®) ^&&&. m/v?,^- Jmm. NE.W-YO K K Kfr^BSSfc// THE ft AND U % Utatate' #uide. jug* v WRITTEN, ARRANGED AND COMPILED I rl wL-^i FRONT A^THiENiTliO SOURCES. kr* f? 34 fe PRESENTED By HENRY LEVY 49 MAIDEN LANE, NEW -YORK. 1859. m "A m &JP 2fe. ; X' SsU 3. r -EY. 49 M A. I D E N" JL-A-ISTE, IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN STATIONERY, PINE TOILET .A. E. T I C LE S , Combs and Brushes f EMBRACING A. Full .Assortment of Articles IN THI3 LINE, Adapted to the Wants of a First-Class Trade. *r STREET V THE NEW-YORK HAND BOOK, AND MERCHANTS' GUIDE. BEING A RELIABLE DIRECTORY, FOR VISITING MERCHANTS, TO THE PROMINENT OBJECTS OF INTEREST IN NEW-YORK. WRITTEN, ARRANGED AND COMPILED 4- Sxom &uil)entic Sources. y* PRESENTED BY HENRY LEVY 49 MAIDEN LANE, NEW-YORK. 18.59. 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IMPORTED BY HENRY LEVY, -4iir^^>-. c- » PAPER KOTYES AND READING HOOKS, IN WOOD, BONE, IVOE.Y, AND PEARL. Ivory and Pearl Tablets, from 21 to 4 inches. ^Portfolios a\xb ^Tourists' Companions, IN LEATHER, PAPIER-MACHE, &c. ME PL^S U]LT&& &PCB P&PiTiR[i BE§&§ B PORTABLE "WRITING DESKS, IN MAHOGANY, ROSEWOOD, AND EBONY. FOR THE POCKET, ESCRITOIRE, OFFICE, AND DRAWING ROOM. PAPER WEIGHTS, PEN HOLDERS, PEN RACKS, SAND BOXES, AND A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF OFFICE AND DESK FURNITURE. WATER COLORS, BY THE CARE, OR IN BOXES COMPLETE. MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, IN CASES, ETC. COMPASSES AND DRAWING INSTRUMENTS. tlBtll £&iii» 11 till AND VARIOUS PATENTED STYLES. CAMEL HAIR PENCILS, COPYING BRUSHES, MUCILAGE, &c. ., and Exchange Place. (See p. 14.) Methodist Book Concern. 200 Mulberry. Mercantile Library, Clinton Hall, Astor Place. Missionary Society of M. E. Church, 200 Mulberry street. Nursery for Poor Children, 223 Sixth av. New Court House, at the northeast corner of the Park. (See p. 16.) New-York Hospital, Broadway, occupies most of the block between Worth and Duane streets. (See p. 17.) New-York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, Bible House. Astor Place. New- York Bible Society, 7 Beekman. New-York Bible and Common Prayer Book So'ciety, 55 East Thirteenth street. New-York City Temperance Alliance, 114 Grand street. New-York City Tract Society, Nassau, cor. Spruce. New-York City Sunday-School of M. E. Church, 200 Mulberry. New-York Historical Society, cor. Second avenue and East Eleventh street. New-York Marine Bible Society, 80 Wall. New-York Port Society for Promotion of the Gospel among Seamen, 80 Wall. New-York Sunday-Sch'l Union, 375 Broad- way. New-York Typographical Society, 3 Cham- bers street. New-York University, Wooster st., corner Waverley Place. (See p. 19.) New-York Woman's Hospital, 83 Madison avenue. New-York Young Men's Christian Associa- tion. Clinton Hall, Astor Place. New-York Orphan Asylum, Bloorningdale and Seventy-first street. Penitentiary" Blackwell's Island. Presbyterian Bomestic Mission Society, 23 Centre. Pre>byterian Education Society, 23 Centre. Presbvterian Foreign Mission Society, 23 Centre. Presbyterian Publication Soc, 23 Centre. Prison Association of New-York, 15 Centre. Protestant Episcopal Bomestic Mission Society, Bible House, Astor Place. Protestant Episcopal Foreign Mission So- ciety. Bible House, Astor Place. Protestant Episcopal Sunday-School and Church Book Society, 637 Broadway. Protestant Episcopal Tract Society, 55 East Thirteenth street. Protestant Half Orphan Asylum, 142 Sixth avenue. Public School Society, Grand c. Elm. Roman Catholic Half Orphan Asylum, Mott c. Prince. Rotunda, near the northeast corner of the Park. (See p. 16.) Rutgers Female Institute, 244 Madison. Sailors' Home. 190 Cherry. Sailors' Snug Harbor. Office. 115 Wall. Seventh Bay Baptist Mission Society, 9 Spruce. Stuyvesant Institute. 059 Broadway. Surrogate's Office, N. Y. Times Building. Tract Soc. of Methodist Episcopal Church, 200 Mulberry. Trinity Church, Broadway. (See p. 13.) Union Theological Seminary, 9 University Place. (See p. 20.) ■""' i^' NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. Mr. Smith, a resident historian, writing about the middle of the last century, gives the following account of the city and of its inhabitants : — " The city of New-York consists of about two thousand five hundred buildings. It is a mile in length, and not above half that in breadth. Such is its figure, its centre of business, and the situation of the houses, that the mean cartage from one part to another does not exceed a quarter of a mile. It is thought to be as healthy a spot as any in the world." A writer of recent date thus briefly, but forcibly, refers to this metropolis — the great point of centralization for the enterprise of the entire continent. It is " the centre from which radiates most of what constitutes the prosperity and glory of the country, and to which it is directed, as the threads which comprise the spider's web all tend to the nucleus in its middle. The commerce, the learning, the scientific knowledge concentra- ted here — nay. the very geographical position of New-York, with its two water ap- proaches opening into the ocean, covered with a net-work of steamships — the two mag- nificent rivers which encircle it, the railroads which converge in its very heart, all tend to make it the centre of civilization on the American continent." It now occupies the entire island from the Battery to the Harlem river, about fourteen miles in extent, or an area of nearly twenty-three square miles. In 1850 upward of three thousand buildings were erected. During subsequent years the ratio has been much greater, while the edifices exhibit the most lavish expenditure ; all tending to prove the fact that New-York does business on a large scale. One of its latest and grandest enter- prises is THE GREAT CENTRAL PARK, the lands of which came into the possession of the city in February, 1856. Description of the Ground. — The tract comprises at present 773 acres, including about 142 acres belonging to the Croton Aqueduct Department; and it contains, besides streets and avenues, about 8,000 lots (25 x-100). Its cost was $5,444,369 90, of which sum $1,657,590 was assessed on adjoining property, leaving $3,786,779 to be paid by the city, the money being borrowed on five per cent, stock, payable in 1898. This is believed to have been the largest sum ever expended in the purchase of land for a public park. 1* 10 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. The park, as its name implies, lies in the geographical centre of New-York Island, heing about five miles from the Battery and from King's Bridge, and about three quarters of a mile from the East river and from the North river. It is about two and a half miles long, and half a mile wide, being long and narrow in form, as compared with other parks of equal size. The narrow limits of this work utterly exclude the possibility of giving a detailed description of this magnificent enterprise ; we, therefore, content ourselves by extract- ing from the celebrated manual of Mr. Valentine, the following general view : " The most important improvement now being made in the city, is the regulation of the Central Park, which is situated very nearly in the geographical centre of the island, and comprises 773 acres, bounded by Fifty-ninth street, Fifth Avenue, 106th street, and Eighth avenue. It is proposed to extend it to 110th street, in order to secure the very beautiful northern slope of a large hill, which lies mainly within the park. This ex- tension will increase its size to about S40 acres. The receiving Croton reservoir, and the new reservoir (now under construction) lie within the park, near its centre. The Central Park is to be, in all respects, as-well adapted as is possible to the recreative wants of the people of the city ; rich and poor, old and 3-oung, strong and weak, will here find common ground ; and the arrangement of the various parts will be such as to afford the largest facilities for individual enjoyment, without interference from, or inter- fering with, those of different tastes. Pedestrians may roam at pleasure over twenty- five miles of walks, some fashionable and much frequented, others retired and quiet ; or over hundreds of acres of lawn, woodland and meadow. In their walks they may obtain any desirable observation of equipages and equestrians without once having to cross their track on the same level, or they may entirely seclude themselves, not only from the sight, but from the sound of vehicles. Riders on horseback may join the throng on the carriage-roads, or may confine their peregrinations to five miles of bridle road, on which no vehicle will be admitted. Nearly two miles of this ride will be about the new reservoir, where it is proposed to contrive for equestrians a level road forty feet in width. For carriages there will be nearly eight miles of broad, well-made roadway, affording, in its course, a view of nearly every object of interest in the Park, but nowhere crossing on the same level, a foot path of importance, or any portion of the bridle road. The main entrance to the Park will be at the corner of Fifth avenue and Fifty-ninth street, and there will be minor entrances at Seventh avenue — at either end of the Park — and at convenient points along Fifth and Eighth avenues. For the accommodation of business travel across the Park, there will be provided four trans- verse roads, so arranged as to pass under elevated portions of the roadways, and to afford a direct thoroughfare across the Park, without obstructing or being obstructed by pleasure travel. The prominent feature of the Park will be a grand mall, one quar- ter of a mile in length, and two hundred feet in width, having a broad walk in ita NEW- YORK HAND-BOOK. 11 41 centre, and four rows of elm trees extending through its entire length. This mall will be approached at its southern end by a vestibule or lawn, ornamented with statuary, and it will terminate at its northern extremity in a richly decorated water terrace and foun- tain. At the foot of the terrace is the principal pond of the Park, containing nearly twenty acres of water, and skirting the Ramble — a rural promenading district south of the receiving reservoir. It was this pond which was filled for the benefit of skaters during the past winter." Further and general information respecting the general features of the Park may be obtained, from an admirable pamphlet published by Messrs. A. 0. Moore & Co., and entitled a " Guide to the Central Park," from which we extract the following HOW TO SEE THE PARK — CITY OARS. The Park may be reached by the Third, Sixth, and Eighth avenue railroads. The ■Third avenue cars run from the Astor House, via the Bowery and Third avenue, to Ninety-second street. It is intended to continue this line to Harlem — One Hundred and Thirtieth street — by the middle of July ; at present the continuation from Ninety- second street to Harlem is by stages. This line runs parallel to the park, two blocks distant, for its entire length, and affords the best accommodations for visiting those parts which are now most interesting. Passengers may leave the cars at the depot (Sixty -fifth street) , and walk across Hamilton square and a partially open street, to the Fifth avenue, entering the park at the Arsenal gate or at Sixty-seventh street, the route across being tolerable in dry weather ; at Seventy-first street, which is open to a very favorable point of entrance ; at Seventy-ninth street, on the upper side of which there is a good side-walk, to the Superintendents' offices ; at Eighty-sixth street, which is flagged to the park, crossing it between the reservoirs ; or at One Hundred and Ninth street, which is open to the park near its northern boundary. These cars run every two and a half minutes, each alternate car (marked over the front, " Yorkville direct,") running through to Ninety-second street, and the others only to Sixty-fifth street. The stages leave for Harlem every eight minutes. The fare to Sixty-fifth street is five cents; to any point between there and Ninety-second street, six cents ; and to any point abovo Ninety-second street, ten cents. The time from the Astor House to Sixty-fifth street ia forty-eight minutes ; to Seventy-ninth street, fifty-four minutes ; and to Ninety-second street, sixty minutes. From Canal street it is eleven minutes less than from the Astor House, and from Fourteenth street, twenty-five minutes less. The Sixth avenue cars run from the Astor House, and from Broadway and Canal street via Yarick street, etc., and the Sixth avenue, to Fifty-ninth street, the lower boundary of the park. After leaving the cars, turn to the left, and enter at the first or second 12 ^ NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. stile. The first leads to a high mass of rock, whence may be had a good view of that part of the park ; and the second, by the easiest route to the drive. The Eighth avenue cars start from the same points as the Sixth, and pass, via Hudson street, etc., to the Eighth avenue, on which they run to Forty-ninth street, whence passengers may walk, a half mile, to the park, or until they meet, at Fifty-first street (which they may, or may not) , a small car, that runs to and from Fifty-ninth street. From the terminus of this line, one may turn to the right, and enter at the Seventh avenue gate, or continue up the Eighth avenue to the Sixty-second street gate. The fare on both of these roads is five cents, for any distance, and the cars run at frequent intervals. We now proceed to point out some of the leading objects of interest in New-York, taking occasion to refer the reader to many new and interesting details, to be found in the following admirably arranged and beautifully illustrated Hand-Books, " New-York in a Nutshell, or Visitor's Hand-Book to the City," by T. W. Strong ; Neilson & Son's " City of New- York, and its Neighborhood ;" and Horn's "Great Metropolis," from which, by permission, we make a few extracts. THE BATTERY. At the southern end of the city, fronting on the bay, may be seen the Battery. It is in the form of a crescent, and has been laid out, at the public expense, in a manner which has greatly added to its beauty and its general attraction as a pleasure-ground. It is planted with trees and laid out with gravel walks ; it. is embanked and fenced in front, and surrounded with an if on railing ; in the heat of summer it is tempered by the cooling sea-breeze, and looks out on the splendid bay, with its manifold objects of life and beauty : so that, altogether, it would be difficult to imagine a promenade more beautiful or more salubrious. Connected with the Battery is Castle Garden. Originally a fortification, it was subsequently let on lease as a place of public amusement. It is probably the largest audience-room in the world, being capable of holding upward of 15,000 people. It was the scene of Jenny Lind's first appearance in America. Now. how- ever, it has passed from the region of the assthetics into that of the useful, being at present in the hands of the Emigrant Office, and employed in connection with the land- ing of stranger populations. Close to the Battery, at the commencement of Broadway, is THE BOWLING GREEN, So called from having been used as such by the British previous to the Revolution. At that time it was ornamented by a leaden equestrian statue of George III., which the CUSTOM HOUSE NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 13 excited populace, however, on the breaking out of the war for Independence, in their patriotic zeal, demolished, and applied the material of which it was composed to prac- tical use, by converting it into musket balls. TRINITY CHURCH, Which has been pronounced the most elegant church in the city, is situated in Broadway, opposite Wall street, and is the most important sacred edifice of Episcopalian connection in New-York. It is remarkable for the changes which have passed over it in various respects — having been enlarged and re-enlarged — then destroyed by fire — re-built on the same site — taken down, and finally erected again as it now stands, in 1846. Its cost is stated at $400,000. Its tower and steeple, at the east end, are exceedingly symmetrical and imposing, rising to an elevation of 264 feet, and affording the best point from which to obtain a general view of New-York and its surroundings. Access to this can be readily obtained ; and the small gratuity to the porter for guidance, as well as the fatigue of the ascent, are far more than repaid by the splendor of the view, when the prop- er stand-point is obtained. Looking southward, the eye ranges over the magnificent bay, with its twenty-five miles of circumference, which has been described as " one of the safest and easiest of access in the world," opening into the ocean at the famous gateway of the " Narrows," eight miles from the city. This prospect comprehends the Hudson on the right, the East River on the left, and the various islands, to which reference will be here- after made. Then turning the eye in a northerly direction, he commands the city itself in its general configuration and its more prominent features. The observer here obtains a correct idea of the natural advantages which have made New York the commercial emporium of the western world. Situated in Nassau street, between Cedar and Liberty streets, is a building of equal public importance, namely, THE POST-OFFICE Formerly the Middle Dutch Church. At a time — namely, during the war of the Revolu- tion — when most of the churches were turned to military use by the British, this one sustained the greatest injuries ; which more or less, however, fell upon all. In 1790 it received such repairs as fitted it again for public worship ; but it was afterward secured by the Government, and devoted ts its present use, — that of a post-office. Its internal arrangements are extensive, and well adapted to the objects of its present application — the Postmaster's room, it may be noticed, being in such a situation as to command a view of all that is going on in the building. Its steeple and the greater part of the wood-work of the interior are said to have been imported from Holland. The United 43tates government pay a large rent for the premises 14 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE Occupies the entire block of ground between Wall, "William, and Hanover streets, and Exchange Place, on the site occupied by the former Exchange building, destroyed by fire in 1835. It is built of Quincy granite, in the most substantial manner, and is fire-proof throughout, no wood having entered into its construction. It is 200 feet long, by 171 to 144 feet wide, and 124 to the top of the dome. Fronting on Wall street, there is a recessed portico, in which are 18 Grecian columns, 38 feet high, and 4X feet in diameter at their base. Each is formed from a single block, and weighs from 44 to 45 tons ; their entire cost was $55,000. The rotunda, the principal room, is in the centre of the build- ing ; it is 80 feet in diameter, and its height is the same. It is surmounted by a dome, in which there is a large skylight rising from the centre, resting in part on eight fluted Corinthian columns of Italian marble, forty-one feet high, and five feet in diameter. Whole cost, including ground, $1,500,000. Open daily, free to visitors, from 8 A. M, to 5 P. M. CUSTOM-HOUSE. This building, on the corner of Wall and Nassau streets, extends through to Pine street. It stands where once stood the old Federal Hall, in the open gallery of which General Washington was inaugurated first President of the United States. The principal material is white marble, from Massachusetts. The style of architecture is pureiy Doric in imitation of the Parthenon at Athens The building is in the form of a parallelogram, 200 feet long, and 90 wide ; the height is 80 feet. Fronting on Wall-street is a portico, with eight Doric columns, 32 feet high, and 5 feet 10 inches in diameter. * The rotunda, or principal hall for the transaction of business, is 60 feet in diameter, lighted by a skylight from the top. The dome is supported by sixteen Corinthian columns, adorned with caps of exquisite workmanship. The roof is of granite. The whole was eight years in building, at a cost of nearly $2,000,000. Visitors can have access from 10 A. M. to 3 P. M. ASSAY OFFICE. The United States Assay Ofllce is situated one door below the Custom-House, at No. 30 Wall street. The building is a shabby -looking affair, and gives one the idea of a nig- gardly miser hoarding his gold. Here gold and silver, as it comes from the mint, is melted and refined. Gold and silver bullion, in amounts of not less than one hundred dollars, are received on deposit, and returns .made in" coins or stamped bars, at the owner's option. Visitors, who wish to view the operations of the office, o,re admitted on Wednesdays, between the hours of 10 and 12 M. HANTS' EXCHANGE CITY HALL NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 15 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. St. Paul's Church, in Broadway, between Fulton and Vesey streets, is remarkable as differing from other churches, in having its spire at the end farthest from the street. It is also one of the oldest churches of the city. It was here Washington worshipped when in New-York. On the front wall of the church, and partially inserted in it, there is a monument to General Montgomery, who fell, gloriously fighting, at Quebec, and whose remains are here deposited. The pews are free to strangers. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM. Directly opposite, and in contrast with the dingy hue of St. Paul's, is the American Museum, generally known as Barnum's, situated on Broadway and Ann street. It is six stories high, built of a white stone resembling marble. The Museum seems to have lost nothing of efficient management under its present proprietor, Mr. Green- wood, who succeeds its former proprietor ; and for rational and innocent amusement, combined with lessons in natural history, to be learned from its vast array of speci- mens, the Museum cannot be too highly commended. THE CITY HALL. The City Hall (which has recently suffered severely from fire) has been regarded as one of the finest specimens of architectural beauty of any building in the city, and, with the exception of the Capitol, at Washington, second to none in the country. It stands in a beautiful park, between Broadway and Park Row, and shows to great ad van tage. It is 216 feet long, 105 broad, and 65 feet high, and combines the Ionic, Corinth- ian, and Composite orders of architecture, rising in regular gradations. The front and ends, from the basement, are built of white marble, from Stockbridge, Massachu- setts ; the rear of free-stone from New-York. In the cupola, which overlooked a large part of the city, a sentinel was stationed, whose business it was to give alarm in case of fire. On the top of this cupola was a figure of Justice. A little beneath was a four-dial clock, illuminated at night. In the rear of the Hall, a tower has been erected, since the destruction of the cupola by fire, in which is placed the massive bell, weighing 9,910 pounds, and which is tolled only in case of fire, or at the funeral of an officer of government. Its deep tones can be heard for several miles. This building contains a large number of rooms, which are used for various purposes. In the basement are the police court, rooms for the sheriff's jury, &c On the first floor of the building is the mayor's office, the county clerk's office, city library, clerk of the common council, &c. Ascending by a winding flight of stairs to the second story, we find the governor's room, 52 by 20 feet. This is principally used for the reception of distinguished visitors. It is decorated with the finest portraits of 16 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. the presidents of the United Statss, governors of the state, and mayors of the city, together with the naval and military heroes, and most honored statesmen of our country. Here may he seen the writing-desk of Washington, upon which he penned his first message to Congress. In the wings are the common council chambers for the aldermen and" assistant aldermen. The aldermen's is furnished with the chairs used by the first Congress, and the one occupied by the mayor is that in which the immor- tal Washington was inaugurated first President of the United States. The other rooms are used for various courts. The edifice was nine years in building, and cost $538,734. Open for visitors at all hours of the day. ' HALL OF RECORDS. This building is situated in the Park, a short distance northeast of the City Hall. It was built of coarse brown stone, and used as a city prison. During the prevalence of the cholera in 1832, it was converted into an hospital. Since that time the interior has been thoroughly remodelled and made fireproof, the exterior stuccoed in imita- tion of marble, and a portico, supported by four Ionic pillars, added to each end, giv- ing it a neat and graceful appearance. It now contains the county clerk's office, in which the records of the city are kept; also, offices for the comptroller and tho street commissioner. This was the old provost jail of New-York, where the noto- rious Cunningham exercised his cruel authority over the American prisoners captured at the battle of Long Island, Port Washington, and elsewhere; and from its walls that young martyr, Captain Nathan Hale, was led out to execution on the gallows which stood in Chambers street, opposite the Park. THE NEW COURT-HOUSE, northeast corner of the Park, is a splendid fireproof brown stone building, 105 long by 72 feet wide, three stories in height on the Park, and four on Chambers street, occupied by the Supreme, Superior, and Marine Courts, the Court of Sessions, Recorder, City Judge, District Attorney, Tax Commissioners, and Collector of Taxes. At the northeast corner of the Park another stone building has been erected, 70 feet long by 55 wide, which is occupied by fire and hose companies on the first floor. The upper part is used for the Fourth and Sixth Ward Courts, and for other public purposes. THE ROTUNDA. This edifice, of circular form, with a large donie, stands near the northeast corner of the Park. It was erected in lS18 t by John Yanderlyn, the eminent painter, for the purpose of exhibiting pictures. When Mr. Yanderlyn took up his residence in Europe, it was devoted to other purposes than that of art. It was occupied by the Marine Court, then by the City Post Ofiice, and now is devoted to the use of the Cro« ton water department and the governors of the almshouse. TRINITY CHURCH NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 17 NEW -YORK HOSPITAL, situated between Duane and Worth streets, is a most important benevolent institu- tion, of -which, indeed, there is a goodly number in New-York. It dates back to 1771 when it was founded by the Earl of Dunmore, who was at that time governor of the colony. The accommodation for patients, which of late years has been greatly en- larged, is very extensive, and excellent in every respect. It is a receptacle in cases of sudden accidents. It is not altogether gratuitous ; but, to such as are able to pay a little, it offers most important advantages — four dollars a week commanding the best medical attendance, besides nursing and medicine. The students, too, have tho benefit, for a small annual fee, of accompanying the surgeons in their rounds. HALLS OF JUSTICE AND CITY PRISON. These cover the block of ground bounded by Centre, Leonard. Elm, and Franklin streets — fronting on Centre. The main building is the only one in the Egyptian order of architecture in the city. It is built of granite from the State of Maine, and is 253 by 200 feet. It is in the form of a hollow square. The court-rooms are in front, and the prison, called the " Tombs," in the centre.- The prison is 142 feet long by 44 wide, and contains 173 cells for prisoners. There is also a wing from the main build- ing, used, in part, as a female prison, under the superintendence of a matron. The other part is for domestic purposes. In all, the prison is capable of accommodating about three hundred prisoners. The Police Court is daily in session, in the north- east corner of the main building. Here also is stationed, at all times, a strong posse of police, ready for duty. It is open for visitors daily, from 10 o'clock, A. M., to 3, P. M. The friends of prisoners are allowed to visit them daily. OLD ARSENAL, OR CITY ARMORY, stands immediately beyond the Halls of Justice and City Prison, at the corner of White and Elm streets. Besides a drill-room it contains a depository for arms and other trophies, taken from the British in the war of the Revolution. ACADEMY OF MUSIC, OR ITALIAN OPERA HOUSE, Is situated on the corner of Fourteenth-street and Irving Place. This building is on a very great scale, being 204 feet in length, about 120 in width, and covering an area of 24,020 square feet, and is capable of accommodating 5,000 persons. The interior decorations are remarkably fine — sculpture, painting, and architecture, all working together to produce the most pleasing effect. The cost, including site, was about three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 18 NEW- YORK HAND-BOOK. THE COOPER UNION, the fruits of the munificence of a most exemplary citizen of New-York, Mr. Peter Cooper, who has given 300,000 dollars for the founding of this institution. Its object is the moral, mental, and physical improvement of youth. It contains, among other provisions, a spacious lecture-room and an observatory. There are in connection with it free courses of lectures, a free library, rooms for debating and other societies. Opposite the Cooj>er Union is the NEW BIBLE HOUSE, one of the most extensive buildings in the city. It occupies the entire area between Third and Fourth Avenues, on the east and west, and Eighth and Ninth streets, on the south and north. Its principal entrance is on Fourth Avenue. Besides the print- ing rooms and other offices of the American Bible Society, there are apartments in it which are occupied by numerous other religious and benevolent organizations. COLUMBIA COLLEGE is in Fiftieth-street, having been lately removed from Park Place, far down the city. George H. chartered it by the name of King's College, in 1754 — which charter, wifh necessary alterations, was confirmed by the New-York Legislature in 1787. Its staff of teachers consists of a president and ten professors ; its attendance of students is about 150; and its libraries number upward of 16,000 volumes. Its teaching ma- chinery is still further supplemented by a grammar school attached, and presided over by a professor as rector. The building is extensive, and furnishes accommoda- tion for the professors and their families. Proceeding northward, we reach THE ARSENAL, oetween Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth streets; a spacious and imposing building, 200 feet in front, exclusive of the towers, and fifty feet deep. The cost of this structure was 30,000 dollars. Its location is now embraced in the Central Park, and the build- ing will in future be used for offices, &c, connected with the supervision of the Park It is about four and a quarter miles from the City Hall. By the Harlem Railroad, or by a hired carriage, we may be conveyed to the locality of one of the most remarkable objects connected with New-York— the High Bridge, thrown across the Harlem river as part of the great ij|jT||||||j|i!ir ;^j;]| u<-'* , &iJi&%WMWBMBNlM\V' ! " "'iHlllllllllllilirai 1; ' j liH oBpB; ; f)!luHI || J || II 11 1 I ! 1 iMm M -za^aSlmSun 111 1 ll .' i : : ';' :|11III'IIwBCT 1 Ml 11 11 l«^PII:ll ,|!l ■ '' fPfHUiiil.!!'^'!.' 1 '■''I 1 1! offllliawK flllf J' ■TIKI Iff 1 Hi 1 Sf''Bffi'r 1 ™' ^TTp 5ara«i;i > re.| . ,111! ' ■ '■ ' • -wf« ^il'.ii mef ( : ; jBK!li#; . W 1 lli Ii 1 1 111 S B3HK ^SBf- l u » Sill fill lli lilliii 1 a$mw IlS!!ll!llli JtMrnam NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 19 CROTON AQUEDUCT, by which the city is supplied with water. This aqueduct is one of the most gigantic of the kind in any country. The distance which the water travels through this arti- ficial channel, exclusive of the grand reservoir, which is five miles long, is forty and a half miles. The dam crosses the Croton river six miles from its mouth, and the whole distance from this dam (thirty-two miles) is one unbroken, under-ground canal, formed of stone and brick. The great receiving reservoir, as well as the new reservoir, now under construction, lie, as before remarked, within the limits of the Central Park, five miles from tbe City Hall. The former can receive a depth of water to the extent of twenty feet, and is capable of containing 150,000,000 gallons. Two miles farther down is the distributing reservoir, at Murray Hill. This reservoir is of solid masonry, with hollow granite walls. It is three miles from the City Hall. The cost of this immense undertaking was over thirteen millions of dollars. Eight miles from the City Hall is the important structure just referred to THE HIGH BRIDGE. This bridge is thrown across the whole width of the Harlem valley and river at a point where the latter is 620 feet wide, and the former a quarter of a mile. Eight arches, each with a span of 80 feet, compose this structure ; and tbe elevation of the arches gives 100 feet clear of the river from their lower side. Besides these, there are several other arches rising from the ground, the span of which is somewhat more than half that of the first-mentioned. The material employed throughout the whole of this imposing object is granite. The water is led over this bridge, which is 1450 feet in extent, in iron pipes; and over all is a pathway, which, though wide enough for carriages, is available to pedestrians only. The fare by a carriage, allow- ing passengers to remain two or three hours at the bridge, is five dollars ; or by rail- way, from depot at Twenty-sixth street, twelve cents. On arriving at the depot at Harlem, omnibuses to the bridge can be had for eighteen cents. This bridge is well worthy of a visit from all who desire to obtain a proper idea of the enterprise of the inhabitants of New-York. It cost 900,000 dollars. NEW -YORK UNIVERSITY, Situated on the east side of University Place, on the corner of Waverley Place, facing Washington Square, is a grand specimen of pointed Gothic architecture, not unlike that of the English colleges. It is built of rough-hewn Westchester county marble, and is 180 feet long. The University was founded in 1831, and has now, in its colle- giate, medical, and grammar schools, 850 students. The chapel in the central build- 20 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. ing is, with its noble window, 50 feet high and 24 feet wide, one of the handsomest in the Union. The apartments in the north wing are chiefly occupied as artist's studios, some of our accomplished city painters being cloistered beneath its roof. UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, Located between Waverley Place and Eighth street, was founded in 1836. It is under the control of Presbyterians, though students of other denominations are received within its walls. It has six professors, and about 100 students. The library contains 17,000 or 18,000 volumes. The principal edifice contains four lecture-rooms, a chapel, library, and study, and four large rooms for students. EPISCOPAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. The General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, situated in Twentieth street, between Ninth and Tenth avenues, is of two buildings in the Gothic style, built of stone, and incorporated in 1822. The Board of Trustees consists of all the bishops, and one trustee from each diocese in the United States. It contains an excellent library, and is well endowed. It is two miles from the City Hall. NIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE, In East Fourteenth street, between Irving Place and Third avenue, is under the super- vision of the chancellor and trustees of the University, with which it is connected. It contains several rooms, large and well-arranged. The library contains 6,000 or 7,000 volumes, and an extensive and valuable museum of interesting specimens ob- tained from ipost-mortem examinations. Clinical lectures are delivered by able and accomplished professors, who impart rare and valuable information to students. NEW-YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Situated in East Thirteenth street, between Third and Fourth avenues, was chartered in 1850. and is designed to prepare young men as practising physicians, without resort to any other institution, for which purpose all the appointments of professors, in- struction, lectures, library, and museum are on the most extensive scale. It contains a costly European museum, of external and internal pathology. Clinical and hospital instruction is included, as also a laboratory for instruction in analytical chemistry. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, The College of Physicians and Surgeons, one of the oldest institutions in the city, was founded in 1791, and chartered in 1S07. It is located on Fourth avenue, corner of NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 21 T-wcnty-third street, and contains a library of about 1,500 volumes, and avast museum of physiological specimens. Lectures commence on the first Monday of November, and continue four months. GERMAN DISPENSARY. This institution was organized in January, 1857, and was opened to the public on the 28th day of May following. It is located at 132 Canai street, and is onen daily, with the exception of Sundays and holidays ; the hour from 12 to 1 is set apart for women and children, and from 1 to 2 P. si. for all other patients. The principal object of the Dispensary is to afford to indigent persons, ignorant of the English language, medical advice in their own tongue, and medical treatment and medicine without charge. The number of patients treated from May 28 to December 31, a period of seven months, was 1,738, of whom 1,150 were from Germany. The whole amount- of expen- diture for the year was $1,295 69, of which $313 89 was for medicine. During the seven months, 2,374 poor patients availed themselves of the Dispensary, for whom 4.547 prescriptions were written. • DEAF AND DUMB ASYLUM. This noble institution, for the instruction of the deaf and dumb, is situated at Fan- wood, Washington Heights, ten miles from the City Hall. The principal building is 110 feet by 60 fee.t, and four stories high, with a basement. Harvey P. Peet, LL. D., is the Principal of the institution, assisted by several competent professors and others, who devote their whole time and attention to the pupils. "Visitors are admitted daily, from 1% to 4 o'clock, p. M. Reached by railroad or Manhattanville stages. CHURCHES. In addition to the churches already noticed the following are worthy of mention : Grace Church, at the upper part of Broadway, is quite a conspicuous edifice. It is built of white marble, English gothic in style, and redundant in ornamental embel- lishment. Although the most ambitious in its pretensions, it is not considered equal to many others in the harmony of its proportions and the beauty of its tout ensemble. The dazzling brilliancy of its stained windows, is one of its principle defects, for its interior presents the opposite of that grand effect which characterizes the venerable Westminster Abbey, and other cathedrals which Milton describes, with " Storied windows richly dight, Shedding a dim, religious light." The Fifth avenue is. enriched with many new churches, which evince a much purer style of architecture. The Presbyterian church, recently erected on the corner of Twenty-ninth street, and those at intermediate distances from it and Tenth street 22 NF/W-YORK HAXD-BOOK. Fifth avenue, are instances of this. The Scotch Presbyterian ehurch, corner of Grand nd Crosby streets, is a stone building, 95 feet long and 67 broad, with a fine Ionic por- tico of six stone columns, and cost $114,000. The First Baptist church, in Broome street, corner of Elizabeth street, is a fine stone edifice, of Gothic architecture, from 88 to 110 feet long, and from 75 to 87 feet wide, with two ocfagon towers on the front corners, and a pointed window between them. 22 feet wide and 41 feet high. The inte- rior is more imposing than the exterior. St Peter's Roman Catholic church, in Bar- clay street, corner of Church, is a large and substantial granite structure, with a very imposing Ionic portico of six granite columns, and a statue of St. Peter in a niche in the pediment. The French Protestant Episcopal church, corner of Franklin and Church streets, is built of white marble, and has a portico with a double row of fine double columns, of the Ionic order. The Reformed Dutch church, on Washington Square, is a large and imposing structure of Gothic architecture, and appears well, even by the side of the splendid New York University. St. Patrick's Roman Catholic cathedral is of stone, 120 feet long and 80 feet wide, but is more distinguished for its magnitude than for its elegance. CITY HALL PARK. This beautiful triangular piece of ground of about ten acres, enclosed by a handsome and substantial iron railing, is on Broadway, Chambers and Centre streets, and Park Row. It contains the City Hall, Hall of Records, new Court House, Rotunda, Sec. The south side of the Park is occupied \>y the fixtures of a fountain, which was formerly a graceful ornament to this part of the city. The opening of Beekman street through to Broadway will soon call for their removal. ST. JOHN'S PARK. Small, but beautiful grounds, containing an excellent fountain, on Hudson, Yarick, Laight, and Beach streets, belonging to the Yestry of Trinity Church. St. John's church, a chapel of Trinity, is on the east side of the Square. It is a private par);, though all can participate in its enjoyment on payment of ten dollars a year for the use of a key. Reached by Eighth avenue cars. TOMPKINS SQUARE, Occupying the ground between Avenues A and B, and Sixth and Eighth streets, con- tains one of the largest parks in the city. It had a fountain, shade trees, and wooden fence; though the inhabitants of that section of our city, being mostly foreigners of the lower order, and using the Square for their midnight orgies, have destroyed the greater portion of the fence. The German military occasionally assemble here for parade ; and on holiday occasions a fine display of fire-works, appointed by the corpo- ration, takes place on its grounds. • NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 23 STUYVESANT SQUARE, Presented to the Corporation of the city by the late Peter Gr. Stuyvesant, is enclosed by a substantial iron railing, tastefully laid out and planted with shade trees, shrub- bery, and flowers. It contains a fountain, though, like all the other public fountains, scarce ever in play, and then but a short time. This park is situated between East Fifteenth and East Seventeenth streets, with tbe Second avenue passing through its centre, which thus divides it into two squares. Surrounding them are a number of elegant private residences, and some of the finest church edifices in the city. WASHINGTON SQUARE. This delightful grove was formerly the " Potter's Field" of the city, but is now con- verted Into a parade-ground, of which our military fully avail themselves on " State" occasions. Morning and evening, rosy-cheeked youth and maidens may be seen wend- ing their way to and from school over its well-kept paths ; and persons may be seen there at all hours of the day wending their way where business or pleasure may call them. The park contains a fountain, but its waters are not permitted to gladden the eyes of our citizens. It is situated in the midst of a wealthy population, on Univer- sity Place, Waverley Place, and Fourth and Macdougal streets. Here, also, the famed Fifth avenue commences. On University Place, opposite the Square, is Dr. Hutton's beautiful Gothic Church, and also the University. UNION PARK, A beautiful oval area at the bend in Broadway at Fourteenth street, and extending to Seventeenth street. On the east we have the Fourth avenue. The Square, although small, is the most cheerful and beautiful spot of ground in the city. It is enclosed by a high, massive iron railing, behind which peep lovely flowers. The shade trees are numerous and luxuriant ; and the graveled walks, well laid out, are well-kept There is a fountain in the midst of the park, filled with gold and silver fish ; and it is a heart-cheering sight, on a bright summer's day, to see the children of our better class of society, sporting round the fountain in all the happy innocence of childish hilarity and glee. Reached by stages ; also by Fourth avenue railroad. To the southeast of the Park, at the junction of Broadway and Fourth Avenue, is the famous EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF WASHINGTON, a work of art which is universally admired. The statue itself is of bronze, and is raised upon a granite pedestal of plain device. The height of the statue is fourteen and a half feet, and, including the pedestal, reaches to an elevation of twenty-nino 24 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. feet. It engaged the artist, Mr. Brown, during four years, and its cost was upward of 30,000 dollars. It is justly regarded as a triumph, of art, expressing with great truthfulness and power the high qualities of the patriot whom it commemorates ; while the altitude of the horse, and its exquisite proportions, serve only to heighten the effect of the composition, without obtrusively withdrawing the eye from the principal figure. On the west side of Union Park are also to be noticed Rev. Mr. Abbot's " Spingler Institute," for Ladies, and the " Church of the Puritans," of Dr. Cheever. GRAMERCY PARK. This cheerful-looking park is enclosed by a high and costly iron railing, and a thick hedge of the sweet prim. It contains noble shade trees, beautiful shrubbery and flowers, though its chief attraction is a splendid marble fountain, which is kept con- stantly playing, except in the winter months. For this beautiful adornment of our city, we are indebted to the inhabitants of the surrounding square, who are the own- ers of the grounds. It is but a short distance from Union Park, with Lexington avenue leading northward, and Irving Place extending from it southward. The park is kept in order at an expense to each family occupying the Square of ten dollars annu- ally. Strangers can gain access to the park on application at any house in the Square. MADISON SQUARE. These extensive grounds, occupying the space between Broadway, Fifth and Madi- son avenues, and Twenty -third and Twenty-sixth streets, are handsomely laid out, and planted with shade-trees and flowering shrubs. Madison Square contains no foun- tain, and is enclosed by a shabby wooden fence, in wretched contrast with the pala- tial marble and sandstone residences with which it is surrounded, and in which is included that of the celebrated " Miss Flora Mc¥limsy." It is two and a half miles from the City Hall, and is reached by stage. BLOOMING-DALE SQUARE, situated between Eighth and Ninth avenues and Fifty-third and Fifty-seventh streets, is a commanding spot of ground in a delightful section of the city. It is still unim- proved, though in that respect giving relief to the eye from its country-like appear- ance, in contrast with the stone, brick, mortar, and iron railing of the city, which must be passed to reach it. Distance from City Hall, four miles ; reached by stage lines. NEW- YORK HAND-BOOK. 25 HAMILTON SQUARE, between Third and Fourth avenues and Sixty-fifth and Sixty-eighth streets. The ground is uninclosed, nor hare any steps as yet been taken to improve it. In 1846, the corner-stone of a monument in honor of Washington was laid with much ceremony ; upon which occasion the Odd Fellows' societies and the military made one of the largest displays on record in the city's annals. On festive occasions, 4th of July, 22d of February, &c, there is always a grand display of fireworks in this Square. It is four and a half miles from the City Hall, and is reached by Third Avenue cars, which start every few minutes during the day from opposite the Astor House, on Broadway. MANHATTAN SQUARE. This beautiful Square, far from the city's din and strife, is located between Eighth and Ninth avenues, and Seventy-sixth and Eighty-first streets. It is covered with verdure, shrubbery, and shade-trees. It is not yet bound with iron railing ; and as it nearly trenches upon the Central Park, probably several years will yet elapse ere the city fathers will be enabled to carve out fat jobs for favorites in its improvement "Burnham's," a celebrated resort on the Hudson river, is but a short distance from the Park. It is five miles from the city, and is reached by omnibus lines. MOUNT MORRIS SQUARE. This rocky elevation, forming a beautiful public Square, is situated between the Fourth and Fifth avenues, and 120th and 124th streets. It contains a public house much resorted to by our citizens. It is a pleasant place, and from its observatory the view of the surrounding scenery, which includes Long and Staten Islands, and the- towns of Ravenswood, Greenpoint, Astoria, Flushing, Manhattanville, Morrisania, Harlem, Mott Haven, the Palisades on the Hudson river, and many other objects of interest, is very fine. RESERVOIR SQUARE. This Square is situated on Fifth and Sixth avenues, and between West Fortieth and West Forty-second streets. It contains the Distributing Reservoir. The Crystal Palace, recently destroyed by fire, during Jhe exhibition of the annual fair of the American Institute, was also located here. It is a beautiful piece of ground, in a commanding situation, and easy of access by Sixth avenue cars. FIFTH AVENUE. Running up to the northward, from Washington Square, is the most fashionable part of the city— tbe Fifth avenue— which has been not inappropriatelyt ermed the 2 26 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. Beigravia of New- York. Nothing can exceed the general elegance and fine archi- tectural effect of the street buildings here. The houses are of brown sandstone, which admits of the highest degree of decorative art — and which, for the most part, they have received. The plate-glass windows, too. not to speak of the fine taste dis- played in the minor appurtenances, such as the door-plates, handles, bell-pulls, &c, serve greatly to enhance the effect. Nor do the interior furnishings and ornamen- tation fail to sustain this first promise to the eye, for, on the contrary, nothing can exceed the costliness of material and richness of style pervading the halls, staircases, and dra-wing-rooms pertaining to the mansions of the Fifth avenue. No doubt con- siderable help is obtained, for purposes of ornamentation and art, from the number of foreign artists and connoisseurs who are constantly pouring into New- York from the continent of Europe ; but, however it may be, the fact is undoubted, that, in respect of elegance and comfort, nothing can surpass the residences here. Altoge ther, it may be pronounced the finest street in New-York, and its most fashionable promenade. ENVIRONS OF NEW-YORK. The environs of New York are of a highly interesting and varied character. We can do little more than mention some of the more prominent places deserving of attention in this respect. The magnificent scenery of the Bay from Sandy Hook and the Narrows has already been alluded to. BROOKLTN is by far the largest and most important place in the vicinity of New York. It might almost be called a suburb, being immediately on the other side of East Biver, to which pleasant access is obtained by the numerous ferries, every five minutes in tha day, at a fare of two cents. This town has largely participated in the rapid growth and advancement of the parent cit}', and numbers at present over two hundred thousand inhabitants. It received its name from the Dutch ; by them written Breucklen, or Broken Land —the more modern form of the word not having been adopted till after the Bevolu tion. Great regularity characterizes the laying out of the streets, with the exception of Fulton street, which is the oldest portion of the city. Even on this, however, important alterations for the better have been effected, particularly in the added width which it has received. In 1816, Brooklyn was incorporated as a village ; but now possesses the name and importance of a city, with all its appurtenances of mayor and aldermen — there being eighteen of the latter, elected by the people to rep- resent by two and two, the nine wards into which the city is divided. Among the more interesting features may be mentioned the remains of some fortifications thrown up during the war of the Revolution. Of these the most notable is Fort Greene, ori- ill" I pi NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 27 ginally an extensive fort, and part of which may still be traced not " indistinctly." The City Hall, too, is well worthy of notice, — a fine building of the Ionic order, and costing about $200,000. Then we have the Mansion House, the Post Office, the Athe- naeum, the Savings Bank, &c. The churches are 136 in number, and represent almost every variety of religious opiaion. Among these may be mentioned that of THE HOLT TRINITY. It is situated at the corner of Clinton street and Montague Place. Of highly orna- mented Gothic architecture, elegant in design, and costly in all its furnishings, it would not lose by comparison with some of the most ornate ecclesiastical structures of the parent city itself. THE CHURCH OP THE PILGRIMS Henry Street, is an edifice of unique and singular appearance. In the centre of the principal tower is inserted a fragment of the "forefathers' rock" from Plymouth, Mass., around which many touching memories cluster. Its cost was about $50,000. We : lay also mention Grace Church, on Brooklyn Heights, a fine edifice of decora- ted Gothic ; the Church of the Saviour, Pierrepont street, corner of Manor Place, in the perpendicular Gothic style, of red sandstone; Christ's Church, Clinton street; First Reformed Church, Joralemon street ; Plymouth Church in Orange street ; First Presbyterian Church, in Henry street ; Second Presbyterian Church, in Fulton street, corner of Clinton street, one of the largest in Brooklyn; and St. Ann's Church, in Washington street, near Sands, the most venerable and time-honored of them all. THE HOTELS most worthy of notice are, the Mansion House, in Hicks street, Brooklyn Heights, and the Globe Hotel, Fulton street. Both of these are superior and well-appointed hotels, although there are many others in Brooklyn as well entitled to public support. We must not, however, leave Brooklyn, without noticing GREENWOOD CEMETERY. The situation of this cemetery i* on Gowanus Heights, about two and a half miles from the South Ferry, from which place one can easily reach the Cemetery in the cars, at a very trifling expense. The Cemetery is laid out in the most tastefully variegated manner, with fifteen miles of avenues, besides numerous paths. In its more elevated parts it commands beautiful and attractive views, such as the city of New York, with its bay and harbor its islands and forts ; and reaching away beyond all interjacent objects, it carries the eye out to the great ocean itself. It is a chartered institution, and after some hard preliminary difficulties, which seemed for a time to threaten its extinction, it became thoroughly consolidated, and has hitherto prospered in a remarkable degree. Like all other establishments of the kind, it has its more prominent monuments aa 28 NEW- YORK HAND-BOOK. •well as its more humble graves. The tomb of the young lady, Miss Cauda, the cost of •which was $10,000, and the erection of which occasioned almost the ruin of her father, and the statue of the Fireman, may be regarded as among the most noteworthy. Both from their own excellence and their associated circumstances, they are well fitted to engage the attention of the visitor. This Cemetery is 242 acres in extent, and is of undulating and varied character. Free admission is granted to the public on week-days, but on Sabbath this privilege is restricted to proprietors, their families, and persons who may be of their party. The principal avenue is named " The Tour," and by keeping in this, strangers will secure the most favorable general view. A little careful attention, however, to the guide-boards in the grounds, will enable them, ere long, to thread their way through the more retired, but not less beautiful passages within this solemn enclosure. WILLIAM SBUKGH. Immediately to the north of Brooktyn is TVilliamsburgh, once an independent citj , but now included under Brooklyn. It contains many handsome dwelling-houses, and numerous churches. Its population, Jan. 1, 1S55, when it was united to Brooklyn, was fifty thousand. KOCKAWAI BEACH, • situated on the Atlantic shore, twenty-two miles southeast from New York, is a watering-place of great and merited celebrity. The bath and the sea-breeze combine their influence here in bracing the system of the invalid, and winning back the roses to his cheeks and the elasticity to his limbs. FORT HAMILTON, one of the strongholds which command the Narrows, may also be mentioned here. It is at the western extremity of Long Islnd. and nearly due south from New-York. It is much frequented in the summer season for sea-bathing. STATES ISLAND. It is to this favorite suburban resort, and home of many of our city merchants that our bay is indebted for niuclr*>f its beauty. It is about six miles south of the city, with which it has constant connection by steamboats. The island is fourteen miles long, and from four to eight miles wide. It constitutes the county of Rich- mond, and forms the southern extremity of the State of New-York. It is separated from New-Jersey on the west by Staten Island Sound. Richmond Hill, at the north end of the island, commands all the grand scenes which might be expected at an ele- vation of 307 feet above the ocean. Elegant residences cluster around these heights, and from the summit a marine telegraph overlooks them and the sea. Upon a bluff, on the east side of the island, is Prince's Bay Lighthouse. Reached every few min- utes from "Whitehall Ferrv. •' NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 29 CONEY ISLAND, situated at the southwest extremity of Long Island, eleven miles south of New-York city, has a white, sandy beach, and is a charming place of resort for New-Yorkers du- ring summer, who visit it for the purpose of bathing, and for the advantage of the sea-breeze constantly wafted over it. It has a spacious hotel, and all the convenience of dresses, &c, for bathing in the ocean. OTHER ISLANDS NEAR THE CITY. Ellis's Island is in the bay, 2,033 yards southwest trom the Battery. It belongs to the general government, and has a fortification upon it, called Fort Gibson. Bedlow ? s Island lies near Ellis's, 2,963 yards southwest from tbe Battery. It also belongs to the federal government, and is fortified. The military work is called Fort Smith. Governor's Island is situated in the bay, nearest the Battery, 1,090 yards distant. It belongs to the federal gOTernment, and contains 72 acres of land. It is a beautiful spot, sloping on all sides, from the centre to the water. Upon its central summit is Fort Columbus, a fortification in star form, mounting 120 heavy guns. On the north- west verge of the island is Castle William, a circular structure, with three tiers of port-holes, and well supplied with cannon. It is 60 feet in height, and 600 feet in cir- cumference. A battery on the southwest part commands Buttermilk Channel, be- tween the island and Long Island shore. The fort is continually garrisoned. Tho island can be visited at any time, by employing Whitehall boatmen, always in wait- ing at the foot of Whitehall-street. Charge, from 12 to 25 cents, according to the time spent at the island. Small boats are perfectly safe in ordinary weather. Ward's Island, situated at the junction of East and Harlem rivers, just above the whirlpool called Hurlgate, and opposite One Hundredth and One Hundred and Four teenth streets (near Harlem), inclusive, also belongs to the city, and is used for the purposes of an emigrant hospital. A boat plies between the city and the island. Eandall's Island, which is larger, lies just north of Ward's Island, and also belongs to the city. There is an extensive nursery and school for pauper children, and an asylum for those who, from mental incapacity, cannot take care of themselves. These islands were known, respectively, until after the Revolution, as Montressor's and Bu- chanan's Islands. They were places of encampment for a portion of the British army, in the autumn of 1776. A portion of the island is used as a " Potter's Field," a burial place for strangers. Blackwell's Island is situated in the East river, and extends from opposite Forty- eighth to Eighty-third street. The channel on either side of the island is navigable for the largest ships. Perhaps no place in the world is better adapted to the pur- poses for which it is used. Here may be seen the Penitentiary, a noble structure, sufficiently large to accommodate from 800 to 1.000 prisoners. There is also the Alms- 30 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. house for the city poor, and the Workhouse, a spacious edifice, to give employment to the prisoners. The Lunatic Asylum occupies the north end of the island, and the Smallpox Hospital the south. All of the buildings are of stone, quarried from the island by the labor of the convicts. They are all open to visitors, Sundays excepted. Stages and cars go from the City Hall and Fulton Ferry to Sixty-first street, at the foot of which a small boat is in readiness. Fare in stage, 6 cents JERSEY CITY. This, as has been previously observed, is situated on the west side of the Hudson, opposite New York. There is great symmetry in the arrangement of this city, and it contains several public buildings, such as churches (of which there are seven) , a ' Lyceum, High School, &c. Here, too, is an extensive depot of the New Jersey Railroad Company. In the neighborhood is EOBOKKS, which, besides the attractions of the fine walks of the Elysian Fields, has its charms still further enhanced by the commanding view of the city which is obtained from its more elevated grounds. It can be easily reached by taking the boats from the foot of Christopher, Canal, and Barclay streets. bull's ferry, in New-Jersey, on the banks of the Hudson, six miles from the City Hall, New-York, is a favorite summer resort, and residence of our citizens during the summer months. It is delightfully situated, and from the eminence commands a picturesque view of the Hudson river, the bay, and the city of New-York. Steamers constantly ply thither during the months of navigation, from Spring-street pier. During winter, pro- ceed by Barclay-street ferry to Hoboken, thence by stage. fort lee, a village of Bergen county, New-Jersey, at the foot of the Palisades, opposite 160th- street, New- York, is one of the most popular summer resorts for the recreation and diversion of our citizens who desire to breathe the pure mountain air. A fortification, during the Revolution, crowned the brow of the lofty Palisades, which eminence was then called Mount Constitution. Here some interesting reminiscences of the American Revolution are awakened. The anxious thoughts of Washington and his generals turned to this point at that eventful period : and here it was attempted, by the express com- mand of Congress, to obstruct the navigation of the river by every art, and without regard to expense, " as well to prevent the regress of the enemy's frigates, lately gone up, as to hinder them from receiving succor." A large force of Americans, in retreating from Fort Lee. were overpowered by a greatly superior force of Hessians, \ and either slain or taken prisoners. Steamers leave Spring-street wharf at 8 A. M. and H p. m., for Fort Lee. Fm-e, 12 cents. NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 31 NEWARK. Nine miles from New-York is Newark, the most important city in the State of New- Jersey, and consisting almost entirely of a manufacturing population. The factories here are hoth numerous and large. Schools, academies, and literary and scientific institutions, also, abound in Newark, besides many churches and other public build- ings. Ferry-boats from Cortlandt-street convey passengers to Jersey City, from which cars proceed with them to Newark. THE PASSAIC FALLS are well worthy of a visit. The sheet of water which is thus named, and which dis- charges itself over a height of fifty feet, is situated at the town of Paterson, on the Pas- saic river, about seventeen miles from New-York, whence it may be reached by railroad. From the steep nature of the river's banks at this point, and the deep chasm which it has worn for its waters, as well as from the beauty of the Fall itself, this spot has many attractions to which the lover of the picturesque will not be insensible. We may only, in addition, mention Yonkers, a village of Westchester county, and Irvington, of charmed name, with its Sunnyside at hand — well designated the Abbots- ford of America, being the residence of the illustrious Washington Irving. EXCURSIONS. There are few cities with so many pleasing 'excursions within a moderate distance, and capable of being accomplished in a reasonably limited time. The variety of out- lying objects of interest, and scenes of beauty, by land and water, is very great. On the New-Jersey shore, for example, is the small settlement of Weehawken, situated on an elevation on the Hudson, somewhat to the north of Hoboken. It is a favorite resort, and easily accessible by the boats which cross the Hudson from the foot of Barclay, Canal, and Christopher streets, to Hoboken. Turog's Point is another pleasing excursion. Sixteen miles from the city, it is the termination, at Long Island Sound, of Throg's, or rather Throgmorton's Neck. From this headland, which divides between East river and the Sound, a very splendid view is obtained. Fort Schuyler, on the point, and Pelham Bridge, may be embraced in this excursion. A third excursion may take for its terminus the thriving village of Astoria, six miles to the northeast of New-York. The academy, botanic gardens, &c, are worthy of notice; but its most interesting feature is the singular whirlpool in its neighbor- hood, denominated Helle-Gat— "Hell-Gate" — by the Dutch. The village of Astoria is beautifully situated on Long Island Sound, and is much resorted to as a summer residence. It is reached by the steamboats from the pier on the East river, at the foot of Fulton-street. 32 NEW- YORK HAND-BOOK. The stranger who wishes to obtain a very pleasant sail, embracing numerous ob- jects of interest, and imparting a good idea of the topography of the bay, should not fail to take the boat for Shrewsbury and Long Branch. It starts daily, in summer) from the foot of Robinson-street, North river, and Peck Slip, East river, for these places. And, if his time permits of a more distant excursion, a visit to West Point, in the Highlands, will impart both health and pleasure. In itself a scene of unrivalled beauty, its attractions are greatly increased by the Revolutionary inci- dents and associations connected with it, as well as the fact that it is the seat of our most important military school. This structure occupies a grand plateau about a mile in circuit, and nearly 200 feet above the water ; and hundreds of feet higher still may be seen the crumbling ruins of old fortifications, erected in the time of the war, on the sides and crests of the hills adjacent. From these elevations the eye ranges over a prospect of great extent, and of varied interest, partly composed of the pictu- resque foreground immediately beneath and around, and partly of the magnificent panorama of the river, with its numerous objects of lively attraction both on its surface and shores, for many a mile. This last-mentioned institution was established in 1802, and is under the control of, as it is supported by the government. The curriculum of study for the cadets, which is gratuitous, runs through a period of five years, and embraces all that is necessary for tbe perfect acquirement of tbe military art. The number of graduates is upward of three thousand. It is to be remembered, as imparting additional interest to the spot, that West Point was a place of mark in the Revolutionary struggle — having the command of the river, the attempted betrayal of which has stamped with disgrace the name of Arnold. The visitor will find at West Point the accommodation of an excellent hotel. We have already referred to the great Croton Aqueduct. The village of Croton, near which is the famous dam pertaining to the works, is another spot which is well worthy of a visit. About 35 miles from New-York, it may be reached by the Hudson River Railroad. The lake here is five miles in extent, covering a breadth of 400 acres. It is formed by a dam 250 feet long, and 38 feet wide at the base. It allows a dis- charge of 60,000,000 gallons of water daily. Although the above are some of the more interesting excursions from New-York, they by no means exhaust the resources of the city in this respect. These are so nu- merous and varied, that the chief difficulty is to choose among them, since almost in every direction outlets are obtained to localities invested with everything that is fitted to kindle the imagination and to please the eye of the lover of nature. The sail up the Hudson is well known as one of the finest anywhere to be enjoyed. From the moment of leaving New-York Bay, with its magnificent expanse, chequered and fretted with its countless sails, and on past the seemingly interminable wharves of the city, till the suburban beauties succeed, and yield in their turn to a succession of NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 33 rural and romantic landscapes of exquisite beauty — embracing tbe Palisades, with their imposing cliffs towering to a height of 500 feet, and running along with unbro- ken front as far as the bay of the Tappan Sea— village and fort, with new features of interest, are continually recurring, till the eye is almost wearied with gazing on wbat seems to be a pathway of never-ending beauty. The steamboats which ply on this river are all that could be desired for comfort and elegance. They leave New-York evening and morning, daily. AMUSEMENTS AND POPULAR RESORTS. New-York is the head quarters of theatres, concerts, lectures, and miscellaneous enjoyments, and affords to pleasure-seekers every opportunity for the gratification of their peculiar tastes. With a view of facilitating the operations of strangers visiting New-York in pursuit of enjoyment, we propose briefly to point out some of the prominent and legitimate places of resort, leaving each one, of course, to follow the bent of his inclinations. We commence with the THEATRES. In no other city in the world than New-York can theatrical entertainments be en- joyed with as much satisfaction. Spectacles are put upon the stage utterly regard- less of expenditure, while the performers employed comprise the highest talent of our own country, as well as that of Europe. Among the many magnificent temples dedicated to the drama, we enumerate Laura Keene's Varieties, located at 622 Broadway This establishment is justly celebrated for the beauty of its interior arrangements, the excellence of its company, and for the superb manner in which its productions are placed upon the stage. Wallace's Theatre," at 485 Broadway, is well conducted, and has for many years been a favorite resort, Niblo's Garden, in Broadway, corner of Prince-street, has always been a very fash- ionable resort. It is capable of containing 2.000 persons, and its interior arrange- ments bespeak much taste and elegance. The Metropolitan Theatre is a large and magnificent structure, situated at 641 Broadway. Bowery Theatre is at 46 Bowery. Barnum's American Museum is on the corner of Broadway and Ann-street. The National Theatre is in Chatham-street, near Roosevelt. Wood's Mintrels are at 561 and 563 Broadway. Besides these, there are several German theatres in the Bowery, the principal one of which is known as the " Stadt Theater." 2* 34 NEW- YORK HAND-BOOK. The Academt op Music, or Italian Opera House, is situated on the corner of Fourteenth-street and Irving Place. A description of this splendid structure is given on another page. During the operatic season the highest order of foreign talent is employed, at salaries which would almost seem to preclude the possibility of render- ing it a source of profit to its manager ; but the enterprise, thus far, has been well sustained. Next to the theatres, we notice THE ART INSTITUTIONS. The Dusseldorf Gallery, located at 548 Broadway, has for some years past been a popular resort for the lovers of the fine arts. Its collection embraces the works of many great masters. The Bryan Gallery, or Gallery of Christian Art, which is situated on the corner of Broadway and Thirteenth-street, contains a very valuable collection of original pictures, of high merit. The National Academy of Design, directed and controlled by an association of artists and amateurs, have an annual exhibition of the works of living artists, du- ring the months of April, May, and June. The Free Fine Art Gallery of Messrs. Williams, Stevens & Williams, 353 Broadway, is likewise worthy of notice, from the fact that it contains, at all times, a rich collection of pictures, engravings, and other works. The magnificent photographic establishment of Mr. J. Gurney, No. 707 Broadway, is the largest and most beautiful of its kind in the world, and the stranger will be amply repaid by making it a visit. CHESS AND BILLIARD SALOONS, The popularity into which the truly rational and intellectual games of billiard and chess have grown, within the past few years, are fully evidenced in New-York by the large number of places which have been exclusively appropriated to these scientific amusements. For the benefit of those seeking recreation of this character, we name a few only of the leading establishments : Phelan's Billiard Saloons. — The proprietor of these saloons is extensively known throughout the country as the inventor and patentee of " Phelan's Billiard Tables and Combination Cushions;" and his knowledge of the beautiful art, both , practical and theoretical, is supposed to excel that 'of an}' man now living. This attractive establishment is located at No. 786 Broadway, and is daily visited by gentlemen of distinction from all parts of the world. It combines tbree spacious rooms, each 110 by 50 feet, fitted up in an elegant manner, and provided with thirty tables of the most approved construction. These, as they are occupied NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 35 in the evening, present an animated scene. The first room, which is fitted up in a tasteful manner, is adorned with the portraits of the most distinguished billiard players now living— at the head of which stands that of Michael Phelan. The second floor, which is beautifully arranged, contains a well-regulated restaurant, while the third is provided with several private rooms, and a room in which instruc- tion is given by Mr. P. himself, to all who wish to acquire a thorough knowledge of the game. This extensive establisbment is open for amusement only, and con- ducted upon principles of gentility and good taste. The proprietor, Mr. Phelan, has perhaps done more to advance and dignify this beautiful and intellectual game than any man living ; he seems to have made it his life's study, judging from the popular t; Manual of the Game of Billiards," published by the Appletons, of this city, and which has already passed through three editions. There are many other large and attractive billiard saloons, of highly respectable character, among which we name Keefe's, Broadway, near Houston street. Wallace & Reeves', 214 Broadway. Kappin's Chess and Billiard Rooms, corner of Broadway and Fourth-street, will be found very attractive. All the best players go there, both day and evening. Bassford's Chess and Billiard Saloon is on the corner of Ann and Nassau streets. The German Chess Club is located at 224 Grand-street. The New-York Chess Club meet at the University Buildings, on Fourth avenue. Admission may be obtained only through the members or their immediate friends. Hoffman's Restaurant, Chess, and Billiard Rooms, are at the corner of Nas- sau and Fulton streets. THE FREE ACADEMY. It is to be presumed that few of the many thousands, in every section of the country, who are interested in the problem of popular education, will visit New-York without a desire to examine into the operation of this noble institution, which is the true complimentary development of the Common School system. Justly styled by many " The People's College," it is maintained at the common expense, and is intended to convey to the pupils of the Common Schools of New-York City the benefits of free sducation, in those higher departments of learning which are usually taught in col- leges or universities, and from which the great body of the people are debarred, by reason of the expense attending their prosecution. It thus offers to all. without re- gard to wealth or station, the best of all chances, that of a fair opportunity. The Free Academy originated in tbe exertions of the Board of Education of the City of New-York, and the Act authorizing its establishment passed tbe Legislature on the 7th of May, 1847. One of the provisions of the Act required that the question 36 NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. whether a Free Academy be established or not, should be submitted to the people ; and upon being so referred, on the first Monday of June, 1847, a majority of votes were cast in favor of the proposition— the vote being 19,404 in favor of, and 3,409 against it. Soon afterward the building was put in process of erection, and now forms one of the chief ornaments, as well as most substantial benefactions of the city. It cost, with the ground attached, about $S6,000, and has since undergone alterations and improve- ments involving a still further outlay of $30,000. The annual expenditure required for its maintenance is $60,000. The requisites for admission to the Free Academy are that the applicant be a resi- dent of the city and county of New-York ; be at least fourteen years of age ; shall have attended the Common Schools in the city twelve months, and pass a good exami- nation in spelling, reading, writing, English grammar, arithmetic, algebra (as far as quadratic equations), geography, history of the United States, the Constitution of the United States, and elementary book-keeping. In addition to this, it has been dt termined that no candidate can be examined for admission, unless he present to the principal a certificate, in due form, signed by the principal of the particular school to which he has been attached, specifying the age of the candidate, the school to which he has belonged, and the length of time of his attendance upon it. These, with a few more merely formal regulations, are the chief requirements for admission. The studies pursued are of an elaborate character, and are under the supervision of a Faculty, combining a number of professorships, of which the principal is president. The Faculty consists of nine gentlemen, of high attainments in their respective de- partments, assisted by a corps of twenty-three instructors. The practical character of the instruction dispensed at the Free Academy, the fair field which it offers to the son of the poor as well as of the rich man, and the excel- lent results that it has produced of accomplished graduates — all combine to make it highly popular, and to create a strong solicitude for its permanence and perfection. Those from other States, who are interested in the subject of education, naturally share this solicitude, and will find much in its operations to repay examination and study. The Free Academy stands on East Twenty-third street, corner of Lexington avenue, and may be conveniently reached by means of the railroad cars in front of the Astor House, near the Park. THE ASTOR LIBRARY. Many thousands visit New-York to whom the free use of a library, thoroughly fur- nished in all the departments of art, science, and literature, is at once the greatest benefaction and the highest possible source of enjoyment. Henee it is that during the day, from 10 A. m. till an hour before sunset, there may be seen, in the above- V.vawv^^ K LA FARCE HOUSE. NEW-YORK HAND-BOOK. 37 named" admirable institution, gathered from all parts of the country, where the pri- Tilege is known, men already eminent, or who are seeking eminence in every branch — clergymen, lawyers, designers, artificers, poets, historians, artists, machinists, engi- neers, antiquarians, down to those ephemera who are curious in the fashion of a dress, or of even yet more minute subjects of inquiry. This fine collection of books now contains upward of 100.000 volumes, and additions are being made to it from time to time, under the supervision of the accomplished librarian, Dr. Cogswell, well known as the most thorough bibliopolist of our country. The institution was endowed by the late John Jacob Astor, who set apart in his will $400,000 for the building and library, at the same time laying down the general plan upon which it was to be established and continued. His son, William B. Astor. Esq. has nobly seconded the intention of the bequest, by further munificent donations — among others, within the past year, having presented to the trustees of the library a lot adjoining, of great value. Upon this a supplementary building has been erected, greatly increasing the capacity of the institution. The accommodations for visitors are of a very complete character. The room into which they are admitted, for the prosecution of their several pursuits, is a noble one, being nearly 50 feet in height, with a sky-light in the centre of the ceiling measuring 54 feet by 14. In all other respects, also, it is of ample dimensions, and in addition is well ventilated, furnished with comfortable chairs and roomy tables, and surrounded by the spirit of study and silence, as represented by the many thousand volumes arranged on every side, reflecting the mind of man _'or generation upon generation. The rules to be observed by visitors are very few and reasonable, restricting indi- vidual liberty only so much as to insure the general convenience. We subjoin a few plain directions, which will be found to facilitate matters not a little : The Astor Library is on Lafayette Place, a few doors south of Astor Place, and may be reached from the lower part of the city by such of the Broadway omnibuses as go up as far as Astor Place, or by the Fourth avenue cars, which leave constantly from the street in front of the Astor House. Having reached the library, on entering the doorway ascend the noble stairway of 38 marble steps to the library hall. Here all gentlemen are expected to be uncovered. Is a book or books wanted, proceed to the table near the clerk's desk, and from the catalogues thereupon select the volumes that are desired, and make a memorandum of them upon blanks that are furnished by the trustees of the library. Hand this to the clerk, and if not already in use, he will soon return with the volumes needed, whether one or an armful. These you can carry with you to any part of the hall that seems most inviting, and there, undisturbed as if in your own private study, and free from intrusion or impertinence, you may pass the day, or any less proportion of it. All that is required in addition, is to return the books to the clerk before leaving the hall. This comprises all of the rules that are essential. 38 NEW-YOUK HAND-BOOK. We imagine that few persons who are fond of reading, or who are pursuing any branch of study, will fail to avail themselves of the great advantages "that are opened to them by this great library — more especially since all its advantages are offered to the public " without money and without price." DISTANCES IN THE CITY. FROM FROM FROM BATTERY. EXCHANGE. CITY HALL. £ mile. Rector street. i i mile. Fulton. * * City Hall. 1 ■J i mile. Leonard. 1£ 1 * Canal. H li I Spring. If n 1 Houston. 2 ' ii H Fourth. 2* 2 H Ninth. n 2i If Fourteenth. 21 2£ 2 Nineteenth. 3 2| 2£ Twenty-fourth. n 3 21 Twenty-ninth. oh 3£ 2| Thirty-fourth. 3| 31 3 Thirty-eighth. 4 of H Forty- fourth. 4* 4 3* Forty-ninth. ^ 4i 3a Fifty-fourth. 4| 41 4 Fifty-eighth. 5 4| H Sixty-third. H 5 4^ Sixty-eighth. 5* 5£ 4| Seventy- third. 5f 5* 5 Seventy-eighth. 6 51 6* Eighty-third. 6* 6 51 Eighty-eighth. 6* 6£ 5* Ninety-third. 6| Pi 6 Ninety-seventh. 7 n 6i One Hundred and Second. 7i 7 6* One Hundred and Seventh 71 7± 6i One Hundred and Twelfth. 71 7^ 7 One Hundred and Seventeenth. 8 71 74 One Hundred and Twenty-first. 8i 8 71 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth. 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