbanagher, in its neighbourhood. The architectural beauty and elegance of this edifice are universally admired. Pop. 660. Fairs : 1st Saturday, monthly. TANDERAGEE is a good market and post town of Armagh, seated on a high hill, commanding a fine prospect of several fertile valleys. The church is a handsome Gothic edifice, rebuilt in 1812; and close to it is Lord Mande- ville's delightful seat, erected on the site of O'Hallan's Castle. The town also possesses a Roman Catholic chapel and a school house, endowed by Lady Mandeville, and there are two meeting houses at a little distance. Tande- ragee is situated in the centre of the linen manufacture, and the sales here are considerable. The canal from Newry to Lough Neagh passes near the town. Seats : There are several fine seats, but the principal is Mr. Sparrow's. Pop. 1559. Market day : Wednesday. Fairs : First Wed- nesday, monthly. Inn : Hutchinson's. DAWSON-CASTLE, a post town of Londonderry, on the Mayola River, which soon after falls into the north- ' west Bay of Lough Neagh. From this a good road com- 158 No. 15. DUBLIN TO BELLAGHY. municates by the bridge at Toome ferry with the county of Antrim. Pop. 674. Fairs : Jan. 1, Wednesday after Easter Tuesday, June 1, and Aug. 1. BELLAGHY is a small post town of Londonderry, in the midst of mountain scenery of the most romantic de- scription. Here several roads diverge to the neighbouring towns of Antrim and Londonderry. The shore of Lough Beg is sandy ; but in winter the flood greatly exceeds the summer water-mark. Adjacent are some beautiful seats and diversified grounds. Fairs : First Monday of each month. No. 15. From Dublin to BALLAGHY (in Sligo). Through Athlone and Roscommon. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athlone*, as at No. 97, 59h Loughglin 93 Ballymurry 69| Kilkelly 101 Roscommon 743 Ballaghy 105$ Castlerea 88* BALLYMURRY, a village in Roscommon, surrounded by some good country houses. Fairs : May 10, Aug. 15 Oct. 22, and Dec. 16. ROSCOMMON is a market and post town, as well as the county and assize town of Roscommon. Its antiquities are worthy of inspection. An abbey for canons regular was founded here in the sixth century ; it was plundered in 1134, and Roscommon was burnt in 1360. The friary of Dominicans was a stately edifice, founded in 1253 by Cathal O'Connor, king of Connaught, whose tomb of Irish marble may be seen in the aisle of these ruins ; it exhibits some interesting sculptures. The castle is a noble ruin, built in 1268 : this fortress was besieged in 1641. Ros» No. 16\ DUBLIN TO BALLYGLARE. 159 common was a borough returning members to tbe Irish Parliament The chief public buildings are, the church, the Roman Catholic chapel, the court house, erected in 3 826; the county infirmary; the gaol, built in 1819 ; and the lunatic asylum. Pop. 3306. Market day : Saturday, chiefly corn. Fairs : Whit-Monday, and Dec. 5. Inns : Flynn's, and Mulranan's. Seats : Moate Parky Lord Crofton, two miles distant ; Clover Hill ; Donamon Castle, a venerable castellated mansion, having small turrets above each corner of the edifice ; the entrance is by a lofty flight of steps ascending the exterior wall : this curious residence is seated on the banks of the river Suck. Clonthuskart Abbey is a small ruin, situated seven miles north-east from Roscommon. LOUGHGLIN, in Roscommon. Here is Loughglin Castle, the mansion of Viscount Dillon, seen across the waters of Lough-Glin. Pop. 254. Fairs : May 25, July 29, Sept. 12, and Oct. 14. KILKELLY is a village of Roscommon. Near it is a glen of remarkable beauty, through which flows a romantic meandering stream, amidst slopes of ash trees, thorn, and hollies. The echo in the heart of this glen repeats seven times. No. 16. From Dublin to BALLYCLARE. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridgc*, as at No. 1. 60J Carnmoney * 85| Belfast*, as at No. 30. 80 Ballvclare 90 BALLYCLARE is a beautiful village and post town of Antrim, having a market, and an ancient church and bridge over the Glenwhirry river. Here is a good hunting lodge and park of the Marquess of Donegal ; the village 160 No. 17. DUBLIN TO BALLIMORE. of Ballynure is distant two miles, and Doagh at a like distance. A new road from Belfast sweeps round the foot of Cam- money Hill by the sea-shore, and ascends the broad vale between that mountain and Agnew's Hill above Larne. This road is, however, two miles farther than the steep ascent of Carnmoney through the village. From Colin Mountain, a mile above Ballyclare, on which is the hamlet of Tildarg, with some good bleach-greens, there is a very grand prospect of the Cave Hill near Bel- fast, the Lough, and the Down coast : few landscapes can exceed this superb view. From the summit of Colin, the eye ranges along the beautiful vale of Glenwhirry, the sides of which are cultivated, and afford green pasturage of excellent quality : on the farther slope is the great isolated rock of Slievemish, and along the valley flows a small stream. Pop. 133. Fairs: Last Tuesday in January, third Tuesday in May, July, August, and October, and last Tues- day in November. No. 17. From Dublin to BALLIMORE. Through Maynooth, Kinnegad, and Mullingar. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad* as at No 98. • • • • 29h Baltimore 50£ Mullingar* 384: BALLIMORE is a post town in the county of West- meath, pleasantly situated to the west of Lough Scudy. There is a well-built Roman Catholic chapel in the town, and a neat church. .The fort of Ballimore, on the side of the lake, was separated by moats and intrenchments from the shore, and was an important post. Pop. 663. Fairs : Whit- Monday, and October 14. Inn : Doyle's. 161 No. 18. From Dublin to BALLINAHINCH. Through Newry, Castlewellan, and Seaford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry*, as at No. 1, 50£ Clough* 6.9 Rathfriland* 57h Seaford 70 Castlewcllan 65 Ballinaliinch 75| SEAFORD is a village in the county of Down. Near it is the charming mansion of the Forde family, named Castle Nava?i. Fairs : March 7, June 9, Sept. 4, and Dec. 6. BALLINAHINCH is a market and post town of Down, situated at the junction of four roads, which meet near the market house. It has a well-built church, a handsome Roman Catholic chapel, two meeting houses, and a good charter school. The action gained here, June 13, 1798, against the insurgents of the north, was gallantly contested, and the town was burnt : the royal forces were commanded by General Nugent. The noble mansion of the Rawdon family, Montalto, is now the property of David Kerr, Esq., of Portavo. The hills surrounding Ballinahinch are craggy and rugged, but well ornamented, and tolerably cultivated. In the road which conducts to Castlewellan, and at the foot o£Slieve Croob Mountain, about two miles from Ballinahinch, is a chalybeate sulphureous spa. On the summit of Slieve Croob Mountain is a cairn 240 feet in circumference at the base, and 150 at the top ; and at Annadorn, in the immediate vicinity, is another with a rude stone chamber in the centre. Beyond the spa is a charming lake : to the south of which is Dunmore village and church, distant two miles from Ballinahinch. Pop. 970. Market day : Thursday. Fairs : First Thurs- day in January, March, April, and Oct. ; Feb. 12, May 12, p 3 162 No. 20. DUBLIN TO BALLINROBE. July 10, first Thursday in August and Nov. O. S. Inn : Ruddock's. No. 19. From Dublin to BALLINAKILL. Through Naas, Kilcullen Bridge, and Athy. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Rathcoole* 71 Athy* 32J Johnstown* 13J Timohoe 41£ Naas* 15i Ballinakill • • • • 47J Kilcullen* 21 TIMOHOE is a village of Queen's County, in which there are some very interesting ruins of a castle dilapidated during the civil wars. The round tower and the ancient church are entitled to notice. Fairs : April 5, July 2, and Oct. 18. BALLINAKILL is a market and post town in Queen's county. It has a handsome church and steeple, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The castle is an interesting old fortress : after repeated sieges, it was stormed by the forces of Cromwell. This was a borough town sending repre- sentatives to the Irish Parliament. It is the property of the Stanhope family. Pop. 1927. Market-day : Saturday. Fairs : Monthly. Seat : Mr. Trench's mansion, Hey wood, is generally admired. No. 20. From Dublin to BALLINROBE. First Road. Through Maynooth, Athlone, and Tuam. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athlone*, as at No. 98. • • • • 59| Kilmain 104£ Tuam*, as at No. 124. ...... 93 Ballinrobe • 1081 No. 20. DUBLIN to BALLINROBE. 163 KILMAIN is a village of Mayo. Near it are some church and other ruins, as well as a fine mansion of Lord Kihnain's. Fairs : July 12, and Oct. 28. On the left hand of the Ballinrobe road is the Neale, a village with the seat of the Browne family. A few miles south-west of the Neale in a narrow tract between Lough Mask and the great expanse of Lough Corrib, is the village of Cong and the mansion of the Macnamara family, together with the remains of an abbey. Nearly in the centre of Lough Corrib is the island of Incheguile, which contains a monastery, the property of Sir Richard O'Donel, Bart. Here also is the Pigeon Hole, a subterraneous cavern of some length, traversed by a pellucid stream abounding with trout, which may be seen darting from side to side, and are only taken by landing-nets. The Pigeon Hole is entered by a descent of sixty-three steps. In this water is a weir for eels. A stream issues from a sloping bank near Cong, and flows rapidly to Lough Corrib, one mile distant. Cong was once an important place, and its abbey was celebrated. BALLINROBE is a large market and post town at the south extremity of the county of Mayo. It is built on the banks of the Robe, which flows westward, and empties itself into Lough Mask. The castle, formerly the residence of Lord Tyrawley, is converted into barracks for the cavalry. There are barracks also at this town for two companies of infantry. The abbey is a venerable Gothic ruin ; and near it is the school house. There is a market, and court house, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a brewery. The town is improving rapidly, and has a good inn. A mile eastward from Ballinrobe is situated Lough Shy, a mile in length, and only a quarter of a mile wide. The Robe is a stream which passes through the town of Ballin- 164 No. 21. DUBLIN TO BALLINROBE. robe; the Moyne to the south separates Mayo from the county of Galway, and on the east, Mayo is in some places bounded by the Gara River. Pop. 2604. Market-day : Monday. Fairs : Whit-Mon- day, and Dec. 5. Inns : The Tyrawley Hotel. Baltintobec Abbey is seen on the road to Castlebar. It is of a grand style of Gothic architecture, and the rafters were of massive hewn stone — a mode of roofing which, by its weight, sometimes hastens the decay of the edifice. No. 21. From Dublin to BALLINROBE. Second Road. Through Ballynamore, Kilkerrin, and HOLLYMOUNT. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athlone*, as at No. 98. 59h Dumacreen 96 Ballynamore*, as at No. 134. 74& Ballindangin 99| Kilkerrin 83h Hollymount* 107J Dunmore 91$ Ballinrobe* 112 KILKERRIN is a neat village of Galway. Within a mile, on the Ballynamore road, is an ancient castle ruin. DUNMORE is an ancient village and post town of Galway. On the site of the original church built by St. Patrick, an abbey was founded in 1425 by the De Birming- hams, Lords of Athenry. The parochial church is a portion of this abbey which belonged to the Augustines. At Dun- more is the elegant residence of the Earl of Ross ; whose title is derived from a barony of the county of Galway. Hence a road leads to the village of Ballindine. Pop. 847. Fairs: May 29, July 9, Oct. 10, and Dec. 11. BALLINDANGIN is a village in the county of Mayo, which the road enters shortly after leaving Dunmore. One mile and a half farther is seen the stately mansion of Castle No. 23. DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. 165 M* Garrett: in this demesne there is some good timber. On the river side, one mile to the left, are the ruins of an ancient castle. Fairs : May 28, July 22, Oct. 11, and Dec. 7. HOLLYMOUNT. Here the present route crosses the high road from Tuam to Castlebar. For Hollymount, see No. 124. No. 22. From Dublin to BALLYBOFEY. Through Ballyshannon, Ballintra, and Townavilly. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ballyshannon* as at No. 80. 101 i Townavilly 114$ Ballintra* 105f Ballybofey* 1233 TOWNAVILLY is a village of Donegal. Within one mile and a half of Townavilly on the left is Lough Esk, a considerable lake surrounded by mountains, on which there are red deer. In the lake is the Char, a delicate fish caught by nets. Four miles beyond Townavilly is Lough Mourn, one mile and a half in length, and half a mile broad, near the road which conducts the traveller across the Barnsmore mountains to Ballybofey. No. 23. From Dublin to BALLYCASTLE. First Road. Through Drogheda, Banbridge, Ballymena, and Armoy. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge* as at No. 1. • • 60h Ballymena 93h Lurgan* 67h Clough 99i Glcnavy 77 Loughgeell 105 Antrim* 84 Armoy 109 Kells 891 Ballycastle 113A GLENAVY is a village and post town of Antrim, with a handsome church and spire, and school house. There is 166 No. 23. DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. another road near the shore of Lough Neagh, which, branching off at Lurgan, passes through Ballinderry and Crumlin, to Antrim, being about the same distance as by Glenavy. See No. 2. Fairs : May 14, Oct. 29. KELLS is a village of Antrim, situated on the Kells Water, over which it has a large bridge. Adjoining the bridge is a small moat, with an acclivity from the river; and a fine valley sweeps round to the Colin Hills. Several bleach-greens are seen at or near Kells. Here are also the ruins of an abbey, with a cemetery for the Catholics; this is named Templemoyle, and perhaps formed part of the ecclesiastical edifices appertaining to the see of Connor. Pop. 220. Fairs : January 8, first Monday in March, June 10, and Sept. 14. BALLYMENA is a market and post town in Antrim, built on both sides of a branch of the Main, which directs its rapid course through a rich vale to Lough Neagh. Near the bridge is the pretty bleach hill of Mr. Geoghegan. The road passes by the moat of Ballykeel, beautifully planted, and by Bellee Hill, where the royal forces en- camped in 1798. The market house has a small tower; the market is attended by the people of all the neighbouring country, for the sale of linen webs, pork, butter, &c. Here is a respectable inn (Courtney's) in the High Street, which is a hill ascending to the north ; on its summit is the church, which has a neat steeple; here also is a school house, a meeting house, two Presbyterian chapels, and an episcopal church and free school. Close to the town is a handsome mansion, and in Harryville, across the bridge, are some good houses inhabited by opulent persons. Two miles east of the town, on Crebilly Hill, is a Roman Catholic chapel, built by the Rev. John Fitzsimmons. Here is the mansion of the late John Hamilton O'Hara, No. 23. DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. 167 Esq., father of the author of this volume, surrounded by extensive plantations. One mile and a half from Ballymena is Grace Hill, a thriving settlement of Moravians, founded in 1746. Pop. 4063. Market-days : Saturday for linen, Tuesday for pork, and Wednesday for corn. Fairs : July 26, and Oct. 21. Inns : Courtney's; and Brangin's. CLOUGH is a village of Antrim, conspicuously seated on a hill. It has a large church and chapel, and on the summit of the hill are the ruins of a small castle. At a short distance beyond the town are vestiges of another castle. The neigbouring mountains are craggy and ro- mantic. Pop. 121. Fairs : Second Monday in Feb. and Nov., Easter Monday, May 27, Aug. 5, and Dec. 10. LOUGHGULE is an interesting village, in a romantic district of Antrim. The church is situated near a lough, bounded on one side by rich plantations, and on the other by an extensive red moss. In the centre of the lough is a wooded islet, and on a rocky height above it is seen an old castle of the O'Hara's, the elegant retirement of Earl Macartney, who here passed many of his latter years in seclusion, and made many important improvements. The Corky Hills are high and rugged, and a rich tract, diversified by villas and ornamental demesnes, extends from this place to Dervock. Lissanoure Castle, late the Earl of Macart- ney's, is now the residence of J. Hume Macartney, Esq.: it is held of the possessors of the Crebilly estate. Fairs: Feb. 19, Aug. 19, and Nov. 19. ARMOY, a secluded village of Antrim, is seated on the steep banks of the beautiful river Bush. Near the church, surrounded by trees, is the lower half of a small round tower. The village inn occupies a picturesque site near the bridge. Near this place are the ruins of an ancient castle, and some 168 No. 23. DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. rich and varied landscapes of glen and mountain, watered by the meandering river, which sometimes swells to an impetuous torrent. Pop. 129. Fairs : Last Monday in January and March, Feb. 25, May 25, third Monday in August, Nov. 12, and Dec. 26. BALLYCASTLE is a sea-port and post town of Antrim, much celebrated for its beauty and the sublimity of the surrounding scenery. It is approached by a path clothed with luxuriant woods, in the descent from the mountainous district which skirts this extremity of the wide valley of the river Bush. The entrance to the town is formed by a new street of neat dwellings with slated roofs, which are now superseding thatch in all the northern towns. The church is finely situated fronting the main street, and by the side of the crumbling walls of the ancient abbey ; it was built by Mr. Boyd, who was there buried the very day it was first opened for public service : it is surrounded by trees. Here are also two meeting houses, and a Roman Catholic chapel. Close to the harbour is a long bridge across the mouth of the river, which is formed by the Carey and Ramoan streams descending from the ravines and bleak glens of the mountain. An avenue of tall trees, a quarter of a mile in length, con- ducts from the church to the port, where there are some handsome houses belonging to the chief inhabitants, and barracks, formerly the custom house. The pier, which was erected at an immense expense, to defend the harbour from the north-west winds, has been swept away by the waves ; and the port is choked with sand. Mr. Boyd obtained 30,000/. from the Irish Parliament for the promotion of this and other speculations in which he was engaged in the neigh- bourhood, such as mining and glass works ; they were, however, attended with little success. The deserted and dilapidated glass house is still perceptible near the bridge. No. 23. DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. 169 On the beach are several upright bold rocks. A large quantity of kelp is collected here, and burnt on the shore. The coast road sweeps round the rugged foot of the moun- tains through Cushendall to Glenarm, in the south-east, and the shore is rocky and dangerous. This road, now in progress, will be a chef d'ceuvre of road engineering, exhibiting the most picturesque coast in Ireland. This delightful town is seated in the centre of an amphitheatre of hills, surmounted by the round and beautiful summit of Knock Lade, described in another place. The collieries of Ballycastle, which have been worked for centuries, occupy the hills along the coast of the bay for about a mile, but none of the pits are now worked. Of the neighbouring antiquities and natural curiosities, we shall speak more fully in their proper places. Close to the town are some castle ruins, raths, and the Abbey of Bonamargey, as well as two mineral springs. Pop. 1683. A market is held every three weeks, on Tuesday, for yarns and provisions. Fairs : Jan. 1, Shrove Tuesday, Easter Tuesday, last Tuesday in May, August, Oct., and Nov., and July 26. Inns : Fullerton's ; and another, with respectable accommodation. Four miles from Ballycastle is the magnificent promon- tory of Fair Head, or Benmore, overlooking the raging sea that divides it from Raghlin Island. In order to reach it, the tourist must proceed along the shore from the quay for about a mile, and then ascend the hill containing the collieries, whence Fair Head is constantly in view. This pathway commands a fine view of Raghlin Island, and even the isles of Scotland. This majestic promontory, the highest point of which rises 535 feet above the level of the sea, is composed of basaltic stones, and may be divided into two portions, the 170 No. 24. DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. base being an inclined plane strewed with immense masses in the wildest confusion, and washed by the foaming ocean ; and the superstructure, consisting of perpendicular columns 250 feet in height ; the whole exhibiting one of the most extraordinary scenes that imagination can conceive. Amongst the objects pointed out as curiosities on Fair Head, is the Fhirleath or Grey Man's Path, a chasm 200 feet in depth ; dividing the promontory in two. There are several places also where the tourist may, without danger, look down precipices of more than 240 feet. Near the summit is a curious cave called the Pict's House, and not far from it are two lakes, named Lough Caolin and Lough- na-Cresa. There is a village of about 250 houses, which throve for a moment through Mr. Boyd's speculations. It has fallen into decay. No. 24. From Dublin to BALLYCASTLE. Second Road. Through Drogheda, Belfast, and Kells. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge*, asatNo. 1..... 60£ Ballymena* 101 Belfast*, as at No. 30. •••• 80 Clough 107 Carnmoney 85£ Clough Mills 109 Doagh 90 Stranockum 116 Connor 96| Ballycastle* 124 Kells*-. m CARNMONEY, in Antrim, is seated on the top of a remarkable mountain, forming a ridge between the Cave Hill near Belfast, and Agnew's Hill above Lame ; all three terminating in beautiful slopes to the sea shore. The valley towards Belfast is principally interesting for its lime- kilns, the quarries being on the Cave Hill. Here the mail-coach road ascends gradually. On the Larne side the broader valley is intersected by a sweeping level route, No. 24. DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. 171 recently completed, which, although two miles in its circuit towards Bally dare, is surrounded by such verdant scenery as affords the traveller the highest delight. Pass Mr. Grimshaw's great factory with a beautiful reservoir to turn the water-wheel. In the ascent to Carnmoney the straggling village of white cottages is seen scattered over the hill top, and the diminutive church is conspicuous from every quarter. After passing the avenues of trees beyond Carnmoney church, the road traverses a rough and less interesting country. Pop. 247. Fairs : Second Tuesday in May, and third Tuesday in November. DOAGH is a village of Antrim, placed amidst gently swelling and verdant hills. The new road through Doagh is level, and its scenery resembles that of the beautiful new road on the banks of the Wye, between Bakewell and Matlock, in England. At Doagh the meeting and dinners of the Antrim Hunt are held. Here is a respectable inn. Pop. 195. CONNOR, in Antrim, was formerly a place of import- ance, but is now a village of small cottages. The see of Connor is united with the bishopric of Down. In the cemetery of the cathedral, of which there still exists an appearance of the foundation -wall, is a white church, with a square steeple, environed by trees. The Kells Water flows beneath the small eminence on which the church is built, and has several old bridges across it : the water is a strong chalybeate. Near this stream is the foundation of a tower, nine feet in height, and apparently repaired in late times : it is supposed to have been a residence of King Fergus and other princes of former days. The monastic ruins of Kells, and the foundations traceable throughout this vicinity, belonged to edifices inhabited not many cen- turies back, coin3 of the Edwards having been found here, 172 No. 25. DUBLIN TO BALLYMENA. The village is at the foot of a great hill, and the slope of Cairnanie, ascending in the direction of Templepatrick, although arduous, will compensate for the labour of an excursion. From this summit the eye ranges through a wide surrounding vale of great fertility, adorned with excellent houses, rapid torrents, long rows of ash trees and pines extending to the shore of Lough Neagh, which glitters like a sea in the distance ; the round towers of Ram Island and Antrim are also distinguished. In this mountain range are the scenes of some pathetic poems of Ossian ; and the tumuli on the south side of the mountain point out the field of traditionary combats. To the right of Parkgate, there is an elevated moat, above the village of Donegore. Pop. 289. Fairs : Feb. 1, May 1, August 2, and Oct. 28. CLOUGH MILLS, a village two miles from Clough [described in No. 205] : it is seated upon a rapid stream called the Clough Water. STRANOCUM is a beautiful village of Antrim, seated on the river Bush. Close to this is Bushbank, the residence of the late James Hamilton, Esq., and now of Mr. Biggs : the grounds are truly agreeable. Pop. 132. Fairs : April 20, and Dec. 29. No. 25. From Dublin to BALLYMENA. Through Belfast, Templepatrick, and Kells. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge*, as at No. 1. .. 60i Parkgate 88 Belfast*, as at No. 30. • • • • 80 Connor* 96| Lisle 85 Kells* 97* Templepatrick •• 87 Ballymena* 101 LISLE is a mountain hamlet of Antrim. Here is a large round hill, supposed to be artificial. Lisle Hill is No. 26. DUBLIN TO BALLYMOTE. 173 surrounded by stupendous mountains, but is conspicuous from every part of the wide and fertile intervening valleys. Here is a meeting house and two small inns. TEMPLEPATRICK is an extremely neat village of Antrim. Here is Castle Upton, the beautiful mansion of Viscount Templetown, with a demesne furnished with fine timber. The entrance to it is formed by an avenue of elms, leading from the castle-gate at a bend of two roads meeting in the village. The building is whitewashed, and the round turrets are covered by conical roofs. The rents are high in this beautiful valley; but the agriculture is excellent, and the produce corresponds to the industry exerted. Here are two bridges over a river well stocked with trout and perch. Pop. 314. Fairs : First Tuesday in May, July 10, and last Tuesday in October. PARKGATE is a village of Antrim, built on the rise of the Cairnanie hills. It has a tolerable inn. To the left hand a road conducts to Donegore Moat and Antrim. Pop. 162. Fairs: Feb. 7, May 7, Aug. 7, and Nov. 4. No. 26. From Dublin to BALLYMOTE. Through Longford, Jamestown, and Boyle. Dublin Caslte to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad* as at No. 98. • ■ 20h Boyle* 84£ Carrick-on-Shannon*, as at Ballinafad* 873 No. 185. 77 Ballymot-e i)G Ardkarna Church 813 BALLYMOTE is an ancient market and post town in the county of Sligo, situated between Lough Arrow and the river Owenmore. Ballymote Castle, a square building of 1 50 feet, and 60 feet in height, is supposed to have been con- structed a. d. 1300, by De Burgh, Earl of Ulster. During Q 3 174 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. the civil wars it was captured by Ireton : it is still a con- siderable ruin. Here also stood a house of Franciscans, of which the few remaining walls and the east window are worthy of notice : it forms a cemetery ; and a portion now repaired is the Roman Catholic chapel. Distant one mile from town, is the church of Emlafad, having a beautiful spire : the rector resides at Newbrook. The sessions are held in Ballymote court-house four times in the year. Pop. 875. Market day : Friday. Fairs : Last Monday in January, May 11, second Monday in June, Sept. 3, third Monday in Nov., and Dec. 21. Inns: Farquhar's, and Finn's. Seat : Earlsfield, Major Bridgeham. No. 27. From Dublin to BALTIMORE. Through Carlow, Kilkenny, Clonmel, and Cork. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Rathcoole 71 Clonmel 81| Johnstown* 13£ Ardfinkane 8iih Naas 15£ Clogheen 93£ Kilcullen 22 Kilworth 106 Ballytore 29£ Fermoy 103 Castledermot 33| Rathcormack 112 Carlow 39 Cork 126 Leighlin Bridge 45 Bandon 137^ Kilkenny 57i Cloghnakilty 145 Callan 65$ Skibbereen I60h Nine-Mile-House 70S Baltimore ■ 166| KILCULLEN, a market and post town of Kildare, is seated upon the river Liffey, on the hills north of which General Dundas defeated the insurgents in 1798. The ancient church to the left of the bridge, is that of New Abbey, built in 1460 by Sir Rowland Eustace; his fine tomb in the abbey church was destroyed in 1784, when the No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 175 Catholic chapel at this place was built. This was the site of a monastery which dated from the introduction of Christianity, and was first governed by St. Hernin, a bishop of the fifth century. A lease of the abbey and its lands was granted in 1582 to Spenser. In 1764 the steeple of New Abbey fell. These ruins give name to the modern mansion of New Abbey. An old castle is also super- seded by its neighbouring seat called Castle- Martin. Kilcullen has a neat church, built in 1815, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and a fever hospital. Pop. 699. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : February 2, March 25, June 11 and 22, Sept. 8, Oct. 2, and Dec. 8. Nearly three miles beyond the bridge is Old Kilcullen : a town once fortified with a wall and seven gates, only one of which, with a handsome arch, is standing. Here also are the ruins of an abbey, with several antique vestiges : the shaft of a cross in a single block, 10 feet high ; the pedestal of a second cross ; and an ancient round tower, now half its original height. Three miles beyond this deserted town is the ruin of Black Hall Castle. Seats: Giltown, Sir E. Burrows, Bart; Castle Fish; Ballyfax ; Calverstown, near which a tomb was opened, containing a sitting skeleton, with an earthen urn or bowl, as if for provisions ; this is supposed to have been a Danish chieftain. Ballyshannon, Sir J. Palmer, Bart. Harristown. SaUymount, the demesne of the Cramer family. Castle Martin, which was occupied in 1798 as a barrack. BALLYTORE, a market and post town in Kildare, possessing the unusual accompaniment of orchards and gardens. Quakers settled this rural site on the banks of the river Griss, and, as in other Quakers' and Moravian settlements in this kingdom, they studied the neat improve- ments of hedge-row avenues, rising out of well-trimmed 176 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. quickset fences, and surrounded their comfortable cottages with fruits and flowers. Here the eloquent Edmund Burke acquired the rudiments of learning ; and Mary Lead- better was a native and resident of this town. Timolin church is on a height to the left ; but the village is now fallen into decay. The ruins of Moone Abbey adjoin to Moone, a seat on the opposite bank of the Griss. Pop. 228. Market day : Monday. Fairs : March 10, Aug. 15, and Nov. 30. Seats: the Earl of Aldborouglrs house and demesne, Belan, is two miles farther. The castle of Belan was destroyed by Cromwell. In the old mansion afterwards built, James II. and King William successively slept; their bed is preserved. The present house was built in 1743: it contains a chapel, a theatre, and a green-house. Near it is a lake, as well as a spacious inn. There are six avenues, a mile in length, with porters' lodges at the ter- minations. CASTLEDERMOT, a post town in Kildare, formerly Tristle Dermot, or Disart Diarmuda, derived its name from St. Diermit, who founded the priory here in 500. The Dermots, kings of Leinster, had their residence in this ancient town, which was once strongly fortified. The castle is now a ruin. There are some interesting antiquities ; an ivy-clad round tower, employed as a belfry to the parish church ; two crosses, on which are inscribed some ancient characters, and three small pillars. Parliaments were holden here in the 14th and 15th centuries; the house of assembly became the chief inn of the town. There was once a mint at this place, which is now, however, a town of little importance. Castledermot is situated on the river Lane ; two miles farther we enter the county of Carlovv. No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 177 Pop. 1385. Fairs : Feb. 24, first Tuesday after Easter Tuesday, May 24, August 4, Sept. 29, and Dec. 19. Seats : Kilkea Castle, two miles before our arrival at Castledermot, we leave tbis ancient fortress on the right : it was formerly of great strength. It is a modernized residence, and from its walls is enjoyed the view of a rich landscape across the Griss river. Burton Hall is close to a stream which separates Kildare from Carlow : the park contains 200 acres, and the beautiful avenue extends a mile in length ; the gardens are adorned with statues. CARLOW is an assize, market, borough, and post town, and gives name to the county. It is seated on the navigable river Barrow, which affords an easy conveyance for Kil- kenny coal to various parts of the vicinity. The Barrow rises in the Slieve Bloom mountains in Queen's county, and Carlow is much increased in prosperity and commercial importance by it : passing this town it continues its winding and placid course to the Nore, near New Ross. Communication with Dublin is also greatly facilitated by the grand canal. The county town is governed by a sove- reign: it has a very cheerful aspect; all the way to Cas- tledermot or to Leighlin Bridge we remark the pleasant villas and white-fronted farm- houses of the spirited culti- vators, who are rapidly improving the agriculture of this district. The prospects south of Carlow are picturesque and diversified ; the valley is of great width, but is bounded on each side by mountains and woodlands. The Black- stairs Hills are more rugged and less shaded by forest than the other mountains, which are occasionally planted nearly to the summit. The coarse woollens of the Carlow manu- factures occasion some activity and attention to commerce, for which the town has natural advantages. It has an 178 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. extensive corn and butter trade, which is mostly sent to Waterford for exportation ; the butter is of the finest quality, and is much esteemed in the London market : about thirty thousand casks are exported annually. Carlow has a new court house, a barrack for cavalry, a handsome new Roman Catholic cathedral, and an extensive Roman Catholic college, which is situated in the centre of the town, but is secluded by high walls which surround it ; the park is spacious, and well planted. This college has attained celebrity from its connection with the late Dr. Doyle. The dilapidated castle, so long a prominent feature of this town, on a late attempt to render it habitable, fell suddenly to the ground, and but little is left of it. The site was a height commanding the channel of the Barrow, and overlooks the town on the west side, close to Wellington Bridge, which crosses the Barrow here, and unites the county of Carlow with Queen's county ; whence its ancient name of Catherlough, the castle of the Lough ; it was as* important bulwark of the old English Pale. Catherlough was built by King John when commanding in Ireland ; the historical anecdotes of its numerous sieges are inte- resting. It surrendered to General Ireton in 1650. In the last insurrection Carlow was attempted to be surprised before day-break ; a vigorous defence was made, and nearly 500 of the insurgents fell in the action. The church is ancient Carlow also possesses meeting houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, a nunnery with a handsome chapel adjoining, a modern church with a steeple, an infirmary dispensary, a fever hospital, a new gaol, a military hospital, magdalen and lunatic asylums, an assembly room, and a news room. This borough returns one member to Parliament. Pop. 9111'. Market days : Monday and Thursday. Fairs, i No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 170 May 4, June 22, Aug. 26, and Nov. 8. Inns : The King's Arms; Wheatsheaf; the Yellow Lion ; Mail Coach Hotel, and Club House. Seats: Bcllmont ; Springlull; Oak Park. — Staples town, a splendid mansion on the Burrin stream. Browne Hill, one mile distant. Viewmount, near Browne Hill. Borris Castle, 12 miles south of Carlow, is the seat of the Kavan- nagh family, and is the noblest mansion in the county of Carlow. It was built from designs by Messrs. Morrisons, and is a fine imitation of the style of architecture prevalent in the 16th century. LEIGHLIN BRIDGE is a market and post town in the county of Carlow, on the banks of the Barrow, over which is a bridge of nine arches. There is a considerable trade in corn and butter. One of the old ruins is a monastery of White Friars, founded by one of the family of Carew. The towers and battlements of the Black Castle, which extend along the Barrow, having a very imposing ap- pearance : this was a strong hold of the powerful De Lacys. Leighlin has a church situated on the west bank of the river, and two Roman Catholic chapels. The churchyard commands a fine view. Bally Ellen, Fenough, Ballylaghan, Garryhaddon, Bally- worn, and Clonmore, are all of them ancient castles in this district, but at considerable distances ; they evince the warlike posture of the ancient lords. A still more important place is the city of Old Leighlin, now consisting of only a few dwellings in a valley of the neighbouring mountain ; its celebrated church was founded in 632 : thus the bishop's see is of early date ; the cathedral church was burnt by lightning in 1060. There is at present a small cathedral, so called, in tolerable repair ; although the abbey of Old Leighlin, to which it is attached, is a ruin. This monastery 180 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. was founded by St. Gobhan, and acquired a character of sanctity in early times; its legendary history is curious. Near this is the Well of St. Lafarien, much celebrated amongst the country people, with a cross near its brink. Leighlin was incorporated with the see of Ferns in 1600. Pop. 2035. Market days : Monday and Saturday. Fairs : Easter Monday, May 14, and Sept. 25. Inn : the Swan. Seats: Fonthill ; Killenane. Also Clogrennan Lodge, of which the sweetly-wooded uplands render it a charming demesne ; inspect this seat before you arrive at Leighlin Bridge. Royal Oak, between Leighlin Bridge and Kilkenny, is the name of a pleasant village, with an excellent inn. There are extensive flour mills in this neighbourhood. KILKENNY, a city, assize, and market town, in the county of the same name, is esteemed to be the pleasantest town in Ireland ; its handsome bridges of hewn stone stretch across the river Nore. The city is governed by a mayor, recorder, and sheriffs. The town is built on two hills, from which the obsolete distinction of the Irish and the English town. Kilkenny College was endowed in 1682 by the Duke of Ormond, but the date of the present edifice is 1784. Many learned men have been educated here, among whom we may mention Swift, Congreve, and Berkley ; the number of students is 70. There is also a free school for 60 boys. The female asylum is for 20 poor householders, allowed ten pounds a year each. In the Irish town, or St. Canice, is the Gothic cathedral, com- menced in 1202, and completed in 1252. It is 226 feet in length, and is in the form of a cross. Columns of black marble separate the nave from the side aisles, and in the centre, where the nave and transept join, is a fine arch. The tomb of Nicholas Smyth, bishop of Ossory, murdered No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 181 by James Dallard, is of a single block of marble. The choir is beautiful, and the interior tastefully decorated. The stone chair of St. Kieran is worthy of notice. The round tower on the south side is in good preservation, and there is an extensive view from the terrace in the churchyard. The palace of the bishop is a commodious and elegant resi- dence ; it has a communication by a covered gallery with the cathedral. There are also two parish churches, St. John's in St. John's Street, modernized in 1817, having formerly belonged to the abbey of St. John ; and St. Mary's in High Street, with a steeple, besides several Roman Catholic chapels and meeting houses. The court house is a handsome edifice, erected by Mr. Robertson on the site of an old building called Grace's Castle. Near the Tholsel, which is a good building, with a lofty steeple, there was formerly a handsome Gothic cross, similar to that of Coventry. Kilkenny possesses all the public buildings appropriate to a city; and of its forti- fications there are still to be seen part of the walls, and the gates. The market place is spacious, and there are infantry barracks, the city gaol, the county gaol, a fever hospital, a house of correction, and a mendicity asylum. The priory of St. John was founded in 1211 by William Mareschal the elder, Earl of Pembroke ; it contains the marble tomb and effigies of prior Purcell. This priory, along with the other religious houses, was granted to the citizens by Henry VIII. The Black Abbey, founded by William Mareschal the younger, Earl of Pembroke, is a finer ruin than any of the rest. Its noble founder was interred in it in 1231, as was his brother Richard Mare- schal, who received a mortal wound at the battle of the Curragh of Kildare, in 1234. In its church may be noticed a tomb, with a recumbent figure, and near it is a font or 182 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. vase, with ancient characters carved round the border. The architectural embellishments of Black Abbey, situated in Irish town, were superb and costly ; it has been repaired, and is occupied by a Roman Catholic congregation. The monastery of St. Francis, a light and elegant struc- ture, of which the tower is the principal vestige, is said to have many superb monuments covered by the ruins. The court of this Franciscan house was converted into cavalry barracks; and foot soldiers were quartered in St. John's Priory : the latter is now an asylum for aged servants. The chalybeate and sulphureous spring, about one mile and a half from the city, is in great esteem with medical professors. The Kilkenny marble, of a black colour, adorns the private buildings in all the chief streets ; they are handsome, and one street is above a mile long. The mills for sawing and polishing marble are near the main quarry, about a mile out of town, and situated by the river side, they are well worthy of a visit ; the marble is extremely beautiful. The Kilkenny coal is well known ; it is of the quality called stone-coal : it is generally sulphureous and expensive; and is therefore little used, except in the imme- diate neighbourhood : that imported from England being found even but a few miles from these mines, both cheaper and better. According to the proverb, Kilkenny boasts — fire without smoke, water without mud, air without fog, and streets paved with marble. The editor has heard many Irish gentlemen declare they had no fogs in their counties, but has experienced many dense fogs arising from mountain and lake. The thick white fog is, however, comparatively seldom known. The shaded public walks form a most agreeable appurtenance to this delightful place. The city of Kilkenny returns a member to Parliament. . Pop. 23,741. Market- days : Wednesday and Saturday ; No. 27, DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 183 and for cattle, Tuesday and Friday. Fairs : March 28, May 29, June 11, Aug. 17; Sep. 12,andNov. 9. Inns: The King's Arms, Bush, Eagle, Wheatsheaf, and the Hibernian Hotel. Seats: Ormond Castle, in Kilkenny, the seat of the Marquess of Ormond, was first constructed in 1192, upon the precipitous bank of the rapid Nore ; its entrance towers are of unequal magnitude at each side of the gate. The castle is being rebuilt by the present earl, and it pro- mises to be a splendid object. In the presence chamber is a picture by Vandyck, and the gallery contains a great many portraits. Several of the rooms command fine views. On the opposite side of the road, the stables of this ancient mansion form a grand appearance. Three miles from the town are seen the ruins of Dunmore Palace, belonging to the same family, and surrounded by fine woods. Kilreen, Sir W. Montmorency ; Castle Blunden, Sir John Blunden ; Teina Park, near to which is the ruin of Casile Inch. C ALLAN is a market and post town of Kilkenny, seated upon the King's River, and is governed by a sovereign. It was once populous, but never flourished since Cromwell's assault upon it ; he destroyed all the buildings, and the three castles. The tower of the Augustine abbey, founded about 1450, by the Ormond family, still remains. The rath, near Callan, is of large dimensions, and is 40 feet in height. The church tower is mantled with ivy. Here are two Roman Catholic chapels, a school on the Lancaster plan, a town dispensary, and several charity schools. Pop. of town and parish, 6111. Market-days: Tuesday and Saturday. Fairs: May 4, June 12, July 10, Aug. 21, Oct. 10, Nov. 4, and Dec. 14. Many well-appointed Inns and Hotels. Seats : A mile and a half before arrival at Callan, i* 184 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. Desart y Lord Desart's, a beautiful house, with very delight- ful grounds, on the right hand. Westcourt ; GarryricJcen, three miles beyond the town. NINE-MILE HOUSE, on the confines of Kilkenny and Tipperary. Four miles beyond this, view Kilcash, a handsome mansion. Kilcash Hill enjoys a noble prospect, with Slievenaman to the right. Half a mile farther is the village of Ballypatrick. CLONMEL, the county town of Tipperary, is beautifully situated on the river Suir, and has three bridges across that river ; it is governed by a mayor and recorder. Its trade with Waterford, particularly in provisions and corn, is very great, and the lands in its vicinity are fertile and rich. In 1269, the Dominican friary was founded here, and at the same time Otho de Grandison founded the Franciscan monastery ; its church afterwards became a place of wor- ship of the Dissenters. The town suffered greatly from Cromwell's army. Amongst the public buildings are, the church in Mary Street, the court house, the market house, the county gaol, the house of industry, a large lunatic asylum, about a quarter of a mile distant, the fever hos- pital, the dispensary, the artillery and foot barracks, and the butter market. There are also Roman Catholic chapels, meeting houses, schools, a commercial room, and a news room. The manufactures are considerable, both in woollens and cottons. In one of its long regular-built streets may be seen the house in which Laurence Sterne was born, in 1713, a clergyman who was the Abbe Scarron of Ireland, a lasting satire upon his cloth, whose facetious pen widely diverged from the appropriate style of a com- poser of sermons, yet whose sermons are a model in his peculiar manner, and attracted crowded congregations to Hampstead church, near London. Sterne embodied the No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 1SS comic diction and cunning genius of his compatriots ; this kingdom truly appears " native to famous wits." Clcnmel returns a member to Parliament. The number of houses in Clonmel in 1800, was 1349 it is now above 1620. This town, and indeed the whole south of Ireland, is greatly indebted to the spirited exertions of an Italian, Mr. Charles Bianconi, car proprietor; his excellent estab- lishment here, consists of nearly 600 horses and 200 cars, which travel in every direction. Mr. Bianconi is also the principal contractor for conveying the mails on the cross roads in the south and west. We have in this work given a detailed list of the principal routes he travels. The environs of Clonmel are very beautiful. From the top of Fairy hill, on the right bank of the river, and about half a mile from the town, a splendid view may be obtained of the valley of the Suir. Pop. 15,134. Market-days : Tuesday and Saturday. Fairs : First Wednesday in each month, May 5, and Nov. 5. Inns : the Mail Coach, the Great Globe, Ormond's, and Hearn's Hotel. Seats : Three miles before arrival at Clonmel, is Kilmore ; Newtown, Sir T. Osborne ; near which is Chan- cellor's Town. Three miles beyond the town, is the splen- did mansion and grounds of Knockloftij, Earl of Donough- more, and Kilmanaham Castle upon a rock at the bending of the river Suir. ARDFINANE,in Tipperary, is a pleasant and ancient village, with a bridge of 14 arches over the Suir. Of two castles in ruin, one built in 1184 by King John, upon a bold precipice by the river, commanded the town. It was battered by Cromwell, and made uninhabitable. The abbey was founded in 700 by St. Finian. Pop. 316. Fairs ; Feb 2, May 17, and Nov. 10. K 3 186 No. tf. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE; CLOGHEEN is a small market and post town in Tip- perary, carrying on a large trade in corn. Here the travel- ler arrives at the foot of the bleak summits of Knockmeledown Mountain, where a small torrent directs its course in search of the river Suir. A well-appointed mail car travels across this mountain to Lismore, a romantic and beautiful drive. The barriers of the Gal tees, and other great hills, bound the prospect. The parish church of Clogheen has been newly built, one mile west of the town. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel, a court house, barracks for two troops of cavalry, and a fever hospital. At Clogheen you can take the road either of Carrick or Lismore. The mount, or fairy ring, of Kilshielan, is to be seen near this. Pop. 1928. Market-day: Saturday. Fairs : May 27, Whit-Monday, Aug. 1, Oct 28, and Dec. 10. Inn: M'Craith's. Seats : Shanbally Castle, the charming seat of Viscount Lismore, is near the old church of Shanrakany, at a short distance from Clogheen. At Skeheewrinky is a cavern, which is entered by a cleft in a rock. It contains a natural vaulted chamber, 100 feet long and 70 high; and lateral passages conduct through recesses of the earth, in which are stones, spars, and stalactitical pillars. Ballyporeen, in Tipperary, is a village three miles be* yond Clogheen. At a mile beyond this, leave the Mitchels- town road to the right, and in another mile enter the county of Cork. KILWORTH, a market and post town in the county of Cork, near the river Funcheon, noted for its excellent salmon and trout ; the Kilworth hills are a romantic range. The church is a fine old building, and at some distance from the town is a modern Roman Catholic chapel, and a school house. Here are some good flax and corn mills. No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 187 Pop. 1965. Market-day: Friday. Fairs: January 25, Easter Tuesday, 1st Tuesday after Trinity Sunday, Sept. 11, Nov. 21, and Dec. 10. Seats : Near Kil worth is Moore Park, the chief seat of the Earl of Mountcashell. This is an embellished mansion ; and close to the park grounds the ruin of Cloughleagh Castle has its gloomy site on a precipice by the river side. FERMOY, a market and post town in the county of Cork, is seated on the Blackwater river. Its bridge has thirteen arches, and is very beautifully enveloped in ivy. The modern town, consisting of four handsome streets, crossing each other at right angles, was projected and com- pleted by the late John Anderson Esq., the patriotic con- tractor for the first southern mail coach establishment : by the river side is the house that he inhabited. The artillery barracks form a handsome quadrangle ; and north of the Blackwater are the new barracks, occupying twelve acres, enclosed by a wall and a drawbridge. On the hill in this town, opposite the market house, is a well-built church, and tower of some architectural elegance. Fer- moy also possesses a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses, a brewery, flour and paper mills, coach manufactory, and a manufactory for farming implements ; a handsome court house, an endowed school house, and a military hos- pital. As a manufacturing place, Fermoy bids fair to arrive at a great degree of prosperity ; its trade in corn is very considerable. It is an important situation, for its numerous good roads to large towns render it a central stage for commercial travellers and tourists. In the vicinity are the ruins of Creg Castle, Bally mac- patrick, Glanworth, and Carrickabrick castles. On the highlands are various Druidical altars, erected by the chief Druid Mogruith, to whom Fermoy was granted in 524, as 188 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE, a possession dedicated to the Druidical worship, and thos€ upright stones marked the boundary of this sacred tract, called Magh Feine ; the Druids occupying it were named Fear Magh Feine (Men of the Sacred Plain), modernized into Fermoy. Pop. 6976, Market-day : Saturday. Fairs : June 21, Aug. 20, and Nov. 7. Inns : The New Inn, and the King's Arms. Seats : Castle Hyde, on the bank of the Blackwater. Convamore, the seat of Lord Ennismore, at some distance towards Mallow. This mansion contains a fine collection of pictures. RATHCORMACK, in Cork, is a neat post town on the river Bride, with a market house, a church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. Here is a beautiful mansion, Lisnagar, belonging to Lord Riversdale, w T ith some other gentlemen's seats. But the mountains and antiquities form still more interesting objects ; the great range of Cairn Tierna, the Thane's Heap, is on the north, a mountain named from one of those justiciary heaps, whether of stones, as in this instance, or earthen raths, upon which the chiefs and their tribes assembled in high and conspicuous spots. Visit also the Hag's Bed, or Labacally Tomb, a stupendous monu- mental vault, formed of immense stones, of the dimensions of which Stonehenge alone can give the stranger an idea. Pop. 1574. Market- day ; Thursday. Fairs : Aug. 12, and Oct. 29. Inn : the Riversdale Arms. About four miles beyond Rathcormack, is the village of Water grass Hill, in which is a post office, said to stand on the highest cultivated ground in Ireland. It commands line prospects. Pop. 533. CORK, the capital of the county of the same name, is the second city of Ireland in point of magnitude, and a No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 189 place of great commerce. It is a seaport on the south-east coast, situated near the mouth of the Lea, over which there are numerous bridges ; that called St. Patrick's is an ele- gant modern structure. This river divides, a short dis- tance above Cork, into two branches, which, again uniting, encircle a considerable portion of the city, formerly a swamp ; its smaller channels ran through many of the streets, like the canals in Dutch towns ; but they have been arched over, to the great improvement of the health, as well as the convenience of the inhabitants. Hence the ancient name of the city, Coreagh, signifying a marsh, was derived. Cork was walled by the Danes and Ostmen in the ninth century, but w r as never strong, although it made some resistance to the Earl of Marlborough, who captured it in 1690. It is a corporation town, governed by its mayor, aldermen, burgesses, sheriffs, and recorder, and returns two members to parliament. The county also returns two, as do the other counties of Ireland. The principal streets are spacious and well built, but those of ancient date are narrow and irregular ; some of the lanes will barely admit of two persons abreast. Many of the houses are fronted with blue slates, giving them a singular appearance. On the grand parade is an eques- trian statue of George II. Amongst the public buildings may be noticed the exchange, erected in 1710 by an Italian architect, and adorned w T ith Tuscan and Doric columns ; the custom house, of hewn stone, with a pediment exhibi- ting the arms of the United Kingdom ; the barracks for infantry and cavalry to the north-east of the city ; the cham- ber of commerce in Patrick Street ; the new city gaol ; the county gaol ; the court house, a splendid new building in George's Street ; the market house, near the exchange ; the town-hall and the commercial rooms, the front of which 190 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. is tastefully ornamented; the county club house, South Mall ; Daly's club house, on the Grand Parade ; the Grand Parade club house, in Tuckey Street ; and the theatre, in George's Street. The Mardyke walk, on the west side of the city, is a public promenade, planted with elms, about a mile long. Cork is a bishop's see. The cathedral, dedi- cated to St. Finn Barr, is situated on an eminence, and has a lofty but inelegant spire. There are several churches ; the principal are, St. Mary Shandon, St. Anne, Christ Church, St. Nicholas, St. Paul, and St. Peter ; the Catholic chapel on Charlotte Quay, a very fine edifice, and many other Roman Catholic chapels, and meeting houses. Amongst the charitable institutions are, the house of industry, capable of accommodating 700 persons; the lunatic asylum ; the house of recovery from fever ; the Magdalen asylum ; the foundling hospital ; the lying-in hospital, and numerous schools. Cork possesses several establishments for the promo- tion of literature and science. The principal are, the royal Cork literary institution, to which are attached a library, a museum of minerals, a botanical garden, and a collection of agricultural implements ; the society of arts, established in 1815 ; the Minerva reading rooms; the Cork library society; and the Cork institution for the application of science for the common purposes of life. Barry, the painter of the admirable pictures at the society of arts, London, was a native of Cork. The ancient abbeys have been employed as building- materials for the modern city ; they are however of historic celebrity ; in the abbey of St. Finn Barr, founded by that canonized saint in 606, seven hundred religious are related to have dwelt at one time ; it was, when rebuilt, named No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 191 Gille Abbey, from its abbot's name, and was granted by Elizabeth to Sir Richard Greneville, in 154!; Grey abbey was built north of the city ; the Dominican abbey of St. Mary of the Island once existed on Cross Green, south of the town. There are some remains of the Augustine friary, founded in 1420 by Lord Kinsale ; it is called Red Abbey, and has been converted into a sugar refinery. St. Stephen's, an institution for the residence of lepers, became the site of the blue-coat hospital The nunnery of St. John the Baptist stood near the market house. The residence of the Bishop of Cork is at BaUinaspeg, three miles out of town. Cork carries on an extensive trade, particularly in the export of superior linens, hides, tallow, butter, beef, pork, cattle, sheep, pigs, corn, flour, and bacon. It also imports grocery, earthenware, ironmongery, cloth, coals, wines, brandy, oil, rum, sugar, flax seed, timber, tar, and tur- pentine. The chief manufactures are paper, glass, leather, glue, sailcloth, coarse cloths, and whisky. There are numerous large distilleries and porter breweries ; and the Lea flour mills are of great extent; the perfection of their machinery, and cleanliness, render them objects of great attraction ; and in the neighbourhood is the only manufac- tory of gunpowder in the island : it belongs to Govern- ment. The markets are abundantly supplied; indeed there is a profusion of fish, poultry, meat, butter, and vegetables. Craft of 1<50 tons can proceed up the river to the city of Cork. Cove, or, as it is usually called, the Cove of Cork, the great rendezvous of the West India fleets, is situated seven miles from the city, in Great Island, which is about four miles in length and two in breadth. Its situation for com- merce is excellent, as vessels of the largest size can here 192 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. unload, and the security of the haven renders it an impor- tant naval station. The harbour is formed by Great Island, and a bay of the opposite coast, and is capable of holding the whole navy of Britain. Cove has a handsome church, and fine quay, which is a good promenade, and commands an extensive view of the harbour and surrounding scenery. Cove is recommended as a mild and sheltered climate for invalids, and is the most fashionable sea-bathing place in the south of Ireland. There is an establishment connected with the imperial hotel, Cork, built for the summer season, close to the sea, on the artillery ground, from which a fine view may be obtained. The population of Great Island amounts to 11,000, about half of whom, consisting principally of seafaring men, pilots, and fishermen, reside in Cove. Near the town is a battery, consisting of three tiers of guns, one of them being a fleur d'eau, and above it are barracks. The channel is also defended by Carlisle Fort. The shores of the island are studded with villas, and the fishing banks off the coast yield a fine produce. An excursion by boats among the islands of Cork Harbour, will afford beautiful and diver- sified prospects. On the opposite side of the river is Passage-West, from which the distance to Cork by the southern road along the harbour is six miles. There are several yacht and boat clubs at Cove; and regattas are held annually, which attract numerous visitors. There are two good inns at Cove. Pop. of Cove 6966. Pop. of Passage- West 2141. The Environs of Cork present several objects of attention. Blackrock, situated on a peninsula of the Lea, three miles from Cork, abounds with villas ; and there is an extensive nunnery, which faces the river. Blarney Castle, three miles distant, is situated on a rock, and consists of one massive No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 193 square tower: it was besieged and taken by William III., in the war of the revolution. Here is also the celebrated blarney stone, which gave rise to the Irish proverb of " kissing the blarney-stone." Ballyvelly Castle commands the north channel formed by Cove Island. In Barrymore Island is a stratum of limestone, found no where on the shore of the harbour. Giant's Stairs, a natural production, attract the curious visitor. Carigrohan Castle is built on a precipice above the river Lea. At Ballyvacadane, four miles distant, are the remains of an abbey. Monkstown Castle occupies the summit of a hill overgrown with trees and shrubs. Glanmire, five miles distant, is a charming village, situated in a beautiful glen on a narrow arm of the sea. It commands an extensive prospect. Steamers ply several times, daily, between Cork and Cove. There are also steamers plying regularly to Bristol, Liverpool, London, Plymouth, and Dublin. Seats: Rostellan Castle, the Marquess of Thomond, surrounded by stately timber. Cork Beg, belonging to the Fitzgerald family. Pop. 107,010. Market Days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: TrinityMonday, and October 1. Hotels: Commercial, Chamber of Commerce, Lloyd's, Imperial, Skibbereen, and Dublin. BAN DON is a market and post town in Cork, upon the river Bandon, with an extensive quay, and is governed by a provost and burgesses. It has manufactures of cotton and camlets ; and is a borough, returning a member to Parlia- ment. The Duke of Devonshire is the chief proprietor. The town of Bandon was built in 1610 by the Earl of Cork, who erected two churches and two handsome market houses, and surrounded it with walls ; the latter were destroyed in 1689. Near it is a noted chalybeate spring, and Dunda- 194 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. rene Castle. Military are regularly quartered in the bar- racks of this town. The cotton spinning, corduroy, and linen manufacture, is extensive; but here, as in the neighbouring towns, they have been subject to great vicissitudes and excessive dis- tress. There are also large flour mills, breweries, and tan- yards. Bandon has a sessions house, a dispensary, an hospi- tal, several important schools, two Roman Catholic chapels, and several Dissenters' meeting houses. In the Wesleyan congregation's chapel is an excellent organ. A savings* bank is established here. Seats: Castle Bernard, the Earl of Bandon (whose family name is Bernard). This fine mansion has two Corinthian fronts of Portland stone, and has an extensive park. A mile to the south of this a beautiful mansion has been erected, in the pointed Gothic style, for the Hon. W. S. Bernard, brother to Lord Bandon : Bandon Bridge, the seat of the Earl of Cork and Orrery. Pop. 9917. Market Days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs : on Ascension Day, May 6, Oct. 29, and Nov. 8. Inns : the Devonshire Arms, and the Shannon Arms. Innishannon is a manufacturing and post town of Cork, having a good charter school. It is seated on the Bandon river, upon a road a little to the left of the shortest line from Cork to Bandon, and three miles from the latter town. Innishannon communicates by the Bandon river with Kinsale, and has a small linen and cotton manufac- tory. This district is very mountainous. Pop. 653. CLOGHNAKILTY, a post town in Cork, is an ancient borough now disfranchised ; it is governed by a sovereign and recorder, and has a considerable trade in the sale of linen and yarn. Its bay is rendered nearly useless by being choked up with sands. It has a good church in an No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 195 elevated situation ; a Roman Catholic chapel, a Meeting house, barracks, a dispensary, a market house, and a school of industry. At Temple Brian, one mile to the north-east, are vestiges of a heathen temple. Above four miles south-east is Timo- league Castle, and an ancient abbey for Augustine monks, founded in 1350; the tombs and the holy well are worthy of inspection. The promontory at the south point of this bay is hollowed out by the sea into various extensive caverns ; it is called Galley Head, and its south-west coast turns in- land to Ross Bay, which is filled with sands. Pop. 3807. Market-daij : Friday. Fairs : April 6, June 30, Aug. 1, Oct. 10, and Nov. 12. ROSSCARBERY, formerly called Ross, a market and post town, is situated upon the coast in Cork, seven miles from Cloghnakilty ; it stands on an elevation at the head of along narrow inlet of the sea, and is nearly surrounded by wood. This is the seat of a bishopric, united with the see of Cork in 1586. The cathedral was founded in the 6th century by St. Fachnan ; it is of Gothic architecture, and although small, cannot fail to excite the interest of the traveller who reflects that this place was an early school for divinity, and a university of great resort. The sea flows up to the wall of the cemetery, which is planted with trees ; the square steeple has battlements, and there are large vaults or subterranean chambers adjoining the cathedral. There is also a Roman Catholic chapel, a market house, and a barrack. A mile from the town are two pits, eighty yards deep, called East and West Pooladuff : the sea is observed to enter them by some cavern, although the cliff is 300 yards distant. The river Rory flows towards the sea at a short distance from the town. Seat : Castle Frcke, the mansion of Lord Carbery, a handsome building in the castellated style. 196 No. 27. DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. Pop. 1522. Market day: Wednesday. Fairs: Sep. 19, and Dec. 19. SKIBBEREEN is a thriving market and post town of Cork, upon the river Hen. The linen manufactures and cloths of Skibbereen have long been objects of extensive trade ; and a considerable yarn market is held here. The church is on the west side of the river. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, several charity schools, and a sessions house, as well as two flour-mills and a brewery. Abbey Throwry, near this town, was a priory, long used as a church, but now in ruins. About four miles distant, is the pleasant village of Castle Townsend, which has a good harbour. It is now much resorted to as a sea- bathing place, and a new custom house has been recently built ; here the collector and other officers of Baltimore harbour reside. It has a neat church situated in the fine demesne of Colonel Townsend. There are two rocks at the entrance of the harbour, called the Stags. Seat : New Court, Lord Riversdale. Pop. 4430. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : May 14, July 10, Aug. 2. Oct. 12, Dec. 11, and 23. BALTIMORE, in Cork, is seated upon an excellent harbour, and is a port, having an establishment of the customs, the chief officers residing at Castle Townsend. It is a disfranchised borough, and was once a flourishing place : in 1631 it was plundered by Algerine pirates, and did not again recover its opulence. Here are vestiges of many strong castles, and the vicinity is rude and romantic. In one of the large islands which lie at the mouth of this fine port is Cape Clear, or Dunamore Castle, in tolerable preser- vation ; Cape Clear is the southernmost point of Ireland, Pop. 459. 197 No. 28. From Dublin to BANNOW. Through Ark- low, Kyle, and Wexford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Wexford*, as at No. 204. 66h Duncormack JGi Baldwin's Town 74 Bannow 80£ BALDWIN'S TOWN is a village of the county of Wexford. DUNCORMACK is a village situated on a bay of the Wexford coast. BANNOW, formerly a borough town, is situated on the east bank of the channel of Bannow Bay, at the head of which is the town of Clonmines. Earl Strongbow effected his landing at this place. It is commonly called the Irish Herculaneum. The town of Bannow was of great antiquity, and was overwhelmed with sea sand at some very remote period ; streets, houses, an extensive quay, and a church, with curious sculpture inside, are all to be seen, and much still remains to be discovered. The Saltees are small islands and rocks situated off this coast in Ballyteig Bay. St. Patrick's Bridge are rocks lying between the Saltee Islands and the coast. The river Bannow flows into the bay of the same name. The Scare ferry is occasionally fordable, but is generally passed in the ferry-boat. It is believed that silver mines were once worked to advantage by the Ostmen in this dis- trict; there are the appearances of a mine near the river Bannow, at Barrastoinu s 3 198 No. 29. From Dublin to BANTRY. Through Kil- kenny, Cork, and Bandon. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Bandon *, as at No. 27. 137^ Dunmanway 151 Enniskeane • 144J Bantry • • • • • 164£ Desart Church, in Cork, is five miles beyond Bandon, and here is also Desart, the demesne of the Rev. Mr. Longfield. ENNISKEANE, a post town in Cork, is a village on the river Bandon, which divides it into two parts. On the north is Kineigh, or Kenith round tower, seventy feet high ; the first story is a hexagon, above which are five stories, all of them round; this hexagonal basement is a singularity in the construction of such towers. It is 124 feet from the ruins of the church. Fairs: April 5, June 22, Aug. 1 2, and Oct. 2. Seats: Fort Robert, Fergus O'Connor, M.P. DUNMANWAY, a post town in Cork. The linen manufacture was established here by Sir Richard Cox, who had a handsome residence, adorned with fine avenues. Here is a charter school. Dunmanway town is in a plea- sant valley on the banks of the Bandon river, a few miles from its sources ; hills surround the town, and a mile north is a long barrier of rugged rocks ; in one place a yew grows from a fissure of the rock, with a stem seventeen feet in circumference. Kilbarry Church ruins are a mile and a half beyond this town. Pop, 2738. Fairs: May 4, June 16, Sep. l7,andNov. 26. Dromaleague is a village on the road to Bantry. It is five miles beyond Dunmanway. The barony of Bantry is sterile and mountainous. BANTRY is a market, post, and sea-port town, situated at the head of Bantry Bay ; a fine harbour, which could contain the British navy, and sheltered by high mountains. No. 29. DUBLIN TO BANTRY. 199 There are no remains of its Franciscan abbey. Ireton built a fort farther north, and the inhabitants quitted Bantry to build the new town under its protection, but the fort is demolished, and the site abandoned. The bay is skirted by Hungra Hill, a barren mountain, sixteen miles from Bantry ; this hill slopes rapidly towards the shore, and from a lake on its summit descends a cataract of great height and sublimity. In the beautiful island of Whiddy, near Bantry town, there is a fine green hill, surmounted by a fort, in which a part of the military are stationed ; the bay is surrounded by the most romantic scenery, and the small bay of Glengariff is truly picturesque. In 1689 Admiral Herbert defeated and captured a French fleet near Bantry, and in 1796 a French fleet, with an army under Hoche, overtaken by storm near this harbour, was wrecked or. dispersed. The distance from Bantry to Glengariff is eleven miles; the inn at Glengariff is finely situated at the head of a nar- row creek which runs up from the bay, and the scenery is beautiful and picturesque. From the demesne of Captain White, Lord Bantry' s brother, fine views may be obtained. The Priest's Leap, and Clooneagh, are grand mountain scenes. A new road is now constructing between Bantry and Cork, by Glengariff and Kenmare, across the pass of the Esk: some striking views are obtained in crossing this mountain pass. This road will connect Killarney with Cork by a most interesting route. There is a considerable fishery, and the linen manufac- ture is carried on with great spirit. Bantry has a hand- some Gothic church, also a Roman Catholic chapel, a Wesleyan meeting house, a Roman Catholic school, and a fechool house for the education of the sons of Protestants. 200 No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. Seat : Bantry House, the mansion of the Earl of Bantry, who is proprietor of the town, with delightful grounds, and a fine prospect of the bay, skirted by a range of lofty mountains. Pop. 4276. Market day : Saturday. Inn : The Bantry Arms. Fairs : June 9, Aug. 21, Oct. 15, and Dec. 1. BE ARK AVE N, now Castletown, a post town, opposite to Bear Island, which lies in the mouth of Bantry Bay, and thereby forms two channels, one of which is called Bear- haven. Dunmanus Bay, with Mizen Head, are to the south- east. Crow Head is at the extremity of the deeply- indented promontory which forms the opposite shore of Bantry Bay ; and Dursay Island, to the west, has some remains of a castle, beyond which are three high rocks, called Bull, Cow, and Calf. No. 30. From Dublin to BELFAST. First Road. Through Tuhvey, Drogheda, Dundalk, and Lis- BURN. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge*, as at No. 1 60| Lisburn 73 Dromore 66 Belfast r 80 Hillsborough 69h DROMORE, in Down, is a retired town, built near the river Lagan, and surrounded by gently swelling hills, It is the see of a bishop, the church here having been founded by St. Colman, as well as an abbey, in the sixth century, and is remarkable for having been under the administra- tion of the eloquent Dr. Jeremy Taylor, and the late Dr. Percy. The bishopric is one of those to be sunk on a vacancy. The cathedral, the bishop's residence, the school No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 201 house, and the market house, which is huilt on arches, are the chief buildings. There are also several meeting houses, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The large rath, just be- yond the town, on the ridge of a hill (whence the names Drum Mor), has from it a curious passage, hollowed down to the river. South of Dromore, on the road towards Ban- bridge, is a square tower, now in a state of dilapidation. The market place is surrounded by neat white houses ; the market and fairs are brisk, and there is much traffic, both in linens and provisions. The bones of a large animal, together with fossil horns of the mouse deer, measuring 14 feet 6 inches, were dug up here in 1783, and are now to be seen in the bishop's palace. Pop. 1942. Market Day: Saturday. Fairs: Feb. 2, Mar. 7, May 12, July 28, August 1, Oct. 10, and Dec. 12. HILLSBOROUGH, in Down, is a beautiful modern town, built on the face of a hill ascending to the south. It is named after the Hill family, and it must be confessed that the handsome new buildings, the grand plantations of trees, and the general agricultural improvement of the finely-cultivated environs, owe much of their beauty to the Marquess of Downshire. The church is an elegant build- ing, and is adorned with painted windows. It has an organ, a monument by Nollekens in memory of Arch- deacon Leslie, and a ring of nine bells: a fine avenue conducts from the road to the church door. There is a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses, at a short distance from town, besides schools, and a dispensary. In Hillsborough castle it has been customary to forma deposit of arms. At the top of the hill is a handsome inn ; and adjoining it is the elegant market house, to the left of which is the gate of the Marquess of Downshire's park. His castle and woods are well worthy of inspection. 202 No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. Amidst the groves are numerous nests of cranes and rooks. The farmers and weavers in this district are in- dustrious and intelligent, and receive great encouragement from the resident landlords. The villas of the gentry are charming, and the white-washed cottages of the farmers of Down assimilate in their neat exterior with those seen in the best parts of Scotland, whence the ancestors of a large portion of the people in the north of Ireland were imported by the Scottish planters. The Maze Course is seen from the road, two miles north of Hillsborough. Pop. 1453. Market Bay: Wednesday. Fairs: on the third Wednesday in Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Inn : the Corporation Arms. LIS BURN, in Antrim, is a well-built market and post town, situated upon the Lagan. It is a borough, re- turning a member to Parliament. The damask manufactory (Messrs. Coulson's) is unrivalled. It is from this cele- brated house that the different emperors and kings of Europe have been supplied with this surpassing fabric. The nobility of Great Britain, generally, patronize it. The proprietors of the establishment (than which there is not one more worthy of inspection) are most polite in conduct- ing visitors through it, and explaining all the intricacies of the far-famed machinery. The cambrics, muslins, and linens of the town are of excellent quality, and highly celebrated. The market place is spacious, and the markets are well provided: the market house occupies an angle near the church, and the county infirmary is in Castle Street. The church at Lisburn has a large square tower, with a tapering spire ; it serves for a cathedral of the see of Down and Connor. Lisburn has also a linen-hall, a Catholic chapel, and several meeting houses and schools. A new corn market has been erected at the extremity of the No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 203 town, on the Dublin road, and there is an extensive trade in corn. The dark red houses are generally well-built, and many of them are spacious. In the street descending to the bridge built on the south side of Lisburn, are the gardens of the noble proprietor : the manorial house stands also in this street. The fostering patronage of the tenantry by the Hertford family has greatly contributed to the embellish- ment of this fine town, and the prosperity of all the adja- cent district. The old town of Lisncgarvey was accidentally burnt, and Lisburn has risen on its site. The banks of the Lagan river are picturesque, and its winding valley is fertile, and much adorned ; the elegant residences, the hedge-rows, the raised footpaths, and numerous woods and copses, the usual accompaniments of commercial wealth, render Down, as well as many parts of Antrim, a country which might rival the well-cultivated counties of the sister island. A long range of hills of great height is seen to the north, skirting the level road, with a continuous summit, which extends to Belfast, and encircles the basin occupied by that great town. The rich bleach- greens of Lisburn and of Lambeg, a pleasant village, w T ith a pretty church beyond it on the Belfast side, together with the mansions of opulent linen merchants, here attract attention. Lambeg has also an extensive manufacture of various kinds of paper, and blankets have long been made in the neighbourhood. Lis- burn school is a celebrated establishment, and has long been frequented by the sons of the principal gentlemen of the neighbouring counties. In the vicinity is Ballydrain, a pleasant house, near a small lake ; the Gianfs Ri?ig is an interesting Druidical monument, and near it is a round tower. Pop. 5218. Market Day : Tuesday. Fairs: July 21, and Oct. o. Imu t the Hertford Arms ; and the King's Arms. 204 No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. Three miles from Lisburn, on the left, is the beautiful village of Dunmurry, where there are extensive flour and beetling mills. The neighbourhood is so richly studded with seats and improvements, as to present a rare and delightful prospect. BELFAST is a sea-port and post town of Antrim, situated near the entrance of the Lagan into Carrickfergus Lough. From its commerce and enterprise, this opulent town is generally called the Liverpool of Ireland. Its tonnage in shipping exceeds all others in Ireland, and since the opening of the trade to China and India, it has built and chartered several very fine ships for that destination. In 1800 it consisted of 3053 houses, and in 1831 it contained 7750: its commerce and manufactures increase in proportion. Its spinning mills alone employ 6000 persons, and the magnificent establishment of Messrs. Mulholland is well worthy of a visit. The assembly rooms, the commercial buildings, where strangers are liberally permitted to read without any expense for eight days ; the linen hall, with an enclosed area, and an agreeable garden, which has an extensive library attached to it ; the academi- cal institution; the splendid ranges of private edifices ; the new additions to the town, on an extensive and elegant scale ; are all evidences of the rapid progress which Belfast is making, as one of the principal seats of trade, manufac- tures, and learning, in this kingdom. The custom house is on the quay, at the extremity of High Street ; and the excise office is situated in Donegal Square. The govern- ment of the town is vested in the sovereign and twelve burgesses ; the resident magistrates attend daily to all business reported from the police office, in Rosemary Street, and the commissioners of police have also an office in Donegal Street. The proprietor of Belfast is the Mar- No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 205 quess of Donegal, who is Lord of the Castle, of which he appoints a constable. His son has the title of Earl of Belfast. The tenures are granted at the old rents, for long periods of time, by the levy of fines, a system which, although it depresses the rent-roll, is a great encourage- ment to the merchants and the speculators, in the mag- nificent enlargements of the town. The principal church is St. Anne's, in Donegal Street, in which is situated a well-regulated post office. There are also several meeting houses, a Quakers' and a Methodist meeting. At the rise of a gentle hill, forming the extremity of Donegal Street, is a newly-erected Catholic chapel. The Roman Catholic bishop resides in the town. Beyond this chapel is seen the asylum, a convenient building, with every advantage for the health, exercise, and comfort of aged men and women, and orphans. Belfast also possesses a fever hospital, a dispensary, a house of industry, and a house of correction, the front of which is 236 feet, adjoin- ing Henrietta Street. A chamber of commerce promotes the welfare of the mercantile interests ; the exchange, built in 1770, by the Marquess of Donegal, stands at the angle of Donegal Street and North Street; above it is an assembly room, 60 feet in length. The north quay, extend- ing along the Carrickfergus shore, is bordered by good warehouses ; ships of 500 tons can lie alongside of it, and a crowd of vessels bound to London, Glasgow, New York, Liverpool, and of colliers for the supply of fuel from Greenock, and other Scottish ports, adds much to the variety and interest of this bustling scene. The most to be lamented of all exports, that of a manly, active, and enterprising body of emigrants, who quit Belfast every season for the United States, or for the British States of T 20U No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. North America, creates a constant supply of large, well- equipped passage ships. The advantage of the various linen halls, the success of its beneficial manufactures, and the spirit of the merchants generally, are evinced by the amount and nature of its ex- ports; the provision trade in beef, pork, butter, &c, is considerable. The markets of Belfast are extensive, and are furnished with excellent meat and vegetables: the supply of turkeys is considerable ; of fish, mackarel are scarce, but salmon, rock-cod, soles, brills, and other excel- lent fish, are plentiful. Vvheaten bread here supplies the place of the dry sweet oat-cake, which in the north of Ireland, is the chief addition to potatoes, as the food of the labourer. The streets and squares of Belfast are of brick, and are well built, with copings, areas, iron railings, and all the accompaniments of the best style of town buildings: Donegal Place is wide and uniform. Five newspapers are printed at Belfast, and many useful and scientific works are also occasionally published here. The professors of the academical institution, where the Irish Presbyterian clergy are educated, are men of talent, well qualified to forward the interests of this flourishing college. The physicians of Belfast are also eminent, both for their professional and their literary acquirements. At a short distance from the town is an extensive botanical garden. There are four banks in Belfast; the Belfast banking company, and the Northern banking company, having each a capital of 500,000/. ; also a branch of the Bank of Ireland, and one of the Provincial bank. It is beyond our limits to enumerate all the institutions, sunday schools, charitable foundations, meeting houses, and No. 30. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 207 the numerous seats of the resident gentry, whose orna- mental grounds give the appearance of a continued park to the northern and other outlets of the town : its mechanics' institution, and Brown Street school, must not be forgotten. The dark impending mountains, which cast their long sha- dows over the shore of Belfast Bay, seem to limit the prospect from the town ; but as their sides are cultivated, and exhibit large mills, fine mansions, greens covered with linens, and long plantations, they have of themselves a compensating interest. The suburb of B ally macar ret is entirely in the county of Down, and has a population of 5168; it is separated from Belfast by the river Lagan, across which is the long bridge. About a mile from Belfast, near the road to Antrim, is Deris Mountain, [15 JO feet] ; the summit of which is about four miles distant. A mile beyond it is Cave. Hill, 1191 feet high, surmounted by a mound, called M' Art's Fort, whence there is a noble view, embracing the lough of Bel- fast, Carrickfergus castle, and the town of Belfast ; whilst on the opposite side are seen the shore of Bangor, and the hills of Down, the highest of which, Sliebh Donard, is 2810 feet. Steam boats ply regularly to Glasgow, London, Liver- pool, and Dublin. The borough of Belfast returns two members to Parliament. Pep. 53,287; exclusive of a detachment of infantry, who have commodious barracks. Market Day : Friday. Fairs : August 12, and Nov. 8. hins : Kern's Royal Hotel, Do- negal Place; Sloane's; Commercial Hotel, Donegal Street; the Donegal Arms, in Castle Street; Campbell's; and Linn's, or the White Cross, in Castle Street. 208 No. 31. From Dublin to BELFAST. Second Road. Through Ashborne, Drogheda, and Lisburn. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Finglass* 3 Banbridge* as at No. 1 60£ Ashbourne 12 Belfast* as at No. 30 80 Drogheda* 23h No. 32. From Dublin to BELFAST. Third Road. Through Newry, Rathfriland, and Downpatrick. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry* as at No. 1 50i Killyleagh 80 Rathfriland 57i Cross Roads of Killinchy. •• • 84 J Castlewellan 65 Comber 89 Clough 69 Belfast* 96 Downpatrick 74 RATHFRILAND, in Down, is a conspicuous town, seated on an eminence, on which four cross roads meet. It has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, schools, and a dispensary. Here also are the old walls of the castle, built by the Magennis family, lords of Iveagh. Near four miles beyond the town is a lough, and a mansion of Lord Downshire's, called Ballymoney. The spa at Turkelly swell, two miles distant, is a chalybeate, used in scrofulous complaints. The river Bann, with the fine bleach-greens on its banks, is seen winding through the valley south of Rathfriland. Pop. 2001. Market Day : Wednesday. Fairs : Third Wednesday in February, April, O.S., September, the Wednesday after Trinity Sunday, the third Wednesday in July, and last in Nov. O.S. There is a good inn. No. 32. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 209 CASTLE WELL AN, a market and post town in Down, with a good market house, surmounted by an elegant belfry. Here are two meeting houses and a dispensary. The church is at Kilmegan, nearly two miles distant. At Castlewellan are some fine bleach-greens, and the linen manufacture flourishes in this vicinity. All this part of Down exhibits good finger-posts, directing to each tow T n and village. Seat : The Earl of Annesley'' s richly-planted demesne and gardens close to a fine lake. On the coast, and three miles north of Castlewellan, is the very finely-situated village of Newcastle, much frequented as a watering place in summer. It is the property of Earl Annesley, wdio has expended a large sum in its improvement, and has built a good inn. His lordship has also erected a lodge for his occasional residence, under Slieve Donard Mountain. It may be classed among the most romantic seats in Ireland. There is also a church in the village, built and supported by Lord Annesley. Pop. 729. Market Bay: Monday. Fairs: Feb. 1, May 1, June 1, Sept. 1, Nov. 13, and the Tuesday before Christmas. C LOUGH is a post tow T n in Down. The old castle is in ruins ; it w T as built on an artificial mount, and has a deep surrounding moat. At about an English mile to the left is seen the neat village of Seaforde, the property of Colonel Forde, formerly one of the representatives of the county, whose fine seat is close beside it. Seat : Mount Panther ; this fine mansion is to the right of Clough. DOWN, or DOWNPATRICK, the county town of Down, is interesting, both from its antiquities, and from its situation on the southern branch of Lough Strangford. This city derives its name from St. Patrick, who here t 3 210 No. 82. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. founded a celebrated abbey, in which he was interred, A. d« 493 ; St. Colunib and St. Bridget were also buried here. The great Boone, or elevated rath, north of Downpatrick, is surrounded by three ramparts and terraces : its circum- ference is 2100 feet, and its height sixty feet; the tra- dition is, that a palace was built upon it. Adjoining the abbey stood the round tower, which was sixty feet high, and forty- two in circumference ; it was taken down in 1790, and beneath it appeared the foundation of some former stone building. The west end of the cathedral was en- larged on the removal of this tower: in the niches over the east window, it is said, were once placed statues of the three great saints buried here. This ancient edifice, which mea- sures one hundred and ten feet in length, is on the side of the hill, and contains some large and curious pillars. It was in the burying-ground of this cathedral that the nephews of the bold De Courcy were killed, and himself betrayed, notwithstanding his slaughtering arm, in the reign of King John. The building was defaced by Lord Grey, in 1538, but since repaired by Dean Daniel. Con- nor was united with the see of Down in 1442. The town hall is elegant and commodious ; adjoining is the large house, called the hotel, built by the nobility and gentry of the county, who hold their meetings here during the assizes and races, in which also is a ball room and grand jury room. Near it are the gaol, barracks, and school house ; also the church, rebuilt in 1735; the Roman Catholic chapel, a market house, a handsome hospital, endowed by the De Clifford family ; several schools, a public library, a county infirmary, a fever hospital, meeting houses, and chapels. There are four principal streets. In Inls Courcy are the ruins of an abbey, near to Coil- bridge ; the Quoil Quay is the port to this town, distant No. 32. DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 211 nearly a mile. The land is rich and fertile, and the lough extremely beautiful, with some charming islands, well grown with wood. About a mile from the town is a good race- course. St. Patrick's well is greatly frequented as a holy well. Near Struel, a mile from the town, are the ruins of the abbey of Saul, founded by St. Patrick. The borough returns a member to Parliament. Seats : Bally dugan House, and Holly mount. Pop. 4784. Market Day: Saturday. Fairs: second Thursday in Jan. Mar. 17, May 19, June 22, Oct. 29, and Nov. ] 9. Inns : the Downshire Arms ; the Savage Arms ; and the Hope and Anchor. KILLYLEIGH is a post town of Down, built on a height close to Lough Strangford. It has a handsome church, a Presbyterian chapel, barracks for the militia of this county, a large market-house, and a cotton factory ; and the linen trade is considerable. Killyleigh Castle, the seat of the family of Hamilton, is an ancient and splendid mansion, surrounded by some large trees. This family has long flourished here ; part of this town is the property of Viscount Dufferin. It was the birth-place of Sir Hans Sloane, the celebrated physician and naturalist. Pop. 1147. KILLINCHY, in Down, has a good parish church and parsonage. It is seated on a high hill, and is but a small village. Russell's inn furnishes good entertainment, and there is a fine prospect of the surrounding country. Pop. 199. COMBER is a flourishing post town in Down, situated near Lough Strangford. It has a church, meeting houses, a house of industry, flour mills, brewhouse, school houses, and a farming society, which has done much to improve the district. The linen manufacture is carried on here. The square and principal street have a respectable appearance, 212 No. 33. DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. but the outskirts consist of poor cottages. The old castle of Mount Alexander was the seat of the earls of that name. The abbey of Comber was built and endowed in 1199, by an ancestor of the O' Neils. This place is the property of the Marquess of Londonderry. Pop. 1377. Fairs : Jan. 5 and 15, April 7, June 30, and Oct. 20. No. 33. From Dublin to BIRR, or PARSONSTOWN. Through Maynooth, Philipstown, and Eglisii. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ballinagar*, as at No. 100 41 Frankford '- 56 Killeagh. 46 Eglisii 61| Mountbolus. 53$ Parsonstown. 65 MOUNTBOLUS is in King's County. Four miles from it, on the Kilieigh road, is the church of Killurn. A mile before arriving at Mountbolus, is a Lough, one mile in length, on the Bank of which is the mansion of Mount Pleasant Within half a mile of Mountbolus is Rathrobine, a good residence, and an ancient castle. FRANKFORD is a market and post town in King's County, situated on the Silver river, issuing from Lough Anna, in the barony of Ballyboy : Killinany Castle is an ancient ruin on the shore of Lough Anna. This water divides the King's and Queen's counties. This is a ro- mantic district. There is a handsome Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and a modern church and school. A mile beyond Frankford is Broghill Castle. Pop. 1112. Market-day: Saturday. Fairs: May 28, and Nov. 8. Inn: Delany's. No. 33. DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. 213 EGLISH. Here is a handsome seat near the Church, and at Castle Eglish is a fine bleach-green. Eglish is a barony of King's County ; it is sequestered, and thinly peopled. PARSONSTOWN, a market and post town, near the verge of King's County, named after the family of ParsonSj settled here. The Earl of Rosse is the proprietor of the town, and has an excellent castellated residence, Birr Castle, adjoining it. Parsonstown is a commodious mo- dern-built town, with regular streets ; in Duke's square, on a Doric column 25 feet high, is a statue of the late Duke of Cumberland. The principal buildings are, the church, a handsome modern Gothic edifice, the Roman Catholic chapel, in the same style of architecture, the gaol, and the market house. There are also two Methodist chapels, several meeting houses, a fever hospital and dispensary, and schools. The castle of the Parsons family was once besieged by the celebrated General Sarsfield ; it has been recently improved from designs by Mr. Johnston, and is now a commodious residence. There are some other strong fortresses, now dilapidated, in this neighbourhood, particu- larly Leap Castle and Cangor Castle. At Parsonstown the roads to Burrisakane and Shannon Bridge cross the Birr River, and enter Tipperary. There are two distilleries and two breweries, and extensive barracks are situated about one mile from the town. Pop. 6594. Market-day: Saturday. Fairs: Feb. 11, May 5, Aug. 25, and Dec. 10. Inns : The King's Arms, and Parson's Arms. Seat : Syngefield, a beautiful house, near the river side, one mile from Birr. 214 No. 34. From Dublin to BRAT. First Road. Through Monkstown and Shanganagh. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Blackrock* 4 Shanganagh* • • • 9 Monkstown 5$ Bray* 11 Killiney. 8 Between Blackrock and Monkstown is Montpelier Castle, surrounded by pleasing grounds. MONKSTOWN, in the county of Dublin. The church is a fine building, of the Gothic style, rebuilt in 1833, and has a fine organ. It belongs to the united parishes of Monkstown, Dalkey, and Killiney. Here is a fine seat, formerly belonging to Lord Ranelagh ; also a mansion, which was built on the site of a monastery, whence the name of Monkstown. Pop. 2029. No. 35. From Dublin to BRAY. Second Road. Through Blackrock, Rochestown, and Killiney. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles' Blackrock* 4 Killiney*. 8 Kill* 5 Shanganagh*. 9 Rochestown. 7 Bray. 11 ROCHESTOWN, in the county of Dublin, has an obelisk, which was erected by the late J. Mapas, Esq. hi the neighbourhood is Sea Point. Half a mile from Roches- town is the village of Cabinteely, surrounded by some fine mansions. 215 No. SO. From Dublin to BULLOCK. Through Black- rock and Monkstown. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Blackrock* 4 Bullock. 6| Monkstown*. 5$ BULLOCK is a sea-bathing village, of the county of Dublin, and is much frequented in summer. On the cliff is a very ancient and picturesque castle ; and in a delight- ful glen was lately to be seen a rocking-stone, or cromlech, supposed to have been placed in its position by Druids. No. 37. From Dublin to BORRIS-O-LEIGH. Through Kildare and Maryborough. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Roscrea*, as at No. 3. • « 59^ Bcrris-o Leigh. 78| Templemore. 68 TEMPLEMORE is a beautiful market and post town, in the county of Tipperary, which is highly celebrated for its rich harvests. The neighbourhood of Templemore is particularly fertile and delightful. Templemore church has an elegant spire, a fine organ, and a painted window, the subject of which is The Crucifixion. Here is a capital glebe of twenty acres, a good parsonage -house and gardens. The school-house has a square tower ; it is on Erasmus Smyth's foundation, and 200 children are taught in it. The market-house, in which the petty sessions are held, is a conspicuous ornament to this town, and the barracks are commodious. Here also is a ball-room and a news-room/ 216 No. 38. DUBLIN TO CALEDON. Pop. 2936. Market-days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: Jan. 30, March 30, May 17, June 28, July 30, Sep. 3, Oct. 21, and Dec. 7. Inn : The King's Arms. Seat : The Priory, the delightful mansion of Sir Henry Carden, Bart, the owner of Templemore, is one mile from the town ; there are also many pleasant houses of opulent gentlemen in the neighbourhood. BORRIS-O-LEIGH is a post-town in Tipperary, in the mountainous barony of Glankeen. The feeding of cattle forms the chief employment of the inhabitants of these rugged hills. Hence a road conducts to Silvermines. On the road to Nenagh, which is ten miles and three-quarters distant, are the ruins of Latragh Castle, about four miles from Borris-o- Leigh. Pop. 1304. Fairs : June 9, Aug. 6, and Nov. 27. No. 38. From Dublin to CALEDON. Through Ar- dee, Keady, and Tynan. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda* as at No. 1. 23£ Tynan . . 65 Castle Blayney*, as at No. 7- • • 5l£ Caledon 6G£ Keady*. 58| TYNAN is a small post town in the county of Armagh, having a handsome church and spire. In the churchyard is a curious stone. Near this stands the fine seat of Sir James Stronge, Bart. Pop. 243. CALEDON, in Tyrone, is a post town, built near the Blackwater river. Fairs are held at Caledon almost every month. This is a remarkably neat town, with an excellent No. 39. DUBLIN TO CARLINGFORD. 217 inn. Its noble proprietor, Lord Caledon, has built a market house and well constructed shambles : he has also built, at great expense, very extensive flour mills upon the most approved principle. There are only a few houses where whisky is allowed for sale in the town. On the whole, for so small a town, it impresses one with an idea of the comfort of the inhabitants, and the judicious care of its noble resident proprietor. Pop. 1079. Fairs : Second Saturday, monthly. Inn : Taylor's. Seats : Caledon House, a fine mansion and demesne, the property of the Earl of Caledon. No. 39. From Dublin to CARLINGFORD. Through Drogheda, Castle Bellingham, and Dundalk. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk, as at No. 1. 40£ Carlingford 52* Beyond Dundalk the traveller crosses the river Flurry, which abounds with trout and salmon. CARLINGFORD is a market and post town, in the county of Louth, situated on a bay three miles in length. The interior of the harbour is commodious and safe, but the entrance is rather dangerous, from rocks in the mid passage. The fishery is considerable, and the oysters of the bay are much esteemed. This town is not large, but was an Irish borough previous to the Union ; its govern- ment is in a sovereign. It has an ancient church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and some antique ruins. On the south side of the town is a monastery, founded by De Burgh, Earl of Ulster, in the beginning of the 14th century; it was granted in perpetuity to Nicholas Bagnel, without any quit rent reserved ; it is quite in a ruinous condition. 218 No. 40. DUBLIN TO CARLOW Carlingford Castle, built in 1210, by King John, occupies a bold and commanding site, on a rock projecting into the harbour; the remaining walls are of surprising solidity, being 11 feet thick. There are many vestiges of castellated dwellings throughout the headland on which Carlingford is built : this was a post of so much importance in early ages, that the passage of this water was everywhere defended by forts and towers from the inroads of the northern tribes. The fastnesses of the mountainous districts assisted in the defence of the English Pale, and the first settlers maintained their acquisitions by the sword and embattled dwellings. There are many foundations and walls of these strong buildings on the rocky promontory terminating in Cooly Point, and also some raths of the earlier inhabitants. A burial ground and old chapel crown the top of the hill near the town. The Carlingford range skirts the north shores of Dundalk bay, and presents a magnificent barrier, visible to a great distance from the Dublin road. These elevated mountains obscure the town so much, that the sun is hid at an early hour of the evening ; but the prospect eastward is unimpeded, so that the Isle of Man is oc- casionally seen in fine weather. The Mourne mountains across the harbour are equally majestic. Carlingford gives the title of Viscount to the family of Carpenter. Pop. 1319. Market day : Saturday. Fair : Oct. 10. No. 40. From Dublin to CARLOW. Through Rath- coole, Naas, and Castledermot. Miles, Dublin to Carlow, as at No. 27. 39 219 No. 41. From Dublin to CARNEW. Through Rathdrum. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Aghrim* as at No. 206. • • • • 32 Carnew 44 Tinnahely* 38 CARNEW is a village and post station, in the county of Wicklow. Near it are some fine ruins of a castle. Two miles farther the Tinnahely joins its rapid stream with the Derry. Near this is the village of Shilelagh, which, with the barony, receives name from the ancient oak forest of this district. Shilelagh is forty-five miles from Dublin, by a road through Tinnahely. The mountainous tracts of the baronies of Balinacor and Talbotstown are supposed to contain many mineral veins. Pop. 826. Fairs : Feb. 15, April 1, July 1, second Thursday in August, Oct. 1, Nov. 19, and Dec. 22. No. 42. From Dublin to CARRICK on SHANNON. Through Mullingar, Longford, and Rusky Bridge. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad*, as at No. 98. • • 29J Carrick on Shannon*, as at No. 185. 77 No. 43. From Dublin to CARRICK on SUIR. First Road. Through Naas, Castle Dermot, and Gowran. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. L ciglilin Bridge*, as at No. 27. 45 Carrick on Suir*, as at No. 83. 74i 220 No. 44. From Dublin to CARRICK-on-SUIR. Second Road. Through Naas, Athy, and Kilkenny. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Mila. Kilcullen* as at No. 27. • • • • 21 Kells 61£ Athy 32i Kilmagany* 67 Castle Comer • • • 45^r Carrick-on-Suir* • • • • 74£ Kilkenny* 55 ATHY is a market and post town in Kildare, on the river Barrcw, and is governed by a sovereign and bailiffs. Passage boats arrive at Athy daily, by the grand canal. The church was built in 1740. Here likewise is a county court house, with a gaol, the assizes being held here and at Naas alternately, and a handsome and spacious market house. There is also a Roman Catholic chapel, a Quaker's meeting house, a school and dispensary. The remains of Woodstock Castle and some monasteries are seen in the town. The Crutched friary was founded in the reign of John, and the Dominican friary, which stood east of the bridge, in 1253. The town is the property of the Duke of Leinster. On the brow of a hill three miles from Athy, on the Kilcullen road, is seen the Moat of Jrdshull, where the Scots, under Edward, the brother of Robert Bruce, ob- tained a victory in 1315. At Rhe ban, two miles distant, is a square entrenched mound; and there are several large raths in this neighbourhood. Above six miles be3^ond Athy is seen New Castle, in ruins, and three miles farther, Doonane coalpits. Pop. 4494. Market day : Tuesday. Fairs: March 17, April 25, June 9, July 25, Oct. 10, and Dec. 11. Inn: The Leinster Arms. CASTLE COMER is a market and post town in Kilkenny. This town was partly burnt in 1798, and was No. 45. DUBLIN TO CASHEL. 221 a scene of action during the rebellion. The pits of Kil- kenny coal at this place belong to the Hon. C. H. Butler Wandesford, and in the vicinity is his fine mansion, formerly the residence of Lady Ormond, surrounded by magnificent woods. The public buildings are the market house, a handsome church and steeple, a Roman Catholic chapel, an infirmary, extensive barracks, and a dispensary. Here is a court for the recovery of small debts, a savings bank, and a loan fund. This is a great market for butter and coals. In Castle Comer there is a respectable academy for young gentlemen. Pop. 2436. Market days: Tuesday, for butter, and Saturday, general. Fairs : March 27, May 3, June 21, Aug. 21, Sept. 25, Oct. 28, and Dec. 14. Inn: the Wan- desford Inn. KELLS, in Kilkenny, is a pretty town, and was for- merly of much importance. Tlie priory, of which vestiges still exist, was founded in the reign of Richard I. ; the prior of Kells, sat in the Irish house of peers previous to the Reformation. Pop. 482. Fair : July 13. No. 45. From Dublin to CASHEL. Through New- bridge, Maryborough, and Urlingford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Maryborough*, as at No. 3. 40 Cashel*, as at No. 54. 76| u 3 222 No. 46. From Dublin to CASTLEBLANEY. Through Slane, Ardee, and Carrickmacross. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. SJane* as at No, 157. ■••••• 24 Laggan Bridge 38i Grange Fortescuc* 27h Carrickmacross* • • • 42£ Ardea* 33 Castleblaney* • • • 51 Clonkeen 36 Except for the intercourse of the inhabitants of these places, this road is seldom travelled. No. 47. From Dublin to CASTLE LAGHAN. Through Lanesborough, Ballaghy, and Belleek. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad*, as at No. 98. » • 29h Killala* as at No. 122. • • • • 127 Mullingar* 38* Castle Laghan 132* CASTLE LAGHAN is in a romantic and pleasant situation, near a haven on the coast of Mayo. Fair : Whit- Monday. On the road from Killala are the ruins of several mo- nasteries, and of Ratlibran Abbey. At Castle Laghan is a fine villa of the Palmer family, and in the neighbourhood are several gentlemen's houses. Beyond the town, near the headland of Downpatrick, distant several miles, there is in the cliffs a fine arch, formed by the beating of the surge. Here also are vestiges of fortifications. No. 48. From Dublin to CASTLE- MARTYR. First Road. Through Clonmel, Cappoquin, Lismore, and Tallow. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Clonmel* as at No. 27. • • • • 81| Aghadoe 111£ Tallow*, as at No. 68. • • • • 104i Killeagh 112 Mount Uniacke 1 09 J Castle-Martyr 114| Castletown 110 CASTLETOWN, in Cork. Here and at Mount Uniacke are the seats of the Uniacke family. Pop. 314. Fairs : Jan. I, Easter Tuesday, May 12, and Sept. 4. KILLEAGH, is a post town in the county of Cork. Pop. 698. Fairs : June 13, and Nov. 12. CASTLE- MARTYR, a post town in Cork, is a dis- franchised borough. It gives the title of Baron to the Boyle family. The Earl of Shannon has a magnificent seat here, with excellent gardens and green-house. An ancient castle is seen amidst the trees of the demesne. Castle-Martyr has a good charter school, founded by this noble family, a spinning school, a well-built and handsome church, and an alms house. Its manufactures are con- siderable. A canal nearly surrounds the town. Pop. 830. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : May 2, and Oct. 2. Inn: the Royal Hibernian Hotel. No. 49. From Dublin to CASTLE-MARTYR. Second Road. Through Clonmel, and Clogheen. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Fermoy*, as at No. 27. 108 Castle-Martyr* 123£ Castle-Lyons Ill CASTLE-LYONS, a post town anciently named Castle Lehan, is a well-built market town of Cork, situated in the 224 No. 50. DUBLIN TO CASTLE POLLARD. fertile vale on the banks of the Bride. The abbey founded here in 1307 is in ruins. The castle of the O'Lehans is demolished, and on its site is the antiquated mansion of the Barrymore family. David, the first Lord Barrymore, received the possessions of the abbey from the hands of his father-in-law, the Earl of Cork. The church is a handsome edifice, and in the churchyard is a marble statue of James, Earl of Barrymore, a distinguished nobleman of the time of Queen Anne. There is also a free school ; and half a mile distant is a Roman Catholic chapel. There is a considerable linen manufacture carried on here. Pop. 689. Fairs: Jan. 1, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Monday, Aug. 28, Sept. 29, and Nov. 16. No. 50. From Dublin to CASTLE POLLARD. Through Trim, Castletown Delvin, and May- pole. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Trim* as at No. 186. 22£ Maypole 47 Castletown Delvin 35£ Castle Pollard 49 CASTLETOWN DELVIN is a post town of West- meath, having an ancient castle ruin and a moat ; a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a market house, and a dispen- sary. The townlands in this vicinity are fertile and the crops productive and luxuriant. Near Castletown Delvin is Clonyn, the seat of the Marquis of Westmeath. Pop. 419. Fairs: May 1, Aug. 1, and Dec. 1. CASTLE POLLARD is a small post town of West- meath. A mile from it is the fine seat of Lord Longford y called Packenham Hall, the family name of his lordship being Packenham. No. 53. DUBLIN TO CHARLEMONT. 22a Pop. 1618. Fairs: May 21, Aug. 1, Oct. 10, and Dec. 10. Two miles from Castle Pollard is FOWRE, an ancient borough, famous, according to the popular tradition of the county, as a seat of learning. Here is Lough Lane, or Lene, with an island in it of some celebrity. Fairs : Jan. SO, April 30, and August 24. No. 51. From Dublin to CAVAN. First Road. Through Dunshaughlin, Navan, and Kells. Miles. Dublin to Cavan*, as at No. 80 54 No. 52. From Dublin to CAVAN. Second Road. Through Trim, Athboy, and Ballinanaght. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ballinanaght*, as at No. 186. 54£ Cavan* 59 No. 53. From Dublin to CHARLEMONT. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*, as at No. 1. 40£ Rich-hill* 62* Hamilton's Bawn*, as at Loughgall 66 No. 158. 60h Charlemont* 69* LOUGHGALL is a pleasing village and post town in the county of Armagh, having a well-built church. Two miles beyond it is the mansion of Summer Island ; cross the Callan river by a bridge on the road to Charlemont. 226 No. 54. DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. Pop. 325. Fairs: on Ascension-day, June 19, July 1, Sep. 4, and Dec. 29. CHARLEMONT, as at No. 61, is 68 J miles. To Charlemont by Rich-hill, the road is half a mile nearer than by Loughgall. No. 54. From Dublin to CHARLEVILLE. Through Kildare, Maryborough, and Cashel. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Maryborough*, as at No. 3. • • 40 Thorn astown 81 % Ballyroan 44J Tipperary » 86f Durrow 51§ Ballymanlagh 91| Urlingford 61 J Knocklong 97£ Ballymoreen 68| Kilmallock 103£ Cashel 76'| Charleville 108 BALLYROAN is a village in Queen's County, and has a charter school and church. Four miles farther see Abbey Leix, the beautiful mansion of Viscount de Vesci, on the banks of the river Nore ; the park abounds with fine timber. The village of Abbey Leix had a celebrated mo- nastery, founded in 1183, by O' Moore, the chief of a pow- erful sept. Of the cathedral of Aghaboe, near Abbey Leix, the chancel is the principal vestige. Pop. 714. Fairs : Jan. 6, April 2, May 15, 3rd Wed- nesday in July, Aug. 15, and Nov. 25. DURROW, is a post town of Kilkenny. The left-hand road at Ballyroan leads to the town of Ballinakill, which is three miles from Durrow ; by making this detour ', the road is half a mile longer than the first mentioned line to Dur- row. In the handsome town square is the entrance to the castle, the ancient residence of Lord Ashbrook, whose eldest No. 54. DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. 227 son, the Hon. Charles Flower Walker, resides there ; and near this is a Roman Catholic chapel. Durrow is celebra- ted for its excellent hotel, which is the largest country inn in Ireland, and has been fitted up in the most comfortable manner by its patron, the Hon. Mr. Walker ; being nearly central, and on the most direct line of road, it is considered the best halting place between Dublin and Cork. At Ballinakill, and again at Durrow, a road on the left hand conducts through the town of Ballyragget to Kil- kenny, a distance of fifteen miles, Durrow is seated on a stream called the Erkna, near which are extensive flour mills, and possesses very picturesque environs. It forms a portion of Kilkenny, lying within the boundary of Queen's County. Pop. 1298. Fairs : Feb. 2, March 4, April 16, on the 2nd Thursdays O. S. in May, and November; also July 3, and Oct. 8. Seats : IVater Castle ; Castle Wood, Also Castle Dur- row, the ancient and splendid residence of Viscount Ash- brooke. The woods of this fine demesne extend for three miles on the route to Urlingford. See the ruins of Macldin Castle, and of CullyhUl Castle. At Fertagh, four miles and a half from Durrow, may be seen a high round tower, and a ruinous gothic church. Beggar's Inn, is a village in Kilkenny, six miles from Durrow. Balhjspellan chalybeate spa is to the left of this route, and has a great reputation. Johnstown, a post town in Kilkenny, is eight miles from Durrow, and scarcely two from Urlingford ; it has some handsome houses for the accommodation of those who resort to Ballyspellan Spa. One mile from Johnstown is Fowkscourt, the seat of the Hely family. Pop. of Johnstown 87-3. 228 No. 54. DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. URLINGFORD, a post town in Kilkenny. At this town is an Augustine convent in ruins, founded in 1306. The course, on which races are held annually, surrounds a green knoll, from which there is a good view of the adjacent country, interspersed with large tracts of bog. One mile beyond Urlingford, entering Tipperary, across the Erkna rivulet, see the castle and church of Fennor, both in ruins. Two miles beyond Longford Pass, see the ruin of a church, and also a new-built church with a hand- some spire at Leigh. A road to the right leads to Thurles. Pop. 1366. Fairs: Monthly. BALLYMOREEN, in Tipperary, is a village with the ruin of a castle. In its neighbourhood are the ruins of Ballyh°g Castle near Ballydaird, and of Moycarthy Castle. Killough Hill is very conspicuous at about three miles before arriving at Cashel ; see also Newpark, a very beautiful mansion and demesne. CASHEL, in Tipperary, once the capital of the kings of Munster, is an ancient city and post town, situated three miles from the river Suir. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, and bailiffs, and is a borough, returning a mem- ber to parliament. It has the remains of a venerable ca- thedral, abandoned in 1 750, when its roof was barbarously taken off. The modern cathedral is a handsome edifice of Grecian architecture, and is adorned with a lofty spire. The Episcopal palace is of brick, and within its quadrangle the Archbishop has a library, containing the celebrated Psalter of Cashel, in the Irish tongue, a chronicle which was compiled about A.D. 900, byCormac M'Culinan, King and Archbishop of Cashel. The beautiful chapel in which Cormac preached, is one of the earliest stone structures of this kingdom ; it is a ruin close to the ancient cathedral, which crowns the precipice of the rock. The founder of No. 54. DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. 229 this splendid cathedral was Donald O'Brien, brother of Morough O'More, king of Minister, a.d. 1169. The architecture of both edifices, appears to be an imitation of some Grecian models, rather than Gothic. They were ornamented with fine tombs and sculptures : the mate- rial of the old cathedral was black marble. The labour of the antiquarian or admirer of the picturesque, in ascending, by a serpentine path, the Rock of Cashel, is well rewarded by viewing these magnificent buildings, with their picturesque accompaniments : he may also in- spect the pillared crypt, above 50 feet long, and a round tower, built of freestone. St. Patrick founded the first church on this rock. The Lia Fail, or coronation stone of the kings of Munster, is reported to have been sent from Cashel for the coronation of Fergus, King of Scotland, and was transferred from Scone to Westminster Abbey by king Edward I. Descend the rock to the mag- nificent ruin of Hore Abbey. In the town are the ruins of a friary of St. Dominick, founded in 1243, the abbey of St. Francis, and the hospital of St. Nicholas. There are also considerable vestiges of the ancient city walls, and two gates. The public buildings of Cashel are, the church, the Roman Catholic chapel, Methodist chapel, infirmary, the barracks, the court house and prison, erected in 1818, the market house, and charter school. Cashel, besides having been a regal seat, was a very populous place ; its history is varied and interesting, and is filled with records of incendiary invasions. Athassel Abbey, on the banks of the Suir, three miles from Cashel, was founded in 1200, by William Fitz- Adelm. The ruins are still extensive ; the nave and choir measured 117 feet in length. The tower is of con- x 230 No. 54. DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. siderable altitude, and the ruins of the cloisters and chapel excite admiration. Athassel was twice burned by an armed force. Emly, giving name to the adjunct see of this Arch- bishopric, was once a famous city, and the metropolitan church of Munster. Emly church was founded in the fifth century, by St. Ailbe; in 1123 this city was burned by marauders ; it remained a place of note and opulence, until 1568, when the bishopric of Emly was united with the see of Cashel ; its situation is fourteen miles west of Cashel, on the verge of the county. The cloud-capped Galtees skirt the undulating plains of Cashel. Pop. 6971. Market-days: Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: monthly; also March 26, Aug. 7, Sep. 9, and Nov. 3. Inns : Ryall's, and Ryan's. Golden, or Golden bridge, a post town in Tipperary, is a picturesque village, three miles and a half from Cashel, and a mile from the magnificent abbey of Athassel. Here is a ruined castle near the Suir. Seats : Lishean, Earl of Clanwilliam, whose fine stables are at Ballygriffin ; Suir Castle, Lord Massey's, a noble residence, is on the bank of the Suir. At Golden Bridge is the Castle Inn THOMASTOWN is a village in the county of Tip- perary. Here are ruins of two ancient castles, and the mansion of the Earl of Llandaff, which, in the time of his Lordship's ancestor, Mr. Matthew, was esteemed the most splendid residence in the kingdom. The park is extremely beautiful, and consists of above 2000 acres, ornamented with old timber, and extensive plantations. Pop. 155. TIPPERARY, a thriving market and post town, in the county of Tipperary, agreeably situated, and within a few No. 54. DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. 231 miles of a range of hills which divide the counties of Tip- perary and Limerick, consists principally of one long street. It has a very handsome modern church, with an elegant spire, a dispensary, and numerous schools. An Augustine monastery was founded here about 1230. Pop. 6972. Market-day : Thursday. Fairs : April 5, June 24, Oct. 10, and Dec. 10. Inns : the King's Arms, and Globe. BALLYMANLAGH, in Tipperary. Two miles and a half farther, the traveller enters the county of Limerick. KNOCKLONG, in Limerick. Seats near this vil- lage : Castle Jane, Elton, Mount Coote, and a castle ruin. KILMALLOCK, a post town in Limerick, is a deserted city, near the river Maig ; it returned two members to the Irish parliament. It has been sometimes called the Balbec of Ireland, from its numerous remains, consisting of walls, gates, streets, castles, monasteries, and a round tower. It is sixteen miles from Limerick. Pop. 1213. Fairs r Feb. 21, March 25, Whit-Tuesday, June 12, July 6, Nov. 8, and Dec. 4. Inn: the Free- mason's Arms. CHARLEVILLE is a market and post town in Cork, and is a great thoroughfare between the important out- ports of Limerick and Cork. It was a borough until the Union. Part of the town is in Limerick, across a small river, which, for a short distance, divides the two counties. The objects worthy of notice are, the church, the charter school, the free school, and the cavalry barracks. The Protestant church is plain, and the Roman Catholic chapel is a large and commodious structure ; there is also an ex- tensive brewery. See the ruin of Cragane Castle, on the Kilmallock road. Pop. 4766. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs: Oct. 10, and Nov. 12. Inns : the King's Arms, and the New Inn. 232 No. 55. From Dublin to CLOUGH. Through Drog- heda, Newry, and Antrim. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Antrim*, as at No. I. 83 Broughshane 95 Kells* 89i Clough* 100* Craigbilly • . • c 93 CRAIGBILLY, in the county of Antrim, is seated on the summit of a hill, surrounded by a rich and fertile valley. Craigbilly wood was the last remaining portion of the old forests of this county, and consists now of a tract of pasture land and nut-bushes, washed at the foot of the de- clivity by the branch of the Main water, which flows from the Slemish mountain to Ballymena, and thence to Lough Neagh. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel, erected on ground granted by J. Hamilton O'Hara, Esq. The man- sion of Crebilly is surrounded by excellent gardens and plantations, and the hills of Cross, Dunivaddin, and Greenhill, form an amphitheatre above the hill of Crebilly. Fairs : June 26, and Aug. 21. BROUGHSHANE, is a neat village and post town of Antrim, having a small church and steeple, a bridge across the Main river, and some beetling-mills. From Broughshane to Ballymena, the nearest market is four miles by Crebilly ; but the distance on the level by the river and Ballygarvy, where there are two moats, is much shorter : there is a third road, still shorter, recently completed. Broughshane has a race-ground ; be- yond it, distant one mile and a half, is Skerries Hill, with a small ruin of a chapel, and a cemetery on the summit. No 57. DUBLIN TO CLONMEL. 233 Seats : Tullymore Lodge, completely secluded by stately timber, the residence of the Hon. General J. B. O'Neill, M.P. ; Whitehall, the mansion of Captain White. This is a good sporting country, and the cloud-capped summit of Slemish hill is seen in every variety of form above the valley. Pop. 828. Fairs: June 17, Sept. 1. No. 56. From Dublin to CLOGHER. Through Ar= DEE, MONAGHAN, and AuGHER. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda*, as at No. 1. 23 J Augher* as at No. 143. 75£ Castleblayney*, as at No. 7 51 h Clogher 76| CLOGHER, an ancient episcopal see, and a post town of Tyrone, is now a mere village. The episcopal palace is the chief building. The see of Louth was united to Clogher in the eleventh century, and the cathedral has been con- verted into a parish church. In ancient times the Druids are supposed to have dwelt in this place. An ancient abbey here was consumed by fire in 1396. Pop. 523. Fairs : Monthly ; also May 6 and July 26. No. 57. From Dublin to CLONMEL. Through Kil- dare, Maryborough, and Urlingford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Maryborough*, as at No. 3. 40 Fethard - . . 784: Urlingford*, as at No. 54. • • 61* Clonmel* 85 Killynaule 72£ x 3 234 No. 58. DUBLIN TO CLONM1NES. KILLYNAULE, is a post town in Tipperary, half way between Cashel and Callan ; so that it is a considerable thoroughfare. It has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. The collieries are here worked to great advantage. The glebehouse of Killynaule parish is distant two miles, at Upham, where there is an ancient castle ruin. Many handsome seats surround the town, and the town- lands adjacent are fertile and beautiful. Pop. 1578. Fairs: Jan. 1, March 25, May 14, June 24, Aug. 14, Oct. 15. Inn : the King's Arms. FETHARD is a market and post town in the county of Tipperary, with an ancient and handsome church, and a neat, modern, Gothic Roman Catholic chapel. There are remains of three gates, and of the high town walls ; and the Augustine abbey of Fethard is an elegant ancient structure, part of which is still used as a Catholic chapel. The Pres- byterian meeting house, the school house, barracks, and a handsome Tholsel, are the other public edifices. Fethard is a corporate town, and returned members to the Irish Parliament ; it is governed by a sovereign and recorder. Pop. 3405. Market day : Saturday. Fairs i April 20, Friday before Trinity Sunday, Sept. 7, Nov. 21. Seat : Grove, William Barton, Esq., proprietor of part of the town. Ancient Ruins : KilnocJcin Castle, near Killynaule ; and a castle ruin, distant two miles and a half, on the Clonmel road, in the midst of a plantation. No. 58. From Dublin to CLONMINES. Through Gorey, Kyle, and Wexford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Wexford*, as at No. 204 66h Clonmines 80£ Baldwin's Town* • 74 No. 59. DUBLIN TO CLOUGH. 235 CLONMINES, or BANNOW, a post town in Wexford, situated at the head of Bannow Bay, was a borough town, returning members to the Irish parliament. It has the ruins of an abbey, and vestiges of seven churches. Near Bridgetown, a village in the direction of Wexford, there is an old castle. Across the Scare ferry are several ruins of castles, built by the English adventurers. No. 59. From Dublin to CLOUGH. Through Drog- HEDA and DUNDALK. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Caslle to Miles, Newry*, as at No 1 50J Annalong 69£ Narrow-water • 54£ Newcastle 75£ Warren's Point* 55| Dundrum 78| Rostrevor 57i Clough* 81 Kilkeel 65 NARROW-WATER, a neat village of Down, on the Newry river, serves as a port to the town of Newry. Near the ferry is Narrow-water Castle, built upon a bold rock. It belonged to the Knights Templars, and when in pre- servation, commanded this land-locked harbour. It was some time since converted into a salt work, and more recently into a kennel for a pack of hounds. Near this place commences the canal which communicates with Lough Neagh. Fairs: Jan. 17, and Oct. 2. ROSSTREVOR, in Down, is a post town and sea-bath- ing place of remarkable beauty, and is much frequented. This place was the seat of the Trevor family, but is now the property of David Ross, Esq. : hence, from the union of the families, it derives its name. It is situated at the north-cast end of Carlingford Bay, surrounded by groves 236 No. 59. DUBLIN TO CLOUGH. and villas; the white cottages appear built on romantic levels, and the mountain, rising from the water's edge, is covered with oaks and ash- trees ; indeed, few objects can surpass Rosstrevor Hill for the beauty of its outline, and the interest of the surrounding prospects, Here is a fine an- chorage close to the shaded banks of the sheltered bay ; and hence may be seen the monument in honour of General Ross. The potteries and salt-pans are worthy of notice. From the quay is a favourite walk along the bay. There is a market house, and excellent hot and cold baths, situated on the quay. The church is a neat building in the Gothic style, with a tower ; and the Roman Catholic chapel is at the upper end of the town ; also a school house and library, besides several paper mills and bleach greens in the neigh- bourhood. It has a good inn. Kilbreny is one mile distant ; and in this neighbourhood is the once -important hold called Green Castle. Rosstrevor is a delightful station for excursions amidst stupendous hills, of great interest to the painter and to the botanist. Pop. 996. Market Day : Tuesday. Fairs : Monday before Ash Wednesday, Easter Tuesday, Whit Tuesday, Aug. 1, Sept. 19, Nov. I, Dec. 11. Inn: the King's Arms. KILKEEL is a post town of Down, situated near the coast. From the hills are fine prospects of the sea, the Isle of Man, and the heights of the Scottish and West- moreland coasts. It has been much improved by the pro- prietor, Lord Kilmorey, who has a summer residence in the vicinity. There is a handsome church, meeting house, and Roman Catholic chapel. The light house on this coast is a fine building, 120 feet high. Pop. 1039. Fairs : first Tuesday in Feb. May, Aug. and Nov. ANN ALONG in Down, is a village built near the sea- shore, on a rivulet. No. 60. DUBLIN TO CLOYNE. 237 NEWCASTLE is a small town of Down, on the south shore of Dundrum bay, and is much frequented for sea- bathing. It has cold and warm shower-baths. The sea prospect is delightful, and although the mountains in the vicinity are sterile, they are awfully grand. There is no district more sublime, or replete with romantic scenery, than the barony of Mourne. At the foot of Slieve Donard, a mountain, just above this village, is an old castle in ruin, vide page 208. Pop. 987. DUNDRUM is a village of Down, at the head of a wide bay of the same name. Upon a rock is the extensive ruin of the castle built by the powerful baron John de Courcy, who first undertook the conquest of Ulster. It was in the hands of the Knights Templars, and was granted by the crown to Thomas Lord Cromwell, whose son was Lord Le- cale, a title derived from the neighbouring barony. It stood several sieges, being garrisoned by the Magennises, but was finally dismantled by Oliver Cromwell's army. The Mar- quess of Downshire has erected baths here, and has also built an excellent inn, Fairs : May 12, Oct. 10. At Sliddenjford, near Dundrum, is a Druidical circle. No. 60. From Dublin to CLOYNE. Through Clonmel, Fermoy, and Middleton. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Fermoy*, as at No. 27. 108 Middleton 122 Rathcormack* Ill Cloyne •••• 125* MIDDLETON is a neat market and post town of Cork, and was formerly a borough, returning a member to the Irish parliament. It has a sovereign, bailiffs, and twelve burgesses. The modern edifices are well built and elegant. 238 No. 60. FROM DUBLIN TO CLOYNE. The free school, in which Curran received the rudiments of learning, the church, the Roman Catholic chapel, the mar- ket house, surmounted by a cupola, and the extensive bar- racks, formerly a cloth manufactory, but now the property of Lord Middleton, are the chief buildings. The castle of the Fitzgeralds erected in 1645, is not in existence, but the splendid residence of the Marquess of Thomond, Rostellan castle, occupies its site. The neighbouring lands are exceed- ingly fertile, and limestone is found in the valleys. Near this town is a curious cave. Seat : Viscount Middleton' s. Pop. 2034. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs : May 14, July 5, Oct. 10, Nov. 22. Inn : the King's Arms. CLOYNE, an ancient see, in the county of Cork, is a handsome market and post town. The venerable cathedral has a nave and side aisles, the former of which is one hun- dred and twenty feet in length. It contains an epitaph on Miss Adams, written by the late Mrs. Piozzi ; and a num- ber of ancient monuments. The rath at Cloyne is near the cathedral ; and there is also a round tower, ninety feet high. The bishoprick was once dependent upon that of Cork, but was disunited in 1638, and has since then had its own bishops. The episcopal residence is good. Many of the livings in this see have large revenues, through the union of several into one. The abbey was founded A.D. 707, and the first church was built here at the close of the sixth century. Seat: Castle Mary, one mile from Cloyne, is the man- sion of Mr. Longfield. Here may be seen a Druid's altar ; it is a stone fifteen feet long, eight broad, and nine high. Pop. 2227. Market Day: Saturday. Fairs: Feb. 24, Whit Tuesday, Dec. 5. Inn : the Three Tuns. 239 No. 61. From Dublin to COLERAINE. First Road. Through Charlemont, Moneymore, and Maghera, Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*. as at No. l.« •• • 40s Desartrnartin 88 Armagh*, as at No. 6. 62J Tubbermore 90^ Blackwater To-vm* 66h Maghera 92§ Charlemont ■ 68i Swatteragh 96f Killynian Church 71i Garvagh 100£ Coal Island 74£ A ghadoey Bridge 103J SteTvartstown ■ • • . 77 Coleraine • • • 109^ Moneymore 83| CHARLEMONT is a market and corporate town of Armagh, and was formerly an Irish borough. The town is governed by a portreeve and twelve burgesses, and has a Methodist chapel, and a Sunday school. It is a military depot, and has barracks for infantry, as well as a fort, which is the residence of the governor. The linen manu- facture flourishes in the vicinity. Pop. 527. Market Day: Saturday. Fairs: May 12, Aug. 16, and Nov. 12. The traveller then crosses the Blackwater, which is navigable here, by a stone bridge of five arches, and enters Tyrone at MOY, which is a post town, and has a famous monthly fair for horses and cattle. The church, built in 1819, is a fine stone structure, with a handsome steeple ; there are also meeting houses. The Roman Catholic chapel is at Gorestown, a mile distant. Pop. of Moy : 902. Fairs : first Friday monthly. COAL ISLAND is a post town of Tyrone, on the bank of the canal from Dungannon to Lough Neagh. Here are coalpits. A mile distant are the ruins of Roughan Castle. 40 No. 61. DUBLIN TO COLERAINE. STEWARTSTOWN is a thriving market and post town of Tyrone. In the centre of the town is the market house ; and there is a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and two meeting houses ; schools, and a dispensary. About two miles distant is Stewart Hall, the seat of the Earl of Castle Stewart, with a fine park. Pop. 1010. Market Day: Wednesday. Fairs: monthly. MONEYMORE is a town of Londonderry, between which and Lough Neagh is a great ridge, called the Slieve Gallion Mountain. Its dark-blue slopes are seen from the adjacent counties at a distance of forty miles. Money- more has been recently very much improved by the Dra- pers' Company of London, ^to whom it belongs. It now possesses a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a Presby- terian meeting house, two free schools, and a handsome market house, with ball and news rooms, and an admirable inn and dispensary. Pop. 102/). Market Day : Friday. Fairs: 21st of each month. Inn: the Draper's Arms. Seat: Springhill, with . well-planted grounds. DESARTMARTIN is a village of Londonderry, near a small branch of the River Mayola. It has a good church. Two miles beyond it is the church and Glebe House of Kilcronaghan. Pop. 257. TUBBERMORE is a small post town, near the River Mayola. There are some good houses, amongst others Fort William and Clover Hill. Pop. 679. MAGHERA is a small post town of Londonderry. It has a stone church, built in 1820, a Lancasterian school, a meeting house, and barracks ; also a Roman Catholic chapel, about a mile from the town. The door- way of the old church, part of which still remains, is curiously sculp- tured. The Braeface, a tract of land on this side of No. 61. DUBLIN TO COLERAINE. 241 Carntogher Mountains, is adorned with pretty cottages, and fine hawthorns, that tree is esteemed sacred by the peasantry, who dread the enmity of its guardian sprite, in case it be lopped or cut down. The valley of the Mayola is beautiful, and here are some moats and raths. Pop. 1154. Market Days: Tuesday; and Friday for corn. There are six fairs in the year. SWATTERAGH is a village in the county of Lon- donderry. Pop. 214. Fairs : Mar. 3, May 17, July 17, and Dec. 3. GARVAGH, on the river x\givey, in Londonderry, is a post town in a charming situation. The Canning family, long settled here, has acquired the title of Garvagh ; and here is the handsome residence of Lord Garvagh. Bovaugh Castle is an ancient ruin on the side of the river ; it be- longs to the Beresford family, AGHADOEY BRIDGE has a church and glebe house, and many gentlemen's seats. Four miles beyond it, approaching Coleraine, is Maauasquin church. COLERAINE, a corporate, market, and post town, and barony of Londonderry, was formerly made a county in itself, by Sir John Perrot. The town is governed by a mayor, alder- men, and burgesses. Colonel Hanger, of eccentric and sport- ing fame, was Baron Coleraine : the title is now extinct. It is a borough returning a member to Parliament, and is seated on the Bann, about four miles from its mouth. The current of this river is so strong, that the tide of the sea does not ascend far, nor is the navigation good, so that, as a port, Coleraine is inferior to Portrush, where the custom house is established. Coleraine is famous for the manufacture of linen, and is well known to travellers, as the chief town, within nine miles of the Giant's Causeway. There are several tan yards and soap works. About a mile distant is Y 242 No. 61. DUBLIN TO COLERAINE. a celebrated Salmon Leap, near Mr. Richardson's mansion ; and from the bridge there is a fine view of the dilapidated house, called Jackson Hall. Coleraine has large barracks, a plain market house, above which the sessions are held, a small rath, and a church pleasantly situated ; meeting houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, and several schools. In the centre of the town is a handsome square, called the Diamond, where the markets are held. It formerly pos- sessed a castle, built in 1213; and St. Mary's Abbey was founded here in 1244. The vicinity of the town, particu- larly on the Antrim side of the river, is very pleasant. The salmon-fishing here begins in March, and continues till August. There are also two eel-fisheries on the Bann, beginning in September, and a steam vessel is intended to ply between this and Liverpool. Portrush, within a few miles of Coleraine, is much fre- quented as a bathing place. Portstewart also is a very pretty and flourishing place, three miles distant, and eight from the Giant's Causeway, with a good inn. Portrush is situated under a promontory, and affords a most extensive view of the northern coast : the harbour is nearly com- pleted, and will be of great service to the trade of Cole- raine : it is intended to have a steamer between this and Glasgow. About two miles and a half from Coleraine is Craig-a- Huller, a curious range of basaltic pillars. Pop. 5752. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: May 12, July 5, and the first Tuesday in November. Inns : the Corpo- poration Arms; the Mail Coach Hotel; and the Traveller's Home, all so comfortable that it is difficult to draw a dis- tinction. 243 No. 62. From Dublin to COLERAINE. Second Road. Through Armagh, Coagh, and Bovaugh Bridge. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk* as at No. 1 40£ Maglierafelt * 88 Armagh*, as at No. 6 62i Kilrea* - • • 102 Charlemont* 68^ Bovaugh Bridge 104£ Stewartstown* 77 Coleraine ■• 1111 Coagh* • 82 BOVAUGH BRIDGE, in the county of Tyrone. A mile from this village, on the River Agivey, is Bovaugh Castle, a mansion belonging to the Marquess of Waterford. At Bovaugh Bridge is another mansion of the Beresfords. No. 63. From Dublin to COLERAINE. Third Road. Through Dundalk, Antrim, and Randalstown. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge *, as at No. 1 60J Randalstown 88 Lurgan * 67i Ballymoney 107^ Glenavy * 77 Coleraine* 114 Antrim * ■> 84 RANDALSTOWN, a post town in Antrim, is a small but pretty place, with a stone-bridge of nine arches, over the Main, adjoining which is an extensive cotton mill and bleach field. It has a market house and assembly room, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, a dis- pensary, and barracks. Near Randalstown is the finely- wooded demesne of Earl O'Neill; and two miles distant, on the shore of Lough Neagh, is Shane's Castle, which was burnt in 1816. It has since been repaired, Pop. 618. Market day: Wednesday. Fairs: July 16, Nov. 1. Inn : at the foot of the bridge. 244 No. 63. DUBLIN TO COLERAINE. Lough Neagh is a beautiful sheet of water, eighteen miles in length, and twelve in breadth, being as wide, though not so long, as the lake of Geneva : it is bounded by no less than five counties, Armagh, Tyrone, Londonderry, Down, and Antrim. The extent of its surface varies considerably, according to the season, but it is supposed to cover gene- rally about 100,000 English acres. In summer its depth is about fifty feet, and in winter about seven feet more. It contains large quantities of shad, churl or bodach, pike, roach, bream, and trout, and is periodically visited by salmon and eels. The char is also found here. The strand abounds with beautiful pebbles, which take a high polish. The waters of Lough Neagh have been noted for their heal- ing and petrifying qualities ; but according to recent expe- riments, undeservedly. The Lough contains two small islands, Blackwater Island, at the mouth of the river of that name, and Ram's Island, which is about three miles from the shore, which has been tastefully laid out by Lord O'Neill, who has also built on it a neat cottage. The latter contains a round tower, 40 feet high, and a cemetery. A boat to it may be obtained at the village of Crumlin. The scenery of the Lough is tame and monotonous, and the tourist must not expect to find in it the beauties of Killarney. BALLYMONEY is a market, post, and sessions town of Antrim, with a market house, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, and a school. A linen market is held on the first Thursday of each month, and there is a considerable trade in butter, for exportation from Belfast. Near this town, at the village of Agivey, is an iron sus- pension bridge, thrown across the Bann. Hence a road branches off to the Giantfs Causeway, seven miles shorter than that through Coleraine. Seats : Leslie Hill, and O'Hara's Brook* No. 64. DUBLIN TO COLERAINE. 245 Pop. 2222. Fairs : May 6, July 10, and Oct. 7. Inn : the King's Arms. No. 64. From Dublin to COLERAINE. Fourth Road. Through Dundalk, Antrim, and Portglenone. Dublin Castle io Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Antrim *, as at No. 1 83 Rasharkan 102} Randalstown* 88 Vow Ferry House 106} Grange 93} Coleraine * 115} Portglenone 97} THE GRxlNGE, in Antrim, is an extensive and fertile parish, in which a large quantity of poultry and turkeys is reared. PORTGLENONE is a market and post town of Antrim, situated on the Bann, over which is a stone bridge of seven arches. This river is broad and deep, and is the only stream that issues from Lough Beg and Lough Neagh. The late proprietor of this town, John Hamilton O'Hara, Esq., was interred in Portglenone church in 1822, which was built at the expense of his ancestor, Francis Hutchin- son, Bishop of Down and Connor. The mansion-house has been rebuilt, and the demesne, which extends along the river side, is covered by some large timber, and is now occupied by the Rt. Rev. N. Alexander, who rebuilt the house. Here are three meeting houses, and a good school house; the Catholic chapel is at some distance from the town. The views of the Derry mountains across the Bann are extremely striking and magnificent, whilst the imme- diate course of the valley along which this river winds is a rich undulating flat, finely varied. Eight neat cottages were built here for poor widows, by Charles Hamilton, Esq., who bequeathed a yearly maintenance for the inmates. Y 3 246 No. 65. DUBLIN TO COOTEHlLL. Pop. 773. Market day : Tuesday. Fairs : on the first Tuesday of each month. RASHARKAN is a village of Antrim, with a handsome church. Fair: November 16. No. 65. From Dublin to COOTEHILL. Through Navan and Newcastle. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Navan*, as at No. 80 235 Newcastle] 36J Killberry 26% Kingscourt 383 Cairnhill Turnpike 31| Shercock 44$ Nobber, ■ 33£ Cotehill* 52* KILBERRY, in Eastmeath. Two miles beyond the church in this village, there is an ancient ruin on the left hand of the road to Nobber. CATRNHILL TURNPIKE is half a mile beyond the church and glebe house of Castletown. NOBBER, in Eastmeath. In this post town the cele- brated blind bard, O'Carolan, was born in 1670. Pop. 371. Fairs: April 25, May 25, June 20, Aug. 15, Oct. 13, and Nov. 14. NEWCASTLE is a small town of Eastmeath. Near it is a small Lough. Inisheene church is one mile and a quarter to the right of this road. KINGSCOURT is a post town of Cavan, and has a neat church with a tower, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a me- thodist meeting house, and a dispensary. The town consists of one long street, in the middle of which is the market h ouse. Seats : Cormy Castle and Cabragh Castle, beautiful man- sions, about a mile distant on the north and south. No. 66. DUBLIN TO CORK. 247 hrouglone Lough is to the left of the present road, at the distance of three miles from the village ; a small Lough is seen by the road side, one mile farther. Pop. 1616. Market Day: Tuesday. Fairs: Good Friday, May 23, June 18, Aug. 1, Sept. 19, Nov. 3, Dec. 4 and 20. SHERCOCK is a small post town of Cavan. Here are two Lakes ; the larger of them is Lough Swillan, from which the river Annalee takes its rise, and flows in the direction of Coote Hill, passing the beautiful seats of Newgrove and Belle-Green. Pop. 348. Fairs : Feb. 4, April 4, Whit- Monday, July 2, Aug. 22, Sept. 28, Oct. 29, and Dec. 14. No. 66. From Dublin to CORK. First Road. Through Kildare, Maryborough, and Cashel. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Maryborough *, as at No. 3- • 40 Clogheen* $2 Cashel * as at No. 54 76| Cork * 122| Cahir -^ • . 85£ CAHIR is a market and post town, in the county of Tipperary, situated on the banks of the Suir. Across the river are the ruins of Cahir Abbey, built in the reign of King John; and in an island is Cahir Castle, originally built by Conan, King of Thomond, and monarch of Ireland. Cahir Castle, the mansion of the Earl of Glengall, whose demesne contains 560 acres, is situated upon the bank of the river: in one part of the grounds called Kilcommon, is the cottage, a spot of extraordinary beauty. Cahir contains a market house, a neat and well-propor- tioned gothic church, with a spire, erected in 1817, two Roman Catholic chapels, one large and splendid new chapel 248 No. 68. DUBLIN TO CORK. with a spire, a fever hospital, a dispensary, and a handsome school house, erected in 1818, near the church. Here is a factory for Tuscan straw bonnets. A weekly linen and yarn market was established in 1823, and large corn mills have lately been erected. Here also is a Dutch sieve ma- nufactory for cleaning flax seed, also a manufactory of straw-plat for bonnets. The cavalry barracks are situated a mile from Cahir. The environs of Cahir are delightful, and the florist will find much gratification in visiting the garden of Mr. Fennel, situated about four miles from the town. Seats : Lord GlengalPs, with a beautiful and extensive park. Pop. 3408. Market day: Friday. Fairs: Feb. 8, April 12, May 26, July 20, Sept. 18, Oct. 20. and Dec. 7. Inn: the Glengall Arms. No. 67. From Dublin to CORK. Second Road. Through Carlow, Kilkenny, and Clonmel. Miles. Dublin to Cork*, as at No. 26 124£ No. 68. From Dublin to CORK. Third Road. Through Kilkenny, Clonmel, and Lismore. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Clonmel*, as at No. 27 81| Tallow 104h Cappoqum 971 Watergrass Hill* 1171 Lismore 100J Cork* <•• 126£ CAPPOQUIN, in Waterford, is a market and post town, on the Blackwater, over which it has a wooden bridge. It possesses some rich and picturesque scenery, and several No. 68. DUBLIN TO CORK. 249 Well-built villas. Here is a neat church, and a Roman Catholic chapel, and barracks. On the road from Clon- mel are Glasha and Castle Coonagh, the ruins of old castles. The corn trade between this town and Youghal is extensive, the Blackwater being navigable for sloops. A mile from the town is Salti Bridge, the seat of Anthony Chearnley, Esq. Sir Richard Musgrave has also a mansion at Turin, on the Blackwater, two miles from Cappoquin. The at- tractions of the route by water from Cappoquin to Youg- hall, are very great. In gliding down the river may be viewed Turin, the seat of Sir R. Musgrave ; Drumana, the fine demesne of Mr. H. V. Stuart; Camphier House, and Strancally Castle, the fine residence of John Reily, Esq., and many others. Pop. 2289. Market days: Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs : March 17, May 31, July 5, Sept. 20, Oct. 14, and 29. LISMORE, a post town in Waterford, is beautifully situated upon the Blackwater. This once famous city had a university; the see of Lismore was united, in 1363, to the bishopric of Waterford. The cathedral is small, but in good preservation. The name is composed of Lis, an earthern fort, and more, great ; from its strong moat, which was superseded by a castle, built by King John. Sir Walter Raleigh was a proprietor of this fortress and of the manor. It was purchased by Sir Richard Boyle, who enlarged its fortifications ; in 1641 it was successfully defended by Lord Broghill, son of the Earl of Cork. The philosophical Boyle was born in this castle in 1626, the very year that Lord Bacon died : he was the seventh son and the four- teenth child of Richard Earl of Cork; and it has been justly remarked of this great man, that he revived the memory of Lismore University. Congreve, the poet and dra- matist, is also said to have been born here, his father being 250 No. 68. DUBLIN TO CORK. at the time steward to Lord Burlington's estate. The castle was, until lately, dilapidated; but the Duke of Devonshire has repaired it, and rendered it worthy of its ancient fame. The view from the great window is particularly beautiful. The pleasure grounds are beautifully laid out, and are re- markable for a double row of very ancient yews. In the gardens may be seen many choice shrubs and flowers, par- ticularly an arbutus, as large as a forest tree. Lismore is said to have chiefly consisted of the habita- tions of the most learned monks, of royal abbots, of saints, and of hermits. Here the ravages of the Danes, the con- flagrations in 1116 and 1207, the assaults by Earl Strong- bow's son in 1147, and by the Irish army in 1641, have occasioned this town to be repeatedly new built. The bridge erected at the sole expense of the Duke of Devon- shire at the cost of 9000/., is handsome, consisting of four- teen stone arches, and commands a fine view. Here is a court house, a dispensary, and a fever hospital. There is an excellent salmon fishery at the weirs below Lismore. A navigation has also been opened from this place to Cappoquin, at the expense of the Duke of Devonshire. Six miles from Lismore is the establishment of the Trap- pists, the convent and adjoining buildings are nearly finished. They possess on a lease of 100 years, rent free, 570 acres, the property of Sir Richard Keane, and great progress has been made in cultivating this land. Seats : Castle Richard, three miles from the town, an elegant gothic mansion, and Glencairn, the seat of Mrs. Bushe, on the right side of Blackwater ; also Ballysaggart- more Castle, the fine residence of Arthur Reiley, Esq. on the North Bank, and about one mile west of Lismore. Pop. 2894. Fairs: May 25, Sept. 25, and Nov. 12. Hotel: the Devonshire Arms. No. 70. DUBLIN TO DALKEY. 251 TALLOW, is a market and post town of Waterford, on the Bride. It has a market house and a church. This small town and Lismore were boroughs until the Union. Here are the ruins of Lisfining Castle, an old fortress of the Earls of Desmond, and a barrack. On the road to Cork is Castle Connough, in ruins, also many modern mansions and parks. The road leads through Water Grass Hill turnpike, and Glanmire, a village four miles from Cork. Pop. 2998. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: March 1, Whit-Monday, Oct. 10, and Dec. 8. Inn : Leahy's. No. 69. From Dublin to CUSHENDALL. Through Drogheda and Dundalk. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge * as at No. 1 .... 601 Cushendall * 109* CloughS*, as at No. 23 99h No. 70. From Dublin to DALKEY. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Monkstown* 5% Dalkey 7£ DALKEY, in Dublin, is a village, celebrated for its ancient castles, the remains of two of which are still standing. On Dalkey Hill is a cromlech, and on the common are remains of a Druidical circle. Immediately above the village rises a mountain, and before it is a sound, or channel, with sufficient water for ships of burden, separating it from Dalkey Island. On this island, which consists of about eighteen acres of sweet herbage, may be seen a Martello Tower, and a church in ruins. Here, as 252 No. 71. DUBLIN TO DINGLE. in many parts of Ireland, the people elect a king from among themselves, to whom, occasionally, they pay certain tributes. Pop. 544. No. 71. From Dublin to DINGLE. Through Kildare and Limerick. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Listowell *, as at No. 3 131^ Liapole 162£ Tralee* 144J Dingle 166 Bracktown Inn 158£ DINGLE is a sea-port and post town of Kerry, and the most western town in Europe. It has a considerable fishery. On the road to Dingle are the ruins of Armagh Church, two miles from Tralee; five and a half miles farther, Kilgobbin Church is to the right. The ruin of Minard Castle is on the left, near the village of Lispole. Dingle Bay was formerly a great resort of merchants, and the privileges of this town, granted by Elizabeth and her successors, are considerable. The harbour is half a mile broad, and is well sheltered from the winds. Smerwick Harbour and Ventry Bay are dependant upon this port. There was a monastery in Dingle, and a part of its splen- did church, called St. Mary's Chapel, is preserved in repair for divine worship. It is said that this church, and part of the town, is of Spanish erection, the houses having stone balconies. Upon the site of an ancient castle, built in 1580, is the town Gaol. Dingle also possesses a Koman Catholic Chapel, and a Lancasterian School. In the vicinity of Dingle are many interesting objects ; the ruins of Burnham Castle, and Burnham House, the mansion and demesne of Lord Ventry; also the village of No. 72. DUBLIN TO DONAGHADEE. 253 Ventry, and the bay of the same name, at which are some Danish forts. Mount Brandon, a range of mountain of great height, is the chief land-mark for vessels entering the Shannon, and commands an exquisite prospect. Dun- more Head, the most western point of Ireland, is at the extremity of the promontory. Off* this headland are situated the Blasques, or Ferriter's Islands. Innismore is three miles long, and is the largest of the Blasques. They are fertile islands, inhabited by a gentle race, and there are several very ancient and curious chapels built on them. Pop. 4327. Market Day : Saturday. Inn: Jeffcott's. No. 72. From Dublin to DONAGHADEE. First Road. Through Drogheda, Belfast, and New- town Ards. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ban bridge *, as at No. 1 60| Newtown Ards 87ir Belfast* as at No 30 80 Donaghadee 94£ The drive from Belfast to Newtown Ards is through a well-cultivated country. On leaving Belfast there is a long and narrow bridge across the Lagan, with numerous arches. Nearly two miles from town, on the summit of a hill, is the old church of Knockbreda, and near it a green artificial mound. At Dundonald, four miles from Belfast, there are a small church with a spire, a conspicuous moat, dissenters' meeting house, glebe house, and a few cottages. The former road to Newtown Ards was over hills, but a new level line has been recently completed. NEWTOWN ARDS is a handsome market and post town in Down, situated at the head of Lough Strangford, 254 No. 72. DUBLIN TO DONAGHADEE. near its north strand. It was a borough till the Union. The ancient town, built and settled by James Hamilton, Lord Claneboy and Clanbrassil, was burnt in the civil war, and the Scottish inhabitants slain. These were replaced by a fresh colony ; but there are still a few of the ancient buildings. In High Street is the old cross, with the date 1636; and near the town is the castle of the Montgome- ries, the gardens and outer inclosure of which remain. The town bears a new and elegant aspect, and the view of it obtained by ascending Scraba Hill is delightful. At one side of the great square is a large and commodious inn, and opposite is the market house. The old gothic church is venerable, but attracts less notice than the newly- erected parish church, which is an elegant building with a steeple and spire, and is fitted up with good taste. . Here also are chapels of the Catholics, Presbyterians, Covenanters, and Methodists ; a house of industry, and schools. The town is the property of the Marquis of Londonderry, and is rapidly increasing. It has a consi- derable trade in linen. Pop. 4442. Market Day: Saturday. Fairs: Jan. 23, May 14, Sept. 23. DONAGHADEE is a neat post town of Down, and is noted as the port of communication with the west of Scotland. The distance from this place to Port Patrick is computed at twenty miles, and steam-vessels perform the voyage in two hours and a half. The heavy waves on the coast, caused by the strong currents in this narrow strait between the Irish channel and north sea, frequently inter- cept the view of either shore from the mid-channel. The houses towards the shore are built in the form of an amphitheatre, and being white, produce a very pleasing effect. At the north end of the town is a large bare No. 72. DUBLIN TO DONAGHADEE. 255 rath, from the summit of which there is a fine view. The new harhour was commenced in 1821, from designs hy Mr. Rennie ; it comprises seven acres, and is defended hy extensive piers. Donaghadee is much frequented for sea- bathing, and possesses a handsome bath house. It has also a church, meeting houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and schools. Cottons are manufactured here ; and there is also a species of goods called worked muslins, which are peculiar to this place, and have an extensive sale. The mail starts every morning for Belfast on the arrival of the mail-packet from Port Patrick, (which, in mild weather, averages between six and seven in the morning) ; and there the traveller joins the Dublin or Derry coaches, according to his destination. The steam-packet quits the harbour on the arrival of the mail from Belfast at half-past ten in the morning. In the vicinity of Donaghadee are the Copeland Isles, on one of which, called Cross Island, consisting of thirty acres, is a lighthouse. In another are the ruins of a church, and a burying-ground, as well as several cairns. Between these islands and Donaghadee is a strait of smooth water, through which ships of burden can sail at a short distance from the harbour. Seats : Ballywilliam, one mile from the town ; Portavo, a beautiful mansion, in the direction of Groom's Port. At Temple Church, near Portavo, is the place where St. Patrick landed in his second mission to Ireland. Pop. 2986. Market Day: Wednesday. Fairs: June 11, July 4, Aug. 16, Oct. 12, and Dec. 4. Inn: the Down- shire Arms. 256 No. 73. From Dublin to DONAGHADEE. Second Road. Through Drogiieda, Newry, and Down- Patrick. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry *, as at No. 1. • • 50h Strangford * 80 Rathfriland * 57j Ferry over to Portaferry 80£ Castlewellan* 65 Kirkcubbin 86£ Clough* 69 Grey Abbey* 89£ Downpatrick * 74 Donaghadee * 96 Raholp 77 RAHOLP is a village of Down. STRANGFORD is a small but very ancient post town of Down, and gives name to one of the most beautiful inlets of the sea, formerly called Lough Cone. The tide enters from the Bay of Strangford, the channel is of con- siderable length, and the current generally rapid. The Lough is seventeen miles in length, and five miles in its greatest width, and is covered with upwards of fifty fine islands, on one of which is a rabbit-warren ; it contains smelts and other excellent fish ; and the herring shoals appear off the bar in August. This bar is three miles below the town, and within it ships find a good harbour in foul weather ; those vessels sailing to the Lough avoid a rock in the mid-channel, which has deep water on either side of it. At Strangford is the charter school, founded by the Earl of Kildare. The custom house is situated on the quay, from which is a fine prospect of the surrounding country. The ruins of Walsh's Castle, Kilclief, and Audley Castle, should be visited. The latter commands an exten- sive view of the bay. About a mile distant is Castle Ward, the seat of Lord Rangor, of which one facade is Grecian and another gothic. The park and gardens are extremely beautiful. No. 73. DUBLIN TO DONAGHADEE. 257 Pop. 583. Fairs : Aug. 12, and Nov. 8. Inn : Halliday's. PORTA FERRY is a thriving market and post town of Down, situated on the north side of Strangford Bay, opposite to Strangford, with which it has a constant com- munication by means of ferry-boats. It has the remains of a castle, erected by the Savage family, long settled in this county; the present proprietor, A. Nugent, Esq., has a noble mansion adjoining the town, surrounded by charm- ing grounds, to a part of which there is a public entrance at the quay. Portaferry has a neat church and meeting houses, and half a mile distant is a Roman Catholic chapel, The town carries on a considerable trade in corn, and from June to September there is a productive herring fishery in the Lough and along the coast. Near Kirkistown, four miles distant, is the old church of Slane, and Claneboy Castle. Pop. 2203. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: Jan. 1, 2nd Thursday in February, May, and November ; July 31, and Dec. 12. KIRKCUBBIN, in Down, is a neat post town of recent erection, on the east shore of the Lake of Strangford. Its chief buildings are the linen hall, market house, meeting house, and the glebe house. Pop. 537. Fairs : April 28, May 28, August 28, and Nov. 28. Seats: Summer Hill, and Echlinvilh, the fine residence of John Echlin, Esq. Beyond this, on a hill, is Inishangie, and a ruined church ; and farther on, the parish church of St. Andrew. GREY ABBEY, is a post town in Down, on the east side of Lough Strangford, and celebrated for its monastery, which was built by John de Courcy, Earl of Ulster, and jrives name to the place. De Courcy's monument, and that z 3 258 No. 74. DUBLIN TO DONAGHADEE. of bis lady, Africa, daughter of the King of Man, are seen here with their effigies sculptured. The arches of the abbey are still fine, but the roof is dilapidated ; its well, for the use of the monks, is filled by a fine spring. Op- posite to the abbey is the modern church. Black Abbey is another ruin, distant one mile, and near it is a moat. Fairs: March 28, Whit-Tuesday, June 23, Oct. 29, Nov. 27, and Dec. 7. Seats : Rosemount, William Montgomery, Esq. This is a mansion, with grounds well planted, in an excellent situation near the Lough, and possessing good gardens. A mile from Grey Abbey is Mount Stewart, the seat of the Marquess of Londonderry; it has a picture gallery and library: on a hill in the grounds is an imitation of the Athenian Temple of the Winds ; it is seen above the lake. The gardens and forcing-houses are worthy of notice. No. 74. From DUBLIN to DONAGHADEE. Third Road. Through Drogheda, Belfast, and Bangor. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles* Banbriclge » as atNo. 1 60! Bangor 90 Belfast*, as at No. 30 80 Donaghadee * ■•• • 95 Hollywood 84! HOLLYWOOD is an agreeable village and post town of Down, on the east shore of Belfast Lough, and is much frequented during the bathing season. The road to it is bounded by woods and parks, and there are some beautiful villas, Cultra is a pleasant mansion. A quantity of small shell-fish is dredged on this flat shore, and is a benefit to the cottagers. Hollywood commands a fine view of the Antrim Hills, seen across the bay, the surface of which is No. U. DUBLIN TO DONAGHADEE. 259 enlivened by the passage of merchant-vessels and steam- boats. At Castle Hill, in this parish, is a lime tree of extraordinary size. Pop. 12S8. Fairs: are held quarterly. BANGOR is a post town at the mouth of Carrickfergus Bay, in Down, and is frequented for sea-bathing. An abbey, founded in 555, is now a ruin close to the parish church, which was first constructed in 1623, and has a large handsome steeple ; in this church are monuments of the Hamiltons, Earls of Clanbrassil, who settled or planted a numerous body of Scots in the Lordship of Claneboy, granted to James Hamilton, on the forfeiture of O'Neil, Earl of Tyrone. This property, with Ballyleidy House, passed by intermarriage to the Blackwood family, and is now the splendid seat of Lord Dufferin and Clane- boy. Bangor sent two members to the Irish parliament, but is not now a returning borough* The proprietor of this town is Viscount Bangor, whose family name is Ward ; his mansion and gardens are in the immediate vicinity. The harbour is safe, and there is a good pier, with quay, dock, and basin. Bangor also possesses two cotton factories worked by steam-engines ; some chapels, a Presbyte- rian meeting house, and several schools. The county mili- tia is frequently quartered in Bangor. At Groom's Port, a fishing yillage one mile from Bangor, the army of Schom- berg disembarked. At Bally holm Bay is a beautiful strand, on which races are occasionally held, the level beach being favourable. Pop. 2741. Fairs : Jan. 12, May 1, Aug. 1, and Nov. 22. 260 No. 75. From Dublin to DOWNHILL or HERVEY'S HILL. Through Dundalk, Armagh, and Dun- given. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk *, as at No. 1 40a Magilligan Church • • • 112£ Armagh *, as at No. 6 62i Craigtown Inn • • • 1131 Dungiven *, as at No. 145 • • 99 Downhill ■ 117 Newtown Limavady - - • 106h NEWTOWN LIMAVADY is a market and post town of Londonderry, situated in a very interesting district on the banks of the Roe, over which is a stone bridge of six arches. It is surrounded by beautiful scenery, and the linen manufacture flourishes in the vicinity. It is a very handsome town, and possesses a corn market, a new as well as an old market house, on the first floor of which is held the town ball and assembly; a good subscription library; a brewery and distilleries. Newtown Limavady has also a well-built church, several meeting houses, a handsome Roman Catholic chapel, and a savings' bank. Dr. William Hamilton, esteemed for his learning and ac- complishments, w r as inhumanly murdered by the Insur- gents, when rector of this parish. His Letters on the North-East Coast of Antrim assisted to give a true notion of the extreme beauty and magnificence of the scenery of the north of Ireland. The River Roe empties its waters into the inlet of the sea called Lough Foyle. On the shore of this Lough, near Magilligan, is a famous rabbit warren. This town was a borough previous to the Union. Pop, 2428. Market days : Monday ; and for Grain, Tuesday and Friday. Fairs : 2nd Monday in Feb., March 28, June 13, July 12, and Oct 29. Inns ; the King's Arms, the Red Lion, and Wilson's Hotel. Seats : Daisy Hilly and Fruit Hill, are two good mansions, with charming grounds, about a mile from the town. 261 No. 76. From Dublin to DOWNPATRICK. Through Newry, Ratbfriland, and Clough. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry *, as at No. 1 50£ Down, or Downpatrick *, as at No. 32 74 No. 77. From Dublin to DROGHEDA. First Road. Through Swords and Balruddery. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Swords * 7 Balruddery * 14£ Man-of-War * 12§ Drogheda * as at No. 1 • • • • 23h No. 78. From Dublin to DROGHEDA. Second Road. Through Naul. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Glassnevin 2 Naul 14 Forest 5§ Dardistown Bridge 19£ Brackenstown 6$ Drogheda* ••• • 22 Ballyboghill 10£ GLASSNEVIN is a village of Dublin. In the S. W. corner of the church-yard is a tablet in memory of Dr. Delaney, who resided at Delville, in this village, and was the intimate friend of Dean Swift. There is no spot in Ireland possesses so much of classic and historic interest as this, where Addison, Parnell, Steele, Swift, and the celebrated Stella, at different periods, resided. The "Drapier's Letters" were printed in the demesne of Delville, and the illustrious author of " Cato" composed several of his finest pieces here. There is a place called Addison's walk, formed of two rows of tall yews, said to have been planted by him- 262 No. 79. DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA. self. The garden occupies a space of thirty acres, the river Tolka forming a boundary at one side. Tickell, the poet, also resided here; but his house has been taken down, and the site occupied by the spacious and beautiful botanic gardens of the Dublin society, which have been improved very much under the superintendance of Mr. Nevin, the present curator. In the neighbourhood of Claremont is the National Institution for the education of deaf and dumb poor children. There is also an ex- tensive burying ground belonging to the Catholics, with a handsome gateway and temple for saying the funeral ser- vice : it is surrounded by walls, and has watch towers at each corner. — Pop. 559. NAUL, a village in the County of Dublin, is remarkable for a celebrated glen abounding with craggy precipices : it has a church and a Roman Catholic chapel. The ancient ruin of Naul Castle is finely situated. A stream proceeding from the Roches cascade divides the county of Meath from that of Dublin ; this pretty fall of water is in the centre of the glen. Snowion Castle is a ruin beyond the Naul.— Pop. 216." No. 79. From Dublin to DROGHEDA. Third Road. Through Finglass, Kilmoon Church, and Duleek. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kilmoon Church* as at No. Duleek 20| 157 15£ Drogheda* 25 DULEEK in Eastmeath, was once a famous episcopal city. It was also a returning borough previous to the Union, but is now a village. It has a neat church, with a spire of Gothic architecture ; and a handsome Roman Catholic chapel. There is also a large flour mill, a manufacture of ticken, No. 30. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 263 and a good inn. The vicinity is very agreeable, and there are fine meadows close to the village. In the vicinity of the town is Bellew race- course, which is well attended. The races take place in the last week of June. There are some ruins of churches of remote antiquity. Pop. 1217. Fairs: March 25, May 3, June 24, and Oct. 18. Seats : SomerviUe, the residence of Sir Marcus Somer- ville, on the banks of the Nanny Water ; Athcarne Castle, romantically situated in the midst of trees, is a large square building, and in good preservation. It is said King James slept in this castle on the night previous to the battle of the Boyne. No. 80. From Dublin to DUNFANAGHY. First Road. Through Cavan, Maguire's Bridge, and Enniskillen. Dublin Castle to Miles. Black Bull Inn * 10£ Ten Mile Bush 11| Dunshaughlin • • 14 Tarah'Hill 19 Doudstown 20| Navan 23| Kells 3U Virginia 40£ Bally James Duff 45^ Cavan 54 Butler's Bridge 57 Wattle Bridge 62£ Newtown Butler 65£ Lisnaskea 7Q£ Maguire's Bridge 72| Lisbellaw 75^ Enniskillen 79| Church Hill 88j| Dublin Castle to Miles. BelleekTown 97£ Ballyshannon 101£ Ballintra 105| Laghy .-* lOSh Donegal Ill Mount Charles 114 Inver 117 The Port 118£ Killybegs 123| Ardara 131| Narin 136£ Strand 138| Shallagan Bridge « 144 Gibbarrow River 146 Dunglo 152 Guydore River 1593 Gortahurk 169* Dunfanaghy 176 264 No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. TEN MILE BUSH is a village of East Meath. DUNSHAUGHLIN, a post town in East Meath. It has a church and a school. Two miles and a half from Dunshaughlin is Killeen Castle the seat of the Earl of Fingal. The church of Killeen contains several monu- ments of the Plunkett family. One mile from Killeen is Dunsany Castle, the seat of Lord Dunsany. Pop. 913. Fairs: May 13, June 11, Oct. 14, and Nov. 10. TARAH, in East Meath, is seated on a high hill commanding the adjacent plain. The village church is now the principal object. Tradition derives the name of this place from the palace of Ollamh Fodlha, a prince who reigned here at the time of the Republic of Rome, but some antiquaries insist that no palace ever existed on this spot. The Irish princes were formerly crowned at Tarah, and here the triennial assemblies of the states took place till the middle of the sixth century. On the south side of the hill is a moat or fort thrown up by Tur- gesius the Dane, from which strong position the rebels were driven with great loss in May, 1798. Seats : Newhall, Ardsalla, the seat of Earl Ludlow, and some other neat mansions adorn the adjacent district. Lismullen, the seat of the Dillon family, is two miles distant. Beyond Tarah, and three miles from Navan, is Ballinter, situated on the south bank of the Boyne. NAVAN, a market and post town of East Meath, is pleasantly seated at the junction of the Blackwater and the Boyne. On the banks of the river is Blackcastle, the demesne of John Ruxton, Esq., and opposite are the extensive flax mills of Mr. Blundell. It is governed by a Portreve, and has a very handsome Tholsel. Two good stone bridges afford an easy communication between the different parts of the town, and the main streets cross No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 265 each other. The church is a beautiful modern structure, and there is a handsome Roman Catholic chapel, as well as a Catholic seminary, a county infirmary, and a court house. The barracks occupy the site of a house of regular canons, and in the abbey yard are some curious tombs with sculptured figures. This town was walled by Hugh de Lacy. It has a communication by canal with Drogheda, and carries on a considerable trade in corn and flour, and has several extensive flour mills. Near Navan are Athlumny church and castle ; the latter is a splendid ruin, having been destroyed by fire during the civil wars. Two miles beyond Navan is Ard- braccan, with an episcopal palace, erected from designs by the late J. Wyatt : it is built of limestone found in the vicinity. Close to it is Liscartan Castle. In the burial ground of Ardbraccan church may be seen a tablet in memory of Bishop Pococke the traveller, and the tomb of Bishop Montgomery, with rudely-sculptured figures. One mile from Navan is Donaghmore church, and on an emi- nence there, near the road leading to Slieve, is a round tower 70 feet high, remarkable for a cross engraved on the keystone of the doorway. This singularity is an argument in favour of the supposition that these famous towers were dedicated to religious purposes. To the north-east of Navan is Dunmow Castle, originally built by De Lacy, and defended for the royal party by Captain Power, in 1641. Pop. 4416, Market days : Wednesday and Satur- day. Fairs : Easter Monday, Trinity Monday, Sept. 14, and Dec. 7. Inns : the Ludlow Arms ; the Black Lion. KELLS is a market and post town of East Meath, pleasantly situated on the Blackwater. It is a very ancient town, and was early fortified by the English. Its govern- ment is vested in a sovereign, who appoints a deputy. 266 No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. The ancient see of Kells is incorporated with the bishop - rick of Meath. The church is a modern structure, containing the tomb of Sir Thomas Taylor, but near it is a tower with a spire, the remains of an ancient edifice now destroyed. Opposite to it is a remarkable round tower 90 feet in height and 48 in circumference ; its walls are three feet thick, and it has a conical roof. The traveller should also notice the remains of the abbey founded by St. Columb, consisting of the original chapel roofed with flat stones ; the market house built on the site of the castle; the cross near the market house, on which are Irish characters and curious sculptures ; and the Roman Catholic chapel, a fine Gothic building, containing an altar-piece by Guido, representing the Ascension, given by the Marquess of Headfort. Kells has also a court house with a ballroom, a dispensary, and hospitals. The hand- some pillar near the town was erected at the expense of the late Earl of Bective, as a means of employing the poor during a year of scarcity. About one mile from Kells is Bective Castle, the seat of the Marquess of Head- fort, a noble mansion surrounded by beautiful grounds. Stonebrook is a pretty villa to the north of Kells. At Castle Kieran, four miles distant are vestiges of a church, a richly sculptured stone cross, and a holy spring. Pop. 4326. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : Thursday before Shrove Tuesday, Wednesday before Ascension day, July 16, Sept. 9, Oct. 16, and Nov. 17. Inn : the Head- fort Arms. VIRGINIA, in Cavan, is a pleasing post and market town, on the stream named Virginia. Near it is Lough Ramor, studded with islands, on which are some walls of ruined castles, particularly on Small Head. There is an excellent inn, and by the fostering care of the Marquess of No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 267 Headfort the town is improving daily. Two miles beyond Virginia is Lurgan church. Pop. 930. Fairs : Jan. 24, March 6, May 11, July 9, Aug. 22, Sept. 23, Nov. 21, and Dec. 20. BALLY JAMES DUFF is a neat village and post town of Cavan, near which is a lough. Pop, 863. Fairs : Monthly. CAVAN, the county town of Cavan, is seated on the river of the same name, and was formerly a borough re- turning one member to the Irish Parliament. It is governed by a sovereign, and deputy sovereign. It has a large school of royal endowment, a modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel and meeting house built by Lord Farnham the proprietor of the town, a town hall, a hand- some court house, a gaol, and barracks. Here also is the county infirmary. The gardens fronting the principal inn were designed and completed at the sole expense of the late Countess of Farnham, and evince very great taste. They are open to the public, except on Sunday; to the inhabitants they afford a delightful promenade. Seat : Farnham, the residence of Lord Farnham, is a noble mansion two miles from Cavan ; it is surrounded by several lakes, the banks of which abound with romantic scenery. Kilmore, two miles south-west of Cavan, is the seat of the Bishop of Kilmore ; the cathedral is remarkable as the smallest in Ireland. Near it is Lough Outer, on a small island of which are vestiges of an ancient castle, noted as the prison of Bishop Bedell during the rebellion in 1641. The islands on this lake are covered with wood. Pop. 2931. Market day : Tuesday. Fairs: Feb. 1, April 20, May 14, June 30, Aug. 14, Sept. 25, and Nov. 12. Inn : the Farnham Arms. 268 No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. BUTLER'S BRIDGE is a village of Cavan, on the Ballyhays river. Pop. 211. Fairs: Monthly. WATTLE BRIDGE is a village of Fermanagh, on the bank of the Fin, near which, and opposite to the mansion of Castle Saunderson, are some Druidical stones. A mile beyond this village is the spire of St. Mary's, and a short distance farther are two loughs. NEWTOWN BUTLER is a village of Fermanagh, in which the church is conspicuous. It gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Lanesborough. Pop. 412. Fairs: Monthly. LISNASKEA is a post town of Fermanagh, and is much improved by Mr. Creighton, the proprietor. Pop. 430. Fairs : Monday before Good Friday, Mon- day after Ascension, and Oct. 10. MAGUIRE'S BRIDGE, a small market town in Fer- managh, stands on a stream running into Lough Erne from the north. In this lake, which is three miles distant, is seen Bellisle, a beautiful mansion built on a large island, planted and embellished with great taste. From an elevated temple there is a noble prospect of the charming lake and its numerous islands. This town has a Pres- byterian and a Methodist meeting house, besides a Roman Catholic chapel. Four miles distant is the seat of Sir Henry Brooke of Colebrooke. Pop. 854. Market day : Wednesday, chiefly corn. Fairs : First Wednesday of every month. LISBELLAW, in Fermanagh, is a village seated upon a stream flowing from the north-east into Lough Erne. Castlecoole, the seat of the Earl of Belmore, considered the finest house in the modern style in Ireland, is situated between this and Enniskillen. No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. m Pop. 242. Fairs : May 11, June 20, July 20, Aug. 18, Oct. 12, Nov. 10, and Dec. 23. ENNISKILLEN, the county town of Fermanagh, is pleasantly situated on the strait which connects the two divi- sions of Lough Erne, a lake which has been called the Wi- nandermere of Ireland. To the west of the town, Lough Macnean is also seen in the distance. The Enniskillen dragoons were highly distinguished in the war of the Revolution, and their reputation has been maintained in recent times. The town was successfully maintained against the besieging army of James II. One of the re- doubts may still be seen. On the north and south sides of Enniskillen are handsome bridges connecting the town with the mainland at each end of the island, also the barracks, castle, county infirmary, county gaol, and market house, over which is a ball-room. The church is an ancient building with a tower ; and near the town, situated on Portora hill, is Enniskillen school, a spacious building, supported by a grant of King Charles I. of lands, amounting to nearly 3000/. per annum. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel, several meeting houses, and schools. This town returns a member to parliament. The Earl of Ennis- killen's splendid seat, Florence Court, is noticed at No. 186. Enniskillen is governed by a provost and burgesses ; it is rapidly improving, and its linen trade considerable ; no less than three newspapers are published here. Pop. 6056. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: Oct. 26, and 10th of each month. Inns : the White Hart Hotel, and Bull's Hotel. This is an excellent station for the admirer of delightful scenery : by taking a boat here he may proceed on either lake to the most interesting spots amidst the placid stillness of the waters. Devenish island and its antiquities may A a 3 2?() No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. be surveyed ere the sun attain its meridian, when the em- bo wered ruins of castle Hume will afford a shady retreat. The upper lake is more bold and effective ; but from its eastern banks, the lower has peculiar charms, when sinking in the west, the sun imparts every warm tint to the glim- mering sky, whilst the blue haze, congenial to the lake, mistifies its fading shores. (See also Belturbet, No. 91.) CHURCH HILL is a post town of Fermanagh. The church has a good square steeple. On the shore of Lough Erne, a mile from this place, are some castle ruins ; and five miles distant is Castle Caldwell, a superb seat at the foot of a large mountain in the Turaw range. Fronting the castle is the promontory of Ross-a-Goul, in a fine country almost surrounded by mountains ; the vicinity is richly wooded, and in the bays of the Lough are some fine islands. The octagon temple is seen from the water, with a great wood in the rear. A considerable butter market is held here which begins on the first Wednesday in July, and continues until Christmas. Pop. 175. Market day : Wednesday. Fairs: May 14, Aug. 30, and Nov. 30. BELLEEK is a small town of Fermanagh, finely situated on the north of the great channel by which Lough Erne discharges its waters into the bay of Donegal. Here is a good bridge thrown across the river, which below Belleek town makes a fall of twenty feet, forming a most en- chanting prospect, enriched by trees and rocky precipices. Just beyond this town we enter the county of Donegal. Pop. 260. Fairs: Feb. 3, May 17, June 19, Aug. 3, and Oct. 10. BALLYSHANNON is a town of Donegal, situated on the river flowing out of Lough Erne, and built on heights both on the north and south side of the water. No. SO. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 271 Its bridge of fourteen arches is magnificent, and the scenery of the vicinity is extremely picturesque. The ruined castle of the great O'Donnel is seen here. The famous salmon-leap of Ballyshannon is a fall of a wide body of water, twelve feet only in height, but very beauti- ful; large quantities of fish are caught, and the salmon fishery is farmed of the proprietor; the curing-house is seen on a rock in the centre of the stream. The views of the sea beheld in perspective between the hills and rocky banks of the river are grand, and the harbour below the town is good. Ballyshannon has handsome barracks, a market house, a neat church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. There is a large distillery in the town. It returned members to the Irish Parliament as an ancient borough. Ashroe Abbey, half a mile distant, is a fine ruin, with some remains of its cloisters. Pop. 3775. Market day : Friday. Fairs : Monthly. Inns : Cassidy's, Boyle's, and Brown's. BALLINTRA is a small town of Donegal. Beyond it is Dromehome Church; and a mile from Ballintra is Brown Hall, with a truly-romantic demesne, in which a rapid torrent forces its obscure course through the earth with the hollow sound of subterraneous cascades. Pop. 439. Fairs: Feb. 1, March 25, May 20, July 31, Oct. 31, and Nov, 24. DONEGAL, a post town of Donegal, was an Irish borough, but lost its elective franchise at the Union, and consequently something of its importance. The romantic scenery of its environs is, however, unimpaired. It lies in a hollow, among lofty hills, with lakes and fine old trees to enrich the scene. The old castle, once the O'Donnels', but now the property of the Earl of Arran, and the bridge across the stream flowing out of Lough Esk, are 272 No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. worthy of notice. The market house is a good building : the church is erected on the site of the old abbey, and there is a Roman Catholic chapel, about a mile from the town. The river Esk issues from a lake about three miles in length and one in breadth, hemmed in by Ross mountain, and other steep ridges ; it then takes its rapid course through a ravine between the high slopes of Barnmoor and a heathy precipice on the opposite bank. Char are caught in the Lough and river. To the north are Loughs Eask and Mourne, and to the south-east the celebrated but dreary Lough Derg, with its island covered with the ruins of chapels, and its purgatory, said to have been founded by St. Patrick; it is a narrow cave, 16 feet in length, by two in width, and so low that a tall man could not walk upright in it. This cave was shut up in 1630; but in the reign of James II. the spot was again resorted to, and a new one was excavated, which however was also closed in 1780, by order of the prior. The building now erected is the prison or chapel, used by the penitents. The station begins on the 1st of June, and continues till the 15th of August, and it is calculated that nearly 20,000 pilgrims visit this spot annually. The bay affords some exceedingly beautiful views, and is a good fishing station. Adjoining Donegal, are the ruins of a Franciscan abbey, founded in 1474, and at a short distance is a noted Spa, said to resemble that of Harrowgate. Pop. 830. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : Last Wed- nesday in Jan. and Feb., March 17, April 9, May 5 and 29, July 9, Sept. 4 and 30, Oct. 28, Nov. 25 and 28, and last Wednesday in Dec. Inn : Dillon's. MOUNT CHARLES is a pleasant village in Donegal, on the river Inver. Here is a fine seat of the Marquess of Conyngham. Pop. 508. No. 80. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 273 1NVER, on the river of this name, has a modern church and the ruins of an old abbey. KILLYBEGS is a post town of Donegal, with an excellent harbour, which is principally advantageous for the fishery, as great shoals of herrings visit the coast. There is a church and a school house. A Franciscan house, founded by M'Sweeney ; an ancient castle ; and the beauty of the coast, are the objects of greatest interest. Pop. 724. Fairs: Jan. 15, Easter Monday, June 26, Aug. 12, and Nov. 12. ARDARA is a village and post town of Donegal, at the head of a bay. It has a good church. Pop. 456. NARIN is a village, built on a promontory of the Done- gal coast. Off this shore is seen the Island of Ennistell, on which is an ancient chapel in ruins, and a holy well. Its founder, St. Conal, was slain here in 590. Here a road traverses Donegal to the right by Fin town to Lifford, whilst the coast route to Gortahurk continues to present every variety of bay, green mountain, and rugged precipice. DUNGLO is a sequestered fishing village, situated in the Rosses, at the head of a creek, and chiefly known as the market for the supply of the town and Island of Rut- land, which being one of the north isles of Arran, is seen from this haven. The only buildings are a church, mill, and some convenient dwellings. The Island of Rutland which gives the name to a post town, is three miles from Dunglo. On this island were formerly many considerable works, but they are now almost covered with sand, and the post office is removed to the main land ; the attempt to improve the fishery under Parliamentary support having failed. GORTAHURK is a village of Donegal, at the head of 274 No. 81. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. a bay. In the offing there is a good view of Magheralin and Tory islands ; there are seven chapels, and the walls of an abbey on Tory Island, distant nine miles from the coast. Beyond Gortahurk is Cloghaneely church. DUNFANAGHY is a village of Donegal, seated on a cove Of an extensive harbour called Sheephaven, and at a short distance from North Cape. Near it is Horn Head, where there is a natural perforation in the roof of a cave of the cliffs, which are sixty-two feet high. This funnel is called M'Swein's Gun, and the surge of the Atlantic ocean, when impelled in boisterous weather into this cavern, with a roar heard at a great distance, issues forth at the summit of the cliff, and often exhibits a curious water- spout of some elevation. The castle of M'Sweeny is repaired and inhabited. Pop. 464. Fairs .• Thursday after Whit-Sunday, Aug. 5, Oct. 2, and Nov. 17. No. 81. From Dublin to DUNFANAGHY. Through Drogheda, Monaghan, andRAPHOE. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda* as at No. 1 23£ Letterkenny 113 J Castle Blayney*, as at No. 7- 51J Kilmacrenan 118£ Lifford* as at No. 143 .... • 102i Glen 124£ Raphoe 107 Dunfanaghy * 132| RAPHOE is a small and neat post town in Donegal ; until lately it was a bishop's see, founded in the sixth cen- tury; but, by the late Act reducing the number of prelates in the Protestant church, it is merged in Derry diocese. The cathedral is used as the parish church, and the episco- pal residence, formerly a castle, which was besieged in the No. 81. DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 275 great rebellion of 1641, is now a beautiful mansion. An ancient abbey was founded here by St. Columb, and a round tower once stood upon the hill. The principal buildings are the market house, and a royal school, founded by King Charles I., which has an extensive library attached to it; and there is an asylum, or widow's house, endowed by Bishop Foster, a meeting house, and a dispensary. Pop. 1408. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs: May 1, June 22, Aug. 27, and Nov. 4. LETTERKENNY is a market and post town of Done- gal, on the Swilly, which falls into the south end of Lough Swilly. The vicinity is picturesque, and there are moun- tains between this place and the north-west coast of the county. Letterkenny possesses a market house, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, several meeting houses, and a dispensary. The town is the property of Lord Southwell, and has a good trade in corn, linen, and yarn. Pop. 2168. Market-day : Friday. Fairs : May 12, July 10, Aug. 14, and Nov. 8. KILMACRENAN is a post town of Donegal. The parish church is a portion of the abbey founded here by St. Columb. A stream passing this place joins Lough Swilly at Rathmelton. In the direction of Glen Inn is Lough Salt, singularly situated on the summit of a moun- tain, and surrounded with crags and rocks. GLEN, a post town, near the head of Sheep Haven, in Donegal. Two miles beyond the village are the ruins of a strong castle, and three miles farther is Bally more church, and an old castle, near a mountain, about two miles from Dunfanaghy. 276 No. 82. From Dublin to DUNGANNON. Through Dundalk, Market Hill, and Charlemont. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk * as at No. 1. .... 40£ Charlemont * 68£ Armagh * as at No. 6 62£ Dungannon* 72f Blackwater Town * 66£ No. 83. From Dublin to DUNGARVAN. First Road. Through Carlow, Gowran, and Carrick- on-Suir. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Leighlin Bridge * as at Kilmaganny • • • • • 66% No. 27 ••• 45 Carrick-on-Suir 74£ Gowran* 52 Kilmacthomas 82£ Knocktopher 61| Dungarvan 96 Newmarket • 63| BenneVs Bridge, a village in Kilkenny, is five miles beyond Gowran, and is famed as the place where, in 1704, a great review was held by the Duke of Ormond, at which there was such a concourse of people, that numerous tents were erected in the fields for the gentry who flocked thither. Ballinabola Castle is seen in ruins two miles before Bennet's Bridge. Beyond Bennet's Bridge are Anamult Castle and Ennisnag Castle, also in ruins. Pop. 426. KNOCKTOPHER, a post town in Kilkenny, was a borough until the Union. It is pleasantly situated on a stream which flows into the Nore, and possesses some remains of an abbey founded in 1356. Pop. 475. Fair, on Whit-Monday. Seat: Mount Juliet, earl of Carrick. This splendid mansion is surrounded by a beautiful park, with extensive No. S3. DUBLIN TO DUNGARVAN. 277 groves on the banks of the Nore river; on a green hill are seen some artificial ruins ; and across the river is an old castle, also in ruins. NEWMARKET, in Kilkenny. A mile beyond this thriving village is Castle Morres, the demesne of the Mount- morres family ; the grounds attached to this fine seat are well planted, and extensive. The house was built from designs by Mr. Binclon. At Aghavillar, in the vicinity, are the remains of a castle and an abbey. The latter con- tains the vault of the Mountmorres family. Pop. 110. KILMAGANNY is a village in Kilkenny. Near it are the ruins of Cluan Castle. Pop. 514. Fairs: Easter Tues- day, and Sept. 4. CARRICK-ON-SUIR is a market and post town of Tipperary ; but a portion of it is beyond the river, in the county of Waterford. Large sloops ascend the Suir to Carrick. Anciently there were town-walls to Carrick ; the old castle, erected on the site of a priory of St. John the Evangelist, belonged to the Ormond family ; it is inhabited by the sovereign of this town. The barracks are for two troops of cavalry. There is a considerable corn and butter trade. Some manufactories of coarse cloth, breweries and tanneries : it is rather a wealthy place, but for the last few years somewhat on the decline. There is a good market house, a handsome church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a nunnery, and a bridewell. In the church is a fine monu- ment of the earl of Tyrone. The environs abound with villas, mansions, and ornamental parks, and the ground is well cultivated ; the scenery is also romantic, and above the other lofty eminences is seen the towering summit of Slievnemon Mountain. The conventual Franciscan chapel, having a fine tower, is situated in Carrick-beg, (or Little Carrick), in the adjoining county; the bridge is ancient. B B 278 No. S3. DUBLTN TO DUNGARVAN. Pop. 9626. Market days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: last Thursday in January, February, March, April, July, September, November, December, Whit-Tuesday, and Aug. 15. Seats: Bessborough, the mansion of the earl of Bessbo- rough, is three miles and a half distant, and is surrounded by a park of 500 acres. The house was erected in 1743, from designs by Mr. Bindon, and contains a fine collection of pictures. The hall is adorned with four fine columns of Kilkenny marble. His lordship has here set an example by building a number of pretty cottages for the peasantry, adorned with shrubs and flowers. Belline, one mile from Bessborough, was the seat of the late Mr. Walsh, a liberal patron of the arts. Three miles from Carrick-on- Suir is the neat village and post town of Pilltown in Kil- kenny, belonging to the Ponsonby family : it has a good market house, and behind it is a commodious quay and dock-yard, to which the navigation of the Pill extends, and from which the village takes its name. A bridge has been built over a small stream, which flows into the Pill, for the purpose of avoiding a hill on the Waterford road, which now runs on by the right-hand corner of the hotel. There is a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and school houses, and an excellent museum, founded by Mr. Anthony, the spirited proprietor of the hotel. KILMACTHOMAS, a post town in Waterford, is a village on the Maghan river. It has barracks, and an ancient castle, which belonged to the Power family, and a few miles beyond it are the ruins of Fox Castle and Bally- cherogue Castle. Three miles from Kilmacthomas, a small college has been erected by Philip F. Barron, Esq., of Waterford, for the cultivation of the Irish language, and the ancient history of Ireland. This college is situated in No. S3. DUBLIN TO DUNGARVAN. 279 a glen near the sea side, and is a neat Gothic building. There are also valuable copper mines, about four miles from the town. Pop. 982. Fairs: May 12, Aug. 12, and Dec. 6. DUNGARVAN, a post town in Waterford, is an ancient, and now a populous seaport, situated on Dungarvan Bay. The banks lying near this coast have always afforded faci- lities to the extensive fishery carried on by the townspeople. Dungarvan has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, sessions house and market house. The town is situated uponthe beach, and from the mountain above it appears as if it stood in the water ; it is much resorted to for sea-bathing ; the mountains extend to the verge of the county, near Youghall Bay. The corporation, governed by a sovereign, had some extensive privileges granted to it by James I. The remains of its extensive castle are converted into a barrack : here also are to be seen the ruins of several monasteries. Across the river is the ruined Augustine Friary, founded in 1295 ; its steeple is sixty feet in height ; near the altar is seen the curious monument of Donald Magrath, buried in 1400, and the Gothic arch, which supports the tower, is worthy of notice. Dungarvan is a borough town, returning a mem- ber to parliament. The bridge has been completed, but a former expensive attempt, by the late Duke of Devonshire, to rebuild it, was frustrated, by the abutments and founda- tions failing. Pop. 6527. Market-days: Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: Feb. 7, June 22, Aug. 27, and Nov. 8. Inn : the Devonshire Arms. 280 No. 84. From Dublin to DUNGARVAN. Second Road. Through Carlow and Waterford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Leiglilin Bridge *, as at Mullinavat 68 No. 27 45 Waterford 74£ Gowran 52 Kilmactliomas * 86 Thomastown 58| Dungarvan* 99f GOWRAN, a post town in Kilkenny, situated on a river which joins the Barrow, is a borough, which formerly returned members. In the burial-ground of the church, which is in ruins, the officers of the castle, who were shot by order of Cromwell, for their brave defence, were interred. There are several ancient ruins near it. Pop. 1009. Fairs: March 8, May 9, Aug. 10, Oct 6, and Dec. 8. Seat : Gowran Castle, Viscount Clifden, a handsome modern mansion, from designs by Mr. Robinson. THOMASTOWN is a small market and post town of Kilkenny, seated on the river Nore, over which is a hand- some bridge : it was a borough until the Union. In the ruined abbey there is a large tomb, said to be that of an Irish king; it is traditionally called the Giant's tomb : a fine tower of this abbey remains at one angle, and there are some beautiful arches; the church is a portion of this ancient building, kept in repair. The castle built here in 1180, belonged to Thomas Fitz Anthony, a baron of Henry II., and from him the town takes its name. Thomas- town possesses a Roman Catholic chapel, the altar of which was brought from Jerpoint Abbey ; a court house and gaol, and a free school, erected in 1824, by the Earl of Carrick. Pop. 2871. Market days: Monday and Friday. Fairs: March 17, May 25, June 29, and Sept. 15. Seats: Mount Juliet, the Earl of Carrick ; and Kilfane, No. 84. DUBLIN TO DUNG AR VON. 281 Mr. Power ; both remarkable for the luxuriance of the evergreens which adorn the parks. At Kilfane are some very fine paintings. At Jerpoint, not quite one mile and a half beyond Tho- mastown, are the ruins of the magnificent abbey founded by O'Donoghue, King of Ossory, in 1180. From Jerpoint it is eight miles, by the direct road, to Mullinavat; but there is a road to the right hand, a mile farther, proceeding from Jerpoint, through Ballyhale, to Mullinavat and Water ford. MULLINAVAT. Half way to this village is the large ruin of Bungan Castle, and within two miles the ruins of another castle. WATERFORD is a city and large seaport, and is the capital of the county of Waterford. It is situated on the south bank of the Suir, about four miles from its junction with the Barrow, and carries on a very extensive trade, particularly with Newfoundland, in the export of pork, bacon, butter, lard, corn, and flour. It is also noted for its manufacture of glass ; and has breweries, foundries, and salt-houses. The harbour is about eight miles long, and is about seven fathoms deep, and vessels of 800 tons may come up close to the quay. The entrance to the port is commanded by Duncannon Fort, situated towards the sea, about seven miles from the city, on the opposite shore of the harbour, and below the junction of the Barrow with the Suir, which river is, at full tide, nearly a quarter of a mile wide ; its banks are beautified by villas and plantations, and Christendom church and the fine trees about it are reflected in its waters. The streets are in general narrow, but the quay is spacious and is nearly a mile long; at its extremity is Reginald's Tower, supposed to have been erected by a e b 3 282 No. 84. DUBLIN TO DUNGARVAN. Danish prince of that name in 1003; converted into a dungeon by Earl Strongbow in 1171; was the seat of a mint established by Edward IV. in 1463, and was bom- barded in 1643 by Cromwell, one of whose balls, it is said, is still visible near its summit. The form of this tower is circular : it constituted the east abutment of the city walls : it is now a police station. The principal public edifices are the Bishop's Palace, built of stone, the Exchange, the Town Hall, the County and City Prisons, and Court Houses, the Custom House, and the Bridge, 832 feet long, and forty wide, built of American oak, by Mr. Samuel Cox, architect, of Boston, in America. It crosses the river Suir, which divides Waterford from Kilkenny. Waterford is an episcopal see, to which that of Lismore has been united. The cathedral was founded by the Ostmen, but the present edifice is modern : it has a fine steeple, and the interior is hand- somely fitted up. There are also three parish churches, four Roman Catholic chapels, one of which, called the Trinity, is handsome ; several meeting houses, and nume- rous charitable institutions, including a fever hospital and a house of industry, a dispensary, and a mendicant asylum. Waterford formerly possessed several monastic buildings, the principal of which were the Priory of St. John, founded in 1185, by King John, who had his residence in this city ; St. Saviour's Friary, founded in 1226, and the Augustine Convent, of which the steeple remains, built by Hugh, Lord Purcel. There is an existing monastery. This city is governed by a mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, and returns two members to parliament. The elections for the county take place here. It was formerly strongly for- tified, but fell before the arms of Cromwell, and was also taken by William III. Waterford gives the title of Mar- No. 84. DUBLIN TO DUNGARVAN. 283 quess to the Beresford family : Clonegan Tower, erected in Curraghmore park, to the memory of a brother of the late lord, is 72 feet high. Government steam mail packets start every morning at five from Dunmore east for Milford Haven, performing the passage in about twelve hours. The harbour at Dunmore East, the packet station, is very extensive ; it is enclosed by a pier about 1100 feet in length, stretching into the Atlantic. At the extremity of the quay is a hand- some light-house, the design of which is taken from the pillars of the Temple of Psestum. There are also steamers to Bristol and Liverpool twice a week, and to Cork and Dublin. The exports have greatly increased. Pop. 28,821. Market days: Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs : May 4, June 24, and Oct. 25. Hotels : Commin's ; the Commercial ; the Bridge ; the Chamber of Commerce ; and the Packet. Seats : Curraghmore, Marquess of Waterford : this mag- nificent demesne is extremely picturesque, and commands a noble prospect of the Suir : it consists of 4500 acres, and has much fine timber. Strangers wishing to visit the grounds of Curraghmore, should not fail to procure an order for ad- mission from the agent of the Marquess at Waterford. His Lordship has caused designs to be prepared by F. Goodwin, for a splendid crescent, and other buildings. The village of Mayfield is situated three miles from Waterford, where also is the extensive cotton factory of Messrs. Maieolmson, which employs upwards of a thousand persons. Xew Geneva, Dunmore, the Hook Tower, on the Wexford point of the entrance to the harbour, and the sea-bathing town of Tramore, a post town, in the county of Waterford, are the usual excursions from Waterford, Tramore is a pleasant village, having assembly rooms, a market house, 284 No. 86. DUBLIN TO DUNGLO. a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and convenient inns. It is seated on Tramore Bay, six miles from Water- ford. Grandison Castle, on the banks of the Suir, near Waterford, is a fine and picturesque ruin ; and the vale of Carnock is considered by some superior to any in Wales. Pop. 2224. Fairs are held at Tramore on May 3, July 25, Oct. 1, and Nov. 1. No. 85. From Dublin to DUNGARVAN. Third Road. Through Carlow and Clonmel. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles'. Clonmel*, as at No. 27 • • • • ■ • 81 i Dungarvan* 10© No. 86. From Dublin to DUNGLO. Through Stra- bane, Castle Fin, and Fin Town. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda*, as at No. 1 ..... . 23J Stranorlar 1122 Castleblayney*, as at No. 7- « 51 J Ballybofey • • 113£ Strabane* as at No. 143 • • • ■ 101J Cloghan 118| Lifford* 1021 Fin Town- 125f Castlefin 107 Shallagan Bridge* • 1 30 J Killygordon 110 Dunglo* • • • 138* CASTLEFIN is a village and post town of Donegal, on the north bank of the River Fin. KILLYGORDON is in Donegal. A ruined castle is seen at the foot of a mountain, one mile and a quarter be- yond this village. Fairs: March 3, May 81, Aug, 31, Sept 29, Nov. 10, and Dec. 1. No. 87. DUBLIN TO ENNIS. 285 STRANORLAR is a pleasant market and post town of Donegal, on the north bank of the Fin. This fine stream runs parallel with the great road which traverses the centre of Donegal longitudinally from the lake near Fintown, as far as Lifford. It has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, two meeting houses, a dispensary, and a school, and pos- sesses a good linen trade. At Stranorlar the road crosses the river to Ballybofey on the opposite side. Pop. 641. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: March 29, June 11, July 6, Aug. 12, Oct. 10, and Dec. 9. Inn : Greer's. BALLYBOFEY is a neat market town of Donegal, on the south bank of the Fin. Contiguous to the town are extensive bleach-works, and on the opposite side of the river is Drumbo Castle, a handsome modern mansion, be- longing to Sir S. Hayes. At a short distance also across the river is Wells Town. Pop. 874. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: on the kst Thursday in January, February, and July ; Thursday be- fore Easter, May 21, and Dec. 21. Inn : Taylor's. CLOGHAN, a village and church, in the county of Donegal. FIN TOWN is a village of Donegal, situated near the egress of the river from Lough Fin. This lake is two miles in length ; and a mile from Fin Town is another small lake. Fairs: May 16, July 3, Sept. 3, and Nov. 3. No. 87. From Dublin to ENNIS. First Road, Through Limerick. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Limerick*, as at No. 3 • 94 Clave U2J Six-Mile Bridge 1023 Ennis 114£ Ardsallas 108* Meelick Abbey, in Clare, is three miles and a quarter from Limerick. Bunralty Castle is seen on the Shannon side ; 286 No. 87. DUBLIN TO ENNIS. it was built in 1277, and belonged to the Earl of Thomond. It was burnt in 1314, but is now restored and occupied by Mr. Studdart. Pop, 1491. Fairs: May 6, June 19, and Dec. 5. SIX-MILE BRIDGE, in Clare, is a post town, on the small river Gearn, from which a road on the left-hand pro- ceeds through the village of Newmarket to Clare and Ennis, being three miles shorter than the old road through Ardsallas. ARDSALLAS, in Clare, is a neat village, with a castle in ruins. A mile from it are the elegant Gothic ruins of Quirt Abbey, with handsome cloisters. Seat : Dromoland, Sir Edward O'Brien's, is situated close to the river Fergus : this fine mansion has very beautiful woods and a charming lake appertaining to it ; as well as a ruined castle, at the foot of a high hill. The Fergus is very broad at its junction with the Shannon. Fairs: May 12, and August 12. CLARE, giving name to the county, is a picturesque village, on the Fergus. On an island of this river is Clare Castle, used for a barrack. A mile farther is the venerable ruin of Clare Abbey, founded in 1195, by Donald ? Brien ? King of Limerick. Pop, 1021. Fairs: Saturday before Whit- Sunday, Aug. 17, Nov. 11. ENNIS, a post town, the capital of Clare, is situated on the Fergus. The church is a handsome modern structure, with a fine steeple, and close to it is the celebrated Francis- can Abbey, founded by O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, in 1250, and considered the most elegant Gothic monastery in Ireland; the windows are lofty, and are adorned with rich tracery. The other public buildings are the market house, town hall, court house : the Roman Catholic chapel, and No. 88. DUBLIN TO ENNIS. 287 methodist meeting house : the school on Erasmus Smith's foundation, the county gaol, the county infirmary, and the lunatic asylum. There is a considerable trade in corn, and the town has also a large flour mill and brewery, and exten- sive sales are made of linen and flannel, manufactured in the county. The town is governed by a provost, and returns one member to parliament. At Callen Mountain, eight miles west of Ennis, may be seen the Ogham or Druidical inscription : " Beneath this fiag is interred Conan the turbulent and sivij H -footed '," disco- vered in 1784, on a stone nearly eight feet long, by four broad, covering a tumulus. His death and burial are recorded by Ossian. The county of Clare was the ancient Thomond ; it is in the province of Munster, but once formed a part of Con- naught. Burren, a post town, a barony in the north of the county, is exceedingly rocky. Pop. 7711. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: Saturday after Easter week, and Sept 3. Inns : Stammer's and Carmody's. No. 88. From Dublin to ENNIS. Second Road. Through Shannon Bridge, Ballinasloe, and Loughrea. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Caste to Miles. Kilbeggan*, as at No. 98 44£ Aughrim 7» Lisminy 46£ Loughrea* 86 Clara 48* Kilchreest 89 Ballycumber 51£ Gort 98 Ferbane 57 Tabberindonny 102£ Shannon Bridge 65 Crusheen 105IJ Ballinasloe * 71^ Ennis* 112£ LISMINY is a village of King's County. On the road from Kilbeggan may be seen the ruin of Moycashill Castle, and the River Brosna. 288 No. 88. DUBLIN TO ENNIS. CLARA, in King's County, is a beautiful town by the Brosna, the banks of which are adorned by bleaching- greens. The chief objects in and near Clara are its church and the ancient castles of Erry and Kilcoursey, the latter being the name of the barony. In 1821, occurred in the vicinity of Clara, one of those extraordinary! phenomena termed moving bogs. The bog of Kilmaleady flowed in an uninterrupted course for three miles. Pop. 1149. Fairs: Feb. 1, May 12, July 25, and Nov. 1. BALLYCUMBER is a village in King's County, on the river Brosna. It has a church, and in the vicinity are several castellated ruins. Fairs : May 2, and Dec. 1. FERBANE is a post and fair town of King's County, pleasantly situated on the Brosna, and much celebrated for its antiquities. Cool Castle is seen near the Brosna River, on the road from Ballycumber; adjacent to Fer- bane also is the ruined castle of Killcolgan. The eccle- siastical remains at Clunmacnoise, and near Ferbane, have long engaged the attention of antiquaries. The cemetery, with the ruins of seven churches, is much famed as a holy place of sepulture, and contains tombs of many princes and chiefs, the ancient inscriptions of which are remarkable. The Abbey, built by St. Kieran, is a ruin on an eminence, commanding a grand and delightful prospect of the Shannon ; this was in early ages the site of a bishop's see, which now forms a part of the bishopric of Meath. The church of Feawpull Mac Dermot con- tains some remains of elegant architecture ; its carved doors and statues, and its highly sculptured cross, in one block of stone fifteen feet in height, together with nume- rous monastic vestiges, deserve attention. There are several other ancient crosses : the shaft of the cross, in No. 88. DUBLIN TO ENNIS. 289 two instances, is fixed in a square die of massive stone. Of the round towers near Ferbane and Clonmacnoise, the principal one is dilapidated ; it has its entrance twelve feet from the ground : the other round tower is small, but io good preservation. -Seats: Gallen, the fine demesne of A. Armstrong, Esq. ; Kincor ; Balylin ; Strawberry Hill, three miles distant, formerly the residence of Mr. Coghlan. Pop. 501. Fairs: Aug. 2, and Oct. 20. SHANNON BRIDGE. Here King's County termi- nates, and is bounded by Galway and Roscommon. Near this place the river Suck falls into the Shannon. AUGHRIM is a post town in the county of Galway, having a church and steeple, which are conspicuous on all sides from their fine situation. The priory of Aughrim, for canons regular, was founded here in the thirteenth century, and was granted to Richard, Earl of Clanricarde. The battle of Aughrim, fought on the 12th of July, 1691, between General Ginkell (afterwards created Earl of Athlone) and the Irish army, commanded by St. Ruth, a French general, who was slain in the action, decided the contest, which had been prolonged with much spirit by the Irish after the flight of James II. from the Boyne. The Irish army occupied a position upon Kilcommodon Hill. Pop. 587. Fairs: May 9, June 21, Oct. 14, Nov. 22, and Dec. 1. KILCHREEST, in Galway, has a church. Near it are two old castles, one of which is tw T o miles and a half distant at KilUnan Church. Fairs: Monday before Shrove Tuesday, May 1, June 24, and Oct. 29. 290 No. 89. DUBLIN TO ENNIS. GORT, in Gal way, is a thriving post town, the property of Viscount Gort. About two miles distant, attached to the ruined cathedral, which once was beautiful, is the Abbey of Kilmacduagh. The see of Kilmacduagh is united with Clonfert. The round tower, close to the cathedral, is 112 feet high, and 57 in circumference; it is above 17 feet out of the perpendicular; and, as a leaning tower, excites much observation. The Holy-well is surrounded by an inclosure. Gort also possesses a neat church, with a steeple, a Roman Catholic chapel, a court-house, and barracks. Three miles south-west is Lake Coutra, one of most beautiful lakes in Ireland. The river Gort is subterraneous, and there are several deep perforations of the earth filled by this stream : in one of which the water is above 60 feet in depth, and has no outlet : the hollow, called the Churn, is also remark- able. Near it is Lough Cooter Castle, the magnificent residence of Viscount Gort. Pop. 3627. Market Day : Saturday. Fairs : May 10, Aug. 11, and Nov. 7. TUBBERINDONNY, a village in Galway. Near it are several ancient castles. Fairs: July 12, and Sept. 20. CRUSHEEN, in Clare, has a lake, with a ruined castle at the extremity of the peninsula. No. 89. From Dublin to ENNIS. Third Road. Through Philipstown, Tullamoore, and Banagher. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Philipstown*, as at No. 102- • 38h Pallas Inn* 51 Ballinagar* 41 Frankford* 55| Tullamoore* t 46 Cloghan*. 62 No. 91. DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 291 Dublin Castle to Miles. Banagher* 66J Eyre Court* 71* Kilmure Bridge * 78^ Loughrea* • • 88 Kilchreest* 91 Dublin Castle to Miles. Gort* 100 Tubberindonny * 104£ Crusheen* 1071 Ennis* •• 114£ No. 90. From Dublin to ENNISKILLEN. Mail- Coach Road. Through Navan, Cavan, and Lis- NASKEA. Dublin to Enniskillen *, as at No. 80 794: No. 91, From Dublin to ENNISKILLEN. Second Road. Through Navan, Cavan, and Belturbet. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Cavan*, as at No. 80 54 Callahill* 681 Butler's Bridge* 57 Enniskillen* 80 Belturbet 61* BELTURBET, a post town in Cavan, is an ancient borough, disfranchised at the Union, and is governed by a provost. It is seated on the Erne River, not far from its influx into the upper lake; and is an excellent situation for the traveller who wishes to visit the shores of Lough Erne, as both roads are at his choice. The church, having a tower with a spire, the barracks, and the town hall, are the modern edifices. There is also a Roman Catholic chapel a mile from the town, and a Methodist meeting-house, a flower-mill, a brewery, and a dispensary. There are ruins of the castle beyond Belturbet bridge, and of a fortification 292 No. 91. DUBLIN TO ENNlSiULLEN. beyond the church ; also an abbey on the bank of the river Erne, in the vicinity of the Lough. Great quantities of linen are made in the neighbourhood of Belturbet. The town is the property of the Earl of Lanesborough. Pop, 2026. Market Day : Thursday. Fairs: Ash Wednesday, May 21, Whit Tuesday, June 12, July 21, Sept. 4. and Thursday after Nov. 12. Lough Erne is a grand expanse of fresh water, divided into two parts, one forming a triangle fourteen miles by nine, the other being ten miles by six ; they are united by a crooked channel six miles long. Hundreds of islands, from a few yards in extent, to several miles of surface, luxuriate in its waters, and hills that spring from the very bosom of the lake, rise on all sides, studded with gentle- men's residences, amidst rich plantations. Its effect is calm, cheerful, delicious : the epithet of Ireland's Windermere is not beyond its deserts. Its outlet is by a rapid stream, which at Ballyshannon tumbles over a ridge of rock into the sea. It possesses some extremely pretty islets at the southern extremity, and on every side receives rapid streams ; some of which are rendered the more interesting from having previously issued from Lough Machnean and other charming lakes : this great supply accounts naturally for the development of the lower lake, over a space of above twelve miles in width, after the tide has swept along in its narrow current past the town of Enniskillen. For its outlet, see the article on Ballyshannon. The celebrated islands of Lough Erne are well worthy of notice. The mansion of Bellisle possesses a charming island for a demesne ; and Castle Hume peers over its beau- tiful wood, surrounding a deep bay of the lake. Many islands, of either lake, exhibit very ancient monastic ruins. At Tunis mach sent, in the centre of twenty islands of Lough No. 92. DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 293 Erne, was an abbey, founded by St. Ninian ; another in Clinish Island ; a third in lnniscawen ; a fourth in Errois ; a fifth in Tunis Rock ; but the chief foundation was in Devenish Island, near Emiiskillen : this Augustine abbey was originally erected in the sixth century ; but, in conse- quence of destruction by fire, it was frequently re-built. St. Mcylaise's House is an antique and arched building ; and his bed, so called, is also shown : adjoining, is Devenish round tower, built of hewn masses of black rock ; it is 76 feet in height, and nearly 14 feet in diameter. No. 92. From Dublin to ENNISKILLEN. Third Road. Through Navan, Cavan, and Clones. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kells*, as at No. 80. 31 i Drum 55| Moynalty 35^ Clones 61J Bailieborough 43 Donough 67a Coronery • 471 Enniskillen* 79a Coote Hill 52| MOYNALTY, in Meath, is a village and post town, with a church, situated near a stream of the same name. Pop. 220. BAILIEBOROUGH, is a town of Cavan, on a branch of the river Blackwater. The church commands a good view. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting- houses, a sessions and market house, and a dispensary. On the side of a lough, at a short distance, is Baillie- borough Castle t and near it a chalybeate spring. Pop. 1085. Market-day: Monday. Fairs: Feb. 17, May 17, June L5, August 17, Oct. 14, and Nov. 17. CORONERY, is a village of Cavan. On the road side c c 3 294 No. 92. DUBLIN TO ENNIS&ILLEN. from Bailieborough are seen several pretty lakes ; and within a mile of Coronery, is Knockhride Bridge ; its church is seen near another lough. COOTE-HILL is a market and post town of Cavan, seated on a river of the same name : it possesses a con- siderable linen manufacture, and has good breweries and distilleries, and an excellent inn. It has a neat market- house, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and several meeting houses. Pop. 2239. Market Day : Friday. Fairs : monthly. Seats : Bellamount Forest, beautifully wooded, the de- mesne of Charles Coote, Esq. ; Dawson's Grove, a pleasant residence of Viscount Cremorne, surrounded by loughs ; in the grounds is a stately mausoleum. DRUM is a village of Monaghan, one mile beyond the confines of Cavan : here are two loughs. About three miles beyond it is the church of Drumswords. Fairs : monthly. CLONES, anciently pronounced Cluaneois, is a market and post town in Monaghan, possessing several interesting antiquities. Amongst them are the high rath, with a table top ; a second larger rath, now depressed, and of little ele- vation ; the ancient market cross ; the monuments in the abbey cemetery ; the round tower, with walls four feet thick ; and the ruins of an Augustine abbey, once episco- pal, which was founded by St. Tigernach, a victim of the plague in 548. This abbey was rebuilt by the English in 1212, and donnish castle was then erected. Clones has a handsome modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, and a dispensary. Near the town is a medicinal water, called the well of Granabuy, which cures the jaundice. There is a considerable and increasing trade in corn. No. 93. DUBLIN TO ENNISTIMON. 293 Pop. 2381. Market-day: Thursday. Fairs: last Thursday of each month. Seats: Lissnabruck is a mansion, near the lough side, on the road to Drumswords church ; Knock bally more, Viscount Erne, is two miles from Clones on the Donough road. Donough is a village of Fermanagh, on a stream flowing into Lough Erne ; here is a small lough, and a ruin of an ancient church. Fairs i Julv 10. and Aug. 26. Dublin Castle to Miles. Limerick*, as at No. 3- • • ■■• 94 Ennis*, as at No. 87 ■ • • I14| No. 93. From Dublin to ENNISTIMON. First Road. Through Limerick and Ennis. Dublin Castle to Miles. Eunistimon 127\ feet long and o\ broad, placed on the top of (our others, and was formerly encircled by a ring of large stones. 33 i'eet F F 3 330 No. 105. DUBLIN TO THE in diameter. Some of these stones still remain in their position. Near Ballintoy is a stratum of wood-coal, which was formerly worked ; the veins are mixed with strata of basalt. The vein caught fire some time ago, and continued to burn for years, until the mass of basalt rock thus undermined fell in, and smothered the flames. Supported by the duty on foreign or British coal, and the attendant bounty, these mines used to furnish coal to Coleraine and Port Rush ; but the competition is given up : they are no longer worked. Wood-coal is also found at Portmore, which is the chief bed of it ; at Killymurrys, near Dunloy, in the centre of the county; and at Portnoffer, at the Giants' Causeway. The ancient Castles of Kenbaan and Dunseverick are romantically situated on the cliffs by the sea-shore, and some of the small bays are occupied by the houses of per- sons employed in the salmon and cod fisheries. The whole of this extraordinary line of coast may be seen by hiring a boat at the Giants' Causeway, and rowing to Ballycastle. It is varied by upright basaltic ranges of columns ; promontories of red keil, covered with herbage and sea- wrack ; a rocky beach, with here and there a bay of brilliant yellow sand ; isolated rocks of limestone, or chalk ; large caverns excavated by the waves ; and falls of water pouring over the mantling brows of the precipitous shore. Off this coast is Raghery, or Bagjilin Island, containing about 2000 acres, and consisting of an irregular crescent, 5 miles from horn to horn. The channel which separates it from the main land is called Slunk-na- Marra, and is about 3 J miles across. The passage cannot always be GIANTS' CAUSEWAY. 331 effected, as the swell of the north sea currents is very heavy after a breeze, or at spring tides. A boat fit for the excursion may be hired at Ballycastle ; whence it is distant nearly 5 miles. Church Bay is the best landing-place, but there is neither village nor inn. The island is entirely the property of Mr. Gage, and is esteemed a pleasant residence by the inhabitants, who, with the exception of that portion employed in the fisheries, seldom visit Ireland. The coasts partake of the beautiful and basaltic character of the Antrim shore, and in several places rise more than 300 feet above the level of the sea. At Boon Point, the basaltic columns have a very curious appearance. On the cliff, at the east end of the island, is Bruce' s Castle, so called from the gallant Robert Bruce, who fortified it and successfully resisted his enemies during the civil wars of Scotland. At the west end of the island are Bull Point, rising 270 feet, and Lough Cliggin ; and at the south extremity, near Ushet, is Lough Runaolin. The island contains a church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. Pop. 950. Off the Bay of Ballintoy, which is commodious for boats, is Sheep Island, capable of feeding with its fine herbage about ten sheep in the summer season. Close to the Antrim cliffs is the celebrated fishing-rock known by the name of Car rick-a- Rede. A boat can pass between it and the opposite precipices, but the oars must be taken in, as the channel is so narrow, as only to allow the use of a boat-hook against the rocky sides; this passage is only practicable in a calm, as a boat would be lost here in rough gales. The rope-bridge, extending from cliff to cliff, 60 feet apart, is affixed to the top of the rocky points about 80 feet high, and is a favourite venture with enterprising travellers. It i^ only put up, how- 332 No. 106. DUBLIN TO GLENARM. ever, during the fishing season. On the rock is a secure fishing-house, which, from the water, seems perched in a nook. No. 106. From Dublin to GLENARM. First Road. Through Drogheda, Belfast, and Larne. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge*, as at No. 1 • • • • GOh Lame 97k Belfast*, as at No. 30 80 Cairncastle 100h Carrickfergus - • 88 Glenarm 105£ Ballycarry 92h The road from Belfast to Carrickfergus passes along a level tract of land which has been recovered from the sea, and now bears luxuriant crops. On the right is Belfast Lough, which, at high water, presents a charming aspect ; and on the left are numerous villas and planta- tions, backed by Cave Hill, which is 1064 feet high, and is composed principally of limestone crowned by a mass of basalt 290 feet thick. The summit is called M c Art's Fort, and it affords a fine prospect of the bay and the Irish sea to the coast of Scotland, as well as the whole of the county of Down. It was on this shore, near White a4bbey, that William III. landed. Belfast Lough, or Bay of Carrickfergus, is a beautiful exr panse of water, at the mouth of the Lagan, extending twelve miles in length, and about five at its greatest breadth. It is almost free from rocks and shoals, and is constantly enlivened by the passage of shipping. About a mile from the south shore is a pool, where vessels may ride at anchor in low wafer, though the bank within a few yards is quite dry. At flic entrance of the lough are the Copeland Islands. .So. 106. DUBLIN TO GLEN ARM. 3SS CARRICKFERGUS, the county and assize town of Antrim, is situated on the north shore of Carrieklergus Bay. It is a county of itself, and a borough returning one member to parliament. It was anciently walled and fortified, and had four gates, one of which only (the north gate) is standing. Its history is particularly interesting ; it was taken by Robert Bruce in 1316 ; its governor, De Burgh, was murdered in 1333 ; the town was subsequently increased by the Scots, followers of M'Donnell of Glen- arm, and the Scotch quarter was built : the castle was taken and retaken by various commanders : in 1568, Sir H. Sidney landed here, and received the submission of O'Neil, the Irish chief: in 1689, it surrendered to Schom- berg : June 4th, 1690, William III. landed at the pier : in 1770, the French, under Thurot, made a descent here, and surprised the castle ; and in 1778, the bay was visited by the celebrated Paul Jones. The castle is a magnificent object, situated on a rocky point of the bay ; it was founded in 1178 by Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, and re-erected by Sir H. Sidney about 1570. In 1790 it was repaired, and made a depot for arms and ammunition. The summit of the keep commands a fine view. The monastery of Car- rickfergus, founded by Hugh de Lacy, in 1232, for Fran- ciscans, was granted to Sir E. Fitzgerald, and afterwards came into the hands of Sir A. Chichester, Lord Deputy, who erected a castle on its site. The church is an old and irregular edifice, containing some monuments of the Chichester family, a window of stained glass, representing the baptism of our Saviour, and several ancient tombs. Amongst the public buildings are the county sessions house, erected in 1778; conti- guous to which is the gaol, the town court house, and prison ; there are also two meeting houses, and near the 334 No. 106. DUBLIN TO GLENARM. town is a Roman Catholic chapel. Most of the streets are narrow, and many of the houses old and dismal, but it is improving, and rapidly increasing ; for, in 1800, it had but 475 houses, and in 1831 they amounted to 1490, so that it will probably in the end gain more by the enfranchisement of Belfast, than it would otherwise have done. The corporation consists of a mayor, burgesses, sheriffs, and recorder. The town carries on very little trade, but has some manufactories of linen and cotton ; and employs a great number of hands in the fishery of the bay. It was the chief commercial town in these parts, up to 1640, hav- ing an overwhelming right of impost on all goods imported in the district. Belfast having at that period, for the small sum of 2000/. liberated itself from its yoke, has, by a more liberal course, quite eclipsed it. The shores of Carrickfer- gus, being free from muddy ooze, are well suited to bathing ; on this account, the cottages along them are let in summer at very considerable rents. Seats: Castle Dobbs, surrounded by trees, is the man- sion of Mr. Dobbs ; it is two miles and a half from the town ; and beyond it is Bellahill, the residence of Harriot Dalway, esq. : the ancient castle of his ancestry is seen on the road side, in a lower site than the present mansion ; it has two towers, supporting an embattled gateway, and is in good condition. Pop. 8706. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : May 12, and Nov. 1. Inns : Anderson's and Hull's. A short distance from Carrickfergus, on the old road, towards Larne is Lough Mourne, which occupies an emi- nence about 500 feet above the level of the sea, and is three miles in circumference. BALLYCARRY is a village of Antrim, at the head of Lough Larne ; it is incapable of much improvement and No. 106'. DUBLIN TO GLENARM. 33-3 extension, being ill provided with water : at its entrance on the right is Templecoran church in ruins ; it belonged to the Prebend of Kilroot, which Dean Swift resigned, on account of its too great seclusion. Beyond it is Red-Hall, the seat of the late Richard Gervase Kerr, Esq., now the property of David Kerr, Esq., of Portavo : here is a subter- raneous river which descends into the Salt Hole, but the egress of the stream is unknown. In the Salt Hole, the Scottish followers of James M'Sorley, M'Donnell, Earl of Antrim, lay in ambush in 1597, for Sir John Chichester, governor of Carrickfergus, who, being deceived by a pre- tended flight of his adversaries, fell into the snare, and M'Donnell struck his head off on a stone in the Glynn. Pop. 247. Fairs: June 21, Aug. 21, and Oct. 31. From the Salt Hole to Larne the road is hilly, but good, and about three miles from this place affords a beautiful prospect. Near the village of Glynn, about a mile from Larne, are vestiges of a chapel, supposed to have been founded by St. Patrick. LARNE is a market and post town of Antrim, situated on a narrow inlet of the sea, called Larne Lough, and is a clean and well-paved town, particularly the new part. The harbour, though small, is the best port between Belfast and Derry, and is surrounded by the most romantic mountain scenery. Larne is much frequented as a watering-place, and carries on considerable trade in provisions, linens, salt, and lime. The linen manufacture flourishes here, and there are flour-mills, salt works, and a cotton manufactory at a little distance from the town. The principal buildings are, the church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and several meeting houses. Pop. 2616. Market Days : Wednesday, and on the first 336 No. 106. DUBLIN TO GLEN ARM. Monday of every month, for yarn, flax, and cattle. Fairs i July 31, and Dec. I. Inns : the Antrim Arms, and the King's Arms. In the vicinity cf Larne are several objects worthy of notice. On the road from Larne, towards Ballynure, is Tubbermore Well, the waters of which turn two mills. At the extremity of a peninsula, called the Curraan, forming the north side of Larne Harbour, are the ruins of Oldfleet Castle, and on the road to it may be seen the remains of Clondumale 's Chapel. This castle was erected by one of the Bissets, who possessed the property in this vicinity in the time of Henry III. It was here that Lord Edward Bruce, the brother of the Scottish king, landed in 1315, with the design of conquering Ireland, an attempt which created great misery, and was the cause of much bloodshed through- out the kingdom. From Oldfleet castle there is a ferry to the peninsula, improperly called Island Magee, as it is not separated from the main land. Having landed, the tourist will perceive two roads ; one of which, towards Brown's Bay, will be the best route. At a short distance is a Druidical Cromlech, and to the east of Brown's Bay is a rocking stone, called the Giant's Cradle. About two miles farther, beyond Portmuck, are the Gobbins, basaltic cliffs, 200 feet high, reaching as far as Black Cave Head. Over these heights were precipitated the bodies of thirty catholics, who had been cruelly massacred by Monroe, the Scottish commander of Carrickfergus castle, in the reign of Charles I., a period when cruelty and retaliation were often indulged in. At Portmuck are the ruins of a castle ; and south of the Gobbins is Castle Chichester, beautifully situated. At the west end of Island Magee is Slaughter Ford, a rivulet, so No. 106. DUBLIN TO GLEN ARM. 337 called in memory of the massacre above mentioned ; and a hill near it, surmounted by a lighthouse, is named Mar- derslay. The whole coast is rugged, and is lashed by the surges of a heavy current, which has, in several places, particu- larly beneath the Gobbins, perforated the cliffs in the form of caves. Along the shore are gathered large quan- tities of the dullisk marine plant, which is a favourite article of food with the peasantry. Laver is also found and prepared here. The Gobbins are also frequented by various kinds of wild-fowl ; the most remarkable of which is the goss-hawk ; a pair of these birds was formerly the tribute, or rent, paid for the peninsula; and the festival of Hawk-lifting, on Midsummer- day, is still a lively scene of merriment. The process of lifting the hawks, as the catching of them is termed, is performed by men who have ropes fastened round their waists, and are then lowered down the front of the cliffs to the nests of the birds. Kelp is made along the east coast of the peninsula ; and herrings, turbot, and blockens, are caught here in great quantities. In this peninsula, formerly stood the monastic houses of Kill Reran and White Kirk. Off the mouth of Old Fleet Harbour, and north of Magee Island, is a cluster of rocky islets, called the Maidens. Beyond Lame, the country is well cultivated, though not populous ; it is rather tame, but at the distance of about two miles on the left of the road towards Glenarm, is seen Agnew's Hill, one of the highest in the county, the summit being 1450 feet above the level of the sea. Here is Kill- water Castle, the splendid mansion of Mr. Agnew. All around, between the savage hills on one side, and the sea G G 338 No. 106. DUBLIN TO GLEN ARM. on the other, is, with the exceptions of Killyglene church* and here and there a solitary hut, wild and bleak. CAIRNCASTLE is a village of Antrim, with a small church, seen beneath the Salah Braes — a range of precipi- tous hills composed of limestone and basalt, surmounted by turf. The old ruin of Cairn Castle stands on an insulated rock at the foot of Ballygelly Promontory. Here the sea forms a fine open bay ; above which, on a rugged site, is Shaw Castle, the venerable mansion of the Shaw family. East of the Salah Braes is Knock Doo, or the Black Hill, a conical mountain of gloomy appearance. As the road approaches Glenarm, it commands a fine view. * GLEN ARM is a small post town of Antrim, delightfully situated on a mountain stream, and encircled by high ridges, some of which are composed of lime, much used for manure as well as for mortar. The coast here is re- markably picturesque, and the bay is much resorted to for bathing. Near the beach is the church with its cemetery, and adjacent are the remains of the Franciscan friary, founded in 1465, by Robert Bissett, a Scotchman, who had fled from his own country for being concerned in the mur- der of the Duke of Athol. The meeting house, which was erected in 1762, at the expense of the Earl of Antrim, occupies a commanding eminence overlooking the bay. There is also a market house, and a new stone bridge. Glenarm Castle, the modernised mansion of the Countess of Antrim, is a noble building, surrounded by fine planta- tions. The little deer park, on the south side of the bay. is a scene well worthy the tourist's attention. The road leading into Glenarm, from Larne, is at present over a mountain of nearly two Irish miles, steep and difficult of ascent, but the new coast road, by the base of the mountain, No. 107. DUBLIN TO GLEN ARM. 339 is almost finished. Its plane has been chiefly cut from the rocks which hang in apparent fearful suspense over the road. The barrier to protect the road from the Northern Sea storms, has several times been carried away, but is now held to be capable of withstanding the severest shocks. No object can be more worthy attention than the bold design of this admirable road, by which the facility of seeing this coast, unequalled in beauty, has been so much increased. To the scientific traveller, a richer vein could scarcely be opened. Pop. 880. Fairs : May 26, and Oct. 29. No. 107. From Dublin to GLENARM. Second Road. Through Drogheda, Belfast, and Bal- LYNURE. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Utiles. Banbridge*, as at No. 1. • • 60* Ballynure • • • 90$ Belfast*, as at No. 30. 80 Kilwaghter 95.\ Caramoney* 86 Cairncastle* 98£ Straid • • 89* Glenarm* 1035 STRAID is a village of Antrim, on a bleak ridge of low hills. BALLYNURE is a pleasant village of Antrim. Pop. 415. KILLWAGHTER is a village of Antrim, near Agnew's Hill. Here is a torrent bearing the same name. 340 No. 108. From Dublin to GLENDALOUGH, or the SEVEN CHURCHES. By the New Military Road. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Mile*. Rathfarnham 3 Glendalough ■-- • 24 Togher Inn 18 RATHFARNHAM is a village of Dublin. It has a church and a Roman Catholic chapel. In the churchyard are deposited the remains of Lord Avonmore, the friend of Curran. Seats : Rathfarnham Castle, the seat of the Loftus family, belongs to the Marquess of Ely. Bushy Park, the seat of Sir Robert Shaw, Bart. The Military Road commences at Rathfarnham, and, crossing the central part of the mountainous district of Wicklow, forms a communication between Dublin and the interior and south-west parts of Ireland. It was constructed after the rebellion of 1798, and terminates at the Barracks of Agavanagh. Pop. 1572. Fair: July 10. GLENDALOUGH, or the SEVEN CHURCHES, as it is commonly called, is an ancient city, which enjoyed considerable celebrity in the early ages of Christianity, but now consists only of a few ruined edifices, seldom visited except by the curious traveller or the enthusiastic pilgrim. It is situated in the valley of Glendalough, amidst the mountain fastnesses of Wicklow, and is about five miles north-west of Rathdrum. This valley is about 1\ miles in length, and varies in breadth from 1000 to 2000 yards. It is surrounded on every side, except that by which it is entered, by steep and lofty mountains, and presents a scene of striking grandeur and sublimity. St. Kevin, or Coemgene, who founded the first abbey No. 108. DUBLIN TO GLENDALOUGH. 341 in this romantic vale, was born in 498, and upon taking the cowl is said to have retired to these wilds, where he wrote the Life of St. Patrick, and other works; he died in 618, at the great age of 120. Glendalough shortly after- wards became a bishop's see, and continued so till 1214, when it was united to the archbishoprick of Dublin. To this union, however, a long resistance was made, and it was not till 1497 that friar White made a formal sur- render of the see in St. Patrick's cathedral, Dublin. A narrow road, but passable for carriages, commences at the east end of the valley, and leads to the ruins of the city, which are about a mile from the entrance. The first object that strikes the attention is the Ivy Church, so called from the vesture in which it is clad. This was a small chapel of rude execution, and is now quite in ruins. At one end of it were the remains of a round tower, but these fell down in 1818. About a quarter of a mile distant is the market place of the ancient city, whence a paved road, some portions of which are still visible, led to Hollywood, on the borders of Kildare. Near it is St. Kevin's rivulet, said to possess miraculous healing powers on Sundays, Thursdays, and on the festival of the Saint, provided that the immersion take place before sun rise. The visitor then crosses the Glendason river by a series of stepping-stones, and arrives at the area in which the Seven Churches, properly so called, are situated. The entrance is formed by a stone archway 16 feet wide. The most prominent object is the cathedral, originally built by St. Kevin. It is in the Saxon style of architecture, and the nave measures 47 feet by 30 : the east window is richly carved, and diminishes so much as to become a mere loop-hole ; beneath it are some curious sculptures. Near the cathedral are the ruins of a building called the G G •') 342 No. 108. DUBLIN TO GLENDALOUGH. Priest's Cell, and a stately tomb. In the churchyard ar* some remains of ancient crosses, one of which is an entire block 11 feet high. Here also is a round tower in ex- cellent preservation ; it is 110 feet in height, and the circumference, at the base, is 52 feet. Nearly parallel with the cathedral stands St. Kevin's kitchen, the least decayed of the Seven Churches. It is roofed with thin stones, and at the west end is a circular steeple. The interior measures 23 feet by 15, and com- municates by an arch with a small chapel. To the west of the cathedral stood Our Lady's Church, now in a ruinous condition, and overgrown with ivy, but bearing indications of superior architectural taste and knowledge. The Rhefeart, or Sepulchre of Kings, celebrated as the burial place of the princes of the race of O'Toole, is situated on the other side of the stream which flows from the upper lake in the valley. The church itself is a shape- less ruin, and the cemetery is overgrown with brambles. Near the Rhefeart is a conical heap of stones, to which pilgrims resort to do penance. In a recess of Mount Lugduff are vestiges of Team- pull-na-Skellig, or Priory of the Rock, or Temple of the Desart, and in a rocky projection near it is St. Kevin's Bed, a cave which is almost inaccessible. The Abbey, which is the most eastern church, was dedi- cated to St. Peter and St. Paul, but is so ruinous as to have lost nearly all trace of architectural character. The sculptures with which it was adorned present, however, some very curious devices. Near it is a chapel or ora- tory, which contained the tomb of St. Kevin. The two lakes, from which this valley derives its name* (Glendalough, i. e. Valley of the Two Lakes) are situated to the west of the cathedral, and are divided by a watery No. 103. DUBLIN TO GLENDALOUGH. 34$ meadow. Rocky eminences project boldly above these lakes, and afford the daring pedestrian prospects of awful sublimity. Superstition and legends are the natural pro- ductions of scenes of this character. Ascending the Avonbeg, about 4 miles south-west of Glen- dalough, we come to the Vale of Glenmalure, a wild district of considerable celebrity in Irish history, as the retreat of Teagh O'Byrn, in the time of Elizabeth. It is 4| miles in length, and is bounded by steep mountains, and almost inaccessible rocks of gloomy and frowning aspect. The Avonbeg rises here, and flows down the centre of the valley, and the road runs parallel with it along the entire length. In the middle of the vale are Drumgoff Barracks, capable of containing 300 men, and near it is a very comfortable inn. Here the traveller may procure a guide to assist him in the ascent of Lugnaquilla, the highest mountain in Wicklow, being 3070 feet above the level of the sea, as well as to visit the lead mines of Ballinafinehogue. From Glendalough the traveller may go to Wicklow, which is 11 miles distant, passing by the village of Derry- baun, with a lofty hill of the same name ; Anamoe, where there is a tolerable inn for pedestrians ; near the DeviVs Glen, one of the most picturesque dales of Wicklow ; Glenmtrc Castle; and thence by Newry Bridge to Wicklow* 344 No. 109, From Dublin to HEADFORD. Through Kinnegad, Athlone, and Tuam. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athlone*, as at No. 100. • • • • 59h Castle-Hackct 97h Tuam*, as at No. 124. 93 Headford 103 CASTLE HACKET, in Galway. At the foot of Knockmac Hill ; close to this place is a castle ruin. Three miles beyond the village is a small circular lough, with a church near its bank. Fair : Oct. 2. HEADFORD is a handsome post town of Galway, with a church and spire, a Roman Catholic chapel and school, and has a linen and woollen manufacture. Near it is a fine ancient mansion of the St. George family; the demesne occupies about 2000 acres all inclosed, and commands magnificent views of the Connemara mountains, Lough Mask, Ross Castle, &c. The river Blackwater flows from hence into Lough Corrib, passing in its course the beautiful ruin ef Ross Abbey, two miles west of Headford. This great lake is 32 miles long, and from six to eight in breadth ; it contains many beautiful islands. The Gillaroo trout are in great estimation. Pop. 144-1. Fairs: May 11, and Oct. 14. No. 110. From Dublin to HILLSBOROUGH. Through Swords, Newry, and Dromoiie. Dublin Castle to Mites. Dublin Castle to Miles. Uanbridgc*, as at No 1 . • ■ ■ • 60h Hillsborough* 69£ Dromore* ■ • • Gfi 345 No. 111. From Dublin to HOWTH. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Milct. Ballyboughbridge H Raheney Strand 44 Fair View If Baldoyle 5£ Clontarf Town • • 2£ Howth 7 Sheds of Clontarf 2\ CLONTARF is a village and sea-bathing place in the county of Dublin, situated on a delightful strand, and surrounded by fine groves, parks, and villas. It commands a fine view across the bay of Dublin, including the Wicklow mountains; the lighthouse, at the end of the long wall, and pier, Bray Head, the Sugar Loaves, the Scalp, the church of Irishtown, and the entire city of Dublin, with Nelson's pillar. On a moonlight night, when the silvery beam shoots across the rippling waters of the harbour, this extensive prospect is still more sublime than by day. The church was rebuilt in 1609 : it contains several monu- ments. There is also a Roman Catholic chapel, and a charter school. The castle is inhabited by the Vernon family, the proprietors of the town. The Greenlane, one of the avenues of the town, is much admired and resorted to by visitors in the summer season. Handsome baths are erected in various points near the north wall, &c, and the sea- water is likewise conveyed to baths in Dublin. In the battle of Clontarf, fought in 1014, against the Danes, fell the Irish heroic monarch, Brian Boroihme. Near this also, Alan, Archbisop of Dublin, was slain in a revolt of the son of the Earl of Kildare. Pop. 1309. RAHENEY is a pleasant village of Dublin, surrounded by a beautiful tract of pasture ; its church is on an emi- nence. All the roads from hence, through the peninsula, are extremely sequestered and picturesque. Pop. 282, 346 No. 111. DUBLIN TO HOWTH. BALDOYLE is a pleasant village and bathing-place beyond the North Bull, or bank of Shingles, forming the north side of the bay. The views of the promontory, the rocky isles, and the marine prospect, are delightful. The whole of this shore is extremely picturesque ; and is fre- quented by a great variety of birds. Pop. 1009. HOWTH is a port and post town of the county of Dublin, romantically situated on the promontory, known by the appellation of the Hill of Howth, the highest point of which is 567 feet above high-water mark. The mails and passengers from Holyhead, which used to arrive here, have been removed to Kingstown harbour, which is found to be more certain and commodious. Many fishing-boats are kept by the inhabitants of this interesting village. The lighthouse stands on the point called the Bailey; besides the ruin of Holm Patrick on Ireland's Eye, Howth itself has a fine specimen of antiquity in the remains of its abbey. Howth Castle is the much- admired seat of the Earl of Howth, whose family name is St. Lawrence; it is sur- rounded by richly-planted grounds, and has a noble view to the west of the Bay of Dublin. There is also a race- course made by Lord Howth. In the hall is preserved the sword of Sir Armoricus Tristram, an ancestor of the Earl of Howth, who fought gallantly against the Danes. Here also is a full-length portrait of Dean Swift, by Bindon. The pier was constructed at a considerable expense, under the direction of J. Rennie, Esq. Howth has an excellent lighthouse ; and to the south, at Kingstown, there is another, for the direction of ships sailing into Dublin Bay. The Protestant church, erected in 1816, is a good building, with a steeple. Howth has also a Roman Catholic chapel, a school, and several establishments for the No. 114. DUBLIN TO KELLS. 347 instruction of the children of Roman Catholics. The Island of Ireland's Eye, a rugged but picturesque rock, opposite the mouth of the harbour, has an ancient chapel on it. Pop. 797. The Hotel (McDowall's) is an excellent one. No. 112. From Dublin to IRVINESTOWN. Through Kells and Cavan. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Enniskillen*, as at No. 80 • • 79£ Irvinestown 87 IRVINESTOWN is a market and post town, in the county of Fermanagh. The Gothic church has a square tower, and there are two meeting houses. The school house is on Erasmus Smith's foundation. Pop. 1047. Market day: Wednesday. Fairs: the 8th of each month. Kish, a post town, is distant four miles and a half; Tril- lick is five miles from Irvinestown. No. 113. From Dublin to KELLS. First Road. Through Dunshaughlin and Navan. Miles. Dublin to Kells *, as at No. 80 31! No. 114. From Dublin to KELLS. Second Road. Through Lucan, Maynooth, and Trim. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Kilcock *, as at No. 100 \\\ Dunderry Bridge 28 Summerhill* 20 Kells* 36*J Trim * 25 348 No. 115, From Dublin to KENMARE TOWN. First Road. Through Cork, Macroom, and Kilgarvan. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Cork *, as at No. 27 126 Knightsbridge 151 Oven's Inn* 130i Kilgarvan 162 Macroom * 142! Kenmare 167$ KNIGHTSBRIDGE, in Cork. Here is the mansion of Sir Nicholas Colthurst, Bart. Near it is the nunnery of Ballyvourney. KILGARVAN is a town of Kerry. Pop. 157. KENMARE is a well-built post town of Kerry, on the River Kenmare, which is thirty miles long, and near its mouth above three in breadth. The public buildings are, a modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a bride- well. Lord Kenmare has a splendid mansion at Killarney. The seat at Kenmare Town is a lodge, belonging to the Marquess of Lansdown. On a height, on the bank of the river, there is a loose rock of limestone of great dimensions, although no other appearance of lime can be traced on the same side of the river. This beautiful inlet of the sea is hemmed in by mountains, some of which are conical, and have fine cultivated slopes. A new pier has been lately constructed by the Marquess of Lansdown, and many excellent houses are building. There are several islands in the Kenmare river, one of which is named Ormond Isle. Ardea Castle is a ruin on a precipice close to the river side. Pop. 1072. Fairs: March 15, May 22, July 1, Aug. 15, Sept. 26, Nov. 20, and Dec. 20. Inns: The Lansdown Arms, and the King's Arms. 349 No. 116. From Dublin to KENMARE TOWN, Second Road. Through Limerick, Rathkeale, Castle Island, and Killarney. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Abbeyfeale *, as at No. 3 123s Mucruss * 146i Castle Island* : 1335 Kenmare * 1554 Killarney* 143£ No. 117. From Dublin to KILDARE. First Road : Through Naas and Newbridge. Miles. Dublin to Kildare* as at No. 3 • 24f No. 118. From Dublin to KILDARE. Second Road, Through Lucan, Clane, and Kilmeague. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to MUes. Kilmeague*, as at No. 129- • 22£ Kildare* 28* Rathbride 26* RATH BRIDE is a village of Kildare. No. 119. From Dublin to KILKENNY. First Road. Through Castle Dermot and Leighlin Bridge. Miles, Dublin to Kilkenny*, as at No. 27 57i 120. From Dublin to KILKENNY. Second Road. Through Naas, Kilcullen Bridge, and Athy. Dublin Castle to Miles, Dublin Castle to MUes Kilcullen Bridge * as at Castlecomer * 45£ No. 27 =•• 21 Kilkenny* -- 55 Athy * 32# H K 350 No. 121. From Dublin to KILKENNY. Third Road. Through Athy, Timohge, and Ballynakill. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kilcullen* as at No. 27--- 21 Ballinakill * 47£ Athy * - - - 32£ Ballyragget • • ■ 52f Timohoe*..-- 41£ Kilkenny* 62$- BALLYRAGGET is a small post town of Kilkenny, pleasantly situated near the river Nore. Near it is a handsome stone bridge of ten arches across the Nore. Ballyragget has the ruins of a castle, a neat Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and a school house. Seat : the mansion-house of Thomas Kavanagh, Esq., on whose estate Ballyragget is situated. Pop. 1629. Fairs: Jan. 11, Feb. 20, April 20, May 9, June 22, July 22, Sept. 4, Oct. 20, and Dec, 10. No. 122. From Dublin to KILLALA. First Road. Through Mulling ar, Lanesborough, and Ballina. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Kinnegad *, at 29h French Park 83£ Mullingar* .38£ Ballaghaderin ••• 89* Racondra • 44£ Ballaghy •••- J>7S Moyvore ..>. • • • • 48 Swineford 103 Ballymahpn 52| Ballylaghan 110 Lanesborough • 62£ Foxford ........ Il2h Strokestown "• • 70 Ballina •••120i Tulsk 7H Killala-.-.-.. ••• 127 Belanagar ■ 81 RACONDRA, in Westmeath, is a village, with a neat church. '.Seat : Meare's Court, two miles distant. MOYVORE, in Westmeath. Near this village is a fine seat, called New Castle, and two and a half miles distant m No. 122. DUBLIN TO KILLALA. 351 jForgney church. Beyond Moyvore we enter the county of Longford. Pop. 213. Fairs: May 4, Aug 20, and Dec. 5. BALLYMAHON is a well-built post town of Longford, seated on the lnny, over which is a bridge of five arches. The Shannon and the Royal Canal also pass near this place, and enable it to carry on a considerable trade. Ballymahon has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and an old market house. The views in the environs are pleasing, and the banks of the lnny derive considerable interest from having been frequently visited by Oliver Goldsmith in his boyish days. At Pallas-more, 3 miles from Ballymahon, is the house in which Oliver Goldsmith was born. Seats: Castle Cor, said to have been built in imitation of the round tow r er at Windsor Castle. Ballymulry, finely situated on the lnny. Pop. 1081. Fairs: Thursday before Ash Wednesday, March 1, May 11, Aug 11, and Nov. 21. LANESBOROUGH is a handsome market and post town of Longford. It was a borough until the union, but is now disfranchised. It has an excellent stone bridge across the Shannon. The Royal Canal joins the river some miles above Lanesborough bridge, and at an equal distance below the town the Shannon forms the expanse of Lough Ree, in which are seen some very beautiful islands. The Earl of Lanesborough' s family name is Butler, but the place receives its name from the Lane family. Lanes- borough has a well-built church and cavalry barracks. It carries on an extensive trade in corn. On the banks of the Shannon, two miles distant, is the great hill of Rathline, the summit of which commands a fine view. Here also is a very ancient castle, dismantled by Cromwell, as well as a village of the same name. Pop. 390. Market day: Wednesday. Fair ; Feb. 12. 352 No. 122. DUBLIN TO KILLALA. STROKESTOWN is a market and post town of Ros- common, with a modern gothic church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a session house. Close to the town is the mansion of Mr. Mahon. A mile distant are annually held the races and cattle fair of Ballinafad, which take place on the 27th of August, and continue for a week. Pop. 1548. Market day : Friday. Fairs: third Tuesday in May, June, Oct., and Nov. TULSK is a village and post town of Roscommon. It is now a small place, but contains the ruins of some important edifices. The principal is the abbey, of which a square tower and various walls are standing. This was the seat of the O'Connors, whose strong castle is now a ruin. Tulsk is a disfranchised borough. Seat : Foxhorough, one mile distant. Fairs : Easter Monday, Friday before Whit-Sunday, Aug. 20, and Nov. 3. BEL AN AGAR is a village of Roscommon, with a ruined chapel. On the roadside, two miles distant, is an ancient church, and to the right is an abbey ruin. In the vicinity are several country seats. FRENCH PARK is a post town in Roscommon, and near it is the handsome mansion of Mr. French. At some distance beyond it is the church. The river Gara here forms the boundary of Roscommon. Pop. 447. Fairs: May 21, July 12, and Sept. 1. BALLAGHADERIN is a village and post town of Mayo, near the Gara river. It has an ancient castle. Pop. 1147. Fairs: monthly. BALLAGHY, in Mayo. Near it is an old barrack, and 2£ miles beyond it is a castle ruin. Pop. 343. SWINEFORD is a market and post town of Mayo, and derives its name from a small stream which passes by the town, near which used to be held a considerable market for No. 122. DUBLIN TO KILLALA. 3^ pigs. It has a Gothic church, erected in 1810, which contains a handsome monument to one of the Brabazon family, who are proprietors of the town. There are also a market house, over which is an assembly room; a Roman Catholic chapel, a school house, and a good inn. A con- siderable trade in corn is carried on here. Seats: Neiupark, Sir A. Brabazon, Bart.; Newcastle, belonging to the O'Donnels. Near the ruins of Melick church, 3| miles beyond Swineford, is a round tower in a perfect state. Pop. 813. Market day: Tuesday, Fairs: May 20, July 2, Aug. 18, and Dec. 18. BALLYLAGHAN, in Mayo. Here is a ruin of the castle of Ballylaghan ; and on the Swineford road is a ruin called Temple Roe. FOXFORD is a post town of Mayo, on the eastern bank of the river Moy, over which is a good bridge, it has an ancient castle and modern barracks; a handsome church and market house, and has an improving linen market. The river joins another stream, and flows into Lough Conn, 1 J mile from Foxford ; the lake is interspersed with islands, and furnishes the Gillaroo trout: it is nine miles long, and connected with lake Cattin, which is three miles over : there is a bridge across the channel that con- nects them. These lakes are not remarkable for beauty ; they are said to ebb and flow. The west bank is shaded by the long steep side of Mount Nephin, one of the largest hills of Mayo : it is 2640 feet in height. Seats : Moorefield and Keromore. Pop. 1068. Fairs : May 15, June 25, Oct. 3, and Dec. 10. B A LUX A, in Mayo, is a well-built and flourishing post town, with good shops, on the Moy river, over which h it 3 354 No 122. DUBLIN TO KILLALA. is a fine old bridge of sixteen arehes, connecting it with the village of Ardnaree. It contains a small church, with a neat modern spire ; and a splendid Catholic chapel, lately built; also breweries, flour mills, and a tannery. Its trade, particularly in grain, is considerable, and the salmon fishery is increasing. A mile from the town is a good quay by the Moy, which facilitates the communication with Killala. Colonel Gore has a handsome mansion near the town. Pop. 5510. Market day: Monday. Fairs: May 12, and Aug. 12. Inn : Madden' s. One mile beyond Ballina is a castle, on the edge of the river; and two miles beyond that, at the head of the bay, is seated Connor Castle, commanding a noble pros- pect; as well as another ruin, Roserk Abbey, in which the construction of a confessional of hewn stone is remarkable. KILLALA is a small sea-port and post town of Mayo, and was a bishop's see, to which that of Achonry, in Sligo, was united in 1607. The see has now merged in the arch-diocese of Tuam. The cathedral is now used as the parish church ; and the deanery house is in the town. There are manufactures of woollen and of coarse linen, as well as a considerable fishery. Of antiquities, the principal is the round tower, at the extremity of the town. The Moy here falls into the western ocean, and the bay exhibits some exquisite scenery. A French detachmentj under General Humbert, landed here in August 1798, and possessed themselves of Killala and Ballina; their progress was stopped at Castlebar, and they surrendered at Ballynamuck to the king's forces; the rebels were routed near Killala. Pop. 1125. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: May 6, Aug. 17, and Nov. 8. 35o No. 123. From Dublin to KILL ALA. Second Road. Through Mullingar, Lanesborough, and Castlebar. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad*, as at No. 100 • • 29h Ballinlough 89| Mullingar* 38£ Ballyhaunis 93i Racondra* 44£ Ball 107d Ballymahcm* 52h Minola 1093 Lanesborough* 62£ Castlebar 114i Strokestown* 70 Crossmolina 1283 Tulsk* 75£ Beel Castle . . 131 Castle Pluuket 7H Killala* .... 1372 Castlerea 84i CASTLE PLUNKET is a town of Roscommon. South Park, a handsome residence, is three miles beyond it, and one mile farther on the road is the ruin of an abbey. Fairs: May 14, Aug. 13, and Oct. 11. CASTLEREA, is a pleasant market and post town in Roscommon. Here, on the site of an ancient castle, is an elegant house of Lord Mount Sandford, the proprietor of the town ; the river Suck flows through the grounds. The church of Castlerea is a handsome gothic structure. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, some fine bleach-fields, flax-mills, and an ancient bridge. Cloonales, a seat of the O'Connor family, is one mile beyond Castlerea. Pop. 1172. Market days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: May 23, June 21, Aug. 23, and Nov. 7. Inns: Two. BALLINLOUGH, in Roscommon, is a long stragglino- town. It has a neat church, and a tolerable inn. Near it is a chalybeate spring. Fair : Sept. 29. BALLYHAUNIS is the first village on this route, in the county of Mayo. Here the scenery changes, and the 3o6 No. 123. DUBLIN TO KILLALA. ornamented landscapes of Roscommon are succeeded by the' verdant mountains of Mayo. The Augustine Abbey is a stately ruin, and about four miles beyond is a lake, with vestiges of an ancient castle. Fairs: June 1, July 2, Sept. 22, and Oct. 29. BALL is a charming village of Mayo, near a rivulet. It possesses the vestiges of a line abbey, founded by St. Mocha. The holy well is much frequented, and close to the village is a round tower of great height. One mile and a half from Ball is Mayo, whence this county, the largest in extent in the whole kingdom, receives its name. It exhibits merely some foundations of a cathedral, an abbey, and other buildings. Its university was once cele- brated, and the old chroniclers notice how much it effected in the education of the princes of Ireland and England, and in the dissemination of the Christian doctrine. Fairs : May 1 and 2, June 11, Aug. 12, Sept. 24, Oct. 1-5, and Nov. 7. Seat : Moat, which is the handsome residence of Sir R. B. Lynch, Bart. MINOLA is a village of Mayo, with a small lough on either side of it. It is seated near a fine stream. Three miles farther is the village of B'reafy, with a gentleman's seat adjacent. Pop. 450. Fairs : June 2, and Nov. 8. CASTLE BAR, the county town of Mayo, was, pre- vious to the union, a borough, returning members ; but it is now disfranchised. This is a good town, and the inhabitants are respectable, wealthy, and industrious. The great street is a mile in length ; it has two good bridges across the river, which issues from Rabeen Lake, a short distance south west of the town. In 1798, the 'French force, under Humbert, possessed themselves of the town, No. 124. DUBLIN TO KILLALA. 357 which they held from the 26th of August until the 4th of September. The old castle, which gives in part name to the place, is on an eminence, and serves for a barrack. The green area, in the midst of the town, is planted, and forms a beautiful mall. The court house is a good building, and here also is the county gaol. The Earl of Lucan, owner of the town, has endowed a charter school. His lordship's house stands on a commanding hill, with a lawn and grove, down to the river's edge. Castlebar has a church, a neat Roman Catholic chapel, Methodist meeting house, bar- racks, and infirmary, a distillery, brewery, and tannery, market shambles, and a linen hall. The dealings in linens form an important part of the busy market of this fine town. Loch Conn is about 7 miles from Castlebar, and is 10 miles in length, and from 1 to 3 miles in breadth. Pop. 6373. Market day : Saturday. Fairs: May 11, July 9, Sept. 16, and Nov. 18. The Inns, Foy's and Sheridan's are respectable, and are situated in Market Street. CROSSMOLINA is a village of Mayo. The most remarkable object is the ruin of the abbey, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Pop. 1481. Fairs: May 23, Sept. 12, and Dec. 17. No. 124. From Dublin to KILLALA. Third Road. Through Athlone, Tuam, and Castlebar. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athlone*, as at No. 100 59£ Kilglasson 102* Ballymullalon 64 Hollymount 105* Thomas Street 69* Balcarra 115 Ballyfarnan 71* Castlebar* 119i Ballynamore 74* Crossmolina 134* Newtown Bellew 82£ Killala* 143* Tuam 93 US No. 124. DUBLIN TO KILLAI^A. BALLYMULLALON is a village of Roscommon. On the river Cronaugh is an ancient castle, 1| mile distant towards Athlone. THOMAS STREET, in Roscommon; 1| mile east is Dysent church, and a lough extends along the road to the right, within a mile of Thomas Street village. Seats : Bally ma and CloonagJi. BALLYFARNAN is a town of Roscommon, on the east side of the river Suck, over which is a good bridge. BALLYNAMORE is a village of Galway, on the river Suck, which the road crosses twice, between this place and Newtown Bellew. Here are many neat country seats. Fair: Aug. 21. NEWTO WN-BELLE W is a village in Galway. Near it is the ruin of Castle-Bellew ; and beyond it is seen Moylough church. Six miles beyond Newtown- Bellew is a castle ruin ; and near Castle Moyle, a handsome seat, is the ruin of a church. Farther on is Moyne Abbey, a stately edifice, founded in 1460 for Franciscans, on the bank of the river Moyne. The abbey has a handsome square tower, ascended by a flight of 101 steps; the remaining cloisters are of superior workmanship, and the Gothic windows exhibit very beautiful tracery. Fairs : May 28, Oct. 11, and Nov. 11. TUAM is a well-built post town of Galway. and is governed by a sovereign and burgesses. It is an archi- episcopal city, and was formerly a borough. An abbey, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, was first founded here in 487; and in the ancient church of the Shrine, St. Jarleth was buried. There is a Roman Catholic college, .1 handsome chapel, and free school. The abbey church was converted into a cathedral in the sixth century. There were two other monastic foundations; but the No. 124. DUBLIN TO KILLALA. 359 churches were all burned in 1244. The present cathedral is a neat edifice, with a lofty spire; and there is a spacious but antiquated palace for the archbishops. To this see, under the late arrangements, the suffragan bishoprick of Killala is added. The diocesan school is an excellent institution, and has a well-built school house. The trade and manufactures of this place are considerable, the in- habitants are opulent, and the market is well supplied. The market house stands on square pillars in the centre of the town, and all the streets and shops have a neat appearance. The old castle of Claddagh was a fortress, romantically situated amongst hills. Pop. 6883. Market days : Friday for linen, and Satur- day. Fairs : May 10, July 4, Oct. 10 and 20, and Dec. 15, Inns : the Connaught Hotel ; the Mitre Hotel. KILGLASSAN is a village of Mayo. HOLLYMOUNT is a town of Mayo, on the river Robe, The church is handsome. ' Seats: Adjoining is the mansion of Mr. Lindsey; 4 miles beyond Hollymount, to the left, was NewbrooJc House, the magnificent seat of Viscount Clanmorris. Two miles beyond Hollymount is the ruin of an ancient castle, and three miles farther are several small lakes. Lough Carta is a very beautiful lake, surrounded by crags, and a rude, romantic district. Fairs: May 16, and Dec. 11. BALCARRA is a village of Mayo, seated beneath a great mountain. Near a rapid stream, which falls into Lough Conn, Mount Nephin terminates the prospect with its grand outline, and on the west borders this great lake. Near it is Lord Tyrawley's mansion. Balcarra church h a handsome building. Fairs : Feb. 2, June 4, and Nov. 10. 360 No. 125. From Dublin to KILLALOE, Through Mountrath, Toomavara, and Nenagh. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Toomavara*, as at No. 3. /. . . 69| Killaloe* 86* Nenagh* • 75 No. 126. From Dublin to KILLARNEY. First Road. Through Maryborough, Limerick, Abby- feale, and Castle Island. Dublin CasUe to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Abbeyfeale*, a8 at No. 3. ■ • 123£ Killarney • - • 143| Castle Island* - 133| THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY. KILLARNEY, in the county of Kerry, is a market and post town celebrated for its mountains and the lakes in its vicinity. We shall proceed at once to notice briefly the most beautiful objects, recommending those who wish for a more detailed description, to consult the excellent " Guide to Killarney," by the Rev. N. G. Wright. The town of Killarney is situated in the barony of Magunihy, and has a clean and cheerful appearance. It is most readily approached by the Cork road, as the mail from Dublin conveys the traveller to the southern capital most economically; and a convenient coach from Cork arrives at Killarney in the afternoon ; by this course the visitor can be refreshed after his journey, for the next morning's more arduous ramble. Killarney is well built, but none of the houses -command any prospect of the i:n„u.r,{ l., f S,;i-*ll„UJiur,i Sir:' Bl.vm,-!^ .,,.n,i,ii*ii»i hi, x /,„,/,, /a .v/,,„„i. No. 126. DUBLIN TO K1LLARNEY. 361 adjacent lake. In New Street, is the Kenmare Arms Inn, and there are two other very respectahle inns in the prin- cipal street. The linen manufacture is making rapid progress here, under the patronage of the noble proprietor. Here also are three clubs and public reading-rooms, in which travellers will be kindly received. The church contains many handsome monuments, and the east window is painted. It is not a beautiful building, but the exterior has some degree of grandeur. The Protestant free school is a new building, supported and patronized by the towns- people and neighbouring landholders. In New Street is the Roman Catholic chapel, containing the monument of Dr. Gerald Tahan, a prelate, who died in 1797. The titular bishop has a handsome residence adjoining this chapel. The Presentation convent in New Street has, by the gift of Lord Kenmare, a sum of one hundred pounds annually : this nobleman grants clothing for thirty of the girls educated at the convent; and also clothes and apprentices twenty boys of the Catholic school. Quarter sessions are held in Killarney, and the manor court for the recovery of small sums is held by the seneschal once in each month. Pop. 7910. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : July 6, Aug. 10, Oct. 7, Nov. 11 and 30, and Dec. 28. Inns: the Kenmare Arms ; and the Hibernia. Adjoining the town, on a marshy level, is the seat of Lord Kenmare, surrounded by avenues of large trees. At the rear of the house is a terrace, abruptly terminated by a wide ha-ha. The interior contains a private chapel, and some of the rooms are hung with tapestry. In the ball room is a picture of Handel crowned by Apollo, and a table, made from a single plank of yew, three feet broad. Busts of George II. and Grattan, from the I i 362 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. chisel of Turnerelli, decorate the staircase. The hall is paved with beautiful marble, raised on the lands of Cahir- nane, and is ornamented with busts of Wellington and Blucher. This mansion has an excellent garden. In visiting the lake a considerable expense is incurred in hiring one of the boats which are kept in readiness for the tourist ; they are the property of Lord Kenmare, and can only be obtained at a stipulated price : in addition to which, each of the boatmen, of whom there are generally four, receives 2s. per day, as well as dinner, and a bottle of whiskey. The boat is also usually accompanied by a coxswain, a gunner, and a bugleman. The extent of the lakes is about ; — Lower lake 4^ miles by 2, Turk lake 2 by 1, Glena bay 1 by |, and Upper lake has an average, of very unequal proportions, of 1| by half a mile in width. ROSS ISLAND. Ross Castle is built on a point of land which advances into the Lower lake, and in the rainy season is insulated by the waters collecting in the marsh. In summer, how- ever, this peninsula, which the term Ross denotes, is con- nected with the shore by dry land, as the castle is by a bridge and causeway. It is named Ross Island, and is the largest on the lakes. Ross Castle has a military governor, and a small detachment of soldiers. It was strongly garrisoned during the civil war, and was besieged in 1652 by Ludlow, who succeeded Ireton in the command of the Parliament's forces in this kingdom. Having de- feated Lord Muskery, in the county of Cork (in which action M'Gillicuddy, an Irish colonel, was slain), Lord Broghill, the gallant son of the Earl of Cork, joined General Ludlow, and pursued the remnants of the Irish No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 363 army to Ross Castle. Having conveyed his long boats from Castle Main with much difficulty, and launched them on the lake, Ludlow intimidated the garrison to a surrender. A new building is attached to the square ivy-mantled tower of the ruined castle, the battlements of which command a fine view of Mangerton, Turk, Glena, &c. The island is covered by young plantations, amongst which are many beautiful shrubs. The lead and copper mines of Ross Island are no longer worked. In Ross Bay is situated the boat-house. At the moment of embarkation the bugle is sometimes sounded, and an echo is heard as if proceeding from the castle, and more remotely from the slopes of Mangerton : this echo is the finest from the shores of the lakes, and is particularly beautiful if heard in the evening. o'donohue's prison, &c. O'Dojiokue's Prison is a steep rock, nearly 30 feet high, so called from a chieftain of gigantic stature, who is sup- posed to have consigned his enemies to this barren spot. His celebrated white charger has also a local record in another rock, resembling a horse, close to the Mucruss shore, named O'DonoJiue's Horse. To the north of O'Donohue's Prison are Heron and Lamb Islands, and farther to the west is Rabbit or Brown Island, containing quarries of limestone, which is burnt for agri- cultural purposes. Mouse Island, so called from its diminutive size, is a rock situated in the channel, between Ross and Innis- fallen. 3(i4 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. INNISFALLEN. The Island of Innisfallen is situated to the west of Ross Island, and is, as its name imports, a beautiful or healthy- island. It has but two landing places, one of which has a mole where tourists disembark. This beautiful spot consists of 18 acres, laid out by nature in delightful variety of woodland, knoll, and lawn. The timber of Innisfallen consists of gigantic oak and ash trees, whilst the arbutus and the holly form the underwood. Amongst the curiosities pointed out to the visitor are, a holly 14 feet in circum- ference : a hawthorn growing through a tomb-stone near the abbey ; a crab-tree, with an aperture through which the guide recommends ladies to pass ; and the Bed of Honour, a projecting rock shaded by an old yew, and so called from having been visited by the Duke of Rutland when he was Governor of Ireland. The abbey of Innisfallen was founded in the sixth century, by St. Finian, but the ruins now visible are evidently of much later date. In 1180 the island was ravaged, the abbey plundered, and the priests slain, by Maolduin O'Donaghoe. The Annals of Innisfallen, pre- served in Trinity College, Dublin, may be referred to by those who wish for more historical information. These MSS. comprise a history of the World, from the creation to a. d. 430, from which period to 1320, they refer solely to Ireland. At the south-east corner of the island is an ancient chapel, with a Saxon doorway ; it is called the oratory, but has been fitted up by Lord Kenmare as a banqueting room, and commands a fine view. The pastu- rage in this island is celebrated for fattening cattle ; a few cows and a flock of sheep are taken care of by a resident family. No. 126. DUBLIN TO K1LLARNEY. 26o TOMIES AND GLENA MOUNTAINS, O'SULLIVAN'S CASCADE, &C. Tomies and Glena are wooded promontories, whose rocky sides abruptly range along the water's edge, opposite to Innisfallen island* Their bleak mountain summits are seen beyond the forest, which grows on their slopes, and extends above five miles. Tomies mountain is about a mile and a half from Innisfallen. In Tomies bay is a rude quay, beyond which the tourist may proceed by a rugged path, along the side of a rapid stream, to 0' Sullivan's Cascade, which descends a romantic ravine in three falls over ledges of rock. The roar of this grand cascade, as the water rushes into the cavities which it has formed, is terrific. In the grotto, formed beneath a rock projecting over the lower basin, is a stone seat, from which the sublime scene may be con- templated. Re- embarking at the quay, the tourist sails over deep water, at the bottom of which the peasantry assert car- buncles may be seen in clear weather. Pearls are als/> said to have been formerly found in the lake and in the river Lane. In the county of Kerry amethysts of some value have at various times been discovered. glena, &c. Coasting along towards the Upper lake, the toiirict passes Stag Island, Burnt Island, and Darby's Garden, all situated near Glena Point; and, leaving Castle Lough bay to the east, proceeds, beneath the woods of Glena, to Glena Bay, the scenery of which is as varied as it is beautiful. On its western shore are a holly, an oak, an n 3 366 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. ash, a hazel, a birch, and a thorn, so curiously incorporated, that they appear but one tree. Glena Bay is remarkable for an echo, and has an excel- lent fishery of trout, perch, and salmon. Parties resorting to the lake frequently dine at Glena Cottage, most beautifully situated at the base of Glena mountain, and sheltered by a hanging wood close to the lake. The salmon caught here are split from head to tail, and cut into pieces, which are pierced with skewers of arbutus wood, supposed to give them a peculiar flavour, and roasted over a turf fire. The peasant who takes care of the cottage, has a little hut behind it, and always gives visitors a welcome reception. Stag hunts occasionally take place, when the spectators wait in their boats to view the stag, pursued by hounds and huntsmen, merge from some bushy dingle of Glena forest, and take the water, where he is intercepted by the sportsmen, and borne to shore. The stag, or red deer, is still found in the woods surrounding these lakes. CASTLE LOUGH BAY, &C In Castle Lough Bay, between Ross Island and Mucruss promontory, is a good fishery. Here also, amongst others, are Cow Island, Friar's Island, Ash Island, and, close in with the shore of a cove beneath Mucruss Abbey, Sugar Island. At the mouth of this wide bay are Pigeon, Jack- daw, and Crow Islets, also a long strip of land named Coarse Island, and a pretty rock called Yew Island, Castle Lough is the seat of Dr. Lawler. The castle itself was nearly razed to the ground by Ludlow. The vicinity of this bav is flat land. No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLAKNEY. 367 TURK LAKE, DINIS ISLAND, TURK COTTAGE, AND CASCADE. The most beautiful entrance into Turk Lake is by the circuitous channel on the Glena side of Dims Island ; but there is also an entrance on the other side of the same island, and another under Brickeen bridge. The tourist should land on Dinis Island, to survey the beautiful lawns and groves with which it is adorned. Here is a neat cot- tage, where parties frequently dine ; it commands a pleas- ing prospect of the whole lake, which is about two miles long, and one broad : as well as Turk and Mangerton moun- tains, and Turk cottage. Hence he may re-embark, and coasting along the south side of the lake, have a fine view of Turk Mountain, a beautiful conical hill, wooded to a con- siderable height, as well as of the opposite shore, which forms an excellent contrast. At the east end of the lake is Turk Cottage, belonging to Mr. Herbert, and about a furlong behind it is a beauti- ful fall of 60 feet, called Turk Cascade, which is supplied from a lake on the summit of Mangerton. This small lake is denominated the Devil's Punch Bowl, and hence the rivulet which flows from it has the name of the Devil's Stream. The tourist should then sail round the east and north sides of the lake, noticing the Devil's Island, which appears to have been separated from the Mucruss shore by an earthquake, and, passing by Brickeen bridge, return to Dinis Island. MUCRUSS ABBEY, &C. Leaving Killarney to the north, and proceeding towards Mangerton, the tourist pnsses by Woodlawn Cottage, on 368 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. the river Flesk ; Cairnane, the seat of Mr. Herbert ; Lord Headley's Lodge, and Castle Lough. The river Flesk falls into the lake at the back of Ross Island, opposite to Pigeon Island. An avenue of lime-trees borders this road from Flesk Bridge to the village of Cloghereen, which is two miles from Killarney, and forms the entrance to the beau- tiful demesne of Mucruss. Mucruss, or Irrelagh Abbey, is surrounded by fine trees. It was founded by Donald McCarthy, A. D. 1440, as a house for Conventual Franciscans, and further improved by him in 1468, a short time before his death. In 1602 it was rebuilt by the Roman Catholics, but was soon after allowed to decay. This beautiful edifice originally con- sisted of a nave, choir, transept, and cloisters, the remains of which are still very perfect. The tower, at the junction of the transept and nave, rests upon four narrow, but elegant Gothic arches, which are partially concealed by the shrubs rooted in the mouldings. The choir has a gloomy and solitary appearance, which is heightened by the numerous relics of mortality scattered about in every direction. On the floor is the tomb of the McCarthy Mores, and on the walls are several monuments of ancient date. The tracery of the great eastern window is parti- cularly beautiful. Adjoining the choir is a small chapel. The old bell of this abbey was found in the Lough some years ago. The cloisters, which are 40 feet square, are in good pre- servation, and exhibit various styles of architecture, some of the arches being Gothic, and others semicircular, or Saxon. The great yew tree in the centre spreads its boughs over the side-walls, and by its dark sepulchral foliage, adds much to the solemnity of the scene. The dormitory, kitchen, refectory, wine cellars, and other No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 369 chambers, formerly tenanted by the monks, are still in tolerable preservation ; but the evidences of the ravages of death are too prominent to encourage very close in- spection. The thin deal coffins of the peasants are seldom sunk more than two feet below the surface. The cemetery south of the abbey is also crowded with tombs. Mucruss, the mansion of the Herbert family, is an old and plain building, but is advantageously situated, and commands a good view of the lake. The demesne is co- vered with wood, and is traversed by an interesting winding path, which extends as far as the extremity of Brickeen Island. The Peninsula and Brickeen Island are connected by a bridge erected by H. A. Herbert, Esq. : it consists of one arch, 17 feet high, and 27 in span. Mucruss Peninsula contains a quarry of beautiful marble. Iron ore and cop- per have also been obtained in it. MANGERTON MOUNTAIN. '• This mountain is 2693 feet in height, and may be easily ascended from Cloghereen, either on horseback or on foot. At this village the tourist should procure a guide, who carries a horn, and is generally accompanied by a number of men and boys, who press themselves into the traveller's service, regardless of his entreaties to the contrary. In about half an hour, an elevation is obtained commanding a fine view of the lake and its islands, and beyond this the path gradually increases in interest. Along the mountain may be seen the road between Mangerton and Turk, lead- ing to Nedheen, or Kenmore, which is 11| miles from Killarney. The tourist soon arrives at the Devil's Punch Bowl, an oval basin about a quarter of a mile in diameter, the waters of which are very cold and dark, and supply the Turk Cascade already mentioned. It is supposed by 370 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. some to be the crater of an extinguished volcano. Here the guide blows his horn so as to produce an extraordinary effect. From the Bowl a path leads to the summit of Manger- ton, which, in fine weather, commands a most extensive prospect, embracing the course of the river Kenmare, the coast towards Bantry, the Reeks, and the Sugar Loaf, overlooking the bold Kerry shores distinguished by the improvements of Lord Headly, and the estates of Daniel O'Connell, Esq. (Cahir Lieven), and the Knight of Kerry ; whilst to the north west are seen the Tralee Mountains, as well as Castlemain, Dingle, and Miltown Bays. From Mangerton the tourist of stout nerves may de- scend the Glen of the Horse, or, as it is called by the mountain peasantry, Glen-na-Capull, this being a . much more interesting, though more dangerous route, than that by which he ascended. The easiest entrance to it is by the opening through which the superfluous waters of the Bowl descend to Turk Cascade. One side of this soli- tary glen consists of craggy rocks, to which the mountain eagles resort as a secure retreat ; and at the bottom are two small loughs, on whose brink a few sheep and goats occasionally procure subsistence. The effect of the horn in this obscure glen is particularly fine. From the ridge between Glen-na-Capull and the Bowl may be seen several loughs, the most remarkable of which are Lough Na-Maraghnarig, in a very lofty situation, and lower, in Glan Flesk Mountain, Lough Kittane, which is 2 miles long and 1 broad. If the traveller return from 'the summit of Mangerton by the same route as he ascended, he should entrust his horse to one of the numerous attendants by whom he will be accompanied, as the descent is performed much better on foot. He may then ride back to Killarney. No. 126'. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. ,371 AGHADOE. Aghadoe cathedral church is a venerable ruin, 2| miles from Killarney, and is celebrated for its view of the lake, and of the lofty hills which are closed in by the reeks. The last half mile of the route is not passable for carriages, as the church is out of the high road. The abbey of Aghadoe appears to have been of considerable dimensions and antiquity ; the door is carved with rich Saxon orna- ments, and there were loop-holes in the east wall giving but a scanty light to the chancel. The cemetery of the Roman Catholics at this place is crowded with skulls, bones, &c, and is frequently very offensive. Near the church is a round tower, 20 feet in height; and here also is the pulpit, consisting of the remains of a round castle, 30 feet in height, and 25 in diameter. At the north west corner of the church is a rough stone, 7 feet long, with an Ogham inscription. The characters of which it is composed are 3 J inches long, and are formed of horizontal or of perpendicular lines, from which unequal but parallel direct lines project ; the measure of these causes variation, and they seem to bear an affinity to the simplest of the Chinese characters. The Ogham letters were used by the ancient Irish, but are now unintelligible cyphers. On the left of the road from Killarney to Aghadoe is Prospect Hall, from the grounds of which there is a charming view of the lakes. DUNLOE CASTLE. This ancient castle is rather more than 2 nyles beyond Aghadoe, and is situated near Laune-Bridge, which is built over a river of the same name. During the civil 372 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. wars, in the time of Elizabeth and Cromwell, it formed a retreat for the chieftains of Kerry. It is now the resi- dence of Major Mahoney, having been modernized and fitted up in a commodious manner. The floors of some of the apartments are of yew. The battlements command a fine view of the surrounding country, which is thickly wooded. Beyond Dunloe Castle a narrow road leads to Dunloe Gap, a grand and romantic defile nearly four miles in length, situated between Tomies Mountains and M'Gilli- cuddy's Reeks. The hills at its entrance are called Holly Mountain and Bull Mountain, and their sides are almost perpendicular. Skirting the first part of the road is a small lake, reflecting the dark hue of the mountain hanging over it, and beyond this the scenery assumes an aspect truly appalling. At the extremity of the Gap is a road leading to Gheramine Cottage, the seat of Lord* Brandon, surrounded by delightful grounds. Here also is the Valley of Comme Duff, at the west end of which is the Red Trout Lake. Almost opposite the end of the Gap is a cascade, the waters of which form several small lakes in the valleys, and finally enter the Upper lake at Cariguline. CARRAN TUAL. This is the highest peak in the vicinity of Killarney, being 3410 feet above the level of the sea, and is the most difficult of access. Its name, Car ran Tual, signifies " in- verted reaping hook," to which the outline of the upper part is said to bear a strong resemblance. The excursion to Carran Tual is an undertaking requiring considerable strength and resolution, as at least seventeen hours will be necessary to go from and return to Killarney, fourteen No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 373 of which must be occupied in active exertion. The tra- veller should ride from Killarney across Laune bridge, and turning to the right, beyond Dunloe Gate, will arrive at a small village at the foot of the Reeks, where he may hire a guide. Here he should leave his horse, or send it back to Killarney, having previously ordered a boat to meet him at the boat-house at the west end of the upper lake, and given directions for dinner at Ronan's Island. From the village a horse-path crosses the hills to Mr. Blennerhasset's Lodge, seated on the banks of the Giddah river, which is seen winding through the vale in its course to the Laune. The tourist then obtains a view of Dingle Bay from Lishbaun Mountain ; and crossing the Giddah, passes through a vale to the Hag's Glen. On the left are the precipitous sides of the Lower Reeks, and opposite to them appears Konnoc a Brianin, or the Hill of the Sheep Raddle. Here may be seen the Hag's Tooth, a conical rock projecting from the mountain, the Hag's Lough, with an island in the centre, the Devil's Lough, &c. Hence the ascent is prosecuted by the narrow channel of a moun- tain-torrent to the summit of a ridge, which leads to the highest peak. The view from this spot is very extensive, embracing the Tralee Mountains, Bantry Bay, the har- bours and rocky coast of Kerry, including the bays of Castlemaine and Dingle, together with an endless variety of nearer objects. Amongst the plants growing here, London Pride abounds. The principal stone found is sandstone. Along the ridge of the Reeks are seen several pools. The awful nature of the declivities is little understood when contemplated from this elevated position ; the Lower Reeks appear foreshortened, and seem to consist of K K 374 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEV. inclined planes, whilst the glaring expanse of the lakes is often presented to the eye in a deceptive proximity. The tourist should now descend to the valley of Comnie Duff, beyond which a rugged path of four miles will lead him to the boat-house on the Upper Lake, whence he will be conveyed to Ronan's Island. He may then return to Killarney. THE UPPER LAKE. The entrance to the Upper Lake from the Lower, or from Turk Lake, is formed by a natural channel, bounded on the north-west by Glena and Long Range Mountains, and on the south-east, by the base of Turk and the droop- ing mountain. It is of unequal breadth, and about three miles in length. In this passage there are many fine views ; the tourist should also notice 0' Sullivan' 's Punch Bowl, an eddy near Old Weir Bridge, Plummets Island, and a large mass of rock called the Man of War, to which it certainly bears considerable resemblance. The Eagle's Nest, which forms the prominent object in the passage, is a steep coni- cal rock, about 1300 feet in height, the base being covered with wood, and the upper part adorned with a few moun- tain shrubs, which add greatly to its beauty. The nest, from which the mountain derives its name, is situated near the summit, and appears like a black spot. Beneath the crags of the Eagle's Nest is an echo of extra- ordinary power, repeating the sound of a cannon like successive peals of thunder. Music also here produces a charming effect. The Station for Music, as it is called, is on this side the river, and the Station for Audience on the other. Beyond the Eagle's Nest, the tourist passes numerous rocks and islands, amongst which are Holly No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 375 Island, the Four Friends, Newfoundland Mountain, &c. He then arrives at the passage into the Upper Lake, which is not more than 30 feet broad, and is called Coleman's Leap, tradition asserting that a man of this name once jumped across it. The impression of his foot on the opposite rock is of course still visible. On the left is the peninsula called Coleman's Eye. The Upper Lake consists of about 720 acres, and is completely surrounded by mountains, which give it a sub- lime and picturesque aspect. Its extreme length is about If mile, but its breadth varies greatly. The principal islands on its surface are Ronan's Island, where parties occasionally dine, Buck Island, M' Car thy 9 s Island, Arbutus Island, Rossburkie, or Oak Island, from the shores of which there is a splendid prospect, Knight of Kerry's Island, Eagle Island, and Stag Island. The tourist should visit Esknamucky Cascade, situated behind Cromiglaun, or the Drooping Mountain, which rises from the brink of the lake in majestic grandeur ; and a secluded cottage usually called Heyde's Cottage, which is situated up a beautiful green- bordered narrow arm of the lake, and for beauty of situation is unequalled. To the west of it is Derry-Cunihy f another cascade of great beauty. He should also ascend Cromiglaun, from the summit of which there is a fine view of the lake and its islands. From the Upper lake the tourist must return by the same channel as he entered, but his progress will be greatly facilitated, as the current will now be with, instead of against, him. The only unpleasant part of the passage is shooting old Weir Bridge, which should only be attempted by persons with good nerves. 375 No. 126. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. GENERAL TOUR OF THE LAKES. The Rev. N. G. Wright, in his interesting Guide already noticed, recommends the following tour of three days to travellers who are pressed for time ; those who have abundance of leisure will occupy at least a week in sur^ veying the various beauties of the lakes of Killarney. First day — Visit Mucruss, Mucruss Abbey, Mangerton, Devil's Punch Bowl, Glen-na-Capul, and Lough Kittane. Second day — Lord Kenmare's mansion and demesne, Kneckriar Hill, Ross Castle ; embark for Innisfallen, pro- ceed northward by boat to O' Sullivan's Cascade, Tomies Mountain, the Drinking Horse ; visit Turk Lake through Brickeen Bridge, Turk Cottage, and Cascade ; pass be- tween the foot of Turk Mountain and Dinis Island, walk across Dinis to O' Sullivan's Punch Bowl ; embark for Glena Bay, dine at Glena Cottage on salmon, &c, pass Darby's Garden, sound the bugle in Glena Bay, and again opposite to Ross Castle ; here land, and return to Killarney. Third day — Visit Aghadoe church, cross Beaufort Bridge to Dunloe Castle, thread the gorge of Dunloe Gap, descend into Comme Duff Valley, pass the Loughs, visit Gheramine Cottage ; embark for Ronan's Island for Derry Cunihy, pass by Coffin Point, Cromiglaun, Coleman's Eye, to the Esknamucky Cascade ; enter the channel, pass Coleman's Leap, the Eagle's Nest — here listen to the dis- charge of a petararo and the echo ; shoot through old Weir Bridge, proceed to the Peninsula of Mucruss, pass Brickeen Bridge, inspect the shores of Mucruss, and the rocks and isles of O'Donohue's Table, Alexander's Rock, Cow Island, Jackdaw Island, Yew Island, and Rough Island; land under Ross Castle. 577 No. 127. From Dublin to KILLARNEY. Second Road. Through Cork, Macroom, and Millstreet. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Cork*, as fit No. 27. • 124£ Macroom 143£ Ballincollig • 129 Millstreet • 153J Ovens' Inn 1302 Killarney* 1C9| BALLINCOLLIG a post town in Cork. The castle, which belonged to the ancient family of Barrett, was a fine square fortress built on an abrupt precipice, and entirely commanded the circumjacent plain. It was occupied by a garrison in the civil wars. A considerable portion of this castle is still standing. Near Ballincollig is the ruin of Kilcrea Castle ; Kilcrea Abbey, founded by Cormac McCarthy in 1456, has a steeple 80 feet high. The approach to the nave is formed by a gloomy footway between walls, composed of skulls and bones, and shaded by lofty rows of oak trees. Pop. 875. OVENS is a small village, with an inn and a church. The cavern at this place is deserving of the tourist's inspection ; it is of considerable length, and may be entered with safety ; the roof is incrusted with stalactites and spar. The rivers Lee and Bride unite close to this village. MACROOM is a market and post town of consider- able antiquity, in the interior of the county of Cork. It is seated on the Sullane. The castle, erected in the reign of King John, is modernized, and is the residence of the Eyre family ; it was burnt in 1641, but rebuilt by the Earls of Clancarty. Some persons have asserted, that Admiral Penn was born within the walls of this castle, but on his tombstone, at Bristol, it is stated that he was a native of that city. Here are two ancient towers, 60 feet in height, k k ',\ 378 No. 127. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. as well as barracks; and opposite to the bridge is St. Colman's church, a very handsome edifice ; a Roman Ca- tholic chapel, a dispensary, and schools. On the edge of a moss, half a mile from Macroom, is a chalybeate spring ; and in the vicinity are various ancient buildings. The prospects are bounded by great mountain ridges. To the south are Drishane Castle, and some other handsome residences. To the west, at CarrigafouJcy, is Carrigadrohid, a castle of the M'Carthy's, in a most romantic situation on a rock, and near it is an altar supposed to have been raised by the Druids. Four miles farther, in this direction, from Macroom, is Ballyvourney, celebrated for its ancient church, now ruined, and for its nunnery. Dunda Castle occupies a rocky height, six miles from Macroom. Pop. 2058. Market-day: Saturday. Fairs: 12th of May, July, Sep., and Nov. Inns : The King's Arms, and the Swan. MILLSTREET is a post town in Cork, on the mail coach line between Cork and Killarney, with a good inn. It has barracks, a church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The neighbourhood is highly romantic, and abounds with stupendous hills, amongst which are found many ancient remains and castles. The principal objects worthy the traveller's attention are, the Danish forts of Clondrohid, with an old church ruin ; M'Swinney's Fortress, called Clodagh Castle; the two beautiful mountains termed the Paps, with tumuli on the conical apex of each summit ; the wild district of O'Donohue's country, with his old castle ; the brilliant rocks of Kilnamatery, resembling white battlements ; and the fine route to Killarney, with its cloud-capped hills. Pop. 1935. Fairs: March 1, June 1, Sept. 1, and Dec. 1. 379 No. 128. From Dublin to KILLARNEY. Third Road. Through Kilkenny, Clonmell, Doneraile, and Mallow. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Clogheen*, as at No. 27 93£ Doneraile • 113 Ballrporeen 96i Mallow 118J Mitchelstown 103 Millstreet* 1365 Kildorerey* 107 Killarney* 151 MITCHELSTOWN is a pretty market and post town of Cork, which has been much improved under the aus- pices of the Kingston family. The demesne is very exten- sive and beautiful, and free admission is at all times per- mitted into the park. The splendid mansion, Mitchelstown Castle, the seat of the Earl of Kingston, by whom it was erected in 1823, is at this place, and here also is a college founded by Lord Kingston, for twelve decayed gentlemen and sixteen females : the residents have each a house, and a yearly allowance of 40/. Mitchelstown contains a modern church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. In 1833, some sin- gular and extraordinary caves were discovered on the estate of Lord Kingston ; they are situated about 7\ miles from the town, and are very interesting to the scientific traveller. Near this town are the ruins of Caherdriny and Carriganoura castles. A mile from Mitchelstown are the round tower and ruined church of Brigowne. On the Black- water, near Mitchelstown, is the beautiful mansion of Castle Hyde. Five miles from Mitchelstown, is Lord Kingston's mountain lodge, beautifully situated on a hill, surrounded by thick woods and mountains. Pop. 3545. Market day : Thursday. Fairs: Jan. 10, Mar. 25, May 23, July 30, Nov. 12, and Dec. 2. Inn : The Kingston Arms Hotel 380 No. 128. DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. KILDOREREY, in Cork. In the neighbourhood of this village are to be seen Ballinamana Castle, and Wall's Town Castle, both in the direction of Doneraile. Pop. 576. Fairs: May 1, June 27, Sept. 3, and Nov. 27* DONERAILE is a market and post town of Cork* situated on the Aubeg, which flows southward, to join the Blackwater. The church has a lofty spire, and on the foundations of the old castle are barracks, and near them marble quarries. Here also are a Roman Catholic chapel and convent, and a free school. Two miles from Doneraile is Kilcoleman Castle, in which Spenser composed the Faerie Queen, now the seat of Adderly Beamish, Esq. there the poet was visited by Sir Walter Raleigh ; there he married a country girl ; but driven by Lord Tyrone from the estate of 3000 acres of forfeited lands that had been granted to him, he fled to England, where he died in po- verty. The mansion and grounds of Doneraile, the seat of Viscount Doneraile, are noted for their extraordinary beauty. At Castle Saffron, one mile distant, are several cascades. Buttevant is a post town, three miles from Doneraile, seated on the Aubeg. It has a modern church, and ruins of several monasteries : a curious tower, built by the Earl of Desmond, called Cullin, stands near one of the . monasteries. The family of Barrymore derive the title of Viscount from this place. Their motto, Bontez en avant, explains the meaning of the name Buttevant. Pop. of Doneraile, 2652. Market day : Saturday. Fairs: Aug. 12, and Nov. 12. Pop. of Buttevant, 1536. Fairs : March 27, July 20, Oct. 14, and Nov. 20. MALLOW, in Cork, is an agreeable post town and watering-place, situated on the banks of the Blackwater, a pretty river, which nearly intersects the province of No. 129. DUBLIN TO KILLEIGH. 381 Munster, and is governed by a provost and burgesses. The medicinal spring, for which it is noted, issues from the limestone close to the town ; the water is hot, like the Bristol springs, and has been in estimation with the Irish gentry for a hundred years ; it is recommended for con- sumptive patients. The Spa house is a neat building. A pretty canal, bordered by poplars, leads to it from town, and on the south side is a sheltering rock of limestone. Two castles were built at Mallow, by Desmond, the noble chieftain ; one of them was demolished in the civil war, and the ruins of the other are still visible on an eminence overlooking the river. Mallow is a borough town, return- ing a member to parliament. It has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a public reading room and library, meeting houses, market house, cavalry barracks, and a handsome bridge over the Black water. Pop. 5229. Market days : Tuesday and Saturday. Fairs : Jan. 1, Monday before Shrove Tuesday, May 11, July 25, and October 28. Inn : Carmichael's. Seat : Mr. Jephsons is a family mansion that has long been greatly admired ; it possesses a deer-park, gardens, and ornamental shrubbery. No 129. From Dublin to KILLEIGH. Through Lucan, Celeridge, and Portarlington. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Palmerstown 3| Rathangan 284 Lucan* 6h Portarlington 36! Celbridge 9| Clonegowan 40£ Clanc 15| Killeigh 46£ Kilmeague 22i C EL BRIDGE is a handsome village and post town in Kildare, pleasantly situated on the Liffey, over which is 3S2 No. 129. DUBLIN TO KILLEIGH. a stone bridge of six arches, connecting it with the road on the left shore. The church is a neat modern stone building at the end of the principal street ; it has a tower, and a painted window, and an interesting monument of the Conolly family. Here also are a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, a fever hospital, and a savings' bank ; and about a quarter of a mile from the village is a school-house. The manufacture of woollens and cottons is carried on here to a considerable extent. Celbridge has acquired considerable interest from having been the residence of Swift's Vanessa. She was the daughter of a Dutch mer- chant, and died here in 1723. Celbridge Abbey, which is of Gothic architecture, has been repaired and rendered habitable. Seats: Castle Town, a very splendid mansion and de- mesne of the Conolly family ; Killadoon, the Earl of Leitrim ; this handsome place is a mile beyond Celbridge. Pop. 1647. Market Day : Tuesday. Fairs : Last Tuesday in April, Sept. 8, and Nov. 7. Beyond Celbridge, and within a mile of Clane, is Castle Browne, a mansion belonging to the renovated society of Jesuits. Between Celbridge and Clane, also, on the banks of the LifFey, is Straff an, the seat of the Henry family. CLANE, is a village and post town of Kildare, built on the right bank of the LifFey, over which is a bridge of six arches : its church has a lofty steeple. Clane abbey is in ruins, close to the village. Pop. 1216. Fairs : April 28, July 25, and Oct. 15. Beyond Clane the grand canal crosses the road, and at Millecent, a neat residence, is an aqueduct across the Lif- fey. Barber's Town Castle, a gentleman's seat, is three miles beyond Clane. No. 129. DUBLIN TO KILLEIGH. 583 KILMEAGUE is a village in Kildare. A mile beyond it is Allen, a hamlet that gives name to the most celebrated tract of bog in the kingdom, which extends into Kildare, Queen's county, King's county, Meath, Westmeath, Long- ford, Tipperary, and Galway. From the Hill of Allen, which is about 300 feet in height, there is an extensive prospect across the level of the moss. The grand canal passes through the Bog of Allen, and affords a constant drainage to a considerable portion of it. Fairs : May 24, and June 29. RAT HANG AX is a market and post town of Kildare, situated near the grand canal. Some of the inhabitants were massacred in 1798, and the town was pillaged. Ra- thangan has a stone church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses. Pop. 1165. Market day : Monday. Fairs : Whit- Tues- day, Aug. 26, and Nov. 12. PORTARLINGTON is a borough, market, and post town, situated on the Barrow, which divides it into two un- equal parts ; the larger being in Queen's, and the smaller in King's County, The town is well built, and the princi- pal street is very handsome : it is governed by a sovereign and recorder. It was originally colonized by French emi- grants, whom the revocation of the edict of Nantes com- pelled to fly from their home ; hence French names, such as Corneille, Coigny, &c, are common in various towns of Ireland. Portarlington has always been noted for superior schools, for the education of youth of both sexes, particu- larly in the French language. The Marquess Wellesley and the Duke of Wellington were, in early boyhood, placed in one of these schools. Portarlington gives the title of Earl to the Dawson family ; and returns a member to the Imperial Parliament. The church, erected in 1810, is a 384 No. 130. DUBLIN TO KILLOUGH. neat building, with a lofty spire ; there are also two meeting houses, a market house, and a celebrated spa, which is much frequented. Seats : Emo Park, formerly called Dawson's Grove, the mansion of the Earl of Portarlington, three miles distant. Lansdown, a house belonging to the Gore family. Pop. 3091. Market days: Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: Jan. 5, March 1, Easter- Monday, May 22, July 4, Sept. 1, Oct. 12, and Nov. 23. Inn: the Crown. CLONEGOWAN is a village of King's county, with a mansion of the Meredith family. Fair : July 22. KILLEIGH is a pleasant town in King's county. At the foot of Killeigh Hill, close to the church, are the re- mains of an ancient abbey. Adjacent to the town is a good country house, called Millbrooke. Pop. 478. Fairs: June 1, and Oct. 16. No. 130. From Dublin to KILLOUGH. First Road. Through Newry, Rathfriland, and Clough. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry*, as at No. 1. 50i Clough* 69 Rathfriland* 57J Killough 763 Castlewellan* 65 KILLOUGH is a small sea-port and post town of Down, with a harbour, affording safe anchorage. The quay was designed by the late Alexander Nimmo, Esq., and erected at the expense of Lord Bangor. This is a good fishing station, and has a considerable export trade in corn. The shore is extremely agreeable, and in the cliff is a cavern, in which, at the flowing of the tide, or at high-water, there is a continued melodious echo, responding to the noise of No. 131. DUBLIN TO KILLOUGH. 385 the surge. Killough has barracks for cavalry, and a large and well-built church. Near the school house is a mineral spring, and in the vicinity of the town are some ruins, called the Castles of Ardglass, and several curious caves. Pop. 1162. Fairs: 2nd Friday in Feb. and Aug., June 9, and Nov. 12. No. 131. From Dublin to KILLOUGH. Sfcond Road. Through Rathfriland, Bryansford, and Dundrum. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castlt to Miles. Ne wry*, as at No. 1. 5Qh Dundrum*- ■ 6Sh Rathfriland * 57h Over the Strand to Killough 75$ Bryan's Ford 65 [By Narrow-water it is two miles shorter.] BRYAN'S FORD is a village of Down, near to which is Tullymore Park, a fine residence, with well-planted grounds, belonging to the Earl of Roden, situated in a romantic and beautiful spot: it was the property of the Hamiltons of Tullymore, Earls of Clanbrassil. Pop. 185. Fair: June 3. The country between Bryan's Ford and Dundrum, in- cluding the park of Tullymore, is very romantic, and two mountain torrents precipitate themselves over ledges and crags, whilst the intervention of woodland scenery relieves the eye from the awful impression of the Mourne mountains, which form the background. SSS No. 132. From Dublin to K1LRUSH. First Roao. Through Limerick and Clare. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Limerick*, as at No. 3. 94 Kildysart 122$ Six-Mile Bridge* 1021 Kilmurray 129i Ardsallas* 108i Kilrush ■ 137i Clare* 112| Redgate Inn is 6 J miles beyond Clare. Near it are a ruined castle and church. The remarkable objects in the vicinity of the road are, an old castle, near the seat of New Hall, a mile from Clare ; handsome seats at Barntick and Buncraggy, a mile farther ; and Cragbrien, a beautiful mansion at the foot of a mountain three miles from Clare. The prospects are truly beautiful. In Canna Island is seen a ruined abbey. Paradise, a seat on the side of a beautiful hill, is a mile and a half from Redgate Inn ; and beyond this is an ancient castle. KILDYSART, a village in Clare, has the ruins of a castle. Pop. 337. Fairs : May 22, and Aug. 27. KILMURRAY, a post town in Clare. KILRUSH, a post town in Clare, is a thriving place, with an excellent harbour on the Shannon. It has a neat church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a meeting house, a court house, a market house, and a school, on the foundation of Erasmus Smyth. There is a considerable export trade in corn and butter, also slates and flag stones. Near Kil- rush is a lake, as well as a mansion, of theVandeleur family. Beyond this, towards the mouth of the Shannon, are the villages of Moyarta and Querin. Steam vessels ply on the Shannon between this and Limerick. Pop. 3996. Market days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: May 10, and Oct. 12. Inns : The Kilrush Hotel, and the Vandeleur Arms. SS7 No. 133. From Dublin to KILRUSH. Second Road. Through Maynooth and Aghrim. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Kilbeggan * as at No. 100- • 44£ Caghryariff 125 Gort * as at No. 88 98 Kilmurrybricken 1283 Tubberindonny * 102J Conlyclare 1363 Carofin 109* Ballyket 141 Enmstimon * 118± Kilrush * • 142 CAROFIN is a large and pleasant village and post town in Clare, situated on a stream flowing from a lake in the vicinity. Distant a mile and a half is Clifton, a fine seat, and near it is Inchiquin Lake, celebrated for its fish and its picturesque views. Pop. 900. Fairs : May 26, and Nov. 22. CAGHRYARIFF is a village of Clare, near which is An-igh, a mansion of the Stackpoole family. Halfway between Ennistimon and Kilmurry is Mil town Malbay, which is an excellent summer resort for bathing, and has good baths, a handsome church, and Roman Catholic chapel ; it is a good fishing station. Pop. 726. Fairs : Feb. 1, March 9, May 4, June 20, Aug. 11, Oct. 18, and Dec. 9. Near this village is a celebrated cavern, called the Puffing Hole. Beyond the village of Dunbeg is a lighthouse, built upon Loop Head. KILMURRAY-BRICKEN is a village of Clare, which gives the title of Viscount Kilmorey to the Needham family. The cascades near this place are justly admired. Fairs: May 17, and Aug. 25. CONLYCLARE and BALLYKET are villages in the county of Clare, near which there are several neat villas, and some fine river scenery. Ballyket Fairs are held June 4, July 4, Aug. 17, and Dec. 1. 388 No. 134. From Dublin to KINGSTOWN. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Blackrock* 4 Kingstown, or Dunleary 5h KINGSTOWN, so named in honour of King George IVth's visit to Ireland, has a large and spacious harbour, and is a celebrated sea-bathing village of the county of Dublin. It is well built, and extremely agreeable; the pier adds greatly to its attractions ; it extends 2800 feet, and the quay is 50 feet wide. At the lowest tide there is 24 feet depth of water close to the pier head, and about 16 feet near the shore. There is a neat Roman Catholic chapel and church, and several excellent hotels. A rail- road, is completed, between this place and Dublin, which conveys passengers every half hour, to or from Dublin, in less than fifteen minutes, by locomotive engines : it also conveys the mails to and from Dublin. The mail packets between Dublin and Liverpool, or Holyhead, now sail from, and arrive at, Kingstown Harbour, Kingstown possesses many fine houses, and beautiful villas, which are much resorted to in the summer season. Pop. 5736. No. 135. From Dublin to KINSALE. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. ork *, as at No. 27 126 Kinsale 136 KINSALE, on the Bandon river, in Cork, is a borough returning a member to parliament, and is governed by a sovereign and a recorder. It has been noted from the earliest period in Irish history. Five thousand Spaniards took this sea-port in 1600; but they surrendered it in the No. 135. DUBLIN TO KINSALE. 389 same year to the Lord Deputy Mountjoy. Kinsale surren- dered to Cromwell in 1649. James II. effected his landing here in 1689: his garrison in this fortress defended itself for nine days against Marlborough, but surrendered on the tenth. Upon this the fortifications were destroyed. Kin- sale is now esteemed a very strong fortress ; the citadel is on a rock, and the batteries are bomb-proof: the old block- house, which stood by the sea-side, is dismantled. Charles Fort, built in 1670, commands the narrow part of Kinsale harbour, which has a complete dock-yard, and a custom- house ; but the naval depot has been transferred to Cork. The town is above a mile in extent, round the head of the bay ; the houses have something of an antiquated appear- ance ; there are six parishes. The ruins of several monas- teries are still visible. There is a considerable fishery here ; and in the town are two large porter breweries. Amongst the chief buildings are, the handsome market house, the barracks, the church, and the gaol. Here are also Roman Catholic chapels, meeting houses, a fever hos- pital, a dispensary, and a savings' bank. Near the centre of the town are assembly and reading rooms, and a beautiful promenade called the Bowling Green, which commands a fine view of the harbour. Kinsale is well adapted for sea- bathing, and has two bath houses, one in the town, and the other in the village of Scilly; these establishments are convenient for the beautiful scenery up the river. In the vicinity is Duncearma Castle, and a lighthouse on Old Head, which forms the north point of the extensive and romantic Bay of Courtmac sherry. Amongst the steep cliffs the osprey and the eagle are observed to build in safety. Compass Hill overlooks the town and harbour of Kinsale ; the latter is completely sheltered from every wind, and in stormy weather is a safe retreat both for merchantmen and li. 3 390 No. 138. DUBLIN TO LEIGHLIN BRIDGE. ships of war ; there are two villages, called Cove and Stilly, built on the opposite shore of the bay. Pop. 7823. Fairs: May 4, Sept 4, and Nov. 2L Inn : The Kinsale Arms. No. 136. From Dublin to LEIGHLIN BRIDGE. First Road. Through Rathcoole, Naas, and Carlow. Miles. Dublin to Leighlin Bridge *, as at No. 27 45 No. 137. From Dublin to LEIGHLIN BRIDGE. Second Road. Through Blessington, Baltinglass, and Tullow. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Tullow *, as at No. 205 38 Leighlin Bridge * 473 No. 138. From Dublin to LEIGHLIN BRIDGE. Third Road. Through Enniskerry, Rathdrum, and Aghrim. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Milltown* ... 2£ Rathdrum* 25i Churchtown 3£ Aghrim* 32 Dundrum* 4 Hacketstown 41 £ Kilternan * 7 Tullow * A9h Enniskerry* 10 Leighlin Bridge * 59£ FAWNEY, in Dublin, has an ancient and a modern church. The vicinity commands fine views. The old church is near the village of Dundrum, at a place called Churchtown. No. 141. DUBLIN" TO LIMERICK. 391 HACKETSTOWN is an agreeable post town of Carlo w. The church is handsome, with a tower, and stands on a fine eminence : the modern Catholic chapel is also a great orna- ment. The repulse of the insurgents at Hacketstown took place May 25, 1798. Pop. 715. Fairs: monthly. No. 139. From Dublin to LETTERKENNY. Through Lifford, Ballindrait, and Raphoe. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Drogheda* as at No. 1 23h Lifford*, as at No. 143 102* Castleblarney* as at No. 7 51§ Letterkenny*. as at No. 81 113i No. 140. From Dublin to LIMERICK. First Road. Through Kildare and Roscrea. Miles Dublin to Limerick * as at No. 3. 94 No. 141. From Dublin to LIMERICK. Second Road. Through Nenagii and O'Brien's Bridge. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Caslle to Miles. Toomavara » as at No. 3 • • 69* O'Brien's Bridge 88 Nenagb* 7-3 Parteen • ■ 93| Shallee Turnpike 793 Limerick * 96 O'BRIEN'S BRIDGE, across the Shannon, consisting of thirteen arches, is interesting for its antiquity, and pre- sents a choice of roads on each side of the river to Limerick : that by Parteen is a quarter of a mile nearer than the road 392 No. 143. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. through the beautiful village of Castle Connell, on the county of Limerick bank. Near O'Brien's Bridge is the Montpel- lier spring. Three miles beyond it is Rhinrow Castle, a ruin ; and in each county are several beautiful villas ; the finest of these is Doonas, the seat of Sir H. D. Massy, Bart No. 142. From Dublin to LIMERICK. Third Road. Through Maryborough, Roscrea, and Killaloe. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Toomavara *, as at No.3 69J Bridgetown 90J Nenagh * 75 Parteen 95 Killaloe* 88£ Limerick * 97J No. 143. From Dublin to LONDONDERRY. First Road. Through Ardee, Monaghan, and Lifford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Augher 75i Ballaghneed Inn 78£ Omagh 87i Newtown Stewart • • 94^ Douglas Bridge 97£ Strabane 101£ Lifford W2h St. Johnstown 108i Carrigans <•• 110 Londonderry 114^ Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda * as at No. 1. ... • 23h Castleblayney *, as at No. 7. 5U Clentibret Church Castle Shane • « Monaghan - Cross Roads, or Grosborough Inn Or from Castle Shane by Falkland, a mile nearer EmyVale-.-' Erigill Church- '•» '<• '• 57i 59i 62h 66h 65h 66% 69h CASTLE SHANE is a neat village of Monaghan. Near it is a ruin called Rack Wallace Church. A fine seat of the Lucas family is seen to the right of the village. Fairs : May 21, June 21, July 21, Aug. 12, and Dec, 15. No. 143. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 30S MONAGHAN, the county town of Monaghan, is an ancient place, which was once spelt Muinechan. The town is governed by a provost, burgesses, and freemen. The first abbey erected here was of a very early date, and was pillaged ; it was rebuilt for conventual Franciscans, in 1462^ but again demolished, and its site is now occupied by a castle of Lord Blayney's. Monaghan is a pleasant place, and has several public buildings, the principal of which are, the market house, erected by Lord Rossmore, in 1792, the courthouse, and church in Diamond Square ; and, adjoining the town, is a Roman Catholic chapel, with an altar-piece, and a Presbyterian meeting house, in the new market; the county infirmary, near the entrance to the town, by the old Dublin road, the diocesan school of Clogher, in Mill Street, the gaol, which cost upwards of 20,000/., and the cavalry barracks, at the north entrance of the town. Monaghan has also neat shambles, and several schools ; an extensive brewery, and a considerable linen trade. Adjoining this town is a fine seat of Mr. Hamilton's, and bo the mansions of Lagacory and Falkland. The county of Monaghan is thirty miles in length, and is much benefited by the linen manufacture ; it has many beautiful lakes, of no great size ; and although the land is fertile, and covered by good cottages and villages, there are many hills, and some extensive mosses. Pop. 3848. Market days : for corn, Saturday and Mon- day. Fairs: first Monday of each month. Inns: the King's Arms, the Westenra Arms, the Red Lion, and the Black Bull. EMY VALE is a neat village and post town of Mona- ghan, with many gentlemen's seats near it. Three miles beyond it is Erigill Church, on the left. Pop. 571. Fairs: monthly. Seats: AnkettelVs Gn-ve, and Fort Singleton. 394 No. 143. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. AUGHER, in Tyrone, was formerly a borough town, but is now a place of little note. It is seated on the Black- I water, near to the town of Clogher. Fairs : March 28, May 12, Aug. 14, and Nov. 12. OMAGH, the county and assize town of Tyrone, is pleasantly situated at the junction of the Drumraw and the Common. Its name signifies the ' Chief's Residence.' Of its castle only the ruins remain, and there are no vestiges of its abbey. The town was burnt in 1743, but has been neatly rebuilt, and the adjacent district possesses a flou- rishing linen manufacture. The principal public buildings are the court house, the county gaol, attached to which is a lunatic asylum, and the county infirmary. Omagh also possesses a neat stone church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, a free school, and barracks. Pop. 2211. Market-day: Saturday. Fairs: Jan. 12, 2nd Thursday in Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. (O. S.), April 5, 2nd Thursday after the 24th of June, Oct. 2, and Nov. 3. Inns : the White Hart, and the Abercorn Arms. NEWTOWN STEWART is a market and post town of Tyrone, on the banks of the Strule. Near the church are the ruins of the ancient castle. There are also meeting houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. Seat : Three miles distant is the Marquis of Abercorn's (Viscount Strabane, in Ireland) splendid mansion, Baron's Court, considered one of the finest in the kingdom; the park is also celebrated for its timber. In an island of the lake is a picturesque castle ruin. The neighbouring mountains are truly romantic. Pop. 1737. Market-day: Monday. Fairs: monthly. Inn : Hamilton's. DOUGLAS BRIDGE is a village of Tyrone, on the banks of the Foyle. Beyond it is Camus church, and a glebe house. No. H3. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 395 STRABANE is a large post and market town of Tyrone, near the confluence of the Fin and the Mourne, and is governed by a provost and recorder. In 1615, James Ha- milton, Baron Strabane, built the town, castle, church, and school house. There are also a market house, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses ; barracks, a fever hospital, and a dispensary ; also schools, and savings bank. There is a good linen and butter trade carried on, and the town is improving rapidly. The inns are respectable, and the environs pleasing. Strabane is the property of the Marquis of Abercorn (Viscount Stra- bane). In the time of James I. and Charles II. the family of Hamilton of Strabane, and the Clanbrassil branch seated at Tullymore, Carnysure, and Coronery, acquired great possessions throughout the north of Ireland. A handsome bridge across the river communicates with LifFord on the west bank. Hence a canal leads to the Foyle, four miles distant. Pop. 4700. Market days : Tuesday and Saturday. Fairs : monthly. Inn: the Abercorn Arms. LIFFORD, the county and assize town of Donegal, is situated on the Foyle, and within view of Strabane. Both these towns, previous to the Union, were boroughs, return- ing members to the Irish parliament. The situation is romantic, and the vicinity is embellished by numerous handsome seats. The principal buildings are, the market house, the gaol, the church, the court house, and the county infirmary. Pop. 1096. The fairs and market are held at Strabane. ST. JOHNSTOWN is a small town of Donegal, like- wise situated on the Foyle, across the wide channel of which is a prospect of the Tyrone hills. Fairs : April 7, Aug. 3, Oct. 13, and Nov. 25. 396 No. 143. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. CARRIGANS is a small town of Donegal. Beyond Prospect Hill the road enters the county of Londonderry. LONDONDERRY, or DERRY, forms a county in itself, distinct from that of which it is the capital. It is a place of great antiquity, St. Columb having founded an abbey here in 546, and was colonized by Londoners, to whom James I. granted a charter. It is celebrated for the gallant and successful defence which its inhabitants, under the direction of Mr. Walker, a clergyman, made against James II. in 1690. The siege lasted 105 days, during which the garrison, which, at the beginning, mustered only 7562 regimented defenders, was reduced to 4300, whilst the besieging army lost about 8000 men. This handsome city is seated on the Foyle, and is sur- rounded by ramparts about a mile in circumference, which form an excellent promenade. It is the only city in Ire- land perfectly surrounded by water. The streets are spa- cious, and the houses generally handsome. In the centre of the town is a fine square, called the Diamond, in the middle of which stands the exchange, a stately building* whence the four principal streets diverge to gates at their extremities. The cathedral is a noble Gothic edifice, occu- pying the summit of the eminence on which the city is built; it was erected in 1633, and has a lofty square tower and spire. The gardens of the episcopal palace, outside the walls, command fine prospects. The court house in Bishop Street is an elegant specimen of Grecian architecture, with a portico of four columns, surmounted by statues of Mercy and Justice, executed by Kirk, of Dublin. The other public buildings are, the county gaol, the front of which is 120 feet long and 40 high; the linen hall ; and the theatre. The wooden bridge, made at Boston in America, by Samuel Cox, architect, and erected in 1790, is remarkable for its No. 143. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 397 curious construction ; it is 1068 feet in length, and 40 in breadth, and has a drawbridge for the admission of vessels. The view of the city from this bridge is worthy of notice. There is also a handsome monument erected to the memory of the Rev. George Walker, who defended the city in 1690 : it is a fluted column on a pedestal, surmounted by a statue. Londonderry also possesses a Roman Catholic chapel, an Episcopal chapel, meeting houses, a county infirmary, a fever hospital, a lunatic asylum, a mendicity society, poor- houses for the city and county, a dispensary, a savings' bank, and a news room and library. The city returns a member to parliament, and its corporation consists of a mayor, sheriffs, aldermen, and recorder. The linen manu- facture flourishes here, and an extensive trade is carried on in the export of linen, butter, beef, pork, and meal ; and the import of tea, sugar, wine, brandy, timber, and flax-seed. There are several breweries and distilleries; the city is rapidly improving, and is lighted with gas. The ramparts of this town still remain ; they are from 20 to 35 feet high, and from 14 to 36 yards wide. The property of this town was given by James I. to the twelve great companies of the city of London, on condition of their colonizing and cul- tivating it. The harbour is safe and capacious, and the quays are commodious : at high tides vessels of 600 tons burthen get up to them. The King's stores form a fine range of building; the guns are dismounted, but among them may be seen the Walker, a piece of ordnance 10 feet long, bear- ing the date 1642. Four miles below the city, the river falls into Lough Foyle, which communicates with the North Sea. Here stands Culmore Fort, of which the Governor of Derry is commandant, and at the mouth of the Lough is Green Castle. The Lough is a fine expanse of water, M M 398 No. 144. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 14 miles long, and 8 broad. Off its mouth is the Tounds Bank, and the sands stretch along the left of the channel into the hay, but the channel itself is free, and there is 5 fathoms water close to the city. A steamer leaves the quay twice a day for Mobille, a watering place about 17 miles from the city, on the bank of Lough Swiliy ; twice a week there is a steamer to Port-rush and Port-stewart, two other thriving watering places on the north coast ; and once a week a steam vessel visits the Giants' Causeway. Steamers also ply regularly to Glasgow, Liverpool, Dublin, and Belfast. G. Farquhar, the dramatist, was born at Derry, in 1678. In the neighbourhood is Brook Hall, the seat of Sir George Hill. Three miles north of Londonderry is Aileach Neid, an ancient rath or fortress of the O' Neils, destroyed by Murtogh O' Brian in 1101. Pop. 10,130. Fairs: March 4, April 30, June 17, Sept. 4, and 18, and Oct. 17. Market-days: Wednesday and Saturday. Inns : the Commercial Hotel ; the City Hotel ; Boyle's; and the King's Arms. No. 144. From Dublin to LONDONDERRY. Se- cond Road. Through Ardee, Omagh, and Mount Hamilton. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda*, as at No. 1 23i Ballymegarry 104 Castleblayney*, as at No. 7 . 51§ Mount Hamilton 106£ Omagh*, as at No. 143 87£ Ferrybank 112£ Newtown Stewart* 94 Londonderry* 113 Strabane*- 101| No. 145. DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY, 399 BALLYMEGARRY is a village of Tyrone. On the right, beyond it, is the church of Reekpatrick, Fairs : May 3, July 5, and Nov. 2. MOUNT HAMILTON is a village of Tyrone. Fairs : Jan. 4, March 3, June 4, and Oct. 4. No. 145. From Dublin to LONDONDERRY. Third Road. Through Armagh, Dun given, and Clady. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*, as at No. 1 40i Stramore Inn 91 Armagh*, as at Xo. 6 62^ Dungiren ■ 99 Blackwater Town 66h Banagher Church 101 h Charlemont* 68^ Clady - 1071 Dungannon* 72| Muff 111| New Mills 75£ Ferry Bank 1 14 J Dunaghy* 78 Londonderry 115 Cookstown* 81| * BLACKWATER TOWN is a small post town of Ar- magh, pleasantly situated on the Blackwater, over which is a handsome bridge. At Benburb, a village one mile distant, is the parish church of both towns. The Blackwater river divides Armagh and Tyrone. At the foot of the bridge, in the county of Tyrone, is Clonfeckle, a suburb, in which is a Roman Catholic chapel. Pop. 528. Fairs: Second Wednesday of each month. DUNGIVEN is a market and post town of Derry, which is approached by a road over a mountain. It is built in a rich valley, watered by the beautiful river Roe, which is joined by two tributary streams near this town. The sept * The mail-coach road is through Slane, Carrickmacross, Castle - Maguey, Monaghan, Emyville, Aughnacloy, Omagh, Newtown Stewart, Strabaue, and Derry — 113£ miles. 400 No. 146. DUBLIN TO LONGFORD. of O'Cahane was once powerful amidst the high range of hills in the vicinity, and O'Kane, a native chieftain who built a Friary here, was interred in the ancient cemetery, together with his seven sons. Here is a spacious mansion, somewhat dilapidated; the church, built near the road which conducts to Maghera, is cruciform ; and there is a Roman Catholic chapel beyond it. Here is an extensive bleach green. Two miles east of Dungiven is Benbradagh Mountain, the summit of which is 1300 feet above the level of the sea. Pop. 1162. Market-day: Saturday. Fairs: Dungiven has nine in the course of the year. Inn : M'Quilkin's. BANAGHER CHURCH, in Derry, is on the left side of the road beyond Dungiven ; 3| miles beyond it is the village of Teeny, and a mile farther is Straid church, in a dilapidated condition. CLADY is a pretty village of Derry, built on the banks of the Faughan; distant 1£ mile is the ancient ruin of 0' Kane's Castle. Pop. 180. Fairs: May 17, and Nov. 17. Seat : Beaufort Lodge. MUFF, is a village of Derry, situated close to the river Faughan. — Pop. 192. Seats : Beyond the Cross are Beech Hill and Ashbrook. No. 146. From Dublin to LONGFORD. Through Athboy, Finea, and Granard. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athboy*, as at No. 186 28£ Finea 473 Clonmellon* 32| Granard 52 Cross Keys 37 Longford* 64 No. 146. DUBLIN TO LONGFORD. 401 CROSS KEYS is a village of Meath; \\ mile beyond it are a small lough and a ruined castle ; and within 2 miles of Finea is a race-course. FINEA is an agreeable place, situated in two counties, Westmeath and Cavan, which are separated by a small river, connecting lakes Sheliin and Kennail. Fairs : June 5, July 27, Aug. 18, Sept. 18, and Nov. 15. GRANARD is a market and post town of Longford. It was a borough, but lost its elective franchise at the Union. Its public buildings are, a neat Gothic church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a parochial school, barracks for infantry, and a dispensary. The country between Granard and St. Johnstown is mountainous, but is inhabited by many respectable gentlemen. At the extremity of the principal street is the Moat of Granard, on the top of which is an ancient castle or fort, commanding a view of six counties. The Earl of Granard is of the family of Forbes. The linen manufacture flourishes here. In the vicinity are several interesting objects. Larra Abbey, said to have been founded by St. Patrick, is a beau- tiful ruin, 2 miles distant on the Finea side. Lough Shel- iin is 7 miles in length, and 4 in breadth, and is connected with Lough Inny in the vicinity of Finea and Daly's Bridge ; it has some pretty islands, and a beautiful shore. The islands of Lough Garon contain some grand vestiges of monastic opulence : All Saints Abbey is seen rising- above the waters on a delightful island, and in another isle is a second monastery. Seats : Spring Park and Tully, 2h miles beyond Granard. Pop. 2069. Marlcet-daij : Monday. Fairs: Jan. 15, May 3, Aug. 15, and Oct. 1. Inns : The New Inn, and Granard Inn. m m 3 Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda*, as at No. 1- • ■ • • ■ 23i Dunleer* • . . 30i -i()2 No. 147. From Dublin to LOUTH. Through Drog- heda and Dunleer. Dublin Castle to Miles. Louth 39 LOUTH was an ancient town, giving name to the county of Louth ; it is a post town, but is much reduced. St. Patrick is said to have founded an abbey here, the site of which was afterwards occupied by a priory of Canons regular, but there are no vestiges of either. Seat : Louth Hall, three miles distant, the mansion of Lord Louth. Pop. 613. Fair: March 28. No. 148. From Dublin to LURGAN. Through Gilford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Loughbrickland*, as at No. 1. 58£ Waringstown* 67 Gilford • • • • - 62£ Lurgan* 69 GILFORD is a post town in Down, having a fine bridge of numerous arches across the Bann. It is sur- rounded by bleach- fields ; and the scenery along the river is very interesting. Here is a chalybeate Spa. Gilford has a neat church, Roman Catholic chapel, and a meeting house. Fairs; June 21, and Nov. 21. 403 No. 149. From Dublin to MALAKIDE. Through St. Dollougii's. Dublin Casile to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Fair View 1| Belcamp 4 Doimycarney 2 Belgriffin 4£ Artane 2h St. Doulougli's 4i Coolock 3 Malahide 6| DONNYCARNEY is a village of Dublin. Here is Marino, an excellent lodge, with finely-planted grounds, belonging to the Earl of Charlemont. ARTANE and COOLOCK are villages in the county of Dublin. BELGRIFFIN. Near this village are many pleasant mansions of the nobility and gentry of the county of Dublin. ST. DOULOUGH'S, in Dublin, is remarkable for its antique church, situated on an eminence, and supposed to have been erected in the 9th century, in which, and the two succeeding centuries, other churches, also resembling the cells of Grecian temples, were built in this kingdom, and adorned with rude columns. These edifices were only 40 feet in length. Near St. Catharine's Pond is a holy well, dedicated to the Virgin, which is the resort of numerous pilgrims. Pop. 345. MALAHIDE is a village and post town of Dublin, near an in-let of the sea. Malahide Castle, the seat of Lord Talbot de Malahide, is built on a beautiful peninsula, which contains limestone of various colours, and some veins of lead ore. The mansion is an extensive pile, with a modern Gothic porch, and is adorned with a fine collection of pictures. This demesne commands a grand sea view, as it is on a high, bold coast, and the woods and timber are 404 No. 151. DUBLIN TO MALLOW. of great beauty. The manor and royalties extend far along the shore. In the village is a holy well, and a cotton manufacture has long been established here. Near Mala- hide is Seapark Court, an ancient mansion. Pop. 294. No. 150. From Dublin to MALLOW. First Road. Through Clogheen and Doneraile. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Clogheen*, as at No. 27 93£ Mallow*, as at No. 128- • 118i No. 151. From Dublin to MALLOW. Second Road. Through Kilworth and Castle Roche. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kilworth* as at No. 27. • • • • 106 Castletown Roche 115 Fermoy Bridge End* 107i Mallow* 1211 Ballyhooly 111! BALLYHOOLY is a handsome village of Cork, situ- ated in a fine district, on the Blackwater. It has a well- built church. Fair : Aug. 26. CASTLETOWN ROCHE is a beautiful village of the county of Cork. On an eminence are the ruins of the old castle of the Roches, Lords of Fermoy, which was so nobly defended by Lady Roche against the forces of Cromwell. One mile from Castletown Roche, across the river, is the ancient castle of Carrignaconny. On the opposite side of the Blackwater, is the church of Monammy i where there was a preceptory. At the junction of the River Aubeg with the Blackwater, is the fine ruin of Bridgetown Abbey. No. 154. DUBLIN TO MILL OF LOUTH. 405 Pop. 1095. Fairs: May 25, July 27, Sept. 29, and Dec. 14. Seats: Glenamore, belonging to the Purcell family; Ann's Grove : Bally griffin ; and Rockforest, which is a very beautiful mansion on the Blackvvater. No. 152. From Dublin to MIDDLETON. First Road. Through Kilkenny, Fermoy, and R,ath- CORMUCK. Dublin Castle to Miles Fermoy*, as at No. 27 108 Rathcorniack* Ill Dublin Castle to Miles. Middleton* ♦. 122 No. 153. From Dublin to MIDDLETON. Second Road, Through Lismore, Tallow, and Killeagh. Dublin Castle to Miles. Clonmell*, as at No. 27 81! Cappoquin* 97h Lismore* 100£ Tallow* 104| Mount Uniacke* I09h Dublin Castle to Miles. Castletown* 110 Aghadoe 111£ Killeagh* 112 Middleton* 122 No. 154. From Dublin to MILL OF LOUTH. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dunleer*, as at No. 1 30J Braganstown 35$ Dublin Castle to Miles. Tallanstown 39£ Mill of Louth* 40* 406 No. 155. From Dublin to MONAGHAN. First Road. Through Drogheda, Ardee, and Castle- BLAYNEY. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda*, as at No. 1 23J Monaghan*, as at No. 143 • • 62£ Castleblayney*, as at No. 7 51 J No. 156. From Dublin to MONAGHAN. Second Road. Through Drogheda, Dundalk, and Cullo- ville. Dublin Castle to Miles. Castk-blayney* 53| Castle Shane* 6H Monaghan* 61| Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk* as at No. 1 AOh Rochdale 45| Culloville 494r Mullaghanee Bridge 51J ROCHDALE, a village in Louth. Here are the ruins of Castle Roche. Fairs : June 20, and Oct. 20. CULLOVILLE is a village of Armagh. Half a mile farther is Ardkirk, a handsome mansion. Fairs : April 26, and Oct. 26. No. 157. From Dublin to MONAGHAN. Third Road. Through Slane, Ardee, and Carrickmacross. Miles. Dublin Castle to Finglass Pass-if-you-can • • • St. Margaret's Chapel-midway ■ • • Kilsallaghan • — Miles. Dublin Castle to 3 Greenoge 9h 5k Curragha 13f 5§ Kilmoon Church 15J Ik Black Lion 19 •• 8k Slane < 24 No. 157. DUBLIN TO MONAGHAN. 407 Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Grange Fortescue 27J Carrickmacross 42£ Ardee* 33 Eallybay 53k Clonkeen 36 Tullycarbet ■ 56£ Laggan Bridge ♦ 33£ Monaghan* 60^ FINGLASS is a village of Dublin, with a mineral spring, which was formerly much celebrated. The church, rebuilt in 1609, occupies the site of an ancient abbey. One mile distant is the observatory belonging to Trinity College. Pop. 840. KILMOON CHURCH, in Meath. Near it is the ruin of Macetown Castle. At New Grange, near Slane, is a celebrated tumulus, in which is an ancient cave, lined with great slabs of stone. It is said to have been used by the Druids as a temple or heathen cell, but is supposed by some antiqua- ries to have been the mausoleum of the chief of a colony of Belgae, established here in remote ages. Pop. 896. Fairs : April 2, June 2, Sept. 2, and Nov. 8. GRANGE FORTESCUE is a village of Meath. CLONKEEN CHURCH and village are in the county of Louth. The principal street, in the midst of which the market house stands, is wide and the houses generally good. CARRICKMACROSS is a market and post town of Monaghan, with a market house, built of the ruins of the old castle, which was burnt during the rebellion of 1641, an endowed school, a neat modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and dispensary. It has manufactories of soap, can- dles, leather, coarse shoes, and hats ; and there is a large brewery and distillery. The corn market is one of the largest in the county. The glebe-house is seen on the left of the village ; and there are several gentlemen's seats. A mile and a half beyond it is the church of Dunmayne ; 408 No. 158. DUBLIN TO MONEYMORE. and three miles from Carrickmacross is a pleasing lake. The inn is at the north entrance to the town. Pop. 2979. Market-days: Thursday; and Saturday for corn. Fairs: May 27, July 10, Sept. 27, Nov. 9, and Dec. 10. Inn : the Shirley Arms. BALLYBAY is a post town of Monaghan, built on an elevated hill ; three miles farther a small stream communi- cates between two loughs on the right hand of the road. There is a neat Episcopal church, and several meeting- houses. In the centre of the town is the market house, over which is the free school ; also a subscription library, and a dispensar}^. There is a considerable linen manufac- tory, the flax market is most extensive; and in the vicinity are several large bleach greens. The town is rapidly improving. Pop. 1947. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: on the third Saturday of every month, for horses and cattle. TULLYCARBET church and village are in the county of Monaghan. No. 158. From Dublin to MONEYMORE. Through Drogheda and Dungannon. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*, as at No. 1 40£ Charlemont* • 68£ Forkhill - • -■• 45J Dungannon • 72| Dromilly • 501 New Mills 75£ Mawhan 56£ Dunaghy 78 Market-hill* • • 58 Cookstown 81| Hamilton's Bawn 60J Moneymore * 85£ Rich-hill 624r FORKHILL is a post town of Armagh, with barracks : and the seat once belonging to Sir George Jackson, Bart. Slieve Gullen Mountain, at a short distance to the right, No. 158. DUBLIN TO MONEYMORE. 409 is a celebrated hill of great height. Its base covers a large extent, but its summit is the object of most interest: it exhibits a large pool or lake, with steps descending into a recess by the water's edge, which the neighbouring pea- santry suppose to be the resort of sprites and elves. Pap. 152. Fairs : May 1, Aug 1, Sept. 29, and Dec. 8. DROMILLY is a village of Armagh. Beyond it is Ballywire Church, 2J miles distant, and on its left is Ballemoyer Lodge. MAWHAN is a village of Armagh, on the Eeadybeg stream. HAMILTON'S BAWN is a small but well-built town of Armagh, having a barrack. Near it is Dunnenaught, a pleasant residence. Pop. 24o. Fairs: May 26, and Nov. 26. RICH-HILL is a beautiful little post town of Armagh, with a market house, and a considerable linen trade. Castle Dillon, the seat of Sir Capel Molyneux, Bart., is surrounded by a finely-wooded demesne, sheets of water, &c. In the grounds are two columns, raised in honour of the Order of St. Patrick, and of the volunteers of Ireland. Mr. Richardson's handsome seat is also close to the village. Fop. 937. Fairs : Monthly. DUNGANNON is one of the principal post towns of Tyrone, returns a member to parliament, and is governed by a provost and twelve burgesses. It was the ancient residence of the O'Neills, chieftains of the north ; one of whom, the leader in the rebellion against Eliza- beth, was created Earl of Tyrone, or Tirowen, and re- tained his provincial rank as a native prince, by assuming the courtier in doing homage to the virgin queen, and the warrior in repelling the English forces from his ter- ritory. His castle at Dungannon was afterwards razed to N N 410 No. 158. DUBLIN TO MONEYMORE. the ground by Ireton's troops. The monastery of Dun- gannon was founded by the O'Neale family, and soon afterwards granted to the Earl of Westmeath, by whom it was assigned to Sir A. Chichester. Vestiges of it still exist. Dungannon possesses a yarn hall, erected in 1814, a modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, gaol and court house, several schools, a savings' bank, and a dispensary; adjoining the town is an extensive brewery and distillery, — and the linen market is very considerable. The coal mines of this district are constantly worked, and the canal from this town, which passes by Coal Island, and enters Lough Neagh, affords it a communication with Lisburn, Belfast, Newry, &c. Dungannon park is a splen- did seat of the Earl of Ranfurly, who has done much to improve the town. Pop. 3515, Market days : Monday, for grain ; Thursday, chiefly linen. Fairs : first Thursday of each month. Inns : The King's Arms ; and the Northland Arms. DUNAGHY is a village of Tyrone. Near it is Desart- creat church, as well as a good mansion and demesne. Fairs : Feb. 1 and 13, April 8, June 2, and Dec. 3. COOKSTOWN, in Tyrone, is an increasing market and post town, consisting principally of one well-built street, nearly a mile in length, bordered by lofty trees on each side. It has a good market, and carries on the linen manufacture. It has a neat Gothic church, erected in 1820, a Roman Catholic chapel, and several meeting houses. The cultivated vale, through which the Cookstown river flows, is bounded by lofty hills. Seat : Killymoone, the mansion of the Stewart family, adjoining the town, is esteemed one of the best situations in this county. Pop, 2883. Market days : Tuesday, for corn ; Saturday, No. 161. DUBLIN TO NAVAN. 411 for linen. Fairs: Feb. 8, March 28, May 8, June 16, Aug. 8, September 4, Oct. 10, and Nov. 8. Inns : The Stewart Arms, and the King's Arms. No. 159. From Dublin to MOUNT MELLICK. Through Luc an, Celbridge, and Portarlington. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Portarlington*, as at No. 129 36| Mount Mellick* 43£ No. 160. From Dublin to MOY. Through Dundalk, Newtown-Hamilton, and Blackbank. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk* as at No. 1 40J Moy* 68£ Armagh* as at No. 6 62$ No. 161. From Dublin to NAVAN. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Cabragh 2 Doudstown 23 Ratoath 12| Navan* 26 Skreen 19J RATOATH is a village of Eastmeath, formerly a borough. Its unadorned rath has a single tree growing on its summit, and forms a conspicuous object across the level plains of Eastmeath. Close to it are the foundations of an abbey, on the site of which the church is built. The village is surrounded with trees. St. John's Well is a resort of the peasantry towards the end of June. Pop. 552. Fairs: April 18, June 1, and Nov. 20. 412 No. 162. DUBLIN TO NEWMARKET. SKREEN is a village of Eastmeath. The church is situated to the right of the ancient walls of a dilapidated castle, and in the cemetery are some ancient crosses. The chapel is the place where service is performed, the re- mainder of the church being out of repair ; over the door is a curious sculpture. The summit of Skreen Hill com- mands an extensive prospect. Fairs: June 20, and Oct. 12. No. 1G2. From Dublin to NEWMARKET. Through Carlow, Kilkenny, and Mallow. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Clogheen*; as at No. 27 • • • • 93k Kanturk 128 Mallow*, as at No. 128 . 118J Newmarket ••• 132 KANTURK is a market and post town of Cork, situ- ated on the Alio and Dalluo rivers. The castle, built in the reign of Elizabeth, by M'Donough McCarthy, has been repaired by the Earl of Egmont. Kanturk has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a free school house. Pop. 1349. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: Mar. 17, May 4, July 4, Sept. 29, Nov. 3, and Dec. 11. NEWMARKET is a small town of Cork, with a neat church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and barracks. At a small school here, Curran received the elements of learning. In the vicinity are the ancient castles of Carigacushen and Mac Auliffe. It is a mountainous district, and contains bogs, limestone, and several beds of coal. Pop. 1437. Fairs : June 8, Sept. 8, Oct. 10, and Nov. 21. Inn: Hartney's. Seat : The fine residence of R. R. Aldworth, Esq. 413 No. 163. From Dublin to NEWPORT. Through Maynooth, Mullingar, and Castlebar. Dublin Castle to Miles, Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad*, as at No. 100. • . 29* Ballyhaunis* 93$ Strokestown* as at No. 122. 70 Ball* 1071 Tulsk* 75i Minola* 109| Castle-Plunket* 78f Castlebar* 114J Cast]erea* 84£ Newport 123| Ballinlough 89i NEWPORT is a sea-port town of Mayo: its commerce is inconsiderable, although it has an excellent harbour for large ships. Its rival, Westport, on the south cove of Clew Bay, appears more fortunate : the mountains, which are of great altitude in the surrounding district, interrupt the inland communications, and the course of trade appears to divide itself betwixt Killala and Westport. The mansion of Seamount is in a bold situation above the harbour. A small river takes its rise in the hills, and quickly dis- charges its rapid stream into the bay of Newport. Pop. 1235. Fairs : June 8, Aug. 1, Nov. 11, and Dec. 20. Of the numerous and interesting islands in Clew Bay, which forms a deep gulf, the following are amongst the largest : — Inisline, Ilanmore, Liishugh, Inisclare, and Inisturk. Off the mouth of this beautiful bay are the great Islands of Achill, consisting of wild verdant hills : they are frequented by persons engaged in the pursuit of various species of fowl, and form an interesting excursion to the sportsman. KM 3 414 No. 164. From Dublin to NEW ROSS. First Road. Through Leighlin Bridge, Gore's Bridge, and Borris. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Leighlin Bridge*, as at New Ross*, as at No. 95. • ■ 67k No. 27 45 No. 165. From Dublin to NEW ROSS. Second Road. Through Carlow, Bagnalstown, and Borris. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Carlow*, as at No. 27 - • 39 Bagnalstown 47£ Clonmulsh 43 Borris* 54£ Dunleckney 46J New Boss* 67 CLONMULSH and DUNLECKNEY are villages of Carlow. BAGNALSTOWN is a post town of Carlow, on the Barrow, over which is a handsome bridge. Near this is the fine seat of the Bagnal family. Fop. 1315. No. 166. From Dublin to NEWRY. Through Drog- heda, Dundalk, and Carlingford. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*, as at No. 1. 40J Carlingford* 51| Ballymascanlan 40! Newry* 61£ BALLYMASCANLAN is a village of Louth, on the Jonesborough river. A mile beyond it is the Giant's Load — a mass of rock, 12 feet long, and 6 square, placed upon the top of three great stones. Near to Bellurgan Park, in the vicinity, is the ancient castle named Castle No. 168. DUBLIN TO NEWTOWN BELLEW. 415 Rath ; it is surrounded by some moats and raths, and close to it is a remarkable tumulus. A mile from Castle Rath, near the sea coast, is Baltug Castle. No. 167. From Dublin to NEWTOWN ARDS. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Banbridge* as at No 1..... 601 Saintfield 78 Dromore* • 66 Comber* 84 Ballinahinch* 74 Newtown Ards* 87£ Sx\INTFIELD is a market and post town of Down. It was occupied in 1798 by the insurgents, after an action in which they gained a slight advantage. The condition of this town is rapidly improving. It is governed by a seneschal. The public buildings are a market house, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and two meeting houses. Near it is Saintfield House, the residence of Nicholas Price, Esq., proprietor of the town. Pop. 1053. Market day : Monday. Fairs: Monthly. Another road conducts to Belfast, distant 10 miles, through the village of Newtown Breda, in which is a handsome church and steeple, 3 miles from Belfast, and near it hBeluoir, the mansion of Sir Robert Bateson, Bart. This entire district is fertile, and well cultivated, and is the seat of the linen and other manufactures. No. 168. From Dublin to NEWTOWN BELLEW. • Through Kinnegad, Athlone, and Ballinasloe. Dublin CaHle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ballinasloe*, as at No. 100. 713 Mount Bellow Bridge 85£ Ahaacragh 78i Newtown Bellew* 87& Caltragh 82 416 No. 170. DUBLIN TO OMAGH. AHASCRAGH is a village and post town of Galway. Seat : Clonbrock, the charming residence of Lord Clonbrock, 2 miles distant. Pop. 851. Fairs: Easter Monday, Trinity Wednesday, Aug. 25, and Nov. 24. CALTRAGH is a small village in the county of Galway. Fairs : May 14, July 13, Sept. 21, and Dec. 14. MOUNT BELLEW BRIDGE, in Galway. Seat : the mansion of Sir W. Bellew. Fairs: May 7, June 9, July 25, and Sept. 29. No. 169. From Dublin to NEWTOWN MOUNT KENNEDY. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Bray* 11 Newtown Mount Kennedy 17 NEWTOWN MOUNT KENNEDY is a village and post station of Wicklow, situated in a very romantic dis- trict and flourishing in its appearance. See No. 204. Pop. 825. Fairs : Feb. 2, Easter Tuesday, June 29, Aug. 15, Oct. 29, and Dec. 21. No. 170. From Dublin to OMAGH. First Road. Through Collon, Monaghan, and Augher. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Drogheda*, as at No. 1. • • ■ • 23$ Omagh* as at No. 143. • • ■ • 87£ Castleblayney*, as at No. 7. 51 £ 417 No. 171. From Dublin to OMAGH. Second Roab. Through Castle Shane, Emy Vale, and Bally- gawley. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Drogheda*, as at No. 1. 23h Aughnaeloy 71 Castleblavney*, as at No. 7. 51 £ Ballygawley 74£ Emy Vale* as at No. 143. • ■ 66% Omagh* 865 AUGHXACLOY, in Tyrone, is an agreeable post and market town, built near the Blackwater, in which are found excellent trout. It is traversed by several roads from the principal towns in Tyrone. It has a handsome church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses. This road to Omagh is half a mile nearer than by Augher. One mile from Aughnacloy, in the direction of Augher, are the ruins of Lismore fort, once of considerable strength. Pop. 1712. Market day : Wednesday. Fairs: Monthly. Inn : the King's Arms. BALLYGAWLEY is a village and post town in Tyrone, with many neighbouring villas, and has an extensive manufactory of gloves. Four miles beyond it is the Starbog Spa, and there is a fine range of mountains in the vicinity. Pop. 972. Fairs: Monthly. Xo. 172. From Dublin to OMAGH. Third Road. Through Hamilton's Bawn, Dungannon, and DONAGHMORE. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk*, as at No. 1. 40£ Nine-Mile House 84^ Dungannon *, as at No. 158 72| Six-Mile Cross 87i Donaghmore 75i Omagh * 945 Pomeroy 80f 418 No. 174. DUBLIN TO OUGHTERARD. DONAGHMORE is a village of Tyrone. Fairs: First Tuesday of every month. Pop. 437. POMEROY is a village of Tyrone. Fairs: June 1, and Nov. 11. No. 173. From Dublin to OMAGH. Fourth Road. Through Dungannon and Castle Caulfield. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk * as at No. 1. • • • • 40i Ballygawley * 824: Dungannon * as at No. 158 72§ Omagh* 943 Castle Caulfield 75* CASTLE CAULFIELD is in Armagh. Here stood the castle of Lord Charlemont, which was destroyed in the great rebellion (1641), and its possessor slain. No. 174. From Dublin to OUGHTERARD. Through Philipstown, Banagher Loughrea, and Galway. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Galway *, as at No. 100. • ■ 102| Oughterard 116* Drumcong 109J DRUMCONG is a village of Galway. OUGHTERARD is a post town in Galway, forming a good station for the intelligent traveller or painter who is willing to undertake the labour of penetrating into the mountainous region towards the west, in which is the cele- brated district of Connemara, the property of T. Martin, Esq., M. P. Oughterard contains barracks for infantry; and near it, on the estate of T. H. O'Flahertie, Esq., of Lemonfield, is a chalybeate and ferruginous spa, which was highly recommended by the late Sir Humphrey Davy. Near No. 174. DUBLIN TO OUGHTERARD. 419 the barracks is a natural bridge. Above the village there is a succession of pretty rapids, and on a green bank at the foot of them stands a neat cottage, the property of Mr. Martin, of Galway, who calls it his gatehouse ; for from this spot the road passes through his estate to his house at Baliinahinch, a distance of twenty-six miles. Pearls are found in the little river which runs through Oughterard, specimens of which can easily be obtained. The indented coasts of the bays on the west side of the county of Galway are hemmed in by some very interesting islands, which are as little known as the beautiful and stupendous hills of the main land. The inn is tolerable. Pop. 640. Seats : Dangan, H. Reddington, Esq. ; Menlough Castle, Sir J. Blake, Bart. The lakes in this vicinity are exten- sive and beautiful. For a description of Lough Corrib, with its islands and fine mountain range, see the article on Galway. On the coast of Galway, beyond Oughterard, is the vil- lage of Fearmoyle. There is a Roman Catholic chapel lately built on the banks of the river, by the Rev. Dr. Kirwan ; and in the barony of Baliinahinch is situated the small town of Baliinahinch, above which are seen the rocky precipices of Beannabeola, called the Twelve Pins. Pop. 1000. In this quarter, called Joyce's Country, are some beautiful lakes and streams. Beyond Baliinahinch the road is continued to BallinakiU, a village on a small estuary, opposite to the beautiful Island of Ennisbofine. On the right of this rugged district, which abounds with green mountain heights of great eleva- tion, and romantic winding valleys, a large stream, named the Owenreave River, divides Galway from the county of 420 No. 176. DUBLIN TO PORTADOWN. Mayo, and beyond is seen the range of the great Morisk Hills. This river falls into an open bay, to the south of Newport, or Clew Bay. Fairs are held at Ballinahinch, June 29, and Oct. 20. Seat : The mansion of Thomas Martin, Esq., M. P. No. 175. From Dublin to PORTADOWN. First Road. Through Loughbrickland. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Loughbrickland* as at No. 1. 58$ Moyallen 63£ Gilford* Q2k Portadown 65h MOYALLEN is a village of Down. PORTADOWN is a well-built market and post-town of Armagh, on the west side of the Bann, over which is a handsome stone bridge. In the town are two meeting houses. Half a mile from it is Drumcree church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. A mile above Portadown, the canal from Newry falls into the river Bann, and thus forms a communication with lough Neagh. The great market for grain gives a degree of activity to this little town, and the linen manufacture is also profitable to it. Pop. 1591. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: First Sa- turday in each month, Easter-Monday, Whit-Monday, and Nov. 12. Inn: Walker's. No. 176. From Dublin to PORTADOWN. Second Road. Through Tanderagee. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry *, as at No. 1 50J Portadown * 65$ Tanderagee 61£ No. 179. DUBLIN TO PORTRUSH. 421 TANDERAGEE. See No. 14. One mile distant to- wards Newry is Clare Castle, and three miles towards Portadown is Dawson's Grove. Mullyvilly church is half- way from Tanderagee to Portadown. No. 177. From Dublin to PORTAFERRY. Through Rathriland, Clough, and Downpatrick. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry *, as at No. 1. 50^ Portaferry* 80J Strangford * as at No. 73- • • • 80 No. 178. From Dublin to PORTGLENONE. Through Lurgan, Antrim, and Randalstown. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Antrim * as at No. 1 83 Grange * 93 Randalstown * 88 Portglenone * - * 97 No. 179. From Dublin to PORTRUSH. Through Drogheda, Armagh, and Coleraine. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dundalk *, as at No. 1 . 40 1 Coleraine *, as at No. 61. 109£ Armagh *, as at No. 6. 62J Portrush 114 PORTRUSH is a village of Antrim, with a custom house establishment and salt works. The yellow strand of Portrush and the distant prospect of the bold rocks along the coast are much admired. The alternate cliffs of lime, perforated by caverns formed by the waves, and rocks of 422 No. 180. DUBLIN TO PORTUMNA. whin-stone and basalt, furnish a varied line of coast ; but the green summits of the gently swelling hills which form the back of the cliffs are generally destitute of trees. Near Portrush is the grand ruin oiDunluce Castle. Pop. 387. No. 180. From Dublin to PORTUMNA. First Road. Through Philipstown, Tullamore, and Birr. Dublin Castle to Miles Dublin Castle to Miles. Frankford *, as at No. 99- • 57i Parsonstown * 63| 60i Portumna 74£ PORTUMNA is a pleasant village and post town of Galway, on the west side of the Shannon, across which is a ferry. The wooden bridge over the river was erected by Mr. Samuel Cox, architect, of Boston, in America. The ancient friary at Portumna was a cell to the Cistertian abbey at Dunbrody, in Wexford ; its remaining walls form an elegant ruin, and its choir has been converted into a modern church. T he new church is a fine building, at the south end of the town; and there is a Roman Catholic chapel, and a good inn. Here also are infantry barracks, and the ruins of the original castle, as well as the castle of the Marquess of Clanricarde, a noble mansion, of antique appearance. At Lorrah, on the Tipperary side, are some castle ruins. The remains of the palace castle, at Tynagh, are surrounded by wood. Pop. 1122. Fairs: Feb. 15, May 6, July 1, Aug. 15, Oct. 17, and Nov. 15. Seat : Flower Hill, a beautiful mansion of Lord River- ston. 423 No. 181. From Dublin to PORTUMNA. Second Road. Through Kildare, Maryborough, and Roscrea. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Roscrea*, as at No. 3 59* Portumna* 79* Parsonstown* 69^ No. 182. From Dublin to ROSCOMMON. Through Lucan, Kinnegad, and Athlone. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athlone* as at No. 100 59 J Roscommon* 745 Ballymurry* 69! No. 183. From Dublin to RUTLAND. Through Navan, Enniskillen, Donnegal, and Dunglo. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Mount Charles*, as at No. 80. 114 River Gibbarrow 129 Sir Albert's Bridge 120 Drumlaghded Hill 13ii Glenties 123 Dunglo* 135 Shaltagan Bridge 126 Rutland 139 SIR ALBERT'S BRIDGE, in Donegal. One mile beyond KiUiene Lough is Sir Albert's Well ; half a mile farther is Sir Albert's Bridge. Beyond which Drienlin Bridge is one mile distant ; two miles farther, there is a bridge across the Glenties, or Onea River. GLENTIES is a village of Donegal, on the river Amdrass. Fairs : March 17, June 19, July 27, Aug. 12, Sept. 12, and Dec. 28. SHALTAGAN BRIDGE is a village of Donegal. 424 No. 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. RUTLAND is a post town, and is noted for its fisheries, particularly of herrings, for the improvement of which Colonel Conyngham obtained a bounty of 20,000/. ; but soon after the works were executed, it was found that the shoals had in a great measure abandoned the coast. The island of Rutland contains 180 acres, and is situated off the mouth of a creek which runs up to Dunglo, in Donegal, and affords an excellent shelter for vessels engaged in the fisheries, which have here a secure roadstead in three fathoms water. Dunglo forms a market for Rutland, and is the great thoroughfare to it from the county of Donegal. — Vide page 273. No. 184. From Dublin to SCARVA. Through Drog- heda, Newry, and Lougiibrickland. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Lougiibrickland*, as at Scarva • • • 60| No. 1 58i SCARVA is a pleasant village of Down, situated close to the Newry canal: it has a considerable salt work. Lough Shark is a small sheet of water near Scarva. Fairs : March 21, June 19, Sept. 5, and Nov. 14. No. 185. From Dublin to SLIGO. Mail Coach Road. Through Mullingar, Longford, and Carrick-on- Shannon. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad* as at No. 100- •• • 29h Edgeworth's Town 52$ Mullingar • 38} Longford 58h Leny 44i Newtown Forbes 61 Ballinalack 46i Husky Bridge 66$ No. 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 425 Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dromod ■ * 673 Boyle 84£ Drumsna 7^# Ballinafad 871 Jamestown 725 Coloonev 98f Carrick-on-Sharmon 77 Ballisodare 10Q£ Ardkarna Church 81| Sligo 103| MULLINGAR, a market and post town, and the county- town of Westmeath, is almost surrounded by the canal which communicates with Dublin. It consists principally of one long street, from which others diverge. The chief public buildings are, the church, which is modern ; a Roman Catholic chapel, a meeting house, the barracks, the gaol and court house, the infirmary, and the market house. The assizes for the county are held here. Here may be seen the ruins of two monasteries, founded in the thirteenth century, one of which, called the House of God, of Mul- lingar, was for Augustines ; the other was for Dominicans. The environs of Mullingar are pleasing, and are diversified by romantic sites, extensive lakes, and extensive man- sions. This town is an emporium for wool, and is noted for a horse and cattle fair. Near the town is Monte Video, the residence of Henry Wilton, Esq. Pop. 4-516. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: April 6, July 4, Aug. 29, and Nov. 11. Inn: Murray's. LENEY, in Westmeath, has a modern built church ; and on a hill, in the vicinity, is a school house. One mile and a half distant, between Lough Hoyle and Lough Derivaragh, is Wilson's Hospital, for the support of sixteen old men, and the education and maintenance of sixteen boys, natives of this county. Seat : Donore, a mansion of the Nugent family. BALLINALACK is a village of Westmeath, pleasantly situated on the Inny, which connects two beautiful loughs, oo 3 426 No. 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. Pop. 334. Fairs: Feb. 15, May 18, Oct. 2, and Dec. 20. Seat: Tristernaghj the demesne of the Piers family. Near this mansion formerly stood the ruins of an abbey, founded shortly after the English invasion, by Sir Geoffrey Constance ; but these beautiful vestiges of monastic archi- tecture were entirely demolished in 1783. Near the entrance to Tristernagh are the ruins of Temple-cross chapel. EDGEWORTH'S-TOWN is a large and pleasant post town of Longford. It is remarkable as the residence of the Edgeworth family, so celebrated for its literary talents. The spire of the church, executed from a design by the late Mr. Edgeworth, is of cast-iron, covered with slate. There is also a Roman Catholic chapel, and a school for the education of the orphans of the established clergy. In the chuLxh-yard is the vault of the Edgeworth family, and the church contains, amongst other inscriptions, one in memory of the late R. L. Edgeworth, Esq. In the vicinity are quarries of slate. Pop. 1001. Fairs: March 2, May 5, July 2, Sept. 12, Nov. 5, and Dec. 17. LONGFORD, the capital of the county of Longford, is a market and post town, situated on the Camiin, a small river which runs into the Shannon. The Packenham family, possessing the title of Baron Longford, is dis- tinguished in our military annals. Longford has a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses, a county infirmary, a market house, a gaol ? a court house, house of industry, barracks, a well-endowed school, and a savings' bank. It formerly possessed two religious houses, an abbey, founded by Idus, its first abbot, and a Dominican friary, erected in the 15th century. A branch of the grand No. 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 427 canal has been extended to this town, which has very much increased its trade, and there are flour mills, and a brewery, in the town. Pop. 4516. Market day : Saturday. Fairs: March 26, June 10, Aug. 19, and Oct. 22. Inns: The Longford Hotel, and Connor's Inn. NEWTOWN FORBES is a post town of Longford. A mile distant is Castle Forbes, the mansion of the Earl of Granard. Pop. 537. Fairs: Easter Tuesday, Sept. 4, and Oct. 31. HUSKY BRIDGE, across the Shannon. At this village a small canal assists the navigation. DROMOD is a village and post town of Leitrim, near the river Shannon. Pop. 162. DRUMSNA is a village and post town in Leitrim, on the east side of the Shannon. The church is situated at Anaduff, about a mile from the town, and is a neat building, with a square tower. In the vicinity are Mount Campbell, the seat of Admiral Sir J. Rowley; and Charlestons, the seat of Sir Robert King. Pop. 427. Fairs : May 20, June 22, Aug. 25, Oct. 2, and Dec. 14. JAMESTOWN is a disfranchised borough and market town of Leitrim, situated near the Shannon, which the road crosses twice. It has barracks, a Roman Catholic chapel, and the ruins of a castle, of which the military tra- ditions possess interest. There was a religious house at this place. Pop. 220. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: May 28, July 8, Sept. 1, and Dec. 20. CARRICK-ON- SHANNON, the county town of Lei • trim, and formerly a borough, is built on the north side of the river, over which there is a stone bridge of eleven 428 No, 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. arches. It has spacious barracks, and a county gaol ; close to which is a commodious court house of black stone, with a Doric portico. The other public buildings are, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, a county infir- mary, and two school houses. Pop. 1870. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: Jan. 18, March 20, May 12, June 6, Aug. 11, Sept. 14, Oct. 22, Nov. 21, and Dec. 16. Inn: Church's. ARDKARNA CHURCH, in Roscommon. Above a mile from this place, adjacent to Lough Key, is Kingston Hall, Earl of Kingston's, surrounded by fine plantations. BOYLE, a market and post town of Roscommon, is seated on the Boyle, which is a tributary stream to the Shannon, and near the delicious Lough Key, amidst Lord Lorton's fine woods. Over the river are two bridges; on one of which is a statue of William III. Boyle has a court house, a good church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a meeting house, a free school, a dispensary, barracks, and a savings' bank, and is governed by a recorder. It is sometimes called Abbey- Boyle, from the Cistercian abbey, founded in 1148. This was a cell of Mellefont abbey, and its beautiful remains may be seen in Kingston Park, north of the river, overgrown with ivy, and a fine ash tree grow- ing within the walls. This abbey was frequently plundered by Irish chieftains, and in 1235 by Maurice Fitzgerald, the Justiciary. The Gothic steeple rests on transverse arches, which are supported by round and clustered columns: the cloisters remain, but have been converted into bar- racks. Adjacent to the abbey is the foundation of a round tower. Lough Key extends its beautiful expanse of water to Boyle : on its islands are some castellated ruins, and lofty timber. Rockingham House, Lord Lorton's splendid demesne, is about 2 miles from Boyle, and is No. 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 429 of great extent ; the house is built solely of limestone, of which a highly polished specimen is seen on the great staircase. It was obtained from a quarry on his Lord- ship's estate. Pop. 3433. Market day : Saturday ; and Wednesday, for linen and butter. Fairs: March 6, April 3, May 9 and 30, July 9 and 25, Aug. 17, Oct. 1, and Nov. 25. Inns : Boyle's, and the Lorton Arms. BALL1NAFAD is a small village of Sligo. The keep, forming part of the ruins of its ancient castle, commands a pleasing view. In the vicinity is Ballaghbuy Mountain, well as Lough Arrow, a charming lake, with many beautiful islands. In a wild district, on its banks, are the remains of Ballindown Abbey, consisting principally of two chapels, and a belfry, distinguished by this architectural peculiarity, — the east and west windows are pointed, and all the others elliptical. Seats : Hollybrook, finely situated on the banks of Lough Arrow, and the residence of Mr. Foliott. COLOONEY is a market and post town of Sligo, seated on the river Colooney. It has a handsome church, in the Gothic style, dedicated to St. Paul, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a linen hall, erected by E. S. Cooper, Esq., who is a distinguished patron of this town. The linen manufacture flourishes here ; and there are some fine bleach greens, and mills. The market is the greatest for linen and yarn in the county. The French, under General Humbert, obtained an advantage here in 1798, but the English being reinforced, they surrendered shortly after- wards at Ballinamuck. Seats: Markcrea Castle, the fine seat of E. S. Cooper, Esq., in which there is also an observatory. 430 No. 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. Pop. 553. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: May S, June 1, Aug. 9, Sept. 6, Nov. 23, and Dec. 16. BALLISODARE, in Sligo, is prettily seated on the Colooney Water, and is remarkable for its waterfall. Here is a stone bridge of seven arches ; also some flour mills, and a large bleach green. The principal objects near Ballisodare, are its lead mines, and its excellent stone or marble quarries, — also the cemetery and ivy-clothed abbey, near the mouth of the Colooney river. Pop. 546. Fairs: Feb. 8, May 28, July 10, Aug. 4, Oct. 4, Nov. 12, and Dec. 16. SLIGO, the shire and assize town of the county of the same name, is pleasantly situated on the Garrogue, by means of which the waters of Lough Gill, situated to- wards the south east, are discharged into Sligo Bay. Over the river are two stone bridges, and vessels of 200 tons can come up to the quay ; the harbour has been improved by the erection of a pier outside the bar. Sligo returns a member to parliament, and carries on an extensive trade, which is rapidly increasing, particularly in corn and butter. The public buildings are, the court house, the custom house, the county gaol, town hall, the old church, dedicated to St. John, the new church at the east end of the town, built of stone in the Gothic style, the barracks, the fever hospital, the charter school endowed by the Wynn family, and the infirmary. There are also two Roman Catholic chapels, one of which, dedicated to St. Patrick, is a hand- some building, several meetinghouses, and a public library. Of Sligo castle no vestiges remain, but close to the town, and pleasantly situated on the bank of the river, are the ruins of the abbey, founded by Maurice Fitzgerald No. 185. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 431 in the 13th century, and rebuilt in a magnificent style during the 15th. They consist of the cloisters, which are richly ornamented ; the tower resting on a gothic arch, and dividing two chapels, and the walls of the church. The east window is particularly beautiful, and round the nave is a stone gallery. A few feet from the ground is the tomb of O'Connor, Lord of Sligo, on which he and his wife are represented kneeling at an altar. Near Sligo is Lugna Clogh, or the Giants' Grave, con- sisting of a number of stupendous stones placed on each other, like those of Stonehenge. From the English road, cut in 1822, there is a fine view of the town. The environs of Sligo are beautiful, in particular Lough Gill, which is about two miles distant, and is about eight miles in length, and two in breadth. Its banks abound with pleasing scenery, but its principal beauty is Hazelwood, the seat of Mr. Wynn, situated at the end of a peninsula, and adorned with charming grounds. There are magnificent ash, oak, and elm trees on the de- mesne, and very fine evergreens. The opposite side of the lake consists of rude mountains, which form a fine con- trast. The glen, a chasm in the side of Knock-naren, is nearly a mile long, well shaded with trees ; its shrubs and its ivy, the heath and fern, afford shelter to the eagle and the fox, and many a channel has been furrowed by falling streams. The admirer of varied scenery will, from a hill called the Cairns, enjoy a rare treat. On one side, Lough Gill, with the fine improvements of Hazlewood ; on the other, a scene of surpassing grandeur opens between Bulben and Knock-narea. Below, the Garrogue pours from the lake into the sea ; and beyond, the bay of Sligo leads the eye on to the ocean. The country around is interspersed with 432 No. 186. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. villages and gentlemen's seats ; even the rocky shores of Lissadel, at the foot of Ben Bulben, are decorated with the marhle palace of Sir Robert Gore Booth (designed by Goodwin), and not less so by his fine groves and neat cottages ; nor are the towns and its shipping devoid of lively interest. Pop. 15,152. Fairs: May 27, July 6, Aug. 11, and Oct. 9. Market days : Saturday, for butter and corn, Tuesday and Friday. Inns: The Nelson, Boyles, and Ross's. No. 186. From Dublin to SLIGO. Second Road. Through Clonmellon, Killeshandra, and Swan- LINBAR. Dublin Castle to Miles. Castle Knock- • 3| Clonee 7 Black Bull Inn* 10i Grange 18 Trim 22h Athboy 28i Clonmellon 32| Ballynaganny 40£ Oldcastle 41£ Daly's Bridge • • • 46£ Darien's Bridge 51£ CASTLE KNOCK is a small and pleasant village of Dublin, with the ruins of a castle, built on a commanding height by the English invaders, in the time of Henry II. At Dunsink, a little beyond this village, is an observatory on an eminence. Pop. 188. CLONEE, a post town in Dublin. A mile from the bridge, on the left, is seen Dunboyne church. Dublin Castle to Miles. Ballinanaght 54£ Crossdoney - 56 Killeshandra 60| Bawnboy 69§ Swanlinbar 74£ Cross Roads (near Florence- Court) 77i Largay 84^ Manor Hamilton 94^ Sligo* 105£ No. 186. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 133 GRANGE, in Meath, At this village is a cavern, in the form of a cross, supposed to have been dedicated to some superstitious rites of the Druids. TRIM, the county town of East Meath, is pleasantly- situated on the Boyne. It is a market and post town, and till the time of the Union returned members to parlia- ment. In the vicinity are the remains of several castel- lated and monastic buildings, the most remarkable of which are, Trim castle, on the banks of the river, where John, Lord of Ireland, resided ; and the abbey, founded by St. Patrick, and afterwards rebuilt by De Lacy, Lord of Meath. Near the river, also, but half a mile from Trim, are the ruins of Newtown Abbey, forming a grand and picturesque object. Trim formerly possessed a mint, and was the seat of parliament till near the close of the 15th century. It was a w 7 alled town, and made defence against Cronvwell. Amongst the public buildings are, a handsome modern church, two Roman Catholic chapels, a market house and court house for holding the assizes, a gaol with a tread mill, by means of which the criminals supply water to the prison, a charter school, and barracks. The pillar erected here, at the expense of the county, in 1817, in honour of the Duke of Wellington, is of the Corinthian order, and is well situated. The principal objects worthy of notice in the environs of Trim are, Trimlestown Castle, the seat of Lord Trimles- town, two miles north-west of Trim ; the ruins of Bec- tive Abbey, situated on an eminence on the Boyne, three miles distant ; the ruins of the castle and church of Scurlog's Town, 2\ miles from Trim, and Laracor, for many years the residence of Dean Swift, two miles south of the town. Pop. 3282. Market Day : Saturday. Fair* : March 27, p p 434 No. 186. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. May 8, June 17, Oct. 1, and Nov. 16. Inns : The O'Reilly Arms, and the Black Boy. ATHBOY is a market and post town of East Meath, pleasantly situated on a rivulet. It was formerly a bo- rough, and had a house or cell for Carmelites. It consists principally of one spacious street, and has a market house, a church, and a Roman Catholic chapel, as well as two schools supported by the Darnley family, In the vicinity are several fine seats, particularly Clifton Lodge, one mile distant, belonging to the Earl of Darnley, who is proprietor of the town ; Brew's Town, Ballinlough, and the extensive farm of Sir Thomas Chapman. Pop. 1959. Market day : Thursday, chiefly for corn. Fairs : Jan. 23, Mar. 13, May 4, Aug. 4, Sept. 25, and Nov. 7. CLONMELLON is a village of Westmeath. The thurch has a modern spire. In the vicinity is a small circular lough. Pop. 960. Fairs: Jan. 28, May 2, July 25, and Sept. 29. DALY'S BRIDGE, or, MOUNTNUGENT, a post town in Cavan, One mile distant, is Lough Sheallin, or Sheck- lin, with several islands, in one of which are the ruins of an abbey. This lake is seven miles long, and four broad, and its banks are studded with cottages. On the south shore are remains of Ross Castle, with the hill, or Ben of Fore. Pop. 171. BALLINANAGHT is a considerable village of Cavan. CROSS DONE Y, is a village and post town in Cavan, surrounded by many delightful country seats, and three diminutive loughs. Fairs; April 5, May 27, Aug. 26, and Nov. 17. KILLESHANDRA is a market and post town of Cavan, pleasantly situated on the Croghan, which flows No. 186. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 435 into the Erne. It has a market house, a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, meetinghouses, a dispensary, and infantry barracks. The inhabitants are chiefly occupied in the manufacture of linen. On the banks of the river are the remains of a castle, and in the vicinity is the neat villa of Castle Hamilton. There is a good inn. Pop. 1 137. Fairs : Jan. 28, March 28, May 9, June 22, July 15, Aug. 20, Sept. 28, and Nov. 8. B AWN BOY is a village of Cavan. Near it is a range of mountain called SViebh Russel. Fairs: Monthly. SWANLINBAR, in Cavan, is an agreeable village, celebrated for its spa, which is much resorted to for its alterative and diaphoretic qualities. The well is within an ornamented enclosure, and is neatly laid out with walks and shrubberies. The church has a handsome spire. The borders of Fermanagh are marked by extensive hills, the principal of which is the Quilca Mountain, containing iron- mines. Pop. 398. Fairs: Feb. 2, March 30, May 18, June 29, July 27, Aug. 18, Sept. 14, Oct. 30, Nov. 27, and Dec. 21. CROSS-ROADS, a little beyond Florence Court, the splendid mansion of the Earl of Enniskillen. The facade is of the Ionic order, and extends 260 feet. In front is a beautiful lawn, and around, groups of fine trees : mountain scenery and Lough Macknean bound the view to the west. LARGY, in Cavan. Near the Black Lion inn are the walls of an ancient church. Lough Macknean, in which are three fertile islands, extends nearly to this place. Fairs : May 22, July 22, Sept. 22, and Nov. 19. MANOR-HAMILTON is a market and post town of Leitrim, pleasantly situated on a rivulet. It has a castle, erected in the time of Elizabeth, and is surrounded by romantic hills. There is a neat church with a spire, a 436 No. 187. DUBLIN TO SLIGO. Roman Catholic chapel, meeting houses, a sessions house, a dispensary, and free school. Above two miles distant is the picturesque ruin of Cor Castle. Near this is the seat of the Earl of Leitrim. Pop. 1348. Market day: Thursday. Fairs: May 8, July 1, 1st Thursday in Aug., Oct. 7, and Nov. 19. Or, Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Killeshandra, as before .... 60f Callahill 71 3 Ballyconnel 67£ Cross Roads, as before 77i BALLYCONNEL is a village of Cavan, near the river Woodford. It has extensive flour-mills, and there is a handsome Gothic church, a Roman Catholic chapel, about half a mile from the town, and a dispensary. There is a small lake whose surface is 120 feet above the level of the sea. Pop. 453. Market day : Friday. Fairs : Monthly. CALLAHILL, in Fermanagh. Beyond the church is a castle in ruins. No. 187. From Dublin to SLIGO. Third Road. Through Mullingar, Strokestown, and Elphin. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad* as at No. 100. • • 29£ Boyle* 84 Lanesborough*., as at No. Ballinafad* 87£ 122. 62£ Colooney* 93* Strokestown* 70 Ballisodare* - 99| Elphin 75^ Sligo* 103* ELPHIN is a beautiful post town of Roscommon, and is a bishop's see, founded by St. Patrick. Its principal buildings are, the episcopal palace, the diocesan school No. 18S. DUBLIN TO ABBEYLEIX. 437 house, the public hospital, and the dispensary. It has also a modern church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The town and abbey were destroyed by the English in 1177, and the remains of the collegiate church were converted into a parish church at the reformation, when the lands belonging to the monastery were granted to Terence O' Byrne. Pop, 1507. Fairs: May 3, June 29, Sept. 29, and Dec. 10. Inn: Madden's. No. 188. From Dublin to STRADBALLY and ABBEYLEIX. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles, Kilcullen* as at No. 27. • • 22 Stradbally 38£ Athy* 32£ Abbeyleix- ••■ 47i STRADBALLY is a market and post town in Queen's county, situated in a fertile and delightful country. Its public buildings are, a market house, a neat church and tower, a dispensary, cotton mills, and a chartered school for clothing, educating, and apprenticing sixty boys. This town is much resorted to in summer, as a watering place. Pop. 1799. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: May 6, July 10, Aug. 21, Sept. 14, and Nov. 21. Seats : Stradbally Hall, the seat of Mr. Cosby, and Brockley Park, the Earl of Roden. ABBEYLEIX is a post town of Queen's county, situated on the Nore. It has a church and Roman Catholic chapel; also a lace manufactory, and a good inn. It is on the mail road to Cork, by Cashel. Pop. 1009. Fairs: March 17, April 18, May 5, and Nov. 4. p p 3 438 No. 189. From Dublin to STROKESTOWN. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Kinnegad*, as at No. 100- 29J Barry 54* Mullingar* 38* Kenagh 565 Ballinacargy 45| Killashee 61 Buck House Inn 47* Tarmonbarry Bridge 64J Colehill • 51 Strokestown* .' 7H BALLINACARGY is a village and post town of West- meath. On the shore of a small lough, between this place and Mullingar, is a beautiful mansion called Sonnagh. In the same direction, but within a mile of Ballinacargy, is Baron's Town, a stone house, erected by the late Lord Sunderlin, a noble edifice 300 feet in length, and sur- rounded by a park and charming scenery ; it is now occu- pied by R. Malone, Esq. He also built a small but beautiful church at Kilbiccy, in the vicinity. Pop. 308. Fairs : May 9 and 1 5, and Oct. 28. BUCK HOUSE INN. Near this is an ancient chapel ruin, and Newport, the seat of Mr. Blake, situated between two branches of the river Inny. Beyond this is a castle ruin. COLEHILL is a village and post town of Longford. In the vicinity is Tennelick, a fine mansion, built close to the river Inny, and near it are the walls of an ancient castle. On the road, a mile beyond this village, is Tashiny church. Tashiny Fairs are held March 27, May 28, July 9, and Sept. 26. BARRY is a village of Longford : 2\ miles beyond it, to the left of the road, is Kilcommack church. Fairs: at Barry, last Monday in January, April, July, and Oct. KENAGH is a village of Longford, just beyond which No. 191. DUBLIN TO TAGHMON. 439 the river Kenagh traverses the park belonging to the splendid mansion of Mosstown. Two miles farther are the ruins of a castle and a church. Pop. 396. Fairs: Sept. 10, and Oct. 10. KILLASHEE is a large village of Longford, with a neat church. Fairs: March 8, May 24, Sept. 29, and Dec. 1. No. 190. From Dublin to SUMMERHILL. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Lucan* 6h Kilcock* 14£ Leixlip* 8 Summerliill 19£ Maynooth* Ill SUMMERHILL is an extremely neat modern post town in Meath. It is built in the form of a square, having a green in the centre. Dangan, now the seat of Roger O'Connor, Esq., was the birth-place of the noble brothers, the Marquess of Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, and Lord Maryborough. Near it is Summer- liill House, the residence of Lord Langford, the proprietor of this town. Pop. 331. Fairs : April 30, June 9, Sept. 22, and Nov. 25. No. 191. From Dublin to TAGHMON. Through Blessington and Enniscorthy. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Enniscorthy*, as at No. 205. 57 Taghmon 68 TAGHMON is a market and post town of Wexford, on the road from Wexford to New Ross. It was a borough town until the Union. The principal buildings 440 No. 192. DUBLIN TO THURLES. are, the church, a modern stone structure, the Roman Catholic chapel, and the dispensary. In the centre of the town are the remains of an ancient castle. Pop. 1109. Market days : Monday and Thursday. Fairs : Monthly ; the market for butter is considerable. Inns ; The Ship, Red Lion, and Plough Inn. No. 192. From Dublin to THURLES. Through Maryborough, Durrow, and Johnstown. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Maryborough* as at No. 3. 40 Urlingford* 6H Ballyroan* 44 i Longford Pass §3$ Burrow* 51| Thurles ffi& THURLES is a market and post town in Tipperary, pleasantly situated on the Suir, which crosses the main street at right angles. It has a handsome sessions house, a large gaol, a neat church, a very spacious and handsome Catholic chapel, with a fine organ, and a Roman Catholic college, two convents, barracks occupying the mansion formerly belonging to the Matthew family, and a Lan- casterian school superintended by monks. A house of White Friars was founded here by the Butlers, at the commencement of the fourteenth century, the ancient tower and ruins of which stand east of the Suir. The adjacent country is rich, and the inhabitants are wealthy farmers. About 3 miles from Thurles, on the road to Cashel, are extensive remains of Holy Cross Abbey, founded by Donogh, King of Limerick, in the twelfth century. Pop. 7084. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : 1st Tues- day of every month, Easter Monday, Aug 21, and Dec. 21. Inns : Quinlan's Hotel ; and the Star and Garter. 441 No. 193. From Dublin to TIPPERARY. First Road. Through Kildare, Mary borough, and Cashel. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Maryborough* as at No. 3. 40 Tipperary*, as at No. 54. • • 895 No. 194. From Dublin to TIPPERARY. Second Road. Through Thurles and Dundrum. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Maryborough*, as at No. 3. 40 Longford Pass 63$ Ballyroan* 44$ Thurles* 70* Durrow* 51| Dundrum 81^ Urlingford* 61$ Tipperary* 873 No. 195. From DUBLIN to TRALEE. First Road. Through Limerick and Listowell. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Listowell*, as at No. 3. • • • • 13U Tralee • • . ■ 144$ KILFIN, in Kerry, is a village 1\ miles beyond Listo- well. A mile to the right, near the river Brick, stands the decayed castle of Lixna, once the magnificent residence of the Earls of Kerry. A road from Lixna returns through the village of Bally dor e to the right, across the Cashin river at a ferry. Fairs: May 11, July 8, Sept. 8, Oct. 7, and Nov. 5. TRALEE, the county town of Kerry, is situated at the extremity of a broad but shallow bay, surrounded by lofty hills, having Kerry Head at the mouth of the Shannon, to the north-west, and Brandon Head, forming the opposite extremity, to the south-west. The court house and gaol 442 No. 195. DUBLIN TO TRALEE. form one side of the square in the centre of the town. The other public buildings are, the market house, the church, which is a noble modern structure, two Roman Catholic chapels, the dispensary in Abbey Street, the county infirmary in High Street, the Methodist meeting house, and the Independent meeting house. On an emi- nence in the vicinity, are infantry barracks for 600 men. Large shoals of herrings are taken in the bay. There is a considerable trade in corn. The election of the county members is held here, and Tralee borough returns a member to Parliament. The gentlemen of this county being remarkable for their opulence and public spirit, Tralee, upon many occasions, has a cheerful and fashionable appearance. It is governed by a provost and burgesses. The badness of the harbour, however, checks it as a place of trade. No vessels can approach nearer than Blennerville, which is a mile distant ; but a ship canal is now in progress from the bay to the town. The history of Tralee is important : Lord John Fitz Thomas founded here the Dominican monastery of the Holy Cross, and being slain, together with Maurice his son, in 1262, they were both interred here. There were several castles in Tralee, one of which, still existing, was the chief castle of the Earl of Desmond. In 1579, Sir Henry Danvers, with Justices Meade and Charters, were slain in this castle by the Earl's brother, for holding a session in Desmond's Palatinate : this brought on the civil war, and the destruction of this powerful family and their connexions. Elizabeth granted this castle and for- feiture to Sir Edward Denny, who is proprietor of the town. Two miles from Tralee is a chalybeate spa much resorted to. Pop. 9562. Market day : Saturday. Fairs : May 3, No. 196. DUBLIN TO TRALEE. 443 Aug. 4, Oct. 9, Nov. 7, and Dec. 13. Inns : The Crosby Arms, the Mail Coach, and Military Hotel. At Blennerville there are four fairs held, on May 9, Sept 15, Oct. 25, and Dec. 19. No. 196. From Dublin to TRALEE. Second Road. Through Lime hick, Abbeyfeale, and Castle Island. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Abbeyfeale * as at No. 3. • • 123h Arbela 138i Castle Island 1333 Tralee * 142* CASTLE ISLAND, a post town in Kerry, formerly the castle of the island of Kerry, was once populous, and was the assize town of this county. Here are the ruins of a large castle, built in 1226 ; it was taken by Sir Ralph Llfford, in 1345, from the retainers of the Earl of Desmond, and its gallant defenders were put to death. The lordship of Castle Island, or seignory of Mount Eagle Royal, was granted by Elizabeth to the Herberts, a family still pos- sessing large estates in Kerry. Castle Island has a market house of the Tuscan order, and a barrack, both of them out of repair; a charter school, founded in 1762, a modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel, an assembly room, and a comfortable inn. Pop. 1569. Fairs: Jan. 1, Feb. 2, Mar. 17, April 20, May 20, June 24, Aug. 1, and Oct. 1. ARBELA, in Kerry. Ash Hill, at this place, as well as Elm Grove, and Bally seedy, are mansions of the Blenner- hasset family. A mile from Arbela is the dilapidated castle of Ballycarthy. 444 No. 197. From Dublin to WARRENS-POINT. Through Drogheda and Dundalk. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Newry *, as at No. 1 50i Warrens-point 55h WARRENS-POINT, so called from a rabbit-warren on this site, is a small port and sea-bathing village of the county of Down, which is rapidly rising into importance. It is a sea-port and post town, and forms the point of com- munication between the vicinity of Newry and Liverpool, a steam-boat and other packets plying between that port, the Isle of Man, and Warrens-point. The village has been built with a view to accommodate the numerous visitors who in summer frequent this romantic place. The pros- pects which it commands of Carlingford harbour, the mountains, and the lighthouse, are justly admired. Warrens- point has a handsome modern church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a meeting house, a dispensary, and hot and cold baths. Near it is Sea-view, a range of buildings erected as lodging-houses. Vessels of large burden can come up to the quay. Rostrevor is two miles distant. Pop. 1856. Fairs: last Friday of every month. Inns : The Crown, and the King's Arms. No. 198. From Dublin to WATERFORD. Mail Coach Road. Through Carlow, Gowran, and Thomastown. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Leighlin Bridge*, as at No. 27. 45 Waterford*, as at No. 84. . . 744: 445 No. 199. From Dublin to WATERFORD. Second Road. Through Leighun Bridge and Innistiogue. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. LeiglilinBridge*,asatNo. 27. 45 Graig 571 Royal Oak Inn * 47 Innistiogue 63 Gore's Bridge 5i£ Waterford* 76i GORE'S BRIDGE, a post town in Kilkenny, is seated on the Barrow, across which is seen the ruin of Ballyellan Castle. Pop. 634. Fairs: Jan. 18, and Dec. 18. Seat : Mount Loftus. GRAIG, a post town of Kilkenny, situated in a charm- ing valley, with a handsome bridge over the Barrow. Here are the ruins of a magnificent abbey, founded by William Mareschall, Earl of Pembroke, in 1212, in which was once deposited a Domesday Book of this kingdom, com- pleted by King John. The octagon tower remained until 1774, and the walls of the abbey are still nearly perfect. The abbey was granted to James Butler in 1556. Pop. (of Graig) 2130. Fairs: May 10, June 11, and Oct. 28. INNISTIOGUE is a post town of Kilkenny, consisting principally of one square, in the centre of which are the remains of a cross. There is a church and schools, and the salmon fishery of the Nore gives employment to many persons. It has vestiges of a monastery, founded in 1210. Over the river Nore is a handsome stone bridge of ten arches, built from designs by Mr. G. Smith. Pop. 906. Fairs: March 11, June 9, Oct. 12, and Dec. 13. Seat : Woodstock, one of the noblest seats in the south of Ireland, with a fine wood covering 500 acres, and over- hanging the river, with many superb prospects. At this seat, Mrs. Tighe, the author of Psyche, expired ; and QQ 446 No. 201. DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. here a monument, by Flaxman, has been erected to her memory. About three miles south-east of Woodstock is Pu- lacuila, a romantic glen, adorned with a beautiful waterfall. The excursion by water from Innistiogue to Waterford, particularly between the former place and New Ross, exhibits some beautiful scenery, and numerous charming seats. There is another road from Gore's Bridge,- through Thomastown to Innistiogue, by which the distance to Waterford is 76 J miles, as in the present route. No. 200. From Dublin to WATERFORD. Third Road. Through Carlow, Burris, and New Ross. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Carlow*, as at No. 27. 39 New Ross* 67 Bagnalstown, as at No. 164 • • 47t G-lanmore 77£ Bums * • • • • • 54^ Waterford* 83£ GLANMORE, in Kilkenny, is a neat village, with an ancient castle. Here is a steep and beautiful glen. Going from New Ross to Waterford, this is the road usually taken. Returning from Waterford, by a shorter road, the river is crossed at Ballinlaw Ferry, from which there is a beautiful road to New Ross. No. 201. From Dublin to WATERFORD. Fourth Road. Through Wicklow, Enniscorthy, and Taghmon. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Gorey*, as at No. 204 45£ Taghmon* 71 Clough Church 48 Fooksmill 74£ Ferns * 54 Passage-east 84 Scarewalsh Bridge 57 Waterford * • • • • 89 Enniscorthy * 60 No. 203. DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 447 PASSAGE-EAST is situated on the entrance of the rivers Barrow and Suir, in Waterford. The church is seen on the top of a hill, which casts its broad shadow over this small town. At its pier, constructed on the foundation of a fort or block- house, passengers embark for Milford Haven. Pop. 658. Fairs: May 6, June 12, Sept. 9, and Nov. 12. No. 202. From Dublin to WATERFORD. Fifth Road. Through Baltinglass, Enniscokthy, and New Ross. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Enniscorthy * as at No. 205 • • 57 New Ross * 72 Clonroch 63 Waterford * 88£ No. 203. From Dublin to WESTPORT. Through Ballinamore, Ballinrobe, and Partree. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Athlone*, as at No. 100- ••• 59£ Ballinrobe* 112 Tuara*, as at No. 124 93 Partree 117 Kiimain * 104£ Westport 127* PARTREE is a village of Mayo, in a charming position, on the stream which connects Carra Lough with Lough Mask. The traveller passes this water by the bridge at Partree. In this vicinity he may visit the round tower, abbey, and hamlet of Jghagower, on the Westport road, as well as the beautiful lakes, old castles, and the abbeys of Burriscarra and Ballintubber. The landscape painter may here meet with some romantic prospects. WESTPORT is a market and post town of Mayo, de- riving its name from its remote situation on the western 448 No. 203. DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. shore of the kingdom. The harbour is a mile from the town, at the south corner of the head of Clew Bay, and is opposite to Newport, which is six miles distant. Westport is a well-built town, on the borders of a pretty river flowing through a fine vale into the bay. In the middle of the town there is a mall, with a pretty stream running in the centre of it, and with rows of fine trees on both sides. It possesses a neat market house, a linen hall, a court house, barracks, public schools, and hospital, and on the Mall a richly-constructed modern Roman Catholic chapel, of Gothic architecture. Its trade in grain is considerable, and there are extensive corn stores on the quay. This district is covered by stupendous hills, divided by charming dales and romantic ravines, and bordered by a grand and beautiful sea-shore ; the indented havens being spangled with a multitude of green or rocky isles, which afford shelter to those engaged in the fisheries. The esta- blishment of these flourishing ports cannot fail to be highly beneficial to the inhabitants of the mountainous portions of this province ; the commerce of Westport is already of some importance, and there is a rising spirit of enterprise in the townsmen. Westport House, the elegant mansion of the Marquess of Sligo, the noble proprietor of this town, is nearly half a mile distant, with a gate entrance from the Mall, and pos- sesses a rich library : in its charming demesne is a small parochial church. In the direction of Louisburgh, a village of the neigh- bouring coast, we pass the great Hill of Croagh Patrick, otherwise the Reek, a noble mountain, said to be 2666 feet above the level of the ocean. Here the popular tradition supposes that St. Patrick collected all the reptiles, vipers, and venomous serpents, and cast them into the sea — a fable No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 443 which has its origin in the fact, that poisonous reptiles do not exist in Ireland. There are great numbers who visit this place annually, to do penance. This is a conical hill, and serves as a landmark for vessels in the western seas. In Killer y Mountain, a slate quarry has been rendered productive by the exertions " and encouragement of the Marquess of Sligo. The linen manufacture, which never succeeded so well here as eastward, is now fast declining. The herring fishery deserves great attention here ; large shoals of fish frequent the Bay of Killer y, which is on all sides bounded by the high range of the Morisk mountain, that in many places overhangs the sea-worn caves. On the opposite side of the Killery, in Mayo, the Marquess of Sligo owns a spot called Delphi, which lies in a beautiful situation, and the traveller may easily procure a boat to take him across. Reaving Westport, the tourist will pass on the left, a lough seven miles long, and a mile and a half wide, called Lough Dan, with cultivated banks and wooded islands. Pop. 4448. Market-day: Thursday. Fairs: Jan. 1, May 24, Aug. 6, and Nov. 1. Inn: Robinson's Hotel, considered the best in Ireland. No. 204. From Dublin to WEXFORD. First Road. Through Wicklow, Newborough, and the Bkoad Ferry. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Donnvbrook 2 Gore-y 45& Stillorgan • 4h Ballycanoc 49h Bray 10 Wells 54£ Kilcool 16 Kyle 56 Wicklow 24 Wexford 665 Ark]..*- M QQ 3 450 No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. DONNYBROOK, in the county of Dublin, is situated on the Dodder, and is celebrated for its great fair, which commences August 26th, and lasts for six days. Here the native humour of the Dublin citizens is annually displayed, when, after accustomed libations, the word is followed by the blow, a well tempered method of making good the most brilliant points of Irish wit and argument. The sale of horses of every description adds considerably to the spirit of Donnybrook Fair. In this village are cotton-painting mills, and an hospital for incurables. The ancient church deserves notice. Fair: Aug. 26. Seats : Merville, Sans Souci, and 4 miles from Dublin, Mount Merrion. STILLORGAN, in Dublin. The church, and the fine prospect of Howth Hill, seen from the obelisk, a hundred feet high, are deserving of notice. There are also many gentlemen's seats. Pop. 650. Kilmacudd, in the immediate vicinity, is noted as the birth-place of St. Cuthbert. BRAY is a post town and sea-bathing place of Wick- low, separated from the county of Dublin by the river Bray, which is famous for its trout. Here the angler may pass his leisure hours amidst wooded glens and awful precipices. The vicinity, which is celebrated for its romantic scenery, abounds with gentlemen's seats ; and near the bridge, on the Dublin side, is Ravenswell, for- merly the seat of the Rowley family. Bray has a court house, a neat church on an eminence by the river side, a Roman Catholic chapel, a meetinghouse, infantry barracks, a savings' bank, and charity schools, and there is an exten- sive brewery, and the remains of an old castle, near which a battle took place in 1690, between the forces of James II. No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 451 and William III, Races are held annually on Bray common, which were formerly held at Wicklow. About a mile and a half distant is the rocky promon- tory called Bray Head, which rises 807 feet above the level of the sea. Its summit may be reached without much difficulty. Under Bray Head is a remarkable preci- pice, called the Smugglers' Glen. The white pebbles found on the shore beneath it are cut and polished, and are much prized. Along the coast to Dublin are several martello towers. Pop. 3758. Fairs : Mar. 1, May 1, July 1, Aug. 15, Sept. 20, and Dec. 14. Inn : Quin's Hotel. Two miles beyond Bray is Kilruddery House, the seat of the Earl of Meath. This noble mansion was commenced in 1820, on the site of the original buildings, and is sur- rounded by charming grounds. Two miles farther is the village of Kilnacarrick. K1LCOOL is a village of Wicklow, surrounded by many elegant seats. It has the ruins of a church, and a respectable inn. Between this place and the sea is the saltmarsh of Cooldross, to which the horses of the metro- polis, when ill, are sent to pasture. A mile beyond Kil- cool is the village of Newcastle. Pop. 469. Fairs: Whit Monday, and Sept. 4. The Black Bull is an inn beyond Newcastle, where the road is joined by another, which the traveller left to the right on quitting Bray. This road, on the right, is more than a mile longer than the left, or coast road, but is extremely romantic, and requires notice, as it has been recently selected as the mail route. About 3i miles from Bray is the Glen of the Downs , formed by two hills rising abruptly from twelve to thirteen hundred feet, and entirely covered with wood. Between 452 No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. these there is just sufficient passage for the road, and for a small torrent, which runs parallel to it. Here the tra- veller should notice Mrs. Latouche's cottage, at the north end of the glen, and above it the banquetting room, and the octagon temple. Belleview, the seat of the Latouche family, is a plain but extensive building, commanding fine prospects, and surrounded by charming grounds. The conservatory is entitled to particular notice. A quarter of a mile east of Belleview gate is the pretty village of Delgany, with a Gothic church, built by P. Latouche, Esq. in 1789; it contains a splendid monument in honour of D. Latouche, Esq., executed by N. Hickey, an Irish sculptor. Two miles from Delgany, on the left, is Wood- stock, the villa of the Bishop of Clogher. The traveller then returns to the high road near the en- trance of the glen, and, three miles from Delany, arrives at the small but neat village of Newtown Mount Kennedy, which is 17| miles from Dublin. Here is a very comfortable inn, where the tourist might fix his head- quarters, as the scenery of the vicinity presents numerous objects worthy of a visit ; such as the Devil's Glen, where the Vartrey torrent forms a cascade 100 feet high, Dunran, the seat of the Rev. Joseph Fletcher, Kiltymon Glen, Altadore, the seat of the Rev. Mr. Hepenstall, and Tenny Park, Mr, Jessop. The mansion and demesne of R. G. Cunningham, Esq., are particularly entitled to attention. A mile beyond Kiltymon is Ballycarry, the seat of Charles Tottenham, Esq., and Glenmore Castle, F. Synge, Esq. Beyond Newtown is Mount Kennedy, and within two miles of Wicklow, Newry Bridge Inn ; near which is Rosanna, noted as having been the residence of Mrs. Tighe, the authoress of Psyche. WICKLOW, the capital of the county of Wicklow, is- No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 453 a post town, pleasantly situated on the sea-shore, at the mouth of the Leitrim ; over which is a stone bridge of eight arches. The river is shallow, having no more than seven or eight feet of water ; but there are about forty fishing vessels belonging to this port, and a considerable trade is carried on in exporting copper ore from the Wick- low mines, corn, hides, cattle, &c, and importing lime- stone, rock salt, coals, and slates. On a huge rock at the mouth of the river, are the remains of a singular fortifica- tion, called the Black Castle, consisting of a wall with bat- tlements and buttresses, erected by William Fitzwilliam in the 14th century. There are also, in a private garden, vestiges of a Franciscan monastery, founded in the reign of Henry III. Wicklow has a church with a tower, on an eminence, a court house, a gaol, a market house, barracks, in the front part of which, it is said, James II. lodged after the battle of the Boyne, a Roman Catholic chapel,two Roman Catholic schools, and meeting houses for the independents, methodists, and quakers. On the bank, called the Mur- rough, extending for about six miles along the sea shore, is a course, where races were held annually, but are now held at Bray. The ale brewed here is much es- teemed. On Wicklow Head, about a mile distant, are three light houses, and at the base of this lofty promontory are some curious limestone caves. Pop. 2472. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: Mar. 28, May 1, Ascension day, Aug. 12, and Nov. 25. Inns: Rogers' and Halpin's. ARKLOW, is a sea- port, market, and post town, situa- ted on the Ovoca, over which is a bridge of 19 arches. The harbour is unsafe, being surrounded by sand-banks, but it admits small vessels ; and upwards of 100 boats are en- 454 No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. gaged on this coast in taking herrings and oysters. At the upper end of the town are barracks, and near them the ruins of the castle, once the seat of the Earls of Or- mond, and formerly a place of considerable strength and importance. There are also vestiges of a Dominican Friary, founded in the 13th century. Arklow possesses a modern stone church, built from designs by F. Johnston, Esq., a Roman Catholic chapel, a charter school, a Lancas- terian School, erected in 1823, by the Earl of Carysfort, a Roman Catholic school, a fever hospital, a dispensary, and a methodist meeting house. Here, on June 9, 1798, the rebel army, consisting of 20,000 men, was defeated by General Needham, whose forces did not muster more than 2000 strong. On a lofty hill, near Arklow, is the Mauso- leum of the Howard family. A mile west of the town, on the bank of the Ovoca, is Shelton Abbey, the seat of the Earl of Wicklow, where James II. lodged one night, after the battle of the Boyne ; and opposite to it is Glenart Castle, the charming residence of the Earl of Carysfort. In the vicinity is Ballyarthur, the handsome seat of the Rev. H. Bayley ; the prospect from which is very fine. In the parish of Arklow is Croghan Mountain, in w T hich gold was discovered some years ago in large quantities. In 1796, the peasants obtained 2,666 ounces of gold in less than two months, and the mines were then taken possession of in the king's name. They have been since neglected. Pop. 4383. Market day : Thursday. Fairs: Jan. 11, Mar. 22, April 19, May 14, June 28, Aug. 9, Sep. 25, ar ; d Nov. 15. Inn : Sterne's. GOREY is a borough, market, and post town of Wex- ford, with extensive fisheries, and is governed by a sove- reign and recorder. It has a handsome stone church, a No. 204. DUBLIN /TO WEXFORD. 455 Roman Catholic chapel, a market house, a sessions house, a fever hospital, a savings' bank, and several charitable institutions. About a quarter of a mile from Gorey is Mr. Ram's fine seat, called Ramsfort, which was burnt during the rebellion of 1798. In the deer park is seen Creagh Hill, from the summit of which there is a noble prospect. Courtown, the splendid seat of Lord Courtown, is on the sea-coast, and has a small fishing harbour. Camolin is a handsome village and post town, five miles from Gorey, and near it is Camolin Park, the seat of the Earl of Mount- Norris. Near the sea also is Clonathin, another seat of the Ram family. At Clogh village and church, two miles beyond the town, is a chalybeate water, called The Iron Well. Pop. 3044. Market Day: Saturday. Fairs: Jan. 1, Mar. 14, May 2, June 1, July 10, Aug. 31, and Oct. 27. KYLE is a small post town of Wexford, with the remains of a monastery, founded in 600. A mile beyond it is the inn at Olart. Near this place Major Lombard and one hundred militia-men were surrounded and slain in 1798. Four miles from Kyle we reach Castle Ellis church, and beyond it Castle Talbot, a handsome mansion. Still farther is the ruin of Garrylough Castle. WEXFORD is a handsome borough, market, and post town, giving name to the county of which it is the capital. It is situated on the Slaney, at its entrance into Wexford Bay. The harbour is protected by two points of land which approach each other, and nearly enclose a land- locked expanse, resembling a lake. Over the river, about three miles from the town, is a wooden bridge, called Ferry Carrig, 2100 feet in length, and 42 in breadth, allowing the passage of vessels in the centre, erected by Mr. Samuel 456 No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. Cox, architect, of Boston in America. The town consists principally of one long street, from which a few lanes diverge ; and there are several handsome public buildings ; the chief are, the court house and market house, both modern ; the barracks, partly built of stone from the walls of the old castle ; the county gaol, the church, which is handsome and modern ; the Roman Catholic chapel, and the county infirmary. Wexford also possesses a Roman Catholic college, a nunnery, a Lancasterian school, a house of industry, a subscription news room, a lunatic asylum, a fever hospital, a methodist chapel, and meeting houses. Near the west gate is a mineral spa. Amongst the mo- nastic vestiges entitled to notice, are the church and abbey of Selksar, or priory of St. Peter and St. Paul, said to have been founded by the Danes, and the ruins of the church of St. Mary, remarkable for its graceful arches, supported by round columns ; the choir is entered by a Saxon arch, and there are several tombs. This church, with several others, was destroyed by order of Cromwell, when in possession of the town, in 1649. Here also are remains of a house of the Knight's Templars, founded by William Marischall. The square tower, formerly attached to the priory, is in a high state of preservation ; adjoining which a church has lately been built. Wexford has a mayor and recorder, and returns a member to parliament. It was one of the earliest Eng- lish colonies, and its ancient castle was built by Fitz- Stephens in the time of Henry II., who embarked from this place, after receiving homage from most of the princes of Ireland. Wexford was the second object of Cromwell's assaults, who stormed it, and slaughtered Sir Edward Butler, and the entire garrison. In 1798, it was eva- cuated, and the rebels held possession of it : on retreating No. 204. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 457 they killed 97 of the inhabitants on the bridge, and cast the bodies into the Slaney. The trade of the town is considerable, although none but small vessels can approach the quay and custom- house, on account of the sands and shallows. Its chief exports are corn and cattle. Manufactures, however, are in a flourishing condition. The oysters of Wexford are famous, and the coast abounds with wild fowl. On the road leading to the Barony of Forth, lies a range of rocks about a mile in length, and half a mile in breadth ; they are called Trespan Rocks, and are upwards of 60 feet in height. In the Barony of Forth, near Wexford, live the de- scendants of an ancient colony who were led over by the Welsh Barons, in the time of Henry II., to the assistance of King Dermod. They possess great simplicity of man- ners, have mixed but little with the natives, retain their native language, and are remarkably clean, sober, and in- dustrious. This district is particularly noted for its im- proved state of farming. Carrick Castle, two miles north-west of W r exford, was the first military edifice erected by the Anglo-Normans in Ireland. Its remains are seated on a rock on the banks of the Slaney. Near Wexford also is Saunders Court, the seat of the Earl of Arran. Pop. 10,673. Market days : Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs: March 17, May 1, June 29, Aug. 24, and Nov. 1. Inns: White's, Sutherland's, and Furlong's, 45 S No. 205. From Dublin to WEXFORD. Second Road. Through Baltinglass, Clonegall, and Enniscorthy. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Tallaght 5 Clonegall 45 Blessington 14 Enniscorthy* 57 Baltinglass 29 Wexford* 70J Tallow 38 TALLAGHT, in Dublin, is an ancient village and post town, seated on a rivulet, which supplies many mills. The church has a remarkable steeple, and in the church-yard are several crosses. The Archbishop of Dublin's palace, here, is a fine old building, and has an excellent garden. Timon Castle, in this parish, is an ancient square tower seated on an eminence. Beyond this place is Tallaght Mountain, which is barren, but affords a noble prospect from its summit. Enter Wicklow county five miles be- yond Tallaght. Pop. 359. Fairs: July 7, and Nov. 9. BLESSINGTON is a pleasant market and post town of the county of Wicklow. The church has a high square steeple, with a good ring of bells, and contains a marble monument in memory of Archbishop Boyle, who built the church, and was a great benefactor to the town. At the end of an avenue are the remains of his once magnificent seat, which was burnt in 1798 by the insurgents. There is a school supported by the Marquis of Downshire, and a dispensary. There is a manufactory of coarse cloth here. Pop. 426. Market day: Saturday. Fairs: May 12, July 5, and Nov. 12. Inns : The Blessington Inn, and the Downshire Hotel. Russborough, three miles beyond Blessington, is the Earl of Miltown's, a fine mansion built by Cassels ; it contains a good gallery, including pictures of Poussin, Vernet, No. 205. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 459 Guercino, Reynolds, and Barrett, an eminent native artist. Bally more Eustace, in a part of the county of Dublin, has a handsome bridge across the Liffey ; this village is not so flourishing as when it formed the thoroughfare to the south. It is Zh, miles beyond Blessington : an ancient church steeple crowns the hill above the village. One mile from Ballymore Eustace, and about three miles beyond Russborough, is the grand waterfall of Pol a Pucha, formed by the river Liffey, taking its course through a gap of forty feet in a rugged rock ; the grounds near it are tastefully laid out. The three cas- cades, in regular continuation, fall for a space of 100 feet. The arch of the intended bridge is to be 60 feet in span. Near it is Broomfield, the seat of the Earl of Mountcashell. To the left of the road, between Blessington and Bal- tinglass, is Sliebh Guih, or Church Mountain; on the top of which is a well, still frequented by pilgrims. It is sur- rounded by rude stone work. To the right of this road, and 26 £ miles from Dublin, is STRATFORD-UPON-SLANEY, in Wicklow. This town was built by the Earl of Aldborough, and is well laid out. It has manufactories of cotton and calico, a market house, and a church. Over the river is a bridge of four arches. The great hill above this town commands a view of ten counties. Two miles distant is Saunders Grove. Pop. 1000. Fairs: of Stratford-on-Slaney, April 21, and Sept. 7. BALTINGLASS is a market and post town of Wick- low, seated on the Slaney, in a beautiful vale, called Vallis Salutis. It is very ancient, and was formerly a borough. Its name is derived from the Irish, and signifies Belus, or 460 No. 205. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. Baal's fires, in allusion to the worship of the Sun observed here by the Druids, of whose altars there are several in the vicinity. Its principal buildings are, the church, the court house, the gaol, the infirmary, and the Roman Catho- lic chapel. In the Vallis Salutis are, the remains of the abbey of Saint Mary, founded in 1151, and an ancient castle belonging to Lord Aldborough, who is also pro- prietor of the town. Baltinglass has extensive manufac- tories of woollens, linens, and diapers. Pop. 1670. Market day: Friday. Fairs: Feb. 2, March 17, May 12, July 1, Sept. 12, and Dec. 8. TULLOW is a post town of Carlow, pleasantly situated on the Slaney. Over the river is a stone bridge, and immediately adjoining is an Augustine abbey in ruins. The castle, captured by Cromwell's army, has been con- verted into a barrack. Here also are a market house, and court house, a neat church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a nunnery. This was once a walled town. It has a brewery, and some flour mills, and is a good market for corn and butter. Pop. 1929. Market day : Saturday. Fairs: Jan. 20, April 21, July 10, Sept. 8, Oct. 29, and Nov. 21. Inns : Bridge Inn ; and Cullen's. Seats : Mount Wollesley, the mansion of the Wollesley family. Adristan. Rathrush, three miles distant, and one mile from it Balynunnery. CLONEGAL is a small but neat market and post town of Wexford. The view from the church-yard is beautiful. Between it and Enniscorthy are the ruins of Castle Ryland, and Clohaman Castle. Pop. 500. Fairs : first Wednesday in Feb., March, May, June, and Dec. ; May 30, July 31, Nov. 12 and 22, and Dec. 11. No. 206. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 461 NEWTOWN BARRY, in Wexford, is near to Clonegall, Iris a small post town, situated near the junction of the rivers Slanev and Clody. The church was erected by Lord Farnham, and the church-yard is one of peculiar beauty. There is a manufacture of frieze and linen carried on here. Fairs: Jan. 4, March 1, April 29, June 17, Aug. 20, Sept. 14 and 26, Nov. 4, and Dec. 14. One road leads from Clonegall to Scare wahh Bridge, then crosses the Slanev to Enniscorthy; but a second road to Enniscorthy crosses the two streams near Clone- gall, to Newtown Barry. There is also a road from Tullow through Kilbride, by the west bank of the Slanev to Newtown Barry ; within half a mile of which town is seen the fine mansion of Carrickduff. Here, on the borders of Carlow, are beheld the B lacks tairs and Mount Leinster. Pop. 1430. No. 20(3. From Dublin to WEXFORD. Third Road. Through Enniskerry, Aghrim, and Ennis- corthy. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Duudrum 3£ Tiunahely 38 The Scalp 8 Clonegall* 4?3 Enniskerry 10 Enniscorthy* 59k Rathdrum 25h Wexford* 723 Aghrim 32 Miltoum is a village, with a church, 2\ miles from Dublin Castle. Near it is Roebuck Castle, which was, for a long time, a seat of the Barons of Trimblestown. DUXDRUM, in Dublin, is a populous village, noted for its goats' whey, and its enchanting scenery. It has a handsome new church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. R R 3 462 No. 206. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. Its old castle, situated on a steep hill, overlooks a beautiful glen. Near this truly picturesque route, about 1J mile beyond Dundrum, is Kilgobbin Castle, a ruin, belonging to Lord Powerscourt. Pop. 680. Kilternan, in Dublin, is 7 miles from the city. After leaving this village, the road passes through the Scalp, which is so conspicuous from the bay of Dublin. This is a remarkable chasm in a mountain, which appears to have been rent asunder by an earthquake. Some have supposed it was cut out by human effort, forgetting that Celtic and northern tribes never performed such works. The barren sides of the sloping hills, for there is a shelving face rather than a precipice on either hand, present loose masses of stone, the largest fragments being the lowest. The width of this defile at the foot is just sufficient for the passage of the road to the county of Wicklow, the charming scenery of which is enthusiastically admired by every real lover of nature. To the east of the Scalp is a lead mine, where numerous persons are em- ployed in smelting lead. ENNISKERRY is a village of Wicklow, delightfully situated on the side of a steep hill, at the base of which runs a mountain torrent. It has school houses erected by Lord Powerscourt, to whom the village is indebted for many improvements. The air is remarkably good, and is recommended to those whose health is delicate. There are two good inns. Pop. 497. Nearly a mile from this village is Powerscourt, the celebrated seat of Viscount Powerscourt. This mansion occupies a commanding situation on the right of the road from Dublin, and is surrounded by a demesne of great extent and beauty. It was built from designs by Cassels, and is almost square ; in front is a beautiful lawn, sloping No. 206. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 463 towards the river Glenislorean. The principal objects of attention are, the hall, 80 feet by 40, the grand ball-room, in which His late Majesty George IV. dined in 1821, the parlour at the end of the hall, containing two fine pictures, and the octagonal room, lined with cedar. Adjacent, but across the stream, are Charleville, the fine residence of the Earl of Rathdown, and Tinnahinch, Mr. Grattan ; two beautiful villas, on the banks of the Dargle river. The grand Powerscourt Waterfall, 2| miles from the mansion, the Douce Mountain, and the romantic winding Glen of the Dargle, have been the admiration of all visitors. Seen from a distance, this fall, in consequence of its great height, appears like a long white seam ; but it assumes amazing grandeur, when, after rain, we con- template the impetuous rush from beneath. The pointed Sugar Loaf Mountains form the distant prospect, and are well worth a visit. The Dargle is about 12 miles from Dublin ; it is a delightful rural excursion. Mr. R. Twiss, in his tour, observes, " that it may justly vie with any part of Italy." A mile on this side of Rathdrum, the road passes a castle in ruins. RATHDRUM is a post town of Wicklow, situated on the Avon. There is a church with a spire, and a Roman Catholic chapel, and the only manufacture is flannels. On the summit of Rathdrum Hill is the flannel hall, a square building, 200 feet in length, erected by Earl Fitzwilliam, A market for the sale of flannel is held here on the first Monday of each month, and about 4800 pieces are exposed for sale in the course of the year. Pop. 1054. Market day : Thursday. Fairs: first Mon- of each month, last Thursday in May and August, Oct. 10, and Dec. 11. Inn : Bates's. About a mile from Rathdrum, on the banks of the Avon. 464 No. 206. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. is the beautiful demesne of Avondale Park, formerly the property of Mr. Hayes, and afterwards of Sir J. Parnell, to whose descendant it now belongs. Two miles and a half from Rathdrum, the Great and Lesser Avon form the Meeting of the Waters, the subject of Mr. Moore's beautiful ballad, commencing — There is not in this wide world a valley so sweet As that vale in whose bosom the bright waters meet. The spot called the Meeting of the Waters is not the most beautiful part. There is a bridge, and the meeting of the two streams, and wooded hills ; but, lower down the valley, there is more variety and beauty, particularly in the neighbourhood of Wooden Bridge Inn, three miles distant, which is very comfortable. Near the Meeting of the Waters is Castle Howard, the seat of Colonel Howard, through the grounds of which the stranger may obtain permission to drive. The road to this mansion is cut round a rock, and commands extensive and varied views. In this vicinity is the wild and romantic barony of Shile- lagh. After washing the base of the hill, whose summit is crowned by Castle Howard, the Ovoca flows between the mountains of Cronbane and Ballymurtagh, both of which contain copper mines. Fairs : June 22, Nov. 22, and Dec. 20 and 22. AGHRIM is a town of Wicklow, on the River Derry. Seats: Clone, one mile distant; Ballymanus, one mile distant, and Ballybeg, four miles distant. TINNAHELY, a post town of Wicklow, seated on a small stream, over which is a bridge of two arches. It has a market house and sessions room, erected by Earl Fitzwilliam, whose seat, named Malt on, is three miles distant. Pop. 575. Fairs : Monthly. No. 207. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 465 Hence to Clonegall, by the direct route, is nine and a quarter miles ; there is, however, a circuitous road turning to the left, beyond Tinnahely, which conducts through Carnew to Clonegall, on the right hand, or to Gorey on the left. Seat : CooUatin Park, the residence of Earl Fitzwilliam. No. 207. From Dublin to WEXFORD. Fourth Road. Through Arklow, Newborough, and En- NISCORTHY. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Blackrock 4 Gorey* 45£ Bray* 10 Ferns 54 Wicklow* 24 Ermiscorthy 60 Arklow* 36 Wexford* .. 73i About two miles and a half from Dublin is Old Merrion ; at which is Merrion Castle. A number of splendid seats and well-planted parks are seen from the road for several miles. Booterstown, three miles and a quarter from Dublin. In Booterstown Lane, on the right, is a Roman Catholic chapel, and a handsome church, with a steeple and spire. Williamstown is another of the villages on this route, which skirt the bay of Dublin. BLACKROCK, in Dublin, is the most celebrated sea- bathing place in the vicinity of the capital. The streets are rather confined, but the extraordinary beauty of the country residences, and of the sea-shore, secures to the Rock a long train of equestrian visitors and jaunting cars, which have, however, considerably decreased since the railway to Kingstown was established. There are several roads to Bray; by Killiney it is eleven miles from town. Pop. 2050. 466 No. 207. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. Seats : Maritime*, Lord Cloncurry, and that of Sir Hareourt Lees, Bart. The coach road is through the village of Cabinteely; and here is Cabinteely House, the seat of Miss Byrne ; also Bre- nanstown House, the seat of George Pirn, Esq. Killiney Hill is eight miles from Dublin. On its summit is a conspicuous obelisk, whence the traveller may enjoy a rich reward for his toil in ascending the mountain, in the diversified prospects of sea and land which this situation commands. Hence may be seen the bays of Dublin and Killiney, the islands of Dalkey, Ireland's Eye, Lambay, and the peninsula of Howth. As the Rev. G. Wright justly observes, in his " Guide to the County of Wicklow," — " Description cannot convey an adequate idea of the beauti- ful disposition which nature has made of these numerous objects of her creation." It is supposed that many rich veins of lead exist here. Near the base of the hill is a monument, erected to the memory of the Duke of Dorset, who was unfortunately killed here while hunting. To the right is Mount Druid, a gentleman's mansion, so named from a much admired antiquity, called the Druid's Temple : here is a banquetting room. The church is in ruins. The road joins the direct road from Stillorgan, and passes by Loughlinstown to Shangenagh, a mile beyond Killiney. Seats : Shankhill, Mr. Roberts ; Old Connaught, Lord Plunkett ; Shangenah, Sir George Cockburn ; and Cork Abbey, the Hon. Mr. Wingfield. FERNS, in Wexford, is situated near the small river Ban. This celebrated see was united with Leighlin in lo'OO. Part of the cathedral is modernized, and is in good repair. It contains the remains of St. iEdan, the founder of the building. Some dilapidated monastic edifices are still to be seen, particularly the Augustine abbey, founded No. 207. DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 4b'7 by Diarmit M'Murehad, as an atonement for his having burnt the town: he was buried in it a. d. 1171. King Dermot built the castle, which is seen on an eminence on this town, and hither he retreated until the arrival of the English forces. There exist also the walls of an ancient church-. The bishop's palace is a handsome building, sur- rounded by a beautiful park; and close to the cathedral is a holy well, dedicated to St. Maidhog, the first bishop, who was consecrated a. d. 598. Pop. oil. Fairs : Feb. 11, March 25, May 12, June 29, Sept. 4, Oct. 29, and Dec 27. ENNISCORTHY is a market, post town, and corpo- rate borough of the county of Wexford, situated on the river Slaney, over which it has a bridge of six arches. Sloops traffic between this town and Wexford haven, as the Slaney is navigable, and a large trade is carried on in corn. The town is principally on the right bank of the river, and Drumgold, with Temple Shannon, the suburbs, are beneath Vinegar Hill on the left. Enniscorthy Castle, built by the first English invaders, has been recently repaired, and is now occupied by the agent of Lord Ports- mouth. The abbey was granted to Spenser, the poet, in 1581 : the friary was founded in 1460, and was granted to Sir H. Wallop. The church and town were much injured by the insurgents in 179S : they occupied Enniscorthy, and had a camp on Vinegar Kill, where General Lake routed them, June 21, 1798. A fine view may be obtained from the top of this hill. The chief public buildings are, the old church, the Roman Catholic chapel, some meeting houses, a Roman Catholic school, a Protestant free school, the dis- pensary, hospital, and a handsome sessions house. In the neighbourhood is a large brewery and distillery. Lord Portsmouth is proprietor of the town. 468 N8. 208. DUBLIN TO YOUGHALL. Pop. 5955. Market days : Tuesday, Thursday, and Sa- turday. Fairs: Jan. 21, Feb. 21, March 21, April 25, May 10, June 7, July 5, Aug. 26, Sept. 19, Oct. 10, Nov. 15, and Dec. 21. Inns: O'Toole's, Moriarty's, and Rudd's. No. 208. From Dublin to YOUGHALL. First Road. By Carlow and Aglish. Dublin Castle to Miles. Dublin Castle to Miles. Clonmel*, as at No. 27 31| Youghall 109 Aglish 101 AGLISH is a decayed village of Waterford, with a for- tress of very curious construction. It is a quadrangular area, with four towers at the angles, connected by a curtain, in which are numerous loop-holes. The great gate was formerly fitted with a portcullis ; the large enclosure does not appear to have been built on, and the only apartments were in the angular towers. It is supposed to have been erected by John, Lord of Ireland, in the reign of his brother, Richard I. Aglish abbey is a ruin, one mile dis- tant. Pop. 302. YOUGHALL is a sea-port, borough, and corporate town of Cork, seated at the base of a hill in Youghall Bay, at the mouth of the Blackwater, over which is a long wooden bridge. The entire course of this river, from Mallow to the sea, is beautiful. The bar off the harbour impedes the navigation, but the harbour itself is commodious, and affords deep anchorage. The interests of commerce are also promoted by quays, piers, and a custom house. Youghall is governed by a mayor, and returns a member to parliament. It consists chiefly of one street, about a mile in length, divided into two parts, called North and No. 20S. DUBLIN TO YOUGHALL. 463 South Main Streets, by the clock house, in which is the gaol. There is a handsome assembly room. The church is a venerable Gothic structure, partly going to decay ; its nave is 132 feet long, and 66 broad, and on each side of it are six Gothic windows. The south transept is occupied as the vault of the Earl of Cork, and is adorned with a splendid monument, exhibiting in its inscriptions a com- plete history of the earl's family. In the churchyard are some very ancient and curious tombs. Youghall also pos- sesses a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a convent, seve- ral meeting houses, a dispensary and barracks, and savings' bank, a free school, and an infirmary. The principal trade of the town is in corn and provisions, and it has manufac- tories of earthenware. The potatoe is said to have been first planted here, on its introduction by Sir W. Raleigh, who resided in a Tiouse still standing near the church, now called Myrtle Grove, and occupied by Colonel Fount, who is very obliging in showing it to strangers. The in- terior is of oak, and exhibits very fine specimens of ancient carving. The Earl of Desmond captured Youghall in 1579, and hanged the mayor ; but the fortunes of his house soon after fell into utter ruin, and the Earl himself, with his general, Sir John Desmond, were compelled to seek refuge in caves till the sword closed their lives and the war in the south of Ireland. Cromwell embarked at Youghall after his gallant achievements in this harassed kingdom. On the coast, four miles from Youghall, is the village of Ardmore, which has a perfect round tower, about 90 feet high. Pop. 9608. Fains: Acension day, and Oct. 18. Market days : Wednesday and Saturday. Inn : The Devonshire Arms. s s .470 CROSS-ROADS. Miles. ADAIR to ASKEATON 8 J ANTRIM to Doagh 6 BALLYCLARE . . 71 ARDEE to Dundalk 10J CARLINGFORD 21f ARDEE to Kingscourt 10 Muff 12J Bailieborough .... 15| Stradone 26 CAVAN 301 ARKLOW to Ballyarthur 3| Newbridge 4| Kingston 6| Rathdrum 8| GLENDALOUGH 131 ARMAGH to Hamilton's Bawn . . 3£ Tanderagee 81 GILFORD ...... 11 ARMAGH to Richhill 4 Tanderagee 9 GILFORD Ill ARMAGH to Hamilton's Bawn . . 3| Scarva 10| Richhill 131 PORTADOWN .. 18| Miles. ARMAGH to Hamilton's Bawn . . 3| Clare 7J Scarva 10| Loughbrickland . . 12| RATHFRILAND 19| ATHBOY to Mead Town 4 Navan 9| Slane 15| DROGHEDA.... 22J ATHBOY to Rathmore 2\ Allen's Town 4 Ardbraccan 7 NAVAN 9 ATHENRY to Monivae 4| TUAM 15| ATHLONE to Baltimore 11 J Racondra 17 Mullingar 23 Castletown Delvin . . 33 J Athboy 401 Navan 50| DROGHEDA (by Slane and N. side of the Boyne) .... 63 ATHY to Kilberry Ruins .... 3 MONASTEREVEN 9 CROSS-ROADS. 471 Miles. ATHY to Stradbally 6| Maryborough .... \2h Killeigh 26" TULLAMOORE.. 30f AUGHER to Auglinacloy 5| BALLYGAVVLEY 10J AUGHNACLOY to Carnteel If Castle Caulfield.... 7 DUNGANNON .. 9} BAILIEBOROUGHto COOTEHILL .... 9| BALL to SWINE- FORD o... 11| BALLAGHY(Mayo)to Tubercurry 5§ Balcarra 13 J COLOONEY .... 17 BALLINA to Esky Bridge 13 BALLISODARE 30 BALLINAHINCH to Lisburn 7| HILLSBO- ROUGH 14| BALL1NANAGHT to CAVAN 4 J BALLINASLOE to Abascragh 61 Ballynamore 11| Ballinasloe to Kilkerrin 20J DUNMORE 28± BALLINROBE to Ball 12 Swineford 23J Ballaghy 28g Tubercurry 34J SLIGO 51 Miles. BALLYBOFEY to Killyock Church . . 5 Fin Town 12J SHALTAGAN BRIDGE 17 BALLYCASTLE to Moss-Side 6 Dervock 9| Coleraine 16^ Newtown Limavady 26 1 Ballykelly 29 Muff 34? LONDONDERRY 39J BALLYCLARE to Broughshane 10 CLOUGH 15 BALLYCONNEL to Callahill 4 Cross Roads 10 ENNISKILLEN 15 BALLYGAWLEY to Castle-Caulfield . . 7 DUNGANNON .. 9J BALLYMAHON to EDGEWORTH'S TOWN 9j BALLYMENA to Ballymoney 14| Coleraine 20| Newtown Lima- vady 31 LONDONDERRY 43$ BALLYMONEY to BALLYCASTLE 12 BALLYMONEY tc Newtown Limavady \o\ Dervock 211 BUSHMILLS .... 27| BALLYNAMORE to Mount-Talbot 4 Athleague 61 472 CROSS-ROADS, Miles, Ballynamore to. ROSCOMMON .. 10| BANAGHER to Evrecourt 5 LOUGHREA 21| BANBRIDGE to Tanderagee . . . . r , 5i Hamilton's Bawn.. 10} ARMAGH .. 14 BANDON to MACROOM 12J BELFAST to ANTRIM 12 BELFAST to Ballymena 21 Clough 27 Clough Mills 29 Ballvmoney ...... 35 \ COLERAINE.... 41} BELFAST to Comber 6} K1LLYLE1GH .. 16 BELLAGHY(Derry)to Kilrea 8 Ahoghill, crossing the New Ferry . . 14 MAGHERA 19} BELLEEK to PETTIGOE 9f BIRR to Roscrea 9} Clonakinny 14} Templemore 19} Thurles 27| KILLYNAULE .. 36| BIRR to Portamna 1 1| Tvnagh 18) LOUGHREA .... 26 BLACK BULL to KILCOCK ...... 95 Miles, BLACK BULL to Ratoath ...... 4 GARRISTOWN .. 7§ BLACK BULL to Ratoath 4 KILMOON 7J BOYLE to Leitrim 8J Ballinamore 18| Castle Carrigan 22| KILLESHAN- DRA .,.,. 29£ BOYLE to TUBERCURRY.. 11} BROUGHSHANE to GLENARM 9} BRUFF to NEWPORT 16} BURROS-IN-OSSORYto Aghaboe 4J Durrow 10£ KILKENNY .... 21 BUSHMILLS to Ballintov 6} ballycastle 10} CAHIR-MORR1S to Headford ........ 4 The Neale 12 BALLINROBE .. 15 CALEDON to Dungannon 9 \ AUGHNACLOY \o" CAR BERRY to KINNEGAD .... 7} CARLINGFORD to Newry 9} Market Hill 17 ARMAGH 21} CARLO W to Grange Mellon 6 J CROSS-ROADS. 473 Miles, Carlow to Ardrie 8 ATHY 9 CARLOW to Bagnell's Arms 2 Fenough Church . . 6 Myshall 8 NEWTOWN BARRY 12 CARNMONEY to Straid 4* Ballyclare 8 J Doagh 12J KELLS 20£ CASH to Derg Bridge 1 1 J STRABANE .... 17J CASHEL to Killynaule 81 CALLAN 18| CASHEL to FETHARD 8 CASHEL to KILLYNAULE .. 8h CASHEL to Holy Cross 7| Borris-o-leigh .... 14| NENAGH 25J CASTLEBAR to Crossmolina .... 15 BALLINA 21J CASTLEBAR to Ballinrobe 14 Headford 25 Cahir Morris.. .... 29 GALWAY 391 CASTLEBAR to Partree 9 Ballinrobe 14 Kilmain 18 Shrule 21| Miles, Castlebar to Cahir Morris 28 GALWAY S8| CASTLEBAR to Ballyvary 5| SWINEFORD.... 131 CASTLEBLAYNEY to BALLYBAY .... 5| CASTLEMAIN to DINGLE 19| CASTLEPOLLARD to GRANARD 9 CASTLEREA to Loughglin 5 BALLAGHY .... 17J CASTLEREA to FRENCHPARK.. 7 CAVAN to Stradone 4J Bailieborough .... 14§ Muff 18| Kingscourt 20 £ Drumcondra 2o| COLLON 34J CAVAN to Ballyhays oh COOTEHILL .... 121 CAVAN to Ballyhays 31 Scots House 10 Clones 13.1 Smithsborough .... 18 MONAGHAN . . . . 23 CAVAN to Ballinanaght 4j Finea 13 Castle-Pollard .... 201 Mullingar 31 J Tyrell's Pass 39^ PHILIPSTOWN 461 s s3 474 CROSS-ROADS. Miles. CAVAN to Crossdoney 4| Killyshandra 9| SWANLINBAR.. 22| CHARLEVILLE to Ballingarry 10 RATHKEALE .. 14J CLANE to Donadea 4| Horsland . . 6| DLONCURRY.... 9| CLARE-GALWAY to Shrule 6| KILMAIN 10 CLARE-GALWAY to Tuam 10| CAHIR-MORRIS 16 CLOUGH to Seaford 1 BALLINAHINCH 6| CLOGHEEN to Cappoquin. ....... 10| DUNGARVAN .. 20£ CLOGHER to Five-Mile Town . . 5 Coltrain Church . . 8 Brooksborough .... 10 MAGUIRE'S BRIDGE 12 CLOGHER to Five-Mile Town . . 5 Coltrain Church . . 8 Brooksborough . . 10 Donough 16 NEWTOWN BUTLER 18 J CLOGHER to OMAGH 11 J CLOGHNAK1LTY to DUNMANWAY.. I1J Miles. CLONARD BRIDGE to Carberry 5| EDENDERRY .. 11 J CLONEGAL to Carnew 6 GOREY 14| CLONES to DONOUGH 6| CLONMEL to Ardfinane ........ 6£ CLOGHEEN 11| CLONMEL to Cashel 1 1§ Holy Cross 18| Borris-o-leigh . . * . 26 Nenagh 36| BIRR 53| CLONMEL to Cahir 8£ Tipperary 20| Pallas 29| Cahirconlish of)% LIMERICK 42| CLOYNE to MIDDLETON .. 3j COLEHILL to LONGFORD .... 8| COLERAiNE to NEWTOWN-LI- MAVADY .... 10} COLLON to DUNLEER 5 COLLON to Drumcondra 8| KING'S-COURT 14J COLOONEY to Ballintogher 4| DROMAHAIR .. 7| COOKSTOWN to FREDERICK'S- TOWN Hi CROSS-ROADS. 475 Miles. COOKSTOWN to Pomeroy 8 Nine-Mile House. . 11^ Six- Mile Cross 14f Cloofnarney Church 17 OM^AGH 22 COOTEHILL to Ballybay 8 Rockcorry 13 MONAGHAN.... 20J CORK to Middleton 11 | CLOYNE \o\ CORK to Douglas If Passage-east 5£ COVE 7f CORK to Whitechurch 5| Bally namona .... 12| Mallow 151 DONERAILE 21 CORK to Mallow 15J DONERAILE 21 CORK to Whitechurch 5J Ballvnamona 12| Mallow 15J Buttevant 21 Raithclare Inn .... 22 Velvet's Town .... 23 Charleville 28i Kilmallock 33 Bruff 371 Six-Mile Bridge .. 41 \ Ballyneety 44| Borheen 47£ LIMERICK...... 49i Miles. CORK to Mill-Street 22 j Shane's Inn 26| Castle Island . . 40 TRALEE 48| CROSSDONEY to CAVAN 4 J CROSS ROADS to ENNISKILLEN 9| DERVOCK to BALLYCASTLE 9£ DERVOCK to COLERA1NE .... 7 J DESARTMARTIN to Mourne 13| NEWTOWN- STEWART.... 51 1 DONAGHMORE to Six-Mile Cross 12 Omagh 19| Newtown-Stewart.. 2()\ STRABANE .... 33| DONEGAL to Townavilly 3f Ballybofey 12* Castlefin 18| LifFord 231 STRABANE .... 24| DOWNPATRICK to Ballinahinclr 7| Lisburn 15£ Stoneyford 20 ANTRIM 30 DROGHEDA to CLOGHER-HEAD 6 DROGHEDA to Collon 5J Ardee 11 MILL OF LOUTH 16 476 CROSS-ROADS. Utiles » DROGHEDAtoSLANE On the north side of the Boyne. ... 6§ On the south side of the river .... 7| DROMORE to CASTLEWELLAN 11J DROMAHAIR to Manor- Hamilton . . 4§ Garrison 12 SLIGO 21| DRUMKEERN to LARGY 11| DUNDALK to CAR- R1CKMACROSS 16J DUNDALK to Ardee 10J Carlanstown 22| Kells 24f Crossakeel 29| Maypole 37J MULLINGAR .. 46 DUNGANNON to Aughnacloy 9^ BALLYGAWLEY 19 DUNGANNON to Eglish 3 Dyon 7 CALEDON H DUNGARVAN to Youghall Il| Killeagh 17| Castle-Martyr 20 Middleton 25 CORK 36f DUNGIVEN to Antrim 28i BELFAST 401 DUNGIVEN to Maghera 10 Miles. DUNGIVEN tO Bellaghy 15| Randal stown 24 Antrim 28| CARRICKFERGUS 43| DUNLAVIN to Rathsallagh 2 Griffinstown 3 Rathbrand 4 Saundersville 5 Greenville 7 Humewood 9 Highpark 11 HACKETSTOWN 13 DUNLEER to Ardee 6* Clonkeen 9 CARRICKMAC- ROSS 15} DUNLEER to Braganstown .... 5 Tallanstown 8 j MILL OF LOUTH 10 DUNMORE to Ballymoe 10| BALLINLOUGH 19 DURROW to BURROS-IN- OSSORY 10J DURROW to Rathdowney 71 ROSCREA 19 EDGEWORTH'S TOWN to Granard 8 Ballinanaght 17| CAVAN 21 EDGEWORTH'S TOWN to FIRMOUNT .... 3 CROSS-ROADS. 477 Miles. ENNIS to Curofin 7* KILFENORA.... 14" ENNIS to Clare 2 Ardsallas 6| SIX-MILE-BRIDGE 11| ENNISCORTHY to BORRIS 14| ENNISCORTHY to Wexford 11| ENNISCORTHY to NEWTOWN BARRY 9| ENNISKILLEN to Ballycashedy 3| Lisnarick Si Kish Ill Pettigoe 15} BELLEEKTOWN 25 j ENNISKILLEN to Ballymullart Church 5| Trillick 9 Drummore Church 12| OMAGH 20~ ENNISKILLEN to Tempo 6 Trillick 15 Omagh 26 Newtown-Stewart. . 33 STRABANE 40| ENNIST1MON to KILFENORA.... 4} FERBANE to Ballinahown 4£ ATHLONE 10"" FERMOY to CASTLETOWN ROCHE 7h FETHARD to Cloneen 3| Miles. Fethard to Mullinahone 7^ CALLAN 12| GALWAY to MONIVAE 13 J GALWAY to Tuam 16 DUN MORE .... 23J GLENARM to Cairnlough 2| Cushendall 10 BALLYCASTLE 21 GORT to Oranmore 13 CLARE-GAL- WAY 18| GRANARD to Firmount 5 Edgeworth's Town 8 BALLYMAHON 171 GRANARD to Ballinanaght 9 J CAVAN 13i GREY ABBEY to Newtown Ards , . . . 5| BANGOR 81 HILLSBOROUGH to Moira 5 Magheralin 6h LURGAN 9 HOLLYMOUNT to Ballindine 7| Ballinrobe 12J BALL 211 INCKIGEELA to MACROOM 7 KEADY to TYNAN 61 KELLS (Antrim) to Ballvmire 9£ DOAGH 16f 478 CROSS-ROADS. Miles. KELLS (Meath) to Carlanstown 2| ARDEE 14| KELLS (Meath) to SLANE 11| KELLS (Meath) to OLD CASTLE .. 10 KILBEGGAN to Ballymore 9 BALLYMAHON 14| KILBEGGAN to MULLINGAR .. 12 KILDARE to Ratheonnel 6 ATHY 11 KILDARE to KILMEAGUE .. 6 KILFENORA to Ennistimon 6 CaghryarifF 12| Kilmurrybricken . . 16| Conlyclare 24 J KILRUSH 29| KILKENNY to BALLYRAGGET 19J KILKENNY to Kells 6| Kilmagany 12 CARRICK-ON- SUIR ........ 191 KILKENNY to CASTLE COMER 9| KILKENNY to KNOCKTOPHER 9| KILKENNY to Ballyragget 9| Darrow 13| Rathdowny 21 Skirk 26| ROSCREA 321 Miles. KILKENNY to Freshford 71 URLINGFORD.. 14 KILKERRIN to BALLYMOE .... 101 KILLALA to CASTLELACKEN 5\ KILLARNEY to Milltown 8| Castlemain 101 Bracktown Inn. . . . 22§ DINGLE 30 KILLARNEY to TRALEE 14 KILLEIGH to Philipstown 7| TULLAMOORE 11| KILLOUGH to Strangford 71 Grey Abbey 16 Donaghadee 22 § BANGOR 27| KILLOUGH to Downpatrick 5 Inch Church 7 Everog Bridge .... 9f Saintfield 13J Newtown Breda .. 19| BELFAST 23 KILLYLEIGH to BALLINAHINCH 8J KILLYLEIGH to DOWNPATRICK 5 KILLYNAULE to CASHEL 8| KILLYNAULE to THURLES 9i KILLYBEGS to Ardara , 8 CROSS-ROADS. 479 Miles. KlLLYBEGS to Enniskeel Church . . ] 2h Shaltaghan Bridge . 20 Cloghanlea 2SJ Gortahurk 45 \ DUNFANAGHY . 52J KILMALLOCK to Bruff 4} Six-Mile Bridge .. 8| LIMERICK 161 KILREA to COLE- RAINE ]]| KILRUSH to Kilmurray bricken . 131 ENNISTIMON ... 23| KING'S COURT to Bailieborough .... 5| Stradone 15 1 CAVAN 201 KINSALE to Innishannon 6 BANDON 9 LANESBOROUGH to Killashee 4 LONGFORD .... 8 LARGY to ENNIS- KILLEN 51 LEIGHLIN BRIDGE to Dunleckney 2 Myshall 7 Cross Roads 9 NEWTOWN BARRY 11 LEITRIM to Ballynamore 101 Castle Carrigan .... 14J KILLESHANDRA 211 LEIXLIP to Dunboyne 5 BLACKBULL.... 6 J Miles. LIMERICK to Pallas 121 Tipperary 21 J Thomastown 26 Golden 27* CASHEL 30j LIMERICK to Six-Mile Bridge . . 8| Spancell Hill 18£ Crusheen ........ 23 Tubberindonny. ... 26 f Gort 31 Oranmore 44 GALWAY 481 LIMERICK to O'BRIEN'S BRIDGE 8 LIMERICK to KIL- LALOE 11 LISBURN to Tynan 31 Caledon 321 Creely 35 J AUGHNACLOY.. 38 LISBURN to BAL- LINDERRY... 22J LISBURN to Tynan 31 Glasslough 33| Monaghan 38J Rockcorry 461 Cootehill 51 Ballinacargy 581 BALLYHAYS ... 60 LISBURN to Armagh 24J Killyleagh 291 Tynan 31 Middleton 33 CASTLE-SHANE 371 480 CROSS-ROADS. Miles. LJSBURN to Moira 6 J Magheralin 8 Lurgan 10| Portadown 1 5| Loughgall . . . . 20§ CHARLEMONT . 24J LISBURN to GLE- NAVY 7| LISBURN to Moira 6| Magheralin 8 Lurgan 10J Portadown \5\ Richhill 20i Armagh 241 KEADY 30J LISMORE to WATERGRASS- HILL 13 LONDONDERRY to CLADY 7| LONDONDERRY to Newtown Cunning- ham 7 Manor Cunningham 111 Letterkenny 16 Kilmacrenan 21 Glen 27 Ballymore Church . . 33 DUNFANAGHY . 351 LONDONDERRY to Muff . . . . : 5 j Ballykelly 10| Newtown Lima- vady 12f Coleraine 23 Bush Mills 29J Ballintoy 36 Ballycastle 391 Cushendhall 50 1 Miles. Londonderry to Cairnlough 58 J GLENARM 60| LONDONDERRY to White Castle 10| Red Castle 131 GREEN CASTLE 20J LONGFORD to GRA- NARD 12 LOUGHREA to ATHENRY 9 LOUGHREA to Woodford ........ 1 0| Mount Shannon ... 19 Killaloe 301 Newport 38" BRUFF 54| LOUGHREA to ORAN- MORE 13J LURGAN to Moira 4 LISBURN 101 LURGAN to Stewart' s-Town, crossing the Ferries 14 J MACROOM to Millstreet 10 CASTLE ISLAND 281 MACROOM to Carrigneneelogh . . . 4| INCHIGEELA... 7 MACROOM to Knightsbridge .... 81 KENMARE 241 MAGHERA to DUN- GIVEN 10 MAGHERAFELT to MAGHERA 6 MALLOW to Buttevant 5§ CROSS-ROADS. 481 Miles. Mallow to CHARLEVILLE . 12| MALLOW to Castle-roche 6| Glanworth 11| MITCHEL'S- TOWN 15| MALLOW to Glanton 4f Newbridge 7f MILL-STREET . . 17f MALLOW to Liscarrol 8j Drumcolloher 14^ NEWCASTLE ... 22 J MALLOW 7 to Kanturk 8 NEWMARKET .. 11 J MANOR HAMILTON to Killargs Church ... 4J Dromahair 8 Ballintogher 11 \ COLOONY 16 MANOR HAMILTON to SLTGO 10| MARYBOROUGH to Mountmellick 5| Rosenallis 8| FRANKFORD... 20J MARYBOROUGH to PORTARLING- TON 9| MARYBOROUGH to Clonegowan 9^ Geashill Castle .... ] ;j PHIL1PSTOWN . 17 MAYNOOTH to Barberstown Z\ Clane 6| XAAS 11 Miles, MAYPOLE to Cross Keys 3| Crossakeel 7£ KELLS 12J MILL-STREET to Macroom 10 Kilmory 15| BANDON 22i MOIRA to Hillsborough 5 Ballinahinch 12 KILLYLEIGH ... 2(H MONAGHAN to Smithsborough .... 5 Clones 9 j Donough 16 Lisnaskea 19 Maguire' s Bridge . . 2 1 \ Lisbellaw 24 ENNISKILLEN . 28 MONAVER to KILLYNAULE.. 6J MOUNT TALBOT to Ballinamore 4 AHASCRAGH... 9 MULLINGAR to Racondra 6 Ballymore 1 1 J ATHLONE 23 MULLINGAR to CAS- TLEPOLLARD.. 10} MULLINGAR to Pass-if-you-Can ... 2| Maypole 8f Crossakeel 16| KELLS 21 J MULLINGAR to Clonlost 61 TRIM 21} MYLOUGH to Now town -Bellow . . 4 482 CROSS-ROADS. Miles. Mylough to KILKERRIN.... 7f NAAStoCARBERRY 14} NAAS to Clane 4J KILCOCK Hi NAAS to Newbridge Inn .... 5 Kildare 8 Rathangan 13 Clonbullock 16| Edenderry 21| PHILIPSTOWN . 27| NAVAN to Slane 6 DROGHEDA .... 12| NAVAN to Carlanstown 8| MOYNALTY .... 11| NAULE to DROGHEDA.... 8 NENAGH to Borris-a-Kane .... 8 PORTUMNA.... 18J NENAGH to Borris-o- Leigh .... 10f THURLES 18f NEWCASTLE to Castlewellan 3 DROMORE 14 J NEWPORT to KIL- LALOE 7J NEW ROSS to EN- NISCORTHY.... 15 NEW ROSS to FOOKSMILL.... 8| NEW ROSS to INNJSTIOGUE.. 6| NEW ROSS to Old Ross 4} TAGHMON 12 J Miles. NEWRY to Market Hill 9 ARMAGH 14J NEWRY to Ballywire Church . . ti Newtown- Hamilton 9| Castleblayney . . . . . 17 BALLYBAY .... 22J NEWRY to BelleekTown 5 J NEWTOWN- HAMILTON .. 8| NEWTOWN-LIMA- VADY to Aghadoey 9f Cross Ferry .... 13 BALLYMONEY Io| NEWTOWN-LIMA- VADY to Garvagh ]()§ Desart Church . . 12| KILREA 15i NEWTOWN-LIMA- VADY to Ballykelly 2 J Muff 7| LONDONDERRY 12J NEWTOWN-LIMA- VADY to Garvagh 10| NEW FERRY . 23 NEWTOWN-STEW- ART to Gortin 5 Downgate Rock . 14f COOKSTOWN . 22J O'BRIEN'S BRIDGE to NENAGH 13} CROSS-ROADS. 483 Miles. OMAGH to Clogharny Church 5 Six-Mile Cross 7| Nine-Mile House.. lo| Pomeroy 14 Donaghmore 19^ DUNGAxNNON .. 22~ OMAGH to Fintona 7 Tempo ] 4 ENNISKILLEN 20 OMAGH to Clogharnv Church 5 Six-Mile Cross 1\ Nine-Mile House 10| Pomeroy 14 Sandholes 19 Dunaghy 20| STEWART'S- TOWN 22| PARTREE to CASTLEBAR.... 9 PHILIPSTOWN to Geashill Castle. ... 4 CLONEGOWAN 7J PHILIPSTOWN to KILBEGGAN 35| PHILIPSTOWN to Clonard Church . . \5\ Stoneyford 17f TRIM 25J POMEROY to Cook's Town 8 STEWART'S TOWN 16f PORTADOWN to LURGAN 5 PORTAFERRY to Ballyhalbert ...... () Ballywalter 9 DONAGHADEE 13* Miles. PORTAFERRY to Grey Abbey 8| NEWTOWN- ARDES 14 PORTARLINGTON to MARYBOROUGH 10 PORTGLENONE-to GARVAGH 10 PORTGLENONE to Tamlagh Church .. 3| Garvagh 10| NEWTOWN-LI- MAVADY .... 20| PORTUMNA to Ballinagar 7^ Derrybrian 13| GORT 22 RANDAL'S-TOWN to Toome Bridge .... 9| MAGHERA .... 14J RANDAL'S-TOWN to PORTGLENONE 9 RASHARKAN to New Ferry 4 COLERAINE.... 10| RATHFRILAND to BANBRIDGE .. 7| RATHFRILAND to DROMORE .... 10f RATHFRILAND to LOUGHBRICKLAND 7 RATHKEALE to Ballingarry 4| CHARLEVILLE 15 ROSCOMMON to Athleague 4| Mount Talbot 7 Ballinamore 11 Ahascragh 16 BALLINASLOE 22| 484 CROSS-ROADS. Miles. ROSCOMMON to Tulsk 9 Tuniquin ........ 11 Elphin 14| CARRICK-ON- SHANNON.... 22 ROSCOMMON to Cloverhill 3 Ballintobber 9| CASTLEREA.... 13| ROSCREA to Leap 4§ BIRR 10| ROSENALLIS to KILLEIGII .... 51 ROSSTREVOR to Kilkeel 7 J Annalong 11| Newcastle 17 § DUN DRUM .... 20| ROSSTREVOR to Dromore 19 LURGAN 25f ROSSTREVOR to ClandufF Church .. 5 \ Rathfriland 8 Dromore 19 MOIRA 24 SAINTFIELD to L1SBURN 7h SHANNON-BRIDGE to BALLINASLOE 6£ SHILELAGH to TULLOW 7} SILVERMINES to NENAGH 7 SKERRIFE to Mountshannon .... 4 Woodford 12| LOUGHREA .... 23 SKREEN to NAVAN 6| Miles. SLANE to Collon 4| ARDEE 13| SLANE to KELLS 12 SLANE to NAVAN 6 SLIGO to Ballisodare ...... 3f Strandhouse Inn . . 7f Esky Bridge 20 £ Grange Inn 21| Enniscrone Church 27 BALLINA 35J SLIGO to Tobercorry 16 J Kilmatague 23§ Foxford 31i CASTLEBAR .... 42| SLIGO to Tubercurry 16| Swineford 27 J CASTLEBAR.... 41| SLIGO to Half- Way House . . 11 Ballyshann otj .... 20| Ballintra 25J Townavilly 34^ Ballybofey 43 £ Castledn 49£ LIFFORD 54± SLIGO to Ballybofey 43 J Convoy 48| Raphoe 51 St. Johnstown .... 56| Carrigans 58 J LONDONDERRY 62| STEWART'S TOWN to COOK'S TOWN.. 15£ STEWARTS TOWN to Coagh 4 J MAGHERAFELT 11 CROSS-ROADS. 485 Miles. STRABANE to Dunymanagh .... 6 Donaghedy Church 7 CLADY 12§ STRANORLAR to Convoy 5 RAPHOE 1H STRATFORD-UPON SLANEY to BALLYTORE 6 STROKESTOWN to JAMESTOWN .. Si STROKESTOWN to RUSKY BRIDGE 8| SUMMERHILL to TRIM 5 TEMPLEPATRICK to Ballyclare 4| Ballynure 61 LARNE 13J THURLES to Cashel 12| CLONMEL 24 THURLES to TEMPLEMORE.. 8 TIPPERARY to CAHIR 12 TIPPERARY to HOLY-CROSS .. 15J TIPPERARY to Pallas 9J Cahirconlish 15 LIMERICK .... 21| TIPPERARY to MITCHELSTOWN 15| TRALEE to ARDFERT U TRIMtoKELLS .. 19| TRIM to MULLIN- GAR 211 jbfiles* TRIM toNAVAN .. 1\ TRIM to Stoneyford 8 Clonard Bridge. ... 11 Edenderry 17 J Clonbullock 22J PORTARLING- TON 30^ TUAM to DUNMORE 7J TUAM to Clare 13| Ballaghy 27| Tubercurry 36 Balcarra 43| SLIGO 521 TULLAMOORE to Killeigh 4| Rosenallis 9| Mountmellick 12| MARYBOROUGH 18J TULLAMOORE to TYRELLSPASS 8 TULLA toENNIS.. 9 TULSK to Elphin 5| CARRICK 13 TYNAN to Armagh 6£ BLACKWATER- TOWN 13J TYRELLSPASS to MULLINGAR ,. 8| WATERFORD to CAR- RICK-ON-SUIR.. ByPortlaw 14 J Or by Curraghmore 14| Or by Grany Ferry 13J WATERFORD to Drumcannon Church 4 TRAMORE 6 T T 3 486 CROSS-ROADS. 3Iiles. WATERFORD to Kilmacthomas .... llf CAPPOQUIN .... 29J WESTPORT to NEWPORT 5J WEXFORD to Taghmon 7 By Old Ross to NEW ROSS 19J WHITECASTLE to MALLTN 15 Miles. YOUGHALL to Carrigtoohill 3 £ Glanmire 7| CORK llf YOUGHALL to Killeagh 5§ Castle-Martyr 8£ Middleton 13 CORK 25 APPENDIX. ASSIZES IN IRELAND. HOME CIRCUIT. County of Meath at Trim. County of Westmeath ... — Mullingar. King's County — Tullamoore. County of Carlow — Carlow. County of Kildare . . . \ - Naas, and in sum- J ) mer at Athy. NORTH EAST. County of the Town of Drogheda at Drogheda. County of Louth — Dundalk. County of Monaghan .... — Monaghan. County of Armagh — Armagh. County of Antrim — Carrickfergus, County of the Town of Carrick-j _ Carrfckf fergus J County of Down ...... — Downpatrick. 488 APPENDIX. NORTH WEST. County of Longford . County of Cavan . . County of Fermanagh County of Tyrone County of Donegal . at Longford. — Cavan. — Enniskillen. — Omagh. — Lifford. City and County of Londonderry — Derry. County of Wicklow County of Wexford County of Waterford County of Kilkenny City of Kilkenny County of Tipperary LEINSTER. at Wicklow. — Wexford. — Waterford. — Kilkenny. — Kilkenny. ■ — Clonmel. CONNAUGHT. County of Roscommon . . County of Leitrim . . . , County of Sligo .... County of Mayo .... County and Town of Galway at Roscommon. — Carrick-on-Shannon. — Sligo. — Castlebar. — Galway. MUNSTER. County of Clare at Ennis. County and City of Limerick — Limerick. County of Kerry — Tralee. County and City of Cork . , — Cork. APPENDIX. 439 List of Towns in Ireland where Branch Banks are established. Armagh, Bank of Ireland and Provincial Bank, Athlone, Provincial Bank. Ballina, ditto. Ballymena, ditto. Banbridge, ditto. Bandon, Provincial and Agricultural Bank. Belfast, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Carlow, ditto. Castlebar, Agricultural. Cavan, Provincial. Clonmel, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Coleraine, Provincial. Cork, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Cork, Agricultural. Deny, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Down, Provincial. Drogheda, Bank of Ireland. Ennis, Agricultural. Enniscorthy, Agricultural. Enniskillen, Provincial. Galway, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Kilkenny, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Killarney, Agricultural. Limerick, Bank of Ireland, Provincial, and Agricultural. Longford, ditto. Lurgan, Provincial. Monaghan, ditto. 490 APPENDIX, Nenagh, Agricultural. Newry, Bank of Ireland. New Ross, Agricultural. Omagh, Provincial. Parsonstown, ditto. Roscrea, Agricultural. Skibbereen, ditto. Sligo, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Strabane, Agricultural. Tralee, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Tuam, Agricultural. Waterford, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Westport, Bank of Ireland. Wexford, Bank of Ireland and Provincial. Youghall, ditto, ditto. INDEX. Aanmult Castle, 276 Abbey, 146 Abbeyfeale, 129 , account of, 143 Abbeyleix, 437 , ac, of, 437 Abbey Leix (seat), 226 Abbey Odorney, 129 ■ , ac. of, 144 Abbey Throwry, 196 Achill, Islands of, 413 Achonry, 354 Adair, or Adare, 129 , Cross, 470 , ac. of, 142 Adristan, 460 Agavanagh barracks, 340 Aghaboe, 226 ; Cross, 472 Aghadoe (Kerry), 371 Aghadoe (Cork), 223, 405 AghagOwer, 447 Aghavanagh barracks, 340 Aghavillar, 277 Aghrim, 390, 461, 464 Aglish, 468 ; ac. of, 468 Agnew's Hill, 337 Ahascragh, 415, 416 ■ , Cross, 471, 481, 483 Ahoghill, Cross, 471 Aileach Neid, 398 Aird Snout, 320 Allen, 383 Allen, Hill of, 133, 383 Allen's Town, Cross, 470 All Saints abbey, 401 Altadore, 452 Amigan castle, 142 Anagh, 387 Anamoe, 343 Ankettell's Grove, 393 Anna, Lough, 212 Annacotty, 137 Annadorn, 161 Annagassan, 119 Annaghbrack, 303 Annagh church, 252 Annalong, 235 ; Cross, 484 , ac. of 236 Ann's Grove, 405 Antrim, 113, 128, 165, 243, 324 , Cross, 470, 472, 475, 476 bis , ac. of, 126 Arbela, 443 Arbutus Island, 375 Ardara, 263 ; Cross, 478 , ac. of, 273 Ardbraccan, 265 ; Cross, 470 1 Ardclinis, 326 492 INDEX. Ardea castle, 348 Ardee, 151, 222, 407 ■ , ac. of, 151 , Cross, 470 bis, 475, 476 bis, 478, 484 Ardfert, 129, 145; Cross, 485 ■ , ac. of, 144 Ardfinane, 174; Cross, 474 ■ , ac. of, 185 Ardglass, castles of, 385 Ardkarna church, 173, 425, 428 Ardkirk, 406 Ardmore, 469 Ardmullen castle, 306 Ardnaree, 354 Ardrie, Cross, 473 Ardsalla, 264 Ardsallas, 285, 386 , Cross, 477 — , ac. of, 286 Ardskull, 220 Arklow, 148, 449, 465 , Cross, 470 , ac. of, 453 Armagh, 148, 151, 153; Cross, 470 bis, 472 bis, 479, 480, 482, 485 , ac. of, 148 Armoy, 165; ac. of, 167 Arrow, Lough, 429 Artane, 403 Ashbourne, 153, 208 , ac. of 153 Ashbrook, 400 Ash Hill, 443 Ash Island, 366 Ashroe abbey, 271 Askeaton, 145 ; Cross, 470 , ac. of, 146 Athassel abbey, 229 Athboy, 432 ; Cross, 470 bis , ac. of, 434 Athcarne castle, 263 Athenry, 303 ; Cross, 470, 480 , ac. of, 309 Athgoe, 130 Athleague, Cross, 472, 483 Athlumny, 265 Athlone, 155, 164, 303 , Cross, 470, 477, 481 , ac. of , 307 Athy, 162, 220, 349, 350, 437 , Cross, 470, 471, 473, 478 , ac. of, 220 Avondale park, 464 Aughadoey bridge, 239 , Cross, 482 , ac. of, 241 Augher, 392; Cross, 471 , ac. of, 394 Aughnacloy, 155, 417 -, Cross, 471, 472, 476, 479 ac. of, 417 Aughrim, 287; ac. of, 289 BagnelPs Arms, Cross, 473 Bagnell's Town, 414, 446 Baillieborough, 293 9 ac , f 293 , Cross, 470,471, 473, 479 Balbriggan, 155, 156 1 — , ac. of, 155 Balcarra, 357; Cross, 471, 485 — — - — , ac. of, 359 Baldoyle, 345 ; ac. of, 346 Baldungan castle, 155 INDEX. 493 Baldwin's Town, 197, 234, 301 Balinacor, 219 Balintrae Bay, 318 Ball, 355, 413 , Cross, 471 bis, 477 , ac. of, 356 Ballaghaderin, 350 -, ac. of, 352 Ballaghbuy mountain, 429 Ballaghmore castle, 135 Ballaghneed inn, 392 Ballaghy (Mayo), 350, 352 , Cross, 471 bis, 473, 485 Ballaghy (SJigo), 158 Ballemoyer lodge, 409 Ballengary, 145 Ballimore, 160; Cross, 470 -, ac. of, 160 Ballina, 350 -, Cross, 471, 473, 484 ac. of, 353 Ballinabola castle, 276 Ballinacargy, 438 ; Cross, 479 Ballinafad (Sligo), 173, 425, 436 ; ac. of, 429 Ballinafad (Longford), 352 Ballinafinchogue, 343 Ballinagar, 290, 313 -, Cross, 483 -, ac. of, 314 Ballinahinch (Galway) 419, 420 Ballinahinch (Down), 161, 415; Cross, 471, 474, 475, 478, 481; ac. of 161 Ballinahown, Cross, 477 Ballinakill (Galway), 419 Ballinakill (Kilkenny), 226, 227 Ballinakill (Queen's county), 162, 350; ac. of, 162 Ballinalack, 424 ; ac. of, 425 Ballinamana castle, 380 Ballinamore, or Ballynamore, 312 ; Cross, 472, 481, 483 ; ac. of 312 Ballinanaght, 432, 434 , Cross, 471, 473, 476, 477 Ballinasloe, 287, 303 , Cross, 471, 483, 484; ac.of 308 Ballinaspeg, 191 Ballincollig, 377 ; ac. of 377 Ballindangin, 164; ac. of, 164 Ballinderry, 128; Cross, 479 , ac. of 128 Ballindine, 164; Cross, 477 Ballindown abbey, 429 Ballingarry, Cross, 474, 483 Ballinlaw ferry, 446 Ballinlough, 355, 413 , Cross, 476 ' — , ac. of 355 Ballinlough (seat), 434 Ballinrobe, 162, 164, 447 , Cross, 471, 472, 473 bis, 477 ; ac. of 163 Ballinter, 264 Ballintobber, Cross, 484 Ballintobec abbey, 164 Ballintogher, Cross, 474, 481 Ballintoy, 324; Cross, 472,480 ac. of, 329 Ballintra, 165, 263; Cross, 484 y ac. of 271 494 INDEX. Ballintubber, 447 Ballisodare, 425, 436 , Cross, 476, 484 — , ac. of, 430 Ballyalenan castle, 143 Ballyarthur, 454 ; Cross, 470 Ballybay, 407 ■ , Cross, 473, 475, 482 , ac. of, 408 Ballibeg castle, 228, 464 Ballibofey, 165, 284 , Cross, 471, 475, 484 bis; ac. of, 285 Ballybogan, 306 Ballyboghill, 261 Ballyboughbridge, 345 Ballyboy, 212 Ballybrittas, 133 Ballyburris. See Burr is Ballicanoe, 449 Ballycarry, 324, 332 , ac. of, 334 Ballicarthy, 443 Ballycashedy, Cross, 477 Ballycastle, 165, 170, 324 — , Cross, 471 bis, 472, 475, 477, 480 ; ac. of, 168 Ballycheroge castle, 278 Ballyclare, 159; Cross, 470, 471,473, 485; ac. of, 159 Ballyconnel, 436; Cross, 471 , ac. of 436 Ballycumber, 287 ; ac. of, 288 Ballycurry, 452 Ballydaird, 228 Ballydore, 441 Ballydrain, 203 Ballidugan house, 211 Bally-Ecouen castle, 315 Ballyellan castle, 445 Bally Ellen castle, 179 Bailyfarnan, 357, 358 Ballyfax, 175 Ballifin house, 135 Ballygawly, 417, 418 , Cross, 471, 476 •-, ac. of, 417 Ballygelly promontory, 338 Ballygriffin, 405 Ballyhalbert, Cross, 483 Ballyhale, 281 Ballyhaunis, 355,413 , ac. of, 355 Ballyhays, Cross, 473 bis, 479 Ballyheigh Bay, 145 Ballyholme Bay, 259 Ballyhooly, 404 ; ac. of, 404 Bally James Duff, 263 , ac. of, 267 Ballykeal castle, 145 Ballykelly, Cross, 471, 480, 482 Ballyket, 387 Ballylaghan, 350 ; ac. of, 353 Ballylaghan castle, 179 Ballyleidy house, 259 Ballylongford, 145 ; ac. of, 147 Ballymacarret, 207 Ballymacpatrick castle, 187 Ballymahon (Longford), 350, '355; Cross, 471,477, 478 -, ac. oj, 351 Ballymalony, 296, 298 Ballymanlagh, 226 ; ac. of 231 Ballymanus, 464 Ballymascanlan, 414; ac. of, 414 Ballymegarry, 399 INDEX. 495 Ballymena, 165, 170, 172 Ballymena, Cross, 471, 472 , ac. of, 166 Ballymoat court, 146 Ballymoe, Cross, 476, 478 Ballymoney, 208, 243, 324 , Cross, 471 bis, 472, 482 ; ac. of, 244 Ballymore, Cross, 478, 481 Ballymore church, 275 -, Cress, 480 Ballymore Eustace, 459 Ballymoreen, 226 ; ac. of, 228 Ballymorn, 179 Ballymote, 173; ac. of, 173 Ballymullalon, 357, 358 Ballymullart church, Cross,477 Ballymulry, 351 Ballymurry, 158, 423 ac. of, 158 Ballymurtagh, 464 Ballyna, 358 Ballynaganny, 432 Ballynamona, Cross, 475 bis Ballynamore, 357 -, Cross, 471, 472, 479 -, ac. of, 358 Ballynamuck, 354 Ballvneety, Cross, 475 Ballynure, 160, 339 , Cross, 477, 485 Balivpatrick, 184 Ballyporeen, 186, 379 Ballyragget, 350 , Cross 478 bis Ballyroan, 226, 440, 441 , ac. of, 226 Ballysaggartmorc castle, 250 Ballyseedy, 443 Ballyshannon, 263; Cross, 484 , ac. of, 270 Ballyshannon (seat), 175 Ballyspellan, 227 Ballytore, 174; ac. of, 175 •, Cross, 485 Ballyteig Bay, 301 Bally vacadane, 193 Ballyvary, Cross, 473 Ballyvelly castle, 193 Ballyvourney, 348, 378 Ballywalter, Cross, 483 Ballywilliam, 255 Ballywire, 409 ; Cross, 482 Balruddery, 113, 155, 261 ac. of, 115 Baltimore, 174 ; ac. of, 196 Baltinglass, 458 ; ac. of 459 Bultug castle, 415 Balybeg, 464 Baiylin, 289 Balynunnery, 460 Banagher, 291, 313 , Cross, 472 , ac. of, 315 Banagher church, 399 , ac. of, 400 Banbridge, 113, 172, 208 , Cross, 472, 483 ,ac.of 124 Bandon, 174 , Cross, 472, 479, 481 , ac. of, 193 Bandon Bridge (Seat), 194 Bangan castle, 281 Bangor, 259; Cross, 477, 478 — , ac. of, 259 Bannow, 197; ac. of, 197 495 INDEX. Bantry, 198; ac. of, 198 Barber's Town castle, 382 , Cross, ^81 Barmeath, 118 Barntick, 386 Baron's court, 394 Baron's town, 438 Barracks of Agavanagh, 340 Barrastown, 197 Barry, 438 Barrymore Island, 1 93 Bawnboy, 432 ; ac. of, 435 Bauratty Castle, 141 Bay lodge, 326 Beal castle, 147 Beannabeola, 419 Bearhaven, 200 Beaufort lodge, 400 Bective abbey, 433 Bective castle, 266 Beech-Hill, 400 Beg lough, 158 Beggar's inn, 227 Belan, 176 Belanagar, 350 ; ac. of, 352 Belcamp, 403 Belfast, 200, 208 -, Cross,±12bis, 476, 478 ■ , ac. of, 204 Belfast Lough, 332 Belgriffin, 403 Bellaghy (Londonderry), 157 , Cross, 472, 476 • , ac. of, 158 Bellahill, 334 Bellamont forest, 294 Belleek town, 263 , Cross, 472, 477, 482 ; ac. of 270 Belle Green, 247 Belleisle, 324 Belleview, 452 Bellew, 263 Belline, 278 Bellisle, 268, 292 Bellmont, 179 Bellurgan hill, 121 Bellurgan park, 414 Belturbet, 291 ; ac. of, 291 Belvidere, 113 Belvoir, 415 Benbradagh mountain, 400 Ben Bulben, 432 Benburb, 399 Bengore Head, 322 Benmore, 169 Bennet's bridge, 276 Bessborough, 278 Bevrac mount 117 Bianconi's Cars, ] 08 Birr, or Parsonstown, 212, 422, 423 , Cross, 472 bis, 474, 484 , ac.of 213 Birr Castle, 213 Bishop's court, 130 Black abbey, 258 Blackbank,*148; ac.of, 148 Black Bull Inn, 263, 432, 451 — , Cross, 47 '2 bis, 479 Black castle, 264 Black Hall castle, 175 Black Lion, 405 Black Mills, 303 Blackrock (Cork), 192 Blackrock (Dublin), 214, 215, 465 ; ac. of 465 INDEX. 497 Black Stairs, 461 Blackwaterfoot, 157 Blackwater Island, 244 Blackwater Town, 239, 276, 399; Cross, 485 ■ , ac. of, 399 Blane castle, 137 Blarney castle, 192 Blasques, 253 Blennerville, 442 Blessington, 458 ; ac. of, 458, Bcnamargey, abbey of, 169, 328 Booterstown, 465 Borheen, Cross, 475 Bonis, 299, 414, 446 , Cross, 477 ,ac.of, 299 Borris-a-Kane, 482 Borris-o-Leigh, 215; ac. of, 216; Cross, 473, 474, 482 Bonis castle, 179 Bovaugh Bridge, 243 ~ , castle (ruin), 241 — , castle (seat), 243 Boyle, 173, 425, 436 , Cross, 472 bis , ac. of, 428 Brackenstown, 261 Bracktown, Inn, 252 ~ , Cross, 478 Braeface, The, 240 Braganstown, 405 ; Cross, 476 Bray, 214, 416, 449, 465 , ac. of, 450 Bray Head, 451 Breafy, 356 Bremore castle, 155 Bridgetown (Clare), 296, 392 Bridgetown (Wexford), 235 Bridgetown abbey, 404 Brigowne, 379 Brittas, 303 Broadford, 296, 298 Brockley Park, 437 Broghill castle, 212 Brook-hall, 398 Brooksborough, 474 bis Broomfield, 459 Broughshane, 232 , Cross, 471, 472 , ac. of, 232 Brosna (river), 288 Brown Hall, 271 Brown Island, 363 Brown Hill, 179 Bruce's castle, 331 Bruit, Cross, 472, 475, 479, 480 Bryan's Ford, 385 ; ac. q/", 385 Buck House Inn, 438 Bull, Cow, and Calf, 200 Bullock, 215; ac. of, 215 Bull Point, 331 Buly, 329 Buncraggy, 386 Bungan, or Bangan castle (ruins), 281 Bunratty castle, 285 Burnham house, 252 , castle, 252 Burnt Island, 365 Burren, 287 Burriscarra, 447 Burros-in-Ossory, 129 , Cross, 472, 476 Burton hall, 177 Bushbank, 172 Bushmills, 317, 324 u u 3 -, ac. of, 135 498 INDEX. Bush mills, Cross, 472 bis, 480 , ac. of, 318 Bushy park, 340 Butler's Bridge, 263, 268, 291 Buttevant, 380 , Cross, 475, 480 Cabinteely, 214, 466 Cabragh, 411 Cabragh castle, 246 Caghryariff, 387 ; Cross, 478 =— , ac. of, 387 Caherdriny, 379 Cahir, 247 ; Cross, 474, 485 , ac. of, 247 Cahirconlish, Cross, 474, 485 Cahir- Morris, Cross, 472, 473 bis, 474 Cahvicou, 141 Cairnane, 368 Cairnanie, 172 Cairn an Truagh, 329 Cairncastle, 324, 332, 339 , ac. of, 338 Cairnhill, 246 Cairn Tierna, 188 Caledon, 155, 216 , Cross, 472, 476, 479 , ac. of, 216 Caledon house, 217 Callaghan's mills, 296 Callahill, 291, 436 ; Cross, 471 Callan mountain, 287 Callan, 174 ; Cross, 473, 477 , ac. of, 183 Caltragh, 312, 415 Calverstown, 175 Camolin, 455 Camphier house, 249 Camus, 394 Cancora, 298 Cangor castle, 213 Canna Island, 386 Caolin (Lough), 170 Cape Clear, 196 Cappo, 146 Cappoge Hill, 306 Cappoquin, 248, 298, 405 -, Cross, 474, 486 , ac. of, 248 Carberry, 313; Cross, 472, 474, 482 Carigacushen, 412 Carigrohan castle, 193 Carlanstown, Cross, 476, 478, 482 Carlingford, 217, 414 _ 3 Cross, 470, 472 , ac. of, 217 Carlow, 174, 218 Cross, 473 bis — , ac. of, 177 Carncastle church. See Cairncastle Carnew, 219 ; Cross, 474 , ac.of, 219 Carnlough, 324 , Cross, 477, 480 , ac. of, 325 Carnmoney, 159, 170, 339 , Cross, 473 , ac. of, 170 Carnock Vale, 284 Carnteel, Cross, 471 Carra (Lough), 359 Carran Tual, 372 Carrickabrick castle, 187 Carrick a Rede, 331 INDEX. 499 Carrick castle, 457 Carrickduff, 461 Carrickfergus, 324, 332 ■ , Cross, 476 9 ac . fff t 333 Carrickfergus Bay, 332 Carrickmacross, 153, 222, 407 ; Cross, 476 bis , ac. of, 407 Carrick on Shannon, 219, 425 ; Cross, 484. 485 , ac. of, 427 Carrick-on-Suir, 219, 220, 276 , Cross, 478, 485 , ac. of, 277 Carrigadrohid, 378 Carrigatbuky, 378 Carriganoura, 379 Carrigans, 392, 396 — ■ , Cross, 484 Carrigfoile castle, 147 Carrigmurphy, 326 Carrignaconny, 404 Carrigneneelogh, Cross, 480 Carrig-o-Guncel Castle, 141 Carrigtoohill, Cross, 486 Carton, 304 Cash, or Kish, 347 , Cross, 473, 477 Cashell, 221, 226; ac. of, 228 , Cross, 473 bis, 474, 478, 479, 485 Castlebar, 355, 357, 413 1 , Cross 473 bis, 483, 484 bis; ac. of, 356 Castle Bellew, 358 Castle Bellingham, 113 •■ , ac. of, 118 Castle Bernard, 194 Castle Blakeney, 312 Castleblayney, 151, 222, 406 , Cross, 473, 482 , ac. of, 152 Castle Blunden, 183 Castle Browne, 382 Castle Caldwell, 270 Castle Carey, 326 Castle Carra, 328 Castle Carrigan, Cross, 472, 479 Castle Cauliield, 418 , Cross, 471 bis , ac. of, 418 Castle Chichester, 336 Castle Comer, 220, 349; , Cross, 478 , ac. of, 220 Castle Connell, 137, 392 Castle Connough, 251 Castlecoole, 268 Castle Coonagh, 249 Castle Cor, 351 Castle Cuffe, 303 Castle Dawson, 157; ac,of,157 Castledermot, 174; ac. of, 176 Castle Dillon, 409 Castle Dobbs, 334 Castle Durrow, 227 Castle Eglish, 213 Castle Ellis, 455 Castlean, 284; Cross, 475, 484 , ac. of 284 Castle Fish, 175 Castle Freke, 195 Castle Ffrench, 312 Castle Gosford, 153 Castle Guard, 152 Castle Racket, 314 500 INDEX. Castle Hacket, ac. of 344 Castle Hamilton, 435 Castle Hill, 259 Castle Howard, 464 Castle Hume, 292 Castle Hyde, 188, 379 Castle Inch, 183 Castle Island, 349, 360 . 9 Cross, 475, 480 Castle Island (Kerry) 443; } aCt of 9 443 Castle Jane, 231 Castle Kieran, 266 Castle Knock, 432 , ac. of, 432 Castlelacken, Cross, 478 Castle Laghan, 222 1 aCm f 222 Castle Lough, 366 Castle Lough Bay, 366 Castle Lyons, 223 ; ac. of 223 Castle M 'Garret, 164 Castlemain, Cross, 473, 478 Castle Martin, 175 Castle Martyr, 223 "—Cross, 476, 486 , ac. of 223 Castle Mary, 238 Castle Morres, 277 Castle Moyle, 358 Castle Navan, 161 Castle Plunket, 355, 413 Castle Pollard, 224 , Cross, 473 bis, 481 ; ac. of 224 Castle Rath, 415 Castlerea, 158, 355, 413 , Cross, 473 bis, 484 , ac. of, 355 Castle Richard, 250 Castle Roche, 406; Cross, 481 Castle Ryland, 460 Castle Saffron, 380 Castle Saunderson, 268 Castle-Shane, 392, 406 •, Cross, 479 Castle Talbot, 455 Castletown, 141 Castletown (Cork), 200, 223, 405 Castletown (Seat in Kildare), 382 Castletown (Queen's Co.) 129 , ac. of 135 Castletown, near Dundalk, 120 Castletown Delvin, 224 , Cross, 470 , ac. of, 224 Castletown Park, 304 Castletown Roche, 404 ■ , Cross, 477 Castle Townshend, 196 Castle Troy, 137 Castle Upton, 173 Castle Ward, 256 Castle Warden, 130 Castlewellan, 161, 208, 256, 384; Cross, 476,482 — , ac. of 209 Castle Wood, 227 Cavan, 225, 263 , Cross, 470, 471, 473 bis, 474, 475, 476, 477, 479 , ac. of 267 Cave Hill, 160, 207 Celbridge, 381; ac. of 381 Chancellor's Town, 185 INDEX. 501 .Chapel Izod, 303 Chapelmidway, 406 Charlemont, 225, 239, 243, 276, 317, 399, 408 , Cross, 480 , ac. of, 239 Charles Fort, 389 Charlestown, 152 Charlestown (Leitrim), 427 Charleville, 226 , Cross, 474, 475, 481, 483; ac. of, 231 Charleville (seat), 463 Church Bay, 331 Church Hill, 263 ; ac. of, 270 Church Mountain, 459 Churchtown, 390 Claddagh castle, 359 Clady, 399, 400 , Cross, 480, 485 Clanduff church, 484 Clane, 381; Cross, 474, 481, 482 , ac. of, 382 Claneboy castle, 257 Clanmalliere, 133 Clara, 287 ; ac. of, 288 Clare (Armagh), Cross, 470 Clare (Clare), 285, 386; , Cross, 477 , ac. of, 286 Clare (Mayo), Cross, 485 Clare abbey, 286 Clare castle (Armagh), 421 Clare castle (Clare), 286 Clare-Galway, Cross, 474 bis, 477 Clear, Cape, 196 Clentibret church, 392 Clermont, 119 Clew Bay, 413 Clifden, 311 Clifden castle, 311 Clifton, 387 Clifton Lodge, 434 Cliggin, Lough, 331 Clinish Island, 293 Clodagh castle, 378 Clogh (Wexford), 455 Cloghan (Donegal), 284 Cloghan (King's Co.), 290, 313; ac. of, 315 Cloghaneeley, 274 Cloghanlea, Cross, 479 Clogheen, 174, 247 , Cross, 474 bis , ac. of, 186 Clogher, 233; Cross, 474 bis -, ac. of, 233 Clogher (seat), 318 Clogharney church, Cross, 475, 483 bis Cloghereen, 368 Clogher Head, Cross, 475 Cloghnakilty, 174; Cross, 474 , ac. of, 194 Cloghran, 114 Clogrennan lodge, 180 Clohaman castle, 460 Clonakinny, Cross, 472 Clonard, 303 ; ac. of, 306 Clonard Bridge, Cross, 474, 485 Clonard church, Cross, 483 Clonaslee, 302; ac.of, 303 Clonattin, 455 Clonbrock, 416 Clonbullock, Cross, 482, 485 502 INDEX. Cloncurry, 303 ; Cross, 474 ■ -, ac. of, 306 Clondalkin, 130 Clondrohid, 378 Clondumales chapel, 336 Clone, 464 Clonee, 432 Cloneen, Cross, 477 Clonegall, 458, 461 ; Cross, 474 ; ac. of, 460 Clonegowan, 381, 384 ■ , Cross, 481, 483 Clones, 293 , Cross, 473, 474, 481 , ac. of, 294 Clonfeckle, 399 Clonkeen, 222, 407 , Cross, 476 Clonlost, Cross, 481 Clonmacnoise, 288 Clonmell, 174, 233 • , Cross, 474 bis, 485 . } ac . of 184 Clonmellon, 400, 432 - , ac. of, 434 Clonmines, 197, 234, 301 , ac. of, 235 Clonmore, 179 Clonmulsh, 414 Clonnish castle, 294 Clonroch, 447 Clontarf Sheds, 345 Clontarf Town, 345 , ac. of, 345 Clonthuskart abbey, 159 Cionyn, 224 Cloonagh, 358 Cloonales, 355 Clough (Antrim), 165, 170; Clough (Antrim), Cross, 471, 472 ; ac. of, 167 Clough (Down), 16.1, 208, 232, 235, 256, 384 , Cross, 474 , ac. of, 209 Clough church, 446 Clough Mills, 170; Cross, 472', ,ac. of, 172 Cloughleagh castle, 187 Cloughan Stooken, 326 Clover Hill (Antrim), 324 » (Londonderry), 240 (Roscommon), 159 , Cross, 484 Cloyne, 237 ; Cross, 474, 475 , ac. of, 238 Cluancagh, 143 Cluan castle, 277 Cluaneois, 294 Coagh, 243, 317; Cross, 484 Coal Island, 239 ; ac. of, 239 Coarse Island, 366 Coilbridge, 210 Colehill, 438 ; Cross, 474 Coleman's Leap, 375 Coleraine, 239, 243 bis, 245,' 317 , Cross, 471 bis, 472, 474, 475, 479, 480, 483 , ac. of, 241 Colin mountain, 160 Collon, 151 , Cross, 473, 474 bis, 475,484; ac. of, 151 Colooney, 425, 436 , Cross, 471, 474, 481 -, ac. of 429 Col train church, 474 bis INDEX. 503 Comber, 208, 415 ; ac. of, 211 , Cross, 472 Comme Duff, Valley of, 372 Compass Hill, 389 Cong, 163 Conlyclare, 387 ; Cross, 473 Conn, Lough, 353 Connell abbey, 131 Connemara, 418 Connor, 170, 172 ; ac. of 171 Connor castle, 354 Convamore, 188 Convov, Cross, 484, 485 Cookstown, 399, 408 i , Cross, 474, 475, 482,483, 484; ac. of 410 Coolcastle, 288 Cooldross, 451 Coolnakenny, 129; at. of, 143 Coolock, 403 Coollatin park, 465 Cooper hill, 141 Cootehill, 246, 293 , Cross, 471, 473, 475,479; ac. o/, 294 Copeland Isles, 255, 332 Cor castle, 436 Corcreagh, 151, 152 Cork, 174,247, 248 , Cross, 475 bis, 476, 486 bis ; ac. of, 188 , Cove of, 191; Cross, 475 , Beg, 193 Cork abbey, 466 Cormy castle, 246 Coronery, 293 Corrib, Lough, 163, 309, 344 Cove, 390 Courtmacsherry, 389 Courtown, 455 Contra, Lough, 290 Cow Island, 366 Cradockstown, 131 Cragane castle, 231 Cragbrien, 386 Craig-a-Huller, 242 Craigbilly, 232 ; ac. of 232 Craigtown Inn, 260 Cranagh cliff, 328 Craughwell, 313 Creagh church, 308 Crebilly Hill, 166, 232 Creely, Cross, 479 Creg castle, 187 Croagh Patrick, Hill of, 448 Croghan Hill, 314 Croghan Mountain, 454 Cromiglaun, 375 Cronebane, 467 Cross, The, or Muff, 400 Crossakeel, Cross, 476, 481 Ms Crossdoney, 432, 434 Cross, 474, 475 Cross Ferry, Cross, 482 Cross Hill, 232 Cross Keys, 400; Cross, 481 , ac. of 401 Crossmolina, 355, 357 , Cross, 473 •, ac. of, 357 Cross Roads, 475 -, or Grosborough Inn, 392 , near Florence Court, 432, 435; Cross, 471 near Newtown Barry, 479 504 INDEX. Crotto, 129; ac. of, 144 Crow Head, 200 Crow Islet, 366 Cruach a Crue, 326 Cruaghmore, 329 Crumlin, 128; ac. of 129 Crusheen, 287, 290, 291 , Cross 479 Cuba house, 315 Culfeightrin church, 328 Culloville, 406 Cullyhill castle, 227 Culmore fort, 397 Cultra, 258 Curofin, 387; Cross, 477 , ac. of, 387 Curragh, The, 131 Curragha, 406 Curraghmore, 283 ; Cross, 485 Cushendall, 251, 324 , Cross, 477, 480 f ac , f t 326 Cushendun, 324; ac. of 328 Daisy hill, 260 Dalkey, 251; ac. of 251 Daly's bridge, 432, 434 Dangan, 419, 439 Darby's garden, 365 Dardistown bridge, 261 Dargle, Glen of the, 463 Darien's bridge, 432 Dawson. See Castle Dawson Dawson's court, 134 Dawson's grove (Armagh), 421 (Cavan), 294 (King's Co.) 384 Delphi, 449 Delville, 261 Derg bridge, Cross, 473 Derg, Lough, 272, 297 Derivaragh, 425 Derry. See Londonderry Derrybaun, 343 Derrybrian, Cross, 483 Derry castle, 298 Derry Cunihy, 375 Derryleagh castle, 137 Dervock, 324 , Cross, 47 Ibis, 475 bis , ac. of 324 Desart, 184 Desart church, 198 Cross, 482 Deel castle, 355 Delgany, 452 Desartcreat, 410 Desartmartin, 239; Cross, 47 5 , ac. of, 240 Devenish Island, 293 Devil's castle, 147 Devil's Glen, 343, 452 Devil's Island, 367 Devil's Lough, 373 Devil's Punch Bowl, 367, 369 Devil's Stream, 367 Devis Mountain, 207 Dingle, 252; Cross, 473, 478 , ac. of 252 Dinis Island, 367 Doagh, 170 , Cross, 470, 473, 477 , ac. of 171 Donadea castle, 305 Cross, 474 Donaghadee, 253, 256, 258 , Cross, 478, 483 — , ac. of, 254 INDEX. 50i5 Donaghcloney, 113 , ac. of, 125 Donaghedy cHurch, Cross, 485 Donaghmore '(Meath), 265 (Tyrone), 417 , ac. of, 418 , Cross, 475, 483 Donamon castle, 159 Donegore moat, 173 Doneraile, 379 ; Cross, 475 bis , ac. of, 380 Donnegal, 263 ; Cross, 475 , ac. of 271 Donnybrook, 449 ; ac. of, 450 Donnycarney, 403 Donore, 425 Donough, 293 ; ae. of, 295 , Cross, 474 bis, 481 Doonane, 220 Doonas, 392 Doon Point, 331 Doudstown, 263,411 Dough, 160. See also Doagh Douglas, Cross, 475 Douglas Bridge, 392, 394 Douth, or Dowth, 154 Down. See Downpatrick. Downgate Rock, Cross, 482 Down Hill, 260 Downpatrick, 208, 256, 261 : , Cross, 475, 478 bis ; ac. of, 209 Draper's Hill, 153 Drew's Town, 434 Drienlin Bridge, 423 Drimnakill mountain, 328 Drishane castle, 378 Drogheda, 113, 208, 261 bis, 262; ac.of 115 Drogheda, Cross, 470 bis, 475 6w, 476, 482 bis Dromahair, Cross, 474, 476, 481 Dromaleague, 198 Dromehome church, 271 Dromilly, 408 Dromod, 425, 427 Dromoland, 286 Dromore, 200, 344, 415 Cross, 476, 482, 483, 484 bis ; ac. of 200 Drooping mountain, 375 Droughlone, Lough, 247 Drum (Galway). See Drum- cong (Monaghan), 293 ., ac. of 294 Drumana, 249 Drumbanagher, 157 Drumbo castle, 285 Drumcannon church, Cross, 485 Drumcolloher, Cross, 481 Drumcondra, 113 , Cross, 473, 474 , ac. of 113 Drumcong, 418 Drumcourra, 153 Drumcree, 420 DrumgofF barracks, 343 Drumkeern, Cross, 476 Drumlaghded hill, 423 Drummore church, Cross, 477 Drumnakill mountain. See Drimnakill Drumnasole, 325 Drumsna, 425, 427 Drumswords, 295 506 INDEX. Duck Island, 375 Dublin, Situation and Extent of, 63 ; Corporation of, 65; Police, 65 ; Castle, 66 ; University, or Trinity Col- lege, 61 ; Statue of Wil- liam III., 70 ; Bank of Ireland, 70 ; Royal Ex- change, 71 ; Commercial Buildings, 72; Corn Ex- change, 72 ; Post Office, 73 ; Nelson's Monument, 73 ; Rotunda, 74 ; Custom House, 74; Four Courts, 75 ; King's Inns, 76 ; Dub- lin Society's House, 77 ; Theatre Royal, 78; Man- sion House, 78 ; Linen and Yarn Hall, 79 ; Sessions House, 79; Stamp Office, 79 ; Phoenix Park, 80 ; Royal Barracks, 81 ; Squares, 81; Bridges, 82 ; Protestant Churches, 83 ; Meeting Houses, 87 ; Ro- man Catholic Chapels, 88 ; Convents and Nunneries, 89; Literary Societies, &c, 91; Medical and Surgical Institutions, 92; Hospitals, &c, 93 ; Prisons, Houses of Correction, &c, 97 ; Manufactures, 98; Hotels, 98 ; Club Houses, 98. Duleek, 262 ; ac. of, 262 Dumacreen, 164 Dunaghy, 408, 410 -, Cross, 483 Dunally castle, 137 Dunamase castle, 134 Dunamore castle, 196 Dunbeg, 387 Dunboyne, 432; Cross, 479 Dunbrody abbey, 300 Duncannon fort, 301 Duncearma castles, 389 Dun Clanamourne, 327 Duncormack, 197, 301 Dunda castle, 378 Dundalk, 113, 408, 414 , Cross, 470, 476 bis , ac. of , 119 Dundarene castle, 194 Dunderry bridge, 347 Dundonald, 253 Dundrum (Down), 235, 385 <*— , Cross, 484 , ac. of, 237 (Dublin), 390, 461 , ac. of, 461 (Tipperary), 441 Dunfanaghy, 263, 274 , Cross, 479, 480 ac. of, 274 Dungannon, 276, 399, 408 , Cross, 471 bis, 472, 476 bis, 483 -, ac. of, 409 Dungannon park, 410 Dungarvan, 276, 280, 284 , Cross, 474, 476 -, ac. of, 279 Dungiven, 399 , Cross, 476 bis, 480 , ac. of, 399 Dunglo, 263, 284, 423 -, ac. of, 273 Dunivaddin hill, 232 INDEX. 507 Dunkerrin, 136 Dunkerry cave, 319 Dunlavin, Cross, 476 Dunleary, or Kingstown, 383 , ac. of, 388 Dunleckney, 414; Cross, 479 Dunleer, 113,402 , Cross, 474, 476 bis , ac. of, 118 Dunloe castle, 371 Dunloe Gap, 372 Dunloy, 330 Dunluce castle, 323, 422 Dun Mace. See Dunamase. Dunmanus Bay, 200 Dunmanway, 198; Cross, 474 , ac. of, 198 Dunmaul Fort, 325 Dunmayne, 407 Dunmore (Down), 161 ■ (Galway), 164 , Cross, 471, 476, 477,485; ac. of, 164 (Waterford), 283 Head, 253 Palace, 183 Dunmow castle, 265 Dunmurey, 204 Dunnenaught, 409 Dunran, 452 Dunroby abbey. See Dun- brody. Dunsandle, 309 Dunsany castle, 264 Dunseverick castle, 330 Dunshaughlin, 263 , ac. of 264 Dunsink, 432 Dunymanagh, Cross, 485 Durrow, 226, 440, 111 , Cross, 472, 476 bis, 478 ; ac. of, 226' Dursay Island, 200 Dyon, Cross, 476 Dysent, 358 Eagle Island, 375 Eagle's Nest, 374 Earlsfield, 174 Echlinville, 257 Edenderry, 313 Cross, 474, 482, 485; ac. of, 313 Edgeworth's Town, 424 Cross, 471, 476 bis, All; ac. of, 426 Eglish, 212, 422; Cross, 476 , ac. of, 213 Elm Grovel 443 Elphin, 436 ; Cross, 484, 485 , ac. of, 436 Elton, 231 Emlafad, 174 Emly, 230 Emo, 129; ac. of, 134 Emo Park, 384 Emy Vale, 392 ; ac. of, 393 Ennis, 285, 287, 290, 291, 296 -, Cross, 477 bis, 485 , ac. of 286 Ennisbofine, Island of, 419 Enniscorthy, 446, 447, 458 7 461, 465 Cross, 477 bis, 482; ac. of, 467 Enniscrone church, Cross, 484 Enniskeale, 198 ; ac. of 198 Enniskeel church, Cross, 479 Enniskerry, 390, 461 508 INDEX. Enniskerry, ac. of, 462 Enniskill, Island of, 273 Enniskillen, 263, 291, 293 , Cross, 471, 475, 477 bis, 479, 481, 483 -, ac. of, 269 Ennisnag castle, 276 Ennistimon, 295, 296, 387 , Cross, 477, 478, 479 ; ac. of, 395 Ennistioge. See Irmistiogue. Erigill church, 392 Erne, Lough, 268, 291 Errois, 293 Erry castle, 288 Esk, Lough, 165, 271, 272 Esknamucky cascade, 375 Esky bridge, Cross, 471, 484 Estochar bridge, 327 Everog bridge, Cross, 478 Eyrecourt, 291, 313 -, Cross, 472 — , ac. of, 316 Eyrecourt castle, 316 Fair Head, 169 Fair View, 345, 403 Falkland, 392, 393 Farnham, 267 Feanpull M'Dermott, 288 Fearmoyle, 419 Feltrim, 114 Feltrim castle, 114 Fennor, 228 Fenough, 179 Fenough church, Cross, 473 Ferbane, 287 ; Cross, 477 Fermoy, 174, 298, 404,405 — , Cross, 477 — , ac. of, 187 Ferns, 446, 465 ; ac. of, 466 Ferrit Island, 145 Ferriter's Islands, 253 Ferrybank, 398, 399 Fertagh, 227 Fethard (Tipperary), 233 , Cross, 473, 477 , ac. of, 234 (Wexford), 299, 301 ■, ac. of, 301 Fews, The, 153 Fhirleath, 170 Finea, 400 ; Cross, 473 , ac. of, 401 Finglass, 208, 406 ; ac. of, 407 Fin, Lough, 285 Fintona, Cross, 483 Fin Town, 284; Cross, 471 -, ac. of, 285 Firmount, Cross, 476, 477 Five Mile Town, 474 bis Florence Court, 435 Flower Hill, 422 Flurry Bridge, 121 , River, 217 Foaran Path, 325 Fon thill, 180 Fooksmill, 274, 446 , Cross, 482 Forest, 261 Forgney church, 351 Forkhill, 408 Forth, Barony of, 457 Fort Robert, 198 Fort Singleton, 393 Fort William, 240 Fowkscourt, 227 Fowre, 225 Foxborough, 352 INDIA. §09 Fox castle., 27S Foxfcrd, 3-50 ; Cross, 484 , ac. of, 353 Fovle, Lough, 260 Frankibrd. 212, 290, 302 , ac.of, 212 Frederick's Town. 474 French Park. 3=50 ; Cross, 473 , ac. of, 3-52 Freshford, Cross, 47S Friar's Island, 366 Fruit Hill. . Gallen, Gallev Head Galtees, The. 230 Galway, 303, 312 . Cross, 473 bis, 477 bis, 479 : ac. of, 309 Gara, The, 164 Garbally, 308 Garey castle, 30S Garon, Lough, 401 Garrison, Crossj 476 Garristown, Cros:. Garry castle. 316 Garryhaddon, 179 Garrylough castle, 4-5-5 Garryricken, 1S4 Garvagh, 239 . Cross, 4S2 bis, 483 bis ,ac.rf, 241 Garvduff Inn, 306 Gaulstown Park, 306 Geashill, castle. 314 , Cross, 481, 4S3 Gerron Point, 32-5 Gheramine Cottage, 372 Giant's Causeway, 317, 324 bis ■ -, ac. o/;sis Giant's Chair, 321 Giant's Grave, 431 Giant's Load, 414 Giant's Loom, 320 Giant's Ring, 203 Giant's Stairs, 193 Giant's Well, 321 Gibbarrow River, 263. 423 Gilford, 402, 420 ; Cross, 470 , ac. of, 402 Gill, Lough/ 431 Giltown, 175 Glan Flesk mountain, 370 Glanmire (Cork), 193 , Cross, 4S6 Glanmore, 446 ; ac. of, 446 Glanton, Cross, 4S1 Glan worth castle, 187 , Cross, 4S1 Glasha, 249 Glasslough, Cross, 479 Glassnevin, 261 ; ac. of, 261 Glen. 274 ; Cross, 480 , ac. of, 275 Glen na Capull, 370 Glen of the Downs, 4-51 Glen of the Horse, 370 Glena mountain, 365 Glena Bay and Cottage, 365, 366 Glenamore, 405 GlenarhT, 326 Glenarm, 324, 332. 339 , Cross, 472, 477 , ac. of. 33S Glenart castle, 4-54 Glenavy, 113,165, 243 , ac. of, 165 ; Cross, 480 Glencairn, 250 xx 3 , 4S0 510 INDEX, Glendalough, 340 ; Cross, 470 — , ac. of, 340 Glendun Vale, 328 GlengariffBay, 199 Glenmalure, Vale of, 343 Glenmore castle, 343, 452 Glenties, 423 Glynn (Antrim), 335 ~, (Limerick), .145 , ac. of, 146 Gobbins, 336 Golden, or Golden Bridge, 230; Cross, 479 Gore's bridge, 299, 445 Gorestown, 239 Gorey, 449, 465 ; Cross, 474 , ac. of, 454 Gormanstown, 115 Gort, 287, 291 , Cross, 477, 479, 483 , ac. of, 290 Gortahurk, 263 ; Cross, 479 — , ac. of, 273 Gortin, Cross, 482 Gosford castle, 153 Gowran, 276, 280; ac. of, 280 Gowran castle, 280 Grace Dieu Nunnery, 115 Grace Hall, 126 Grace Hill, 167 Grace Staples Cave, 329 Graig, 445 ; ac. of, 445 Granabuy, 294 Granard, 400 , Cross, 473, 476, 477 bis; ac. of, 401 Grandison castle, 285 Grange (Antrim), 245, 421 \ , ac. of, 245 Grange (Louth), 117 — (Meath), 432, 433 Grange, New, 154,407 Grange, Fortescue, 222, 407 Grange Hill, 328 Grange Inn, Cross, 484 Grange Mellon, Cross, 473 Grannebrue castle, 142 Gray Man's Path, 170 Green castle (Down), 236 (Londonderry), 397; Cross, 480 Greenmount, 119 Greenoge, 406 Greenville, Cross, 476 Grey abbey, 256 — , Cross, 477, 478, 483 ; ac. of, 257 Griffinstown, Cross, 476 Groom's Port, 259 Grosborough Inn, 392 Grove, 234 Guydore river, 263 Hacketstown, 390 ; Cross, 476 , ac. of, 391 Hag's Bed, 188 Hag's Glen, 373 Hag's Head Promontory, 295 Hag's Lough, Tooth, &c. 373 Haines-Town, 119 Half-way House, Cross, 484 Hall's Mill, 128 Hamilton's Bawn, 408 , Cross, 470 bis, 472 Hampton Hall, 115 Harristown, 175 Harryville, 166 Hazlewood, 431 INDEX. 311 lleadford, ;i44 , Cross-, 472, 4/3 , ac. of, 344 Heron Island, 363 Hey wood, 113, 162 Highpark, Cross, 476 Hillsborough, 200, 344 , Cross, 471, 477, 481 ; ac. of 201 Hill of Allen, 133 Hollybrook, 429 Hollymount (Down), 211 (Mayo), 164, 165, 357 ; Cross, 477 ac. of, 359 Holly Park, 146 Hollywood, 258 ; ac. of, 258 Holm Patrick, 156 Holy Cross, Cross, 473, 474, 485 Holy Cross abbey, 440 Hook Lighthouse, 301 Hook Tower, 283 Horn Head, 274 Horseleap, 307 Horsland, Cross, 474 Howth, 345 ; ac. of, 346 Hoyle, Lough, 425 Hume wood, Cross, 4:76 Hungra Hill, 199 Ilanmore, 413 Inch church, Cross, 478 Incheguile, 163 Inchigeela, Cross, 477, 480 Inchiquin castle, 295 Inchiquin lake, 387 Inisclare, 413 Inis Courcy, 210 Inisfallen Island, 364 Inishangie, 257 Inisheene, 246 Inishugh, 413 Inisline, 413 Inis Scattery, 147 Innismore, 253 Innistiogue, 445; Cr oss, 482 , ac. of, 445 Inisturk, 413 Inniscawen, 293 Innishannon, 194; Cross, 479 Innismachsent, 292 Innis Roch, 293 Inny, Lough, 401 Inver, 263 ; ac. of 273 Ireland, geographical account of, 52 Ireland's Eye, 347 Irrelagh abbey, 368 Irvinestown, 347 ; ac. of, 347 Island Magee, 336 Isnaleara, 326 Jackdaw Islet, 366 Jamestown, 425 ; Cross, 485 , ac. of 427 Jerpoint, 281 Jigginstown house, 131 Johnston's Fews, 148 , ac. of, 148 Johnstown (Kildare), 129, 162, 174; ac. of, 130 Johnstown (Kilkenny), 227 Johnstown bridge, 313 Jonesborough, 113; ac. of, 1 2 1 Joyce's Country, 419 Julianstown bridge, 113 Kanturk, 412 ; Cross, 481 , ac. of 412 Keady (Armagh), 151, 216 512 INDEX. Keady (Armagh), Cross, 477, 480 ; ac. of, 153 Kells, (Antrim), 165, 170, 172,232; Cross, 473, 477 , ac. of, 166 Kells (Kilkenny), 220 , Cross, 478 ; ac. of, 221 Kells (Meath), 263, 347 , Cross, 476, 478 bis, 481 bis, 484, 485 ; ac. of, 265 Kenagh, 438 ; ac. of, 438 Kenbaan, 329 Kenbaan castle, 329, 330 Kenmare, 348, 349 — , Cross, 480 -, ac. of, 348 Keromore, 353 Kerry Head, 145 Key, Lough, 428 Kilbarry church, 198 Kilbay castle, 137 Kilbeggan, 287, 303; Cross, 478 bis, 483; ac. of 306 Kilberry ruins, Cross, 470 Kilbixy, 438 Kilbreny, 236 Kilbride, 461 , Pass of, 303, 306 Kilcash, 184 Kilchreest, 287, 289, 291 Kilcock, 303, 439 , Cross, 472, 482 , ac. of 305 Kilcoleman castle, 380 Kilcommack, 438 Kilcommodon Hill, 289 Kilconnel, 303 ; ac. of, 309 Kilcool, 449; ac. of, 451 Kilcoursey castle, 288 Kiicrea abbey, 377 Kilcrea castle, 377 Kilcronaghan, 240 Kilcullen, 162, 174, 349 , ac. of, 174 , Old, 175 Kildare, 129, 349 — , Cross, 478 bis, 482 -, ac. of, 131 Kildorery, 379 ; ac. of, 380 Kildysart, 386 Kilfane, 280, 281 Kilfenora, Cross , 477 bis, 478 Kilfin, 441 Kilgarvan, 348 Kilglassan, 357, 359 Kilgobbin, 252 Kilgobbin castle, 462 Kilkea castle, 177 Kilkeel, 235; Crow, 484 , ac. of 236 Kilkelly, 158; ac. of, 159 Kilkenny, 174, 220, 349 bis, 350; Cross, 472, 478 Us , ac. of 180 Kilkerrin, 164 , Cross, 471, 478,481 — , ac. of, 164 Kill (Dublin), 214 Kill (Kildare), Cross, 478 Killadoon, 382 Killala, 222, 350, 355, 357 -, Cross, 478; ac. of, 354 Killaloe, 296, 360, 392 , Cross, 479, 480, 482 , ac. of 296 Killargs church, Cross, 48 1 Killarney, 349, 360, 377, 379 , Cross, 478 bis INDEX. 513 Killarney, ac. of, 360 Killarney, Lakes of, 360 Killashee, 438 ; Cross, 479 Killberry, 246 ; ac. of, 246 Killcolgan, 288 Killeagh, 223, 405 , Cross, 476, 486 Killeen castle, 264 Killeigh, 212, 381 , Cross, 471, 478, 484, 485 ; ac. of, 384 Killenaule. See Killynaule Killeray bay and mountain, 449 Killeshandra, 432 , Cross, 472, 474, 479; ac. of, 434 Killewater castle, 337 Killiene, Lough, 423 Killileigh. See Killyleigh. Killinan church, 289 Killinane, 180 Killinany castle, 212 Killinchy, Cross Roads of, 208 , ac. of, 211 Killiney, 214 bis Killiney hill, 466 Kill Keran, 337 Killmulan, 146 Killough, 384; Cross, 478 bis , ac. of, 384 Killough hill, 228 Killtymon Glen, 452 Killurn, 212 Killwaghter, 339; ac. of, 339 Killybegs, 263; Crew, 478, 479 , ac. of, 275 Killyglene church, 338 Killygordon, 284; ac. of 284 Killyleigh (Armagh), 155 , Cross, 479 Killyleigh (Down), 208 , Cross, 472, 478 bis, 481 ; ac. of, 211 Killyman church, 239 Killymoone, 410 Killymurrys, 330 Killynaule, 233 ; ac. of, 234 , Cross, 472, 473 bis, 478 bis, 481 Killyock church, Cross, 471 Killyshandra. See Kille- shandra. Kilmacduagh, Abbey of, 290 Kilmacrenan, 274; Cross, 480 , ac. of, 275 Kilmacthomas, 276, 280 , Cross, 486 ac. of, 278 Kilmacudd, 450 Kilmaganny, 220, 276, 277 , Cross, 478 Kilmain, 162, 447 — , Cross, 473, 474 ■, ac. of, 163 Kilmainham, 130 Kilmaleady, 288 Kilmallock, 226 --, Cross, 475, 479 -,ac. of, 231 Kilmanaham castle, 185 Kilmatague, Cross, 484 Kilmeague, 349, 381 , Cross, 478 ■, ac. of, 383 Kilmoon church, 406 , Cross, 472 Kilmore (Cavan), 267 514 INDEX. Kilmore (seat), 185 Kilmory, Cross, 481 Kilmure bridge, 291, 313, 316 Kilmurray, 386 Kilmurry-bricken, 387 , ac. of, 387 , Cross, 478, 479 Kilnacarrick, 451 Kilnamatery, 378 Kilnockin castle, 234 Kilrea, 243, 317; ac. of, 318 , Cross, 471, 479, 482 Kilreen, 183 Kilruddery house, 451 Kilrush, 386, 387 ■ — , Cross, 478, 479 — ►, ac. of, 386 Kilsallaghan, 406 Kilshielan, 186 Kiltannan, 298 Kilteel castle, 130 Kilternan, 390, 462 Kilworth, 174; ac. of, 18 6 Kincor, 289 Kingscourt, 246 ; ac. of, 246 f Cross, 470, 473, 474, 479 Kingston, Cross, 470 Kingston hall, 428 Kingstown, 388 ; ac. of, 388 Kinnegad, 222, 303, 350, 355, 438 ; Cross, 472 ; ac. of, 306 Kinsale, 388; ac. of, 388 Kirkcubben, 256 ; ac. of, 257 Kirkistown, 257 Kish, or Cash, 347 , Cross, 473, 477 Kittane, Lough, 370 Knappan lodge, 325 Knightsbridge, 348 , Cross., 480 Knight of Kerry's Island, 375 Knockalton castle, 296 Knockane castle, 137 Knockballymore, 295 Knockbreda, 253 Knockbride bridge, 294 Knock Doo, 338 Knock Lade mountain, 169, 329 Knocklofty, 185 Knocklong, 226, 231 Knock-naren, 431 Knockmeledown mountain, 186 Knocktopher, 276; Cross, 478 , ac. of, 276 Konnoc a Briannin, 373 Kyle, 449 ; ac. of, 455 Labacally tomb, 188 Lackagh castle, 133 Lade, 327 Lagacory, 393 Laggan bridge, 222, 407 Laghy, 263 Lake Coutra, 290 Lakes of Killarney, 360 Lamb Island, 363 Lambay Island, 156 Lambeg, 203 Lane, Lough, 225 Lanesborough, 350, 355 > , Cross, 479 , ac, of, 351 Lansdown, 384 Laracor, 433 Largy, 432; Cross, 476, 479 INDEX. 515 . ac. of, 435 Lame, 324, 332 ; Cross, 485 , ac. of 335 Larra abbey. 401 Latragh castle, 216 Lea, 302 ; ac. of, 302 Leap, Cross, 4S4 Leap castle, 213 Leigh, 228 Leighlin bridge, 174, 390 , Cross, 470 , ac. of, 179 Leighlin, Old. 179 Leitrim. Cross, 472. 479 Leixlip,' 303, 439 , Cross, 479 ; ac. of, 304 Lenv, 424 ; ac. of. 42-5 Leslie hill, 244^ Leslie lodge, 147 Letterkenny, 274, 391 ■ , Cross, 4 SO , ac. of, 275 Lifford, 284, 392 , Cross, 4:7-5, 484 , ac. of, 395 Liffev, river, 61 Limerick, 129, 295, 391, 392 , Cross, 474, 475, 479 bis, 4S5; ac. of, 138 Lion's Head, 322 Lion Rock, 321 Lisbellaw, 263 ; Cross, 481 , ac. of, 268 Lisburn, 200 , Cross, 471, 475, 479 bis, 484 ; ac. of, 202 Liscarrol, Cross, 4S1 Liscartan castle, 265 Lisconnan, 324 Lisfining castle, 251 Lishbaun mountain, 373 Lishean, 230 Lislaghtin abbev, 147 Lisle, 3 72; ac.'of, 172 Lisminy, 287 Lismore, 248, 298, 405 , Cross, 480 ; ac. of, 249 Lismullen, 264 Lisnagur, 188 Lisnarick, Cross, 477 Lisnegarvev, 203 Lisnaskea, 263, 268 ; Cross,ASl Lispple, 252 Lissadel, 432 Lissanoure castle, 167 Lissnabruck, 295 Listowell, 129, 145; ac. of, 1 14 Lixna castle, 441 Loch Conn, 357 Loftushall, 301 Loghill, 146 Londonderry, 392, 398, 399 , Cross, 471 bis, 480 Ms, 482, 484; ac.of,396 Longford, 400, 424 , Cross, 474, 479, 480 •, ac. of, 426 Longford lodge, 129 Longford Pass, 228, 440 Lorrah, 422 Lough Anna, 212 Loughbrickland, 113 Cross, 470, 483; ac.of 124 Lough Carra, 359 Lough Couter castle, 290 Lough Derg, 272; ac. of, 297 Lou^h Esk, 272 516 INDEX, Lough Garon, 401 Lough Inny, 401 Loughgall, 225 ; Cross, 480 — , ac. of, 225 Loughgeell, 165; ac. of, 167 Loughglin, 158; Cross, 473 , ac. of, 159 Loughglin castle, 159 Loughlinstown, 466 Loughmore, 141 Lough Mourne, 272 Lough-na-Cresa, 170 Loughrea, 287, 291, 313 , Cross, 472 bis, 480 bis, 484; ac. of, 316 Lough Rea, 316 Lough Ramor, 266 Lough Shellin, 401 Louisbourg, 448 Louth, 402 ; ac. of 402 Louth hall, 402 Lucan, 303, 381, 439 , ac. of, 304 Lugna Clogh, 431 Lugnaquilla, 343 Lurgan, 128, 165, 243, 402 ■ , Cross, 477, 480 bis, 483,484; ac. of, 128 Lurgan church, 267 Lurgan green, 113 ; ac. of, 119 Lurgeidan, 326; ac. of, 326 Lusk, 156; ac. of, 156 Mac Auliffe, 412 Mac Carthy's Island, 375 Mac Swein's Gun, 274 Macetown castle, 407 Macklin castle, 227 Macnean, Lough, 435 Macroom, 348, 377 Macroom, Cross, 472, 477, 480 bis; ac, of; 377 Magee, Island. See Island. Maghera, 239 -, Cross, 471,476,480 bis, 483 ; ac. of, 240 Magherafelt (Londonderry), 157, 243, 317 — , Cross, 480, 484 -, ac. of, 317 Magheralin, 113 ' •, Cross, 477, 480 bis; ac. of, 126 Magilligan, 260 Maguire's bridge, 263 , ac. of, 268 ■ , Cross, 474, 481 Maidens, The, 337 Mail-coach routes, 99 on cross roads, 103 Malahide, 403 ; ac. of, 403 Mallin, Cross, 486 Mallow, 379, 404 -, Cross, 475 bis, 480, 481 bis; ac. of, 380 Malton, 464 Man-of-War, 113, 261 , ac. of, 115 , rock, 374 Mangerton mountain, 369 Manor Cunningham, Cross, 4^0 Manor Hamilton, 432 -, Cross , 476, 481 bis; ac. of, 435 Maquasquin, 241 Marino, 403 Markcrea castle, 429 INDEX. 517 Market hill, 153, 408 , Cross, 472, 482 • — , ac. of, 153 Maryborough, 129 , Cross, 471, 481 bis, 483, 485 ; ac. of, 134 Mask, Lough, 163 Mawhan, 408 Maynooth, 303, 439 , Cross, 481 , ac. of 305 Mayo, 356 Maypole, 224; Crow, 476, 481 Mead Town, Cross, 470 Meare's Court, 350 Meelick abbey, 285 Meeting of the Waters, 464 Melick church, 353 Mellifont, 117 Menlough castle, 419 Merrion castle, 465 Merrion, Old, 465 Merville, 450 Middleton, 237, 405 — , Cross, 474, 475, 476, 479,486; ac. of 237 Military road, 340 Millbrooke, 384 Millecent, 382 Mill of Louth, 151, 405 , Cross, 475, 476 , ac. of, 152 Mill-street, 377, 379 , Cross, 475, 480, 481 bis; ac. of 378 Milltown, 390, 461 , Cross, 478 Mil town Mai bay, 387 Minard castle, 252 Minola, 355, 413 ; ac. of, 356 Mitchell's town, 379 ; Cross, 481, 485; ac. of, 379 Mizen Head, 200 Moat (Mayo), 356 Moat of Ardskull, 220 Moat of Granard, 401 Moate, 303 ; ac. of, 307 Moate Park (Roscommon), 159 Moira, 113; Cross, 477, 480 bis, 481,484; ac. of, 126 Monaghan, 392, 406 bis -, Cross, 473, 475, 481 ; ac. of, 393 Monanimy, 404 Monasterboice, 117 Monastereven, 129, 302 , Cross, 470 ac. of, 133 Monaver, Cross, 481 Monela bog, 136 Monevgall, 136 Moneymore, 157, 239, 408 -, ac. of, 240 Monivae, 312; Cross, 470, 477; ac. of, 312 Monkstown, 214, 215, 251 ac. of, 214 Monkstown castle, 193 Montalto, 161 Monte Video, 425 Montpelier castle, 214 Moone abbey, 176 Moore abbey, 133 Moorefield, 353 Y Y 518 INDEX. Moore park, 187 Moore town, 133 Moss side, Cross, 471 Mosstown, 439 Mount Alexander, 212 Mount Bellew bridge, 415 Mount Bolus, 212 ; ac.of, 212 Mount Brandon, 253 Mount Campbell, 427 Mount Charles, 263 , ac. of, 272 Mount Coote, 231 Mount Druid (Antrim), 329 Mount Druid (Dublin), 466 Mountgarret, 300 Mount Hamilton, 398, 399 Mount Juliet, 276 Mount Leinster, 461 Mount Loftus, 445 Mountmellick, 302, 411 , Cross, 481, 485 , ac. of, 302 Mount Merrion, 450 Mount Nephin, 353 Mount Nugent, 434 Mount Panther, 209 Mount Pleasant, 212 Mountrath, 129; ac.of, 135 Mount Rice, 133 Mount Shannon, 142 , Cross, 480, 484 Mount Stewart, 258 Mount Talbot, Cross, 472, 481, 483 Mount Trenckard, 141 Mount Uniacke, 223, 405 Mount Wollesley, 460 Mourn, Lough (Donegal), 165 Mourne, Lough (Antrim), 334 Mourne, Cross, 475 Mourne mountains, 385 Mouse island, 363 Moy, 239, 411 Moyallen, 420 Moyarta, 386 Moycarthy castle, 228 Moycashell, 306 Moycashill castle, 287 Moylough, 358 Moynalty, 293 ; ac. of, 293 , Cross, 482 Moyne, the, 164 Moyne abbey, 358 Moystown, 315 Moyvore, 350 Moyvore castle, 295 Mucruss, 349, 369 Mucruss abbey, 367 Mucruss Peninsula, 369 Muff, 399, 400; Cross, 470, 471, 473, 480, 482 Mullaghanee bridge, 151, 406 Mullinahone, Cross, 477 Mullinavat, 280, 281 Mullingar, 222, 350, 355, 424 ■, Cross, 470, 473, 476, 478, 481 bis, 485 bis — , ac. of, 425 Mullyvilly, 421 Mungret abbey, 141 Murderslay, 337 Murlock bay, 328 Mylough, 312; Cross, 482 Myrtle Grove, 469 INDEX. 519 Myshal], Cross, 473, 479 Naas, 129, 102, 174 , Cross, 48 1, 4S2 bis , ac. of, 130 Na-cresa, lough, 170 Na-Maraghnarig, lough, 370 Naren, 263 ; ac. of, 273 Narrow- water, 235; ac. of, 235 Navan, 263, 411 : ac. of, 264; , Cross, 470 bis, 482 bis, 484 bis, 485 Naule, 261; Cross, 482 , ac. of 262 Neagh, Lough, 244 Neale, The, 163; Cross, 472 Nenagh, 216, 296, 360, 391, 392 ; Cross, 473, 474, 482 bis, 484 ; ac. of, 296 Nephin, Mount, 353 New abbey, 174 Newbridge (Kildare), 129 ■ , Cross, 482 — , ac. of, 131 Newbridge (Limerick), 146 , Cross, 481 Newbridge (Wicklow), Cross, 470 Newbrook, 174 Newbrook House, 359 Newcastle (Down), 255 , Cross, 482, 484 , ac. of, 237 Newcastle (Kildare), 220 Newcastle (Limerick), 129 , Cross, 481 , ac. of 143 Newcastle (near Limerick), 137 Newcastle (Mayo), 353 Newcastle (East Meath), 246 Newcastle (West Meath), 350 Newcastle (Wicklow), 451 New Court, 196 New Ferry, Cross, 471, 482, 483 New Geneva, 283 New Grange, 407 Newgrove, 247 New Hall (Clare), 386 Newhall, 264 New Inn (Galway), 303 New Inn (Meath), 303 Newmarket (Clare), 286 Newmarket (Cork), 412 , Cross. 481 •-, ac. of, 412 Newmarket (Kilkenny), 276, 277 New Mills, 399, 408 Newpark (Mayo), 353 Newpark (Tipperary) 228 Newport (Longford), 438 Newport (Tipperary), 129 , Cross, 472, 480, 482 , ac.of 137 Newport, 413 ; Cross, 486 , ac. of, 413 New Ross, 299, 414, 446, 447 , Cross, 482 bis, 486 , ac. of, 299 Newry, 113, 414 ; Cross, 472, 482 bis ; ac.of, 122 Newry Bridge Inn, 343, 452 Newtown (Seat), 185 Newtown abbey, 433 Newtown Ards, 253, 415 , Cross, 477, 483 , ac. of, 253 Newtown Barry, 461 520 INDEX. Newtown Barry, Cross, 473, 477, 479 Newtown Bellew, 357,415 , Cross, 481 , ac. of 9 358 Newtown Breda, 415 , Cross f 478 Newtown Butler, 263 . — t Cross, 474 , ac. of, 26' 8 Newtown Cunningham, Cross, 480 Newtown Forbes, 424 ~ ■ , ac. of, 427 Newtown Glens. See Cus- hendall Newtown Hamilton, 148 , Cross, 482 bis ; ac. of, 148 Newtown Limavady, 260 , Cross, 471 bis, 474, 480, 482 bis, 483 ; ac. of, 260 Newtown Mount Kennedy, 416, 452 Newtown Stewart, 392, 398 , Cross, 475 bis, 477, 482 ; ac. of, 394 Nine Mile House, 174, 417 1 Cross, 475, 483 bis; ac. of, 184 Nobber, 246 ; ac. of, 246 Oak Island, 375 Oak Park, 179 O'Brien's Bridge, 391 9 Cross, 479, 482 O'Brien's Fort, 298 O'Donohue's Prison, 363 O'Donohue's Horse, 363 O'Hara's Brook, 244 O' Kane's castle, 400 Olart, 455 Old Bridge, 115 Old Castle, 432 ; Cross, 478 Old Connaught, 466 OldConnell, 131 Oldfleet castle, 336 Old Head, 389 Old Leighlin. See Leighlin Old Merrion, 465 Old Ross, Cross, 482 Old Weir Bridge, 374 Omagh, 392, 416,417 bis , Cross, 474, 475 bis, 477 bis, 483 bis; ac.of 394 Oranmore, 303, 313 -, Cross, 477, 479, 480 ; ac. of, 309 Oranmore castle, 309 Ormond castle, 183 Ormond Isle, 348 O' Sullivan's Cascade, 365 O' Sullivan's Punch Bowl, 374 Oughterard (Galway), 418 , ac. of, 418 Oughterard (Kildare) 130 Our Lady's Church, 342 Outer, Lough, 267 Oven's Inn, 348, 377 , ac. of, 377 Owenreave river, 419 Packenham Hall, 224 Pallas, Cross, 474, 479, 485 Pallas Inn, 290 Pallas-more, 351 Palmerstown (Dublin), $03, 381 INDEX, 521 Paimerstown (Kildare), 130 Paps, The, 378 Paradise, 386 Parkgate, 172 ; ac. of 173 Parson's Town. See Birr Parteen, 391, 392 Partree,447; Cross, 473, 483 ■ , ac. of, 447 Passage- West, 192 , C?-oss, 475 Passage- East, 446 ; ac. of, 447 Pass-if-you-can, 406 , Cross, 481 Patrick's Well, 142 Peterborough, 151 Pettigoe, Cross, 472, 477 Philipstown, 313; Cross, 473, 478, 481,482,483 bis , ac. of, 313 Pict's House, 170 Piedmont, 121 Pigeon Hole, 163 Pigeon Islet, 366 Pleaskin, 321 Plummer's Island, 374 Pointz Pass, 157 ; ac. of 157 Pol a Phuca, 459 Pomeroy, 417, 418 , Cross, 475, 483 bis Pooladuff, 195 Port, The, 263 Portadown, 157, 420 , ac. of 420 ■ , Cross, 470, 480 bis, 483 Portaferry, 256, 421 , Cross, 483 bis — , ac. of 257 Portarlington, 302, 381 Portarlington, Cross, 481,483, 485 ; ac. of, 383 Porta vo, 255 Port Coon Bay, 319 Port Coon Cave, 319 Portglenone, 245, 324, 421 , Cross, 483 ■, ac. of, 245 Portmore, 330 Portmore castle, 128 Port na Baw, 320 Port na Spagna, 321 Port Noffer, 321, 330 Portrush, 421 ; ac. of, 421 Portumna, 422, 423 , Cross, 472, 482, 483 -■ , ac. of 422 Powerscourt, 462 Priest's Cell, The, 342 Priory, 216 Prospect Hall (near Bal- ruddery) 115 _ ? (near Killar- ney) 371 Prospect hill, 396 Puffing Hole, 387 Ptilacuila, 446 Purt castle, 144 Pyrmont, 147 Queensborough, 316 Querin, 386 Quilca mountain, 435 Quin abbey, 286 Rabbit Island, 363 Rack Wallace church, 392 Racondra,350, 355 ; Cross, 470 Raghery, or Raghlin Island, 330 Rahanvegue castle, 136 \ y 3 522 INDEX. Raheney Strand, 345 ,__ } aCt f 345 Raholp, 256 ; ac. of T 256 Ram's Island, 244 Ramor, Lough, 266 Ramsfort, 455 Randalstown, 243, 245, 324, 421; Cross, 476, 483 bis ■ , ac. of, 243 Raphoe, 274 ; Cross, 484, 485 , ac. of 274 Rasharkan, 245, 324 — , Cross, 483 , ac. of, 246 Ratbangan, 381 ; Cross, 482 , ac. of 383 Rathbran abbey', 222 Ratbbrand, Cross, 476 Ratbbride, 349 Ratbclare inn, Cross, 475 Ratbconnel, Cross, 478 Rathcoole, 129, 162, 174 , ac. of, 130 Rathcormack, 174, 237,405 , ac. of, 188 Ratbdowny, Cross, 476, 478 Ratbdrum, 390,461 ; Cross,470 — -, ac. of, 463 Ratbfarnham, 340 ; ac. of, 340 Ratbfriland, 161, 208, 256, 384; Cross, 47 0,4$3 bis, 484 , ac. of, 208 Ratbkeale, 129 ; Cross, 474, 483 ; ac. of, 142 Rathkeen castle and common, 134 Rathleague, 135 Ratbline, 351 Rath more, Cross, 470 Ratbrobine, 212 Rathrush, 460 RathsalJagh, Cross, 476 Ratoath, 154, 411 , Cross, 472 bis ac. of, 411 Rattoo, 145 Ravensdale, 121 Ravenswell, 450 Red Bay, 326 Red castle, Cross, 480 Redgateinn, 386 Red hall, 335 Red Trout Lake, 372 Ree, Lough, 351. Reek, The, 448 Reekpatrick, 399 Rheban, 220 Rhefeart, The, 342 Rhinrow castle, 392 Richhill, 226, 408 , Cross, 470, 480 Rilbay castle. See Kilbay Robe, The, 163 Rochdale, 406 Roches cascade, 262 Rochestown, 214 ; ac. of, 214 Rochfort bridge, 303, 306 Rockcorry, Cross, 475, 479 Rockforest, 405 Rock heads, 319, 321 Rockingham house, 428 Roebuck castle, 461 Rokebyhall, 118 Ronan's Island, 375 Rosanna, 452 Roscommon, 158, 42& INDEX. 523 Roscommon, ac. of, 158 — , Cross, 472, 483, 484 bis Roscrea, 129 ; ac. of, 135 Cross, 472, 476, 478, 484 Rosemount, 258 Rosenallis, 302 ,Cross, 481, 484,485 ■ , ac. of, 302 Roserk abbey, 354 Ross abbey, 344 Rosscarberry (Cork), 195 RossaGoul, 270 Ross Bay, 363 Rossburkie Island, 375 Ross castle (Cavan), 434 Ross castle (Killarney), 362 Ross Island, 362 Ross. See New and Old Ross Rosses, The, 273 Rostellan castle, 193 Rostrevor, 235, 444 , Cross, 484 bis , ac. of, 235 Rougban castle, 239 Roundstone, 311 Rovinvalley Dyke, 321 Roxburgh house, 148 Royal Oak inn, 180, 299, 445 Runaolin, Lough, 331 Rush, 156; ac. of, 156 Rusky bridge, 424; Cross, 485 ■ , ac. of, 427 Russborough, 458 Rutland, 423 ; ac. of, 424 -, Island of, 273 St. Andrew, 257 St. Doulough's, 403 St. Doulough's, ac. of, 403 Saintfield,415 ; Cross, 478, 484 , ac. of, 415 Saintfield house, 415 St. Johnstown, 392 — , Cross, 484 -, ac. of, 395 St. Kevin's Bed r 342 St. Kevin's Kitchen, 342 St. Lafarien, Well of, 180 St. Margaret's, 406 St. Moylaise's house, 293 St. Mullin's, 299 St. Patrick's bridge, 197 Salagh Braes, 338 Sallymount, 175 Saltees, 197, 301 Salt hole, 335 Salti bridge, 249 Salt, Lough, 275 Sandholes, Cross, 483 Sans Souci, 450 Santry, 113; ac.of, 114 Santrv house, 114 Saul abbey, 211 Saunder's court, 457 Saunder's grove, 459 Saundersville, Cross, 476 Scalp, The, 461 Scarewalch bridge, 446, 461 Scarva, 424 ; Cross, 470 bis Scilly, 390 Scots house, Cross, 473 Skreen, 411, Cross, 484 , ac. of, 412 Scurlog's town, 433 Seaford, 161 ; Cross, 474 ac. of, 161 Seamount, 413 52* INDEX. Seapark court, 404 Sea point, 214 Seven churches, 340 Shallaghan bridge, 263, 284 .Cross, 471,479 Shallee Turnpike, 129, 137, 391 Shaltagan bridge, 423 Shanagolden, 145 ; ac. of, 146 Shanbally castle, 186 Shane's castle, 243, 324 Shane's inn, Cross, 475 Shanganagh, 214 bis, 466 Shankhill, 466 Shannon, The, 140 Shannon bridge, 287, 289 , Cross, 484 Shanrahany, 186 Shark, Lough, 424 Shaw castle, 338 Sheallin, Lough, 434 Sheen castle, 134 Sheep bridge, 113 Sheep Island, 331 Shellin, Lough, 401 Shelton abbey, 454 Shercock, 246; ac. of, 247 Shilelagh, 219, 464 , Cross, 484 Shinney, Lough, 156 Shragh castle, 173 Shrule, Cross, 473, 474 Shy, Lough, 163 Silvermines, 129, 216 , Cross, 484 , 9 aCt of, 137 Sir Albert's bridge, 423 Six Mile bridge, 285, 386 ; Six Mile Bridge, Cross, 475, 477,479 bis; ac.of 286 Six Mile Cross, 417 -, Cross, 475 bis. 483 bis Skeheewrinky, 186 Skerries, 156; ac. of, 156 Skerries hill, 232 Skerriff, Cross, 484 Skibbereen, 174; ac. of, 196 Skirk, Cross, 478 Skryne. See Skreen. Slane, 153, 257, 406 , ac. of, 154 , Cross, 470, 476, 478, 482, 484 bis Slane castle, 154 Slaughter Ford, 336 Slidderyford, 237 Sliebh Guth, 459 Sliebh Russell, 435 Slieve Baraghad, 326 Slieve Croob mountain, 161 Slieve Donard, 237 Slieve Gullen, 122, 408 Slieve na Aura, 329 Slievnemon mountain, 277 Sligo, 425, 432, 436 , Cross, 471, 476, 481, 484 bis, 485 ; ac. of, 430 Slunk na Marra, 330 Smerwick Harbour, 252 Smithsborough, Cross, 473, 481 Snowtown castle, Somerville, 263 Sonnagh, 438 South Park, 355 262 INDEX, 525 Spancell Hill, 296 , Cross, 479 Springhill (Carlow), 179 Springhill ( Londonderry), 240 Spring Park, 401 Stackallan, 154 Stags, The, 196 Stag Island, 365, 375 Staplestown, 179 Starbog Spa, 417 Station for Audience, 374 Station for Music, 374 Stewart Hall, 240 Stewartstown, 157, 239, 243, 317; Cross, 4S0, 4S3 bis, 4S4 bis; ac. of, 240 Stillorgan, 449, 466 , ac. of, 450 Stonebrook, 266 Stone Hall,' 146 Stoneyford, Cross, 475, 4S3, 485 Stookins, 320 Strabane, or Strathbane, 392, 398 j Cross, 473, 475 his, 477, 485 ; ac. of, 395 Stradbally, 437; 'Cross, 471 . ac. of, 437 Stradbally Hall, 437 Stradone, Cross T 470, 473, 479 Straffan, 382 Straid, 339, 400; Cross, 473 Stramore Inn, 399 Strancallv castle, 249 Strand, 263 Strandhouse Tnn, Cross, 484 Strangfortl, 256, 421 — , Cross, 478 Strangford, ac. of, 256 Stranocum, 170; ac. of, 172 Stranorlar, 284 ; Cross, 4S5 , ac. of 285 Stratford upon Slaney, 459 , Cross, 485 Strathbane. See Strabane. Strawberry Hill, 289 Strokestown, 350, 35o, 436, 438; Cross, 485 bis , ac. of 352 Struel, 211 Sugar Island, 366- Sugar Loaf mountains, 463 Suir castle, 230 Summerhill (East Meath), 347, 439 ; Cross, 4S5 , ac. of, 439 Summer Hill (Seat), 257 Summerhill house, 439 Summer Island, 225 Swanlinbar, 432 ; Cross, 474 , ac. of, 435 Swatteragh, 239 ; ac. of, 241 Swill an, Lough, 247 Swineford, 350 ■, Cross, 471 bis, 473, 484; ac. of, 352 Swords, 113, 261 ; ac. of, 114 Syngefield, 213 Tasrhmon, 274, 439, 446 — , Cross, 482, 486 , ac. of, 439 Tallanstown, 405 , Cross, 476 Tallaght, 458 ; ac. of 458 Tallow, 248,405; ac. of 251 Tamlagh church, Cross, 483 Tanderagee, 157, 420, 421 m INDEX. Tanderagee, Cross, 470 Ms, 472; ac. of, 157 Tarah Hill, 263 ; ac. of, 264 Tarbert, 145; ac. of, 147 Tarbert House, 147 Tarmonbarry bridge, 438 Tarmons, 147 Tashiny, 438 Tawney, 390 Team-pull-na-Skellig, 342 Tecroghan abbey, 306 Teeny, 400 Teina Park, 183 Temora, Hill of, 133 Temple Brian, 195. Temple church, 255 Temple Coran, 335 Temple Cross chapel, 426 Templemore, 215; Cross, 472, 485; ac. of 215 Templemoyle, 166 Templepatrick, 172 , Cross, 485 -, ac. of, 173 Temple Roe, 353 Tempo, Cress, 477, 483 Ten Mile Bush, 263 Tennelick, 438 Tenny Park, 452 Terfeckan castle, 117 Tervac, 141 Tevereagh, 328 Thanes Heap, 188 Thomas Street, 357, 358 Thomastown (Louth), 152 Thomastown (Kilkenny), 280 , , ac. of, 280 Thomastown (Tipperary), 226 - , Cross, 479 Thomastown, ac. of, 230 Thurles, 228, 440, 441 •, ac. of, 440 , Cross, 472, 478, 482, 485 bis Tildarg, 160 Timohoe, 162, 350 ~, ac. of, 162 Timoleague castle, 195 Timolin church, 176 Timon castle, 458 Tinnahely, 219, 461 «*, ac. of 464 Tinnahinch, 463 Tintern, 301 ; ac. of, 301 Tipperary, 226, 441 bis Cross, 474, 485 bis; ac. of 230 j Togher Inn, 340 Tomies mountain, 365 Toomavara, 129, 296 , ac. of, 136 Toome bridge, Cross, 483 Toome Ferry, 317 Tor Head, 328 Tor Point, 328 Tory Island, 274 Townavilly, 165 , Cross, 475, 484 ac.of 165 479, Tralee, 252, 441,443 -, Cross, 475, 478, 485 of 441 Tramore, 283; Cross, 485 Trespan Rocks, 457 Trillick, 347 ; Cross, 477 bis Trim, 347, 432 — , Cross, 482, 483, 485 bis , ac. of, 433 INDEX. 527 Trimblestown, or Trimlestown castle, 433 Tristernagh, 426 Trostan Hill, 328 Tuam, 357 , Cross, 470, 474, 477, 485 bis; ac. of, 358 Tubberindonny,287,291, 387 ■ , Cross, 479 1 aCm f t 290 Tubbermore, 239; ac. of, 240 Tubbermove Well, 336 Tubercurry, Cross, 471 bis, 472, 484 bis, 485 Tulla, 296, 298 ; Cross, 485 Tullamoore, 290, 313 ■ , ac. of, 314 ■ , Cross, 471, 478, 485 bis Tulleigh, 308 Tullow, 390 Ms, 458 ■ , Cross, 484 , ac. of, 460 Tully (Kildare), 132 Tully (Longford), 401 Tallycarbet, 407, 408 Tullymore lodge, 233 Tullymore park, 385 Tulsk, 350, 355, 413 , Cross, 484, 485 , ac. of, 352 Tuniquin, Cross, 484 Turin, 249 Turk cascade, 367 Turk cottage, 367 Turkelly's well, 208 Turk lake, 367 Turk mountain, 367 Turvey, 113, 156; ac, of, 115 Turvey park, 1 1 5 Twelve Pins, 419 Tynagh, 422; Cross, 472 Tynan, 155, 216 -, Cross, 477, 479 bis, 485; ac.of 216 Tyrell's Pass, 303, 306 Cross, 473, 485 Upham, 234 Urlingford, 226, 233, 440 , Cross, 478 ac. of, 228 Urrisbeg mountain, 311 Vallis Salutis, 459 Velvet's Town, Cross, 475 Ventry, 253 V entry Bay, 252 Viewmount, 179 Virginia, 263 ; ac. of, 266 Vow Ferry House, 245 Wall's Town castle, 380 Waringstown, 128, 402 -, ac. of, 128 Warren's point, 235, 444 , ac. of, 4:4i4i Water castle, 227 Waterford, 280, 444, 445, 446 bis, 447 Waterford, Cross, 485 bis, 486 ,ac. of 281 Waterfoot, 326 Watergrass Hill, 188, 248 — , Cross, 480 Wattle bridge, 263 , ac. of, 268 Wells, 449 Wells Town, 285 Westcourt, 184 Westport, 447 ; Cross, 486 528 INDEX. 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