*° ■'<*-, 0^ c'"'-\ '.^<^"% ''** ^ ^, ^^^^ ^. o. ^ ^:#^'^: ^^^ iy' vV-f-^^^ WS '^^ ^^ °^i^^ J %^>.- 'bv" "^0^ :^-V ^'='^ ^^^ ':^\ %^^ '^^^^ "^/^ ^ ?iS3vJ ;^A' x^r. .^°^ .-■?•• V-*', m L^' <^ v^'i^.Xi^*' <^:^""^ By transfto MAR 15 ^S Amawalk £'at< Vorijtown ^ r )Verp\laiick Montrose Crotori Dam .Crugers ^10^ X •■ ^V^m'^^l^^^^'^ 9^ Croto.i Lake Mt.Ivj-/ HaverstrawHlS^im H^ -,- , / G W.Haverstraw''^^' /^^ Pomon Bedford Kitchawan if O ROCK IjJMahwaj' (^ ^ ^ Nanuet ' \/Bardonial . , li|| .Jim ^IMidJaodjPark Park Ridge Pascack i WalJV'ick Pearl , , « ^ . • -- ,„i. - - Elmsford i^i'i West wood! "-" ' ./\W f ///" /Ardsle^ Co|Q«/|lo /Hope ^ jRid{je\\loor N.Milford!]rU > I U/M/Sti, 'iX (Cherry II mjf f h^'^fMllz i^l /"I^JI^yo/nker 0)1] Plu' k ihoe ^ . -yVu K helle Uhit? \^ Queen f>i f \A(iuediut R" 0/4 SECTION 1 jhwoodio o\ / blascoq Lake Hill Mt.Mariod ^Gfenerie i , Aonandale ^t Spring Lake f^ Jockey Hill '^^^ [Barry town Gallatli Mt.Ross l^ine Plains j ° "60 a \i Red Hook < r ^ ,,Vi r _ T^---ette-|l o -z. EddVville, 2 wi O I Monterey o Eighmyville 'Rhinebeck "RhiueclifE ^EockCity „LaFay. Milan o oTtorndale Bulls Head Vhitepor^' Clintondale Glen Sa Jt.Elmo Milton o Cattingtown, a ^larlboro X Wagners ochdale Meadowtoun, Manchester Br Freedom ° ^fi.1 \ Plains Camby Billings Crouse Store o. Milton Ferry ( (nP^' p"^oj ^"^ ^ j La Grange r\ gl (^ w/ Clove Valley i Cliu°ton Pt. f^jjg^ H\ackenslk ^/Arthursburg ,. y, orVshliill Plains 2 Kyer&f^or.o y°,< U oCfiauningville^^^^^.^]^ O ^^ /^ \ " / "^ • -^ ^ , ■"<> Wappingers F^lls \ Xr'lr>v-^ ^^i;\A'h Saville o \ /New n Hamburg ^"^ Hc^eweir ^Clovt Jc. Oc-e ■*« tai, Middlehope '^'>^^{^Jimll((r>C Storm ville >j<^ .V^" iFostertown o -^^ irdnertown **^ i NEWBURGMjl o. eadowV^ /I C/ornwal ■rook rr^N/^ 'Mi/w.Cornwair (J s> l2.y ^^Glenha HMatteawan ''icope^— - E.Fishkill rinkerhofiEville. s ville oHortontow_n_ ,^"^^ fehkill j'^ o Johnsville Farmers ° -— Mills- ^ FishkUl Hook s ,,JV JVIeadsCor.® V jform King Sta. oMcKeel Cor. Dennytown o I Cold Spring ^ N elsonville '' oTravis Cor. Jarrison'i ^ ^ o Ksnl Clifi, (^olfcS Mills o kop^"? ' Carmel, Tompkitfs Cor. J5 Oscawana Co ^ Mahopac Mine Baldwin Ft.Montgomery I New burg. Jc. y'^Iona Id."1 SECTION 2. [/ Jones Pt.^ ,„. ^, , Shrub Oak rHighLands_ _ . ^ ^j gg^son V •o Mohegan ° Cortland V. W .Somers EST bPeekskill Amawalk 'H^ nrc; TROY , Eagle Mill. X, Londonville ^IMii^' °Albia [l r„nA \ A xL /i ^/Mlir South Troy , , ^S^vv tst Albanj '^A'^y^Cen McKownvilir-^^/ ^/M/o" WynantskiU . "^ALBANY ^B^at."'''''^'^'^^'^'"^^ VoorheesviUTt '^^^^ xNon„u,sMlK//^/]fE Albany V ' aralLiiMlle <*«„, f^ WA, Smoky HoIloT Glondale. ** HumphreysviUe ■Li^ingston ^1 ""churchtown ro Glencoe Mills / /,"'"^WI/~ >S J°''°''*-°^° ^X^ Taghkani.-k /QuarryvUle ^ .^nMh '''''"' T^ ^ O. 1^.-^ r ^ '^''^' / Milr ^ ' h^ W.Taghkanlck , / y"^ ^'^^'/ Jf f / i^Ii>l"° / ^"^ i:>^ew Forge L.Unionville / "MU ^ VpBlue «tor8 ^( Saugerties/ _^3«iillZ V^ Clermojlt '^ Weaver HoUow V UWa.akenft|X E"«^« '*^*"°^ Mt.MarhjD //Glascoo |(i^^ Madalin ^r^''^::^. SUver ,.%M^^r^' r.*^' 'f M>i^^-:-::_ Becalmed on the Hudson. 6 THE HUDSON RIVER. We have passed the three hundredth anniversary of Hendrick Hudson's discovery of the river that now bears his name. It matters not whether he was the first European navigator to visit that historic stream; it may have been Roberval in 1542, or French fur- traders in 1540, or Verrazano in 1524, or the Cabots about 1497, or Zeno in 1380, or Madoc in 1170, or Thor- vard and Helgi in 1011, or Thorfinn and Thorvard in 1007, or Thorwald in 1003, or Lief, the son of Eric, in the year 1000, or perhaps some bold navigator or storm- stressed voyager in even earlier years, unknown to tradition and unhonored by history, for there is much dim tradition and historians disagree; but, be that as it may, the first actual explorer of the river of whom we have any authentic account was Hendrick Hudson who, in September, 1609, navigated the ''Haalve- maan" (Half-moon) up its broad stream to a point a little beyond latitude 42^ 18', and that event drew in its wake the train of occurrences that settled and cre- ated the colonies which have become the United States of America. The prow of that vessel has left a broadening wake whose ripples have written an indelible history not only along the Hudson's shores, but have left their imprint on kingdoms over the sea. In that track came the trader, and then the settler with his ax, carving a home out of the wilderness and making a new Nether- land. The fame of the "New Netherland" spread abroad, and the little band of English Puritans which had fled to Holland for refuge, fearing the loss of its national identity in that country, in 1620 followed in the wake of the "Half-moon," intending to settle on Hudson's River; but at the end, driven by stress of weather, they were obliged to abandon their purpose and land near Cape Cod. And thus to the Hudson do we owe the beginning of the colonies which stimulated the settlement and founding of the New World. We might picture the palmy days of the Dutch colony along the "Mauritius River," as it was then called in honor of Prince Maurice, broken at length by the envious greed of England which wrested the sovereignty from the Netherlands; then the long years of gathering storm, brewed by British oppression and mismanagement until its shadow rested over all the colonies, and finally broke in the tempest of the Revolution. Up and down the valley of the Hudson the con- tending armies surged like the ebbing and flowing of its tides, strewing the shores with relics of that period like the flotsam and jetsam of its waters. We can picture the gaudy scarlet-and-gold uniformed regi- ments of the British, with flaunting banners, and martial music beating time for the rhythmic move- ments of the trained soldiers of the king; we can con- trast the simple yeomen in whose breasts burned the fire of patriotism and love of liberty and home, whose uniforms were but the coarse garments of the husband- man as he rushed from the plow to defend his fireside from invasion and himself from virtual slavery. Here is the arena in which was fought no small part of that great conflict, where the soil is enriched with the blood of patriots and the best of Britain's sons; and here in unremembered graves lie the mouldering bones of friend and foe alike. These hills have echoed with the rattle of musketry, the boom of cannon, and the awful din of battle, mixed with the agonized groans of the victims of war and the music of victory; they have also gleamed with the beacon-fires and the ruddy glow of patriot homes burned by a wanton foe. And now that a century and a quarter have passed since those troublous days — days of travail during which was born our infant republic — the progress of our people has been boundless and is nowhere better demonstrated than in this region. Over the course of the httle "vlie-boat" of Hudson, Robert Fulton navigated the '* Clermont," the first successful steam- boat. Here the genius of Samuel F, B. Morse perfected the electric telegraph. This valley was the highway over which was opened and settled most of the great West, and through which to-day is the principal gate- way to that vast region. Up and down its majestic stream ply the swiftest and most magnificent river steamboats ever constructed. Among its hills and dales dwell a vast population, prosperous and happy. It was once the red man's elysium; it is to-day the white man's paradise. Let us follow in the wake of the "Half-moon" and glance at the picturesque grandeur of this river while we recall some of its histott-y and legend. The mag- nificent steamers of the Day Line make the journey in each direction daily on each week-day during the summer season, and from their decks may be had the best view that the tourist may have of the far-famed stream and its places of interest. On the evening of the 12th of September, 1609 Hudson brought his vessel to anchor in the broad bay that is now the harbor of New York. We can imagine that bold commander standing upon the high stern of the ''Half-moon" in the gathering gloom of that autumn day, with folded arms, and pensive gaze fixed upon the fading landscape, dreaming of the riches of the Orient toward which he fondly hoped he had now, discovered a shorter route. But his fondest and most extravagant fancies could have but faintly foreshad- 8 owed :the wealth and^glories that were to follow him. Had fate vouchsafed him but one glance behind the veil that hid the future, and shown him that harbor as it is to-day, he would have seen, not only a route for the costly perfumes and spices of the East, but a great harbor thronged with the commerce of the world, surrounded by a vast population, in its midst the great bronze statue of Liberty whose dimensions surpass Statue of Liberty. those] of the Colossus of Rhodes, which was one^of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Over its eastern approach he would have seen the vast bridges that are greater wonders still, and upon the island that was the home of the simple Manhattoes, a wilderness of buildings that are the triumphs of modern archi- tecture. At the "coming of white men this whole region was inhabited by numerous tribes of Lenapee Indians. Their domains extended from the St. Lawrence on the north to the Carolinas on the south, and from the Atlantic ocean to the valley of the Mississippi — all except a small territory around the great lakes and the region which is now central New York. The Mohicans were a tribe of this great nation and they were the ruling people in the valley of the Hudson. This great river was known far and wide as the Mahi- cannituck, or ''great river of the Mohicans." To the Mingo tribes of the lake region it was spoken of as "Oiogue," or great river, and sometimes as ''Caho- hatatia," or river that flows from the mountains. Shatemuck and Skanektade are also said to have been Indian names for it. To the Lenapees the s>pot where New York now stands was called "Menatan," meaning in their tongue, island. From it, of course, comes the present name Manhattan. Near the very spot from which the steamers of the Day Line begin their trips a Revolutionary line of breast-works extended from Desbrosses street along Greenwich to Hubert, and along Hubert to the river bank, and thence south to the Grenadier's Battery, which stood about at Franklin street. Just back of this stood the "Brew House," also fortified. Guarding the water front below w^ere the Jersey battery, Mc- Dougall's Battery, Oyster Batter}^, and intervening earthworks, while on the site of the present Battery Park stood Fort George, which was the principal military works on the island. This fortification stood on the spot formerly occupied by Fort Amsterdam, which was the chief military post of the Dutch colo- nists. In the time of Peter Stuyvesant this was a scfuare earthworks lined with planks, with four bas- tions, enclosing the barracks and the governor's house. Nearby, on a slight elevation, stood the old company windmill, whose sails acted as a sort of barometer for the simple colonists, for they had an ordinance regu- lating the trips of the ferry to such times as it might be in operation, and if the wind was too strong for the the mill to run the ferryman need not cross. Many of the labors of the day were regulated by its movement. As the steamer leaves her pier, to the west the rocky eminence at Weehawken marks the spot where Hamil- ton fell mortally wounded in a duel with Burr, and stretching away to the north for twenty-three miles the picturesque Palisades form a perpendicular wall of rock varying in height from fifty to six hundred feet. This great wall of volcanic rock, pushed up through the earth's crust by some convulsion of nature, exposes a serrated edge of fantastic forms, crowned with verdure. Among their rocky crags was the site of Fort Lee, from whose ramparts Washington witnessed the bloody battle of the 15th and 16th of November, 1776, when the British captured Fort Washington and its surrounding works. This was one of the fiercest battles of the Revolution, Fort Washington com- manded Washington Point and just above were Forts Tryon and Cock Hill, protected in the rear by Fort George. These were held by the American forces under Colonel Magaw, with about 2,000 men . Sir William Howe with a force of about 5,000 men began an attack upon these on the 15th of November, which culminated in a victory for the British soon after noon of the following day. Word being sent to General Washington at Hackensack, he hastened to Fort Lee and there, with his general officers gathered around him, on the heights across the river, he was an eye- witness of the slaughter and final defeat of the patriot forces. Fort Lee was immediately abandoned, but before its stores could be removed a large part of them, as well as the mounted cannon, were captured by Corn- wallis, who had crossed the river with 6,000 men. This retreat of Washington led to his famous recrossing of the Delaware among the ice floes a month later. 11 Across the river from Washington Point to the rocks ^11 -^^^^ ^^® stretched -a chevaux-de-jrise, and on the bluff over the railroad station at Spiiyten Duvvil was another Continental fort called Independence. On the eastern shore, where once the' modest homes of the settlers lay hidden in the foliage of the primitive forest, are now the modern palaces and castles of men richer than even Croesus was fabled to be, strongly contrasting with the crumbling ruins that lie half- buried beside the rivers over the sea. Here, also con- tending with wealth, history vies with legend and art to lend interest to the locality. Yonkers perpetuates the name of Adriaen Van der Donck, who was the first lawyer in the Dutch colony He came m 1642 in a ship of patroon Killian Van Kensselaer, and settling here and living with some pretense of style, his estate came to be called ''de On the Day Line. The Phillipse Manor House, Yonkers. jonkheer's landt," or the 3'oung gentleman's land, which has been corrupted to the present name Yonkers Here also, m the center of the city, stands the old rhillipse mansion, once the home of Mary Phillipse whom Washington is said to have sought in marriage' and who was one ;of the few women who were attained ot treason during our war for independence, whose property was confiscated bv the government. In front of the city, in 1777, occurred a naval engage- ment between the American gunboats 'and the British trigates Rose and Phoenix, in which the former were deteated and compelled to seek safety in the mouth of the Sawkill (now Nepperhan Creek). We can recall Washington Irving's description of the lappan Zee, "whose wide extended shores present 12 a vast variety of delectable scenery — here the bold promontory, crowned with embowering trees, ad- vancing into the bay — there the long woodland slope, sweeping up from the shore in rich luxuriance, and terminating in the upland precipice — while at a dis- tance a long, waving line of rocky heights threw their gigantic shades across the water." The genius of Irving has done much to endear to us the valley of the Hudson. "I thank God I was born on its banks," he wrote, "and I fancy I can trace much of what is good and pleasant in my own hetero- geneous compound to my early companionship with this glorious river. I admired its frank, bold, honest character; its noble sincerity and perfect truth. Here was no specious, smiling surface, covering the danger- ous sandbar or perfidious rock; but a stream deep as it was broad, and bearing with honorable faith the bark that trusted to its waves." Tarrytown is built upon the site of a former Indian village called Alipconck, which was said to mean place of elms, but which more likely means place of the hollow or valley. The present name seems to come from the Dutch and means ''wheat-town," as tarwe is Dutch for wheat. Here, where the Pocantico murmurs its way between wooded hills to join the Hudson, is the spot of which Irving wrote: "If ever I should wish for a retreat, whither I might steal from the world and its distrac- tions, and dream aw^ay the remnant of a troubled life, I know of none more promising than this little valley. A small brook glides through it, with just murmur enough to lull one to repose; and the occasional whistle of a quail, or tapping of a woodpecker, is almost the only sound that ever breaks in upon the uniform tran- quility. A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land and to pervade the very atmosphere." In this very spot lies all that is mortal of him who penned the above. His resting place is in the old burying-ground he made famous by his Legend of Sleepy Hollow. The old Dutch church, built in 1699, or probably a few years before, is still standing near the location of the bridge across which we have a picture of Ichabod fleeing from the headless horseman. The former residence of the genial author lies at the other end of the village and was well named by him "Sunnyside." During the revolutionary period it was owned and occupied by Jacob Van Tassel and was called Wolfert's Roost. Van Tassel and his associates who were the acknowledged defenders of the neighbor- hood against the depredations of the Cowboy and Skinner marauders, used the place as headquarters and as a garrison, and also maintained from it a part of the water guard of the river. The classic walls of the old house still stand embowered among stately trees, hallowed by the voice of traditionary history and consecrated by the presence of true genius. 13 Nearby is a spot where a monument marks the placs of capture of the unfortunate Andre, and just across the river is still standing an old stone tavern which was used as his prison-house until his execution upon a hill in its rear. Here also is the old dT.elling used as a headquarters by Washington and his officers during the court-martial. Leaving astern the Tappan Zee the steamer veers slightly to the west and passing close to Hook ]\lountain {Verdrietig Hoek), or Tedious Mountain, eiiters the narrow strait off Teller's Point where, on the night of September 21, 1780, the British sloop-of-war "Vulture" lay awaiting the return of Major Andre from his con- ference with the traitor Arnold. Early in the morning the sentry at the fort on Verplanck's Point discovered the vessel at anchor off Teller's Point. Colonel Liv- ingston immediately sent a small detachment with a four-pounder to harass it from that point, and so well did they accomplish their commission that the sloop was obliged to fall down stream, badly damaged. This incident led to the capture of Andre, though Livingston had no idea that he was accomplishing anything beyond harassing a vessel of the enemy. Andre was compelled to attempt a return to the British lines by land, and the result is well known. To the west of Haverstraw Bay and a little north of the village of Haverstraw, standing upon a hill com- manding a full view of the bay and the anchorage of the "Vulture," still stands the Joshua Hett Smith house. "Treason Hill" is well named, for here the conference between Arnold and Andre was brought to a close, the price of treason fixed and every detail settled for the betrayal of the cause of Liberty. In the upper front room these two passed the day haggling over the price of treason. All that long September day nearly the whole theatre of the tragedy of which they were the principal actors, lay spread out before them from the windows of the room they occupied. They could see Livingston's httle band open fire upon the "Vulture" and compel her to flee. The hills to the north shut in the fortifications about West Point, for the treacherous betrayal of which they were nego- tiating. In front, over across the broad expanse of the bay down which Arnold was to hasten in flight within forty-eight hours, lay the road over which Andre was to travel to captivity and doom on the morrow. A little to the south the hills revealed the spot where capture awaited him but the beethng cliffs of Hook Mountain shut out the location of the closing scenes. On September 14, 1609, the little vlie-boat bearing the dauntlessexplorer, Hendrick Hudson, and his crew, "the morning being faire, the wind South-east, sayled vp the Riuer twelue leagues and came to a Straight betweene two Points, and it trended North-east by North, one league." The^quotation is from the log-book of the "Half- 15 1 -{s^^'^-m^ ' ^ -^-i moon" and is the earliest historical reference to Ver- planck's Point. The next reference we find is from the same source and is a graphic picture of the first tragedy marking the beginning of the extermination of the red man by his white brother in the valley that by tradition was his elysium. "The first of October, faire weather, the wind variable betweene the West and the North. In the Morning we weighed at seuen of the clocke with the ebbe, and got down below the Mountaynes, which was seuen leagues. Then it fell calme and the people of the Mountaynes came aboord vs, wondering at our ship and weapons. We bought some small skinnes of them for Trifles. This after- noone, one Canoe kept hanging vnder our sterne with one man in it, which we could not keepe from thence, who got vp by our Rudder to the Cabin window, and stole out my Pillow, and two Shirts, and two Bande- leeres. Our Masters Mate shot at him, and strooke him on the brest, and killed him. Whereupon all the rest fled away, some in their Canoes, and so leapt out of them into the water. We manned our boat, and got our things againe. Then one of them that swamme got hold of our Boat, thinking to ouerthrow it. But our Cooke tooke a Sword, and cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned. By this time the ebbe was come, and we weighed and got downe two leagues, by the time it was darke. So we anchored in foure fathomes water, and rode well." The above happened on the return of the "Half- moon" down the river, and this was the first Indian blood shed by white men in the valley of the Hudson. At this time the territorj^ on the east side of the river ^^^^^^^^^&^SSnS!>' . ..^ H-^B On the Day Line. Anthony's Nose. 17 extending from Croton to Anthony's Nose was occupied by the Kitchawongs, a tribe of Algonquin or Lenapee Indians, and what is now Verplanck's Point was called by them ''Menaghen," meaning literally "small island." though it really is not separated from the mainland. In 1683 the natives sold this as part of a larger tract to Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and from him it descended to his son Johannes, whose only child, a daughter, married Philip Verplanck, from whom it takes its present name. During the colonial period the point was traversed by the King's Highway, a very important route be- tween the northern and middle colonies. Here, too, was the King's Ferry, operated by rowboats and a ferry-sloop. \\Tien the Revolutionary War broke out this was a strategic position of great importance to both armies, for it commanded the southernmost defile of the Hud- son, up which access must be had to nearly the whole of the colony of New York, and the territory tributary to it. As early as October, 1775, both the Continental Congress and the Provincial Congress of New York, discussed plans for, and appointed a commission to attend to, fortifying this spot. The first defenses on the point, erected early in the year 1777, were slight breastworks defended by two twelve-pounder cannon. On Sunday, October 5th of that year, the British landed here preparatory to their attack on forts Montgomery and Clinton. At the approach of so large a body of the enemy the little garrison assigned to defend that point discharged their pieces and fled to Peekskill, saving in their flight one of their cannon. After the British had destro3^ed the highland fortifi- cations and obstructions upon which the Americans had expended vast sums of money, and had sent a detachment further up the river which had burned Esopus, they returned to New York, abandoning all the advantage they had gained. At that very time Burgoyne was suffering defeat at Bemis Heights while awaiting their help from below. The works on Verplanck's were subsequently strengthened by the Americans and Stony Point, across the river, was also fortified. Again a strong body of the British attacked these forts on June 1, 1779, but the works on Stony Point, being incomplete, were abandoned by the Americans and a blockhouse upon its summit burned to prevent its use by the enemy. At that time the works on Verplanck's, which were called Fort LaFayette, w^ere small but complete. They were enclosed with palisades, had a double ditch, chevaux-de-frise, abbatis and a block- house in the center which was bombproof. It was garrisoned by only seventy men who made a most gallant resistance, opposed by an enemy who invested them in great numbers on all sides by land, and bom- 18 barded them from galleys in the river and from bat- teries on Stony Point. ,« This latter position being at a greater elevation the fire was directed into their very fort. Unable to cope with these great odds, and re- treat being cut off across the neck of land by a con- siderable body of men under General Vaughn, they were obliged to surrender, under a promise of good usage. The subsequent recapture of Stony Point by "Mad" Anthony Wayne on the night of the 15th of the follow- ing month forms one of the brightest pages of our history; but the tardiness of Major-General Robert Howe, who was sent to co-operate with him in the capture of Verplanck's Point, prevented a surprise of that garrison, and defeated the plans of Washington, compelling Wayne to abandon his captured position after he had destroyed as much of it as he could. The British soon abandoned both these posts after adding greatly to their strength, when they again passed into the hands of the Americans. For more than fifty years historians have agreed in stating that nothing remained of the Revolutionary works upon Verplanck's Point except traces of the earthworks on the brow of the hill; and in fact the oldest residents of the vicinity and local students of history have expressed the same opinion. - But down on the end of the Point, close beside the road that still follows the old King's Highway, and very near to the landing-place of the King's Ferry, is still standing part of an old ruined wall. It is mas- sive and thick and pierced with long perpendicular portholes that are narrow on the outside and wide inside. Careful inquiry among the oldest residents of the vicinity fails to elicit any information except that the old wall has been there longer than recollection can trace it. Its position and construction lead to the belief that it was erected as a shore-battery to com- mand the water-front and the highway and ferry to prevent a landing of troops, while the stronger works upon the higher ground in the rear served as a pro- tection to it. In 1836 this point was plotted to sell in building-lots, and elaborate plans were projected for a thriving town. On maps of that plot the position of these ruins is marked "The Battery," showing that the projectors knew of a battery being located there. And now, as the steamer enters the highland region, what need is there of relating incidents of history or of indicating places of interest when the whole region is picturesque and grand beyond description,"- and of itself so imposing as to hold the attention of even those who are the most wanting in admiration for the grand and beautiful in nature? But when added to this natural attractiveness of scenery we have a locality crowded with historic association of that period of our 21 country when patriotism burned as a flame that con- sumed, and loyalty to the cause of freedom called forth deeds of heroism and personal sacrifice such as the world has rarely known, where everv spot recalls the memory of such patriots as Washington, Putnam, LaFavette, Schuyler, Greene, Kosciuszko, Steuben, and the many others who with them made our country a land of freedom; expression is dumb and description feeble. This region has always inspired mankind with emo- tions of awe, for many are the tales of supernatural deeds that are said to have been done within its limits: and to the early Dutch navigators it was a region of dread which was under the domain of mischievous beings who took a peculiar delight in venting their spleen and indulging their humors upon and bothering them with flaws and head-winds, counter-currents and all kinds of impediments. Some believed these mis- chievous powers to be evil spirits conjured up by the Indian wizards to revenge themselves on the strangers who had dispossessed them. The Indians believed these mountains were raised bv the mighty spirit Manetho, to protect his favorite abodes from the unhallowed eyes of mortals, and that before the Hudson poured its waters through them they formed a vast prison within whose rocky bosom he confined the rebellious spirits who repined at his con- trol; that here, jammed in rifted pines or crushed bv ponderous rocks, they groaned for ages, until at length the conquering Hudson burst open their prison-house, rolling a might}'- tide triumphantly through the stu- pendous ruins. '""What is usuallv called the "Southern Gateway to the Highlands" is formed bv Dunderberg (Thunder Mountain") on the west and Manito Mountain on the east, which rise in rocky heights over a thousand feet above the river. The Creator made no mistakes in His architecture when He formed this region; the stupendous grandeur is nowhere slighted, and the profound magnitude of His works, although inspiring awe. are sublimelv beautiful. These sreat mountains and hills are set with a rugged grace that cannot but influence the beholder to feel that Nature outdoes Art and that the latter makes but an imperfect attempt at reproducing her perfections. Although man cannot suggest the change of a single setting of the Creator's handiwork in this region that would add to the effect, vet its natural position hasbeen such that manv events have transpired within its limits which embellish its scenes with their memory; and thus thoush unable to add to its scenic efl"ect, he has added a halo of glory to it that will shine brightly until the world forgets to love freedom and to revere the spots where patriots bought it with heroism and with blood. The ruins of Revolutionary fortifications are scat- tered in great profusion through the Highlands, but 24 d fe' as their construction was for the most part of earth, their remains are only to be distinguished by a close examination of the places where they stood, but much still remains to reward the visitor for his time if he cares to search them out. Fort Independence stood at the base of Manito Moun- tain, commanding the narrow entrance to the High- lands. A little further on, where Peploap's Kill brings down to the Hudson the waters from Bear Mountain, stood Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery, on either side of the ravine formed by its mouth. From here across to Anthony's Nose were stretched a heavy wooden boom linked together with iron links and buoyed by wooden rafts, and a heavy iron chain also secured in the same manner. Besides these the channel was obstructed by a chevaux-de-frise. On October 6, 1777, these forts were taken by the British, and here on that night the Americans burned two frigates, two galleys and an armed sloop to prevent their capture by the enemy. Says Stedman, "The flames suddenly broke forth, and, as every sail was set, the vessels soon became magnificent pyramids of fire. The reflection on the steep face of the opposite mountain, and the long train of ruddy light which shone upon the water for a prodigious distance, had a wonderful effect; while the ear was awfully filled with the continued echoes from the rocky shores as the flames gradually reached the loaded cannons. The whole was sublimely termi- nated by the explosions, which left all again in dark- ness." On the following morning the enemy destroyed the obstructions in the river which had cost the Amer- icans a quarter of a million dollars. Fort Constitution upon the island opposite West Point was abandoned, and Vaughan and Wallace sailed up the river on a marauding expedition during which they burned Esopus. Here, also, near Fort Montgomery, "Captain Molly " Pitcher, the heroine of the battle of Monmouth, lived and died. Time, decay, and the march of improvement are ruthlessly destroying relic after relic in this region, and one of the last to pass from our observation is the Beverly Robinson House, which was situated at the foot of Sugar Loaf Mountain, about three-fourths of a mile from Beverly Dock, near Garrisons. The wife of Colonel Robinson was a daughter of Frederick Phillipse and, as the Colonel and General Washington were close personal friends before the war, it was at this house where Washington met and fell in love with Mary Phillipse. This was also Arnold's headquarters after he secured the command of West Point with the purpose of betraying it to the British, and it was here that he matured his nefarious plans and abandoned his wife on receiving news of the capture of Andre. The house was also used as a hospital for the American army, as it was large and roomy, and its farm and gardens very extensive and productive. 27 And now, the bold promontory to the west, rising more than a hundred and fifty feet above the waters of the river, crowned with noble buildings, brings to mind other reminiscences. West Point! Cradle of War; nursery of heroes; school of an army that has never known defeat; what names does it recall of illustrious men now slumbering in the dreamless sleep of the dead! Let memory also recall the nameless heroes, who for their love of country and the righteous cause of freedom, withstood priva- tions and labored undaunted by suffering, to here erect a barrier against the foes of liberty: — '• Nor j^ou, ye proud, impute to these the fault, If Mem'ry o'er their tomb no trophies raise,'' for they were but the individuals comprising the rank and file of the army, and it was their courage and their brawn and muscle, though guided by illustrious leaders, that raised the banner of Freedom over our land. While they were constructing these works, in January, 1778, General Putnam, then in charge, wrote to Wash- ington: — -"Dubois's regiment is unfit to be ordered on dwty, there being not one blanket in the regiment. Very few have either a shoe or a shirt, and most of them have neither stockings, breeches, or overalls. Several companies of inlisted artificers are in the same situa- tion, and unable to work in the field." The first fort built here was commenced in August, 1775, by direction of the Provincial Assembly at New York. It was called Fort Constitution and was erected on the rocky island across from West Point now called Constitution Island. In April, 1778, Fort Clinton was completed on West Point and soon after Fort Putnam, upon Mt. Independence, was built to command the lower forts, and very soon thereafter forts Webb and Wyllys were thrown up as outer works to protect Fort Putnam. A chain and obstructions were also placed across the river at this point, just as those lower down at Fort Montgomery were placed, to obstruct navigation. All of the fortifications are in ruins now, except Fort Clinton; and the gray ruins of old Putnam stand- ing out in strong relief against the green background of mountain are a silent reproach for the neglect that has allowed it to decay. All these, and more, speak w^ith siren tongue to lure the traveler and historian; but it is not by these asso- ciations alone that the stranger is moved with strong emotions when approaching West Point; for, indeed, one all unmindful of the past or utterly indifferent to our history cannot but feel a glow of admiration as he courses along the sinuous channel of this portion of the river, or climbs the rough hills that embosom it. To the uninitiated Constitution Island seems to block the river completely and leave no passage beyond, but as the boat nears the apparent obstruction and seems 28 about to run upon it, a circuitous passage is seen to open to the west around the island, and the vista opened to the eye is rarely beautiful. Stretching away to the north the blue water seems to lose itself among the hills that lie beyond; indistinct in the distance, through the opening in the mountains is seen the city of Newburgh, while on one hand Taurus and Break- neck stand guard, and on the other Storm King and Cro'nest. This locality has had a wonderful attraction for lit- erary men; Poe neglected his duties as a cadet at West Point to wander among these mountains and drink in inspiration for the literary productions that afterward made him famous; Geo. P. Morris had his summer home under the shadow of Taurus, and nowhere in this broad land was there a more appropriate spot for the home of an American song-writer, " Where Hudson's waves o'er silvery sands Wind through the hills afar, And Cro' Nest like a monarch stands Crov^^n'd with a single star.'' [morris.] Here was the inspiration for Joseph Rodman Drake when, on a temporary visit to Cold Spring, he wrote under its spell " The Culprit Fay,^' and before summon- ing ''Ouphe and goblin, imp and sprite," he thus de- scribes the scene: — " The moon looks down on old Cro' Nest ; She mellows the shades on his shaggy breast, And seems his huge graj' form to throw In a silver cone on the wave below. His sides are broken by spots of shade, By the walnut bough and the cedar made; And through their clustering branches dark Glimmers and dies the firefly's spark,— Like starry twinkles that momently break Through the rifts of the gathering tempest's rack." ( Where may we find more classic surroundings than these, where N. P. Willis, James K. Paulding, Gulian C. Verplanck, E. P. Roe, Miss Warner, Henry Ward Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and many others have toiled among their books? As the shores of Newburgh Bay begin to spread on either hand, and we look back over the steamer's wake at the rocky piles we are leaving, we perceive that, like their gateway at the south, the Highlands also have a gateway at the north, whose posts are Breakneck on the east, and Storm King on the west; each in altitude more than 1,500 feet. Here again new scenes remind us of their accom- paniment of incident, for it is ever thus with the Hud- son; though we may contemplate its deepest grandeur or brightest aspect, we always find it surrounded with interest or hallowed by memories of events that cluster around it. Plum Point, New Windsor, the Beacon Hills, Fishkill and Newburgh, — how they crowd the memory with tales of the past until we fancy we can again see the beacon fires flash up from peak to peak 29 r s=j !• - iBJ k- Usi r:. fe-.^ and a ruddy glow mantle the most distant hilltop, while the boom of the alarm gun as it echoes from mountain to mountain and shore to shore seems to die away in a distant murmur up the valley. ;^^ Here at Newburgh was Washington's headquarters^ while the Continental army was quartered in the valley, and it is now maintained by the State as a Museum of Revolutionary Relics, and as nearly as possible as it appeared in the era of the Revolution. The Verplanck mansion, which stands embowered in a grove of locust trees on the bluff just north of Fish- kill, was owned by Samuel Verplanck, Esq., during the Revolution, and was for a time the headquarters of Baron Steuben when the American army was en- camped in the vicinity of Newburgh. Here was also organized the Society of the Cincinnati, an organization named in veneration of the illustrious Roman, Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus, whose members were the gen- erals and other officers of the American army; they being resolved to follow his example by returning to civil life when the war was closed. The surrounding mountains were the haunts of Enoch Crosby, an American spy of the Revolution, whose exploits have been so interestingly told by Cooper in his tale. The Spy, and the old Wharton house, around which the thread of the tale was woven, is still standing at Old Fishkill. Livingston Manor-Housb at Poughkeepsie. 33 On the southern outskirts of Poughkeepsiej^on the river bank,, surrounded by a grove of locust trees, stands the manor house of Henry Livingston, which was built in 1714. -•When the British squadron ascended the river after the capture of Forts Clinton and Montgomery, this house presented too fair a target to escape damage, as the scars which still remain upon it from the cannon of Vaughan and Wallace will show. This place has recently been much changed, owing to the demand of its owners that it be made useful, and around it now stand smoking furnaces and heaps of scrap-iron, while the only portion of the house that remains is used as the business office of its owners; however, that portion remains still in its original condition, and the scars left by the cannon balls still show. And now the river begins to put on a new aspect and the more rugged mountain scenery to give way to hills that are covered by fruitful orchards and vineyards that yearly pour their bounty into the lap of man, while away in the distance the blue peaks of the Cats- kills beckon us to their region of enchantment. Where further down, the river tourist feels that thrill of emo- tion that always animates the breast of man when in the presence of the Creator's grandest works, here, where the noble stream pursues more quiet ways, he begins to feel the influence of restful drowsiness that seems always to have thrown its spell over the region of the Catskills. In the early days of the settlements along the river, while the savage still roamed the hills in search of game to supply fur to the traders, the colonists seem to have gathered in only three localities — around Fort Orange, New Amsterdam and Esopus, At the latter place in 1614 a little ronduit, or fort, was built as a trading post at the mouth of the creek, or kill, and in time this creek became known as the Ronduit Kill, finally becoming corrupted to Rondout. A little settlement grew up around the fort, and later another sprang up on the higher lands which was called Wiltwyck. The Esopus Indians occupied the adjoining country, and becoming jealous of the encroachments of the whites, they fell upon the settlement in 1663 while the men were at work in the fields, and killed or carried into captivity sixty-five persons. Toward the end of the century the settlement received a valuable accession by the arrival of a company of Huguenots who had fled from persecution in France to America. From this settlement has grown the city of Kingston. After the adoption of the Declaration of Independ- ence in 1776 the "Convention of Representatives of the State of New York" met to formulate and adopt a State Constitution. Owing to the unsettled condition of the country and the exigencies of war this assembly, after meeting successively in New York, Harlaem, White Plains, Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, finally settled 34 at Kingston, and there finished their labors and adopted the first Constitution of the State of New York on the 20th of April, 1777. This place suffered much from , the Indians and Tories during the Revolution, and when it became so presumptuous as to harbor rebel legislators, it was marked for severe chastisement by the enemy. Accordingly when Sir James Wallace and General Vaughan sailed up the river with a fleet and 3,600 men, in the autumn of the same year, they burned and pillaged the city until hardly a house was left standing; but a protecting hand seems to have been over the old Senate House, for it remained unharmed among the ruins, and still stands, the pride of the city. In the year 1839 President Van Buren sent that noted explorer, John L. Stephens, on a diplomatic errand to Central America. His diplomatic appoint- ment was for a specific purpose, not requiring his resi- dence at the capital, and the object of his mission being fulfilled or failing, he was at liberty to travel. As a result of that expedition he gave to the world two volumes of absorbing interest to the student, describing in much detail many of the remains of cities, temples and idols which he visited, which proved beyond a doubt that a portion of our continent was inhabited by a highly civilized race long before it was discovered by Europeans. Upon his return he brought with him some specimens of the stone carvings of the region. Upon Cruger's island, a little south of Tivoli, he recon- structed one of their arched temples and placed therein the stone carvings. This ruins stands hidden among the trees at the south end of the island, plainly visible from the steamers that ply the river. Here, too, in the little bay back of the island, Chan- cellor Livingston conducted the early experiments that culminated ten years later in the building of the "Clermont," the firstpractical steamboat. This vessel was built at Brown's shipyard, in New York. She was 100 feet long and was propelled by a steam engine constructed by Watt and Bolton, in England, and made the trip from New York to Albany in thirty-six hours, the fare being seven dollars, exclusive of meals. The present year, 1909, marks the celebration of that event, and what a contrast there is in the steamboats of to-day! Historians have given Livingston little credit for the part he took in that achievement, but his years of study and experiment and the liberal use of his gen- erous fortune made it possible for Fulton to perfect the steamboat. To give Robert Fulton full credit for the ''Clermont" we need not take from the name of Liv- ingston the praise that is due, nor need we forget what Fitch and Rumsey accomplished. ^ The long line of blue mountains which here skirt the river to the west have always exerted a mysterious charm beyond their attractiveness to the eye, for they are the very domain of the fanciful and supernatural. 36 From the long, long ago, out of the dim past from whence come only the echoes of the far-away voices of a vanished people, the legend of Minne-wa-wa, the old squaw of the mountains, is borne to us in broken but harmonious fragments, which, when collected and properly joined, form a tale of indescribable beauty and pathos. The Mohicans were the direct descendants of the Great Spirit; the nation of noble blood, in the veins of whose chiefs coursed the uncontaminated blood of the great father of the red men. ,^4 Ages before the white men came among them their ancestors had lived in a far-off country to the west, beyond the mighty rivers and mountains, at a place where the waters constantly moved to and fro. In the belief that there existed away toward the rising sun a red man's paradise — a land of deer and salmon and beaver — they had traveled on toward the east and south to find it; but they were scourged and divided by famine so that it was not until after long and weary journeyings, during which many, many moons had passed, that they came at length to the broad and beautiful valley of the Hudson, whose bosom forever ebbed and flowed like the waters from whose shores they had come; and here amidst a profusion of game and fish, they rested and found that Indian Elysium of which they had dreamed before they left their own homes in the land of the setting sun. :1.'J Among them came Minne-wa-wa, the pleasant voice; the mother of their chief who was called the Evening Star and who had for his wife Wa-bun An-nung, the morning star; their son was named Osseo, or son of the evening star. ^- Soon after they settled in these pleasant hunting grounds, Osseo and his father, while chasing the red- deer among the blue mountains that lie to the west of the sparkling river, were overtaken by Mishe-mokwa, the great naked bear, and destroyed. Wa-bun An-nung in her great sorrow wandered away from the village to the east, and was taken by the Puk-wud-jin-inies, the little vanishing men of the woods who are seen as night approaches, and sus- pended in the eastern sky, where she became the morning star. Minne-wa-wa, bereft of all kindred, betook herself to the western mountains to grieve in solitude near the spot from whence her loved ones had vanished. As time, that great healer of human woes, somewhat assuaged her grief, her heart beat only for the subjects of her lost son, and her greatest desire was for the welfare of her people; and fearing lest some others of the tribe might be overtaken in the darkness by Mishe- mokwa, she gave to the little swamp-flies, Wah-wah- tay-see, the wee lamps which at night they flash here and there among the bushes, that they might reveal the monster should he be lurking near to devour. But 37 perceiving that the Wah-wah-tay-see would be of service only in the damp hollows which they frequented, and under the shadows of the dense trees and thick bushes, she climbed the mountain, and from the highest peak hung in the western sky the crescent bow of the lost Evening Star, to which she gave light and which became the moon. The Great Spirit, seeing that this was good for her people and that she of all others held their welfare in highest esteem, changed her into an immortal spirit and gav^e her the vast mountain for a lodge, in which was the great treasury of storm and sunshine for the region of the Hudson, and gave her also the dispensing of it for all time. Here she kept Day and Night shut up, letting out only one of them at a time. Monthly she came from her dwelling and hung the crescent new moon in the western sky, over the mountains, and so placed it as to signal to her people before she was about to send out the cooling showers to water the maize-fields and freshen the springs and parched herbage; for, if she so hung it that the lower horn of the crescent was elevated suffi- ciently to hang upon it the bow and quiver of the hunter, then was the hunting at an end for a season and her people were to keep to their lodges and wigwams. After hanging forth the signal that all might see it she would stand on the mountain top and shake from the folds of her mantle the drifting rain-clouds, and blow them over the vallc}^ with her breath. Sometimes she would weave them out of cobwebs, gossamers and morning dew, and send them off, flake after flake, to float in the air and give light summer showers. When the people had done that which displeased her she would brew up black thunder storms, and send down drenching rains to swell the streams and sweep every thing away, and with them the thunder of her voice and the lightning flashes from her eyes. ^''Thus did Minne-wa-wa become the guardian of the Mohican people, ever ministering to their good, sending the rain to moisten the maize-fields, and water the hills that the herbage might grow and keep the game in abundance for them. Monthly she hung up the new moon, and as often cut up the old and scattered the little pieces throughout the heavens, and made of them the little stars whose lamps she lighted nightly. Somewhere among these blue peaks — the little Dutch children were taught to believe — ^was the enchanted dwelling of the good St. Nicholas. How many childish hearts have been gladdened by that poem of Clement C. Moore, as, gathered about the hearth-stone on "the night before Christmas, when all through t,^ the house Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse," they have listened with wondering eyes and expectant faces to his pretty tale about good St. Nicholas, with his reindeer and his sleigh full of toys! 38 t ■■■ ' - . ''!^^i^4-!!!f^^^^^'T^^^^^H l^i^^ « . Distant Catskills from Hudson. This poem, dear to the hearts of all children, and to all who have been children, was written in the old Webb mansion at Claverack, just back of Hudson, and in full view of these glorious mountains. It was in this neighborhood that Hudson found the "very loving people, and very old men," and it was over these scenes that Bayard Taylor looked from the mountains when he wrote: ''It was a quarter of an hour before sunset, perhaps the best moment of the day for the Catskill panorama. The shadows of the mountain-tops reached nearly to the Hudson, while the sun, shining directly down the clove, interposed a thin wedge of golden luster between. The farm houses on a thousand hills beyond the river sparkled in the glow, and the Berkshire Mountains swam in a luminous, rosy mist. The shadows strode eastward at the rate of a league a minute as we gazed; the forests darkened, the wheat-fields became brown, and the houses glim- mered like extinguished stars. The cold north wind blew, roaring in the pines, the last lurid purple faded away from the distant hills, and in half an hour the world below was as dark and strange and spectral as if it were an unknown planet we were passing on our journey through space." rv,These scenes have evoked fthe pen-painting of a multitude of both native and foreign authors of wide reputation, but with all their skill their pictures are but faint outlines of the grand and almost sublime landscapes that have stretched before them. It is beyond the power of words to aptly describe them, and much of the delicate coloring that appeals to the onlooker is due to an intangible, delicate thrill that creeps over the senses in their presence. 39 mwFm i ^a ^i S i 1 ""^i ^S^ ""^^i" f * 1 «■ H3; IS 1 : ■ i«n w~^, i>«s #<- 1 K iSii Sw Si%' 1 ■ 1 Cooper puts into the mouth of Leather-Stocg akin long and beautiful eulogy of these same scenes, and from the same point of observation as Taylor. Charles Dickens, that student and delineator of men, whose eyes, if we might judge from his writings, were little attracted by the beautiful in nature, when on his journey to the Lebanon Shakers, in his hunt after the curious among mankind, seems to have been held by the beauty he saw, long enough to observe, "and for many miles the Kaatskill Mountains towered in the blue distance, like stately clouds." Washington Irving's legend of Rip Van Winkle has become a classic and these same blue Catskills were its inspiration. mm^^^^f^:t-^^^v.^^^^mm^s£^- Stockport Bay from Hudson. Where the creek at Stockport mingles its waters with the Hudson was once a Mohican village. We have Hendrick Hudson's own description of his visit here. After stating that it was in latitude 42° 18' he says: "I sailed to the shore in one of their canoes with an old man, who was the chief of a tribe consisting of forty men and seventeen women; these I saw there in a house well constructed of oak-bark, and circular in shape, so that it had the appearance of being built with an arched roof. It contained a great quantity of maize or Indian corn and beans of the last 3^ear's growth, and there lay near the house for the purpose of drying enough to load three ships, besides what was growing in the fields. On our coming into the house, two mats were spread out to sit upon, and immediately some food was served in well-made red wooden bowls; two men were also despatched at once with bows and arrows in quest of game, who soon after brought in a pair of pigeons which they had shot. They 42 likewise killed a fat dog, and skinned it in great haste with shells which they had got out of the water. They supposed that I would remain with them for the night, but I returned after a short time on board the ship. The land is the finest for cultivation that I ever in my life set foot upon, and it also abounds in trees of every description. The natives are a very good people, for when they saw that I would not remain, they sup- posed that I was afraid of their bows, and taking the arrows, they broke them in pieces and threw them in the fire." The ''Half-moon" never went but six miles beyond this point, although it is commonly stated that Albany was the highest place reached. Here it was that Hudson and his crew plied the savages with liquor, an event that is usually located on Manhattan island, some historians even stating that the name Manhattan means "island of drunkenness." The jutting rocks of Baeren Island still remind us of the fortification of Rensselaerstein and its doughty commander, Nicholas Koren, who in early times com- pelled each passing vessel to lower its colors and pay a tax for the benefit of the patroon Van Rensselaer. Those who are blessed with a vein of humor in their make-up would do well to read Irving's description of how Anthony the Trumpeter was sent by William the Testy with a proclamation to the garrison, and how upon his return to Manhattoe with the reph^ of Koren, he set all the inhabitants of that worthy borough waggling their fingers in front of their noses and specu- lating as to what this new sign in diplomatic converse could signify. The rumor has long been rife that Captain Kidd buried his treasure upon this island and that the person who could find the magic tooth that he lost would have the means whereby to unearth the vast stores of gold. Here is the Vale of Tawasentha, once the home of the sweet singer Nawadaha, whose weird traditions were the theme of Longfellow's "Song of Hiawatha." Where this valley discharges its waters into the Hudson, on a hill called Tawassgunchee, commanding a view of the beautiful river-valley for miles in each direction, in 1618, was concluded the treaty between the Dutch and the Five Nations, which was never broken to the time the English took the reins of govern- ment in 1664. What an impressive scene it must have been; what a theme for the artist! At one end the belt of peace was held fast by the proud Iroquois, the other end being held by the hardy Hollanders, while the middle rested upon the shoulders of the subjugated Mohicans, Mincees, and Lenni Lenapes. Nearly three centuries have rolled by since these stately warriors and quaint old Dutch settlers con- summated this compact for peace, which contributed so largely to the early prosperity of this region; and so impressed by the solemnity of the occasion were the actors of the ceremony that tradition says the 44 spirits of these dead statesmen still haunt the spot, and over and over again enact the impressive scene. Over across from here on the Schodack heights was the ever-burning council-fire of the Mohican nation. KiLLiAN Van Rensselaer House, 1692. Killian Van Rensselaer was the first of the Dutch patroons; his lands extending for twenty-five miles on each side of the river, and forty-two east and west. His manor-house, built in 1642 — the oldest building in America — is still standing in the ancient village of Greenbush, on the east bank of the river, across from Albany. The brick of which it was built was brought from Holland, and its hospitable walls and sheltering roof have held nearly every personage of importance who figured in the early history of our country. In later years the lands of this manor were the scenes of some of the fierce anti-rent riots, and here, 46 "Some village Hampden, that with dauntless breast, The little tyrant of his fields withstood;" might frequently be seen bidding defiance to the in- solent agents of the "lords of the manor." This historic mansion, with its five windows above overlooking the blue waters of the river, its massive door set between the four vine-clad windows of the lower floor, and protected by a neat portico guarded by sinister-looking portholes on either side of its en- trance, its front surmounted by a flagstaff that in earlier years bore the orange, white and blue of the Dutch Republic, and later the British colors, which in turn gave way to the red. white and blue of American independence, also gave birth to the ancient and soul- stirring national doggeral, Yankee Doodle. In 1755 some British officers were quartered here, and one of them, a surgeon of the army, Dr. Shack- burgh, while seated under the trees in the garden at the rear of the house, wrote the lines in derision of some Connecticut troops who were quartered in Albany, and who with their awkward appearance and diversi- fied raiment cut a rather ludicrous appearance. The words were set to a very old tune called "Lucy Lockett," and soon became p6pular for their jingle. During the Revolution the song was modified by some British wag among the troops at Boston, and again applied in derision to the Yankee soldiers across the river at Charlestown; but the song was taken up by the Amer- icans as a martial tune that soon became one of the national airs and was adopted as such at Saratoga, Later the Yankees had the satisfaction of marching the surrendered British troops to its music on many occasions, while at the surrender of Burgoyne the British had an excellent chance to familiarize them- selves with its strains, as some six thousand of them then marched in subjugation to its sprightly music. Americans, as a nation, are patriotic, and as a people they revere the spots that are hallowed by associa- tions with the first sturdy settlers who braved the dangers of an unknown land that was peopled only by native savages and filled with the perils that throng an unbroken w^ilderness, in their efl"orts for the estab- lishment of an asylum for freedom and liberty. That portion of the Hudson which first feels the pulsations of the ocean tides may well be remembered with such love and veneration, for there, indeed, is the cradle in which was rocked the infant Columbia. And how fitting it is that where the infant republic first began its growth should now be located the Capital City of the Empire State of the New World! Here, where even the waters begin to linger as they ebb and flow, as though loth to leave the lovely valley, is the city that far back in the dim past sheltered the hardy settlers who first came, in 1612, to colonize these New Netherlands, and which has grown from a small block-house to the present city populated by more than 100,000 souls. 47 Her elder sister, Jamestown, Va., lies long since buried under the moss-grown stones and mouldering ruins that mark what were once her habitations. The obliteration of Jamestown leaves Albany the oldest surviving settlement of the Colonial States, and to the antiquarian and historian she offers many scenes of interest; for she shows her staid antiquity in many ways — the streets, the buildings — in fact the whole air of the city is one of quiet, aristocratic age. Growth and improvement have necessitated the removal and destruction of many of the old landmarks; but their location and associations have been preserved by the erection of bronze tablets that mark the place where they once stood. Here were the homes of the poets Alfred B. Sweet and John G. Saxe, and of many other men of letters not only, but of soldiers and statesmen, who have by their deeds emblazoned their names upon the scroll of our country's history. In 1614 the Dutch erected a small fort on an island in the river where Albany now stands. It was called Beaverwyck from the fact that large numbers of the skins of these animals were there obtained in trade from the Indians. The spring freshets so often dam- aged this that they were obliged to seek a new loca- tion, and the bluff at the mouth of the Tawasentha Creek was chosen for a fort which was erected in 1618. Subsequently, at Alban}^, where is now the dock of the Peoples Line steamers, a new fortification was erected in 1623, called Fort Orange, and the town retained this name until 1664, when the New Nether- lands passed into the hands of the English; then it received the name of Albany, in honor of James, Duke of York. The first stone building was erected in 1647, on which occasion ''eight ankers" (128 gallons) of brandy were consumed! About this time the village was stockaded with strong wooden pickets, the re- mains of which were visible until 1812. It had become a considerable town in 1749 when Kalm visited it. He says. — ''The people all spoke Dutch; the houses stood with the gable ends toward the street, and the water gutters at the eaves, projecting far over the streets, were a great annoyance to the people. The cattle having free range kept the streets dirty. The people were very sociable, and the spacious stoops were alwavs filled on summer evenings with neighbors mingling in chit-chat. They knew nothing of stoves and their chimneys were almost as broad as their houses; and the people made wampum to sell to Indians and traders. They were very cleanly in their houses and were frugal in their diet, and integrity w^as a pre- vailing virtue. Their servants were chiefly negroes." During the Revolution, and particularly after the British took possession of New York city, Albany was the focus of revolutionary power in the State. There the Committee of Safety had its sittings; and, after the destructions of the forts in the Highlands, and the burning of Kingston, it was the headquarters of the 48 military and civil officers in the Northern Department, lo was incorporated a city in 1686, and made the Capital of the State soon after the Revolution. '/, There the captive officers of Burgoyne's invading army were hospitably entertained by General Schuyler and his family at their spacious mansion, which is still standing at the head of Schuyler street, completely embosomed in trees and shrubbery. Within it the Baroness Reidesel was entertained, and there also was the scene of the attempted abduction of the General by the Tory Waltemeyer, when he robbed the patriot of his plate in 1781. There LaFayette, Steuben, Roch- ambeau, and other foreign officers of eminence were entertained, and there the noblest of the land, as well as distinguished travelers from abroad, were frequent guests during the life of the owner; and there the doors were opened as freely when the voice of poverty pleaded for assistance as when the great claimed hospitality and courtesy. ^^•" Although navigation ends within a few miles of this place this is not all that is interesting of the river. So far it has seemed more like a river of the sea whose waters ebb and flow as they linger in the valley. Above here it becomes more truly the ''River of the Moun- tains," for, 325T'miles from its confluence with, and 5,000 feet above, the ocean, the Hudson begins its course among the highest peaks of the Adirondacks. -- The mists and vapors which cling around the bald heads of Mt. Marcy and Mt. Mclntyre, coming in con- tact with the colder masses of those giants are con- densed, and trickle down their sides in little rivulets which form a small basin of water called by the guides "Summit Water," and by Verplanck Colvin "Lake Tear of the Clouds." This, breaking forth in a small babbling stream, is the highest source of the Hudson, and in very truth it is a tear of the clouds. We cannot follow it through the Opalescent, Sido Falls, Avalanche Lake, Panther Gorge, The Gorge of the Dial and the pass which the Indians call Da-yeh- je-ga-go, or "the place where the storm-clouds meet in battle with the great serpent," nor trace its course down to the place where it makes its plunge over Glen's Falls, 'and where Cooper pictures the retreat of Lenfherstocking. From this place down to Albany the historian can find rich material for his musings — Fort Edward, Saratoga, Bemis Heights and Schuylerville, with its memories of the surrender of Burgoyne — all these speak in stentorian tones, commanding him to stop, while fancy, with a magic wand, recalls the past and repeoples the scenes with the forms of the departed multitudes in all the horrible aspects of war. Patriotism has a language that speaks to every heart throughout the world. It is a language that is under- stood by all, and in every region, every clime, the homage paid to it is the same. Is there a spot in all this wide world where the voices are as loud and clear as those which speak in this valley? Here also tra- 49 dition whispers from the rocks and hills tales of Indian legends, while song and story recall the deeds of the quaint old Dutch settlers.^ ► - Its blue waters lap the shores of pastoral scenes as bewitching and classic as were the groves where Or- pheus piped and Sappho sang to the Acadians of old; they lave the feet of mountains as sublimely beautiful in their rugged grandeur as any upon earth; they wander through a region once watered with patriot blood, where the echo of the brazen-throated war- bugle, the rattle of musketry, and the boom of cannon still murmur among the hills; they flow beneath a sky of as deep a blue as spreads its canopy above sunny Italy, and their summer winds are as soft and fragrant as those zephyrs which, — ''oppressed with perfume, Wax faint o'er the gardens of Gul in her bloom." To the student familiar with the valley and the events which are associated with it, the very ripples as they murmur along the pebbly shores seem in low tones to repeat the story. The same hills stand guard on either shore, the same sunlit waves roll between; the sun and rain fthat coaxed the maize into being for the red man still bless the fields of his white brother; the valley is the same. But what of the Indian who once considered this bis elysium? He has departed like Hiawatha- "' In the glory of the sunset, In the purple mists of evening, To the regions of the home-wind Of the Northwest-wind, Keewaydin, To the Islands of the Blessed, To the kingdom of Ponemah, To the land of the Hereafter I ' "■ Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Riverside Drive, New York City. NEW DAY LINE PIER AT WEST 42d STREET, NEW YORK CITY Realizing the fact that the trend of business in New York City is steadily moving uptown, the Day Line has discontinued landing at West 22d street and now lands at the magnificent new Pier it has recently completed at West 42d street instead. This new Pier, the first of its kind along the water front which combines art and utility, is 800 feet long and 60 feet wide and the novel structure that covers it is both original and handsome in design, with its decorations of growing vines, covering pergolas which lead to open porticoes for waiting passengers to use in pleasant weather, is a distinct and pleasant advance in the Pier sheds lately built along the water front. This Pier is also used by the steamer "Mary Powell" and the Sandy Hook boats of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, making the foot of West 42d street one of the greatest passenger terminals in New York City. During the summer season the Day Line steamers and the Sandy Hook boats make direct connection, thus affording a delightful and easy route between the mountains and the seashore resorts on the New Jersey coast, all tedious transfer through New York City being avoided. Forty-second street is the great cross-town street of New York City, being in the heart of the hotel, theatri- cal and shopping district; and the new Pier, which is the finest passenger pier in the city, is easily accessible by the numerous car lines from every part of Manhattan. 52 New Office Building — Hudson River Day Lini 326 Broadway, Corner Hamilton Street Albany, New York 53 COf^M EMOR ATI N^\.' fhl: ' riRsr u .-V MAN E NT • 3 LT TLE M f I . OF'ENCLISH-SF^EAKINO '-^EO^LE • i N AMI RICA MEDAL AWARDED TO THE HUDSON RIVER DAV LINE f=^OR ITS EXHIBIT AT THE JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION, "IQOT 54 Day Line Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" ■ QIC DAILY (EXCEPT SUNDAYS). 1910 «S . 5 SB n f.n 1: MP D. O 1 t/) — "*' .2 >rN If LOCAL TIME TABLE c . 5 > 3 ^ oZ JS E- .2 > £i!j} Kegular Day Line season opens May 20 from New York, and May 21 from Albany. Closes October 22 from New York, and Oftober 24 from Albany. Special service from New York to Poughkeepsie and re- turn commences on June 27 and continues to Sept. 17. Steamer "Mary Powell" between Kingston and New York from May 23 to September 29. _^ CONNECTIONS, a^ At New York — with railroads and steamers diverging. At West Point — with south-bound steamers. At Cornwall— with south-bound special boat from June 28 to Sept. 18, and with N. Y., Ontario & Western Ry. At Newburgh — with south-bound steamers; with Orange County Traction Co. for Orange Lake and Walden; and with Erie Railroad. At Poughkeepsie — with south-bound steamers ; with Central ;New England Ry., and by ferry with New Paltz, High- land & Poughkeepsie Traction Co. for Lake Mohonk. At Kingston Point — with the Ulster & Delaware R. R. for Catskill Mountain resorts, Hotel Kaaterskill, Laurel House, Grand Hotel, etc. At Catskill — with the Catskill Mountain Railway, Otis Rail- way and Catskill & Tannersville Railway for the Catskill Mountain House, Hotel Kaaterskill, Cairo, Palenville, Laurel House, Haines Falls and Tannersville. At Hudson — with the Boston & Albany R. R. for Chatham, Pittsfield, etc., and with Albany & Hudson R. R. At Albany — with the Delaware & Hudson, New York Central & Hudson River, West Shore, Boston & Maine, and Bos- ton & Albany Railroads for all points North, West and East. I>AY Line Steamers "HENDRICK HUDSON," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" HUDSON RIVER DAY LINE. THE ATTRACTIVE ROUTE FOR SUMMER PLEASURE TRAVEL TO AND FROM THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, Saratoga and the Adirondacks^ Hotel Champlaia and the North, Niagara Falls and the West, The Thou- sand Islands and the St. Lawrence River, The Famous Palace Steamers "HENDRICK HUDSON" "ROBERT FULTON " and " ALBANY " OF THE Day Line, are The Fastest River Steamers Ever Built. They are unrivalled in point of elegance, comfort and the quality of the service in every respect. They are constructed exclusively for summer tourist travel, and carry no freight of any description beyond the personal baggage of the passengers. They have the lightness, grace and beauty of a yacht. They are known the world over as being the finest ves- sels of their class afloat. They have handsomely furnished restaurants, open from 7.00 a. m., on the main deck, affording an unin- terrupted view of the magnificent scenery for which the Hudson is renowned. They have fine orchestras, and daintily appointed private parlors can be secured for the use of small parties or families. Every effort is made by the management to perfect and maintain the service at the highest possible standard.^ 58 Day Line Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" To the Mountains of SuUiYan, Ulster and Delaware Counties, VIA WEST POINT AND THE NEW YORK, ONTARIO & WESTERN RY. The residents of Brooklyn as well as those of Harlem, who will spend their summer in this delightful mountain region and who dread the long transfer through New York city, will be glad to learn that by arrangements recently con- cluded between the New York, Ontario & Western Railway and the Hudson River Day Line, tickets will be sold and baggage will be checked to all points on the N- Y. O. & W, Ry, via the Day Line to Wcbt Point, where the steamer landing is within a few yards distance of the railroad station. Brooklyn passengers by taking the Annex boat from foot of Fulton street at 8 a. m. and uptown New York passengers by taking steamer from the new pier at West 129th street, N. R, at 9.20 A. M., will save much trouble in transfer, and the pleasure of their trip will be greatly enhanced. As an additional attraction a stop-over of nearly two hours is given at West Point, thus allowing an opportunity of visiting this most historic and beautiful spot on the Hudson River. All tickets issued by the New York, Ontario & Western Ry., either from or to New York, are good on the steamers of the Day Line between New York and West Point, Passengers from New York holding such tickets should have them ex- changed at the Purser's office immediately on boarding the steamer. Special Notice — From June 28th to September i8th direct connection will be made at Cornwall with the New York, Ontario and Western Railway by second steamer leaving New York one hour after the regular boat. See local table on page 2. 59 Day Line Steaiviers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" An Idyl of Summer Pleasure Travel I Through Tickets via Day Line TO ALL POINTS NORTH, WEST AND EAST Can l)e obtained in NEW YORK CITY at the following Offices : Desbrosses Street Pier: 42d Street (N. R.) Pierj 129tli St., (N. E.) Pierj 245, 345, 415, 956, 1185, 1216, 1354 Broadway) 225 Fifth Aveni;ei 31 West 30th St.; 245 Columbus Ave.) 121 West 125th Street; 182 Fifth Ave.; 649 Madison Ave. ; Hotel Manhattan. IN BROOKLYN: Annex Office, foot Ftilton Street; 4 Court Street; 479 Nostrand Avenue; 338 Fulton Street. TICKETS VIA DAY LINE FOR SALE AT ALL PRINCIPAL TICKET OFFICES IN THE COUNTRY. By this line Brooklyn passengers avoid the long transfer through Nevi^ York City, as the Brooklyn Annex makes direct connection with Steamers at Desbrosses Street Pier. Brooklyn Baggage. — Brooklyn passengers should have their baggage at Annex Station at least 30 minutes before departure of boat to insure its being forwarded on same boat as passenger. Brooklyn Baggage will not be forwarded unless claimed by owner at the Annex Office and checked. Tile Desbrosses St. Pier of the Day Line adjoins the Pennsylvania R. R. Station in New York. Close connec- tion with trains to and from Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- ington and the South. Baggage Checked from Residence to Destination by the New York Transfer Co. Leave Orders and purchase tickets at their Offices. DURING THE SEASON. SPECIAL SARATOGA EXPRESS TRAINS ARE RUN CONNECTING DIRECT WITH STEAMERS OF THIS LINE AT THEIR PIER A T ALBANY. Private Parlors may be reserved, or further information secured, by addressing F. B. HIBBARD, General Passenger Agent, DESBROseES Street Pier, NEW YORK 60 Day Line Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" IDEAL ONE DAY AND ONE-HALF DAY OUTINGS. (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED.) The Hudson River Day Line invites particular atten- tion to the following short trips arranged for those having but limited time at their disposal, and who wish to use same to the best possible advantage. No where on the American continent can such scenic beauty be had in equal time with such luxurious environments. From June 27th to September 17th, as there will be a triple service between New York, Yonkers, West Point, Newburgh and Poughkeepsie, one may, by con- sulting the time table, easily choose his own time in going, returning, or stopping over at West Point, New- burgh or Poughkeepsie. NEW YORK AND WEST POINT. In addition to its historical associations, AYest Point is one of Nature's beauty spots, and should be visited by every one. Regular Day Line excursions through- out the season. Special service from June 27th to September 17th. The additional afternoon excursion via the " Mary Powell," and returning by the steamer "Albany," from June 27th to September 17th, is a most delightful 100-mile sail. Boat excursion ticket, ^1 ; boat and rail, $'1.50 (W. S. R. R.) ; boat and rail, il.GO (N. Y. C. R. R.); rail tickets limited to date of sale. NEW YORK AND NEWBURGH. One may go to quaint old Newburgh on the regular boat, returning at 2.15 p. m. ; or from June 27th to September 17th, by special second boat, returning at 2.15 p. m., or 5.05 p. m., having time, if desired, for the charming trolley ride to Orange Lake, or to make the ascent of Mt. Beacon. Boat excursion ticket, #1 ; boat and rail, ^1.75 (W. S. R. R) ; boat and rail, ^1.80 (N. Y. C. R. R.); rail tickets limited tojdate of sale. 62 Day I^ink Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" IDEAL ONE DAY AND ONE-HALF DAY OUTINGS (Continued). NEW YORK AND MOUNT BEACON. There is probably no other one day trip out of New York City that possesses so much beauty, variety and o;randeur to commend it to the tourist. Going by Day Line steamer, first or second boat, to Newburgh, thence crossing the river by ferry to Fishkill Landing, where trolley cars are in waiting to convey the excursionists to the foot of the mountain, and then by the steepest in- clined railway in the State to the summit of Mt. Beacon, where can be had one of the grandest views in the world. Returning during season of special service, from June 27th to September 17th, the Day Line steam- boat is taken at Newburgh at 5.05 p. m,, arriving in New York city about 8.40 p. m. There is no trouble or exertion required in making these transfers, since docks and stations directly adjoin. Rate for the round trip I^L50. Tickets limited to date of sale. Or return- ing from Fishkill Landing about G.IO p. m. by the Central Hudson Steamboat Company, due in New York about 10 p. m. Rate for the round trip, ^'1.50. Tickets limited to date of sale. These tickets are sold during entire regular Day Line season. NEW YORK AND POUGHKEEPSIE. Direct connection is made at the " Bridge City" by the first or morning boat, with the southbound steamer from Albany at 1:20 p. m. This trip gives one hun- dred and fifty miles of the most beautiful river scenery in the world, and is recommended to all who wish to see the Highlands or the Hudson. It is a ride of twenty minutes to Vassar College and its perfectly charming campus, and one may loiter in the academic shades, and also find various pleasant trolley rides about Dutchess county until the 4.10 p. m. special down boat, Steamer "Albany," from June 27th to September 17th. Also the trip can be made on the second up boat, from June 27th to September 17th, which allows a stop of one and one-half hours in Poughkeepsie. Boat excursion, ^1.50 ; boat and rail, S2 (N. Y. C. R. R.); boat and rail, ^2 (VY. S. R. R.) Boat excursion tickets good for season. Boat and rail excursion tickets hmited to date of sale. 64 Day Link Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" IDEAL ONE DAY AND ONE-HALF DAY OUTINGS {Continued). NEW YORK AND ALBANY. It is estimated that the transient population of New York City numbers 200,000, these visitors coming from all parts of the world. A large number wish to see the peerless Hudson, but cannot spare more than one day for it. Therefore, the Day Line takes pleasure in direct- ing attention to the excursion to Albany, returning by the People's Line the same evening, reaching New York City early the following morning, allowing one day and o.^.e night on the river. The Hudson River Day Line carries more purely pleasure travel than any other river navigation company in the world. The sail up the Hud- bu:T IS considered the most beautiful inland water trip on the American continent, and, taken in connection with the return trip from Albany by moonlight on the superb new steamers "Adirondack" and "C.W.Morse," of the People's Line, makes the ideal water trip of the country. The Day Line steamer arrives at Albany 6:10 p. m., and the People's Line steamer leaves at 8 p. m., giving ample time for a visit to the magnificent State capitol. Fare for the round trip, ^3.50. Tickets good to return at any time during season issued POUGHKEEPSIE AND MOUNT BEACON. From Poughkeepsie the Day Line presents a most at- tractive one day trip to Mount Beacon, going by Day Line Steamer and returning from Newburgh by Steamer " Mary Powell" the same evening at a rate of Ninety - five cents for the round trip. Tickets limited to date of sale. KINGSTON POINT AND MOUNT BEACON. To the people of Rondout, Kingston and vicinity, the Day Line offers a one day trip to Mount Beacon, going by Day Line steamer from Kingston Point and returning by Steamer "Mary Powell" from Newburgh to Ron- dout in the evening at the rate of SL45 for the round trip Tickets limited to date of sale. 65 ALBANY AND HUDSON OR CATSKILL. Rate for the round trip Seventy-five cents. Tickets good to return at any time during the season. ALBANY AND THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. A most enchantmg tour of river and mountain scenery, with the delicious sensation of the rapid ascent from val- ley to mountain top by the Inclined Railway. Leave Albany at 8:30 a m., by Day Line steamer to Catskill ; thence by Catskill Mountain Railway to Otis Junction, where the Otis Railway is taken for the summit, the location of the world famous Catskill Mountain House and Table Rock, from which the grandeur of the mag- nificent view has inspired the enthusiasm of tourists from all parts of the globe. Returning by same route, Albany is reached at 6:10 p. m. Tickets limited to date of sale. Rate for the round trip, 81-50. ALBANY AND KINGSTON POINT. Rate for the round trip One Dollar. Tickets good to return at any time during the season. This trip allows time for a picnic at Kingston Point Park, the most charming day resort along the Hudson river, or one can take a trolley ride through the beautiful and historic City of Kingston, where the first Constitution of the State of New York was adopted, and see some of the quaint old stone houses built prior to the Revolution, and other objects of interest. ALBANY AND WEST POINT. A most delightful one-day trip combining boat and rail. Going by Day Line steamer and returning by afternoon train on >Yest Shore R. R. West Point is the beauty spot of the Hudson River and should be visited by all. Tickets limited to date of sale. Rate for the round trip ^2.10, THROUGH TRAINS FROxM THE NORTH, WEST AND EAST MAKE CLOSE CONNECTION AT ALBANY WITH STEAMER FOR NEW YORK. ALBANY OFFICE,g325 Broadway, Corner Hamilton Street. The Wharf at Albany, foot of Hamilton Street, is only Five miuutes' walk south from Union Station. W. B. ELMENDORF, General Agent. 325 BROADWAY. ALBANY, N. Y. o o O o lO o lO T— 1 lO o L^ t^ C3 CO CO 05 1—1 -«5 lO o o c^ CO o o «^ CM o lO . O o c^ CO •i:^ T— 1 lO C- o H T-H 1—1 1—1 o O t i lO o lO o »o o t^ CM o C^ q r— 1 (M 1-H O lO , : ^ O o l>- ^ r— 1 ^ M »— 1 H o O iO lO o o O o o o ^ ;2 ?— ( 1— (-- '^. ^ o q ^. r- 1 1 ^ 1-H 1— 1 1-H o J o o o o o lO o lO 'stH to CO CO CO o (M '^ c^ 1— 1 rH rH T-H ^ ^ lO lO »o iC o »o o o o rS CM c^ t^ t^ o - z CO UJ O >- 1- z £ LU -J —1 z O CD cc Z 2 LU LU ID 2 z o 1— z -J CO H- < CJ> z Q n: >- z —1 o ^ ii5 O c^ O »o o >o o ^ O 1 o -— 1 >o iO CO l>- o 1— ( o 1— 1 1—1 r-i Q Z 67 Day Line Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" LOCAL PASSEN&ER FARES FROM NEW YORK TO Miles. One Way. Round Trip 17 Yonkers, $0.25 $0.40 50 West Point, .75 1.00 60 Newburgh, .75 1.00 75 Poughkeepsie, 1.00 1.50 90 Kingston Point, 1.25 2.25 115 Catskill, - 1.50 2.75 120 Hudson, 150 2.75 150 Albany, 2.00 3.50 Optional Use of AlURail Tickets. By special arrangement all first-class through tickets read- ing via the New York Central & Hudson River and West Shore Railroads, between ALBANY and NEW YORK, in either direction, will be available via the Day Line Steamers or by rail, at the option of the passenger. This arrangement does not apply on local business to, or from way landings. (Seepage '$i\ for particulars.) Intorniation tor Passengers. The Steamers of the Day Line will make their first trips for the season of 1910, from New York, May 20th, and from Albany, May 2 1st. Their last trips will be made, from New York, Oct. 22d, and from Albany Oct. 24th. Special service, New York to Poughkeepsie and return, from June 27th to Sept. 17th. These steamers do not run on Sundays. Round trip tickets are good to return at any time during the season in which they are issued, unless other- wise stated in contract of the ticket. Coupon tickets to all important points in the United States and Canada may be purchased from this Com- pany's Agents at its principal ticket offices, as per list of same shown on page 60. Passengers purchasing such tickets must designate the route, or routes, by which they desire to travel. Agents are instructed to remain neutral on this point. Coupon ticket agents of aU railroads in the United States and Canada sell tickets to all important points on, or reached, via the Day Line Steamers. Children under five years of age, in charge of a com- petent person, are carried free ; those five years of age and under twelve are required to pay half fare ; those twelve years of age and over, full fare. 69 ^^^^^^^H'^^l^'^ M ^^^^^^vlS|i ^^^^^^^^^B«;lli/jr o -^^^^^H S! -5 ^^HI^^9P'ii ^n^^H K ^^^^mm'U^BTA ,^ •^^B^^HHlfl H I^HV'lIlRi i^ .^H^^H o ^Hi'im ^''i^(«S8^^H > ■^^■m mmw^ ■< ^^^^K^^KBm 'iJ^HlHfl t^ ^^|HB 'j^^^l ■^ P3 ^l^^^B Wi H H ^^^m X H ■JH M ^HhHI 'H9d H I^^^B ^m a ^^^Hh .h|mS ■ ^flH w o ^^I^BhI ' HB^H ■ ^^^^^H V a ^^^^HHHa il^H^I ^^^^^^^1 w c ^^^^HHBHB ^^^^^^^1 ^H ^^^^^^^1 w > 2! m^^i ■ ^^^1 r d ^^^^^^^H tB ■ ^^^^^^^1 o ■ ^^M^H >Il ■ H^r*. J H ■ V "jB^^Bv ca p ' rt 1 r a ■ a W' o o '! a! b w • If 1 w /^ ^H WW A f^A imi ^1^1 H W ^ r /' Hi mflm B f wk mtm H 1 ijl 11^' ~,a,~-i-!.--^.^.^.^^jiJ ' ^^P; 1 •• ''^flH l| |i k"^--w00 if \l^^- nfl 1 jj . ";,.-'-„ .p s m:^Lz:^^^^ --;___ ^,_^;";^ Day Lcinb S^bambi^s. Information for Passengers. ( Con tin ued from page 6 g . J Passengers should always procure their tickets at regular Ticket Offices, as there are numerous expired, counterfeit and stolen tickets in the hands of unauthor- ized parties. Passengers when purchasing tickets should see that same are stamped with official dating stamp of the selling Agent, and that they read to destination desired, and in checking baggage should always see that the number of the strap check placed on baggage corresponds with duplicate in their possession. In the event of any disagreement with the Purser relative to tickets required, privileges allowed, etc., pas- sengers should pay Purser's claim, take his receipt, and refer the case for adjustment to the General Passenger Agent, who will promptly refund any overcharge. The Purser has no discretionary power in such matters, but is governed by rules which he is not authorized to change. Passengers holding or purchasing tickets over connect- ing railroads can have their baggage checked through to destination, without any transfer charges, by applying to the Baggage Master. Baggage will not be put oflf at any way landing unless claimed and checked by owner. Baggage cannot be checked to a point short of desti- nation of ticket, except on unlimited tickets and tourist tickets at points where stop-over is allowed. Passengers are requested to claim their baggage upon its arrival at landings. This Company does not hold itself liable for loss or damage to baggage after sufficient time has been allowed for its removal. If not removed within twenty-four hours, storage will be charged on each piece at the following rates : First twenty-four hours free ; second twenty-four hours or fraction thereof, twenty-five cents ; and for each additional twenty-four hours or fraction thereof, ten cents. As a matter of ordinary and proper precaution the owner's name and address should be plainly marked upon each trunk or piece of baggage checked, and the owner should make a note of the number of his check to aid identification and recovery in case of loss. No horses, carriages or freight of any description are carried by the Steamers of this line. Corpses are not carried. g^^ Dogs will not be taken unless in crates ; then a charge of half fare will be made. Crates can be secured on application at the Company's piers, or from the Bag- gage Masters on the boats. 71 Day LiiNB Sjpbambi^s. Information for Passengers. ( Continued fro7n page 71.) ^^ A charge of fifty cents each is made on baby car- riages, but as these cannot be checked to points beyond regular landings, it is strongly recommended that they be forwarded through to destination by Express, as in many instances the cost would be less than the amount accru- ing from the rates charged by the Lines over which they are to go, besides the advantage to the owner in not be- ing troubled with them at the different transfer points. A coat-room is provided on main deck, where pass- engers can check their small valises, parcels, etc., and have them cared for free of charge. The steamers of this line being designed for day service only, have no state rooms, and there is no accommodation for passengers wishing to remain on board over night. On each steamer there are a few private parlors for which a charge of from ^5 to S6 each is made. Owing to the limited number of these rooms they are not considered engaged unless paid for at the time reservation is made. Meals are served a la carte from 7.00 a.m. in the Res- taurant on the main deck aft. Table d'hote breakfast at seventy-five cents until 9.30 a. m. Also table d'hote dinner at one dollar, between the hours of 11.00 a. m. and 3.00 p. M. Coffee, sandwiches, fruits, pastry, etc., can be obtained during the day at the Lunch-room, entrance by stairway from the main deck forward. Newburgh excursionists wishing to extend their trip to Poughkeepsie, where connection is made with the south- bound boat, can, upon payment of fifty cents, have their excursion tickets exchanged at the Purser's oflBce. Passengers holding first-class through tickets via Buf- falo or Niagara Falls, are permitted to stop over at Niagara Falls for a period not exceeding ten days. In order to avail themselves of this privilege, passengers will deposit their ticket with the Agent of the New York Central & Hudson River R. R., at Niagara Falls station immediately on their arrival at that point, being given in return a receipt for ticket. The management of the Hudson River Day Line invites the criticism of its patrons in all matters con- nected with its service, when this takes the form of suggestions for improvement ; the calling of attention to any lack in appliances and methods for safety or com- fort; or complaints relating to incivility or inattention on the part of its employees. The constant aim of the management is to perfect and maintain the service at the highest possible standard and to render it first-class in every respect, and communications bearing upon this end will be appreciated. Passengers are requested not to give fees to any of the employees. ^^ The Steamer ''Hendrick Hudson." The progress of our National Commerce is probably more emphatically marked by the construction of this great steamer than by any other event of a like nature. Up to last year her sister steamers, the "New York," "Albany," and " Mary Powell," held easily the world's record for boats of their class, but the increased popu- larity of the Hudson day service, and the anxiety of the Day Line to be not only abreast of, but ahead of the times, has resulted in the placing in commission of this splendid steamer. The " Hendrick Hudson" was built at Newburgh by the Marvel Company, under contract with the W. & A. Fletcher Company of New York, who built her engines, and under designs from Frank E. Kirby. Her principal dimensions are : length, 400 feet ; breadth over all, 82 feet ; depth of hold, 14 feet 5 inches, and a draft of 7 feet 6 inches. Her propelling machinery is what is known as the 3-cylinder compound direct acting engine, and her power (5,000-horse) is applied through side wheels with feathering buckets, and steam is supplied from eight boilers. Steel has been used in her construction to such an extent that her hull, her bulk-heads (7 in all), her en- gine and boiler enclosures, her kitchen and ventilators, her stanchions, girders, and deck beams, and in fact the whole essential frame work of the boat is like a great steel building. Where wood is used it is hard wood, and in finish probably has no equal in marine work. Her scheme of decoration, ventillation and sanitation is as artistic and scientific as modern methods can pro- duce, and at the same time her general lay out for prac- tical and comfortable operation is the evolution of the long number of years in which the Day Line has been conductnig the passenger business. A detailed account of this steamer would be a long story, but some of the salient features are as follows : She carries the largest passenger license ever issued, namely: for 5,500 people ; on her trial trip she made the fastest record through the water of any inland passenger ship in this country, namely: 23.1 miles per hour. Her shafts are under the main deck. Her Mural paintings represent prominent features of the Hudson, which may not be well seen from the steamer. Her equipment far exceeds the requirements of the Government Inspection Laws. .•75 h iiPii mi The Steamer " Robert Fulton." This latest addition to the Day Line fleet is a product of the year which marks the joint celebration of the discovery of the River by Hendrick Hudson, and the construction of the first commercially successful steam- boat by Robert Fulton. Her keel was laid January 11, 1900 ; her operation beginning May 29th, four and one- half months later. She was constructed at the great works of the New York Shipbuilding Company at Cam- den, N. J., and built entirely under cover, so that the work could progress day and night in all kinds of weather. The ablest naval architects and marine engineers in America, the foremost of our designers, artists and artisans, and practical and experienced steamboat operating men have carefully collaborated in the con- struction of this steamer, to make her the most refined and satisfactory passenger carrier ever produced. Sim- plicity and security are united with speed, comfort and luxury. A gay and delicate scheme of decoration com- bines, with the more serious mural paintings illustrating the early days of river life ashore, the development of steam navigation on the river and the portraits of some of the most prominent personages connected with the river, in making, not an allegory, bnt a historical sequence. The dimensions of the "Robert Fulton" are as follows : Length o48 feet; beam over all, 76 feet; depth of hold, 12 feet, 9 inches; capacity 4,000 passengers. She has a beam engine built by the W. & A. Fletcher Company of Hoboken, N. J. Cylinders 75 inches by 12 feet stroke, developing 3,850 horse power — side wheels and feathering buckets. A large lunch room is located in the forward cabin vmder the Orchestra. The dining room is on the main deck afc, and she has four decks, namely: main, saloon, grand promenade, and observa- tion deck. Plate glass is used exclusively, and the con-' struction generally, as much as possible, is of steel, asbestelith and composition board. In the last three years the Hudson River Day Line has added to its equipment two magnificent new steamers, the "Hendrick Hudson" and the" Robert Fulton." It has built four splendid new piers and passenger buildings, viz. West 42d Street, New York City, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie and Albany, and it has more than doubled its services in the lower half of the river by placing the famous Iron Steamer "Albany" in the New York to Poughkeepsie Special Excursion business. It feels perfectly confident in asserting that in service alone there is nowhere in the world its equal for transporting tourist passenger trafiic, and to this may be added that in all the world there can be found no water journey which combines so much of beauty and interest as is found in the charming Hudson Valley which it serves. 77 The Steamer "Albany." The "Albany" is undoubtedly one of the most beau- tiful steamers ever constructed. Her graceful lines and great deck room forward are very noticeable and com- mand marked attention. She is one of the finest vessels afloat and combines all the known improvements that go toward making travel by water safe and attractive. The " Albany" was built by the Harlan & HoUings- worth Co., of Wilmington, Del., in 1880. During the winter of 1892, she was lengthened thirty feet and fur- nished with modern feathering wheels in place of the old style radial ones. Her hull is of iron, 325 feet long, breadth of beam over all 75 feet, and her tonnage is 1,415 gross tons. Her engine was built by the W. & A. Fletcher Co., of New York, and develops 3,200 horse power. The stroke is 12 feet, and the diameter of the cylinder is 73 inches. On her trial trip she ran from New York to Poughkeepsie, a distance of 75 miles, in three hours and seven minutes. Steam steering gear is used on the " Albany," thus insuring ease and precision in handling her. The wood-work on the main deck and in the upper saloons is all hard wood ; mahogany, ash and maple tastefully carved. Wide, easy staircases lead to the main saloon and upper decks. Rich Axminster carpets cover the floors, and mahogany tables and fur- niture of antique design and elegant finish make up the appointments of a handsomely furnished drawing room. A life-sized marble bust of a young girl ornaments the head of the grand staircase. It is Palmer's ideal concep- tion of " June." The walls are adorned with oil paint- ings by Emile Princhart of Paris, F. D. Briscoe of Phila- delphia, and Yzquierdo of Madrid, Spain. The richly furnished private parlors of the " Albany" are a notable feature, giving absolute seclusion and privacy to small parties or families. Another equally desirable feature is the elegant dining-room, which is located on the main deck in order that tourists while enjoying their dinner may not be deprived of viewing the beautiful scenery for which the Hudson is renowned. The carrying capacity of the " Albany" is 4,500, but a license for 3,000 pas- sengers only is applied for, in order that there may be no disagreeable crowding. 79 MARY POWELL STEAMBOAT COMPANY. HIGHLANDS OF THE HUDSON BY DAYLIGHT STEAMER "MARY POWELL" Will leave daily during season, May 23 to Sept. 29, 1910, Sundays excepted, as follows: GOING NORTH. Will leave New York from p. m Desbrosses Street Pier 1 ,45 Foot West 42d Street 2.00 Foot West 129th Street 2.20 Highland Falls 4.50 West Point 5.00 Cornwall 5.25 TSTcAvburgh 5.45 New Hamburgh 6.15 Milton 6.30 Poughkeepsie 6.45 Kingston (Rondout) 7.45 GOING SOUTH. Leaves a. m. Kingston (Rondout) 6.00 Poughkeepsie 7.00 Milton 7.15 New Hamburgh 7,30 Newburgh 8,00 Cornwall 8,15 West Point 8.35 Highland Falls 8.40 Arrives at Foot West 129th Street 11.00 Foot West 42d Street 11,20 Desbrosses Street Pier 11 ,45 Meals served at all hours a la Carte Table d'Hote Dinner ... 75 Cents, EXCURSION TICKETS sold to West Point, returning via West Shore R. R., Hudson River R. R. or Central Hudson Steamboat Co. same day, and from June 28 to Sept. 18, by special Day Line steamer leaving West Point at 6.45 p. m. ar- riving in New York 8 40 p. m. Convenient Route to the Catskill Mountains. By this line an opportunity is afforded of viewing CRO' NEST, STORM KING, and other points of beauty and historic interest. The tourist sees the Hudson Highlands "at the gloaming", the finest hour for Mountain and River Scenery. ._ The return portion of all regular excursion tickets of Steamer Mary Powell will be accepted for passage on Hudson River Day Line, excepting Rondout on which an additional charge will be made. Hudson River Day Line tickets^ will be accepted for passage on Steamer Mary Powell. For " booklet " and further information, address Capt. A. E . Anderion, Qeneral Manager, Deibrofsee 8t. Pier, New York City. 81 4 ■B ^^ E ^_iLI. • 1 1 Art Geu on Stsamsr "Amaht." 82 [#ac AND D4V Uyk^ PRINCIPAL CONNECTIONS Day Line Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" SEASON OF 1910. EXCURSION TICKETS SOLD BY Day Line Steamers. Rates given are from New York ; from Brooklyn 20 cents additional Summer excursion tickets herein described tvill be sold from Maij 21stto October 22d, inclusive, mid will be good tintil October 31st inclusive on railroad lines, except as otheriMse noted, 'T'^'^' Summer excursion tickets via the Hudson River untj Litietvill be valid for passu f/e only until October 24th, 1010. Steamer lines tvill be witTidrawu as folloivs : Day Ziine Steamers, last trip from Netr York, Oct. 22d, and from Albany Oct, 24tt>. Lake Chaniplain and Tjuke George Steamers, about October 5th, Richelieu tt Ontario Nav. Coi Steamers on St. Lawrence River, abotit Sej)t. 30th. Niagara Nav. Co. Steamers, about Oct 10th. Thousand Islands Steamboat Co. Steamers, about October 31st. *■ This Line reserves the right to change any rates quoted herein wilhoiit itrevious notice to tlte public. Children between five and ttvelve years of age, half fare; over twelve, full fare. One hundred and fifty pounds of baggage will be checked free on each full ticket, and seventy-five pounds on each half ticket. All baggage in excess of this tveight will be charged for at the rates outlined in local excess baggage tariffs of the individual lines interested. Through tichetsfrom Western jtoints to New York, read- ing via New York Central A Hudson River or West Shore Railroads from Albany to New York, ivill be accejited for passage on Day Line Steamers from Albany to New York. To avail themselves of this jtrivilege, passengers tvill be required to have their rail tickets exchanged, if via the New York Central, either by Condtictor before arrival at Albany or at Depot Ticket Office in that city. If via West Shore, exchange must be made by Conductor before reaching Voorheesville, 85 Through tickets from New York to western points, read' ing via New York Central & Hudson River or West Shore Railroads, will be acc^ted for passage on Day Idne 8tetMner§ from New York to Albcvny, Passmi^ers avaiUng thenuelvet of this privilege ufill be required to ha/ve their rail Heket* exchanged at the office of the Purser on board the stea/m,er. Tickets reading via Delaware & Hudson R, R, are valid either via rail, or lake steamers between Fort Ticonderoga and Flattshurgh, or Hotel Chaniplain, and intermediate points, at the option of the holder, on notifying Conductor. The coupons of tickets reading via Grand Trunk Ry, or Steamer between Toronto and Kingston; Kingston and Prescott ; and Prescott and Montreal, are valid either by rail or by the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Co/s steamers. Transfers bettveen Stations are not included in Excursion Tickets except tvhere specially noted. While this Line issues tickets for passage over other lAnes in addition to its own, it acts only as agent for the sale, and is not responsible for the car^'iage of passengers or baggage beyond its own Line, such tickets being subject to use in accordance with the rules of the respective companies over which they read. Stop-over may be made at any point named on the tickets ; but should passengers desire to leave a train or boat at a Station intermediate to those mentioned on a coupon, they should notify the proper official of the train or boat, who will either issue a stop-over check or mark the ticket, as may be the practice of his company, provided the Line on which station is located allotvs stop-over privileges. No stop- overs are allotved, however, by any Line on tourist tickets which may be limited to a continuotis passage. Unused tickets or untised portions of tickets that read over the Day Line Steamers will be promptly redeemed, if in the hands of the original purchaser, if sent to or presented at the office of the General Passenger Agent, Desbrosses Street Pier, Neiv York, If the ticket is a limited one, it must be sent previotis to the expiration of the limit thereof. Passengers tvill find that they will realize more by this course than by disposing of their unused tickets to unau- thorized dealers. It is the desire of this company to fully protect its patrons against loss in cases where, from any cause, they do not use tickets purchased via this line. Transportation companies are not responsible for lost tickets; therefore, all possible precaution should be taken to prevent their loss. Upon ptirchasing through tickets, pas- sengers should make a memorandum of the " destination," *^ by what company isstied," ^^ form number," '^* consecutive number" and ** place and date of sale," They should also make a memorandum of the consectitive numbers of their baggage checks. This will aid in their recovery if lost or stolen. Summer tourists are reminded that many of the steam- ers and stage lines cease operations or make irregular trips after October 1st of each year. Passengers should consult local advertising matter for proper vnformation. 86 Day Line Steamers "hendrick hudson," "ROBERT FULTON" and "ALBANY" LIST OF SUM/WER EXCURSION TICKETS. -♦-•- ALBANY, N, Y. Excursion 5 or 1. Day Line Steamers in both directions Rate $3.60. ALEXANDRIA BAY, N. Y. Excursion 500. Day Line Steamers to Albany N. Y. C. • i. Ulster A Delaware R. R.. ■.■.■.■;;;.;. .V. *' to^Lanerv7ll (Returning via Same Route.) Rate .$4.25. * LAUREL STATIC^ (Catskill Mountains), -^ ^ Excursion 113 or 114. Day Line Steamers ... * n *. i •,, Oa^wM Mouotaio K,. : : ; . ; ; ; ; : :,„ 0^^^ '^""ii^'^'^'^i- « p- ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ to La°.^efsr£ (Returning via Same Route.) Rate $4.85. LAUREL STATION (Catskill Mountains), T. r- r. Excursion 55 or 68. Day Line Steamers f^ tr- x t^ • U„ter . Delaware R. U.. [ , . . [ [ . . . ; . ; '?„trrSuS (Returning via Same Route.) Rate $5.10. LAWREXCEVILLE (Catskill Mountains) N, Y. P, T . „ Excursion 100 or 105. Day Line Steamers ... f« p * i -n Catskill Mountain Ry ,;. T • ^*^«^/" (Returning via Jame Route:) " Rate ".V.V . T4T6 LEEDS (Catskill Mountains), N. Y TV T- o -Excumo;! 100 or 101. Day Line Steamers f« n * i -i, Catskill Mountain Ry *° Catskill (Returning via Same Route.) ' Rate: '.'.'.'.'.'..'. ;$3.56 LOON LAKE STATIO]S (Adirondack Mountains), N. Y. Excursion 436. Day Line Steamers to Albany N. Y. C. A H. R. R to Utic* N. Y. C. ifc H. R. R. R. (Adk. Div.) to Loon Lake Station (Returning via Same Route.) Rate . . . $12.55. LOYD, N. Y. Excursion 230. Day Line Steamers to Poughkeepsie Ferry to Highland Landing New Paltz, Highland & Poughkeepsie Trao. Co to Loyd (Baggage will be charged for extra.) (Returning yia Same Route.) Rate $1.85. McINTYRE, N. Y. Excursion 200. Day Line Steamers to Poughkeepsie Po'keepsie City A Wappinger's Falls Ry..to P. & E. Ry. Depot Poughkeepsie A Eastern Ry to Molntyre (Returning ria Same Route.) Rate $2.60. A Vista of th« Hudson from the Capitol at Albany. 107 MELLENVILLE, N. Y. Excursion 260. Day Line Steamers to Hudson Boston A Albany R. R to Mellenville (Returning via Same Route.) Rate $3.26. MONTREAL, P. Q. Excursion 637. Ending at Montreal. Day Line Steamers to Albany N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R to Clayton Steamer to Alexandria Bay Richelieu & Ontario Nav. Co to Montreal Rate $12.16. MONTREAL, P. Q. Excursion 630. Day Line Steamers to Albany Delaware LAKE, N. Y. Excursion 300. Day Line Steamers to Albany Delaware o. '%^ ^^^ / / 1 \ \ ^ /\\ / 311 ^^**"'r^^'"^ / / I Jr-2;w^— -^'"'^ Mineral Seminary |\ ( ^ ^ ^yO / S C H Milford ' Portlandville, Schenevus^ ^'^^^^Mar yl an d / / o Fairlai ' \ o SAimmit ' ~ ^harlottevilh One6nta JunctionlX.*^^ ^ ' \ \ Stewart ^avenport Center Cobine Delhi cik Harpersfield ^ " J\ I o Ruth '^^Kortright Stamfo;/..^ii^oa Sta. _ ,^ \- ^ BloomvilleV V^^Hobart «^lGrandG^g South Kortright ]M^'-Crii;.. 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I Conesville North Blenheim ^fSo Preston ] ^Hollow T" Cobine Hobart «Q g^^^ j q^^ ,-.^ --./^nsl^^^ ^outhKortright ^C^S^i^^^^^^^^^ t '>^^^m •■'-'"•-'^ ■ ■■■•■■- ■ Delhi Bovina Lake Delaware %/h Sjew Baltimore ' [ .-s \ ••'^ t' ;•■■'■;:. WXIoxsackie , ■''^ 'rt;eoJsackieLd|g.l ■■■J, J ■■ > i I \Ai ^ Lime ^treet'o.. ,- / 2 ,d/ E //L a ,W ARE-, Cabin Hill „,"'*1^°"M Kelly's Corner^ Ti^voo. Arkvjl Margaret ville 9^1-- r"^^M|i'^'^ilIo I/CJ -SS- ...6 .■Bridge mii^ L S T i^E ^ .Vi^ Samsonville o {J^ ^ '.■cS'^'-f ^"ZX ElizaviUe Stissihic Map Showing ^ / Rummer Resorts^'' .mono''^ Catskills f^EACHED BY [)AY ]jNE StEAMERS Rosendale fNew Palti Highland i LIST SUMMER RESORTS -AMONG THE- ATSKiLL * Mountains ■REACHED BY THE- PALACE STEEL STEAMERS HUDSON RIVER DAY LINE Season op I9IO. 127 THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. '• Friends of my heart, lovers of Nature's works. Let me transport you to those wild blue mountains That rear their summits near the Hudson's wave. On their heights I Your souls may have a sweet foretaste of heaven." This charming group of mountains has now become so famous the world over, the natural assumption of the average reader would be that little need be said or written regarding the location or general characteristics. For thirty years and more the Catskill range has been one of the most beautiful and delightful summer resorts on the Western Continent. Its visitors and summer dwellers are no longer confined to any state or nation, but they come from every corner of civilization. For hundreds of these who are coming this season for the first time, for thousands of others who are planning to come in the near future and are now in search of infor- mation about the place, as well as for many of those who have only made hasty visits to the range, this little book would be incomplete and unsatisfactory if it con- tained no reference to the location and structure of this most interesting mountain region. Although somewhat less than a hundred miles from New York city on the western bank of the Hudson, these romantic Catskills are in no danger of being in- cluded in the expansive and elastic area now familiarly known as "Greater New York." Their picturesque wildness and native grandeur can never be lost in the dissolving shadows of men's ideas in brick and mortar. A spur of the great Appalachian system which extends along the entire Atlantic coast from Maine to Alabama, the general trend of the Catskills is from southeast to northwest, at right angles to that of all the other moun- tain groups in this system. They cover a superficial area of about 2,400 square miles. Some of the highest peaks are near the eastern face, from eight to ten miles west of the river. Here the mountains rise abruptly from the base over 3,000 feet in the air. The innumer- able peaks differ materially in physical structure and plastic form, and geologically they are quite unlike the ordinary mountain formations. Instead of the usual folds or fragments of arches, so commonly seen else- where, the Catskill crags are masses of piled-up strata in the original horizontal position. Vast masses of con- glomerate, presenting all the conditions of a huge pile of quicksand in its primitive stage, prior to its conver- sion into stone, are seen all through the range. Thus the theory of a high plateau originally seems clearly establiBhed. Glacial action is fuUy indicated, thirteen 129f each yiBitationB having been distinctly traced and their angle of direction recorded. Professor Arnold Guyot, who made more careful and scientific investigation and personal observation of the Catskills than any other man, having spent seventeen summers in the range, was led to conclude that in pre-historic ages the surface of the earth had ten times more water upon it than now, and this water was then the great agent in the confor- mation or transformation of the earth's crust. Other scientific writers and geologists have woven still more ingenious theories concerning this erratic and charming group of mountains, and with far less personal knowl- edge or data. And yet there is room for investigation, conjecture and speculation. The rugged and beautiful crags rise in the air 3,000 and 4,000 feet and their mas- sive and precipitous slopes, clothed in cyclopean mantles of living green, with the smiling and verdant valleys all between, are there and have been for ages, defying the assaults of Time, baffling the research and thought of man and challenging our admiration for all time to come. There is, too, a wealth of Indian lore and Dutch tradition regarding the Catskill region which the skilled romancer may readily adapt to the fertile fancies of his creative imagination and serve up with graphic detail. Who has not read every line of "Rip Van Winkle " and drank in every word of the eloquent tales of the immortal Cooper, who made "Natty Bumpo " the most eloquent woodsman that ever lived t Hear him as he stands on one of the crowning crags overlooking the valley of the Hudson : " I was on that hill when Vaughn burnt 'Sopus in the last war, and I seen the vessels come out of the High- lands as plainly as I can see that lime-scow moving into the Susquehanna, though one was twenty times further from me than the other. The river was in sight for seventy miles under my feet, looking like a curled shaving, though it was eight long miles to its banks. 1 saw the hills in the Hampshire grants, the Highlands of the river, and all that God had done, or man can do, as far as the eye could reach ; and as for 'Sopus, the day the royal troops burnt the town, the smoke seemed 30 nigh that I thought I could hear the screeches of the women. "If being the best part of a mile in the air, and having views of farms and houses at your feet, with rivers looking like ribbons, and mountains seeming to be hay-stacks of green grass under you, give any satis- faction to a man, I can recommend the spot. When I first came into the woods to live I used to have weak spells, and I felt lonesome, and then I would go into the Catskills and spend a few days on that hill to look at the ways of man." It would indeed be difficult even now to set forth the advantages of this charming summer region more clearly and eloquently than this noted character of modem fiction has done in the paragraphs quoted. He was the first person who soug'ht the Catskills for the restoration 131 of paimired health, bo far as we have definite record, and it would seem, therefore, simple justice to accord to "Leather-Stocking-" the honor of discovering- and proclaiming to the world the great health-giving- proper- ties and revitalizing influences for which the Catskills have since become so justly famous. How well he has depicted the scenic beauty of these hills of the sky can never be extolled too hig-hly. When asked, *'What see you when you get there ? " he drops his fishing rod into the water and exclaims enthusiastically : " Creation ! All creation, lad ! " He had never read a book in his life, and yet his descrip- tions of the Catskills, their wild-wood wonders and beauties, have never been equalled. Note this gem which bubbles spontaneously from his lips as he looks into the pretty Kaaterskill stream which makes that wondrous water-fall at the Laurel House, where the water plunges madly over and down the rocks for three hundred feet : *' A drop for the old Hudson, and a merry time it has till it gets down off the mountain. I've sat on this shelving rock many a long hour, boy, and watched the bubbles as they shot by me, and thought how long it would be before that very water, which seemed made for the wilderness, would be under the bottom of a vessel, and tossing in the salt sea. It is a spot to make man solemnize. You can see right down into the valley that lies to the east of the High Peak, where in the fall of the year thousands of acres of woods are before your eyes in the deep hollow and along the side of the mountain, painted like ten thousand rainbows by no hand of man, though not without the ordering of God's providence." How much of beauty there is in this water of the Catskills. At every turn of the road, the low murmur of running water sounds upon the ear of the stroller. The cold, sparkling water ripples to the sunshine in a million tiny streamlets, each making music as it goes. It trinkles slowly over the cool, green mossy bank, plunges wildly over the precipice, throwing its gentle spray over the surrounding foliage, or sending it up in a soft mist which catches the sunbeams and paints the rainbow ; it bubbles from a thousand crystal springs on the mountain side, and anon goes tumbling and roaring through the deep, dark gorges on its winding way to the river, babbling and singing merrily in melodious strains and rythmic measure, hastening among the smooth and indifferent pebbles, or over sinuous and obstructing roots. It lies slumbering in deep, placid lakes, whose smooth surface mirrors the romantic beauty of the leafy slopes and margins, and again it gathers in the dark and ang^y clouds around, and just over our heads ; the vivid Ughtning flashes, and the thunder shakes the mountain with its warning. Down it pours in torrents, or in the pelting hail, driven at times, by mad and violent winds, or with pretty, coquet- tish sunbeams, scattered all between. Up, in turn, it rises to the air above, slowly but steadily there to float 183 of and fro, flitting up the cafiona in long, filmy streamer!, lingering quietly at eventide on the easel of the western sky, as if to catch the gorgeous and beautiful tints reflected from the retiring orb of day, or silently and mysteriously at night, while we sleep, gathering in the tiny dew-drop, that sparkles in the morning sunshine, more gloriously and more beautifully than all the bril- liant gems of the earth beside. The facile pen of Washington Irving has also con- tributed very much to the enchantment and immortali- zation of this shadow-land of legend and romance. And his name must ever be coupled with that of Cooper in the fabrication of this mystic halo which is destined to outlive the towering old crags themselves. The brushmarks of their eloquent imaginations are as fresh to-day as when first they fell upon the pliant canvas of the future. Irving traced the name " Catskill," or ** Katskill," to the time of the Dutch domination ; it being derived, as he thought, from the catamounts which then infested the region more abundantly than now, although the animal is often seen there yet. But the black bear is more numerous and many are captured all through the range every winter. Irving regarded these mountains as the fairy regions of the Hudson. He quaintly relates how the great treasury of storm and sunshine was presided over by the spirit of an old Indian squaw who dwelt among these hills. *' She made new moons every month," he says, '' and hung them up in the sky, cutting up the old ones into stars. The great Manitou, or master spirit, employing her to manufacture clouds. Some- times she wove them out of cobwebs, gossamers, and morning dew, and sent them off, flake after flake, to float in the air and give light summer showers. Some- times she would blow up black thunder-storms and send down drenching rains to swell the streams and sweep everything away." As to these superstitions he aptly continues, "They may have been suggested by the atmospherical phenomena of these mountains, the clouds which gather around their summits and the thousand aerial effects which indicate the changes of weather over a great extent of country. They are epitomes of our variable climate, and are stamped with all its vicissitudes, which are too often made the subject of excessive repining. If they annoy us occasionally by changes — they give us one of the most beautiful climates in the world — the brilliant sunshine of the south of Europe, with the fresh verdure of the north. They float our summer sky with clouds of gorgeous tints or breezy whiteness, and send down cooling showers to refresh the panting earth and keep it green. Our seasons are all poetical, the phenomena of our heavens are full of sublimity and beauty. The splendor of this Catskill summer — its morning voluptuousness and evening glory — its airy palaces of sun-gilt clouds, piled up in a deep azure sky, and its gusts of tempest of almost tropical grandeur, when the forked Ughtning and the bellowing thunder volley, from the battlements 135 of heaven, shake the sultry atmosphere and the sublime melancholy of our Autumn, magnificent in its decay, withering- down the pomp and pride of a woodland country, yet reflecting- back from its yellow forests the g-olden serenity of the sky ! " It is now two hundred and eig-hteen years ag-o that these Catskill lands were purchased from the Indians. On July 8, 1678, a company of Dutch and Eng-lish gen- tlemen, at the Stadt Huis, in Albany, met Mahak- Neminan, the Indian, and six representatives of his tribe, for the purpose of effecting- the purchase of this region. The title, with its curious hierog-lyphics, was passed, and the aboriginal owners of the ** Onteoras," it is said, disappeared from the locality soon after. Concerning- this newly acquired territory for a century after that the record is strangely incomplete. Some writers have suspected that the veracious chroniclers of that early period were in prophetic leag-ue with the famous author of ** Rip Van Winkle," who came upon the scene many years later, and was thus enabled to let his fancy run untrammelled by any conflicting- details of current history. Be that as it may, it was not until 1823 that the first summer hotel in the Catskills was built. This rude little structure stood on the historic site now occupied by the Catskill Mountain House, which, as will be seen, is the pioneer hotel in the rang-e. This famous resort will thus open for its eig-hteenth season this year. Coming- into the possession of Mr. C. L. Beach by accident, he at first soug-ht only to entertain his friends who might chance to visit him, his larg-e business connections having- secured a wide circle of acquaintance in this and other lands. But the transcendant natural beauty and grandeur of the place attracted visitors far beyond his facilities for entertain- ment, and he was forced to enlarg-e his building-s from time to time. Some ten or twelve years later the noted Laurel House, at the head of the famous Kaaterskill Falls, beg-an to entertain summer visitors under the management of the genial and well-remembered Schutt. These two houses then were quite suflRicient to accom- modate all who visited the Catskills, and no other hotels were built or needed during several years succeeding. In fact, the mountain visitors of that period consisted of artists, poets, authors and people of eminence mainly. To reach the place was a long and tiresome journey at best and not wholly free from danger over the rude, unbeaten roads, and it was also attended by considerable expense. Very little was known of the region, its beauties or advantages as a sanitarium, and it was not until some years later that these mountains began to enter upon tneir career as a popular summer region. Even so late as 1870 it was estimated that not over two thousand persons came in the range. But after that the advent of fleet Hudson river steamers and mountain railways brought rapid and steady development, and the summer contingents of the Catskills soon increased to its present marvelous proportions, when a conserva- tive estimate would place the annual number of visitors 137 at nearly of three hundred thousand. The facilities access and means of entertainment are now so ample and complete, and the cost of a mountain sojourn so moderate, that additional thousands are attracted each succeeding season. With such mammoth and palatial resorts as Hotel Kaaterskill, Catskill Mountain House, Laurel House, the Antlers, the New Grand, Churchill Hall, the Grant, Prospect Park, and many others which might well be mentioned, and the thousand or more besides, large and small, which dot the range in every locality, visitors of every name and nature cannot fail to secure such comforts and entertainment as they may desire or be willing to pay for. But to the average CatskiD visitor, who comes ex- hausted and enervated from a busy and laborious life in the hot and dirty city, the very best and most important of all the many attractions which the Catskill region has to offer is the invigorating air. For breath- ing purposes these mountains are certainly unexcelled, and if they were bereft of every other desirable feature this alone would make the region of inestimable value for summer life and fully warrant all its claims as a popular summer resort. For surely without this health promoting factor the mountain menu would be sadly deficient, and the enchanting scenery would count for very little. Here amid these hills one may drink in new vitality at every breath. The strong, dry air of the upper eleva- tions rummages around through the lungs and uncovers a million or more disused cells the existence of which we had never once suspected. Then comes a gi'and hygienic jubilee which stimulates the appetite, flushes the cheeks, quickens the pulse and surcharges the whole system with new strength and energy, thus reinforcing and refitting us for the resumption of our life work. This sanitary aspect of the summer vacation is com- paratively a modern discovery which even to this day is not fully understood nor accorded the importance it deserves. We not only escape the heat, the oppressive humidity, the dirt, the noise and the vitiated, second- hand air of the cities when we come to the Catskills, but we get a host of beneficient atmospheric influences which Nature compounds so mysteriously up here in her aerial laboratories and sends bounding through our weakened organic structure without money and without price. We may thus leave behind for a time the dregs of city civilization, the cares and annoyances of business and the foolish demands of society, and run out among these glorious hills, the rocks, the green trees and fields, the fresh air and breeze-tempered sunshine, where the brooks babble and gurgle melodiously and the birds sing joyously to the whispering accompaniment of the peaceful leaves. Another important factor in the summer vacation is the great need of change, and this is quite as imperative as any other element, perhaps. We need change of scene, thought and action, atjeast once each year. The monotonous routine of our daily lives must be broken in upon. The human mind was not made to rust out in 138 any single groove, no matter how smoothly and swiftly may seem to move along in that congenial groove for a time. Change is a law of nature ; no two days are ever alike. Our skies are continually changing, and the seasons are a succession of changes. A month or two of real country life in summer has grown to be a necessity which the average worker in the city can ignore only at his peril. It makes it possible to enjoy the town life during the rest of the year. And now with all the varied facilities for travel afforded by the palatial steamers of the Day Line, and the frequent railway trains which hourly move through the charming Hudson river valley, the many mountain hotels amid the enchanting Catskills ; with all this ready ease of access and at such trifling cost, there is indeed little excuse for remaining in town during the summer. The sail up the magnificent Hudson by daylight is in itself worth ten times its cost in money and time in any and every aspect in which it can be presented. Concerning the various localities in the Catskill region which continue to vie with each other in attractions and advantages little need be said in these pages. Each has its peculiar charms which rarely fail to attract a full quota of visitors. Those who prefer the higher altitudes will select such resorts as Hotel Kaaterskill, the old Catskill Mountain House, Laurel House, the Antlers, and the numerous houses in the Haines Falls, Tannersville and Hunter region, for the Greene county section ; and those who desire the western and southei-n Catskills, may sojourn delightfully at the New Grand, the many Pine Hill hotels, Churchill Hall, or some one of the numerous charming houses in the pretty villages of Stamford, Grand Gorge, Roxbury, Shandaken, and other points on the Ulster & Delaware Railroad, which have grown so popular in recent years. Others will stop at Cairo, Windham, Prattsville, Palenville, or the Grant House down near the river at Catskill village, all of which are most easily and conveniently reached by the famous steel steamers of the Hudson River Day Line, which offer a choice of two routes to the resorts of the Catskills, via either Kingston Point or Catskill. 140 jsmrrm ^ Otis Railway— Looking Down. 141 THE :0TI8 EAILWAI. The sensation of the Oatskills, and one of its most popular features, is the new Otis Railway, which is built on the almost perpendicular slope of the Mountain, and extends from Otis Junction on the Catskill Mountain Railway to Otis Summit Station at the top of the Mountains. It is an incline railway 7,000 feet long. In that distance it ascends 1,600 feet and attains an elevation of 2,200 feet above the Hudson River. In length, elevation, overcome and carrying capacity it exceeds any other incline railway in the world. It was built and first opened for traflBc in 1892. It is operated by powerful stationary engines and huge steel wire cables, and the method employed i;-' similar to that used by the Otis Elevator Company for elevators in buildings. On the top of the power house, in which are located the two 100 horse-power engines that hoist and lower the cars, is a tower, and in this stands the operator, with his three levers, and manages both cars. He is in electric communication with each. The cars are open front, back and at the sides, so that no part of the magnificent panorama, extending for miles and miles on every side is lost to view. The road is indeed a remarkable piece of engineering. The chief engineer of the road, Mr. Thomas E, Brown, also designed and built the elevators of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and of El Dorado at Weehawken. The only other inclined road in this country ol importance is the one on Lookout Mountain. There is also on in Switzerland and one on Mount Vesuvius. The Otis, however, is acknowledged to be the most perfect piece of engineering ol the four. Every safeguard has been provided so that an accident of any kind is practically impossible. Should the machinery break, the cables snap or tracks spread, an ingenious automatic device would stop the cars at once. A passenger car and baggage car are attached to each end of double cables which pass around immense drums located at the top of the incline. While on train rises the other descends, passing each other midway. By this arrangement trains carrying from seventy-five to one hundred passengers can be run in each direction every fifteen minutes when necessary, the time required for a trip being only ten minutes. This is a vast improvement over the old way of making the ascent of the mountains by stage, as it reduces the time fully one and a half hours besides adding gi-eatly to the pleasure of the trip. The ride up the mountains on the incline; railway is a novel and delightful experience and is alone worth a visit to the Catskills. As the train ascends, the magnificent panorama of the valley of the Hudson extending for miles and miles is gradually unfolded ; while the river itself, like a ribbon of silver glistening in the sun, and the Berkshire Hills in the distance seem to rise up to the view of the passenger. At the summit of the incline, stages are taken for the Hotel Kaater- skill and Catskill Mountain House, and direct connection is made with the Catskill and Tannersville R. R. for Laurel House, Haines Falls and Tannersville. 142 Interior of a Catskill Mountain Cottage. COTTAGE LIFE IN THE OATSKILLS. One of the most marvelous features attending the wonderful development of the Catskill mountain region as a summer resort, has been the unique but extremely pleasant system of cottage life. Whether its inception was due to an original lack of suita- ble accommodations or to the exclusiveness of some of the earlier sojourners in the mountains, it is impossible to say, but begin- ning in a modest way with plain yet rustic structures, the system has developed and expanded, until to-day, among the hundreds of cottages that have been erected, are found some of great cost and beauty, containing all the requirements of a model home. Every season witnesses a large addition to the number, from the quaint log cabin, picturesquely embellished by the ingenuity of the designer with such natural productions as nature has placed at his immediate command, the entire outlay, including the building site, representing but a few hundred dollars, to be elaborate and stately villa, with its granite chimneys and artistic towers and minarets, involving an expense of thousands. The proximity of the Catskill region to the great cities of the Eastern seaboard, its ease of access, requiring but a few hours travel from New York, and the consequent limited expense for transportation, combined with the wonderful natural beauties the 144 mountains offer, their acknowledged healthfulness, pure bracing air, clear crystal water and the absolute freedom from malaria or insects, have united to produce the greatest and most popular health and pleasure resort on this continent. For a man of family nothing could be more delightful than the possession of a summer home of this kind, and the constant in- crease in the number of cottages built each year is conclusive evidence that this fact is becoming better appreciated as the many advantages of the Catskill Mountains as a summer resort become more widely known. COTTAGE PAEKS, Camps and cottage parks have become quite an important fea- ture of Catskill Mountain life, and this season will probably see a still further development of the idea. The Catskill Camp and Cottage Company have selected a spot comprising over one thousand acres of land, to which they have applied the pretty Indian name of Onteora, or Hills of the Sky, and are making it one of the most charming spots in the Catskills. Twilight Park is another attractive cottage settlement in the same vicinity, an outgrowth of the New York Twilight Club. It numbers some well-known people among its membership. The Elka Club has also a large track at the base of Spruce Top, near Mink Hollow. The club-house is very attractive, and is said to|have cost in the neighborhood of $30,000. Owing to its high elevation, the cottagers have fine views all around. Schoharie Manor, a new and beautiful park two and one-half miles south of Tannersville, is one of the most delightful of all the parks in the Catskill region. Located at the base of Spruce Top, a spur of Plateau Moun- tain, at an altitude of 2,200 feet, it commands a picturesque view of High Peak and Round Top to the right; Parker Mountain and Black Dome Range in front; and the East Jewett Range to the left. Sunset Park, so named from the magnificent sunsets that can be seen from its high elevation of 2,500 feet, is situated at the head of the famous Kaaterskiil Clove, near Haines Falls. Its location is unsurpassed, and it is one of the most popular of the many parks in this part of the Catskills. Santa Cruz Park is also situated near the head of the Kaaters- kiil Clove, about one-half mile from Haines Falls. The park is 2,100 feet above sea level, and being in a hemlock district possesses a dry tonic air. The view is unsurpassed for its beauty and extent. The Ledgemoor Mountain Club preserve on the east slope of South Mountain, near Otis Junction on the Catskill Mountain Railway, is the latest addition to the parks. The Club has the magificent Hudson Valley view stretching off" in the distance for miles into four states. The features of the Club are the strict entrance requirements and the modest yet attractive bungalows and cottages. All of these parks, and some other atti-active cottage settle- ments, are reached most conveniently by the Otis road, in con- nection with the new Catskill and Tannersville R. R. 145 HIGH PEAKS OF THE OATSKILLS. Their Elevation and Usual Route of Approach.— Nearest Village or Habitable Valley in their Vicinity. Feet. Slide Mountain, from J. W. Butcher's, Big Indian, Ulster Co 4,220 Hunter Mountain, Hunter Village, Greene Co 4,052 Black Dome Mountain, Hensonville, Greene Co 4,004 Thomas Cole Mountain, Greene Co 3,975 Black Head, Cairo, Greene Co ... 3,965 Mount Cornell, Woodland Valley, near Phoenicia, Ulster Co 3,920 Big West Kill Mountain, West Kill, Greene Co 3,900 Vly Mountain, Lexington, Greene Co 3,888 Balsam Mountain, Big Indian, Ulster Co 3,888 Graham Mountain, Dry Brook, Ulster Co 3,886 Peakamoose Mountain, Watson Hollow, Shokan,Ulster Co. 3,875 Table Mountain, Watson Hollow, Shokan, Ulster Co 3,875 Plateau Mountain, Tannersville, Greene Co 3,855 The Wittenberg Mountain, Woodland Valley, Ulster Co. . 3,824 Van Valkenburgh Peak, Spruceton, Greene Co 3,824 Sugar Loaf or Mink Mountain, Tannersville, Greene Co.. 3,807 Big Indian, from Big Indian, Ulster Co 3,800 Kaaterskill High Peak, Haines Falls, Greene Co 3,800 Panther Mountain, Big Indian, Ulster Co 3,800 Twin Mountain, Tannersville, Greene Co 3,650 Evergreen Mountain, Spruceton, Greene Co 3,826 Indian Head, Tannersville,,Greene Co 3,581 Eagle Mountain, Big Indian, Ulster Co 3,566 Windham, High Peak, East Windham, Greene Co 3,534 Round Top, Tannersville or Haines Falls, Greene Co 3,500 Bloomberg, Prattsville, Greene Co 3,456 North Mountain, Catskill Mountain House, Greene Co. . . . 3,460 Mount Pisgah, Delhi, Delaware Co 3,425 Mount Utsayantha, Stamford, Delaware Co 3,365 Huntersfield Mountain, Prattsville, Greene Co 3,300 Overlook Mountain, Woodstock, Ulster Co 3,300 Mount Richmond, Windham, Greene Co 3,202 Colonel's Chair Mountain, Hunter, Greene Co 3,200 Platterkill Mountain, Tannersville 3,200 East Kill Mountain, Hunter, Greene Co 3,190 High Point Mountain, Shokan, Ulster Co 3,100 Jewett Mountain, Jewett Heights, Greene Co 3,025 Mount Jeflferson, Jefferson, Schoharie Co 3,000 Tower Mountain, Jewett Heights, Greene Co 2,931 Mount Pisgah, Windham, Greene^ Co 2,905 Mount Hayden, Windham,' Greene Co 2,900 Bramley Mountain, Delhi, Delaware Co 2,850 Onteora Mountain, Onteora Park, Greene Co 2,685 Mount Garfield, Allaben,;Ulster Co 2,650 Tysten-Eyck, Brown's Station 2,600 Mount McGregor, Delhi, Delaware Co 2,550 South Mountain, Hotel Kaaterskill, Greene Co 2,500 Mount Sheridan, Phcenicia, Ulster Co 2,490 Summit Mountain, Grand Hotel Station, Pine Hill, Ulster Co 2,482 Clum Hill, Tannersville, Greene Co 2,372 "Pine Orchard," Catskill Mountain House, Greene Co. . . . 2,227 Mount Tobias, Lake Hill, Ulster Co 2jOOO 146 OATSKILL MOUNTAIN KESORTS. Rkached Br Day Link Stbambrs and direct cokwkctions. Excursion Rates given are from New York. 1 ; AORA, GREENE COUNTY. El. 775 feet. Three miles from Cairo station on Catskill Moun- tain Ry. No. Guests. Rate per wk. 25 Mrs.W. J. Olmsted, Creekside Cottage.. $7 30 E. J. Burns, Cherry Lawn Villa Apply 100 L. H. Stone, Grove Side Cottage 7 25 G, Simpson, Simpson Manor 7 25 J. W. Webster, Webster Homestead. . . 7 to 10 20 G. W. Stone, Breezy Lawn 6 to 7 20 Mrs. Margaret Carman, Hill Top Cottage 6 to 7 15 Frank H. Vaughn, Cottage Retreat. ... 6 to 8 25 J. S Horgan, Oscawana Cottage 7 40 G. W. Cartwright, Mountain View House 6 to 7 12 Oliver E. White, White House 7 20 J. T. Lennon, Echo Farm House 7 150 L. Schoenfeld, Tremont House 10 to 12 40 A. David Friz, Mountain Retreat 6 to 8 15 Charles Matson, Evelyn Farm 6 to 8 20 John F.Chappell, Burnhams Homestead 7 ALLABBN, ULSTER COUNTY. El. 990 feet. One mile from Shandaken station on Ulster & Delaware R. R. 25 Hotel AUaben, George H. Gulnick. . . . $10 toJl2 25 I. MacGregor, Breezy Lawn 8 to^lO 20 G. B. Riseley, Maple Lawn 10 to 12 10 Mrs. F. E. Benjamin, Locust Cottage. . 7 to 10 10 Mrs. A. D. Griffin, Orchard Grove Apply ANDES, DELAWARE COUNTY. , El. 1300 feet. Twelve miles from Arkville on the Delaware & Eastern R. R. 25 Isaac Samuels, Valley View Farm Apply 12 Mrs. John C. Fowler, Meadow Brook Farm $71 8 Henry V. Wagstafif, Fletcher Farm 6 to 8 147 ARENA, DELAWARE COUNTT. El. 1750 feet. Eight miles from Arkville on the Delaware A Eastern R. R. No. Guests. Rate per wk. 45 W. J. Davidson, Riverside Farm $6 to 8 60 C. E. Miner, Hotel Miner 8 to 10 18 A. White, White Cottage 7 10 H. J. De Silva, Terracedale Farm Apply 15 Eldridge Dickson, Dickson Cottage. .. . 7 15 Mrs. Roselle Tompkins 6 Approaching Kingston Point. ARKVILLE, DELAWARE COUNTY. El. 1344 feet. Fifty miles from Kingston Point on U. & D.R. R. Excursion rate, $5.20. 60 Kutner House Apply 30 Commercial House Apply 125 Patakin Inn Apply 20 R. Brownell Apply 60 Rev. Benj. Kolber, The Kolbert House $10 50 H. Longyear, Fairview 8 to 10 36 Berton Todd 7 to 15 148 No. guests. Rate per wk. 20 A. J. Benedict & Son/Fresli Air Farm $7 12 Mrs. R. W. Sanford, Sanford Cottage. . 7 to 10 8 Myron Todd, Pleasant View Farm. .. . 7 , 10 Mrs. Rachel A. Todd, Todd's Farm House 7 ASHLAND, GREENE COUNTY. El. 1450 feet. Ten miles from Hunter station on S. C. & C. M. R. R. 10 M. A. Voorhees Apply 20 G. W. Ferow Apply ASHTON, ULSTER COUNTY. El. 511 feet. One-half mile from Olive Branch station on U. & D. R. R. 12 James Milligan Apply 30 C. H. Warren, Mountain tstar Apply 15 J. E. Cook, Olive Farm House Apply 30 George J. Whittle Apply ATHENS, GREENE COUNTY. Four miles from Catskill. 120 Green Lake Homestead, Joseph Mc- GrifiFert A Son $7 to 10 100 J. M. Day, Green Lake Hotel 8 to 12 HO J. B. Edwards, Green Lake Overlook. . . 7 25 J. Sterritt, Green Lake Farm 6 12 A. D. Leeman, Cedar Hill Cottage 7 to 10 18 Ida L. Jamison, Jamison Cottage. ... 7 to 8 BATES, SCHOHARIE COUNTY. El. 1650 feet. Twenty miles from Cairo station on Catskill Mountain R. R. 20 J.W.Vaughn, Hopeland House $7] BEACHE'S CORNERS, GREENE COUNTY. ili 1. 1600 feet. Four miles from Hunter station on U. & I). R. R. 20 W. H. Ward, Clermont $7 to 9 35 J. G. Beers Apply 30 SladeA Jones, The Vining Farm House 7 to 10 40 Pleasant Mountain House Apply BEARSVILLE, ULSTER COUNTY. El. 700 feet. Seven miles from West Hurley station on U. & D. R. R. 30 Henry P. Van de Bogart $7 to 8 15 John P. Lasher 7 to 10 i4y BIG INDIAN, ULSTER COUNTY. El. 1210 feet. ^ Thirty-eight miles from Kingston Point on U. k D. R. R. Excursion rate $4.60. No. Guests. Rate per wk. 60 The Chieftain, M. Zeisler Apply 60 James Donohue, Forest Home $8 to 10 20 Mrs. D. C. Butcher, Shady Cottage... Apply 15 Chas. M. Hummell Apply 25 Geo. A. Butcher, The Arlington 7 to 9 25 Mrs. V. K. Knight, Terrace Cottage. . 7 to 10 40 J. Barnum, Cold Spring House 7 to 12 25 Mrs. N. Smith, Green Meadow 8 to 12 25 Isaac Smith, Brookside Farm Apply 20 Mrs. 0. J. Molyneaux, Farm House. . . 6 to 8 40 G. W. Lament, Lament's Hotel 7 to 10 40 Mrs. W. E. Pomeroy, Griffin House. . . 7 25 '^W. E. Garrison, The Garrison 8 to 10 20 M. G. Thompson, Willow Cottage ..... 8 to 10 Peakamoose Gorge. 151 BIG HOLLOW,^GREENE(^COUNTY. El. 1758 feet. Six miles from Hunter station on U. . R. R. 90 Tower Mt. House Apply 30 John P. Race, Elm Tree House $7 to 10 50 G. H. Chase, Jewett Heights House. . . Apply 25 J. H. McEwan, Jr., Mountain Farm House 7 KAATERSKILL, GREENE COUNTY. Eight miles from Kaaterskill Junction on U. & D.R. R. Excur- sion rate, $5.10. Also accessible via Catskill Mt. and Otis Elevating Rys.from Catskill to Otis Summit. Excursion rate, $4.85. 1,200 Hotel Kaaterskill Apply KELLY'S CORNERS, DELAWARE COUNTY. El. 1370 feet. Fifty-three miles from Kingston Point on U. & D. R. R. Excursion rate, $5.35. 15 W. G. Kelly Apply 6 James Seager Apply KISKATOM, GREENE COUNTY. El. 687 feet. Five miles from Catskill. 40 Mountain View Apply 150 Glenwood Hotel, W. Bramson $9 & up 30 Mrs. E. G. Savage, Colonial Homestead. 7 to 9 30 John Hoclum, Orchard Grove 7 to 10 25 Frank Lasher, Elm Lawn 7 to 8 KORTRIGHT STATION, DELAWARE COUNTY. El. 1600 feet. Ninety-two miles from Kingston Point on U. & D. R. R. Excursion rate, $7.75. No. Guests. Rate per wk. 8 J. C. MacLowry, Kartright Inn $7 KRUMVILLE, ULSTER COUNTY. El. 750 feet. Five miles from Broadheads Bridge station on U. & D. R. R. 65 Elisha Merrihew, Rock View Cottage. Apply 60 Benj. Merrihew, Beaver Lake $7 to 8 165 LAKE2HILL, ULSTER COUNTY. ili'l. 750 feet. Four miles from ML Pleasant station on U. & D. R. R. 10 M. Sagendorf, Lake Side House $6 25 C. V. Schultz, Mountain Rest 8 to 12 30 R.R.Wilbur Apply 20 S.G.Wilbur Apply 20 James Wilbur Apply 20 S. A. Mosher Apply 75 Wilbur House Apply LANESVILLE, GREENE COUNTY. Thirty-three miles from Kingston Point on U. ' LEXINGTON,;.GREENElCOUNTY. El. 1320 feet. Ten miles from Shandaken depot on U. & D. R. R. Nine miles from Hunter depot on U. / '^ ^ 179 THE CORNER, ULSTER COUNTY. El. 690 feet. One-half mile from Mt. Pleasant station on U. k, D. R. R, No. Guests. Rate per wk. 40 Mrs. C. Meister Apply 60 Bennett House Apply 25 Slierman Loekwood Apply 20 Frank Smith, The Willows $7 to 10 40 Lamson House. 8 to 10 UNION GROVE, DELAWARE COUNTY. El. 1200 feet. Eleven miles from Arkville on D.