MEW EDITION— 1887, 
 
 
 CHASLES SCRISNER'S SONS 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
LAWN TENNIS 
 
 AS A GAME OF SKILL. 
 
TENNIS DEPA RTMENT. 
 
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 24:1 Broadway J 
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NEW EDITION— 1887. 
 
 Lawn Tennis 
 
 AS A GAME OF SKILL 
 
 WITH LATEST REVISED LAWS AS FLA YED 
 BY THE BEST CLUBS 
 
 LIEUT, s.^o: f/peile 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 RICHARD D. SEARS 
 
 NEW YORK 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 1887 
 
Copyright, 18S5, 18S7, by 
 CHARLES SCRIBXKRS SO::^S. 
 
PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. 
 
 Mk. Peile, in treating lawn tennis as a game 
 of skilly seems to me to have written what 
 should be of substantial service to those who 
 care to devote some time and pains to a thor- 
 ough understanding of the game, and to the 
 improvement of their play ; and I am glad to 
 accept the invitation of the publishers to add 
 a few notes suggested by my own experience, 
 and to commend Mr. Peile^s book to American 
 tennis players. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to speak of the rapid 
 progress the game has made in this country. 
 Every one even in a remote degree interested 
 in out-of-door sports has marked its growing 
 popularity, until now every section has its ten- 
 nis clubs, its ^^ crack^^ players who first vie with 
 each other for local championships, and later 
 on put in an appearance at the national tourna- 
 ments which occur each summer at Newport, 
 
6 PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. 
 
 to try their skill with the best players in the 
 country. 
 
 It has often been said, and very truly, that 
 games cannot be learnt from books, or, at all 
 events, that the knowledge gained from books 
 profiteth a man nothing if not supplemented by 
 actual experience. This book is written simply 
 to help the player to an understanding of the 
 science of the game, to point out faults to 
 which even expert players are sometimes ad- 
 dicted, and to lead the reader to direct and de- 
 velop what skill he may be possessed of. 
 
 Although Mr. Peile writes for English play- 
 ers, who have established the game wherever 
 England has possessions, his good advice applies 
 with equal force to all players everywhere, the 
 laws which govern the game being always the 
 same. The few slight differences between the 
 rules adopted by the English and American as- 
 sociations were revised only a short time ago to 
 agree with each other. 
 
 E. D. SEAES. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAQB 
 PitEFACE, • . . , .5 
 
 I. HINTS TO BEGINNERS, . . .9 
 
 II. COMMON FAUIiTS, • * . . . 16 
 
 III- COUBTS, NETS, AND APPURTENANCES, . 23 
 
 IV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND CLUB RULES, . 30 
 
 Y. THE SINGLE GAME, . . .36 
 
 VJ. THE DOUBLE GAME, . . .44 
 
 VII. RULES THAT ARE OFTEN DISREGARDED. 
 
 THEIR OBJECT, AND REASONS THEREOF, . 54 
 
 VIII. WHEN TO TAKE A BISQUE, . . 62 
 
 IX. A CHAPTER FOR LADIES, . , ,68 
 
 LAWS OF LAWN TENNIS AS ADOPTED BY THE 
 
 U. S. N. L. T. A., . . . . 78 
 
 DECISIONS BY THE ^^ FIELD," 1881-83, . . 85 
 
 RULES FOR UMPIRES, . . . .88 
 
8 CONTENTS. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING METHOD OF CALCULATING DIF- 
 FERENTIAL ODDS, . . . .89 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL LAWN 
 
 TENNIS ASSOCIATION, 1887, . . 92 
 
 LIST OF CLUBS BELONGING TO THE UNITED STATES 
 
 NATIONAL LAWN TENNIS ASSOCIATION, . 93 
 
 LIST OF WINNERS OF AMERICAN CHAMPIONSHIP 
 
 MATCHES, . . . . .98 
 
 RECORDS OF TOURNAMENTS DURING SEASON OF 1886, 98 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 I.— HINTS TO BEGINNERS. 
 
 IN compiling a few hints and suggestions for 
 the benefit of the inexperienced player, I can- 
 not do better than begin with the ^' service/^ The 
 first rule in serving — and one that is much disre- 
 garded — is that ^^ one foot must be on the base- 
 line and the other foot behind that line, but not 
 necessarily upon the ground/^ 
 
 There are, generally speaking, three sorts of 
 ^^ service/^ which admit, of course, of varia- 
 tions : 
 
 1. The over-hand service. 
 
 2. The under-hand service^ with twist or cut. 
 
 3. The '^ plain^^ service, delivered with the arm 
 
 in as nearly a horizontal position as pos- 
 sible. 
 I should myself incline to think that the over- 
 
10 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 hand service, if delivered hard and effectively, is 
 the best, as it is difficult to ^^ place^^ in the return ; 
 but I should recommend beginners to give each 
 sort of service a fair trial^ and then adopt the one 
 which they can^ with the greatest certainty, get 
 over the net with sufficient pace, screw, or cut on 
 to prevent the adversary from doing '^^what he 
 likes with it/^ 
 
 You see many players attempt a terrifically 
 hard service the first time, which seldom escapes 
 being a ^^fault^^ ; they then toss their second ser- 
 vice over in such a manner that it is almost a cer- 
 tain ^^ ace" for their opponents. The inutility of 
 a very easy service is more noticeable in a single 
 than in a double game, as in the former there is, 
 of course, greater opportunity for ^^ placing." 
 
 This erratic first service, followed by an easy 
 second one, is a great, though very common, mis- 
 take. It would be much better to give a moder- 
 ately difficult service the first time ; and this, 
 with practice, can be acquired by almost any 
 player. 
 
HIKTS TO BEGIKNEKS. 11 
 
 To players of some experience, I would venture 
 to offer the following advice : Try to cultivate a 
 useful second service, in case of the first one being 
 a fault. 
 
 As I am, however, writing more for the benefit 
 of beginners, I will try to explain — though it is 
 not easy to do so without diagrams — the position 
 the body and limbs should assume while deliver- 
 ing the three different sorts of service alluded 
 to: 
 
 1. The Over-hand Service, 
 
 Throw the ball up to the point that the centre 
 of your bat reaches, when held above your head. 
 Throw it rather to the right front, and then cut 
 at it from left to right. This ^^ cut,^^ though 
 rather diminishing the pace of the ball, will help 
 it to remain in court, and, if properly executed, 
 will cause it to swerve slightly before bounding, 
 and afterwards to twist to your own left, or, of 
 course, to the adversary's right. This I look upon 
 as the service most to be depended on, if you do 
 
12 LAW:^r TEIS'KIS. 
 
 not try to force too much pace on it ; if a '' fault/' 
 repeat the same process, rather more slowly. 
 This was the service affected by the Messrs. Een- 
 shaw last year at Wimbledon, where I was fortu- 
 nate enough to see them play. 
 
 2. The Under-hand Twist Service, 
 
 Let the ball drop low, to within, say 10 inches 
 of the ground, rather to your right front ; bend 
 the body, and cut at it from right to left : this 
 will cause the ball to twist to your right, or to the 
 adversarjr's left, after the bound. The back-hand 
 service should be delivered in much the same 
 manner, except that the ball need not be dropped 
 quite so low, and, of course, the cut administered 
 will be from left to right, causing the ball to twist, 
 after the bound, towards the adversary's right. I 
 have noticed that lady-players are, as a rule, much 
 puzzled by a ^^ twister^' ; they would do well to 
 remember that a ball struck by the adversary 
 front - handed (in contradistinction to back- 
 
HII^TS TO BEGIi^KEES. 13 
 
 handed) must twist to their own left, while a ball 
 struck back-handed will invariably twist to their 
 right. After a little training the eye will get ac- 
 customed to the amount of twist put on, and al- 
 lowance and change of position should be made 
 accordingly. 
 
 3. TJie Plain Service ivith a Straight Arm, 
 
 To those who cannot master either of the pre- 
 ceding services, I would recommend the plain ser- 
 vice, with the arm in a horizontal position. Throw 
 the ball about a foot away from you, rather to the 
 front, and strike for just above the top of the net. 
 If you see your adversary has taken up his posi- 
 tion on the right side of the court, try to place 
 your service to the left ; and, conversely, if he is 
 on the left, put the ball to the right : if he is in 
 the centre, always try to give him one which he 
 will require to take back-hand. Ko great pace 
 can be put on to this service ; so you must try to 
 make it as diflficult as possible by placing it. 
 
14 LAWi^ TEi^KIS. 
 
 A short sharp cut downwards on the ball will 
 have the effect of making it shoot — this is the 
 '' cut'' in contradistinction to the ''twist/'* 
 
 There are many variations of service, of course : 
 the over-hand hard thump down without cut, 
 though this seldom results in aught but a fault ; 
 the slow over-hand twist ; the slow under-hand 
 twist ; and the ordinary toss service, which is most 
 disastrous with a good adversary, but is much in 
 vogue with ordinary players after they have served 
 a fault. 
 
 To take the Service, — You will see many be- 
 ginners place themselves on the extreme left of 
 the court in order, as they say, to avoid getting 
 the ball to their back-hand. This is most unwise, 
 as, if the server gives a sharp one to the right cor- 
 ner of the court, they cannot arrive in time to 
 take it. Similarly, others go to the extreme right 
 
 * However, as a general rule, it is better in the long 
 run to play the ball simply without twist or cut, but 
 paying the greatest attention to hitting it low over the 
 net and placing it advantageously. — Am. Ed. 
 
HraXS TO BEGIKKEKS. 15 
 
 of the courts when they will probably get a sharp 
 one to their back-hand. 
 
 The best position for ordinary service is a yard 
 or so behind the seryice-line towards the centre of 
 the court. If the service is very swift^ it will be 
 found necessary to stand close up to the ^^ base- 
 line/^ and sometimes even beyond it. 
 
 If your adversary serves No. 1 service with a 
 break to the right/ you may stand a foot more to 
 the right. If he serves front-hand twisters, stand 
 a foot to the left of the centre of the court, and 
 rather nearer in, as twist service generally falls 
 short. If back-hand twisters, stand a foot to the 
 right of the centre, still near in. If he serve 
 plainly with a straight arm, stand to a foot or 
 two, according to the pace he puts on, behind the 
 centre of the service-line of your court.* 
 
 * It is much better to stand too far back than too 
 near, as it is easier to play a ball running forward than 
 backward. In returning a ball, the beginner would do 
 well to bear in mind that he should lean forward, put- 
 ting the weight of his body into the stroke. If he 
 
16 LAWK TEKKIS. 
 
 Ask your partner to look out for faults^ as you 
 require all your attention to take the ball. If it 
 is doubtful whether a ball is a fault or not^ do not 
 stop to consider^ but take it^ as thereby disputes 
 are saved. If a faulty you do no harm by taking 
 it ; if not a fault, the play continues. 
 
 II.— COMMON FAULTS. 
 
 After instructing the beginner in the process 
 of serving, there are certain common faults (in 
 the extended sense of the word) which it is neces- 
 sary to warn him against. He will do well to 
 bear in mind perpetually the following points : 
 Never apologize by saying you ^^ thought the ball 
 was not going to come over the net ;^^ it is your 
 
 leans back, he is apt to send the ball up in the air in- 
 stead of low. In playing a back-handed stroke, he 
 should learn to cross his right leg in front of his left, 
 so that the side of his body is toward the net, thus giv- 
 ing him a greater reach and more control over the 
 stroke. After practice he will find this back-handed 
 stroke as easy as the fore-handed. — Am. Ed. 
 
COMMOiq' FAULTS. 17 
 
 duty not to think, but to place yourself in such a 
 position that, if the biall does come over, you can 
 take it. Be on your watch against the mistake 
 of not ^^ starting in time.^^ A ball will come 
 over the net and bound, and then, and not till 
 then, do some players make a frantic rush, wildly, 
 all arms and legs, dive at the ball, and either send 
 it flying out of court, bang it into the net, or give 
 such an easy return that a cool and collected ad- 
 versary will demolish it. No sprawling player of 
 this description can ever ^' place^^ a ball, or, except 
 by a fluke, give a difficult return. A sprawler is 
 generally a person whose occupations, before he 
 took to this noble exercise, were sedentary. He 
 has never played rackets or cricket, or he would 
 know by intuition where the ball was going the 
 moment it was struck. Now, ladies, do not ac- 
 cuse me of calling you ^^ sprawlers,^^ for, as you 
 will see, I have purposely applied the masculine 
 ^' h.Q" to that class of player ; moreover, of course, 
 you could not sprawl. But as I have noticed that, 
 with a few exceptions, ladies never seem to know 
 
18 LAWK TEKKIS. 
 
 where the ball is going, and as they hardly ever 
 attempt to take up their position for the return- 
 stroke until it has either bounded or is well on 
 its way oyer the net, and that then and only then 
 they make a ''^start/^ and as often as not fail in 
 their attempt to reach that '^ horrid ball/^ I attach 
 a few simple hints for their benefit, and hope they 
 may be of use to them as well as to the '^ sprawl- 
 ers '/' 
 
 Watch your adversary well : the position of his 
 bat with respect to his body, and the direction of 
 his eye. 
 
 If the bat is behind his body as he strikes the 
 ball front - handed, he can only send it either 
 straight to his front or to his right. If the bat is 
 in front of his body as he strikes (front-handed), 
 he will send the ball to his own left. 
 
 Similarly back-handed : if he strikes the ball 
 while it is on a level with, or behind, his body, he 
 must send it either straight or to his own left. If 
 it is in front of him, he will send it to his right. 
 
 There are players who can disguise by their 
 
COMMON FAULTS. 19 
 
 motions where they are going to send the ball ; 
 but by watching their eye you will generally be 
 able to tell where the ball will go^ as they will 
 almost invariably look last at that spot to which 
 they intend to send it. There are very few play- 
 ers who can look one way and send the ball 
 another. This might lead to the question whether 
 a glass eye might not be an advantage^ but I 
 thinks on the whole^ not. 
 
 Another essential for ^' starting in time^^ is to 
 keep cool and collected ; make no violent rushes^ 
 but balance yourself on the ball of either foot in 
 such a manner that you can start as readily to 
 the right as to the left^ or vice versa. 
 
 How effectually a player is stumj)ed by being 
 caught on the '^ wrong foot^^ ! This naturally 
 leads us on to the following '^^ruse^^: Say you 
 have driven a player into the corner of his left 
 courts and he is starting quickly back again to 
 regain his original position^ thinking you will 
 naturally send it to his right courts as that is va- 
 cant ; watch him well^ and as you see him start 
 
20 law:n' te^s'nis. 
 
 to his right, send the ball sharp back to the left 
 court, and you will almost for a certainty make 
 an ace ; as, if he has . really started, he will be 
 ^^ on the wrong foot,^^ and unable to recover him- 
 self in time to get the ball. This is a very com- 
 mon trick, so look out for its being practised 
 against yourself. If you find yourself in this 
 awkward position, make a start for the right 
 court, but do it warily, and in such a manner 
 that you can recover yourself at once, and get to 
 the left, if, contrary to your expectations, the 
 ball is returned there ; or, better still, "pretend'^ 
 to make a violent rush to your right, and thus 
 ^^induce^^ your adversary to send it to the left, 
 when, being prepared for this, you will have no 
 difficulty in returning the ball ; or, if your back- 
 hand is weak, pretend to ^'^lag^^ in the left court, 
 and this will most probably induce him to send 
 you one in the right court, for which you will, of 
 course, have started as soon as he has struck the 
 ball. By feints like this you can often induce 
 your adversary to send the ball to the very place 
 
COMMON FAULTS. 21 
 
 you -wisli him to, and thus, without his knowing 
 it, gain a decided advantage over him in the 
 rally, as you can now begin to ^"^see-saw^^ him, 
 instead of his see-sawing you. By the term '^^ see- 
 saw^'' I mean driving a player first to one, and 
 then to the other side of his court, until you tire 
 him out, or score the ace. 
 
 Another very common fault is that of trying 
 to ^'^kiir^ a difficult ball, or trying to send back 
 a difficult or hard-cut return every time. This 
 is more often than not committed by racket- 
 players who are beginning lawn tennis. They 
 ivill look upon the game as too easy, and forget 
 that they have not a back wall to help them. I 
 am not saying, mind, that lawn tennis is a more 
 difficult game than rackets, for, of course, the 
 palm must rest with the latter in every way ; but 
 still the absence of a back and side walls is an 
 important factor that some people persist in for- 
 getting ; and this renders it impossible at times 
 to send back a severe return. When you are 
 ^ ducked up^^ or ^^ in a hole,^^ the best and safest 
 
22 law:n' texnis. 
 
 return is one tossed high in the air, and into 
 the back of the opponent's court, thus giving 
 yourself time not only to recover, but to see what 
 your adversaries are going to do. Many players 
 scorn this play, and call it an old woman's game, 
 but it is often the only way to win. They, on 
 the contrary, when they get a difficult ball, try 
 to send it back hard and low with a cut on it, 
 and the consequence is they either bang it into 
 the net, or send it flying out of court. 
 
 "What a number of games are lost by want of 
 patience and this non-recognition of the difficulty 
 of the game, or, in other words, want of knowl- 
 edge of ^^how to play lawn tennis'' ! 
 
 Have you never, my reader, played against a 
 man you thought you could easily beat, and 
 found to your horror that, though an elderly man 
 perhaps, and with nothing like your own execu- 
 tion, yet somehow or other he managed to beat 
 you, chiefly — when you come to think over it 
 afterwards — by ^^ patience" and ^^ placing" ? You 
 cut back at him the most difficult strokes ; he 
 
COUKTS, KETS, A:N^D APPURTEIiq-AKCES. 23 
 
 returned the ball high in the air^ and then at last 
 you lost patience^ and cut one into the net. 
 
 There is a class of player who often beats a 
 better player, simply by patience ; but he could 
 never win were only the better player to be 
 equally patient and not try to do too much, but, 
 awaiting his chance till he got an easy one, bang 
 it down. This is the very essence of the game — 
 ^'^ waiting till you get a good chance.''^ If you 
 ^''place^^ carefully and with judgment, hit fairly 
 hard, but not too hard, you are sooner or later 
 sure to get your ^^ chance,^'' and then, with all 
 your might, ^^a Eenshaw smash, ^^ and good-by 
 to the inferior player, however patient he may be. 
 
 IIL— COUKTS, NETS, AND APPURTE- 
 
 NANCES. 
 
 In England I have only seen two sorts of 
 ^^court^^ : the "^^lawn,^^ on which all matches are 
 played — and disused ^^ rinks, ^^ either covered or 
 open, which come in very handy in winter, or 
 
24 LAWN TE]Sr^"IS. 
 
 when the grass is too wet. There are several 
 of these old rinks in and about London, and a 
 good deal of play goes on at them. I would rec- 
 ommend any one in town, who is really fond of 
 lawn tennis, to join the ^^AU England'^ Club, 
 which owns the ground at Wimbledon f he is 
 sure by that means to get a good ground to play 
 on and good players to play with. The ^^ Eich- 
 mond^^ is a good club, and a good deal of lawn 
 tennis is played there too ; the '^ Marylebone^^ is. 
 
 * It is to be regretted that we have in America no 
 organization which corresponds to this ' ' All England'*' 
 Club. However, anyone who desires to watch scientific 
 play may be reasonably sure of finding fine games in 
 progress at the grounds of the Longwood Club, Bos- 
 ton ; the Young America Club, PhiladeljDhia ; the St. 
 George Cricket Club, Hoboken, New Jersey ; the Staten 
 Island Cricket and Base Ball Club, New Brighton, Stat- 
 en Island, IST.Y., or at the Casino, Newport, during the 
 season. All of these grounds are fitted with turf courts. 
 Of late, and particularly in this country, "dirt" or 
 clay courts have become popular. The "Far and Near" 
 Club, for example, have all their courts at Hastings 
 on the Hudson made of clay, but the hard and perfectly 
 kept turf court must still be deemed the best adapted 
 for scientific lawn tennis. — Am. Ed. 
 
COUETS, IS^ETS^ AXD appuete>s"a:^ces. 25 
 
 of course^ more of a cricket club, and, besides, 
 takes a long time to get into. There are, 1io\y- 
 eyer, any number of clubs ; in fact their name 
 is legion, as can be seen by taking up any paper 
 and looking at the lawn tennis engagements. In 
 India, however, w^here it is, in many places, diffi- 
 cult to grow^ good grass, there are various kinds of 
 courts. I suppose Agra and Calcutta for the Bengal 
 Presidency can boast the best ^^ lawns. ^^ Alla- 
 habad has a goodly number of ipviYSitejnccJca courts, 
 some of them of Portl&nd cement, and very fast 
 true courts they make, though, of course, the 
 quickness of the play renders it quite a different 
 game to the grass one, and they are also more 
 tiring to the feet. In Lucknow the courts are 
 chiefly of cliiinam, or of beaten earth and cow- 
 dung. The cliitnam courts are not so fast as the 
 Portland cement ones, but more lively, if I may 
 use that expression, the ball bounding as high as 
 your head, for no apparent reason. The ^^ vcmdi' 
 courts play more like grass ; but as the upper 
 layer gets powdery through exposure to the sun. 
 
26 LAWis^ TENKIS. 
 
 a ball^ with a good deal of cut on^ will yery often 
 not bounce at all^ but shoot along the ground in 
 a most impossible manner. In hill stations vari- 
 ous devices are resorted to for the manufacture 
 of courts^ fine gravel being the chief element in 
 their composition. Nothings in my opinion^ can 
 come up to a good velvety lawn (a rare thing in 
 India^ you will say !)^ which is soft to the feet 
 and kindly to the eye^ with the possible exception 
 of a ^^ coir-matting^^ court. Long strips of coir- 
 matting stitched together^ and well stretched, 
 make a perfect courts combining all the element 
 of speed and trueness, which is so extolled by 
 those who have Portland cement courts^ with all 
 the pleasantness of play on, enjoyed by the owner 
 of a good grass court. 
 
 It would be invidious to say that one maker of 
 bats and balls is better than another ; all makers 
 can turn out good bats, and the best plan is to go 
 and overhaul their stock until you find a bat that 
 you '^feer^ you can play with. Personally, I 
 think a plain strung bat, nearly straight, but yet 
 
COUKTS^ KETS, AXD APPUETEJ^ANCES. 27 
 
 with a slight curye^ a roughened wooden handle, 
 and heavy rather than light, is the best style of 
 bat ; but of course, on this, as on most subjects, 
 opinions differ.^ . . . 
 
 Courts, — Eeverting to courts, I think at least 
 15 ft. should be allowed behind either base-line, 
 and 10 ft. at the sides, where it is possible to do 
 so. f Some people have a tree, say 7 ft. behind 
 one of the back courts ; others a bush ; while in 
 another court the level alters at that distance, 
 and there. is a '^ drop^" ; this last is the most dis- 
 
 * Many of the best EngUsh and American experts 
 will not agree in the author's preference for a heavy 
 racket. Much the larger number among the best play- 
 ers, including both champions of England and America, 
 prefer medium weight bats, ranging from 14 to 15 oz. 
 Readers will find that a racket with an octagon handle, 
 which is now sometimes made in this country, is much 
 firmer in the hand than the old style handle after the 
 player once becomes accustomed to the rather sharp 
 edges of the wood. However, use always the racket that 
 suits your personal requirements best, — Am. Ed. 
 
 t This is a point upon which too much stress cannot 
 be laid. The player who is obliged to protect a court 
 which has less than 15 ft. level sward back of the base- 
 line is seriously handicapped at the outset. — Am. Ed. 
 
2S LAWK TEKKIS. 
 
 tressing of all, for not only is it a severe shock to 
 the system to drop down a foot or two unawares, 
 but it spoils one's play to have to be perpetually 
 on the look-out for pitfalls. I think that 15 ft. 
 at either end, and 10 at the sides, is the minimum 
 that should be allowed. Of course in some 
 places, where there is a great scarcity of level 
 ground, one must make the best of a bad job, 
 and avoid tumbling down if possible. The ^' net ^' 
 should be 3 ft. in the centre, and 3 ft. 6 in. at 
 the sides. How often one sees nets that are ^^all 
 height'^ — perhaps 2 ft. G in. at the centre, and 
 4 ft. at the sides ; and how utterly destructive of 
 good play this is ! Cavendish's patent '^ net ar- 
 rangement,'" with wheel and ratchet, is of course 
 the best.* The simplest and most effective system 
 next to it that I have seen is the following : Get 
 two stout poles, about 7 ft. in length and 6 in. in 
 
 * The Cavendish ^' net arrangement" may be obtain- 
 ed from any dealer in lawn tennis goods . Another 
 very excellent device has been invented and patented 
 by Dr. J. D wight. — Am. Ed. 
 
COUKTS, 2sETS^ Axr appukte:n"A:n'Ces. 29 
 
 diameter ; fix them firmly iu the ground^ so that 
 3 ft. are buried, leaving 4 ft. standing out. At 
 3 ft. G in. from the ground bore a hole about 1 
 in. in diameter ; in this hole a carpenter can 
 easily fix a small wheel. Pass the rope on which 
 the net is now suspended through either hole, 
 and haul it up till the net is about 3 ft. 3 in.- 
 high at the centre ; fasten the ends of the rope 
 to a stake in the ground on the outside of either 
 post. Xow get an iron fork made in 
 this shape, the upright portion being 
 exactly 3 ft. high ; put this fork over 
 the net at point a, and drive the forked 
 portion down until i and c are flush 
 with the ground. Your net will now 
 be 3 ft. in the centre, and 3 ft. 6 in. at 
 either side, and nothing short of an 
 earthquake will alter it. 
 
 Ayres^ white balls are the best, and preferable 
 by far to the red, or parti-colored red and white 
 balls one sees used at some courts. There is a 
 ball now made and much used, called, I think. 
 
30 LAW:^^ TEIN^XIS. 
 
 "^^tlie enamelled ball^^: this is an uncovered 
 glazed ball^ of the same size and weight as the 
 match-ball^ and is exceedingly convenient for 
 rainy weather^ as you simply have to rub the 
 ball with a wet cloth^ and it comes out as good 
 as new. Of course they are a little more lively 
 than the covered ones^ but are decidedly prefer- 
 able to old^ dirty, or sodden-covered balls. 
 
 IV.— GENEEAL PEmCIPLES AND CLIJB 
 EULES. 
 
 There are many indifferent players who say, 
 ^^ I don^t play well ; I have got to a certain point, 
 and shall never get any better. ^^ Now these 
 should remember that practice makes perfect. 
 They have copied that phrase out many times as 
 children ; why cannot they apply it now ? If a 
 player really practises he must improve. It can 
 hardly be called ''^ practice'^ to go on perpetually 
 making the same mistakes, and finally getting 
 
GENERAL PRI^^CIPLES A^D CLUB RULES. 31 
 
 thoroughly disgusted with one^s self. What are 
 required are patience^ good temper^ and a critical 
 examination of one^s own play and faults. Fail- 
 ing these^ no player can expect to improve his 
 game. He has got to a ^"^ certain point '' — by dint 
 of playing, I suppose — for it is to be j)resumed he 
 now plays better than he did when he first began. 
 Why cannot he then get a point further ? I am 
 afraid he does not really try ; he gives it up as a 
 hopeless job. He always serves his first attempt 
 a fault ; let him try a less difficult service, until 
 he gets sufficiently good, by practising this easier 
 one, to increase the pace, put on more ^^cut,^^ or 
 to be able to try the more difficult service w^ith a 
 reasonable chance of success. By-and-by he will 
 be able to get it over the fijst time for nearly a 
 certainty, and then he can practise for a yet more 
 difficult service, and so on. There are certain 
 strokes he always fails in ; he gives up hope, or 
 gets impatient, and consequently always fails at 
 this particular stroke. Let him try to ''^return^^ 
 it with less pace on at first, until he succeeds in 
 
32 lawns' texxis. 
 
 getting it over ; then he can jDut it back a little 
 harder^ and so on^ gradually improving his j)hc^' 
 in the points in Trhich he is weak. The first es- 
 sential is concession of ^veakness ; the second is 
 capability of observing where the weakness lies ; 
 the thirds patience to overcome that weakness ; 
 and the last^ practice to annihilate it. Any player 
 working on this system is bound to improve^ un- 
 less, of course, he has some physical unfitness for 
 the game ; and then, of course, he can only 
 strive to minimise as much as possible the effect 
 of that infirmity. There are some players, of 
 course, who are naturally more fitted for the 
 game than others, but there is no reason why the 
 latter should lose heart ; they will not make the 
 rapid strides at first that the former do ; but still 
 they Avill go on improving, until some day, per- 
 haps, through carelesness or laziness on the part 
 of the former, they may put the moral of the 
 fable concerning ^^ the hare and the tortoise^^ 
 into practical effect. Nil desperandum should be 
 the motto of lawn tennis : the indifferent players 
 
GEIJ^'ERAL PRIKCIPLBS A:N'D CLUB RULES. 33 
 
 should strive to get better ; the good ones should 
 remember that the game is at present in its infan- 
 cy^ and that they may^ like Mr. Eenshaw, 
 evolve out of their inner consciousness some style 
 of play that will annihilate even the *^ All Eng- 
 land Champion/^ Personally^ I believe that with 
 a lawn tennis as with a billiard ball, ^^ anything 
 can be done y' and were professionals to take to 
 the game, we should see feats performed that are 
 not even dreamt of now. So let every player live 
 in hope — the beginner emulating the veteran, and 
 the fine player trying to put on some screw or cut 
 that will render the ball untakable. 
 
 There seems to be an idea prevalent in some 
 places (I am speaking here chiefly of India) that 
 lawn tennis on public courts should be legislated 
 for as rackets is — i,e., that players should *'*^cut 
 in^'* strictly according to seniority of arrival on the 
 ground. This is a very good rule theoretically, 
 but is, in practice, conducive to the formation of 
 bad and unequal games. It seems to me, too, 
 that rackets and lawn tennis are hardly analogous. 
 
34: LAWK TEKKIS. 
 
 There are only one, or perhaps two, racket 
 courts for all the players, and natura;lly rules 
 must be strict, or the ^^duffers^^ would not 
 have a chance. In lawn tennis it is different. 
 There are at most public grounds a large number 
 of courts, quite sufficient to admit of more than 
 half the people present playing at the same 
 time ; and I do not see why some arrangement 
 should not be come to which would make the 
 games as even as possible ; and in this way surely 
 more enjoyment could be got out of the game 
 than can be under the rule of the slate ? Why 
 make hard-and-fast rules, like the laws of the 
 Modes and Persians ? Let there be rules for 
 general guidance ; but if players wish to accom- 
 modate one another by exchanging, and thereby 
 making two even, instead of two uneven games, 
 let them be allowed to do so. For instance, in 
 ISTo. 1 court there are four players, one of whom 
 is good, the others indifferent ; in Xo. 2 court 
 there are three good, and one indifferent j)layer. 
 Why make such rules as to condemn eight men 
 
ge:n'ekal pkijstciples A2^t> club eules. 35 
 
 to play an uninteresting^ because unequal game^ 
 tlie whole afternoon ? Let tlie good player in 
 Iso, 1 court exchange with the indifferent one 
 in No. 2 courts and two good and even-sided 
 games will be obtained. Let a player, if he so 
 choose, sit out a game, if thereby a better game 
 can be obtained next time, and do not penalise 
 him for so doing, as I have seen done at some 
 courts, by making the wretched man go to the 
 very bottom of the list. 
 
 If exchanges of this sort once became general 
 enough to be the custom, and if they were 
 carried out in a proper spirit and m accordance 
 with the general sense of the players, really 
 good games would always be obtainable on pub- 
 lic grounds. It must be remembered that one 
 good player spoils a game for three poor ones just 
 as much, if not more, than a bad player spoils a 
 game for three good ones. Of course, exchang- 
 ing and sitting out can be carried too far and the 
 system abused ^ but public opinion and the hon- 
 orary secretary ought to be strong enough to re- 
 
36 LAWy TEXXIS. 
 
 press any tendency of this sort on the part of tur- 
 bulent spirits. In many stations in India the 
 custom I have proposed exists^ and the system is 
 found to work satisfactorily — everybody doing his 
 utmost to promote the interests of the game 
 and the happiness of players by helping to form 
 as equal-sided sets as possible. 
 
 Y.— THE SIXGLE GAME. 
 
 Great argument is^ I believe^ now going on 
 as to the respective merits of the different styles 
 of play — the volley and the back game. I 
 cannot see how there can be any argument in 
 the matter at all^ and thinks and am going to 
 try to prove, that a man who volleys from a 
 position at a distance of 1 ft. behind the service- 
 line, must beat an equal player, whose normal 
 position is at the back of the court.* Of course 
 
 * Mr. Renshaw and several other well-known jDlay- 
 ers take a position even in adv^ance of that recommended 
 
THE Slis'GLE GAME. 37 
 
 if you can play the back game very well, and 
 cannot yoUey at all, it would be ridiculous for you 
 to attempt the YoUey game in a match. Volley- 
 ing is merely a question of practice.* . . . And if 
 you have a fair eye, you will soon find that you 
 are able to volley just as easily, and place balls 
 better than you formerly could from the bound, f 
 ^ow get a piece of paper and mark out a court 
 on it, draw a dotted line one foot behind the 
 service-line in the single court and parallel to 
 it^ and remember that this is the line you have 
 to defend at a volley. We will call this dotted 
 
 by the author, i.e., 3 ft. in front of the service-hne. 
 If you stand too far back it gives your opponent a 
 chance to put the ball at your feet, thus making a hard 
 stroke which otherwise might be an easy return.— Am. 
 Ed. 
 
 * Make up your mind that you will master it. — Am. 
 
 Ed. 
 
 t The experience of Mr. H. L. Lawford is a strong ar- 
 gument in favor of the volley game. For some years 
 Mr. Lawford was known as the finest base line player; 
 but finding that Mr. W. Renshaw invariably beat him, 
 he has adopted the volleying tactics, declaring that it 
 is the play to win. — Am. Ed. 
 
38 LAWX TEXXIS. 
 
 line^ for the sake of easy reference^ the "^^ToUey- 
 ing line.'^ Draw diagonals from corner to 
 corner of voiir courts and note where they in- 
 tersect your yolleying line. You will now see 
 that by playing up so much closer to the net you 
 will have, for five balls out of six, less than two- 
 thirds of the ground to cover that your adversary 
 has, who plays from near the back-line. Xote, 
 too, that from your forward position you can see 
 much more of the game than he can. The only 
 balls that can make you run much are those re- 
 turned from the corner of the right or left court 
 in a direction j)arallel with, and near to, either 
 side-line. The best way to guard against a re- 
 turn of this sort is to go a little to the left of the 
 centre of your volleying line when your adversary 
 has the ball in the corner of his right court, and 
 vice versa a little to the right of the centre when 
 he has the ball in his left corner. But do not go 
 so much to either side as to enable him to put it 
 past you on the other side. Xote by your diagram 
 that any balls hit diagonally across the court will 
 
THE si:n'Gle game. 39 
 
 pass yonr volleying line not very far from the 
 centre ; so the best general position to take up is 
 about the middle of your dotted line^ and always 
 try to regain your place there if you have tem- 
 porarily lost it during a rally, l^ote, too, that 
 by your forward position you are within easy 
 reach of any ball dropped gently over the net, 
 while such balls would in all probability prove 
 too much for your back-line adversary — more 
 especially if you drive him well back in the first 
 instance (which is very easy to do if he will not 
 volley), and then drop a gentle one just over. 
 You are sufficiently back, besides ; for most high 
 balls, hit over your head so that you cannot reach 
 them, will probably go out of court. You have 
 this further advantage over your adversary — that 
 while you can drive him back till he is almost 
 behind the 'back -line and then drop a gentle one 
 just over the net, he cannot well do the same to 
 you ; for you, in all probability, intercept his 
 ball at a volley that otherwise would have driven 
 you back , and not having lost your position. 
 
40 law:n^ TE:Nr:N'is. 
 
 you are close enough to the net to deter him 
 from attempting the ruse of a gentle one. Of 
 course^ he may make an unexpectedly good 
 stroke that will drive you back^ and having done 
 so^ if he is a good player^ he will try to keep you 
 there ; but even then you are on equal terms with 
 him^ until you can regain your position on the 
 YoUeying line^, when you will again have the ad- 
 vantage over him. Playing against a man who 
 also volleys^ your great object is^ by placing^ to 
 either get the ball past him or to drive him back^, 
 and to keep him back. Sooner or later^ unless 
 your adversary is a very fine player^ you wdll get 
 an easy chance^ as^ from your position, you can 
 easily run in and smash a loose ball ; but until 
 you get a good chance, play cautiously, and with 
 your head ; place the balls as much as possible 
 from right to left, or to some undefended spot, 
 so as to keep your adversary, even though a 
 voUeyer, on the run, and the odds are, you get 
 your chance soon enough ; but when it comes, 
 be careful you do not miss it, but place the ball 
 
THE si:n'gle game. 41 
 
 carefully^ and hard^ to some part of the court 
 that your adversary cannot get to^, in preference 
 to ^^ smashing"^ at it wildly^ whereby you would 
 probably only put the ball into the net^ and 
 thus lose a golden opportunity. Another j)oint 
 — and this is most important — is^ that the 
 moment you have delivered your service you 
 should folloiv it up, and take position on the 
 ^'volleying line^^ to^ if j)c>ssible^ volley the re- 
 turn. Say you are serving from the right court. 
 Deliver your service^ and at once run to about a 
 foot to the left of the centre of your volleying 
 line. Your adversary returns the ball*: now^ if 
 you can volley it sharp^ hard^ and well back into 
 his left courts it will be an almost certain ace for 
 yoU;, as, having had to take your service in his 
 right court, he will hardly be quick enough to 
 get over to the left in time to reach the ball. 
 !N"ote again by volleying how quick your return 
 is ; it is probably '^ past^'' your back-line adver- 
 sary before he knows where he is ; whereas, 
 while ^^he^^ is waiting for the ball to ''^bound/^ 
 
42 LAWK TENUIS. 
 
 you have ample time not only to watch what he is 
 going to do^ but to take up any position you may 
 consider best suited for his return. We will sup- 
 pose you are now taking a service in your right 
 court. Eemember^ to deliver it, your adversary 
 is also in his right court : consequently your best 
 return is into his left court, making the ball go 
 parallel and as close to the side-line on your right 
 as possible ; then run immediately and take your 
 position about a foot to the right of the centre of 
 your volleying line, as the ball will, of course, be 
 returned from his left court. Personally, I think 
 the argument is all one-sided ; everything is in 
 favor of the voUeyer, while I cannot see any- 
 thing that rests with his opponent, except it be 
 the statement that '^'^it is easier to return a ball 
 from the bound than at the volley, ^^ and this I 
 take leave to doubt. Note again that by volley- 
 ing you prevent any cut or twist the ball may 
 have on from acting ; while, if you wait for it to 
 bound, you get the whole force of any cut or 
 twist there may be on it, and run the risk of get- 
 
THE SIN^GLE GAME. 43 
 
 ting a shooter^ — 01% if there are any inequalities in 
 tlie ground^ of a false bonnd^ or of the ball jump- 
 ing as high as your head, which last, when you 
 do not expect it, is most difficult to return. I 
 do not say that you must Yolley every ball — that 
 would be impossible ; but volley as much as you 
 can. Take every possible opportunity of doing 
 so, and I think you will soon find yourself far 
 ahead of your back-line friends. The mistake 
 made at first by beginners at volleying is either 
 that they are nervous, and remain too far back to 
 volley properly,, or else that they are too confident, 
 and come too close to the net. This latter fault 
 is most fatal, as if you are too near the net a 
 steady adversary will be sure to put the ball 
 quickly past you on either side, so that you can- 
 not reach it, or will toss it over your head to the 
 back of the court, when you have not only to run 
 back for it, but probably also to turn, and the 
 chances are you send back an easy return, and 
 not being able to regain position, or being out o± 
 breath, you lose an ace. Another great fault of 
 
44 LAWN TEXXIS. 
 
 beginneis is, that they forget to follow up their 
 service^ thus not only losing the advantage of 
 position on the volleying line, but also giving 
 their adversary a wide court in which to place the 
 ball, and an opportunity of keeping them back. 
 The man at the net has no chance in a single 
 game, and I am going to attempt to prove in my 
 No. YI. that this is not a good position for a 
 player, even in a double game. 
 
 VI.— THE DOUBLE GAME. 
 
 There are, generally speaking, three ways of 
 playing a double game : (1) the old style, in which 
 both players remain in the back of the court ; (2) 
 where one player is up near the net, while his 
 partner takes the back of the court ; (3) where 
 the partners stand side by side on the volleying 
 line (or one foot behind the service-line), * and 
 
 * See note on page 36. 
 
THE DOUBLE GAME. 45 
 
 Yolley as much as they can^ as in a single game. I 
 will not deal mucli with the old style of play ; it 
 is getting obsolete^ and this is in some ways a great 
 pity^ as one used to see long and very exciting ral- 
 lies of perhaps fifty or sixty returns. Volleying 
 has now knocked these on the head^ and they exist 
 no more. As we must move with the times^ we will 
 go on to jSTo. 2 game^, in which one man plays up^ 
 the other back. This game is the one most in 
 vogne in India now, and here we get the elements 
 of the ' • man at the net.''^ I will first try to demon- 
 strate how this style of game should be played, 
 and then to prove that where both players volley 
 as in K"o, 3 style, their tactics are far superior to 
 those of 'No, 2 game. We will first suppose that 
 you are the forward player, and that your partner 
 is serving from the right court. Go close wp to the 
 net for the first service, if he serves well, as you 
 Avill then be able to kill a loose ball ; but take 
 care that you do not leave sufficient room at your 
 outer side (ue., the side further from your part- 
 ner) to allow of the adversaries placing the ball 
 
46 LAWiq- TEJS'KIS. 
 
 past you there. If the first service is a faulty drop 
 back a bit^ to about the service-line^ as the second 
 will probably be an easy one^ and therefore the 
 chances are against your adversaries sending a 
 loose return. Sometimes if you make a feint of 
 going to the rights as if you were going to poach 
 your partner^s ball^ it may induce your opponent 
 to send the ball to the left of you^ when^ if you 
 are strong at a back-hand volley, being prej)ared 
 for this, you may get a chance of sending back a 
 severe return ; or this feint, if made at the last 
 moment, may frighten your adversary, if he is 
 nervous, into sending the ball so much to your 
 right or left as to make it go out of court. Some- 
 times, ivlien you get a good cliaiice, make a real 
 rush to the right, and poach from your partner, 
 but do not do this often. Doing so every now and 
 then will make your feints of more eifect than if 
 you never poached at all. T\^hen you run across 
 like this, your jDartner, as I will show further on, 
 should go to his left, and cover the blank space 
 left by you in the court. Thus sometimes poach- 
 
THE DOUBLE GAME. 47 
 
 ing, sometimes making a feint, you will put the 
 other side out considerably, and unless they are 
 cool, collected players, may score a few aces by 
 these means. Shift your position a good deal, and 
 neyer get into the habit of standing stock-still in 
 one place. If you remain stationary, your adver- 
 saries will know where you are, and can put the 
 ball past you ; while if you keep moving, even 
 though slightly, it will puzzle them. Always take 
 care, as a forward player, to guard your outer 
 side, as your partner cannot help you there, though 
 he can take any ball that passes you on your inner 
 side (or that side of you on which he is). Keep 
 to your own side as much as possible, and do not 
 be perpetually crossing your partner and taking 
 his balls. Wlien you do get an easy chance, how- 
 ever, make up your mind, even though it be poach- 
 ing, and run and smash the ball. If the adversaries 
 get angry, and hit hard at you, notice how the 
 ball is coming, and if it is on the rise, as it reaches 
 you, dodge on one side, and, if they are hitting 
 angrily, the ball will go out of court. If one of 
 
48 LAWN' TEN'XIS. 
 
 your adyersaries is also playing up^ do not send 
 the ball to him^ unless yon can hit hard at him, 
 but work your back adversary. Above all things, 
 do not get excited, but play coolly and collectedly. 
 When your partner is serving from the left court, 
 you can make feints of poaching with great ad- 
 vantage, as you will thus, in all probability, get 
 the ball sent to vour rio^ht hand. 
 
 Xow we will suppose that you are the back 
 player, and that it is your partner who is playing 
 up, one of the adversaries also being up. When 
 your partner poaches, do not stand still and abuse 
 him for so doing, but run across and guard the 
 space he has left empty. K you can only remem- 
 ber to do this, you will save many a rally. His 
 poaching is annoying, no doubt, especially if he 
 sends an easy return ; but never mind : do your 
 duty at any rate, and run into the unguarded 
 court. When you are serving, remember that it 
 is of infinite value to your up partner if you can 
 get your first service over hard, as the adversaries 
 will probably give him an easy return off it, which 
 
THE DOUBLE GA^IE. 49 
 
 he can smash : so try and make as few faults as 
 possible the first time. After serving run in a 
 foot or two^ as there is a large empty space in front 
 of you which your partner cannot guard without 
 poaching. By coming in in this way you will be 
 able to get gentle balls dropped just over the net^ 
 and these you would not be able to reach were 
 you to remain standing on the spot from which 
 you serye. ISTote this point, as it is a most im- 
 portant one. Mne players out of ten stand stock- 
 still after serving. When your adversary does 
 this, drop a gentle one into the front of his courts 
 Eemember, too, when you are back, not to hit at 
 the man at the net. If he is anything like a 
 decent player you will seldom gain, and nearly 
 always lose an ace by so doing. Many people have 
 told me that the man at the net has a sort of fasci- 
 nation for them ; that he puts them off, makes 
 them nervous, and they cannot lielp hitting at 
 him ; that this is more especially the case when 
 they are taking a serve, and then of course this man 
 is directly opposite them. I can only advise such 
 
50 LAWX TEXXIS. 
 
 players not to look at him ; gaze at the server, 
 and return the ball to him. There is plenty of 
 room. Say you are taking the seryice in the right 
 court : your up adversary is immediately in front 
 of you ; therefore you have three-quarters, or at 
 any rate two-thirds, of the whole net on your left 
 of him over which to hit the ball, and a wide court 
 to place it in ; or you can toss the ball over the 
 head of the man at the net into the court far 
 behind him. If, however, you are not put out 
 by this man^s presence so near the net, watch him 
 well ; and if you get a chance, put the ball on 
 his outer side. If you can get the ball past him 
 there, you will probably score an ace, as his partner, 
 being in the other court, cannot help him. If he 
 is one of that sort who, not looking after his own 
 court, plays and keeps near the centre of the net, 
 you will have a gay time of it, for you can place 
 the ball on either side of him at will, or toss it 
 over his head, and his unfortunate partner will 
 be running to and fro, never knowing which side 
 to go to ; and, moreover, will be much disturbed 
 
THE DOUBLE GAME. 51 
 
 by the presence of his partner^ who is right in 
 front of him^ probably just where he wants to hit' 
 the ball to. Eemember this^ and if yon are an up 
 player^ never keep near the centre of the net^ but 
 mind your own courts and to do that properly 
 you will have quite enough to do. If you do by 
 any chance run to the centre to take an easy ball^ 
 get back at once to your own court after playing 
 it ; or if you know your partner^ go on to the 
 other side^ and he will coyer the space you have 
 left empty. Help your partner by looking out for 
 faults when he is taking service^ and get him to 
 do the same for you. Shout out when 3^ou are 
 certain a ball is going out^ and do so in time to 
 prevent him from striking at the ball^ not while 
 he is in the act of striking^ or else you will balk 
 him. If you are going to poach, say ^''mine/^ or 
 intimate that you are going to take the ball, so 
 that he may cover the empty court in time. In 
 fact, help your partner as much as you can in 
 every way. 
 
 ISTow we will look at the game as played by two 
 
52 LAWK tex:n^is. 
 
 men^ who stand about a foot behind * the seryice- 
 line, each in his own court, and YoUey. Here each 
 player guards his own court, and there is no ne- 
 cessity for poaching. Each player plays as in a 
 single game, and has, moreover, only little more 
 than half that space to coyer. Most of the balls 
 being returned at the volley by these j)layers, it 
 becomes very difficult work for their adversaries, 
 who may not be accustomed to such quick play. 
 Here each player, after moving to take a ball, 
 should return to his normal position. ^Neither 
 player is put out by having his partner dodging 
 about in front of him. They are both so placed 
 that they are within easy reach of any balls 
 dropped over the net, and they can run in and 
 smash loose returns, while any ball jDut hard over 
 their heads, so that they cannot reach it, will go 
 out of court. They should be careful to guard each 
 their outer side, and the man in the right court 
 should remember that his partner's front-hand is 
 
 * See note on page 36. 
 
THE DOUBLE GAME. 63 
 
 probably stronger than liis own back-hand^ and 
 in the case of a doubtful ball should give way ac- 
 cordingly. If they can volley^ which is^ of course^ 
 a si7ie qua non here, they can easily guard their 
 respective courts, and it requires a very well-hit 
 ball indeed to get past them. There is no empty 
 space left in the court, if only each player will 
 remember to get back to his proper position after 
 taking a ball. It now simply becomes a question 
 of how well they can play ; and as they are so 
 placed that they can reach everything, they have 
 only got to return the balls, and they must win. 
 There is no confusion, no poaching, no getting 
 in one another^s way, no getting one in front of 
 the other at one side of the court, and so leaving 
 the whole of the other side unguarded. They 
 leave this sort of thing to their up and back ad- 
 versaries. Over two back adversaries they have 
 nearly, but not quite, the same advantage as a 
 voUeyer has in a single court over a back-player. 
 The element of the man at the net is done away 
 with, as this person would have too hot a time of 
 
54 LAW]^ TEis^KIS. 
 
 it with two good YoUeyers so close to him. I, 
 for one, would like to see him abolished, and I 
 hope we shall all be able to congratulate one an- 
 other before very long in having said good-by to 
 the ^^ man at the net/" 
 
 Of course, when all four are voUeyers, the two 
 best will drive the others back, and, forcing them 
 to play the back game, will gain the advantage.* 
 
 VII.— EULES THAT AEE OFTEIST DISEE- 
 GAEDED. THEIE OBJECT, A^^D EEA- 
 SONS THEEEOE. 
 
 Since writing the first edition of this pamphlet 
 I have had several references made to me resrard- 
 
 * Never change your mind at the last moment, as it 
 proves fatal in nine cases out of ten. If you have stepped 
 forward intending to volley the ball, and it falls so far 
 short that it might be taken on the bound, still preserve 
 your original intention and volley it, even if by so 
 doing you are convinced that your first judgment was 
 wrong. It may be accepted as an invariable rule : Never 
 change your mind. — Am. Ed. 
 
RULES THAT ABE OFTEN DISREGARDED. 55 
 
 ing rules, and this has induced me to add this 
 chapter, with the object of pointing out those 
 rules which appear to me to be generally broken, 
 and at the same time to give a short explanation 
 of why it is necessary they should remain in force. 
 
 Rule 2. — Here iiote that while the size and 
 weight of the balls are laid down, there is no re- 
 striction as to the proportions of a bat. 
 
 Rule 7. — '^ The server shall serve with one foot 
 on the base-line, with the other foot behind that 
 line, but not necessarily on the ground, ^^ etc. This 
 rule is perpetually disregarded, and you may often 
 see players serving with both feet within, or per- 
 haps with both feet beyond, the base-line. The 
 object of the above rule is manifestly to prevent 
 a person from serving from a position too near 
 the net, whence he would be able to smash down 
 the ball in a manner impossible to take. 
 
 Rule 13. — ^^ The service may not be volleyed,^'' 
 etc. Very naturally not, as otherwise you could 
 go right up to the net and kill every service. 
 Here a decision by the '' Field,^^ June 18, 1881, 
 
56 hA^y2^ TENis'is, 
 
 may be noticed. It is : ^^ Or if it touches an ad- 
 Yersary (before it bounds) it is a good service/'' 
 The fact of it touching that adversary;, or his bat^ 
 is equivalent to his having taken it, and there- 
 fore an ace to you. Thus, at the score ^^ vantage/'' 
 if you were serving from the left court to the 
 adversary on your right, and were by accident 
 to hit the wrong adversary {Le., the one in the 
 other court), it would still be an ace to you, and 
 game. This appears hard on your opponents at 
 first sight, but the man you hit should have got 
 out of the way : moreover, it could only occur very 
 seldom. Meanwhile, if the reverse held good, an 
 unprincipled adversary might stop any very good 
 service of yours with his foot, and claim a let, or 
 the same thing might occur unintentionally. 
 
 Eule 14.— ''The server shall not serve until 
 the striker-out is ready.'' Mark this, you players 
 who serve your second service rapidly after the 
 first, without waiting to give your opponent any 
 time. 
 
 Rule 21, para. 2. — '' If he lose the next stroke'^ 
 
RULES THAT ARE OFTEK DISREGARDED. 57 
 
 (he being vantage)^ ^^the score is again called 
 deuce ; lience there is no such score as ^' yantage- 
 alP_see also the " Field/' October 21, 1882. This 
 method of scoring has evidently been invented by 
 little local clubs, who have not enough of courts 
 for their members, or for some reason or other — 
 to save time, perhaps. Of course, if players like 
 to agree to this scoring, or if, for any special rea- 
 son, the committee of a club decide that ^^vant- 
 age-air^ shall be scored, a player could hardly 
 claim to have proper scoring of ^^back again to 
 deuce. '^ But if the committee do so decide, they 
 should publish their decision before any match is 
 played, and let it be generally known, to avoid 
 disputes.* 
 
 Rule 22. — By this you can see that the '^^rule'^ 
 is to play ^^ advantage sets,'' though the note 
 leaves it optional. I have seen eighteen games 
 
 * In the northern championship this year (1885) at 
 Manchester, England, one set required 26 games to de- 
 cide it, the score standing 14-12. This is the longest 
 game at present on record. — Am. Ed. 
 
58 LAW>^ TEXXIS. 
 
 played in one set at Prince's, in the open handi- 
 cap, before that set could be decided. 
 
 Ride 23. — It does not appear to be generally 
 known that players can claim to change sides of 
 eyery game, if either side of the coui-t has a dis- 
 tinct advantage. 
 
 Bule 38. — ^'^'^ Xor shall the strikers-out change 
 courts till the end of the set."" This rule is broken 
 constantly, in order, I suppose, to give each 
 player practice in either court. It should be ad- 
 hered to in matches. 
 
 Decisioxs by the ''Field.''' 
 
 November 19, 1881. — Xote that it is a fault if 
 you strihe at the ball and miss it. 
 
 December 3, 1881. — A player receiving 15 must 
 commence serving in the right court. Eule 7 says 
 ''the server . . . shall deliver the ball from the 
 right and left courts alternately, beginning from 
 the right.'' Hence, no matter the points a player 
 gets, he must begin from the right. I liave heard 
 people say that when they get 15 it is inconvenient 
 
EULES THAT AKE OrTE:Nr DISKEGARDED. 59 
 
 beginning from the right courts as the scoring and 
 the service do not then tally ; but I maintain that 
 it is this very fact that enables them to see whether 
 they are serving from the proper courts and acts 
 as a guide to the score — that is, if you have 
 started with 15 from the right court and the score 
 becomes 40 — 30, and you are still serving from 
 the right court, you ought to know you are in or- 
 der, from the apparent wrongness of the score. 
 Similarly, ''a player who takes (i.^., claims) his 
 bisque, serves from same court he would have 
 served from if he had not taken it f and natu- 
 rally so, as otherwise he would have to serve twice 
 running from the same court. To revert to the 
 previous discussion : I think the r^^le is in every 
 way a judicious one, as, supposing the rule were 
 that '' a player getting 15 points should begin 
 from the left court, ^^ he would be much more 
 likely to make the mistake of beginning from the 
 right court (which he is naturally accustomed to 
 do), and the umpire would be much less likely to 
 notice this mistake than he or the player himself 
 
60 LAWK ti::n^kis. 
 
 would be to make an error in the scoring, espe- 
 cially when they have the apparent wrongness of 
 score to act as their guide, as I have shown above. 
 I have heard this point argued over and over again 
 on either side in matches, and I think it a great 
 pity there is not always a book of rules on every 
 ground, for by this means all disputes would be 
 saved. 
 
 July 16, 1881.— ^at is not a ^etMf a ball 
 drops on another in court. '^* \^Moral. — Take care 
 not to leave balls lying about in your court.] 
 
 Jtily 23. — ^"^If you or your partner touch the 
 net while the ball is ^in play,^ you lose the stroke 
 (^ace^).''^ By October 8, 1881, it can be seen that 
 this is a point dependent on whether the ball was 
 in play or not in play (see Eule 16) when the net 
 was touched ; not on whether the ball was or was 
 not properly returned. 
 
 June 24, 1884. — " If, when you volley the ball, 
 your racket is ' not^ over the net, you do not lose 
 
 * Neither is it a stroke for your adversary. Return 
 it if you can. — Am. Ed. 
 
EULES THAT ARE OFTEi^ DISREGARDED. 61 
 
 the stroke unless your racket follows over the net 
 before the ball has left it/'' — i,e,, if your racket, 
 at the moment the ball leaves it, is over the net, 
 you lose an ace. In ordinary games, without an 
 umpire, it would be almost impossible to decide 
 this point ; and in such practice-games it appears 
 to me almost better to disregard this rule, and let 
 the point be decided by whether or not the net 
 were touched by the player in question. 
 
 July 1, 1882. — ''^It is a good return if the ball 
 is played after it has twisted back past the net, 
 provided the net is not touched while the ball is 
 in play.^"* Thus, you may place your racket over 
 and past the net to take a ball, which has already 
 bounded, but you must not (in a match) '' voUey^^ 
 a ball, with your racket in such a position. 
 
 July 7, 1883. — The player who is touched by 
 the ball in play loses the stroke — e,g, if you are 
 standing clear out of court, and the ball hits jou. 
 before it has bounded {i,e,, while it is in play), it 
 is an ace to the other side. 
 
 The fact of your being out of court is no argu- 
 
62 LAWX TEXXIS. 
 
 ment^ as the '^ Field '' graphically says ^' you may 
 
 be standing near the net. or in the next parish/^ 
 YMorah — Avoid the ball when it is going out of 
 courts even when yon are out of court.] 
 
 YIII._^HEX TO TAKE A BISQUE. 
 
 This is a point involving much careful consid- 
 eration. The first thing is not to forget to take 
 it. I have seen several matches lost by a player, 
 who was receiving points^ forgetting to take his 
 bisque. The natural remark is, ' '' How stupid of 
 him I'' but it must be remembered that a bisque 
 may not be taken after the service has been deliv- 
 ered.* 
 
 Rule 25. j^ara. 2. — A player might have meant 
 to take his bisque at a certain period of the game. 
 He forgets to do so at the required moment — ■ 
 meanwhile his adversarv has served : it is like 
 
 * A bisque may be taken by the striker-out after a 
 fault, but not by the server. — Am. Ed. 
 
WHEK TO TAKE A BISQUE. 63 
 
 claiming two by honors at wliist^ after the turn- 
 up card is exposed — too late ! He is annoyed 
 with himself for his stupidity ; his play is affect- 
 ed by his annoyance^ and hence misfortune follows 
 on misfortune, in compliance with the old prov- 
 erb. 
 
 However, we will assume the bisque is not go- 
 ing to be forgotten, and then the question arises, 
 when to take it ? First of all, do not be in a 
 hurry to take it. It is always better to win a 
 game with your bisque — i.e., to take it when you 
 are vantage, than at any other particular period, 
 and it is always better, too, to take it late on in 
 the set, than at the beginning. Of course, the very 
 best point at which to take it is when the score 
 is five games-all, and you are vantage in the 
 eleventh game, as you win the set thereby, and 
 have given your adversary not only a great deal 
 of work, but have also inflicted on him a severe 
 disappointment. 
 
 I will quote one or two instances, showing what 
 I mean by reserving your bisque. Say you are 
 
64 LAATX TEXXIS. 
 
 four games to your opponent's love^ and 40 to his 
 30 in tlie fifth game, and are feeling pretty fit, 
 Trhile your adversary seems tired : don^t take your 
 bisque— reserve it : let him tire himself more ; let 
 him, perhaps, tire himself completely out by win- 
 ning the next two games. In the following game 
 either take it or not, as your judgment decides, if 
 you happen to get to advantage. Of course, if 
 you do not take it, and yet win this game, claim it 
 if you get to vantage in the next game, as that will 
 win you the set. But if in this, the eighth game 
 (score five games to two, you win), you get to 40 — 
 15, do not claim your bisque ••unless your adver- 
 sary makes the next ace y' for if you can win the 
 set without having taken your bisque, you will 
 have gained a decided moral advantage over your 
 opponent, as he will think he has been too heavily 
 handicapped with regard to you, and unless he 
 has a ^^ heart, *^ will give in, and you will probably 
 win the match easily. If he has pluck, however, 
 vou have lost nothing, but have even succeeded 
 in pumping him a little more than you would 
 
WHEI!{ TO TAKE A BISQUE. 65 
 
 liave done had you won the game sooner. To go 
 back a bit : I said if you are 40 — 30 in the fifth 
 game and four games to loye, and are feeling 
 pretty fit while your adversary looks tired, don^t 
 take your bisque. The reverse of this is applica- 
 able if the conditions are altered ; that is to say, 
 if you are tired out by the time you reach the 
 above score, and your adversary is not, take your 
 bisque and win the fifth game. You are then 
 five games to love, and can afford to lose two or 
 three games for the sake of regaining your 
 strength; and when you have recovered, begin 
 playing up again. This is called '^'^ saving your- 
 self, ^^ and is a point to which sufficient attention 
 is not given. It is like racing — don^t run it too 
 fine, but win by half a length, in preference to 
 coming in a winner by several lengths. By the 
 former plan you save your strength for the next 
 sets, whereas if you go on playing up when you 
 are thoroughly tired in order to win by an unnec- 
 essary amount, you will probably be useless in the 
 succeeding sets. Another point at which you can 
 
66 LAWiir TEKNIS. 
 
 save yourself with advantage is the following : 
 Say you have won the first set, and that in the 
 second set your adversary has scored four games 
 to your one ; you have lost your breath, and are 
 feeling a bit tired. Is it worth your while to ut- 
 terly exhaust yourself by trying to pull this game, 
 which is so far gone, out of the fire ? I should 
 say 7iot. Don^t give in utterly, but at the same 
 time don^t tire yourself more by running after 
 diflacult balls ; try and work your adversary, with 
 the least possible exertion to yourself. Let him 
 win this set, but try and make him tire himself 
 in the so doing, and try yourself to recover your 
 spent breath and strength. In the next set the 
 conditions will j)robably be altered — that is, he 
 will be pumped, while you are fresh after your 
 rest, and have a better chance of winning than if 
 you were utterly exhausted. At the score of three 
 games-all, especially in the fifth set, it is a most 
 important thing to secure the fourth game ; and ^ 
 I would here recommend a player to take his bisque 
 in the seventh game, if he gets to vantage ; and 
 
WHEN TO TAKE A BISQUE. 67 
 
 if his adversary got to vantage, I do not think he 
 would be wrong to take his bisque and make the 
 game deuce ; but then, of course, he would have 
 to do his very utmost to try and win this game. 
 At three-all, being just half-way through the set, 
 it is most important to try by any means to get 
 the start in the second half. At the score of five 
 games-all, if your adversary gets to either ^^ advan- 
 tage,^^ or is 40 to your 30, take your bisque, as it 
 is all-important to you, to prevent at any hazards 
 his winning this, the deciding game of the set. 
 By exercising your judgment in taking your 
 bisque, and also in saving yourself, you will win 
 many a game that a less thoughtful player would 
 lose. The great thing is just to hold your adver- 
 sary as you would a pulling horse — feel his mouth, 
 keep him well in hand, and if he gets right away 
 with you, let him go a bit, only to take a stronger 
 and more effective pull at him as soon as you get 
 him in hand again. What I mean is this : if you 
 get a long way ahead of your adversary, at the 
 cost of a good deal of exertion to yourself, e^so 
 
68 LAWi^ te:n^kis* 
 
 off a little bit^ till you regain strength sufficient 
 to put on a final spurt and win the game ; while, 
 if your adversary gets so far away from you in any 
 particular set that you feel it is hopeless, work 
 him as much as you can, but reserve your chief 
 effort for the next set, when you will again start 
 on even terms with him.* 
 
 IX.— A CHAPTER FOE LADIES. 
 
 Single Game^ Played hy Two Ladies, 
 
 Having been asked to add a chapter to my 
 ^^ Lawn Tennis Notes^^ specially for the benefit of 
 ladies, I proceed to do so, but hope I may be ex- 
 cused if I go over a little old ground. I am now 
 only writing for the benefit of those ladies (and 
 there are many such, I know) who love lawn ten- 
 
 * Be careful not to ^^ save" yourself too much, as you 
 may get your hand out and not be able to play up again, 
 as in the famous case of Grinstead vs. Browne. — 
 Am. Ed. 
 
A CUAPTER.FOR LADIES. 69 
 
 -nis as a ^^ game of skill/^ and who do not play 
 merely to kill time. 
 
 The first essential, if you wish to get to anything 
 beyond mediocrity as a player, is to dress for the 
 purpose. Luckily short dresses are now in fashion, 
 so there is not much difficulty about that point ; 
 but if the fashion changes, I implore you to beware 
 of long dresses, for two very good reasons : 
 
 1. The long dress will spoil your play; and 
 
 2. The play will spoil your long dress. 
 
 The next point to pay attention to is shoes. Of 
 course you will wear shoes without heels, and 
 equally, of course, will the soles be of India-rubber. 
 A tight shoe being a disadvantage should be dis- 
 carded, even though it may offer some attraction 
 in the matter of appearance. A great big hat that 
 waggles about is also trjdng to the wearer, as also 
 are bangles, bracelets, and suchlike ornaments — 
 not to mention five or six rings on one finger. 
 These latter are more liable to cause blisters, by 
 pinching up the skin between the hand and the 
 bat, than anything I know of. We will now sup- 
 
70 LAWK TENNIS. 
 
 pose you have attired yourself in a suitable cos- 
 tume of cashmere or flannel^ a nice small hat, and 
 a pair of easy-fitting shoes, and that you are about 
 to play a single game against a girl antagonist that 
 you would give worlds to beat. (I will treat of 
 the double game as played by two ladies on a side, 
 and then by a gentleman and a lady, afterwards.) 
 You mn the toss, choose the best side, and your 
 adversary serves first from the right court. She 
 will probably go to the extreme corner of the right 
 of her court to serve (most ladies do, I notice). 
 Mark this, and return the ball, as nearly as you 
 can, into the left corner of her left court. There 
 is nothing difficult in this, if you make up your 
 mind to it. It is simply hitting the ball straight 
 in front of you. Let the ball come a little past 
 you on the bound and then hit it, and you can 
 hardly help sending it straight to your front. Re- 
 member, too, that a ball hops a good long distance. 
 Many people forget this, and rush to the ^Dlace 
 where they think the ball will bound, and thus 
 give themselves a difficult stroke. A ball struck 
 
A CHAPTER FOR LADIES. 71 
 
 in an ordinary way will bound about 6 ft., 
 and at 3 ft. will be at about its highest point. It 
 is easier to strike a ball on the descent of its bound 
 than it is on the ascent ; so if you remain, or go 
 to, about 4^ ft. behind where you think an ordi- 
 narily hit ball will bound from, you will be in about 
 the best position to place your return. But thi^ 
 is merely parenthetical, so revenons a nos moutons. 
 You have succeeded in driving the ball into the left 
 of your adversary's court, and have thus given her 
 a run from the right to the left corner. She will 
 probably, after her long run, give a fairly easy re- 
 turn, which you will be able to place into the right 
 corner of her right court, thus making her run 
 again ; or if her back-hand is weak, keep on attack- 
 ing it. By these tactics you will weary your adver- 
 sary, and will most likely win the games in which 
 she serves. Of course, when she serves from the 
 extreme corner of her left court, you would return 
 the ball into her right court, and so on. 
 
 Now to come to the games in which you are 
 server. You have seen by the above that you 
 
72 LAWN TEKNIS. 
 
 gain a distinct advantage over an adversary who 
 chooses either extreme corner to serve from, so do 
 not commit this mistake yourself. Serve from 
 about 2 ft. to the right or left of the centre line 
 of your court, as then, if your adversary returns 
 the ball to either corner, you have only half the 
 distance to run that you would have were you in 
 the far corner. This is not the only advantage. 
 By serving from near the centre of the court it is 
 much easier for you to serve to either the front or 
 back-hand of your adversary, as you please, than 
 it is to do so from the corner, whence you have a 
 natural tendency to send the ball in a similarly 
 diagonal direction across her court each time. You 
 will see what I mean by trying, on a court, to serve 
 to your adversary's back-hand from the extreme 
 corner of your right court. Try this also from 
 near the centre, and I think you will agree with 
 me that it is easier to do so from the latter place. 
 Eemember another point, and that is, that the 
 greater judgment and knowledge you show m dis- 
 covering where the ball will pitch, after it has 
 
A CHAPTER FOR LADIES. 73 
 
 been hit, the less you will have to run about. This 
 knowledge of ^^ where the ball will go " is less com- 
 mon amongst ladies than men, chiefly on account 
 of the latter having more experience in other 
 games, such as cricket and rackets, where it 
 becomes a second nature to a man to know where 
 his adversary will hit, almost before he has hit, 
 though he could perhaps hardly explain how he 
 arrives at this knowledge. It is a sort of subtle 
 instinct born of judgment and observation, and 
 matured by practice. It can only be acquired by 
 patiently watching how each ball is struck, and 
 noticing, by the effort made by the striker, the 
 amount of force put on the ball ; and by watching 
 from the lie of his bat with respect to his body, 
 and the inclination of his sight (as detailed in 
 Chapter II.), the direction in which the ball will 
 be sent. Again, I must hark back to where you 
 have delivered your service from nearly the centre 
 of the court. If you have acquired the knowledge 
 just described you will guess where your adversary 
 will send the ball, and will be there in time to re- 
 
74 LAWi^ TEJs'NIS. 
 
 turn it with efEect^ and perhaps to establish your 
 attack^ in the same manner as you did when she 
 was serving. But if you have not acquired this in- 
 stinct^ you must do the best you can, and with ac- 
 tivity^ backed up by an ability to place the ball, you 
 may still establish your attack. Eemember, also, 
 never to play a ball without an object ! l^ry every 
 time to give such a return that it will, at the least, 
 make your adversary run — before she can get it ; 
 or if, after a long run, you find the return too diffi- 
 cult to place, toss it in the air as high as you can, 
 to give yourself time to recover your position and 
 your breath. Do not try and volley much — the vol- 
 ley game is not made for ladies ! It is too quick, 
 and is too great a strain on the system. But when 
 you are in a difficulty, and either cannot get out 
 of the way of the ball, or cannot run back quickly 
 enough to take it on the bound, then by all means 
 volley it : never ^^ half volley,^'' if you can possibly 
 help it ; it is a most dangerous stroke, and is 
 never difficult to return. 
 
A CHAPTER FOE LADIES. 75 
 
 The double game, as played iy huo ladies on 
 eitTier side, 
 
 I should recommend here that both ladies play 
 back, for the reason just quoted — viz., that a 
 woman^s weakest point in this game is volleying. 
 Each keep to your own side, %,e,, right and left, 
 putting the stronger player in the right court. This 
 may appear at first strange advice, for you will say 
 that this will give the adversaries an opportunity 
 of playing on the weaker player^s back-hand. If, 
 however, your partner keeps well to the left of her 
 court, nearly everything will come to her front- 
 hand, and you will have the additional advantage 
 of getting more of the game yourself. Again, to 
 save or make the first ace is a most important 
 point, and as you are more likely to be able to do 
 that than your weaker partner, take the right 
 court to enable you to do so. You may also get 
 an extra service by these means, which is a great 
 point, if your partner^s service is weak. Play, 
 
7b LAWX TE>^XIS. 
 
 either of yon. from about between the service and 
 base lines, and send the balls as far back into the 
 adversaries court as possible. 
 
 DouhJe game — gentleman and lady on eltlier side. 
 
 Here the same argument holds good, for the 
 gentleman to take the right court, provided he 
 is anything of a player. If his partner is sure 
 and steady at her returns, he may play ''-'in'^ 
 and volley : if not, he should drop back, and help 
 her as much as possible. Let the lady remember 
 to play at the opposite lady^ and not to the gen- 
 tleman adversary, as, her returns being perhaps not 
 very difficult, he may demolish them. If her part- 
 ner says '* all right,'' or **'mine," she should let 
 the ball go to him, as he will probably make a 
 better stroke than she will. Above all, let her pay 
 attention, and not let her mind or eyes wander 
 over to the other courts, or to inspect some new 
 arrival. There is nothing more galling than to 
 find one^s partner inattentive. Another thing at 
 
LAWK TEifNIS. 77 
 
 lawn tennis is, never give in ! A game is never 
 lost till it is won, and I have seen the most extra- 
 ordinary games pulled off by patience, combined 
 with plucky determination. 
 
LAWS OF LAWN TENNIS 
 
 AS ADOPTED BY 
 
 THE U. S. N. L. T. A. 
 
 THE SINGLE-HANDED GAME. 
 
 1. For the single-handed game, the court is 27 ft. in 
 width and 78 ft. in length. It is divided across the 
 middle by a net, the ends of which are attached to the 
 tops of two posts at A and A, which stand 3 ft. outside 
 the court on each side. The height of the net is 3 ft. 
 6 in. at the posts, and 3 ft. at the centre. At each end of 
 the court, parallel with the net, and at a distance of 39 
 ft. from it, are drawn the lase-lines CD and EF^ the ex- 
 tremities of which are connected by the side-lines GE 
 and DF, Half-way between the side-lines, and paral- 
 lel with them, is drawn the half-court-line GH, dividing 
 the space on each side of the net into two equal parts, 
 called the HgTit and left courts. On each side of the net 
 at a distance of 21 ft. from it, and parallel with it, are 
 drawn the sei^mce-lines XX and TY. 
 
 2. The balls shall be not less than 2|- in. nor more 
 than 2f^g- in. in diameter ; and not less than 1|^ oz. nor 
 more than 2 oz. in weight. 
 
LAWK TEKKIS. 
 
 79 
 
 3. In matches, where umpires are appointed their 
 decision shall be final. 
 
 4. The choice of sides and the right of servdng dur- 
 ing the first game shall be decided by toss ; provided 
 that, if the winner of the toss choose the right to serve, 
 the other player shall have the choice of sides, and vice 
 versa. If one player choose the court, the other may 
 elect not to serve. 
 
 5. The players shall stand on opposite sides of the 
 net : the player who first delivers the ball shall be 
 called the server, the other the striker-out. 
 
 6. At the end of the first game, the striker-out shall 
 become server, and the server shall become striker-out ; 
 and so on alternately in the subsequent games of the 
 set. 
 
 D X A Y F 
 
 42 feet. 
 
 78;feet. 
 
 E 
 
 Single Court. 
 
 7. The server shall serve with one foot on the base- 
 line, or perpendicularly above said line, with the other 
 foot behind that line but not necessarily upon the 
 ground, and shall deliver the service from the right 
 and left courts alternately, beginning from the right. 
 
 8. The ball served must drop within the service-line, 
 half-court-line, and side-line of the court, which is di- 
 agonally opposite to that from which it was served, or 
 upon any such line. 
 
80 LAWX TEXXIS. 
 
 9. It is a fault if the service be delivered from the 
 wrong court, or if the server do not stand as directed in 
 Law 7, or if the ball served droji in the net or beyond 
 the service-line, or if it drop out of court or in the wrong 
 court, or if the server fail to strike the ball. 
 
 10. A fault may not be taken. 
 
 11. After a fault the server shall serve again from the 
 same court from which he served that fault, unless it 
 was a fault because served from the wrong court. 
 
 12. A fault may not be claimed after the next service 
 has been delivered. 
 
 13. The service may not be volleyed — i.e.^ taken be- 
 fore it touches the ground. 
 
 14. The server shall not serve until the striker-out is 
 ready. If the latter attempt to return the service, he 
 shall be deemed to be ready. 
 
 15. A service or fault delivered when the striker-out 
 is not ready counts for nothing. 
 
 16. A ball is in play from the moment at which it is 
 delivered in service (unless a fault) until it has been 
 volleyed by the striker-out in his first stroke, or has 
 dropped in the net or out of court, or has touched either 
 of the players, or anything that he wears or carries, ex- 
 cept his racket in the act of striking, or has been struck 
 by either of the players with his racket more than once 
 consecutively, or has been volleyed before it has passed 
 the net, or has failed to pass over the net before its first 
 bound, or has touched the ground twice consecutively 
 on either side of the net, though the second time may 
 have been out of court. 
 
 17. It is a good return, although the ball touch 
 the net ; but if the ball served touch the net, the 
 
LAWK TEKJ^IS. 81 
 
 service, provided it be otherwise good, counts for 
 nothing. 
 
 18. The server v^ins a stroke, if the striker-out 
 volley the service, or fail to return the service, or the 
 ball in play, or return the service or ball in play so 
 that it drop outside any of the lines which bound 
 his opponent's court, or otherwise lose a stroke, as 
 provided by Law 20. 
 
 19. The striker-out wins a stroke if the server 
 serve two consecutive faults, or fail to return the 
 ball in play, or return the ball in play so that it 
 drop outside any of the lines which bound his op- 
 ponent's court, or otherwise lose a stroke as provided 
 by Law 20. 
 
 20. Either player loses a stroke if he return the ser- 
 vice or the ball in play so that it touches a post of the 
 net ; or if the ball touch him or anything, that he wears 
 or carries, except his racket in the act of striking ; or 
 if he touch the ball with his racket more than once ; 
 or if he touch the net or any of its supports while the 
 ball is in play ; or if he volley the ball before it has 
 passed the net. In case any player is obstructed by an 
 accident, the ball shall be considered a let. 
 
 21. On either player winning his first stroke, the 
 score is called 15 for that player ; on either player win- 
 ning his second stroke, the score is called 30 for that 
 player ; on either player winning his third stroke, the 
 score is called 40 for that player ; and the fourth stroke 
 won by either player is scored game for that player, ex- 
 cept as below : 
 
 If both players have won three strokes the score 
 is called deuce ; and the next stroke won by 
 either player is scored advantage for that play- 
 er. If the same player win the next stroke, he 
 
82 LAWN TEXXIS. 
 
 wins the game ; if lie lose the next stroke, he 
 game is again called deuce ; and so on \ atil 
 either player win the two strokes immediately 
 following the score of deuce, when the game 
 is scored for that player. 
 22. The player who first wins six games wins a set, 
 except as below : 
 
 If both players win five games the score is called 
 games-all ; and the next game won by either 
 player is scored advantage game for that j)lay- 
 er. If the same player win the next game, he 
 wins the set ; if he lose the next game, the 
 score is again called games-all ; and so on un- 
 til either player win the two games immediate- 
 ly following the score of games-all, when he 
 wins the set. Individual clubs may modify 
 this rule at their discretion. 
 
 I^ote.—The referee shall call the game after an interval of five 
 minutes between sets, if either player so order. 
 
 23. The players shall change sides at the end of 
 every set ; but the umpire, on appeal from either party 
 before the toss for choice, may direct the players to 
 change sides at the end of every game, if, in his 
 opinion, either side have a distinct advantage, owing to 
 the sun, wind, or any other accidental cause ; but, if 
 the appeal be made after a match has been begun, the 
 umpire may only direct the players to change sides at 
 the end of every game of the odd and concluding set. 
 
 24. When a series of sets is jDlayed, the player who] 
 was server in the last game of one set shall be striker- 
 out in the first game of the next. 
 
law:n^ tenkis. 83 
 
 ODDS. 
 
 25. A Usque is one stroke, which may be claimed by 
 the receiver of the odds at any time during a set, ex- 
 cept as below : 
 
 A bisque may not be taken after the service has 
 
 been delivered. 
 The server may not take a bisque after a fault, but 
 
 the striker-out may do so. 
 
 26. One or more bisques may be given in augmenta- 
 tion or diminution of other odds. 
 
 27. Half -fifteen is one stroke given at the beginning 
 of the second and every subsequent alternate game of a 
 set. 
 
 28. Fifteen is one stroke given at the beginning of 
 every game of a set. 
 
 29. Half-thirty is one stroke given at the beginning 
 of the first game ; two strokes at the beginning of the 
 second game ; and so on, alternately, in all the subse- 
 quent games of a set. 
 
 30. Thirty is two strokes given at the beginning of 
 every game of a set. 
 
 31. Half forty is two strokes given at the beginning 
 of the first game ; three strokes at the beginning of the 
 second game ; and so on, alternately, in all the subse- 
 quent games of a set. 
 
 32. Forty is three strokes given at the beginning of 
 every game of a set. 
 
 33. Half -court : the players having agreed into which 
 court the giver of the odds shall play, the latter loses 
 a stroke if the ball, returned by him, drop outside any 
 of the lines which bound that court. 
 
84 
 
 LAWK TENNIS. 
 
 THE THREE-HANDED AND FOUR-HANDED 
 GAMES. 
 
 34. The above laws shall apply to the three-handed 
 and four-handed games, except as below. 
 
 35. For the three-handed and four-handed games the 
 court is 36 ft. in width. Within the side-lines, at a dis- 
 tance of 4^ ft. from them, and parallel with them, are 
 drawn the service-side-lines, XFand XT, The ser- 
 vice-lines are not drawn beyond the points XX and 
 YYj towards the side-lines. In other respects the 
 court is similar to that which is described in Law 1. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 ^ 
 « 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 <2 
 
 42 
 
 feet. 
 
 
 li 
 
 
 Y 
 
 §§ 
 
 X 
 
 
 78; feet. 
 
 C A U 
 
 Scale ^ji in. to yard. 
 
 Double Oourt. 
 
 36. In the three-handed game the single player shall 
 serve in every alternate game. 
 
 37. In the four-handed game the pair who have the 
 right to serve in the first game may decide which 
 partner shall do so, and the opposing pair may decide 
 similarly for the second game. The partner of the 
 player who served in the first game shall serve in the 
 third ; and the partner of the player who served in the 
 
LAWJSr TENi^IS. 85 
 
 second game shall serve in the fourth ; and so on in 
 the same order in all the subsequent games of a set. 
 
 38. The players shall take the service alternately 
 throughout each game ; no player shall receive or re- 
 turn a service delivered to his partner ; and the order 
 of service and of striking out, once arranged, shall not 
 be altered, nor shall the strikers-out change courts to 
 receive the service before the end of the set. 
 
 39. If a player serve out of his turn, the umpire, as 
 soon as the mistake is discovered by himself or by one 
 of the players, shall direct the player to serve who 
 ought to have served. But all strokes scored and any 
 fault served before such discovery shall be reckoned. 
 If a game shall have been completed before such dis- 
 covery, then the service in the next alternate game shall 
 be delivered by the partner of the player who served 
 out of his turn, and so on in regular rotation. 
 
 40. The ball served must drop within the service-line, 
 half-court-line, and service-side-line of the court w^hich 
 is diagonally opposite to that from which it was served, 
 or upon any such line. 
 
 41. It is a fault if the ball do not drop as provided 
 in Law 40, or if it touches the server's partner, or any- 
 thing he wears or carries. 
 
 DECISIONS BY THE ''FIELD," 1881-83. 
 
 SERVING. 
 
 July 30, 1881.* — There is no restriction as to the order of 
 serving and of striking out at the beginning of a fresh set. 
 
 * The dates here given are those of the "Field" in which the de- 
 cisions appeared. 
 
86 LAAVN TENNIS. 
 
 Law 24, when applied to a four-handed game, only prescribes 
 that the side that last served shall strike out in the first game 
 of the next set. Which of the two pla^^ers shall serve is left 
 to their option. 
 
 It is not necessary that the server in the first game should 
 receive the first service in the second game. 
 
 June 18, 1881. — In serving, if the ball touches one of the 
 adversaries before it drops, it is immaterial where it would 
 have dropped, and counts as a good service. 
 
 September 24, 1881. — In our opinion, if in the service the ball 
 touches the server's partner, it is a fault. The ball must be 
 deemed to have dropped as soon as it touches the partner, 
 and consequently it has not di'opped in the service-court. 
 
 November 19, 1881. — It is a fault if you strike at the ball and 
 miss it, but not if you throw up the ball and let it drop with- 
 out attempting to strike it. 
 
 February 17, 1883. — After a stroke has been decided, it is 
 too late to object that the wrong player delivered the service. 
 
 HANDICAPS. 
 
 August 20, 1881. — There is no priority in taking a bisque. 
 
 October 22, 1881. — A receives fifteen in the first game of each 
 set. What odds he had in the last game of the preceding set 
 makes no difference. 
 
 December 3, 1881. — A player receiving fifteen must com- 
 mence serving from the right-hand court. 
 
 A player who takes a bisque serves from the same court he 
 would have served from if he had not taken it. 
 
 July 7, 1883.— Six bisques are considered equivalent to fif- 
 teen, three to half-fifteen. 
 
 July 7, 1883. — Ovje half-Jifteen is one stroke owed at the be- 
 ginning of the^r.s^ and every subsequent alternate game of a 
 set. 
 
 It will thus be observed that when half odds are received, 
 they are given in the second, fourth, &c., games ; and that 
 when half odds are ovjed, they are paid in the first, third, &c., 
 games of a set. 
 
LAWK TENl^IS. 87 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 July 16, 1881. — It is not a let if a ball drops on another in 
 court. 
 
 Juhj 23, 1881. — If you or your partner touch the net while 
 the ball is inplmj, you lose the stroke. 
 
 October 8, 1881. — It depends on whether the ball was in play 
 at the moment A touched the net, not whether B's return 
 was manifestl}^ below the net-cord. The question of time is 
 one of fact for the umpire to decide, and if he is unable to do 
 so, the stroke must be played again. 
 
 June 24, 1882. — If when you volley the ball your racket is 
 not over the net, you do not lose the stroke unless youi* racket 
 follows over the net before the ball has left it. This is a point 
 involving fractions of an inch, and it must be decided by 
 sight. 
 
 July 1, 1882. — The server's partner cannot claim ^'not 
 ready," but only the player served to. 
 
 July 1, 1882. — The striker loses a stroke if he volleys the 
 ball before it has passed the net, whether he touches the net 
 or not. In the case of a ball which has dropped and twists 
 back over the net, it is a good return if the ball is played after 
 it has twisted back past the net, provided the net is not 
 touched whilst the ball is in play. 
 
 October 21, 1882. — The matches at Wimbledon are played 
 under the laws of the M.C.C. and A.E.L.T.C. Such a score 
 as " vantage-all" would not be allowed there. 
 
 July 7, 1883. — The player who is touched by the ball in play 
 loses the stroke. It is immaterial whether he is standing 
 close to the net or in the next parish. 
 
 May 12, 1883. — Either hand or both hands may be used. 
 
 June 30, 1883. — It is immaterial where the player is standing. 
 The whole question is, Does the ball touch him before it 
 drops ? If it does, he loses the stroke. 
 
ETTLES FOR TIMPIEES. 
 
 1. There should be two umpires for each game, un- 
 less there is a raised stand by the net. 
 
 2. If there are two umpires they should be placed in 
 the following manner : The umpire on the service side 
 should stand opposite the end of the base line, so as to 
 be able to see if the server stands as required. It is his 
 duty to watch the base line and one side line through- 
 out its entire length. The other umpire should stand 
 opposite the service line on the other side until the 
 service is returned, and should then fall back to the 
 end of the base line diagonally opposite to the other 
 umpire. He is to watch his base line, and the whole 
 side line on his side. In the absence of a scorer the 
 two umpires should arrange which shall call the score. 
 
 3. It is the duty of the umpire to call faults, strokes, 
 games and sets, when scored, or when requested to do 
 so. Not to call play, nor to give advice of any kind. 
 
 4. If, in his opinion, one side has a distinct advan- 
 tage, and he is appealed to to direct the players to 
 change sides at the end of every game, he has no option 
 whatever, but must direct them to do so, and remind 
 them at the end of each game. 
 
 5. In four-handed games there should be a third 
 umpire at the net, whose only duty is to see that the 
 rules regarding the net are observed. He usually, how- 
 ever, also acts as referee. 
 
LAWK TEKiTIS. 
 
 89 
 
 TABLE SHOWIKG METHOD OF CALCULATmO 
 DIFFEEENTIAL ODDS. 
 
 For instance, A can give B 15, and can give C 30 ; 
 it does not therefore follow that B should give G only 
 15. To make a perfect handicap, he should give him 
 a little more, for the following reason : The game, if 
 begun B 0, C 15, will be a longer one than if it were 
 called B 15, 30, which are the real points ; hence, 
 in the longer game B should give a trifle more than 
 15 — the following table will show how much more, 
 and will calculate the differential odds in all cases : 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 rQ 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 T-l 
 
 <w 
 
 
 rO 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 tH 
 
 Ql 
 
 
 .Q 
 
 rQ 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 + 
 
 + 
 
 
 
 Gi 
 
 
 + 
 
 + 
 
 
 IH 
 
 ©« 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 iO 
 
 lO 
 
 lO 
 
 
 -f 
 
 -f 
 
 S 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 -f 
 
 + 
 
 
 1-1 
 
 (N 
 
 X 
 
 ^ 
 
 X 
 
 iO 
 
 lO 
 
 iO 
 
 ^ 
 
 i^ 
 
 :^ 
 
 hi 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 IX. 
 
 X. 
 
 XI. 
 
 Xll. 
 
 xni. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 a 
 
 I. 
 
 
 
 II. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "o" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 E 
 
 III. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 F 
 
 IV. 
 
 
 
 V. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 H 
 
 VI. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 / 
 
 VII. 
 
 
 
 VIII. 
 
 T 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 T 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 L 
 
 IX. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 X. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 XI. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 xn 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1 
 
 The method of working the table is as follows 
 
00 LAWX TENNIS. 
 
 1. First of all, as six games win the best out of eleven, 
 so six bisques are calculated to be equal to 15. 
 
 2. The figures 1, 2, 3 in the table show the number 
 of bisques to be added to the drfference between the re- 
 spective odds. For example, suppose a player in class 
 nL is drawn against a player in class ix. , the difference 
 between their respective odds is 6 bisques — i.e., 15. 
 Xow, by running the eye along the third (in.) hori- 
 zontal band of the table (to which ni. is prefixed) 
 until we come to the perpendicular column above which 
 is IX., we find ix. has one (1) differential bisque from 
 in. Hence in. gives ix. 15 + 1 bisque. 
 
 3. To take the case of A, B, and C\ already quoted, 
 and to find how much more than lo B ought to give C. 
 where A is scratch, giving B 15 and C 30. B, receiving 
 15 (or 6 bisques), is in class vi. ; similarly, (7, who re- 
 ceives 12 bisques from scratch, is in class xii. The 
 difference between their respective odds is 6 bisques= 
 15. Xow find Ti. in the side figures, and run your eye 
 along till you come to the perpendicular column headed 
 by xn. You find the figure 2=2 bisques : hence, in 
 the case above quoted, B ought to give C 15 -f 2 
 bisques. 
 
 4. Where the odds given exceed 30, or where the 
 difference between the best and next best player is |15 
 or more, then make the highest class above scratch — 
 that is, make the best player begin with a minus quan- 
 tity, which he has to wipe off before he can score. 
 
 5. The strength of any pair is discovered by divid- 
 ing their united odds from scratch, as expressed in 
 bisques, by 2. Thus class n. and class vm., as partners, 
 get 10 bisques. Di\'ide by 2=cla3s v. ; or, in other 
 
LAWK TEi^i^IS. 91 
 
 words, they would get 5 bisques — i.e. ^15 + 2, bisques 
 from two scratcli players. 
 
 6. If the addition of such points results in an odd 
 number, add a bisque before dividing by 2. Thus 
 class III. and class iv. are drawn against class viii. and 
 class IX. as partners — 3 + 4=7. This being an odd 
 number, add 1, which makes it 8. Similarly add 
 1 to 17==18. Divide each by 2 now, and you get 
 class IV. playing class ix. , and giving them 5 bisques + 
 1 bisque differential odds, or a total of 6 bisques=15o 
 
OFFICEES OF THE UNITED STATES 
 NATIONAL LAWN TENNIS AS- 
 SOCIATION FOR 1887. 
 
 President, 
 
 EICHARD D. SEARS, 
 
 Longwood Cricket Club, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Vice-President. 
 
 J. S. CLARK, 
 
 Young America Cricket Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 H. W. SLOCUM, Jr., 
 
 St. George's Cricket Club, Staten Island, N. Y. 
 
 Executive Committee, 
 
 T. K. FRASER, H. A. TAYLOR, G. M. BRINLEY, 
 AND A. B. STAREY. 
 
 Secretary''s Address, 
 465 Clinton Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
LIST OF CLUBS BELONGING TO THE UNITED 
 STATES NATIONAL LAWN TENNIS ASSO- 
 CIATION. 
 
 Albany Lawn Tennis Club. — George D. Feary, Secre- 
 tary, 50 Willett St., Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Arapahoe Club. — L. M. Cuthbert, Secretary, Denver 
 Club, Denver, Col. 
 
 Belmont Cricket Club. — W. M. Longstreth, Secretary, 
 219 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Bergen Point Lawn Tennis Club. — Dr. C. C. Young, 
 Secretary, Bergen Point, N. J. 
 
 Berkeley Lawn Tennis Club. — Henry Hollawell, Secre- 
 tary, 789a Monroe St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Brooklyn Hill Tennis Club. — A. L. Tomes, Secretary, 
 502 Classon Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Buffalo Lawn Tennis Club. — Thomas C. Welch, Sec- 
 retary, 16 Coit Block, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Cheyenne Lawn Tennis Club. — J. L. T. Ployart, Sec- 
 retary, Cheyenne^ Wyoming. 
 
 Country Club of Westchester Co. — William Kent, Sec- 
 retary, 59 Liberty St., New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Danbury Lawn Tennis Club. — Granville Whittlesey, 
 Secretary, Danbury, Conn. 
 
 Delaware Field Club. — Charles M. Curtis, Secretary, 
 915 Market St., Wilmington, Del. 
 
 East Orange Lawn Tennis Club. — Robert Shimmon, 
 Secretary, 54 Barclay St., New York City, N. Y. 
 
94 LAWK TENNIS. 
 
 Elm wood Lawn Tennis Club. — W. H. Wing, Secretary, 
 10 South Water St., Providence, R. I. 
 
 Far-and Near Lawn Tennis Club. — Henry E. Coe, Sec- 
 retary, 37 Park Row, New York City, N". Y. 
 
 Franklin Archery Club. — H. G. Prout, Secretary, 18 
 Chambers St., New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Germantown Cricket Club. — F. M. Bissell, Secretary, 
 243 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Hackensack Lawn Tennis Club. — R. S. Jacobson, Sec- 
 retary, Hackensack, N. J. 
 
 Harlem Lawn Tennis Club. — J. A. Lefferts, Secretary, 
 168 West 126th St., New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Harrisburg Outdoor Club. — George E. Etter, Secretary, 
 212 Walnut St., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 Harvard Lawn Tennis Club. — D. K. Snow, Secretary, 
 24 Little's Block, Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Kenwood Lawn Tennis Club. — C. E. Freer, Secretary, 
 Bank of Montreal, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Knickerbocker Lawn Tennis Club. — L. M. Hall, Sec- 
 retary, 304 North 8th St., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Lehigh University Club. — Kenneth Frazier, Secretary, 
 South Bethlehem, Pa. 
 
 Leisure Hour Lawn Tennis Club. — John W. Potlcr, 
 Secretary, 198 Livingston St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Litchfield Lawn Club.' — Charles H. Coit, Secretary, 
 Litchfield, Conn. 
 
 Longwood Cricket Club. — Lott Mansfield, Secretary, 
 280 Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Meadow Club. — George D. Young, Secretary, 42 West 
 54th St., New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Merion Cricket Club. — Edward S. Sayres, Secretary, 
 217 South 3d St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
LAW]Sr TENNIS. 95 
 
 Minnesota Lawn Tennis Club. — Frank Skipnith, Sec- 
 retary, German American Bank B'ld'g, St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Milwaukee Lawn Tennis Club. — Theo. R. Mercein, 
 Secretary, 441 Milwaukee St., Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Monmouth Lawn Tennis Club. — John A. Faroot, Sec- 
 retary, Keyport, N. J. 
 
 Montclair Tennis Club. — R. M. Boyd, Jr., Secretary, 
 Montclair, N. J. 
 
 Morristown Law^n Tennis Club. — Henry C. Pitney, Jr., 
 Secretary, Morristown, N. J. 
 
 Nahant Lawn Tennis Club. — James Dwight, Secretary, 
 70 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Newark Tennis Club. — Harry Mortimer Peters, Secre- 
 tary, 117 Clinton Ave., Newark, N. J. 
 
 New Haven Lawn Club. — Arthur S. Osborne, Secre- 
 tary, P. O. Box 485, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Newport Tennis Club. — W. Watts Sherman, Secretary, 
 Newport, E. I. 
 
 New York Tennis Club. — Irving Putnam, Secretary, 
 27 West 23d St., New York City, N. Y. 
 
 North Shore Tennis Club.— William G. Willcox, Sec^ 
 retary, Davis Ave., New Brighton, Staten Island. 
 
 Orange Lawn Tennis Club. — A. B. Starey, Secretary, 
 831 Pearl St., New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Passaic Lawn Tennis Club. — M. D. M. Marsellus, Sec- 
 retary, Passaic, N. J. 
 
 Philadelphia Cricket Club. — G. Remak, Jr., Secretary, 
 
 120 South 6th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pioneer Tennis Club. — J. Herbert Johnston, Secretary, 
 
 121 Liberty St., New York City, N. Y. 
 Pittsburg Lawn Tennis Club. — Hazen Brown, Secre 
 
 tary, 60 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
96 LAWN TElfNIS. 
 
 Plainfield Lawn Club. — William D. Murray, Secretary, 
 Plainfield, N. J. 
 
 Portland Lawn Tennis Club. — Arthur S. Gilson, Secre- 
 tary, P. O. Box 1077, Portland, Me. 
 
 Powelton Lawn Tennis Club. — Grardiner van Nostrand, 
 Secretary, P. O. Box 596, Newburgh, N. Y. 
 
 Princeton Lawn Tennis Club. — Minot S. Morgan, Sec- 
 retary, Princeton, N. J. 
 
 Princeton College Lawn Tennis Club. — Thomas N. Mc- 
 Carter, Secretary, Princeton, N. J. 
 
 Providence Tennis Club. — William Gammell, Jr., Sec- 
 retary, Brook St., Providence, R. I. 
 
 Rochester Tennis Club. — Howard L. Osgood, Secre- 
 tary, 31 State St., Rochester, K Y. 
 
 Rockaway Hunting Club. — Middleton S. Burrill, Sec- 
 retary, 21 Broad St., Mill's Building, IST. Y. 
 
 Roseville Lawn Tennis Club. — C. Weston Bailey, Sec- 
 retary, 746 Broad St. , Newark, N. J. 
 
 Rutledge Lawn Tennis Club. — Frank Douglass, Secre- 
 tary, 25 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Scarlet Ribbon Lawn Tennis Club. — J. G. Jenks, Sec- 
 retary, 2960 Groveland Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Scarsdale Lawn Tennis Club. — James Bleecker, Jr., 
 Secretary, 136 East 49th St., New York City. 
 
 Seabright Lawn Tennis Club. — William Shippcn, Sec- 
 retary, Seabright, N. J. 
 
 Short Hills Club.— Devereux Toler, Secretary, Short 
 Hills, N. J. 
 
 Staten Island Cricket and Base Ball Club. — E. H. 
 Outerbridge, Secretary, 303 Produce Exchange, N.Y. 
 
 St. George's Cricket Club. — Walter Trimble, Secretary, 
 160 Broadwav, New York Citv. 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 97 
 
 Summit Lawn Tennis Club. — Edwin Morrell, Secre- 
 tary, Summit, N. J. 
 
 Trinity College Club.— G. M. Brinley, 16 Seabury Hall, 
 Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. 
 
 Twenty-third Regiment Club. — Chas. B. Denny, Sec- 
 retary, 202 President St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Washington Lawn Tennis Club. — Walter Y. R. Berry, 
 Secretary, 1512 H St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Waterbury Lawn Tennis Club. — John P. Kellogg, Sec- 
 retary, Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 Wedgmere Lawn Tennis Club. — Chas. J. Sergeant, 
 Secretary, Winchester, Mass. 
 
 West Chester Lawn Tennis Club. — A. W. Harrington, 
 Secretary, West Chester, N. Y. 
 
 West End Lawn Tennis Club. — Henry C. Snow, Presi- 
 dent, 27 Newbury St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Yale University Lawn Tennis Club. — R. O. Rogers, 
 Secretary, 32 South College, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Young America Cricket Club. — A. J. D. Dixon, Secre- 
 tary, 206 South 5th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
98 
 
 LIST OF WINNERS OF A3IERICAN CHAM- 
 PIONSHIP MATCHES. 
 
 Singles. 
 
 1881, R D. Sears. 1883, R. D. Sears. 1885, R. D. Sears. 
 
 1882, R. D. Sears. 1884, R. D. Sears. 1886, R. D. Sears. 
 
 Doubles. 
 
 1881, C. M. Clark and F. Taylor. 1884, J. Dwight and R. D. Sears. 
 
 1882, J. Dwight and R. D. Sears. 1885, R. D. Sears and J. S. Clark. 
 
 1883, J. Dwight and R. D. Sears. 1886, J, Dwight and R. D. Sears. 
 
 RECORDS OF TOURNAi\IENTS DURING 
 
 SEASON OF 1886. 
 
 Jtj^E. 
 
 Young America Invitation Tournament, taking place 
 June 4 and 5. Singles won by R. L. Beekman, of New 
 York. Doubles won by R. D. Sears and A. Moffat. 
 
 St. George's Cricket Club Tournament for Middle 
 States Championship, Hoboken, N. J., June 9, 10 and 
 11. Singles won by R. L. Beekman, New York. 
 Doubles won by Beekman and Slocum. 
 
 Orange Lawn Tennis Club Tournament, Orange, 
 N. J., June 16. Singles won by R. L. Beekman, New 
 York. Doubles won by Beekman and Slocum. 
 
 Far-and-Near Lawn Tennis Club Tournament, Hast- 
 ings-on-the-Hudson, June 23. Singles won by R. L. 
 Beekman, New York. Doubles won by Beekman and 
 Slocum. 
 
LAW:t^ TEKKIS. 99 
 
 July. 
 
 Rockaway Tournament, Rockaway Beach, L. I., 
 July 38 and follo\ving days. Singles won by H. W. 
 Slocum, Jr. 
 
 Kew Haven Lawn Club Tournament, for New Eng- 
 land Championship, at New Haven, Conn., July 7 and 
 following days. Singles won by H. W. Slocum, Jr. 
 Doubles won by Slocum and Thacher. 
 
 August. 
 
 Wright & Ditson Tournament at Hotel Wentworth, 
 Newcastle, N. H., August 3 and following days. 
 Singles won by J. S. Clark, Philadelphia. Doubles 
 won by Clark and Taylor. 
 
 Nahant Tournament, at Nahant, Mass., August 9. 
 Singles won by H. A. Taylor, New York. 
 
 Bar Harbor Tournament at Bar Harbor, Me., August 
 15, 16 and 17. Singles won by J. S. Clark. Doubles 
 won by Clark and Berry. 
 
 Newport Tournament for Championship of the 
 United States, at Newport, R. I., August 23 and fol- 
 lowing days. Singles won by R. D. Sears. Doubles 
 won by Dwight and Sears. All comers won by R. L. 
 Beekman. 
 
 Septembeb. 
 
 Lenox Tournament, at Lenox, Ma^s., September 7 
 and following days. Singles won by R. L. Beekman, 
 New York. Doubles won by Beekman and Slocum. 
 
 Rochester Tournament, at Rochester, N. Y., Septem- 
 
100 LAW>^ TEi^KIS. 
 
 her 7, 8, 9 and 10. Singles won by G. M. Brinley. 
 Doubles won by Brinley and Mackenzie. 
 
 Orange Tournament, at Orange, N. J., September 15 
 and following days. Singles w^on by G. M. Brinley. 
 Doubles won by Dwigbt and Sears. 
 
 Westchester Lawn Tennis Club Tournament, at 
 Waterbury, Conn., September 25 and following days. 
 Singles won by H. A. Taylor, ISTew^ York. 
 
 October. 
 
 Inter- Collegiate Tournament on the grounds of the 
 Xew Haven Lawn Club, New Haven, Conn., October 
 12, 13 and 14. Singles won by G. M. Brinley, of Trin- 
 ity College. Doubles won by Knapp and Thacher, of 
 Yale College. 
 
 Many other tournaments of note took plaoe during 
 the season of which we have no records. 
 
 DATES OF TOURNAMENTS FOR 1887. 
 
 The following are dates of Tournaments or Cluu 
 Contests settled on for season of 1887, up to time of 
 going to press : 
 
 St. George's Club Middle . States Tournament, at Ho- 
 boken, N. J., Jime 1, 2 and 3. 
 
LAWl!f TEN-ll^IS. 101 
 
 Young America Club Invitation Tournament at 
 Philadelphia, June 10 and 11. 
 
 New Haven Lawn Club Tournament for New Eng- 
 land Championship, June 13 and following days. 
 
 Scarlet Ribbon Club of Chicago, 111., for Champion- 
 ship of the Western States, July 4 and 5. 
 
 Meadow Club of Southampton, L. I. , in July. Date 
 not settled on. 
 
 Wright & Ditson's Tournament will take place Au- 
 gust 2 or 9. Place decided on later. 
 
 At Newport, 
 
 For the Championship of the United States in 
 Singles, August 22 and following days until decided. 
 
 At Orange^ JSf, J". 
 
 For the Championship of the United States in 
 Doubles, September 6 and following days. 
 
 In the Singles all matches are best 3 out of 5, vantage 
 sets. Heretofore they have been simple sets. 
 
 All matches in Doubles will be best 3 in 5, vantage 
 
 sets. 
 
 The official organ of the United States Lawn Tennis 
 Association is the American Cricketer, Philadelphia, 
 Pa,, P. 0. Box 500. 
 
"DNDODBTEDLY THE BEST RACKET MADE 
 
 IS THE 
 
 ( i 
 
 ASSOCIATION," 
 
 And it is so 'pronounced by experts who have 
 played with it, 
 
 Best quality selected ash frame ; extra tight stringing with best 
 
 English gut ; new shape bowl ; perfectly balanced and finely 
 
 finished — without exception the best racket that has 
 
 been produced in England or this country. 
 
 EVERY RACKET WARRANTED. PRICE, $5.50. 
 
 OTHER RACKETS FROM $1.00 UP. 
 
 Nets, Poles, Markers, Etc. 
 
 *ii* Send stamp for Catalogue containing ''An Account of the Gamf at Tennis'^ 
 as played one hundred years ago. 
 
 D, W, GRANBERY & CO., Makers, 
 
 20 John Street, New York. 
 
ALL TENMS PLAYE"? A iLL FIND 
 
 7 :::: It issues of 
 
 Outing 
 
 the most careful, accurate and complete re : r i : f events 
 
 in the Tennis world that is T-i'.is'-rd 
 
 in this countnr. 
 
 ALL MANLY AND CVANLY RECREATIONS 
 
 PEICT:, - - - TTV^I^TTT-FIV K CXINTS- 
 
 $3.00 -Aw VH.-^R. 
 
 1*0^ f^AT^E B^S- IsrJ=:WSX>'RAT.'EZRS> 
 
 O, . 4- : ^ ^ ^^O XAwtSSAwU STREET. 
 
iS° A SPLENDID BOOK FOR EVERY 
 WHEELMAN. 
 
 THOMAS STEVENS' GREAT WORK. 
 
 Around the World 
 
 ON A 
 
 Bicycle. 
 
 FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO TEHERAN. 
 By Thomas Stevens. With a preface by Thomas Went- 
 
 WORTH HiGGINSON. 
 
 With a Colored Frontispiece — Portrait of the Author 
 in Costume — by Kelly, and over One Hundred other 
 Illustrations, i vol., 8vo, cloth, $4.00. 
 
 The great interest which has developed in the last few years in the 
 exhilarating sport of wheeling makes fresh and timely this record of 
 Mr. Stevens* extraordinary journey. In every way his achievement 
 was a remarkable one ; and he has told the story of it in a style that 
 will delight all who admire pluck, skill, and endurance, brought out 
 under novel conditions and amid picturesque scenes in remote lands. 
 
 " For the originality of its idea, the physical endurance and^ pluck necessary for 
 "its execution, the dangers involved in it, and its own inherent interest, this bicycle 
 trip round the world will pretty certainly remain unequalled in our time." — Pall Mall 
 Gazette, 
 
 *' The mere moral courage demanded of the man who essays an expedition into 
 regions where such an outlandish carriage has never before been seen is sufficiently 
 notable to entitle Mr. Stevens to the credit which he will no doubt obtain for his 
 plucky exploit. No man who honors courage, pluck, endurance — no man who is 
 capable of understanding the&e qualities — will feel anything but admiration for him." 
 The Lofidon Standard, 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 
 
 743-745 Broadway, New York. 
 
The AMERICA'S CUP: 
 
 HOW IT WAS WON BY THE YACHT AMERICA IN 1851 
 AND HOW IT HAS BEEN SINCE DEFENDED. 
 
 By Capt. ROLAND F. COFFIN, 
 
 Author of ** Sailors* Yams,''* "Archibald the Cat,'* **Eow Old Wiggins Wore Ship,'* 
 
 * Archibald the Cat,' 
 Etc, Etc, 
 
 I vol., i2ino. With Illustrations. Paper, 50c. Cloth, $1.00. 
 
 A history of all the races since 1851 for the possession of the trophy, 
 the emblem of the yachting supremacy of the world — commonly called 
 the Queen's Cup — with an account of the English yachts Genesta and 
 Galatea, entered for the races to be sailed in September, 1885, for the 
 possession of this most coveted prize. Also descrip'ions of the yachts 
 Priscilla and Puritan. There are twelve full page illustrations from 
 drawings by Frederick S. Cozzens, an engraving of the cup, and a repro- 
 duction of John Leech's cartoon published in London Punch after the 
 remarkable victory of the America in 185 1. 
 
 For sale by ail booksellers^ or sent^ post-paid^ by the publishers^ 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. 
 
 J4^ & 7^5 Broadway, New-Yorh. 
 
Canterbury Pilgrimage, 
 
 Ridden, Written and Illustrated by 
 
 JOSEPH AND ELIZABETH ROBINS PENNELL. 
 
 I voL, square 8vo. Paper, 50 Cents. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Pennell furnish an 
 exceedingly entertaining story of 
 an unconventional journey from 
 London to Canterbury. A year 
 ago they started off one hot Aug- 
 ust morning to make the pilgrimage, not by rail, 
 as the latter day pilgrims usually travel, but on a 
 tricycle. It was a merry spin through a glorious 
 country, following the road of the famous com- 
 pany of bygone days. The history of the ride is 
 most charmingly told, and the illustrations which 
 crowd every page are in Mr. PennelFs happiest 
 vein. 
 
 For sale by all booksellers^ or sent^ post-paid ^ by the publishers ^ 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. 
 
 J4^ Gr J 4^ Broadway, New^York. 
 
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