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 ^^4 
 
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 
 
 Cl|;i|ir , - iCajii|rir5f|l 1)o. 
 rMTr::> states of .uiekka. 
 
Jl;^ 5ity of F(oa9ol^e, l/ir^ii^ia. 
 
 WRITTEN AND COMPILED 
 
 FRANK H FA^Lol '* !^ai]i 
 
 P9;^i\ ILLUSTRATED AND PRINTED 
 
/In InJu5lri(iI Inv^^^ion. 
 
 N imjuiUc i)f cncri;)' and cubital fr 
 of tlic Southern rcyioii. marks tl 
 of thr Century of progress which 
 
 he North, along the highlands 
 .sing years of the nintli decade 
 jmarkable. not oiil\- because of 
 
 Its spontaniet)-, but also because it h<is been so long deferred. 
 
 That favorite field of exploitation, the boundless West, has of 
 late years exhibited reactionary tendencies. It no Icmger yields its 
 m^ tiibute of prcifit to the confident investi.ir. ,uul tens of thousands of 
 thosL \\Ilo Iiave suffered the rigors of its prolonged winters .ue held sinijily 
 b\- their inability to convert their hard won possessions into portable shape. There is an o\(_-r- 
 plus of cereals and an undersupply of metals. So it comes about that the \'ast rejiositories of 
 ores and coals in the mountains of X'irginia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky, (ieorgi.i and 
 Alabama, long since known to the world, at least b\- rumor, are Uiiw laid under trilnite. The 
 bearers of the tlieodolite are bus\- striking lines of approach for numerous lailroads athwart the 
 broad areas known to be rich in workable ores. 1^'or the first time in thirty )-ears the balance of 
 
ilfiMil C'limiructicm 
 
 iiil; tl 
 
 Jllf...:,A>iiP^:#;, ^^'^\ 'C'fm 
 
 ^-s^^^^-^- 
 
 year ju>t [).wscii, in favnr ..f llic Southern 
 
 Statc>^. Alnui-t lor-nttcn >clu-mcs for 
 
 Connection^. e.\ten>ions an.l terminals of 
 
 ,l| Ion;4 exi-tin- lines have Ijeen revived 
 
 I' and put under way. There is, in brief, 
 
 activitN- e\-er\\\here. 
 
 >^.^^\ .Mthou-h in .ictu.il pr. .duction of pi^^r 
 
 '""~f__ _^,,^ ir-n \"ir-inia has thus f.ir been out- 
 
 ^' stripped !)\- se\-eral of her si-ter .States 
 
 I^^ - of the South, the ni.ist recent calcul.i- 
 
 B, tions tleinonstrate that in the present 
 
 5' ratio of increase she stands .it the head. 
 
 1 The che.ip .md excellent cokes of the 
 
 I-l.it To], re-ion. deliverable at the doors 
 
 t<. -aether with the discovery of the ISasie method of 
 
 !y .idapt themselves. ,ire the 
 
 r 
 
 ''<:) 
 
 of the furnaces with ,i minimum of . 
 
 which scores of new ,ind ambitious \-oun:^' communities in \'irL;inia arc t(;-da\- attractin_^- t( 
 
 Itees 1)\- virtue ot 
 

 " ^2j &3sh i^ ^an iL^ = = ' „'^. ^ ,-11 
 
 idS^St 
 
 
lu'iusL-lvcs imiui-rants, wuikiiKii, capitalists and busiiuss nicii <if varied pursuits as fast as tlie 
 rains can l>rinL; thcni. A liberal policy <.f treatment upcui the j.art of the X.-rfdlk and Western 
 >;aih<Md and the Shenand..ah \'alle\- Kailn.ad further stimulates this ninNement at numerous 
 )oints alono their main lines, and lateral stations have been built or are under wa\- which in ])oint 
 if arcliitictnral st>le. are onl\- e.pialed b\- those orn.itc dejiot structures usuall\- seen in tlie 
 •icinity of the lart;er eastern cities. The costly "inns." also maintained b\- these railroails. are 
 anions for their excellence. 
 
 .So much b_\- \va_\- of prelude. It is the especial ])ro\-incc of this book to deal more with the 
 )ud<linL; fortunes of the Lii\ <<\ R. 'AXoKi:, which, .is the junction i)oint of tlie two t^'rcat lines of 
 ailroad traversiiiL,^ the mineral territ..ry of \'ir-inia and the lie.id(piarters of the executive forces 
 ,f those lines, is the central point of the whole svsteni of development thus brietiv outlined. 
 
 via the Norfolk and Western Railroad, and J 
 
 It -\;-'. miles west of Norfolk. 
 
 les south of }Ia-erstown, Mary- 
 l.md, \ia the .Shen.indr.ah Valley Railroad. Double daily express trains ]>ass throu-h Roanoke 
 each wa_\- over both of these r.iilroads, with unbroken sleeping; car service from aiul to Xorfi)lk 
 upon the former line, and from and to New ^'ork vi.i llarrisbur- an. I I'hil.ulelphia upon the 
 latter, ,is well as with Bristol, Knoxville. Atkinta and Memphis via tlu' l-.asi Tennessee. \'ir-inia 
 
 6 
 
and GeorL,na Air Line. In point of time Roanoke is distant, under cxistin-- schedules, from 
 New York about sixteen hours, from Phihideli-iliia abe>ut thirteen h.mrs, fn.m Washington 
 
 ^. It hours ,ind from X.,rfoIk nine h..urs. 
 The approach to Ro.uioke hv either of 
 , .,ie U'lnible route, lei.ls tl 
 //4fe ^^'^^'^^=4,^ " thi.uuli isuee.sMon <.f pietures,|uev,dley: 
 
 nd\ swLipm^r ,,1 J <j;-rand cur 
 at hist 
 
 \r^'""^'^- ^^; .S?ta^i^ 'MlJ ^""'"^^ '^^"''" ^"" '"' *''" "'"^ ''' tliehne 
 
 ^~~^'''~°^^^ ' ^^ lie henih uo.dcd uid tlie valleys be- 
 
 REMDEXCE.UFCC. FHIGERCNDMR P ^ POPC .NMSTHAVr .t ^ ^^ ^ ^ ,^ ^^_^_ l^.pLCl.dlx HI thc viciuitV of 
 
 Roanoke, thoroughly cultivated, xicldin;^ excellent crop.. The remarkable 1 .inM_\- Cuerns and 
 Grottoes of the Shenandoah and f.mious Natural Rridije of X'iryinia are upon the m.iin line 
 of the Shenandoah Vallev Raiho,,,!, these to<,rcther witil the superb scenerx' of tile James and 
 
Slicnaiuloali Rivers attr,ictiii;4 many thciusaiuis nf people amuiall\- who incidentally form some 
 ])a-sing aeijuaintance with Roanoke. 
 
 The altitude of Roanoke is (joj feet ab.ive tide-level, which is in the immediate vicinity of 
 that i^ieal plateau which in every country produces the most hardy, enterprising and intlomitable 
 
 
 :es of |)e.iple. In the valley of the Roanoke the conditions for the healthful and ; 
 lintenance of a very large pojiulation seem, as one contemplates tliem, almost perfect. 
 
The swift little Roanoke River, haviiii,' its headwaters in the mountains to the westward 
 Hows southeasterly upon its hint; journey tn Albermarle Sound and skirts the margin of tlie town, 
 its beil beiu'; for a lon;T distance tlironL;h ,i deep and pictures.pie ravine which f.irnis a most 
 attractive feature of that section of the city wisely reserved for park purposes. While drivini,^ in 
 the \icinity of the city one encounters a number of clear rapid streamlets. alwa\-s fordablc, 
 aud-pleasin;4 both to the eye of the artist and of the more matter-of-fact inxx-stor. 'I'hese become 
 the sluices which remo\c the danL;ers of pollution which lurk' in so man\- ])opulous places. The 
 natural drainaL;e of Roanoke is one of its most advantageous attributes. 
 
 Tiu- two r.iilro.ul lim-s meet at ,i union station in the heart of the city, their resjiectixe tracks 
 occui)>-ini; either si<le of the extended sheltered ]il,itform. To the eastward are the yreat machine 
 works, the pioneer industry, occupx-ini; the trian.L;le between the converL;ini; tracks of the two 
 r.iilroads. To the westw.ird is an extensive system of sidin-s. I'pon the ri-ht a> one alights 
 from the \\est-boun<l tr.iins. ujiou a roumled hill (piite near the station, is the handsome " Oueen 
 Anne" Hotel Roanoke, now in process of enlari^enient. .md opposite, the quaint ;nul room\- 
 buildiuL; of the Norfolk and Western Railnud Comjiany's -eneral ^>iTiCi>. Those of the Shenand.i.ah 
 X'alley R.ulro.ul t'omji.an)- .ux- upon b'fferson .Street to the left, and but a step from the station. 
 The solidls- built bu-iiu-ss section is nearl\- altOLjethcr t.. the south of the railroad tracks, and 
 beyond this busy hi\e, upon the crest of the ridye half a mile or more awa\-. along the streets 
 
leading thereto and off toward tlie broad high phiteau of West End, there are many scores of 
 tasteful and expensive detached houses, each different in some degree from its neighbor, yet all 
 embodying those agreeable details of outer shape and of interior finish which are now the delight 
 
 of the modern-hiime architect. These residences are 
 alwa>-s set in the center of pi, its sufficiently large to 
 admit of well-kept lawns. All thi.s has come to pass 
 within the last six or seven years. To be sure, at that 
 period Roanoke had cease.l to be Big Lick. The 
 machine works and one furnace were in operation. 
 The Hotel Roanoke was open for guests, and the 
 h.uidsome general iifTices <ff the r.iilroad company, already 
 referred to, were there; but in 'S3 the tot.il population 
 was probably not greatly in excess of 1,000 souls. In 
 '87 there were 8,500 residents, ,ind it is confidently- 
 expected at this writing th.it the census agents will 
 be able to report a total population of 20,000 when the\- knock at Ro.uioke's doors. 
 
 .Six or seven years ago the business of Roanoke was chiefly m.iint, lined upini one or two 
 brief streets, lined with cheap and temporary structures. Some of these still rem.iin, affording a 
 
marked contr.ist to the fine brick, stone and iron blocks now s.i numerous, and it is only 
 reasonable to jjresume tint in another \-ear or so the--.e remnants of the city's former contlition 
 will have nearly all disappeared. All of the yarden-crowned hillside... now occupied by 
 
 the hoin.-s .,f the bu>y jie-plc ,,f Ro.moke. 
 
 where her churches and schools n,.w 
 ad.)rn tlle scene, were only ne-lected lots. 
 It is manife-t. therefore, that the people 
 who h.ive, shoulder to >houlder, de\.,ted 
 >evc'r,d of the be>t years .,( their lives U, 
 the work which has m.ide Roanoke wh.it it 
 is to-day. are clearly entitled to be he.irtily 
 proud of wh.il the\- cm now .sh,,w the 
 
 Ro.moke li.i- f.iirly uoii her title, •• The 
 
 Stand. ird I'.e.irer of X'ir-ini.m rro<;re^s." 
 
 .\nd till-. 1-. but the b,-.L;mnm-. 1 here is no la-L;inL;. There seems ,i .pudity m this upl.md 
 
 ,itmo-,i)here which imiHU the worker >'\er onward. There is much yet to do, F.very hotel i^ full 
 
 f. ^^!^^1>,;[]^^^.. 
 
Iv I 
 
 i: 
 
 1 ' 
 
 
 III' 
 
 4 
 
 mijiim^ 
 
 
<if in<|iiircr^ with iiimuy to in\i-,t; witli iicnplc ulio want tn learn how ami where to locate and 
 hec-onu- a part of this stiniulat in- wide-awake population. H.inies must he huilt for them 
 constantly, farther and farther away from the center of thin-s, with a -limpse here and there 
 of the mountains where the m.unin;4 and the exenin;^ sun touches them with such tender L;lor\-. 
 Then tlie stri-ets are yet to he pi'rfected. grade crossin-s aholished, and man\- \acanl sjiaces to 
 he aci]uired and l)uilt upon. Computation of the population ii\e years hence is ,ill c;uess-work, 
 more likely to he under than al.oxe the fact when it develop.. .s,, j^oanoke says, throu-h Iter 
 newspapers, throu-h lier daily correspoiulence, and lastly lhn:u-h this little ho,,k. to the rest of 
 the world. -C-ome .and lend a h.md : we'll -ive y,.u .m even chance, and it will be your own 
 fault if \ou ch.n't make it p.iy." \ow for some details. 
 
 K()uI'()k(>'S TllllllOriliPS. ^'^•'' <"'^ '-'-"'"' "'--^'^'^ '""1 authority is vested in a mayor and 
 council, com[)osed of representatix'e citizens, who meet frequenth' 
 for the promotion of the conmion good .md are united upon all ipiestions of progress. 
 
 FiircvIKT>S. '^'"'' '''^>''' assessment of property values for the year I S90 will amount to about 
 
 ,S'\o(x.i.cxxi. The tax rate is $1.10 upon Skx3.oo. The St.ite tax is four mills, and 
 
 there is no count}- tax. ( )utstanding bonds are S'.s'i.OOO, to which should be added ^J ;o.OOO 
 
flf^ rccenti)- voted for the Roanoke and Southern Railroad 
 
 ( referred to elsewhere) and for the cuistruetion ..f 
 overhead Liridyes aen.s^ the tracks of the lines n.Av 
 traversinL;- the cit\-. I'nder the law. the l.onded debt can- 
 not exceed I 5 per Cent, of the taxable propert\- of the city. 
 The bonds run for 30 years at 6 per cent, interest. 
 
 PuLIic Builclin^^s. '^^'ij^ t;tiv"i'''"n!"r't"'"'' ' 
 
 ture. costing but $17,000, is anii)le for the pi'oper 
 prosecution of the business to which it is dedic.ited. and 
 is centrall\- located. Imniediatel)' in the rear is the jail, a 
 solidly buUt stone structure, cntainin- 3-^ cells. A bill 
 betcu'e congress f.ir the erection of a large and creditable 
 go\ernnient building has been favor.ddy reported, and 
 will <loubtless p.iss. This will be a graceful recognition 
 upon the part of the national authorities of the enviable 
 iiosition of Roanoke .mn.ng Southern mount, un cities. 
 
 crry coirt hois 
 
I1()I(*K 111 this ivspcLt. altlKni-li fnrthc past >car lu-r capabilities for entertainment lia\ 
 
 heen often put to severe te-t. the eit_\- is well proxiiK.l. The i)ioneer of the lar^,' 
 
 hotel> is the attractive lintel Roanoke, ouiie.l hy the Norfolk an,l WeMern Railroad (/ompan 
 
 mil locate 
 
 (lance of piazza sjiace. It 
 
 per. torni one of the most 
 
 ■th or .South affordin- a 
 
 is l.ein- Iniilt upon the 
 
 i> not too mucli to s.iy that the l.road ]» ,rclu-.. cla.l with \'ir.-inia 
 
 restful ,uul .i-reeahle spots in the entire city. There .are few lioteK \. 
 
 more IxMUtiful outlook. .\t the present time ,i lar,L;e an.l io-,tl\- .idditi. 
 
 western side, .md when this is done the ■■ Roanoke" will cont.iin I ;( i bedrooms, and will have ,i 
 
 fronta-e to the south of 300 feet. In .a.ldition. t he extensive :.;rounds will be great ly embellished. 
 
 it is under the m.in.i-ement of Mr. JMed I'.. Foster, who .dso has char-e of the Norfolk .md 
 
 West.rn R.iilro.id ( -ompany's - Inns." ,it R.idfor.l. I'ulaski .md P.luetlelds. 
 
 The City Hotel. ,it the corner oi jeffers.,n Street and I'-irst .\venue. is ., fo„r-story brick 
 
 travelin<,r men. 
 
 hotel, cont.iinin- 130 rooms, is ,,ppro.ichin- completion. Another new hotel just bein- finished 
 is the Continental, direct l_v facin- tin- depot. 
 
 16 
 

 ^'^^4:^Co:^ 
 
I']) Jefferson Street, just beyond tile rail- 
 -o;ul L^eneral office IniildiiiL,'. is tlie Ilc.tel 1-elix, 
 :(intainin_L; 75 rooms. 
 
 Tlu' Palace II,,tel is ako ,,,,p,,Mte the 
 iepi.t, and contains ;o l>edr(M>nis. 
 
 i.avtly is .Marshall's new European Hotel 
 md r.ife. 
 
 ^ae^i.. -y i . .^mf 
 
 sun,, are so cm-tant. hank.n.^r ,ac,ht,es are -^f'-fe^^^ ^'i^YJ' -' .'"TA 
 
 neces.ualy lar.e. [ Ih ^^^ ^CX.,,^ C x ^ 
 
 The I-'ir-t Nati.-n.il ji.mk has a capital -^ ^^'i'^\p3)iSmf^'- 1_^^ 
 
 of SUKUHK) and .1 Mu-plus ,,| Sjo.oou. II..n. 11. .S. Tn ut i^ piesident md Mi J W shields c i-^hi 1 
 
 Tile Nati..nal Ivxchan-e liank, liaNin;,' a capit il (t SKouou and ;jj:;uuo m ^o\cinmcnt 
 l.ond-, 1. ..fficered l,y T. T. l-i>hl,uriu-. Rs.)., ..s presid. nt md 1 1! iishhuine I mj is c ishici 
 
 Ihe Citi/eils' liank, XMth J. 1!. Le\\-. F.s-i.. as jiusidciU m.l lolin Ott I sq is ,,shlet. 
 
The Commercial National Bank has §100,000 capital and §10,000 burplu 
 J. W. Coon. Esq., is president, and K. J. C. Davenport, Es. 
 
 The Traders' Eoan, Trust and Deposit Company and th< K m kelius 
 Loan and Safe Deposit Company, each with $loo,000 capit.il ti ms ict < 
 large financial business. 
 
 ScIlOoK '^'^'^ '■^^" P'-'^^''^ schools have an enrollment 
 
 of scholars in regular attendance n( about 
 
 1,600. The buildings are both creditable to the city. 
 
 There are also nearly 400 pupils in the colored school. 
 
 The new Alleghany Institute, located upon a 
 sightly ridge north of the city, has just been completed. 
 It is a fine structure. Rev. Dr. C. F. James is principal. 
 
 In a picturesque valley seven miles north of 
 Roanoke is the Hollins Institute, a seminar}- for \'oung 
 ladies. This fine old institution numbers among its 
 alumni thousands of the matrons of the .South, scattered 
 through every State. It has existetl for many years, 
 
 rKEENE MEM 
 
iiii*iiE 
 
 founded Inn- hcfr.rc the period ..f the war. 
 
 A tine -^truclure is hein;^ erected t..r tl 
 
 rhe rresl)\ieriaiis maintain the l-"irst Churcli and the 
 
 S. \V. Hethans- C-hai)el. 
 X 'I'he Ch-eene Memorial AlethocHsl Chureh 
 
 _ -- i> a hantlsnnie new lirick structure. 
 
 I Si. .Mark's Lutheran Church is tlie okk^st 
 
 — r' (k'nnmination.d societ\- in the cit\-. tkuintr 
 
 F.H.^T i.RisBVTEmA.N c-,,,-.,,-,, -ll,^. Secud I.utheran Church is an off- 
 
 shc.dt of the kist named church. .St. Joim's Protestant k'-iMscopal Church h.is Ixeii in e.xistencc 
 twelve years. The Cathohcs have .St. Andrew's Church, k-cated upon hi-h kind in the suburbs. 
 The "Christian • .sect have a cliurch. and another Methr.dist church, the "Lee." is k.cated in 
 East Roanoke. Tiie cok.red neopk- have several churches. 
 
^(!rj,^-!'-'\: "'^W^^ gM/P^^ md 
 
 nfl^aiHIHi B' ! ' ^ '°, jiffs'^ ^ ■]^P^«'^" J teWe"^ r :I -^ll^^p 
 
 l^^^j^ „,^^3^a^ 
 
 
MuFIvPIS '^" I'l'vinusly statol, the farniin- area inimciliatcly an.uiul R...innkc is very 
 oniMdcrahlc an.l lii-hly pro-lnctix e of a variety -f cereals and of -arden 
 ve-etaliles. 'Jllis l,.cal table Mipplx' is reinf.TCe.l l.\- c< .nsi-nnieilts from the markets of Norfolk, 
 in tile shajje of hsh, ,,ysters and the like'. A market-house is maintained at a central point, 
 under the present Opera House. Street markets are an almost dail_\- -^i-ht, .md -rocery stores 
 
 /ImUSPIIKM'.IS. '""^- '"^'"^'''t'""-^ li''ve- been laid f..r an expensive and r ny Opera House 
 
 l)uililin;^f. The present structure, devoteil t.i the purpose, is almost con- 
 .stantl)- in use by theatrical companies and specialty jierformers. Din-iilt; the winter season 
 man_\- <.f the t)e^t troupes up.m the road sto]) fnr a ni-ht i>r two at Ro.uioke. and with the 
 ])ronnsed facilities, n., duubt. man_\- others will come with whose merits the residents are as yet 
 
 Dril^j Sl'OrP^ Se\-eral e\tensi\-e concerns, filled with the numerous articles usuall_\- carried 
 in the stock of first-class dm- houses, full_\- meet the re (luireniellls ,>f the 
 city in this respect. We sliouM especiallx' mention the l,u-e store of Mr. Cli.is. I.y.ill. .md that 
 of Mr. J. V. Christian, both of which are widely known an.! extensively p.itn.ni/.ed. 
 

 
 jvs&'Ji-' 
 
 %?^?^^ ^4^L^ 
 
 V7EW E4ST AND SOUTH-EAST FROM THE CITY 
 
Vuh>r SUj'l'Iv. '•'^■^^ ^'^'^'^ ■'"'■ ^" ^i;4n..lly favniv,! in the matter ,,f an untailin- supply nf 
 clc.ir >]),irklin.L; water as is Roanoke. The spring; from uiiich tki- all 
 
 essential lluiil is nhtaiiied is located about two miles southward from tile citx'. It is one of the 
 tiiin,L;s which strani,a-rs in tile course of their enlert.iinnuMit 1)\ hospitable Roanukers are 
 expected to i;-n and see. It is a pleasant dri\e out th.it way. It takes one across the ridc^e 
 devoted to cotta-e home-., and all alon;.; the road, over a narrow brid-c suspended above the 
 R..anoke River and dou n a Ion- lane to a shad\- copse-, where just at the base of a rocky hill the 
 .sprini; rushes forth. It is certanil)- a treaMue for Roanoke. It is said that its daily outtlow 
 
 come. .\ pair of IIolle>- pum|)s in .i substantial brick buildin- sends this water direct into 
 town, liftnu: the surplus to the reser\ on- upon the lull, liehind uhere it has ,i head of JlT, feel 
 ab..\e the city. The- Water (.'ompanN-, ..f which Mr. I-'. T. llrinkley is superintendent, is actively 
 
 Pii'p DppurIn](>i?L "''' ^ '•- 
 
 lant. the l-'rien.lship ami tlie Junior Ilo.r C-onipanies have 
 ibership of 130 "laddies." Ilu-y are well eipiippcl and when 
 lare interval-, they have been called upon to respond to the- alarm of fire they have .shou 
 themselves true fn-enu-n. and lia\ e done most effecti\e work. Tin- tirst named couipaii)- 
 
 24 
 
>U-anRr which is cle-antiy h.,usc 
 
 also man tht- hook and 
 
 lIIUI12ip'r I'ioP '^^ ni-ht. the strani^LT, pririnL; fnmi tlic cu' wiiulow to i',ain a first t^limpse 
 
 of the youn- cit>-. will l.c iniprcssc-.l with tlu- far away sparkle ..f numerous 
 
 electric arc li-lils. The Cas (/..mpan)- has recentl)' lieiu m.'r-ed witli tlu- Water Company, 
 
 uul its plant is hein- extended to meet the L;reatl\- increased demand upon the ;,appl\- of 
 
 Sln>l'l K' il\\" V '' '^ "■'''' <li''l tl"-' cimpany (.peratin-- this interest will own. by the end 
 .if the current \-ear, lwent_\- miles ,,f track, (.'.ipital. S :;. jd.cxx). Tlie serx'icc 
 is of the sleam-dununy class, and frccpient trains run to \"int'>n. two nuks to the eastward, 
 pas.^in-- the -leat :^roup of machine works en route, .ind riinnin-' ntMrl\- parallel with the 
 \(Mlolk ,ind Western Railro.ul. It is now proposed to extend the western secti..u, which now 
 runs ,.ut a mile or more thiou-h ■■ Melrose " on to Salem, the nearest town, at a distance of abcuit 
 
 borders, it uill be >een that ere Ion- all this intermediate sjmcc will be peopled with a live- 
 industrial suburb. A mule line is Mp^nited fn.m the Union Depot out toward the -West End." 
 
r^.^fi^^AmM^j^_' %^^^_ 
 
 TIEW NORTH WEST AND NORTB FROM ' 
 
the lolIi)uinL( instaiUH-< of the increase of real 
 estate \alues \\vxv \\ithin a lew _\-rars. ■•MiUmns ,,f niMiie)- li.ne heen ma.K- in pr..!)erty liere in the 
 last feu- years, and will enntiinie to be nia.le. To -ive -,.,nie idea ..f the hi;^ advance in ])ricc, 
 a few figures are -iveii bel^w as f.^Ilows; A business Int which in iSSj sold fnr S500 was sold 
 recently- for $15,000. ( )thers which sold in iSSj fur S400 tn $750 are now worth S4.000 to 
 87,300. Residence lots which in' Sj and 'S3 sold for^i^o and $250 are now worth Srcxj and Sl.ooo. 
 
 •■<Jriyin.1l price of lots on Jefferson Street in iSSj $350, S400 and S430; .s.inie lots to-day 
 are worth from $5,000 to $.\).ooo each. < 'n C'anipbell .Street lots were from $^50 to $500: .same 
 worth to-d.i\- from $ri.oc)0 to $15,000. These ,ire business properties. Lots for dwellin-s in 
 '.S2 mm\ "S^ on Jefferson Street sold from $^50 to $400: to-d.ay the_\- are worth from $1.5^x3 to 
 $4.50(1. Lewis' .uhlition in 'S3 and 'S4 sold from $150 to $300: lots to-day bring from $r,oo to 
 $15,0.10 e.ich, and prices .ste.ui;i\- .idv.mcinL;. Lots around Hotel Ko.moke in ',S2 and 'S3 worth 
 from $J5o to $500, now bring from $1.00.) to $4,000. K.iilro.id Avenue, oppo.site passenger 
 depot, -old in 'Sj ami "S^ from $Joo to $350: same to-d,iy .ue worth from $_\ooo to $6,000 each." 
 
 it is proper to cdl ,ittenti<in, in reflecting upon the foreg<.ing evidence of progressive 
 
 a •'boom," in the sense th.il its prices were forced b>- rose-colored statements of agents \\\^ into 
 
the skies. The railn.ad companies recoo-nized the fact that this wa-, a hi-hly favorable nlace for 
 a cit\-, bought most of the surroundiiiL; land, then built such extinsixe structures as to prove 
 be\-onu a doubt their faith in the destinies of the [ilace. When this had all been done, the 
 lands the)- held were j^raduall}- anil at moderate hL^ures s..ld to the real est.ite dealers and t" 
 many persons who still hnkl them. The dealers also secured lar-e adjacent tracts of f.irm and 
 -tuie 1 mds ill of which was s.ion sur\e\ed into hiuldin- l-.ts. 
 I ah i.uichiser has in turn sold when it .ippe.ned u..rth nhile 
 ive been almost .■xactly i;-au-e.l by 
 Thus f.ir, .It least, .ill ^^hn have 
 (1 lit in 1 m U have gained by the ..per.itiou, although X'ears ago 
 tlicii wcic th ise who were loud in their predictions of a decline. 
 \s It St mds the outlook for profitable re.il estate transactions 
 
 A 1 icn puicniser iias in luru : 
 
 ... '1 th nituiil _,r iwth of the cit\ 
 
 * h.is done as much good 
 
 \SAJIT B ILDrSG 
 
 w irk ind pcihips it might be fairly 
 combmcd mtciests of the city other 
 
 lit e\cn the 
 dcine more 
 
to forward the ;4i>od fortune and prosj.critv- of Roanoke than the Rral Kstatc Excliaiige 
 
 
 men 
 
 are alwa\-s on the aleil to win the -o,,d will and investment of the newly arri\ed inquirer 
 after yood har-ains in lands. 
 
 The president of the organization is Mr. J-. T. lirinkl.'v. an.l its secretary, Mr. O. 1 ). Riee. 
 Its rules are strict, and its principles are t.. promote li.aior.dile de.dni;^', honest representation, 
 _L;,,od faith and promptitude in all trans.ictions. It is manifest th.it investors consult their own 
 best interests in learnin- if the .i-ents with whom they h.i\ e dealini;s are members of this 
 
 to submit their dealin-s to tin- criticism of their associates and the public. 
 
 n.C ROuP.oko r7 S«»Ulh<>ri' RuilrOud. .\n In.portant f..ctor in the further extension 
 
 of v.ilues ,uid the -n.wth of Roanoke's busi- 
 ness, which will s,„,n m.d^e itself felt, is the completion of the Roanoke and Southern Railroad, 
 to the bonds ..f which, .is elsewhere st.ited, the cit)- h.is subscribed the sum of Sjo(),ooo. Tiie 
 otTicers of this comp.mv- .ire 11. .^. Trout, president; .s. W. Jamison, ticisurer : !■", 11. 1-ries. -eneral 
 m.m.iL^er, .ind I'l. W. .\bislin. L;eiicr<il superintendent. 'These 1,'entlemen are residents of 
 Ro.inoke. where the he.idqu.irters of the cori)or,ition are located. 
 
The line, wlicn finishctl, will extend 125 miles. It is being pushed northward from Winston, 
 N. C, its southern terminal. It will sodu be open as far Martinsville, Henry Co., \'.i. The line 
 after leaving Winston, which is almci>t directly west of Greensboro. X. C cros-es the Cape Fear 
 and Yadkin \'alley Railroad at Walnut Cove. Through North Carolina the line traverses a 
 fine agricultural section, where great quantities of cotton and tobacco are grown. Thnnigh 
 Henr\- aiul I'ranklin Counties it penetrates a region where numerous rich beds of magnetic iron 
 ore have been located, and it also traverses a great deal of land heavil}- timbered, including 
 oak, poplar aiul walnut. 
 
 TIio Ko^nokp MucKinp Vorks- -^" '''""''''■ '" ^'''"'' "^ ^'"^ -''^'^ '"'"^'"^'' '"''^"^'■^' 
 
 of the cit\', recentl\- printed in a speci.d i-^sue of 
 the Roanoke Z^<?/7r 7Vw,-.v, describes this concern in the following practical >t>-le : 
 
 "The Roanoke Machine Works is the nucleus from which, in 18.S3, the cit\- started. It is a 
 Isig concern, and its shops and yards coxer sex'er.il acres of ground, and gi\e emiiloN'meiit to i,Joo 
 men. The site is triangular in form and lies between the tr.icks of the Norfolk ami Western 
 and Shenandoah Valley Railroads, a few blocks east of the Union Depot. It is reache.' from the 
 main part of the town by a high bridge extending over the .Shenandoah \'alley Railroatl yard 
 covered with hundreds of freight cars stretching from east to west. 
 
••Tin- w.uk^ cinhiacc .six hi- l.rick huiUlin-s l.rM.Ks ,i niiiuh.r ..I" small offices and out- 
 houses. Mventhin- about llu; works is conductcl on tin- strictest business i.rinci].ies. A nud- 
 dle-a-ed man, with iron -ray whiskers, and weann- a blue suit of clotlies, is stationed in a small 
 box-like room at the entrance to the _\ard. It is his business anion- other thin-s to furnisii 
 
 left two or three ne-ro men in blue blouses ,ire unloadin- coal from cars stationed on 
 trestle work, a few feet aboN e. Helow .ue luo hu-e piles ,,f co.,1 and Coke, respectively, 
 which furnish the fuel for the immense blacksmith shop which lies just ahead. This buildin- 
 is ;50 feet in len-th an.l ;j feet wide. It is dexoted exdusiM-ly to smith Work, ant! emi-loys 
 about I 50 hands. 
 
 entrance door is intensely strikin-. Jets of tlame shoot up from a Ion- line of several scores ,,f 
 for-es. sparks are llx in- eve n'w here, and the -eneral clan-in- and ban-in- of hammers beatin- 
 
 truck runs throu-h the buildin- from end to end, .and on either side ,ire stationed the f.)r-es. 
 There is m. i.llin-, and it takes consider.dile alertnes-, to keep out of the w,,y of the hurr>-in- 
 trucks and workmen be.irin- rods ..f he.ited iron. Ihe p,,rt of the smith shops which .attract 
 
an.l arc iisc.l f..r tli<- licaxy wmk and that in.t raMl\- dmic by hand. Onr <.f the hammers weighs 
 fiHir tons, and can llattcn <iut a piece of iron ahiK.st as easily as a rollini; i)in can a liim[) of 
 dnu-h. In the hlack-Miiitli shops all the malleable iron uhich -oes into the construction of 
 l..comotives and frci-ht and passen-er coaches is handled, an.l nearly In.uoo tons of bar iron 
 are used in a year. The iron is purchased from the K.^anoke Kollin- Mill, located <,n 
 adjoiniiiL; L^round. 
 
 "The next buildin-, the machine sh<ips proper, is where work is done in iron \ery nuicli 
 like that done b\- carpenters in \vo,„l. (irooxes are neatly cut in ir.ni i)ars, and the met.d is 
 planed .md p,.lished to the lii-hest finish. .\ .piiet hum pervades this buildin- Everytliin- about 
 
 he shop has a neat an,l orderly ai.pearance. .\ lui-e double en-ine furnishes tl 
 
 /hich 
 
 moves all the machinery .nid a lar-e trax'elin- crane which runs down the center of the buikliiiL;. 
 The l.itter. thoui^h easily openited by .i fourteen-_vear-olddjo_\-. has ,i carryint,' capacit\- of ten tons. 
 At present there is such a gre.it pressure of work on hand that two forces of men are kept 
 emijloyed there ni-ht and day. As many as 2y> men are eniph.yed in all. All of the workmen 
 in the r.Muii .u'e dresse.l in blue blouses. About .ill of the work is done by the piece, and some of 
 the skilled machinists make as hi-h as $135 per month. The machine shop is 3S1 feet Ion- an.l 
 72 feet wide. I'.etween the machine shop and the eULjine erecting sh.ip is ;i small apartment shut 
 
a:i<l IsH'pt ill nnlri. Wlun a wukinan wislu-s a t....l lie -..o to tlu: wimLnv in tiu- ir.ui -ratiiiL;, 
 an,! a.ivanc-s the nioiKv r-iu.il tn llu- value ol' whatever he .loire.. lie is -iveii a eheLk. and 
 when he 1. thrnii;.;!) witli ihe tool he ^ets hi. niniiev hack .Mi the return ..f the Innner. 
 
 ••The eii-ine eiectiii- ail.l hniler shnp is where the 1. .c ml. U ives are e. .list ructc.l aiul the 
 ]iieee. ..f ir..|i that f.iriil the l..,ilers are ri\e-teil to-ether. it is 51S feel Lui- and 64 feet wide, 
 rpi.ii the se\eral tracks rimiiin- thnui-h it liie.nn. iti\-i:s ari' se.-ii in \ari.>us staL,^, ...f onstrnetion. 
 Here are all the wheels -listeiiin- with black i.aint f..r a new 1. .c..ni..tive and there are tw., ..Id 
 .n-iiu-s heiiiL; repaired. in the ..ther eiul ..f the huildin- a d..zen or so men are claiikin- away 
 up..n boilers. 
 
 re.st. iip..n the upper walU. It est a sin, ill sized f..rtnne. and can lift an entire l..coni..tive fn.in 
 
 and is easily ..peaale.l by a sin:^!.- man, wh.. sits in ,m in.ii i).i.x ,in.l tr.ivels up ,iiid .l..wn tile buildin.y 
 with it. .\b..ut S.I ..r loo men ,ue eiiipL.yed in the buildin-. 
 
 ••riu f..uiidry shop is .ui extensive dep,irtnient in which ,ib..nl Joo m.ii are emp|..yi-d. 
 I'lvi'dit ,111.1 p.isseii.L;er cu'. ,ire built in a l.ir-e structure -.mewh.U reni..v.-.l fn.m tlie ..ihers. 
 •rilere is ais.. .1 l,ii-e pi, mill- mill, ..iTics recently eili,irL;e.l ,111. 1 M..r.ii;.- r<...ms. 'Ihis is 7- 
 
 34 
 
linwcvcr, and an addition of i'<u feet is t.. I.r made. The hiacl.siuitii simp is als<, to 1, 
 eliiap^ed 50 feet in length. 
 
 "Instead ..f turniiiL;- out oidy tu.. L.c. .m. .li\ .-, per luonth, as in the past, it is inteiide. 
 t.i increase the capaeitx' tu Inur per ni. .nth. In addition t<i lurnisliin- all the e<irs f,>r the Xurlul 
 and Western, tile unrks have limit ears inr the Penns\lvania Kaihoa.l, the Cape j-ear ,md Wi.lLi 
 X'alley, the New York, Lake haie and Western, the New N'.ak, Xeu ll.n.en ,md ll.irttnrd, th 
 L.aiis\ille and Nashville, and the Central Kailro.ul of (ieor-ia. 
 
 •• Some idea of the size of the industry eaii lie obtained hy its p.iy-roll, which was ij^ri.odo f, 
 the month of Januar>-. Idle work .if the machim- shops is increasin- all the time, and keepiu- full 
 up with the gr.iwth of Roanoke and Southwest \'ir-inia ni other ilirections. M.ikin- the usu. 
 estimate of hve to one its l,„-o(i workmen alone ,ire sulTicieilt to make a l.iwn of (,,(i>.i 
 people. Duriny I .SS. , the followin- ([uantities of material were usc.l in the shops: 11., r iroi 
 ;,,43<'i tons; pig iron, 5,030 tons: mke, 3,4.); tons: co.d, 11,103 f""--: Innilnr, all kinds, roun 
 numbers, (1,000,000 feet." C.ipital, $5,000,000. 
 
 TIlP ROcvnoko K()IIip/> Mill, th- concern l. not a year ..M ye,. 
 ^ ^ ^ * last ve.n-. It is .1 lead colored si 
 
 
Citv furnaces ami Pi 
 
 r ,i;j.lU c.f tin- Sluiiaiulnah \-allcy Railn.a,! tracks and makes all 
 
 ,i..kr machine sIk.]... All cf the j)!- in.n c.nu-s fnnn tlu- Cro/.cr 
 
 ic fnst ImiUlin- incliulcs c-i-lit doulilc furnaces at j.resent. F.-ur 
 
 ■ are to he- aikled shortl)-. Int.. these furnaces the pi-- in.n is iiep..sitei! ami boiled until 
 
 .f all its sla- and cinder. 'J'he men who preside over the tiery ki'ttles are what is known 
 
 a- -puddlers." A little ovc-r a thousand 
 
 a.nd the hoilin- i>roce-,s reipiires about 
 an hour. The temperature of the furnace 
 is intensely hot. and the puddliM-s, wear- 
 in- red fl.mnel shirts .in<l stri])i)ed to the 
 waist. w,,rk the molten mass backward and 
 K.A.v.K,: ,!,n,uN.; M,,.,,, forward by means of an in.n bar. It 
 
 takes a -ood deal of c-xperience to tell when the iron has been boiled just eiiou-h. and the 
 puddlers earn fn.m $;,.;.. t<i S4-Ou per day. The majority of those employed in the null 
 come from Cumberland, I\ld. The iron comes out of the boilers in a siioul;)-. -lobular mass, and 
 is fnst run ihrou-h the " sipu'czer " to dixe-t it of all its cinder>. It is then wei-hed and run 
 thro\U',h .1 second heatin-. comin- out fm.dly as •• merchant l)ar." Cijiital. $yo,000. 
 
 ^6 
 
TIiP JlmpriccvR l^ridvp ^ Iron fo. ■'''"■ ■^'-■--^ '^-'^'- ^^■'"'-' '"-"•'' j-^ --' 
 
 ..f Ihc Rnllin- Mill, is aiinthrr l.i- ii-.m iiulustry. 
 Its main l)uildin,- is ,i lar,L;c yellow structure 2lo feet Iniioand ;j feet w itle. Tile C( Hnii.ui\- has 
 I. Illy been < .rL,^uiized since March, ISS.), and work was first beLjun in June ,if s.inie \e,u-. Its 
 ..ftlcers are C. C. Wentwnrth, ni.ina-er; J. L. Hunter, superintendent, with .S.iniuel Walton as 
 
 I 1 "»^- "f tl'L' pn'nciiMl proprietors. 
 
 I In the last ei-ht months it lias done 
 
 a business of about Sr 25,000. It makes 
 11 kinds of iron used in the construction 
 f r,uh-o,i<l brid;^es, .in.l some of its girders 
 
 MIS. It ,ilso makes all kinds of boilers, 
 t -ives emplo\nient to nearly 250 men, 
 nd the pay roll f.ir the last month amount- 
 ■^ " ' '" ed to $;,000. Its Inisiness h.is increased 
 
 wonderfully since it be-an operati.ms, and sever.il .ulditious have been made to the shojts. A 
 
 In this .all the he.ivv castint' for furnaces is done. The foundation h.is also been l.iid for the 
 
 f^^^^i&r I 
 
.Tcctinn ..I a sniiil, .m.l li.iiiinu r :,h<ii., uhicli will he Uki liy 75 fr>t in sizr al llrsl aii.l attcvwanls 
 hr rxUn.Unl tc, Jiu Uct m Icii-th. .Machine ^lin,,s will als,, l,c aa>lr.l. an.l ncarl>- Iwuc as many 
 nu-n iniiiloyrd. Dinin- the ])ivs.;nt xcar the c.>nipan\- cxprct l.i ihi S,:;(-)0.c>oo wcirlli ..f lnHincss. 
 Ncarh- all uf ihcir work at procnt is (.amlinrd to luiiUlinL; hiiih^es fcr tlic ..Ntrnsinns (if 
 tl)c Ni.rfolk and Western Railmad ami Ixulcrs for varinu- lurnaos and otlicr indu-t rics in Suiilli 
 west \'ii-inia. Tiny havt' an order Inr ^^-5,000 from the Salem furnaee alone, d he v\orks are 
 proxided with the best aval most imijroved maehiiier>-. and the -reat part of tlu- men employed 
 are skilled l)ri(l-e eonstructor> and l.oiler makers. .Ml of the ereetm- is done l.y air pressure, 
 .md all of the woik is of a heavv, ponderous elraraeter. 
 
 Ihe .shop 
 
 pauei 
 
 WJl 
 
 d se 
 
 ide.i of the iieavy nature of the work ilone ma\- he ..htalne.l from the si/e of one of the hrid-es 
 for the Norfolk and Western ro.uk in which lirid-e five of the girders wei-li twenty tons. All of 
 the pl.ite iron use.l l.y the works is purchased from Pennsylvania, prmcip.dly I'ottstown. 
 
 Suue writui" the .d)o\e. steiis h.i\ e been taken for the establishment of a pl.ite rollin- mill. 
 
 riic Cr()/.(>i' Furp.u((>s 
 
 .,re situated east ol the city on the line of the Norfolk .md 
 Western road, and side tr.icks brin- the ore up to the very fires 
 of the furnace, .\bout J;(. men ,ire <'m.ployed. The officers of tile comp.my .ire .S.miuel A. 
 

 fW 
 
 'II 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ZJ» 
 
Crn/rr. prrsick'iit. I'l.lan.l. iVmi.; W . II. Rnhins.m. ■ 
 secrrt.iry. Cholcv. IVnn. Tin- nutpiit of the fi 
 which i. \ahiol .It li.ilf .1 niilHnn ih. liars. 
 
 Irlphi.i; l-r.iiKis ]■. Wcstc.n, 
 it .(I'.ouo tons \>cv annum, 
 
 J\ N(>v Furircv((>. 
 
 ]W the JK-^innin;^ of tlu- sunmu-r Ro.mokr uijl have anotlu-r furnaci-. 
 
 that of the Roanoke Iron CoiniMnx. Il will l.e l.n-e in si/e. l.einL; 
 17.XSJ, ami will h,i\e ,in outpnt of ly, tons of |,i-ir,m ])er il,i>-. It will :^ive eiui)lo>-nunt to two 
 (.1- three hnn, he, 1 nun. .in, 1 is -itii.ite.l in the West I-.ncl,..n the left li.mk of the Roam.ke River. 
 It li.is ,111 authorl/ed e.ipital of Sjoo.ooo, and the -reater p.irt of its stock is held l,y 
 luime pc.ple. 
 
 Joseph II. S, 111, Is. -eiier.i! in.ma-er ,,f the N'.irfolk .iiul Western R.uln.a.l. is presi,lent : 
 Olin Ikall is secret, uy, an. I Henry Kin;.; is -ener.il ni.m.i-er. Tlu direct, .rs ,ire WiUi.un lUirx . 
 of Sh,iin,.kin, iVnnsylv.mi.i: J. Allen W.itts, S. Ik Il.uipt, J.iiues .S. .Emmons, C. O'I.e.iry, J. II. 
 .S.nuU ,uul Henry Kin-. 
 
 Work ,.n the fnrn.ice i. keiiv.; juished forw.inl .is r.ipidly .is p,,ssil,le, .md it is tluui-ht 
 tint it will he completed l.\- June. The cast lu.iise ,md the st,>ck house h.ive .ilre.idy keen 
 erected, .in,l w,>rk on the st.uk ..nd stoves is well und.r w.iy. The fiirn.ice h.is an .ulmir.ible 
 l,,c,iti,Mi f,.r its knsiness ,hid will l.e a v.du.ihk- a,l,lili,.n to R,,.in,,ke. 
 
 40 
 
tn revolve it has done an ininieiise business .m.l at this time is ,,ne ..f the in.l itutions nf th<- t..wn. 
 The company is incorporated, and ever\- \-ear tliey pay out in \vaL;rs and oth.r cxp.iisis over 
 §40,000, which is spent ri-lit here in Roanoke. Tlieir mill i. .i fine brick structure, supplie.l with 
 the most complete and improved m.ichinery. The daily output i. K.o b.irrels of Hour ,ind 300 
 bushels of meal, which finds a ready sale in the country about Ro.nioke. M r. 1'.. .S. Hatcher, 
 of Franklin County, pnM.lent; Mr. I!. A. Jones, superintendent and tre.isurc-r. Capital, $_' 5, 000. 
 A new mil! has just begun oper.iti..ns which has a cap.icit\- of 2, ,0 b.irrels a d.i\-. It 
 is furnished with tile most improved m.uhiner_\-. .md its owners are pr.iclic.il ,111. 1 experienced men 
 who are bound to make .1 success of the enterprise. Mr. J. M. (l.nnbill is the i.resident of t h< 
 compan\-, and this of itself is ,i yu.UMUtee of success. 
 
 TIiP P. L. TpriT Milling fo. ''"^ " ^''""^ ^^•''"•'' '^ "'■'■'^^■'' ■''"'^'^ '"" ■""' " ''■''' 
 
 ^ rnil.-s from the cit)', .md is run by w..l. r pow.r 
 
 furnished b>- the Ro.moke River. Th. \ have als,, ;i lar-e wareln.use in th.- cit>-. from which 
 the)- ship p.itent roller llom', bolted me.il .md mill feed. The caii.icity of the nnll is ,ibout 125 
 i),\rrels, and it is runnini; constantly. C.qjit.d, $2^,l)0<j. 
 
 41 
 
Tho BrowiM-v. "- ^- 
 
 ■wiiiLr ( 
 
 lure in 1). 
 
 vj, 
 
 lal stock of S-5".'»o. (lividrd into shares of §100 each. Thi; 
 
 'resident, Herman Crueger: >ecretar\-, Charles I". Mandier: 
 treasurer. \V. i'. Pent, ; cHrectors, lierni.m 
 Crueller, Col. iliom.is Lewis, J.inies R. 
 Schick, Joseph \V. Coxe .,nd W.dter I'. 
 Huff. The Ijreweryof the conipany. which 
 is sitn.ited on Norfolk .\vi-)uie, in the 
 I'.,ist ICnd, covers about two .icres of 
 -rouiuk A l.ir-e force of workmen are 
 
 m.ichinery and huildin-s, under the super- 
 vision of Mr. Louis Sh,,l/, m.in.i-er of 
 the comp.ui), uho i. thoron-hly .icquaint- 
 ed uitli the mode of ni.ikiiiL; malt li.pu.rs 
 of all kinds. The companx- has ,)rdered 
 from the ko.moke M.ulnne W,.rks two cxtr.i l.ir-e rcfri-er.itinL; cirs, .md .1 number of immense 
 ir.ai t.mks Inau the .Amerkan Iron ,m,l I'.rid-e Works, dhey have .also ordered .i t lurty-tive4on 
 
 
 
 1: 
 
 if 
 
 J 
 
 
 . 
 
 i^; 
 
 n _^_ 
 
 -V.-';''' 
 
 
 
conihincd icc-plant of an impidX'cd 
 nattcrn. ca[)ablc ui niakiiv^ 10,000 
 pounds r,f ice per <1 n iiid ian\'Lr 
 atinL,"- 170,000 cubiL fctt 1 Hl i^om f 
 pany intends to Licet i l iojki i^-c m ' 
 order that their e isks uid biiiel 
 can be m.ade at the biewi i\ 
 
 Mdkin<J Icp in 5umii!(>r. 
 
 by /III- Diamond /< < Com- V" 
 
 piviy. The manutietuie of ^' \ _ jjT Br\ 
 
 ice to the a\-era"e eiti/en is 5 
 
 Ko.moke is a hu[,^e ficton 
 the Di.nnond Ice Lompanj. 
 
TIk- <,rcntlcincii comprising; this conipatiy are well-known, and Air. I.ee Simmons, the general 
 mana-er, ha- h.iil a L;re,it deal ..f exi)erience in the business. There .ire three ni,iehine.s in the 
 f.ietury .m Center .Street, e.uh havin- a d.iily caineity of ten tons. When they are all ,it work 
 the output is thirty tons dail)'. Nearly $55,000 capital is in\-e.ste.l in the plant, and the manu- 
 f.icturers handle tlu ir own ic>-, ret.iilini: it about the city. The method pursue.l in produciuL; 
 artifici.d cold .xml ice is ipiile inttrestin-. The refrit^er.itin.L; or heat-absorhini; .i-ent is now 
 ■ dniost in\,ni,il>]\- .immoni.i. If not .dre.idy ,1 j^.is at the ordinar\- pressure and temi>erature of 
 the atmosphere, it is ch.m-ed to .1 o.is 1)\- prepar.itor_\' process, and then put throu^^h the o]R-r,itions 
 of compression. Compression is accomplished b>- comjiressino the l;,is in a pump to ,1 pressure 
 v,n-_\inL; from 125 to Jun |)oun.ls to tin- sipuue inch, dependin- on the temper.iture of the 
 condensin- v.its used. DuriuL; the- process of compressin-" he.it is de\ eloped in prop..rti.in to 
 ihe amount of pressure exerted ujion the -,is, or, c.\press,d popul.irlw he, it is s.piee/ed out 
 of the l;,is. h'or the purpose of m.mufact iirin- ice this t4.is is then circul.Ued, b\- me.ms of coils, 
 
 re-exp.mds ,md extr.icls from the pipes and the subst.mces surroundiivj; them ,in amount of 
 heat ex.ictly ecpuil to th.it -iven up by it durin- condensation. The temper.iture of the brine is 
 thus reduced .ilmo.st to zero. Cans of distilled ..r filtered w.itc-r ,ire then submer-cil in the brine 
 which ils.lf is kept from free/in- by the presence of the s.dt. ,in<l thus the ice is produced~a 
 
ven- simple process, iiuleed. after it is untlerstood. The ammonia after ahsorltiiiL; its quota ol 
 heat, a-aiii becomes liquid, an. 1 is capable of performing the same s.-rvice indefinitely. 
 
 Ilvclruulir Engine Company. ^^'^^'^ ">'^''--''=^ ^"^'■"' ^■"■'^i'^">-' "^ ^'"^ ^'^>-' '"""- 
 
 ^ ' factures and sells its hydraulic en-ine, or ram, for 
 
 supplyin- water to small towns, f.ictories, steam mills, dairies, stock-yards, etc. M. A. Rife is 
 president; B. L. (""ireider is secretar\-. Its capit.d stock is §50,000. 
 
 TKp Old Dominion PIiono^RvpIi fo. '^ ^'"'"^^ ^^ ^'""' '"'"'""^ "'^" ^'"""'^' ""' 
 
 other points in the region, their instruments 
 being in great demanti. 
 
 TKp hiYOYj Servicp "^ ^'^^ '"y =^ '^'•^^-'^'•'^^' ^' "^""'"■'' "^ "•^•' ^'i^;'''!^^;' ^"^^'I^^^ 'j'^]^ 
 
 hired when wanted. Rxcellent s.uldle horses are plentiful, this f,.rm of exercise being 
 especially popular. 
 
 FiYP Millions IX YPc^F. ^-"•1>' «^5.000.0C« a year are p.ud out m wages m Roanoke by 
 the impurt.mt enteri)rises, stor<- keepers, hotels .ind otiler 
 
inti'ixsts (loin- l)iisincss licrc and in tin- vicinity. TIil- Norfolk .in.i Western Railroad head 
 the list with nearly S^^-OOO.OOO to their various employees. The Machine \V..rks pai.l out a half 
 million dollars, in round numbers, durin- iSS.j. These two make up onedialf the amount alone. 
 Then there is the Shenandoah Willey rn.ul which als,, pays out S^.xi.ooo in twelve nuuiths. 
 The Crozer Steel and iron Compau)-. the American Hrid-e W,.rks, the Rolhu- Mill and other 
 leadin- industries make up the l.alance. A lar,t;e part ..f the money, ne.nl,v all in f.ict, is spent 
 in Ro.moke, an.l tlu- new nulustries that are constantly bein- st.irt.'d here m.ike the .imount 
 
 Roaimkc Biuck Muri)i(' Co. ^';';;^;;;"":;;;; "";/';^;; '^;;"'7'! 7.'.'';';"l';i';| ;;| 
 
 i',otet..urt fount\-. \-,i.. on the Shen.mdo.ih Wdley k.iiln,,L,l, K. uules north ..f k,,,,noke City. 
 The Mflicer-, .ire: President, Ik 1.. (irei.ler; vice-president. R. S. I'm. swell: lie.tsurc-r, Wm. V. 
 Winch: secret. iry. 11. 11. Creider. The report ,.f tw.. m.irble men o.ne fnun New N'ork. the 
 Mtlur fr.mi M.nvl.nid. IuIIn- deiiioiist r.iles th.it this stone is su|.erior to the lul-ium: th.u it is 
 stron.nr: th.it it is susceptible of ,i hi-lur polish, ,iud th.il it will t.iki- the che.iper ..r .icid 
 finish. Tlu- m.irble is of .i line even .|ii.ilit\-, \ cry e:isily w.rked ,il .pi'"|-.v, .md free fn .m uhitc 
 se.ims, spots or tliws. The m.irbh- .aitcrops for ne.irly .i .punier of .i mile, ,iud from tlu 
 
manner ni which :t stands in iniari}', Ijciiil; pcrpcmliciilar, it is incxhaust iIjIl. Ihr iMni[ian)' 
 is working; <i laryc forcr in drxclDpinL; the |>n jjx-it}-, and will snon be in position to place 
 their niaihle on the market. The main office is in Roanoke, V.i. 
 
 TIiP Commprricvl CI"!^- ''"'"'" '' '"^ ''"-" "' '''': """ "' '''" i'"''''-'^'-; ^^'-i- 
 
 memliers all leaclin- citizen- — nKiy properl_\- entertain -entlenien from other points scckinL; 
 inform, ition as to the .Klvantayes Ro.moke offers to iiuestors. 
 
 Mr. Hinton Helper, the able Sonthern journ.ilist, who now represents Ro.mokr ,it the 
 centers of Northern in.histry, h.is been acti\el\- eii-.i^ed with the co-oper.ition of se\'er.il 
 citizens in perfectin- <letails for the formation of the club. 
 
 The Iculin- object of the club will be ,, sxstem.itic effort to make Ro.un.ke still 
 more widely known to the world .it lar-e. 
 
 The ch.irter members are: ]'. L. Terry, Joseph II. .S.m.K, R. II. W,„„l,iim, Jas. S. 
 .Simm..ns, H. S. Tnait, K. H. .Stewait, llmton Helper, J. M. Cmibill and Dr. Joseph II. G.de. 
 
 All)- inform. ition rey.irdin-' Ro.iiioke, or cojjies of this book, m.iy be iL)t. lined b\- 
 applying or writing to the secretary of the Commercial Club of Ro.moke. 
 
5(»n?.<' ol lli<* ()IIi(>r (^()inpcvniP5 LoccvIpcI II(>r(>. 
 
 IS Urns. & Payne Briik Co., 
 : Land and linprovcnu-nt C'l 
 ii an Hriil[;>- and Machine O 
 
 lan and Building As; 
 Manufacturing C..., 
 
 ■liu.ldingand Loan Asso> 
 ■ BiuKlini; and Conveyance 
 
 I'.irk Land Co., - ' - 
 •idc Land Co.. - - 
 
 ivM.inMkc Land and Improvement Co., 
 k. in kr Lecture Bureau, 
 RM,iii"kc .Manufacturing Co., 
 K,..,nokc Opera House 'Co., - 
 Roanoke Spike Factory, - 
 Roanoke Transfer Co., - 
 South Roanoke Land Co., 
 
 ¥)>.■ ■l'rn«'p'n:.l "iSniliiinT Awocilulo! 
 
(^^^^ — The Author desires to gratefully acknowl- 
 edge the courtesy of the Publishers of the 
 Roanoke Daily Times, from the coluvius of which 
 much of the information herein has been, with their 
 consent, transferred to these pages. 
 
 Many of the illustrations used are taken by author- 
 'ity of the Norfolk and Western Railroad Company, 
 from their new " Reference Book." 
 
T^^qtyof 
 
 IRGINIv^ 
 
 Containing an outline of its 
 ^^Iemvironmentresources.develdpement 
 
 PROSPECTS AND SUBSTANTIAL 
 gk'NDUCEMENTS Tq4:APITALIN TME YEAR 
 
 ^^.i=:^,t^-= 
 
 16^0.