Gass. 
 Book 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
DETROIT 
 
 ASTAND PRESENT 
 
 OR 
 
 1870 vs. 1890 
 
 COMPILED AND PUbulaHhU f-uH I Hb 
 
 RESTON NATIONAL BANK. 
 
R. W. GILLETT. F. «, HAYES. J^ P. RILMORE. 
 
 Pivskleut. Vii-e-Pi-esident. Cashier. 
 
 C|e Insfcn Rational ^ani 
 
 DETROIT. MICH. 
 
 CAPITAL, 31,000.000, 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 R. W. GILLETT. f. W. HAYES. C. A. BLACK. 
 
 W. H. ELLIOTT. JA3IES E. DAVIS. JAMES D. STAXDISH. 
 
 H. S. PIXGREE. A. E. F. WHITE. 
 
 W. D. PRESTOX. Chicago. w. R. BURT. East Saginaw. 
 
 JOHX CAXFIELD. Manistee 
 
 /- 
 
DETROIT 
 
 18 
 
 COMPARED WITH 
 
 870 
 
 / 
 
 SILAS FARMER) 
 
 City Historiographer. 
 
 Author of •History of Detroit and Michigan." "The Royal Rail Road, 
 "The Teacher's Tool CheHt," etc., etc. 
 
 COMPILED AND PUBLISHED 
 EXCLUSIVELY FOR THE 
 
 Preston National Bank 
 

 1 
 
 Copyright, 1890, 
 By SILAS FARMER. 
 
TABLE OF C(3NTENTS, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Chapter 1 Prelude, 5 
 
 2 Growth of Population, Area and Su- 
 
 burbs, 8 
 
 3 City Government, Wards, Elections, 
 
 City and County Officers. 11 
 
 4 City Valuation, City Debt, City and 
 
 County Taxes, 18 
 
 5 Parks, Bridge, Boulevard, Streets and 
 
 Street Car Lines, 22 
 
 6 Water Works, Fire Department, Health 
 
 Regulations, Sewers, 27 
 
 7 United States, Circuit, Recorders, Po^ 
 
 lice and Justices Courts, 39 
 
 8 Police, Sheriff, Prosecuting Attorney, 
 
 House of Correction, 42 
 
 9 Public, Private and Parochial Schools^ 
 
 Medical and Business Colleges, 45 
 
 10 Churches, Charitable and Philanthropic 
 
 Institutions, 57 
 
 if Newspapers, Post Office, Telegraphs, 
 
 Telephones and Phonographs, 62 
 
 12 Railroads, Express and Despatch Lines, 61 
 
 13 Athletic, Fishing, Shooting, Boat and 
 
 Yacht Clubs, 66 
 
 14 Secret and Social Societies, Militia Com- 
 
 panies, 69 
 
 15 Art and Musical Societies and Schools, 72 
 
 16 Banks, Banking and Insurance Com- 
 
 panies, 75 
 
 17 Manufacturing and Jobbing Interests, 80 
 
 18 Architectural Gains, Landmarks Lost, 83 
 
THE PRESTON NATIONAL BANK, DETROIT, MICH. 
 
CHAPTEK I. 
 PRELUDE. 
 
 Scarcely twenty decades have passed since the founding 
 of Detroit. During nearly all of these years and up to a 
 very recent period, the prosperity of the city was greatly 
 hindered by the ease-loving and extremely careful spirit 
 of its earliest founders, and their cautious descendants. 
 
 It was this spirit and education that provided the early 
 streets of only twelve or twenty feet in width, and that 
 resisted the extension of the city, through the opening of 
 roads and streets across the narrow farms that on either 
 side hemmed in the town. 
 
 This same spirit in later owners still ''seeks its own," 
 but fortunately it has no longer power to hinder the city's 
 growth and gain. 
 
 In 1805, nearly ten decades of years after the founding 
 of the city, its swaddling bands were loosened by the fire 
 that swept away, not only houses and stores, but streets as 
 well. This most fortunate event, which is happily com- 
 memorated in the emblematic seal of the city, with its 
 mottoes of Besurget Cineribiis, "she rises from the ashes," 
 and Speramus Meliora, " we hope for better times," gave 
 us an entirely new plan for the city, with streets and 
 avenues and a Campus Martins and Grand Circus that 
 will be an honor to the city, and a joy and delight for 
 a thousand years and more. 
 
 The French habitans protested vociferously and vigor- 
 ously against the innovations of the newer plan, declaring 
 that the lots above the present city hall would " never be 
 
6 TRELUDE. 
 
 built upoD, and were only fit for pasturage." Fortunately 
 their protest was of no avail. Twenty years later, in 1826, 
 another great advance was gained, the grounds included 
 in Fort Shelby, with the surrounding military reserve, 
 were then relinquished by the United States to the Corpora- 
 tion. The lands covered nearly twelve blocks in the very 
 center of the city, and the reservation had been a formid- 
 able obstacle to growth and improvement. The Fort 
 proper lay between what is now Fort and Lafayette, Gris- 
 wold and Wayne Streets. 
 
 The grading down of the Fort embankment, the filling 
 in at the same time of the low lands along the river, the 
 opening of numerous new streets, and the platting and ex- 
 posing to sale by the city at nominal prices, of hundreds 
 of the newly acquired lots platted from the old Fort 
 grounds, marked a distinct era in the city's life, and af- 
 forded the largest inducement that had been offered for 
 new citizens. 
 
 During the next decade the population increased over four 
 hundred per cent, the emigration from the Eastern and New 
 England States was unprecedented, and amounted almost 
 to a mania; fleets of steamboats that outnumbered those 
 now arriving, brought thousands of new comers to Detroit 
 and the West, and helped to relieve the town from French 
 control, and during the same period the boundary of the 
 city was pushed outward on both its eastern and western 
 sides. 
 
 During the decades from 1840 to 1860, communication 
 was opened with the interior,through various plank roads, 
 several railroads were pushed clear across the State, and 
 others connected with railroads from the East, giving a 
 great impetus to the city's growth. During this same 
 period the territory included within the city was again 
 doubled by additions on the east and west. 
 
PRELUDE. 7 
 
 The years between 1860 and 1870, covering the period 
 of the war with the South, brought great prosperity to 
 Detroit. Immense amounts of new capital was created and 
 invested in the city, the suburbs were first made accessible 
 through the street railways, the architectural ornamenta- 
 tion of both stores and houses greatly increased, and the 
 manufacturing interests of the city grew apace. 
 
 Meantime nearly all the older holders of the larger 
 farms within the city and without in immediate proximity, 
 passed away, and as the property has been largely sold 
 and divided, the octopus of conservatism that so long held 
 the city in its grasp, has released its hold, and the city 
 has started forward for a larger place in the front rank 
 with leading cities of the continent. 
 
 It is a fact capable of a demonstration, that the West has 
 been so largely explored and examined, and the railroad 
 routes and sites of cities so fully determined, that no other 
 new large city will be located either in the West or East. 
 
 The cities already well established with favorable loca- 
 tions and facilities, will largely gather to themselves the 
 growth of the future, and all such cities will increase in 
 wealth and population much faster than in former years. 
 
 Detroit, with its exceptional opportunities and advan- 
 tages is certain to obtain its full share of the gain resulting 
 from the conditions named, and as a manufacturing and 
 residence city it will inevitably gain a still more advanced 
 position. 
 
 That this result will follow is evidenced by the com- 
 parison of a variety of facts, showing the salient points in 
 the city's history in 1890 as compared with 1870. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 GROWTH OF POPULATION— AREA AND SUBURBS. 
 
 The United States Census of 1870 gave the total popu- 
 lation of Detroit as 79,577. In the same year, the num- 
 ber of families in the city, according to the statistics of 
 the Board of Water Commissioners, was 14,717, or about 
 ^To persons to a family. In 1880 the average was about 
 bj\ persons. The number of families in the city in 
 1889, according to the Board of Water Commissioners, 
 was 40,156, and their statistics have lately shown a gain 
 of about 2,000 families per year. This would give us 
 42,156 families in 1890. Applying the average of 5^ per- 
 sons to a family, would give us a population in 1890 of 
 231,958. Inasmuch as no United States census has been 
 taken this year, there is no more reliable method of esti- 
 mating the population than the one given, and these fig- 
 ures are as near correct as any method except an actual 
 enumeration will give. The area of the city has been 
 greatly enlarged since 1870, and Detroit in 1890 includes 
 fully twice as much territory as it did twenty years ago. 
 
 The land actually included within the city does not, 
 however, fully represent its growth. Large tracts of land 
 on the north, and also on the east and west, locaterl from 
 one to three miles beyond the city line, have been platted 
 into lots and largely built upon, and all outlying prop- 
 erty has increased in value from one hundred to live 
 hundred per cent, since 1870. 
 
 The platting of these tracts adjacent to the city does not 
 represent all there is of this suburban growth. 
 

 \ 
 
 
 cc 
 
10 SUBURBS. 
 
 Tlie villages and centers known as Grosse Pointe, Nor- 
 ris, Highland Park, Delray, Woodraere, Ravenswood and 
 Nallville are all, practically, suburbs of Detroit, and 
 largely settled by people whose business is in the city, — 
 and all of these places have been established, or have had 
 their largest growth, since 1870. 
 
 These suburbs will inevitably increase in number and 
 extent, the electric cars are reaching out in every direc- 
 tion, the attractions of a residence beyond the reach of 
 immediate city taxation, or where larger lots for less 
 money can be secured, and the picturesque suggestions of 
 a residence on the border of the river or Lake Ste. Claire, 
 are being increasingly appreciated. 
 
 Added to these there are other reasons why the more 
 immediate suburbs of Detroit are destined to grow more 
 rapidly. These are the improvement of the drive-ways in 
 various directions, the dredging out of the river Rouge 
 and the railroad facilities being there provided, and the 
 locating of large manufacturing enterprises both there 
 and at the railroad junctions. 
 
 The increasingly appreciated favorable location of the 
 city as a place of summer resort, because of its water com- 
 munications and its exceptional health record, together 
 with its wide reputation as a beautiful residence city, is 
 yearly attracting from the interior of Michigan, and also 
 from the far East, scores of persons who come here to enjoy 
 the wealth they have secured elsewhere. 
 
 Here we have no fear of a flood or of an overflow, we 
 seldom experience the extremes of heat or cold, and a 
 larger proportion of citizens live " under their own vine 
 aud fig trea" than in any other city of the size of Detroit. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT— WARDS— ELECTIONS— CITY 
 AND COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 
 lu the general administration of the city government 
 there is no remarkable difference as between 1870 and 
 1890. 
 
 The most noticeable change is found in the fact that 
 since 1870 the city has been districted entirely anew, so 
 far as wards are concerned, entirely new boundaries being 
 provided for each. 
 
 The present ward boundaries are as follows : 
 
 First Ward— ^as^ by Beaubien; West by Woodward. 
 
 Second Warb— East by Woodward; West by First, 
 Grand River and Second. 
 
 Third WARB--East by Hastings; West by Beaubien. 
 
 Fourth Ward— ^-as^ by First, Grand River and Sec- 
 ond ; West by Crawford, Grand River and Fifth. 
 
 Fifth Ward— ^as^ by Russell; West by Hastings. 
 
 Sixth Ward— ^-as^ by Crawford, Grand River and 
 Fifth; West by Trumbull. 
 
 Seventh WAUT>—East by Dequindre; West by Russell. 
 
 Eighth Ward— E^as^ by Trumbull; West by Wabash 
 and east line of Godfroy Farm. 
 
 Ninth Ward— ^as^ by Chene; West by Dequindre. 
 
 Tenth Ward— ^-^s^ by Wabash and the east line of 
 Godfroy Farm; West by Twentieth and west line of Lor- 
 anger Farm. 
 
12 CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Eleventh Ward — East by McDougall; West by 
 Chene. 
 
 Twelfth Ward — East by Twentieth and west line of 
 Loranger Farm; West by Twenty-fifth and west line of 
 Porter Farm. 
 
 Thirteenth Ward — East by Mt. Elliott; West by 
 McDougall. 
 
 Fourteenth Ward — East by Twenty-fifth and west 
 line of Porter Farm; West by McKinstry and Twenty- 
 ninth, or west line of Private Claim 47. 
 
 Fifteenth Ward — East by City Limits ; West by Mt. 
 Elliott and including Belle Isle. 
 
 Sixteenth Ward — East by Buhl, Twenty-ninth, and 
 west line of Private Claim 47 ; West by City Limits. 
 
 In 1870 we had but ten wards, we now have sixteen. 
 The Board of Aldermen then consisted of twenty and now 
 has thirty-two members. Then the Aldermen received no 
 salary, now they are paid 1600 a year. 
 
 In 1870 the following persons were serving as Alder- 
 men: 
 
 First Ward — A. W. Tyrrell, Wm. Foxen. 
 Second Ward — W. H. Langley, G. W. Balch. 
 Third Ward— C. Melius, Wm. Wilmot. 
 Fourth Ward — Frank Kremer, Thos. Henderson. 
 Fifth Ward— W. H. Coots, A. S. Bagg. 
 Sixth Ward— G. C. Codd, J. D. Allison. 
 Seventh Ward — F. Ruehle, Elijah Smith. 
 Eighth Ward — Tim Mahoney, Dennis Dullea. 
 Ninth Ward — Peter Hill, Geo. Sutherland. 
 Tenth Ward — J. Williams, W. H. Baxter. 
 
 In 1890 the Aldermen are as follows: 
 
 First Ward — George Dingwall, Walter H. Coots. 
 
ELECTIONS. 13 
 
 Second Ward-t— James Vernor, Julius P. Gilmore. 
 
 Third Ward — Geo. F. Reichenbach, Frank N. Reves. 
 
 Fourth Ward — Lou Burt, Stephen A. Griggs. 
 
 Fifth Ward — John Chr. Jacob, Charles P. Karrer. 
 
 Sixth Ward — James Lennane, Cyrus B. Barnes. 
 
 Seventh Ward — Frank J. Bleser, Albert Roth. 
 
 Eighth Ward — Frederick Cronenwett, Murray Wat- 
 son. 
 
 Ninth Ward — Frank Schmidt, Ernest L. Reschke. 
 
 Tenth Ward — Anthony H. Reynolds, Charles A. 
 Buhrer. 
 
 Eleventh W^ard — Henry Boettcher, William Richert. 
 
 Twelfth Ward — Robert H. Murphy, James Brennan. 
 
 Thirteenth Ward — John Kessler, William O'Regan. 
 
 Fourteenth Ward — Neil Grant, William Uthes. 
 
 Fifteenth Ward — Frank Smith, George Scott. 
 
 Sixteenth Ward — Frank Wotzke, Ferdinand Amos. 
 
 elections. 
 
 In 1870 only two of the ten wards were divided into 
 election districts, namely, the fifth and sixth, each of these 
 two wards having two districts. Now each ward has from 
 three to five election districts, and we have sixty-one vot- 
 ing places, instead of twelve, as in 1870. 
 
 The election districts are as follows: 
 
 First Ward: — First District, all that portion north of 
 Brady Street ; Second District, all that portion between 
 Brady Street and Adelaide Street ; Third District, all that 
 portion between Adelaide Street and Adams Avenue ; 
 Fourth District, all that portion south of Adams Avenue 
 and east of Randolph Street ; Fifth District, the portion 
 south of Adams Avenue and west of Randolph Street. 
 
 Second Ward: — First District, the portion north of 
 
14 ELECTION DISTRICTS. 
 
 Bagg Street ; Second District, the portion between Bagg 
 and High Streets ; Third District, the portion between 
 High Street and a line running through Adams Avenue 
 to Grand River Avenue, thence westerly along said ave- 
 nue to the intersection of First Street ; Fourth District, 
 the portion lying between the Third District and Michi- 
 gan Avenue; Fifth District, the portion lying south of 
 Michigan Avenue. 
 
 Third Ward: — First District, the portion lying south 
 of the center line of Fort Street ; Second District, the por- 
 tion lying north of the center line of Fort Street, to Gratiot 
 tiot Avenue; Third District, the portion lying north of 
 the center line of Gratiot Avenue and south of the center 
 line of Wilkins Street; Fourth District, the portion north 
 of Wilkins Street. 
 
 Fourth Ward: — First District, south of the center 
 line of Michigan Avenue ; Second District, between the 
 center lines of Michigan and Grand River Avenues ; Third 
 District, north of the center line of Pitcher Street; Fourth 
 District, between the center line of Pitcher Street and 
 Grand River Avenue. 
 
 Fifth Ward : — First District, south of the center line 
 of Fort Street ; Second District, between the center lines 
 of Fort Street and Gratiot Avenue; Third District, be- 
 tween the center lines of Gratiot Avenue and Watson 
 Street ; Fourth District, north of the center line of Watson 
 street. 
 
 Sixth Ward : — First District, south of the center of 
 Abbott Street ; Second District, between the center lines 
 of Abbott and Plum Streets ; Third District, between the 
 center lines of Plum Street and Grand River Avenue ; 
 Fourth District, north of the center line of Grand River 
 Avenue. 
 
 Seventh Ward: — First District, all south of the 
 
ELECTION DISTRICTS. 1 5 
 
 center line of Fort Street ; Second District, between the 
 center lines of Fort and Maple Streets ; Third District, 
 between the center lines of Maple and Alfred Streets ; 
 Fourth District, north of Alfred Street. 
 
 Eighth Ward : — First District, south of Baker Street; 
 Second District, between Baker and Locust Streets ; Third 
 District, between Locust and Myrtle Streets ; Fourth Dis- 
 trict, north of Myrtle Street. 
 
 Ninth Ward : — First District, south of Croghan Street ; 
 Second District, between Croghan and Jay Streets ; Third 
 District, between Jay and Detroit Streets ; Fourth Dis- 
 trict, portion north of Third District. 
 
 Tenth Ward: — First District, south of Baker Street; 
 Second District, between Baker Street and Michigan Ave- 
 nue ; Third District, between Michigan Avenue and 
 Myrtle Street; Fourth District, north of Myrtle Street. 
 
 Eleventh Ward : — First District, south of Fort 
 Street; Second District, between Fort and Catharine 
 Streets ; Third District, between Catharine and German 
 Streets ; Fourth District, north of German Street. 
 
 Twelfth Ward : — First District, south of Baker 
 Street ; Second District, the portion lying between Baker 
 Street and a line running along Butternut to Twenty- 
 fourth Street, thence southerly through Twenty-fourth to 
 the alley north of Michigan Avenue, and thence to the 
 west line of Porter Farm ; Third District, all that portion 
 lying north of Second District. 
 
 Thirteenth Ward: — First District, south of the 
 center line of Fort Street; Second District, between Fort 
 and German Streets; Third District, north of German 
 Street. 
 
 Fourteenth Ward : — First District, all south of Dix 
 Road ; Second District, all between Dix Road and Michi- 
 
10 
 
 ELECTION DISTRICTS. 
 
 gan Avenue; Third District, all north of Michigan Ave- 
 nue. 
 
 Fifteenth Ward : — First District, all south of Cham- 
 plain Street and a line uniform therewith; Second District, 
 all north of Champlain Street to Mack Road; Third Dis- 
 trict, all north of Mack Road. 
 
 Sixteenth Ward : — First District, all south of Dix 
 Road; Second District, all north of Dix Road to Michi- 
 gan Avenue; Third District, all north of Michigan Ave- 
 nue. 
 
 CITY HALL. 
 
CITY AND COUNTY OFFICERS. 17 
 
 CITY AND COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1870 AND 1890. 
 
 Some of the principal city and county officers serving in 
 1870 and 1890, and not named elsewhere are as follows : 
 
 City Officers. 
 
 1870. Mayor, W. W. Wheaton; 
 1890. " H. S. Pingree. 
 
 1870. City Clerk, Henry Starkey; 
 1890. " '' A. G. Kronberg. 
 1870. City Counsellor, J. P. Whittemore; 
 1890. " " John W. McGrath. 
 
 1870. City Attorney, James J. Brown. 
 1890. " " Chas. W. Casgrain. 
 
 1870. City Historiographer, vacant; 
 1890. " " Silas Farmer. 
 
 1870. City Physicians, J, M. Bigelow, Andrew Bor- 
 
 rowman, P. P. Gilmartin, 
 E. Leach; 
 1890. •' " M. H. Andrews, Angus Mc- 
 
 Lean, Hugo Erichsen. 
 
 County Officers. 
 
 1870. County Auditors, A. Blue, M. Kennedy, J. A. 
 
 Visgar ; 
 1890. " " A. Stoll, C. P. Collins, W. C, 
 
 Mahoney. 
 1870. County Clerk, Stephen P. Purdy ; 
 1890. " ^' W. P. Lane. 
 
 1870. County Treasurer, Paul Gies; 
 1890. " " Ralph Phelps, Jr. 
 
 1870. County Register, Alonzo Eaton; 
 1890. " "" R. Bolijer. 
 
CHAPTEE lY. 
 
 CITY VALUATION— CITY DEBT— CITY AND COUNTY 
 TAXES. 
 
 The increasing prosperity and growth of the city is 
 strongly exhibited in the increased valuation of property. 
 In 1870 the assessors valuation of the real estate in Detroit 
 was $16,872,333. In 1889 their valuation was $117,453,- 
 140. The valuation of the personal property in 1870 was 
 $6,730,994 ; in 1889 it was 139,052,650. The total amount 
 of the city taxes in 1870 was $631,872; in 1890 the amount 
 is $2,545,327. 
 
 The net city debt in 1870, less the amount in the sink- 
 ing fund and including the debt of the Water Board, was 
 $1,610,542. In 1890, including the debt of the Water 
 Board and deducting the amount in the sinking fund, the 
 city debt is $2,277,403, the net debt of the city proper 
 being only $972,078. 
 
 The financial officers of the city in 1870 were as follows: 
 Controller, B. G. Stirason ; Assessor, Jeremiah Godfrey ; 
 Board of Review : A. A. Rabineau, G. M. Rich, J. C. 
 Warner ; City Collector, Thos. Joyce ; Treasurer, E. S. 
 Leadbeater; Receiver of Taxes, W. Y. Rumney. 
 
 In 1890 the following persons are serving : Controller, 
 Peter Rush ; Assessors, C. M. Garriso'n, J. J. Perrien, 
 Theodore Rentz ; Treasurer, Thomas P. Tuite ; Receiver 
 of Taxes, C. K. Trombly. 
 
CITY TAXES. 19 
 
 CITY taxes; when and how payable. 
 
 The estimates for taxes, as submitted by the Control- 
 ler, are required to be adopted by the Common Council 
 before April 5 of each year, and must be submitted to the 
 Board of Estimates in time to be confirmed by the Council 
 before April 15. While the members of the Council are 
 considering the estimates, the Board of Assessors have 
 been completing their valuation of the property to be 
 taxed ; and, at least two weeks before April 1, they are 
 required to give notice that they will sit until April 5 to 
 hear complaints and make corrections in the valuations. 
 After this has been done, on or before tlie third Tuesday 
 of April, they send the completed tax roll to the Board of 
 Aldermen, and within a week thereafter the Board of Al- 
 dermen begin to hold sessions as a Board of Review to hear 
 complaints, and, if necessary, to correct the rolls. Their 
 sessions continue not over sixteen days, after which, about 
 the middle of May, the rolls are confirmed. The assessors 
 then compute the amount of taxes payable on each valua- 
 tion contained on the rolls, and taxes may be paid during 
 the month of July without percentage. Since the law of 
 1879, if the clerks in office are so busy that they cannot 
 receive all taxes offered, lists of property, with names of 
 owners, may be handed in on or before July 25, and the 
 parties can have until August 10 to pay the amounts, if 
 there is no opportunity of paying sooner. On the first of 
 August interest, at the rate of one per cent a month, is 
 added for July, and at the same rate the first of each 
 month until the first of January, unless the tax is paid. 
 If not paid by the first of January, the six per cent that 
 has accrued is added to the original tax, and interest is 
 charged at the rate of ten per cent per annum until the 
 tax is paid. If not paid by the first of February, the 
 
20 CITY TAXES. 
 
 Receiver of Taxes is authorized to advertise the property 
 for sale; but as it takes some time to prepare them, the 
 lists are usually not printed until about May 1, when the 
 property is advertised for sale for four successive weeks. 
 After this the cost of advertising, amounting to about 
 fifty cents, is added, and interest continues to be reckoned 
 at the rate of ten per cent per annum. If the tax is not 
 paid the property is sold about June 1, the exact day 
 being discretionary with the Receiver of Taxes. The 
 sale indicates only that the purchaser is entitled to the 
 use of the property purchased for the number of years 
 agreed upon at time of sale; but if the owmer neglects to 
 redeem it, the sale is confirmed by a regular transfer of 
 title by the city. Records of sales are filed in the City 
 Treasurer's office. The property can be redeemed at any 
 time within one year after sale by paying the amount due 
 at time of sale and interest at the rate of ten per cent per 
 annum. Soon after the sale a list of all property on which 
 the taxes have not been paid, nor cancelled by sales, is 
 furnished by the Receiver to the City Treasurer, to be 
 thereafter collected through him. 
 
 At the annual sale, unless some private person bids the 
 amount of the tax, all lands on which taxes are unpaid 
 are sold to the city, and the amounts received for back 
 taxes in the Treasurer's office are credited as receipts from 
 '' City Bids." 
 
 Taxes or assessments for the building of sidewalks and 
 sewers, or for the paving of streets, are kept entirely dis- 
 tinct from the regular city taxes, and are payable within 
 thirty days from the time the rolls are placed in hands of 
 Receiver. If not paid within thirty days, the Receiver 
 of Taxes can, at his discretion, advertise for sale the pro- 
 perty on which these taxes are levied. 
 
STATK AND COUNTY TAXES. 21 
 
 STATE AND COLNTY TAXES! WHEN PAYBALE. 
 
 Under the tax law of March 14, 1882, and Act of June 
 6, 1883, the State and County taxes for each current year 
 become a lien on the property on December 1, and one 
 per cent on the amount is allowed the township treasurers 
 for collecting the same. After January 1 four per cent is 
 allowed the township treasurers. Within the city of De- 
 troit the taxes are payable to the county treasurer up to 
 December 16 without any percentage. If not paid by 
 December 16, four per cent is added to the amount of the 
 original tax, which must be paid by the first of February, 
 unless the time is extended by the Common Council or the 
 Township Board; but not over one month of additional 
 time can be granted. If not paid by the first of March, 
 two per cent additional is added, and then one per cent a 
 month up to June 1, and if not then paid, a further sum 
 of twenty per cent per year is charged until paid. 
 
 On the first of March a list of all lands on which the 
 taxes are unpaid is forwarded by the county treasurer to 
 the auditor-general, and if the taxes remain unpaid one 
 year or more after the first of July, the lands are then 
 sold on the first of May in the next year. The sale is 
 made by the county treasurer, who, within twenty days 
 after the sale, must file with the clerk of the Circuit Court 
 a list of the lands sold, and unless objection is made, 
 within eight days thereafter the sale is confirmed. At any 
 time within one year thereafter the court can set aside the 
 sale, upon such terms as are deemed just ; but no sale can 
 beset aside after the purchaser or his assignee has been in 
 possession for five years. 
 
CHAPTER Y. 
 
 PARKS-BRIDGE— BOULEVARD-STREETS AND 
 STREET RAILWAYS. 
 
 A most noticeable indication of progress in the way of 
 a permanent attraction provided by the city government, 
 is the beautiful Island Park, known as Belle Isle. 
 
 This Park contains 700 acres and was purchased in 
 1879 at a cost of $200,000, and over $400,000 additional 
 has been expended upon it. An elegant Casino, boat- 
 houses, and other needful buildings have been erected, 
 canals excavated and the low marsh lands along the edge 
 of the island are being transformed into water and drive- 
 ways. 
 
 The underbrush has also been largely removed, rustic 
 bridges erected, roads and paths laid out, and a variety 
 of attractions and conveniences provided. 
 
 There is an abundance of trees of native growth, and in 
 the season no more attractive and delightful park can be 
 found in this or any other land, and eventually it is pos- 
 sibly destined to surpass all other resorts of like nature. 
 
 The passing vessels, which number more than enter the 
 port of London, afford a continually changing scene, and 
 altogether the view on a summer day is hardly equalled 
 anywhere. 
 
 During 1889 a bridge was completed from the foot of 
 the Boulevard to the island at a cost of $300,000. It was 
 opened to the public on May 12, of that year, is provided 
 with a draw, and is a little over 2000 feet lons^. Travelers 
 
STKEpyrs. 23 
 
 on foot or in carriages are amply provided for, and one of 
 the most pleasing views in or near the city is the view up 
 and down the river from the center of the bridge. 
 
 The Boulevard, which at a distance of about three miles 
 from the center surrounds the city on three sides, bears an 
 important relation to the Park as well as to the city. Its 
 inception dates from 1879, and although not fully opened 
 the near future will see it completed, and for all time it 
 must prove one of the most attractive driveways in or near 
 the city. It is from one hundred and fifty to two hundred 
 feet wide, and will be about twelve miles long. Up to 
 1890 over $100,000 had been spent upon it in procuring 
 rights of way and improving the route. 
 
 In 1870 the Parks were under control of the common 
 council. At the present time all of the Parks and also the 
 Boulevard are cared for by the Commissioners of Parks 
 and Boulevard, the members of the Commission in 1890 
 being Geo. H. Russel, Wm. Livingstone, jr., John Erhardt 
 and W. K. Parcher, with John R. Stirling as Secretary 
 and Wm. Ferguson as Superintendent. 
 
 STREETS. 
 
 Within the last two decades scores of streets have been 
 paved, more than half of the city having been gone over, 
 and out of a total of 150 miles of streets now paved, 118 miles 
 have been laid since 1870. Not much, however, can be 
 said in favor of the durability of the most of the pave- 
 ments, but the indications are that the year 1890 will see 
 valuable changes inaugurated in the kind of pavements 
 used and the methods of laying the same. Cass and Ferry 
 avenues are paved for some distance with asphalt, and are 
 so smooth that they find much favor with many persons. 
 
 Street-sweeping machines were first introduced in 1882, 
 
26 STREETS. 
 
 and, efficiently and intelligently operated, are of great 
 advantage. 
 
 The laying of stone sidewalks has become very general 
 since 1875, and it is claimed that the city is exceptionally 
 well provided for in this regard. 
 
 The streets in 1870 were cared for by a great variety of 
 officers, all of whom were displaced by the Board of Pub- 
 lic Works, which began its duties in 1874. The officers 
 having the care of the streets in 1870 were as follows : — 
 Street Commissioners — Eastern District, Robert Reaume; 
 Western District, Patrick Hayes. City Surveyor, Eugene 
 Robinson. Commissioners on Plan of City — Geo. S. Frost, 
 M. F. Dickinson, J. N. Ford. Commissioners of Grades — 
 James Anderson, S. Folsom and James Dubois. The 
 successors of all these officers, the Board of Works is com- 
 posed in 1890 of W. H. Langley, James Hanley and M. 
 J. Griffin. Wm. Voigt, jr., is City Engineer. 
 
 In street car lines there has been a very large increase 
 since 1870, the lines then existing were the Jefferson, the 
 Woodward, tlie Gratiot, the Michigan avenue, Grand 
 River avenue. Fort Wayne and Elmwood, and Ham- 
 tramck. 
 
 During the last twenty years the routes existing in 1870 
 have been largely extended, and the following new lines 
 have been built: — Cass avenue and Third street, Congress 
 and Baker, Brush street, Trumbull avenue. Myrtle street, 
 Highland Park, Dix avenue, Crawford, Chene, Fort street 
 East, Mack road and Congress street. These later lines 
 have more than doubled the mileage, and several other 
 lines will doubtless be in operation within a year. 
 
CHAPTEE Yl. 
 
 WATER-WORKS— FIRE DEPARTMENT— HEALTH 
 REGULATIONS— SEWERS. 
 
 No one department of the city government shows a 
 greater advance since 1870 than that directed by the 
 Board of Water Commissioners. In 1870, the reservoir 
 located on the Dequindre farm, within the city, near the 
 House of Correction, was in use ; now, and for some years 
 past, the Works have been located a mile or more beyond 
 the extreme eastern boundary of the city. 
 
 Then there was but 129 miles of pipeage, the largest 
 being only two feet in diameter ; now pipes three and one- 
 half feet in diameter are used, and there are 344 miles of 
 pipeage. Then the Works were delivering about 5,000,- 
 000 gallons of water daily ; now over 35,000,000 gallons 
 are delivered per diem. 
 
 In 1870, the value of the Works was a little over 
 $1,000,000. In 1890 they are valued at nearly $3,500,- 
 000, and the present debt is only about $500,000 more 
 than it was in 1870, showing an increase in assets of some 
 $2,000,000. In 1870, the water rates produced only 
 $127,143. In 1890 they will produce $367,925. 
 
 A most remarkable and valuable gift was made to tho 
 Board in 1885 by the will of Chauncey Hurlbut, one of 
 the former Commissioners. He gave a valuable library 
 and other property, amounting in value to $250,000, to 
 enlarge the library and improve the grounds where the 
 Works are located. 
 
28 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The members of the Board in 1870 were John Owen, 
 Caleb Van Husan, Chauucey Hurlbut, A. D. Fraser and 
 J. S. Farrand. In 1890 the Board consists of John Prid- 
 geon, S. G. Caskey, August Goebel, J. S. Farrand and 
 Joseph Nagel. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 It would be strange indeed, and would show lament- 
 able indifference or carelessness, if the present condition 
 of the Fire Department did not show a great gain as com- 
 pared with twenty years ago. 
 
 In 1870 the Steam Fire Department was but three 
 years old, and had hardly reached good working order. 
 There was then but six steamers and one hook-and-ladder 
 company. Now there are in commission fifteen steamers, 
 six hook-and-ladder trucks and four chemical engines, 
 besides two steamers and one truck as reserves. 
 
 Then there were 136 reservoirs and 365 hydrants ; now 
 there are 383 reservoirs and 1,693 hydrants. Then there 
 were but 60 fire-alarm boxes ; now there are 249. 
 
 In 1870 the expenditures of the Department amounted 
 to $78,109; the expenditures last year were •i!?324,223. 
 The value of the property of the Department in 1870 was 
 $202,730 ; now it is valued at $886,411. These figures, 
 however, only faintly bring before the mind the real im- 
 provement in the eflTectiveness of the Department. All 
 of the engines now in use are greatly the superior of those 
 employed in 1870; and the appliances for securing rapid 
 work have been greatly improved and largely increased in 
 number. The hose carts are now provided with four 
 instead of two horses ; the method of giving alarms has 
 been skillfully improved, and an almost perfect system has 
 been attained in the entire management of the service. 
 
 The personnel of the force is better than formerly, and 
 
FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 29 
 
 the almost perfection of discipline obtained and continu- 
 ally in force is not excelled anywhere. A rigid system 
 of inspection over all buildings being repaired or newly 
 erected is in force, and the probabilities of fires greatly 
 lessened. 
 
 The Commissioners and officers in 1870 were as fol- 
 lows: Commissioners — T. H. Hinchman, L. H. Cobb, 
 Wm. Duncan, Benj. Vernor ; Secretary, B. F. Baker ; 
 Chief Engineer, James Battle. 
 
 CLIFFORD STREET ENGINE HOUSE. 
 
30 
 
 FIRE DKPAKTMENT. 
 
 In 1890, the officers and Commissioners are : — M. H. 
 Godfrey, Fred. T. Moran, Bruce Goodfellow, Oren 
 Scotten ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. E. Try on; Chief En- 
 gineer, James Battle ; Assistant Engineer, J. R. Elliott ; 
 Superintendent of Telegraph, W. J. Gardner. 
 
 NUMBER AXD LOCATION OF FIRE ALARM BOXES. 
 
 2 — Woodward Avenue and Fort Street. 
 
 3 — Hook and Ladder House JSTo. 1, Larned and Wayne 
 Streets. 
 
 4 — Woodward Avenue and Larned Streets. 
 
 5 — Police Station, Woodbridge Street. 
 
 5 — Jefferson and Woodward Avenues. 
 
 6 — Woodbridge and Shelby Streets. 
 
 6 — Jefferson Avenue and Shelby Street. 
 
 7 — First and Fort Streets. 
 
 8 — JeflTerson Avenue and First Street. 
 
 8 — River and Third Streets. 
 
 9 — Lafayette Avenue and Third Street. 
 12 — Michigan Avenue and First Street. 
 13 — Michigan and Washington Avenues. 
 13 — Rowland and State Streets. 
 14 — Engine House No. 3, Clifford Street near Woodward 
 
 Avenue. 
 15 — Woodward and Gratiot Avenues. 
 It) — Detroit Opera House. 
 17 — Monroe Avenue and Farmer Street. 
 17 — Randolph Street and Gratiot Avenue. 
 18 — Randolph and Harriet Streets. 
 19 — Miner's Opera House. 
 21 — Randolph and Congress Streets. 
 21 — Randolph and Larned Streets. 
 23— Vinton &Co., Woodbridge Street E. 
 
FIRE ALARM BOXES. 31 
 
 24 — Ferry's Seed Factory, Brush Street. 
 
 25 — Jefferson Avenue and Brush Street. 
 
 26 — Atwater and Hastings Streets. 
 
 27 — Atwater and Riopelle Streets. 
 
 28 — Atwater Street and St. Aubin Avenue. 
 
 29 — Atwater and Chene Streets. 
 
 31 — McDougall Avenue and Wight Street. 
 
 32 — Jefferson Avenue and Adair Street. 
 
 84— Frost's Wooden Ware Works. 
 
 35 — Berry Bros.' Varnish Works. 
 
 36— Michigan Bolt and Nut Works. 
 
 37 — Detroit Stove AVorks. 
 
 38 — Jefferson and Field Avenues. 
 
 38— Hook and Ladder House No. 6, Concord Avenue, 
 
 near Congress Street. 
 39 — Jefferson and Meldrum Avenues. 
 41 — Fort and Beaubien Streets. 
 42 — Antoine and Croghan Streets. 
 43 — Engine House No. 2, Antoine and Larned Streets. 
 45 — Hastings and Fort Streets. 
 46 — Rivard and Clinton Streets. 
 47 — Russell and Catharine Streets. 
 48 — Russell and Croghan Streets. 
 49 — Jefferson Avenue and Rivard Street. 
 51 — Engine House No. 9, Larned and Riopelle Streets. 
 52 — Dequindre and Croghan Streets. 
 53 — Orleans and Maple Streets. 
 54^Fort and Dubois Streets. 
 56 — Jefferson Avenue and Dubois Street. 
 57 — Congress Street and Joseph Campau Avenue. 
 58 — Croghan Street and Joseph Campau Avenue. 
 59 — Chene Street and Clinton Avenue. 
 61 — St. Aubin Avenue and Sherman Street. 
 62 — Chene and Maple Streets. 
 
32 FIRE ALARM BOXES. 
 
 63 — Joseph Campau Avenue and Chestnut Street. 
 
 64 — McDougall and Clinton Avenues. 
 
 65 — Engine House No. 7, Fort Street and Elm wood Ave. 
 
 67 — McDougall Avenue and Cleveland Street. 
 
 68 — Chene and Waterloo Streets. 
 
 71 — Congress and Lieb Streets. 
 
 72 — Champlain Street and Bellevue Avenue. 
 
 73— Mt. Elliott Avenue and St. Paul Street. 
 
 74 — Champlain Street and Sheridan Avenue. 
 
 75 — Sheridan Avenue and St. Paul Street. 
 
 81— Mt. Elliott Avenue and Arndt Street. 
 
 82 — Elmwood Avenue and Arndt Street. 
 
 83— Mt. Elliott Avenue and Mack Street. 
 123— River and Fifth Streets. 
 124 — River and Eighth Streets. 
 125— Fort and Eleventh Street. 
 126 — River and LafFerty Streets. 
 127 — Fort and Hoffman Streets. 
 128 — River and Stanton Streets. 
 129 — River and Twenty-second Streets. 
 132— Fort and Twenty-fourth Streets. 
 134 — River and Minnie Streets. 
 135 — Engine House No. 15, Hubbard Avenue, near Fort 
 
 Street. 
 136 — River Street and Clark Avenue. 
 137 — River Street and Junction Avenue. 
 138— Fort and Morrell Streets. 
 139 — Lansing Avenue and Porter Street. 
 142 — Lafayette Avenue and Sixth Street. 
 143 — Fourth and Porter Streets. 
 145 — Engine House No. 8, Sixth and Baker Streets. 
 146 — Seventh and Abbott Streets. 
 147 — Tenth and Porter Streets. 
 148 — Twelfth and Howard Streets. 
 
FIRE ALARM BOXES. 33 
 
 152— Twelfth and Baker Streets. 
 
 152 — Fourteenth Avenue and Baker Streets. 
 
 153 — Fifteenth and Porter Streets. 
 
 154 — Sixteenth and Dalzell Streets. 
 
 156 — Engine House No. 4, Eighteenth and Howard Streets. 
 
 157 — Nineteenth and Baker Streets. 
 
 158 — Howard and Twenty-second Streets. 
 
 162 — Twenty-second Street and Bristol Place. 
 
 163— Hook and Ladder House No. 4, Twentieth Street. 
 
 164 — Bridge and Iron Works, Foundry Street. 
 
 165 — Twenty-fourth and Baker Streets. 
 
 167 -Twenty-fourth Street and M. C. R. E. 
 
 172 — Hubbard and Dix Avenues. 
 
 173 — Engine House No. 14, Scotten near Michigan Ave. 
 
 174 — Lansing and Dix Avenues. 
 
 175 — Detroit Spring Works. 
 
 176 — Toledo and Lansing Avenues. 
 
 17<S — Brandon and Hubbard Avenues. 
 
 182— Michigan Car Co. 
 
 183 — Grand Trunk Round House. 
 
 184 — Junction and Southern Avenues. 
 
 192 — Michigan Central Shops. 
 
 213 — Beaubien and Clinton Streets. 
 
 214 — Gratiot Avenue and Hastings Street. 
 
 214— Gratiot Avenue and Rivard Street. 
 
 215 — Gratiot Avenue and Dequindre Street. 
 
 1.16 — Gratiot Avenue and Dubois Street. 
 
 217 — Engine House No. 11, Gratiot and Grandy Avenues. 
 
 218 — Gratiot and Ellmwood Avenues. 
 
 219 — Gratiot and Mt. Elliott Avenues. 
 
 219 — Gratiot and Bellevue Avenues. 
 
 231 — Hastings and Napoleon Streets. 
 
 234 — Engine House No. 6, Russell and High Streets. 
 
 235 — House of Correction, Russell Street. 
 
34 FIKK ALARM BOXKS. 
 
 235 — H. &L. House No. 5, Russell and Calhoun Streets. 
 
 236 — Rivard and Benton Streets. 
 
 237 — Hastings and Indiana Streets. 
 
 238 — Hastings and Alfred Streets. 
 
 289 — Russell and Leland Streets. 
 
 241 — Riopelle and Bellair Streets. 
 
 243 — St. Aubin Avenue and Scott Street. 
 
 245 — St. Aubin Avenue and Superior Street. 
 
 246— Canfield and Riopelle Streets. 
 
 247 — Canfield Street and Grandy Avenue. 
 
 247 — Canfield and Collins Streets. 
 
 248 — Illinois Street and Joseph Cainpau Avenue. 
 
 251 — St. Aubin Avenue and Farnsworth Street. 
 
 253 — Russell Street and Forest Avenue. 
 
 254 — Engine House No. 13, Russell and Ferry Streets. 
 
 256 — Trombly and Orleans Streets. 
 
 261 — Russell Street and Piquette Avenue. 
 
 263 — Hastings Street and Milwaukee Avenue. 
 
 274 — Grandy and Palmer Avenues. 
 
 312 — Michigan Avenue and Seventh Street. 
 
 312 — Michigan and Trumbull Avenues. 
 
 314 — -Michigan Avenue and Twelfth Street. 
 
 315 — Michigan and Fourteenth Avenues. 
 
 316 — Michigan Avenue and Eighteenth Street. 
 
 317 — Michigan and Maybury Avenues. 
 
 318 — Michigan Avenue and Twenty-fourth Street. 
 
 319 — Michigan and Vinewood Avenue. 
 
 321 — Michigan Avenue and Twenty-eighth Street. 
 
 324 — Michigan Avenue and Thirty-third Street. 
 
 325 — Michigan and Wesson Avenues. 
 
 341— Third and Beech Streets. 
 
 342— Fifth and Plum Streets. 
 
 345 — Seventh and Locust Streets. 
 
 346 — Trumbull Avenue and Perry Street. 
 
FIRE ALARM BOXES. 35 
 
 351 — National Aveiiue aud Locust. 
 
 352^Twelfth and Spruce Streets. 
 
 354— Twelfth and Ash Streets. 
 
 356 — Wabash Avenue and Butternut Street. 
 
 361 — Wabash Avenue and Magnolia Street. 
 
 362 — Sixteenth and Linden Streets. 
 
 364 — Engine House No. 10, Sixteenth Street, at the head 
 
 of Bagg Street. 
 365 — Seventeenth and Ash Streets. 
 367 — Humboldt Avenue and Buchanan Street. 
 368 — Fourteenth Avenue and Buchanan Street. 
 371 — Maybury Avenue and Magnolia Street. 
 372 —Humboldt Avenue and Myrtle Street. 
 372— Twenty-fourth and Myrtle Streets. 
 374 — Twenty-fourth and Buchanan Streets. 
 375 — Maybury Avenue and Ash Street. 
 376 — Buchanan and Twenty-eighth Streets. 
 381 — Vinewood Avenue and Visgar Street. 
 412 — Woodward and Adams Avenues. 
 4 13 ^Woodward Avenue and High Street. 
 415 — Woodward Avenue and Peterboro Street. 
 416 — Woodward Avenue and Parsons Street. 
 417 — Woodward and Willis Avenues. 
 418 — Woodward and Putnam Avenues. 
 421 — Woodward and Medbury Avenues. 
 423 — Woodward Avenue and Boulevard. 
 431 — Adams Avenue and Beaubien Street. 
 432 — John R and Columbia Streets. 
 435 — Beaubien and Winder Streets. 
 436 — High and Antoine Streets. 
 437 — Beaubien and Brewster Streets. 
 451 — John R and Alfred Streets. 
 452 — Antoine and Watson Streets. 
 453 — Beaubien and Brady Streets. 
 
36 FIRE ALARM BOXES. 
 
 461 — Beaubieu aud Fremont Streets. 
 
 462 — Antoine and Farnsworth Streets. 
 
 463 — John R and Ferry Streets. 
 
 465 — Beaubien Street and Piquette Avenue. 
 
 467 — John R Street and Baltimore Avenue. 
 
 512 — Grand River and Cass Avenues. 
 
 512 — Grand River Avenue and Park Place. 
 
 513 — Grand River Avenue and Cherry Street. 
 
 514 — Grand River Avenue and Pine Street. 
 
 516 — Grand River Avenue and Seventh Street. 
 
 517 — Grand River and Trumbull Avenues. 
 
 518 — Grand River and National Avenues. 
 
 521 — Grand River Avenue and Twelfth Street. 
 
 523 — Engine House No. 12, Grand River Avenue and 
 
 Sixteenth Street. 
 523 — Grand River and Hudson Avenues. 
 531— Hook and Ladder House No. 3, Montcalm Street, 
 
 near Park Street. 
 532 — Cass Avenue and Sibley Street. 
 534 — Third Avenue and Bagg Street. 
 536 —Second Avenue and Joy Street. 
 537 — Third and Selden Avenues. 
 538— Fifth and Marcy Streets. 
 541 — Crawford and Brainard Streets. 
 542 — Engine House No. 5, Alexandrine Avenue near 
 
 Cass Avenue. 
 543 — Crawford Street and Willis Avenue. 
 546 — Crawford Street and Forest Avenue. 
 547 — Crawford Street and Putnam Avenue. 
 561 — Third and Hancock Avenue. 
 562 — Lincoln and Willis Avenue. 
 563 — Twelfth Street and Hudson Avenue. 
 564 — Twelfth Street and Hancock Avenue. 
 571 — Lincoln Avenue and Kirby Street. 
 
HEALTH REGULATIONS. 37 
 
 572— Third and Holden Avenues. 
 
 573 — Lincoln and Holden Avenues. 
 
 612 — Harper Hospital. 
 
 613 — Grace Hospital. 
 
 61-1 — Home of the Friendless. 
 
 615 — Thompson Home. 
 
 617 — Woman's Hospital. 
 
 618 — Home for Aged Poor. 
 
 619— House of Providence. 
 
 621 — Protestant Orphan Asylum. 
 
 623 — Marine Hospital. 
 
 624 —St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum. 
 
 625— St. Mary's Hospital. 
 
 631— Detroit College of Medicine. 
 
 632 — Police Headquarters. 
 
 634— City Hall. 
 
 635— High School. 
 
 637— Central Market. 
 
 638— Public Library. 
 
 641 — Telephone Exchange. 
 
 642 — Detroit Sanitarium. 
 
 643 — House of Good Shepherd. 
 
 645— St. Luke's Hospital. 
 
 651 — Fort Wayne. 
 
 652— City Hospital. 
 
 653 — Young Woman^s Home. 
 
 654— Belle Isle Park. 
 
 HEALTH REGULATIONS. 
 
 A very marked improvement has been made since 1870 
 in the regulations concerning the public health. This 
 Department, in 1870, was nominally officered by the ap- 
 pointment of Doctors Zina Pitcher and Wm. Brodie as 
 
38 SKWERS. 
 
 a Board of Health, but they had few powers, no regular 
 meetings were held, and there was little or no system in 
 this important factor in the city's welfare. 
 
 Beginning with the year 1881 under an entirely new 
 law, whicli is still in force, a Board of Health was consti- 
 tuted which has much larger powers, with ample funds 
 for carrying out its plans, and with a competent executive 
 officer to see that its directions are enforced. 
 
 Under the old law of 1870 there was no placarding of 
 houses in the case of infectious diseases, and no complete 
 register of burials. Now these matters are thoroughly 
 and vigilantly attended to ; and there is also under the 
 direction of the police a sanitary squad, who secure the 
 abatement of nuisances ; and, under a yearly contract, 
 the garbage is collected by a responsible company, who 
 burn it and utilize its products. In addition to these 
 methods, inspectors of meat and milk prevent the sale of 
 unsound provisions and adulterated milk. 
 
 The city has also provided, at a cost of $14,000, a hos- 
 pital located on Crawford avenue, in which persons having 
 contagious diseases are treated. 
 
 The Board of Health in 1890 is composed of Doctors 
 Wm. Brodie, Peter Klein and Geo. P. Andrews, with Dr. 
 S. P. Duffield as chief executive officer. The Mayor, 
 Controller, and President of the Metropolitan Police 
 Commission are members of the Board ex-officio. 
 
 SEWERS. 
 
 The sewerage of the city has been enormously increased 
 since 1870. There was then but 31 miles of public and 
 the same number of miles of private sewers; now there 
 are 108 miles of public and 162 miles of private sewers, — 
 and a total of $2,000,000 has been expended for these 
 purposes since 1870. 
 
CHAPTER Y 1 1 . 
 
 UNITED STATES, CIRCUIT, RECORDER'S, POLICE, AND 
 JUSTICES' COURTS— JURY COMMISSION. 
 
 In some respects it may seem an unfortunate state- 
 ment, but it is nevertheless true, that the increase of 
 courts and judges affords a very definite indication of the 
 growth of any city. The larger the population and the 
 greater the amount of business transacted, the greater the 
 complications that arise, and of necessity a larger number 
 of differences and suits at law follow. 
 
 In Detroit there has been a notable increase in the 
 number of judges and suits since 1870. Then we had 
 but one judge of the Circuit Court of the county, Jared 
 Patchin; now we have four judges — C. J. Reilly, G. S. 
 Hosmer, George Gartner and H. B. Brevoort. 
 
 The largest indication of the increase of court business 
 is found in the number of cases noticed for trial. The 
 records of the Wayne Circuit Court for 1870 show that 
 there was begun in that year 674 law cases and 211 chan- 
 cery suits — a total of 885. In 1889 there was begun 1109 
 law and 684 chancery cases. This shows a very large 
 increase, but, in addition, the miscellaneous business in 
 the way of writs and other legal business has increased in 
 even a larger proportion. 
 
 In 1870, the Circuit Court Commissioners were B. T. 
 Prentis and E. Minock. In 1890 they are John Consi- 
 dine, jr., and L. C. Watson. In 1870, J. D. Weir was 
 Judge of the Probate Court, and in 1890 E. O. Durfee is 
 serving. In 1870, the Recorder's Court was presided 
 
40 
 
 POLICE COURT. 
 
 over by Judge Geo. S. Swift, with John T. M^ldrum as 
 Clerk. The present Judge is F. H. Chambers, with Geo. 
 H. Lesher as Clerk and Chas. R. Bagg as Deputy Clerk. 
 In 1870 we had but one Police Justice, A. G. Boynton; 
 now we have two Judges, John Miner and Edmund Haug. 
 During this year, the Police and Recorder's courts will be 
 moved into the new Municipal Court building located 
 
 MUNICIPAL COURT BUILDING. 
 
COURTS. 41 
 
 on the corner Clinton and Raynor streets. It cost about 
 $50,000, and is quite an imposing structure. 
 
 The number of Judges of the State Supreme Court has 
 been increased from four to five, and all the sessions of 
 that court are now held at Lansing instead of half of the 
 time at Detroit. During this same period the United 
 States Bankruptcy Court was discontinued, and the Supe- 
 rior Court of Detroit was both created and abolished. 
 
 The officers of the United States Circuit and District 
 courts in 1870 were as follows : — Circuit Judge, H. H. 
 Emmons ; Clerk, Addison Mandell ; District Judge, John 
 W. Longyear; Clerk, D. J. Davison. In 1890 the offi- 
 cers are : — Circuit Judge, Howell E. Jackson ; Clerk, 
 Walter S. Harsha. District Judge, H. B. Brown ; Clerk, 
 D. J. Davison. U. S. Attorney, 1870, A. B. Maynard ; 
 1890, T. F. Shepard. U. S. Marshal, 1870, J. R. Ben- 
 nett ; 1890, Wm. Van Buren. 
 
 A very great gain in uniformity of administration and 
 methods w^as obtained by the reorganization of the Jus- 
 tices' Courts in 1885. The Justices in 1870 were A. 
 Wuerth, Andrew Ladue, T. McCarthy, Garry Spencer 
 and Peter Guenther. In 1890 the Justices are Walter 
 Ross, O. L. Kinney, John Patton and J. C. Gibson. The 
 Clerk is Wm. F. Baker. 
 
 An improvement in the methods used for the selection 
 of jurors in courts of record is also deserving of notice. 
 In 1870 they were selected by the supervisors, aldermen, 
 town clerks and assessors of Detroit. Since 1887 they 
 have been selected by a jury commission of eleven members, 
 appointed by the Governor. The names of the present 
 officers are as follows: — J. M. Richardson, David Frey, 
 O. R. Pattengill, F. W. Marchner, W. H. Coots, Frank 
 Bleser, A. H. Raynor, J. M. Welsh, W. S. Morey, Alvin 
 Seaman, William Cox. 
 
CHAPTER YIIl. 
 
 POLICE-SHERIFF— PROSECUTING ATTORNEY- 
 HOUSE OF CORRECTION. 
 
 Since tlie year 1870, no department of the city govern- 
 ment has better kept pace with ils growth and needs than 
 that under the control of the Police Commission. Its 
 administration has been careful and conservative, but also 
 progressive, and almost uniformly it has deserved and 
 obtained the approval of those citizens who have had 
 most at stake in the welfare of the city. 
 
 In 1870 there was but one police station, and this was 
 
 POLICE HEADQUARTERS. 
 
POLICE. 4:3 
 
 on Woodbridge street, near Woodward avenue. Now 
 there are nine stations and sub-stations, besides the im- 
 posing station headquarters on the corner of Farmer and 
 Bates streets. 
 
 The other stations are located as follows: — 
 Gratiot Avenue — Northeast corner of Russell Street. 
 Trumbull Avenue — Southeast corner of Michigan Avenue. 
 Elm wood Avenue — East side, between Fort and Champ] ain 
 
 streets. 
 Twentieth Street — East side, between Michigan Avenue 
 
 and Michigan Central Railroad. 
 Canfield Street — North side, near Woodward Avenue. 
 Grand River Avenue — Northeast corner of Twelfth Street. 
 Woodbridge Street — Nortli side, near Twenty fourth 
 
 Street. 
 Canfield Street — Between Chene Street and Joseph Cam- 
 
 pau Avenue. 
 Scotten Avenue — East side, between Lafayette Avenue 
 
 and Lafayette Place. 
 In 1870 there were 77 patrolmen, and the total force 
 numbered 88. In 1890 there are 285 patrolmen, and the 
 total force numbers 348. In 1870 there was no police 
 telegraph and no patrol signal-boxes or wagons ; now there 
 are 177 signal-boxes and five patrol wagons. 
 
 The force in 1870 was officered as follows : Commis- 
 sioners — J. S. Farrand, John J. Bagley, Alex. Lewis, 
 S. D. Miller ; Superintendent, M. V. Borgman ; Secretary, 
 James S. Booth ; Surgeon, Dr. D. O. Farrand; Attorney, 
 J. Logan Chipman; Captain, P. N. Girardin. The offi- 
 cers in 1890 are : Commissioners — S. D. Miller, H. M. 
 Dean, W. C. Colburn and F. J. Hecker ; Superintendent, 
 James E. Pittman; Deputy Superintendent, M. Y. Borg- 
 man; Secretary, Lincoln R. Meserve ; Surgeon, Dr. J. B, 
 Book; Attorney, Chas. M. Swift. Captains — C. C. Stark- 
 weather, W. H. Myler, Joseph Burger, Jesse Mark. 
 
44 HOUSE OF COKRECTION. 
 
 SHERIFF AND PROSECUTING ATTORNEY. 
 
 The Sheriff in 1870 was John Patton; in 1890 L. B. 
 Littlefield is serving. In 1870, Phillip J. D. Van Dyke 
 was Prosecuting Attorney. In 1890 the office is filled by 
 J. V. D. Willcox, and there are two assistants — A. H. 
 Fraser and J. B. Whelan. 
 
 HOUSE OP CORRECTIOX. 
 
 This is the only city institution that is not only self- 
 supporting but also a source of revenue, and there are pro- 
 bably few penal institutions of the kind in the world con- 
 ducted on so successful a business basis. During its exist- 
 ence it has cared for and maintained about 25,000 prison- 
 ers and turned over to the city since 1870 the enormous 
 sum of $270,000. It has also kept intact the city's invest- 
 ment of about 1200,000, and has added to it, over and 
 above the cash turned over, at least $200,000 additional, 
 thus showing a net gain to the city, over and above 
 expenses, of about -$470,000. 
 
 It goes without saying that it might be made still 
 more profitable if all the well-known tramps, and thieves 
 were run in and compelled to work for, instead of preying 
 on, the community. The institution was at first managed 
 by a Board consisting of the Mayor and three inspectors 
 of his appointment. The official roster in 1870 was 
 as follows : Inspectors — L. M. Mason, G. V. N. Lothrop 
 and N. W. Brooks, with Z. Brockway as Superintendent. 
 
 Since 1881 the Board of Inspectors has consisted of four 
 persons appointed as such. The officers for 1890 are 
 Inspectors A. Ives, F. W. Lichtenberg, W. J. Chittenden, 
 and Jeremiah Dwyer, with Joseph Nicholson as Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS— MED- 
 ICAL AND BUSINESS COLLEGES— THE 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 The educational facilities of 1890 as compared with 
 those of 1870, make a very gratifying exhibit. The num- 
 ber of public schools in 1870, several being sometimes in 
 operation under one roof, was 122 ; now there are 381. In 
 1870 there were twenty-three buildings owned by the 
 Board of Education ; now there are forty-eight. The names 
 of the schools, their locations, and the names of their prin- 
 cipals are as follows : 
 
 Bagley, Fourteenth Avenue and Pine Street, Margaret 
 E. Monaghan. 
 
 Barstow, Larned Street near Riopelle, Caroline Cros- 
 man. 
 
 Bellefontaine, Morrell Street near Fort, Wm. A. Ellis. 
 
 Bellevue, Bellevue Avenue near Champlain Street, 
 Anna Devine 
 
 Bishop, Winder Street near Rivard, Lewis G. Gorton. 
 
 Brownson, Maple Street between Chene and Jos. Campau 
 Avenue, Augusta D. Schrade. 
 
 Campbell, St. Aubin Avenue and Alexandrine Avenue, 
 Albina Aldridge. 
 
 Cass, Grand River Avenue and Second Avenue, Sam- 
 uel E. Whitney. 
 
 Chaney, Sullivan Avenue near Linden Street, Marion 
 Law. 
 
46 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Clay, Pitcher Street near Cass Avenue, Abigail A. 
 Michaels. 
 
 Clinton, Clinton Avenue near Rivard Street, Wales C. 
 Martin dale. 
 
 Craft, Vinewood Avenue near Ash Street, Sarah M. 
 Howard. 
 
 Custer, Hammond Avenue near Ranspach Avenue, 
 Mary E. Markey. 
 
 Duffield, Clinton Avenue near Chene Street, Horatio G. 
 Jones. 
 
 Everett, Fort Street near Hastings, Margaret M. Rose. 
 
 Farrand, Harper Avenue and John R Street, Minnie 
 H. Dole. 
 
 Ferry, Ferry Avenue and Jos. Campau Avenue, H. A. 
 Duncan. 
 
 Firnane, Fort Street near McDougall Avenue, Emma 
 R. Gray. 
 
 Franklin, Seventh Street near Locust, Isabel H. Mc- 
 Kay. 
 
 Garfield, River Street and Frederick, Ella Thompson. 
 
 Gratiot, Gratiot Avenue near First Toll Gate, Sarah 
 Ruehle. 
 
 Hancock, Hancock Avenue and Fourteenth Street, Ine 
 M. Welch. 
 
 Hickey, Eighteenth Street and McGraw Avenue, Clara 
 E. Cogger. 
 
 High, Griswold Street and State, Frederick L. Bliss. 
 
 Houghton, Abbott Street and Sixth, Anna M. Joyce. 
 
 Hubbard, Twenty-fifth Street and Labrosse, Harriet C. 
 Park. 
 
 Irving, Willis Avenue near Woodward Avenue, Roena 
 Holbrook. 
 
 Jackson, Earned Street near Dubois, Mary L. Red- 
 mond. 
 
»UBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 47 
 
 Jefferson, Selden Avenue and Crawford Street, Fred M. 
 Moe. 
 
 Johnston, Waterloo Street near Dubois, Lizzie C. Rich- 
 ardson. 
 
 Lincoln, Kentucky and St. Antoine Streets, Elvira E. 
 Edens. 
 
 Livernois, Liveruois Avenue near Michigan Avenue, 
 Effie M. Proctor. 
 
 IRVING SCHOOL. 
 
 McKinstry, McKinstry Avenue and McMillan Avenue, 
 Kate Monaghan. 
 
 Miami, near Willcox, Milton J. Whitney. 
 
 Newberry, Twenty-ninth Street near Visgar Avenue, 
 Benj. A. Nolan. 
 
 Nichls, Elm Street near Seventh, Eliza S. Foote. 
 
 Norvell, Arndt Street near Carapau Avenue, Martha 
 Baldwin. 
 
 John Owen, Myrtle Street and Thirteenth, Kate E. 
 Lenaghan. 
 
 Potter, Tillman near Magnolia, Maud Burrows. 
 
48 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Pitcher, Sullivan Avenue near Butternut Street, Isabel 
 F. Thirkell. 
 
 Russell, Russell Street and Grove, Nettie Mitchell. 
 
 Tappan, Thirteenth Street and Marantette, Helen W. 
 McKerrow. 
 
 Tilden, Kirby Street and Seventh, Ella M. Sheeran. 
 
 Trowbridge, Forest near St. Antoine, Margaret A. 
 King. 
 
 VanDyke, Field Avenue and Agnes Street, C G. G. 
 Paine. 
 
 Washington, Beaubien Street near Madison Avenue, 
 Chas. F. Daniels. 
 
 Webster, Twenty-first Street near Howard, Chas. B. 
 Hall. 
 
 Wilkins, Porter Street and Second, Harriet Marsh. 
 
 The total value of the school property in 1870 was 
 8432,972, the last inventory showed a valuation of 
 SI, 412,000. The number of children in the city of school 
 age in 1870 was 26,641, the last school census gives the 
 total at 63,009. The number of school sittings in 1870 
 was 7,594, now it is 21,177. The average attendance 
 then was 7,505, now it is 16,921. The total number of 
 scholars enrolled in 1870 was 11,252, now" the number is 
 22,968. The number of teachers in 1870 was 112, the 
 number in 1890 is 456. The total expenditures in 1S70 
 were $293,550, the last annual report shows an expendi- 
 ture of $450,231. 
 
 In 1870 the Board of Education consisted of twenty 
 members, two each from ten different wards. Their names 
 were as follows: 
 
 First Ward— J. A. Brown, J. M. Welch. 
 Second Ward — D. O. Farrand, C. K. Backus. 
 Third Ward — W. J. Rumney, J. R. McGrath. 
 
PRIA'ATE SCHOOLS. 49 
 
 Fourth Ward — J. A. Venn, J. W. Romeyn. 
 
 Fifth Ward — R. W. King, D. W. Brooks. 
 
 Sixth Ward — M. Flanigan, O. Bourke. 
 
 Seventh Ward— S. D. Miller, W. D. Wilkins. 
 
 Eighth Ward — J. Finnegan, J. Monaghan. 
 
 Ninth Ward — J. W. Bartlett, A. Bauer. 
 
 Tenth Ward — F. J. Watson, P. Yan Damme. 
 
 li. W. King was president, and Duane Doty secretary 
 and superintendent. 
 
 In 1890 the Board consists of twelve inspectors, elected 
 on a general ticket. Their names are as follows: Henry 
 A. Chaney, Willard M. Lillibridge, Frederick W. F. 
 Brede, Mrs. S. C. O. Parsons, Wm. G. Springer, Thomas 
 F. Halloran, John B. Todenbier, Thomas F. Comerford, 
 William Voigt, Jr., Johnston Stuart, Frank Lingemann, 
 David Ferguson, Thomas Berry, B. R. Hoyt, William 
 Adair, James F. Ratigan. 
 
 The officers in 1890 are as follows : — William Voigt 
 Jr., President; Thomas F, Halloran, President, pro tem.; 
 Jno. R. King, Secretary; John S. Schmittdiel, Treasurer; 
 Wm. E. Robinson, Superintendent of Schools ; Robert 
 Wallace, Supervisor of Property. 
 
 private and parochial schools. 
 
 A manifest advance has been made in the character of 
 the buildings and in the number of private and church 
 schools since 1870. The largest and most expensive pri- 
 vate school building ever erected in Detroit, that of the 
 Home and Day School on the corner of Cass Avenue and 
 Stimson Place, was erected in 1883, the school having 
 been established in 1878. It accommodates about two 
 hundred and fifty pupils. The new building near the 
 corner of Adams Avenue and Park Street, occupied by 
 
50 MEDICAL COLLEGES. 
 
 the Detroit Female SemiQary, is also a creditable struc- 
 ture. 
 
 The only other undenominational school bearing the 
 name of a seminary is that known as the German- 
 American Seminary, located on Champlain Street between 
 Rivard and Russell streets. 
 
 In the way of parochial or church schools, the increase 
 has been very marked. In 1870 there were only eight 
 Catholic schools ; now they have eighteen. The Luther- 
 ans, in 1870, had six schools; now they have fourteen. In 
 1870 the Catholic Academy of the Sacred Heart had one 
 large building near the corner of Jefferson Avenue and 
 St. Antoine Street ; now it occupies two large buildings on 
 the same site, and has also erected an elegant, extensive 
 and imposing structure at Grosse Pointe, costing, with its 
 grounds, over 8100,000. 
 
 The Jesuit College, established since 1870, is located on 
 the north side of Jefferson Avenue, between St. Antoine 
 and Rivard streets, in what is by far the most elegant and 
 costly educatioual structure in the city. The large Polish 
 Catholic theological school on St. Aubin Avenue, near 
 Garfield Avenue, was erected in 1886. 
 
 MEDICAL AND BUSINESS COLLEGES. 
 
 In 1870 the Detroit Medical College was housed in one 
 of the small wooden buildings of Harper Hospital, and 
 was officered as follows : — President, E. W. Jenks, M.D., 
 Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Chil- 
 dren; T. A. McGraw, M.D., Professor of Principles and 
 Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery ; S. P. Duffield, 
 Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology; C. B. 
 Gilbert, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Thera- 
 peutics ; W. H. Lothrop, M.D., Professor of Physiology 
 
MEDICAL COLLEGES. 
 
 51 
 
 and General Pathology ; J. F. Noyes, M.D., Professor of 
 Opthalmology ; N. W. Webber, M.D., Professor of Gene- 
 ral and Descriptive Anatomy ; P. P. Gilraartin, Adjunct 
 Professor of Obstetrics and Lecturer on Medical Jurispru- 
 dence; H. O. Walker, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. 
 The Detroit College of Medicine, the successor of the 
 Detroit Medical College and the Michigan College of 
 Medicine, is located in a new and commodious building, 
 erected for its especial use, on the corner of St. Antoine 
 and Mullett streets. The officers and faculty in 1890 are 
 as follows: — 
 
 Theo. A. McGraw, M.D., President. 
 
 H. O. Walker, M.D., Secretary: 
 
 Wm. Brodie, M.D., Emeritus Professor of the Principles 
 and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine. 
 
 DETROIT COLLEGE OF 31EL)I('INE. 
 
52 MEDICAL COLLEGES. 
 
 Theo. A. McGraw, M.D., Professor of Principles and 
 Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. 
 
 Henry F. Lyster, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Practice 
 of Medicine and Clinical Diseases of the Chest. 
 
 N. W. Webber, M.D., Professor of Gynaecology and 
 Obstetrics. 
 
 James B. Book, M.D., Professor of Principles and Prac- 
 tice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. 
 
 H. O. Walker, M.D., Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, 
 Genito-Urinary Diseases and Clinical Surgery. 
 
 William C. Gustin, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics, Clin- 
 ical Midwifery and Clinical Diseases of Children. 
 
 E. L. Shurly, M.D., Professor of Laryngology and 
 Clinical Medicine. 
 
 Daniel LaFerte, M.D,, Professor of Anatomy. Ortho- 
 paedic Surgery and Clinical Surgery. 
 
 J. H. Carstens, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Clin- 
 ical Gynaecology. 
 
 C. Henri Leonard, M.D., Professor of Medical and Sur- 
 gical Diseases of Women and Clinical Gynaecology. 
 
 Eugene Smith, M.D., Professor of Opthalmology and 
 Otology. 
 
 Charles Douglas, M.D., Professor of Diseases of Chil- 
 dren and Clinical Medicine. 
 
 David Inglis, M.D., Professor of Mental and Nervous 
 Diseases. 
 
 J. E. Clark, M.D., Professor of General Chemistry and 
 Physics. 
 
 A. E. Carrier, M.D., Professor of Dermatology. 
 
 E. A. Chapoton, M.D., Professor of Principles and 
 Practice of Medicine. 
 
 Charles J. Lundy, M.D., Professor of Diseases of the 
 Eye, Ear and Throat. 
 
 Charles G. Jennings, M.D., Professor of Physiology 
 and Diseases of Children. 
 
MEDICAL COLLEGES. 53 
 
 C. A. Devendorf, M.D., Professor of Cliuical Obstetrics 
 and the Puerperal Diseases. 
 
 F. W. Brown, M.D., Professor of Histology and Micros- 
 copy. 
 
 Duncan McLeod, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica 
 and Therapeutics. 
 
 K A. Jamieson, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica. 
 
 George Duffield, M.D., Professor of Principles of Medi- 
 cine. 
 
 G. S. Shattuck, M.D., D.D.S., Lecturer on Dentistry. 
 S. G. Miner, M.D., Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis. 
 A. P. Biddle, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. 
 
 Assistants : 
 
 F. W. Robbins, M. D., Instructor in Chemistry. 
 
 Benjamin P. Brodie, M. D., Assistant to Chair of Physi- 
 ology. 
 
 John McKinlock, M. D., Assistant to the Chair of Gyu- 
 jecology. 
 
 Frank D. Summers, M. D., Clinical Assistant to Chair 
 of Gynaecology. 
 
 Erwin Wright, M. D., Clinical Assistant to the Chair 
 of Laryngology. 
 
 F. D. Heirsordt, M. D., Clinical Assistant to the Chair 
 of Opthalmology and Otology. 
 
 Don M. Campbell, M. D., Clinical Assistant to the Chair 
 of Diseases of the Eye and Ear. 
 
 Wm. M. Donald, M. D., Assistant to Chair of Clinical 
 Medicine. 
 
 J. A. Winters, M. D., Prosector to Chair of Anatomy. 
 
 R. A. Newman, M. D., Director of Clinic at St. Mary's. 
 
 The Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery, organ- 
 ized in 1888, is located on the corner of Michigan Avenue 
 
54 MEDICAL COLLEGES. 
 
 and Porter Street. The trustees and faculty for 1890 are 
 as follows : 
 
 Trustees : 
 
 Hal C. Wyman, President; Dayton Parker, Vice-Pres- 
 ident; Webster C. Jipson, Secretary-Treasurer ; Henry C. 
 Wisner, R. B. Robbins, William H. Long, J. J. Mulheron. 
 
 Faculty: 
 
 William H. Long, M. D., Surgeon U, S. Marine Hos- 
 pital Service, Emeritus Professor Military Surgery. 
 
 John J. Mulheron, M. D., Dean, Professor Pathology, 
 Practical Medicine and Clinical Gynaecology. 
 
 Hal C. Wyman, M. D., Treasurer, Professor Principles 
 of Surgery and Operative Surgery. 
 
 George W. Stoner, M. D., Surgeon U. S. Marine Hos- 
 pital Service, Professor Clinical Surgery. 
 
 Dayton Parker, M. D., Professor Pathology and Prac- 
 tice of Medicine. 
 
 Lewis E. Maire, M. D., Professor Ophthalmology and 
 Otology. 
 
 Oscar S. Armstrong, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and 
 Venereal Diseases. 
 
 Wm. I. Hamlen, M. D., Professor of Chemistry and 
 Director Chemical Laboratory. 
 
 Zina Pitcher, M. D., Professor Materia Medica and 
 Therapeutics. 
 
 Willard Chaney, M. D., Professor Laryngology and 
 Hygiene. 
 
 E. B. Smith, M. D., Professor Minor Surgery. 
 
 Samuel Bell, M. D., Professor Physiology and Diseases 
 of Thorax. 
 
 Henry A. Chaney, M. A., Professor Medical Juris- 
 prudence. 
 
 D. L. Dakin, ]\[. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. 
 
PUBLIC LIBRARY. 55 
 
 K. Gunsolus, M. D., Director of Surgical Laboratory. 
 H. A. Wright, M. D., Lecturer on History and Micros- 
 copy. 
 
 The Detroit Business University, which in 1870 was 
 occupying the Seitz building where the State Savings Bank 
 is now located, and which subsequently occupied the upper 
 story of the Mechanics, now the McGraw building, is 
 now established in its new quarters in one of the highest 
 and finest business buildings in the city, on the corner of 
 Willcox Street and Barclay Place. 
 
 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 This institution has had almost all its growth since 1870, 
 and prior to 1877 it occupied a small room in the rear of 
 the High School. In the year last mentioned it first occu- 
 pied the building erected for it in the small park at the 
 corner of Farmer Street and Gratiot Avenue. While not 
 specially attractive in its exterior appearance the interior 
 of the Public Library building is not only impressive but 
 beautiful, the roof with its colored glass being an attractive 
 feature. 
 
 In 1870 the Lirabry contained only 18,767 volumes, 
 and had at its command only about $12,000 per year ; now 
 it has 91,693 volumes, the expenses are about $31,000 per 
 year. In 1870 no current newspapers or periodicals were 
 supplied to readers, now there is a very large and excep- 
 tionally well lighted free reading room, which is liberally 
 supplied with current periodicals and newspapers, at an 
 expenditure of nearly a thousand dollars per year. The 
 Library itself is free to any person for consultation, and 
 any resident of Detroit over fifteen years of age may 
 draw books, after signing an agreement to abide by the 
 
56 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 rules, and getting some citizen to sign as surety. In 1870 
 the Library was under the sole control of the Board of 
 Education, now it is controlled by a Board of Commission- 
 ers appointed by the Board of Education. The Commis- 
 sioners in 1890 are G. S. Hosmer, Herbert Bowen, H. 
 A. Harmon, B. S. Willis, Magnus Butzel, E. F. Conely. 
 The Librarian in 1870 was Henry Chaney, in 1890 Henry 
 M. Utl^/ is Librarian and Superintendent. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 CHURCHES— CHARITABLE AND PHILANTHROPIC 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Whatever of progress or improvement may be shown in 
 connection with any other subject, there is no other that 
 shows gains equal to the increase in number of churches 
 and church buildings. The number of new churches 
 erected in Detroit since 1870 must certainly be unparal- 
 leled in any other city of its size. In that year there were 
 only 52 church buildings in the city ; since then many of 
 these have been replaced with new structures, and no less 
 than 95 entirely new church buildings have been erected. 
 In addition, several churches have been so extensively im- 
 proved that, out of a total of 127 church buildings now 
 occupied, practically four out of five have been erected 
 since 1870. 
 
 The following entirely new church societies have been 
 organized since 1870: Catholic — St. Aloysius, St. Joachim, 
 Sacred Heart, St. Wenceslaus, Holy Redeemer, St. Casi- 
 mer, St.Bonaventure, Our Lady of Sorrows, St. Elizabeth, 
 St. Charles. Methodist — Junction, Delray, Cass Avenue, 
 Asbury, Lincoln Avenue, Woodward Avenue, Ninde, 
 Arnold, 32d Street (German), Ebenezer (African), Bethel 
 (African). Episcopal — Emanuel, All Saints, St. James's, 
 Messiah, St. Mary's, Good Shepherd, St. Barnabas's, St. 
 George's, St. Joseph's, St. Andrew's, St. Thomas's, and St. 
 Philip's. Presbyterian — Covenant, Memorial, Trumbull 
 Avenue, Frontenac Avenue, Third Avenue, Hendrie Ave 
 nue, Baker Street, Arndt Street. Baptist — Eighteenth 
 
.')b CHARITABLTi: INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Street, Twelfth Street, 2nd German, Clinton Avenue, Shi- 
 lob, Warren Avenue, North. Congregational — Trumbull 
 Avenue, Fort Wayne, and Mount Hope. Luthei-an — 
 St. Mark's, Zion, Bethlehem, St. Paul's, St. Peter's, St. 
 John's, Christ's U. A. C, Christ's, St. Marcus, Trinity, 
 Hol}^ Cross. Other Denominations — Universalist, Unity, 
 House of Jacob. 
 
 CHARITABLE AND PHILANTHROPIC INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 When we compare the number of new charities estab 
 lished since 1870, and especially the number of new 
 structures devoted to charitable purposes, it would almost 
 seem as if all had had their birth since the year named. 
 This, of course, is not true, and yet in number, and import- 
 ance and in amount of money invested in philanthropic 
 enterprises there has been a growth that is truly gratify- 
 ing for the manifest evidence afforded that with increase of 
 wealth, there has been increased willingness to consider 
 and provide for the helpless and unfortunate. 
 
 Twelve general societies devoted to charitable and phil- 
 anthropic work have been organized and equipped since 
 1870. The names of these societies are: The Little Sisters' 
 Home for the Aged Poor, The Thompson Home for Old 
 Ladies, Zoar Asylum, Day Nursery and Kindergarten, 
 Convent of Good Shepherd, Grace Hospital, Detroit 
 Emergency Hospital, Open Door Society, Children's Free 
 Hospital, Young Woman's Home, Women's Christian 
 Association, and Detroit Association of Charities. 
 
 Since 1870, new buildings have been provided for the 
 following institutions : — St. Vincent's Female Orphan 
 Asylum, St. Mary's Hospital, The Industrial School, St. 
 Joseph's Retreat, Harper Hospital, Grace Hospital, Home 
 of the Friendless, Women's Hospital and Foundlings' 
 
CHAKITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 59 
 
 Home, Little Sisters' Home for Aged Poor, Thompson 
 Home for Old Ladies, Young Woman's Home, Zoar Asy- 
 lum, Detroit Day Nursery and Kindergarten, Detroit 
 Emergency Hospital, and The Young Men's Christian 
 Association. 
 
 The accommodations provided for these societies repre- 
 sent an actual outlay for land and buildings of nearly one 
 million dollars, — and, besides the entirely new structures, 
 two or three societies have furnished and refitted buildings 
 for their use at a cost of about $100,000. The growth in 
 the amount of good accomplished is believed to have fully 
 kept pace with the increased expenditures. 
 
 The officers of several of these societies in 1870 and 1890 
 are as follows : 
 
 Ladies Protestant Orphan Asylum. 
 
 1870. First Directress, Mrs. Lewis Allen. 
 
 1890. " '• Mrs. E. C. Brush. 
 
 1870. Recording Secretary, Mrs. P. E. Curtis. 
 
 1890. " " Mrs. H. H. Jackson. 
 
 1870. Treasurer, Mrs. S. Davis. 
 
 1890. " Mrs. James Nail. 
 
 The Industrial School. 
 
 1870. President, Mrs. Cleaveland Hunt. 
 
 1890. " Mrs. Jas. H. Muir. 
 
 1870. Recording Secretary, Mrs. M. H. Webster. 
 
 1890. " " Mrs. John Harvey. 
 
 1870. Treasurer, Mrs. G. N. Fletcher. 
 
 1890. " Mrs. E. W. Bissell. 
 
60 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 St. Luke's Hospital. 
 
 1870. President, H. P. Baldwin. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1870. Recording Secretary, S. D. Miller. 
 
 1890. '' " G. H. Minchener. 
 
 1870. Treasurer, A. A. Rabineau. 
 
 1890. " H. P. Baldwin, 2d. 
 
 Harper Hospital. 
 
 1870. President, Buckminster Wight. 
 1890. " Jacob S. Farrand. 
 
 1870. Secretary, R. W. King. 
 1890. " Bryant Walker. 
 
 Home of the Friendless. 
 
 1870. President, Mrs. David Preston. 
 
 1890. " Mrs. Wm. A. Moore. 
 
 1870. Recording Secretary, Mrs. D. W. Brooks 
 
 1890. " " Mrs. W. C. Duncan. 
 
 1870. Treasurer, Mrs. David Carter. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Women s Hospital. 
 
 1870. President, Mrs. L. L. Paige. 
 181J0. " Mrs. J. S. Conklin. 
 
 1870. Secretary, Mrs. G. M. Lane. 
 
 1890. " 
 
 1870. Treasurer, Mrs. H. Glover. 
 1890. " Mrs. G. E. Fox. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
 1870. President, David Preston. 
 1890. " J. C. McCaull. 
 
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 61 
 
 1870. Recording Secretary, E. E. Kane. 
 
 1890. " " F. D. Standish. 
 
 1870. Treasurer, Bradford Smith. 
 
 1890. " F. Woolfenden. 
 
 1870. General Secretary, Rev. J. Seage. 
 
 1890. " " L. F. Newman. 
 
 GRACE HOSPITAL. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS— POST OFFICE— TELEGRAPHS- 
 TELEPHONES AND PHONOGRAPHS. 
 
 During the last twenty years many newspaper ventures 
 have had their little day. Of the principal papers that 
 existed in 1870 the following six are still issued, viz. : The 
 Detroit Tribune, the successor of the Post and Tribune; 
 The Detroit Free Press, The Michigan Volksblatt, The 
 Commercial Advertiser and Michigan Home Journal, The 
 Abend Post, and The Michigan Farmer and State Jour- 
 nal of Agriculture. To these have been added a number 
 of others, of which the principal are The Western Home 
 Journal, The Evening News, The Michigan Christian 
 Advocate, The Michigan Christian Herald, The Detroit 
 Courier, The Detroit Journal, .and The Sun. 
 
 The most noteworthy advance since 1870 has been the 
 introduction by the leading newspapers, of what is known 
 as the papier-mache stereotype process, by means of which 
 duplicate pages of the type forms are rapidly produced, 
 and aided by the newer styles of presses, with pasting and 
 folding machines, there is almost no limit to the rapidity 
 with which papers can be printed and made ready for deliv- 
 ery. During the same period various new, cheap and rapid 
 means of illustrating have been perfected, and the use of 
 cuts to explain or attract is now a common instead of an 
 uncommon event. It is only since 1870 that an evening 
 paper has been greatly successful, and the News and the 
 Journal are remarkable illustrations of successful ventures. 
 
POST-OFFICE, TELEGRAPHS, ETC. 63 
 
 POST-OFFICE, TELEGRAPHS, ETC. 
 
 The contrast between the advantages of 1890 as com- 
 pared with 1870 will be in part indicated by an examina- 
 tion of several items connected with the Post-Office 
 Department. In 1870 there were 20 letter carriers in 
 Detroit; now there are 86. Then the receipts from 
 postage and stamps at Detroit amounted to $105,769 ; 
 these same sources last year produced $391,516. The use 
 of postal cards and the reducing of the rate of postage 
 from three to two cents has also taken place since the date 
 named. The Postmaster in 1870 was F. W Swift. In 
 1890 E. T. Hance is serving. 
 
 The following general telegraph companies were located 
 here in 1870: The Atlantic & Pacific, Geo. Farnsworth, 
 Manager; and the Western Union, C. Corbet, Manager. 
 
 In 1890, Mr. Farnsworth is Manager of the Postal Tel- 
 egraph Co., and Mr. Corbet remains in charge of the 
 Western Union. 
 
 As to telephones and phonographs, it is well-known that 
 both of these valuable inventions have come into use since 
 1870, and that thousands of the former are in use in the 
 city. 
 
CHAPTER X 1 1. 
 RAILROADS. EXPRESS AND DESPATCH LINES. 
 
 The greatest advantages derived by Detroit from new 
 railroads or extensions in the last twenty years have been 
 obtained through the roads extended to the northern por- 
 tion of the state, and across the northern peninsula. Since 
 1870 the Detroit, Lansing & Northern, the Detroit & Bay 
 City, and the Detroit, Mackinac & Marquette roads have 
 been built and opened, giving us communication with the 
 rapidly developing northern portion of Michigan, and also 
 greatly helping in the way of obtaining trade from the 
 Lake Superior region, and all of these lines have added 
 largely to the mercantile advantages of the city. 
 
 The southwestern communications have been increased 
 by the building of what was known as the Eel River Rail, 
 road and especially by the completion of the Wabash & 
 St. Louis Railroad. The eastern routes have been increased 
 through the extension of the Canada Southern branch of 
 the Michigan Central Railroad to Toledo, and also by the 
 so-called Essex Cut-off, which gives a more direct route 
 eastward. 
 
 Great local conveniences were provided during the same 
 period by the building of the Transit and Belt Line Rail- 
 roads. Three new elevators have been built, and the 
 storage capacity of the elevators is nearly five times greater 
 than it was in 1870. 
 
 Extensive improvements in the way of depot buildings 
 and grounds have been made. The Michigan Central 
 Railroad depot has been erected, and the Union Depot 
 
EXPRESS AND FREIGHT LINES. 65 
 
 and Station Company grounds provided, and still larger 
 and more extensive accommodations are being arranged 
 for in connection with the building of the new Union De- 
 pot on the corner of Fort and Third .Streets, which will be 
 occupied by the Wabash & St. Louis, the Canada Pacific, 
 the Flint & Pere Marquette, Detroit, Lansing & Northern, 
 and probably two other railroads. 
 
 EXPRESS AND FREIGHT LINES. 
 
 In 1870 two fast freight lines were represented in De- 
 troit, the Empire with E. R. Parker as agent, and the 
 Merchants' Despatch with A. H. Muir as agent. In 1890 
 there are nine lines represented. A. H. Muir is still agent 
 of the Merchants' Despatch, and the other lines and agents 
 are as follows: Star Union Line, W. J. Milward ; West 
 Shore Line & Hoosac Tunnel Line, E. W. Smith ; Blue 
 Line and Canada Southern, W. C. Rowley; Commercial 
 Express Line, Edward Wiles; Empire Line, R. B. Mc- 
 Gregor; Great Eastern, Richard Dowle ; Lehigh & Wa- 
 bash Despatch, M. L. Doherty. The American Express 
 Company, of which W. S. Gray was agent in 1870, is 
 now conducted by Charles F. Reed. The agent of the 
 U. S. Express Company in 1870 was F. H. Cone, in 1890 
 J. McFall is agent. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 ATHLETIC, FISHING, SHOOTING, BOAT AND YACHT 
 CLUBS. 
 
 The increase of wealth and leisure in the city is indicated 
 very clearly in the increased attention paid to athletic 
 sports and in the large amounts expended for buildings 
 and appliances designed to further healthful exercise and 
 recreation. 
 
 The greater demand for such instrumentalities arises 
 not only from the natural increase in the population, but 
 because young men especially are attracted to the cities, 
 and in a given number of people a much larger number of 
 young men will be found in a city than in a country dis- 
 trict. 
 
 The really strong, moneyed corporations, all formed since 
 1870, to secure the best players of base ball, and the tens 
 of thousands of dollars expended yearly to provide this 
 form of recreation for the thousands who at times pay large 
 fees to see a game, is but one of the evidences of the in- 
 creasing attention paid to athletic sports. 
 
 Another marked feature in this department of the city's 
 life is the thoroughly equipped and attractive buildings 
 provided for athletic organizations. 
 
 A leading and influential factor in the proper develop- 
 ment of these desirable societies exists, in the thoroughly 
 equipped and efficiently officered gymnasium of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association. This organization was the 
 first to procure the latest and best gymnastic appliances, 
 and to couple with their use the attendance of an educated 
 
CLUBS. 67 
 
 and skillful instructor, Mr. Geo. W. Ehler, who if desired 
 makes a complete preliminary physical examination of 
 those proposing to exercise, ascertains their special needs 
 and defects, and aided by their physician puts all who 
 will on the high road to a better and more complete and 
 healthful physical development. In these important par- 
 ticulars and in careful, philosophical, systematic and suc- 
 cessful work, it is simple justice to say that no other gymna- 
 sium in the city or state ever approximated that of the Y. 
 M. C. A. 
 
 It is also true that other highly creditable athletic or- 
 ganizations exist. Of these the Detroit Athletic Club is 
 the oldest. Its building, located on the west side of Wood- 
 ward Avenue just above Canfield Avenue, with its appur- 
 tenances, cost $30,000. It has a total of 706 members. The 
 officers and directors in 1890 are : President, F. K. 
 Stearns; Vice-President, Chas. A. Dean; Secretary, 
 Henry B. Joy; Treasurer, J. W. Bigelow; Captain, Jno. 
 C. Lodge; Directors, Dennis F. O'Brien, Arthur M. 
 Parker, Frank B. Werneken, Ford D. C. Hinchman. . 
 
 A newer but none the less popular and valuable organ- 
 ization, the Michigan Athletic Club, has its building on the 
 corner of Congress Street and Elmwood Avenue, where it 
 owns fully a block of land, its entire property representing 
 a value of 165,000, the building and apparatus costing 
 $31,000. It has 350 members. The officers are, William 
 C. McMillan, President; C. J. Reilly, Vice-President; 
 Charles T. Wilkins, Secretary ; C. A. Ducharme, 
 Treasurer. Directors: William C. McMillan, Charles 
 T. Wilkins, Sidney T. Miller, C. K. Brandon, C. J. Reilly, 
 C. A. Ducharme, George M. Hendrie, Julius Stroh, J. E. 
 Lockwood. 
 
 The opportunities for recreation at Detroit are not con- 
 fined to those on land. Within easy reach of the city, at 
 
68 CLUBS. 
 
 the upper end of Lake St. Clair, there is one of the most 
 noted of hunting and fishing grounds. The marshy waters 
 in the season are the feeding places of rayriads of ducks and 
 the waters are equally thronged with fish of many desir- 
 able kinds. The rare opportunities here offered have 
 caused the establishment of several fishing and shooting 
 clubs and a number of extensive club houses have been 
 located along the lake and on the higher grounds, and 
 several individuals have erected fishing cottages and to 
 the profit of their health spend days together in semi-isola- 
 tion from the cares of life. The most prominent clubs 
 making use of the facilities here aflforded are the Lake St. 
 Clair Fishing and Shooting Club, W. C. Colburn, Presi- 
 dent; the North Channel Shooting Club, R. D. Robinson, 
 President; the Detroit Hunting and Fishing Association, 
 F. B. Dickerson, President, and the Michigan Gun Club, 
 E. H. Gillman, President. 
 
 Although possessing exceptional facilities for boating, 
 there has been little popular enthusiasm for this sport for 
 some years past. The American people as a whole seldom 
 think about or engage in more than one thing at a time, 
 and of lale our mind has been on land sports instead of 
 those upon the water, but in due time the pendulum of 
 fashion will again swing over the water, and boat clubs 
 will be " all the go " and " on the go " on one of the finest 
 stretches of water to be found in all the world. 
 
C H A P T E K X I y . 
 
 SECRET AND SOCIAL SOCIETIES— MILITIA COM- 
 PANIES. 
 
 Of the older secret societies the Masonic body stands 
 easily at the head in point of numbers. 
 
 There are eight lodges in Detroit, as follows: Zion No. 
 1, organized June 5, 18^4; Detroit No. 2, June 5, 1845 ; 
 Union of Strict Observance, No. 3, January 18, 1852 ; 
 Ashlar No. 91, January 16, 1857 ; Oriental No. 240, Jan- 
 uary 10, 1868; Schiller No. 263, April 13, 1869; Kil- 
 winning No. 297, January 11, 1872 ; Palestine No. 357, 
 January 28, 1881. 
 
 The total membership of the Detroit Lodges in 1870 
 was 1236. In 1890 it is 2338. 
 
 Monroe Chapter No. 1. of Detroit was organized Febru- 
 ary 3, 1818 ; Peninsular Chapter No. 13, was organized 
 Feb. 11, 1857. Michigan Sovereign Consistory, S. P. R. 
 S, was organized May 21, 1862. 
 
 There are thirteen Odd Fellow Lodges in Detroit and 
 their names and date of organization are as follows: 
 
 Michigan, No. 1, December 4, 1843 ; Detroit, No. 2, 
 April 13, 1844 ; Olive Branch, No. 38, September 20, 1849 ; 
 Washington, No. 54, February 22, 1851 ; Detroit, No. 128, 
 February 29, 1867 ; First French, No. 147, October 15, 
 1870; Sides, No. 155, February 22, 1871; Columbus, No. 
 215, September 29, 1873; Kiverside, No. 303, September 
 12, 1877; Amity, No. 335, January 1, 1880; Western, No. 
 370, August 31, 1882; Eastern, No. 387, May 3, 1887; 
 Jonathan, No. 394, October 25, 1889. 
 
70 
 
 SOCIAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 The number of members of Detroit Lodges in 1870 was 
 830, in 1890 the Lodges have a membership of 1480. 
 
 The most popular of the social clubs, The Detroit, was 
 organized in 1882, and is housed in a convenient building 
 of its own on the corner of Fort and Wayne Streets. The 
 officers for 1890 are Geo. H. Russel, president ; Wm. C. 
 
 DETROIT CLUB HOUSE. 
 
 Colburn, 1st vice-president; L. L. Barbour, 2d vice-pres- 
 ident; S. T. Douglas, 2d., secretary; Geo. H. Lothrop, 
 treasurer ; Bryant Walker, auditor. 
 
 A club known as the Grosse Pointe Club was organized 
 in 1885 and an attractive building erected on the coast of 
 Lake Ste. Claire, but the distance from the city prevented 
 
MILITIA COMPANIES. 71 
 
 its being largely patronized and as the receipts did not 
 begin to cover the running expenses, it has ceased to be 
 known as a club house and is operated as the Grosse 
 Pointe Casino. 
 
 The Interlaken Club, or Detroit Bank Clerks' Associa- 
 tion, was organized in 1888. They have a tasty club 
 house at Orchard Lake, in Oakland County, and a prop- 
 erty worth $25,000. E. W. Pyle is president, L. S. Lerch 
 treasurer, and J. E. Bolles, secretary. 
 
 The Phctnix Social Club, organized in 1872, has its 
 rooms on the corner of Woodward Avenue and Duliield 
 Street. The officers in 1890 are Louis Blitz, president ; 
 J. H. Freedman, secretary ; Albert Schloss, treasurer. 
 
 MILITIA COMPANIES. 
 
 In 1870 there were but three militia companies in the 
 city, namely: the Detroit Light Guards, G. L. Maltz, cap- 
 tain ; Detroit National Guards, P. W. Nolan, captain ; 
 and the Sherman Zouaves, C. H. Brown, captain. Now 
 there are seven companies : The Detroit Light Guards, 
 F. L. Abel, captain; Detroit National Guard, J. W. 
 Drury, captain ; Scott Guard, E. W. Rode, captain ; 
 Detroit Light Infantry, H. B. Lothrop, captain; Detroit 
 Montgomery Rifles, John Considine, Jr., captain ; Detroit 
 City Grays, C. E. Richmond, captain; and Detroit Cadets, 
 W. W. Cooney, captain. 
 
CHAP TEE XX. 
 ART AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 A most interesting increase in the attention paid to 
 art has been developed since 1870, and a large share of the 
 growth may be properly traced to the Art Loan Exhibition 
 held in 1883. 
 
 The principal ocular outgrowth of that exhibition is 
 the building of the Detroit Museum of Art, located on the 
 corner of Jefferson Avenue and Hastings Street. The 
 lot, costing $25,000, was donated by citizens interested in 
 art, and a fund of $100,000 for the building was raised by 
 popular subscription. An Art Academy has been estab- 
 lished, a number of classes for the study of various 
 branches of art, and courses of lectures provided, and an 
 excellent equipment, exists in a large number of valuable 
 paintings and models belonging to the Museum. 
 
 The Academy is officered as follows : 
 
 Director — John Ward Dunsmore. 
 
 Faculty. 
 
 Percy Ives, Advanced Antique Class, Primary Antique 
 Class and Lecturer on Perspective. 
 
 Miss A. C. Van Buren, Elementary Classes. 
 
 H. M. Lawrence, Industrial and Decorative Design. 
 
 Mrs. E. G. Holden, Children's Class. 
 
 Hal. C. Wyman, M.D., Lecturer on Anatomy. 
 
 John Ward Dunsmore, Life Classes and Lecturer on 
 Composition. 
 
ART AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 illlllillllllllllllllllllllll.llllillllllllllillllllililllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli^ 
 
 MUSEUM OF ART. 
 
 The Detroit Water Color Society, tiie Decorative Art 
 Society, the Detroit Architectural Sketch Club, and the 
 Detroit Etching Club, are also in their several lines doing 
 excellent work and helping to increase a knowledge of 
 and interest in art. 
 
 MUSICAL. 
 
 That there has been a very marked increase of interest 
 along musical lines since 1878, is evident to any one who 
 pays any heed to what may be seen daily and almost 
 hourly on any street. You can scarce enter a street car 
 without encountering one or more lads or misses with 
 
7-1: MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 music roll or violin case. The rising generation is paying 
 vastly more attention to music than was paid two decades 
 ago, or even ten years ago. 
 
 Several thoroughly equipped schools or conservatories, 
 with from one to a number of hundreds of pupils, have 
 grown up since the year 1870, and these, with a large 
 corps of teachers, are doing excellent work in giving in" 
 struction in both vocal and instrumental music. 
 
 The most prominent of these institutions are the Detroit 
 Conservatory of Music of Prof. J. H. Hahn, and Vet's 
 Academy of Music. 
 
 The Concordia and Harmonic Societies of 1870 still 
 continue, and have been supplemented by the Detroit 
 Philharmonic, the Lyra, the Teutonia, the Veteran and 
 other smaller societies. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 BANKS. BANKING, AND INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 The increase of banking capital in a city, especially if 
 it is known to be almost entirely owned by citizens, is a 
 reliable evidence of the increase of wealth and of business 
 prosperity. Such an increase always has a favorable effect 
 upon legitimate business ventures, for the more banking 
 capital there is the lower the rates of interest and the greater 
 encouragement for new enterprises. 
 
 In the year 1870 the banking capital of Detroit, includ- 
 ing that of private bankers, was probably about 13,050,- 
 000. At the present time, according to the quarterly re- 
 ports at the beginning of the year, and including the capi- 
 tal of the city banks organized since the year began, the 
 bank capital of the banks organized under State law is 
 $2,803,910. Their surplus and undivided profits amounts 
 to $1,236,000. The capital of the National banks is 
 $4,400,000. Their surplus and undivided profits amounts 
 to 11,088,200, and there is also capital to the amount of pro- 
 bably 1)300,000 employed by individual bankers, making 
 a total of 19,828,110, or three times as much as there was 
 in 1870. The most notable financial event occurring 
 since 1870 was the attaining by the National Bank notes 
 on December 17, 1878, of an equal value with that of gold, 
 and ever since, in all ordinary transactions. National Bank 
 notes, gold and silver have had equal purchasing power. 
 
 In 1870 there were but four banks, and their capital and 
 officers were as follows : — Detroit Savings Bank — Presi- 
 dent, Elon Farnsworth. First National Bank — Capital, 
 $500,000 ; President, Jacob S. Farrand ; Cashier, Emory 
 
76 BANKS AND BANKING. 
 
 Wendell, Second National Bank — Capital, $500,000 ; 
 President, H. P. Baldwin ; Cashier, C. M. Davison. Amer- 
 ican Exchange National Bank — Capital, $250,000 ; Pre- 
 sident, A. H. Dey ; Cashier, G. B. Sartwell. There were 
 also the following private bankers: — Wm. A. Butler, Da- 
 vid Preston, A. Ives & Sons, Fisher, Booth & Co., and 
 V. J. Scott. 
 
 The four banks existing in 1870 are still in operation* 
 all of them with largely increased capital; and there have 
 been added seventeen new banks. The former bank of Wn). 
 A. Butler & Co., has been reorganized under State law as 
 the Mechanics' Bank— Capital, $100,000 ; President, Wm. 
 A. Butler; Cashier, E. H. Butler. The old established 
 bank of David Preston & Co., was reorganized as the 
 Preston National Bank— Capital, $1,000,000 ; President, 
 K. AY. Gillett ; Vice-President, F. W. Hayes ; Cashier, J- 
 P. Gilmore. 
 
 The seventeen new banks with the amount of their 
 capital and their officers, are as follows : 
 
 Merchants' and Manufacturers' National — Capital, 
 $500,000 ; President, T. H. Hinchman ; Cashier, H. L. 
 O'Brien. 
 
 Union National — Capital, $200,000 ; President, John 
 P. Fiske; Cashier, John B. Padberg. 
 
 Commercial National — Capital, $500,000 ; President, 
 Hugh McMillan ; Cashier, Morris L. Williams. 
 
 Third National -Capital, $300,000; President, H. P. 
 Christy ; Cashier, Frederick Marvin. 
 
 People's Savings— Capital, $500,000 ; President, M. W. 
 O'Brien ; Cashier, G. E. Lawson. 
 
 Wayne County Savings — Capital, $150,000 ; President, 
 W. B. Wesson ; Cashier, S. D. Elwood. 
 
 Michigan Savings — Capital, $150,000 ; President, Geo. 
 Peck ; Cashier, S. R. Mumford. 
 
BANKS AND BANKERS. 7T 
 
 State Savings— Capital, $200,000; President, Geo. H. 
 Russel ; Cashier, R. S. Mason. 
 
 Dime Savings— Capital, $200,000; President, S. M. 
 Cutcheon ; Cashier, F. Woolfenden. 
 
 Citizens' Savings — Capital, $100,000; President, Chris- 
 tian Mack ; Cashier, Edwin F. Mack. 
 
 Peninsular Savings — Capital, $500,000; President, Alex. 
 Chapoton, jr., Cashier, J. B. Moore. 
 
 Central Savings — Capital, 1100,000; President, Gilbert 
 Hart; Cashier, J. C. Hart. 
 
 Home Savings — Capital, $200,000 ; President, James 
 McGregor; Cashier, J. S, Schmittdiel. 
 
 American Banking and Saving Association — Capital, 
 $200,000; President, W. H. Stevens; Cashier, J. M. 
 Nicol. 
 
 German-American — Capital, $100,000; President, E. 
 Kanter ; Cashier, H. L. Kanter. 
 
 City Savings— Capita], $100,000; President, W. H. 
 Brace; Cashier, F. B. Harper. 
 
 Biver Savings — Capital, $100,000; President, A. A. 
 Parker; Cashier, G. S. Robinson. 
 
 The banks organized prior to 1870 and still existing 
 are : 
 
 First National- Capital, $500,000; President, Emory 
 Wendell; Cashier, L. E. Clark. 
 
 Detroit National— Capital, $1,000,000; President, C. 
 H. Buhl; Cashier, C. M. Davison. 
 
 American Exchange National — Capital, $100,000; 
 President, M. S. Smith; Cashier, Hamilton Dey. 
 
 Detroit Savings— Capital, $200,000; President, S. D. 
 Miller; Cashier, E. C. Bowman. 
 
 In addition to the above, there are also the following 
 private bankers: 
 
<8 BANKING AND INSURANCE. 
 
 A. Ives & Sons, J. L. Harper & Co., and McLellan & 
 Anderson. 
 
 A very great gain in the way of convenience and system, 
 and in the affording of a knowledge of the amount of 
 banking business transacted, was made by the establish- 
 ment in 1883 of a Clearing Association, of which F. W. 
 Hayes has been the Manager from its organization, with 
 Hamilton Dey as Deputy Manager. E. C. Bowman 
 has been the only Secretary. H. P. Baldwin served as 
 Chairman from 1883 to 1887, and was succeeded by A. H. 
 Dey, who served until his decease in August, 1889, when 
 C. M. Davison was appointed his successor. The busi- 
 ness transacted is indicated in the following table: 
 
 
 Clearings. 
 
 Balances. 
 
 1883 
 
 $143,357,400 
 
 $21,797,958 
 
 1884 
 
 133,570,835 
 
 22,416,551 
 
 1885 
 
 142,284,094 
 
 24.911,505 
 
 1886 
 
 165,798,059 
 
 28.506,791 
 
 1887 
 
 198,085,922 
 
 32,783,816 
 
 1888 
 
 227,526,339 
 
 37,798,303 
 
 1889 
 
 242,414,800 
 
 40,094,624 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 In the year 1870 there were but two insurance companies, 
 with their general offices, in Detroit. These were the 
 Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Company, capital $150, 
 000, with John J. Bagley as President and John T. Lig- 
 gett as Secretary, and the Detroit Fire & Maiine Insur- 
 ance Company, capital $500,000, with Caleb Yan Husan 
 as President and J. J. Clark as Secretary. 
 
 In 1890 the following local companies have their head- 
 quarters in Detroit: — Michigan Mutual Life — Jacob S. 
 Farrand, President ; Wm. A. Butler, Vice-President ; 
 O. R. Looker, Secretary ; H. F. Frede, Assistant Secre- 
 tary ; Gen. W. F. Raynolds, Actuary; A. H. Wilkinson, 
 
INSURANCE COMPANIES. 79 
 
 Attorney ; C. A. Kent, Counsel ; H. F. Lyster, Medical 
 Director. 
 
 Detroit Fire & Marine Insurance Company — Capital, 
 $350,000; Wra. A. Butler, President; James J. Clark, 
 Secretary. 
 
 Western Union Mutual Life Society. — Officers and Trus- 
 tees — President, Wm. H. Brace ; Vice-President, Ford D. 
 C. Hinchman ; Treasurer, Butler Ives ; Secretary, Lyman 
 M. Thayer, Levi T. Griffin, Hervey C. Parke, Wm. H. 
 Dunning, Ira H. Wilder. Medical Director, Henry F. 
 Lyster, M. D. Managers, Thayer & Dunning. 
 
 The Standard Life & Accident Insurance Company. — 
 Officers — President, D. M. Ferry ; Vice-President, C. C, 
 Bowen ; 2d Vice-President, F. W. Hayes; Secretary, 
 Stewart Marks ; Assistant Secretary, E. A. Leonard ; 
 Treasurer, M. W. O'Brien; Superintendent of Agencies, 
 Frank F. Parkins; Adjusting Surgeon, C. W. Hitchcock, 
 M. D. 
 
 The Imperial Life Insurance Company — President, C. 
 
 A. Newcomb ; Vice-President, A. C. Bacon ; Secretary, A, 
 Waring ; Treasurer, A. E. F. White ; Actuary, W. D. 
 Harrah; Attorney, Hoyt Post ; Medical Director, Dr. J. 
 
 B. Book. 
 
CHAPTER XYIL 
 
 MANUFACTURING AND JOBBING INTERESTS. 
 
 The manufacturing interests, established in Detroit 
 since 1870, are so much more numerous than those exist- 
 ing prior to that date that the facts seem hardly credible, 
 and the factories that did exist in 1870 have so enlarged 
 their capacity, and so increased the amount and value of 
 their products since that year, that any facts that could be 
 presented for 1870 would seem like the remembrances of 
 Rip Van Winkle. 
 
 General statistics as to the amount and value of manu- 
 factured products in almost any period, or gathered through 
 any instrumentality, are of comparatively little value. If 
 a firm or corporation have special advantages that some one 
 would perhaps copy if attention was called to them, their 
 success is not likely to be noised abroad. Many manu- 
 facturing institutions owe their prosperity to the " still 
 hunt " method of calling attention to their wares rather 
 than to the amount of business that they are doing. If it 
 becomes apparent that any person doing much better than 
 the average there are a hundred persons who wish to ob- 
 tain a share of the profits, by engaging in the same busi- 
 ness. For these reasons the figures obtained are often 
 incomplete, inaccurate or misleading. 
 
 If on the contrary the business of a firm or corporation 
 is not remunerative, there is a natural temptation to increase 
 the credit and business standing by over estimates or the 
 giving of prospective conditions rather than present facts. 
 All estimates therefore of this nature are liable to be either 
 overestimated or underestimated and are of necessity 
 
MANUFACTURING A ."^D JOBBING INTERESTS. 81 
 
 followed by an interrogation point, if this mark is not 
 always printed it exists in the mind of those who look be- 
 neath the words or figures and is supplied as needed. 
 
 Some facts, however, are patent even to a casual observer. 
 When the eye sees large and wide-spreading factories 
 where it is known that formerly no building existed, 
 observes volumes of smoke pouring from numerous chim- 
 neys, hears the hum and hammer of machinery, and from 
 time to time notices hundreds of workers going in or 
 coming out of a building it is ocularly and aurally 
 demonstrated that a large amount of work is being per- 
 formed. If further demonstration is desired, the loaded 
 trucks or cars that leave the premises will often supply 
 the evidence. 
 
 Judged by these positive standards the general prosperity 
 of an establishment may be fairly predicated, and there are 
 many such that have been created since 1870. 
 
 Among this number are the following, and it should be 
 born in mind that every one of these has been organized and 
 their building erected since 1870 : The Peninsular Car Co.; 
 TheRussel Wheel & Foundry Co., The Michigan Malleable 
 Iron WorkSjThe Detroit Copper & Brass Rolling Mills, The 
 Michigan Stove Co., The Peninsular Stove Co., The Griffin 
 Car Wheel Co., Hubels' Capsule factory, National Pin Co.^ 
 Detroit Emery Wheel Co., Detroit White Lead Works, 
 Peninsular White Lead & Color Works, Acme White 
 Lead Works, Detroit Linseed Oil Co., The Farrand & 
 Votey Organ Co., M. J. Murphy & Co's Chair Factory, 
 Detroit Electrical Works, Michigan Carbon Works, The 
 Sulky Harrow Manufacturing Co., Gray, Toynton & Fox's 
 Confectionery; J. E. Bolles & Co's Wire & Iron Works; 
 Detroit Casket Co., Detroit Pipe & Foundry Co., The H. 
 C. Hart Manufacturing Co., Sievers & Erdman's Carriage 
 Factory; and Huyett & Smith Manufacturing Co. 
 
82 MANUFACTURING AND J0BJ3ING INTERESTS. 
 
 Besides the above the following no less extensive estab- 
 lishments have in large part erected new buildings and have 
 had their largest and best growth since 1870 : Berry Bros., 
 Varnish Manufacturers; Parke, Davis & Co., Manufactur- 
 ing Chemists; Detroit Bridge & Iron Works, Fulton Iron 
 & Engine Works, Baugh Steam Forge Co., Michigan Car 
 Co., Stearns Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Pingree & Smith's 
 Shoe Factory; Richardson's Match Factory, Boydell 
 Bros' Lead Works, Clough & Warren's Organ Factory, 
 The Bagley, Globe, Banner, American Eagle and Hia- 
 watha Tobacco Factories ; Detroit Safe Co., Detroit Stove 
 Co., Hargreaves Moulding Manufacturing Co., Detroit 
 City Glass Works, Detroit Lead Pipe & Sheet Lead 
 Works, and Galvin Brass & Iron Works. 
 
 The leading manufactures of Detroit are Cars, Stoves, 
 Tobacco, Drugs, Varnishes, Organs, Shoes and White 
 Lead, and these and other articles made in Detroit are 
 literally shipped to every country on earth, including the 
 larger islands of the sea. 
 
 The increase in the number of factories which job their 
 own goods direct to the retailers has not tended to increase 
 the number of jobbing or w^holesale establishments. There 
 has, however, been a very marked increase in the ship- 
 ments from Detroit mercantile houses, and the number of 
 long established, and strong and financially entrenched 
 wholesale stores is a marked feature of the business life of 
 Detroit. These houses have had the trade so well in hand 
 for so many years, and by increasing their facility keep so 
 thoroughly abreast of the times, that few new comers in 
 wholesale lines find room to grow. A number of the lead- 
 ing retail stores also have an extensive jobbing trade, and 
 for this reason also the number of exclusive jobbing houses 
 have not increased as they would if the conditions had been 
 different. 
 
CHAPTEK XYIII. 
 
 ARCHITECTURAL GAINS, LANDMARKS LOST. 
 
 In the way of elegant business and commercial structures 
 the city has gained more in the last twenty years than in 
 all its past before that time, and the same is true with re- 
 gard to the adornment it now enjoys through its hundreds 
 upon hundreds of elegant residences, more in number pro- 
 portionate to the population than is possessed by any other 
 city in America, and when the attractive surroundings are 
 considered, more than are to be found in Philadelphia or 
 New York. 
 
 There is scarcely a single commercial building now in the 
 city that would attract attention from its beauty which has 
 not been erected since 1870. As stated elsewhere, nearly 
 one hundred churches have been built since 1870, and 
 almost all of the buildings devoted to charitable purposes. 
 As to other public buildings the same facts exist ; The 
 City Hall, The Public Library, The Municipal Courts 
 building, two-thirds of all the Engine Houses and even a 
 larger proportion of the School Buildings have been built 
 within the period named. 
 
 Of the three Opera Houses, the Whitney on Griswold 
 Street and the Grand on Randolph Street have both been 
 built since 1870, and the Detroit facing the Campus Mar- 
 tins has been entirely rebuilt since 1870. Of the four 
 leading Hotels, the Wayne, the Cadillac and the Plankin- 
 ton are new structures, and the Russell House has been 
 almost entirely rebuilt since the date named. Within 
 this time also the Soldiers Monument has been completed. 
 
8i AKCHITECTURAL GAINS, LANDMARKS LOST. 
 
 the Bagley Fountain set up, and the Museum of" Art 
 erected. 
 
 Very few of the older historic landmarks that existed 
 in 1870 now remain. We may sympathize with the spirit 
 of progress and improvement, but there is of necessity re- 
 gret that one by one the relics of the old regime and of 
 boyhood days are obliterated. The old Cass House on 
 Larned Street, the Campau House on Jefferson Avenue, 
 the old City Hall, St. Anne's Church, the old Capitol, 
 the old County Court Building on Griswold Street, the 
 Pontiac Tree and various landmarks of lesser note but 
 dear to memory's eyes are now numbered with the graves 
 of a past that possessed much of romance. 
 
 The last decade has also brought the great Storage 
 Companies with their enormous buildings and wagons, the 
 Safe Deposit Vaults also came within the last two decades, 
 and both of these important and useful conveniences 
 help to emphasize the fact that the city has entered upon 
 a truly metropolitan life. 
 
1852-DAVID PRESTON & CO., BANKERS, 
 
 DETROIT, MICHIGAN, 
 
 rCopy of Advertisement, Detroit Free Press, 
 July, 1852.] 
 
 -J^EW EXCHANGE OFFICE OP 
 
 DAVID PRESTON & CO., 
 
 Jefferson Avenue (opposite 
 Masonic Hall.j 
 
 The Subscribers do an Exchange, Bank- 
 ing and Collection Business. 
 
 Collections made and proceeds remitted at 
 current rate of exchange, interest 
 allowed on special dejwsits. 
 
 Bounty Land Warrants. 
 
 160s, SOs, 4-08 bought and sold at 
 best rates. Parties wishing to buy 
 or sell tcarrants will find it jor 
 their best interests to advise with us 
 before making purchases or sales. 
 
 DAVID PRESTON & CO., 
 
 Exchange Brokers, - Detroit, Mich. 
 
1885— 1 HE PRESTON BANK OF DETROIT, 
 
 DETROIT. MICHIGAN. 
 
 [From the Detroit Free Press. June, 1885.] 
 THE PRESTON BANK OF DETROIT. 
 
 Articles of iueoi'ijoration of the Preston Bank of Detroit were filed 
 yesterday. The organization will succeed to the old established business 
 of David Preston & Co.. and will be officered as follows : 
 
 President. - DAVID PRESTON. 
 Vice-President. FREDERICK W. HAYES. 
 Cashier, - - W3I. A. BERCRY. 
 
 3Ir. David Preston, who has been at the head of the old bank since its 
 establishment in 185:2, and who has been prominently identified with the 
 banking interests of this State and the Northwest since that year, will be the 
 principal stockholder in the reorganized bank, and will continue to devote 
 his time and attention to its business, and will give the new organization the 
 full benefit of his many years' experience and practical busmess sagacity. 
 
 Mr. F. W. Hayes, the Vice-President, is well known as a successful bank 
 officer of twenty years' experience, covering a period as teller in the old 
 Second National Bank, and Cashier for eight years of the Merchants and 
 Manufacturers" National Bank of this city. In organizing the Detroit Clesr- 
 ing House Association Mr. Hayes Avas one of the most active participants, 
 and has been the Manager since its organization in Februaiy, 1883. He has 
 also been active in other reforms in Detroit Banking, and has proved himself 
 energetic and enterprising. With his well known practical banking ability 
 he will be a valuable acquisition to the new bank. 
 
 David Preston & Co. will continue in active business until the new insti- 
 tution begins, which will probably be early in Julj', when it will occupy the 
 office of the old firm in the new Campau building, which is regardetl bj- 
 many as the finest banking room in the city. 
 
 The capital of the new bank will be $100,000 paid up, which will be 
 increased as the demands of business require. With ample facilities the 
 bank will transact a general banking business in all its branches, and will 
 also pay particular attention to the purchase and sale of first class invest- 
 ment securities, in which the old firm have been extensive dealers since 1860, 
 and its foreign exchange department will also be complete. 
 
1887— THE PRESTON NATIONAL BANK OF DETROIT, 
 
 DETROIT, MICHIGAN. 
 
 [From the Detroit Tribune, June, 1887.] 
 
 As was announced several days ago, the number of National Banks in 
 Detroit will be increased by one as soon as the plans for reorganizing the 
 Preston Bank under the National Banking law can be completed. The 
 change will probably take place on the 1st prox. The Board of Directors of 
 the new bank will consist of R. W. Gillett, Clarence A. Black, W. H. Elliott, 
 James E. Davis, Jas. D. Standish, Hazen S. Pingree, Frederick W. Hayes, 
 Albert E. F. White, all of Detroit ; Wellington R. Burt, East Saginaw ; John 
 Canfield, Manistee, and W^illiam D. Preston, Chicago. Mr. Gillett will be 
 President, and Mr. Hayes Vice-President and Manager of the institution. 
 The new bank starts under the most favorable auspices. The financial 
 establishment, of which David Preston was the founder and head until his 
 demise, has long had a large share of the patronage and the well merited 
 confidence of the business community. That its successor, with added 
 capital and a directorate comprising business men of capital and the 
 highest standing in the mercantile world, will increase the business built 
 up by Mr. Preston there is little doubt. 
 
 [From the Evening News, June. 1887.] 
 
 There is a well-defined rumor on Griswold Street that the Preston Bank 
 will be reorganized as the Preston National Bank, with a capital of $500,000, 
 and a directory including such jDrominent and substantial citizens as R. W. 
 Gillett, C. A. Black, James D. Standish, F. W. Hayes, A. E. F. White, W. H. 
 Elliott, James E. Davis and H. S. Pingree, of Detroit ; W. R. Burt, East 
 Saginaw ; John Canfield, Manistee, and W. D. Preston, Chicago. If the 
 project is carried out— and rumor says it is an assured fact— the new enter- 
 prise will undoubtedly take a leading place among the National Banks of 
 this city. It will have a special advantage in succeeding a business so 
 extensive and well established as that of the Preston Bank. 
 
R. AV. GILLETT. 
 
 President. 
 
 F. W. HAYES. J. P. GILMORE, 
 
 Vice-President. Cashier. 
 
 n%tm Aiati0Ml 
 
 OF DETROIT. 
 
 ORGANIZED JUNE, 1887. 
 
 CAPITAL, - - $1,000,000. 
 
 We buy and sell at market prices: 
 
 FOREIGN GOLD COINS. 
 
 English Sovereigns (Victoria) 
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 Norwegian Twenty Kroners, 
 
 Spanish Doubloons, 
 
 Bank of England Notes, ]3er £, 
 
 Domestic and Foreim Mutilated Gold Coin. 
 
 SILVER COINS. 
 
 Trade Dollar, 
 
 Mexican Dollar, 
 
 Spanish Dollar, 
 
 Domestic and Foreign Mutilated Silver,'^ 
 
 Prussian Thalers, 
 
 Five Francs, 
 
 English Silver, per £. 
 
 American Silver, halves and [quarters. 
 
 American Silver, dimes. 
 
 Canada Silver. 
 
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THE PRESTON NATIONAL BANK 
 
 OF DETROIT. 
 
 Capital, - $1,000,000 
 
 FOREIGN EXCHANGE. 
 
 This bank has its own accounts in London, Paris, Berlin, 
 Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Vienna, Amsterdam, Stockhohn, Rome, 
 and other important points, and is always prepared to quote the 
 highest buying and lowest selling rates for foreign bills in large 
 or small amounts. 
 
 TRAVELERS' LETTERS OF CREDIT. 
 
 This bank issues its own Letters of Credit for travelers, avail- 
 able in all parts of the world. These letters have been used by a 
 large number of ^Michigan people with great satisfaction. They 
 are issued immediately, and those who contemplate a foreign trip 
 can obtain them at any time during business hours. 
 
 COMMERCIAL LETTERS OF CREDIT. 
 
 This bank is prepared to issue its own Commercial Letters of 
 Credit, by which merchants and others who desire to buy in 
 foreign markets are enabled to obtain the necessary credit with 
 manufacturers, jobbers and commission houses. Full informa- 
 tion will be given those interested upon application. 
 
Commercial Accounts. 
 
 DETROIT, MICHIGAN. 
 CAPITAL, - $1,000,000. 
 
 This Bank receives the accounts of Mercantile and Commercial 
 Houses, Man\ifacturing Establishments, Private Individuals and 
 Firms, in accordance with the prevailing custom of similar estab- 
 lishments; 
 
 Receives on Deposit, without Discount, checks and drafts 
 on the principal Cities of the country, and Important places in 
 Michigan and other States; 
 
 Discounts Approved Commercial Paper, and Loans Money 
 on satisfactory names or collaterals, at market rates; 
 
 Bdys and Sells Foreign Exchange in large or small amounts. 
 Having our own accounts in London, Paris, Berlin and other foreign 
 money centres, we can pay the highest rates and quote the lowest 
 selling prices for Bankers' Bills and Commercial Drafts drawn on 
 foreign countries. 
 
 With a representative Board of Directors of good business judg- 
 ment, thoroughly familiar with the methods of conducting business, 
 the needs of those keeping commercial accounts with us have care- 
 ful, intelligent and prompt consideration, and when not inconsistent 
 with prudent principles of banking, are cheerfully supplied. 
 
 It is the desire of the management to make the Bank an import- 
 ant and successful factor in the healthy development of the com- 
 merce and manufactures of Detroit and Michigan, and thereby 
 promote the Bank's interests as well as the general prosperity. 
 
 For ordinary and special accounts satisfactory terms will be 
 given upon application. 
 
 Correspondence and Personal Interviews invited. 
 
 F. W. HAYES, Vice-President. 
 
ACCOUNTS FOR WOMEN. 
 
 THE! 
 
 '^mion '/ ^a<io#al V ^omk 
 
 DETROIT, MICH. 
 
 Ccupital, - $1,000,000. 
 
 IT 1ms come to be quite a general custom for men of means to 
 place an allowance in the hands of their wives for the 
 purpose of defraying the family expenses, and this method has 
 created a demand for banking accommodations and facilities for 
 women. The Preston Bank has a number of such accounts, and 
 extends every needed facility for the transaction of business of 
 this sort. 
 
 The keeping of a bank account obviates the necessity of carr}^- 
 ing money in the pocket, or the having it in the house, and, of 
 coiu-se, the danger of loss is greatlj' lessened. The payment of 
 bills by checks practically secures a double receipt, as a check 
 made payable to the order of the person to whom the money is 
 due must l)e endorsed before the bank will pay it, 
 
 AVidows and women having separate estates, desiring to transact 
 their own tinancial business, will be afforded every convenience of 
 our several departments, and assistance cheerfully rendered in the 
 buying and selling of investment securities. Information upon 
 subjects of business, value of stocks, bonds, securities, ifcc, will 
 be given upon application by letter or in person. 
 
S PECIAL A CCOUNT S. 
 
 CAPITALISTS, 
 
 TRUSTEES, 
 
 EXECUTORS, 
 ADMINISTRATORS, 
 
 GUARDIANS, 
 
 AGENTS and Others, 
 
 Having funds in their possessions for investment or safe keeping, 
 or awailing the happening of certain events, such as the 
 determination of legal questions, can make favor- 
 able arrangeinenis with this Bank for 
 special accounts, on which 
 
 PROPER RATES OF INTEREST WILL BE ALLOWED, 
 
 On conditions of withdrawal to he agreed U2)on. 
 
 This feature of our business is conducted upon the plans pur- 
 sued ))y the large English banks — jilans which centuries of 
 experience have developed and proved to be of the most ach^antage 
 both to the depositor and to the banks. 
 
CANADA CURRENCY. 
 
 We buy Dominion Notes and Notes of the following: Banks at 
 current rates : — 
 
 Bank of Montreal. 
 
 Bank of Ottawa. 
 
 Bank of British North America. 
 
 (Counterfeit .j's and lO's in circulation.) 
 Bank of Toronto. 
 Bank of Hamihon. 
 Bank Yille Marie. 
 Banque de St. Jean. 
 Canadian Bank of Commerce. 
 
 (Counterfeit .=i's Queen Victoria's vig- 
 nette, in circulation.) 
 
 Dominion Bank. 
 
 (Counterfeit 4s in circulation ; 4's with 
 chocolate back are good.) 
 
 Dominion of Canada. 
 
 (Counterfeit I's aod '^'s, and altered I's, 
 in circulation.) 
 
 Traders" Bank. 
 
 Imperial Bank. 
 
 La Banque de Hochelaga. 
 
 La Banque du Peuple. 
 
 La Banque Nationale. 
 
 La Banque Jacques Cartier. 
 
 La Banque Hyacinthe. 
 
 Merchants" Bank. 
 
 3Iolson"s Bank. 
 
 Ontario Bank. 
 
 (Counterfeit lO's in circulation.) 
 
 Quebec Bank. 
 
 Standard Bank. 
 
 fnion Bank of Lower Canada. 
 
 Western Bank of Canada. 
 
 Notes of the following Banks in the L-ower Provinces are sub- 
 ject to from 3 to 5 per cent, larger discount than those in the 
 above list :— 
 
 Bank of Nova Scotia. 
 Bank of New Brunswick. 
 Commercial Bank of Windsor. Nova 
 Bank of Yarmouth. [Scotia. 
 
 Exchange Bank of Yarmouth. 
 Maritime Bank of Canada. 
 Hahfax Banking Companj'. 
 Merchants' Bank of Hahfax. 
 Bank of British Columbia. 
 
 Commercial Bank of 3Ianitoba. 
 People"s Bank of Halifax. 
 People's Bank of New Brtmswick. 
 3Ierchants" Bank of Prince Edward's 
 St. Stephen"s Bank. [Island. 
 
 Union Bank of Halifax. 
 Union B"k of Prince Edward"s Island. 
 Summerside Bank of Prince Edwards 
 Eastern Townships Bank. [Island. 
 
 The following Banks have failed or gone out of existence, and 
 their notes are now of no known commercial value : — 
 
 Metropolitan Bank. 
 *Stadacona Bank. 
 
 Bank of CUf ton. 
 
 Mechanics" Bank of St. Johns. 
 
 Mechanics" Bank of Montreal. 
 
 Bank of Western Canada. 
 
 Colonial Bank of Canada. 
 
 Bank of Liverpool. Nova Scotia. 
 
 Bank of Acadia. Nova Scotia. 
 *City Bank. 
 *Bank of London. 
 
 Bank of Brantford, Canada. 
 
 *Bank of Prince Edward"s Island. 
 
 Zimmerman's Bank. 
 
 International Bank. 
 
 Farmer"s Bank of Rustico. 
 
 Royal Canadian Bank. 
 *Bank of L^pper Canada. 
 *Consolidated Bank. 
 ♦Exchange Bank of 3Iontreal. 
 
 Westmoreland Bank. New Bruns- 
 
 Central Bank of Canada. [wick. 
 
 Federal Bank. 
 
 Pictou Bank. 
 
 *The affairs of these Banks are in a state of liquidation at present, nnd until they are 
 finally settled and closed up, quota'ions cannot be given. We will take them for collec- 
 tion, and remit after sale has been made. 
 
The Fidelity Loan & Trust Co., 
 
 CAMPAU BUILDING, 
 
 67 and 69 Grisv/old Street, 
 
 Are you the owner of Liife or Fire Insurance Policies, Notes, 
 Receipts, Deeds, Moi*tg;ag;es, Real Estate Abstracts, Leases, 
 Contracts, United States Bonds, Railroad or other Stocks and 
 Bonds, or any other extra valuable papers of any description, requir- 
 ing protection against fire and thieves? 
 
 Have you Silver Plate, Diamonds, Jewelry, fine Paintings, or 
 other works of Art, Laces, or any other valuable property not in 
 every day use, which is liable to be stolen or consumed by fire at your 
 residence :' 
 
 Do you expect to be absent from the city during the coming sum- 
 mer, thus leaving your surplus wearing apparel, etc., at the mercy of 
 sneak thieves and burglars ? 
 
 Do you keep a bank account, or are you in the habit of keeping your 
 money in some insecure place at your residence or place of business, 
 where it is liable to be burned or stolen ? 
 
 If so, you are respectfully invited to call and examine the Safe Deposit 
 Vaults of this Company in the Campau Building, 67 and 69 Griswold Street. 
 
 These Vaidts consist of one principal Steel Vault or Strong Room, 
 Avhich has a capacity of three thousand boxes or safes, ranging from $5 to 
 S50 per annum: also a Storage Vault for the safe keeping of Silver Plate, 
 Paintings, trunks, boxes, etc., containing Wearing Apparel, Laces, 
 and other valuable property requiring protection against fire or 
 burglars. 
 
 Every precaution and appliance known to modern mechanical skill has 
 been used in the construction of these Vaults, to render them absolutely 
 fire and burglar proof, and the result is a Safe Depositor}^ unrivalled 
 in this country. 
 
 These Vaults are not only absolutely safe as regards fire and burglars, 
 but they are also the most commodious, the best lighted and the most 
 thoroughly ventilated of any Vaults in this city. 
 
 Special accommodations have been provided for ladies who 
 may desire to become patrons of the Company, where they can secure the 
 most complete privacy while examining their deposits. 
 
 The Manager and his assistants will be pleased to extend every coui'tesy 
 i n their power to anyone desiring to inspect these Vaults. 
 
 Office hours from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. 
 
DETROIT, MICH 
 
 IS pioywsijo 69 ^ Z9 
 
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