TWENTY-FIFTH 
 ANNIVERSARY 
 
 OF 
 
 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS. 
 
 1889-1914 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS. 
 

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 Twenty-Fifth Anniversary 
 
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 Clark University 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS. 
 
 1889-1914 
 
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The purpose of this booklet is twofold: — First, to carry to 
 the alumni, who were unable to attend the celebration, the 
 greetings of the University, to tighten the bond of union 
 which draws us together in mind if not in body, and to renew 
 by silent toast our allegiance to Clark University, — " Vivat, 
 crescat, floreat ": Second, to again call to the attention of 
 her friends what Clark University signifies, how she has 
 builded for the future and what is needed morally and physi- 
 cally for the fructification of her plans. 
 
 John S. French. 
 
1889 - 1914 
 
 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 TW^ENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 The celebration of the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Clark 
 University took place in Worcester on Saturday, March 28th, 
 1914. The nature of the celebration and the order of events 
 are shown by the programme, which follows: — 
 
 1889-1914 
 
 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 MARCH THE TWENTY-EIGHTH, IN THE YEAR 
 
 ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED 
 
 AND FOURTEEN 
 
 10.30 A. M. 
 
 MEETING OF ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 
 ASSEMBLY HALL 
 MAIN BUILDING 
 
 1 P. M. 
 LUNCHEON AT PRESIDENT HALL'S RESIDENCE 
 
 3 P. M. 
 
 PUBLIC MEETING IN THE GYMNASIUM 
 
 MAIN BUILDING 
 
CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 PROGRAMME 
 SELECTION 
 
 ACADEMIC PROCESSION OF TRUSTEES, FACULTY 
 
 AND ALUMNI 
 
 PROFESSOR WILLIAM E. STORY, MARSHAL 
 
 INVOCATION 
 
 REVEREND AUSTIN S. CARVER 
 
 (Audience Standing) 
 WELCOME 
 
 DOCTOR JOHN S. FRENCH, PRESIDENT OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 
 
 HYMN 
 
 GOD OF OUR FATHERS, WHOSE ALMIGHTY HAND 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 PRESIDENT G. STANLEY HALL, PH. D., LL.D. 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 DOCTOR HERMON C. BUMPUS 
 
 The Ideal of a University 
 HYMN— RECESSIONAL 
 
 THE SON OF GOD GOES FORTH TO WAR 
 
 SELECTION 
 
 5 P. M. 
 
 INSPECTION OF BUILDINGS 
 
 6 P. M. 
 
 ALUMNI BANQUET, HOTEL BANCROFT 
 
 9 P. M. to 11 P. M. 
 
 PUBLIC RECEPTION BY THE TRUSTEES, FACULTY AND ALUMNI 
 
 BALL ROOM, HOTEL BANCROFT 
 
ACTION OF THE ALUMNI 
 
 The celebration assumed a special significance through the 
 active part taken by the Alumni in organizing and putting 
 into effect the plans for the celebration. 
 
 The preliminary steps were taken by the Alumni at their 
 annual dinner in February, 1913, at which time it was voted 
 to make formal request to the Trustees and Faculty that the 
 details of the celebration be placed in their hands and in 
 anticipation of the granting of this request committees were 
 appointed to consider the plans in detail. It was made 
 evident, at once, that the celebration should single out as 
 its distinguishing feature the inauguration of a new era of 
 active co-operation with the University, of her friends and 
 Alumni in the maintenance of the high standards set by her 
 in the past. This line of action took shape in the formula- 
 tion of two well defined plans of procedure: — first, the organ- 
 izing of a permanent Alimmi Association; second, the 
 establishing of an Alumni Fellowship Fund. 
 
 To these two ends the committee .devoted themselves. 
 They' drew up and submitted to the Alumni for criticism 
 and suggestion a tentative constitution. This constitution, 
 with modifications, was adopted at the meeting of the Alumni 
 and a copy is here inserted. 
 
CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 
 OF CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 ARTICLE I 
 
 NAME 
 
 This association shall be known as the Alumni Association of Clark 
 University, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 ARTICLE II 
 
 OBJECTS 
 
 The objects of the Association are, — to estabUsh and maintain a pro- 
 fessional and social intercourse between its members and to promote the 
 welfare of the University. 
 
 ARTICLE III 
 
 MEMBERSHIP 
 
 Section 1. The members of the Association shall consist of three 
 classes: Active, Associate and Honorary. 
 
 active members 
 
 Section 2. All persons having received the degree of Doctor of Phil- 
 osophy in course from the University shall, by virtue of this attainment, be 
 admitted to active membership. 
 
 Any other person who shall have completed a period of residential study 
 in the University may be elected to active membership by a three-fourths 
 vote of the Council at any regular meeting on the written nomination of 
 two active members. 
 
 associate members 
 
 Section 3. Any person who shall have completed a period of resi- 
 dential study in the University equivalent to one academic year shall be 
 entitled to associate membership, and shall have all the privileges of 
 active membership except voting or appointment to office. 
 
 honorary members 
 
 Section 4. Any person other than those provided for in the two pre- 
 ceding sections may, by unanimous election of the Council, be made an 
 honorary member. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY / 
 
 It is to be understood that the Council is limited in its choice of hono- 
 rary members to individuals who shall have rendered distinguished ser- 
 vice to the University. They shall be entitled to the privileges of the 
 active members but shall be exempt from all fees and assessments. 
 
 ARTICLE IV 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 Section 1. The officers of the Association shall be chosen from the 
 active members and shall consist of a President, a Vice-President, a Perma- 
 nent Secretary, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and a Council. 
 
 They shall be elected by ballot at the time and place provided for in 
 Article V and shall, the Permanent Secretary excepted, hold office for one 
 year, or until their successors are chosen. The Permanent Secretary shall 
 be elected for a period of five years. All the officers shall be eligible to 
 re-election. 
 
 PRESIDENT 
 
 Section 2. The President, or, in his absence, the Vice-President, shall 
 preside at all sessions of the Association and at all meetings of the Council 
 of which he shall be Chairman ex-officio. 
 
 His other duties shall be those ordinarily pertaining to his office. 
 
 PERMANENT SECRETARY 
 
 Section 3. The permanent Secretary shall be the secretary of the 
 Council. He shall be the custodian of all documents and records per- 
 taining to the policy and general administrative work of the Association. 
 
 He shall keep a record of the Alumni. 
 
 He shall receive all communications addressed to the Association for 
 general consideration and shall properly attend to the same. 
 
 He shall attend to all business not otherwise provided for. 
 
 TREASURER 
 
 Section 4. The Treasurer shall assess, receive and invest funds, as 
 may be directed by the Council, and he shall annually present to the 
 Association an account of the receipts .and investment of such funds. 
 No expenditures of the principal in the hands of the Treasurer shall be 
 made without a three-fourths vote of the Council at a regular meeting, 
 and no expenditures of the income received shall be made except by 
 direction of the Council. 
 
 SECRETARY 
 
 Section 5. The Secretary shall keep the records of the meetings of 
 the Association and shall, after approval, give the same to the Perma- 
 nent Secretary for permanent record. 
 
CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 COUNCIL 
 
 Section 6. The Council shall consist of eleven members, and shall 
 be constituted as follows: — the President, the Permanent Secretary, the 
 Treasurer ex-officio, and eight elected members to serve for two years, 
 four to be elected each year. Not more than two of the elected members 
 of the Council shall be from any one department of the University. Six 
 members of the Council shall constitute a quorum. The Council shall 
 meet immediately before an aimual meeting of the Association. 
 
 The President may call a meeting of the Council at his discretion, and 
 shall do so on the written request of three of its members. 
 
 The Cotmcil shall be the executive board of the Association and no 
 business shall be transacted by the Association which has not first been 
 referred to or originated with the Council. 
 
 The Council shall appoint at each regular meeting the following sub- 
 committees which shall act subject to the appeal to the Council until 
 their successors are chosen: — 1, on Members; 2, on Alumni Fellowships; 
 3, on Finance; 4, on Nominations. 
 
 ARTICLE V 
 
 MEETINGS 
 
 The Association shall hold meetings as follows: — 
 
 A business meeting at which all business of the Association shall be. 
 transacted including election of officers. 
 
 A general public session conducted in accordance with a fixed program. 
 
 These meetings shall ordinarily be held in conjunction with the Com- 
 mencement Exercises of the University. 
 
 Other meetings shall be held as directed by the Council. 
 
 ARTICLE VI 
 
 ACCOUNTS 
 
 The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually by Auditors 
 appointed by the Council. 
 
 ARTICLE VII 
 
 AMENDMENTS 
 
 Any part of this constitution may be amended by the concurrence of 
 three-fourths of the active members present at a regular business session 
 after notice of not less than six months. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 9 
 
 In accordance with the provisions of the constitution the 
 following officers were elected : — 
 
 President 
 
 DR. JOHN S. FRENCH 
 providence, r. i. 
 
 Vice-President 
 
 DR. CHARLES H. THURBER 
 
 boston, mass. 
 
 Treasurer 
 
 DR. JAMES P. PORTER 
 
 worcester, mass. 
 
 Permanent Secretary 
 
 DR. JOHN C. HUBBARD 
 
 worcester, mass. 
 
 Secretary 
 DR. ELNORA W. CURTIS 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS. 
 
 Members of the Council for Two Years 
 DR. FRANK B. WILLIAMS 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS. 
 
 DR. ROY T. WELLS 
 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 DR. HERMON C. BUMPUS 
 
 MADISON, WIS. 
 
 DR. FREDERICK C. FERRY 
 williamstown, mass. 
 
 Members of the Council for One Year 
 DR. ALBERT P. WILLS 
 
 NEW YORK, N. Y. 
 
 DR. FLETCHER B. DRESSLAR 
 
 NASHVnXE, TENN. 
 
 DR. A. CASWELL ELLIS 
 
 AUSTIN, TEX. 
 
 DR. HENRY H. GODDARD 
 
 VINELAND, N. J. 
 
10 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 The appeal for an Alumni Fellowship Fund, based on the 
 recognition of the necessity of some material inducement to 
 attract to the University men of high quality and strong 
 promise who give evidence of capacity, thorough mentality 
 and personality to attain to the high standard set by her 
 Faculty and thus to maintain the rich traditions of Clark's 
 past and present, met with a ready and hearty response, 
 with an immediate pledge amounting to over $10,000, which, 
 it is hoped, will reach the amount set, $100,000, the income 
 from which will make ample provision for the purposes above 
 set forth. 
 
 The formal exercises of the afternoon were held in the 
 gymnasium of the main building at three o'clock. 
 
 The academic procession of Trustees, Faculty and Alumni, 
 led by the Marshal, Dr. William E. Story, was one of the 
 longest and most imposing in the history of the University's 
 public functions. They occupied the entire platform. 
 
 Dr. Garver opened the exercises with prayer: — 
 
 "Almighty God, Who dost ever regard us with favor even 
 though we know Thee not as Thou art, we turn to Thee 
 first of all to-day in glad remembrance and praise. Where 
 there is truth and righteousness, there Thou art openly 
 manifest; where there is love of truth and right there Thou 
 art secretly worshipped; so that the place whereon we stand 
 is holy ground and a sanctuary of Thy presence. 
 
 " We desire to thank Thee for the tender and consecrating 
 memories that throng the mind as we come back to this shrine 
 of truth to revive old friendships and renew our pledges of 
 fidelity to great ideals. 
 
 " We thank Thee for the prosperity that has attended 
 this institution through these years, and for the hope of 
 greater things yet to be. 
 
 " We thank Thee for the honored examples of those who, 
 patient in study and earnest in teaching, have here upheld 
 lofty ideals of learning and scholarship and service; and for 
 the noble work of those who inspired and trained here have 
 carried the spirit and fame of this university to other places, 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 11 
 
 and have kindled lights that fling back from afar the bright- 
 ness of their source. 
 
 " Glad and grateful we celebrate together this day of 
 rejoicing, with tears and honor for those whom sickness 
 prevents from meeting with us. 
 
 "Abundantly hast Thou blessed us; we dare not ask for 
 greater favors. Only continue Thine inspirations unto us 
 and help us be faithful to the heavenly vision. 
 
 " Upon us all gathered here, and upon the whole fraternity 
 of Clark men everywhere, may Thy constant benediction 
 rest. Amen." 
 
 Following the invocation, Dr. John S. French, President 
 of the Alumni Association, gave the 
 
 ADDRESS OF WELCOME 
 
 Twenty-seven years ago, on these grounds, there was laid 
 the cornerstone of a building designed to house a university. 
 To-day in that building we are celebrating the passing of 
 the first quarter century in the life of that university. 
 
 Founded on the belief that the summum bonum of life, be 
 it spiritual, intellectual, or material, is based on the search 
 for truth, and dedicated to the principles that this highest 
 of attainments is achieved through scientific research and 
 productive scholarship, the life of Clark University has been 
 one continuous demonstration of unquestioned faith in and 
 unswerving loyalty to the precept that, among others, breadth 
 of thought, impartiality of observation, freedom of action, are 
 component forces whose resultant is expressed with suc- 
 cinctness by the university motto, " Let there be light." 
 
 The struggle of Clark University to maintain her standards 
 in spite of the conflictions of a somewhat doubting profession, 
 augmented by the successful pursuit of her leaders, these 
 captains of intellectual industry, who with philosophy and 
 science as guides are penetrating the labyrinth of nature's 
 riddles and showing, without question, the supremacy of 
 scientific order over the mere chance of empiricism, these 
 have cast an effulgence on her history as bright as the noon- 
 day sun and have made a chapter in that great study of 
 
12 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 humanity which even the dismal flood of a dark age of irre- 
 sponsibiHty cotild not blot out. 
 
 It is indeed a splendid thing for us here gathered to pay 
 tribute to the memory of those who have gone before us and 
 to decorate with the symbolism of victory those who are 
 carrying on the warfare to emancipate mankind from the 
 pernicious vagaries of mediaevalism and give to posterity 
 the priceless heritage of a new freedom secured through the 
 conquest of nature thus made tributary to the will of man. 
 
 If, however, the function of this meeting were one of 
 commemoration only, if we were gathered here simply to 
 recall past achievements and to worship at the shrines of 
 our master saints, the significance of this celebration would 
 indeed be superficial and its purpose transitory. It is stag- 
 nancy when one accepts in contentment the achievements 
 of the past as sufficient unto to-day; nor should one limit 
 himself to the narrow confines of the present for such fatal- 
 ism is anarchistic. Not as an idle boast but as a dynamic 
 possibihty should we pause for reflection and with reverence 
 for her noble past, renew our allegiance to the work in which 
 she stands a pioneer. 
 
 Let us pHght our faith in her future as once she showed 
 her faith in us; let us be of good courage and of strong hearts 
 in the hope of her continued greatness; and with a love which 
 transcends words, let us magnify her and exalt her name 
 together. And so as the embodiment of that most wondrous of 
 triunes, " Faith, hope, love," let us all, you her neighbors, our- 
 selves her offspring, pledge fidelity to her service, and as she 
 
 " — Goes forth to war, 
 
 A kingly crown to gain; 
 O God, to us may grace be given 
 
 To follow in her train." 
 
 Nor should we look upon this as a task only in so far as 
 a duty is a task and let this be measured by devoutness, for 
 devotion to duty is one of the evidences in the final test of 
 engendered ideals and principles without which no institu- 
 tion can endure. What a vista may thus be opened to us, 
 verily a promised land teeming with opportunity, but gained 
 only by consistent effort. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 13 
 
 And here one might pause to ask, " Is it all worth while ? " 
 To which comes the unqualified answer, " It is worth while 
 for that above all else is worth while which has as its function 
 making each generation better fitted to take up its problems, 
 fearlessly, honestly, forcefully, than have been those that 
 have come before." 
 
 It is fitting, then, for us here assembled, to rededicate this 
 university to the advancement of science on its loftiest plane 
 and to pledge ourselves anew to the cause so magnificently 
 begun. 
 
 With this in mind, therefore, it is with the greatest of 
 fehcity that we invite you to participate in these festivities 
 and welcome you as co-operators in the inauguration of a 
 new era in the life of this, a mecca of scientific achievement. 
 
 HYMN 
 
 God of Our Fathers, Whose Almighty Hand 
 
 Trumpets before each verse 
 
 God of our fathers, Whose almighty hand 
 Leads forth in beauty all the starry band 
 Of shining worlds in splendor thro' the skies. 
 Our grateful songs before Thy throne arise. 
 
 Thy love divine hath led us in the past, 
 In this free land by Thee our lot is cast; 
 Be Thou our ruler, guardian, guide and stay. 
 Thy word our law. Thy paths our chosen way. 
 
 From war's alarms, from deadly pestilence, 
 Be Thy strong arm our ever sure defense; 
 Thy true religion in our hearts increase. 
 Thy bounteous goodness nourish us in peace. 
 
 Refresh Thy people on their toilsome way, 
 Lead us from night to never-ending day; 
 Fill all our lives with love and grace divine, 
 And glory, laud and praise be ever Thine. 
 
 Introducing Dr. Hall, Dr. French said: — 
 
 Clark University, whose twenty-fifth birthday we are 
 
 celebrating to-day, stands as one of the landmarks which 
 
 give luster to the fair name of Worcester. Worcester — rich 
 
 in the manifoldness of its enterprises, far-famed as the home 
 
14 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 of skilled industry, pre-eminent as a center of learning, 
 supreme as the birthplace and center of radiation of a world- 
 wide university. The guiding hand of genius which charted 
 this institution's course and has, from her inception, shaped 
 her destiny is still at the helm and our prayer to-day is that 
 many years to come shall find him, with that same humility 
 which marks greatness, presenting new fields for investiga- 
 tion, inspiring his disciples with high ideals, fostering the 
 spirit of a scientific nobility. Shall we all stand and do honor 
 to our beloved President Stanley Hall. 
 
 The ovation to Dr. Hall as he rose to speak was a 
 splendid tribute to him ; it was one of the distinct evidences 
 of the day, of the genuine devotion of Worcester's people to 
 Clark University and her leader. 
 
 After the applause had subsided Dr. Hall gave his 
 address on 
 
 CONTEMPORARY UNIVERSITY PROBLEMS 
 
 The story of Clark University during the quarter century 
 of its existence, the close of which we celebrate today with the 
 alumni, under the inspiring guidance of Dr. French and his 
 committee, has in some respects no parallel in academic his- 
 tory. Especially the first few year^ of our annals have both 
 brighter and darker pages than I can find in the records of 
 any university. Thirteen of us instructors had taught or 
 taken degrees at the Johns Hopkins, and we left that institu- 
 tion, which had added a new and higher story to the American 
 university when it was at the very apex of its prosperity and 
 hence were naturally inspired with the ideal of taking the 
 inevitable next step upward, as indeed were all the other 
 members of our original faculty, which was remarkable, if not 
 unprecedented here, in its quality. Of the no less notable 
 original Board of Trustees, every member of which has now 
 passed away (while death has not once invaded the ranks of 
 our professorial corps), the triumvirate, Hoar, Devens and 
 Washburn, who stood nearest to Mr. Clark, as his executive 
 committee of all work, estimated the resources that were ulti- 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 15 
 
 mately to be at our disposal at from eight to twelve million 
 dollars, and very likely more. 
 
 I was at the outset sent on an eight months' trip to Europe, 
 with several score letters of introduction, including one from 
 the national government which gave me access to the inside 
 workings of Kultus Ministeria and university circles and 
 archives, so that my trip constituted a pedagogic journey I 
 think almost without precedent. Twenty-five years ago these 
 very weeks I was on this unique mission and was surprised to 
 find the most eminent men of learning in Europe profoundly 
 interested in it, and so lavish with their time, sympathy and 
 counsel. I was entertained by Lord Kelvin, Pasteur, Helm- 
 holtz, Jowett, and some scores of others of the greatest living 
 leaders in scientific thought, went on a trip of inspection of 
 German universities as the guest of the Prussian Minister of 
 Education, von Gosslar, and, perhaps most embarrassing of 
 all, was taken in state by General Trepanoff on a visit to the 
 two great Russian military schools near St. Petersburg, in 
 each of which an all day's program of military evolutions had 
 been arranged for my special edification, was a guest of honor 
 at a meeting of Swedish universities, etc. My instructions 
 from Mr. Clark had been to see everything and every insti- 
 tution possible, collect building plans, budgets, administration 
 methods of every kind, and find out a few of the best men 
 who might be willing to come to a new institution here, but 
 to engage no one but to be ready to negotiate with them later. 
 The amazement to me was how lavish everybody was of ad- 
 vice, how cherished and often how elaborate were the ideals 
 of university men, many if not most of whom seemed to have 
 imagined installations of their own departments rivaling not 
 only Bacon's House of Solomon, but sometimes almost sug- 
 gesting apocryphal vision. From my voluminous notes of that 
 trip could be compiled ideals lofty, numerous and far-reaching 
 enough to inspire all the universities of the world for a cen- 
 tury, and to organize a new one here for the conduct of which 
 ten times ten million dollars would be sadly inadequate. 
 
 They gave me plans of the then new four million dollar 
 university building at Vienna, of the new Sorbonne at Paris, 
 its rival, of the complete new university which Bismarck had 
 
16 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 established at Strasburg to show Elsass-Lorraine, which Ger- 
 many had just annexed, and to show especially France, what 
 the Teutons really meant by higher education, of the newly 
 built university at Kiel, in which Germany sought to impress 
 upon the Scandinavians the same object-lesson, in her newly 
 acquired Schleswig-Holstein, and which was designed to com- 
 pete with the neighboring university of Copenhagen, just as 
 she rehabilitated Koenigsburg to impress the same lesson upon 
 the nearby Russian rival institution at Dorpat. I was given in 
 some cases the secret etat and the unprinted Statuten of the 
 universities, — all this until I felt an almost Tarpeian embar- 
 rassment, especially as I was in nearly all these places utterly 
 unknown and an object of interest solely because of my unique 
 mission. I found young professors prone to see visions, and old 
 ones to dream dreams, each for his own department, that all 
 a king's ransom would be inadequate to make real. Of all this 
 I wrote Mr. Clark and my colleagues here awaiting the great 
 instauration. The harvest home-coming, with all these sheaves 
 of suggestion and inspiration, marked the zenith of great ex- 
 pectation and of hope tiptoe on the mountain-top. For years 
 and sometimes even yet, European savants who first heard of 
 Worcester from me and have since known it only as the home 
 of Clark University, seemed often, to our great embarrass- 
 ment, to assume that many or most of the ideals that we then 
 discussed together are now realized in this golden land of 
 promise, and rank us far above our own modest sense of our 
 deserts. 
 
 If I came home slightly intoxicated with academic ideals, so 
 v/ere all of us in some degree, according to our temperament, 
 but a reality that was sobering enough soon confronted us. I 
 cannot enter here upon the details of our disappointments, 
 culminating in the tragic hegira to Chicago and elsewhere of 
 three-fifths of our faculty. If ever there was an academic 
 tragedy, a via crucis, a veritable descent into Avemus, it was 
 here. The story of these years has been carefully written out, 
 with everybody heard from, and all the divergent interpreta- 
 tions of what occurred and what it meant faithfully set down, 
 and filed away in our archives, and perhaps after another- 
 twenty-five years or yet another, it may be published. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 17 
 
 Suffice it to say that although we started with far less than, 
 justifiably or not, we had hoped for, we began the fourth year, 
 1893-94, with only about one-fourth of the total annual re- 
 sources that we had the first year. In the seven years that 
 followed, down to the founder's death in 1900, we had for all 
 purposes only 4% of the income of $600,000 plus that of 
 $100,000 more for the library, that is, less than $30,000. 
 Several of us who remained here were tempted by larger 
 ofifers to what seemed more promising fields, but, on the whole, 
 and I believe no one regrets it, we elected to stand by here. 
 These lean years were, however, characterized by two features. 
 First, they were years of unique harmony. There was no 
 friction. We stood and worked shoulder to shoulder. And 
 this is of prime importance in a small institution like this. In 
 a great university discords can and always do occur, but here, 
 where discontent in any department disturbs the whole institu- 
 tion, accord is one of the prime necessities. The other feature 
 of these years was intense devotion to research and to teaching, 
 and our productiveness, whether compared with our numbers 
 or our income, has never been greater, and indeed, I wonder 
 if that of any other institution has been greater relatively to 
 its size. Perhaps the alumni of these days were, and will ever 
 be, a little nearer to the center of the hearts of those who went 
 through them, and it is significant, and can be no cause of 
 jealousy to others, that it is they who are leading in the epoch- 
 making activities that center about to-day and mark this as 
 the date from which henceforth our alumni will be a potent 
 factor in our future history. Their newly and well organized 
 support, their enthusiasm for the spirit of research, which is 
 our inspiration, will henceforth greatly reenforce all our best 
 efforts here and be an inspiration to our future development. 
 
 With the dawn of the century came also the college, which 
 has given us 51 students who have already taken degrees in 
 the last eight years, although it has its own independent pur- 
 pose. As to it, we are brethren, children of the same parent 
 or, to change the figure, a married couple, and unlike married 
 couples we can never be divorced, so that he who would make 
 discord between us is an enemy to both, and every man who 
 helps the other is a friend to both. Any encroachment of each 
 
18 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 Upon the other's domain or any effort to profit or exalt the 
 one at the other's expense, is bringing discord into sacred 
 family relations. Our two-in-one or dual unity is unique, 
 delicate, imposes new responsibilities and presents also in- 
 spiring possibilities for a new solution of some of the 
 highest academic problems. I think we can truly say that 
 each is now a noble stimulus to the other. We are proud 
 of the college and we are so just in proportion as we know 
 and understand its problems, aspirations and achieve- 
 ments. We are proud of the name and the work of its 
 first great president and of the rare men he brought here, 
 whose growth in knowledge and power, together with 
 those of the college alumni whom they trained in his day, 
 constitute his living monument, and we of the university 
 salute the college colors in our decorations to-day, and hail 
 with pride and give our heartiest Godspeed to the second presi- 
 dent of the college, who is not only carrying out the ideals he 
 inherited of a three years' course of non-athletic and citizen- 
 building functions, but is going further and making the college 
 a leader and light among others in the land. Would some one 
 would offer a prize for some pregnant symbol, seal or even 
 slogan or song typifying this unique conjunction, which col- 
 lege and university should forever unite to use ! Could we not 
 fitly commemorate this occasion by a new resolve that there 
 shall never be tension or strain between us, and that a policy 
 of mutual help shall henceforth animate us both ? 
 
 In the recent voluminous Ptterature on colleges, so much 
 under discussion of late, we have several characterizations of 
 the ideal college professor, and these agree pretty well. He 
 must be a good man, a model citizen, a gentleman and a 
 scholar, a teacher born, made or both, tactful, and in close per- 
 sonal relations with his students, anxious and able to teach 
 them all they are capable of learning in his department, a man 
 whose character will be normative and influential for good, 
 fitting students, not for the university, nor even for profes- 
 sional or technical careers chiefly, but for their work in life in 
 general, and evoking all their powers. Noble as are all these 
 traits of nature and nurture, and rare as is their combination, 
 and exacting as are the conditions of instruction and parental 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 19 
 
 care, many college professors go further and are not even 
 content with the useful work of making text-books but really 
 add to the sum of human knowledge by their researches, and 
 it is a satisfaction to us that so many of those here are with 
 and of us in this respect. 
 
 For the university professor research is his prime function. 
 He must specialize more sharply, must not only keep in con- 
 stant and vital rapport with everything that every creative 
 mind is doing in his field the world over, but he must hear and 
 lay to heart every syllable that the muse of his department 
 utters to every co-worker everywhere, and best of all, she 
 must also speak new words through him. There is a vital 
 sense in which he stands in closer relation to his co-workers 
 in other lands than to his colleagues in the same institution. 
 The chief momentum of the vital push-up in him impels him 
 to penetrate ever a little farther into the unknown, to erect 
 some kiosk in Kamtchatka, where he can wrest some new 
 secret from the sphynx, who has far more to reveal than all 
 she has yet told. Whenever he grows impotent to do this, 
 he becomes only an emeritus knight of the holy ghost of sci- 
 ence. Studies of the age when men in various departments 
 do their best work show that scientists are the oldest of all 
 the creators of culture values on the average, but that there 
 is more individual variation, so that they cross the dead line 
 both older and younger than any others. It is one of the 
 hardest things in the world to be and remain a productive in- 
 vestigator. There are so many journals and books to be read, 
 so many and constant alterations and adaptations, needful to 
 press the questions we ask nature home and to get an answer, 
 such changes of method and apparatus, so much that was 
 yesterday new and will tomorrow be obsolete if we would not 
 abandon what Janet calls " la fonction du reelle," and take 
 some kind of flight from reality and its ever pressing devoir 
 present. But if research is hard and the life it demands beset 
 v/ith dangers, so that many are always falling by the way 
 without giving any sign of their demise to outsiders, this 
 work has its supreme reward, and I cannot believe that there 
 is any joy life has to offer quite so great as the Eureka joy of 
 a new discovery. 
 
20 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 Not only this work itself but its conditions are amazingly 
 complex, unstable, and ever shifting. Just at present it seems 
 to me that academic unrest was never quite so great the world 
 over, and that the near future never promised so many im- 
 portant changes. Some abuses, great and small, have of late 
 grown rank and demand remedy. Certain vicious tendencies 
 must be corrected and reforms made. Bear with me if I ask 
 you to glance briefly at a few of these. 
 
 Beginning with the Teutonic countries, since 1907 the assist- 
 ant professors and docents have developed a strong inter- 
 institutional organization against the head or full professors. 
 The unprecedentedly rapid growth in the size of the student 
 body everywhere has resulted in what Eulenberg calls a lush 
 " Nachwuchs " of assistants of all grades. Statistics show 
 that on the average the Extraordinarii or assistant professors 
 receive this appointment at the age of 37, at an average salary 
 of $523, and remain in this position nearly 20 years, attaining 
 an average salary of $1,200, before promotion, at the average 
 age of 57. These now constitute, with the docents, about half 
 the teaching personnel of German institutions, and they often 
 have neither seat nor vote in the faculty and little par- 
 ticipation in the corporate life of the institution. In the 
 municipal university which opens at Frankfurt next fall 
 it was even proposed to have a president of the American 
 type, to safeguard the assistants against the oppression of the 
 full professors. A few years ago Tiibingen, and last year 
 Ziirich, radically revised their ancient statutes to remedy these 
 evils, and the projected university at Hamburg will go yet 
 further. The two new universities in Hungary, at Pressburg 
 and Debreczen, and the private one at Hongkong, — these grant 
 more liberty and show more appreciation of the enthusiasm 
 and ideals of the younger members of the faculty. Even 
 students in Germany have caught the spirit of unrest, if not 
 revolution, and now have a strong inter-institutional organiza- 
 tion, and their pamphlets are boldly demanding better methods 
 of teaching, printed outlines of professors' lectures, are trying 
 to develop a sentiment that no instructor shall ever repeat in a 
 lecture anything he has ever published, are calling for more 
 options, especially more freedom of choice in the selection of 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 21 
 
 subjects for their theses and more meaty topics for them that 
 do not make their work ancillary to that of the professor, 
 more personal rights to what they produce or discover in 
 them, a longer period of hospitieren or of trying out each 
 course before they finally sign for it, more and better semi- 
 naries with better tests for admission, more practical courses, 
 better access to books, journals and library facilities generally, 
 less over-crowding and more elimination all the way from 
 Ober-Sekunda in the Gymnasium to the doctorate, better 
 social opportunities, dormitories, more personal contact with 
 the professors, less restrictions on their personal liberty, re- 
 form of the corps, honor system, and the Mensur. This un- 
 rest, although it seems ominous to conservatism, cannot fail 
 to prevent waste and bring reform. 
 
 In the English universities agitation has had many recent 
 expressions, from Lord Curzon's demand for reforms in 1909 
 on to Tillgard's of last year. Here the protestants grant that 
 these institutions still breed the flower of national life, the Eng- 
 lish gentleman, but demand better library facilities than the 
 individual colleges, with their wasteful duplication, afford, and 
 especially more of what the critics so strenuously insist is still 
 lacking and that parliament should enforce, namely, more 
 teaching and research. Thus the deepening sense that some- 
 thing rather radical must be done seems now crystallizing into 
 just what that something should be. In France and in Russia 
 unrest is greater and reforms are more loudly demanded. 
 
 In this country academic unrest has been largely directed 
 against organization and administration. In old days the 
 college president, though he usually taught, was supreme and 
 autocratic, and as leading institutions grew and he ceased to 
 teach, the concentration of power in his hands became al- 
 together excessive. The foundation of new institutions, the 
 Hopkins, and a little later Stanford and Chicago, greatly 
 augmented his power under our system. He had to deter- 
 mine the departments, select professors, fix their status, 
 build, organize, represent the institution to the board and 
 public, perhaps the legislature, plunge into the mad, waste- 
 ful competition for students and money, lay supply pipes to 
 every institution that could fit. Never was the presidential 
 
22 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 function so suddenly enlarged nor its power so great and un- 
 controlled as a decade or two ago. Even the University of 
 Virginia and other southern universities, which had only a 
 president of the faculty, elected by its members, fell into line, 
 and a reaction toward democratization, which in its extreme 
 form seemed sometimes almost to adopt a slogan, " Delindus 
 est prex," was inevitable. In the Cattell movement abundant 
 incidents of arrogance and arbitrary, if not usurped, power 
 were collected, and it was even insisted that although charters 
 or conditions of bequest, to say nothing of American tradition, 
 would have to be reversed, it was urged that the president 
 should be only chairman of the faculty, elected perhaps annu- 
 ally by them, and in the literature of this movement we find 
 occasionally the radical plea that some or all of the powers of 
 the board should be turned over to the faculty, who should at 
 least be given control of the annual budget. More lately the 
 movement of protest here is against the autocracy of the dean, 
 whom the president had created in his own image, and who 
 sometimes exercises a power that he would never dare to do, 
 and who in large institutions has constructed a mechanism of 
 rules, methods, procedures, standards, which have almost 
 come to monopolize the deliberations of the Association of 
 American Universities, which fortunately cannot prescribe or 
 legislate for its individual members. University deans have 
 often created rules which they themselves can suspend for 
 individuals, and this has greatly augmented their power. It 
 is they largely who have broken up knowledge into standard- 
 ized units of hours, weeks, terms, credits, blocking every short 
 cut for superior minds and making a bureaucracy which re- 
 presses personal initiative and legitimate ambition. Just now 
 perhaps we hear most remonstrance against head professors 
 and statements that the assistant professors and younger in- 
 structors in their departments are entirely at their mercy, that 
 they are burdened with the drudgery of drills, examinations, 
 markings, all at small pay, while their chiefs take the credit, 
 so that the best years of the best young men, who are the 
 most precious asset of any institution, or even of civilization, 
 are wasted. Indeed we have vivid pictures of the hardships 
 which often crush out the ambitions of young aspirants for 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 23 
 
 professional honors and tend to make them, if they ever do 
 arrive, parts of a machine with no ideals of what sacred 
 academic freedom really means. Happily now the best senti- 
 ment of the best professors now organizing inter-institutionally 
 to safeguard their own interests and those of their institutions, 
 stands for a most wholesome and needed movement which is 
 sure to prevail. 
 
 So far I submit to you and to my colleagues that Clark 
 University, not through any wisdom or virtue of its president, 
 although perhaps a little through the fact that he is a teacher 
 and does not spend all his time in organizing, but owing to its 
 small size, its unprecedented absence of rules, its utterly un- 
 trammeled academic freedom, is to-day in a position to lead 
 and not follow in the wake of this movement. No one here 
 wants autocratic personal power but we do all want the best 
 attainable, whatever it is. Each department here is almost as 
 independent and autonomous as if there were no other. We 
 have no deans, few assistant professors, and so no tyranny of 
 departmental heads, no complaints on the part of students, as 
 in Germany, that we are not doing the best we can for them, 
 so that this world-wide movement for academic reform we 
 ought to consider as a great and new opportunity to us all, 
 trustees and faculties, at this psychological moment to realize 
 our own advantage, and to carefully look over our present 
 system and see if we cannot use this opportunity to begin the 
 new quarter century with our lamps retrimmed and burning 
 bright, and alert and profiting by every suggestion that the 
 academic Zeitgeist is now murmuring like the Socratic daemon 
 in our ears. 
 
 Let us, then, look our present situation and ourselves frankly 
 in the face. With the indefatigable labors of Senator Hoar in 
 securing a just and legal execution of Mr. Clark's difficult will, 
 labors which some of his colleagues in the board thought 
 almost justified us in calling him our second founder, with a 
 board more active and interested in our affairs, external and 
 internal, than ever before, as their cooperation in this com- 
 memoration typifies, with our funds better invested and yield- 
 ing a trifle more than they have ever done, with an admirable 
 library, the creation, body and soul, of Dr. Wilson, who has 
 
24 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 the greatest genius of friendship of us all, with the re-estab- 
 lishment of the department of chemistry, which was dropped 
 for a few years, with the increase of salaries, from time to time, 
 as far as means permitted, inadequate though most of these 
 still are compared with the increased cost of living, with more 
 departments and professors and instructors, we seem to have 
 entered upon a settled period of prosperity and growth that 
 promises that the next quarter of a century will far transcend 
 the past, and now that all the perturbations of the first forma- 
 tive era are over, we can look forward with confidence that 
 the university will go on in the general direction it has already 
 so faithfully held to during its period of storm and stress, 
 in saecula saeculorum. 
 
 We have no greater distinction than that which has come 
 from always preferring quality, attainment and ability to num- 
 bers, and that these standards may never be lowered is the 
 most heartfelt wish and prayer of all of us. My greatest joy 
 today is in the spontaneous testimonials of appreciation and 
 loyalty of our alumni in leaving their work and coming here, 
 at this most inconvenient season and sometimes from a great 
 distance, and giving us or wording their cordial personal greet- 
 ing and Godspeed, and even in contributing, not out of their 
 abundance, for most of them are moderately paid professors 
 like ourselves, but from a sense of gratitude and as a token of 
 good will, to the fellowships which constitute our very greatest 
 need. 
 
 Turning to the future, the changes we need here are largely 
 but by no means wholly in harvesting what we sowed at the 
 start and assiduously cultivated ever since, for which the time 
 is now ripe. It would be preposterous to lay out our course 
 now for another quarter century. We must always maintain 
 keen orientation in an ever wider and more intricate field. 
 To my mind there should always be a specialist here and 
 in every institution in what might be called the higher ped- 
 agogy and in academic history, whose business it is to keep 
 keenly alive to all that is doing in academic life the world 
 over. Especially now, when these changes are so rapid, some 
 one must spend much time in the outlook tower, and I would 
 even hazard the strong opinion that had foreign institutions 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 25 
 
 had a specialist in the conning tower, intent on studying the 
 ever changing signs of the times and trained in academic 
 statesmanship, many, if not most, of the errors that have 
 caused our own and foreign universities so much waste of 
 energy in recent years, might have been avoided. 
 
 The time is at hand when university rectorates, presidencies, 
 chancellorships, or whatever their name, can no longer be filled 
 by any professor or even outsider who can secure , election, 
 but will require men who, whatever else they are or know, are 
 experts in the history of the higher culture and its institutions, 
 from the four great academies of antiquity down, who know 
 the story of mediaeval universities of the church and then of 
 the state, of the guilds of scholars, the rise and present status 
 of learned societies and academies, the great reforms of the 
 past and the yet more significant reconstructions now evolving, 
 the governmental patronage of learning and research, from 
 the day of the Medici down to contemporary legislation for 
 higher institutions, national and state, present-day centraliza- 
 tion and the efforts against it in France, the many universities 
 lately established by colonial policies, the world-wide movement 
 of university extension. He must suggest ways and means to 
 his colleagues for achieving their own even if unconscious 
 ideals, help free investigators to be the supermen they are called 
 to be, each in his own way, have a minimum of arbitrary au- 
 thority and a maximum of faculty co5peration, catch and sym- 
 pathetically respond to and find his chief inspiration in the 
 fondest, highest, if secret, aspirations of each of his co-workers, 
 who must not be content with the stale ways of the present per- 
 fervid competition for dollars and students or with the mere 
 horizontal expansion, the multiplication of machinery or de- 
 vices for efficiency of factory type, but study precedents, cul- 
 ture trends, and believe profoundly in the power of faculty 
 democratization and do his utmost to develop it, regardless of 
 his own personal or official prestige or authority. On the con- 
 tinent, mayors are trained professional experts, and cities vie 
 with each other competitively for their services and find they 
 can Vv-ell afford to do so, for their special training means 
 vast economies. Universities in this country if not the world 
 over, are more nearly ready than are cities to profit by this 
 
26 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 example, and their gain thereby would be even greater. 
 Twenty years ago Professor Paulsen of Berlin, the best repre- 
 sentative of the higher pedagogy I plead for which that country 
 has yet produced, warned German universities of the very 
 dangers which have now waxed so grave, and with which 
 they are battling, and the presidents here have only too good 
 reason to look either with jealousy or with hope, according 
 to their temperament, upon the now rapid addition of the 
 higher story of academic pedagogy to the old schoolmaster's 
 pedagogy of the grammar and high school, and development 
 in this direction is another of the pregnant signs of the future. 
 
 Think of the changes since we began. Many special lines 
 of research have their own institutions where little or no 
 formal teaching is done, like astronomic observatories, the 
 Rockefeller Institute, Wood's Holl, Cold Springs Harbor, the 
 Carnegie Institute, with all the possibilities of his will, the 
 question of a national university, always with us, just now 
 of the Fess hundred million dollar type, to be devoted chiefly 
 to research, the enormous expansion of teacher-training in 
 nearly every higher institution of this country, a movement 
 that is almost without precedent in its magnitude and sud- 
 denness, the augmented stress laid upon practical applications 
 of pure science, — these constitute a new environment, as 
 also do the active and well organized but silent field agencies 
 of most large institutions both to recruit students, with com- 
 peting agents at the ear of every boy who thinks of going 
 on, and also to place their graduates in every academic 
 vacancy. These are problems to which a presidential or other 
 agency must give great and growing attention and for which 
 the president of the future must have special training, and 
 in which also the faculty must share the burdens of adminis- 
 trative responsibility since questions must often be decided 
 one way or the other while those who determine them are 
 uncertain, themselves, so that criticism accumulates. 
 
 As to professors, the best of them make an almost unpre- 
 cedented sacrifice and could have achieved the highest suc- 
 cess in financial, professional, political (witness President 
 Wilson) and other lines. They know the price they pay and 
 are willing to pay it, but must have as their compensation 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 27 
 
 the boon of security and liberty to teach and investigate freely 
 what and how they will. The university professorate, too, 
 means not only the cult of specialization but of individuality. 
 Even idiosyncrasies are to be not only tolerated but respected 
 and perhaps welcomed. The university should be the freest 
 spot on earth, where human nature in its most variegated and 
 acuminated types can blossom and bear fruit. The factory 
 type of efficiency has no place there. Each must make him- 
 self as efficient as possible but in his own way and inde- 
 pendently of all external circumstances, and without the mul- 
 tiplication of machinery, so that an able organizer with nothing 
 to do but to administer might prove an unmitigated curse to 
 all the best things a professor and even a university stand for. 
 
 Thus now I, who with one tiny exception have never, dur- 
 ing all these twenty-five years, to a single citizen of Worcester 
 hinted at a donation, will say a word which I wish 
 all would hear and consider. We greatly need and shall 
 always need more funds to strengthen existing and to found 
 new departments. Though we bear another name, we are, 
 fellow citizens, your University of Worcester. In all the 
 spheres we touch, we have spread the name and added to 
 the fame of this Heart of the Commonwealth. If we had 
 ten million dollars more, not one of us would gain personally 
 but should only have more work, for we are only administer- 
 ing the highest of charities. 
 
 If you doubt that this is the highest, listen to the con- 
 clusion of the report of the most elaborate parliamentary com- 
 mission Great Britain ever knew, of forty volumes and nearly 
 nineteen years in the making, covering all British charities 
 of every kind, more than twenty thousand in all, which is : 
 that of all objects of charity, the highest education has proven 
 wisest, best, and most efficient of all, and that for two chief 
 reasons, first because the superior integrity and ability of the 
 trustees who consent to administer such funds, together with 
 the intelligent appreciation of those aided by them, combine 
 to furnish the best guarantee that they will be kept perpetually 
 administered in the purpose and spirit of the founder whose 
 name they bear; and second, because in approving higher 
 education all other good causes are most effectually aided. 
 
28 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 Since the first endowment of research in the Greek academy, 
 porch, grove and garden, from which all our higher institu- 
 tions have sprung, thousands of spontaneous free will offer- 
 ings have borne tangible witness to the sentiment so often and 
 vividly taught by Plato, that in all the world there is no 
 object more worthy of reverence, love and service, and none 
 that it pays a civilization better to help to its fullest develop- 
 ment than well-born, well-bred, gifted, trained young men 
 who desire to be masters in an age when experts decide all 
 things, for in them is the hope and the future leadership of 
 the race, and to help them to more of the knowledge that is 
 power is the highest service of one generation to the next. 
 And how this has appealed to all ages! Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge have 1, 800 separate endowed fellowships and scholar- 
 ships, to say nothing of the smaller exhibitions. Leipzig has 
 407 distinct funds, the oldest dating 1325, and wherever the 
 higher academic life has flourished we find scores of memorials 
 bearing the names of husbands, wives, parents, children, and 
 providing for students of some special class, locality, or estab- 
 lishing or benefiting some new department or line of investi- 
 gation, theoretical or practical; and now that the rapport of 
 business, government, and all social and cultural institutions 
 was never so close, all who give greatly and wisely, or who 
 make or suggest bequests, have a new noblesse oblige to con- 
 sider. 
 
 Cold facts and figures finally show a few things that I beg 
 you all to ponder now. These are, that compared either with 
 the size of our faculty, the number of departments, or our 
 annual budget, we have fitted more men for higher degrees, 
 seen more of them in academic chairs, where they are found 
 in all the leading institutions of the land, including some dozen 
 of presidencies, first and last, published more original contri- 
 butions which seek to add to the sum of the world's knowl- 
 edge, have a larger proportion of members of our faculty 
 starred as of first rank in Cattell's census of the competent, 
 had closer personal and often daily contact with students, and 
 given more individual help outside of classes, had more aca- 
 demic freedom (for no one in our history has ever suffered 
 in any way for his opinions), had more autonomy in our 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 29 
 
 departments, each of which is a law to itself, had less rules 
 and formalities of every kind, and had a president who was 
 less president and more teacher, good or bad, spent less time 
 in devising ways and means of seeking contributions from our 
 friends here, advertised less and avoided all publicity more, 
 until now, when I am, jubt for this one moment, throwing all 
 our traditions of silence, modesty, absence of boasting about 
 our work, to the winds. In these respects we exceed any of 
 the other twenty-one institutions of the Association of Ameri- 
 can Universities, 
 
 This Clark University means, has stood for and will for- 
 ever stand for, and this is why we all love and have put the 
 best twenty-five years of our lives into her service and wish 
 we all had another quarter of a century to serve her better, 
 This is what brings you alumni back with your offerings, 
 your loyalty and hearty good wishes. This is the university 
 not made with hands, eternal in the world of science and 
 learning. Clark University is not a structure but it is a state 
 of mind, for wherever these ideals reign Clark men are at 
 home, and all who have them are our friends and brothers. 
 
 It is this ideal that sustained us in our darkest days and 
 now lights up the future with a new glow. Is there any joy 
 of service to be compared with that of the investigator who 
 has wrung a new secret from the heart of nature, listening 
 when she has whispered a single syllable of truth unuttered 
 before, who has been able to add a single stone to the great 
 temple of learning, the noblest of all the structures ever reared 
 by man? Is there any more religious calling than thus think- 
 ing God's thoughts after him, and proclaiming the gospel of 
 truth to confirm faith, prevent illness, deepen self-knowledge 
 and that of society, industry, give us mastery over the physi- 
 cal, chemical, biological energies that control the world, and 
 develop mathematics, the language of all who think exactly, 
 a language which all sciences tend to speak in proportion as 
 they become complete? This is why research is religious and 
 the knowledge gained in the laboratory to-day may set free 
 energies that benefit the whole race to-morrow. Is not an 
 institution devoted, heart and soul, to this sort of work, the 
 
30 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 best thing any community can have in its midst, and should 
 it not be cherished as the heart of this " Heart of the Com- 
 monwealth ? " 
 
 Dr. French introduced Dr. Bumpus in the following 
 words : — 
 
 I take keen pleasure in presenting to you as the second 
 speaker of the afternoon Hermon Carey Bumpus, first to 
 receive in course from this University the degree of Doctor 
 of Philosophy, and first of her Alumni to be honored by her 
 with the degree of Doctor of Laws, an administrative expert 
 who has contributed much to make the University of Wis- 
 consin the world's leader in the application of science to 
 every industry within its borders. The subject of his address 
 is, " The Ideal of a University." — Dr. Bumpus. 
 
 THE IDEAL OF A UNIVERSITY 
 
 Your Program Committee has given me the subject, 
 " The Ideal of a University; its Purposes and Ambitions," 
 and has expressed the hope that what may be said will serve 
 as a call to high standards and as a summoning from false 
 gods, if false gods exist, to the end that the people here 
 assembled may be given a clear statement of the proper 
 function of a University. 
 
 It is pleasant to engage in this task because the ideals, 
 the purposes, and the ambitions of Clark University as 
 announced twenty-five years ago constituted a call to high 
 standards; a call that was clear and irresistibly attractive; 
 a call that was not issued by false gods; and because the 
 call of to-day is for even loftier ideals, higher purposes, and 
 greater ambitions. Indeed, no student trained at Clark 
 University would admit that an ideal attained is aught but 
 a means for elevating other ideals, that any good purpose 
 can be fixed, definitely limited and impossible of improve- 
 ment, or that an ambition can be in the highest sense worthy 
 if it is irresponsive to collateral changes. Graduates of 
 Clark believe in progress, in the process of evolution, and 
 therefore our present ideal of what universities should be is 
 based upon our impression of universities as they are, tem- 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 31 
 
 pered, by what we feel, they should become — it being under- 
 stood that any ideal may lie just beyond the horizon of 
 possible reality. 
 
 The university owes its origin and its earlier development 
 to a single purpose — a place for instruction. It has recently 
 become a dual institution — a place for instruction and in- 
 vestigation. It is destined to become also a place de^'^oted 
 to public service. 
 
 In the twelfth century men gathered at Bologna and 
 Paris by the tens of thousands that they might listen to 
 teachers. In the thirteenth century teachers at Oxford and 
 Cambridge drew throngs from England and the Continent. 
 Harvard College in the seventeenth century, Yale, Princeton, 
 Pennsylvania, Columbia, and Brown in the eighteenth, and 
 hundreds of colleges and universities during the nineteenth 
 century, all had teaching as their primary purpose. Thus 
 for a long time universities have been instructional institu- 
 tions, places where people convened that they might receive 
 information about other people and places. Professors 
 occupying positions in these institutions were revered, not 
 for what they had themselves done, but because of their 
 success in relating what other people had done. Teaching 
 was the original and is now the essential work of nearly every 
 American university. Enormous endowments have been 
 created for teaching and it is safe to say that legislative 
 bodies have been accustomed to appropriate more liberally 
 for education than for any other purpose. Moreover, the 
 educational process is the monopoly of ■ no political party: 
 Republicans, Democrats, Progressives, and Socialists all 
 unhesitatingly endorse its principles and liberally put the 
 principles into execution. The sums appropriated are spent 
 with greater freedom and the results obtained are passed 
 over with less scrutiny than attaches to any other class of 
 public expenditure. 
 
 At the present moment there are over two hundred thou- 
 sand students attending American universities and colleges 
 and all of these are receiving instruction. A professional 
 staff of thirty thousand is employed in this process and the 
 actual cost reaches the huge sum of fifty-three millions 
 
32 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 annually. It is a noteworthy fact that this enormous piece 
 of work — one might call it an industry — has grown from a 
 small beginning and without any very intimate direction on 
 the part of the nominal governing boards. It has resulted 
 rather from the directive influence of the teaching body, and 
 the fact that this influence has been generally recognized, 
 speaks well for the wisdom of the several administrative 
 bodies and serves as a fine example of what can be accom- 
 plished through co-operative effort. Indeed, the governing 
 boards of our institutions of learning, working under no 
 central organization, have been singularly isolated and con- 
 sequently they have been forced to rely upon the technical 
 knowledge and judgment of the respective instructional 
 staffs. It is safe to say that the innumerable problems com- 
 mon to all educational institutions have never been discussed 
 at any general conference of governing boards, and that 
 throughout the entire history of education in America a 
 congress of the trustees of universities and colleges has never 
 been convened and a federation of these officers has, so far 
 as I know, never even been suggested. Furthermore, it is 
 unlikely that any managing board is intimately acquainted 
 — I say intimately — with the instruction that is being given 
 in the institution under its immediate control and it is ignorant, 
 as a body, of the kind of instruction that is being given in 
 other similar institutions. This is perfectly natural because 
 the members of the average board of trustees do not convene 
 frequently and their positions do not imply this kind of 
 responsibility. Having been trained in, or at least having 
 taken what might be called their graduate work in, the prac- 
 tical school that is located outside of college walls, they are 
 more disposed to interest themselves in the business, rather 
 than the educational, side of university administration. When 
 they have come in contact with those who are absorbed in 
 the teaching side, the points of view may not always have 
 coincided, but friendly toleration has been the almost invari- 
 able rule and prevailing custom is certainly establishing a 
 precedent that is in no way unfavorable to the teacher. I 
 doubt, moreover, that there is any serious disposition on the 
 part of governing boards toward the autocratic usurpation 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 33 
 
 of privileges that have been the long established preroga- 
 tive of the teaching staff, and I doubt further that there is 
 any real danger that academic freedom is in jeopardy. 
 
 A position on the governing board of any American uni- 
 versity is a distinct honor, but it is wrongly conferred if 
 conferred for this purpose and wrongly accepted if accept- 
 ance does not carry with it a sense of obligation. Attend- 
 ance at an occasional board meeting does not discharge this 
 obligation, nor does an idle contribution to carry out some 
 personal whim, nor does the criticism of imiversity manage- 
 ment nor the fuUsome and thoughtless acclaim that is con- 
 doned under the term " college spirit." 
 
 With increase in the amount of business to be done and 
 with educational problems requiring technical knowledge and 
 exhaustive study, the obligations assumed by the governing 
 boards of our American colleges and universities are of 
 increased importance. These boards are not only responsible 
 for the wise expenditure of a million dollars every week — 
 they are beginning to be held responsible for the quality of 
 material that is being given to more than two hundred thou- 
 sand men and women. 
 
 Within the past decade the duties and responsibilities of 
 the directing boards of commercial and industrial organiza- 
 tions frequently have been the subject of state and federal 
 legislation and there is now a universal demand that the pub- 
 lished announcements of business transacted in universities, 
 as well as in commercial enterprises, be clear and clean-cut 
 statements of transparent fact, measured with mathematical 
 accuracy and expressed in terms that are easily intelligible. 
 
 But how much more difficult of understanding and of an- 
 nouncement are the intangible facts of educational success 
 and failure that we know must occur in every university, 
 but which it is impossible to express by any known mode of 
 mathematical tabulation, and how impossible is it for our 
 governing boards promptly to become acquainted with these 
 facts under the present plan of organization. 
 
 It is here, then, that I would like to suggest an adminis- 
 trative ideal — 
 
 Since the efforts above outlined — ^the efforts of our govern- 
 
34 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 ing boards on the one hand and the efforts of our educational 
 staffs on the other — have resulted in such splendid achieve- 
 ment, and since it is impossible that the individuals on our 
 governing boards, as now generally constituted, will them- 
 selves ever acquire an intimate knowledge of the specific 
 educational processes and educational needs of their insti- 
 tutions, and since it is certain that governing boards desire 
 to have this knowledge, and since there is no reason why- 
 instructional officers who possess this knowledge should be 
 disqualified from being members of a governing board, and 
 since the entire drift, of institutional management is toward 
 democracy, why not bring these two agencies together and 
 give the faculty representation on the board, and, indeed, 
 we might go further and give the board representation on 
 the faculty. We would thus generally recognize a partnership 
 that we know has long existed, we would forestall misunder- 
 standings, and two forces would be brought together — the 
 one familiar with the work of the other — the one adding to 
 the strength of the other — and both striving with common 
 ambition for a common purpose; the development of the 
 co-operative life of the university in order to secure the 
 highest grade of educational efficiency. 
 
 Considering the organization of university work from 
 another point, is it not true that while it is desirable that 
 the faculty have representation on the administrative board, 
 the faculty has suffered, and suffered seriously, from foreign 
 work that is consuming time and energy that ought to be 
 devoted to duties of a different, if not of a much higher, 
 order ? Why a professor that has largely delegated the 
 custody of his own children to a life-mate, that nature obvi- 
 ously intended to perform this function, should busy himself 
 with the custody of the children of others, assume that this 
 is a part of his professional duty, and jealously defend his 
 prerogative, is a biological anomaly that is difficult of ex- 
 planation. Nevertheless, a ruinous amount of time and 
 tissue is expended in the average faculty and committee 
 meeting on questions of student discipline, delinquency, and 
 dishonesty — subtleties that have been under perennial faculty 
 discussions, but thus far without any substantial restdt. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 35 
 
 There is not a university man present who does not know 
 that the professional efficiency of several of his colleagues 
 is being impaired by this kind of work. Indeed, at this 
 moment there arise in our minds case after case where men 
 have invested in years of training with the intent of devot- 
 ing their lives to research and then dissipated their intel- 
 lectual fortune on profitless university routine — a dissipa- 
 tion generally condoned but as sad in its results as though 
 the intellectual powers — the mental growth — of the victim 
 had been inhibited by a drug. 
 
 The average university has within its instructional staff 
 a series of committees, ranging from a dozen to a score. 
 These cover student registration, student attendance, stu- 
 dent organizations, student advice, student examinations, 
 student athletics, student publications, student loans, stu- 
 dent interests, and many other subjects. Why should a 
 professor of psychology attend to the registration of stu- 
 dents ? (A five thousand dollar man do the work of a five 
 hundred dollar clerk.) Why should a physician stop his 
 professional work in order to pass on excuses for absences ? 
 What connection is there between bacteriology and student 
 organizations ? If it is necessary to have a committee of 
 the faculty to give general advice to students, why not 
 establish a department composed of experts ? Why should 
 athletics, after consuming a large share of the student's 
 time and energy, place a heavy levy upon the intellectual 
 resources of the faculty and thus remodel high class intel- 
 lectual machinery to serve sordid ends ? Concerning student 
 loans— having been a professor myself, I can well under- 
 stand that the various members of an impecunious university 
 faculty can speak with the full knowledge of personal experi- 
 ence on the subject of loans — but why invidiously appoint 
 a special committee for this purpose when any individual 
 professor might do equally well ? This condition of affairs, 
 the evils of which are pretty generally recognized, has arisen 
 from several causes: 
 
 First and foremost — Often the professor is really inter- 
 ested in the personal welfare of his students and this indulg- 
 
36 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 ence is pleasurable to him, profitable to the student and sub- 
 ject to general approval. 
 
 Second — Within the past generation the multiplication of 
 student activities has introduced a most perplexing academic 
 problem, and in default of some better or more convenient 
 agency, the faculty has been assigned, or rather has assumed, 
 general jurisdiction over this new, and at present little under- 
 stood, phenomenon. 
 
 Third — In recent years, in all commercial, industrial and 
 social activities, there has been a prevailing tendency toward 
 organization. The university faculty would naturally re- 
 spond to this general movement, but not having the power 
 to create administrative positions de novo, its response has 
 taken the peculiar form of assigning certain of its members 
 to perform certain administrative tasks — but without realiz- 
 ing the enormous cost. 
 
 Fourth — While the mental processes of the student are 
 acqtiisitive, those of the teacher are distributive. The aim 
 and purpose of the professor is to impart, his habit is to 
 give, and he gives his time and thought and energy without 
 stint and without regard to values. Quite unconsciously, 
 administrative officers have taken advantage of this tendency 
 and assigned duties to those who are willing to carry them, 
 without realizing the inevitable consequences. Is it not 
 often a fact that the young instructor who is useful in the 
 facility receives promotion at the expense of the one who is 
 useful in his profession ? And if this is generally true the 
 university is its own enemy and is defeating its avowed pur- 
 pose. Let us be thankful that it is not true of Clark University. 
 
 We all admit — everyone admits — that the most precious 
 possession of any university should be its faculty — a collec- 
 tion of men selected with care, each presumably absorbed 
 in his chosen field of study and all zealous for the welfare of 
 the institution they serve. The faculty is the university, 
 and everything that encourages, assists or facilitates its 
 members in the work that they have been assigned to per- 
 form and that encourages their research work, has its imme- 
 diate effect upon academic efficiency. The faculty payroll 
 absorbs more than one-half of the resources of any well 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 37 
 
 conducted institution, and having made this apportionment, 
 it is good business to see that the remaining cost is so applied 
 to the needs of the first as to yield the highest grade of ser- 
 vice, and in the largest possible amount. 
 
 Our ideal university, then, should be so conducted that 
 the members of the faculty would be relieved of unnecessary, 
 unessential and disturbing duties that add nothing to pro- 
 fessional efficiency and might rather be performed by officers 
 specially trained and efficient in this kind of secondary work. 
 
 Moreover, when a young man of fine training and high 
 promise has been added to the instructional staff, an ideal 
 university should recognize the nature of its acquisition and 
 the responsibility it has assumed. If the young man is worth 
 engaging, he is likely to suffer a distinct wrong if he is assigned 
 work other than that for which he had prepared, he will suffer 
 a distinct wrong if he is denied the physical equipment neces- 
 sary for his intellectual growth, and the university will suffer 
 a distinct wrong if, as a result of its unreasonable demands, 
 there grows into the permanent staff a stunted mind, a 
 strangled will and a disappointed soul. 
 
 The national lust for magnitude and the passion to be 
 identified with new ideas not infrequently have had a para- 
 lyzing, rather than a stimtdating effect upon university 
 development. To quote from Wall Street: American uni- 
 versities are "long" on ideas and "short" on support. 
 
 Life may take its beginning in a vigorous germ, but growth 
 cannot continue except through the natural processes of 
 nutrition and metabolism. Therefore, in planning an ideal 
 university and in order to produce the best instructional and 
 research growth, crowding must not occur. Before new 
 appointments are made, attention must first be given to 
 questions of support, of nutrition, and to the production of 
 a promising inflorescence and an abundant fructification of 
 the good things that have already been established before 
 yielding to the importunities of those who wotdd forever 
 enlarge the academic garden by transplanting therein educa- 
 tional exotics, the iiltimate horticultural value of which is 
 entirely problematical. 
 
 Never was there a time when tradition and long estab- 
 
38 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 lished custom have received less consideration than at the 
 present. Connected doubtless in some way with the rise 
 and domination of the inductive sciences, with the univer- 
 sal tendency to investigate everything and take nothing for 
 granted, and encouraged by the credit that is justly given 
 to the discoverer of new things, society had developed an 
 extraordinary appetite for sensations. The ordinary occur- 
 rence cannot receive attention in the press unless it is colored 
 to the point of the extraordinary; the novel, to be a good 
 seller, must deal with extremes; the stage approaches, even 
 if it does not transcend, the zone of limitation; modern art, 
 dissatisfied with fact, has adopted the extremes of fancy; 
 even the man of science, during " Convention Week," is 
 unnerved to meet the scrutiny of his colleagues unless he 
 has with him a record that will either establish or disestablish 
 some substantial prop of current belief. 
 
 Therefore — Since I have been asked to summon away 
 from false gods, it is my duty to warn the unwary of the 
 Lorelei of academic sensationalism. Absolute unvarnished 
 truth is the only material that should be dispensed by any 
 university, and this material should come directly from men 
 who are masters in their chosen field and not from profes- 
 sional retailers who too frequently are prone to sacrifice 
 S-ibstance in their effort to market ornamental containers. 
 
 Of the three divisions of university organization — the 
 trustees, the faculty and the students — the trustees and the 
 older members of the faculty exercise a conservative or 
 reactionary influence, while the younger members of the 
 faculty, directing the susceptible student body, are dis- 
 tinctly progressive and radical. 
 
 The academic environment in which the student is sup- 
 posed to flourish includes these and many other contending 
 factors. But, persuaded that in our stage of social evolu- 
 tion it is more advantageous for the human being to restrain 
 or eliminate certain instinctive activities and to gain, through 
 the laborious process of education, certain unnatural acquired 
 traits, the student has elected to subject himself for about 
 four years to a condition of intellectual forcing, believing 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 39 
 
 that he will thereby most expeditiously produce this much 
 to be desired transformation.. 
 
 If there is to be any considerable social evolution result- 
 ing from this effort, it is essential that the students should 
 possess means for the elimination of undesirable instinctive 
 traits, that he should have a high capacity for the acquisi- 
 tion of desirable habits and that the instructive influence 
 of his temporary environment should be perfectly adjusted 
 to his own needs on the one hand and to the needs of society 
 on the other. Finally, to add seriousness to the delicacy 
 of this adjustment, if there is error on either side, if the 
 progressive tendency dominates the conservative to excess, 
 or vice versa, there is permanent and irreparable loss, for 
 youth once spent cannot be recovered. 
 
 Although it is generally admitted that it is unsafe to 
 meddle with established academic custom, there have of 
 recent years been, in fact, but few restraints upon educational 
 experimentation. Within a generation the method of im- 
 parting information has materially changed, courses have 
 been made more attractive, the student has adopted many 
 secondary sources of assistance that were originally pro- 
 scribed and his electives have been multiplied so that it is 
 possible for him to find subjects that are attuned to, rather 
 than out of harmony with, his native tendencies. Labora- 
 tory methods and practical tests have taken the place of 
 precision in oral expression, concessions have been made to 
 vocational requirements, and many of the old established 
 standards have been impaired. While these changes in 
 instructional methods have taken place the student has 
 vaulted into an arena of social activities, boldly stating that 
 the "student life" must not be sacrificed for "student work." 
 
 In the institution that it is my privilege to serve, there 
 are more than five hundred different student activities and 
 organizations. Of course, many of these are religious, fra- 
 ternal, social, and athletic, but they are sufficiently numerous 
 probably to provide at least one office for each student. 
 
 Results come quickly in our newer institutions and the 
 large, state supported universities of the West, with their 
 
40 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 rapidly changing boards of regents, their liberal appropria- 
 tions, their freedom from the restrictions of tradition, and 
 their eagerness to try out new ideas, enable those who are 
 disposed to profit by the experience of others to observe 
 results somewhat earlier than they would appear in the more 
 conservative, endowed, institutions of the East. 
 
 Compared with the graduate of a generation ago, I think 
 it fair to say that the university graduate of to-day tends 
 to become stronger socially and somewhat weaker intellec- 
 tually; that his feeling of personal independence has been 
 enhanced; that his regard for authority has been diminished; 
 that he has gained in his intimacy with general affairs; and 
 has lost somewhat in his reliance upon fundamentals. He 
 has a wider general knowledge, which he uses rather play- 
 fully, but there has been a reduction in profundity and a 
 veiled reticence towards seriousness, and the "good fellow" 
 idea has developed at the expense of wholesome intensity 
 of purpose. 
 
 The recital of these lists of personal views would have 
 no value if we possessed some system that would actually 
 measure the capacity of minds and men as they leave the 
 university, but we have no such apparatus, and we are 
 obliged, therefore, in such matters, chiefly to rely upon the 
 crude instrument of personal opinion. 
 
 The most obvious deficiency in the intellectual equip- 
 ment of the average student is the embryonic condition of 
 his judicial sense. The arrest in the development of the 
 sense of proportion, of the power to distinguish between 
 what is reasonable and what is unreasonable, what is genuine 
 and what is false, and to distinguish promptly between the 
 man that is frankly striving for principle and the one who is 
 falsely striving for position. A university graduate is not 
 sufficiently prepared successfully to meet the strife of adult 
 life if he leaves his institution wise with facts and ignorant 
 of their application. A student may have acquired a com- 
 plete knowledge of what is right, but without any collateral 
 development of the moral fibre and physical power sufficient 
 to make this knowledge a workable asset. 
 
 One of the reasons for this deficiency in moral virility may 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 41 
 
 lie in the attitude of extreme tolerance that has been assumed 
 by many instructors who feel that opposition to any view, 
 no matter what its nature, may be construed as an encroach- 
 ment upon the domain of academic freedom. Indeed, it 
 is quite possible that in our commendable effort to maintain 
 the principles of academic freedom, instruction is given with 
 such impartial neutrality that a student originally with 
 strong convictions of right doing may question their worth- 
 iness, and those who have sinister motives may believe they 
 receive encouragement even to the point of justification. 
 
 The student that has come under the influence of high 
 university ideals, and has reacted properly thereto, should 
 have the will to put his acquisitions into immediate use and 
 the fortitude to keep them continuously employed. His 
 judgment should be kept in good form enabling him quickly 
 to arrive at conclusions, independent of plausible arguments, 
 and he should be aggressive in putting his conclusions into 
 effect, fearless in his attack upon wrong, absorbed in and 
 devoted to everything that will increase the interest and 
 influence of those of his associates that are disposed to con- 
 tribute toward human advancement, and all to satisfy his 
 instinctive passion for individual betterment and his ac- 
 quired concern for the highest development of the community. 
 
 In the introduction it was stated that although the uni- 
 versity was, and is, primarily an institution for instruction, 
 of recent years it has become also a place for research; for 
 centuries a place for diffusion from the fund of human knowl- 
 edge, recently it has become a place where the fund is actu- 
 ally increased; long a distributive center, it has now become 
 a creative center; the function of the educational middle- 
 man has become merged in that of the producer. 
 
 While my theme has led to the pointing out of certain 
 reformations — re/ormations — that might add to the efficiency 
 of the administrative organization of universities and might 
 improve the quality of the educational material given to the 
 university student, the creative side of university work is 
 by all odds the most attractive to the idealist, and at present 
 is a most important influence in molding the destiny of 
 American universities. 
 
42 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 Research easily can get along without being articulated to 
 the university, but can the university get along without 
 being articulated to research ? The great philosophers, 
 scholars and men of science of the seventeenth and eigh- 
 teenth centuries — Bacon, Locke, Descartes, Spinoza, Leib- 
 nitz, Harvey, Linnaeus, Lamarck, Cuvier, Lavoisier and 
 Priestly — were not identified with universities but rather 
 with academies of science, and we know that the nineteenth 
 century witnessed, in addition to the production of indepen- 
 dent workers in science, the initiation of innumerable scien- 
 tific undertakings and the establishment of many research 
 institutions that had no direct connection with universi- 
 ties. Among these may be mentioned our western govern- 
 mental surveys, the scientific work and contributions of the 
 Smithsonian Institution, the Voyage of the Challenger, the 
 work of the Albatross, the Harriman Expedition; and in 
 the present century, the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, the 
 several voyages to the high latitudes of the north and south, 
 the Rockefeller Institution, with its ten millions for research, 
 the Carnegie, with its twenty millions, the various experi- 
 ment stations, the government laboratories at Washington, 
 employing hundreds of men of science; not to mention the 
 multitude of state and municipal boards and commissions 
 and various industrial concerns, eager to find and give em- 
 ployment to investigators of recognized ability and without 
 the confining restrictions incident to student instruction. 
 The university certainly has no monopoly upon research, and 
 the number of investigators that are finding positions where 
 they can concentrate their energies and where they are 
 relieved of professional duties, is certainly on the increase. 
 This may be a good thing for science, but it is a bad thing 
 for the university. 
 
 The general scientific awakening that occurred at about 
 the time of the establishment of Johns Hopkins University, 
 and which was contemporaneous with an increased regard 
 for research on the part of other American universities, and 
 which led indeed to the unique character of Clark University, 
 has done more in one generation toward increasing the effi- 
 ciency of university instruction and has accomplished more 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 43 
 
 in the general diffusion of knowledge than the combined 
 factors of more instructional effort during several centuries. 
 " Let us hold fast to that which is good." 
 
 This agency, the scientific spirit, has placed the older 
 curriculum under investigation and has eliminated many- 
 courses that were found to be unfit; it has introduced new 
 material; it has modified methods, and is transforming the 
 art of teaching into a science. It has brought the field of 
 exploration into the library and class room and has so in- 
 fluenced the student that his highest regard has been trans- 
 ferred from the man who relates to the one who constructs. 
 This feeling of regard naturally develops into emulation, and 
 the graduate thus carries throughout life the feeling of the 
 investigator and he infects others with the same spirit. 
 Through the influence of research the university has been 
 transformed from a finishing school to a beginning school, 
 and anything that tends to interfere with this change is 
 contrary to the prevailing spirit of progress and repugnant 
 to current university ideals. 
 
 Large universities neglect the blessings of their environ- 
 ment and are prone to duplicate each other and our smaller 
 institutions also lose their individuality in efforts at schol- 
 astic mimicry. This is contrary to the spirit of research. 
 If an institution is fortunate in having a department that 
 is contributing to the fund of human knowledge, that is the 
 department that should receive administrative attention; it 
 is the department that above all others should be especially 
 encouraged, for it is the department that will bring students 
 of high grade to the university, that will influence those 
 already there, and will give credit and individuality to the 
 institution. The influence of one eminent investigator will 
 raise any institution above the plane of mediocrity, and 
 therefore the encouragement of such a person becomes a 
 university duty — claims of others to the contrary not-with 
 standing. 
 
 We must not forget that evolution involves four processes : 
 " variation," " the struggle for existence," the " elimination 
 of the unfit," and " the survival of the fittest." The organic 
 types that have left a conspicuous record in the history of 
 
44 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 the earth are those that have featured the variation factors, 
 and the institution that quickly recognizes its fortuitous 
 opportunities and acts accordingly — seizing the promising 
 and rejecting the unfavorable — ^has before it, the attainment 
 of an ideal, and it will not suffer under the regulations of 
 natural law. 
 
 Finally, while we are discussing natural law, let us have 
 the courage to make another application: It is granted that 
 the struggle for existence has proved to be a potent factor 
 in the process of evolution. Therefore, when we artificially 
 encourage a factor, function or individual with the intent to 
 bring about permanent improvement, we must be sure that 
 the beneficent results that come from an exhilarating strug- 
 gle are not removed. Nature requires that organs be kept 
 at work, not below their limit or even to their limit, but 
 just beyond their limit — ^indeed, to the point of fatigue. 
 Encouraging the investigator does not mean that he should 
 be given unlimited rest, relaxation, freedom from obligation, 
 or an easy existence, for there can be no evolutionary progress 
 under these enfeebling conditions. The directors of certain 
 research institutions have discovered, to their disappoint- 
 ment, that the uncommon man, under a liberal endowment, 
 is likely to become common — ^in short, that the intellectual 
 output of the individual in some way seems to be inversely 
 as the square of his means. 
 
 This principle does not affect the professor only, for if 
 caution is not exercised our entire scholarship and fellowship 
 systems may produce restdts the very reverse of those orig- 
 inally intended. Fellowships have increased in number and 
 in value until they have lost much of their stimulating effect. 
 Instead of providing a scanty resource for the person who 
 is absorbed in investigation, they are likely to become a 
 gratuity to the academic mercenary. 
 
 With full knowledge, then, of the deteriorating influence 
 of idleness and of the debasing effect of charity, our ideal 
 university will pick its men with greater caution, furnish 
 them liberally with instruments for their work, increase their 
 efficiency by eliminating, as far as possible, the distractions 
 of university routine, approve of travel when it will bring 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 45 
 
 workers in conference with other workers in their chosen 
 field, and finally, above all, provide an environment that 
 will compel the student, the professor and the investigator to 
 
 " Fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds worth 
 of distance run." 
 
 Work is the ideal 9,nd controlling factor in every form of 
 physical and intellectual development. 
 
 The afternoon exercises closed with the recessional, 
 
 THE SON OF GOD GOES FORTH TO WAR 
 
 The Son of God goes forth to war, 
 
 A kingly crown to gain: 
 His blood-red banner streams afar: 
 
 Who follows in his train ? 
 Who best can drink his cup of woe, 
 
 Triumphant over pain; 
 Who patient bears his cross below. 
 
 He follows in His train. 
 
 The martyr first, whose eagle eye 
 
 Could pierce beyond the grave; 
 Who saw his Master in the sky, 
 
 And called on Him to save. 
 Like Him, with pardon on His tongue, 
 
 In midst of mortal pain. 
 He prayed for them that did the wrong : 
 Who follows in His train ? 
 
 A glorious band, the chosen few, 
 
 On whom the Spirit came: 
 Twelve valiant saints, their hope they knew, 
 
 And mocked the cross and flame. 
 They met the tyrant's brandished steel. 
 
 The lion's gory mane; 
 They bowed their necks the death to feel: 
 
 Who follows in their train ? 
 
 A noble army : men and boys. 
 
 The matron and the maid; 
 Around the Saviour's throne rejoice. 
 
 In robes of light arrayed. 
 They climbed the steep ascent of heaven 
 
 Through peril, toil, and pain: 
 O God, to us may grace be given 
 
 To follow in their train. 
 
46 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 With the singing of the hymn the academic procession 
 marched slowly from the hall to the upper corridor and as 
 they wended their way from the room they all joined in 
 the singing, a most impressive feature. 
 
 Following the conclusion of these exercises, Trustees, 
 Alumni, and visitors inspected the buildings, being shown 
 about by members of the Faculty and students of the Uni- 
 versity and College. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 47 
 
 BANQUET 
 
 The banquet given to the Alumni by the Trustees was 
 directly in line with the success attendant upon the other 
 events of the day, there being not a single lagging moment 
 during the three hours of feast; from the opening of the 
 doors into the big dining hall of the Bancroft to the singing 
 of "Auld Lang Syne" joy reigned supreme, and the recipro- 
 cating spirit of friendship manifest at the tables and by the 
 speakers made the event one to live long in the annals of 
 Clark history. 
 
 At 6.30 o'clock one hundred and fifty of the Alumni, 
 Faculty and Trustees sat down to the following sumptuous 
 
 repast : — 
 
 MENU 
 
 Cape Cod Oysters 
 
 Olives Radishes Salted Nuts 
 
 Garbure Bretonne 
 
 Filet of Sole Duglere 
 
 Vol au Vent of Sweetbread 
 
 Broiled Squab Chicken au Cressons 
 
 Potatoes Palestine 
 
 French Peas 
 
 Combination Salad 
 
 Neapolitan Ice Cream 
 
 Assorted Cake *"' 
 
 Cafe 
 
 At the conclusion of the banquet, the Toastmaster, Dr. 
 French, called the assemblage to order, speaking very 
 briefly, as follows: — 
 
 You, loyal friends of Clark University, have participated 
 to-day in a festival celebrating the passing of a quarter 
 century in the life of this great University. 
 
 This entire day, with its crowded events, has meant to 
 us all more than words can express, for it is we, in part, 
 who furnish the test by which this institution is measured, 
 and when we review the twenty-five years of splendid ser- 
 vice which she has rendered to the uplift of mankind, a spirit 
 
48 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 akin to reverence sweeps over us and fills us with awe as we 
 realize that we, individually and collectively, have in some 
 way, be it small or large, played a part in the magnificence 
 of this development. The splendid addresses of the after- 
 noon bespeak for the University her true standards and it 
 seems eminently fitting that we here assembled should bring 
 to a close our formal sessions of the day by a series of testi- 
 monies, pledging ourselves anew to the great cause so force- 
 fully and vitally pleaded for to-day. 
 
 To this end, then, let us follow the lines of the old fashioned 
 experience meeting, which is characterized by few words 
 from the leader and many responses from those about him. 
 
 Following this Dr. French introduced in turn the following 
 speakers 
 
 Dr. Hall. 
 
 I lately picked up a sketch of Calicot, called the last and 
 greatest of the mediaeval court fools, a unique clown-philos- 
 opher, ugly in form and feature almost to the point of deform- 
 ity, but withal so droll that even strangers who met him on 
 the street had to laugh. His entertainment consisted in 
 coming on the stage with cap, bells and mace, and giving 
 impromptu, witty repartee answers to any questions from 
 anybody in the audience. One night a solemn-faced clergy- 
 man arose and said, "Calicot, you are getting old and have 
 jested your way merrily through this life, with no thought 
 of death. My question is, suppose you were condemned to 
 die and meet your God to-night, but could choose your own 
 mode of exit; how would you prefer to die ? " Without a 
 moment's hesitation he answered that as a result of long and 
 serious thought upon just that question, he had decided that 
 he would tell his executioners that he wished to be tickled 
 to death. If that is the end that fate has in store for me 
 or for my older colleagues, we ought to feel " Nearer the 
 bound of life. Where we lay our burdens down;" than we 
 ever were before, as the old hymn has it. And so what do 
 we care for this bad weather. Does not the good old Stein 
 Song, which we ought to sing to-night, say " It's always 
 fair weather when good fellows get together." 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 49 
 
 Seriously, we have been, at least I, and I fancy my col- 
 leagues, have been so busy that we had almost forgotten 
 that things had been going on here so long. Doctors French 
 and Ferry, however, are expert mathematicians, and they 
 must be right in their calctilation that it is really twenty-five 
 years, although as I look back it seems almost as foreshort- 
 ened as if we were in Bergson's duree reelle or in the eternal 
 absolute now, which is like God, the same yesterday, to-day 
 and forever, although I do not quite understand what he 
 means. Well, I have begun to study senescence, which I 
 see already is to be far more fascinating than adolescence 
 ever was. Dr. Wiley, of pure-food fame, who married a 
 very few years ago at, I think, nearly my age, and the oldest 
 of whose two babies has just won a eugenic prize, made an 
 earnest plea here two years ago that the older men were, the 
 wiser, better and more worth while they were, provided only 
 that senile involution had not set in, and added that the 
 surest sign of this latter was that illusion so prone to come 
 over men as they grow old, that their places could not be 
 at any time just as well or better filled by others. May I 
 be saved that fatuity ! If men are only as old as they feel, 
 how can anybody ever grow old at Clark ? It ought to be a 
 kind of fountain of perpetual youth, about the best place 
 in the world to grow old in. 
 
 Two of the chief worries that age college presidents we 
 have been spared. One is, we do not have to have dollars 
 and students supremely in mind in everything we do or 
 say. Only once have I approached a rich man upon the 
 subject, talking as Heine said of his interview with the 
 Rothschilds, "familHonairely" with him. He remarked at 
 the outset that he had had more presidents of educational 
 institutions than usual call upon him that day, and asked 
 me to state our claims as briefly as I could. After I had 
 done so, he remarked that he had been greatly struck in 
 such interviews and in reports, catalogues, etc., that all 
 evils and defects in every institution had very lately been 
 entirely abolished in name, and he supposed that they con- 
 tinued to exist merely in reality. As I left, bare-handed as 
 I came, he remarked that he felt very kindly towards Clark. 
 
50 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 This was some twenty years ago, and ever since his kindness 
 has been most unremitting. Again, one's lot here is happy 
 in that we do not have to discipHne or expel students. The 
 very nearest I ever came to this was years ago when a grad- 
 uate student who had been here several years, working hard 
 but making almost no progress, called one spring in some 
 discouragement, to ask me if I thought he could ever make 
 his doctorate. I asked him if his family was long-lived, and 
 he told me cheerily the ages to which his parents, aunts, 
 uncles, and the rest had lived or died. At the end of the 
 next year he called again and told me that he had realized 
 during the year what I meant by asking about the longevity 
 of his folks, and said that he thought he had better resign, 
 and I had to say that we should be resigned if he did so. 
 Like all slow people, he could not really work. He had 
 aspiration without the perspiration that ought to go with it. 
 One of my students this year is preparing to tell the world, 
 in a doctor's thesis, that there are three kinds of immortality, 
 first, the good, old-fashioned kind of a better eternal life in 
 a higher world or elsewhere; second, the biological immor- 
 tality of the deathless germ plasm, that perpetuates parents 
 and makes them live on in their offspring to the end of time; 
 and third, the immortality of influence or the impressions 
 they make upon those around who survive them. If you 
 summon me to-night to make a Calicot-choice between these 
 three and I could have but one, I believe I would prefer the 
 last. Perhaps teachers devoted to their calling would gen- 
 erally prefer to survive in the hearts, minds and lives of 
 those they teach. Fichte did, who influenced the academic 
 youth of his day perhaps more than anyone since Socrates, 
 and his monument near Berlin bears the inscription, "Good 
 teachers shall shine as the firmament, and they that lead 
 youth to truth like the stars forever and ever." Plato wished 
 to spend eternity teaching and learning, and Lotze said that 
 the kind of heaven he wanted was a kind of seminary, dis- 
 cussing the highest themes dialectically, face to face, now as 
 himself a pupil of the great dead Aristotle, Dante, Kant and 
 the rest (even though it be in some rude boat-house on the 
 Styx), and now impregnating the souls of elite youth with 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 51 
 
 the passion for the good, the beautiful and the true to which 
 his Ufe and works were devoted. 
 
 The happiest experience of my life is when in a letter or 
 on a trip I meet an old student who grasps my hand, liter- 
 ally or metaphorically, and says, " You taught me new and 
 vital things that have stood by me and given me the impulse 
 to go further," or when students in other departments send 
 by me the same word to my colleagues, as Story, Webster, 
 Sanford, Burnham, Wilson, and the rest, and perhaps say, 
 " Tell them they woke me up, put me on my feet and set 
 me going." That is our ideal and I think it is our specialty, 
 possibly only because our little group is so small that per- 
 sonal relations are unique and close here. Often is it the 
 individual interviews, which I rather think are our specialty, 
 and that in those who come back often stand out in retro- 
 spect even more than do our lectures, or it may be confer- 
 ences in the laboratory, journal club, library, or help on 
 theses. Such spontaneous and ingenuous gratitude, touched 
 by no lively sense of favors to come, or if it is written, coming 
 without a request for a recommendation to a better place, 
 is what does the teacher's heart good and keeps it warm, 
 strong and growing. 
 
 And do we not reciprocate all such feelings ? For my- 
 self, I can truly say that although I have had many great 
 teachers, I have learned far more from my students than 
 from them. Nay, more, I want to say here, frankly and 
 publicly, that much, if not the very best of my own books, 
 are compilations, always with due acknowledgments, of my 
 students' work, which they did here and since. While I did 
 my best for them, they did more yet for me, and I want 
 Mr. Wilson to say that in his booklet if it ever comes to 
 another edition, and if he has not already done so, for either 
 my self -consciousness or my appalling sensus temporis acti has 
 not yet made it possible for me to read it. Perhaps this is, 
 too, why I habitually remember my past students more by 
 their thesis subjects than by their names, and think of the 
 Rhythm monograph before I do of T. L. Bolton, its author, 
 that of Touch before Krohn, Hydro-psychoses before F. E. 
 Bolton, the Monkey study before Kinnaman, Creeping 
 
52 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 before Trettien, the Dendro-psychoses before Quantz, Mental 
 Healing before Goddard, and so on. And so I shall remember 
 the work on number teaching better than I do McDougle, 
 the psychology of immortality longer than Ellis, the child 
 welfare study than Dealey, etc. In my talk with poor Cham- 
 berlain, the other day, he spoke with the greatest enthusiasm 
 of the Van Waters study of adolescence among savage girls, 
 and of Gilbertson's Eskimo thesis here. Chamberlain is the 
 only man who came as a student, took his degree here, and 
 has advanced to the full professorship. Shall we not send 
 him from this table a hearty message of greeting and good 
 cheer ? 
 
 You are our children, and those you teach are our grand- 
 children. Send them back to the old home when you have 
 done your best for them, for from this point on we shall 
 depend more and more on you for this service, which is the 
 very best you can render us, better even than contributions 
 to the new fellowships fund. 
 
 Among the several hundred Clark men who are not here, 
 so widely scattered are our graduates, one writes me from 
 the Pacific Coast that the attraction he feels here is some- 
 what inversely as the square of the distance, or like rubber, 
 the further it is stretched the greater the tension. And so 
 I think we should take great satisfaction in the good will, 
 even though unspoken, which the great majority of our grad- 
 uates, far off, some of them, in the most distant lands, are 
 feeling for us to-day. But finally, for us the new theory of 
 meetings like this is that where many gather and are warmed 
 and enthused by the same spirit, the personality of each is 
 re-enforced and its elements, always tending to break up, 
 are cemented. The tie that binds individuals on occasions 
 like this symbolizes a high unity of the manifold elements 
 of the individual soul, brings a better synthesis of all its 
 manifold components which in our day, as never before, is 
 always threatened with disintegration. 
 
 It is an old toast that the bonds of friendship tighten when 
 they are wet. We cannot drink together, but Clark men do 
 not need to do so to arouse enthusiasm. Plato said sentiment 
 is the inebriation of the soul and makes it moist. In Kaul- 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 53 
 
 bach's famous cartoon, the warriors fight on the same, whether 
 dead or aHve, their spirits just overhead continuing the same 
 battle and chanting their impavidi progrediamur. I want 
 before I take my seat to propose as my toast " The next 
 quarter of a century; may it be far better even than the 
 past ! " But instead of this shall we not do better to stand 
 and repeat together the " Vivat, crescat, floreat," cabled us 
 by the University of Berlin the day we opened, thus inaugu- 
 rating a custom to be repeated here every quarter of a cen- 
 tury by all who can come back, whether from distant states 
 or from beyond the bourn ? All together, Clark University, 
 " Vivat, crescat, floreat ! " 
 
 The diners all rose and gave this shout with a will. 
 
 Dr. Story, 
 
 Whenever I meet former students of the University I 
 am pretty certain to hear something said about "the Clark 
 spirit." I have tried to analyze this spirit, to determine of 
 what it consists, and I have succeeded to my own satisfac- 
 tion, at least. Like many phenomena, the Clark spirit has 
 two elements, a positive element and a negative element, 
 or, — if you please, — an active principle and a passive prin- 
 ciple. The positive element is "independence of thought" 
 and the negative element is "freedom from prejudice." And, 
 it seems to me, the acquisition of this spirit is, or ought to 
 be, the aim of a liberal education. Moreover, I believe this 
 is also the essential thing in research. It is not so much 
 the results obtained that is of importance in research, as the 
 spirit in which the work is done. We often use the results 
 of other's investigations, of course, but we should not be 
 slavishly controlled by their theories and their opinions. We 
 should think for ourselves and form our own opinions, based 
 on the best evidence at our command, but we should also 
 be tolerant of the opinions of others. May this always be 
 "the Clark spirit." 
 
 Col. a. G. Bullock. 
 
 This occasion reminds me of a similar one, three or four 
 years ago, when I had the privilege of attending, on Foun- 
 
54 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 der's Day, a meeting of the Alumni of Clark University. 
 At that meeting the chairman, Mr. Bumpus, who delighted 
 with his fine address this afternoon, presented to President 
 Hall, from the Alumni, a beautiful loving cup. He read a 
 great many letters from men who could not attend and, 
 placing them inside the cup, he said to Dr. Hall, "the cup 
 is silver but its contents are gold." And indeed they were. 
 They came from men all over the country, who expressed 
 in glowing terms their appreciation of the privileges they 
 had enjoyed here, and of the inspiration they had received 
 from Dr. Hall and his associates. 
 
 I have attended other similar gatherings, but at none of 
 them have I heard such genuine attestation of admiration 
 and affection . Twenty-five years is not a long time in the 
 life of a university, but if in the first twenty-five years of 
 its existence it has placed to its credit such a record of ac- 
 complishment as has Clark, it has amply justified its estab- 
 lishment and given pledge for the future. During these 
 twenty-five years some hundreds of men who have received 
 our degrees have distinguished themselves in many fields of 
 learning and science. During these years men of eminence 
 from all over the world have visited us, have taken part 
 in our exercises, and have been honored by our degrees. 
 
 In these so-called progressive days, when in many things 
 we seem to me to be progressing backward, it is a comfort 
 to feel that our institutions of learning are gaining ground 
 and constantly enlarging their field of usefulness. 
 
 Ten years ago Clark opened the Collegiate Department for 
 popular education, and the result has been in every way 
 satisfactory. 
 
 I think the only limitation that can be placed on our 
 continued progression is that marked by the limitation of 
 our resources, and I cannot doubt that in progress of time 
 these will be increased. If there is any institution of the 
 kind that deserves the support of Worcester it is Clark 
 Our city is an important educational center, as it is of busi- 
 ness and commerce. It is the duty of intelligent citizens to 
 remember that the day of intellectual leadership never goes 
 by. All these influences for a more widely diffused intel- 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 55 
 
 lectual life, all these plans and methods for a more extended 
 education are guarantees of a higher standard of living and 
 citizenship. In this broad field of service Clark University- 
 is doing its part and counts on the loyal support and devo- 
 tion of its Alumni and friends. 
 
 Dr. C. H. Thurber. 
 
 I have been at some pains to look up the proper conduct 
 for an alumnus Trustee, as there is no precedent for him to 
 follow at Clark, and I find that he is supposed, on all suitable 
 occasions, to render a report of his work on the Board to the 
 Alumni. This is a very good time for me to report for I 
 can make a report that I am sure will be satisfactory to all 
 and prove that I have been attending faithfully to my duties. 
 
 I have to report, first, that I have attended every meet- 
 ing of the Board since my election; second, that every meas- 
 ure I have favored has been adopted by the Board; third, 
 that every measure I have opposed has been rejected by the 
 Board. That is a record to be proud of, and one which has 
 probably not been equalled by any other member, and cer- 
 tainly has never been surpassed. As Clark University is a 
 place for scientific research, to forestall what may happen 
 if some person with one of those petty investigating minds 
 that isn't satisfied without the whole truth gets on my trail, 
 I will now add that there has been but one meeting of the 
 Board since I became a member, and with the modesty 
 becoming a youngster I naturally waited to see how the 
 others were going to vote and then made it unanimous. I 
 already see one clear line of service opening up before me. 
 As I walked into the Board meeting a few minutes late, some 
 one cried, "Oh, now we have a quonmi." " It is a pleasure, 
 gentlemen," said I, "to be immediately of some real ser- 
 vice." " Well," said our honored chairman, "we rather 
 thought we could count on you to make a quorum when we 
 elected you." Some people may cavil and say it's no great 
 matter just to make a quorum; but I tell you, ladies and 
 gentlemen, a quorum is absolutely indispensable to the 
 future life and prosperity of Clark University, and I shall 
 proudly make a quortmi whenever the opportunity arises. 
 
56 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 This afternoon Dr. Bumpus said a good thing that seemed 
 meant for me. It was, substantially, that to serve as trustee 
 of an American university was an honor any man might 
 covet. To be a trustee of Clark University is an honor that 
 I, certainly, deeply appreciate. But Dr. Bumpus said fur- 
 ther that any man who accepted a position on the board of 
 trustees of an American university because of the honor it 
 conferred, and not for the opportunity for service it pre- 
 sented was utterly unworthy and unfit. That, I believe, is 
 absolutely true. He also said something which I shall trans- 
 late into the vernacular as being "long on promises and short 
 on performance." I do not intend to be long on promises. 
 I deeply appreciate the honor of being a trustee of Clark 
 University, but I should never have accepted the honor had 
 I not had more regard for the opportunity for service thereby 
 opened. I make this promise, and this only, to serve the 
 University as opportunity comes, to the best of my ability, 
 and the highest reward to which I aspire is the knowledge 
 that in some small way my service has been of help to Clark 
 University. 
 
 Dr. E. C. Sanford. 
 
 Dr. Hall, in his address this afternoon, asked that some 
 one should bring forward an appropriate symbol for the 
 joint institution and I have one which I should like to offer. 
 It is suggested by the experience of a very near-sighted man 
 who went to see a bicycle race. While the spectators were 
 waiting for the races to begin a couple of men were warming 
 up by speeding around the oval on a tandem. After they had 
 ridden round several times, the near-sighted man exclaimed 
 to his companion: " By Jove, this is the closest race I ever 
 saw. Those fellows have been round the track half a dozen 
 times and neither has gained an inch on the other ! " I 
 propose two men on a tandem as the proper symbol of the 
 College and the University — separate in management but 
 both working with all their might upon the same machine. 
 
 The College had the great good fortune to grow up under 
 the shadow of the University and has not ceased to reap ad- 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 57 
 
 vantage from the connection. Let me give you some indica- 
 tion of how close that connection has been and still is. At 
 the opening of the College the departments of Mathematics, 
 Physics, Biology, and Psychology were organized by the 
 heads of the corresponding departments in the University 
 and the three departments of Mathematics, Physics, and 
 Psychology have been from the first and throughout manned 
 by men who had done their graduate work in the University, 
 and the same has been only slightly less true of Biology. 
 Five of the twenty-five men now constituting the regular 
 College Faculty are Ph. D.'s of the University or have taken 
 work for the doctorate in it and one or two more are now 
 assisting in the work of the College. One-half of the regular 
 Faculty of the University have been or are now connected 
 with the Faculty of the College, and three men of the College 
 Faculty offer courses on the University side. 
 
 The problems of the College are different from those of 
 the University, of course, but it has been guided in the solu- 
 tion of them by the same sincerity of purpose and the same 
 loyalty to the highest standards which have guided the 
 University in its prosecution of research. The College has 
 succeeded in creating for its students an atmosphere in which 
 scholarship flourishes and a genuine interest in the intel- 
 lectual life. I have no statistics for other institutions but I 
 feel confident that the record of Clark College is by no means 
 a common one in the proportion of its graduates who go on 
 into graduate study for the non-professional degrees. Not 
 counting those who have gone into medicine, the law, and 
 theology, a full fifth of the College's three hundred and eleven 
 A. B.'s have entered graduate institutions. More than fifty 
 of them have taken the master's degree in Clark University. 
 
 Looking at the same facts from the University side I may 
 say that two-fifths of all the master's degrees which have 
 been conferred by the University upon men since there were 
 graduates of the College to take the degree (I leave ladies 
 out of account for at this point the College cannot compete) 
 — two-fifths have been conferred upon Clark College men, 
 and over one-tenth of all the doctor's degrees that have 
 
58 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 been conferred upon men, since there were College men 
 advanced enough to be candidates for that degree, have been 
 conferred on College A. B.'s 
 
 There was one thing about Dr. Hall's historical references 
 in his address this afternoon that struck me with especial 
 force and that was the omission of any reference whatever 
 to the greatest disappointment in the history of the Uni- 
 versity — the diversion of the money which all those who 
 loved the University had hoped would bring a realization 
 of their dreams for it, to the foundation of a college. How 
 great that disappointment was I know, for I was there. 
 How that disappointment has been met you may judge from 
 Dr. Hall's friendly words this afternoon and from the loyal 
 co-operation of the University Faculty in getting the new 
 institution under way. The situation was, nevertheless, a 
 difficult one. There was doubt on both sides as to the future 
 and fear on both sides that one foundation would grow at 
 the expense of the other. There is a certain Limerick which 
 runs: 
 
 " There was a young lady of Niger 
 
 Who went to ride on a tiger, 
 They returned from the ride 
 With the lady inside, 
 
 And a smile on the face of the tiger." 
 
 We had then a new problem of The Lady and The Tiger, 
 not quite like Frank Stockton's, but to all appearances as 
 pestering, Which of the two institutions was to prove the 
 lady and which the tiger ? Some perhaps have the last 
 vanishing shadow of such a fear yet. If there are any such 
 here, I want to tell them that their fears are groundless. 
 There is not the slightest danger that either will swallow 
 the other. There are many obscurities in Mr. Clark's will, 
 but of one thing there cannot be the faintest possible doubt 
 and that is that it was his desire and intention that all the 
 parts of his foundation should be maintained in equal and 
 equally efficient operation. The College and the University 
 are parts of a single organism and what hurts one hurts the 
 other. The time has come when it should be recognized that 
 the College man who indulges in unfriendly criticism of the 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 59 
 
 University is disloyal to the College and the University man 
 who indulges in similar criticism of the College is disloyal 
 to the University. The time has come when those who 
 think of the College and the University, and especially those 
 who think for the future, should think of them as a joint 
 institution — under separate management but integral parts 
 of a single whole. 
 
 I venture to hope even that time will show that the founding 
 of the College was not, after all, even a financial disadvantage 
 to the University. The University Alumni are scholars and 
 men of research. It is not necessary for them to take the 
 vows of poverty: they will have poverty thrust upon them. 
 It is not likely that there will be millionaires among them, 
 and though their loyalty may never be so zealous it is hardly 
 to be expected that many of them will ever have the money 
 for great endowments. With the College it is not altogether 
 so. Many of its Alumni go into scholarship and research, 
 but more do not. The College has and always will have 
 Alumni who are business men and professional men in the 
 better paid professions. I hope there may be millionaires 
 among them — generous millionaires, not only able but wil- 
 ling to give to the joint institution the money which it 
 so much needs for further development. The money which 
 went to the founding of the College would then appear not 
 as lost but as invested in friends of means, a most valuable 
 resource for any institution. In this way the University 
 may yet receive more even in money than it missed through 
 the founding of the College. 
 
 And finally I want to say a word or two about Dr. Hall; 
 no speech at the twenty-fifth anniversary of the University 
 could be made and leave Dr. Hall out. There have been 
 some suspicious souls who have thought they saw in Dr. 
 Hall the arch-enemy of the College. Because he was not 
 openly hostile they have suspected him of being an adroit 
 schemer bent on mischief through guile, one who would 
 out-Machiavelli Machiavelli. Well, that is all moonshine; 
 Dr. Hall is the best friend the College has. 
 
 It would have been easy at any time for Dr. Hall to have 
 made the position of the President of the College extremely 
 
60 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 disagreeable and difficult. So far as I have had any experi- 
 ence his course has been exactly the reverse of that. It would 
 have been easy and indeed natural for him, as the elder and 
 more experienced educator, to lay down the law on matters 
 of College administration. He has not done so, but on the 
 contrary, when he has in rare instances made suggestions 
 he has done so with the greatest courtesy, with hesitation, 
 I might almost say with diffidence. I myself have trespassed 
 a few times on University affairs ; five years have not weaned 
 me of interest in what concerns the University; but Dr. 
 Hall has never trespassed upon College affairs. I wish again 
 to present Dr. Hall, with all the force and emphasis that I 
 can muster, as the best friend the College has. 
 
 Dr. Webster. 
 
 It is now past nine o'clock, and as our reception was 
 announced to begin at that hour, it will be necessary for me 
 to talk backwards for five minutes in order to bring the clock 
 back to that point. I suppose that I am called upon as one 
 of the younger members of the university, since I, unlike the 
 speakers who have preceded me, have been here only twenty- 
 four years. It is very difficult for me to realize that so much 
 water has gone through the mill, for I remember perfectly the 
 day on which I first saw the university, and the rather un- 
 pleasant shock I had as I stepped off the horse-car in response 
 to the direction of the conductor. The grounds were then 
 surrounded by a simple picket fence, the yard was grown up 
 to tall grass, and the now familiar architecture of the main 
 building, which with the laboratory building, was all there 
 was on the lot, did not arouse my enthusiasm. I was on my 
 way to see the president of a Massachusetts college where I 
 had had an offer, but the apparently great opportunities for 
 scientific work here captured me, and have held me until now. 
 
 I was then just home from four years in Europe, probably 
 the best four years of my life, full of enthusiasm and admiration 
 for the splendid achievements of European science, and be- 
 lieving, as I still believe, that there is no pursuit more full of 
 joy, and more productive of service to humanity, than that 
 of the quest of nature's secrets, unfettered by the matter of 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 61 
 
 personal gain or advantage. Coming here I was at once 
 encouraged to do my best, and was thus saved from that cold 
 bath to enthusiasm that the dreary driving of unwilling 
 pupils frequently is to the aspiring scholar. After two years 
 of association with Professor Michelson, now the first of Amer- 
 ican physicists, I was allowed to shoulder the responsibility 
 for the conduct of the department, and soon realized what a 
 man's job that was. Well do I remember the lean years that 
 Dr. Hall described this morning when we all learned to tighten 
 the belt, and to practise the most strenuous of scientific 
 management, long before it was known by that name. We did 
 not have to fill out schedules of hours, to punch time clocks, 
 to make card catalogues of our thoughts, nor do any of those 
 idiotic things that geniuses for accountancy, for hustle and 
 grind, have since invented, and by which some have sought 
 to relate academic achievement to the product of the factory 
 and the machine shop. All that was expected of us was that 
 every man should do his best, and that we tried to do. All of 
 us were young and vigorous, and inspired by the same ideals. 
 We had a living wage, and it was always, even in the hardest 
 times, paid promptly. We learned how to do without, but 
 for myself I can truly say that those were happy years, and 
 I do not regret them. Sweet are the uses of adversity. In 
 the years since then, many of our American universities have 
 built great laboratories for physics, several of which, costing 
 more than a quarter of a million dollars apiece have seemed to 
 speak the last word of luxury and convenience for the experi- 
 menter, but I believe they do not teach the most important 
 lesson, that it is men rather than apparatus or buildings that 
 make progress, and that some of the greatest discoveries 
 have been made with the simplest of apparatus, but by men 
 of genius. 
 
 In the time allotted to me I cannot speak as I would of 
 the scientific career. I have elsewhere expressed myself 
 upon this subject in print, but will you allow me once more to 
 express my conviction that there is nothing more inspiring, 
 nothing more satisfying, in the whole catalogue of professions. 
 The greatest men whom I have ever known, Helmholtz, Lord 
 Kelvin and Lord Raleigh, men whose names have been for 
 
62 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 me as those of gods, have been men whose character is as a 
 shining Hght, shining into the more perfect day; and I count 
 it the greatest of my possessions to have been allowed to, in 
 a humble degree, count myself as one of their associates. In 
 the lecture theater of the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris is a 
 patriotic decoration, surrounded by those distinguished names 
 that have made French science illustrious, and surmounted 
 by the inscription, " Pour la Gloire, la Science, et la Patrie," 
 and although our glory is not that of marching battalions, 
 nor blazoned in the headlines of the press, is it any less real, 
 and is our social service less ? Such I take to be the spirit of 
 Clark University. 
 
 Dr. W. H. Burnham. 
 
 The toastmaster has charged me with looking serious. I 
 am serious, and while I am well aware that an after-dinner 
 speech, even on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the University 
 is not the proper occasion for discussing grave matters, you 
 will, I trust, pardon an element of seriousness in what I have 
 to say. I wish to speak of some of the needs of the University. 
 
 First, a clearer insight into the aims and methods of the 
 University is desirable. Many citizens in Worcester, I am 
 told, do not know what we are doing; and a clearer idea of 
 what we are attempting would be desirable among the stu- 
 dents themselves. In the past there has been a certain amount 
 of confusion and misunderstanding. A few years ago, for 
 example, something like this might happen. A new student 
 came to the University, enrolled at the office, received the 
 University Register, and perhaps by the time he reached 
 the University Library he had recalled enough of his college 
 Latin to translate the University motto. Fiat Lux. He 
 went in, hung up his coat and saw the sign " Put out the 
 Light." Next, perhaps, he went to hear one of the brilliant 
 opening lectures by President Hall. After the lecture he 
 went out thinking about the great man to whom he had 
 listened, strolled over to the biological laboratory, and there 
 he found that after all Hodge had more brains than any 
 other member of the Faculty. 
 
 All this was somewhat confusing to the student, but he 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 63 
 
 was Still more confused when he first consulted with his 
 instructor in regard to a problem for research. The student 
 knows how to study an ordinary subject; but the idea of 
 studying something about which nobody knows anything 
 is new to him. His instructor gives him a problem which 
 promises to give opportunity for original work. The stu- 
 dent goes out, thinks it over, tries to read in regard to it, 
 and comes back in a few days somewhat confused. His 
 feehng is much like that of a friend of mine who took her 
 first ride in an automobile. She hired a taxicab, and as soon 
 as she got into the machine it started with a jerk, barely 
 grazed a lamp post, and went at a violent rate of speed down 
 the street. She leaned out and said to the chauffeur: 
 
 " Please be careful, this is the first time I ever rode in an 
 automobile." 
 
 " Oh, madam," said the chauffeur, "don't let that worry 
 you, this is the first time I ever drove one." 
 
 The student comes back to his instructor and says, 
 
 " I can't find out anything about this subject, and I don't 
 know anything about it either." 
 
 " Oh, don't let that trouble you." the instructor replies, 
 " I don't know anything about it either." 
 
 That is the proper answer to give, but it is somewhat 
 confusing to the student. 
 
 Second, a better trained class of new students would be 
 desirable. We have an admirable group of workers, but 
 they might be better trained when they come to us. The 
 average student, as I see him, is trjdng very hard to get 
 ahead, — and that, believe me, is the one thing that more 
 than anything else he needs. 
 
 Perhaps I can make that point clearer to some of those 
 in the back part of the room by an illustration. In the study 
 of hygiene we find that whenever disease attacks an indi- 
 vidual it always goes to the weakest spot. That is the reason 
 I suppose that in most universities so many of the students 
 suffer from colds in the head.^ 
 
 ^The reader will please note that this statement _ was very carefully 
 made with reference to students in "most universities," not to those 
 in Clark University. According to my observation cases have been 
 more frequent here among the members of the Faculty. 
 
64 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 Third, it would be desirable to have more attention given 
 to the study of educational movements in this country. We 
 have given much attention to German education and the 
 results of scientific investigations in that country. This is 
 indispensable; but it would be desirable to study also Amer- 
 ican education more thoroughly. 
 
 The importance of this is suggested by a recent incident 
 in my own experience. As some of you know, I have main- 
 tained that the method of suggestion is better than the 
 method of demonstration; and I have myself sometimes 
 used the method of suggestion with more or less success. 
 Two years ago, for example, in the course on the Hygiene 
 of the School Child, I lectured on mumps; and after about 
 ten days one of my best students fell ill with the mumps. 
 There was nothing strange about that. But later in the 
 course I lectured on measles. I spoke of the German studies 
 of this disease and of the remarkable experiments made by 
 Eberstaller in German schools. After a week or two, again 
 one of my best students came down with the measles; but 
 after a few days I found, to my chagrin, that after all it 
 was only the German measles. 
 
 It is vitally important to study the results of German 
 scientific investigation; for the German scholar, as Heine, 
 I believe, said, "dives down deeper, and stays down longer, 
 and comes up muddier, than any other scholar in the world;" 
 but it is desirable to study also the results of American 
 investigators. 
 
 These are really serious matters. First of all, it is desir- 
 able that there should be a clearer insight into the aims 
 and methods of the University, especially among the new stu- 
 dents. The Facility can do very much to bring this about. 
 Second, it is desirable that we should have a better trained 
 class of new students. The Alumni can do much to furnish 
 us with better raw material by calling the attention of prom- 
 ising students to the opportunities offered by Clark Univers- 
 ity. Third, it is desirable that more attention should be given 
 to educational movements in this country; and it may be 
 hoped that sometime in the not distant future some wealthy 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 65 
 
 alumnus may see fit to found a fellowship or a professorship 
 for the study of American education. 
 
 Dr. F. C. Ferry. 
 
 About a half dozen years ago a new physician settled in 
 Williamstown. There were a half dozen physicians in the 
 little village already, but this man had lived in Williamstown 
 through part of his boyhood, and had graduated from the 
 college. He is a most likable man and a very successftd 
 practitioner. Accordingly his practice has now become so 
 large that he has associated with himself a younger physician 
 who shares his office and his calls. One of our students 
 recently entered this joint office with his face bandaged and 
 complained to the older man that the bandage had not been 
 put on properly. On being asked if the older physician had 
 himself applied the bandage, the student replied, " No, 
 you didn't do it yourself, it was done by your accomplice." 
 I happily believed, Mr. Toastmaster, that I had been enough 
 your accomplice in the preparation of the list of speakers 
 for the evening so that I would be excused from this task. 
 I am disappointed, and that even more for your sakes than 
 for my own. 
 
 One of my associates travelled in Greece a year since and 
 met there many of the American Greeks who had come back 
 home to bear arms for their native country. He found these 
 men, and particularly the younger ones, very interesting 
 fellows. He tells me of one, twenty years of age, who had 
 been employed in Boston for eight years and had found 
 that modern Athens a place of great financial opportunity 
 and now become very dear to him. He explained that he 
 was going to return to Boston just as soon as circumstances 
 would permit and would stay there forever, if he could. 
 Some one asking the time as they talked, the young Greek 
 took out his watch and waited to perform a bit of addition 
 before he named the hour. My friend asked him why his 
 watch was so very slow and the Greek youth replied: " My 
 watch keeps Boston time. It has kept Boston time ever 
 since I left Boston and it will be keeping Boston time when 
 
66 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 I go back to my American home." We Clark Alumni all 
 claim some other institution as the birthplace of our intel- 
 lectual life; but in good time a kindly fortune brought us 
 here and we found this University a place of the very great- 
 est intellectual opportunity and it became most dear to us. 
 Fortunate are we if in all our wanderings we still keep Clark 
 University time, — ^if our scholarly imptilses still move in the 
 kindly, accurate, faithful, and successful spirit which you, 
 our most helpful teachers, taught us here. We are grateful 
 to the Trustees of the University for contributing so gener- 
 ously to make this opportunity for us to return, to meet our 
 teachers again, and to correct our watches by the Clark time. 
 Most of us Alumni feel quite helpless to return what we 
 received here from this gracious alma mater. We are mainly 
 teachers and, when we look for money to contribute, find 
 only debts. While our creditors would be glad to have us 
 give these to the University, this would avail not. But, 
 perhaps there is another kind of service which we can render. 
 Clark University must have the ablest of our college grad- 
 uates for her students if she is to continue to maintain her 
 former rank among institutions of learning. These ablest 
 college graduates are more and more sought by other uni- 
 versities which offer fellowships of great stipend and clois- 
 tered palaces in stone to attract them. Each year shows 
 new sources of attraction and still larger fellowships. With 
 her modest endowment she can hardly compete on financial 
 grounds. Accordingly the Alumni who can persuade desir- 
 able students to come to Clark will serve their alma mater 
 well and will serve still better, if their experience prove 
 like ours, the young men themselves whose steps we turn 
 Clark ward. 
 
 Professor Earl Barnes. 
 
 Twenty-four years ago the National Education Associa- 
 tion met in Toronto, Canada. One afternoon a notice was 
 posted, that after the close of the session, G. Stanley Hall 
 would meet those interested in a room of the Normal School 
 to discuss child study. There I made my acquaintance 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 67 
 
 with the gentleman who spoke this afternoon as the presi- 
 dent of Clark University, celebrating the twenty-fifth anni- 
 versary of the institution. 
 
 From that day to this I have been a frequent visitor at 
 Clark, coming here for ideas and inspiration, and in the in- 
 tervals between visits I have quarried out sections of the 
 Pedagogical Seminary, the American Journal of Psychology, 
 and the big voltimes on Adolescence, and have sold them here 
 and there as my original contribution to pedagogy. All 
 this would explain my feeling at home in Clark University, 
 and yet I am surprised to see how I received your invitation 
 to attend this meeting almost as a matter of course, how I 
 fell in line with your graduates and listened to the addresses 
 with the feeling that they were intended for me. 
 
 One of President Hall's remarks cleared the whole matter. 
 He said, "Clark University is not a structtire, it is a state 
 of mind." I had accepted the state of mind, and so I had 
 become a part of Clark University. Later we heard a great 
 deal about original research and the true scientific spirit, 
 and yet in some way that failed to entirely explain the state 
 of mind that is Clark University. After all, a state of mind 
 must be created by individuals. It does not merely happen. 
 
 A year ago, in a western city, I was introduced to a school- 
 man, and we began talking of common interests and ac- 
 quaintances. The man seemed little interested in me until 
 I happened to mention the name of Louis N. Wilson. In- 
 stantly his whole attitude changed. " Do you know Wil- 
 son ? " he exclaimed, "come and have dinner with me, and 
 we will talk about him." Every old student of Clark Uni- 
 veristy has time and again run across this state of mind 
 which is Clark University, and has found that it responded 
 to the name of Louis N. Wilson. 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, I toast you the gentle lover of 
 Pepy's diary, the connoisseur of fine book-binding, the in- 
 defatigable servitor of all who need him and of all who 
 merely think they need him, the man who is a friend in 
 times of good fortune, doubly a friend in times of adversity, 
 unfailingly and for ever a friend in times of disaster, — ladies 
 
68 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 and gentlemen, I toast you Dr. Louis N. Wilson, one of the 
 most important factors in creating the state of mind that is 
 Clark University. 
 
 Dr. Louis N. Wilson.* 
 
 It hardly seems possible that twenty-five years have 
 slipped by since I first became connected with Clark Uni- 
 versity. I remember with what fear and trepidation I en- 
 tered upon my duties. We were a very small band, but 
 I was taken into the family very early in my connection 
 with the institution. It was a brilliant group of men that 
 Dr. Hall had gathered together and it was a liberal educa- 
 tion to be associated with them. I do not wish to imply 
 that the old days were better than the present, as that is 
 said to be an old man's cry, and while I realize the years 
 are passing I do not wish to hasten them. But it seems to 
 me that the men in those days, both professors and students, 
 were a little more earnest, a little more concentrated upon 
 their work, than is the student of to-day. I suppose it was 
 partly due to the fact that they were a picked lot of men, 
 men who had been waiting for just such an opportunity as 
 Clark University, for the first time, afforded them. At any 
 rate, in those days we heard much less about social service 
 or about our duties to the public, and every man seemed to 
 be living solely for science. I do not object to a student 
 taking in music or the theatre, but I must confess that I 
 have a little bit more respect for a man who drops all 
 these things for the three years of his student life at 
 Clark and devotes himself absolutely to acquiring knowledge 
 in his special line. In other words I like to see a man stick 
 to his job. 
 
 I know there is a great deal said just now about the service 
 the University owes to the great public, but I am not afraid 
 to rank myself on the other side. I think the greatest service 
 a university can render to the public is to train good men, 
 not in large numbers, to train them well and let them 
 
 * Dr. Wilson was detained at home by illness. His remarks prepared 
 for the occasion are here printed. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 69 
 
 serve the public after they go out from the institution. There 
 is grave danger that while the Professor is serving the public 
 the student may be neglected. If an institution of learning 
 desires to advertise itself before the public it would be much 
 wiser, in my opinion, to have a special man for that purpose. 
 I merely throw this out as a hint to you gentlemen who have 
 gone out into the teaching world, and who will mould the char- 
 acter of our higher institutions of education during the next 
 twenty-five years. There has been a great deal of criticism of 
 colleges and universities in the past few years. Whether just or 
 unjust, I do not know. But in spite of all the popular clamor 
 I still maintain that the function of a college or university 
 is to give men an education and not merely to make them 
 capable of earning their living. The university men must 
 believe heart and soul in university ideals, and these ideals 
 must be high if the university is to live and command respect. 
 On the personal side, as I look back over these twenty- 
 five years, I am filled with a deep sense of gratitude for the 
 warm friendships I have made, for the splendid fellows I 
 have known here, and for their continued friendship for me 
 after they have gone out into active life. As I said just 
 now the association with the first group of men was an 
 education in itself, so I think the association with the stu- 
 dents all through these twenty-five years has been a constant 
 reminder to me that I have got far more from the University 
 than it ever got from me. I can truly say with the psalmist 
 that "my lines have fallen in pleasant places" and I find 
 it absolutely impossible to attempt to convey to you the 
 deep debt of gratitude I owe to you all. I have felt for the 
 University all these years much as I imagine the children 
 of Israel felt for the Temple of the Lord in the old testament 
 days, that it was something sacred and dedicated to high 
 purposes. Perhaps I have at times carried this sentiment 
 to absurd lengths, yet I am glad I have felt and still retain 
 it. To have served Clark University faithfully and well 
 for a quarter of a century, and to have won and held the 
 love and respect of the splendid men who have been con- 
 nected with her all through those years, is indeed a great 
 
70 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 honor. I can only express the hope that I may show my 
 appreciation of it all by yet greater devotion to the Uni- 
 versity and her Alumni in the years yet to come. 
 
 One of the features of the evening was the presentation 
 of a purse of $350 to Dr. Wilson by the Alumni of the Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 The enthusiasm which greeted the sentiments expressed 
 by Dr. Dawson in his speech of presentation showed the 
 spontaneity of confirmation of the devotion of all for this 
 great man. 
 
 Dr. George E. Dawson. 
 
 My part in the program of this occasion was primarily 
 intended to be only that of a spokesman between the Alumni 
 of Clark University, and our good friend, Dr. Louis N. 
 Wilson. Now that he is absent, through sudden illness, I 
 am placed in a rather anomalous, not to say embarrassing, 
 position. It is hard to play a part in the drama of Hamlet 
 with Hamlet off the stage. However, since you have called 
 upon me, Mr. Chairman, I shall say briefly a few words 
 that I have it in my heart to say, and then play my spokes- 
 man r61e, with you as our friend Wilson's proxy. 
 
 On all such occasions, much is apt to be said, directly or 
 indirectly, about what Clark University stands for in the 
 estimation of those who are called upon to speak. This 
 evening has proved no exception to the rule. And while 
 others have been talking, there has come to my mind, as 
 always before, the mental image of Clark University as a 
 group of friends, bound together by ties of intellectual com- 
 radeship and mutual goodwill and helpfulness. Whatever 
 else the Clark University of the old days may have meant, 
 it certainly was the abode of men whose ideas, work, hopes, 
 and often perplexities, were grounded upon the basis of that 
 community of spirit which is the essence of friendship. 
 
 I well remember my own introduction to the University. 
 It centers in two men, Wilson, and President Hall. I can 
 see them yet, both, as it happened often in those days, stand- 
 ing within the railing of what was then the secretary's office. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 71 
 
 Wilson was near the entrance, alert for greetings or business 
 with any visitor; President Hall was standing near the 
 window, reading a letter, or some manuscript. To Wilson 
 I was introduced by a mutual friend. And then came the 
 words "Glad to see you, my boy," and the friendly hand 
 resting on my shoulder, which I afterwards came to know were 
 greetings as genuine as was the nature of him who extended 
 them. " What can I do for you ? Has your family come 
 yet ? How about a house ? Now, remember, Dawson, if 
 there is anything I can do to help you settle yourselves, I 
 want you to let me know," — served further to complete the 
 impression that I was at home, welcome in a family circle, 
 no less than in an academic institution. 
 
 But this was only the prelude to President Hall's part in 
 my introductory experiences. He was just going over to 
 his house. I must go along. He wanted to talk with me. 
 What did I propose to study at Clark ? What had I studied ? 
 What problems was I especially interested in ? He was very 
 glad to have me at the University. Thus between questions 
 and comments, I was made to feel that, possibly, I was just 
 the man President Hall was looking for to do some big work 
 hitherto undone, and now the fates were bringing the indi- 
 vidual and the opportunity together in a rather unique 
 way. I have never been able to decide just how far a certain 
 shrewd himaor entered into President's Hall first interview 
 with me, but I have never questioned the essential friendli- 
 ness of it all; and when I left his residence with my arms 
 full of pamphlets and magazine articles, some of them by 
 President Hall, given to me outright to set my wits and 
 imagination to work on the unsolved problems we had agreed 
 I was destined to solve during my stay at Clark, — I had a 
 distinctly new sense of how the scholarship of a man whom 
 I had long revered as a scholar, may be swallowed up in the 
 human sjrmpathy that makes the great and the small akin. 
 
 The impressions thus made upon my mind by these two 
 introductory experiences were everywhere strengthened 
 through my further contact with the University. Every 
 teacher, without exception, whatever his role as academic 
 guide and counsellor, was a friend. The whole community 
 
72 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 of books, apparatus, ideas, lectures, recitations and what 
 not, was primarily a community of sympathetic interest and 
 co-operation. 
 
 Now, I am inclined to think that it was out of memories 
 inspired by some such experiences and impressions as my 
 own, that Drs. Bohannon and Kline, of far-away Duluth, 
 conceived the idea of making this anniversary occasion a 
 medium for the expression of friendliness. What more fitting 
 contribution to the program of such an occasion than a 
 testimonial to the function of friendship in a university's 
 life ? And what worthier recipient of such a testimonial 
 cotdd be found than he who, among all the good friends 
 of Clark University, has from the first day of its existence 
 to the present moment, been chief in all the offices of friend- 
 ship ? I am to tell you, then, Fellow Alumni and ladies and 
 gentlemen, that, originating with Drs. Bohannon and Kline, 
 of the State Normal School of Duluth, Minn., the plan was 
 worked out among the Alumni of raising a purse, to be 
 presented to Dr. Louis N. Wilson on this occasion. This 
 plan had as one of its primary objects a possible visit by 
 Dr. Wilson to the principal libraries of the West and North- 
 west, and more particularly the libraries of educational 
 centers. It was expressly understood, however, that this 
 visit was only a suggestion, and that Dr. Wilson was to be 
 left free to use the purse as he thought best. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to state that this plan of raising a 
 purse as a testimonial to Dr. Wilson, met with the most 
 cordial and enthusiastic reception. From twenty-seven dif- 
 ferent states, extending literally from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific, and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, 
 former students of Clark University, and friends of Dr. 
 Wilson, have sent in their contributions. I have to announce 
 to you to-night that there has thus been raised a purse of 
 $350.00. 
 
 And now, Mr. Chairman, to you, as representing Dr. 
 Wilson, I tender this purse, hoping that in the use of it you 
 may receive as full a measure of joy and profit as we, your 
 friends of the Alumni of Clark University, have had in pro- 
 viding it for you. 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 73 
 
 A large number of letters were received from alumni who 
 were unable to be present, expressing sentiments of loyalty 
 to Clark, to President Hall, to the various Professors and 
 especially to Dr. Wilson about whom centers the affection of 
 all Clark men. 
 
 Dr. Chamberlain 1 wrote from his sick bed the following 
 note, which was read to a company " sorrowing . . . that 
 they should see his face no more." 
 
 My Dear Mr. Wilson: 
 
 You know better than anyone else how sorry I am 
 that severe illness will prevent me participating in any 
 of the anniversary exercises. And you know, too, what 
 this means after twenty-four years continuous service 
 to the University. Will you express for me my best 
 wishes for the success of the occasion in every respect. 
 May Clark University, under the leadership of President 
 Hall, continue to be a tower of strength for the advance- 
 ment and encouragement of the highest and noblest 
 ideals of science. 
 
 Very sincerely, 
 
 Alexander F. Chamberlain. 
 
 THE RECEPTION 
 
 At nine o'clock the Trustees, Facility and Aliunni gave a 
 reception in the ball-room of the Bancroft Hotel to the citizens 
 of Worcester. In the receiving line were : 
 
 Colonel and Mrs. A. G. Bullock. 
 
 Doctor and Mrs. G. Stanley Hall. 
 
 Doctor and Mrs. E. C. Sanford. 
 
 Members of the College Faculty acted as ushers. Music 
 was furnished by the Hotel orchestra and refreshments were 
 served during the evening. 
 
 ^ Dr. Chamberlain's illness proved fatal April 8, 1914. 
 
74 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 THE MEDAL 
 
 The Board of Trustees early in the year commissioned Mr 
 Victor D. Breuner of New York to prepare a medal to mark 
 the 25th anniversary. On the morning of Commencement 
 Day after the conferring of degrees, Dr. Austin S. Garver, 
 on behalf of the Board, presented the first example of the medal 
 struck at the U. S. Mint, to President Hall in the following 
 words : 
 
 On this happy and auspicious anniversary, crowned with 
 fulfillment, as we look back over the twenty-five years of 
 completed history, we have abundant reasons for pride and 
 mutual congratulation. Measured by true standards what a 
 rare history it has been. In this brief period, under a wise 
 leader, aided by learned and devoted colleagues, the University 
 has grown from an empty name to an assured place among 
 the foremost institutions of higher learning in the world. In 
 a short quarter century it has won wide fame and secular 
 prestige : and upon all connected with it there is reflected 
 today the glory of an incomparable achievement. 
 
 In view of this splendid record, and desiring to give fitting 
 expression to their sense of its importance, the Trustees have 
 caused a medal to be prepared in commemoration of an 
 anniversary so significant and unique. 
 
 On the one side is designed a beautiful allegorical group 
 symbolizing the spirit of the University, itself on the high 
 road of science, pressing forward to clearer light and fresh 
 discovery, while guiding the steps of eager youth along the 
 same arduous and upward path. The whole is interpreted 
 by the lines from Cowper : — 
 
 "Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much, 
 
 Wisdom is humble that he knows no more." 
 
 On the face of the medal is delineated the fine philosophic 
 head of the real builder and maker of the University, the 
 master mind that has charted its course, the vital spirit that 
 breathed into it the breath of life. While on the ^edge, in 
 bold characters, appears the name of the Founder in the 
 inscription : 
 
 "Clark University Twenty-fifth Anniversary, 1914." 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 75 
 
 The medal has thus a twofold meaning, and purpose. On 
 the one hand it commemorates an illustrious epoch in the 
 history of the University; on the other hand it is a personal 
 tribute to the genius of the President who has made it what 
 it is. 
 
 It is now my proud privilege, on behalf of the Trustees, to 
 present to you, President Hall, this medal, which in addition 
 to its merit as a work of art, and to the sentiments with which 
 it is charged, has the further interest of being the first impres- 
 sion from the mint. 
 
 We present it to you in recognition of your wise and inspiring 
 leadership; in acknowledgment of your distinguished service 
 in the cause of education ; and especially in grateful and affec- 
 tionate remembrance of your long association with us, and 
 your unsparing devotion to the interests of the University. 
 
 May I speak not for the Trustees only, but for all who have 
 been associated with you, in bidding you to accept it as a 
 token of our high appreciation,- and as a perpetual memorial 
 both of the signal quality of the work you have done, and of 
 the esteem and honor in which you are held by us all. We do 
 not want to keep these testimonies from you while you are 
 still with us, nor hold them in reserve till you have no ears 
 to hear them. They come warm from our hearts, with the 
 prayer that you may long continue to be the only President 
 of Clark University. 
 
 Asking the audience, which had arisen, to be seated, 
 Dr. Hall said: 
 
 Mr. Garver and gentlemen of the Board of Trustees: — 
 I cannot feign to be taken by surprise by this most artistic 
 memento of the quarter century which ends to-day, and since 
 this item was put on the programme I have thought of or 
 rather felt many things, all of them inadequate, that I would 
 like to say, but the overwhelming terms of your presentation 
 resolve every thought I had back into feelings that are so 
 deep and strong that I can hardly think or speak at all. 
 From the bottom of my heart I thank you, gentlemen of the 
 Board. Whatever has been done here is in a very unusual 
 
76 CLARK UNIVERSITY 
 
 sense your work, for all these years we have been standing 
 close together, and no executive servant ever had wiser or 
 kinder masters. I realize, as I glance over our history from 
 the beginning to the present, the most unusual burdens that 
 you and your distinguished predecessors have had to bear, 
 and to what an extent the very existence as well as the achieve- 
 ments of the university are your monument. Would that 
 the Founder himself, who loved and lived for this institution 
 as his only child, could see this day. The obverse of this 
 medallion exactly embodies his ideal, wisdom guiding and 
 inspiring youth on the upward way towards larger truth and 
 more light. This is indeed the apt and pregnant symbol, not 
 only of our achievements, but of all our aspirations. The 
 taller figure stands for all who have investigated and taught, 
 and the other represents all who have studied and learned 
 here. Both are just leaving an obscurer and more unsettled 
 background and starting up a smoother and flower-lined way, 
 and both faces are turned from the past and are intent upon 
 the future. That this conception, which the artist owes to 
 Dr. Garver, may forever typify the Clark spirit, is my most 
 fervent wish and prayer. 
 
 The other face of the medal has only a temporary signifi- 
 cance. I may perhaps say with due modesty that the folds of 
 the drapery I am given seem to me a thing of beauty. As 
 Mr. Brenner was putting into the life-size model, from which 
 this was reduced, with a needle the hairs that have grown 
 thin from the work of these twenty-five years, and with his 
 thumb-nail the wrinkles that have increased, I wondered if 
 two or three thousand years hence, when some future archae- 
 ologist might excavate one of these medallions from our 
 grounds, my features might not be so softened by time that 
 he would interpret it not as an individual but as a composite 
 portrait of the Faculty, for that is what it really stands for, 
 because it is not I, but they, that have made Clark. May I 
 therefore accept it not for myself but for you, my colleagues ? 
 May I not accept it also for all the students who are and have 
 been here, and for the college as well, for we are all parts of a 
 larger whole and indeed, for all Faculties between whom and 
 their Board of Trustees such ideal relations exist as have 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 77 
 
 always prevailed here ? It is indeed vastly easier as well as 
 more blessed to give than to receive, and if I were giving 
 this medallion to you, Mr. Garver, or to the Trustees, even I, 
 instead of these halting and inadequate words, feel as if even 
 I for once might be almost eloquent. Since our celebration 
 of March 28th, we have thought much of the past. Let us 
 now, one and all, turn to the future and regard this moment 
 as the commencement indeed of the next quarter century, 
 and with more perfect unity and greater loyalty let all who 
 care for Clark try to make the next twenty-five years so bright 
 that they will eclipse the past. 
 
 A few copies of the medal remain for distribution. For price address 
 Dr. Louis N. Wilson, Librarian. 
 
m!;,!,?^'^^^ of congress 
 
 029 923 109 4